1 
 
 
 1 
 
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THE PRACTITIONER'S 
 
 MEDICAL DICTIONARY 
 
 GOULD 
 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR 
 
 The Illustrated Dictionary of Medicine, Biology, and 
 Allied Sciences. 5th Edition. 
 
 Full Sheep or Half Dark Green Leather, $10.00 
 
 With Thumb Index 11.00 
 
 Half Russia, Thumb Index 12.00 
 
 A Dictionary of New Medical Terms. 
 
 Full Sheep or Half Dark Green Leather, 5.00 
 
 With Thumb Index 6.00 
 
 Half Russia, Thumb Index 7.00 
 
 The above two books in one volume. Half Morocco, .... 15.00 
 
 The Student's Medical Dictionary, nth Edition. 
 Illustrated. 
 
 Half Morocco, 2.50 
 
 With Thumb Index, 3.00 
 
 Full Flexible Leather, Thumb Index 3.50 
 
 The Pocket Pronouncing "Medical Lexicon. 4th 
 Edition. 
 (30,000 Medical Words Pronounced and Defined.) 
 
 Full Limp Leather, Gilt Edges 1.00 
 
 With Thumb Index 1.25 
 
 Biographic Clinics, Five Volumes, Each 1.00 
 
 Vols. I and II.— The Origin of the 111 Health of DeQuincy, 
 
 Carlyle, Wagner, etc. 
 Vols. Ill, IV, and V. — Essays Concerning the Influence of 
 
 Visual Function, Pathologic and Physiologic, upon the 
 
 Health of Patients. 
 
 Borderland Studies. 
 
 Miscellaneous Addresses and Essays Pertaining to Medicine 
 and the Medical Profession, and their Relations to 
 General Science, Net 2.00 
 
 BY DR- GEORGE M. GOULD AND 
 DR. WALTER L, PYLE 
 
 Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine and Surgery. 75 
 Special Contributors. Illustrated. 
 
 Full Sheep or Half Dark Green Leather $10.00 
 
 With Thumb Index 11.00 
 
 Half Russia, Thumb Index 12.00 
 
 Pocket Cyclopedia of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 Based upon the Cvclopedia of Practical Medicine and Sur- 
 gery. Edited by Walter L. Pyle, M.D. Full Limp Leather, 
 
 Gilt Edges, 1.00 
 
 With Thumb Index 1.25 
 
 Compend of Diseases* of the Eye. Third Edition. 
 109 Illustrations. 
 
 Cloth, 1.00 
 
 Interleaved for Notes, 1.25 
 
THE PRACTITIONER'S 
 
 MEDICAL DICTIONARY 
 
 AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED 
 
 SUBJECTS, INCLUDING ALL THE WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 GENERALLY USED IN MEDICINE, WITH THEIR 
 
 PROPER PRONUNCIATION, DERIVATION, 
 
 AND DEFINITION 
 
 BASED ON RECENT MEDICAL LITERATURE 
 BY 
 
 GEORGE M. GOULD, A.M., M.D. 
 
 AUTHOR OF "AN ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY OF MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, AND ALLIED SCIENCES," " THI 
 STUDENT'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY," "30,000 MEDICAL WORDS PRONOUNCED AND DEFINED," "BIOGRA- 
 PHIC CLINICS," "THE MEANING AND METHOD OF LIFE," "BORDERLAND STUDIES," ETC.; 
 EDITOR OF "AMERICAN MEDICINE" 
 
 CONTAINING AMONG OTHER NEW FEATURES THE TERMS OF THE BASLE ANATOMIC NOMEN- 
 CLATURE AND THE STANDARDS OF PHARMACEUTIC PREPARATIONS AS GIVEN 
 BY THE EIGHTH DECENNIAL REVISION OF THE UNITED 
 STATES PHARMACOPEIA 
 
 f lUsttateO 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO 
 
 1012 WALNUT STREET 
 1907 
 

 •" I 
 
 LiBRARY of CONGRESS 
 Two Cooies Received 
 
 DEC H ?908 
 
 A Omr right Entry 
 CLASS .fl XXc„ No. 
 COPY B. 
 
 Copyright, 1906, by P. Blakiston's Son & Co. 
 
 WM. F. FELL COMPANY 
 
 ELECTROTYPERS AND PRINTERS 
 
 1220-24 SANSON! STREET 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This book is in every respect and detail new. Its object is to supply the 
 practitioner with trustworthy definitions of such medical words and terms as he may 
 need in his reading of standard medical text-books, monographic or journalistic litera- 
 ture. AH, of us, editor, assistants, and publisher, have sought to avoid the incom- 
 pleteness and limitations of dictionaries too small to meet the needs of the active 
 educated physician, while at the same time comprising what is essential in the largest 
 collections. The first class of works necessarily fail to include the brand new coinages, 
 those most unknown to the practitioner, while the larger are frequently too much un- 
 abridged and at least are expensive, heavy, and bulky. We have here striven for the 
 fortunate in medio tutissimns. The inclusion of the best of the new and probably 
 enduring words that have been minted in the last ten or twelve years, while at the same 
 time keeping the old lists complete, has been a hard task. This has been made 
 possible only by the generous cooperation of the publisher. Not a little of the modern 
 publishing business consists in selling at an enormous profit a vast amount of book- 
 paper of poor quality, large extent, and useless thickness, upon which is sprawled a 
 correspondingly exiguous text. With due attention to optic and artistic demands the 
 choice of the reverse plan has been adopted. 
 
 We have retained all the old and acceptable features of the previous lexicons, the 
 chief being the simple method, easily understood at a glance, of indicating the pro- 
 nunciation and accentuation of words. The tabulation and systematic classification of 
 correlated terms which has previously so well demonstrated its usefulness has also 
 been continued. To this one exception has been made, — the distribution in alpha- 
 betic order of eponymic terms. Since the publication of earlier volumes these lists have 
 grown so amazingly that it has seemed labor-saving in ease of reference to scatter these 
 throughout the alphabet. In no other work will so many be found as in this. We 
 may criticize and object to the making of these thousands of words called after men's 
 names, but as the lexicographer is primarily a historian, they may not be excluded, 
 and especially if the purchaser's interests are duly considered. 
 
 Several valuable and important novelties have been adopted in order to make the 
 work meet all the latest requirements : The metric system of weights and measure- 
 ments in doses, etc., has been added in order to furnish the necessary equivalents to 
 those who may prefer these to the older and more common forms ; the additions and 
 changes of the new Pharmacopeia have been inserted; and the recommendations 
 
vi PREFACE 
 
 of the new [BNA] anatomic nomenclature have been noted. Concerning this re- 
 form Professor Lewellys F. Barker says : 
 
 "This nomenclature has practically reduced the anatomical terms by many 
 thousands. It has omitted many which were ambiguous and obsolete, and has re- 
 sulted in the establishment of certain general particulars regarding formation and use 
 of anatomical terms which will simplify and make uniform the nomenclature as it is 
 to-day, and new terms which may have to be added as investigation continues." 
 
 Without wasting space and making "a picture book" we have endeavored to 
 keep the most valuable and helpful illustrations of former volumes, and have added a 
 considerable number of new ones, distributing them where they will be most conve- 
 niently consulted. 
 
 To those previously thanked who have so ably and unselfishly aided in the com- 
 pilations of the numerous styles and revisions of previous lexicons I have edited, as 
 well as to many others, unnamed, who have been interested in perfecting those which 
 should follow, I can only now express in this general way my obligations and gratitude. 
 But in the arduous and painstaking assistance rendered the subscribers to the present 
 volume, full and especial thanks are due E. Raiguel and G. C. C. Howard. 
 
 I have a feeling of gladness in learning from my publishers that, despite many old 
 and many more new rivals, over 200,000 copies of my medical dictionaries have 
 been scattered among the profession in many parts of the world. That evidences 
 something of usefulness in the great cause of medical science and progress. 
 
 GEORGE M. GOULD. 
 
 Philadelphia, 1906. 
 
 NOTES CONCERNING THE HISTORY OF LEXICOGRAPHY* 
 
 Nomina si nescis peril cognitio rerum, said Coke with the acumen of the legal 
 mind, and it is generally true that the knowledge of things depends upon the knowledge 
 of their names. Discoveries of new facts, or new standpoints for viewing old facts, 
 demand new tags or "nicking" symbols' whereby their status may be fixed and their 
 recognition insured and made more clear for distant or future students. Few philo- 
 sophic and scientific minds may exhibit an aloofness and a freedom from the tyranny 
 of words to enable them to study things without the aid of words and namings. But 
 nothing, it is admitted, is more blundering in a personal sense, and more harmful 
 to the progress of science, than the exhaustion of interest so soon as a classification and 
 nomenclature have been made. The ridiculous is only needed to end in the absurd, 
 and this is generally supplied by their wrong pigeon-holing and false ticketing. A 
 diagnosis once made, a mere word, long, mysterious, and meaningless, pinned upon 
 the bunched symptoms, and further study of etiology, prophylaxis, or therapeutics 
 is with too many at an end. Over 200 years ago Dr. South tried to check this "fatal 
 imposture and force of words " by showing how " the generality of mankind is governed 
 
 * From the preface to the author's "A Dictionary of New Medical Terms," 1905. 
 
PREFACE vii 
 
 by words and names," not by things as they are, but as they are called — in a word, 
 by " verbal magic." 
 
 And yet in a groping science like medicine, one that inductively, slowly, and 
 tentatively is feeling its way toward the truth, this need of naming every step forward 
 is peculiarly necessary. It is the condition of securing the step in itself, and of guiding 
 the aftercomers. It is the blazing of trails into the wilderness of the unknown. Of 
 course no one can tell what lines of research may finally prove the best and true, and 
 none, therefore, what blazes will be useful or useless. New trails, shorter, easier, 
 and better, may indeed be discovered, and when the wilderness country is settled, all 
 trails will either be abandoned or become well-known roads. But even then good 
 sign-posts and pointing index-fingers will be helpful for strangers, and some of the old 
 names will never be discarded. None can surely foretell what words may die and 
 what ones become a part of the language. Hence the lexicographer may not too 
 recklessly exclude. 
 
 The history of lexicography finds its first data about 700 or 800 A. D., in glosses, 
 or the more common explanatory words annexed or superposed over "hard" terms, 
 and made either in Latin or in the glossator's own vernacular. A list of such glosses 
 was called a glossarium, or as we say, a glossary. It soon become the custom for 
 children and students to learn by heart the classified lists of the names of things, such 
 as those of the parts of the body, of animals, trades, tools, virtues and vices, diseases, 
 etc. Such a list constituted a vocabularium or vocabulary. These glosses and vocab- 
 ularies were in time thrown together in bundles, at first without any order, and as 
 lists, without losing their individuality. Then came the " first letter order," in which 
 all words and terms beginning with the letter a were bundled together, still without 
 discrimination, so that the entire list of words beginning with a, or b, had to be scanned 
 in order to find a special word. The classification proceeded to an arrangement of the 
 items also according to the second letter, then the third, etc., until after hundreds of 
 years complete alphabetization came into use. At first the aim had been to explain 
 difficult Latin words by easier Latin ones ; then by English ones, and in the tenth and 
 eleventh centuries the English equivalents were the rule, and the glossaries were 
 Latin-English. The first book of this kind to be called a dictionarium, that is a reper- 
 tory of dictiones or sayings, was that of Sir Thomas Elyot in 1538, and from that time 
 the word dictionary has supplanted all others ; so much so that it is now the title of 
 any alphabetic gathering not only of words but of any kind of knowledge what- 
 soever. 
 
 Our modern language of medicine is unique in that it is made up of the un- 
 changed and undigested materials and relics used or contributed during its entire 
 history. The persisting substratum is Latin, upon which has been placed a mass of 
 pseudogreek words not physiologicly created nor grown by natural philologic methods, 
 but springing Minervalike from the brains of thousands of modern Jupiters. These 
 largely bear the marks of their parentage in characteristics that do not, or should not, 
 beget a spontaneous pride of lineage. From a highly variegated medievalism that has, 
 indeed, never ended, we have taken over another unassimilable conglomerate, and 
 superadded are thousands of dissimilar terms derived from modern chemistry, biology, 
 
viii PREFACE 
 
 bacteriology, and many other sciences. Each single group of contemporaneous 
 nationalities contributes to the others its share of names, and is itself hard at work en- 
 deavoring to fuse the whole heritage into homogeneity and unity with the amalgam of 
 the spirit of the general language dominant among its people. The result is a strange 
 hodge-podge of the medical language of two or more thousand years and of many 
 special national tongues, in mechanic, not chemic mixture, with modern sounds and 
 symbols, the whole amazingly heterogeneous and cacophonous. The thirtieth cen- 
 tury medical student will probably be compelled to memorize iter a tertio ad quartum 
 ventriculum, etc., and to write his orders for drugs in a sad mixture of sorry Latin so 
 far as his knowledge will carry, and then to end it in despair in the vulgar manner of 
 speech of his contemporaries. In general biology the law holds that the ontogeny 
 epitomizes and repeats the phylogeny ; but only at the different successive stages of its 
 individual development. In medical language the phylum is always present, and 
 there are no successive stages; there has been no rebirth or inheritance; the ontogeny 
 goes on preserving all the old origins and accretions, and simply adding the new to 
 them. For this sort of evolution there is no name (unless Weissmann's immortality 
 theory is applicable), and its study may be commended to the Darwins and Spencers 
 of the future as a noteworthy exception to hitherto formulated laws. The result is 
 before us: a huge and unassimilated philologic mass, many times greater than it should 
 be, the despair of medical students and of the makers of dictionaries. These word- 
 books, of course, reproduce the phylogenetic history in the same way, and there is no 
 escape from the republication of all the methods and most all the words gathered and 
 found useful in the course of ages. Here with some modifications of detail must be 
 repeated the glosses and vocabularies of a thousand years ago, the foiled attempts 
 together with the partial successes at alphabetic arrangement, and lastly the addition 
 of the modern encyclopedia 
 
 The functions of the dictionary-maker have thus become multiplied and varied. 
 As the gloss-lists and vocable-lists grew into dictionariums and as alphabetization be- 
 came thoroughgoing, as one after another subject was added to the word-gatherer's 
 work so our technical dictionary has at last become in part encyclopedic and expository, 
 its plan and outworking still somewhat subject to the personality, scholarship, and 
 judgment of the author. It will always remain an open question how far the author 
 should or may go in giving individual color to his dictionary. Johnson's famous 
 definitions of excise, lexicographer, oats, pension, pensioner, tory, whig, etc. ; Webster's 
 "Americanism" in spelling; the Century's seconding in various ways the obvious 
 trending of philologic progress, — these, and many such illustrate the lexicographer's 
 belief in his own, at least, " limited " free-will. 
 
 "Johnson's great work," says Dr. Murray, "raised English lexicography alto- 
 gether to a higher level. In his hands it became a department of literature." The 
 technical dictionary of to-day may indeed claim a higher office than that, because no 
 monograph or text-book comes near the far-reaching and lasting influence of modern 
 encyclopedic dictionaries. They help more than teacher or text-book to bring order 
 into the student's forming mind, and to systematize and make definite his knowledge. 
 In postgraduate life and practice there is no book that is so frequently consulted, and 
 
PREFACE ix 
 
 the teachings of which are so clearly kept in memory. This is because of the validity 
 of the maxim of Coke. 
 
 Solely upon condition, however, that the author has put heart, intellect, and labor 
 into his work ! If he has been content to repeat, copy, and adopt, it will not be so. 
 And even then only if other repeaters, copiers, and adopters " do not break through and 
 steal." As has often happened since, dictionary-theft is an ancient story. As long as 
 250 years ago Phillips plagiarized the glossographia of Blount. The robbed author 
 indignantly exposed the shamelessness of the cribber, even of misprints and errors. 
 But he was not ashamed ! More suo the thief, having no defense, made none, and in- 
 stead proceeded to correct all the errors pointed out by Blount, and, in many subse- 
 quent editions, the quack-lexicographer reaped the reward given by a too careless 
 public. 
 
 The ancient injustice would be much manifolded in modern times, with an in- 
 tensely progressing science which demands that, if to be of the best service, new 
 editions of its word-books shall be made every few years. The system must become 
 systematic and the professing truly professional. No spasmodic, incidental, or amateur 
 methods will nowadays avail. Revisions are required, and continuous labor, not only 
 of one but of many, so that helpers, a large corps of them, must be organized, and paid. 
 Over 300 years ago a great worker in this field, one who "contrived and wrought not 
 onelie for our owne private use, but for the common profet of others," even with the 
 patronage of great men "who encouraged in this wearie worke" was grieved that 
 "the charges were so great and the losse of time " so much that he came near having 
 "never bene able alone to have wrestled against so manie troubles." Finding that 
 "his spiritual substance had vanished," old Simon Browne "took to an employment 
 which did not require a soul, and so became a dictionary-maker," piously adding that 
 we should "thank God for everything and therefore for dictionary makers." 
 
r 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN GENERAL MEDICINE 
 
 aa. 
 
 ana Of each. 
 
 A. c Ante cibum Before meals. 
 
 Abdom Abdomen The belly. 
 
 Abs. feb Absente febre When fever is absent. 
 
 Abstr Abstractum Abstract. 
 
 Ad ..Adde Add. 
 
 Ad lib Ad libitum At pleasure, as de- 
 sired. 
 
 Admov Admoveatur Let it be applied. 
 
 Ad. pond. om...Adpondus omnium. To the weight of the 
 
 whole. 
 
 Adv Adversum Against. 
 
 Aggred. feb. Aggredicnte febre. . .While fever is coming 
 
 on. 
 
 Al Aluminum Aluminum. 
 
 Alt. dieb Alternis diebus Every other day. 
 
 Alt. nor Alternis horis Every other hour. 
 
 Alv. adstrict...Alvo adstricta The bowels being con- 
 fined. 
 
 Alv. deject Alvi dejectiones The intestinal evacu- 
 ations. 
 
 Anat Anatomy. 
 
 Aq Aqua Water. 
 
 Aq. astr Aqua astricta Ice. 
 
 Aq. bull Aqua bulliens Boiling water. 
 
 Aq. com Aqua communis Common water. 
 
 Aq. dest Aqua destillata Distilled water. 
 
 Aq. ferv Aqua fervens Hot water. 
 
 Aq. font Aquafontana Spring water. 
 
 Aq. mar Aqua marina Ocean water. 
 
 Aq. pur Aqua pura Pure water. 
 
 As Arsenic. 
 
 At. wt Atomic weight. 
 
 Av Avoirdupois. 
 
 B Boron, Bowels. 
 
 Ba Barium. 
 
 B. A., or B. S Balneum arena; Sand bath. 
 
 Bals -. .Balsamum Balsam. 
 
 Be Beryllium. 
 
 Bi Bismuth. 
 
 Bib Bibe Drink. 
 
 Biol Biology. 
 
 B. i. d Bis in die Twice daily. 
 
 B. M Balneum maris Sea- water bath. 
 
 Bol Bolus A large pill. 
 
 B. p Boiling-point. 
 
 Br Bromin. 
 
 Bull Bulliat Let it boil. 
 
 B. v Balneum vaporis Vapor bath. 
 
 (V ■ n s (Carbon; Cubic; A 
 
 c {°SH- Cmtl - | j2g<- <*■*■ 
 
 Ca Calcium. 
 
 Cap Capiat Let him take. 
 
 Cc Cubic centimeter. 
 
 Cd Cadmium. 
 
 Ce Cerium. 
 
 Cel Celsius. 
 
 Cent Centigrade. 
 
 Cg Centigram . 
 
 C. m Cras mane To-morrow morning. 
 
 cm Centimeter. 
 
 p f Cras mane sumen- f To be taken to- 
 
 I dus. I morrow morning. 
 
 C. n Crasnocte To-morrow night. 
 
 Co Cobalt. 
 
 Cochl Cochleare Spoonful. 
 
 Cochl. ampl. .. " amplum...A tablespoonful. 
 
 " infant... " infantis. . .A teaspoonful. 
 
 " mag " magnum.. A tablespoonful. 
 
 Cochl. med Cochleare medium. .A dessertspoonful. 
 
 " parv. " parvum... A teaspoonful. 
 
 Col Cola Strain. 
 
 Colat Colatus Strained. 
 
 Colet Coletur Let it be strained. 
 
 Color Coloretur Let it be colored. 
 
 Comp Compositus Compound. 
 
 Cong Congius A gallon. 
 
 Cons Conserva Keep. 
 
 Contin Continuatur Let it be continued. 
 
 Cont rem I Continuetur f Let the medicine be 
 
 ' ' I remedium I continued. 
 
 Coq Coque Boil. 
 
 Cort Cortex Bark. 
 
 Crast Crastinus. For to-morrow. 
 
 Crys Crystal. 
 
 Cs Cesium. 
 
 Cu Cuprum Copper. 
 
 Cuj Cujus Of which. 
 
 C. v Cras vespere To-morrow evening. 
 
 Cyath Cyathus A glassful. _ 
 
 D Dosis; Da A dose; Give. 
 
 Decub Decubitus Lying down. 
 
 De d. in d De die in diem From day today. 
 
 Deg Degree; degeneration. 
 
 De R Reaction of degenera- 
 tion. 
 
 Destil Destilla Distil. 
 
 Det Dctur Let it be given. 
 
 Dieb. alt Diebus alternis On alternate days. 
 
 " tert " tertiis Every third day. 
 
 Dil Dilue Let it be dissolved. 
 
 Dilut Dilutus Dilute. 
 
 Dim Dimidius One-half. 
 
 Dist Distilla Distil. 
 
 Div Divide Divide. 
 
 D. in p. seq Divide in partes 
 
 aequales Divide into equal 
 
 parts. 
 
 Donee alv. sol. f Donee alvus so- f Until the bowels 
 fuerit 1 luta fuerit I are opened. 
 
 D. P Directione propria. .With a proper direc- 
 tion. 
 
 E Erbium. 
 
 Eb ' Erbium. 
 
 E.-j Elbow-jerk. 
 
 Ejusd Ejusdem Of the same. 
 
 Elec Electuarium An electuary; Elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 Emb Embryology. 
 
 Enem Enema. 
 
 Er Erbium. 
 
 Exhib Exhibeatur Let it be given. 
 
 Ext Extractum Extract. 
 
 F Fahrenheit; Fluorin. 
 
 Far Faradic. 
 
 Fe Ferrum Iron. 
 
 Feb. dur Febre durante The fever continuing. 
 
 F., Ft Fac, Fiat Make. 
 
 Filt Filtra Filter. 
 
 Fid Fluidus Fluid. 
 
 Flor Flores Flowers. 
 
 F. m Fiat mistura Make a mixture. 
 
 Fol Folia Leaves. 
 
 F. p Fiatpotio Make a potion. 
 
 F. pil Fiat pilula Make a pill. 
 
 F. s. a Fiat secundum artemPrepare skilfully. 
 
 Galv Galvanic. 
 
 Gl Glucinum. 
 
 Gm Gram. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 Gr Granum Grain. 
 
 Gtt Guttae Drops. 
 
 Guttat Guttatim By drops. 
 
 H Hydrogen. 
 
 Hg Hydrargyrum Mercury. 
 
 HI Hectoliter. 
 
 Hm Hectometer. 
 
 Hor. decub Hora decubitus At bed-time. 
 
 H. s Hora somni At bed-time. 
 
 I '. Iodum Iodin. 
 
 In Indium. 
 
 In d In die Daily. 
 
 Inf Infunde Pour in. 
 
 Inj Injectio An injection. 
 
 Ir Iridium. 
 
 K Kalium Potassium. 
 
 K.-j Knee-jerk. 
 
 Kl Kiloliter. 
 
 Km " Kilometer. 
 
 L Liter. 
 
 Li Lithium. 
 
 Liq Liquor. 
 
 M Meridies; Misce Noon; Mix. 
 
 Mac Macera Macerate. 
 
 Pill- mass. 
 
 Let a mixture be 
 made. 
 
 , Magnesium; Milli- 
 gram. 
 
 Milliliter. 
 
 , Millimeter. 
 
 pil Massa pilularum. 
 
 M. f t Mistura fiat 
 
 Ml 
 
 Mm 
 
 Mod. pre- 
 script Modo praescripto 
 
 In the manner di- 
 rected. 
 
 Mol. wt Molecular weight. 
 
 Mor. sol More solito In the usual way. 
 
 Muc Mucilago Mucilage. 
 
 Myg Myriagram. 
 
 Myl Myrialiter. 
 
 Mym Myriameter. 
 
 N Nitrogen. 
 
 Na Natrium Sodium. 
 
 Ni Nickel. 
 
 No . .Numero Number. 
 
 Noct Nocte By night. 
 
 O Octarius A pint. 
 
 01 Oleum Oil. 
 
 01. oliv Oleum olivae Olive-oil. 
 
 01. -res Oleoresina Oleoresin. 
 
 O. m Omni mane Every morning. 
 
 Omn. bih Omni bihora Every two hours. 
 
 Omn. hor Omni hora Every hour. 
 
 Omn. noct Omni nocte Every night. 
 
 Os Osmium. 
 
 Ov Ovum An egg 
 
 Oz Uncia Ounce. 
 
 P Phosphorus, Pulse. 
 
 Part, aeq Partes asquales. .....Equal parts. 
 
 Pb Plumbum Lead. 
 
 P. c Post cibum After meals. 
 
 P. C Pondus civile Avoirdupois weight. 
 
 Pd Palladium. 
 
 Phar Pharmacopeia. 
 
 Pil Pilula Pill. 
 
 Pocul Poculum A cup. 
 
 Pond Pondere By weight. 
 
 Pot Potio Potion; potassa. 
 
 Ppt Preparata Precipitate; Prepared. 
 
 P. rat. aetat Pro rata aetatis In proportion to age. 
 
 P. r. n Pro re nata When required. 
 
 Pt Pint. 
 
 Pulv Pulvis Powder. 
 
 0- d Quaterindie Four times a day. 
 
 Q. 1 Quantum libet According as re- 
 quired. 
 
 Q. p Quantum placeat...At will. 
 
 0. s " sufficit. . . A sufficient quantity. 
 
 Qt iQuart. 
 
 Q. v Quantum vis As much as you wish. 
 
 R Reaumur's thermom- 
 eter; Respiration. 
 
 V Recipe Take. 
 
 Rad Radix Root. 
 
 Rb. Rubidium. 
 
 R. D Reaction of degenera- 
 tion. 
 
 Rect Rectificatus Rectified. 
 
 Rep Repetatur Let it be repeated. 
 
 S Semis Half; Sulphur. 
 
 S Signa Label. 
 
 S. a Secundum artem.. .According to art. 
 
 Sb Stibium Antimony. 
 
 Scr Scrupulum Scruple. 
 
 Sig Signetur Let it be labeled. 
 
 Sig. n. pr Signa nomine pro- 
 
 prio Label with common 
 
 name. 
 
 Sing Singulorum Of each. 
 
 Si non val Si non valeat If it does not answer. 
 
 Si op. sit Si opus sit If requisite. 
 
 Solv .' . Solve Dissolve. 
 
 Sp., or Spir Spiritus Spirit. 
 
 Sp. gr Specific gravity. 
 
 Ss Semi, semissis One-half. 
 
 St Stet Let it stand. 
 
 Su Sumat Let him take. 
 
 S. v Spiritus vini Alcoholic spirit. 
 
 S. v. r Spiritus vini 
 
 rectificatus Rectified spirit of 
 
 wine. 
 
 S. v. t Spiritus vini tenuis. .Dilute alcohol, proof- 
 spirit. 
 
 Syr ..Syrupus Syrup. 
 
 T Temperature. 
 
 T. d Terindie Three times a day. 
 
 Tr., Tinct Tinctura Tincture. 
 
 Ung Unguentum Ointment. 
 
 Ur Urine. 
 
 Vesic Vesicatorium A blister. 
 
 V. s. b Venesectio brachii. .Bleeding from the 
 
 arm. 
 
 Wt • Weight. 
 
 TT| Minimum Minim. 
 
 5 Drachma Dram. 
 
 3 Scrupulum Scruple. 
 
 5 Uncia Ounce. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS THAT SHOULD ONLY BE USED UNDER HEADINGS, OR 
 WITH A CONTEXT, RENDERING THE MEANING OBVIOUS— Ewart 
 
 Bctasis 
 Brhea 
 Btis . . * ' 
 G. K.... 
 G. P.... 
 
 \ 
 
 Names of Diseases. 
 
 Bronchiectasis. 
 
 Bronchorrhea. 
 
 Bronchitis. 
 
 Granular Kidney. 
 
 General Paralysis. 
 
 Phth., or <pe, or Phthisis. 
 
 " na Pneumonia. 
 
 " nX Pneumothorax. 
 
 Rll c F Rheumatic Fever. 
 
 Rh sm Rheumatism. 
 
 Set F Scarlet Fever. 
 
 Syph., or <rv<$> Syphilis. 
 
 Names of Regions or Organs. 
 
 ClaV 1 " Clavicular. 
 
 I. C. F Infraclavicular Fossa. 
 
 InlraSC 1 " Infrascapular. 
 
 lntersc 1- Interscapular. 
 
 Mamy Mammary. 
 
 S. C. F Supraclavicular Fossa. 
 
 Sp. C Spinal Cord. 
 
 S. S. F Supraspinous Fossa. 
 
 V. C. or V. B Vocal Bands. 
 
 c/ 
 
 Names of Signs and Symptoms. 
 Cough. 
 
Cephgia Cephalalgia. 
 
 He e Hemorrhage. 
 
 Ns 13 - Neuralgia. 
 
 N. S Night-sweats. 
 
 Spm Sputum. 
 
 T Tongue. 
 
 Vg Vomiting. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 V* Vomit. 
 
 In Physical Examination, Etc. 
 
 H. C Humid Crepitations. 
 
 R. S Respiratory Sound. 
 
 V. F Vocal Fremitus. 
 
 V. S Voice-sounds. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 
 
 Ace Accommodation. 
 
 Ah Hyperopic Astigmatism. 
 
 Am Myopic Astigmatism. 
 
 As Astigmatism. 
 
 Ax Axis. 
 
 B. D Base (of prism) down. 
 
 B.I " " " in. 
 
 B. " " " out. 
 
 B.U " " " up. 
 
 cm Centimeter. 
 
 Cyl Cylinder, Cylindric Lens. 
 
 D Diopter. 
 
 E Emmetropia, Emmetropic. 
 
 F Formula. 
 
 H Hyperopia, Hyperopic, Horizontal. 
 
 L. E Left Eye. 
 
 M Myopia. Myopic. 
 
 mm Millimeter. 
 
 0. D Oculus dexter — Right Eye. 
 
 0. S Oculus sinister — Left Eye. 
 
 P. p Punctum proximum. Xear Point. 
 
 P. r Punctum remotum. Far Point. 
 
 R. E Right Eye. 
 
 Sph Spheric, Spheric Lens. 
 
 Sym Symmetric. 
 
 V Vision, Visual Acuity. Vertical. 
 
 -f . — . = Plus. Minus, Equal to. 
 
 tx Infinity, 20 ft. distance. 
 
 C Combined with. 
 
 .Degree. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OTOLOGY 
 
 a Applied to or in contact with Auricle. 
 
 A. C Air-conduction. 
 
 A. D Auris dextra — Right Ear. 
 
 A. S Auris sinistra — Left Ear. 
 
 B. C Bone-conduction. 
 
 c Contact. 
 
 d Dentes — applied to Teeth. 
 
 F Tuning-fork. 
 
 gl Glabella — applied to Forehead. 
 
 h Hearing Power. 
 
 L Left Ear . 
 
 m Applied to Mastoid. 
 
 Meat. And. Ext.; M. 
 
 E External Auditory Meatus. 
 
 Meat. Aud. Int. ; M. I. Internal Auditory Meatus. 
 
 Men. dis Meniere's disease. 
 
 M. flac Membrana flaccida; Shrapnell's 
 
 membrane. 
 
 M. T. ; Mt Membrana tympani. 
 
 Myring Myringitis. 
 
 Complete Lack of Perception of 
 
 Sound. 
 
 ot. ext. ac Otitis externa acuta. 
 
 ot. ext. chron Otitis externa chronica. 
 
 ot. ext. diff Otitis externa diffusa. 
 
 ot. med. sup. ac Otitis media suppurativa acuta. 
 
 ot. med. sup. chron. .Otitis media suppurativa chronica. 
 
 Pol Politzer's. 
 
 Pol. Ac Politzer's Acoumeter. 
 
 R Right Ear. 
 
 S Susurrus — a Whisper. 
 
 / Applied to Temple. 
 
 Tymp Tympanum. 
 
 ub Ubique — when applied at all points. 
 
 v Voice. 
 
 V Applied to Vertex. 
 
 vib Vibration. 
 
 z Applied to Zvgoma. 
 
 ' Foot. 
 
 " Inches. 
 
 "00 Heard, but not Understood. 
 
 — R Rhine's Test Positive. 
 
 — R Rinne's Test Negative. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS 
 
 A., or An Anode. 
 
 Amp Ampere. 
 
 A. C Anodal Closing. 
 
 A. C. C Anodal Closure Contraction. 
 
 A. C. Anodal Closing Odor. 
 
 A. C. P Anodal Closing Picture. 
 
 A. C. S Anodal Closing Sound. 
 
 A. D Anodal Duration. 
 
 A. D. C Anodal Duration Contraction. 
 
 A. M Ampere-meter. 
 
 A. Anodal Opening. 
 
 A. 0. C Anodal Opening Contraction. 
 
 A. 0. Anodal Opening Odor. 
 
 A. 0. P Anodal Opening Picture. 
 
 A. 0. S Anodal Opening Sound. 
 
 B Magnetic Induction. 
 
 B. A. U British Association Unit. 
 
 C Centigrade; Current; Cathode. 
 
 C C Cathodal Closure. 
 
 C. C. C Cathodal Closure Contraction. 
 
 C. C C." Various Degrees of Contraction. 
 
 C. C. T Cathodal Closing Tetanus. 
 
 C. G. S. Units Centimeter-gram-second Units. 
 
 C. Cathodal Opening. 
 
 C. 0. C Cathodal Opening Contraction. 
 
 C. S Current-strength. 
 
 D Duration - Density. 
 
 De. R Reaction of Degeneration. 
 
 E Earth; Electromotive Force. 
 
 E. M. D.P Electromotive Difference of Po- 
 tential. 
 
 E. M. F Electromotive Force. 
 
 F. M Field Magnet. 
 
 H Horizontal Intensity of the Earth's 
 
 Magnetism; One Unit of Self- 
 induction. 
 
 H Intensity of Magnetic Force. 
 
 I Intensity of Magnetism. 
 
 J Joule. 
 
 K Electrostatic Capacity. 
 
 K '. Kathode. 
 
 Kl Klang (sound) . 
 
 K. C Kathodal Closing. 
 
 K. C. C Kathodal Closing Contraction. 
 
 K. C. T Kathodal Closing Tetanus. 
 
 K. D Kathodal Duration (or Period of 
 
 Closure of Circuit). 
 
 K. D. C Kathodal Duration Contraction. 
 
 K. D. T Kathodal Duration Tetanus. 
 
 K. W Kilo-watt. 
 
 L Inductance (Coefficient of) ; Length. 
 
 M Strength of Pole. 
 
 Ma Milliampere. 
 
 Mf d Microfarad. 
 
 N North Pole. 
 
XIV 
 
 O Opening of Circuit. 
 
 P. D Potential Difference. 
 
 Q Electric Quantity. 
 
 R Ohmic Resistance. 
 
 S SouthPole. 
 
 T Time. 
 
 Te Tetanic Contraction. 
 
 U Unit. 
 
 V Volume; Velocity. 
 
 v Volt. 
 
 V. A Voltaic Alternative. 
 
 V. M Volt-meter. 
 
 W Work; Weight; Watt. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 Z Contraction (Zuckung). 
 
 Z. Z/ Z." Increasing Strengths of Contraction. 
 
 k Magnetic Susceptibility. 
 
 ju, Magnetic Permeability. 
 
 co Ohm. 
 
 p Specific Resistance. 
 
 ii Megohm (one-millionth part of an 
 
 ohm). 
 
 Mil- Battery. 
 
 + Anode or Positive Pole. 
 
 — Kathode or Negative Pole. 
 
 > Greater than, as K > A. 
 
 < Less than. 
 
 
 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY 
 
 Am- indicates the group NH 2 . 
 
 Azo-, diazo-, and hydrazo- indicate compounds in which 
 nitrogen atoms are linked in various ways. 
 
 Di- is applied as a prefix to signify two. 
 
 Im- indicates the group NH. 
 
 Ket- indicates the molecule CO in certain structual re- 
 lations. 
 
 Mon- is employed as a prefix to signify one. 
 
 Nitro- indicates the group NO2. 
 
 Pent- is applied as a prefix to signify five. 
 
 per- denotes in a rather vague sense an indefinitely large 
 amount of the body to which it is prefixed, or to 
 which it is referred. 
 
 Sesqui- indicates the proportion of two to three. 
 
 Sub- is employed in a rather vague sense to indicate defi- 
 ciency of the body to which it is prefixed. 
 
 Tetr- is applied as a prefix to signify four. 
 
 Thio- indicates sulphur, especially replacing oxygen. 
 
 Tri- (sometimes " ter-") is applied as a prefix to signify three. 
 
 -al indicates aldehydic structure. 
 
 -an is applied to a class of bodies related to the starch and 
 sugar group. 
 
 -ane indicates a saturated hydrocarbon. _ 
 
 -ase indicates an enzyme, or non-organized ferment, e. g., 
 diastase. This termination is at present restricted 
 generally to enzymes of vegetable origin, but it 
 should also be used with animal enzymes — which, 
 however, usually end in "in." It would thus be 
 better to say pepsase and trypsase, rather than pepsin 
 and trypsin. 
 
 -ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying any salt 
 formed by an acid acting on a base; e. g., sulphate, 
 phosphate. 
 
 -ic denotes the higher of two valencies assumed by an ele- 
 ment, and incidentally in- many cases a larger amount 
 of oxygen. 
 
 -in is of no precise significance, and is mostly applied to 
 bodies the structure of which is not yet known. 
 
 -yl, -ene, -enyl, and -ine indicate hydrocarbons. Ac- 
 cording to the American system of orthography, the 
 only case in which " ine" is used is as a termination 
 for a series of hydrocarbons, beginning with Ethine, 
 C2H2. English writers and some American chemists 
 use it to signify basic properties, regarding -in as 
 the proper term for non-basic bodies. They thus 
 distinguish between salicin, which forms no salts 
 with acids, and morphin (which under such system 
 is spelled "morphine"), which does. It must be 
 noted that such methods are not in accordance with 
 the tendency of modern chemic nomenclature, which 
 seeks to express structure, not properties. The 
 organic bases or alkaloids are not all of the same 
 type, and when their structure is elucidated syste- 
 matic names will be found for them. Until then 
 there is no particular gain in indicating them a- c a 
 group. 
 
 -id is similar to "in." 
 
 -ol indicates alcoholic structure, i. e., presence of the group 
 HO (hydroxyl), e. g., alcohol, glycerol, phenol. 
 
 -one is applied to bodies related to the starches and sugars. 
 It is, however, not used with this significance in ' ' pep- 
 tone," which word is not formed according to any 
 established system. 
 
 -ose indicates a carbohydrate, e. g., gluccse, although it is 
 also occasionally applied to the results of digestion of 
 proteids, e. g., albumose. 
 
 -ous denotes the lower of two degrees of valency assumed 
 by an element and incidentally indicates, in many 
 cases, a small amount of oxygen. 
 
 The word sulphonic indicates the group HSO3. 
 
 SIGNS, ABBREVIATIONS, ETC., USED IN DESCRIPTIVE ZOOLOGY AND 
 
 BOTANY 
 
 ) 
 
 o Feet. 
 
 ' Inches. 
 
 " Lines; each one-twelfth of an inch 
 
 or about two millimeters. 
 
 ! A mark of affirmation or authenti- 
 cation. 
 
 ? A mark of doubt. 
 
 - Figures or words separated by a 
 
 short dash indicate the extremes 
 of variation, as 5-10" long, few- 
 many flowered; i. e., varying 
 from 5 to 10 lines in length, and 
 .^ with few to many flowers. 
 
 Cc Cubic centimeter. 
 
 cm Centimeter. 
 
 mm Millimeter. 
 
 /a The Micron, Micromillimeter, or 
 
 unit of Microscopic Measurement. 
 For convenience of reference, the 
 following table of comparative 
 measurements is given: — 
 
 ix Inches, ju. r Inches. Inches' 
 
 1 000039 6 000236 lobirs ■ 
 
 2 000079 7 000276 TT^-TT 
 
 3 000118 8 000315 j 
 
 4 000157 9 000354 is<* 253.9972 
 
 5 000197 10.. ..000394 One Meter. .39.370432 in. 
 
 2-5399 
 25-3997 
 
 X Used to express magnification, thus 
 
 Xiooo indicates a magnification 
 of 1000 diameters. The im- 
 proper fraction 1J) T - - indicates the 
 same thing, but is rarely used. 
 
 @ An annual Herb. 
 
 @\ A biennial Herb. 
 
 <y A perennial Herb. 
 
 £5 An Undershrub, deciduous. 
 
 t} An Undershrub, evergreen. 
 
 £y A Shrub, deciduous. 
 
 *j A Shrub, evergreen. 
 
 t A Tree, deciduous. 
 
 *j A Tree, evergreen. 
 
 ^ An herbaceous Vine, annual or 
 
 * biennial. 
 
 •fo A woody Vine, deciduous. 
 
 •£> A woody Vine, evergreen. 
 
 |^ „ A trailing Herb, annual or biennial. 
 
 \^ A trailing Herb, perennial. 
 
 aw An aquatic plant. 
 
 5 Flowers perfect. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 tf A male animal, or a plant or flower 
 
 bearing only stamens or antheridia. 
 
 5 A female animal or a plant or flower 
 
 bearing only pistils or archegonia. 
 
 Q A young animal of undetermined 
 
 sex, thus c?o, young male, or $yg 
 for young female, but Qjuv (ju- 
 venis, young). 
 
 A monocarpic plant. 
 
 0= Cotyledons accumbent. 
 
 OH Cotyledons incumbent. 
 
 § A plant introduced and naturalized. 
 
 •j- A plant cultivated for ornament. 
 
 J* * " A plant cultivated for use. 
 
 8 Monecious. 
 
 c? 9 - - Diecious. 
 
 cf § 9 Polygamus. 
 
 o Wanting or none. 
 
 oo Numerous or indefinite; more than 
 
 twenty when applied to stamens. 
 
 <t The microsecond represents .ooi 
 
 second or the unit of time in 
 experiments or pghcophysic re- 
 actions. 
 
 Author's names are abbreviated in the following Manner: — 
 
 Ait., Aiton. Bech., Bechstein. Cham., Chamisso. 
 Dum., Dumeril, etc. 
 
 Nupt, signifies in ornithology, breeding plumage. 
 
 hornot, means a bird of the year. 
 
 -aceas, a suffix used in botany to designate a family, the 
 name chosen being one of the principal genera. 
 Ex., Rosa, Rosacea, -Ranunculus, Ranunculacece. 
 Cf., icece, ides, inece, ece. 
 
 -ana, preferably used as a suffix to the name of a species 
 around which others naturally cluster, in the naming 
 of subsections or groups of species; e. g., the group 
 of species of Helix related to H. pomatia may be 
 indicated by the term Pomatiana. 
 
 -ensis, a termination given to the names of species only 
 when derived from the name of their habitat; e. g., 
 Taenia madagascariensis, Daphne chinensis, Dra- 
 caena brasiliensis. 
 
 Eu-, employed as a prefix in forming the names of genera, 
 subgenera, or sections of genera before a Greek 
 derivative. 
 
 Excl. gen., exclusit genus. 
 
 Excl. sps., exclusit species. 
 
 Excl. var., exclusit varietas, when following an onym, indi- 
 cates that the group has undergone revision, and the 
 name does not cover the original ground to the ex- 
 tent indicated. 
 
 -ia, -ius, -ica, -icus, -ina. -inus, -ita, -itus, terminations 
 used in making specific names which are derived 
 from the name of a river or other body of water, a 
 province, a country, or a kingdom; e. g., arabicus. 
 
 -iceae, -ideae, -ineae, suffixes used in botany to designate a 
 family when the name taken ends in Latin -ix or -is 
 (genitive iris, idis, iscis); e. g., Salicinece from Salix, 
 Berberidece from Berberis, Tamariscinece from 
 Tamarix. 
 
 -eae, as a rule, these suffixes, together with ece, are em- 
 ployed to designate botanic sub-families, tribes, and 
 sub-tribes; e. g., Rosece from Rosa. 
 
 -idas, -inae, the suffixes added to the name of the earliest 
 known or most characteristic genus to designate 
 
 zoologic families or sub-families; e. g., Sfrix, 
 Strigis, Strigidcs, Bucerotis, Bucerolidce. 
 
 -ites, -itis, frequently employed to designate fossil organ- 
 isms analogous to the living form whose generic 
 name is the radical to which ites is appended. They 
 are rarely used with specific names. 
 
 Mutatis char., mutatis characleris, when following a 
 specific name signifies a change in the diagnostic 
 characters of a species. 
 
 -astrum, -oidea or -oides, -oidalis, -oideum, -opsis, 
 terminations employed in forming generic, sub- 
 generic, or specific names after a Greek derivative. 
 Bourguinat suggests that astrum be reserved to be 
 appended to the name of a genus to indicate its 
 typical sub-division. Opsis and oides should be 
 reserved for sub-divisions of a genus which resemble 
 another genus, by adding them to the name of that 
 other genus when it is of Greek origin. 
 
 -oides is preferably reserved for specific names of Greek or 
 barbarous (never Latin) origin. 
 
 (a) When the radical of the specific name is the name 
 of a genus which it resembles, e. g., Salix myriilloides, 
 Bupleurum ranunculoides, Malva abutiloides, Thuja 
 cupressoides. 
 
 (b) When the radical is the name of another species 
 which the new one resembles. Helix carascaloidcs, 
 a species like H. carascalersis. 
 
 (c) When the radical of the specific name is a Greek 
 word signifying an animal, organ, part, object, as 
 Potenttlla arachnoidea, Frenanthcs deltoidea, Jun- 
 germannia zobpsis, ichthyoides, rhomboidale, pteri- 
 goideus, paraboloides, dendroideus. 
 
 Only one apparent exception to the compounding of Greek 
 and Latin has been consecrated by usage; viz.: 
 ovoides from ovum and eifios; this has arisen from 
 the absence of euphony in the correct form, ooides 
 (coov, and eiSo?). 
 
 pro-parte, for a part, when following a specific name indi- 
 cates that since its first application the group has been 
 revised. 
 
 Pseudo-, a prefix employed in forming specific names before 
 a Greek derivative. 
 
 -pteris, a termination frequently employed in the generic 
 names of ferns, for the purpose of recalling the af- 
 finities of the genus. 
 
 Sp. (i) In zoology, abbreviation of species, written when the 
 specific name is not known or is wanting, or if placed 
 after the name of the authority, as Crania craniolaris, 
 Linne sp., indicates that Linne is only to be credited 
 with the specific name. 
 (2) In botany, species or specimen. 
 
 Sub-, a prefix employed in forming specific names before a 
 Latin derivative. It may also be used in designating 
 a new species before the name of another with which 
 the first was in intimate relation. It is also used in 
 the sense of nearly, less, somewhat, slightly. It has, 
 moreover, a few legitimate Latin compounds which 
 may be used for specific names; e. g., sublerraneus, 
 subalpinus-a-um, subcurrens, subcutaneus, sub- 
 dimidiatus, subjectus, submersus, subroiundus, sub- 
 stratus. 
 
 Sub-sp., subspecies. 
 
 gen., genus. 
 
 var., variety, placed before the name of a plant or an ani- 
 mal indicates that it is a hybrid of doubtful origin. 
 
 SUNDRY 
 
 Adj Adjective. 
 
 Adv Adverb. 
 
 Am American. 
 
 Arab Arabic. 
 
 A. S Anglo-Saxon. 
 
 Bot Botany, Botanic. 
 
 B. Ph British Pharmacopeia. 
 
 Celt Celtic. 
 
 Cf Confer, See. 
 
 Chem Chemistry, Chemic. 
 
 Colloq Colloquial. 
 
 Comp Compounded, Compound. 
 
 Dim Diminutive. 
 
 (■■ g Exempli gratia, For example. 
 
 Elec Electricity. 
 
 Eng English. 
 
 Etym Etymology, Etymologic. 
 
 / Feminine. 
 
 Fr French. 
 
 Geog Geography, Geographic. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 Geol Geology, Geologic. 
 
 Geom Geometry, Geometric. 
 
 Ger German. 
 
 G. Ph German Pharmacopeia. 
 
 Gr Greek. 
 
 Heb Hebrew. 
 
 Hind Hindustani. 
 
 Ichth Ichthyology. 
 
 i. e id est, that is. 
 
 It Italian. 
 
 L., or Lat Latin. 
 
 Masc Masculine. 
 
 Math Mathematics. 
 
 Med Medicine, Medical. 
 
 M. E Middle English. 
 
 N. F National Formulary. 
 
 Nat. Hist Natural History. 
 
 Neg Negative. 
 
 Obs Obsolete. 
 
 0. F Old French. 
 
XVI 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 Ophth Ophthalmology, Ophthalmologic. 
 
 Path Pathology, Pathologic. 
 
 Phil Philosophy, Philosophic. 
 
 Phys Physiology, Physiologic. 
 
 pi Plural. 
 
 priv Privative. 
 
 Pron Pronounced, Pronunciation. 
 
 q.v Quod vide, Which see. 
 
 Sax Saxon. 
 
 Sing Singular. 
 
 Sp Spanish. 
 
 Surg Surgery, Surgical. 
 
 Unof Unofficial. 
 
 U. S. Ph United States Pharmacopeia. 
 
 v.. Verb. 
 
 V. i Intransitive verb. 
 
 vide See.^ 
 
 v. t Transitive verb. 
 
 Zool Zoology, Zoologic. 
 
 DEGREES, DIPLOMAS, AND QUALIFICATIONS 
 
 a.a.s 
 
 A. B. orB.A... 
 A. M 
 
 C. M 
 
 D. D. S 
 
 D. P.H 
 
 D. S. M 
 
 D.S.S 
 
 F.B. S 
 
 F. B. S. Ed... 
 
 F.C. S 
 
 F.E. S 
 
 F. F. P. S. G 
 
 F. K. Q. C. P. I. 
 
 F.L.S 
 
 F. R. C. P. L... 
 
 F. R. C. P. Ed.. 
 
 F. R. C. P. I.... 
 
 F. R. C. S. E... 
 
 F. R. C.S.Ed.... 
 
 F. R. C.S.I 
 
 F. R. S 
 
 F.R.S.E 
 
 F. R. S. L 
 
 L. A. H 
 
 L. D. S 
 
 L.F.P. S. G 
 
 L.K. Q. C. P. I.. 
 
 .Fellow of the American Academy. 
 
 .Bachelor of Arts. 
 
 .Master of Arts. 
 
 .Master in Surgery. 
 
 .Doctor of Dental Surgery. 
 
 .Diploma in Public Health. 
 
 .Diploma in State Medicine. 
 
 .Diploma in Sanitary Science. 
 
 .Fellow of the Botanical Society. 
 
 .Fdlow Botanical Society of Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 .Fellow of the Chemical Society. 
 
 .Fellow of the Entomological Society. 
 
 .Fellow of the Faculty of Physicians 
 and Surgeons of Glasgow. 
 
 ..Fellow of the King and Queen's 
 College of Physicians of Ireland. 
 
 . Fellow of the Linnsan Society. 
 
 ..Fellow of the Royal College of 
 Physicians of London. 
 
 .Fellow of the Royal College of 
 Physicians of Edinburgh. 
 
 .Fellow of the Royal College of 
 Physicians of Ireland 
 
 ..Fellow of the Royal College of 
 Surgeons of England. 
 
 ..Fellow of the Royal College of Sur- 
 geons of Edinburgh. 
 
 .Fellow of the Royal College of Sur- 
 geons in Ireland. 
 
 .Fellow of the Royal Society. 
 
 .Fellow of the Royal Society of Edin- 
 burgh. 
 
 . .Fellow of the Royal Society of Lon- 
 don. 
 
 ..Licentiate of the Apothecaries' 
 Hall, Dublin. 
 
 . .Licentiate in Dental Surgery. 
 
 . .Licentiate of the Faculty of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons of Glasgow. 
 
 ..Licentiate of the King and Queen's 
 College of Physicians of Ireland. 
 
 LL.B 
 
 LL.D 
 
 L. R. C. P. L... 
 
 L. R. C. P. Ed.. 
 
 L. R. C. S. Ed.. 
 
 L. R. C. S. I.... 
 
 L. S. A 
 
 L. S. S 
 
 M. A 
 
 M. B 
 
 M. D 
 
 M. K. Q. C.P. I. 
 
 M. P. S 
 
 M. R. C. C 
 
 M. R. 
 M. R. 
 
 C. P. L.. 
 C.P.Ed. 
 C. P. I... 
 C. S. E.. 
 C. S. Ed, 
 C. S. I... 
 
 C. V. s.. 
 
 M.S.. 
 Ph.B. 
 Ph.D. 
 
 V.S... 
 
 ...Bachelor of Laws. 
 
 . . . Doctor of Laws. 
 
 . . . Licentiate of the Royal College of 
 
 Physicians of London. 
 . . . Licentiate of the Royal College of 
 
 Physicians of Edinburgh. 
 Licentiate of the Royal College of 
 
 Surgeons of Edinburgh. 
 
 — Licentiate of the Royal College of 
 
 Surgeons in Ireland. 
 . . . Licentiate of the Apothecaries' 
 Society of London. 
 
 — Licentiate in Sanitary Science. 
 . . . Master of Arts. 
 
 . . .Bachelor of Medicine. 
 . . . Doctor of Medicine . 
 Member of the King and Queen's 
 
 College of Physicians of Ireland. 
 Member of the Pharmaceutical 
 
 Society. 
 ...Member Royal College of Chemis- 
 try. 
 Member of the Royal College of 
 
 Physicians of London. 
 Member of the Royal College of 
 
 Physicians of Edinburgh. 
 Member of the Royal College of 
 
 Physicians of Ireland. 
 Member of the Royal College of 
 
 Surgeons of England. 
 ...Member of the Royal College of 
 
 Surgeons of Edinburgh. 
 ...Member of the Royal College of 
 
 Surgeons in Ireland. 
 . . . Member of the Royal College of 
 
 Veterinary Surgeons. 
 . . .Master in Surgery. 
 . . .Bachelor of Philosophy. 
 . . .Doctor of Philosophy. 
 Veterinary Surgeon. 
 
 \ 
 
THE PRACTITIONERS' 
 MEDICAL DICTIONARY 
 
 A [d, dv, or apt, without], i. The Greek letter 
 alpha, called alpha privative, equivalent to 
 the prefix un- or in-. It denotes absence or 
 want of the thing or quality expressed by 
 the root of the word. 2. Symbol of argon. 
 
 Aa [dvd, of each]. An abbreviation, written 
 da, used in prescriptions to denote repetition 
 of the same quantity for each item. 
 
 Ab [ab, from]. A Latin preposition signifying 
 from. 
 
 Abaca {ab'-ak-ah; ' Sp. pron., ah-vah-kah'). 
 Manila hemp ; also Musa textilis, the plant 
 which produces it. See Hemp. 
 
 Abadie's Sign. Spasm of the levator palpe- 
 brae superioris in exophthalmic goiter. 
 
 Abaptiston (ah-bap-tis* '-ton) [d, priv.; fidit- 
 rcaroc, immersed]. A trephine so shaped 
 that penetration of the brain is impossible. 
 
 Abarthrosis (ab-ar-thro'-sis) [ab, from; ar- 
 throsis, a joint]. Same as Diarthrosis or 
 Abarticulation. 
 
 Abarticular {ab-ar-tik' -u-lar) [ab, from; artic- 
 ulus, joint]. Not connected with or not 
 situated near a joint. 
 
 Abarticulation {ab-ar-tik-u-la' -shun) [ab, from; 
 articulatio, joint]. 1. Same as Diarthrosis; 
 sometimes also a synonym of Synarthrosis. 
 2. A luxation. 
 
 Abasia {ah-ba' -ze-ah) [a, priv.; (laocc, a step]. 
 Motor incoordination in walking. See As- 
 tasia. A. atactica, a form marked by awk- 
 wardness and uncertainty of movement. A., 
 Choreic, that due to choreic cramps in the 
 legs. A., Paralytic, that form in which the 
 legs give way under the weight of the body 
 and walking is impossible. A., Paroxysmal 
 Trepidant, a form of astasia-abasia (q. v.) in 
 which trepidation similar to that of spastic 
 paraplegia stiffens the legs and prevents walk- 
 ing. A., Trembling, incapacity to walk on 
 account of trembling of the legs. 
 
 Abasic {ah-ba'-sik) [see Abasic]. Pertaining to, 
 or affected with, abasia. 
 
 Abaxial (ab-ak r -se-al) [ab, from; axis, an axle]. 
 Not situated in the line of the axis. 
 
 Abbe's Catgut Rings. Rings composed of 8 
 or 10 turns of heavy catgut in the shape of 
 an oval, with inside diameter of two inches, 
 2 
 
 for use in intestinal anastomosis. A.'s Con- 
 denser, A.'s Illuminator, a system of lenses 
 attached to a microscope for condensing the 
 light upon an object. A.'s, Lenses, Apo- 
 chromatic. See Apochromatic Lens. A.'s 
 Operation, lateral anastomosis of intestine 
 with catgut rings. A.'s Test-plate, an in- 
 strument for testing microscopic objectives 
 for spheric and chromatic aberration, com- 
 posed of a microscopic slide with 6 cover- 
 glasses ranging from 0.09 to 0.024 mm - thick, 
 silvered on one side. Delicate, parallel, ruled 
 lines are cut through the silver film, thus 
 making a kind of micrometer with trans- 
 parent rulings. 
 Abdomen (ab-do'-men) [abdere, to hide]. The 
 large inferior cavity of the trunk, extending 
 from the birm of the pelvis to the diaphragm, 
 and bounded in front and at the sides by 
 the lower ribs and abdominal muscles, and 
 behind by the vertebral column, the psoas 
 and the quadratus lumborum muscles. It 
 is artificially divided into 9 regions by 
 two circular lines, the upper parallel with 
 the cartilages of the ninth ribs, the lower 
 with the iliac crests, and by two lines from 
 the cartilages of the eighth rib to the cen- 
 ter of Poupart's ligament. The regions thus 
 formed are, above, the right hypochondriac, 
 the epigastric, and the left hypochondriac; 
 in the middle, the right lumbar, umbilical, 
 and left lumbar; and below, the right in- 
 guinal, the hypogastric, and the left inguinal. 
 A., Accordion, Kaplan's term for a swell- 
 ing of the abdomen attended with flatten- 
 ing of the arch of the diaphragm and in- 
 creased respiration. It is not due to the 
 presence of gas nor to tumor, and disap- 
 pears under anesthesia; nervous pseudotym- 
 pany. A., Boat-shaped, A., Carinate. See 
 under Scaphoid. A. obstipum, congenital 
 shortening of the rectus abdominis muscle. 
 A., Pendulous, a relaxed condition of the 
 abdominal walls in which the latter hang 
 down over the pubis. A., Scaphoid. See 
 under Scaphoid. A., Uncinate, one in which 
 the terminal segments and those next to them 
 are turned under the others, 
 
ABDOMINAL 
 
 ABERRATION 
 
 Abdominal {ab-dom' -in-aV) [abdomen]. Per- 
 taining to or connected with the abdomen. 
 A. Aneurysm. See Aneurysm. A. Aorta, 
 the part of the aorta below the diaphragm. 
 A. Aponeurosis. See Aponeurosis. A. 
 Bandage. See A. Binder. A. Binder, a 
 broad bandage of muslin or flannel applied 
 to the abdomen for making pressure after 
 delivery or after an operation. Sometimes 
 a many-tailed bandage is used. A. Brain, 
 the solar plexus. A. Breathing. See A. 
 Respiration. A. Cavity, the cavity within 
 the peritoneum. A. Compress, a form of 
 local pack, made by forming folds of a coarse 
 linen towel of sufficient breadth to reach from 
 the ensiform cartilage to the pubis; one of 
 the folds is then wrung out of cold water, 
 applied, and the remainder is rolled around 
 the body so as to retain it in position. A. 
 Dropsy, ascites. A. Gestation. See Preg- 
 nancy, Extrauterine. A. Hysteria, a hys- 
 teric condition simulating peritonitis, in 
 which the abdomen becomes extremely pain- 
 ful to the touch, swollen, and distended with 
 gas. A. Line, the linea alba. A. Muscles, 
 the internal and external obliques, the trans- 
 versalis, rectus, pyramidalis, and quadratus 
 lumborum. A. Press. See Prelum abdo- 
 minale. A. Reflex. See Reflexes. A. 
 
 Abdominal Regions. 
 
 Regions. See Abdomeyi. A. Respiration, 
 
 respiration carried on chiefly by the dia- 
 phragm and abdominal muscles. A. Ring, 
 External, a triangular opening in the fibers 
 of the aponeurosis of the external oblique 
 muscle, transmitting the spermatic cord of the 
 male and the round ligament of the female. 
 A. Ring, Internal, an oval aperture in the 
 fascia transversalis that transmits the sper- 
 matic cord of the male and the round liga- 
 ment of the female. A. Section. See Celi- 
 otomy. A. Surgery, the branch of surgery 
 that deals with the lesions of the abdom- 
 
 inal viscera and the operations performed 
 upon them through incisions in the abdom- 
 inal walls. A. Typhus, enteric fever. 
 
 Abdominoanterior (ab-dom-in-o-an-te' -re-or) . 
 Having the belly forward (used of the fetus 
 in the womb). 
 
 Abdominogenital {ab-dom-in-o-jen 1 -it-al) . Re- 
 lating to the abdomen and the genitalia. 
 A. Nerve, Inferior, the ilioinguinal nerve. 
 A. Nerve, Superior, the iliohypogastric 
 nerve. 
 
 Abdominoposterior {ab-dom-in-o-pos-te' -re-or) . 
 Having the belly toward the mother's back 
 (used of the fetus in the womb). 
 
 Abdominoscrotal (ab-dom-in-o-skro'-tal). Re- 
 lating to the abdomen and the scrotum. A. 
 Muscle, the cremaster muscle. 
 
 Abdominothoracic (ab-dom-in-o-tho-ras'-ik). 
 Relating to the abdomen and thorax. 
 
 Abdomino vesical (ab-dom-in-o-vcs'-ik-al). Re- 
 lating to the abdomen and the urinary blad- 
 der. A. Pouch, a fold of the peritoneum in 
 which are comprised the urachal fossas. 
 
 Abducens {ab-du' -senz) [L., "leading away"]. 
 A term applied to certain muscles, or their 
 nerves, that draw the related part from the 
 median line of the body. Also, the sixth 
 pair of nerves supplying the external recti 
 of the eyes. A. oculi, the external rectus 
 muscle of the eye. 
 
 Abduct (ab-dukf) [abducere, to lead away]. To 
 draw away from the median line. 
 
 Abduction {ab-duk' -shun) [ab, from; ducere, 
 to lead], i. The withdrawal of a part from 
 the axis of the body. 2. The recession or 
 separation from each other of the parts of a 
 fractured bone. 
 
 Abductor {ab-duk' -tor). See Abducens. 
 
 Abernethy's Fascia. The subperitoneal areo- 
 lar tissue that separates the external iliac 
 artery from the iliac fascia overlying the 
 psoas. A.'s Sarcoma, a circumscribed fatty 
 tumor found, chiefly on the trunk. 
 
 Aberrant {ab-er'-ant) [ab, from; errare, to 
 wander]. Deviating from the normal or 
 regular type in appearance, structure, course, 
 etc., as the aberrant duct of the testis or liver, 
 aberrant arteries, etc. 
 
 Aberration {ab-er-a' -shun) [see Aberrant]. 
 Deviation from the normal; mental de- 
 rangement; fetal malformation ; vicarious 
 menstruation; escape of the fluids of the 
 body by an unnatural channel. In optics, 
 any imperfection of focalization or refrac- 
 tion of a lens. A., Chromatic, the dis- 
 persion arising from unequal refraction of 
 light of different parts of the spectrum. The 
 violet rays, being more refrangible than the 
 red rays, are brought to a focus nearer the 
 lens, and the image is surrounded by a halo 
 of colors. A., Dioptric. See A., Spheric. 
 A., Distantial, indistinct vision due to dis- 
 tance. A., Lateral, a deviation of a ray in 
 any direction from the axis measured in the 
 focal plane perpendicularly to the axis. A., 
 Longitudinal, a deviation of a ray from the 
 focus, measured along the axis above or be- 
 
ABIES 
 
 ABIRRITANT 
 
 low the focal plane. A., Mental, a degree Abietite {ab r -i-et-it) , C^HsO-;. A sugar resemb- 
 of paranoia that may or may not amount ling mannite, found in the needles of the 
 to insanity. A., Newtonian. Same as A., European silver fir, Abies pectinata. 
 Chromatic. A., Spheric, the excess of re- Abiogenesis (ab-i-o-jen' -es-is) [a, priv.; (Hoc, 
 fraction of the peripheral part of a convex life; genesis]. The (theoretic) production of 
 lens over the central part, producing an im- living by nonliving matter. The older term 
 perfect focus and a blurred image. was spontaneous generation. 
 
 Abies {a'-be-ez) 
 [L.]. A genus of 
 coniferous plants 
 including the fir, 
 hemlock, and 
 spruce. A. bal- 
 samea, silver fir, 
 balsam- fir, or 
 balm of gilead, 
 a tree of the nat. 
 o r d . Conifer ce, 
 from which is 
 derived Canada 
 balsam. A. 
 canadensis, 
 hemlock-spruce ; 
 bark of the Can- 
 adian fir-tree. It 
 is used as an 
 astringent in 
 various local and 
 internal condi- 
 tions. It yields 
 Canada pitch. 
 A. excelsa, Nor- 
 way spruce. It 
 yields Burgundy 
 pitch. A. pec- 
 tinata, the 
 European silver 
 fir. Its buds are 
 resinous, balsam- 
 ic, and sudorific. 
 
 Abietene {ab-i'-et- 
 en), C 7 H 16 . A 
 hy droc arbon 
 obtained from 
 Pinus sabiniana, 
 a California nut- 
 pine. It is an 
 aromatic, vola- 
 tile liquid, agree- 
 ing in composi- 
 tion with normal 
 heptane. It is 
 extensively used 
 as a popular rem- 
 edy. Syn., Era- 
 sene. Unof. 
 
 Abietic, Abietinic 
 (ab-i-et'-ik, ab-i- 
 et-in'-ik) [Abies']. 
 Pertaining to the 
 genus A bies, as 
 
 abietic acid, C 44 H 64 5 or C 20 H 3n O2, occurring 
 in the resin of Abies excelsa and Larix europcea. 
 
 Abietin (a-bi'-et-in) [Abies]. A resinous prin- 
 ciple obtained from the turpentine of vari- 
 ous species of pine and fir. A. Anhydrid, 
 C 44 H 62 4 , the main constituent of resin. 
 
 Diagram of the Course and Relations of the Abdominal Aorta and Inferior 
 Vena Cava. — (H olden.) 
 
 Abiotrophy (ab-i-of-ro-fe) [a, priv.; /?/or, life; 
 ~po(f)Tj, nourishment]. Degeneration or de- 
 cay due to defective vital endurance. 
 
 Abirritant (ab-ir' -it-ant) [ab, from; irritare, 
 to irritate], i. Tending to diminish irrita- 
 tion; soothing. 2. Relating to diminished 
 
ABIRRITATION 
 
 ABSCESS 
 
 sensitiveness. 3. A remedy or agent that 
 allays irritation. 
 
 Abirritation {ab-ir-it-a' -shun) [see Abirritant]. 
 Diminished tissue -irritability; atony or asthe- 
 nia. 
 
 Ablactation {ab-lak-ta'-shun) [ab, from; lac- 
 tare, to give suck]. The weaning of a child. 
 The end of the suckling period. 
 
 Ablate {ab-lat') [ab, from; latum, from ferre, 
 to bear]. To remove; to cut off. 
 
 Ablation {ab -la' -shun) [see Ablate]. Removal 
 of a part, as a tumor, by amputation, 
 excision, etc. 
 
 Ablatio retinae {ab-la'-she-o ret-in' -e). Detach- 
 ment of the retina. 
 
 Ablepharia {ah-blef-a'-re-ah) [a, priv. ; ftM- 
 <f>apov, the eyelid]. A congenital condition 
 in which there is a total absence either of 
 eyelids or of the interpalpebral fissure. A., 
 Partial, a congenital defect in one or more 
 of the eyelids. 
 
 Ablepharon {ah-blef -ar-on) [see Ablepharia]. 
 Absence of the eyelids. 
 
 Ablepharous {ah-blef -ar -us) [see Ablepharia]. 
 Without eyelids. 
 
 Ablepsia {ah-blep' -se-ah) [afiXeifica, without 
 sight]. 1. Blindness. 2. Dulness of percep- 
 tion. 
 
 Abluent {ab'-lu-ent) [abluere, to wash away]. 
 Detergent. That which cleanses or washes 
 away. 
 
 Ablution (ab-lu'-shun) [see Abluent]. Washing 
 or cleansing the body. Separation of chemic 
 impurities by washing. 
 
 Abnormal {ab-nor' -mat) [ab, away from; nor- 
 ma, a law]. Not normal; not conformable 
 with nature or with the general rule. 
 
 Abnormity, Abnormality {ab-nor' -mit-e, ab- 
 nor-mal'-it-e. The quality of being abnormal; 
 a deformity or malformation. 
 
 Abomasum (ab-o-ma'-sum) [ab, away; oma- 
 sum, paunch]. The reed or proper digestive 
 stomach of ruminating mammals ; also called 
 "fourth," or "true," stomach. 
 
 Aboral {ab-o'-ral) [ab, away from; os, the 
 mouth]. Opposite to, or remote from, the 
 mouth. 
 
 Abort {ab-ort') [ab, from; ortus, from oriri, to 
 grow]. 1. To miscarry; to expel the fetus 
 before it is viable. 2. To prevent full 
 development, as of a disease. 3. To come 
 short of full development. 
 
 Abortient {ab-or'-shent) [see Abort]. Abort- 
 ive; abortifacient. 
 
 Abortifacient {ab-or-te-fa' -shent) [abortus; fa- 
 cere, to make]. 1. Causing abortion. 2. A 
 drug or agent inducing the expulsion of the 
 fetus. 
 
 Abortion {ab -or' -shun) [abortus, a miscarriage]. 
 The expulsion of the ovum before the child 
 is viable; that is, any time before the end of 
 the sixth month. By some authors expulsion 
 of the ovum during the first 3 months is 
 termed abortion; from this time to viability it 
 is termed immature delivery, or miscarriage, 
 and from the period of viability to that of 
 maturity, premature delivery. A., Accidental. 
 
 See A., Spontaneous. A., Artificial, that 
 produced intentionally. A., Criminal, that 
 not demanded for therapeutic reasons. A., 
 Epidemic, the occurrence of many cases at 
 about the same time, due to wide-spread dis- 
 tress, excitement, or privation, or to some 
 form of poisoning, such as ergotism. A., 
 Habitual, repeated abortion in successive 
 pregnancies, usually due to syphilis. A., 
 Incomplete, when the membranes or the 
 placenta is retained. A., Induced. See A., 
 Artificial. A., Inevitable, when the embryo 
 or fetus is dead, or when there is an extensive 
 detachment or rupture of the ovum. A., 
 Missed, the death of the fetus and not fol- 
 lowed within two weeks by its expulsion. A., 
 Partial, the premature loss of one fetus in a 
 case of multiple gestation. A., Spontaneous, 
 • that not induced by artificial means. A., 
 Tubal, the escape of a fertilized ovum through 
 the abdominal opening of the oviduct into 
 the peritoneal cavity. 
 
 Abortionist {ab-or'-shun-ist) [see Abortion]. 
 One who criminally produces abortions; 
 especially one who follows the business of 
 producing abortions. 
 
 Abortive {ab-or'-tiv) [see Abortion]. Pre- 
 maturely born; coming to an untimely end; 
 incompletely developed; cutting short the 
 course of a disease; abortifacient. 
 
 Abortus {ab-or'-tus) [L.]. An aborted fetus; 
 abortion. 
 
 Aboulia {ah-boo' -le-ah) . See Abulia. 
 
 Aboulomania {ah-boo-lo-ma' -ne-ah) . See Abu- 
 lomania. 
 
 Abrachia {ah -bra' -ke -ah) [a, priv.; ftpa- 
 X'tojv, arm]. The condition of an armless 
 monster. 
 
 Abrachiocephalia {ah - bra -ke-o-sef-a'- le-ah) 
 [abrachius; necfraXr}, head]. Absence of the 
 head and arms. 
 
 Abrachius {ah-bra' -ke-us) [see Abrachia]. A 
 monster without arms. 
 
 Abrasio {ab-ra' -ze-o) [L.]. An abrasion. A. 
 corneas, a scraping off of the superficial epi- 
 thelium of the cornea. 
 
 Abrasion {ab-ra' -zhun) [ab, from; radere, to 
 rub]. The rubbing off of the cutaneous or 
 mucous surface by an injury. 
 
 Abrin {a'-brin). The chemic ferment or poison- 
 ous principle of jequirity. It has been em- 
 ployed in the study of immunity. 
 
 Abrotanum {ab-rof -an-um) [afipoxovov, an 
 aromatic plant]. The plant called southern- 
 wood, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 Abrus (a'-brus) [afipoc, pretty]. Jequirity; In- 
 dian licorice. The seeds of A. precatorius, or 
 wild licorice. Its properties are thought to 
 be due to the presence of certain ferments. 
 See Abrin. Infusions applied to the conjunc- 
 tiva or to any mucous surface induce violent 
 purulent inflammation with growth of false 
 membrane. It is used in producing artificial 
 conjunctivitis. 
 
 Abscess, Abscessus {ab'-ses, ab-ses'-us) [ab- 
 scessus, a departure or separation]. A local- 
 ized collection of pus surrounded by a wall of 
 
ABSCESS 
 
 ABSCESS 
 
 lymph. Syn., Ecpyema; Gathering. Accord- 
 ing to location, abscesses are named dorsal, 
 mammary, ischiorectal, perityphlitic, retrophar- 
 yngeal, etc. A., Acute, one resulting from an 
 acute inflammation of the part in which it 
 is formed. Syn., Abscessus per fluxum. A., 
 Alveolar, abscess in the gum or alveolus. 
 A., Amebic, a variety of abscess found in the 
 liver and lung and containing amebas. A., 
 Anorectal, one of the celluloadipose tissue 
 near the anus. A., Arthrinuent, a wander- 
 ing abscess having its origin in a diseased 
 joint. Abscessus arthriticus, Musgrave's 
 term for intestinal abscesses due to "gouty 
 dysentery." A., Atheromatous, an area of 
 softening in the wall of a vessel the result of 
 sclerotic endarteritis. A., Bicameral, one 
 with two pockets. A., Biliary, one connected 
 with the gallbladder or a bile-duct. A., Bro- 
 die's, chronic abscess of bone, most frequently 
 of the head of the tibia. A., Bursal, abscess 
 in the bursas. A., Canalicular, mammary 
 abscess that communicates with a milk-duct. 
 Abscessus carniformis, Severinus' name for 
 a hard sarcoma of the joints. A., Chronic, 
 A., Cold, one of slow and apparently non- 
 inflammatory development, generally about 
 a bone, joint, or gland. It is usually tuber- 
 culous and contains cheesy material. A., 
 Circumscribed, one that is limited by an ex- 
 udation of lymph. A. , Cold. See A ., Chronic. 
 A., Congestive, one in which the pus appears 
 at a point distant from where it is formed. 
 A., Embolic, one formed at the seat of a 
 septic embolus. A., Fixation, an abscess 
 produced by the subcutaneous injection of an 
 irritant as a treatment of grave septicemia. 
 A., Glandular, one formed about a lymph- 
 gland. A., Gravitation, one in which pus 
 formed in one part of the body tends to 
 migrate, usually to portions deeper or lower 
 down, in the direction gravity would take 
 it. A., Hematic, one due to an extra vasated 
 blood-clot. A., Hemorrhagic, one contain- 
 ing blood. A., Idiopathic, one not attri- 
 butable to any disease. A., Iliac, a wan- 
 dering abscess of the iliac region. A., In- 
 fecting Mitral, one due to a lymph em- 
 bolus caused by endocarditis. A., Intra- 
 mastoid, one of the mastoid process of the 
 temporal bone. A., Lumbar, a wandering 
 abscess of the lumbar region. A., Lymph- 
 atic, i. The suppuration of a lymphatic 
 gland. 2. An enlarged bursa mucosa. A., 
 Marginal, one located near the anal orifice. 
 A., Mastoid, suppuration occurring in the 
 cells of the mastoid portion of the temporal 
 bone. A., Metastatic, an abscess secondary 
 to pyemia and ulcerative endocarditis, but 
 not occurring through septicemia. It is 
 usually of embolic origin and generally lo- 
 cated in the lungs and liver. A., Miliary, 
 a small embolic abscess. A., Otic Cerebral, 
 A., Otitic Cerebral, an abscess of the brain 
 following a purulent disease of the inner ear. 
 A., Paget's. See A., Residual. A., Para- 
 metric, A., Parametritic, a form occurring 
 
 frequently between the folds of the broad 
 ligament of the uterus or in the neighbor- 
 ing cellular tissue. A., Paranephric, one 
 occurring in the tissues about the kidney. 
 A., Perimetric, A., Perimetritic, pus 
 within the peritoneum originating from in- 
 flammation of the peritoneal covering of 
 the uterus. A., Perinephric, one occur- 
 ring in the region immediately surrounding 
 the kidney. A., Peripleuritic, one that 
 occurs beneath the parietal pleura as the 
 result of pleurisy, a diseased rib, or an 
 injury. A., Periproctitic, one in the loose 
 areolar tissue surrounding the lower part of 
 the rectum. A., Peritoneal, a collection 
 of softened exudate which has become 
 encysted in cases of peritonitis. A., Peri- 
 tonsillar, one that forms in acute tonsillitis 
 around one or both tonsils. Abscessus 
 pneumococcalis, one due to infection by 
 pneumococci. A., Postcecal, one located 
 back of the cecum. A., Posttyphoid, 
 chronic abscess following typhoid. A., Pre- 
 lacrimal, an abscess due to caries of the lac- 
 rimal or the ethmoid bone, producing a 
 swelling at the inner canthus immediately 
 below the upper margin of the orbit. A., 
 Primary, one formed at the seat of pyogenic 
 infection. A., Psoas, one arising from dis- 
 ease of the lumbar or lower dorsal vertebras, 
 the pus descending in the sheath of the 
 muscle, and usually pointing beneath 
 Poupart's ligament. A., Pyemic. See 
 Pyemia. A., Residual, one formed in or 
 about the residues of former inflammation. 
 A., Septicemic, one resulting from septic 
 infection or accompanying septicemia. A., 
 Spermatic, one involving the seminiferous 
 tubules. A., Spinal, one due to necrosis or 
 disease of a vertebra. A., Spirillar, Ver- 
 neuil's name for an abscess containing spirilla 
 from the saliva. A., Stitch, one formed 
 about a stitch or suture. A., Subaponeuro- 
 tic, one beneath an aponeurosis or fascia. 
 A., Subareolar, one beneath the alveolar 
 epithelium of the nipple. A., Subfascial, 
 one beneath a fascia; postfascial abscess. A., 
 Submammary, one lying between the mam- 
 mary gland and the chest-wall. Syn., Post- 
 mammary abscess; Retromammary abscess. A., 
 Subpectoral, one beneath the chest muscles. 
 A., Subperitoneal, one arising between the 
 parietal peritoneum and the abdominal wall. 
 Syn., Preperitoneal abscess. A., Subphrenic, 
 one located beneath the diaphragm. A., 
 Sudoriparous, an abscess due to inflamma- 
 tion of obstructed sweat-glands. A., Sym- 
 pathetic, a secondary or metastatic abscess 
 at a distance from the part at which the 
 exciting cause has acted {e.g., a bubo). A., 
 Tuberculous. See A., Chronic. A., Tym- 
 panitic, one containing gas generated by 
 putrefaction. Syn., Abscessus flatuosus; Gas 
 abscess. A., Urethral, i . Suppuration of a 
 urethral lacuna; a lacunar abscess. 2. One 
 involving the circumurethral tissue. A., 
 Urinary, one resulting from extravasation of 
 
ABSCISSAE 
 
 6 
 
 ACACIA 
 
 urine. A., Urinous, one containing urine 
 mingled with the pus. A., Verminous, A., 
 Worm, one containing intestinal worms, from 
 communication with the intestine. A., Wan- 
 dering, one in which the pus has traveled 
 along the connective-tissue spaces and points 
 at some locality distant from its origin. Syn., 
 Hypostatic abscess; A bscessus per congestum; 
 Abscessus per decubitum. 
 
 Abscissae (absis'se) [ab, away; scindere, to 
 cut]. The transverse lines cutting vertical 
 ones at right angles, to show by a diagram 
 the relations of two series of facts, as, e. g., 
 the number of pulse-beats or the temperature 
 record in given periods of time. 
 
 Abscission (absish'-un) [see Abscissa], Re- 
 moval of a part by cutting. 
 
 Absinthe (ab'sinth). See under Absinthium. 
 
 Absinthiate (absin'-the-dt). A salt of absin- 
 thic acid. 
 
 Absinthiated (absin'-the-a-ted). i. Mixed 
 with absinthe. 2. Containing wormwood. 
 
 Absinthin (absinth' -in) [absinthium]. A bitter 
 crystalline principle obtainable from worm- 
 wood. See Absinthium. 
 
 Absinthism (absinth' -izm). A disease similar 
 to alcoholism, the result of the excessive use 
 of absinthe. It is characterized by general 
 muscular debility and mental disturbances, 
 that may proceed to convulsions, acute mania, 
 or general paralysis. 
 
 Absinthium (absinth' -e-um) [L.]. Wormwood. 
 The leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium. 
 Absinthium contains a volatile oil and an in- 
 tensely bitter principle, absinthin, C 20 H 28 O 4 , 
 which is a narcotic poison. Absinthium in- 
 creases cardiac action and produces tremor 
 and epileptiform convulsions. Dose 20-40 gr. 
 (1.3-2.6 Gm.) in infusion. It is used as a stom- 
 achic tonic. Unof. Absinthe, a French liqueur, 
 is an alcoholic solution of the oil exhibited with 
 oils of anise, marjoram, and other aromatic 
 oils. 
 
 Absinthol (absinth' -of), C 10 H 16 O. The prin- 
 cipal constituent of oil of wormwood; it is 
 isomeric with ordinary camphor. 
 
 Absorb (absorb') [absorbere, to suck up]. To 
 suck up or imbibe; to take within one's self. 
 
 Absorbefacient (absorb-e-fa'shent) [absorptio, 
 absorption; facere, to make]. Favoring or 
 tending to produce absorption. 
 
 Absorbent (absor'-bent) [see Absorb]. 1. 
 Absorbing; capable of absorbing. 2. An 
 organ or part that absorbs. 3. A term ap- 
 plied to the lacteals and lymphatics. 4. In 
 materia medica, a drug or medicine that pro- 
 duces -absorption of diseased tissue. A. 
 Glands. See Lymphatics. A. System, the 
 lacteals and lymphatics with their associated 
 glands. 
 
 Absorptiometer (absorpshe-om' -et-er) [absorp- 
 tion; /ihpoi>, a measure]. A device for measur- 
 ing the thickness of the layer of liquid that 
 is taken up between two glass plates by 
 capillary attraction. Used in conjunction 
 with a spectrophotometer, it serves as a 
 hematoscope. 
 
 Absorption (absorp'shun) [see Absorb]. The 
 permeation or imbibition of one body 
 by another. A., Chylous, the act or 
 process of the entrance of the oil-globules 
 of the chyle into the central canals of the 
 intestinal villi. A., Coefficient of, that num- 
 ber which represents the volume of a gas 
 absorbed by a unit volume of water at o° C. 
 and at a barometric pressure of 760 mm. 
 A., Excrementitial. 1. The absorption of 
 fluid excretions by the mucosa. 2. The ab- 
 sorption of excretions or morbid products 
 (bile, pus) by the blood. Syn., Pathologic ab- 
 sorption; Absorptio morbosa. A., External, 
 the taking up by the skin Or mucous sur- 
 faces of pabulum or medication applied to 
 the exterior of the body or of an organ. A., 
 Internal. 1 . The absorption of waste-products 
 by the tissues; absorption of decomposition 
 of disassimilation. 2. The taking up of pab- 
 ulum by the tissues; absorption of nutrition; 
 molecular, nutritive, organic absorption. A., 
 Interstitial, the removal by the absorbent 
 system of effete matters. A. Lines, A. Bands, 
 dark lines of the spectrum, called Fraun- 
 hofer's lines, caused by the arrest or absorp- 
 tion of the ethereal waves of certain lengths 
 and rapidities, mainly by vapors of the sun's 
 atmosphere. A., Lymphatic, that which oc- 
 curs in lymphatic vessels. A., Physiologic, 
 a phenomenon forming an important part of 
 the digestive process, caused in part by the 
 vital activity of the epithelial cells and in part 
 by the physical laws of imbibition, diffusion, 
 and osmosis. Syn., Absorptio sana. A., 
 Ulcerative, that by which an ulcer forms 
 or extends its area. 
 
 Absorptive (absorp'-tiv) [see Absorb]. Having 
 the power or function of absorbing. 
 
 Abstergent (abster'-jent) [abs, from; tergere, to 
 cleanse]. Cleansing; detergent. See Deter- 
 gent. 
 
 Abstersive (abster'siv) [abstersivus]. Abster- 
 gent. 
 
 Abstract (ab'strakt) [abstrahere, to draw away]. 
 In pharmacy, a solid preparation in which 
 two parts of the drug are represented by 
 one part of the abstract (which is compounded 
 with milk-sugar). Abstracts are double the 
 strength of the nuidextracts. 
 
 Abterminal (ab-ter' -min-al) [ab, from; ter- 
 minus, end]. Passing from tendinous into 
 muscular tissue (used of electric currents). 
 
 Abulia (ah-bu'-le-ah) [a, priv.; ^ouXr), will]. 
 Loss or defect of will-power. 
 
 Abulic (ah-bu'-lik) [see Abulia]. Character- 
 ized by or affected with abulia. 
 
 Abulomania (ah-bu-lo-ma' -ne-ah) [abulia; 
 fxavca, madness]. A disease of the mind 
 characterized by imperfect or lost will- 
 power. 
 
 Abuse (ab-us') [abusus, a using up]. Rape. 
 A., Self-, masturbation. 
 
 Acacia (ah-ka' she-ah) [L.]. A large genus of 
 leguminous trees, shrubs, and herbs, many 
 of them Australian or African. A number 
 of the species are medicinal, and some are 
 
ACALYPHA 
 
 ACCOMMODATION 
 
 poisonous. The bark is usually very astrin- 
 gent. Gum-arabic is produced by various 
 species — A. lebbek, A. nilotica, A. vera, and 
 A.verek. A. Senegal also furnishes gum-ara- 
 bic, a nearly white, transparent gum, soluble in 
 water. It is used in the manufacture of mucil- 
 age, and contains arabin, C l2 H 22 O n , identical 
 in composition with cane-sugar. A. anthel- 
 mintica. See Mussanin. A. catechu. See 
 Catechu. A., Mucilage of {mucilago acacia, 
 U.S. P.), acacia, 34; water, to make 100 parts; 
 incompatible with alcoholic tinctures. A., 
 Syrup of {syrupus acacice, U.S. P.), mucilage, 
 25; simple syrup, 75. It is used in various 
 mixtures as a demulcent and to suspend in- 
 soluble powders. 
 
 Acalypha {ah-kal'-if-ah) [aKaXu^rjc, unveiled]. 
 A genus of euphorbiaceous plants. A. jruti- 
 cosa, of India, is useful in dyspepsia and diar- 
 rhea, and is tonic and alterant. A. hispida 
 has similar uses. A. indica is a plant common 
 in India. The leaves are expectorant, emetic, 
 laxative. A. virginica, of North America, is 
 diuretic and expectorant. Dose of the fluid- 
 extract 10 min.-i dr. (0.6-4.0 Cc); of the juice 
 {succus acalyphce), for an infant, 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Acanthial {ak-an' -the-al) [see Acanthion]. Per- 
 taining to the acanthion. 
 
 Acanthion {ak-an' -the-on) [amvdtov, a little 
 thorn]. A point at the base of the nasal 
 spine. 
 
 Acanthoma {ak-an-tho' -mah) [anavda, a spine]. 
 A localized excessive growth in any part of 
 the prickle-cell layer of the skin. 
 
 Acanthosis {ak-an-tho' -sis) [amvOa, a spine]. 
 Any skin disease marked by abnormities in 
 the prickle-cell layer. A. nigricans, a gen- 
 eral pigmentation of the skin, with papillary, 
 mole -like growths. 
 
 Acsadia. {ah-kar' -de -ah) [a, priv.; napd ca, heart]. 
 Congenital absence of the heart. 
 
 Acardiac {ah-kar'-de-ak). 1. Having no heart. 
 2. A fetus with no heart. 
 
 Acardiacus {ah-kar -di' -ak-us) [see Acardia]. 
 A synonym employed by German writers for 
 omphalosite. A. acephalus, one in which 
 the head is wanting, the thorax rudimentary, 
 the pelvis and contiguous parts perfectly 
 formed. A. amorphus, a shapeless lump 
 with only rudiments of organs. 
 
 Acardius {ah-kar' -de-us) . Affected with con- 
 genital absence of the heart. An acardiac 
 monster. 
 
 Acariasis {ak-ar-i'-as-is). See Mange. 
 
 Acarid, Acaridan {ak'-ar-id, ak-ar' -id-an) 
 [(XKapTjc, small; tiny]. Pertaining to Acarus. 
 
 Acarinosis {ak-ar -in-o' -sis) [acarus, a mite]. 
 Any disease, as the itch, -produced by a mite 
 or acarid. 
 
 Acarodermatitis {ak-ar -o-der -mat-i' -tis) [acarus, 
 a mite; dermatitis]. Dermatitis caused by 
 acari, or mites. 
 
 Acaroid (ak'-ar-oid) [acarus; eldoc, like]. Mite- 
 like. A. Gum, Botany Bay gum; resina 
 lutea. An aromatic resin used in Australia 
 as a remedy for gastric troubles, intestinal 
 catarrhs, diarrheas, etc. Dose 8-16 gr. 
 
 (0.5-1.0 Gm.) in alcoholic solution. Unof. 
 Benzoic acid is prepared from it, and it 
 is said to have the properties of storax and 
 balsam of Peru. A. Resin. See A. Gum. 
 
 Acarpia {ah-kar p'-e-ah) [amp-nca]. Sterility; 
 barrenness; unfruitfulness. 
 
 Acarus {ak'-ar-us) [a, priv.; nt-'cpecv, to cut 
 (because so small)]. The mite, or tick, a 
 parasite of man. and animals. A. scabiei, 
 Sarcoptes scabiei, the itch-mite, a small para- 
 site with numerous sharp tubercles, spines, 
 and hairs on the dorsal surface. See Scabies. 
 
 Acataphasia {ah-kat-aj-a'-ze-ah) [a, priv.; Kara, 
 after; (j>aocg, utterance]. A disorder in the 
 syntactical arrangement of uttered speech, 
 due to some central lesion. 
 
 Acathectic {ak-ah-thek'-tik) [amOsa-dc, unre- 
 tained]. A term applied by Liebermeister 
 to that form of icterus caused by pathologic 
 changes in the liver-cells, through which they 
 become unable to retain their secretion. 
 
 Acaudal, Acaudate {ah-kaw'-dal, ah-kaw'-ddt) 
 [a, priv.; cauda, a tail]. Tailless. 
 
 Acceleration {ak-sel-er-a' -shun) [accelerare, to 
 hasten]. Quickening, as of the rate of the 
 pulse or of the respiration. 
 
 Accelerator {ak-sel' -e-ra-tor) [see Acceleration]. 
 1. That which accelerates. 2. A muscle 
 which hastens a physiologic discharge. A. 
 Nerves, nerves passing from the medulla 
 to the heart and conducting stimuli that 
 cause acceleration of the heart's action. A. 
 partus, an abortifacient or ecbolic agent. 
 A. urinse, a muscle of the penis the func- 
 tion of which is to expel the last drops in 
 urination, to expel the semen, and to assist 
 erection. The sphincter vaginae is its ana- 
 log in the female. 
 
 Accentuation {ak-sen-tu-a' -shun) [accentuare]. 
 Increased loudness or distinctness. 
 
 Accessory {ak'-ses-o-re or ak-ses'-o-re) [acces- 
 sorizes]. A term applied to certain glands, 
 muscles, ducts, nerves, arteries, etc., that are 
 auxiliary in function, course, etc., to the prin- 
 cipal. Certain small muscles, as the lumbri- 
 cales, are regarded as accessory to more im- 
 portant muscles. 
 
 Accidental {ak-se-denf -at) [accidentalis]. 1. 
 Due to, or caused by, an accident. 2. In- 
 tercurrent; having no essential connection 
 with other conditions or symptoms. 
 
 Accipiter {ak-sip' -it-er) [L., " a hawk "]. A facial 
 bandage with tails radiating like the claws 
 of a hawk. A. quinqueceps, a five-headed 
 accipiter bandage. A. triceps, a three- 
 headed accipiter bandage. 
 
 Acclimatation, Acclimation, Acclimatiza- 
 tion {ak-li-mat-a' -shun, ak-lim-a' -shun, ak- 
 li-mat-iz-a' -shun) [ad, to; clima, climate]. 
 The process of becoming accustomed to the 
 climate, soil, water, etc., of a country to 
 which a plant, animal, person, or a people 
 has removed. 
 
 Accommodation {ak-om-o-da' -shun) [accommo- 
 dare, to adjust]. Adaptation or adjustment, 
 particularly the adjustment of the eye for 
 -different' distances. A., Absolute, the ac- 
 
ACCOMMODATION 
 
 ACEPHALOGASTER 
 
 commodation of either eye separately. A., 
 Asthenopia of, subnormal power of the 
 function of accommodation, or the pain or 
 discomfort from accommodative effort. A., 
 Binocular, the combined accommodation of 
 the two eyes. A., Histologic, the occur- 
 rence of changes in the morphology and func- 
 tion of cells following changed conditions. 
 A., Negative, the opposite of positive ac- 
 commodation, the refractive power of the 
 eye being lessened. A. of the Eye, that 
 
 I 
 
 The Left Half Represents the Eye at Rest; 
 the Right, during Accommodation. 
 
 function of the ciliary muscle and lens whereby 
 objects at different distances are clearly seen. 
 It depends upon the inherent elasticity of 
 the lens, which when the ciliary muscle of 
 an emmetropic eye is at rest, is adapted to 
 the proper focalization of theoretically paral- 
 lel rays of light. Objects nearer, to be clearly 
 seen, require a greater refracting power on 
 the part of the eye because the rays from 
 such objects are more divergent. This addi- 
 tional refracting power is gained by an in- 
 creased anteroposterior diameter of the lens, 
 brought about by the contraction of the ciliary 
 muscle, which occasions a loosening of the 
 suspensory ligament and a thickening of the 
 lens by its own elasticity. A. Phosphenes, 
 the peripheral light-streak seen in the dark 
 after the act of accommodation. A., Posi- 
 tive, that when the eye being focused for 
 a more distant object is required for fixa- 
 tion upon a nearer point. A., Range of 
 Relative, the range of accommodation at 
 the command' of the eye for any particular 
 degree of convergence. A., Region of, the 
 extent controlled by the eye within which it 
 distinguishes objects clearly from the state of 
 rest to that of maximum accommodation. A., 
 Spasm of, a term used to express excessive or 
 persistent contraction of the ciliary muscle, 
 following the attempt to overcome error of re- 
 fraction. It stimulates myopia. A., Subnor- 
 mal, deficient power of accommodation. A., 
 Supernormal, excessive power of accommo- 
 dation. A., Theory of, Helmholtz's, that the 
 increased convexity of the lens is produced 
 by a relaxation of the suspensory ligament, 
 thus removing the influence which tends to 
 flatten the lens and permitting the latter by 
 its elasticity to become more convex. A., 
 Theory of, Schoen's, that the contraction 
 of the ciliary muscle produces the same effect 
 on the lens as is produced upon a rubber 
 ball when held in both hands and compressed 
 
 with the fingers. A., Theory of, Tschern- 
 ing's, by the contraction of the anterior part 
 of both the radiating and circular fibers of 
 the ciliary muscle the ciliary processes are 
 drawn backward, and the suspensory liga- 
 ment pulled backward and outward; pres- 
 sure of the anterior portion of the muscle 
 causes increased convexity of the lens. 
 
 Accouchement (a-koosh-mon(g)) [Fr.]. The 
 French term for childbirth. A. force, rapid 
 and forcible delivery with the hand. 
 
 Accoucheur (a-koo-shur) [Ft.]. A professional 
 male assistant at childbirth. 
 
 Accoucheuse (a-koo-shu(r)z) [Fr.]. A midwife. 
 
 Accretion {ak-re' -shun) [ad, to; crescere, to 
 increase], i. A term denoting the manner 
 by which _ crystalline and certain organic 
 forms increase their material substance. 2. 
 The adherence of parts normally separate.- 
 3. An accumulation of foreign matter in any 
 cavity. 
 
 Accumulation {ak-u-mu-la' -shun) [accumulare, 
 to heap up]. An amassing or collecting to- 
 gether. A., Fecal, an excessive aggregation 
 of feces in the large intestine; coprostasis. 
 
 Accumulator iak-u' ' -mu-la-tor) [accumulare, to 
 heap up]. An apparatus to store electricity. 
 
 A. C. E. Mixture. An anesthetic mixture com- 
 posed of alcohol, 1 part; chloroform, 2 parts; 
 ether, 3 parts. See Anesthetic. 
 
 Acelia, Acoelia {ah-se' -le-ah) [a, priv.; nodca, 
 a cavity]. The absence of a natural cavity. 
 Syn., Acelosis. 
 
 Acentric (ah-sen'-trik) [a, priv.; Kkvxpov, cen- 
 ter]. Not eccentric; not originating in, or 
 pertaining to, a nerve-center; peripheric. 
 
 Acephalia (ah-se f-a f -le-ah) [a, priv.; K.e<J)a\-q, 
 head]. Absence of the head. 
 
 Acephalism (ah-se}' -al-izm). See Acephalia. 
 
 Acephalobrachia (ah-se f-al-o-bra'-ke-ah) [d, 
 priv.; K£(f)a}rj, head; fipaxcujv, arm]. Ab- 
 sence of the head and arms. 
 
 Acephalobrachius (ah-sef-al-o-bra'-ke-us). A 
 monster with neither head nor arms. 
 
 Acephalocardia (ah-se f-al-o-kar'-de-ah) [a, priv.; 
 K£(f>a\T), head; napdca, heart]. Absence of 
 the head and heart. 
 
 Acephalocardius {ah-sef-al-o-kar'-de-us). A 
 monster with neither head nor heart. 
 
 Acephalocheiria, Acephalochiria (ah-sef-al-o- 
 ki'-re-ah) [a, priv.; Kecf>aAr), head ; X £ *P> 
 hand]. Absence of the head and hands. 
 
 Acephalocheirus, Acephalochirus (ah-se f-al- 
 o-ki'-rus) [see Acephalocheiria]. A monster 
 with neither head nor hands. 
 
 Acephalocyst,Acephalocystis(a/i-^/'-a/-o-jw/, 
 ah-sef-al-o-sist 1 '-is) [a, priv.; K£<f)aXr), head; kug- 
 tcc, a bladder]. 'The bladderworm. Ahead- 
 less, sterile hydatid, found in the liver and 
 other organs. Acephalocystis plana, Laen- 
 nec's name for certain concretions found in the 
 sheaths of tendons and in muscles. Aceph- 
 alocystis racemosa, the hydatid mole of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Acephalogaster iah-se) -al-o-gas' -ter) [aKE<j)aXoc, 
 headless; jaaxi]p, belly]. A monster with 
 neither head nor belly. 
 
ACEPHALOGASTERIA 
 
 9 
 
 ACETIC 
 
 Acephalogasteria (ah-sef-al-o-gas-te'-re-ah) [see 
 Acephalogaster]. Absence of the head andbelly. 
 
 Acephalophorous (ah-sef-al-of'-or-us) [a, priv.; 
 K£(f)aX-q, head; (jiipsiv, to bear]. Destitute of 
 a distinct head. 
 
 Acephalopodia (ah-sef-al-o-po'-de-ah) [a, priv.; 
 KS(f)aXrj, head; tzouc, foot]. Absence of the 
 head and feet. 
 
 Acephalopodius (ah-sef-al-o-po' -de-us)[see Ace- 
 phalopodia]. A monster with neither head 
 nor feet. 
 
 Acephalorachia, Acephalorrhachia (ah-sef-al- 
 or-a'-ke-ah) [a, priv.; KscfiaXr), head; paztc, 
 spine]. Absence of the head and vertebral 
 column. 
 
 Acephalostomia {ah-sej-al-o-sto' -me-ah) [a, 
 priv.; K£(f>aXr), head; ardfia, mouth]. Absence 
 of the head, with a mouth-like opening on 
 the superior aspect. 
 
 Acephalostomus {ah-sej-al-os' -to-mus) [see 
 Acephalostomia]. A monster without a head, 
 but with a mouth-like aperture. 
 
 Acephalous iah-sef -al-us) [ankcjiakoc, headless]. 
 Headless. 
 
 Acephalus {ah - sef -al- us) [see A cephalia]. 
 A species of omphalositic monsters charac- 
 terized by complete absence of the head and 
 usually of the upper extremities. It is the 
 commonest condition among the omphalosites. 
 A. dibrachius, an acephalus with two upper 
 limbs in a more or less rudimentary state. 
 A. dipUS, an acephalus with two more or less 
 developed lower extremities. A. monobrach- 
 ius, one with one upper extremity, a cervical 
 vertebra, and one or two more or less devel- 
 oped lower extremities. A. monopus, one 
 with only one lower extremity, more or less 
 developed. See Acephalopodius. A. sym- 
 pus, one in which the trunk ends in a long 
 conic point at the end of which are attached 
 one or two feet. 
 
 Acercus (ah-ser'-kus) [anspKoc, without a tail]. 
 A monstrosity without a tail or the coccy- 
 geal vertebra. 
 
 Acerdol (as'-er-dol), MnO ? K 2 KOH. An oxi- 
 dation-product of potassium and manganese. 
 It is used as an oxidizer and disinfectant. 
 
 Acervulus, A. cerebri {as-er' -vu-lus ser'-e-bri). 
 Concretionary matter near the base of the pineal 
 gland, consisting of alkaline phosphates and car- 
 bonates, with amyloid matter. Syn., Brain- sand. 
 
 Acescence (as-es'-ens) [acescere, to grow sour], 
 i. The process of becoming sour; the qual- 
 ity of being somewhat sour. 2. A disease of 
 wines, whereby they become sour, owing to 
 the agency of Mycoderma aceti. 
 
 Acesodyne, Acesodynous (ah-ses'-o-din, ah-ses- 
 od'-in-us) [diceawduvoc]. Allaying pain; ano- 
 dyne. 
 
 Acestoma (as-es'-to-mah) [ain-o-oc, curable]. 
 The mass of young granulation tissue which 
 later forms the cicatrix. 
 
 Acetabular {as-et-aV '-u-lar) [acetabulum, a cup]. 
 Pertaining to the acetabulum. 
 
 Acetabulum {as-et-ab' -u-lum) [see Acetabular]. 
 A cup-shaped depression on the outer aspect 
 of the innominate bone for the reception of 
 
 the head of the femur. A. cotyle, the articu- 
 lar cavity of the innominate bone. A. uter- 
 ina, a placental cotyledon. 
 Acetal (as'-et-al) [acetum, vinegar]. 1. C 6 H ]4 - 
 
 2 . Ethidene diethylate, a colorless liquid 
 with an ethereal odor, produced by the im- 
 perfect oxidation of alcohol under the in- 
 fluence of platinum black. It is sparingly 
 soluble in water; boils at 104 C; sp.gr. 
 at 20 is 0.8304. Its action is that of a 
 soporific. Dose 1 dr. (4 Gm.). 2. A mix- 
 ture said to consist of acetic ether and oils 
 of cloves, bergamot, lavender, lemon, men- 
 thol, orange, rosemary, thyme, and abso- 
 lute alcohol. A., Dimethyl. See Methylal. 
 
 Acetaldehyd (as-et-aV -de-hid). The normal 
 aldehyd; ethaldehyd. See Aldehyd. 
 
 Acetamid {as-et'-am-id), C 2 H 5 NO. A white, 
 crystalline solid produced by distilling am- 
 monium acetate, or by heating ethyl acetate 
 with strong aqueous ammonia. It combines 
 with both acids and metals to form unstable 
 compounds. 
 
 Acetaminol {as-et-am'-in-ol), C^H^NO^ A 
 reaction-product of paranitrobenzoyl chlorid 
 with eugenol-sodium, followed by reduction 
 and acetylization. It occurs as white scales 
 or crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and 
 insoluble in water, and melting at 160 C. It 
 is used in pulmonary tuberculosis. Syn., Para- 
 acetamido -benzoyleugenol; A cetamido-benzoyl. 
 
 Acetanilid {as-et-an'-il-id), C 8 H 9 NO. Phenyl- 
 acetamid. A white, crystalline solid, pro- 
 duced by boiling anilin and glacial acetic 
 acid together for several hours, the crystal- 
 line mass being then distilled. It melts at 
 114 and boils at 259 . It is soluble in hot 
 water, alcohol, and ether. Under the name 
 antifebrin it is prescribed as an antipyretic. 
 Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.), not exceed- 
 ing 30 gr. (2 Gm.) in the 24 hours; of 
 the compound powder (pulvis acetanilidi com- 
 positus, U. S. P.) 7^ gr. (0.5 Gm.). A., 
 Ammoniated, a mixture of acetanilid, 25 
 parts; ammonium carbonate, 10 parts; so- 
 dium bicarbonate, 5 parts; sugar of milk, 
 60 parts. It is recommended as causing less 
 depression than acetanilid alone. A., Mono- 
 bromated. See Antisepsin. 
 
 Acetate {as'-et-dt) [see Acetic]. Any salt of 
 acetic acid. 
 
 Acetic {as-e'-tik) [acetum, vinegar]. Pertaining 
 to acetum or vinegar; sour. See Acid, Acetic. 
 A. Acid Amid. See Acetamid. A. Acid 
 Esters. See Methyl Acetate and Ether, 
 Acetic. A. Acid Salts. 1. Readily soluble 
 crystalline salts formed from the bases. 2. 
 Basic salts formed from iron, aluminium, 
 lead, and copper; sparingly soluble in water. 
 
 3. Alkali salts, which have the property of 
 combining with a molecule of acetic acid to 
 produce acid salts. A. Aldehyd. See under 
 Aldehyd. A. Anhydrid, C 4 H 6 O s , a colorless, 
 mobile liquid, highly refractive, and with an 
 odor of acetic acid. Sp. gr. 1.080 at 15 C; 
 boils at i36°-i38° C. Syn., Acetyl oxid; 
 Acetic oxid; socalled Anhydrous acetic acid. 
 
ACETIN 
 
 10 
 
 ACETOPHENONEPHENETIDIN 
 
 A. Ether. See under Ether. A. Fermenta- 
 tion, the development of acetic acid by the 
 activity of the Mycoderma aceti. A. Fungus, 
 any one of several minute fungoid organ- 
 isms capable of inciting and maintaining 
 acetic fermentation, as first proved by Pas- 
 teur in 1864. 
 
 Acetin (as'-et-in) [acetum, vinegar], C 3 H 5 - 
 (C 2 H 3 2 ) 3 . A chemic compound formed by 
 the union of glycerol and acetic acid. 
 
 Acetoacetic Acid (as-et-o-as-e'-tik). A mono- 
 basic acid formed from acetic acid by re- 
 placing one of the hydrogen atoms of the acid 
 radicle with the acetic-acid radicle, acetyl. 
 See Gerhardt. A. Esters, CH 3 . CO . CH 2 .- 
 C0 2 R, liquids possessing an ethereal odor, 
 produced by the action of metallic sodium 
 upon acetic esters; they dissolve with diffi- 
 culty in water and can be distilled without 
 decomposition. 
 
 Acetoarsenite ias-et-o-ar' -sen-it). A salt com- 
 posed of an acetate and an arsenite of the 
 same base. 
 
 Acetobromid (as-et-o-bro'-mid). An acetic- 
 acid salt in which part of the hydrogen of 
 the acid radicle has been replaced by bromin. 
 
 Acetoglycocoll ( as - et - - glV - ko - kol ) , 
 
 CH 2 <^p/-N Vt 2 3 " A substance resembling 
 
 a monobasic acid, obtained from the action of 
 acetyl chlorid on glycocoll silver and of 
 acetamid on monochloracetic acid; it is 
 soluble in alcohol; melts at 206 C. Syn., 
 Acetamidoacetic acid ; Aceturic acid. 
 
 Acetoiodid (as-et-o-i'-o-did). A double salt 
 containing the acetate and iodid of the same 
 radicle. 
 
 Acetol (as'-et-ol). 1. See Acetyl Carbinol. 2. 
 A remedy for toothache, said to consist of 
 acetic acid, 8.46 %; alum, 3.07 % ; water, 
 88.5 %; with a small proportion of essential 
 oils of sage, clove, and peppermint. 
 
 Acetoluid (as-e-toV -u-id), C 7 H 7 NH . C 2 H 3 0. 
 Acetoorthotoluid. An antipyretic resembling 
 acetanilid. The dose is not accurately de- 
 termined. 
 
 Acetometer (us-et-om' -et-er) [acetum, vinegar; 
 fihpov, a measure]. An instrument used in 
 the quantitative determination of acetic acid. 
 
 Acetonasthma (as-et-on-az' '-mah) [acetone; as- 
 thma]. Attacks of dyspnea similar to uremic 
 asthma, accompanied with restlessness, head- 
 ache, nausea, vomiting, transient amaurosis, 
 and acetonuria. 
 
 Acetone, Aceton (as'-et-on) [acetum, vinegar], 
 C 3 H 6 0. Dimethylketone. A colorless, mo- 
 bile liquid, of peculiar odor and burning taste, 
 present in crude wood-spirit; it occurs in 
 small quantities in the blood and in normal 
 urine, and in considerable quantities at times 
 in the urine of diabetic patients. It is mis- 
 cible with ether, alcohol, and water. It is 
 used as an anesthetic and anthelmintic. Dose 
 15-20 min. (0.9-1.2 Cc). Syn., Mesitic 
 alcohol; Mesityl alcohol; Methyl acetyl; Acetyl 
 methyl. See Chautard, Gunning, Legal, Lie- 
 ben, Malerba, le Nobel, Penzoldt, Reynolds. 
 
 A. Chloroform, HO . C(CH 3 ) 2 CC1 3 , a com- 
 pound formed by the addition of potash to 
 equal weights of acetone and chloroform. It 
 occurs as white crystals, sparingly soluble in 
 water, more freely in alcohol and glycerol. 
 Its 1 % aqueous solution is called Anescn. 
 It is used as a hypnotic and anesthetic. Dose 
 15-20 gr. ( 1. 0-1.3 Gm.). Syn., Chloretone; 
 Trichlor tertiary butyl alcohol; Trichlor pseudo- 
 butyl alcohol. A. Diethylsulfone. See Sul- 
 fonal. A., Monochlorated, C 3 H 5 C10, a 
 colorless liquid having a pungent odor, ob- 
 tained by chlorinating acetone. A. Phenyl- 
 hydrazone, (CH 3 ) 2 C: N 2 HC 6 H 5 , one of the 
 nitrogen derivatives of ketone. A. Re- 
 sorcinol, C 15 H 16 4 + H 2 0, a combination of 
 resorcinol with acetone and fuming hydro- 
 chloric acid added hot. It occurs in small an- 
 hydrous prisms, soluble in alkaline solutions, 
 insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and chloro- 
 form. It melts at 2i2°-2i3° C. It is used in 
 the same manner as resorcinol. 
 
 Acetonemia (as-et-on-e' -me-ah) [acetone; al/ia, 
 blood]. The presence of acetone in the 
 blood. 
 
 Acetones (as' -et-onz) . A class of compounds 
 that may be regarded as consisting of two 
 alcoholic radicles united by the group CO, or as 
 aldehyds in which hydrogen of the group COH 
 has been replaced by an alcoholic radicle. 
 
 Acetonin (as-et'-on-in). 1. A body produced 
 by the action of ammonia on acetone. 2. 
 Dihydrotriacetonamin. 
 
 Acetonitril (as-et-on-i'-tril), CH 3 CN or C 2 H 3 N. 
 Methyl cyanid. It is a colorless liquid, hav- 
 ing an agreeable odor, and is prepared by 
 distilling acetamid with P 2 5 . It may also 
 be produced from prussic acid and diazo- 
 methane. It melts at — 41 C, boils at 81. 6° 
 C.j and has a sp. gr. of 0.789 at 15 C. Syn., 
 Carbamin. 
 
 Acetonoresorcinol. See Acetone Resorcinol. 
 
 Acetonuria (as-et-o-nu' -re-ah) [acetone; odpov, 
 urine]. The presence of acetone in the 
 urine. 
 
 Acetonyl (as-et'-on-il), CH 2 — CO— CH 3 . A 
 univalent radicle obtained from acetone by 
 taking away one atom of hydrogen. 
 
 Acetophenone (as-et-o-je'-non), C H 5 (CO)- 
 (CH 3 V Hypnone ; a hypnotic and antisep- 
 tic. It results from the action of zinc methyl 
 upon benzoyl chlorid and crystallizes in la] ge 
 plates, melts at 20. 5 and boils at 202 . It 
 is without satisfactory action. Dcse 4-15 
 min. (0.26-1.0 Cc). 
 
 Acetophenoneorthooxyquinolin (as-et-o-fe- 
 non-or-lho-oks-e-kwin'-ol-in), C 2 H 6 NO. CH 2 . 
 CO . C 6 H 5 . A base obtained by interaction 
 between a halogen compound of aceto- 
 phenone and orthoquinolin in the presence 
 of solvents and an alkali. It forms well- 
 defined salts, is soluble in volatile solvents, 
 and melts at 130 C. It is said to have hyp- 
 notic and antineuralgic properties; is odor- 
 less, tasteless, and nonirritating. 
 
 Acetophenonephenetidin (as-et-o-fe-non-fen- 
 et'-id-in). A condensation-product of aceto- 
 
ACETOPYRIN 
 
 11 
 
 ACHE 
 
 phenone and paraphenetidin. A. Citrate, 
 
 ^ 6 -ti4^ N = C ( C H 3 )(C 6 H 5 ) . H 3 C, 
 lemon-yellow needles, soluble in ether and 
 hot alcohol, insoluble in water. It melts at 
 88° C; is antipyretic and antineuralgic. Dose 
 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). Syn., Malarin. 
 
 Acetopyrin, Acetopyrina (as-et-o-pi'-rin, -ah). 
 A mixture of antipyrin and acetyl 'saHcy He 
 acid, occurring as a whitish, crystalline pow- 
 der, soluble with difficulty in cold water, 
 ether, and petroleum ether, readily soluble 
 in warm water, alcohol, chloroform, and 
 warm toluol. It is antipyretic. Dose 7 gr. 
 (0.4 Gm.) 6 times daily. Syn., Antipyrin 
 acetylsalicylate. A. Acetosalicylate, antipy- 
 retic, analgesic, sedative; employed in in- 
 fluenza, bronchitis, rheumatic headache, sci- 
 atica, hemicrania, and acute articular rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 Acetous (as-e'-tus) [acetum, vinegar]. Resem- 
 bling vinegar; pertaining to or charged with 
 vinegar or acetic acid. 
 
 Acetozone (as-et'-o-zon). See Benzoylacetyl- 
 peroxid. 
 
 Acetparatoluid (as-et-par-ah-toV -u-id), C 9 H n - 
 NO. Antipyretic, colorless crystals, slightly 
 soluble in water, moderately soluble in alcohol; 
 it melts at 149 C. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
 Syn., Acetparamidotoluol ; Paratolylacetamid. 
 
 Acetphenetidin (as-et-fe-nef -id-in) [acetum; 
 phenol]. A compound derived from phenol, 
 having antipyretic and antineuralgic proper- 
 ties. It is crystalline, tasteless, and almost 
 insoluble in water. Dose 4-30 gr. (0.26-2.0 
 Gm.). Syn., Phenacetin. 
 
 Acetum (as -e'- turn) [L.; gen., aceti; pi., 
 aceta]. Vinegar. An impure, dilute acetic 
 acid produced by acetous fermentation of 
 wine, cider, or other fruit-juice. In phar- 
 macy, a solution of the active principles 
 of certain drugs in dilute acetic acid. A. 
 aromaticum (N. F.) ["aromatic vinegar"], 
 a mixture of alcohol, water, and acetic acid, 
 aromatized with the oils of rosemary, laven- 
 der, juniper, peppermint, cassia, lemon, and 
 cloves. A. britannicum, an aromatic vine- 
 gar consisting of glacial acetic acid, 600; 
 camphor, 60; oil of cloves, 2; oil of cinnamon, 
 1; oil of lavender, 0.5. 
 
 Acetyl (as'-et-i!) [acetum, vinegar], C 2 H 3 0. 
 A univalent radicle supposed to exist in acetic 
 acid and its derivatives. Aldehyd may be re- 
 garded as the hydrid, and acetic acid as the 
 hydrate, of acetyl. Syn., Acetosyl; Acetoyl; 
 Acetoxyl; Othyl. A. Anhydrid. See Acetic 
 Anhydrid. A. Benzene. See Acetophenone. 
 A. Bioxydamid. See Acetamid. A. Bro- 
 mid, C 2 H 3 BrO, a reaction-product of acetic 
 acid with phosphorus pentabromid; it is a 
 fuming liquid which turns yellow in the air; 
 it boils at 8i° C. It is used as a reagent. 
 A. Carbinol, CH 3 . CO . CH 2 OH, a satu- 
 rated ketol produced by the action of water 
 and barium carbonate upon chloracetone, 
 also by fusing cane-sugar and grape-sugar 
 with caustic potash. It is a colorless oil 
 
 with a feeble, peculiar odor; boils at 145 - 
 150 C. Syn., Pyroracemic alcohol ; Acetone 
 alcohol; O xy acetone ; Methyl ketol; AceioL 
 A. Chlorid, C 2 H 3 C10, a reaction-product 
 of acetic acid with phosphorus trichlorid; it 
 is a colorless, highly refracting, fuming liquid; 
 sp. gr. 1. 1305 at o° C; boils at 55 C. It is 
 used as a reagent. A. Ethylphenylhydrazin, 
 C l4 H 22 N 4 2 , colorless needles obtained by 
 heating a solution of ethylenephenylhydrazin 
 with an excess of acetic anhydrid. It is 
 recommended as an antipyretic. Syn., Plien- 
 ylhydrazinacetylethyl. A. Formyl. See Alde- 
 hyd, Pyroracemic. A. Hydrate, acetic acid. 
 A. Hydrid. Same as Acetic Aldehyd. See 
 under Aldehyd. A. Iodid, C 2 H 3 OI, a reac- 
 tion-product of acetic acid with iodin and 
 phosphorus; it is a brown, fuming liquid; sp. 
 gr. 1.98 at i7°C; boils at io5°-io8° C. A. 
 Isocyanid, (C 2 H 3 6) — N=Q a liquid in its 
 simple form, but capable of polymerization as 
 a crystalline solid. It boils at 93 C. Syn., 
 A cetic isocyanid ; Cyanacetyl. A. Isoeugenol , 
 the direct antecedent of vanillin in the manu- 
 facture of the synthetic product, and is used 
 as a substitute for vanillin. A. Leukomethy- 
 lene-blue, a colorless form of methylene-blue 
 for internal use. A. Methyl. See Acetone. 
 A. Oxid. Same as Acetic Anhydrid. A.- 
 paraamidophenylsalicylate. See Salophen. 
 A. Peroxid, (C 2 H 3 0) 2 2 , a thick liquid, 
 insoluble in water, but readily dissolved by 
 ether and alcohol. It is a powerful oxidizing 
 agent. It is decomposed in sunlight and ex- 
 plodes violently when heated. A. Phenyl- 
 hydrazid, A. Phenylhydrazin. Same as 
 Hydracetin and Pyrodin. A. Tannin, a 
 grayish-yellow, slightly hygroscopic, odorless, 
 tasteless powder, soluble in alcohol, dilute sodi- 
 um phosphate, sodium carbonate, or sodium 
 borate; slightly soluble in hot water and ether; 
 insoluble in cold water; melting at 190 C. It 
 is an astringent and is used internally in chronic 
 diarrhea. Externally, it is used in chronic 
 pharyngitis. Dose 3-7^ gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). 
 Application, 3 % solution in 5 % sodium phos- 
 phate. Maximum dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.) 
 daily. Syn., Tannigen. A. Thymol, C 12 H 16 - 
 2 , a colorless antiseptic liquid with a pungent 
 taste having a specific gravity of 1.009 at o° C. 
 and boiling at 244.4 C. Syn., Thymol 
 acetate. A. Tribromsalol, fine, white acicular 
 crystals which melt at 108. 5 ; insoluble in 
 water; soluble in alcohol. Syn., Cordyl. 
 ■ A. Urethane. See Urethane. 
 
 Acetylene (as-et f -il-en) [acetum, vinegar], C 2 H 2 . 
 A colorless gas, with a characteristic, un- 
 pleasant odor, burning with a luminous, 
 smoky flame. It is formed by the imperfect 
 combustion of illuminating gas and other 
 hydrocarbons.. The acetylene series of hy- 
 drocarbons has the general formula C n H 2n _ 2 . 
 
 Acetylization (as-et-il-i-za'-shun). The act of 
 combining with or producing compounds of 
 acetic acid or acetyl. 
 
 Ache (dk) [AS., acan, to ache]. Any con- 
 tinuous or throbbing pain. 
 
ACHEILIA 
 
 12 
 
 ACHROMATOSIS 
 
 Acheilia (ah-ki'-le-ah) [d, priv.; %£~doc, a. 
 lip]. The congenital absence of lips. 
 
 Acheilous (oh-ki'-lus) [see Acheilia]. Without 
 lips. 
 
 Acheiria (ah-ki'-re-ah) [d, priv.; %£~cp, a hand]. 
 The congenital absence of hands. 
 
 Acheirous (ah-ki'-rus) [see Acheiria]. Affected 
 with acheiria. 
 
 Achilia (ah-ki'-le-ah). See Acheilia. 
 
 Achillea (ak-il-e' -ah) {Achilles, its reputed dis- 
 coverer]. Milfoil; yarrow. The herb A. 
 millefolium. Its properties are due to a bit- 
 ter, aromatic, astringent, tonic extractive, 
 achillein, and a volatile oil. It has long 
 been used as a vulnerary, and has been 
 highly recommended for intermittent and low 
 exanthematous fevers. Dose i oz.-i pint 
 infusion ad lib.; of the extractive, 1-3 dr. 
 (4-12 Gm.); of the volatile oil, 5-15 min. 
 (0.3-1.0 Cc). Unof. To the genus Achillea 
 belong various other unofficial medicinal 
 plants, as A. moschata, of the Alps, used in 
 preparing cordials and a diaphoretic medi- 
 cine, and A. ptarmica, or sneezewort, a strong 
 sialagog. 
 
 Achillein, Achilleinum {ak-il-e' -in, -i'-num), 
 C 2 r 1 H3 8 N 2 15 . A glucosid obtained from 
 Achillea millefolium and A. moschata. It 
 occurs as a brownish-red, amorphous mass, 
 of a strongly bitter taste, soluble in water, 
 less soluble • in alcohol, insoluble in ether. 
 It is stated that divided doses up to 30-75 
 gr. (2-5 Gm.) cause marked irregularity of 
 the pulse. 
 
 Achilles Tendon (ak-il'-ez ten' -don). The ten- 
 don of the gastrocnemius and soleus mus- 
 cles, inserted into the back of the heel. 
 
 Achillobursitis {ak-il-o-bur-si' -tis) [achilles ten- 
 don; bursitis]. Inflammation of the bursas 
 lying approximate to the achilles tendon. 
 
 Achillodynia (ak-il-o-din f -e-ah) [achilles ten- 
 don; odbvq, pain]. Pain referred to the inser- 
 tion of the achilles tendon. 
 
 Achillorrhaphy (ak-il-or'-af-e) [achilles tendon; 
 pacj>7], suture]. Suture of the achilles ten- 
 don; practised by C. Bayer instead of achil- 
 lotomy for the sake of lengthening the ten- 
 don. This is exposed, the length divided 
 in half, the upper end of one side, the lower 
 end of the other, cut across, and both the 
 cut surfaces united by a suture. 
 
 Achillotomy (ak-il-ot' '-o-me) [achilles tendon; 
 TOfiTj, a cutting]. The subcutaneous division 
 of the achilles tendon. 
 
 Achlorhydria (ah-klor-hi'-dre-ah) [a, priv.; 
 ylojpbc, green; udcop, water]. Absence of free 
 hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice. 
 
 Achloropsia (ah-klor-op 1 '-se-ah) [d, priv.; 
 yXoupbc, green; b^cc, vision]. Green-blindness. 
 
 Acholia (ah-ko'-le-ah) [d, priv.; xoli), bile]. 
 1. Absence of biliary secretion. 2. Any con- 
 dition obstructing the escape of the bile into 
 the small intestine. 3. Asiatic cholera. 4. 
 A mild temperament. A., Pigmentary, that 
 in which there are deficiency of bile and lack 
 of color in the feces, but no jaundice. 
 Acholuria (ah-kol-u'-re-ah) [d, priv.; jo^tj, bile; 
 
 oupov, urine]. The absence of bile-pigment 
 in the urine. 
 Achor (a'-kor) [a%u)p, chaff, scurf, or dandruff]. 
 Crusta lactea, a small pustule, followed by 
 a scab, upon the heads of infants; milk-crust. 
 Achoresis (ah-kor-e'-sis) [d, priv.; %a>phv, to 
 make room; pi., achoreses). Grossi's term for 
 the diminished capacity of a hollow organ, as of 
 the bladder. Syn., Achoria. Cf . S ten ochoria. 
 
 Achorion (a-ko' -re-on) [dim. of aycop, chaff]. 
 A genus of fungous organisms, including 
 several species (possibly modified forms of 
 Penicillium glaucum) found in the skin, espe- 
 cially the hair-follicles. A. keratophagus, 
 the form causing Onychomycosis. A. le- 
 bertii, the parasite of Tinea tonsurans. A. 
 schonleinii, the species occurring in ring- 
 worm, or Tinea favosa. 
 
 Achras (ak'-ras) [dypdc, the wild pear]. A 
 genus of arboraceous plants of the order 
 Sapotacece. A. sapota [cochitzapotl, Mex.], 
 the sapodilla plum ; a species indigenous to 
 South America. The fruit is edible, sweet, 
 cloying ; said to be beneficial in strangury. 
 The seeds are laxative and diuretic ; they 
 are exhibited in emulsion in cases of gravel 
 and renal colic. The bitter astringent bark 
 {cortex jamaicensis) has been used as a sub- 
 stitute for cinchona bark. The bark and 
 seeds yield the glucosid sapotin. The sap 
 yields chicle-gum. 
 
 Achroma (ah-kro' '-mah) [d, priv.; ypajfia, color]. 
 Absence of color; albinism. Syn., Achrom- 
 asia; Achromatia ; Achromatosis ; Achromo- 
 dermia ; Vitiligo. A., Congenital. See Albin- 
 ism. A. cutis. See Leukoderma. 
 
 Achromacyte (ah-kro' -mas-it) [a, priv.; xpu>p.a, 
 color; kutoc, cell]. A degenerated, decolor- 
 ized erythrocyte; a "phantom" or shadow 
 corpuscle. Syn., TonfcVs shadow corpuscle; 
 Bizzozerd* s blood-platelet ; Hayem's corpuscle 
 or hematoblast. 
 
 Achromatic (ah-kro-mat'-dk) [d, priv.; xp(bp.a, 
 color]. Without color. A. Lens, one the 
 dispersing power of which is exactly neu- 
 tralized by another lens with the same cur- 
 vature, but having a different refractive index. 
 
 Achroma tin {ah-kro' -mat-in) [d, priv.; ^w/xa, 
 color]. The groundwork of the nucleus of 
 a cell; it is so called because it is not readily 
 stained by coloring agents. 
 
 Achromatism (ah-kro' -mat-izm) [d, priv.; 
 ip&>p.a, color]. Absence of chromatic aberra- 
 tion. 
 
 Achromatophil (ah-kro-mal'-o-fil) [d, priv.; 
 Xpcbfia, color; <f>cXecv, to love]. 1. Showing 
 no affinity for stains. 2. A microbe or his- 
 tologic element which does not stain readily. 
 
 Achromatopsia (ah-kro-mat-op' -se-ah) [a, priv.; 
 Xptipta, color; o</vf, sight]. Color-blindness; 
 daltonism. A., Partial, a form in which 
 only one pair of colors, which to the normal 
 eye are complementary, appear gray or white. 
 A., Total, that in which all the colors ap- 
 pear as white or gray. 
 
 Achromatosis (ah-kro-mat-o'-sis) [d, priv.; 
 Xpwpa, color]. Any disease characterized by 
 
ACHROMIA 
 
 13 
 
 ACID 
 
 deficiency of pigmentation in the integumen- 
 tary tissues. 
 
 Achromia {ah-kro' -me-ah) . See Achroma. 
 
 Achromodermia {ah-kro-mo-der' -me-ah) [a, 
 priv.; ipioixa, color; dip/xa, skin]. An al- 
 binotic or colorless state of the skin. 
 
 Achromotrichia {ah-kro -mo -trik' '-e-ah) [a, priv.; 
 Xptilia, color; dpc£, hair]. Absence of pig- 
 ment from the hair. 
 
 Achronizoic {ah-kron-e-zo'-ik) [a, priv.; xpovc- 
 £etv, to hold out]. A term applied to drugs 
 which are incapable of remaining unchanged 
 for any length of time. 
 
 Achronychous {ak-ron'-ik-us). See Acrony- 
 chous. 
 
 Achroodextrin {ah-kro-o-deks' -trin) [a-xpooc, 
 colorless; dexter, right]. A reducing dex- 
 trin formed by the action of the diastatic 
 ferment of saliva upon starch. It is a modi- 
 fication of dextrin and may be precipitated 
 by alcohol; it is not converted into sugar by 
 ptyalin, nor colored by iodin. 
 
 Achylia {ah-ki' -le-ah) [a, priv.; £uA6f, juice]. 
 Absence of chyle. Syn., Achylosis. A. 
 gastrica, Einhorn's term for a condition of 
 the stomach marked by destruction of the 
 glandular structures with resulting absence 
 of chyme, ferment, and even mucus; called 
 anadenia gastrica by Ewald. 
 
 Achylous {ah-ki'-lus) [see Achylia]. Deficient 
 in chyle. 
 
 Achymosis {ah-ki-mo' -sis) [d, priv.; x u !*°C> 
 chyme]. Deficient formation of chyme. 
 
 Achymous {ah-ki'-mus) [see Achymosis]. De- 
 ficient in chyme. 
 
 Acicular {as-ik' -u-lar) [acus, a needle]. Needle- 
 like. 
 
 Acid, Acidum {as' -id, -um) [acere, to be sour], i. 
 A name applied to any substance having a 
 sour taste. 2. A compound of an electronega- 
 tive element with one or more atoms of hydro- 
 gen which can be replaced by electropositive 
 or basic atoms. The majority of acids contain 
 oxygen, and are known as oxyacids; those 
 not containing oxygen are termed hydrogen 
 acids. Acids vary in their terminations 
 according to the quantity of oxygen or other 
 electronegative constituent. Those having 
 the maximum of oxygen end in -ic; those of 
 a lower degree, in -ous. When there are 
 more than two combinations, the prefix 
 hyper- is joined to the highest, and hypo- 
 to the lowest. Acids that end in -ic, as 
 sulfuric acid, form salts terminating in -ate; 
 those ending in -ous form salts terminating 
 in -ite. A., Abietic. See Abietic. A., 
 Abric, C 12 H 24 N 3 0, a crystallizable acid, said 
 to exist in jequirity. A., Absinthic, an 
 acid obtained from wormwood; said to be 
 identical with succinic acid. A., Acetic, an 
 acid solution composed of 36 parts of abso- 
 lute acetic acid, C 2 H 4 2 , and 64 parts of 
 water. It has strongly acid properties. A., 
 Acetic, Dilute, contains 6 % of absolute 
 acid. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). An impure 
 form, obtained by the destructive distillation 
 of wood, is known as wood-vinegar ? or pyro- 
 
 ligneous acid. A., Acetic, Glacial, the 
 absolute acid occurring in crystals melting at 
 22. 5 C. It is an escharotic. A., Aconitic, 
 C 6 H 6 6> occurs in different plants, as Aconi- 
 tum napellus, sugar-cane, and beet-root. 
 It crystallizes in small plates that dissolve 
 readilv in alcohol, ether, and water, and melt 
 at i86°-i87°. A., Acrylic. 1. CH 2 =CH.- 
 CO . OH = C 3 H 4 2 . A monobasic acid which 
 may be considered as the oxid of acrolein, a 
 colorless liquid. 2. A general term for or- 
 ganic acids of the group C n H 2n _ 2 2 , com- 
 prising two groups, the normal acrylic and 
 the isoacrylic acids. Normal acrylic acids 
 occur in vegetable or animal organisms or 
 are derived from natural products. Isoacrylic 
 acids are formed synthetically by the abstrac- 
 tion of the elements of water from certain 
 acid ethers, which in turn are derived from 
 oxalic acid by substituting 2 molecules of an 
 alcohol radicle of the series C n H 2n -t-! for an 
 atom of hydrogen. A., Adipic, C 6 H 10 O 4 , ob- 
 tained by oxidizing fats with nitric acid. It 
 crystallizes in shining leaflets or prisms ; is 
 soluble in 13 parts of cold water; melts at 
 148 . It is dibasic. A., Agaric, A., Agaricic, 
 C 16 H 30 . 5 + H 2 0, a resin acid obtained from 
 the fungus Polyporus officinalis, growing on 
 larch trees. The acid has been recom- 
 mended for checking night-sweats. It also 
 checks the other excretions and diminishes 
 thirst. It is mildly cathartic. A.s, Alcohol, 
 c "H" ^OH 
 
 n 2 n< \Q0 2 H, monobasic acids having the 
 properties of the monohydric alcohols. They 
 are distinguished as primary, secondary, and 
 tertiary, according as they contain, in ad- 
 dition to the carboxyl group, the group 
 — CH 2 OH, the radicle == CHOH, or the group 
 — C . OH. Syn., Oxyacids; Hydroxy-jatty 
 acids. Cf. A ., Glycollic. A.s, Aldehyd, bodies 
 which combine the properties of a carboxylic 
 acid and of an aldehyd. A., Aldepalmitic, 
 C 16 H 30 O 2 , the chief component of the butter 
 of the "cow. A., Alloxanic, C 4 H 2 N 2 4 , a 
 crystalline acid obtained by treating alloxan 
 with alkalis. A., Amidoacetic. See Glycin. 
 A., Amidobenzoic, C 7 H 7 N0 2 , occasionally 
 found in the urine. A., Amidosuccinamic. 
 Same as Asparagin. A., Anacardic, C 22 - 
 H 32 3 , a tetratomic acid obtained by Stadler 
 from the cashew-nut. It is used as an an- 
 thelmintic in the form of ammonium anacar- 
 date. A., Angelic, C 5 H 8 2 , a crystalline 
 monobasic acid. It exists free along with 
 valeric and acetic acids in the roots of Angelica 
 archangelica, and as~ butyl and amyl esters in 
 Roman oil of cumin. It crystallizes in shin- 
 ing prisms, melts at 45 , and boils at 185 . 
 It has a peculiar odor and taste. A., Anisic, 
 C 8 H 8 3 , obtained by oxidizing anisol and 
 anethol with HNO s , and from aniseed by the 
 action of oxidizing substances. It is anti- 
 septic and antipyretic, and is used in the 
 treatment of wounds and acute articular rheu- 
 matism. Dose of the sodium salt 15 gr. 
 (1 Gm.). Syn., Methyl par aoxybenzoic acid, 
 
ACID 
 
 14 
 
 ACID 
 
 A., Anisuric, C 10 H u NO 2 , an acid formed by 
 the action of anisyl chlorid on the silver com- 
 pound of glycocoll; it also occurs in the urine 
 after the ingestion of anise. A., Anticyclic, a 
 white, fragrant powder with pleasant, acid taste, 
 readily soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol; 
 it is used as an antipyretic. Dose T ^ gr. 
 (0.0006 Gm.). A., Apocrenic, Berzelius' 
 term for a brown, amorphous substance ob- 
 tained from the sediment of chalybeate 
 waters. A., Arabic. See Arabin. A., Ar- 
 achic, A., Arachidic, A., Arachinic, C^H^- 
 2 = C 19 H 39 . CO OH, a monobasic fatty acid 
 obtained from oil of peanut, Arachis hypogcea. 
 A., Argentic, silver monoxid. A., Aromatic, 
 a name applied to certain organic acids 
 occurring in the balsams, resins, and other 
 odoriferous principles. Also, in pharmacy, 
 a dilute mineral acid reinforced by aromatic 
 substances in order to modify its flavor. A., 
 Arsenic, A., Arsenous. See Arsenic Tri- 
 oxid. A., Arsinic, any one of a class of acids 
 formed by the oxidation of arsins or arsonium 
 compounds. A., Aseptic, an antiseptic so- 
 lution consisting of an aqueous solution of 5 
 Gm. of boric acid in 1000 Gm. of hydrogen 
 dioxid (1.5 %); 3 Gm. of salicylic acid may be 
 added. A., Asparagic, A., Asparaginic, A., 
 Asparamic. Same as A., A spartic. A., As- 
 partic, C 4 H 7 N0 4 , occurs in the vinasse ob- 
 tained from the beet-root, and is procured from 
 albuminous bodies in various reactions. It is 
 prepared by boiling asparagin with alkalis and 
 acids; crystallizes in rhombic dibasic prisms or 
 leaflets, and dissolves with difficulty in water. 
 A., Aspartic, Inactive, NH 2 C 2 H 3 (C0 2 H) 2 , 
 formed by heating aspartic acid with water 
 or with alcoholic ammonia to i40°-i5o° C, or 
 with HO to i7o°-i8o° C. Syn., Asparacemic 
 acid. A., Atrolactic, C 9 H 10 O 3 , a. monobasic 
 acid obtained from acetophenone by means 
 of prussic acid and H 2 S0 4 or dilute HC1. A., 
 Auric, Au(OH),, gold trihydroxid. A., Aze- 
 laic, A., Azeiainic, C 9 H 16 4 , an oxida- 
 tion-product of oleic acid, Chinese wax, 
 castor oil, or cocoanut oil; soluble in water, 
 alcohol, and ether, melts at io6°-io7° C, 
 and boils at 360 C. Syn., Anchoic acid; 
 Lepargylic acid; Azelic acid ; Azeloinic acid. 
 A., Benzamic. See A., Amidobenzoic. A., 
 Benzoic, C 7 H 6 2 , occurs free in some 
 resins, chiefly in gum benzoin and in coal-tar. 
 It crystallizes in white, shining needles or leaf- 
 lets, melts at 120 , and distils at 250 . It 
 volatilizes readily, its vapor possessing a pecu- 
 liar odor. A., Blattic. See Antihydropin. A., 
 Boric, A.,Boracic. See Boron. A. of Borax, 
 orthoboric acid. A., Borocitric, a combina- 
 tion of boric and citric acid forming a white 
 powder which is used as a solvent for urates 
 and phosphates in urinary calculi, gout, etc. 
 Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.). A.,Borophen- 
 ylic, Q;H 7 B0 2 , obtained by the action of 
 phosphorus oxychlorid upon a mixture of 
 boric acid and phenol. It is an antiseptic 
 white powder with a mild aromatic taste, not 
 easily soluble in water, melting at 2 04° C, 
 
 It is fatal to lower forms of life, but does not 
 affect the higher forms. Syn., Phenylboric acid. 
 A., Borosalicylic, B(OH)(OC 6 H 4 . CO,H) 2 , 
 a combination of boric and salicylic acids in 
 molecular proportion. It is used externally 
 instead of salicylic acid. A., Brom-, one in 
 which bromin has replaced one or more atoms 
 of hydrogen in the acid radicle. A., Brom- 
 acetic. See A ., Monobromacetic. A. , Brom- 
 hydric, hydrobromic acid. A., Bursic, A., 
 Bursinic, a yellow, hygroscopic mass ob- 
 tained from an aqueous extract of Capsella 
 bursa-pastoris by the action of lead acetate 
 and ammonia and evaporating. Its aqueous 
 solution is used in the same manner as ergotin, 
 hypodermatically and also internally. A., 
 Butic, A., Butinic. See A., Arachic. A., 
 Butyric, C 4 H 8 O z , an acid having a viscid 
 appearance and rancid smell. It is obtained 
 commercially by the fermentation of a 
 mixture of sugar and butter or cheese 
 in the presence of an alkaline carbonate, 
 but occurs in various plants, in cod- 
 liver oil, in the juice of meats, and in the 
 perspiration. Combined with glycerol as 
 glyceryl butyrate, it is essentially butter. A., 
 Cacodylic. See A., Dime thy larsenic. A., 
 Caffeic, C 9 H 8 4 , obtained when the tannin of 
 coffee is boiled with potassium hydroxid. A., 
 Camphoric, C ]0 H 16 O 4 , a dibasic acid, ob- 
 tained by boiling camphor with HN0 3 ; it 
 crystallizes from hot water in colorless leaflets ; 
 melts at 178 , and decomposes into water and 
 its anhydrid, C 8 H 14 (CO) 2 0. It is used in 
 night-sweats of phthisis. Dose 10-30 gr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.). A., Capric, C 9 H 19 CO.OH, 
 occurs in small quantity as a glycerid in cow's 
 butter. It crystallizes in fine needles, melting 
 at 30 C, and is very insoluble in boiling 
 water. A., Caproic, C 6 H 12 2 , the sixth in 
 the series of fatty acids; a clear, mobile oil, 
 colorless, inflammable, and with a very acid 
 and penetrating taste. A., Caprylic, C 7 H 15 - 
 CO.OH, an acid combined with glycerol, 
 forming a glycerid existing in various animal 
 fats; it is liquid at ordinary temperatures. 
 A., Carbamic, H 2 N.CO.OH, carbonic acid 
 in which NH 2 replaces OH; it is not known in 
 the free state; its ammonium salt is contained 
 in commercial ammonium carbonate. The 
 esters of carbamic acid are called urethanes. 
 A., Carbazotic. See A., Picric. A., Car- 
 bolic, C 6 H 5 OH, phenol, — the official desig- 
 nation of this substance, — is procured from 
 coal-tar by fractional distillation. It has a 
 very peculiar and characteristic odor, a burn- 
 ing taste, is poisonous, and has antiseptic 
 properties. The sp. gr. at the melting-point 
 is 1. 060-1. 066; it crystallizes in colorless 
 rhombic needles that melt at about 40 C, 
 boiling at about 180 , and it is not decom- 
 posed upon distillation. At ordinary tempera- 
 tures it dissolves in water with difficulty 
 (1 : 19.6 at 25 C), but is soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, glacial acetic acid, and glycerol in all 
 proportions. It unites with bases to form 
 salts, known as carbolates. Upon exposure to 
 
ACID 
 
 15 
 
 ACID 
 
 light and air it deliquesces and acquires a 
 pinkish color. It is used in the manufacture 
 of many of the artificial coloring-matters, 
 e. g., picric acid. It is a powerful antiseptic and 
 germicide. Internally it is useful in vomiting, 
 fermentation in the stomach, and as an in- 
 testinal antiseptic; locally, as a caustic. 
 Dose, internally, \-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.). 
 A., Carbolic, Camphorated, a mixture of 
 phenol 1 part and camphor 3 parts. A., 
 Carbolic, Chlorinated. See Trichlor phenol. 
 A., Carbolic, Iodized, a solution of 20 parts 
 of iodin in 76 parts of phenol with the 
 addition of 4 parts of glycerol. It is used as 
 an antiseptic and escharotic. A. Carbolic. 
 Liquefactum (B. P.). Dose 1-2 min. (0.06- 
 0.13 Cc). A., Carbolsulfuric, a mixture of 
 equal parts of phenol and concentrated sul- 
 furic acid. It is used as a disinfectant in 2 to 
 3% solution. A., Carbonaceous. See Car- 
 bon Dioxid. A., Carbonic, C0 2 , carbon 
 dioxid; an ultimate product of the combustion 
 of carbon compounds; a colorless, odorless gas, 
 heavier than air, incapable of sustaining res- 
 piration. A., Carminic, C 17 H ls O 10 , a color- 
 ing-matter found in the buds of certain plants, 
 and especially in cochineal, an insect inhabit- 
 ing different varieties of cactus. It is an 
 amorphous, purple-red mass, readily soluble in 
 water and alcohol, and yields red salts with 
 the alkalis. A., Caseic, lactic acid {q. v.). 
 A., Cathartic, A., Cathartinic, an active 
 principle from several species of Cassia. 
 A., Cerotic, C 27 H 54 2 , a fatty acid exist- 
 ing in beeswax and in Chinese wax. A.- 
 characteristic, the replaceable hydrogen 
 and the elements immediately bound to it 
 in the molecule of an acid, as the CO . OH 
 of organic acids. A., Chloracetic [chlorin 
 and acetic], an acid, called also monochlor- 
 acetic acid produced by the substitution of 
 chlorin for the hydrogen of the radicle in 
 acetic acid. It is sometimes used as a caus- 
 tic. A., Chloric, HC10 3 , an acid known 
 only in its compounds {chlorates) and its 
 aqueous solution. A., Cholalic. See A., 
 Cholic. A., Cholesteric, C 12 H 10 O 7 , an acid 
 obtained by Tappeiner from the oxidation 
 of cholic acid with potassium dichromate and 
 sulfuric acid. This must not be confounded 
 with cholesterinic acid. A., Cholesterinic, 
 C s H in 5 , a dibasic acid obtained from cho- 
 lesterin and from cholic acid by action of 
 nitric acid; it occurs as a gum-like, yellow, 
 hygroscopic body with an acrid taste. A., 
 Cholic, A., Cholalic, C 24 H 42 5 , from gly- 
 cocholic and taurocholic acids; it crystallizes 
 from out of a hot solution in small anhydrous 
 prisms, sparingly soluble in water, and melt- 
 ing at 195 . A., Chromic {chromii tri- 
 oxidum, U. S. P.), strictly, the compound 
 H 2 Cr0 4 ; it forms salts called chromates. 
 It is a crystalline solid; escharotic. A., Chry- 
 sophanic, C n H 10 O 4 , exists in the lichen, 
 Parmelia parietina, in senna leaves, and in the 
 rhubarb root. It crystallizes in golden-yellow 
 needles or prisms, melting at 162 . Syn., 
 
 Rheinic acid. See Chrysarobin. A.,Cincho- 
 tannic. See Cinchotannin. A., Cinnamic, 
 C 9 H 8 2 , occurs in peru and tolu balsams, 
 in storax, and in some benzoin resins. It 
 has been used in tuberculosis, both in- 
 ternally and externally. Dose 1-10 min. 
 (0.06-0.65 Cc.) hypodermatically. A., Citric, 
 C 6 H 8 7 , occurs free in lemons, black cur- 
 rants, bilberries, beets, and in various other 
 acid fruits. It crystallizes with one molecule 
 of water in large rhombic prisms that melt 
 at ioo°, are colorless, inodorous, and ex- 
 tremely sharp in taste. It is refrigerant, 
 antiseptic, and diuretic. A., Colopholic, A., 
 Colophonic, an acid obtained from turpen- 
 tine; it is used in plasters. A., Copahuvic, 
 A., Copaivic, C 20 H 30 O 2 , an almost colorless, 
 coarsely crystalline powder, obtained from 
 copaiba; it is soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 benzene. Sometimes written Copaibic A. 
 A., Cresolsulfuric, C 7 H 7 . S0 2 .OH, exists 
 in the urine in small traces. A., Cresotic, 
 A., Cresotinic, C 8 H 8 3 , an aromatic hydroxy 
 acid of which 3 isomeric compounds may 
 be formed by the action of sodium and car- 
 bonic anhydrid on the 3 modifications of cre- 
 sol. They all occur in acicular crystals. The 
 para compound, melting at 151 C, is used 
 as an antipyretic in the form of sodium creso- 
 late. Dose 2-20 gr. (0.13-1.3 Gm.); maxi- 
 mum dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.). Syn., Oxytoluic 
 acid; Homo salicylic acid. A., Cresylic. See 
 Cresol. A., Cubebic, C 13 H l4 7 (?), a white, 
 waxy mass, turning brown on exposure, ob- 
 tained from cubeb berries, the unripe fruit of 
 Piper cubeba, soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
 alkaline solutions, and used as a diuretic. 
 Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.) in pills several 
 times daily. A.,Cumic, C 10 H 12 O 2 , produced 
 by the oxidation of cuminic alcohol with 
 dilute HNO3. Very soluble in water and 
 alcohol; crystallizes in colorless needles or 
 leaflets; melts at 11 6° and boils at about 
 290 . A., Cyanic, CONH, obtained by heat- 
 ing polymeric cyanuric acid. A., Cyanuric. 
 See A., Tricyanic. A., Diacetic, C 4 H 6 O s , 
 an acid present in the urine in certain stages* 
 of diabetes and other diseased conditions. 
 A., Dichloracetic, CHC1 2 . C0 2 H ; produced 
 when hydrated chloral is heated with CNK or 
 potassium ferrocyanid and water. At ordinary 
 temperature it occurs as a caustic, colorless 
 liquid, but crystallizes at a low temperature. 
 Sp. gr., 1.522 at 15 C; boils at i8a°-ioi 
 C; soluble in water and alcohol. It is used 
 as an escharotic in skin diseases. A., Diiodo- 
 salicylic, C 7 H 4 I 2 3 , a white, crystalline pow- 
 der, soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly solu- 
 ble in water, and melting at 2 20°-230° C. 
 It is antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic, 
 and is used' in rheumatism and gout. Dose 
 8-20 gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily 
 in wafers; maximum dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.). A., 
 Dimethylarsenic, As(CH 3 ) 2 OOH, a sub- 
 stance formed by the oxidation of cacodyl, 
 occurring in large, permanent prisms, odor- 
 less and slightly sour. It is soluble in water 
 
ACID 
 
 16 
 
 ACID 
 
 and alcohol and melts at 200 C. It is con- 
 sidered not to be toxic, and because of its 
 solubility is easily absorbed. Syn., Cacodylic 
 acid. A., Dithiochlorsalicylic, SC 6 H . CI. 
 OH . COOH, a reddish-yellow powder ob- 
 tained by heating a mixture of salicylic acid 
 and sulfur chlorid to 140 C. It is recom- 
 mended as an antiseptic. A., Dithiosa- 
 licylic, C l4 H 10 S 2 O 6 , obtained from salicylic 
 acid and sulfur chlorid heated to 150 C, and 
 existing in two modifications differing in the 
 solubility of their salts. It is an antiseptic, 
 analgesic, antipyretic, yellowish-gray powder, 
 partly soluble in water. Its lithium and sod- 
 ium salts only are used in medicine as substi- 
 tutes for salicylic acid. A., Doeglic, C 19 H 36 - 
 Oj, a crystalline monobasic acid obtained 
 from the oil of the doegling, or bottle-nosed 
 whale. A., Dracic, A., Draconic, A., Dra- 
 conylic. See A., Anisic. A., Ethylenelac- 
 
 tic, CH 2 (OH) . CH 2 
 
 C,H fi O„ an 
 
 acid isomeric with ethidene lactic acid or the 
 lactic acid of fermentation; is obtained 
 from acrylic acid by heating with aqueous 
 sodium hydroxid to ioo° C. and in var- 
 ious other ways. It is a thick, uncrystal- 
 lizable syrup; on heating it loses water and 
 is converted into acrylic acid. Syn., Hydra- 
 crylic acid; ft -Oxy propionic acid; ^-Hyd- 
 roxy propionic acid. A., Ethylenephenylhy- 
 drazinsuccinic, C 20 H 22 N 4 O 6 , an acid obtained 
 from an alcoholic solution of ethylenephenyl- 
 hydrazin and succinic anhydrid by boiling. 
 It occurs in acicular crystals, soluble in water. 
 It is used as an antipyretic. A., Ethylidene- 
 lactic, lactic acid. A., Fatty, a monobasic 
 acid formed by the oxidation of a primary 
 alcohol. The fatty acids have a general 
 formula of C n H 2a 2 . Syn., Aliphatic acid. A., 
 Fellic, C 23 H 40 O 4 , a crystalline cholic acid 
 obtained by Schotten from human bile; it 
 is due to admixture with this acid that cholic 
 acid from human bile differs in appearance 
 from that obtained from other sources. A., 
 Fluoric, hydrofluoric acid in aqueous solu- 
 tion; a strong escharotic. A., Formic, CH 2 2 , 
 an acid obtained from a fluid emitted by ants 
 when irritated; it is also found in stinging 
 nettles, in shoots of the pine, and in various 
 animal secretions. It is prepared by heating 
 oxalic acid and glycerol. It is a colorless, 
 mobile fluid, with a pungent odor ; it is a 
 vesicant. A., Gallic, C 7 H 6 5 , occurs free 
 in nutgalls, in tea, and in the fruit of 
 various other plants. It is obtained from 
 ordinary tannic acid by boiling it with dilute 
 acids. It crystallizes in fine, silky needles 
 containing one molecule of water. It dis- 
 solves slowly in water and readily in alco- 
 hol and ether; has a faintly acid, astringent 
 taste; melts at near 220 . It is astringent 
 and disinfectant; useful in night-sweats, dia- 
 betes, and chronic diarrhea. A., Gaultheric. 
 See Methyl Salicylate. A., Gluconic, C 6 H 12 - 
 7 , formed by the oxidation of dextrose, cane- 
 sugar, dextrin, starch, and maltose with chlor- 
 in or bromin water, Most readily obtained 
 
 from glucose. It is dextrorotatory, but does 
 not reduce Fehling's solution. Melts at 200 . 
 A., Glycerinophosphoric, A., Glycerin- 
 phosphoric, C 3 H 9 PO e , a dibasic acid in 
 combination with the fatty acids and cholm 
 as lecithin in the yolk of eggs, in bile, in the 
 brain, and in the nervous tissue. It is formed 
 by mixing glycerol with metaphosphoric acid. 
 It is a pale yellow, oily liquid, without odor, 
 having a sour taste; soluble in water and 
 alcohol; is used in the treatment of neuras- 
 thenia, tabes, etc. Dose 1J-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 
 Gm.) 3 times daily. A., Glycerinsulfuric, 
 C 3 H 8 S0 6 , a monobasic body forming a series 
 of salts called glycerosulfates. Syn., Sulfogly- 
 ceric acid. A., Glycerosulfuric. See A., 
 Glycerinsulfuric. A., Glycocholic, C 26 H 43 - 
 NO e , a monobasic acid found in bile; spar- 
 ingly soluble in water and crystallizing in 
 minute needles. A., Glycollic, C 2 H 4 3 , 
 oxyacetic acid, produced by the action of 
 nascent hydrogen upon oxalic acid. It is a 
 thick syrup that gradually crystallizes on 
 standing over sulfuric acid; the crystals melt 
 at 8o° and deliquesce in the air. It dissolves 
 readily in alcohol, water, or ether. A. , Glycu- 
 ronic, C 6 H 10 O 7 . This acid has been found 
 in urine; it probably does not exist there 
 normally, but appears after taking certain 
 drugs, as benzol, indol, nitrobenzol, and 
 the quinin derivatives. A., Guaiacolcar- 
 bonic, A., Guaiacolcarboxylic, C 8 H 8 4 , a 
 monobasic crystalline acid, melting at 150 
 C. It is antiseptic and antipyretic. A., 
 Gummic. See Arabin. A., Gymnemic, 
 C 32 H 55 O l2 , a greenish -white, amorphous pow- 
 der with a harsh acid taste, soluble in al- 
 cohol and chloroform and slightly soluble 
 in water and ether. It is obtained from 
 the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, and ob- 
 tunds the taste for bitter or sweet things, 
 but not for sour, pungent, or astringent ones. 
 It is used as a mouth-wash in 12 % hydro- 
 alcoholic solution before taking nauseous 
 medicines. A., Helvellaic, an acid which 
 destroys red blood-corpuscles, obtained by 
 Bohm from juice of the mushrooms belong- 
 ing to the genus Helvella. A., Helvellic, 
 C l2 H 20 O 7 , an acid obtained from fresh bella- 
 donna, occurring as a yellow, transparent, 
 syrupy liquid of strong acid reaction. A., 
 Hippuric, C 9 H 9 N0 3 , occurs in considerable 
 amount in the urine of herbivorous animals, 
 sometimes in that of man. It crystallizes 
 in rhombic prisms, and dissolves readily 
 in hot water and alcohol. Syn., Benzoyl gly- 
 cocoll. A., Hydra-. See Hydrogen Acids 
 under Acid. A.,Hydracrylic, C 3 H 6 3 , an acid 
 isomeric with lactic acid. See A., Ethylene- 
 lactic. A., Hydriodic, HI, a gaseous acid. 
 Its solution {acidum hydriodicum diluium, U. S. 
 P.) and a syrup prepared from it, syrupus 
 acidi hydriodici (U. S. P.), are used as altera- 
 tives, with the general effects of iodin. Dose 
 of the syrup 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). A., Hydri- 
 odic, Dilute, a 10 % solution of hydriodic acid 
 in 90 % of water; an alterative of especial value 
 
 
ACID 
 
 17 
 
 ACID 
 
 in scrofulosis of children. A., Hydro- 
 bromic, HBr; the dilute acid, which is 
 the chief form used, consists of 10 parts 
 acid and 90 parts water. It is a solvent 
 for quinin, is useful in hysteria, congestive 
 headaches, and neuralgia, and is recom- 
 mended as a substitute for potassium and 
 sodium bromids. Dose 20 min.-2 dr. (1.3- 
 8.0 Cc). A., Hydrochloric, HC1, a liquid 
 consisting of 31.9% by weight of HC1 gas 
 in 68.1 % of water. It is colorless, pun- 
 gent and intensely acid. Syn., Muriatic 
 acid. A., Hydrochloric, Dilute, a 10 % 
 solution of absolute acid in water. Valu- 
 able as an aid to digestion. Dose 3-10 
 min. (0.19-0.65 Cc). A., Hydrocyanic, 
 Aqueous, the hydrocyanic acid obtained 
 by distillation, which contains a certain per- 
 centage of water before removal by fractional 
 distillation and desiccation. A., Hydro- 
 cyanic, Dilute, HCN, a liquid consisting 
 of 2 % of the acid with 98 % of water 
 and alcohol. It possesses an odor like that 
 of bitter almonds. Prussic acid is found in 
 the bitter almond, the leaves of the peach, 
 and in the cherry-laurel, from the leaves of 
 which it is distilled. It is one of the most 
 active poisons known, death from complete as- 
 phyxia being almost instantaneous. It is valu- 
 able for its sedative effects in vomiting, whoop- 
 ing-cough, and spasmodic affections. Dose 
 1-3 min. (0.06-0.2 Cc). 'Syn., Prussic acid. A., 
 Hydrocyanic, Vapor, 1 part of dilute acid 
 in 4-6 parts of water, warmed, and the 
 vapor inhaled to relieve irritable coughs. A., 
 Hydrofluoric, HF, a compound of hydrogen 
 and fluorin; powerfully corrosive, used for 
 etching on glass. A., Hydrosulfuric, H 2 S, 
 a gas formed during the putrefaction of 
 albuminous substances; it occurs in sulfur 
 mineral waters, and is produced by the 
 action of mineral acids on metallic sulfids. 
 It has the odor of rotten eggs. Syn., 
 Hydrogen sulfid ; Sulfureted hydrogen ; 
 Sulfhydric acid. A., Hypochlorous, HCIO, 
 an unstable compound, important as a dis- 
 infecting and bleaching agent. A., Hypo- 
 geic, A., Hypogaeic, C l6 H 30 O 2 , a monobasic 
 acid found in peanut (Arachis hypogcea) oil, 
 occurring as fine, colorless, stellate groups of 
 needles which melt at 33 C. and solidify 
 again at 28°-3o° C; soluble in alcohol and 
 ether; insoluble in water. A., Hypophos- 
 phorous, H 3 P0 2 ; its salts (hypophosphites), 
 also the dilute acid, and a syrup prepared 
 *from it, are used as remedial agents. A., 
 Ichthyolsulfonic, C 28 H 3S S 3 6 , an acid pro- 
 duced from Tyrolean bituminous mineral 
 by the action of sulfuric acid; it is 
 strongly acid and contains about 16.4% of 
 sulfur. It is antiphlogistic and astringent, 
 and is used in the form of its salts, chiefly 
 "ichthyol," the ammonium salt. A., Ind- 
 oxylsulfuric, an acid that, combined with 
 potassium, occurs in the urine as indican. 
 A., Inorganic, a mineral acid or one in 
 which the carboxyl group CO . OH is ab- 
 3 
 
 sent. A., Iodic, HIO s , a monobasic acid. 
 Its solution (2 %) has been recommended 
 as an alterative by subcutaneous injection. 
 A., Iodosobenzoic, C 6 H 4 . OI . COOH 2 , a 
 compound analogous in action to iodoform. 
 A., Isobutylcarbonic, A., Isobutylcarbox- 
 ylic. See A., Valeric, Normal. A., Iso- 
 butylformic, A., Isopropylacetic. See A., 
 Isovaleric. A., Isovaleric, (CH 3 ) 2 . CH .- 
 CH 2 . C0 2 H, an isomer of valeric acid, ob- 
 tained from oil of valerian or from oxida- 
 tion of amyl-alcohol; occurs as a transpar- 
 ent, colorless, oily liquid with odor of valerian 
 and old cheese; melts at 51 C; boils at 
 1 74 C. Sp. gr., 0.9470 at o° C. Used in 
 nervous affections. Maximum dose 10 drops; a 
 day, 40 drops. Syn., Monohydrated valerianic 
 acid; Valerianic acid; Primary pentoic acid; 
 Isobutyl carboxyl; Isopropylacetic acid. A., 
 Jecoleic, an acid forming one of the essen- 
 tial constituents of cod-liver oil and isomeric 
 with doeglic acid. A., Kombic, a compound 
 obtained by Fraser in the lead precipitate 
 from an aqueous solution of alcoholic ex- 
 tract of strophanthin. It is freely soluble 
 in water and of strongly acid reaction. A. , 
 Lactic, HC 3 H 5 3 , a liquid containing 75 % of 
 absolute acid in 25 % of water, produced in the 
 fermentation of milk. It is useful in aid- 
 ing digestion, in diabetes, in tuberculosis of 
 the larynx, and as a solvent of false mem- 
 brane in diphtheria. Dose \ dr.-| oz. 
 (2-16 Cc.) in the 24 hours. A., Lactic, 
 Diluted (B. P.), lactic acid, 3 oz., distilled 
 water, sufficient to make one pint. Dose 
 \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). A., Lactolactic, ' A., 
 Lactylolactic, C t H 10 O 5 , a monobasic acid 
 obtained from a solution of lactic acid 
 heated to 130 to 140 C. Syn., Laclyl 
 lactate; Lactic anhydrid; Laclyl anhydrid. 
 A., Lanoceric, C 30 H f0 O 4 , an acid result- 
 ing from the saponification of lanolin; it 
 melts at 104 C. A., Lanopalmitic, 
 C 16 Hg 2 3> resulting from the saponification of 
 lanolin. It melts at 87 . A., Leucamic. 
 See Leucin. A., Levulinic, C 5 H s O a , obtained 
 from levulose, cellulose, cane-sugar, etc.; a 
 very hygroscopic crystalline substance, sol- 
 uble in water, ether, or alcohol, and melting 
 at 33-5° c - -A-., Linoleic, Ci 6 H 28 2 , occurs 
 as a glycerid in drying oils, such as linseed 
 oil, hemp oil, poppy oil, and nut oil. A., 
 Lupamaric, the bitter acid of hops. A., 
 Lysuric, C 6 H 12 (C0C e H 5 ) 2 N 2 2 , a substance 
 obtained by Drechsel from lysin by action of 
 benzoyl chlorid. A., Maleic, A., Maleinic, 
 C 4 H 4 6 4 , obtained from malic acid by dis- 
 tillation; it occurs in prisms, soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether, melting at 130 
 C, boiling at 160 C. A., Malic, C 4 H,b 5 , 
 a bibasic acid, occurring free or in the form 
 of salts in many plant-juices, in unripe ap- 
 ples, in grapes, and in mountain-ash berries. 
 It forms deliquescent crystals that dissolve 
 readily in alcohol, slightly in ether, and melt 
 at ioo°; it has a pleasant acid taste. A., 
 Malonic, C 3 H 4 4 , occurs in the deposit found 
 
ACID 
 
 18 
 
 ACID 
 
 in the vacuum pans employed in. beet- 
 sugar manufacture; it may be obtained by 
 the oxidation of malic acid with chromium 
 trioxid. A. , Mandelic, C 6 H 5 . CH(OH) . C0 2 - 
 H, formed from benzaldehyd by the action 
 of prussic acid and HC1. A., Margaric, A., 
 Margarinic, C n H 34 2 , a monobasic acid ex- 
 isting in nearly all animal fats and occurring 
 as a solid substance melting at about 6o° C. 
 It is believed by some to be a mere mixture 
 of palmitic and stearic acids. A., Marine, 
 hydrochloric acid. A., Meconic, C 7 H 4 7 , a 
 tribasic acid, occurring in opium in union 
 with morphin. It crystallizes with 3H 2 
 in white laminas. A., Mephitic, carbon 
 dioxid. A., Mesotartaric, inactive tartaric 
 acid obtained by heating 30 parts of tar- 
 taric acid with 4 parts of water for 2 
 hours to 165 C. A., Metaphosphoric, 
 HP0 3 , a glassy solid, freely soluble in cold 
 water, and converted by boiling into ortho- 
 phosphoric acid. It is used as a test for 
 albumin in the urine. A., Mineral. See 
 A., Inorganic. A., Monobromacetic, C 2 H 3 - 
 Br0 2 , produced by heating acetic acid with 
 bromin; it is escharotic and antiseptic. Syn., 
 Bromacetic acid. A., Monoiodosalicylic, C 7 - 
 H 5 I0 3 , produced by boiling salicylic acid 
 with iodin and alcohol. It is used in acute 
 articular rheumatism. Dose 15-45 gr. (1- 
 3 Gm.) a day. A., Mononitrosalicylic, 
 C 6 H 3 (N0 2 )OH . C0 2 H, an acid obtained by 
 action of nitric acid on indigo or on salicylic 
 acid. Syn., Indigotic acid; Nitrospiroylic 
 acid; Nitroanilic acid; Anilic acid. A., 
 Morphoxylacetic, C 17 H 28 N0 3 . C . H 2 C0 2 H, 
 a narcotic similar to morphin but weaker. 
 A., Muriatic. See A., Hydrochloric. A., 
 Muriatic, Dephlogisticated, A., Muri- 
 atic, Oxygenated, chlorin. A., Muriatic, 
 Superoxygenated, chloric acid. A., Myoc- 
 tonic, an acid obtained from Palicourea 
 marcgrafii,- occurring as a yellowish, oily, 
 narcotic, and extremely poisonous liquid. A., 
 Myronic, C 10 H 19 NS 2 O 10 , an acid that occurs 
 as a potassium salt in the seeds of black 
 mustard. A., /?-Naphthalinsulfonic, C 10 H 7 .- 
 S0 3 H, an acid occurring in white, opalescent 
 scales with generally a tinge of red; freely solu- 
 ble in water and alcohol, slightly in ether. It 
 is a sensitive reagent for albumin. . A., 
 Naphthionic, C 10 H 6 (NH 2 ) . S0 3 H, an acid 
 obtained from naphthylamin by action of 
 ammonium sulfite. It is recommended as 
 an antidote for nitrite poisoning; also in 
 the treatment of acute iodism and in troubles 
 of the bladder originating in the alkalescence 
 of the urine. Dose 40-60 gr. (2.5-4.0 Gm.) 
 daily. Syn., a-Naphthylaminsulfonic acid. 
 A., Naphthoic, C n H 8 2 , a crystalline sub- 
 stance of which 2 isomeric compounds may 
 be formed by saponification of the 2 modi- 
 fications of naphthonitril. A., Narcotic. 
 See Narcotin. A., Nitric, HNO s , a liquid 
 consisting of 68% absolute acid in 32% 
 of water. The pure acid is colorless, fum- 
 ing, and highly caustic. It is used in cau- 
 
 terization of chancres and phagedenic ulcers 
 and as a reagent. A., Nitric, Anhydrous, 
 nitrogen pentoxid. A., Nitric, Dilute, con- 
 tains 10 % absolute acid. It is used internally 
 to aid digestion, to stimulate the hepatic 
 function, etc. Dose 3-15 min. (0.2-1.0 Cc), 
 well diluted. A., Nitric, Monohydrated, 
 pure nitric acid. A., Nitro-, an acid pro- 
 duced from another acid by replacing the 
 hydrogen with nitryl (N0 2 ). A., Nitro- 
 anilic. Same as A ., M ononitro salicylic. A., 
 Nitrohydro chloric, A., Nitromuriatic, a 
 golden-yellow, fuming mixture of 4 parts 
 •of nitric and 15 of hydrochloric acid. It is 
 a solvent of gold ; it is valuable in affec- 
 tions of the liver. Dose 1-7 min. (0.06- 
 0.45 Cc), very dilute. Syn., Aqua regia. 
 A., Nitrohydro chloric, Dilute, consists of 
 4 parts nitric acid, 18 parts hydrochloric 
 acid, and 78 parts water. Dose 5-20 min. 
 (0.3-1.3 Cc), well diluted. A., Nitroso- 
 nitric, fuming nitric acid. A., Nitrospir- 
 oylic. See A., Mononitrosalicylic. A., 
 Nordhausen, brown, fuming sulfuric acid, 
 first manufactured at Nordhausen. A., Nu- 
 cleic, A., Nucleinic, any one of a group 
 of organic acids containing C, H, O, N, and 
 a large proportion of P. The nucleic 
 bases are present in the nucleic acid rad- 
 icles as organic compounds. The nucleic 
 acids occur in nature, free or in combina- 
 tion with albumins, when they are called 
 primary acids. On decomposition they yield 
 nucleic bases, and according to their origin 
 are termed sperma-rmcleic acid, thymono- 
 nucleic acid, yeast-nuc\eic acid, etc. Ac- 
 cording to Kossel, there are in reality only 
 4 true nucleic acids, viz., adenylic acid, 
 guanylic acid, sarcylic (hypoxanthylic) acid, 
 and xanthylic acid. On decomposition the 
 primary acids give rise to secondary acids 
 which contain more phosphorus than the 
 primary acids, and may or may not give 
 rise to xanthin bases on further decomposi- 
 tion; according to Simon, they may be 
 divided into acids of the type of plasminic 
 acid and of thyminic acid respectively. A., 
 Oleic, CisH^Og, an acid present in many 
 fats and oils. It is a colorless oil, crystal- 
 lizing on cooling, soluble in alcohol, benzol, 
 and the essential oils; insoluble in water. 
 It saponifies when heated with alkaline 
 bases. It is used in making the oleates. 
 A., Organic, an acid characterized by the 
 presence of the carboxyl group, CO . OH. 
 A., Orthoamidosalicylic, C 6 H 3 (NH 2 )(OH)- 
 COOH, a gray, amorphous, slightly sweet, 
 inodorous powder obtained by reduction of 
 orthonitrosalicylic acid and insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, and ether. It is employed 
 in chronic rheumatism. Dose 3-7 gr. (0.25- 
 0.5 Gm.). A., Orthoboric. See Boron. A., 
 Orthophosphoric, H 3 P0 4 , ordinary phos- 
 phoric acid, as distinguished from metaphos- 
 phoric and pyrophosphoric acids. A., Os- 
 mic, Os0 4 , the oxid of osmium, one of the 
 rarer elements; it occurs as yellow, acrid, 
 
ACID 
 
 19 
 
 ACID 
 
 burning crystals, yielding an intensely irrita- 
 ting vapor; it has been recommended for 
 hypodermatic use in sciatica, strumous glands, 
 and cancer. It is used in histology as a 
 fixing agent and as a stain for fat. A., 
 Oxalic, C 2 H 2 4 , a colorless, crystalline solid 
 obtained by treating sawdust with caustic 
 soda and potash. It occurs in many plants, 
 chiefly as potassium oxalate; with 2 parts 
 of water it crystallizes in fine, transparent 
 monoclinic prisms. It is soluble in 9 parts 
 of water at moderate temperature and quite 
 easily in alcohol. It has been recommended 
 in amenorrhea. Dose £-§• gr. (0.03-0.05 
 Gm.). In large doses it is a violent poison. 
 A., Oxuric, Vauquelin's name for impure 
 alloxanic acid. A., Oxybutyric. See under 
 Oxybutyric. A., Oxygen, an acid which con- 
 tains more oxygen than is requisite for satu- 
 ration. A., Oxymuriatic. 1. Hydrochloric 
 acid. 2. Chloric acid. 3. Chlorin. A., /?- 
 Oxynaphthoic, C u H 8 3 , obtained from so- 
 dium betanaphthol by the action of carbon 
 dioxid with heat. It is a surgical antiseptic. 
 Syn., j3-Naphtholcarboxylic acid; (3-Carbo- 
 naphthoic acid. A., Oxypropionic, lactic 
 acid. A., Palmitic, C 16 H 32 2 , an acid 
 existing as a glycerol ether in palm-oil 
 and in most of the solid fats. A., Para- 
 fumaric. See A., Maleic. A. of Pearls, 
 acid phosphate of sodium. A., Periodic, 
 HI0 4 + 2H 2 0, an acid obtained from iodin 
 by the action of concentrated perchloric acid. 
 It is soluble in water and alcohol, slightly in 
 ether, and melts at i3o°-i33° C. It is a 
 powerful oxidizer. Syn., Heptaiodic acid. 
 A., Phenolsulfonic. See A., Sulfocarbolic. 
 A., Phenylic, phenol. A., Phenylsali- 
 cylic, C 13 H 10 O 3 , a white, antiseptic powder, 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, and glycerol, but 
 very slowly in water; it is used as a surgical 
 dressing in the same manner as iodoform. 
 Syn., Orthooxydiphenylcarbolic acid ; Phenyl- 
 orthooxybenzoic acid. A., Phenylsulfuric. 
 See A., Sulfocarbolic. A., Phocenic. See A., 
 Valeric. A., Phosphoantimonic, a yellow- 
 ish, very acid substance, obtained from anti- 
 monium pentachlorid by the action of con- 
 centrated aqueous solution of sodium phos- 
 phate. It is used as an alkaloid re- 
 agent. A., Phosphoric, H 3 P0 4 , contains 
 50 % each of acid and of water; it is obtained 
 from bones or by oxidation of phosphorus. 
 Syn., Or Iho phosphoric acid. A. , Phosphoric, 
 Anhydrous, P 2 5 , obtained from phosphorus 
 by complete combustion, occurring as a bulky, 
 light, white, deliquescent powder, soluble in 
 water. It is used as a chemic agent. A., 
 Phosphoric, Dilute, contains 10% of abso- 
 lute acid. It is employed in digestive dis- 
 turbances, in strumous diseases, and to dis- 
 solve phosphatic deposits. Dose 5-30 min. 
 (0.32-2.0 Cc). A., Phosphoric, Glacial, 
 A., Phosphoric, Monobasic. See A., Meta- 
 phosphoric. A., Phosphorous, H 3 PO a , a di- 
 basic oxyacid of phosphorus, containing one 
 atom of oxygen less than phosphoric acid. 
 
 A., Picric, C 6 H 2 (N0 2 ) 3 OH, obtained by the 
 nitration of phenol. It forms pale yellow, 
 shining, prismatic, laminar, or columnar 
 crystals, which possess a very bitter taste. 
 It is readily soluble in hot water, its solu- 
 tion imparting a beautiful yellow color to silk 
 and wool. It is recommended as an anti- 
 periodic and anthelmintic. It is used as a 
 test for albumin and sugar. Dose 5-15 gr. 
 (0.32-1.0 Gm.) a day. Syn., Carbazotic acid; 
 Trinitro phenol. A., Pimentic. See Eugenol. 
 A. , Pipitzahoic, A. , Pipitzahoinic, C 15 H 20 O 3 , 
 a purgative principle discovered by Rio de la 
 Loza in species of Perezia, and also obtained 
 from Trixis radiale. It is used as a mild 
 drastic. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). A., 
 Pivalic. See A., Valeric, Tertiary. A., 
 Plasminic, a secondary nucleic acid ob- 
 tainable from yeast. It is soluble in water 
 and precipitates albumins in acid solution. 
 Its phosphoric acid radicle is capable of 
 forming a true organic iron compound con- 
 taining 1 % of iron. On decomposition 
 with mineral acids by boiling it yields 
 nucleic bases and phosphoric acid. A-, 
 Polybasic, acids containing several carboxyl 
 groups. A., Polychromic. See A., Aloetic. 
 A., Propionic, C 3 H 6 2 , an oxidation-product 
 of propylic alcohol; it is a clear, colorless 
 liquid with an odor like butyric and acetic 
 acids and a specific gravity of 1.013 at o° 
 C; it is miscible with water and boils at 
 141 C. A., Propionylsalicylic, a com- 
 pound obtained from salicylic acid by action 
 of anhydrous propionic acid. It is used in 
 gout and rheumatism. A., Prussic. See 
 A.., Hydrocyanic. A., Pyridintricarbox- 
 ylic, A., Pyridintricarbonic, C 8 H 5 N0 6 , 
 an oxidation-product of cinchona alkaloids; 
 it is a white, crystalline powder, soluble 
 in water and alcohol, and melting at 
 250 C. It is antipyretic, antiseptic, and 
 antiperiodic, and is used in whooping-cough, 
 typhoid and intermittent fevers, etc., and 
 externally as an injection in urethral inflam- 
 mation. Dose 10 gr. (0.6 Gm.) 5 times 
 daily. Syn., Carbocinchomeronic acid. A., 
 Pyro-, an acid formed from another acid 
 by action of heat. A., Pyrogallic, C 6 H 6 3 , 
 pyrogallol, formed by heating gallic acid with 
 water to 210 . It forms white leaflets or 
 needles, is readily soluble in water, less so 
 in alcohol and ether. It is useful in the 
 treatment of certain skin diseases, but is 
 poisonous and must be used with caution. 
 A., Pyroligneous, the crude acid obtained 
 in the destructive distillation of wood. It is 
 a clear liquid, of reddish-brown color and 
 strong acid taste, with a peculiar penetrating 
 odor described as empyreumatic, due largely 
 to the furfurol it contains. It contains from 
 4 to 7 % of real acetic acid. A., Pyrophos- 
 phoric, the dihydric phosphate, 2H 2 . P 2 O s , 
 one of the forms of phosphoric acid. It is 
 poisonous. Its iron salt is used in medi- 
 cine. The pure acid is a soft, glassy mass. 
 A.,Pyrosorbic. See A., Maleic. A.,Rheinic. 
 
ACID 
 
 20 
 
 ACID 
 
 See A., Chry so phanic. A., Salicylacetic, A., 
 Salicyloacetic, C 9 H 8 5 , a reaction-product of 
 sodium salicylate in a soda solution with 
 sodium monochloracetate; soluble in boiling 
 water and alcohol, slightly in cold water, 
 ether, chloroform, and benzene. It is anti- 
 septic and used in the same manner as sali- 
 cylic acid. Syn., Acetosalicylic acid; Salicyloxy- 
 acetic acid; Salicylhydroxy acetic acid. A., 
 Salicylic, C 7 H 6 3 , occurs in the buds of Spiraa 
 ulmaria, in the oil of wintergreen, and in other 
 varieties of gaultheria. It forms either a white 
 crystalline powder, or white prismatic and 
 acicular prisms without odor or taste. It 
 is soluble in water and in chloroform, and is 
 antiseptic; it is used in the treatment of acute 
 articular rheumatism and myalgia. Dose 5-20 
 gr. (0.3-1.3 Gm.), not exceeding 1 dr. (4 
 Gm.) daily. Syn., Orthooxybenzoic acid. A., 
 Salicylsulfonic, A., Salicylsulfuric. See 
 A., Sulfo salicylic. A. of Salts, hydrochloric 
 acid. A., Sarcolactic, C 3 H 6 3 , occurs in 
 blood and in muscles, to which it gives their 
 acid reaction, especially after the muscles 
 have been in a state of activity. It is 
 also found in urine in phosphorus-poison- 
 ing. A., Sclerotinic, an acid found in 
 ergot, of which it is one of the active prin- 
 ciples. A. of Sea-salt, hydrochloric acid. 
 A., Septic, nitric acid. A., Sphacelinic, 
 an acid, regarded as the constituent of ergot, 
 which causes gangrene and develops the 
 cachexia of that disease. A., Stearic, C ls H 3o - 
 2 , associated with palmitic and oleic acids 
 as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats, the 
 tallows. A., Stibious, SC1 3 , a colorless, 
 transparent mass, soluble in alcohol and car- 
 bon disulfate, and melting at 73. 2 C. It 
 is a caustic. Syn., Antimonious oxid of anti- 
 mony; Antimony trichlorid. A., Stibous, 
 C 15 H l2 3 (Gmelin), a crystalline substance 
 obtained from oil of bitter almonds by action 
 of fuming sulfuric acid. A., Succinic, C 4 - 
 H O 4 , an acid obtained in the distillation 
 of amber, and also prepared artificially. A., 
 Sulfanilic, C 6 H 4 (NH 2 ) . S0 3 H, obtained by 
 heating anilin (1 part) with fuming H 2 S0 4 
 (2 parts) to 180 until S0 2 appears. It 
 crystallizes in rhombic plates which effloresce 
 in the air. It is used as a reagent. A., 
 Sulfazotized, a class of acids formed from 
 potassium nitrite by action of sulfurous acid. 
 A., Sulfocarbolic, C e H 5 HS0 4 , phenyl bisul- 
 fate, formed by the union of phenol and 
 sulfuric acid. Its salts, the sulfocarbolates, 
 are used in medicine as intestinal antisep- 
 tics, etc. A.s, Sulfonic, a class of acids of 
 the general formula Rn . (S0 2 . OH) n when 
 Rn is a radicle whose quantivalence is N. 
 Such acids are derived from sulfuric acid by 
 the substitution of a radicle for hydroxyl; or 
 they may be regarded as acid sulfites derived 
 from sulfurous acid, H 2 S0 3 , by the replace- 
 ment of half of its hydrogen by a basic radicle. 
 A., Sulfonilic. See A., Sulfanilic. A., 
 Sulfophenic. See A., Sulfocarbolic. A., 
 Sulfophenolic. Same as Phenolsulfonic Acid. 
 
 A., Sulfosalicylic, C 7 H 6 SO , an acid ob- 
 tained from salicylic acid by the action of 
 sulfuric anhydrid, occurring as white crystals, 
 soluble in water and alcohol, melting at 
 120 C, and colored an intense violet-red 
 by ferric chlorid. It is used as a test for 
 albumin in urine. Syn., Salicylsidfonic 
 acid. A.jSulfothiocarbonic. See A.,Xan- 
 thogenic. A., Sulfuric, H 2 SG 4 , a heavy, 
 oily, corrosive acid, consisting of not less 
 than 92.5 % sulfuric anhydrid and 7.5 % of 
 water. It is used as a reagent and as a 
 caustic. Syn., Oil of vitriol. A., Sulfuric 
 Aromatic, contains 20 % acid, diluted with 
 alcohol and flavored with cinnamon and gin- 
 ger. It is used as an astringent in diarrhea 
 and in night-sweats; also in hemoptysis. 
 Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). A., Sulfuric, 
 Dilute, contains 10% strong acid to 90% of 
 water. It is used as an astringent. Dose 
 10-15 m i n - (0.65-1.0 Cc), well diluted. A., 
 Sulfuric, Fuming, H 2 S0 4 . SO s , an oily 
 liquid, fuming in the air, obtained by roast- 
 ing ferrous sulfate. Syn., Nordhauscn oil of 
 vitriol; Nordhausen acid. A., Sulfurous, 
 H 2 S0 3 , a colorless acid containing about 6.4 % 
 of sulfurous anhydrid in 93.6% of water. 
 The gas, S0 2 , is a valuable disinfectant. 
 The acid is used as a spray or lotion in diph- 
 theria, stomatitis, and as a wash for indolent 
 and syphilitic ulcers. The various hyposul- 
 fites are mainly valuable in that they de- 
 compose and give off sulfur dioxid. Dose 
 5 min.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 Cc). A., Sulfhydric. 
 See A:, Hydrosulfuric. A., Sumbulic, A., 
 Sumbulolic. See A., Angelic. A., Tannic, 
 C u H 10 O 9 , an astringent acid obtained from 
 nutgalls, and occurring in yellowish, scaly 
 crystals. It is soluble in water and alcohol. 
 It is an antidote in poisoning by alkaloids 
 and tartar emetic, and is used as an astrin- 
 gent in catarrh of mucous membranes, and 
 externally in many skin diseases. Dose 1-20 gr. 
 (0.065-1.3 Gm.). Syn., Tannin. (For prepa- 
 rations of Tannic Acid see respective head- 
 ings.) A.,Tanningenic,A.,Tanningic. See 
 Catechin. A., Tartaric, H 2 C 4 H 4 6 , an as- 
 tringent acid widely distributed in the vege- 
 table world, occurring principally in the juice 
 of the grape, from which it deposits after 
 fermentation in the form of acid potassium 
 tartrate (argol). It is chiefly employed in 
 refrigerant drinks and in baking-powders; 
 20 grains neutralize 27 of potassium dicar- 
 bonate, 22 of sodium dicarbonate, and 15 J 
 of ammonium carbonate. Dose 10-30 gr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.). A., Tartaric, Inactive. 
 See A., Mesotartaric. A., Taurocholic, 
 C 26 H 45 NS0 7 , occurs in bile; it is very soluble 
 in Water and alcohol and crystallizes in fine 
 needles. A., Tetraboric, H 2 E 4 7 , boric acid 
 heated to 160 C, forming a glassy mass. 
 Syn., Pyroboric acid. A., Tetrathiodichlor- 
 salicylic, (S ? ; C 6 HCl[OH]COOH) 2 , obtained 
 from salicylic acid by the action of sulfuryl 
 chlorid and heat; it occurs as a reddish- 
 yellow powder, soluble in aqueous alkalis. 
 
ACID 
 
 21 
 
 ACINOTUBULAR 
 
 It is antiseptic and used as a dusting-pow- 
 der. A., Thiacetylenic. See A., Thio- 
 acetic. A., Thio-, an acid in which sulfur 
 is substituted for oxygen. A., Thioacetic, 
 C 2 H 4 OS, a clear, pungent, sour liquid with 
 a sulfureted hydrogen odor, obtained from 
 glacial acetic acid and phosphorus penta- 
 sulfid. It is used as a substitute for sul- 
 fureted hydrogen in analysis. Syn., EtJiane- 
 thiolic acid; Thiacetylenic acid; Thiacetic 
 acid; Acetosulfuric acid. A., Thiolinic, a 
 dark mass, consisting of linseed oil and sul- 
 fur dioxid, used in skin diseases. Syn., Sul- 
 fur ated linseed oil; Thiol in. A., Thioncar- 
 bonthiol. See A., Xanthogenic. A., Thio- 
 salicylic, C 7 H 6 S0 2 ,. a brownish-yellow mass 
 obtained from amidobenzoic acid by the 
 successive action of nitrous acid and sul- 
 fureted hydrogen; a surgical antiseptic. A., 
 Trichloracetic, HC 2 C1 3 2 , an acid formed 
 from acetic acid, 3 atoms of the hydrogen 
 of which are, in the new acid, replaced by 
 chlorin. It is used as a reagent for the de- 
 tection of albumin in the urine and as a 
 caustic. A., Trichlorcarbolic, A., Trichlor- 
 phenic. See Trichlor phenol. A., Tricyanic, 
 H3C3N3O3, obtained from tricyanogen chlorid 
 by boiling it with water and alkalis. It crys- 
 tallizes from aqueous solution with two 
 molecules of water in large rhombic prisms; 
 soluble in 40 parts of cold water; easily 
 soluble in hot water and in alcohol. 
 Syn., Cyanuric acid. A., Trimethacetic, 
 A., Trimethylacetic, A., Trimethylcar- 
 bincarbonic. See A., Valeric, Tertiary. 
 A., Tumenolsulfonic, a substance obtained 
 from tumenol by action of fuming sulfuric 
 acid; used as a dusting-powder. A.s, Ura- 
 mic, a series of carbamid — CONH — com- 
 pounds occurring in the urine after the 
 ingestion of amido-acids. They comprise 
 methylhydantoic acid, taurocarbamic acid, 
 uramidobenzoic acid, and tyrosinhydantoinic 
 acid or hydantoin hydroparacumaric acid. 
 They are found after the ingestion of sar- 
 cosin or methylglycocoll, of taurin, amido- 
 benzoic acid, and tyrosin respectively. 
 A., Ureous. See Xanthin. A., Uric, C-H 4 - 
 N 4 3 , an acid found in the urine of all ani- 
 mals, especially man and the carnivora, — 
 rarely in the herbivora, — abundantly in the 
 excrement of birds, reptiles, and mollusks. 
 It exists usually in combination with the 
 metals of the alkaline group. It is separated 
 from urine by adding hydrochloric acid and 
 allowing the crystals to settle. A. of Urine. 
 1. Phosphoric acid. 2. Uric acid. A.,Uro- 
 benzoic. See A., Hippuric. A., Valeric, 
 C 5 H 10 O 2 , is formed by oxidizing normal 
 amyl-alcohol. It is a mobile liquid with 
 caustic acid taste and the pungent smell of 
 old cheese. A., Valeric, Active. See A., 
 Methylethylacetic. A., Valeric, Normal, 
 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 C0 2 H, an isomer of valeric acid, 
 first prepared by Lieben and Rossi from 
 pentonitril (C 4 H 3 CN); it is a liquid with odor 
 of normal butyric acid, boiling at 186 C, 
 
 melting at 59 C. Sp. gr., 0.9568 at o° C; 
 Syn., Pentoic acid-; Normal propylacetic acid; 
 Isobutyl carbonic acid. A., Valeric, Ter- 
 tiary, (CH 3 ) 3 C . C0 2 H, a fatty crystalline 
 acid containing a tertiary alcohol radicle, 
 discovered by Butlerow, who obtained it 
 synthetically from tertiary butyl alcohol; 
 melts at 35 C; boils at 163 C. Syn., Piv- 
 alic acid; Trimethylacetic acid; Pseudovaleric 
 acid; Trimethacetic acid; Pinalic acid; Tri- 
 methylcarbincarbonic acid. A., Veratric, C 9 - 
 H 10 O 4 , occurs with veratrin in sabadilla seeds; 
 soluble in water and alcohol. A., Viburnic, 
 ordinary valeric acid discovered in Viburnum 
 opulus. A.s, Vinic, acids obtained from al- 
 cohol by action of acids. A., Vitriolic, sul- 
 furic acid. A., Xanthogenic, HO . CS . SH, 
 an acid not existing in the free state; the 
 xanthates are obtained from it. Syn., Sulfo- 
 thiocarbonic acid; Thioncarbonthiol acid. A.s, 
 Xanthoproteic, nitrogenous substances ob- 
 tained from solutions of proteids by action 
 of nitric acid. A., Xanthylic, a primary nu- 
 cleic acid yielding xanthin on decomposition. 
 A., Yeast-nucleic, C 40 H 59 N 16 O 22 . 2P 2 5 , a 
 primary nucleic acid occurring in yeast; it 
 contains a carbohydrate group, as Kossel was 
 able to obtain from it a hexose and a pentose. 
 
 Acidalbumin (as-id-al-bu'-min). A proteid 
 acted upon or dissolved in the stronger acids, 
 and yielding an acid reaction. 
 
 Acidifiable (as-id-i-fi'-a-bl) [acidum, acid; fieri, 
 to become]. Capable of becoming an acid 
 or of becoming sour. 
 
 Acidifiant (as -id -if -i- ant) [see Acidifiable']. 
 Acid-forming. 
 
 Acidification (as-id' -if-ik-a-shun) [acidum, acid; 
 facere, to make]. Conversion into an acid; 
 the process of becoming sour. 
 
 Acidimeter (as-id-im'-et-er) [acidum, acid; 
 jdzpov, a measure]. An instrument for per- 
 forming acidimetry. 
 
 Acidimetry (as-id-im' -et-re) [see Acidimeter]. 
 Determination of the free acid in a solution 
 by an acidimeter or by chemic reactions. 
 
 Acidity (as-id' -it-c) [acidum, acid]. The quality 
 of being acid; sourness; excess of acid. 
 
 Acidophil, Acidophile (as-id' -o-fil) [acidum, 
 acid; (p'cloc, loving]. 1. Susceptible of im- 
 bibing acid stains. 2. A substance having 
 an affinity for acid stains. 
 
 Acidosis (a s -id -0' -sis) [aqidum, acid]. Acid con- 
 ditions producing the comatogenous states of 
 diabetes. 
 
 Acidoxyl (as-id -oks'-il). A compound of an 
 acidyl or acid radicle with oxygen. 
 
 Acidulated (as-id' -u-la-ted) [acidulare, to make 
 sour]. Somewhat sour or acid. 
 
 Acidulous (as-id' -u-lus) [zee Acidulated]. Mod- 
 erately sour. 
 
 Acidum (as' -id-um) [L.]. See Acid. 
 
 Acinesia (as-in-e'-ze-ah). See Akinesia. 
 
 Acinetic (as-in-et'-ik). See Akinetic. 
 
 Aciniform (as-in'-if-orm) [acinus, a grape]. 
 Grape-like. 
 
 Acinose (as'-in-oz). See Acinous. 
 
 Acinotubular (as-in-o-tu! -bu-lar) [acinus, a 
 
ACINOUS 
 
 22 
 
 ACNE 
 
 grape; tubulus, a tube]. Applied to a gland 
 or other structure having tubular acini or 
 secreting sacs. 
 
 Acinous {as'-in-us) [acinus, a grape], i. Re- 
 lating to an acinus or having acini. 2. Re- 
 sembling a grape or a cluster of grapes; 
 composed of granular concretions. 
 
 Acinus {as'-in-us) [acinus, a grape; pi., acini]. 
 Any one of the smallest lobules of a com- 
 pound gland, as an acinus of the liver. 
 
 Acleidian (ah-kli' -de-an) [a, priv.; /ole/c, the 
 collar-bone]. Without clavicles. 
 
 Acme iak'-me) [clk/it), a point]. The highest 
 point of anything. The critical stage of a 
 disease; the crisis. 
 
 Acmon {ak'-mon) [aKjxcov, an anvil]. The incus. 
 
 Acne (ak'-ne) [anvq, a point]. A common, usually 
 chronic, inflammatory disease of the sebaceous 
 glands, occurring mostly about the face, chest, 
 and back. The lesions may be papular, pus- 
 tular, or tubercular. It occurs usually between 
 the ages of puberty and 24 years, is generally 
 worse in winter, and is associated with men- 
 strual and gastrointestinal troubles. The in- 
 dividual lesions consist of minute pink, acu- 
 minate papules or pimples, in the center of 
 which is a black-topped comedo (^4. punctata, 
 A . papulosa) . Sy n., A cne varus; A cne vulgaris; 
 Whelk; Stone pock; Acne boutonneuse ; Acne 
 eruptive. A., Adenoid. See Lupus, Dis- 
 seminated Follicular. A. adolescentium. 
 Synonym of A. vulgaris. A. albida. Syn- 
 onym of Milium. A., Arthritic, a form 
 common in adults, especially in women at 
 the climacteric, and thought to be connected 
 with the arthritic diathesis. A. artificialis, 
 that form that disappears when the cause 
 is removed. A. atrophica. Synonym of A. 
 varioliformis. A., Bromin. See A. coag- 
 minata. A. cachecticorum, a form occur- 
 ring in debilitated, cachectic persons after 
 prolonged wasting diseases, as phthisis. The 
 eruption occurs usually on the trunk or legs, 
 and is characterized by flat, dull-red papules 
 and pustules of the size of a pin-head to that 
 of a lentil. A. cheloidienne. See Dermatitis 
 papillaris capillitii. A., Chlorin, a form 
 occurring among men engaged in manufac- 
 turing hydrochloric acid. The skin of the 
 face is pigmented, comedones and pustules of 
 varying size are thickly scattered over the face, 
 brow, scalp, neck, back, upper thorax, geni- 
 tals, and inner surface of the thighs. Ather- 
 omas and curious cornifications resembling 
 those of Darier's disease are present on the 
 scalp. A. ciliaris, acne at the edges of the 
 eyelids. A. coagminata, a form in which 
 the lesions occur in clusters. The name is 
 generally applied to the acne due to the 
 internal use of bromin or its compounds; 
 the groups of closely aggregated pustules 
 form thick patches covered with scabs of 
 dried pus, presenting beneath a dusky red 
 and often moist surface. A., Concrete. 
 See Seborrhea sicca. A., Congestive. See 
 A. rosacea. A. contagiosa, an inoculable 
 pustular disease of horses, said to differ from 
 
 horse-pox. A. cornea, a form character- 
 ized by hard, conic, discolored outgrowths, 
 grouped or solitary, and consisting of hard 
 plugs of sebaceous matter projecting from 
 the follicles. Syn., Ichthyosis Jollicularis. 
 A. decalvans, an inflammatory disease of the 
 hair-follicles attended with destruction of the 
 hairs and atrophy or cicatrization of the 
 skin. A. disseminata. Synonym of A. 
 vulgaris. A., Elephantiasic. Same as A. 
 hypertrophica. A. erythematosa. Synonym 
 of A. rosacea. A., Fluent. See Seborrhcea 
 oleosa. A. frontalis. Synonym of A . vario- 
 liformis. A. generalis, acne that has be- 
 come general over the surface of the body. 
 A. granulosa. See A. cachecticorum. A. 
 hordeolans, A. hordeolaris, a form with 
 the pustules arranged in linear groups. A. 
 hypertrophica, a stage of acne rosacea in 
 which there is a permanent, intensely red, 
 noninflammatory, nodulated thickening of the 
 tips and sides of the nose, expanding it both 
 laterally and longitudinally. A. indurata, a 
 variety of acne vulgaris characterized by 
 chronic, livid indurations, the result of ex- 
 tensive perifollicular infiltration. It is espe- 
 cially seen in strumous subjects. A. kera- 
 tosa, a rare form in which a horny plug 
 takes the place of the comedo, and by its 
 presence excites inflammation. A. luposa. 
 See A. telangiectodes. A. medicamentosa, 
 acne due to the internal administration of 
 certain drugs — as iodin, bromin, etc. A. 
 mentagra. See Sycosis. A. miliaris. 1. 
 Milium. 2. A pustular variety of acne 
 rosacea. A., Miliary Arthritic. See A. 
 cachecticorum. A., Miliary Scrofulous, a 
 variety of the disease usually occurring on 
 the forehead; the pustules are small, dis- 
 crete, or confluent, and often arranged in 
 geometric figures. A. molluscoidea, A. 
 molluscum. See Molluscum contagiosum. 
 A. necrotica. Synonym of A. varioliformis. 
 A. papulosa. See Acne. A., Penicilli- 
 form. See Tinea asbestina. A. picealis, a 
 form of dermatitis common in fiber -dressers 
 who work with paraffin and in persons other- 
 wise brought in contact with tar or its vapor. 
 It involves chiefly the extensor surfaces of 
 the limbs. Syn., Tar acne. A., Pilous, a 
 variety in which the pustules involve the hair- 
 bulbs. A., Pilous, Umbilicated, a variety in 
 which each pustule is umbilicated and pierced 
 by a hair. A. punctata, a variety of acne 
 vulgaris. A. punctata albida. See Milium. 
 A. pustulosa, a variety of acne vulgaris 
 characterized by abscesses. A. rhinophyma. 
 Same as A. hypertrophica. A. rodens. 
 Synonym of A. varioliformis. A. rosacea, 
 a chronic hyperemic or inflammatory affec- 
 tion of the skin, situated usually upon the 
 face, especially the nose, cheeks, forehead, 
 and chin. Syn., Rosacea; Telangiectasis faciei; 
 Ncevus araneus ; Brandy nose ; Whisky nose ; 
 Spider nevus; Spider cancer. A. rosacea 
 congestiva. See A. hypertrophica. A. scrof- 
 ulosa, a variety of acne cachecticorum, oc- 
 
ACNEMOUS 
 
 23 
 
 ACONITUM 
 
 curring in strumous children. A. sebacea. 
 Synonym of Seborrhea. A. sebacea cornea. 
 See Darier's Disease. A. sebacea mollus- 
 cum. See Atheroma. A., Sebaceous, 
 Crusty. See Seborrhcea sicca. A., Seba- 
 ceous, Dry, A. sebacea exsiccata. See 
 Xeroderma. A., Sebaceous, Fluent. See 
 Seborrhcea oleosa. A. simplex, a variety 
 of acne vulgaris. A. Solaris, a form due 
 to exposure to the sun, marked by red 
 papules that seldom suppurate, occurring 
 on the nose, lower eyelids, and cheeks. 
 A. sycosiformis. Same as Sycosis non- 
 par asitica. A., Syphilitic, A. syphil- 
 itica, a form with inflammation in the 
 follicles, appearing in scattered, pointed 
 pustules with copper-colored base. Syn., 
 Acneiform syphiloderm. A. tarsi, an inflam- 
 matory affection of the large sebaceous glands 
 of the eyelashes (meibomian glands). A. 
 telangiectodes, A. teleangeiectodes, Ka- 
 posi's name for a nonpustular disease hav- 
 ing its origin in the hair -follicles and pre- 
 senting smooth, shining, circumscribed, hemi- 
 spheric nodules, pale-pink to brownish-red in 
 color, from a pinhead to a cherry-stone in 
 size. Epithelial cyst formation and degenera- 
 tion of the hair-follicle attend it. Syn., Dis- 
 seminated follicular lupus simulating acne ; 
 Acne luposa; Lupus miliaris ; Lupus folli- 
 cularis acneiformis ; Acute disseminated nod- 
 ular tuberculous lupus. A. tuberata, A. 
 tuberculosa. See A. indurata. A., Tuber- 
 culoid, A., Tuberculous, Umbilicated, A. 
 umbilicata. See Molluscum contagiosum. 
 A., Varicose, a form characterized by 
 dilated superficial capillaries. A. vario- 
 liformis, a somewhat rare disease, situated 
 chiefly about the forehead, at the junction 
 with the hairy scalp, and extending into the 
 hair. The pustules appear in groups. Its eti- 
 ology is unknown. A. vulgaris. See Acne. 
 
 Acnemous (ak'-ne-mus) [a, priv.; kvtjjxt}, leg]. 
 Having imperfect calves; having no legs. 
 
 Acocanthera (ak-o-kan-the' -ra) [aKcofd), a point; 
 avdypoc, blooming]. A genus of plants of 
 the order Apocynacece. A. abyssinica yields 
 an African arrow-poison, mshangu, secured 
 from a decoction of the branches, the toxic 
 property being due to a crystalline glucosid, 
 C 29 H 46 3 . A. defter sii and A. schimperi are 
 used as arrow-poisons in Africa. The poison- 
 ous principles are crystalline glucosids. A. 
 venenata is a species indigenous to southern 
 Africa; a decoction of the bark is used by 
 the natives to poison arrows. The poisonous 
 principle is a glucosid, acocantherin, similar 
 to or identical with ouabain. 
 
 Acoin (ak'-o-in). Hydrochlorate of diparaany- 
 silmonoparaphenetylguanidin, a white powder, 
 used in infiltration anesthesia by Schleich's 
 method in a i: iooo solution of 0.8% solution 
 of sodium chlorid; also in 1 % aqueous solu- 
 tion in ophthalmology. 
 
 Aconite (ak'-on-it). See Aconitum. 
 
 Aconitic Acid (ak - on - it' - ik) . See Acid, 
 Aconitic. 
 
 Aconitin {ak - on' - it - in), C 33 H 45 N0 12 , aconiiina 
 (U. S. P.). An intensely poisonous alkaloid 
 from Aconitum napellus and other species; it 
 occurs as white, flat crystals of slightly bitter 
 taste. Dose ^<j gr. (0.0003 Gm.). Syn., 
 Aconiticum; Aconitinum. A., Amorphous, a 
 mixture of several bases found in the bulbs of 
 Aconitum napellus. Its principal constit- 
 uents are aconitin and picroaconitin. It is 
 15 or 20 times less poisonous than pure 
 crystallized aconitin. A., British, C 2t H 49 - 
 N0 12 (Wright), the alkaloid prepared by 
 Morson from Aconitum ferox. It is a 
 yellowish-white, crystalline powder. Dose 
 yio" g r - (0.0002 Gm.). Also called English 
 aconitin; A cr aconitin ; Morson' s napellin 
 or pure aconitin ; Hubschmann's pseudacon- 
 itin; Fliickiger's nepalin. A., Duquesnel's. 
 See A. Nitrate. A. Hydrobromate, C^H^- 
 N0 12 HBr+2^H 2 (Jurgens), from crystal- 
 line aconitin, occurring as small white tab- 
 lets, soluble in water and alcohol. Dose the 
 same as the crystalline alkaloid. A. Hydro- 
 chlorate, C 33 H 43 N0 12 HC1+3H 2 (Jurgens), 
 a white, crystalline powder from crystalline 
 aconitin, soluble in water and alcohol. Dose 
 about the same as the alkaloid. Syn., Acon- 
 itin chlorhydrate; Aconitin hydrochlorite. A. 
 Nitrate, C^H^NO^HNOg, fine white prisms 
 or rhombic crystals; it is highly poisonous 
 and is used in neuralgia and rheumatism. 
 Dose about the same as the alkaloid. Syn., 
 Duquesnel's aconitin. A. Phosphate, a salt 
 of aconitin. It occurs as a white, crystalline 
 powder or as a yellowish-white, amorphous 
 powder. A. Salicylate, a salt of aconitin 
 occurring as a white, crystalline powder or 
 as a yellowish-white, amorphous powder. A. 
 Sulfate, (C S3 H 43 N0 12 ) 2 H 2 S0 4 , a salt of acon- 
 itin occurring as a crystalline powder, in 
 glass-like lumps, or as a yellowish-white, 
 amorphous powder. 
 
 Aconitina (ak-on-it-i'-nah). 1. See Aconitin. 2. 
 An impure aconitin, or combination of princi- 
 ples obtained from the root of Aconitum napel- 
 lus, as prepared by Morson. Its salts do not 
 crystallize, but form gum-like masses. 
 
 Aconitum (ak-on-i' -turn) [L.]. The root of 
 Aconitum napellus. It possesses a bitter, pun- 
 gent taste, and produces numbness and per- 
 sistent tingling in the tongue and lips. It 
 is very poisonous. It depresses the heart, 
 respiration, circulation, and paralyzes the sen- 
 sory nerves. It is antipyretic, diaphoretic, 
 and diuretic. The active principle is aconi- 
 tin. As a diaphoretic and depressant to the 
 circulation it is highly beneficial in fevers, 
 acute throat affections, and inflammation of 
 the respiratory organs. Dose §-2 gr. (0.03- 
 0.13 Gm.). Aconiti, Abstractum, has double 
 the strength of the powdered drug or its fluid- 
 extract. Dose {-1 gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.). 
 Aconiti, Extractum. Dose %-\ gr. (o.on- 
 0.022 Gm.). Aconiti, Fluidextractum (U. S. 
 P.), has a strength of 1 drop to the grain of the 
 powdered drug. Dose \-i min. (0.03-0.13 
 Cc). Aconiti, Linimentum (B. P.), aconite 
 
ACOPROUS 
 
 24 
 
 ACROMASTITIS 
 
 root, camphor, and rectified spirit. Aconiti, 
 Oleatum, a 2 % solution of aconite in oleic 
 acid. . Aconiti, Tinctura (U. S. P.), contains 
 aconite 35, alcohol and water each sufficient 
 to make 100 parts. Dose \-\ min. (0.03-0.26 
 Cc). Aconiti, Unguentum (B. P.), 8 grains 
 to the ounce. 
 
 Acoprous (ah-kop'-rus). Characterized by the 
 absence of excrement in the bowels. 
 
 Acorea (ah-ko-re' -ah) [d, priv.; Kop-q, pupil]. 
 Absence of the pupil. 
 
 Acoria (ah-ko'-re-ah) [a, priv.; Kopoc, satisfac- 
 tion]. 1. A greedy or insatiable appetite. 2. 
 Temperance in eating. 3. A nervous affec- 
 tion of the stomach characterized by a sense 
 of fulness. 
 
 Acormus (ah-kor' -mus) [d, priv.; Kopp.dc, the 
 trunk]. A monster without a trunk or body. 
 
 Acorus (ak'-o-rus). See Calamus. 
 
 Acosmia (ah-koz'-me-ah) [d, priv. ; Koopog, 
 order]. 1. Poor health. 2. An irregularity 
 in the course of a disease. 3. Ataxia. 4. 
 Baldness. 5. Any deformity giving rise to 
 irregularity of the features. Syn., Acosmy. 
 
 Acoumeter, Acouometer {ah-koo'-met-er, ah- 
 koo-om' -et-er) [aKooecv, to hear ; perpov, a 
 measure]. 1. An instrument for measuring 
 the acuteness of hearing. 2. An instrument 
 arranged to give a typical sound of a vowel, 
 which may be used as a standard to which 
 other sounds may be referred. 
 
 Acoumetric, Acoumometric (ah-koo-mef - 
 rik, ah-koo-mo-met' -rik) . Pertaining to the 
 auditory sense or to the power of estimating 
 the relative distance of sounds. Syn., Acus- 
 metricus; Acusmometricus. 
 
 Acouphone (ah' -koo-}on) [aKouetv, to hear; 
 (frcovr], sound]. A mechanism to aid defective 
 hearing. 
 
 Acousia (ah-koo' -se-ah) {anooo'ca, constraint]. 
 1. Involuntary action. 2. The faculty of 
 hearing; audition. 
 
 Acousmetric (ah-koos-met'-rik) See Acoumetric. 
 
 Acoustic (ah-koos 1 '-tik or a-kows' '-tik) [aKouo- 
 tckoc]. Relating to the ear or sense of hear- 
 ing. A. Duct, the external meatus of the 
 ear. A. Nerve, the eighth cranial nerve. 
 A. Tetanus, the rapidity of the induction 
 shocks in a frog's nerve-muscle preparation, 
 as measured by the pitch of a vibrating rod. 
 A. Tubercle, a rounded elevation on either 
 side of the floor of the fourth ventricle. 
 
 Acousticon (ah-koos' -tik-on) . An ear-trumpet. 
 
 Acoustics (ah-koos' -tiks or a-kows' -tiks) [duouo- 
 tckoc]. The science of sound. 
 
 Acquired (ak-wi'-erd) [acquirere, to acquire]. 
 Obtained; especially obtained after birth; 
 not inherited. 
 
 Acraconitin. See P seudaconitin. 
 
 Acrania (ah-kra'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; Kpavlov, skull]. 
 The condition of a monster with partial or 
 complete absence of the cranium. 
 
 Acranial (ah-kra' -ne-al) [a, priv.; Kpavcov, 
 skull]. Without the cranium. 
 
 Acraturesis (ah-krat-u-re' -sis) [aKpaxtta, lack 
 of strength; oup-qacc, micturition]. Inability 
 to micturate from atonv of the bladder. 
 
 Acrid (ak'rid) [acer, sharp] . Pungent; irritating. 
 
 Acridin (ak'-rid-in) [acrid], C 13 H-qN. A sub- 
 stance produced by heating anilin and 
 salicylic aldehyd to 260 with ZnCl 2 . It dis- 
 solves in dilute acids with a beautiful green 
 fluorescence, and has a very pungent odor. 
 
 Acritical (ah-krif -ik-al) [a, priv.; Kp'cocc, a 
 crisis]. Without a crisis; not relating to a crisis. 
 
 Acroaesthesia (ak-ro-es-the' -ze-ah) . See Acroes- 
 thesia. 
 
 Acroanesthesia (ak-ro-an-es-the' -ze-ah) [aKpov, 
 extremity; dvacadrjoca, want of feeling]. 
 
 . Anesthesia of the extremities. 
 
 Acroasphyxia (ak-ro-as-fiks'-e-ah) [aKpov, ex- 
 tremity; d, priv.; ocj)6^cc, pulse]. Asphyxia 
 of the extremities, the socalled phenomenon 
 of Raynaud. 
 
 Acroblast (ak'-ro-blast) [aKpov, extremity; 
 pXaoxoc, a germ]. Kollmann's term for that 
 part of the germinal membrane of the embryo 
 which gives rise to blood-vessels filled with 
 blood and probably connective tissue. 
 
 Acrocephalia (ak-ro-se)-a' -le-ah) [aKpov, the 
 summit; Ke^aki}, the head]. A deformity of 
 the head in which the vertical diameter is 
 increased and the top is more or less pointed. 
 
 Acrocephalic, Acrocephalous (ak-ro-sej'-al-ik, 
 ak-ro-sef -al-us) [see Acrocephalia]. Charac- 
 terized by acrocephalia; having the top of 
 the head unusually high. 
 
 Acrocinesis (ak-ro-si-ne'-sis). See Acrokinesis. 
 
 Acrocinetic (ak-ro-si-nel'-ik). See Acrokinetic. 
 
 Acrocyanosis (ak-ro-si-an-o'-sis) [aKpov, ex- 
 tremity; Kuavoc, blue]. Blueness of the ex- 
 tremities due to vasomotor disturbance. 
 
 Acrodynia, Acrodyny (ak-ro-din'-e-ah, ak'-ro- 
 din-e) [aKpov, extremity; odovq, pain]. 1. 
 Epidemic erythema; a disease closely allied 
 to pellagra. It is characterized principally 
 by pricking pains in the palm and soles, 
 hyperesthesia followed by anesthesia of these 
 parts, and an erythematous eruption, pre- 
 ceded by bullas, chiefly on the hands and 
 feet. This is followed by exfoliation and 
 dark-brown or black pigmentation. Syn., 
 Pedionalgia epidemica; Erythema epidemicum. 
 2. Clarus' term for a rheumatic disorder of 
 the nerves. 
 
 Acroesthesia (ak-ro-es-the' -ze-ah) [anpoc, ex- 
 treme; a'codrjocc, sensation]. Exaggerated 
 sensitiveness or sensibility. 
 
 Acrokinesis (ak-ro-kin-e'-sis) [aKpoc, extreme; 
 Kcvqocc, movement] . Excessive motility; ab- 
 normal freedom of movement, as seen in 
 certain cases of hysteria. 
 
 Acrokinetic (ak-ro-kin-et'-ik) [see Acrokinesis]. 
 Characterized by acrokinesis. 
 
 Acrolein (ak-ro'-le-in) [acer, sharp; oleum, oil], 
 C 3 H 4 0. Acrylic aldehyd. A colorless, mobile 
 liquid, of pungent odor, derived from the 
 decomposition of glycerol. 
 
 Acromania (ak-ro-ma' -ne-ah) [aKpog, extreme; 
 pav'ca, madness]. Incurable or extreme in- 
 sanity. 
 
 Acromastitis (ak-ro-mas-li'-tis) [anpoc, ex- 
 treme; paoroc, nipple; itcc, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the nipple. 
 
ACROMIAL 
 
 25 
 
 ACTINOMYCES 
 
 Acromial (ak-ro'-me-al) [axpoe, the summit; 
 (LijLOf , the shoulder]. Relating to the acromion. 
 
 Acromioclavicular (ak-ro-me-o-kla-vik' -u-lar) 
 [acromion; clavicle]. Relating to the acromion 
 and the clavicle. 
 
 Acromiohumeral (ak -ro -me -o - hu' -mer-aV) 
 [acromion; humerus). Relating to the acromion 
 and the humerus. A. Muscle, the deltoid. 
 
 Acromion (ak-ro' -me-on) [aKpof, the summit; 
 wtwf, the shoulder]. The triangular-shaped 
 process at the summit of the scapula. 
 
 Acromiothoracic (ak-ro-me-o-tho-ras'-ik) [acro- 
 mion; dcopa^, thorax]. Relating to the 
 shoulder and thorax. 
 
 Acromphalus (ak-rom' -fal-us) [axpov, point; 
 6p.<f>aX6g, the navel], i. The center of the 
 umbilicus, to which the cord is attached. 
 2. The first stage of umbilical hernia, marked 
 by a pouting of the navel. 3. The remains 
 of the umbilical cord attached to the child. 
 
 Acromyle (ak-rom' -il-e) [anpov, point; pbXr,, 
 patella]. The patella. 
 
 Acronarcotic (ak-ro-nar-kot'-ik) [acer, sharp; 
 narcotic]. 1. Both acrid and narcotic. 2. 
 An agent which combines an irritating and 
 obtunding effect; acting either directly upon 
 the peripheral nerves when applied exter- 
 nally, or upon the brain and spinal cord, 
 producing paralysis, convulsions, and nar- 
 cosis. 
 
 Acroneurosis {ak-ro-nu-ro 1 'sis) [axpov, extrem- 
 ity; veupov, a nerve]. Any neurosis manifest- 
 ing itself in the extremities. 
 
 Acronychous (ak-ron'-ik-us) [ciKpovoyoc]. Fur- 
 nished with claws, nails, or hoofs; achro- 
 nychous. 
 
 Acronyx (ak'-ro-niks) [fixpov, extremity; ovu£, 
 a nail]. Ingrowing of the nail. 
 
 Acroparalysis (ak-ro-par-aV -is-is) [anpov, ex- 
 tremity; TiapaXuocc, palsy]. Paralysis of the 
 extremities. 
 
 Acroparesthesia (ak -ro - par - es - the' - ze - ah) 
 [anpov, extremity; napot, around; a'codrjocc;, 
 sensation]. Abnormal or perverted sensation 
 in the extremities. 
 
 Acropathology (ak-ro-path-ol'-o-je) [anpov, ex- 
 tremity; rcaOoc, disease; koyoc, treatise]. 
 The pathology of the extremities. 
 
 Acropathy (ak-ro p' -a-the) [dupov, extremity; 
 nadoc, disease]. Any disease of the extremities. 
 
 Acrophobia (ak-ro-fo'-be-ah) [dupov, a height; 
 <f>6floc, fear]. Morbid dread of being at a 
 great height. 
 
 Acrose (ak'-roz). A substance isolated from 
 the condensation-products of glycerose (an 
 oxidation-product of glycerol) and formalde- 
 hyd, and forming the starting-point for the 
 synthesis of fruit-sugar, grape-sugar, and 
 mannose. 
 
 Acrostichum (ak-ros'-tik-um) [dxpov, a point; 
 a ~' c X°C, a line of writing]. A genus of ferns 
 of the order Polypodiacece. A. aureum, 
 a tropical species; the rhizome is used in 
 decoction for dysentery and disease of 
 the spleen. A salt prepared from the leaves 
 is applied to ulcers. A. dichotomum, an 
 Arabian species [medjabese or mejahoese]; the 
 
 leaves are applied to burns. A. flavens, a 
 South American species, used as a laxative. 
 A. furcatum, an Australian species having edi- 
 ble rhizomes. A. huacsaro, a Peruvian spe- 
 cies. It is said to be sudorific and anthel- 
 mintic. A. sorbifoliutn, a West Indian species. 
 The juice is mixed with oil, ginger, and pepper, 
 and used as a cataplasm in sick headache. 
 
 Acrotarsium (ak-ro-tar' -se-um) [anpov, the sum- 
 mit; rapaoc, the tarsus]. The instep. 
 
 Acroteric (ak-ro-ter'-ik) [aKpajx^pca, the ex- 
 tremities]. Relating to the extremities; ap- 
 plied to conditions in which the extremities 
 are most affected. 
 
 Acrotic (ah-krot'-ik) [a, priv.; Kpo-og, a stak- 
 ing]. Relating to acrotism. 
 
 Acrotism (ah'-krot-izm) [see Acrotic], Any de- 
 fective beating of the pulse; failure of the pulse. 
 
 Acrylaldehyd (ak-ril-aV -de-hid). See Acrolein. 
 
 Aetata (ak-te'-ah) [ami}, the elder]. A genus 
 of ranunculaceous plants having active medi- 
 cinal qualities. A. alba, the white cohosh, 
 has much the same qualities as A. spicata. 
 A. cimicifuga and A. racemosa are more im- 
 portant. See Cimicijuga. A. rubra, red co- 
 hosh, and A. spicata are purgative and 
 emetic. 
 
 Actinic (ak-tin'-ik) [anzee, a ray]. Referring 
 to those rays of the spectrum capable of 
 producing chemic changes; they occur in 
 the violet and ultraviolet parts. 
 
 Actinism (ak'-lin-izm) [see Actinic]. The 
 chemic quality of light. 
 
 Actinium (ak-tin'-e-um) [see Actinic]. A sup- 
 posed element discovered by Phipson in 
 1881 in association with zinc. It is metallic 
 and is said to resemble titanium. 
 
 Actinobolia (ak-iin-o-ho' -le-ah) [anTtvofioXiiv, 
 to radiate]. 1. A term formerly used to 
 express the process by which the impulses 
 of the will are conveyed to the different parts 
 of the body. 2. Van Helmont's term for the 
 phenomena now included under hypnotism. 
 
 Actinocerate, Actinocerous (ak-tin-os'-er-dt, 
 -us) [a/v-Wo, a ray; Kepof, a horn]. Having 
 horn-like processes radiately arranged. 
 
 Actinochemistry (ak-lin-o-kem'-is-tre) [d/cric, a 
 ray; yqjisca, chemistry]. Chemistry which 
 deals with the decomposition of substances 
 by light. 
 
 Actinodermatitis (ak - tin - - der -mat - i' - tis) 
 [auric, a ray; dermatitis]. Cutaneous lesions 
 produced by application of the rbntgen-rays. 
 Syn., Radiodermatitis. 
 
 Actinogram (ak-tin' -o-gram) [duxes, a ray; 
 ■fpafetv, to write]. The record made by the 
 actinograph. 
 
 Actinograph (ak-tin' -o-graf). An apparatus to 
 measure the actinism of sunlight. 
 
 Actinomyces (ak-tin-om' -i-sez) [aKztf. a ray; 
 fiUKfjc, a fungus ; pi., actinomycetcs]. A vege- 
 table parasite, the cause of the disease actino- 
 mycosis. It is also called the ray-jungus. It 
 probably belongs to the cladothlix group of 
 schizomycetes. As seen in tissues it presents 
 itself in the form of a roset of fine fila- 
 ments clubbed at their outer ends; in the 
 
ACTINOMYCOSIS 
 
 26 
 
 ADAMRIEWICZ'S REACTION 
 
 center are numerous coccus-like bodies, the 
 spores of the organism. 
 
 Actinomyces. 
 
 Actinomycosis (ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-sis) [duref, a 
 ray; juu/«jf, a fungus]. A parasitic, infec- 
 tious, inoculable disease, first observed in 
 cattle, and also occurring in man, and char- 
 acterized by the manifestations of chronic 
 inflammation, with or without suppuration, 
 often resulting in the formation of granula- 
 tion tumors, especially about the jaws. The 
 disease is due to the presence of a parasite, 
 the ray-fungus, or actinomyces. Syn., Lumpy- 
 jaw; Holdfast; Wooden tongue. 
 
 Actinomycotic (ak-tin-o-mi-kof -ik) [see Acti- 
 nomycosis']. Pertaining to or affected with 
 actinomycosis. 
 
 Actinotherapy (ak-tin-o-ther' '-ap-e) [dxr/c, a 
 ray; departs ta, therapy]. The therapeutic use 
 of actinic rays. 
 
 Action (ak'-shun) [agere, to do or perform]. 
 A doing; a working; especially the perform- 
 ance of a function. A., After-, the brief 
 persistence of negative variation of the elec- 
 tric current in a tetanized muscle. A.s, 
 Animal, voluntary movements. A. of Ar- 
 rest. See Inhibition. A., Automatic. See 
 A., Reflex. A., Capillary. See Attraction, 
 Capillary. A., Diastaltic. See A., Reflex. 
 A., Electrocapillary, electric phenomena 
 resulting from chemic reaction between 
 dissimilar fluids connected by a capillary 
 medium. A., Inhibitory. See Inhibition. 
 A., Katalytic, A., Contact. See Katalysis. 
 A., Local, the production of currents be- 
 tween different parts of the same cell of a 
 galvanic battery. A.s, Natural, the vegeta- 
 tive functions. A.s, Pseudomotor, Heid- 
 enhain's term for phenomena resulting from 
 stimulation of the chorda tympani after 
 section of the hypoglossal nerve; movements 
 due to vascular or lymphatic engorgement. 
 A., Reflex, an involuntary movement of part 
 of the body resulting from an impression 
 carried by a sensory or afferent nerve to 
 a center, and then sent back by an efferent 
 nerve to the part, usually at or near the 
 source of irritation. A., Safety-valve, the in- 
 complete closure of the tricuspid valve, espe- 
 cially in cases of resistance in the pulmonary 
 circulation. A., Sexual, functioning of the 
 generative apparatus. A.S, Vital, those es- 
 
 sential to the continuance of vitality, as of 
 the heart and lungs. 
 Active (ak'-tiv) [see Action], i. Energetic; 
 decisive; as, active treatment. 2. Due to an 
 intrinsic force as distinguished from passive — 
 e. g., active hyperemia. 
 Actol (ak'-tol). The commercial name for 
 
 silver lactate. 
 Actual (ak'-chu-al) [agere, to do or perform]. 
 
 Real; effective. A. Cautery. See Cautery. 
 Actuation (ak-chu-a' '-shun) [see Actual]. The 
 mental function that is exercised be- 
 tween the impulse of volition and its per- 
 formance. 
 Acuclosure (ak-u-klo' -zhur) [acus, a needle; 
 claudere, to close]. A method of arresting 
 hemorrhage by the aid of a needle which 
 holds the artery closed for a day. It em- 
 braces acupressure and acutorsion. 
 Acuition (ak-u-ish' -un) [acuere, to sharpen]. 
 Increased effect of a drug's action by the 
 addition of another drug. 
 Acuity (ak-u'-it-e) [see Acuition]. Acuteness or 
 
 clearness, as acuity of vision. 
 Acumeter {ak-u' -met-er) . See Acoumeter. 
 Acuminate {ak-u' -min-at) [acuminatus, pointed; 
 
 acute]. Sharp-pointed. 
 Acupressure (ak' -u-presh-ur) [acus, a needle; 
 pressura, pressure]. An operation to stop 
 hemorrhage by compressing the artery with a 
 needle inserted into the tissues upon either 
 side. 
 Acupuncture (ak' -u-punk-chur) [acus, a needle; 
 pungere, to prick]. Puncture of the skin or 
 tissue by one or more needles for the relief 
 of pain, the exit of "fluid, the coagulation of 
 blood in an aneurysm, etc. 
 Acusia (ah-koo'-ze-ah). See Acousia (2). 
 Acute (ak-uf) [acutus, sharp]. Sharp; sharp- 
 pointed; keen; of diseases, having a rapid 
 onset, a short course, and pronounced symp- 
 toms and termination. 
 Acuteness (ak-uf -nes). The quality of being 
 
 acute. 
 Acuticostal (ak-ut-i-kos' -tat) [acutus, sharp; 
 
 costa, a rib]. Having projecting ribs. 
 AcUtorsion (ak-u-tor' -shun) [acus, a needle; 
 torsion]. The twisting of an artery with a 
 needle as a means of controlling hemorrhage. 
 Acyclia (ah-sik' -le-ah) [a, priv. ; nunXe'cv, to 
 circulate]. An arrest of the circulation of 
 body-fluids. 
 Acyesis (ah-si-e' -sis) [a, priv.; kut}occ, preg- 
 nancy]. 1. Sterility of the female. 2. The 
 absence of pregnancy. 3. Incapacity for nat- 
 ural delivery. Syn., Aciesis. 
 Ad [ad, to]. A Latin preposition signifying 
 to, toward, at, etc.; as, ad deliquium, to faint- 
 ing; ad libitum, at pleasure or according 
 to discretion. 
 Adactylism (ah-dak' -til-izm) [a, priv.; d&n- 
 zuXoc, a finger]. The absence of the digits. 
 Adactylous (ah-dak' -til-us) [see Adactylism]. 
 
 Without fingers or toes. 
 Adam's Apple. See Pomum adami. 
 Adamkiewicz's Reaction for Proteids. To a 
 mixture of 1 volume concentrated sulfuric 
 
ADAMS' DISEASE 
 
 27 
 
 ADENOCARCINOMA 
 
 acid and 2 volumes glacial acetic acid add 
 the proteid. At the ordinary temperature a 
 reddish-violet color is obtained slowly, but 
 more quickly on heating. The liquid has 
 also a feeble fluorescence, and gives an ab- 
 sorption band between the lines B and F in 
 the solar spectrum. 
 
 Adams' Disease. See Adams-Stokes' Disease. 
 
 Adams-Stokes' Disease. Permanent or recur- 
 rent bradycardia, combined with syncopal or 
 epileptoid attacks, dependent probably upon 
 arteriosclerosis of the vertebral and basilar 
 arteries. 
 
 Adansonia digitata (ad-an-so' -ne-ah dij-it-a'- 
 tah). The baobab-tree, a native of Africa. 
 The bark is used in the form of an infusion, 
 1 oz. to 1 pint, as a remedy for intermittent 
 fever. Unof. 
 
 Adanto blaka. A malady common among the 
 negroes of the Gold Coast and of frequent 
 prevalence in the tropic zone; it is due to an 
 animal parasite. 
 
 Adapter (ad-ap'-ter) [adaptare, to adjust]. 1. 
 Anything which serves the purpose of fitting 
 one thing to another. An instrument by 
 means of which the direct electric current 
 may be adapted to the various forms of 
 electrotherapeutic treatment. 2. A piece of 
 tubing used to connect the neck of a retort 
 with a receiver. 3. A microscope attachment 
 for centering or decentering the illuminating 
 apparatus. 4. A collar used to fit an objec- 
 tive to a different nose-piece than that for 
 which it was made. 
 
 Addiment {ad'-im-ent) [addere, to add]. Ehr- 
 lich's and Morgenroth's term (1899) for an 
 active thermolabile substance (destroyed by a 
 temperature of 5 6° C.) contained in normal 
 serum and capable of rendering active the 
 immune body of Ehrlich and setting up bac- 
 teriolysis and hemolysis. See Complement. 
 
 Addison's Anemia. Pernicious anemia. A.'s 
 Disease, a disease of the suprarenal capsules, 
 first described by Addison, and characterized 
 by tuberculous infiltration of the capsules, 
 discoloration of the skin, progressive anemia, 
 and asthenia, ending in death from exhaus- 
 tion. Bronzed skin may occur without dis- 
 ease of the suprarenal capsules, and the latter 
 have been the seat of morbid processes with- 
 out an accompanying change in the skin. 
 Syn., Melasma suprarenale; Dermatomelasma 
 suprarenale; Cutis cerea; Bronzed skin. A.'s 
 Keloid, morphea. 
 
 Addition (ad-ish'-un) [addere, to add]. The 
 formation of a molecule by the direct union 
 of two or more different molecules without 
 decomposition. A. Compound. See under 
 Compound. A. Product. See under Pro- 
 duct. A. Reaction. See under Reaction. 
 
 Adducens (a-du'-senz) [adducere, to bring 
 toward]. An adductor, a term applied to 
 certain muscles. A. oculi, the internal 
 rectus muscle of the eye. 
 
 Adducent (a-du'-sent) [see Adducens - ]. Per- 
 forming adduction. 
 
 Adduction (ad-uk' '-shun) [see Adducens]. Any 
 
 movement whereby a part is brought toward 
 another or toward the median line of the body. 
 
 Adductor (ad-uk' -tor) [see Adducens]. Any 
 muscle effecting adduction. 
 
 Adelodermatous, Adelodermous (ad-el-o-der' - 
 mat-us, ad-el-o-der' -mus) [aorjXoc, not seen; 
 okpjia, skin]. Having concealed integument, 
 as invaginated tracts. 
 
 Adelomorphous (ad-el-o-mor' -}us) [adf}Xoc, not 
 seen; IJ-op(f)rj, form]. Not clearly defined; 
 not having a determinate form (a term ap- 
 plied to certain cells in the gastric glands). 
 
 Adenasthenia (ad-en-as-lhe' -ne-ah) [dof/V, a 
 gland; daOiveca, weakness]. A disorder of 
 the stomach characterized by diminished and 
 enfeebled secretion without anatomic lesion. 
 
 Adenectomy (ad-en-ek' -to-me) [dorp, a gland; 
 iKZOfiTj, excision]. The excision of a gland. 
 
 Adenia (ad-e* -ne-ah) [dorp, a gland]. A hyper- 
 plasia of the tissue of lymphatic glands lead- 
 ing to the formation of tumors. See Lymph- 
 adenoma. A.s, Angibromic, Piorry's term 
 for diseases of the glandular adnexa of the 
 digestive tract. A., Leukemic, adenia as- 
 sociated with a leukemic condition of the 
 blood. A., Simple, that form which is un- 
 accompanied by any increase in the num- 
 ber of the white blood-corpuscles. A syno- 
 nym of Hodgkin's disease. 
 
 Adeniform (ad-en' -e-form) [dorp, a gland; 
 forma, resemblance]. Of the shape of a 
 gland; gland -like. 
 
 Adenin (ad'-en-in) [dorp, a. gland], C 5 H 5 N 5 . 
 The simplest member of the uric -acid group 
 of leukomains, apparently formed by poly- 
 merization of hydrocyanic acid, first discovered 
 in the pancreas. It occurs, with other bases, 
 as a decomposition-product of nuclein, and 
 may be obtained from all animal and veget- 
 able tissues rich in nucleated cells. It crys- 
 tallizes in leaflets with pearly luster. It exists 
 abundantly in the fiver and urine of leuko- 
 cythemic patients. Adenin is not poisonous. 
 
 Adenitis (ad-en-i'-tis) [dorp, a gland; czcc, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of a gland. Syn., 
 Phlegmasia adenosa; Phlegmasia glandulosa. 
 A. cervicalis syphilitica, an engorgement of 
 the cervical lymphatic glands; a sign of 
 syphilitic infection. A. cubitalis, Griinfeld's 
 term for inflammation of the epitrochlear 
 lymphatic gland. A. hyperplastica, Griin- 
 feld's term for a bubo in which plastic exu- 
 dation predominates. A. pubica, bubo of 
 the pubic region, often accompanied by sup- 
 purative lymphangitis of the dorsum of the 
 penis. A., Syphilitic, Primitive. See 
 Bubo, Syphilitic. A. universalis, a wide- 
 spread induration of the lymphatic glands 
 accompanying primary syphilis. 
 
 Adeno- [ddr)v, a gland]. A prefix denoting 
 relation to glands. 
 
 Adenoblast (ad' -en-o -blast) [dorp, a gland; 
 ftXacruoc, a germ]. 1. Any functionally active 
 gland-cell; a cell that assists in the glandular 
 action. 2. Haeckel's name for an embryonic 
 cell which forms a gland. 
 
 Adenocarcinoma (ad-en -o-kar -sin -0' - mah) 
 
ADENOCELE 
 
 28 
 
 ADENOPHARYNGEAL 
 
 [ddrjv, a gland; carcinoma]. Adenoma blended 
 with carcinoma. 
 
 Adenocele (ad'-en-o-sel or ad-en-o -se'-le) [ddrjv, 
 a gland; xrjXrj, a tumor]. A cystic tumor 
 containing adenomatous elements. 
 
 Adenocellulitis (ad-en-o -sel-u-W -tis) [ddrjv, a 
 gland; cellulitis). Inflammation of a gland 
 and the surrounding cellular tissue. 
 
 Adenocyst (ad-en' '-o-sist) [ddrjv, a gland; kuotcc, 
 a cyst]. A cystic lymphatic gland; a glandu- 
 lar cyst. Cf. Adenocystoma. 
 
 Adenocystoma (ad-en-o-sis-to' -mah) [ddrjv, a 
 gland; noouc, a cyst; ojia, a tumor]. A cystic 
 adenoma. 
 
 Adenofibroma (ad-en-o- fi-bro' -mah) [ddrjv, a 
 gland; fibroma]. A combination of adenoma 
 and fibroma. 
 
 Adenofibrosis {ad-en-o-fi-bro' -sis) [ddrjv, a 
 gland; fibrosis]. Fibroid degeneration of a 
 gland, particularly the inflammatory neoplasms 
 involving sudoriparous glands, due to infection 
 with Botryomyces. Cf. Botryomycosis. 
 
 Adenography (ad-en-o g'-ra-fe) [ddrjv, a gland; 
 j-pacbetv, to write]. That part of descriptive 
 anatomy which treats of the glandular system. 
 
 Adenohypersthenia (ad-en-o- hi-per-sthe'-ne- 
 ah) [ddrjv, a gland; bnkp, over; oOivoc, 
 strength], Excessive activity of the glands. 
 A. gastrica, a condition characterized by 
 the secretion of gastric juice abnormally rich 
 in hydrochloric acid or excessive in quantity. 
 
 Adenoid (ad'-en-oid) [ddf)v, a gland; eldog, 
 resemblance]. Resembling a gland. A. 
 Acne. See Lupus, Disseminated Follicular. 
 A. Body. i. The prostate gland. 2. A 
 melanotic tumor. A. Disease. Synonym of 
 Hodgkin's disease. A. Muscle. See Thyro- 
 adenoideus under Muscle. A. Tissue, lym- 
 phadenoid tissue. A. Tumor. See Adenoma. 
 A. Vegetations, a term applied to a hyper- 
 trophy of the adenoid tissue that normally 
 exists in the nasopharynx. 
 
 Adenolipoma (ad-en-o-lip-o'-mah) [ddf)v, a 
 gland; lipoma]. A combination of adenoma 
 and lipoma. 
 
 Adenolipomatosis (ad-en-o-lip-o-mai-o'-sis) 
 [adenolipoma]. A diseased condition of the 
 lymphatic system characterized by fatty de- 
 posits in the neighborhood of the neck, axillas, 
 and groins. It is generally unattended with 
 pain. Syn., Multiple lipomas; Symmetric 
 lipomas of nervous origin. 
 
 Adenology (ad-en-ol' -o-je) [ddrjv, a gland; 
 Xoyoc, a discourse]. The science of the 
 glandular system. 
 
 Adenolymphoma (ad-en-o -lim-} o' -mah) [ddf)v, a 
 gland; lymphoma]. A combined adenoma 
 and lymphoma. See Lymphadenoma. 
 
 Adenoma (ad-en-o' -mah) [ddf)v, a gland; opta, a 
 tumor]. 1. An epithelial tumor constructed 
 after the type of a secreting gland. 2. Any 
 tumor which has as its characteristic feature 
 tubes or spaces lined with epithelium, whether 
 or not it arises from or is connected with a 
 gland. A. carcinomatodes renis, a renal 
 neoplasm probably derived from aberrant 
 adrenal tissue in the kidney. A. destruens, 
 
 a destructive form of adenoma. A. dif- 
 fusum, hyperplasia of the mucous mem- 
 brane with predominance of glandular ele- 
 ments. A. fibrosum, a fibrous growth in 
 the stroma of a gland. A., Heteropodous, 
 one arising from the metastasis of normal 
 glandular tissue. A.,Lupiform. See Lupus 
 erythematosus. A., Malignant, an adeno- 
 matous carcinoma. A., Papillary, A. papil- 
 liferum, a form arising from either the 
 alveolar or the tubular adenoma through 
 stronger growth of the epithelium and the 
 formation of papillas of connective tissue. 
 A., Racemose, an adenoma after the type 
 of a racemose gland. A., Renal, glandular 
 carcinoma of the kidney. A. simplex, a 
 tumor -like hyperplasia of a gland. A. 
 sudoriparum, a cutaneous tumor involving 
 hyperplasia of the sweat-glands. Cf. Hidros- 
 adenitis. A., Tubular, an adenoma after 
 the type of a tubular gland. A., Umbilical, 
 a tumor at the navel originating through the 
 coalescence of Meckel's diverticulum with the 
 umbilical ring, through which the intestinal 
 mucosa appears in the navel. Syn., Intestinal 
 ectropia. 
 
 Adenomalacia (ad-en-o -mal-a' -she-ah) [ddrjv, a 
 gland; fxakaida, softening]. Abnormal soft- 
 ening of a gland. 
 
 Adenomatome (ad-en-o' -mat-om) [adenoma; 
 rout), a cutting] . Cutting forceps or scissors for 
 use in the removal of adenomatous growths. 
 
 Adenomeningeal (ad-en-o -men-in' -je-al) [ddrjv, 
 a gland; firjvcjr£, a membrane]. Pertaining 
 to or affecting the glands of a membrane. 
 
 Adenomyoma (ad-en-o -mi-o' -mah) [ddrjv, a 
 gland; fiuc, a muscle; fijia, a tumor]. A 
 tumor composed of glandular and muscular 
 tissues. A., Branchiogenic, cyst-formation 
 in consequence of inflammation of the 
 mucous bursa in the median line of the neck. 
 
 Adenomyxoma (ad-en-o-miks-o' -mah) [ddijv, a 
 gland; fiu£ a, mucus; o/x a, a tumor] . A growth 
 having the characters of adenoma and 
 myxoma. 
 
 Adenomyxosarcoma (ad-en-o -miks' '-o-sar-ko- 
 mah). A rare combination of malignant 
 tumor forms (observed in the cervix uteri); 
 a primary adenoma with secondary sarcoma 
 and finally myxomatous degeneration of the 
 stromas. 
 
 Adenopathy, Adenopathia (ad-en-op' -a-the, 
 ad-en-o -pa' -the -ah) [ddrjv, a gland; izbBoc, dis- 
 ease]. Any disease of a gland. A., Angio- 
 bromic. See Adenias, ' Angibromic. A., 
 Primary, the lymphadenitis resulting from 
 primary syphilitic infection. A., Syphilitic, 
 the enlarged and indurated cervical, inguinal, 
 and cubital glands symptomatic of syphilitic 
 infection. A., Tracheobronchial, A., Tra- 
 cheobronchic, hypertrophy of the peribron- 
 chial lymphatic glands observed in the course 
 of various diseases, causing spasmodic cough. 
 A., Tracheolaryngeal, inflammation and 
 hypertrophy of the tracheolaryngeal lym- 
 phatic glands. 
 
 Adenopharyngeal (ad-en-o -far -in' -je-al) [ddrjv f 
 
ADENOPHARYNGITIS 
 
 29 
 
 ADIPOMA 
 
 a gland; (frdpyrg, pharynx]. Pertaining 
 to the thyroid gland and the pharynx. 
 
 Adenopharyngitis (ad-en-o-far-in-ji'-tis) [dorp, 
 a gland; (faapojZ, pharynx; ncc, inflamma- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the tonsils and 
 pharynx. 
 
 Adenophthalmia (ad-en-of-thal'-me-ah) [ddr,v, 
 a gland; 6<f}daXa6$, the eye]. Inflammation 
 of the meibomian glands. 
 
 Adenophyma (ad -e -no -ft' -ma) [ddtjv, a gland; 
 <p'jp.a, a tumor or growth]. A soft swelling of 
 a gland. 
 
 Adenosarcoma (ad-en-o-sar-ko' -mah) [ddrjv, a 
 gland ; sarcoma] . A tumor with the characters 
 of adenoma and sarcoma. 
 
 Adenosarcorhabdomyoma (ad -en-o-sar-ko- 
 rab-do-mi-o' -mah). A neoplasm composed 
 of the elements of sarcoma, adenoma, and 
 rhabdomyoma. 
 
 Adenosynchitonitis (ad-en-o-sin-ki-ton-i' -tis) 
 [dorjv, a gland; auv, with; YJtujv, a covering; 
 c~cg, inflammation], i. Inflammation of the 
 meibomian glands. 2. Ophthalmia neona- 
 torum. 
 
 Adenotome (ad' -en-o-tom) [ddf/V, a gland; roprj, 
 a cutting] . An instrument for incising a gland. 
 
 Adephagia (ad-e-fa' -je-ah) [adyfidroc; eating 
 one's fill; gluttonous]. Voracious appetite; 
 bulimia. 
 
 Adeps (ad'-eps) [L., gen., adipis]. 1. Lard. 
 The fat obtained from the abdomen of the 
 hog, composed of 38 % stearin and mar- 
 garin and 62 % olein. It forms 70 % of 
 ceratum and 80 % of unguentum. 2. Fatness. 
 3. Animal fat. A. anserinus, A. anseris, 
 goose-grease. A. benzoinatus (U. S. P), 
 benzoinated lard; contains 2 % of benzoin. 
 A. curatus, a preparation of lard, 48 
 parts, and 1 part of peruvian balsam. A. ex 
 fele, cat's grease. A. lanas (U. S. P.), lanolin. 
 A. lanae hydrosus (U. S. P.), hydrous wool- 
 fat, the purified fat of the wool of the sheep. 
 A. ovillus, A. ovis, mutton suet. A fixed oil 
 (oleum adipis) is expressed from lard. A. 
 praeparatus (B. P.), purified fat of the 
 hog. A. suillus, hog's lard; adeps. 
 
 Adermia (ah-der' '-me-ah) [d, priv.; dipua, 
 skin]. Absence of the skin. 
 
 Adermogenesis (ah-der -mo -jen' '-es-is) [d, priv.; 
 dipua, skin; jiveocc, generation]. Deficient 
 cutaneous development. 
 
 Adgenic, Adgenicus (ad-jen'-ik, ad-jen' '-ik-us) 
 [ad, to; gena, the chin]. Attached to the 
 genial tubercles or apophyses. 
 
 Adhatoda (ad-ha-to' -da) [from the Tamil name]. 
 A genus of plants of the order Acanthacece. 
 A. hyssopifolia, a species native of South 
 Africa; the willow-leaved Malabar nut; 
 bitter, aromatic. A. vasica, a species 
 native of tropical Asia; the Malabar nut. 
 The juice of the leaves is used as an expec- 
 torant. The leaves, flowers, and root are 
 considered antispasmodic and are given in 
 asthma, intermittent fever, and rheumatism. 
 The fresh flowers are bound over the eyes 
 in cases of ophthalmia. In decoction the 
 leaves with other remedies are used as an 
 
 anthelmintic. The nut is emmenagog and 
 used to expel the dead fetus. 
 Adhesion (ad-he' -zhun) [adhcerere, to stick to]. 
 
 1. The attractive force between two dis- 
 similar bodies that are in contact. 2. Ab- 
 normal union of two surfaces as a result of 
 inflammation, etc. A., Primary, called also 
 healing by first intention and by immediate 
 union, a method of healing of wounds by the 
 production of lymph, followed by the vascu- 
 larization and cicatrization of the exudate. 
 A., Secondary, or healing by second inten- 
 tion, or by granidation, is that mode of heal- 
 ing attended by the production of pus and the 
 formation of granulations. 
 
 Adhesive (ad-fie' -siv) [see Adhesion]. Sticky; 
 tenacious. A. Inflammation, inflamma- 
 tion accompanied by plastic exudation, and 
 tending to the union of apposed surfaces. A. 
 Plaster. See Resin and Emplastrnm. 
 
 Adhesol (ad-he' -sol). A surgical dressing said 
 to contain copal resin, 350 parts; benzoin, 
 30 parts; oil of thyme, 20 parts; alpha- 
 naphthol, 3 parts; tolu balsam, 30 parts; ether, 
 1000 parts. 
 
 Adhyoid (ad-hi' -oid) . Adherent to the hyoid 
 bone. 
 
 Adiantum (ad-e-an' -turn) [d, priv.; dcavzog, 
 wettable]. A genus of ferns; the maiden- 
 hair. A. capillns-vcneris and A. pedatum, 
 of North America, are serviceable in coughs 
 and as demulcents. 
 
 Adiarthrotos (ah-di-ar-thro'-ios) [ddcdpOpoj-og, 
 not jointed]. 1. Without joints; unjointed. 
 
 2. Inarticulate (applied to speech). 
 Adiemorrysis, Adiaemorrhysis (ah-di-e-mor'-e- 
 
 sis)[d, priv.; oca, through; a>p.a, blood; puocg, 
 flowing]. Failure of the circulation of the 
 blood through the veins, due to some obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Adipatum (ad -ip' -a -turn). An ointment-base 
 said to consist of lanolin, vaselin, paraffin, 
 and water. 
 
 Adipic (ad-ip'-ik) [adeps, lard]. Of or belong- 
 ing to fat. A. Acid. See Acid, Adipic. 
 
 Adipocele (ad'-ip-o-sel) [adeps; kt.at), hernia]. 
 A true hernia with hernia sac, containing 
 only fatty tissue. 
 
 'Adipo cellular (ad-ip-o-sel'-u-lar). Made up of 
 fat and connective tissue. 
 
 Adipocere (ad'-ip-o-ser) [adeps; cera, wax]. 
 A wax-like substance formed by the expo- 
 sure of fleshy tissue to moisture, with the 
 exclusion of air; i. e., in the earth or under 
 water. It consists of the fatty acids in com- 
 bination with the alkaline earths and am- 
 monium. Human bodies in moist burial 
 places often undergo this change. 
 
 Adipofibroma (ad-ip-o-fi-bro'-mah) [adeps; fi- 
 broma]. A combined fatty and fibrous 
 tumor. 
 
 Adipolysis (ad-ip-oV '-is-is) [adeps; )jjocc, disso- 
 lution]. The cleavage or hydrolysis of fats 
 in the process of digestion by the action of a 
 fat-splitting enzym. 
 
 Adipoma (ad-ip-o'-mah) [adeps; b t ua, a tumor] 
 A fatty tumor; lipoma. 
 
ADIPOSE 
 
 30 
 
 ADVANCEMENT 
 
 6- 
 
 Adipose Tissue from a Sec- 
 tion of Human Scalp 
 (X 500).— (Stdhr.) 
 
 a, Fat-cells in simple layer; 
 b, in superposed layers; c, 
 fibrillar connective tissues. 
 
 Adipose (ad'-ip-os) [adeps]. Fatty. A. Tis- 
 sue, fatty tissue, which is distributed exten- 
 sively through 
 the body. It 
 consists of ar- 
 eolar connect- 
 ive tissue, the 
 cells of which 
 contain fat- 
 globules. 
 Adiposis (ad-ip- 
 o'-sis) [adeps]. 
 Corpulence ; 
 fatty infiltra- 
 tion. A. do- 
 lorosa, Der- 
 cum's dis- 
 ease, charac- 
 terized by the 
 formation of 
 soft nodules 
 throughout the 
 connective tis- 
 sue of the body, 
 accompanied 
 by neuralgic 
 pains. A. hepatica, fatty degeneration or 
 infiltration of the liver. 
 Adipositas (ad-ip-os' '-it-as) [L.]. Fatness; cor- 
 pulency. A. cordis, a fatty condition of 
 the heart. 
 Adiposity {ad-ip-os' -it-e). Fatness; corpulency. 
 Adipsa (ad-ip'-sah) [neut. pi. of adipsus, with- 
 out thirst]. 1. Remedies to allay thirst. 2. 
 Foods which do not produce thirst. 
 Adipsia (ah-dip' -se-ah) [a, priv.; di(pa, thirst]. 
 
 Absence of thirst. 
 Aditus {ad'-it-us) [adire, to go to]. In 
 anatomy, an entrance. A. ad antrum, the 
 outer side of the attic, opening upward, 
 backward, and outward into the mastoid 
 antrum. It gives lodgment to the head of 
 the malleus and the greater part of the in- 
 cus. A. ad aquaeductum sylvii, the en- 
 trance to the ventricular aqueduct situated 
 at the lower posterior angle of the third 
 ventricle of the brain. A. ad infuridibulum, 
 a smaller canal extending from the third 
 ventricle into the infundibulum; it is also 
 called vulva. A. ad laryngem, A. laryngis, 
 the entrance to the larynx. 
 Adjuster (ad-jus 1 '-ter) [Fr., adjuster, to adjust]. 
 1. He who or that which adjusts. 2. A de- 
 vice formerly used for the forcible reduction 
 of dislocations. 3. A device for holding to- 
 gether the two ends of a silver wire suture, 
 to secure approximation of the parts without 
 strain on the tissues. 
 Adjustment, Coarse. The rack and pinion 
 for raising or lowering the tube of a micro- 
 scope a considerable distance. A., Fine, the 
 micrometer screw, generally at the top of the 
 column of a microscope, for raising or lower- 
 ing the tube slowly through a short distance. 
 Adjuvant (ad'-ju-vant) [adjuvare, to assist]. 
 A medicine that assists the action of another 
 to which it is added. 
 
 Admaxillary (ad-maks' '-il-a-re) . Pertaining to 
 maxillary structures. Cf. Gland, Admaxillary. 
 
 Adnasal (ad-na'-sal) [ad, near to; nasus, the 
 nose]. Pertaining to the nose. 
 
 Adnexa (ad-neks' -ah) [ad, to; nectere, to join]. 
 Adjunct parts, as the adnexa of the uterus. A. 
 bulbi, the appendages of the bulb of the eye. 
 A. uteri, the fallopian tubes and the ovaries. 
 
 Adolescence (ad-o-les' -ens) [adolescere, to grow]. 
 Youth, or the period between puberty and 
 maturity, usually reckoned as extending in 
 males from about 14 to 25 years, and in 
 females from 12 to 21 years. 
 
 Adonidin (ad-on' -id-in) [Adonis]. A glucosid 
 derived from Adonis vernalis, a plant in- 
 digenous in Europe and Asia. It is recom- 
 mended in cardiac dropsy. Dose \-\ gr. 
 (0.008-0.016 Gm.). Unof. A. Tannate, a 
 yellowish-brown powder, soluble in alcohol, 
 slightly soluble in water; it is used in the 
 same manner as the glucosid. 
 
 Adonis (ad-o'-nis). A genus of European herbs 
 belonging to the order Ranunculacece. A. 
 aestivalis, a plant much used in Italy as a 
 cardiac tonic. Dose of ftuidextract 1-2 min. 
 (0.06-0.12 Cc); of the tincture 10-30 min. 
 (0.6-2.0 Cc). A. vernalis, is used as a 
 cardiac stimulant, antipyretic, and diuretic. 
 Dose of the tincture 3-20 min. (0.2-1.3 Cc). 
 
 Adorbital (ad-orb' -it-at) [ad, near to; orbita, 
 orbit]. Pertaining to the orbit. A. Bone. 
 See Lacrimal Bone. 
 
 Adrenal (ad-re' -naV) [ad, near to; ren, the kid- 
 ney]. 1. Adjacent to the kidney. 2. The 
 suprarenal capsule. 
 
 Adrenalin (ad-ren'-al-in), C 10 H 15 NO 3 . The 
 active principle of the suprarenal gland. A. 
 Chlorid, used in solution of 1 : 10,000 
 to 1 : 1000 in surgical operations on the 
 eye, ear, nose, urethra, etc; it is a power- 
 ful astringent, hemostatic, and heart tonic. 
 
 Adrenoxin (ad-ren-oks'-in) [adrenal; oxygen], 
 Sajous' name for an organic compound or 
 oxidizing substance formed in the lungs by 
 the internal secretion of the adrenals com- 
 bined with the atmospheric oxygen. He 
 claims that this substance endows the blood- 
 plasm with its oxidizing properties. 
 
 Adrue (ad-ru'-e). Antiemetic root. The root 
 of Cyperus articulatus ; it is anthelmintic, 
 aromatic, stomachic Dose of the ftuidex- 
 tract 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Adsternal (ad-stern' -al) [ad, near to; sternum]. 
 Pertaining to or situated near the sternum. 
 
 Adstrictio (ad-strik' -she-o) [adstringere, to draw 
 together; pi., adstrictiones]. 1. The reten- 
 tion of any natural excretion. 2. The action 
 of an astringent. 3. The ligation of a blood- 
 vessel. A. alvei, constipation. 
 
 Advancement (ad-vans' -ment) [Fr., avancer, to 
 advance]. The act of bringing or going for- 
 ward. Specifically, an operation to remedy 
 strabismus, generally in conjunction with 
 tenotomy, whereby the opposite tendon from 
 the overacting one, having been cut, is 
 brought forward, so that, growing fast in a 
 more advanced position, it shall have more 
 
ADVENTITIA 
 
 31 
 
 AEROTHERMOTHERAPY 
 
 power to act upon the globe of the eye. A., 
 Capsular, an operation similar to that on 
 the tendon upon Tenon's capsule. It differs 
 from advancement in that the tendon itself is 
 not divided. A. of the Round Ligaments, 
 an operation for replacement of the uterus 
 by taking up "the slack of the round liga- 
 ments." See Operation, Alexander's. A. of 
 Tenon's Capsule. See A., Capsular. 
 
 Adventitia (ad-ven-iish' -e^ah) [adventitius, 
 foreign]. The external coat of a blood- 
 vessel. 
 
 Adynamia, Adynamy (ah-din-a' -me-ah, ah- 
 din'-a-me) [a, priv.; obvapcg, power]. Defi- 
 ciency or loss of vital or muscular power; 
 prostration. 
 
 Adynamic (ah-din-am' -ik) [see Adynamia]. Per- 
 taining to or characterized by adynamia. 
 
 Adynamicoataxic (ad-in-am-ik-o-at-aks' -ik) . 
 Pertaining to or characterized by adynamia 
 and ataxia. 
 
 JE-. For all English words sometimes spelled 
 with the diphthong JE see words beginning E. 
 
 Aeby, Plane of. In craniometry, one passing 
 through the nasion and basion perpendicular 
 to the median plane. 
 
 Aer (a'-er). See Air. 
 
 Aerated {a' -er-a-ted) [df)p, the atmosphere]. 
 Impregnated or charged with carbon dioxid 
 or air; arterialized. 
 
 Aeration (a-er-a' '-shun) [df)p, air]. The pro- 
 cess of supplying or charging with air or 
 with some gas, such as carbon dioxid; the 
 state of being supplied with air or gas. 
 
 Aerator {a'-er-a-tor). A machine for forcing 
 gas or air into liquids. 
 
 Aerial (a-e' -re-al) . Pertaining to the air; con- 
 veyed by the air, as aerial conduction of 
 sound-waves. 
 
 Aeriform (a-e' -re-form) [df]p, air; forma, form]. 
 Resembling air or gas. 
 
 Aeroanaerobic (a-er-o-an-a-er-o'-bik). Applied 
 to organisms which are both aerobic and 
 anaerobic. 
 
 Aerobic (a-er-o'-bik) [drjp, air; /Hoc, life]. Re- 
 quiring oxygen (air) in order to live. A term 
 applied to those bacteria requiring free oxy- 
 gen. Those which do not grow in its pres- 
 ence are called anaerobic. Between. these ex- 
 tremes there are forms that are able to grow 
 without oxygen under favorable conditions, 
 though they make use of it when present; 
 others that may grow in its presence, though 
 nourishing best in its absence; these are 
 called respectively facultative aerobic or facul- 
 tative anaerobic, in distinction from those first 
 mentioned, which are called obligatory aero- 
 bic or obligatory anaerobic. 
 
 Aerobioscope (a-er -o-bi' -o-skop) [df)p, air; ftcoc, 
 life; onoxelv, to examine] . An apparatus, con- 
 sisting of a glass tube of special form, for col- 
 lecting and filtering the bacteria from the air. 
 
 Aerobiotic {a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik) [df)p, air; (3 coot choc, 
 pertaining to life]. Thriving only in the pres- 
 ence of air. 
 
 Aerocele (a-er' -o-sel) [df)p, air; kt)\t), tumor], 
 A tumor varying with respiration, found in 
 
 the thyroid region, usually unilateral, with 
 walls resembling mucosa and containing 
 mucous or mucopurulent matter. It is 
 sometimes congenital, but oftener the result 
 of violent coughing or straining. When ac- 
 quired it may disappear spontaneously. Syn., 
 Aerial bronchocele ; Aerial -goiter ; Pneumato- 
 cele; Tracheocele; Hernia of the trachea; 
 " Luftkropf." 
 
 Aeroductor (a-er -o-duk' -tor) [dr,p, air; ducere, to 
 lead]. An apparatus to prevent asphyxia in 
 the fetus when the after-coming head is re- 
 tained. 
 
 Aerodynamics (a-er-o-di-nam 1 '-iks) [df,p, air; 
 dwap.cc, power]. The branch of physics that 
 deals with gases in motion. 
 
 Aerography (a-er-og'-ra-fe) [df)p, air; Ypd<f>rj, a 
 writing]. The description of the air and its 
 qualities. 
 
 Aerology (a-er-ol'-o-je) [drjp, air; Myoc, trea- 
 tise]. The science of the air and its qualities. 
 
 Aerometer (a-er-om' -et-er) [df)p, air; pkzpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for ascertaining 
 the -density of gases. 
 
 Aerophagy (a-er-of'-a-je) [drjp, air; (payslv, to 
 eat]. The imbibing and swallowing of air, 
 especially observed in hysteric patients. 
 
 Aerophil (a-er'-o-fil) [dt/p, air; <f>cke~cv, to love]. 
 An open-air -loving person or creature. 
 
 Aerophobia (a-er-o-fo' -be-ah) [drjp, air; <f>6j3o£, 
 fear]. Dread of a current of air. 
 
 Aerophone (a'-er-o-fon) [drjp, air; <f>tovr), sound]. 
 An instrument for increasing the amplitude 
 of sound-waves. 
 
 Aerophore {a' -er-o-for) [df)p, air; (fripscv, to 
 carry], i. A device for the inflation of the 
 lungs of a still-born child with air. 2. A 
 breathing apparatus for the use of firemen 
 and others, to prevent the inhalation of nox- 
 ious gases. 
 
 Aerophysic (a-er-o-fiz'-ik) [drjp, air; cfiuoav, to in- 
 flate]. Inflated; distended with air; flatulent. 
 
 Aeroplethysmograph (a-er-o-pleth-iz' '-mo-graf) 
 [df)p, air; TtXrjduopoc, an enlargement; ypoKpscv, 
 to write] . An apparatus for registering graph- 
 ically the expired air; the latter raises a very 
 light and carefully equipoised box placed over 
 water, and this moves a writing-style. 
 
 Aeroporotomy (a-er-o-por-of '-o-me) [drjp, air; 
 Tibpoc, a pore; ropf), a cutting]. The opera- 
 tion of admitting air to the lungs, as by 
 intubation or tracheotomy. 
 
 Aeroscope (a'-er -o-skop) [df]p, air; okotzs'cv, to 
 observe]. An instrument for estimating the 
 purity of the air. 
 
 Aeroscopy (a-er-os'-ko-pe) [see Aeroscope]. 
 The investigation of atmospheric conditions. 
 
 Aerostatics (a-er -o-stat' -iks) [df)p, air; otoxckoc, 
 standing]. The branch of physics that treats 
 of the properties of gases at rest. 
 
 Aerotherapeutics, Aerotherapy (a-er-o-ther-a- 
 pu'-tiks, a-er-o-ther' -ap-e) [df]p, air; dspaneuecv, 
 to heal]. A mode of treating disease by 
 compressed or rarefied air or by other gases. 
 
 Aerothermotherapy (a-er -o-ther-mo-ther' '-ap-e) 
 [df)p, air; dippy, heat; 6 spans ca, therapy]. 
 Treatment with hot air. 
 
AEROTHORAX 
 
 32 
 
 AFFUSIO 
 
 Aerothorax (a-er-o-tho'-raks). See Pneumo- 
 thorax. 
 
 Aerotonometer {a-er-o-ton-om' -et-er) [drjp, air; 
 tovoc, tension; ukzpov, a measure]. An in- 
 strument for estimating the tension of gases 
 in the blood. 
 
 Aerourethroscopy {a-er-o-u-re- thros' -ko-pe) 
 [drjp, air; ouprjdpa, urethra; onoize'cv, to ex- 
 amine]. Urethroscopy conjoined with infla- 
 tion of the urethra with air. 
 
 Aerozol (a'-er-o-zol) [drjp, air; bt^ecv, to smell]: 
 A mixture of essential oils said to contain 
 75 % of ozone; it is used by inhalation in 
 catarrhal affections. 
 
 Aerteriversion {a-er-ter-iv-er' -shun). See Ar- 
 terioversion. 
 
 Aerteriverter {a-er-ter-iv-er' -ter). See Arterio- 
 verter. 
 
 iErugo {e-ru'-go) [L., gen., ceruginis\. i. Rust 
 of a metal. 2. Copper rust; verdigris. JE. 
 ferri, the subcarbonate of iron. JE. plumbi, 
 lead carbonate or subcarbonate. 
 
 Aerva {a-er'-vah) [Ar.]. A genus of plants of 
 the order Amarantacece. A. lanata, a 
 species native of tropical Asia and Arabia. 
 It furnishes chaya-root, which contains a 
 mucilaginous principle and has been used as 
 a diuretic, in strangury, and as a depurative. 
 
 -ffisculus (es'-ku-lus) [L.]. A genus of sapin- 
 daceous shrubs and trees; buckeye. JE. 
 glabra, Ohio buckeye. The bark is tonic, 
 astringent, and antiperiodic. Dose of fluid- 
 extract 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). JE.hxp-po- 
 castanum, horse-chestnut. The bark is 
 tonic, astringent, antiperiodic. Dose of fluid- 
 extract 20-60 min. (1.2-3.7 Cc). JE. pavia, 
 red buckeye. The bark has been used as a 
 febrifuge. The fruit is said to be an active 
 convulsant. All unof. 
 
 Estates {es-ta'-tez) [L., pi.]. Freckles or sun- 
 burn. 
 
 JEtas (e'-tas) [L.]. Age; a period of life. See 
 Age. 
 
 ^thomrna (eth-om' '-ah) [atdoc, of a burnt 
 color; biifia, the eye]. 1. Part's term for a 
 pigmented condition of the humors and tunics 
 of the eye. 2. Kiihn's term for a morbid 
 condition marked by flashes of light and 
 flame appearing before the eye. 
 
 Afebrile (ah-feb'-ril) [a, priv.; febrilis, fever- 
 ish]. Without fever. 
 
 Affection (af-ek'-shun) [afficere, to affect]. Dis- 
 ease. A., Parainfectious, one in which the 
 symptoms or conditions are only indirectly 
 related to the disease named; a by-condi- 
 tion or accessory infection of certain diseases 
 characterized by the appearance of symptoms 
 attributable to an intercurrent or secondary 
 infection, as in the case of noma occurring in 
 cases of measles and due to infection with 
 diphtheria. 
 
 Affective (af-ek'-tiv) [see Affection]. Exciting 
 emotion. A. Faculties, the emotions and pro- 
 pensities, especially those peculiar to man. 
 • A. Insanity, emotional or impulsive insanity. 
 
 Afferent {a}' '-er-ent) [afferens, carrying to]. 
 Carrying toward the center. Of nerves : con- 
 
 veying impulses toward the central nervous 
 system; sensory; centripetal. Of blood-ves- 
 sels: those, as the arteries, conveying blood 
 to the tissues. Of lymphatics : those convey- 
 ing lymph to a lymphatic gland. 
 
 Afferentia {af-er-en' -she-aK). See Vasa. 
 
 Affiliation {af-il-e-a'-shun) [ad, to; filius, son]. 
 In medical jurisprudence, the act of imput- 
 ing or affixing the paternity of a child in 
 order to provide for its maintenance. 
 
 Affinity {af-in'-it-e) [afflnis, akin to]. 1. Re- 
 lationship. 2. Attraction. 3. In biology, mor- 
 phologic, physiologic, and phylogenetic re- 
 lationship between organisms. A. of Ag- 
 gregation, cohesive attraction; the mechanic 
 affinity of similar molecules tending to the 
 formation of masses. Syn., Quiescent affinity; 
 Afflnitas quiescens. A., Chemic, the force, 
 exerted at inappreciable distances, that unites 
 atoms of different substances. A. of Com- 
 position, the tendency of substances to 
 unite directly without previous decomposition. 
 Syn., Afflnitas compositions; Simple affinity; 
 Single affinity; Compound affinity; Mixing 
 affinity. A., Developed, that exhibited by 
 compounds, but which is not possessed by the 
 constituents separately. Syn., Afflnitas pro- 
 ducta; Resulting affinity; Secondary affinity. 
 A., Divellent, the tendency to form new 
 compounds at the expense of decomposition 
 of those previously existing. Syn., Afflnitas 
 divellens ; Separating affinity. A., Elective, 
 „ the preference of one substance for another. 
 A., Elementary. 1. That which exists be- 
 tween the elements of two or more com- 
 pounds. 2. Physicochemic relationship of 
 elementary substances. A., Mediating, that 
 by virtue of which a substance lacking the 
 power of combination with a certain substance 
 secures it by preliminary combination with 
 another. Syn., Appropriate affinity ; Imparted 
 affinity; Intermediate affinity; Inducing affinity; 
 Inductive affinity ; Affinity of an intermedium ; 
 Afflnitas adjuta; Afflnitas appropriata; Afflni- 
 tas approximata. A., Morbid, the tendency of 
 certain affections to exist synchronously or as 
 sequels. A., Reciprocal, chemic attraction be- 
 tween the elements of a secondary compound, 
 tending, under altered conditions, to the 
 reformation of the primary compound. Syn., 
 Alternating elective affinity ; Afflnitas reciproca. 
 A., Simple Elective, that exhibited by a 
 simple body for a single element of a 
 compound. Syn., Single elective affinity. A. 
 of Solution, that existing between a dissolved 
 substance and its solvent. A., Vital, the 
 selective action or chemiotaxis exhibited by 
 the several tissues of an organism for their 
 peculiar pabulum. 
 
 Affion, Affioni [Turkish]. Crude opium ; it con- 
 tains regularly 10 % of morphin. Syn., Oflflum. 
 
 Affixion {af-ik'-shun) [afflgere, to fasten]. Ad- 
 hesion. 
 
 Afflux (af'-luks) [affluere, to flow toward]. 
 The flow of the blood or other liquid to a 
 part. 
 
 Affusio {af-u'-se-o) [L.; pi., affusiones], 1. An 
 
AFFUSION 
 
 33 
 
 AGEUSIA 
 
 affusion. 2. A suffusion. 3. An infusion. 
 4. A cataract. 
 
 Affusion {af-u'-zhun) [affundere, to pour upon]. 
 The pouring of water upon an object, as 
 upon the body in fever, to reduce tempera- 
 ture and calm nervous symptoms. 
 
 Afibroma (ah-fi-bro' -malt) [a, priv.; fibroma]. 
 A mass of fibrous tissue which is not arranged 
 so as to form a tendon or fascia. 
 
 African Arrow-poison. See Strophanthus. 
 A. Fever. Synonym of Dengue. A. Gum, 
 gum-arabic. A. Lethargy, a "sleeping- 
 sickness" affecting negroes of the west African 
 coast. Increasing somnolence is the charac- 
 teristic symptom. It is very fatal — death 
 from exhaustion follows in from 3 to 6 months. 
 Syn., Nelavan. 
 
 After (af'-ter) [AS., cefter, back]. 1. The anus; 
 the buttocks. 2. Next in succession. A.- 
 action, the negative variation in an electric 
 current continuing for a short time in a 
 tetanized muscle. A. -birth, the popular des- 
 ignation of the placenta, cord, and mem- 
 branes. A. -brain. See Hind-brain and Met- 
 encephalon. A. -cataract, an opacity of the 
 media of the eye after operation for cataract; 
 due to opacification of the capsule or to non- 
 absorption of the remains of the lens-substance. 
 Syn., Cataracta secundaria. A. -gilding, a 
 term designating the process of treating nerve- 
 tissues with salts of gold after fixation and 
 hardening. A. -hearing, a condition in which 
 sounds are heard after the wave-motion that 
 produces them has ceased. A. -images, con- 
 tinued retinal impressions after the stimulus 
 of the light or image has ceased to act. A 
 positive after-image is a simple prolongation 
 of the sensation; a negative after-image is 
 the appearance of the image in complemen- 
 tary colors. A. -pain. See Pain. A.- 
 perception, the perception of a sensation 
 after the stimulus has passed away. A.- 
 production, a newgrowth; neoplasm. A.- 
 sensation, a sensation lasting longer than 
 the stimulus producing it. A. -sound, an 
 auditory sensation or impression remaining 
 after the causative vibrations have ceased. 
 A. -taste, a gustatory sensation produced 
 some time after the stimulus has been re- 
 moved. 
 
 Agalactia {ah-gal-ak' -te-ali) [a, priv.; yaXa, 
 milk]. Failure of secretion of the milk after 
 childbirth. 
 
 Agar, Agar-agar {a'-gar) [Ceylon]. A kind of 
 glue made from certain seaweeds, such as 
 Gracilaria lichenoides and Gigartina speciosa, 
 used in medicine to make suppositories, and 
 in bacteriologic studies in the preparation of 
 culture-mediums. 
 
 Agaric (ag-ar f -ik). Touchwood; spunk; tin- 
 der; the product of different species of Boletus, 
 a genus of mushrooms. Boletus laricis, Poly- 
 porus officinalis — is the white or purging 
 agaric. Agaric or agaricinic acid, in doses 
 of yV~i g r - (0.004-0.02 Gm.), is also useful 
 in night-sweats. Dose of the extract 3-6 gr. 
 (0.19-0.38 Gm.); of the tincture 3-20 min. 
 4 
 
 (0.18-1.2 Cc). Agaricus chirurgorum, Bole- 
 tus chirurgorum, surgeon's agaric, a parasitic 
 fungus formerly used for moxa. Soaked in 
 solution of potassium nitrate it forms spunk. 
 Agaricus muscarius, fly agaric, poisonous 
 mushroom, contains an alkaloid, muscarin. 
 Dose of the alkaloid 5-2 gr. (0.008-0.13 Gm.). 
 Muscarin nitrate is used hypodermatically. 
 Dose xV~4 g r - (0.006-0.048 Gm.). 
 
 Agaricin (ag-ar' -is-in) [see Agaricus]. 1. C 16 - 
 H 30 O 5 -|-H 2 O. A white, crystalline substance, 
 the active principle of Agaricus albus. It 
 has proved useful in the night-sweats of pul- 
 monary tuberculosis. Dose 2V - To g r - (°-°°3~ 
 0.006 Gm.). Unof. 2. An alkaloid iden- 
 tical with amanitin. 
 
 Agaricus (ag-ar'-ik-us) \ayapCKov, of Diosco- 
 rides, from Agaria, a former district of Po- 
 land or Sarmatia, whence the Greeks de- 
 rived the larch agaric]. A large genus of 
 hymenomycetous fungi; mushrooms and 
 toadstools. Cf. Polyporus amanita. A. 
 chirurgorum. See under Agaric. A. rubra, 
 A. sanguinea, these species, indigenous to 
 France, were formerly included under A. 
 rubra. They yield the alkaloid agarythrin, 
 and the rose-red coloring-matter ruberin. 
 
 Agarythrin (ag-ar' -ith-rin). A yellowish-white 
 alkaloid extracted by ether from Agaricus 
 rubra and A. sanguinea. It has a bitter 
 taste and leaves a burning sensation in the 
 mouth. 
 
 Agaster (ah-gas'-ter) [a, priv.; yaarr'jp, the 
 stomach]. One without a stomach. 
 
 Agastric (ah-gas' -trik) [see Agaster]. Without 
 an intestinal canal, as the tape-worms. 
 
 Agathin (ag'-ath-in) \ayadbc, good], C 6 H 4 - 
 (OH).CH.N.N.(CH,).C 6 H 5 . A greenish-white, 
 crystalline substance, obtained by the inter- 
 action of salicylic aldehyd and a-methyl- 
 phenylhydrazin. It is used as an antineuralgic 
 in doses of 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.) 2 or 3 times 
 daily. Its action is cumulative. Unof. 
 
 Agave (a-ga'-ve) [dyaurj, noble]. A large genus 
 of amaryllidaceous plants, natives of North 
 America. A. americana, American aloe, the 
 leaves of a plant growing in North America. 
 It is diuretic and antisyphilitic. Dose of 
 the fluidextract £-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). The 
 fresh juice is also similarly employed. The 
 fermented juice, called pulque, is a moderately 
 stimulant drink, very popular in Mexico. 
 Unof. 
 
 Agenesia, Agenesis {ah-jen-e 1 '-se-ah, ah-jen'- 
 es-is) [a, priv. ; yiveotf, generation] . Imperfect 
 development. 
 
 Agenosomus (ah-jen-o-so'-mus) [a, priv.; yev- 
 vdv, to beget; ocop.a, body]. A variety of 
 single autositic monsters, of the species 
 Celosoma, in which there is a lateral or me- 
 dian eventration occupying principally the 
 lower portion of the abdomen, while the 
 genital and urinary organs are either absent 
 or very rudimentary. 
 
 Ageusia, Ageustia (ah-gu' '-se-ah, ah-goost'- 
 e-ah) [a, priv.; ytbocc, taste]. Abolition of 
 the sense of taste. A., Central, that due to 
 
AGGLOMERATE 
 
 34 
 
 AGUE 
 
 lesion of the cerebral centers of the gustatory 
 nerves. A., Conduction, that due to lesion 
 in the nerves between their origin and distri- 
 bution. A., Peripheral, that due to disorder 
 of the ends of the nerves of taste. 
 
 Agglomerate (ag-lom'-er-dt) [agglomerare, to 
 wind into a ball]. Grouped or clustered. 
 
 Agglutinant (ag-lu' -tin-ant) . See Agglutina- 
 tive. 
 
 Agglutinate (ag-lu' -tin-at) [see Agglutinant]. 
 To glue together; to unite by adhesion. 
 
 Agglutinatio (ag-lu-tin-a'-she-o) . Agglutina- 
 tion. A. maxillae inferioris, trismus. A. 
 pilorum, the replacement of ingrowing eye- 
 lashes by means of viscous matter on a 
 probe. 
 
 Agglutination (ag-lu-tin-a' -shun) [agglutinate, 
 to paste to], i. A joining together. 2. A co- 
 ulative phenomenon accompanying hemo- 
 lysis or bacteriolysis, thought by Gruber to 
 be due to some deleterious effect on the 
 membrane of the bacteria or blood-corpuscles 
 which makes it sticky. 
 
 Agglutinative (ag-lu' '-tin-a-tiv) [see Aggluti- 
 nation]. 1. Favoring agglutination; adhesive. 
 2. Any substance with adhesive properties, 
 fitted to retain the edges of wounds in apposi- 
 tion. 3. A remedy promoting the repair of 
 wounds by favoring nutrition. 
 
 Agglutinin (ag-lu' -tin-in) [see A gglutination]. A 
 specific principle occurring in the blood-serum 
 of an animal affected with a disease of mi- 
 crobic origin and capable of causing the clump- 
 ing of the bacteria peculiar to that disease, as 
 exemplified in the Widal reaction. It was first 
 described by Gruber and Durham in 1896. 
 
 Agglutitio (ag-lu-tish'-e-o) [ad, against; glutire, 
 to swallow]. Difficult deglutition; an ob- 
 struction to swallowing. 
 
 Aggregate (ag' -re-gat) [ad, to; gregare, to col- 
 lect into a flock]. Grouped into a mass. 
 
 Aggressin (ag-res'-in) [aggressio, an attack]. 
 A hypothetic bacterial product which inhibits 
 the protective action of phagocytes, largely 
 by preventing their migration. 
 
 Aglobulia (ah-glo-bu' -le-ah) [a, priv.; globulus, 
 a globule]. A decrease in the quantity of 
 red blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Aglossia (ah-glos'-e-ah) [a, priv.; yXcoaaa, the 
 tongue]. 1. Absence of the tongue. 2. 
 Dumbness; senile impairment of speech. 
 
 Aglossostomia (ah-glos-o-sto' -me-ah) [a, priv.; 
 jXcbooa, the tongue; aropta, mouth]. The 
 condition of a mouth without a tongue. 
 
 Aglossus (ah-glos'-us) [see Aglossia]. A person 
 without a tongue. 
 
 Agmatology (ag-mat-ol'-o-je) [ay /16c, a frac- 
 ture; Xoyoc, a, discourse] . The science or study 
 of fractures. 
 
 Agminate (ag'-min-dt) [agmen, a, multitude]. 
 Aggregated; clustered. A. Glands. See 
 Gland, Peyer's. 
 
 Agnail (ag'-nal) [AS., angncegl]. 1. Hangnail. 
 2. A whitlow. 3. A corn. 
 
 Agnathia (ah-gna'-the-ah) [a, priv.; yvhdog, a 
 jaw]. Absence or defective development of 
 the jaws, 
 
 Agnin (ag'-nin) [agnus, a lamb]. A fatty sub- 
 stance derived from sheep's wool. 
 
 Agnosia (ah-gno' -se-ah) [a, priv.; yvcboacg, a 
 recognizing]. Loss of the perceptive faculty 
 which gives recognition of persons and things. 
 
 Agomphious (ah-gom'-fe-us) [a, priv.; yoiufrcoc, 
 a tooth]. Without teeth. 
 
 Agomphosis (ah-gom-Jo' -sis) [see Agomphious]. 
 1. Absence of the teeth. 2. A loosening of 
 the teeth. 
 
 Agonal (ag'-on-al) [dyoyvia, a struggle]. Strug 
 gling; relating to the death-struggle. 
 
 Agony (ag'-o-ne) [see Agonal]. Violent pain; 
 extreme anguish; the death-struggle. 
 
 Agoraphobia (ag-o-ra-Jo' -be-ah) [dyopd, a mar- 
 ket-place, assembly; 4>b[log, fear]. A morbid 
 fear of open places or spaces. 
 
 Agostini's Reaction for Glucose. To 5 drops 
 of the urine add 5 drops of 0.5 % solution 
 of gold chlorid and 3 drops of 20 % potassa 
 solution, and heat gently. In the presence 
 of glucose a red color will be produced. 
 
 Agrammatism (ah-gram' -at-izm) [a, priv.; 
 ypdp.ua, a word]. A phenomenon of aphasia, 
 consisting in the inability to form words gram- 
 matically, or the suppression of certain words 
 of a phrase; a form of aphasia. 
 
 Agraphia (ah-gra' -fe-ah) [a, priv.; ypdfyecv, to 
 write]. Inability to express ideas by writing. 
 A., Absolute, a variety in which no letters 
 can be formed. Syn., Literal agraphia. A., 
 Acoustic, loss of capacity to write from 
 dictation. A. amnemonica, a form in which 
 letters can be written, but without convey- 
 ing any meaning. A. atactica, that form in 
 which letters cannot be formed from lack 
 of muscular coordination. A., Literal, A. 
 literalis. See A., Absolute. A., Optic, in- 
 ability to copy writing, but ability to write 
 from dictation. A., Verbal, a variety in 
 which a number of words without meaning 
 can be written. Cf. Paragraphia. 
 
 Agraphic (ah-gra'-fik) [see Agraphia]. Affected 
 with agraphia. 
 
 Agria (ag'-re-ah) [aypioc, wild]. A pustular 
 eruption; malignant pustule; herpes. 
 
 Agrimony (ag'-rim-o-ne) [dypbf, a field; pibvof, 
 alone]. The root of Agrimonia eupatoria, a 
 mild astringent. Dose of fluidextract \-2 
 dr. (2-8 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Agriothymia (ag-re-o-thi' -me-ah) [aypcog, wild; 
 do p.6c, mind; will]. Maniacal fury. 
 
 Agrippa (ag-rip'-ah) [L.]. One born with the 
 feet foremost. 
 
 Agromania (ag-ro-ma'-ne-ah) [dypbg, a field; 
 fiavca, madness], A mania for living in the 
 country. 
 
 Agron [East Indian]. A disease which occurs 
 in India, marked by roughening of the ton- 
 gue, with fissures. 
 
 Agrypnia (ah-grip' -ne-ah) [d, priv.; unvog, 
 sleep]. Loss of sleep; insomnia. 
 
 Agrypnotic (ah-grip -not' -ik) [see Agrypnia]. 
 1. Preventing sleep. 2. A medicine that 
 prevents sleep. 
 
 Ague (a'-gu) [acutus, sharp; acute; Fr., aigu]. 
 Malarial or intermittent fever; characterized 
 
AGURIN 
 
 35 
 
 AIR-BREAK WHEEL 
 
 by paroxysms consisting of chill, fever, and 
 sweating, at regularly recurring times, and 
 followed by an interval or intermission the 
 length of which determines the epithets 
 quotidian, tertian, etc. In some cases there 
 is a double paroxysm, and hence these are 
 called double quotidian, double tertian, etc. 
 The duration of each paroxysm varies from 
 2 to 12 hours. Syn., Fever and ague; In- 
 termittent lever; Periodic lever; . Malarial 
 fever; Marsh fever; Paludal fever; Mias- 
 matic fever. A., Aden. See Dengue. A., 
 Brass-founders', a disease common among 
 brass-founders, characterized by symptoms 
 somewhat resembling an imperfect attack 
 of intermittent fever, the recurrence of the 
 paroxysms, however, being irregular. The 
 direct cause is generally thought to be the 
 inhalation of the fumes of deflagrating zinc 
 or "spelter." A., Brow-, intermittent neu- 
 ralgia of the brow. A.-cake, chronic en- 
 largement of the spleen in diseases of malarial 
 origin. A., Catenating, ague associated with 
 other diseases. A. -drop. See Fowler's Solu- 
 tion. A., Dumb, ague without well-marked 
 chill, and w'th at most only partial or 
 slight periodicity. Syn., Dead ague; Irreg- 
 ular ague; Latent ague; Masked ague. A., 
 Face, tic douloureux. A., Partial, ague 
 attended with pain which is limited to 
 some part or organ. A.-tree, common 
 sassafras. A.-weed. i. See Gentiana. 2. 
 Eupatorium perfoliatum, or thoroughwort. 
 
 Agurin {ag'-u-rin). A compound of sodium 
 theobromate and sodium acetate; it is recom- 
 mended as a diuretic in doses of 24 gr. (1.5 
 Gin.). 
 
 Ahlfeld's Sign. Irregular tetanic contractions 
 affecting localized areas of the uterus, ob- 
 served after the third month of pregnancy. 
 
 Ail (dl) [ME., eyle]. 1. To be out of health. 
 2. A slight indisposition. 3. Garlic. A., 
 Wetherbee, a popular name for progressive 
 muscular atrophy, from the fact that sev- 
 eral successive generations of a Massachu- 
 setts family of that name were affected with 
 the disease. 
 
 Ailanthus {a-el-an'-thus). See Ailantus. 
 
 Ailantus {a-el-an' -tus) [Malacca, ailanto, "tree 
 of heaven"]. The bark of A. glandulosa, 
 commonly known as "tree of heaven." Its 
 properties are due to an oleoresin and a 
 volatile oil. It is a nauseant and drastic 
 purgative and an excellent anthelmintic 
 against tape-worm. Dose of fluidextract 
 10 min.-i dr. (0.6-4.0 Cc); of tincture 
 10 min.-2 dr. (0.6-8.0 Cc). 
 
 Ailment [aV-ment) [ME., eyle]. A disease ; 
 sickness; complaint. 
 
 Ailurophobia (a-lu-ro-fo'-be-ah) [aUoupoc, a 
 cat; 0o/?of, fear]. A morbid fear of cats. 
 
 Ainhum (in'-hum) [negro word, meaning to 
 saw]. A disease of Guinea and Hindustan, 
 peculiar to negroes, in which the little toes 
 are slowly and spontaneously amputated at 
 about the digitoplantar fold. The process is 
 very slow, is unaccompanied by any constitu- 
 
 tional symptoms, and its cause is unknown. 
 It sometimes attacks the great toe. 
 
 Aiodin {ah-i' -o-din) . A preparation of the 
 thyroid gland and tannin. It is a tasteless 
 powder, of which each gram is said to repre- 
 sent 10 Gm. of the fresh glands and to con- 
 tain 0.4 % of iodin. It is used in myxedema. 
 
 Air [drjp, from aecv, to blow or breathe]. The 
 atmosphere. Atmospheric air consists of a 
 mixture of 77 parts by weight, or 79.19 by 
 volume, of nitrogen, and 23 parts by weight, 
 or 20.81 by volume, of oxygen, with 3.7 to 
 6.2 parts by volume of CO z in 10,000 parts. 
 It also contains traces of ammonia, argon, 
 nitrites, and organic matter. By virtue of 
 its oxygen it is able to sustain respiration. 
 One hundred cubic inches weigh 30,935 grains. 
 The pressure of the air at sea-level is about 
 14! pounds upon the square inch. A., Alka- 
 line, free or volatile ammonia. A., Azotic, 
 nitrogen. A. -bag. See A. -cushion. A.- 
 bath, therapeutic exposure to air, which may 
 be heated, condensed, or variously medicated. 
 A. -bed, an air-tight rubber mattress, inflated 
 with air, employed in conditions requiring 
 prolonged confinement to bed. A. -bladder. 
 See A.-vesicles. A. -cell, an air-sac; an air- 
 vesicle of the lung. A., Complemental, 
 the amount of air that can still be inhaled 
 after an ordinary inspiration. A. Conduc- 
 tion, a method of testing the hearing-power 
 by means of a watch held at varying distances 
 from the ear, or by the employment of a 
 number of tuning-forks of varying pitch. A.- 
 cure, the therapeutic employment of air. A.- 
 cushion, a cushion filled with air, and usually 
 made of soft india-rubber. A., Dephlogisti- 
 cated, an old name for oxygen. A. -douche, 
 the inflation of the middle ear through the 
 nose. A. -embolism, the entrance of free 
 air into the blood-vessels during life. A., 
 Expired, that driven from the lungs in ex- 
 piration. A., Factitious, carbon dioxid. 
 A., Fixed, an old name for carbon dioxid. 
 A., Hepatic, hydrogen sulfid. A., Inspired, 
 that taken into the lungs on inspiration. 
 A., Mephitic, carbon dioxid. A. -passages, 
 the nares, mouth, larynx, trachea, and bron- 
 chial tubes. A.-pump, an apparatus for ex- 
 hausting or compressing air. A., Reserve, 
 A., Supplemental, the air that can still be 
 exhaled after an ordinary expiration. A., 
 Residual, that remaining in the lungs after 
 the most complete expiration possible. A.- 
 sac. See A.-vesicles. A., Solid, of Hales, 
 carbon dioxid; so called because of its 
 property of forming solid carbonates with 
 metallic oxids. A., Stationary, that remain- 
 ing in the lungs during normal respiration. 
 A., Supplemental'. See A., Reserve. A.- 
 tester, an instrument for testing the purity of 
 the air. A. , Tidal, that taken in and given out 
 at each respiration. A.-vesicles, the alveoli 
 of the lung, the ultimate division of the air- 
 passages. A., Vital, an old name for oxygen. 
 
 Air-break Wheel, Air-breaking Wheel. An 
 arrangement by means of which the sparks 
 
AKANTHION 
 
 36 
 
 ALBICANS 
 
 may be promptly extinguished when using 
 a no-volt continuous current to excite a 
 coil; the spark formed at the contact-brushes 
 when the coil is energized is blown out in- 
 stantaneously by the air-blast. 
 
 Akanthion (a-kan'-the-on). See Acanthion. 
 
 Akatamathesia {ah-kat-am-ath-e' -ze-ah) [d, 
 priv.; Kazafxad-qacc, understanding]. Inabil- 
 ity to understand. 
 
 Akathisia {ah-kath-e' -ze-ah) [a, priv.; Kad'c^cv, 
 to be seated]. A name given by Lad Has- 
 kovec to a form of rhythmic chorea in which 
 the patient is unable to remain seated; the 
 affection resembles astasia-abasia. 
 
 Akinesia, Akinesis {ah-k'n-e'-se-ah, ah-kin-e'- 
 sis) [a, priv.; Kivqocc;, motion]. Lack of or 
 imperfect motion; motor paralysis. A. al- 
 gera, an affection characterized by abstinence 
 from voluntary movement on account of pain, 
 which any active muscular effort causes. The 
 condition is probably a form of neurasthenia. 
 A., Crossed, a motor paralysis on the side 
 opposite that in which the lesion exists. A., 
 Reflex, impairment or loss of reflex action. 
 
 Akinetic {ah-ki-nef -ik) [akinesia]. Relating to 
 or affected with akinesia. 
 
 Akouphone (ah'-koo-fon). See Aconphone. 
 
 Akromegaly, Akromegalia (ak-ro-meg' -a-le, 
 ak-ro-me-ga' -le-aK) [aKpov, extremity; jxsjalr), 
 large]. A disease characterized by an over- 
 growth of the extremities and of the face, 
 including the bony as well as the soft parts. 
 The etiology is unknown. In a number of 
 cases the pituitary body has been enlarged; 
 disease of the thyroid gland has also been 
 found in some instances. 
 
 Al. i. The Arabic definite article the, pre- 
 fixed to many words to designate preemi- 
 nence, etc., as alkali, alcohol. 2. A chemic 
 suffix denoting similarity to or derivation 
 from an aldehyd, as chlora/, butyra/, etc. 3. 
 The symbol for aluminium. 
 
 Ala {a'-lah) [L., "a wing"]. 1. A wing. 2. The 
 arm or shoulder; in animals, the shoulder- 
 blade. A. alba lateralis, the nucleus of the 
 glossopharyngeal nerve. A. alba medialis, 
 the hypoglossal nucleus. A. auris, the pinna 
 of the ear. A. cinerea, a triangular space 
 of gray matter in the fourth ventricle of the 
 brain, probably giving origin to the pneumo- 
 gastric nerves. A. descendens, the pterygoid 
 process of the sphenoid bone. Alae later- 
 ales. 1. The great wings of the sphenoid 
 bone. 2. Wing -like processes on each side 
 of the nasal spine of the frontal bone. Alas 
 majores. 1. The greater wings of the sphe- 
 noid. 2. The external labia pudendi. Alae 
 minores. 1. The lesser wings of the sphe- 
 noid. 2. The labia minora pudendi. A. 
 nasi, the lateral cartilage of the nose. Alae 
 parvae, the lesser wings of the sphenoid. A. 
 pontis. See Ponticulus. Alae pulmonum, 
 the lobes of the lung. A. of Sacrum, the 
 flat, triangular surface of bone extending out- 
 ward from the base of the sacrum, support- 
 ing the psoas magnus muscle. A. uvulae, 
 a medullary layer running from the posterior 
 
 part of the uvula of the cerebellum to the 
 amygdalas. A. vespertilionis, the broad 
 ligament of the uterus. Alae vulvae, the labia 
 of the pudendum. 
 
 Alalia {al-a' -le-ah) [a, priv.; XaXca, talk]. Im- 
 pairment of articulation from paralysis of 
 the muscles of speech or from local laryn- 
 geal disease. A., Mental, a form observed in 
 children, which consists in inability to speak 
 through excessive stammering. Cf. Dys- 
 lalia, Lalophobia, Mogilalia, Paralalia. A., 
 Relative. Same as A., Mental. 
 
 Alangin, Alanginum {al-an'-jin, -urn). An 
 amorphous principle from Alangium lamarkii, 
 soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in chloro- 
 form; it is used as a febrifuge and emetic. 
 
 Alanin (al' -an- in) [L., aldehyd], C 3 H 7 N0 2 . 
 Lactamic acid. An organic base obtained by 
 heating aldehyd ammonia with hydrocyanic 
 acid in the presence of an excess of HO. 
 It occurs in aggregated hard nodules with a 
 sweetish taste. It is soluble in 5 parts of cold 
 water; less soluble in alcohol; insoluble in 
 ether. 
 
 Alantic {al-an'-tik) [Ger., Alant, elecampane]. 
 Pertaining to or derived from elecampane. 
 A. Anhydrid, C 15 H 20 O 2 , a crystalline sub- 
 stance derived from the root of elecampane, 
 melting at 66° C. 
 
 Alantin {al-an' -tin) . Same as Inulin. 
 
 Alantol {al-an' -tol), C 20 H 22 O. Inulol. An 
 aromatic liquid obtained from elecampane; 
 used in the same manner as creasote in pul- 
 monary tuberculosis. 
 
 Alar ia'-lar) [ala, a wing]. Wing-like. A. 
 Ligaments, lateral synovial folds of the lig- 
 ament of the knee-joint. A. Ligaments, 
 Odontoid, lateral ligaments of the odontoid 
 process. 
 
 Alares [pi. of alaris]. 1. The pterygoid mus- 
 cles. 2. The wings of the sphenoid. 
 
 Alaris {al-a'-ris) [ala, a wing]. Wing-shaped. 
 See Alar. 
 
 Alate {a'-lat) [ala]. Winged. 
 
 Alatus {al-a' -ties). 1. Winged. 2. An indi- 
 vidual in whom there is a marked back- 
 ward projection of the scapulas. 
 
 Albaras, Albarras [Ar.]. A skin disease char- 
 acterized by the formation of white, shin- 
 ing patches. Syn., White leprosy; Baras; 
 B a.rras. 
 
 Albargin {al-bar' -jin) . A compound of silver 
 (15 %) and gelatose (a transformation-product 
 of glue). A yellow powder, freely soluble in 
 water, used in treatment of gonorrhea in injec- 
 tions of 0.2 % solution 4 or 5 times daily. 
 
 Albedo {al-be'-do) [L., "whiteness"]. White- 
 ness. A. retinae, retinal edema. A. unguis, 
 the lunula of the nail. 
 
 Albert's Disease. Achillodynia; inflammation 
 of the retrocalcanean bursa, generally secon- 
 dary to osteitis of the os calcis. 
 
 Albescent {al-bes'-ent) [albescere, to become 
 white]. Whitish. 
 
 Albicans {al' -be-kanz) [albicare, to grow white]. 
 
 1. One of the corpora albicantia of the brain. 
 
 2. White; whitish. 
 
ALBICANTIA 
 
 37 
 
 ALBUMINOSE 
 
 Albicantia (al-be-kan' 'she-ah) [L.]. Plural of 
 Albicans (i). 
 
 Albini's Nodules. Small nodules found on the 
 free edge of the auriculoventricular valves in 
 some infants. 
 
 Albinism, Albinismus (al'-bin-izm, al-bin-iz'- 
 mus) [a lb us, white]. That condition of the 
 skin in which there is a congenital absence 
 of pigment involving its entire surface, in- 
 cluding the hair and the choroid coats and 
 irises of the eyes. It is usually associated 
 with nystagmus, photophobia, and astigma- 
 tism. Syn., Alphosis; Congenital achroma; 
 Congenital leukoderma; Leukcethiopia; Achro- 
 matosis; Leukopathia; Albitudo. A., Ac- 
 quired, A. acquisita. See Vitiligo. A., 
 Partial, congenital absence of pigmentation 
 in certain parts of the skin, appearing in 
 irregular, white, sharply defined spots. Espe- 
 cially characteristic are the changes of color 
 in the hair, often observed in negroes. The 
 hairs are white and grow upon skin devoid 
 of pigment, or normally colored. Syn., Po- 
 liosis circumscripta. 
 
 Albino (al-bi'-no) [Sp.]. A person affected with 
 albinism. 
 
 Albino tic (al-bin-ot'-ik). Affected with albinism. 
 
 Alboferrin (al-bo-fer'-in). An odorless, light- 
 brown powder, readily soluble in cold water. 
 It is said to consist of albumin, 90.14%; 
 iron, 0.68%; phosphorus, 0.324%; amido- 
 nitrogen, 0.13%; and mineral substances, 
 9.5 %. It is indicated in chlorosis, anemia, 
 etc. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) for children; 
 45 - 75 g r - (3 _ 5 Gm.) for adults, a day. 
 
 Albolene (al'-bo-len) [albus, white; oleum, oil]. 
 A hydrocarbon oil, colorless, tasteless, odor- 
 less, used as an application to inflamed sur- 
 faces. 
 
 Albor (al'-bor) [albus]. 1. A whiteness. 2. Egg- 
 albumen. 3. [Ar., al bill.] Urine. A. cutis, 
 A. nativus, albinism. A. ovi, white of 
 egg- 
 
 Albuginea (al-bu-jin'-e-ah) [albus]. 1. White 
 or whitish. 2. A layer of white fibrous tissue 
 investing an organ or part. Syn., Tunica 
 albuginea. A. oculi, the sclerotic coat of 
 the eye. A. ovarii, the tunica albuginea of 
 the ovary. A. testis, the tunica albuginea 
 of the testicle. 
 
 Albugineous (al-bu-jin'-e-us). Whitish. 
 
 Albukalin (al-bu' -kal-in) , C 8 H 17 N 2 6 . A sub- 
 stance found in leukemic blood. 
 
 Albumen (al-bu' -men) [albus]. The white of 
 an egg. See Albumin. 
 
 Albumimeter (al-bu-mim' -et-er) [albumin; fiir- 
 pov, a measure]. An instrument for the quan- 
 titative estimation of albumin in urine. 
 
 Albumin (al-bu'-min) [albus, white]. A pro- 
 teid substance, the chief constituent of the 
 animal tissues. Its molecule is highly com- 
 plex. It is soluble in water and coagulable 
 by heat. It contains the following elements: 
 Carbon, 51.5 to 54.5; hydrogen, 6.9 to 7.3; 
 nitrogen, 15.2 to 17.0; oxygen, 20.9 to 23.5; 
 sulfur, 0.3 to 2.0. Its approximate formula 
 is C 72 H 112 H 18 22 S. Albumen, white of egg, 
 
 often called albumin, is largely composed 
 of it. Other varieties are called after their 
 sources or characteristic reactions, as acid- 
 albumin, alkali-albumin, muscle-albumin, 
 serum-albumin, ovum-albumin, vegetable- 
 albumin, etc. Syn., Coagidable animal 
 lymph; Coagulable lymph of the serum. 
 See Axenfeld, Barral, Boedeker, Cohen, 
 Furbringer, Heller, Heynsius, Hindenlang, 
 Johnson, MacWilliam, Mehu, Millon, Oliver, 
 Oxyphenylsulfonic Acid, Parnum, Raabe, 
 Rees, Roberts, Spiegler, Tanret, Zouchlos. 
 A., Blood-. See Serum-albumin. A., 
 Caseiform, that variety not coagulated by 
 heat, but precipitated by acids. A., Cir- 
 culating, that found in the fluids of 
 the body. A., Derived, a modification of 
 albumin resulting from the action of cer- 
 tain chemicals upon native albumin. A., 
 Imperfect, one which fails to give all the 
 ordinary reactions. A., Lacto-. See Lactal- 
 bumin. A., Muscle-, a variety found in 
 muscle-juice. A., Native, any albumin oc- 
 curring normally in the tissues. A., Organic, 
 that forming an integral part of the tissue. 
 A., Serum-. See Serum -albumin. A., 
 Vegetable, that found in various vegetable 
 juices. 
 Albuminate (al-bu' -min-dt). A compound of 
 albumin and certain bases, as albuminate 
 of iron. 
 Albuminid (al-bu' -min-id) . Acidalbumin; syn- 
 
 tonin. 
 Albuminif erous (al-bu-min-if '-er-us) [albumin ; 
 jerre, to bear]. Yielding albumin. 
 
 Albumimm.eter(al-bu-min-im' -et-er). 
 
 See Albumimeter. 
 Albuminimetry (al-bu-min-im'-et-re). 
 The quantitative estimation of the 
 albumin in a liquid. 
 Album inofibrin (al-bu-min-o-p - 
 brin). A compound of albumin and 
 fibrin. 
 Albuminogenous (al-bu-min-oj' -en- 
 us) [albumin; yzwav, to produce]. 
 Producing albumin. 
 Albuminoid " {al-bu' -min-oid) [albu- 
 min; ddoc, likeness]. 1. Resemb- 
 ling albumin. Applied to certain 
 compounds having many of the 
 characteristics of albumin. 2. Any 
 nitrogenous principle of the class 
 of which normal albumin may be 
 J_j regarded as the type. A. Disease. 
 
 See Amyloid Degeneration. 
 Albuminometer (al - bu - min-om' -et- 
 er). See Albumimeter. 
 Albuminone (al-bu' '-min-on) [albumin]. A 
 principle derived from certain albuminoids; 
 it is soluble in alcohol and is not coagulable 
 by heat. 
 Albuminorrhea (al-bu-min-or-e' -ah) [albumin; 
 po'ca, a flow]. Excessive discharge of albu- 
 mins. 
 Albuminose (al-bu'-min -os) [albumin]. 1. A 
 product of the digestion of fibrin or of any 
 albuminoid in very dilute hydrochloric acid; 
 
 Albumi- 
 meter. 
 
ALBUMINOUS 
 
 ALCOHOL 
 
 acidalbumin. 2. Albumose, or one of the 
 products of the digestion of albumin by the 
 gastric juice. 
 
 Albuminous {al-bu' -min-us) [albumin]. Con- 
 taining, or of the nature of, albumin. 
 
 Albuminuria {al-bu-min-u' -re-ah) [albumin; 
 oupov, urine]. The presence in the urine of 
 albumin, usually serum-albumin. Albumin 
 in the urine may result from disease of the 
 kidneys or from the admixture of blood or 
 pus with the urine. Its presence is some- 
 times not accounted for by either of these 
 causes. See A., Cyclic. A. acetonica, albu- 
 minuria due to asphyx a. Syn., Anoxemic 
 albuminuria. A. of Adolescence. See A., 
 Cyclic. A., Adventitious. See A., Pseudo-. 
 A., Cardiac, that due to chronic valvular 
 disease. A., Catarrhal, albuminuria due to 
 distribution of or changes in the renal epi- 
 thelium. A., Cicatricial, a form in which 
 epithelial desquamation is assumed to be re- 
 placed by tissue incapable of restraining the 
 transudation of albumin from the blood. A., 
 Colliquative, that due to great disassimila- 
 tion of the blood-corpuscles or adipose tis- 
 sue. A., Consumptive. See A., Colliqua- 
 tive. A., Cyclic, a condition, also known 
 as physiologic, simple, functional, or tran- 
 sient albuminuria, or the albuminuria of adoles- 
 cence, in which a small quantity of albumin 
 appears in the urine, especially of the young, 
 at stated times of the day; hence the term, 
 "cyclic." The nature of this phenomenon is 
 not positively known, but it is probably the 
 result of some changes in the renal circula- 
 tion. A., Dietetic, that due to the inges- 
 tion of certain forms of food. A., Dys- 
 trophic, that dependent upon imperfect for- 
 mation of the blood-corpuscles. A., Emul- 
 sion, that in which the urine has a milky 
 turbidity due to minute corpuscular elements. 
 A., Exudative, Gubler's name for albumin- 
 uria partially due to the filtration of albumin 
 through the membranes of the kidney and 
 also to the presence in the urine of products 
 of inflammation, as in cases of nephritis. A., 
 False, a mixture of albumin with the urine 
 during its transit through the urinary pass- 
 ages, where it may be derived from blood, 
 pus, or special secretions that contain albu- 
 min. A., Febrile, that due to fever, or as- 
 sociated with acute infectious diseases, slight 
 changes occurring in the glomerules without 
 organic lesion. A., Functional. See A., 
 Cyclic. A., Globular, that due to destruc- 
 tion of blood-corpuscles or dependent upon 
 the presence of blood in the urine. A., 
 Gouty, albumin in the urine of elderly per- 
 sons, who secrete a rather dense urine con- 
 taining an excess of urea. A., Intrinsic. 
 See A., True. A., Mixed, the presence of 
 a true with a pseudo-albuminuria. A., 
 Nephrogenous, that due to renal disease. 
 A., Orthostatic, a form dependent upon 
 an upright posture. A., Partial, a form in 
 which it is assumed that only certain tubules 
 are affected. Syn., Albuminuria parcellaire. 
 
 A., Physiologic, the presence of albumin in 
 normal urine, without appreciable coexisting 
 renal lesion or diseased condition of the 
 system. A., Pretuberculous, a condition 
 observed in young persons as a premonitory 
 stage of tuberculosis, believed to be due to 
 the congestive action of the tuberculous virus 
 upon the renal structure. A., Pseudo-, al- 
 buminuria dependent upon the presence of 
 such fluids as blood, pus, lymph, spermatic 
 fluid, or the contents of an abscess cavity, 
 in the urine. Syn., Adventitious albuminuria. 
 A., Residual, a form in which a small 
 amount of albumin may persist following an 
 attack of nephritis. A., True, that due to 
 the excretion of a portion of the albuminous 
 constituents of the blood with the water and 
 salts of the urine. Syn., Intrinsic albuminuria. 
 
 Albuminuric {al-bu-min-u' -rik) [see Albumin- 
 uria]. Associated with, of the nature of, 
 or affected by, albuminuria. 
 
 Albumoscope {al-bu' -mo-skdp) [albumin; oko- 
 7ze~cv, to examine]. An appliance for de- 
 termining the presence and amount of al- 
 bumin in urine. 
 
 Albumose {al'-bu-mos) [albumin]. Any albu- 
 minoid substance ranking among the first 
 products of the splitting-up of proteids by 
 enzyms, and intermediate between the food- 
 albumins and the typical peptones. Accord- 
 ing to Kuhne, there are at least two albu- 
 moses, antialbumose and hernia Ibumose. Hemi- 
 albumose yields the following: Protalbumose, 
 deuteroalbumose, heteroalbumose, and dysalbu- 
 mose. 
 
 Albumosuria ial-bu-mos-u' -re-dK) [albumose; 
 oupov, urine]. The presence of albumose 
 in the urine. A., Bence-Jones'. See A., 
 Myelopathic. A., Myelopathic, a condition 
 marked by persistent occurrence of albumose 
 in the urine, accompanied by softening of 
 the bones, owing to multiple myelomas. 
 
 Alcarnose {al-kar'-noz). A nutrient prepara- 
 tion containing maltose combined with al- 
 bumoses. 
 
 Alchemy {al'-kem-e) [Ar., of doubtful deri- 
 vation]. The supposed art of the transmu- 
 tation of metals (into gold) and of finding 
 a remedy for all diseases. 
 
 Alcock's Canal. A canal formed by the sepa- 
 ration of the layers of the obturator fascia 
 for the transmission of the pudic nerve and 
 vessels. 
 
 Alcogel (al'-ko-jet). A jelly-like combination of 
 alcohol and silicic acid. 
 
 Alcohol {al'-ko-hol) [Ar., al-koh'l, the fine 
 powder for staining eyelids]. 1. Any com- 
 pound of "an organic hydrocarbon radicle 
 with hydroxyl. Alcohols are classed as 
 monacid (monatomic), diacid (diatomic), and 
 triacid (triatomic), according to the number 
 of hydroxyl radicles present in the mole- 
 cules. 2. Ethyl-alcohol, C 2 H e O. A liquid 
 obtained by the distillation of fermented 
 grain or starchy substance. It is inflamma- 
 ble, colorless, and possesses a pungent odor 
 and burning taste. Internally, it is a cerebral 
 
ALCOHOLATE 
 
 39 
 
 ALDEHYD 
 
 excitant and cardiac stimulant; in large doses 
 a depressant, narcotic poison, producing mus- 
 cular incoordination, delirium, and coma. It 
 exists in wine, whisky, brandy, beer, etc., 
 and gives to them their stimulant properties. 
 Commercial alcohol contains 92.3 % of abso- 
 lute alcohol with 7.7 % of water. It is valua- 
 ble as a cardiac stimulant in acute failure 
 of the heart's action and in adynamic con- 
 ditions. A., Absolute {alcohol absolutum, U. 
 S. P.), ethyl-alcohol deprived of water. A., 
 Benzyl, CyH^O, obtained from benzaldehyd by 
 the action of sodium amalgam. A., Caustic, 
 sodium ethylate. A., Chlor ethyl, C 2 H 5 OCl, 
 a substitution-product of ethyl-alcohol in 
 which 1 atom of hydrogen is replaced 
 by r atom of chlorin. A., Cinnamic, 
 A., Cinnamyl, A., Cinnamylic, C 3 H 10 O, 
 yellowish needles or crystalline masses ob- 
 tained from the distillation of styracin. It 
 is soluble in alcohol, ether, water, glycerol, 
 and benzin; melts at S° ~33° C.; boils at 
 250 C. It is antiseptic and is a deodorizer 
 in a 12.5 % glycerol solution. Syn., Styrilic 
 alcohol; Crystallized styrone. A. deodora- 
 tum, ethyl-alcohol from which odorous and 
 coloring-matters have been removed by fil- 
 tration through charcoal. A., Dilute {alcohol 
 dilution, U. S. P.) contains 41.5 %, bv weight, of 
 alcohol. A., Ethyl-. See Alcohol (2). A., 
 Fatty, one obtained from a hydrocarbon of the 
 fatty series. A., Iso-, an alcohol derived from 
 a hydrocarbon containing carbon atoms 
 which unite directly with more than two 
 other carbon atoms. A., Methyl-, CH 4 0, 
 commonly known as " wood spirit." A., 
 Phenic. Same as Phenol. A., Primary, 
 A., Secondary, A., Tertiary, an alco- 
 hol produced by. the replacement of r, 2, 
 or 3 hydrogen atoms in carbinol by alky Is. 
 A., Unsaturated, that derived from the un- 
 saturated alkylens in the same manner as 
 the normal alcohols are obtained from their 
 hydrocarbons. In addition to the general 
 character of alcohols, they are also capable 
 of directlv binding two additional affinities. 
 A., Wood-. See A., Methyl-. 
 
 Alcoholate {al' -ko-hol-at) . 1. A chemic com- 
 pound, as a salt, into which an alcohol enters 
 as a definite constituent. 2. A preparation 
 made with alcohol. 
 
 Alcoholature {al-ko-hoV '-at-chur) [Fr., alcoola- 
 ture]. An alcoholic tincture. 
 
 Alcoholic Radicle. The name applied to the 
 hydrocarbon radicle that unites with hydro- 
 gen and oxygen to form an alcohol. 
 
 Alcoholica {al-ko-hoV -ik-ah) . In pharmacy, 
 alcoholic preparations. • 
 
 Alcoholimeter {al-ko-hol-im'-et-er). See Alco- 
 holometer. 
 
 Alcoholism {aV-ko-hol-izm). The morbid re- 
 sults of excessive or prolonged use of alcoholic 
 liquors. The term acute alcoholism has been 
 used as a synonym for inebriety. The chronic 
 form is associated with severe disturbances of 
 the digestive and nervous systems. 
 
 Alcoholization {al-ko-hol-iz-a* '-shun). The art 
 
 or process of alcoholizing; the state of being 
 alcoholized; the product of the process of 
 alcoholizing. 
 
 Alcoholize {aV -ko-hol-iz) . 1. To impregnate 
 with alcohol. 2. To convert into an alco- 
 hol. 
 
 Alcoholometer {al-ko-hol-om' '-et-er) [alcohol; 
 ftirpov, a measure]. A hydrometer or other 
 instrument used in determining the percent- 
 age of alcohol in any liquid. 
 
 Alcoholophilia {al-ko'-hol-o-fil'-e-ah) [alcohol; 
 ocXi'cv, to love]. The appetite for strong 
 drink; a craving for intoxicants. 
 
 Alcometric {al-ko-met'-rik). Relating to the 
 estimation of the amount of alcohol in a liquid. 
 
 Aldehyd {al'-de-htd) [al, the first syllable of 
 alcohol; dehyd, from dehydratus]. 1. A class 
 of compounds intermediate between alcohols 
 and acids, derived from their corresponding 
 primary alcohols by the oxidation and re- 
 moval of 2 atoms of hydrogen, and converted 
 into acids by the addition of an atom of 
 oxygen. They contain the group COH. 2. 
 CJH/D. Alcohol deprived of 2 atoms of hy- 
 drogen, or acetic aldehyd. It is a colorless, 
 limpid liquid with a characteristic odor. A.- 
 alcoholate, C 4 H 10 O 2 an addition compound 
 of acetic acid and ethyl-alcohol. A. -am- 
 monia, C 2 H 4 ONH 3 , obtained from aldehyd 
 by action of dry ammonia; soluble in water, 
 slightly soluble in ether. It was found by 
 Dobereiner, and named by Liebig. Syn., 
 Ammoniated ethylic aldehyd; Aceiylammon- 
 inm; Ammonium aldehydate; Ethidene hydra- 
 min. A., Anisic, C,H s 2 , results on oxidiz- 
 ing various essential oils (anise, fennel, etc.) 
 with dilute HNO s . A., Aromatic, an alde- 
 hyd obtained as an oxidation-product of a 
 primary aromatic alcohol and in turn giving 
 rise by oxidation to a monobasic aromatic 
 acid. 'A., Benzoic, C 7 H 6 0, the oil of bitter 
 almonds. Syn., Benzaldehyd. A. Character- 
 istic, the univalent radicle, C(H) = O, com- 
 mon to the aldehyds. A., Cinnamic, C 9 H 8 0, 
 the chief ingredient of the essential oil of cin- 
 namon and cassia. A., Collidin, A., Col- 
 linic, an oxidation-product of albuminoids 
 and gelatin; a colorless, viscid oil with odor like 
 oil of cinnamon. A. , Formic, CH 2 or HCHO 
 is microbicidal and antiseptic. Svn., Formal- 
 dehyd. A.,Glycolyl, CH 2 (OH)\ CHO, an 
 oxidation-product of tartaric acid when di- 
 
 gested with water 
 
 -6o° C. A., Iso- 
 
 butylic, A., Isobutyryl, C 4 H s O, a transpar- 
 ent, colorless, highly refractive, pungent liquid; 
 sp. gr., 0.797 at 15 C; soluble in alcohol; 
 boils at 6i°C. A., fsovaleral, A., Isovaleric, 
 C 5 H 10 O, a pungent, oily liquid, with an odor 
 of apples, obtained from oxidation of amyl- 
 alcohol; sp. gr., 0.804 at 15 C; miscible 
 in alcohol and ether; boils at 92. 5 C. A., 
 Pyroracemic, CH 3 . CO . CHO, a yellow 
 volatile oil obtained by boiling isonitroso- 
 acetone with dilute sulfuric acid. Syn., 
 Acetylformyl; Methylglyoxal; Propanalon. 
 A., Thio-, an aldehyd in which the 
 oxygen in the aldehyd characteristic is 
 
ALDEHYDASE 
 
 40 
 
 ALGOGENIC 
 
 replaced by sulfur. A., Toluic, A., Tol- 
 uylic, C 8 H g O, a substance occurring in 3 
 isomeric forms, all of which are liquids. 
 
 Aldehydase (al-de-hi'-daz). An oxydase occur- 
 ring in the liver, capable of oxidizing sal- 
 icylic aldehyd to the corresponding acid and 
 supposed to be closely concerned in the func- 
 tions of that organ. 
 
 Aldin (al'-din) [see Aldehyd]. An amorphous 
 basic chemic substance, formed from an 
 ammonia compound of aldehyd. Several al- 
 dins are known. 
 
 Ale (al) [AS., ealu]. An alcoholic beverage 
 brewed from malt and hops. It contains from 
 3 to 7 % of alcohol. 
 
 Alecithal iah-les' -ith-at) [a, priv.; XencQoc, yolk]. 
 A term applied to certain ovums having the 
 food-yolk absent, or present only in very 
 small quantity. 
 
 Aleipsis (al-ip'-sis) [aXeapcg, an anointing]. 
 Steatosis; fatty degeneration. 
 
 Alembic {al-em'-bik) [Ar., al, the; a/z/?^, a 
 cup]. A vessel used for distillation. 
 
 Alembroth {al-em' -broth) [origin unknown]. 
 An old name for a compound of the chlorids 
 of ammonium and mercury. Its solution 
 has been used as an antiseptic. 
 
 Aleppo Boil, A. Button, A. Evil, A. Pustule, 
 A. Ulcer. See Furunculus orientalis. 
 
 Alepton P {al-ep' -ton) . Colloidal ferroman- 
 ganese peptonate. 
 
 Alepton S. Colloidal ferromanganese saccha- 
 rate. 
 
 Aletris {al'-et-ris). Star-grass; unicorn-root; 
 starwort; colic root. The root of A. far- 
 inosa. It is tonic, diuretic, and anthelmin- 
 tic, and was formerly a popular domestic 
 remedy in colic, dropsy, and chronic rheuma- 
 tism. Dose of fluidextract 10-30 min. (0.65- 
 2.0 Cc); of tincture (1 in 8 proof spirit) 
 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc); of aletrin, the extractive, 
 \-\ gr. (0.016-0.26 Gm.). 
 
 Aleukemia {ah-lu-ke' -me-ah) [a, priv.; Xsukoc, 
 white; alp.a, blood]. Deficiency in the pro- 
 portion of white cells in the blood. 
 
 Aleukocytosis {ah-lu-ko-si-to f -sis) [a, priv.; 
 Xsukoc, white; kotoc, cell]. A diminished 
 or insufficient formation of leukocytes. 
 
 Aleurometer {al-u-rom! -et-er) [aleuron; jnerpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument used for the 
 examination of crude gluten as to its power 
 of distending under the influence of heat, as 
 a means of judging of the value of a flour 
 for bread-making. 
 
 Aleuron {al-u'-ron) [aXeopov, flour]. 1. Wheat 
 flour. 2. Small, round proteid particles found 
 in seeds. 
 
 Aleuronat (al-u'-ro-nat) [aleuron]. A vegetable 
 albumin used as a substitute for bread in 
 cases of diabetes. 
 
 Aleuroscope {al-u'-ro-skop). See Aleurometer. 
 
 Alexander's Operation. A shortening of the 
 uterine round ligaments through an inguinal 
 incision, to cure retrodisplacement. 
 
 Alexeterium (al-eks-e-te' -re-um) [dh^rjzrjp, a. 
 defender]. An external defensive remedy 
 against poison or infection, as distinguished 
 
 from alexipharmac, an internal remedy. The 
 plural alexeteria was formerly used to desig- 
 nate remedies in general, but applied later to 
 those used against the poisonous bites of 
 animals. 
 
 Alexia (ah-leks' '-e-ah) [a, priv.; Xe£tc, word]. 
 Word -blindness. A form of aphasia in which 
 the patient is unable to recognize written or 
 printed characters. A., Cortical, a variety 
 of Wernicke's sensory aphasia produced 
 by lesions of the left gyrus angularis. A., 
 Motor, inability to read aloud what is writ- 
 ten or printed, although it is comprehended. 
 A., Musical, loss of the ability to read 
 music. A., Optic, inability to comprehend 
 written or printed words. A., Subcortical, 
 that due to interruption of the direct con- 
 nection between the optic center and the 
 gyrus angularis. 
 
 Alexin {al-eks'-in) [aXe£cc, help]. A defensive 
 proteid existing normally in the blood. 
 
 Alexipharmac, Alexipharmic {al-eks-e-far'- 
 mak, -mik) [dXk^ecv, to repel; (fiapjiaKov. a 
 poison]. 1. A medicine neutralizing a poison. 
 2. Acting as an internal antidote. 
 
 Alexipharmacon {al-eks-e-jar'-mak-on) [see 
 Alexipharmac]. Any alexipharmac medi- 
 cine. 
 
 Alexiterium ial-eks-it-e' -re-um) See Alex- 
 eterium. 
 
 Alexocyte (al-eks' '-o-sit) [aXk^eiv, to ward off; 
 kotoc, a cell]. Hankin's name for an am- 
 phophil leukocyte. 
 
 Alga {al'-ga) [alga, a seaweed ;-*pl., algce]. A sea- 
 weed; one of a group of acotyledonous plants 
 living mostly in the water. 
 
 Algaroth (al'-gar-oth). Antimony oxychlorid. 
 
 Algesia (al-je' '-ze-ah) [aXyrjocc, pain]. 1. Pain; 
 suffering. 2. Hyperesthesia as regards the 
 sensation of pain; also neuralgia. 
 
 Algesimeter {al-jes-im' -et-er) [algesia, pain; 
 fiirpov, a measure]. An instrument for de- 
 termining the acuteness of the sense of pain. 
 A., Bjornstrom's, one to test the sensibility 
 of the skin. A., Boas', an instrument con- 
 sisting of a pad and spring, used to determine 
 the relative sensitiveness over the epigas- 
 trium. The normal tolerance is 9 to 10 kilo- 
 grams; in cases of gastric ulcer, 1 to 2 kilo- 
 grams. 
 
 Algesthesis {al-jes-the' -sis) [aX^yoc, pain; a'ta- 
 Otjgcc, feeling]. The perception of pain; pain- 
 ful disease. 
 
 Algid {al'-jid) [algidus, cold]. Cold; chilly. 
 A. Cholera, the cold stage of Asiatic cholera. 
 A. Fever, a pernicious intermittent fever, 
 with great coldness of the surface of the 
 body. A. State, the cold stage of a dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Algidism, Algidity (al'-jid-izm, al-jid'-it-e) 
 [see Algid]. A marked sense of coldness; 
 chilliness. A., Progressive. See Sclerema 
 neonatorum. 
 
 Algiomotor (al-je-o-mo' '-tor) [dXyoc, pain; movere, 
 to move]. Causing movements attended with 
 pain. 
 
 Algogenic (al-go-jen' '-ik) [algos; yzwav, to 
 
ALGOLAGNIA 
 
 41 
 
 ALIMENTATION 
 
 produce]. i. Causing neuralgic pain. 2. 
 [algidus, cold; yevvdv, to produce.] Lowering 
 the body-temperature below the normal. 
 
 Algolagnia (al-go-lag'-ne-ah) [algos; Xayve'ca, 
 venery]. Sexual perversion in which pain en- 
 joined or endured plays a part. 
 
 Algometer {al-gom' -et-er) [algos; fihpov, a meas- 
 ure]. An instrument for testing the sensibility 
 of a part to pain. 
 
 Algor (al'-gor) [L.]. A sense of 
 chilliness or coldness. 
 
 Alibert's Disease. Mycosis fun- 
 goides. A.'s Keloid, true keloid. 
 
 Alible {al'-i-bl) [alibilis, nutritive]. 
 Nutritive; absorbable and as- 
 similable. 
 
 Ali cyclic {al-i-si' -klik) [aXeccfxip, fat; 
 kukXoc, a circle] . Pertaining to any 
 hydroaromatic derivative having 
 a ring-formation, carbocyclic, but 
 approaching the aliphatic deriva- 
 tives in chemic behavior. Syn., 
 A liphatic-cyclic. 
 
 Alienatio (al-yen-a'-she-o). See 
 Alienation. A. partis, gangrene. 
 
 Alienation (dl-yen-a'-sh un) [alienus, 
 strange]. Mental derangement. 
 
 Alienist (a/' -yen-ist) [see Alien- 
 ation]. One who treats mental 
 diseases. 
 
 Aliform (al'-if-orm) [a la, wing; 
 forma, shape]. Wing-shaped. A. 
 Process, the wing of the sphe- 
 noid. 
 
 Alima (al-i'-mah) [aXqioc, without 
 hunger]. Alimentary substances. 
 
 Aliment (al'-im-ent) [alimentum, 
 from alimentare, to nourish]. 
 Nourishment; food. A., Acces- 
 sory, A., Adjective, a condiment. 
 A., Substantive, a food with 
 nutritive value as distinguished 
 from a condiment. 
 
 Alimentary {al-im-en' -ta-re) [see 
 Aliment]. Nourishing. A. Bolus, 
 the food after mastication and 
 just prior to swallowing. A. 
 Canal, A. Duct, A. System, 
 A. Tract, A. Tube, the digestive 
 tube, from the lips to the anus, 
 with its accessory glands. 
 
 Alimentation {al-im-en-ta' 'shun) [alimentare, 
 to nourish]. The act of supplying with food. 
 A., Rectal, the nourishing of a patient by 
 the administration of small quantities of 
 concentrated food through the rectum. There 
 are many formulas for these nutritive enemas, 
 the most important of which are the follow- 
 ing: 1. Leake's Pancreatic-meat Emulsion. — 
 "For rectal alimentation: chop 5 oz. of 
 finely scraped meat still finer, add to it 1^ 
 oz. of finely chopped pancreas free from fat, 
 and then 3 oz. of lukewarm water; stir 
 to the consistence of a thick pulp. Give at 
 one time, care being taken to wash out the 
 rectum with water about an hour before." 
 2. Mayefs Formula.— "Fresh ox-pancreas, 
 
 150 to 200 Gm.; lean meat, 400 to 500 Gm. 
 Bruise the pancreas in a mortar with water 
 at a temperature of 37° C., and strain through 
 a cloth. Chop the meat and mix thoroughly 
 with the strained fluid, after separating all 
 the fat and tendinous portions. Add the 
 yolk of one egg; let stand for 2 hours, and 
 administer at the same temperature, after 
 having cleansed the rectum with an injection 
 
 - \Salivary Gland 
 
 Spleen 
 
 Vermiform Appendix 
 
 General Scheme of the Digestive Tract, With the Glands 
 Opening into it, Together With the Lacteals Arising 
 from the Intestine and Joining the Thoracic Duct. — (Lan- 
 dois.) 
 
 of oil. This quantity is sufficient for 24 
 hours' nourishment, and should be adminis- 
 tered in 2 doses." 3. Rcnnie's Formula. — 
 "Add to a bowl of good beef -tea one-half 
 pound of lean, raw beefsteak pulled into 
 shreds. At 99° F. add 1 dr. of fresh pepsin 
 and § dr. of dilute HC1. Place the mixture 
 before the fire and let it remain for 4 hours, 
 stirring frequently. The heat must not be 
 too great, or the artificial digestive process 
 will be stopped altogether. It is better to 
 have the mixture too cold than too hot. If 
 alcohol is to be given, it should be added 
 at the last moment. Eggs may also be 
 added, but should be previously well beaten." 
 4. Feaslee's Formula. — "Crush or grind a 
 
AL1NASAL 
 
 42 
 
 ALKAPTONURIA 
 
 pound of beef -muscle fine; then add i pint 
 of cold water; allow it to macerate 40 min- 
 utes, and then gradually raise it to the boil- 
 ing-point; allow it to boil 2 minutes — no 
 more — and then strain." 5. Flint's Mixture. 
 — "Milk, 2 oz.; whisky, § oz., to which 
 add half an egg." 
 
 Alinasal (al-i-na'-sal) [ala, a wing; nasus, 
 the nose]. Pertaining to the ala nasi, or 
 wing of the nose. 
 
 Aliphatic (al-e-fat'-ik) [aXec(f>ap, fat]. Fatty. 
 A. Acid. See Acid, Fatty. A.-cyclic. See 
 Alicyclic. 
 
 Aliquot (al-i'-kwot) [aliquot, several]. A part 
 of a number or quantity which will measure 
 it without a remainder, as 4 is an aliquot of 
 12. 
 
 Alisphenoid (al-is-fe' -noid) [ala, a wing; 
 sphenoid]. 1. Pertaining to the greater wing 
 of the sphenoid bone. 2. The bone that in 
 adult life forms the main portion of the greater 
 wing of the sphenoid. 
 
 f OTT 
 
 Alizaramid (al-iz-ar' -am-id), C u H 6 2 < NH . 
 
 A brown, crystalline substance obtained from 
 boiling a dilute solution of alizarin in am- 
 monia. Syn., Amidoanthraquinon. 
 
 Alizarimid {al-iz-ar' -im-id), C u H 7 N0 2 . A vio- 
 let-red substance obtained from v flocculent 
 precipitated alizarin by action of ammonia 
 with heat; it becomes nearly black on dry- 
 ing. Syn., Alizarein. 
 
 Alizarin (al-iz-a'-rin) [Ar., al, the; 'agar ah, 
 to extract], C u H 8 4 . The red coloring prin- 
 ciple occurring in Rubia tinctorum and in 
 anthracene. It occurs in red, prismatic 
 crystals, readily soluble in ether and 
 alcohol. The alizarins form a group of the 
 anthracene colors. A. -blue, a crystalline 
 blue coloring-matter formed by heating 
 nitroalizarin in combination with H 2 S0 4 and 
 glycerol. 
 
 Alkadermic (al-ka-der'-mik) [alkali; dipp.a, 
 skin]. Pertaining to or containing an alka- 
 loid used in subcutaneous injection. 
 
 Alkalescence (al-ka-les'-ens) [Ar., al-qaliy, soda- 
 ash]. Slight or commencing alkalinity. 
 
 Alkalescent (al-ka-les' '-ent) [see Alkalescence]. 
 Somewhat alkaline. 
 
 Alkali (al'-ka-ll) [see Alkalescence]. The 
 term includes the hydrated oxids of the al- 
 kali metals; these are electropositive, are 
 strong bases, uniting with acids to form 
 salts, turn red litmus blue, and saponify 
 fats. A. -albumin, a derived albumin; a 
 proteid that has been acted upon by dilute 
 alkalis and yields an alkaline reaction. A.- 
 albuminate, a soluble powder used as a 
 culture-medium in bacteriology. A., Caus- 
 tic, the solid hydroxid of potassium or 
 sodium. A., Fixed, potassium or sodium 
 hydrate. A. Metals, sodium, potassium, 
 lithium, cesium, and rubidium. A., Or- 
 ganic, one forming an essential constituent 
 of an organism. A., Vegetal, potash; also 
 applied to the alkaloids. A., Volatile, am- 
 monium hydrate, which is decomposed by 
 
 heat with the evolution of ammonia; also 
 ammonium carbonate. 
 
 Alkalimeter {al-ka-lim' -et-er) [alkali; fxhpov, 
 a .measure]. An instrument for estimating 
 the alkali in a substance. 
 
 Alkalimetry (al-ka-lim' -et-re) [see Alkalimeter]. 
 The measurement of the amount of an alkali 
 in a substance. 
 
 Alkaline (al'-ka-lln) [alkali]. Having the qual- 
 ities of or pertaining to an alkali. A. Earths, 
 the oxids of calcium, barium, strontium, and 
 magnesium. 
 
 Alkalinity (al-ka-lin'-i-le) [alkali]. The quality 
 of being alkaline. 
 
 Alkalinuria (al-ka-lin-u' -re-ah) [alkali; oupov, 
 urine]. Alkalinity of the urine. 
 
 Alkalithia (al-ka-lith'-e-ah). An effervescent 
 preparation used in rheumatism, said to con- 
 tain 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) caffein, 5 gr. (0.32 
 Gm.) lithium bicarbonate, 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.) 
 sodium bicarbonate, in each heaping tea- 
 spoonful. Dose 1 heaped teaspoonful 3 times 
 daily in a large glass of water. 
 
 Alkalization (al-ka-li-za'-shun) [alkali]. The 
 act of rendering a thing alkaline; the state 
 or quality of being rendered alkaline. 
 
 Alkaloid (al'-ka-loid) [alkali; eldoc, likeness]. 
 Any one of the nitrogenous compounds oc- 
 curring in plants, and resembling ammonia 
 in being basic and capable of forming salts 
 with acids. Alkaloids are believed to be sub- 
 stituted ammonias. Several of the important 
 ones are related to piperidin and to 
 quinolin. Alkaloids are, as a rule, the most 
 active parts of plants; many are used in 
 medicine. A. s, Animal, substances chemic- 
 ally like alkaloids, formed in the decom- 
 position of animal tissues. See Leukomain. 
 A., Artificial, one produced synthetically. 
 A., Cadaveric, A., Putrefactive. See P to- 
 main. A., Glucosid, a substance which ex- 
 hibits the characteristics of an alkaloid, but 
 is capable of decomposition into sugar and 
 another substance when acted upon by dilute 
 acid. 
 
 Alkamin (al'-kam-in). See Alkine. 
 
 Alkanet (al'-kan-et) [Sp., dim. of alcana, henna]. 
 The root of the herb, Alkanna (Anchusa) 
 tinctoria, yielding a red dye that is used in 
 staining wood, coloring adulterated wines, and 
 in pharmacy to give a red color to salves, 
 etc. 
 
 Alkanin (al'-kan-in). See Alkannin. 
 
 Alkanna-red. See Alkannin. 
 
 Alkannin (al'-kan-in) [see Alkanet]. Alkanna- 
 red; a valuable coloring-matter obtained from 
 alkanet. 
 
 Alkapton (al-kap' -ton) . A yellowish, resinous, 
 nitrogenous body occasionally found in urine. 
 
 Alkaptonuria (al-kap-ton-u' -re-ah) [alkapton; 
 obpov, urine]. The presence of alkapton in 
 the urine. It has been found in cases of 
 pulmonary tuberculosis and in other instances 
 in which there were no local lesions or general 
 disease. Urine containing alkapton turns 
 dark on standing or on the addition of an 
 alkali. 
 
ALKARGEN 
 
 43 
 
 ALLOGOTROPHIA 
 
 Alkargen {al-kar'-jen) [alkarsin; ytvvdv, to 
 produce]. Dimethylarsenic acid, obtained 
 from alkarsin by the action of water. 
 
 Alkarsin {al-kar' -sin) [alcohol; arsenic]. "Ca- 
 det's fuming liquid"; an extremely poison- 
 ous liquid containing cacodyl. It is of a 
 brown color, and on exposure to the air ignites 
 spontaneously. 
 
 Alkeins {aV '-ke-inz) . A collective name for 
 the ethers formed from the alkines. 
 
 Alkine {al'-kin) . Any member of the acetylene 
 series of hydrocarbons. Syn., Alkamin. 
 
 Alkyl {al'-kil) [alkali]. The name applied to 
 any of the univalent alcohol radicles, CnH^+i; 
 methyl, ethyl, etc., are alkyls. A.-sulfids, 
 thioethers; sulfur analogs of the ethers. They 
 are colorless liquids, generally insoluble in 
 water, and possessing a disagreeable odor 
 resembling that of garlic. 
 
 Alkylamin {al-MV '-am-in) . A body having 
 the constitution of ammonia in which an alkyl 
 replaces hydrogen; i, 2, or 3 hydrogen atoms 
 of the ammonia molecule may suffer this 
 replacement, thus yielding primary or mon- 
 alkylamins, having the general formula NH 2 - 
 (C n H 2n -)- 1 ); secondary or dialkylamins, having 
 the general formula NH(C n H 2n+1 ) (CpH^+j); 
 and tertiary or trialkylamins, of the general 
 formula N(C n H 2n + 1 ) (CpH^+j) (C q H^+j)- 
 
 Alkylate {al f -kil-at) . A compound derived 
 from a monatomic alcohol by replacement of 
 the hydroxyl hydrogen by a metal. 
 
 Alkylation {al-kil-a' -shun) . The exchange 
 of hydroxy lie hydrogen atoms for methyl 
 groups. 
 
 Alkylen {al'-ki-len). See Olefin. 
 
 Allachesthesia {al-ah-kes-the' -ze-ah) [dXXax^, 
 in another place; aZodyotc, sensation]. Er- 
 roneous localization of tactile impressions, 
 differing from allocheiria in the respect that 
 the sensation is felt on the same side of the 
 body, but in a different place from that in 
 which the irritation occurs. 
 
 Allantiasis {al-an-ti' -as-is) [dXX&c, a sausage]. 
 Sausage-poisoning, due to the ingestion of 
 sausages in which putrefactive changes have 
 taken place. 
 
 Allantoic {al - an - to' - ik) [dXXdg, a sausage; 
 eldoc, resemblance]. Pertaining to the al- 
 lantois. 
 
 Allantoid {al-an' -toid) [see Allantoic]. 1. Re- 
 sembling a sausage. 2. Relating to the allan- 
 tois. A. Liquid. See Liquor amnii spu- 
 rius. 
 
 Allantoides {al-an-to-i'-dez). 1. Allantoid. 2. 
 A sausage. 3. The great toe. 4. The al- 
 lantois. 
 
 Allantoin {al-an' -to-in) [see Allantoic], C 4 H 6 - 
 N 4 3 . A crystalline substance occurring in 
 traces in normal urine, and prepared from uric 
 acid by oxidation. Also the characteristic 
 constituent of the allantoic fluid, and likewise 
 found in fetal urine and amniotic fluid. 
 
 Allantois {al-an' -to-is) [see Allantoic]. One of 
 the fetal membranes derived from the meso- 
 blastic and hypoblastic layers. Its function is 
 to convey the blood-vessels to the chorion. 
 
 The lower part finally becomes the bladder, 
 the upper, the urachus. 
 
 Allantotoxicon {al-an-to-toks' -ik-on) [dXXac, a 
 sausage; to^ckov, a poison]. A poisonous 
 substance, probably a ptomain, that develops 
 during the putrefactive fermentation of sau- 
 sage. 
 
 Allen's (Charles W.) Iodin Test. See under 
 Tinea versicolor. 
 
 Allen's Reaction for Phenol. Add to one or 
 two drops of the liquid to be tested a few 
 drops of hydrochloric acid and then one drop 
 of nitric acid. A cherry-red coloration is 
 produced. 
 
 Allene {al-en'), CH 2 =C=CH 2 . An isomer of 
 allylene. Syn., fi-Allylene; Isoallylene. 
 
 Allesthesia {al-es-the' -ze-ah) [aXXoc, other; 
 a'iad-qocc, feeling]. Synonym of Allocheiria. 
 
 Alleviator {al-e' -ve-a-tor) [allevare, to lighten]. 
 A device for raising or lifting a sick person 
 from the bed. 
 
 Alliaceous {al-e-a'-shus) [allium, garlic]. 
 Resembling garlic, or pertaining to the 
 same. 
 
 Allingham's Painful Ulcer. Anal fissure. 
 
 Allis' Sign. Relaxation of the fascia lata be- 
 tween the iliac crest and the trochanter major 
 is indicative of fracture of the neck of the 
 femur. 
 
 Alliteration {al-it-er-a'-shun) [ad, to; liter a, 
 letter]. A form of dysphrasia in which the 
 patient arranges his words according to the 
 sound. 
 
 Allium {al'-e-um) [L.]. Garlic. The undried 
 bulb of A. sativum. It contains a pungent, 
 volatile oil that is found also in the leek and the 
 onion. In small amounts garlic acts as a con- 
 diment and aids in the digestion and absorp- 
 tion of food. In chronic bronchitis garlic ap- 
 plied as a poultice to the chest and internally 
 in boiled milk is beneficial. Poultices of gar- 
 He applied to the spine are recommended in 
 infantile convulsions and may be applied over 
 the abdomen in gastrointestinal catarrh. A. 
 cepa, the common onion, and A. porrum, the 
 leek, have similar qualities. A., Syrup of 
 {syrupus allii), contains fresh garlic, 20 Gm.; 
 sugar, 80 Gm.; dilute acetic acid, a sufficient 
 quantity to make 100 Cc. Dose 1-4 dr. (4- 
 16 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Alio-. A prefix used in chemistry to designate 
 a body which has been rendered more stable 
 by heat; also used to represent isomerism 
 when there is "relative asymmetry." 
 
 Allocheiria, Allochiria {al-o-ki'-re-ah) [aXXoc, 
 other; %£(p, hand]. A peculiar disturb- 
 ance of sensation in w r hich, if one extrem- 
 ity is pricked, the patient locates the sensa- 
 tion in the corresponding part on the other 
 side. 
 
 Allochesthesia {al-ok-es-the' -ze-ah) . Same as 
 Allocheiria. 
 
 Allochroism {al-ok'-ro-izm) [aXXof, other; XP^- 
 [ia, color]. 1 . Variation in color. 2. A change 
 of color. 
 
 Allogotrophia {al-o-go-tro' -je-ah) [alios; xpkfatv, 
 to nourish]. The nourishment of one part 
 
ALLOLALIA 
 
 44 
 
 ALLYL 
 
 of the body at the expense of some other 
 part. 
 
 Allolalia {al-o-la' -le-ah) [alios; XaXe7v,to speak]. 
 Any perversion of the faculty of speech. 
 See Alalia. 
 
 Allopathy {al-op' -a-the) [alios; naOoc, affec- 
 tion]. According to Hahnemann, the in- 
 ventor of the term, that method of the treat- 
 ment of disease consisting in the use of medi- 
 cines the action of which upon the body in 
 health produces morbid phenomena different 
 from those of the disease treated; erroneously 
 used of the regular medical profession; op- 
 posed to homeopathy. 
 
 Allorrhythmia (al-or-rith' '-me-ah) [alios; pod- 
 p.bc, rhythm]. Variation in intervals of the 
 pulse. 
 
 Allotherm {aV -o-therm) [alios; dip/mrj, heat]. 
 An organism whose temperature is directly 
 dependent on its culture-medium. 
 
 Allotoxin {al-o-toks' -in) [alios; to^ckov, poison]. 
 Any substance, produced by tissue-metamor- 
 phosis within the organism, that tends to shield 
 the body by destroying microorganisms or 
 toxins that are inimical to it. 
 
 Allotriodontia (al-ot-re-o-dori-she-ah) [dXXb- 
 rpcoc, strange; odoug, tooth], i. The trans- 
 planting of teeth from one person to another. 
 2. The existence of teeth in abnormal situa- 
 tions, as in tumors. 
 
 Allotriogeustia (al-ot-re-o-gus' -te-ah) [allotrios; 
 yeuocg, taste]. Perversion of the sense of 
 taste; abnormity of the appetite. 
 
 Allotriophagy {al-ot-re-oft'-a-je) [allotrios; 
 (frayew, to eat]. Depraved or unnatural 
 appetite. 
 
 Allotropic {al-o-trop'-ik) [aXXoc, other; rpoTzog, 
 turn], i. Characterized by allotropism. 2. 
 Relating to or marked by isomerism. 
 
 Allotropism {al-ot'-rop-izm) [see Allotropic]. 
 
 1. The term expresses the fact of certain ele- 
 ments existing in two or more conditions with 
 differences of physical properties; thus, car- 
 bon illustrates allotropism by existing in the 
 forms of charcoal, plumbago, and the diamond. 
 
 2 . Appearance in an unusual or abnormal form. 
 Alloxamid (al-oks' -am-id) [alloxan; ammonia]. 
 
 A substance, C 8 H 4 N 4 4 , obtained from al- 
 loxan by the action of ammonia. 
 
 Alloxan {al-oks'-an) [allantoin; oxalic], C 4 H 2 - 
 N 2 4 . A crystalline substance produced by 
 the oxidation of uric acid. 
 
 Alloxantin (al-oks-an'-tin) [alloxan], C 8 H 4 N 4 7 
 + 3H 2 0. A substance obtained by reducing 
 alloxan with SnCl 2 , zinc, and HC1, or H 2 S 
 in the cold. It occurs in small, hard, color- 
 less prisms that turn red when treated with 
 ammonia. 
 
 Alloxin {al-oks' -in) [allantoin]. Any of a series 
 of xanthin bases, the result of the splitting- 
 up of chromatin, and which on oxidation 
 produce uric acid. 
 
 Alloxur, Alloxuric {al-oks'-ur, al-oks-u'-rik) 
 [aXXoc, other; o$uc, sharp]. A term applied by 
 Kossel and Kriiger to the xanthin bases, from 
 the fact that these, like uric acid, contain all- 
 oxan and urea groups. A. Bases, A. Bodies, 
 
 xanthin, hypoxanthin, guanin, paraxanthin, 
 adenin. 
 
 Alloxuremia {al-oks-u-re' -me-ah) [alloxur; ure- 
 mia]. Toxemia due to the resorption of the 
 xanthin or alloxur bases. 
 
 Alloxuria ial-oks-u' -re-ah) [alloxur; ohpov, urine]. 
 The pathologic secretion of alloxur bodies 
 (uric acid, xanthin, hypoxanthin, paraxanthin, 
 adenin, carnin, etc.) in the urine. 
 
 Alloy {al-oi') [from the French aloi, a contrac- 
 tion of a la lot]. 1 . A compound of two or more 
 metals by fusion. 2. The least valuable of 
 two or more metals that are fused together. 
 
 Allspice {awl'-spls). The fruit of Eugenia pi- 
 menta. A., Carolina, the leaves of Caly can- 
 thus -floridus, having the properties of an aro- 
 matic stimulant. See Pimenta. 
 
 Alius (al'-us) [L.]. The great toe. A. pollex, 
 the thumb. 
 
 Allyl {al'-il) [allium, garlic], C 3 H 5 . A univalent 
 alcohol radicle. Syn., Allylum; A cry I. A. 
 Acetate: 1. C 3 H 5 . C 2 H 3 0, an aromatic 
 liquid with sharp taste, boiling at 103 - 
 104 C. 2. A salt of . allylacetic acid. A. 
 Alcohol, C3H5HO. A colorless, inflammable 
 liquid, with pungent odor, boiling at 97° C. 
 A. Aldehyd, C 3 H 4 0. A synonym of Acro- 
 lein. A. Borate, (C 3 H 5 ) 3 B0 3 , a liquid giving 
 off pungent, irritating vapors which cause a 
 flow of tears; it boils at i68°-i75° C. A. 
 Bromid, C 3 H 5 Br, a liquid with pungent 
 odor; sp. gr., 1.436 at 15 C; soluble in 
 alcohol and ether; boils at 7o°-7i° C. Syn., 
 Br omo propylene. A. Carbamin, CN . C 3 H 5 , 
 a liquid obtained by heating allyl iodid with 
 silver cyanid; it has an extremely foul and 
 penetrating odor; boils at 96°-io6° C. Syn., 
 Allyl cyanid; Allyl isocyanid. A. Carbimid, 
 CO . NC 3 H 5 , a foul liquid causing flow of 
 tears, formed by the action of potassium 
 pseudocyanate upon allyl iodid. Syn., Allyl 
 isocyanate; Allyl carboxylamin; Allyl pseudo- 
 cyanate. A. Chlorid, C 3 H 5 C1, a pungent 
 liquid; sp. gr., 0.937 at 20 C; boils at 
 45 C. Syn., Chlorotritylen. A. Cyanamid. 
 See Sinamin. A. Dioxid, C 6 H 16 O s , a color- 
 less liquid obtained from allyl alcohol by 
 action of glycerol and oxalic acid; sp. gr., 
 1. 16 at 16 C; boils at I7i°-i72° C; sol- 
 uble in water, alcohol, and chloroform. Syn., 
 Diallyl oxid. A. Iodid, C 3 H 5 I, a pungent 
 liquid; sp. gr., 1.848 at 12 C.; soluble in 
 alcohol; boils at ioo°-io2° C. It is a re- 
 action-product of phosphorus, iodin, and 
 allyl alcohol. A. Mustard Oil, CS . N .- 
 C 3 H 5 . The principal constituent of ordinary 
 mustard oil. Syn., Allyl pseudosulfocyanate; 
 Allyl pseudothiocyanate; Allyl isothiocyanate; 
 Allyl isosulfocyanate ; Allyl thiocarbimid. 
 A. Nitrate, C 3 H 5 . NO s , a mobile liquid 
 of pungent odor, boiling at 106 C, 
 formed from silver nitrate by action of allyl 
 bromid. A. Phenol, C 9 H 10 O, a body obtained 
 from anisic aldehyd by action of potash; it 
 forms laminar crystals . A . Sulfate , C 3 H 5 HS 4 , 
 a substance acting as a monobasic acid and 
 forming salts called allyl sulfates. Syn., Allyl- 
 
 
ALLYLAMIN 
 
 45 
 
 ALOIN 
 
 sulfuric acid; Allyl and hydrogen sulfate. A. 
 Sulfid, (C 3 H 5 ) 2 S, the essential oil of garlic. 
 It is stomachic and sedative. Dose i table- 
 spoonful of a i : 600 mixture every £ hour. 
 It is also used as an enema in cholera and 
 subcutaneously in 0.5 % solution in sterilized 
 olive oil in tuberculosis. A. Thiocyanate, 
 NC . SC 3 H 5 , a colorless, strongly refracting, 
 oily liquid, with odor of garlic and hydro- 
 cyanic acid, isomeric with allyl mustard oil 
 and producing headache, nervous excitement, 
 and nausea when inhaled. Syn., Artificial 
 oil of mustard; Allyl sulfocyanid. A. Tri- 
 bromid, C 3 H 5 Br 3 , a colorless liquid used as 
 an antispasmodic. Dose 5 drops. Unof. 
 
 Allylamin {al-il'-am-iri) [allium; ammonia], 
 NH 2 (C :i H 5 ). Ammonia in which a hydrogen 
 atom is replaced by allyl. It is a caustic 
 liquid. 
 
 Allylene (al'-il-en), CH 3 . C=CH. A gas 
 with strong odor, taking fire readily and 
 burning with a smoky flame; was first ob- 
 tained by Markownikow by heating pro- 
 pylene bromid with alcoholic potash. Syn., 
 Propine; Methylacetylene. 
 
 Almen's Reagent for Blood. A liquid con- 
 taining blood or blood-coloring matters, if 
 well shaken with a mixture of equal parts of 
 tincture of guaiacum and oil of turpentine, 
 becomes blue. A.'s Test for Glucose, 
 heat the liquid with a solution of bismuth 
 subnitrate dissolved in caustic soda and ro- 
 chelle salts; if it contains glucose, the liquid 
 becomes cloudy, dark brown, or nearly black 
 in color, and finally a black deposit appears. 
 
 Almond {ah'-mond) [ME., almonde]. See 
 Amygdala. A. -bread, a variety of bread 
 made from almond flour, for use in diabetes 
 as a substitute for ordinary bread. A.-eyed, 
 applied to the Mongolian race on account of 
 the peculiar elliptic form and slanting ap- 
 pearance of the eyelids. A. of the Ear, A. 
 of the Throat, the tonsil. A. Mixture. See 
 under Amygdala. A. Oil, oleum amygdalae. 
 See Amygdala. A. Oil, Bitter, oleum amyg- 
 dalae amarae. See under A my gdala. A. -paste, 
 a magma of bitter almonds, alcohol, white of 
 egg, and rose-water, used to soften the skin and 
 prevent the hands and lips from chapping. 
 
 Alnus {al'-nus) [L.]. 1. Alder-bark. 2. A 
 genus of shrubs and trees of the order 
 CupulifercB. A. glutinosa, common Euro- 
 pean alder, has astringent bark and leaves, 
 which are used in intermittent fever and as 
 an application in wounds and ulcers. A. 
 serrulata contains tannic acid. The decoc- 
 tion of bark and leaves is astringent and 
 used as a gargle and as a lotion for wounds 
 and ulcers. Dose of powdered bark 10 gr. 
 (0.65 Gm.); of the fluidextract 30-60 min. 
 (2-4 Cc). A. incana has qualities similar 
 to A. serrulata. It is recommended as a 
 hemostatic. 
 
 Alochia {ah-lo r -ke-ah) [d, priv.; Xoxca, the 
 lochia]. Absence of the lochia. 
 
 Aloe {al'-o). A genus of liliaceous plants. 
 See Aloes. A, americana. See Agave. A,- 
 
 resin, an amorphous resinous constituent of 
 aloes obtained as a deposit from a hot aque- 
 ous solution of aloes on cooling. 
 
 Aloeretin (al-o-e-re'-tin). See Aloe-resin. 
 
 Aloes (al'-oz) [dkorj, the aloe]. The inspissated 
 juice of several species of aloe, of which 
 Aloe socotrina, A. barbadensis, and A. capen- 
 sis are most commonly used. Its properties 
 are due to a glucosid, aloin, C 17 H 18 7 . It 
 is a tonic astringent, useful in amenorrhea, 
 chronic constipation, and atonic dyspepsia. 
 It is also an emmenagog and anthelmintic. 
 Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). A. -bitter, a 
 bitter principle obtained from aloes by evap- 
 oration of the aqueous extract from which 
 the aloe-resin has been extracted. A.-bitter, 
 Artificial, a body obtained from aloes by 
 action of nitric acid. A., Decoctum, Compo- 
 situm (B. P.), Socotrine aloes, myrrh, and saff- 
 ron, of each, 2 parts; potassium carbonate, 4 
 parts; licorice-juice, 24 parts; water, 768 
 parts; reduce by boiling to 642 parts 
 and add 192 parts of compound tincture of 
 cardamom. Dose ^-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). 
 A., Enema (B.P.), aloes, potassium carbon- 
 ate, and mucilage of starch. A. et Asafcet- 
 idae, Pilulag (B.P.), aloes and asafetida, of 
 each, i£ gr. (0.1 Gm.). A. et Ferri, Pilulae 
 (U. S. P., B. P.), contain 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) 
 each of aloes, ferrous sulfate, and aromatic 
 
 • powder, incorporated with confection of roses. 
 A. et Mastiches, Pilulae (U. S. P., B. P.), 
 "Lady Webster's pills," contain aloes, 2 gr. 
 (0.13 Gm.); mastic and red rose, h gr. (0.032 
 Gm.). A. et Myrrhae, Pilulae (U. S. P., B. 
 P.), each contains aloes, 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.); 
 myrrh, 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.); aromatic powder, 
 \ gr. (0.032 Gm.), mixed with syrup. A. et 
 Myrrhae, Tinctura (U. S. P., B. P.), aloes, 
 10; myrrh, 10; alcohol, 100 parts. Dose §- 
 2 dr. (2-8 Cc). A., Extractum (U. S. P.). 
 Dose 2 gr. (0.12 Gm.). A., Extractum, 
 Aquosum, prepared by mixing aloes 1 part 
 with 10 parts boiling water, straining and 
 evaporating. Dose J-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.). 
 A., Hepatic, dark, liver-colored aloes, mostly 
 Barbadian. A., Pilulae (U. S. P., B. P.), 
 aloes and soap, of each, 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). A. 
 purificata (U. S. P.), the common drug pur- 
 ified by solution in alcohol and evaporation. 
 Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). A. Soco- 
 trinae, Pilula (B. P.), contains Socotrine 
 aloes, hard soap, oil of nutmeg, and confec- 
 tion of roses. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 A., Tinctura (U. S. P., B. P.), consists of 
 aloes, 10; licorice, 10; dilute alcohol, 100 parts. 
 Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). A., Vinum (B. P.), 
 has aloes, 6; cardamom, 1; ginger, 1; white 
 wine, 100 parts. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
 
 Aloetic (al-o-ef '-ik) [aloes]. Containing or per- 
 taining to aloes. 
 
 Aloetin (al-o-e'-tin). 1. Aloe-resin. 2. A yellow, 
 crystalline principle obtainable from aloes. 
 
 Aloin {al'-o-in) [aloes]. A bitter principle 
 found in aloes. It forms fine needles, pos- 
 sesses a very bitter taste, and acts as a strong 
 purgative. Several glucosids of this name 
 
ALOPECIA 
 
 46 
 
 ALTERNATE 
 
 are described, as, barbaloin, nataloin, zan- 
 aloin, socaloin. Dose J-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 
 Gm.). 
 
 Alopecia {al-o-pe' -she-ah) [aXumen'ca, a disease 
 of foxes resembling mange]. Deficient hair; 
 baldness. It may be universal or partial, 
 congenital or acquired. It follows a large 
 number of systemic affections. Syn., Lapsus 
 capillorum; Defluxio capillorum; Vulpis mor- 
 bus. A. adnata. See A., Congenital. A. 
 areata, that condition in which, suddenly or 
 slowly, one or several, usually asymmetrically 
 distributed, patches of baldness appear upon 
 the hairy regions of the body, more often 
 upon the scalp and parts covered by the 
 beard. Syn., Area celsi; Tinea decalvans; 
 Porrigo decalvans; Alopecia circumscripta. 
 A., Cachectic, that due to general malnutri- 
 tion. A. circumscripta. See A. areata. 
 A., Congenital, a rare form, seldom com- 
 plete, due to absence of hair-bulbs. A. fur- 
 furacea, a form of baldness associated with 
 a disorder of the scalp, marked by hyper- 
 emia, itching, and exfoliation of dry or fatty 
 scales from its surface. It may be acute or 
 chronic, and produce a dryness, brittleness, 
 and lack of luster in the hair. Syn., Alopecia 
 pityroides capillitii; Pityriasis capitis; Sebor- 
 rhoea capillitii ;• Pityriasis simplex. A. 
 localis, that form occurring in one or 
 more patches at the site of an injury or in 
 the course of a nerve. Syn., Alopecia neuritica. 
 A. neurotica, a name given to baldness 
 of trophoneurotic origin. A. orbicularis. 
 Same as A. circumscripta. A. pityroides 
 capillitii. See A. furfuracea. A. pity- 
 roides universalis, a rapid and general de- 
 nudation of hair occurring in debilitated 
 states, preceded by abundant desquamation 
 of fatty scales. A. senilis, that occurring in 
 old age. A. simplex, the idiopathic prema- 
 ture baldness of young adults. It is most com- 
 mon in males, and is often associated with 
 premature grayness. A. syphilitica, that due 
 to syphilis. A. unguis, A. unguium, the 
 
 ' falling-off of the nails. Syn., Onychoptosis. 
 A. universalis, that in which there is a 
 general falling-out of the hairs of the body. 
 
 Aloxanthin (al-oks-an f -thin), Ci 5 H 10 O 6 . A yel- 
 low substance obtained from barbaloin and 
 socaloin by the action of potassium dichro- 
 mate. 
 
 Alpenstich (alp'-en-stik) [Ger.]. A form of 
 severe pleurisy or pleuropneumonia with ty- 
 phoid symptoms peculiar to mountainous 
 regions. It occurred as an epidemic in the 
 Swiss Alps in 1771 and in North Germany 
 in 1832. 
 
 Alpha (al'-fah) [aA(f>a, the first letter of the 
 Greek alphabet]. The Greek letter a, used 
 in combination with many chemic terms to 
 indicate the first of a series of isomeric 
 bodies, as alphanaphthol. A.-eigon, a com- 
 pound of iodin and albumin containing 15 % 
 of iodin and soluble in water. A. -leukocyte, 
 one disintegrating during blood-coagulation. 
 
 Alphenols (al' -fe-nolz) . A class of compounds 
 
 having the characteristics of both alcohols 
 and phenols. 
 
 Alphodeopsoriasis (al-fo-de-o-so-ri 1 '-a-sis) [dX<f>- 
 cooTjc, leprous; <l>copiaoc<;, psoriasis]. A form 
 of psoriasis resembling leprosy. 
 
 Alphodermia (al-fo-der' -me-ah) [dX<f)6c, white; 
 dipfia, the skin]. Achromatosis ; any disease 
 marked by lack of pigmentation. 
 
 Alphol (al'-Jol), C 17 H 12 Cy The salicylic ether 
 of alphanaphthol, a white, crystalline powder, 
 soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in fatty 
 oils, and insoluble in water; melts at 83 ° 
 C. It is an internal antiseptic. Dose 8-15 
 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., 
 Betol. 
 
 Alphos (al'-jos) [dX(f>6c, vitiligo]. 1. An old 
 name for leprosy. 2. Psoriasis. 
 
 Alphosis (al-fo'-sis) [see Alphos]. Albinism; 
 leukoderma. 
 
 Alphus (al'-fus). 1. See Alphos. 2. A scrofulous 
 pustular disease of the skin attended with the 
 formation of white crusts. A. confertus, 
 a scrofulous form of impetigo with clustered 
 lesions attended with formation of white crusts. 
 A. leuce, Plenck's name for a skin disease 
 marked by white spots, which penetrate the 
 skin deeply and involve the hairs, and if 
 pricked, a milky fluid exudes. Syn., Vitiligo 
 leuce; Leuce. A. simplex, Plenck's name 
 for a skin disease marked by white patches 
 not involving the hairs and' wandering from 
 one part to the other, with roughening of 
 the skin. A. sparsus, a scrofulous dissemi- 
 nated ecthyma attended with formation of 
 white crusts. 
 
 Alpinia (al-pin' -e-ah) [Alpinus, an Italian 
 botanist of the sixteenth century]. A genus 
 of zingiberaceous tropical plants. A. chin- 
 ensis, A. officinarum, and other species fur- 
 nish galangal. 
 
 Alsace Gum (al-sas'). See Dextrin. 
 
 Alstonia (al-sto'-ne-ah). A genus of apocyna- 
 ceous trees and shrubs. A. conslricta, the 
 Australian fever-tree, yields the alkaloid al- 
 stonin. The bark is tonic, antiperiodic, and 
 antipyretic, and is used in intermittent fevers. 
 Dose of fluidexlract 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). A. 
 scholaris, the devil-tree, a native of the East 
 Indies, furnishes dita-bark; it is tonic, as- 
 tringent, antiperiodic, and anthelmintic. 
 
 Alstonidin {al-ston f - id - in) . An amorphous 
 substance contained in a variety of dita-bark. 
 
 Alstonin {al-sto' -nin) . 1. An amorphous sub- 
 stance contained in a variety of dita-bark. 
 2. A crystalline alkaloid, C 21 H 20 N 2 O 4 , obtained 
 from Alstonia conslricta. 
 
 Alter (awl'-ter). To castrate or spay. 
 
 Alterant (awl'-ter -ant). Same as Alterative. 
 
 Alterative (awV -ter-a-tiv) [alterativus]. 1. A 
 medicine that alters the processes of nu- 
 trition, restoring, in some unknown way, 
 the normal functions of an organ or of the 
 system. The most important alteratives are 
 arsenic, iodin, the iodids, mercury, and gold. 
 2. Changing; alterant; reestablishing healthy 
 nutritive processes. 
 
 Alternate (awl'-ter-ndt) [altemare f to do by 
 
ALTERNATING 
 
 47 
 
 ALUMINIUM 
 
 turns]. Occurring successively in space or 
 time. A. Hemiplegia. See Hemiplegia. 
 
 Alternating {awV -ter-na-ting) [see Alternate]. 
 Occurring successively. A. Currents, electric 
 currents the direction of which is constantly 
 changing. A. Insanity, a form of insanity in 
 which there are regular cycles of exaltation 
 and depression. 
 
 Alternation {awl-ter-na' -shun) [see Alternate]. 
 Repeated transition from one state to another. 
 
 Alternator iawV-ter-na-tor). An apparatus for 
 converting the direct dynamo current into 
 an alternating current. 
 
 Althaus' Oil. An oil made as follows: Metallic 
 mercury, i part; pure lanolin, 4 parts; 2 % 
 phenol, 5 parts. It is used in the treatment 
 of syphilis in injections of 5 min. (0.3 Cc.) at 
 a dose. 
 
 Althea, Althaea {al-the'-ah) [L.]. Marshmal- 
 low. The peeled root of Althcea officinalis, 
 a plant of the mallow family. It consists 
 of about one -third of vegetable mucus and 
 starch, together with the alkaloids asparagin 
 and althein (latterly regarded as identical). 
 Its decoction is employed as a mucilaginous 
 drink. A., Ointment of {unguentum althcece), 
 an ointment composed of marshmallow root, 
 2 parts; turmeric, flaxseed, and fenugreek, 
 each, 1 part; water, 70 parts; lard, 44 
 parts; yellow wax, 6 parts. Unof. A., 
 Syrup of (syrupus althceae), contains 4 % 
 althea. Dose indefinite. A sparagin possesses 
 sedative and diuretic properties, and is useful 
 in ascites and gout. Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13- 
 0.19 Gra.). 
 
 Altitude {al'-ti-tud) [altitudo, height]. The ele- 
 vation of a place above the sea-level. 
 
 Altmann's Granules. Round bodies staining 
 readily with carbolfuchsin, and regarded as 
 cell-derivatives which have grown through 
 the assimilation of fat. They are probably 
 allied to Russell's bodies. 
 
 Alum (al'-um) [alumen, alum]. Any one of 
 a class of double sulfates formed by the 
 union of one of the sulfates of certain non- 
 alkaline metals with a sulfate of some al- 
 kaline metal. The standard (or common 
 commercial) alum, the official alumen (U. S. 
 P.), is the aluminium-and-potassium sulfate, 
 AlK(S0 4 ) 2 +i2H 2 0. It is a powerful as- 
 tringent and styptic, and is also exten- 
 sively used in the arts. A., Alumina-, a 
 mixture of alum and aluminium sulfate. A., 
 Aluminium-, an alum composed of a double 
 sulfate of aluminium and another radicle. 
 A., Ammonia, the same as the standard, 
 except that the potassium is replaced by 
 ammonium. It is official in Great Britain, 
 and is extensively used on account of its 
 cheapness. What is known as concentrated 
 or patent alum is the normal aluminium 
 sulfate {alumini sulphas, U. S. P.), which is 
 not a true alum. A., Ammonioferric (ferri 
 et ammonii sulphas, U. S. P.), is strongly 
 styptic, and is useful in leukorrhea. Dose 
 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). A., Burnt, alum 
 dried by heat; a spongy, pulverizable sub- 
 
 stance. It is used as an astringent and on 
 fungous growths. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.333- 
 2.0 Gm.). Syn., Calcined alum; Alumen 
 exsiccatum; Alumen ustum. A., Feather, 
 A., Feathered. 1. Alum occurring in a 
 fibrous form. 2. Asbestos. A. -hematoxy- 
 lin, a purple stain for tissues, obtained from 
 an alcoholic solution of hematoxylin by ad- 
 dition of an aqueous solution of potash 
 alum. A., Potash, A., Potassa, A., Po- 
 tassic, A., Potassium, an alum containing 
 potassium, particularly ordinary alum, or 
 aluminium-and-potassium sulfate. A., Po- 
 tassioferric, is similar to ammonioferric 
 alum. A., Soda, double sulfate of sodium 
 and aluminium; it is too soluble for ordinary 
 uses. A. -whey, a preparation obtained by 
 boiling 2 dr. of alum in a pint of milk and 
 straining. It is used as an astringent and 
 internal hemostatic in wineglassful doses. 
 
 Alumen (al-u'-men) [L., gen., aluminis]. See 
 Alum. A. exsiccatum (U. S. P.), burnt or 
 dehydrated alum. See Alum, Burnt. 
 
 Alumil {al'-u-mil). Alumina in combination 
 with acids. 
 
 Alumina {al-u' -min-ah) [L.], A1 2 3 . Alumin- 
 ium oxid; the principal ingredient of clay 
 and of many stones, earths, and minerals. 
 
 Aluminate {al-u'-min-dt) [alumina]. A basic 
 salt of alumina. 
 
 Aluminated Copper. See Lapis divinus. 
 
 Aluminic, Aluminicus {al-u-min'-ik, -us). 
 Relating to or having the nature of alum. 
 
 Aluminiferous (al-u-min-if '-er-us) [alum; ferre, 
 to bear]. Yielding alum. 
 
 Aluminium {al-u-mhi' -i-um) [L.], Al = 27. 
 Quantivalence n, iv. A silver-white metal 
 distinguished by its low sp. gr. — about 2.6. 
 It is largely used in the arts and for certain 
 surgical instruments. A. Acetate, A1 2 . - 
 4C 2 H 3 2 + 4H 2 0. Used as an internal 
 and external disinfectant. Dose 5-10 gr. 
 (0.3-0.6 Gm.) 3 times daily. A. Aceto- 
 borate, antiseptic and disinfectant. A. 
 Acetoglycerinate, glycerite of aluminium 
 acetate. It has one-fifth the strength of 
 aluminium acetotartrate; used in 50% solu- 
 tion in diseases of the nose, throat, and ear. 
 A. Acetotartrate, an energetic nontoxic dis- 
 infectant and astringent. It is applied in 
 0.5 to 2 % solutions in diseases of the air- 
 passages; for chilblains, in 50% solution. 
 A. Boroformate, prepared from freshly pre- 
 cipitated aluminium hydroxid dissolved in 2 
 parts of formic acid, 1 part of boric acid, 
 and 7 parts of water. It is used as an as- 
 tringent and antiseptic. A. Borotannate, a 
 reaction-product from tannic acid with borax 
 and aluminium sulfate, containing 76% tan- 
 nin, 13.23% alumina, 10.71% boric acid; 
 used as a disinfectant and astringent in skin 
 diseases, applied pure or attenuated in oint- 
 ment or dusting-powder. Syn., Cutal; Cutol. 
 A. Borotannotartrate, a compound of 
 aluminium borotannate and tartaric acid; 
 is used externally in skin diseases and in 
 gonorrhea in 0.5 to iq % solution. Syn., 
 
ALUMINOL 
 
 48 
 
 AMA 
 
 Soluble cutal or cutol. A. Borotartrate, an 
 
 energetic, astringent, nonirritant antiseptic, 
 used externally in inflammatory diseases of 
 the throat and nose, and applied in sub- 
 stance or in solution with the addition of 
 glycerol. Syn., Boral. A. Bromid, Al 2 Br 6 . 
 In combination with aluminium chlorid it is 
 used as a gargle in diphtheria or taken 
 internally. A. Casemate, an intestinal as- 
 tringent. Dose 4-5 gr. (0.25^0.3 Gm.). A. 
 Chlorid, A1 2 C1 6 , colorless hexagonal plates 
 which fume in moist air. It is astringent 
 and antiseptic, and is also used in bleach- 
 ing teeth. A. Gallate, Basic, a brown, anti- 
 septic dusting-powder made by precipitating a 
 solution of aluminium sulfate with a solution 
 of gallic acid to which sodium hydroxid has 
 been added. A. Hydroxid {alumini hydroxi- 
 dum, U. S. P.), Al 2 (HO) 6 , a tasteless white pow- 
 der, feebly astringent. Dose 3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 
 Gm.). Syn., Aluminium hydrate. A. Oleate, 
 A1(C 18 H 33 2 ) 2 , ayellowish mass, soluble in alco- 
 hol, in ether, in benzene, and in oleic acid. It 
 is used as an antiseptic in skin diseases. A.- 
 and-potassium Sulfate, A1K(S0 4 )^,+ i2H 2 0, 
 a valuable astringent, used in catarrh, leu- 
 korrhea, gonorrhea. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 
 Gm.). In teaspoonful doses it is an emetic. 
 Syn., Alum. A.-and-potassium Sulfocar- 
 bolate, A1 2 K 2 (C 6 H 4 HS0 4 ) 8 , an antiseptic, as- 
 tringent, and styptic; it is used externally in a 
 5 to 20 % aqueous solution in cases of cancer 
 and putrid ulcerations, and as a mouth- 
 wash. A. Salicylate, A1(C 7 H 5 3 ) 3 , a red- 
 dish-white antiseptic powder used in nasal 
 catarrh and ozena. Syn., Salumin. A. Sal- 
 icylate, Ammoniated, a yellowish- white 
 powder used as an antiseptic and astringent 
 in inflammation of the nose and throat by 
 dry insufflations or painting with a 20 % 
 solution in 50 % of glycerol and 30 % of 
 water. Syn., Soluble salumin. A.-and-so- 
 dium Silicate, Na 2 Si0 3 Al 4 (Si0 4 ) 3 , obtained 
 by adding aluminium hydroxid to a boiling 
 solution of sodium silicate and sodium hy- 
 droxid. It is used in surgical dressings. A. 
 Sozoiodolate, is used as an antiseptic wash 
 in 2 to 3 % solution. A. Sulfate {alumini 
 sulphas, U. S. P.), A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , an antiseptic 
 and astringent used as a lotion in 5 % solu- 
 tion. A. Sulfocarbolate, A1 2 (C ? H 4 HS0 4 ) 6 , 
 white crystals, soluble in water, in glycerol, 
 and in alcohol. It is recommended as an 
 antiseptic in cystitis and suppurating sores. 
 Syn., Sozal. A. Tannate, a compound of 
 aluminium and tannic acid. A. Tannotar- 
 trate, yellowish- white plates or powder, soluble 
 in water; used as an astringent and antiseptic 
 insufflation or gargle in laryngeal or catarrhal 
 troubles. Syn., Soluble tannal. A.-and-zinc 
 Sulfate, Al 2 (S0 4 ) 3 ZnS0 4 , a white, crystalline 
 powder, soluble in water. It is used as a caustic. 
 Aluminol, Alumnol {al-u'-min-ol, al-um'-nol) 
 [aluminium]. An astringent and antiseptic 
 sulfur compound of aluminium, used in 
 gonorrhea, endometritis, and diseases of the 
 ear, nose, skin, etc. Unof, 
 
 Aluminous {al-u' -min-us) . Relating to or con- 
 taining alum, alumina, or aluminium. A. 
 Chalybeate, a term applied to mineral waters 
 containing alum and iron. 
 
 Alumroot. The root of Heuchera ameri- 
 cana. Its properties are due to gallic and 
 tannic acids. It is very astringent. Dose of 
 the fluidextract 10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). 
 Also the root of Geranium maculatum, a mild 
 astringent. 
 
 Alveated {al'-ve-a-ted) [alveatus, hollowed out 
 like a trough]. Honeycombed; channeled; 
 vaulted like a beehive. 
 
 Alvegniat's Pump. A mercurial air-pump 
 used in estimating the gaseous constituents 
 of the blood. 
 
 Alveola {al-ve' -o-lah) [alveolus, a small hollow]. 
 A little depression. 
 
 Alveolar {al-ve' -o-lar) [see Alveola]. Pertaining 
 to an alveolus. A. Abscess, a gum-boil. A. 
 Arch, the alveolar surface of the jaw. A. 
 Artery, a branch of the internal maxillary 
 artery. A. Border, the margin of the jaws. 
 A. Index, in craniometry, the gnathic index; 
 the ratio of the distance between the basion 
 and alveolar point, to the distance be- 
 tween the basion and the nasal point, 
 multiplied by 100. (Sometimes the basilar 
 index is called the alveolar index.) A. 
 Passages, the ultimate division of the bron- 
 chi, emptying into the infundibula. A. 
 Points. See Craniomelric Points. A. Pro- 
 cess, the border of the superior maxilla, 
 in which the alveoli are placed. A. Sar- 
 coma. See Sarcoma. 
 
 Alveolitis {al-ve-o-W -tis) [alveolus; ncc, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the alveolus 
 of a tooth. 
 
 Alveolodental {al-ve' ' -o-lo-den-tal) [alveolus; 
 dens, a tooth]. Pertaining to the teeth and 
 their sockets. 
 
 Alveolomaxillary {al-ve' -o-lo-maks-il-a-re) . 
 The buccinator muscle. 
 
 Alveolus {al-ve' -o-lus) [L.]. 1. The bony 
 socket of a tooth. Syn., Phatne; Phatnia; 
 Phatnion. 2. An air-cell of the lung. 3. A 
 cavity, depression, pit, cell, or recess. A. of 
 a Gland, the terminal lobule of a racemose 
 gland. A. laryngeus. See Pouch, Laryngeal. 
 A. of the Stomach, one of the honeycomb- 
 like depressions found in the stomach. 
 
 Alvine {al'-vin or al'-vln) [alvus, belly]. Per- 
 taining to the belly. A. Concretion, an in- 
 testinal calculus. A. Dejections, A. Dis- 
 charges, the feces. A. Obstruction, con- 
 stipation. 
 
 Alvus {al'-vus) [L., pi. and gen., alvi]. 1. The 
 belly or its contained viscera. 2. Diarrhea. 
 A. adstricta, A. astricta, an extreme degree 
 of constipation. A. dura, constipation. A. 
 renis, the pelvis of the kidney. 
 
 Alympnia {ah-lim}' -e-ah) [a, priv.; lympha, 
 lymph]. A deficiency of lymph. 
 
 Alyssus {al-is'-us) [a, priv.; XOooa, madness]. 
 Preventing or curing rabies. 
 
 Ama {ah' -ma) [a pur), a water-pail]. An enlarge- 
 ment at the end opposite the ampulla of a 
 
AMACRINE 
 
 49 
 
 AMBLYOPIA 
 
 bony canal of the labyrinth of the internal 
 ear. 
 
 Amacrine (am'-ak-ren) [d, priv.; fxanpoc, long; 
 7c, a fiber]. Applied to nerve-cells entirely 
 devoid of axis-cylinder processes. 
 
 Amadou (am'-a-doo) [Fr., amadouer, to coax]. 
 German tinder or touchwood; Boletus igni- 
 arius, a fungus found on old tree-trunks, 
 used to stanch local hemorrhage and as a 
 dressing for wounds, etc. A. de Panama, a 
 hemostatic prepared from the leaf-hairs of 
 Micronia mucronata. 
 
 Amalgam (am-aV -gam) {jxaXaypa, a soft mass]. 
 i. A combination of mercury with any other 
 metal. 2. Any soft alloy. A., Dental, com- 
 pounds of a basal alloy of silver and tin 
 with mercury, used for filling teeth. Gold, 
 platinum, copper, zinc, or bismuth is fre- 
 quently added as a third metal to the basal 
 alloy. 
 
 Amalgamation (am-al-gam-a'-shun) [see Amal- 
 gam]. In metallurgy, the process of com- 
 bining mercury with some other metal, as 
 practised in separating silver and gold from 
 ores. 
 
 Amanitin (am-an'-it-in) [duavl-ac, a kind of 
 fungi]. 1. A principle identical with cho- 
 lin, obtained from the fly-agaric. 2. A poi- 
 sonous glucosid obtainable from various spe- 
 cies of agaric. 
 
 Amara (am-a'-ra) [amarus, bitter]. 1. Bitters. 
 2. The bitter alkaloids. 3. [d/iapa, a trench.] 
 A sewer, drain, or stream. In the plural, 
 amarce, the hollows of the outer ear. 
 
 Amaril (am'-ar-il) [Sp., amarillo, yellow]. The 
 poison induced by Bacillus icteroides. 
 
 Amarin (am'-ar-in) [see Amara], C 21 H l8 N 2 , tri- 
 phenyldihydroglyoxalin. It results from boil- 
 ing hydrobenzamid with caustic potash. It 
 has a poisonous effect on animals. 
 
 Amaroids (am'-ah-roids). All distinctly bitter 
 vegetable extractives of definite chemic com- 
 position other than alkaloids and glucosids. 
 Their names end in -in or -inum. Also 
 called "bitter principles." 
 
 Amarum (am-a'-rum) [see Amara]. 1. A 
 bitter. 2. Magnesium sulfate. A., Genuine, 
 magnesium sulfate. A. purum, any simple 
 bitter. 
 
 Amarylism (am' -ar-il-izm) [see Amaril]. Yel- 
 low fever. 
 
 Amasesis (ah-mas-e'-sis) [a, priv.; p.aoT)acc, 
 chewing]. Inability to chew. 
 
 Amastia (ah-mas' -ti-ah) [a, priv.; fiaoxbc, 
 breast]. Absence of the mammas or nipples. 
 
 Amativeness (am'-at-iv-nes) [amare, to love]. 
 The sexual passion. 
 
 Amaurosis (am-au-ro 1 -sis) [d/iavpoecv, to 
 darken]. Blindness, especially that occurring 
 without demonstrable lesion of the eye. Syn., 
 Paropsis amaurosis; Gutta serena; Cataracta 
 nigra. A., Albuminuric, that due to renal 
 disease. A. atonica, that due to physical 
 debility. A. centralis, that due to disorder 
 of the central nervous system. A., Cere- 
 bral, that due to disease of the brain. A. 
 compressionis, cerebral amaurosis caused bv 
 5 
 
 pressure upon the optic nerve. A. conges- 
 tiva, that due to cerebral congestion. A., 
 Epileptiform, A., Epileptoid, sudden blind- 
 ness not confined to epileptics, but considered 
 by some to be epileptic in its nature. Dila- 
 tion of the retinal veins has been noted, 
 but no changes in the retinal arteries have 
 been observed. Syn., Retinal epilepsy; Oph- 
 thalmemicrania. A. ex haemorrhagia, A. ex 
 hyperopsia, an incurable, inexplicable blind- 
 ness occurring suddenly after hemorrhages, 
 especially of the stomach. A. intermittens 
 larvata, a blindness, often unilateral, occur- 
 ring with mild intermittent fever, which is fre- 
 quently followed by atrophy of the optic nerve. 
 A., Intermittent, bilateral amaurosis occur- 
 ring as a complication of intermittent fever. 
 It usually begins with the chill and continues 
 until the sweating stage. A., Progressive, 
 the progressive atrophy of the intraocular 
 optic nerve-endings. A., Reflex, that result- 
 ing from a reflex action upon the optic nerve 
 from some remote source of irritation. A., 
 Saburral, sudden temporary blindness occur- 
 ring in an attack of acute gastritis. A., 
 Spasmodic, blindness due to convulsions. 
 A., Spinal, that caused by atrophy of the 
 optic nerve, due to lateral or multiple sclerosis. 
 Syn., Rachialgic amaurosis. A. sympathica, 
 A., Sympathetic, functional disorder of one 
 eye from reflex transmission of disease of the 
 other eye. 
 
 Amaurotic (am-au-rot'-ik) [see Amaurosis]. 
 Relating to or affected with amaurosis. A. 
 Cat's-eye, a light-reflex through the pupil 
 in suppurative choroiditis. 
 
 Amazia (ah-ma'-ze-ah) [d, priv.; f.ia£oc, the 
 breast]. Absence of the mammary gland. 
 
 Amber (am'-ber). See Succinum. 
 
 Ambergris (am' -her -gr is) [amber; Fr., gris, 
 gray]. A substance excreted by the sperm- 
 whale, Physeter macrocephalus. It is not 
 known whether or not it is a pathologic 
 product. It exhales a fragrant,~musky odor 
 when warmed, and is used in adynamic 
 fevers, chronic catarrh, and nervous diseases. 
 Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Unof. 
 
 Ambidexter (am-bi-deks'-ier) [ambo, both; 
 dexter, the right hand]. An ambidextrous 
 person. 
 
 Ambidextrous (am-bi-deks'-trus) [see Ambi- 
 dexter]. Able to use both hands equally well. 
 
 Ambiopia (am-bi-o'-pe-ah). See Diplopia. 
 
 Ambitus (am'-bit-us) [ambire, to surround]. A 
 circumference. A. cerebelli, Burdach's term 
 for the cerebellum, pons, and oblongata 
 taken together. 
 
 Amblotic (am-blot' -ik) [dfL^XajxcKdc]. Abortifac- 
 ient. 
 
 Amblyopia (am-ble-o'-pe-ah) [dfifiXuc, dulled; 
 u>(l>, eye]. Dimness of vision, especially that 
 not due to refractive errors or organic dis- 
 ease of the eye. It may be congenital or 
 acquired, the acquired being due to the 
 use of tobacco (amblyopia nicotinica), alco- 
 hol, or other toxic influences; to trau- 
 matism; or it may be hysteric. Nyctalopia 
 
AMBOCEPTOID 
 
 50 
 
 AMETRIA 
 
 and hemeralopia are other forms; it may 
 arise from entoptic phenomena, such as muscce 
 volitantes, micropsia, megalopsia, metamor- 
 phopsia, etc. It may take the form of con- 
 tracted fields of vision, of color-blindness, or 
 anesthesia 0} the retina. Syn., Obfuscatio; 
 Offuscatio. A., Crossed, A. cruciata, am- 
 blyopia occurring through lesion of the 
 brain, in which a dimness of vision with 
 contraction of the field of vision exists in 
 the eye on the side opposite to the lesion. 
 A. ex anopsia, amblyopia from disuse or 
 from nonuse. 
 
 Amboceptoid (am-bo-sep'-toid). A degener- 
 ated amboceptor which has lost its binding 
 group (haptophore) on the one hand for 
 the cell, or, on the other hand, for the com- 
 plement. 
 
 Amboceptor (am-bo-sep'-tor) [ambo, both; 
 capere, to receive]. In Ehrlich's lateral or 
 side-chain theory, an immune body having 
 two uniting processes. Syn., Intermediary 
 body (Ehrlich); Copida (Miiller); Sensitizer; 
 Substance sensibilisatrice (Bordet); Desmon 
 (London); Philocytase; Hemotoxic sensitizer 
 (Metchnikoff). 
 
 Ambra {am' -bra) [L.]. 1. Amber. 2. Amber- 
 gris. 3. Spermaceti. A. alba. 1. Sper- 
 maceti. 2. A light-colored amber obtained in 
 Brazil. A. atrum. See A. nigra. A. cin- 
 eracea, A. cineraceus, A. cineria, A. cin- 
 eritia. See Ambergris. A. flava, A. ful- 
 vum. See Succinum. A. nigra, general 
 name for any dark-colored amber or am- 
 bergris or dark, resinous substance; also 
 lignite and jet. 
 
 Ambrosia (am-bro' -zhe-ah) [a^poa'ca, the food 
 of the gods]. A genus of composite-flowered 
 herbs. A. artemisice folia, common hog- 
 weed of North America; stimulant, tonic, 
 antiperiodic, and astringent. A. trifida has 
 properties similar to A. artemisioefolia. The 
 pollen of these plants is by some regarded as 
 a cause of hay-fever. 
 
 Ambulance (am' -bu-lans) [ambidare, to walk 
 about]. In Europe the term is applied to 
 the surgical staff and arrangements of an 
 army in service. In the United States the 
 word is restricted to a vehicle for the trans- 
 ference of the sick or wounded from one 
 place to another. 
 
 Ambulant, Ambulating, Ambulatory (am r - 
 bu-lant, am'-bu-la-ting, am' -bu-la-to-re). Re- 
 lating to walking or changing location; not 
 confined to bed. A. Blister, a blister that 
 changes its location. A. Clinic, a clinic for 
 patients that can walk. A. Erysipelas, ery- 
 sipelas that shifts from place to place. A. 
 Tumor, a pseudotumor. A. Typhoid, walk- 
 ing typhoid; enteric fever in which the 
 patient does not, or will not, take to his 
 bed. 
 
 Ambustion (am-bus'-chun) [ambustio, a barn]. 
 A burn or scald. 
 
 Ameba, Amoeba (am-e'-bah) [d/iotftrj, a 
 change]. A colorless, single-celled, jelly-like, 
 protoplasmic organism found in sea and 
 
 fresh waters, constantly undergoing changes of 
 form and nourishing itself by englobing sur- 
 rounding objects. Amoeba coli, the ameba 
 of dysentery. This is a protoplasmic mass, re- 
 sembling the water ameba, 20 to 30 p. in 
 diameter, and composed of a nucleus and a 
 highly granular protoplasm containing vacu- 
 oles. It is found in large numbers in the 
 stools of certain forms of dysentery, in the 
 intestinal mucous membrane, and at times in 
 the socalled dysenteric abscess of the liver. 
 Whether it is the real cause of the disease 
 is not definitely established. A. -enteritis, 
 chronic enteritis due to invasion of Amceba 
 coli. 
 
 Amebic (am-e'-bik) [see Ameba]. Pertaining 
 to or characterized by amebas. A. Dysen- 
 tery, dysentery associated with the presence 
 in the bowel of Amceba coli. 
 
 Amebism, Amoebism, Amebaism, Amoeba- 
 ism (am'-e-bizm, am-e'-ba-izm) . A pathologic 
 condition due to the invasion of the system 
 by amebas. 
 
 Ameboid (am-e'-boid) [ameba; sldoc, resem- 
 blance]. Resembling an ameba in form or in 
 movement, as the white blood-cells. 
 
 Amebula, Amcebula (am-e'-bu-lah). E. Ray 
 Lankester's name for the amebiform parasite 
 which develops from the exotospore of the 
 malaria parasite. 
 
 Ameburia (am-e-bu' -re-ah) . The occurrence of 
 amebas in the urine. 
 
 Amelia (ah-me'-le-ah) [a, priv.; pkXoe, limb]. 
 Absence of the limbs. 
 
 Amelioration (am-el-yo-ra'-shun) [ad, to; 
 melior, better]. Improvement. 
 
 Ameloblast (am-eV -o-blast) [Anglo - French, 
 amel, enamel; [IXaoxbc, a germ] An en- 
 amel-cell, one of the cylindric cells cover- 
 ing the papilla of the enamel organ of the 
 teeth, and forming a beautifully regular epi- 
 thelial layer that produces the enamel. 
 
 Amelus (am'-el-us) [a, priv.; piXoc, limb]. A 
 monstrosity without limbs. 
 
 Amenia iah-me' -ne-ah) . See Amenorrhea. 
 
 Amenorrhea (ah-men-or-e'-ah) [a, priv.; prjv, 
 month; pe'cv, to flow]. Abnormal absence 
 of menstruation. Syn., Paramenia obstruc- 
 tions; Amenia. A., Ovarian, A. /Radical, 
 that due to nonovulation. A., Physiologic, 
 absence of menstruation during pregnancy. 
 A., Primitive, a term applied to those cases 
 in which the catamenia have not appeared 
 at the proper time. A., Secondary, that 
 in which the discharge has been arrested 
 after it has existed during the reproductive 
 period. 
 
 Amenorrheal (ah-men-or-e'-al) [see Amenor- 
 rhea]. Pertaining to amenorrhea. 
 
 Amentia (ah-men' -she-ah) [a, priv.; mens, 
 mind]. Defective intellect; idiocy. 
 
 Ameristic (ah-mer-is'-tik) [a, priv.; pipoc, a 
 part]. Not segmented. 
 
 Amesiality (ah-me-ze-al' -it-e) . The throwing 
 of a part, as the pelvis, to one side of the 
 mesial line of the figure. 
 
 Ametria (ah-mei' -re-ah) [a, priv.; prjrpa, 
 
AMETROMETER 
 
 51 
 
 AMMONIA 
 
 womb], i. Absence of the uterus. 2. [d, 
 priv.; (jthpov, a measure.] Immoderation; 
 asymmetry. 
 
 Ametrometer (ah-met-rom'-et-er) [a, priv.; 
 pkxpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
 measuring ametropia. 
 
 Ametropia (ah-met-ro' -pe-ah) [a, priv.; {ikrpov, 
 a measure; o<pcg, sight]. The condition 
 when an imperfect image is formed upon the 
 retina, due to defective refractive power of 
 the media or to abnormities of form of the 
 eye. In myopia the anteroposterior diam- 
 eter is too great or the power of the refractive 
 media is too great; hyperopia (or hypermet- 
 ropia) is the exact reverse; astigmatism is 
 due to imperfect curvature of the cornea 
 or of the retina, or to inequality of refract- 
 ing power in different parts of the lens; 
 presbyopia is due to inelasticity of the lens, 
 producing insufficient accommodation; apha- 
 kia, or absence of the lens, produces both in- 
 sufficient refracting power and loss of accom- 
 modation. 
 
 Ametropic (ah-met-rop'-ik) [see Ametropia]. 
 Affected with or pertaining to ametropia. 
 
 Ametrous {ah-mef -rus) [d, priv.; prjrpa, womb]. 
 Lacking a uterus. 
 
 Amianthinopsy {am-i-an-thin-op'-se). [a, 
 priv.; cavdcvoc, violet-colored; o^cc, sight]. 
 Violet-blindness; incapacity to distinguish 
 violet rays. 
 
 Amici's Disc, A.'s Stria. See Krause's Disc. 
 
 Amid (am'-id) [ammonia]. A chemic com- 
 pound produced by the substitution of an 
 acid radicle for one or more of the hydrogen 
 atoms of ammonia. The amids are primary, 
 secondary, or tertiary, according as 1, 2, or 
 3 hydrogen atoms have been so replaced. 
 They are white, crystalline solids, often 
 capable of combining with both acids and 
 bases. A. Bases. See Amin, Primary. 
 
 Amidin (am'-id-in) [Fr., amidon, starch]. 1. 
 Starch altered by heat into a horny, transpa- 
 rent mass; soluble starch; the part of starch 
 that is soluble in water. 2. [ammonia .] 
 One of a class of monacid bases produced 
 from the nitrites by heating with ammonium 
 chlorid. In the free condition they are quite 
 unstable. They contain the group C . NH .- 
 NH 2 . 
 
 Amidoacetic Acid {am-id-o-as-e' -tik) . See 
 Glycocoll and Glycin. 
 
 Amidoacetophenetidin (am-id-o-as-et-o-fe-ne? - 
 id-in). See Phenocoll. 
 
 Amidoacid {am-id-o-as' -id) [ammonia; acetum, 
 vinegar]. An acid containing the amido-group 
 NH 2 . 
 
 Amidocaffein (am-id-o-kaf'-e-in), C 8 H 9 (NH 2 )- 
 N 4 0. Fine acicular crystals obtained by 
 heating bromcaffein with alcoholic ammonia. 
 
 Amidogen {am-id' -o-jen) [amid; yevvav, to pro- 
 duce]. The hypothetic radicle, NH 2 , regarded 
 as an essential part of all amids. See 
 Amid. 
 Amidoguaiacol {am-id-o-gwi'-ak-ol). A pro- 
 duct of acetoanisidin by nitration and re- 
 duction. It melts at 184 C. The salts are 
 
 employed in the preparation of colors and 
 medicines. 
 
 Amidosuccinamic Acid {am-id-o-suk-sin-am' '- 
 ik). Same as A spar agin. 
 
 Amidosulfonal {am-id-o-sul'-fon-al). Amido- 
 acetone ethyldisulfon, a sedative. 
 
 Amidulin {am-id' -u-lin) [see Amidin]. Soluble 
 starch; prepared by the action of H 2 S0 4 
 on starch, thus removing the starch-cellulose. 
 
 Amimia {ah-mim' -i-ah) [a, priv.; pipoc, a 
 mimic]. Loss of the power of imitation or 
 of making gestures. 
 
 Amin (am' -in) [ammonia]. The amins are 
 chemic compounds produced by the substi- 
 tution of a basic atom or radicle for one or 
 more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia; or 
 basic derivatives of carbon, containing ni- 
 trogen and viewed as ammonia derivatives. 
 In deportment they bear some similarity to 
 ammonia. The lower members are gases with 
 ammoniacal odor, and are readily soluble in 
 water; they differ from ammonia in their 
 combustibility. The highest members are 
 liquids soluble in water; only the highest are 
 sparingly soluble. They are called mon- 
 amins, diamins, triamins, etc., according to 
 the number of amidogen molecules, NH 2 , 
 substituted for H. A., Primary, an amin 
 in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by 
 a univalent alkyl. A., Secondary, an 
 amin in which two hydrogen atoms are re- 
 placed by univalent alkyls. A., Tertiary, 
 an amin in which three hydrogen atoms are 
 replaced by univalent alkyls. 
 
 Arninol {am'-in-ol) [amin]. A gaseous sub- 
 stance derived from the methylamin of her- 
 ring-brine mixed with milk of lime. It is 
 disinfectant, and has been used in the puri- 
 fication of sewage. 
 
 Amitosis {ah-mit-o' -sis) [a, priv.; p'croc, a 
 thread]. Cell-multiplication by direct divi- 
 sion or simple cleavage. 
 
 Amitotic {ah-mit-ot'-ik) [see Amitosis]. Of 
 the nature of, or characterized by, amitosis. 
 A. Cell-division, direct cell-division, as dis- 
 tinguished from karyokinesis. 
 
 Ammic {am'-ik). See Ammoniac. 
 
 Ammonemia {am-o-ne' -me-ah) . The supposed 
 presence of ammonium carbonate in the 
 blood. 
 
 Ammonia {am-o'-ni-ah) [from the name of 
 Jupiter Amnion, from the neighborhood of 
 whose temple in Libya ammonium chlorid 
 was obtained]. A colorless, pungent gas, 
 NH3, very soluble in water. The prepara- 
 tions of ammonia are used as antacids and 
 as gastric and cardiac stimulants, in head- 
 ache, hysteria, etc. It is a stimulant to the 
 heart, and, in its elimination through the 
 lungs, stimulates and liquefies the bronchial 
 secretion. Ammonia?, Aqua (U. S. P.), 
 water of ammonia, a solution containing 10 % 
 of the gas in water. Dose 5 min.-J dr. 
 (0.3-2.0 Cc), well diluted. Ammonias, 
 Aqua,Fortior (U. S. P.), contains 28% of 
 the gas in solution. Ammonias, Linimen- 
 tum (U. S. P.), ammonia-water, 35; cot- 
 
AMMONIAC 
 
 52 
 
 AMMONIUM 
 
 ton-seed oil, 60; alcohol, 5%. Ammonias, 
 Spiritus (U . S . P .) , a 1 o % solution of ammonia- 
 water in alcohol. Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65- 
 4.0 Cc), diluted. Ammoniae, Spiritus, Ar- 
 omaticus (U. S. P.), aromatic spirit of am- 
 monia, an alcoholic solution of ammonium 
 carbonate flavored with lemon, lavender, and 
 pimenta. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Ammoniac {am-o f -ne-ak) . See Ammoniacum. 
 
 Ammoniacal {am-o-ni' -ak-al) [ammonia]. 
 Containing or relating to ammonia. 
 
 Ammoniacum {am-o-ni' -ak-um) [ammonia']. 
 Ammoniac* A gum obtained from a Persian 
 plant, Dorema ammoniacum. It is a stimulat- 
 ing expectorant and laxative, resembling asafe- 
 tida, employed in chronic bronchial affections. 
 Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). Unof. Am- 
 moniaci cum Hydrargyro, Emplastrum, 
 ammoniac, 72; mercury, 18%, with sulfur, 
 acetic acid, and oil, q. s. Unof. Ammoniaci, 
 Emplastrum, 100 parts of ammoniac di- 
 gested with 140 parts of acetic acid, diluted, 
 strained, and evaporated. Unof. Ammon- 
 iaci, Emulsum, a 4 % emulsion in water. 
 Dose §-1 oz. (15-30 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Ammoniameter {am-o-ni-am' -et-er) [ammonia; 
 likxpov, a measure]. An instrument for test- 
 ing the strength of ammonia solutions. 
 
 Ammoniated {am-o f -ni-a-ted) [ammonia]. 
 Combined with ammonia. 
 
 Ammonium {am-o' -ni-um) [ammonia]. A 
 hypothetic univalent alkaline base, having 
 the composition NH 4 . It exists only in com- 
 bination. A. Acetate, Liquor of {liquor 
 ammonii acetatis, U. S. P.), spirit of min- 
 dererus, dilute acetic acid neutralized with 
 ammonia. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (3.75-30.0 Cc). 
 A. Anacardate, an ammonium compound of 
 the resinous acids of cashew-nut. It is a 
 doughy mass, soluble in alcohol, and used 
 as a hair-dye. A. Arsenate, (NH 4 ) 2 HAs0 4 . 
 It is used as an alterative in skin diseases. 
 Dose \ gr. (0.03 Gm.), gradually increased, 
 3 times daily. A. Benzoate {ammonii ben- 
 zoas, U. S. P.), NH 4 C 7 H 5 2 . Dose 5-15 gr. 
 (0.32-1.0 Gm.). A. Bisulfate, NH 4 HS0 4 . 
 Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). A. Bisul- 
 fite, NH 4 HS0 3 . It is antiseptic and used 
 internally in fermentive dyspepsia, externally 
 in skin diseases. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 
 Gm.). A. Bitartrate, NH 4 HC 4 H 4 6 , a white, 
 crystalline acid powder. It is used in the 
 manufacture of baking-powder. A. Borate, 
 2 (NH 4 HB 2 4 ) + 3H 2 0, used in renal colic; in 
 combination with codein it is used in tuberculo- 
 sis of the lungs. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 
 Gm.) every hour in water with licorice. A. 
 Borobenzoate, an intestinal antiseptic. A. 
 Bromid {ammonii bromidum, U. S. P.), NH 4 Br, 
 used in epilepsy, cough, and rheumatism. 
 Dose 10 gr.-4 dr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). A. Car- 
 bamate, NH 4 NH 2 C0 2 , a white, crystalline, 
 volatile powder, stimulant, a reaction-pro- 
 duct of carbon dioxid and ammonia gas. 
 Syn., Ammonium carbonate anhydrid. A. Car- 
 bazotate. See A. Picrate. A. Carbolate, 
 C 6 H 5 . NH 4 , antiseptic and antipyretic 
 
 Dose 2—6 gr. (o 13-0.4 Gm.). Syn., Ammoni- 
 um phsnate; Ammonium phenylate. A. Car- 
 bonate {ammonii carbonas, U. S. P.), C 2 H U - 
 N 3 O s , a compound of ammonium and car- 
 bonic acid. It is a stimulant expectorant 
 and cardiac stimulant. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32- 
 0.65 Gm.). A. Chlorid {ammonii chloridum, 
 U. S. P.), NH 4 C1, sal ammoniac, is used in 
 bronchitis, rheumatism, and liver disease. 
 Dose 1-20 gr. (0.065-1.3 Gm.). A. Chlorid, 
 Troches of {irochisci ammonii chloridi, U. 
 S. P.), each lozenge contains 2 gr. (0.13 
 Gm.) of the salt. A. Embelate, the am- 
 monium salt of embellic acid, NH 4 C 9 Hi 3 2 . 
 It is a teniacide. Dose for children 3 gr. 
 (0.2 Gm.); for. adults 6 gr. (0.4 Gm.). A. 
 Fluorid, used in enlargement of the spleen. 
 Dose 2 1 ! - ! g r - (0.003-0.032 Gm.). It is 
 recommended in dyspeptic flatulence, 16 
 gr. (1 Gm.) dissolved in 10 oz. (300 Cc.) 
 of distilled water; 1 tablespoonful after 
 each meal. A. Formate, NH 4 CHO z , used 
 in chronic paralvsis. Dose 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). 
 A. Glycerinophosphate, (NH 4 ) 2 P0 4 C 3 H 5 - 
 (OH) 2 , soluble in water. It is used in neu- 
 rasthenia, Addison's disease, etc. Dose 
 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 Gm.) several times daily. 
 A. Glycyrrhizate, an expectorant. Unof. 
 A. Hypophosphite, NH 4 PH 2 2 + H 2 0, white, 
 laminate crystals, soluble in water. Dose 10-30 
 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.) 3 times daily. A. lodid 
 {ammonii iodidum, U. S. P.), NH 4 I. Dose 
 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). A. Nitrate, NH 4 - 
 N0 3 , used in preparing nitrous oxid. A. 
 Persulfate, (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 8 , colorless crystals, 
 soluble in water with turbidity. It is a 
 disinfectant and deodorizer. Application, 0.5 
 to 2 % solution. A. Phosphate, (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 . 
 Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). A. Phos- 
 phate, Dibasic, (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 . Used in rheu- 
 matism and gout. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 
 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily in J oz. water. A. 
 Picrate, C 6 H 2 (NH 4 )(N0 2 ) 3 0, a salt in yellow 
 needles, of bitter taste; like other picrates, 
 it is explosive, and must be handled with care. 
 It is antipyretic and antiperiodic, and tends to 
 correct gastric disturbances. Dose 5 gr. (0.32 
 Gm.) in 24 hours. Syn., Ammonium car- 
 bazotate. A. Salicylate {ammonii salicylas, 
 U. S. P.), NH 4 C 7 H 5 3 , an antirheumatic, 
 antipyretic germicide and expectorant. 
 Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). A. Silico- 
 fluorid, 2NH 4 F . SiF 4 , an energetic antisep- 
 tic and reconstituent. It is used by inhal- 
 ation in diseases of the nose and throat. 
 A. Succinate, (NH 4 )C 4 H 4 4 ; recommended, 
 1 part in 120 parts of water, as a specific 
 in colic. Dose 1 tablespoonful every 15 
 minutes. A. Sulfate, (NH 4 ),S0 4 , used in 
 the preparation of other ammonium salts. 
 A. Sulfite, (NH 4 ) 2 SO s , an antiseptic used 
 in fermentive dyspepsia. Dose 5-20 gr. 
 (0.3-1.3 Gm.). Applied externally in skin 
 diseases, 1 part in 10 parts of water. A. 
 Sulfocarbolate, NH 4 C 6 H 4 HS0 4 , antiseptic. 
 Dose 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.3 Gm.). A. Sulfo- 
 ricinate, brown, ointment-like masses, solu- 
 
 
AMMONIURIA 
 
 53 
 
 AMPHIASTER 
 
 ble in alcohol and water. It is antiseptic 
 and deodorant, and applied in 20% solution 
 in skin diseases or on ulcerated mucous 
 membranes. A. Tartrate, (NH 4 ) 2 C 4 H 4 6 , 
 clear crystals, soluble in water. It is an 
 expectorant. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.3-2.0 Gm.). 
 A. Thiosulfate, (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 3 , soluble in water; 
 antiseptic. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.3-2.0 Gm.) in 
 water. A. Tungstate, fine white crystalline 
 powder or needles, soluble in water. A. 
 Urate, (NH 4 )C 5 H 3 N 4 ? , white crystalline 
 powder, slightly soluble in water. It is anti- 
 septic and used in 4 % ointment in chronic 
 eczema. Ammonium urate occurs in alka- 
 line urine and at times in urinary calculi. 
 A. Valerate, NH 4 C 5 H 9 2 , is used as a sedative 
 in hysteria. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
 Ammoniuria {am-o-ni-u 1 '-re-ah) [ammonia; 
 oupov, urine]. A condition marked by ex- 
 cess of ammonia in the urine. 
 Ammonol {am'-on-ol), C 6 H 5 NH 2 . A proprie- 
 tary remedy said to be ammoniated phenyl- 
 acetamid; pale-yellow crystals, said to be 
 analgesic and antipyretic. Dose 5-20 gr. 
 (0.3-1.3 Gm.). A. Salicylate, a remedy 
 for headache. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 
 Ammotherapy {am-o-ther'-a-pe) [d/ip.oc, sand; 
 depaizeuetv, to heal]. The use of sand-baths in 
 the treatment of disease. 
 Amnesia {am-ne' -se-ah) [duvrjoca, forgetfulness]. 
 Loss of memory, especially of the ideas repre- 
 sented by words. A., Auditory, word-deaf- 
 ness. A., Retroanterograde, a perversion 
 of memory in which recent events are referred 
 to a far-removed past, while the occurrences 
 of the remote past seem recent. A., Retro- 
 grade, loss of memory for incidents and events 
 which occurred a shorter or longer time before 
 the attack of the disease. Besides that which 
 may result from severe infectious disease or 
 from epilepsy, it may be due to trauma or to 
 hysteria. A., Visual, word-blindness, or in- 
 ability to recognize printed or written words. 
 Amnesic {am-ne' -sik) . Relating to amnesia. 
 
 A. Aphasia. See Amnesia. 
 Amniochorial {am-ne-o-ko' '-re-al) [amnion; jo- 
 pcov, a membrane]. Pertaining to both amnion 
 and chorion. 
 Amniocleptic, Amnioclepticous {am-ne-o- 
 klep'-tik, -us) [amnion; kXztzteiv, to steal away]. 
 Relating to the unmarked escape of the liquor 
 amnii. 
 Amnion {am'-ne-on) [dpj'tov , a young lamb]. 
 The innermost of the fetal membranes; it is 
 continuous with the fetal epidermis at the um- 
 bilicus, forming a complete sheath for the 
 umbilical cord and a sac or bag in which the 
 fetus is inclosed. It contains one or two 
 pints of liquor amnii. It is a double, non- 
 vascular membrane, the inner layer or sac 
 derived from the epiblast, the outer from the 
 mesoblast. The cavity of the inner folds is 
 called the true amnion, that of the outer, the 
 false. Syn., Agnina membrana; Agnina pel- 
 licula; Membrana agnina; Agnina tunica; 
 Abgas; Abghas. A., Dropsy of, excessive 
 secretion of liquor amnii. 
 
 Amnionic {am-ne-on'-ik) [amnion]. Relating to 
 the amnion. 
 
 Amniorrhea {am-ne-o-re' -ah) [amnion; po'ca, 
 a flow]. The discharge of the liquor amnii. 
 
 Amniotic {am-ne-of -ik) [amnion]. Relating to 
 the amnion. A. Cavity, the sac of the am- 
 nion. A. Fluid, the liquor amnii. See Amnion. 
 
 Amoeba {am-e'-bah). See Ameba. 
 
 Amoeboid {am-e'-boid). See Ameboid. 
 
 Amomum (am-o'-mum) [a/iojfiov, an Eastern 
 spice plant]. A genus of scitaminaceous 
 plants to which the cardamom (A. cardamo- 
 mum) and "grains of paradise" {A. granum 
 paradisi) belong. 
 
 Amor {am' -or) [L.]. Love. A. insanus. See 
 Erotomania. A. sui, love of self; vanity. 
 A. veneris, Columbus' term for the clitoris. 
 
 Amorpha (ah-mor j'-ah) [a, priv.; fiopcb-f), shape]. 
 1. A cutaneous eruption having no definite 
 form. 2. A macula. 3. Apparent diseases 
 in which no lesions can be discovered. 4. 
 Intertrigo. A. infantilis, A. lactantium, 
 infantile intertrigo. A. vulgaris, intertrigo. 
 
 Amorphia {ah-mor' -fe-ah) [see Amorpha]. 
 Shapeless condition. 
 
 Amorphism {ah-mor'-fizm) [see Amorpha]. 
 The state of being amorphous or without 
 shape; want of crystalline structure. 
 
 Amorphous {ah-mor' -fus) [see Amorpha]. 
 Formless; shapeless; not crystalline. 
 
 Ampelotherapy (am-pel-o-ther'-a-pe) [a/xneX^oc, 
 a grape-vine; OepaKsuecv, to heal]. The 
 grape-cure {q. v.). 
 
 Amperage (am-par'-ahj) [Ampere, a French 
 physicist]. The number of amperes passing 
 in a given circuit. 
 
 Ampere {am' -par) [see Amperage]. A unit of 
 measurement of an electric current. It is 
 the electromotive force of one volt produced 
 in a circuit having one ohm of resistance. 
 
 Amperemeter {am-pdr' -me-ter) [ampere; p.h- 
 pov, a measure]. An instrument for esti- 
 mating the strength of the current of an elec- 
 tric circuit in amperes. 
 
 Amphemeros, Amphemerus {am-fem'-er-os, 
 -tis). 1. Quotidian. 2. A quotidian fever. 
 
 Amphiarkyochrome {am -fe-ar'-ke-o-krom) 
 [d[irf>(, both; apuuc, net; xpaj[xa, color]. A term 
 applied by Nissl to a nerve-cell the stainable 
 portion of whose cell-body is in the form of 
 a pale network, the nodal points of which are 
 joined by an intensely staining network. 
 
 Amphiarthrosis {am-fe-ar -thro' -sis) [am phi-; 
 dpdpov, a joint]. A form of mixed articulation 
 in which the surfaces of the bones are con- 
 nected by broad discs of fibrocartilage or else 
 are covered with fibro- 
 cartilage and connected 
 by external ligaments. It 
 is distinguished by lim- 
 ited flexion in every direc- 
 tion, as, e.g., between the 
 vertebras. 
 Amphiaster {am'-fe-as-ter) 
 [amphi-; darrjp, a star]. 
 The figure formed in in- 
 
 AMPHIASTER IN AN i- ^ ii j- • • 1 ,1 
 
 Ovarian Egg. direct cell-division by the 
 
AMPHIBIA 
 
 54 
 
 AMPULLA 
 
 achromatin threads and chromatin granules 
 united to form the socalled nuclear spindle, 
 together with the threads of cell-protoplasm 
 radiating from a rounded clear space at 
 each end of the spindle, known as the stars 
 or suns. 
 Amphibia (am-fib'-e-ah) [am phi-; p'coc, life]. A 
 class of the Vertebrata, living both in the 
 water and upon the land, as the frog, 
 newt, etc. 
 Amphibious (am-fib'-e-us) [see Amphibia]. 
 
 Living both on land and in water. 
 Amphiblastic (am-fe-blas'-iik) [am phi-; ftXaozoc, 
 a germ]. Pertaining to that form of complete 
 segmentation that gives rise to an amphi- 
 blastula. 
 Amphiblastula (am-fe-blas'-tu-lah) [am phi-; 
 bias tula, dim. of fiAaaroc, a germ]. The 
 mulberry -mass or morula-stage in the develop- 
 ment of a holo- 
 3, blastic egg. It 
 follows the 
 stage known as 
 amphimorula. 
 Amphibolia(awz- 
 }e-bo'-le-ah) 
 [ajK^cfioXca, un- 
 certainty]. The 
 vacillating pe- 
 •L riod of a fever 
 or disease. 
 Amphibolic (aw- 
 fe-bol'-ik) [see 
 Amphib olia]. 
 Uncertain; 
 doubtful. Ap- 
 plied to a pe- 
 riod in the fe- 
 brile process occurring between the fastigium 
 and the defervescence, and marked by exa- 
 cerbations and remissions. 
 Amphicrania (am-fe-kra'-ne-ah) [amphi-; upav- 
 cov, the skull]. Headache affecting both sides 
 of the head. 
 Amphicreatin {am-Je-kre' -at-in) [amphi-; Kpkag, 
 flesh], C 7 H 19 X 7 4 . One of the muscle-leu- 
 komains. It crystallizes in brilliant oblique 
 prisms of a yellowish-white color, and is 
 faintly basic. 
 Amphicreatinin (am-fe-kre-at r -in-in) [see Am- 
 phicreatin], C 9 H 10 X 7 Oj,. A member of the 
 creatinin group of leukomains derived from 
 muscle. 
 Amphicroic {am-Je-kro'-ik) [amphi-; npouecv, to 
 test]. Having the power to turn blue litmus- 
 paper red and red litmus-paper blue. 
 Amphidiarthrosis {am-je-di-ar-thro' -sis) [am- 
 phi-; dcapdpojocc, articulation]. The articu- 
 lation of the lower jaw, as it partakes of 
 the nature both of ginglymus and of arth- 
 rodia. 
 Amphigony (am-fig'-o-ne) [amphi-; ybvoc, off- 
 spring]. The sexual process in its broadest 
 sense; gamogenesis. 
 Amphimicrobian (am-fe-mi-hro'-be-an) [am- 
 phi-; ptiKpof, small; ficoc, life]. Both aero- 
 bian and anaerobian. 
 
 Amphtblastula. — (A Her Balfour.) 
 a. Granular cells which will form 
 the epibla=t. b. Ciliated cells 
 which become invaginated to form 
 the hypoblast. 
 
 Amphimixis {am-fi-miks' -is) [amphi-; /*Jc.'f, 
 mixing]. The mingling of two individuals or 
 their germs; sexual reproduction. 
 
 Amphimorula (am -}e- mor'- u - lah) [amphi-; 
 morula, a mulberry]. The morula, or globu- 
 lar mass of cleavage cells resulting from un- 
 equal segmentation, the cells of the hemi- 
 spheres being unlike in size. 
 
 Amphistoma (am-fis'-to-mah) [amphi-; arbp.a, 
 mouth]. A genus of trematode worms, named 
 from the mouth-like apparatus at either end. 
 One species, A. hominis, has been found in 
 the large intestine of man. 
 
 Amphitrichous (am-fit'-rik-us) [amphi-; dp'cq, a 
 hair]. Applied to the type of flagellation in 
 bacteria in which there is a single flagellum 
 at each pole. 
 
 Amphodiplopia (am-}o-dip-lo'-pe-ah) [dp.(jiio, 
 both; oc-Aooc, double; axp, eye]. Double 
 vision affecting each of the eyes. 
 
 Amphophil, Amphophilous (am'-fo-fil, am- 
 fof'-il-us) [afx<f)a>, both; <pch~cv, to love]. 
 Readily stainable alike with acid and with 
 basic dyes. 
 
 Amphoric (am-for' -ik) [amphora, a vase with 
 two handles]. Resembling the sound pro- 
 duced by blowing across the mouth of a 
 bottle. A. Breathing, breath-sounds with 
 musical quality heard in diseased conditions 
 of the lung, especially in pulmonary tuber- 
 culosis with cavity-formation. A. Reso- 
 nance, in ■ auscultation, a metallic sound 
 like that of blowing into a bottle, caused 
 by the reverberation of sound in a cavity 
 of the lung. A. Respiration. See A . Breath- 
 ing. 
 
 Amphorophony {am -for - of- o - ne) [amphora; 
 (fxovj), a sound]. An amphoric resonance or 
 sound. 
 
 Amphoteric, Amphoterous {am-fo-ter'-ik, am- 
 fot'-er-us) [dp.(J)6-£poi, both of two]. Double- 
 sided; having the power of altering the 
 color of both red and blue litmus test-paper; 
 a condition sometimes presented by the 
 urine. 
 
 Amplification (am-plij-ik-a' -shwi) [amplificare, 
 to enlarge]. In microscopy, increase of the 
 visual area. 
 
 Amplifier (am'-ple-fi-er) [see Amplification]. 
 An apparatus used in microscopy for in- 
 creasing the magnification. It consists of a 
 diverging lens or combination placed be- 
 tween the objective and the ocular, and 
 gives to the image-forming rays from the 
 objective an increased divergence. 
 
 Amplitude (am r -ple-tud) [ampins, broad]. The 
 range or extent, as of vibrations and un- 
 dulations, the pulse-wave, etc. 
 
 Ampulla {am-puV -alt) [L., "a Roman wine- 
 jug"], i. The trumpet-mouthed or dilated 
 extremity of a canal, as of the lacrimal canal, 
 the receptaculum chyli, the fallopian tubes, 
 mammary ducts, semicircular canals, vas de- 
 ferens, etc. 2. A bulla or blister. A. chyli, 
 the receptaculum chyli. A., Galen's, a dila- 
 tion of the vena magna galeni, occurring 
 in the middle of Bichat's fissure, between 
 
AMPULLACEOUS 
 
 the splenium and the quadrigeminal bodies. 
 It receives the two basilar and several small 
 cerebral and cerebellar veins. A., Henle's. 
 i. The fusiform dilation of the vas de- 
 ferens near its junction with the seminal 
 vesicle. 2. The expanded outer half of the 
 fallopian tube. A., Lieberkuhn's, the cecal 
 terminus of one of the lacteals in the villi 
 of the intestine. A. lorenzini, the dilated 
 internal end of Lorenzini's tubes. A. of 
 Rectum, the portion above the perineal 
 flexure. A. of Vater, a depression in the 
 internal and posterior wall of the descend- 
 ing portion of the duodenum, into which 
 the ductus communis choledochus and the 
 pancreatic duct open. 
 
 Ampullaceous {am-pul-a'-shus). 1. Flask- 
 shaped; big-bellied; gibbous. 2. Relating to 
 an ampulla. 3. Attended with the forma- 
 tion of bullas or blebs. 
 
 Amputation (am-pu-ta'-shuri) [amputare, to 
 cut away]. The removal of a limb or any 
 projecting part of the body. Amputation 
 may be by the knife, ligature, or other means, 
 or it may be the result of pathologic processes, 
 as gangrene, constriction {e. g., of the cord 
 in the fetus). A., Accidental, the separa- 
 tion of a limb by some form of accident. 
 A., Bloodless, one in which there is but 
 slight loss of blood, on account of the cir- 
 culation being controlled by mechanic means. 
 A., Central, one in which the scar is situ- 
 ated at or near the center of the stump. 
 A., Circular, that performed by making a 
 single flap, by circular sweeps of a long knife, 
 through skin and muscles, in a direction ver- 
 tical to the long axis of the limb. A., Cir- 
 cular Skin-flap, a modification of the cir- 
 cular, in which the skin-flap is dissected up, 
 and the muscles divided at a higher level. 
 A., Coat-sleeve, a modification of the circular, 
 in which the cutaneous flap is made very 
 long, the end being closed by being gathered 
 together by means of a tape. A., Congen- 
 ital, amputation of fetal portions, due to 
 constriction by bands of lymph. A., Con- 
 secutive, an amputation during the period 
 of suppuration or later. A. in the Con- 
 tiguity, amputation at a joint. A. in the 
 Continuity, amputation of a limb elsewhere 
 than at a joint. A., Cutaneous, one in 
 which the flaps are composed exclusively of 
 the integuments. A., Diclastic, one in which 
 the bone is broken with an osteoclast and 
 the soft tissues divided by means of an ecra- 
 seur. Its object is to avoid hemorrhage and 
 purulent infection. A., Double Flap, one in 
 which two flaps are formed from the soft 
 tissues. A., Dry. See A., Bloodless. A., 
 Eccentric, one in which the scar is situated 
 away from the center of the stump. A., 
 Elliptic, one that may be performed by a 
 single sweep, as in the circular method; the 
 wound, however, haying an elliptic outline, 
 on account of the oblique direction of the 
 incision. A. of Expediency, one performed 
 for cosmetic effect. A., Flap, one in which 
 
 55 
 
 AMUSIA 
 
 one or more flaps are made from the soft 
 tissues, the division being made obliquely. 
 A., Flapless, one in which, on account of 
 destruction of the soft parts, flaps cannot be 
 formed, the wound healing by granulation. 
 A., Galvanocaustic, one in which the soft 
 parts are divided with the galvanocautery, 
 followed by division of the bone by the saw. 
 A., Immediate, one done within 12 hours 
 after the injury, during the period of shock. 
 A., Intermediary, A., Intermediate, A., In- 
 trapyretic, one performed during the period 
 of reaction and before suppuration. A., In- 
 trauterine. See A., Congenital. A., Major, 
 amputation of an extremity above the wrist- 
 or ankle-joint. A., Mediate. See A., Inter- 
 mediary. A., Mediotarsal. 1. Chopart's 
 amputation. See Operation, Chopart's. 2. 
 An amputation through the tarsus, preserv- 
 ing the scaphoid bone. A., Minor, am- 
 putation of a small part, as a finger. A., 
 Mixed, a combination of the circular and 
 flap methods. A., Multiple, amputation of 
 two or more members at the same time. 
 A., Musculocutaneous, one in which the 
 flaps consist of skin and muscle. A., Mus- 
 culotegumentary. See A., Musculocuta- 
 neous. A., Natural. See A., Congenital. A., 
 Oblique. See A., Oval. A., Osteoplastic, 
 one in which there are section and apposi- 
 tion of portions of bone in addition to the 
 amputation. A., Oval, a modification of the 
 elliptic, in which the incision consists of two 
 reversed spirals instead of the one oblique. 
 A., Partial. 1. One in which but a portion 
 of the extremity is removed. 2. An incom- 
 plete congenital amputation. A., Patho- 
 logic, one done for tumor or other diseased 
 condition. A., Primary, one done after the 
 period of shock and before the occurrence of 
 inflammation. A., Racket, a variety of the 
 oval amputation in which there is a single 
 longitudinal incision continuous below with 
 a spiral incision on either side of the limb. 
 A., Secondary, one performed during the 
 period of suppuration. A., Spontaneous. 
 See A., Congenital. It also occurs in the 
 disease, ainhum. A., Subastragalar, a par- 
 tial amputation of the foot, leaving only the 
 astragalus. A., Subperiosteal, one in the 
 continuity, the cut end of the bone being 
 covered by periosteal flaps. A., Supracon- 
 dylar. See Operation, GrittVs. A., Syn- 
 chronous. See A., Multiple. A., Tertiary, 
 that performed after the inflammatory reaction 
 stage has passed. A. by Transfixion, one 
 done by thrusting a long knife completely 
 through a limb and cutting the flaps from 
 within out. 
 Amusia (ah-mu 1 '-se-ah) [a, priv.; fiouoa, muse]. 
 Loss of the ability to produce or compre- 
 hend music or musical sounds; an abnor- 
 mity as regards music analogous to aphasia 
 as regards the faculty of speech. A., Motor, 
 that in which music is understood, but the 
 power of singing or otherwise reproducing 
 music is lost. A., Sensory, musical deaf- 
 
AMUSSAT'S VALVES 
 
 56 
 
 AMYL 
 
 ness, or the loss of the power of compre- 
 hension of musical sounds. 
 
 Amussat's Valves. See Heister's Valves. 
 
 Arnussis {am-us'-is) [L., " a carpenter's rule or 
 level"; pi., amusses]. One of two portions 
 into which a median fissure divides the pos- 
 terior commissure of the brain. 
 
 Amyctic {am-ik'-tik) [duuKTinoc, mangling], i. 
 Caustic; irritating. 2. A caustic or corrosive 
 drug. 
 
 Amyelencephalia {ah-mi-el-en-sef-a' -le-ah) [d, 
 priv.; jiuskoc, marrow; /isfiaArj, the head]. 
 Absence of both brain and spinal cord. 
 
 Amyelia {ah-mi-e' -le-ah) [a, priv.; /xu£?<6<;, 
 marrow]. Absence of the spinal cord. 
 
 Amyelic {ah-mi-e' -lik) [see Amyelia]. Relat- 
 ing to amyelia. 
 
 Amyelinic {ah - mi - el - in' -ik). Without my- 
 elin. 
 
 Amyelonic {ah-mi-el-on' -ik) . 1. Amyelic. 2. 
 Without marrow. 
 
 Amyelotrophy {ah-mi-el-of -ro-fe) [a, priv.; 
 fiueXoc, marrow; ~po<f>r), nourishment]. 
 Atrophy of the spinal cord. 
 
 Amyelus {ah-mi' -el-us) [d, priv.; jiueAoc, 
 marrow]. A fetal monstrosity with partial 
 or complete absence of the spinal cord. 
 
 Amygdalitis (am-ig-dal-i' '-lis) [amygdala; tree, 
 inflammation]. Tonsillitis. 
 
 Amygdaloid {am - ig' - dal - oid) {amygdala; 
 eldoc, form]. Resembling an almond. A. 
 Fossa, the depression for the lodgment 
 of the tonsil. A. Tubercle, a projection of 
 gray matter at the end of the descending 
 cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 It is attached to the temporal lobe, and 
 appears to be nearly isolated by white sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Amygdalolith {am-ig-daV -o-liih) [amygdala; 
 A'tdoc, a stone]. A concretion or calculus 
 found in the tonsil. 
 
 Amygdalopathy {am-ig-dal-op' -ath-e) [amyg- 
 dala; Tiddoc, a disease]. Any disease of the 
 tonsils. 
 
 Amygdalotome {am-ig' -dal-o-tom) [amygdala; 
 ripvecv, to cut]. An instrument used in cut- 
 ting the tonsils. 
 
 Amygdalotomy {am-ig-dal-of -o-me) [see Amyg- 
 dalotome]. Tonsillotomy. 
 
 Amygdophenin {am-ig-do}' -en-in), C 6 H 4 (OC 2 - 
 
 H 5 )NH . OC . CH(OH)C 6 H 5 
 
 gray 
 
 ish- 
 
 white, crystalline powder, derived from par- 
 amidophenol. It is antirheumatic. Dose 15 
 gr. (1 Gm.) from 1 to 6 times daily in pow- 
 der. Syn., Phenyl ' glycol phenetidin. 
 
 Scarifka- 
 
 Amygdala {am-ig' -dal-ah) [dauyodX-q, almond]. 
 
 1. The tonsil. 2. A small lobule on the Amygmus {am-ig' -mus) [dptuyfioc]. 
 
 lower surface of each cerebellar hemisphere, tion. 
 
 projecting into the fourth ventricle. 3. Al- Amyl {am' -il) [a/jtuXov, starch]. The radicle, 
 
 mond. The seeds of A. amara and A. dul- C 5 H n , of amylic alcohol, the fifth member 
 
 cis, containing the principle emulsin. The of the series of alcohol radicles, CnH^+j. 
 
 former contains amygdalin. The expressed 
 oil of the sweet almond is a demulcent and 
 is useful in skin affections; in doses of 1-2 
 dr. (4-8 Gm.), a mild laxative; that of A. 
 amara is used in cosmetics. A. amara (U. S. 
 P.), the bitter almond. A. dulcis (U. S. P.), 
 the sweet almond. Amygdalae amarae, 
 Aqua (U. S. P.), a 1: 1000 solution of the oil 
 of bitter almonds in water. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 Amygdalae amarae, Oleum (U. S. P.), con- 
 tains 3-14 % of hydrocyanic acid and has 
 similar uses. Dose \-i min. (0.016-0.065 
 Cc). Amygdalae amarae, Spiritus (U. S. 
 P.), the spirit of bitter almonds. Amygdalae, 
 Emulsum (U. S. P.), oil of sweet almonds 6 %; 
 sugar, water, and acacia q. s. Amygdalae 
 Sxpressum, Oleum (U. S. P.), expressed oil 
 of almonds. Dose 1 oz. (30 Cc). Amyg- 
 dalae, Syrupus (TJ. S. P.), syrup of almond; 
 demulcent and slightly sedative. Dose 1-2 dr. 
 
 , (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Amygdalectomy {am-ig-dal-ek' -to-me) [amyg- 
 dala; iKTOfir), a cutting-out]. Excision of a 
 tonsil. 
 
 Amygdalin {am-ig' -dal-in) [see Amygdala], 
 QqH^NOh + 3H 2 0. A glucosid formed 
 in bitter almonds, in various plants, and 
 in the leaves of the cherry-laurel. Under 
 the influence of emulsin, contained in the 
 almond, it splits up into glucose and hydro- 
 cyanic acid. 
 
 Amygdaline {am-ig' -dal-en) [see Amygdala]. 
 1. Almond-like. 2. Pertaining to the ton- 
 sil. 
 
 A. -alcohol. See Amylic Alcohol. A. 
 Bromid, C 5 H n Br, a transparent, colorless 
 liquid, soluble in alcohol. It is antiseptic 
 and germicidal. A. Colloid, a fluid prepa- 
 ration consisting of amyl hydrid, 480 parts; 
 aconitin, 1 part; veratrin, 6 parts; collodion, 
 to 960 parts. It is painted on the skin in 
 neuralgia, sciatica, etc. Syn., Anodyne col- 
 loid. A. Hydrate. See Amylic Alcohol. A. 
 Hydrid, a fractional product of petroleum 
 ether; it is an antiseptic. Syn., Hydramyl; 
 Pentylene; Pentylhydrid. A. Iodid, C 5 H n I, 
 the reaction-product of isoamylic alcohol, 
 iodin, and phosphorus. It is sedative and 
 antiseptic, and is used as an inhalation in 
 dyspnea. A. Nitrite, C 5 H u N0 2 , a clear, 
 yellowish, volatile liquid, of a penetrating 
 odor. It produces vascular dilation and 
 stimulates the heart's action, and is useful 
 in angina pectoris, respiratory neuroses, 
 etc. Dose, internally, \-i min. (0.016- 
 0.065 Cc) dissolved in alcohol; by inhala- 
 tion, 2-5 min. (0.12-0.3 Cc). A. Nitrite, 
 Carbureted, amyl nitrite saturated with car- 
 bon monoxid. It is suggested as a sub- 
 stitute for pure amyl nitrite, to obviate pres- 
 sure in the head and other secondary ob- 
 jectionable properties. A. Salicylate, a com- 
 pound obtained from the action of chlorin 
 on a saturated solution of salicylic acid in 
 amylic alcohol. It is said to have the seda- 
 tive properties of the amylic derivatives as 
 well as antirheumatic qualities. Dose in 
 acute rheumatism 10 capsules of 3 gr. Co. 2 
 
AMYLACEOUS 
 
 57 
 
 ANABOLERGY 
 
 Gm.) each, daily. A. Valerate, A. Val- 
 erianate, C 10 H 20 O 2 . It is a cholesterin sol- 
 vent and is used as a sedative in gall-stone 
 colic. Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.). Syn., 
 Apple oil. 
 
 Amylaceous (am-il-a' -se-us) [see Amyl]. Con- 
 taining starch; starch-like. 
 
 Amylamin (am-iV -am-hi) . See Isoamylamin. 
 A. Hydrochlorate, C 5 H 14 NC1, a reaction- 
 product of amyl cyanate, potassium hydrate, 
 and hydrochloric acid, occurring as deliques- 
 cent scales or crystals. It is an antipyretic. 
 Dose 7-15 gr. (0.45-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Amylate (am'-il-at). 1. A combination formed 
 by the replacement of the hydrogen of the 
 hydroxyl molecule in amylic alcohol with a 
 metal or basic radicle. 2. A compound of 
 starch with a radicle. 
 
 Amylene (am' -il-en) [see Amyl], C 5 H 10 . 
 A liquid hydrocarbon having anesthetic 
 properties. See Anesthetic. A. -chloral, 
 CCI3 . CH . OH . O . C. (CH 3 ) 2 C 2 H 5 , dimethyl- 
 ethyl-carbinol-chloral. It is hypnotic. Syn., 
 Dormiol. A. Hydrate, C 5 H 12 0, a tertiary 
 alcohol used as a hypnotic. Dose 30 min.- 
 1 dr. (2-4 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Amylic (am-il'-ik) [see Amyl]. Pertaining 
 to amyl. A. Alcohol, fusel oil; potato- 
 starch alcohol; amyl hydrate. An alcohol 
 having the composition C b H 12 0, produced in 
 the continued distillation of fermented grain. 
 It was formerly used to adulterate whisky. 
 It is a solvent and reagent. 
 
 Amylin (am'-il-in) [see Amyl]. The insoluble 
 wall of the starch-grain. 
 
 Amyloforrn (am-il'-o-form). An odorless white 
 powder produced by the chemic combina- 
 tion of starch with formaldehyd. It is non- 
 toxic, quite insoluble, and is not decom- 
 posed under 180 C. It is recommended 
 as a surgical antiseptic. 
 
 Amylogenic (am-il-o-jen' -ik) [amylon; yewdv, 
 to produce]. Starch-producing. 
 
 Amyloid (am'-il-oid) [amylon; stooc, form]. 
 1. Starch-like. 2. A starchy substance. 
 3. Glycogen. 4. Virchow's name for a 
 waxy body found in animal tissue as a 
 result of disease and resembling starch 
 only in the one particular that it was stained 
 by iodin. Cf. Amyloid Degeneration. A. 
 Bodies, bodies resembling starch-grains, 
 found in the nervous system, the prostate, 
 etc. They are the result of a localized 
 amyloid degeneration. A. Degeneration, 
 waxy or lardaceous degeneration. A degen- 
 eration characterized by the formation of 
 an albuminous substance, resembling starch 
 in its chemic reactions. The process affects 
 primarily the connective tissue of the blood- 
 vessels of various organs, and is connected 
 with or due to chronic suppuration in the 
 body. Amyloid substance gives a brown 
 color with iodin, a red color with gentian- 
 violet, and turns blue on being treated with 
 iodin and sulfuric acid. A. Kidney. See 
 Bright 's Disease. 
 
 Amylolysis (am-il-ol'-is-is) [amylon; \uoic, so- 
 
 lution]. The digestion of starch, or its con- 
 version into sugar. 
 
 Amylolytic (am-il-o-lit'-ik) [see Amylolysis]. 
 Pertaining to or effecting the digestion of 
 starch, as the ferments in the saliva and 
 pancreatic juice that convert starch into 
 sugar. 
 
 Amylon (am'-il-on) [L.]. 1. Starch. 2. Gly- 
 cogen. 3. A principle found in grape-juice. 
 
 Amylophosphin (am-il-o-fos'-fin). A phosphin 
 in which the hydrogen is replaced by 
 amyl. 
 
 Arnylopsin (am -il- op' -sin) [amylon; o^f, 
 appearance]. A ferment found in the pan- 
 creatic juice, which changes starch into 
 sugar. 
 
 Amylose (am'-il-os) [amylon]. Any one of the 
 group of carbohydrates, comprising starch, 
 glycogen, dextrin, inulin, gum, cellulose, and 
 tunicin. 
 
 Amylum (am'-il-um) [L.], C 6 H 10 O 5 . Starch. 
 Amyli, Glyceritum (U.S. P.), contains starch, 
 10; water, 10; glycerol, 80%; used for external 
 application. A. iodatum, contains starch, 
 95 %; iodin, 5 % ; triturated with distilled water 
 and dried. Dose 1 dr.-J oz. (4-16 Gm.). 
 Amyli, Mucilago (B. P.), used in making 
 enemas. 
 
 Amyocardia (am-i-o-kar'-de-ah) [a, priv.; jiuc, 
 muscle; napoca, the heart]. Lack of mus- 
 cular power in the heart's contractions. 
 
 Amyostasia (am-i-os-ta'-ze-ah) [a, priv.; hoc, 
 muscle; ozaocc, standing]. An abnormal 
 trembling of the muscles while in use, often 
 seen in locomotor ataxia. 
 
 Amyosthenia (am-i-os-the'-ne-ah) [a, priv.; 
 {.toe, muscle; odkvoc, force]. Deficient mus- 
 cular power. 
 
 Amyotrophia (am-i-o-tro' -je-ah) [a, priv.; fiuc, 
 muscle; rpo<firj, nourishment]. Atrophy of a 
 muscle. 
 
 Amyotrophic (am-i-o-tro' '-fik) [see Amyotro- 
 phia]. Characterized by muscular atrophy. 
 A. Lateral Sclerosis, lateral sclerosis com- 
 bined with muscular atrophy. The lesion 
 is in the pyramidal tracts and in the gan- 
 glion-cells of the anterior gray horns of the 
 spinal cord. The disease has a marked 
 tendency to involve the medulla. A. Para- 
 lysis, that due to muscular atrophy. 
 
 Amyxia (am-iks' '-i-ah) [a, priv.; p.u£a, mucus]. 
 Absence or deficiency of mucous secretion. 
 
 Amyxis (ah-miks' -is) [dptuooew, to scarify]. 
 Scarification. 
 
 Amyxodes (ah-miks-o'-dez). 1. Deficient in 
 mucus; relating to amyxia. 2. Scarified; re- 
 lating to amyxis. 
 
 Anabasis (an-ab'-as-is) [avafia'cvscv, to go up]. 
 The increasing stage of acute disease. 
 
 Anabatic (an-ab-at'-ik) [see Anabasis]. In- 
 creasing; growing more intense; as the ana- 
 batic stage of a fever. 
 
 Anabiosis (an-ab-i-o'-sis) [avafitbetv, to come 
 to life again]. The reappearance of vitality 
 in an apparently lifeless organism. 
 
 Anabolergy (an-ab-ol'-er-je) [avaftaXXetv, to 
 throw up; 'ipyov, work]. The force ex- 
 
ANABOLIC 
 
 5$ 
 
 ANALOG 
 
 pended or work performed in anabolism or 
 in anabolic processes. 
 
 Anabolic (an-ab-oV '-ik) [dvaftdXXecv, to throw 
 up]. Pertaining to or characterized by anab- 
 olism. 
 
 Anabolin (an-ab' -o-lin) [see Anabolic]. Any 
 substance formed during the anabolic pro- 
 cess. 
 
 Anabolism (an-ab' -o-lizm) [see Anabolic]. Syn- 
 thetic or constructive metabolism. Activity 
 and repair of function; opposed to katabol- 
 ism. 
 
 Anacampsis (an-ah-kamp' -sis) [dvaKa/mreiv, to 
 bend back]. A flexure. 
 
 Anacamptic {an-ah-kamp' -tik) [see Anacamp- 
 sis]. Reflected, as sound or light; pertain- 
 ing to or causing a reflection. 
 
 Anacamptometer (an-ah-kamp -torn 1 '-et-er) [dva- 
 Ka[X7iz£cv, to bend back; [ikxpov, a measure]. 
 An apparatus for measuring reflexes. 
 
 Anacardium (an-ah-kar' -de-um) [dva, up; icap- 
 d'ca, the heart, from its heart-shaped seeds]. 
 i. A genus of tropical trees. A. occidentale 
 yields cashew-gum and the cashew-nut. 2. 
 The oil of the pericarp of the cashew-nut, 
 known as cardol, and used as an escharotic. 
 It is said to be of value in leprosy.. A., 
 Ointment of, 1 part of the tar to 8 of lard 
 or vaselin, used as a blistering ointment. 
 Unof. A., Tincture of, 1 to 10 of rectified 
 spirit. Dose 2-10 min. (0.12-0.6 Cc). 
 
 Anachlorhydria (an-ah-klor-hi' -dre-ah) . The 
 lack of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. 
 
 Anaclasis (an-ak'-las-is) [dvanXaocc, a break- 
 ing-off or back]. 1. Reflection or refraction 
 of light or sound. 2. A fracture; forcible 
 flexion of a stiff joint. 
 
 Anacrotic (an-ak-rot' -ik) [dva, up; Kpbxoc, a 
 stroke]. Relating to or characterized by 
 anacrotism. 
 
 Anacrotism (an-ak' -ro-tizm) [see Anacrotic]. 
 The condition in which there is # one or more 
 notches on the ascending limb of the pulse - 
 curve. 
 
 Anacusia (an-ak-oo'-se-ah) [dv, priv.; duouetv, 
 to hear]. Complete deafness. 
 
 Anadenia (an-ad-e' -ne-ah) [dv, priv.; ddr^v, 
 gland]. Insufficiency of glandular function. 
 A. gastrica, Ewald's name for achylia gas- 
 trica. A. ventriculi. See Achylia gastrica. 
 
 Anadesma (an-ah-dez'-mah) [dvadea/xr], a fillet]. 
 A band or fascia. 
 
 Anadicrotic (an-ah-di-krot'-ik) [dva, up; die, 
 twice; upozoc, a stroke]. Characterized by 
 anadicrotism. 
 
 Anadicrotism (an-ah-di' -krot-izm) [see Ana- 
 dicrotic]. Dicrotism of the pulse-wave occur- 
 ring in the upward stroke. 
 
 Anadidymous (an-ad-id' -im-us) [dva, up; dido- 
 p.oc, a twin]. Cleft upward into two, while 
 single below — said of certain joined twins. 
 
 Anadidymus (an-ad-id' -im-us) [see Anadidy- 
 mous]. An anadidymous monster. 
 
 Anadipsia (an-ah-dip' -se-ah) [dva, intensive; 
 dicpa, thirst]. Intense thirst. 
 
 Anadrome (an-ad'-ro-me) [dvadpoptrj, a running 
 up]. 1. An upward determination of the 
 
 blood. 2. A pain ascending from the lower 
 to the higher portion of the body. 3. The 
 ascent of sap in plants. 4. See Globus hys- 
 tericus. 
 
 Anaemia (an-e' -me-ah) . See Anemia. 
 
 Anaerobe (an-a'-er-ob). See Anaerobion. 
 
 Anaerobia (an-a-er-o'-be-ah) [dv, priv.; dr t p, 
 air; ficoc, life]. Plural of anaerobion. Micro- 
 organisms having the power of living without 
 air or free oxygen. A., Facultative, applied 
 to organisms normally or usually living in 
 the presence of oxygen, but capable of be- 
 coming anaerobic. 
 
 Anaerobic (an-a-er-o' -bik) [see Anaerobia]. Liv- 
 ing in the absence of the oxygen or air. 
 See Aerobic. 
 
 Anaerobion (an-a-er-o' -be-on) . See Anaerobia. 
 
 Anaerobiosis (an-a-er-o -bi-o' '-sis) [see Anaero- 
 bia]. Life sustained in the absence of free 
 oxygen; the power of living where there is 
 no free oxygen. 
 
 Anaerobiotic, Anaerobious (an-a-er-o-bi-of -ik, 
 an-a-er-o' -be-us) [see Anaerobia]. Capable 
 of existing without free oxygen. 
 
 Anaesthesia (an-es-the'-ze-ah). See Anesthesia. 
 
 Anaesthetic (an-es-thet'-ik). See Anesthetic. 
 
 Anagoge, Anagogia (an-a-go'-je, an-a-go'-je- 
 ah) [dvaya)ji], a bringing up]. Vomiting. A. 
 haematis, A. sanguinis, a rush of blood to 
 the head. 
 
 Anagraph (an'-a-graf) [dvaypa$r\, a writing 
 out]. A physician's prescription or recipe. 
 
 Anakusis (an-ak-oo'-sis). See Anacusia. 
 
 Anal (a'-nal) [anus, the fundament]. Pertain- 
 ing to the anus. 
 
 Analdia (an-al'-de-ah). See Marasmus. 
 
 Analepsia (an-al-ep' -se-ah) . See Analepsis. 
 
 Anale-psis(an-al-ep'-sis) [see Analeptic]. 1. Re- 
 covery of strength after disease. 2. Suspen- 
 sion, as in a swing. 3. Epilepsy with gastric 
 aura. 
 
 Analeptic (an-al-ep' -tik) [dvaXynTiKce, restora- 
 tive]. 1. Restorative. 2. Any agent restor- 
 ing health after illness. 
 
 Analgen (an-al'-jen) [dv, priv.; aXyoc, pain], 
 C^H^NjO^ A white, tasteless, crystalline 
 powder, almost insoluble in water, soluble 
 with difficulty in cold alcohol, but more 
 readily in hot alcohol and dilute acids. It 
 melts at 406. 4 F. It is employed as an 
 analgesic, antineuralgic, and antipyretic. 
 Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 
 
 Analgesia (an-al-je'-ze-ah) [see Analgen]. In- 
 sensibility to or absence of pain. A. panaris. 
 Synonym of Morvan's disease. 
 
 Analgesic (an-al-je'-sik) [see Analgen]. 1. Ano- 
 dyne; relieving pain. 2. Affected with anal- 
 gesia. 3. A remedy that relieves pain. 
 
 Analgesin (an-al'-je-sin). See Antipyrin. 
 
 Analgic (an-al'-jik) [see Analgen]. Analgesic. 
 
 Analgin (an-al'-jin). Synonym of Creolin. 
 
 Analog (an'-al-og) [dvdXojog, conformable]. 
 A part or organ having the same function 
 as another, but with a difference of struc- 
 ture. The correlative term, homolog, denotes 
 identity of structure with difference of func- 
 tion. The wing of the butterfly and that 
 
ANALOGOUS 
 
 59 
 
 ANAPOPHYSIS 
 
 of the bird are analogous, but the wing of 
 a bird and the arm of a man are homolog- 
 ous. 
 
 Analogous {an-aV -o-gus) [see Analog]. Con- 
 forming to, proportionate, answering to. 
 
 Analysis (an-al' -is-is) [dvaXuetv, to unloose]. 
 The resolution of a compound body into its 
 constituent parts. A., Absorptiometric, the 
 determination of the composition of gaseous 
 bodies by observation of the amount of ab- 
 sorption which occurs on exposure to a liquid 
 in which the coefficient of absorption of dif- 
 ferent gases is already known. A., Gaso- 
 metric, the determination of the constituents 
 of gaseous compounds, especially the determi- 
 nation of the amount of oxygen in specimens 
 of atmospheric air. A., Gravimetric, the 
 quantitative determination, by weight, of the 
 elements of a body. A., Indirect, a quan- 
 titative estimation of the elements of a com- 
 pound obtained not by isolating them, but 
 by causing them to form new combinations 
 and observing the relation of the molecular 
 weight of these to that of the original body. 
 A., Organic, the determination of the ele- 
 ments of matter formed under the influence 
 of life. The analysis of animal and vegetable 
 tissues. A., Proximate, the determination of 
 the simpler compound into which a substance 
 may be resolved. A., Qualitative, the de- 
 termination of the nature of the elements 
 that compose a body. A., Quantitative, the 
 determination of the proportionate parts of 
 the various elements of a compound. A., 
 Radiation, a method of analysis based upon 
 discoveries of Becquerel and taking advantage 
 of the comparative radioactivity of various 
 metals. A., Spectral, the determination of 
 the composition of a body by means of the 
 spectroscope. A., Ultimate, the resolution 
 of a compound into its ultimate elements. 
 A., Volumetric, the quantitative determina- 
 tion of a constituent by volume. A., Wet, 
 analysis conducted by means of solutions and 
 precipitations. 
 
 Analyzer (an'-al-i-zer) [see analysis], i. An 
 analyst. 2. In microscopy, the Nicol prism, 
 which exhibits the properties of light after 
 polarization. 3. An apparatus for recording 
 the excursions of tremor movements. 
 
 Anamid (an'-am-id) [a, priv.; amid]. A com- 
 pound formed from an amid by abstracting 
 the ammonia. 
 
 Anamirta (an-am-er' -fa) . A genus of Menis- 
 permacecB. A . paniculata, or Menispermum 
 cocculus, is the source of cocculus indicus. 
 
 Anamnesis (an-am-ne' -sis) [dvap-vrjacc, a re- 
 calling to mind]. 1. The faculty of memory; 
 recollection. 2. That which is remembered; 
 information gained from the patient regard- 
 ing the past history of a case. 
 
 Anamnestic (an-am-ne s' -tik) [see Anamnesis]. 
 1. Recalling to mind. 2. Restorative of the 
 memory. 
 
 Anamniotic (an-am-ne-of '-ik) [dv, priv.; dfxv'cov, 
 amnion]. Without an amnion. 
 
 Ananabasia (an-an-ab-a 1 '-ze-ah) [dv, priv.; 
 
 dv&ftaocr, an ascending]. A form of abulia 
 manifested by incapacity to ascend heights. 
 Ananastasia (an-an-as-ta' '-ze-ah) [dv, priv.; 
 dvdaxaocc, a rising up]. A form of abulia 
 characterized by inability to rise from a 
 sitting posture. 
 Anandria (an-an r -dre-ah) [dv, priv.; dvi t p, 
 
 man]. Lack of virility; impotence. 
 Anapeiratic (an-ap -i-r at' -ik) [avowee pan 6 at, to 
 do again]. A condition due to excessive use 
 of certain parts, or of certain muscles, as in 
 writers' and in telegraphers' cramp. 
 Anaphases (an-aj-a'-sez) [dva, up; (paocc, a 
 phase]. The phenomena of karyokinesis im- 
 mediately preceding the formation of the 
 daughter -stars, and up to the formation of 
 the resting daughter-nuclei. 
 Anaphia (an-a'-Je-ah) [dv, priv.; dcj)rj, touch]. 
 1. Defect in the sense of touch. 2. A state 
 of abnormal sensitiveness to the touch. 3. 
 A state in which nothing can be learned 
 by palpation. 
 Anaphora (an -a f '-or -ah) [dva<f)opd, a bringing 
 up]. 1. A bringing up, as by coughing. 2. 
 Recovery from illness. 3. Rush of blood to 
 the head. 4. A violent inspiration or respira- 
 tion. 
 Anaphoresis (an-af-or-e' -sis) [dv, priv.; <frkpeiv, 
 to carry]. A diminution in the activity of 
 the sweat-glands. 
 Anaphoria (an-aj-o'-re-ah) [see Anaphoresis]. 
 An upward tendency of the eyes and of the 
 visual axes. 
 Anaphrodisia (an-af-ro-diz'-e-ah) [dv, priv.; 
 'A(f)podtTr}, Venus]. Absence or impairment 
 of sexual appetite. 
 Anaphrodisiac (an-af-ro-diz'-e-ak) [see Anaph- 
 rodisia]. 1. Relating to, affected by, or caus- 
 ing anaphrodisia. 2. An agent that allays 
 the sexual desire. 
 Anaphylactic (an-ah-fil-ak'-tik) [dv, priv. ; cJiuXa^ , 
 a guardian]. 1. Having the property of 
 diminishing immunity instead of reinforcing 
 it. 2. A serum which diminishes immunity. 
 Anaphylaxy (an-ah-fl-aks'-e) [see Anaphylac- 
 tic]. Induction of disease; specifically, an 
 intoxication resulting from the union of a 
 foreign substance with antibodies produced 
 by previous introduction of the same sub- 
 stance; opposed to prophylaxy. 
 Anaplastic (an-ap-las'-tik) [dvo.riXaooetv, to 
 build up]. 1. Relating to anaplasty; restor- 
 ing a lost or defective part. 2.. An agent 
 that facilitates repair. 
 Anaplasty (an' -ap-las-tc) [see Anaplastic]. An 
 operation for the restoration of lost parts; 
 plastic surgery. 
 Anapnograph (an-ap' -no-graf) [dvanvo-i], respi- 
 ration; -jfpa<j)£iv, to write]. An apparatus reg- 
 istering the movements of inspiration and 
 expiration, together with the quantity of air 
 inhaled. 
 Anapnoic (an-ap -no' -ik) [dva, against; anvoca, 
 
 want of breath]. Relieving dyspnea. 
 Anapophysis (an-ap-o)'-is-is) [dva, back ; dn- 
 b<puot£, an offshoot]. An accessory process of 
 a lumbar or dorsal vertebra, corresponding to 
 
ANARTHRIA 
 
 60 
 
 ANATRIPSIS 
 
 the inferior tubercle of the transverse process 
 of a typical dorsal vertebra. 
 
 Anarthria (an-ar'-thre-ah) [dv, priv.; apdpov, 
 articulation], i. Defective articulation. 2. 
 Absence of vigor. A. centralis, partial 
 aphasia due to central lesion. A. literalis, 
 stammering. 
 
 Anasarca (an-ah-sar'-kah) [ava, through; oap^, 
 the flesh]. An accumulation of serum in the 
 subcutaneous areolar tissues of the body. 
 Syn., Catasarca; Episarcidium; Hydroder- 
 mus; Inter ens; Hydrops cellularis. A., 
 Acute, a form in which the flesh preserves 
 its normal color and the depression made 
 by the finger disappears quickly. A. a 
 fluxu, that due to loss of body -fluids, as 
 in diarrhea or diabetes. A. americana, a 
 South American disease marked by sleepiness, 
 headache, debility, and swelling of the ab- 
 domen, said to be due to the ingestion of 
 sea-crabs. A., Essential, that due to mal- 
 nutrition. A. exanthematica, that attri- 
 buted to the suppression of an exanthem, 
 especially erysipelas. A. urinosa, that due 
 to suppression of urine. Syn., Urinary leu- 
 kophlegmasia. 
 
 Anasarcin (an-ah-sar' -sin) . A remedy for 
 dropsy, said to consist of the active prin- 
 ciples of Oxydendron arboreum, Sambucus 
 nigra, and Urginea scilla. 
 
 Anasarcous (an-ah-sar' -kus) [see Anasarca]. 
 Affected with anasarca. 
 
 Anaspadias {an-as-pa' '-de-as) [ava, up; oxaecv, 
 to draw]. A urethral opening upon the 
 upper surface of the penis. 
 
 Anaspasis (an-ah-spa'-sis) [see Anaspadias]. 
 
 1. A contraction. 2. Revulsion. 
 Anastaltic (an-as-taV '-tik) [dvaozaX-tnoc, check- 
 ing; putting back]. 1. Strongly astringent. 
 
 2. Centripetal; afferent. 
 
 Anastasis (an-as' -tas -is) [dvdoraocc, a setting up]. 
 1. Recovery; convalescence. 2. An upward 
 afflux of the body humors. 3. Resuscitation 
 of one apparently dead. 
 
 Anastatic (an-as-taf -ik) [see Anastasis]. Tend- 
 ing to recovery; restorative. 
 
 Anastigmatic (an-ah-stig-mat'-ik). Free from 
 astigmatism; said especially of photographic 
 objectives which are corrected for astig- 
 matism as well as for spheric and chromatic 
 aberration. 
 
 Anastole (an-as' -to -le) [dvaaroX^, retracted]. 
 Retraction; shrinking away, as of the lips 
 of a wound. 
 
 Anastomosis (an-as -to -mo' -sis) [dvaorojioetv, to 
 bring to a mouth]. 1. The intercommunica- 
 tion of blood-vessels. 2. The establishment 
 of a communication between two hollow 
 parts or between two distinct portions of 
 the same organ. See A., Intestinal. 3. A 
 whetting of the appetite. A., Crucial, an 
 arterial anastomosis in the upper part of the 
 thigh, formed by the anastomotic branch of 
 the sciatic, the first perforating, the internal 
 circumflex, and the transverse branch of the 
 external circumflex arteries. A., Entero-. 
 See Enter oanastomosis. A., Hyrtl's, the 
 
 transection of two arteries. Syn., Dehiscentia 
 de'eussantium. A., Intestinal, an operation 
 consisting in establishing a communication 
 between two parts of the intestine. A., 
 Jacobson's, the tympanic plexus. 
 
 Anastomotic (an-as-to-mof -ik) [see Anasto- 
 mosis]. 1. Pertaining to anastomosis. 2. 
 Sharpening the appetite. 3. Aperient. 4. 
 Causing dilation of the peripheral blood-ves- 
 sels. 5. A communicating artery or vein. 
 See under Artery and under Vein. 
 
 Anastomotica (an-as-to-mof -ik-ah). 1. A com- 
 municating artery or vein. 2. Tonic, 
 aperient, or deobstruent medicines. A. 
 magna. See under Artery. 
 
 Anastomotris (an-as-to-mo'-tris) [L.; pi., anas- 
 tomotrides]. Any kind of a dilating instru- 
 ment. 
 
 Anastrophe (an-as' -tro-je) [dvaorpi^eiv, to turn 
 upside down]. Inversion, particularly of the 
 viscera. 
 
 Anatherapeusis (an-ath-er-ap-u' -sis) [dvd, up; 
 dspa-euocc, medical treatment]. Treatment 
 by increasing doses. 
 
 Anatomic (an-at-om' -ik) [anatomy]. Pertaining 
 to anatomy. A. Tubercle. See Verruca 
 necrogenica. 
 
 Anatomicopathologic, Anatornopathologic 
 (an-at-om-ik-o-path-o-loj'-ik, an-at-om-o-path- 
 o-loj'-ik). Pertaining to anatomy and path- 
 ology. 
 
 Anatomist (an-af -om-ist) [see anatomy]. One 
 who is skilled in anatomy. 
 
 Anatomy (an-af -o -me) [dvarofxca]. The science 
 of the structure of organs or of organic bodies. 
 A., Applied, anatomy as concerned in the 
 diagnosis and treatment of pathologic condi- 
 tions. A., Comparative, the investigation 
 and comparison of the anatomy of different 
 orders of animals or of plants, one with 
 another. A., Descriptive, a study of the 
 separate and individual portions of the body, 
 apart from their relationship to surrounding 
 parts. A., Gross, anatomy dealing with the 
 naked-eye appearance of tissues. A., Homo- 
 logic, the study of the correlations of the 
 several parts of the body. A., Medical, the 
 application of anatomy to a study of the 
 causation and symptomatology of nonsurgical 
 diseases. A., Microscopic, A., Minute, 
 that studied under the microscope. A., 
 Morbid, A., Pathologic, a study of diseased 
 structures. A., Physiognomonic, the study 
 of expressions depicted upon the exterior of 
 the body, especially upon the face. A., 
 Practical, dissection. A., Regional, a study 
 of limited parts or regions of the body, the 
 divisions of which are collectively or peculiarly 
 affected by disease, injury, operations, etc. 
 A., Surgical, the application of anatomy to 
 surgery. A., Topographic, the anatomy of 
 a part in its relation to other parts. A., 
 Veterinary, the anatomy of domestic animals. 
 
 Anatresis (an-at-re'-sis) [dvanzpav, to bore 
 through]. Perforation; trephining. 
 
 Anatripsis (an-at-rip'-sis) [dvaxpedec, a rub- 
 bing]. 1. Rubbing; the removal of a part 
 
ANATRIPTIC 
 
 61 
 
 ANEMIA 
 
 or growth by scraping or rubbing; inunction. 
 2. An upward or centripetal movement in 
 massage. 3. A crushing, as of calculi. 4. 
 Itching; scratching to allay itching. 
 
 Anatriptic {an-at-rip' -tik) [see Anatripsis]. A 
 medicine to be applied by rubbing. 
 
 Anaxon, Anaxone (an-aks'-on) [dv, priv.; axis]. 
 A neuron devoid of axis-cylinder processes. 
 Syn., Amacrine cell. 
 
 Anazotic (an-az-ot'-ik) [dv, priv.; azotum, nitro- 
 gen]. Without azote or nitrogen. 
 
 Anazoturia {an-az-ot-u' -re-ah) [dv, priv.; azo- 
 tum, nitrogen; o'bpov, urine]. A condition of 
 deficient excretion, of nitrogen in the urine, 
 the urea being chiefly diminished. 
 
 Anchone {ang'-ko-ne) [ayxscv, to strangle]. A 
 spasmodic constriction of the throat observed 
 in hysteria. 
 
 Anchoralis {an-ko-ra' -lis) [ancora, an anchor]. 
 The coronoid process of the ulna. 
 
 Anchusin (ang'-ku-siri) [dfxovoa, alkanet], C^- 
 H^Og. The red coloring-matter found in 
 alkanet-root. See Alkanet. 
 
 Anchyloglossia {ang-kil-o-glos' -e-ah). See An- 
 kyloglossia. 
 
 Anchylosis {ang-kil-o'-sis). See Ankylosis. 
 
 Anchylostomiasis {ang-kil-o-sto-mi' -as - is). 
 See Ankylostomiasis. 
 
 Anchylostomum {ang-kil- os' -to - mum) . See 
 Ankylostoma. 
 
 Ancipital {an-sip' -it-al) [anceps, double]. Two- 
 edged. 
 
 Ancistrum ian-sis' -trum) [dyKcorpov, a fish- 
 hook]. A surgical hook. 
 
 Anconagra {ang-kon-a' '-grah) [d-rncbv, the elbow; 
 aypi, a seizure]. Arthritic pain at the 
 elbow. 
 
 Anconal, Anconeal {ang'-kon-al, ang-ko' -ne-at) 
 [dfKcov, the elbow]. Pertaining to the elbow! 
 
 Anconeus {ang-ko-ne' -us) . See under Muscle. 
 
 Ancyroid {an' -sir -old) [dj-Kopa, anchor; slooc, 
 form]. Shaped like an anchor. 
 
 Andernach's Ossicles. See Wormian Bones. 
 
 Andersen's Ganglion. The petrosal ganglion. 
 A.'s Nerve. See Jacobson's Nerve. 
 
 Anderson's Pill. The compound gamboge 
 pill. A.'s Reaction for Distinguishing be- 
 tween Quinolin and Pyridin Salts, the 
 chloroplatinates of the latter, when boiled 
 with water, are changed into insoluble double 
 salts with the elimination of hydrogen chlorid, 
 whereas the former remain in solution. 
 
 Andral's Decubitus. The position usually 
 assumed in the early stage of pleurisy by the 
 patient, who seeks to alleviate the pain by 
 lying on the sound side. 
 
 Andreasch's Reaction for Cystein. To the 
 hydrochloric acid solution add a few drops 
 of dilute ferric chlorid solution and then am- 
 monia. The liquid will become a dark pur- 
 plish red. 
 
 Androgalactozemia {an-dro-gal-ak-to-ze'-me- 
 ah) [dvfjp, man; jd).a, milk; Crjiua, loss]. 
 The oozing of milk from the male 
 mamma. 
 
 Androgyna {an - droj' '- in - ah) [aner; yovrj, 
 woman]. A hermaphrodite; a female in 
 
 whom the genital organs are similar to those 
 of the male. 
 
 Androgyneity {an-drof '-in-e-il-e) [see Andro- 
 gyna]. Hermaphroditism. 
 
 Androgynus {an-drof '-in-us) [see Androgyna]. 
 A hermaphrodite. A male with genital organs 
 similar to those of the female. 
 
 Androlepsia {an-dro-lep' -si-ah) [dvopo^^ca, a 
 seizure of men]. The process of fecundation 
 in the female. 
 
 Andrology {an-droV -o-]c) [dv^p, man; kbyoc, 
 science]. 1. The science of man, especially 
 of the male sex. 2. The science of the dis- 
 eases of the male genitourinary organs. 
 
 Andromania {an-dro-ma' -ne-ali) [aner; p.o.vca, 
 madness]. Nymphomania. 
 
 Androphobia {an-dro-jo' -be-ah) [aner; (froftoc, 
 fear]. Fear or dislike of the male sex. 
 
 Androsymphysia, Androsymphysis {an-dro- 
 sim-f,z'-e-ah, an-dro-sim' -fiz-is) [aner; ouv, 
 together; (f>u$tv, to grow]. 1. A monstrosity 
 formed by the fusion of two male fetuses. 
 2. The growing together of the male geni- 
 talia. 
 
 Anecpyetous {an-ek-pi-e' -tus) \aveKizuT)TO<f\. 1. 
 Not suppurating. 2. Preventing suppura- 
 tion; insuppurable. 
 
 Anedeus {an-e' -de-us) [d, priv.; a'cdoca, the 
 genitals]. Lacking genital organs. 
 
 Anel's Operation for Aneurysm. Ligation 
 on the cardiac side close to the aneurysm. 
 A.'s Probe, A.'s Sound, a fine probe used 
 in operations upon the lacrimal passages. 
 A.'s Syringe, a syringe used in injecting 
 fluids into the lacrimal passages. 
 
 Anelectrode {an-el-ek' -trod) [dva, upward; 
 electrode]. The positive pole of a galvanic 
 battery. 
 
 Anelectrotonic {an-el-ek-tro-ton' -ik) [dv, priv.; 
 rjXsKrpov, electricity; ~bvoc, tension]. Relat- 
 ing to anelectrotonus. 
 
 Anelectro tonus {an-el-ek-trof -o-nus) [see An- 
 electrotonic]. The decreased irritability that is 
 present in a nerve in the neighborhood of the 
 anode. 
 
 Anemia {an -e f -me -ah) [dv, priv.; al/ia, blood]. 
 Deficiency of blood as a whole, or deficiency 
 of the number of the red corpuscles or of 
 the hemoglobin. It may be general or local. 
 Local anemia, or ischemia, is the result of 
 mechanic interference with the circulation of 
 the affected part. General anemia is either 
 idiopathic or symptomatic. A., Addison's, 
 A., Biermer's. See Pernicious Anemia. A., 
 Cytogenic. Synonym of A., Idiopathic. A., 
 Essential. Synonym of A., Idiopathic. A., 
 Idiopathic, a form in which the lesion is in 
 the blood or in the blood-making organs. A., 
 Lymphatic. Synonym of Hodgkin , s dis- 
 ease. See Lymph adenoma. A., Malignant. 
 See Pernicious Anemia. A., Myelogenous, 
 anemia attended with hyperplasia of myelog- 
 enous tissue. A., Paludal, anemia associated 
 with or caused by malaria. A., Pernicious. 
 See Pernicious Anemia. A., Primary. See 
 A., Idiopathic. A., Secondary, that due to 
 a distinct cause, as hemorrhage, cancer, wast- 
 
ANEMIC 
 
 62 
 
 ANESTHETIC 
 
 ing discharges, poisons, etc. Syn., Symptom- 
 atic anemia. A., Splenic, chronic anemia 
 with enlarged spleen, blood-changes, chlorane- 
 mia, leukopenia, hemorrhages from the stom- 
 ach, and pigmentation of the skin. 
 
 Anemic (an-em'-ik) [see Anemia]. Pertaining 
 to anemia. A. Infarct, a wedge-shaped area 
 of coagulation-necrosis occurring in organs 
 possessing terminal arteries. It is the result 
 of the sudden stopping of such an artery by 
 a thrombus or an embolus. A. Murmur, 
 a murmur heard in anemic conditions, soft 
 and blowing in character, and disappearing 
 with the anemia. It is generally heard over 
 the base of the heart. A. Necrosis, the co- 
 agulation-necrosis of tissues resulting from 
 the sudden stoppage of the supplying artery. 
 
 Anemometer (an-em-om' -et-er) \avep.oc, wind; 
 [xkzpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
 measuring the velocity of the wind. 
 
 Anemone (an-em'-o-ne) [dvsjiojvq, the wind- 
 flower]. A genus of ranunculaceous herbs, 
 most of which have active medicinal and 
 poisonous qualities. See Pulsatilla. 
 
 Anemonin (an-em' -o-nin) [see Anemone], 
 C 15 H 12 6 . . The active principle of the ane- 
 mone. It is given in bronchitis, asthma, and 
 spasmodic cough. Dose \- f gr. (0.016-0.048 
 Gm.) 4;wice daily. 
 
 Anemopathy (an-em-op' -ath-e) [dvsfioc, wind; 
 nddoc, disease]. Therapeutic treatment by 
 inhalation. 
 
 Anernydria, Ansemydria (an-em-id' -re-ah) [a, 
 priv.; alfxa, blood; udcop, water]. Insuffi- 
 ciency of the watery element in blood. 
 
 Anencephalia (an-en-sef-a' -le-ah) [dv, priv.; 
 ij-K£(f)aXoc, brain]. Absence of the brain. 
 
 Anencephalic (an-en-sef-al'-ik) [see Anenceph- 
 alia]. Pertaining to or characterized by anen- 
 cephalia. 
 
 Anencephalus (an-en-sef '-al-us) [see Anenceph- 
 alia]. A species of single autositic monsters 
 in which there is no trace of the brain. 
 
 Anergia {an-er' -je-ah) [dy, priv.; 'ipyou, work]. 
 Sluggishness; inactivity. 
 
 Anergic (an-er' -jik) [see Anergia]. Character- 
 ized by sluggishness; as, anergic dementia. 
 
 Aneroid (a n'-er-oid) [d, priv.; vrjpog, wet; elooc, 
 form]. Working without a fluid. A. Barom- 
 eter. See Barometer. 
 
 Anerythropsia (an-er -ith-r p' -se-ah) [dv, priv.; 
 ipudpoc, red; cHpce, sight]. Impaired color- 
 perception of red. 
 
 Aneson (an-es-on). See Acetone Chloroform. 
 
 Anesthecinesis, Ansestheeinesis (an-es-the-sin- 
 e'-sis) [d, priv.; a'cod-qotc, feeling; n'cvqocc, 
 movement]. A condition marked by loss of 
 sensibility and motor capacity. 
 
 Anesthesia, Anaesthesia (an-es-the' -ze-ah) [dva- 
 cad-qaca, want of feeling]. A condition of 
 total or partial insensibility, particularly to 
 touch. A., Central, due to disease in the 
 nerve-centers. A., Cerebral, that due to 
 disease of the cerebrum. A., Crossed, 
 anesthesia on one side of the body, due to 
 a central lesion of the other side. A. dolo- 
 rosa, severe pain experienced after the oc- 
 
 currence- of complete motor and sensory par- 
 alysis, a symptom observed in certain dis- 
 eases of the spinal cord. A., Dolorous (of 
 Liebreich), the transient but painful anes- 
 thesia produced by the injection of water 
 in sufficient quantity to edematize the papil- 
 lary layer of the derm and subjacent layers. 
 The pain is due to the inhibitory swelling 
 of the cells. A., Efferent, that due to dis- 
 order of the nerve-terminations, disturbing 
 their conductivity. A., Electric, anesthesia 
 caused by the passage of an electric cur- 
 rent through a part. A., Facial, anesthesia 
 of those parts to which the sensory branches 
 of the fifth cranial nerve are distributed. 
 A., General, anesthesia of the entire body, 
 including the abolition of all perceptive power 
 with consequent loss of consciousness. A., 
 Girdle, a zone of anesthesia encircling the 
 body, due to circumscribed disease of the 
 spinal cord. A., Infiltration-, local anes- 
 thesia effected by subcutaneous injections. 
 A., Javanese, that produced by pressure 
 upon the carotids. A., Korff's. See under 
 Anesthetic. A., Local, that limited to a 
 part of the body. A., Mixed, that partially 
 produced and prolonged by the administra- 
 tion of morphin or other cerebral anodyne 
 before the anesthetic is given. A., Mus- 
 cular, loss of the muscular sense. A., Peri- 
 pheral, that depending upon changes in the 
 peripheral nerves. A., Primary, a tempo- 
 rary insensibility to slight pain occurring in 
 the beginning of anesthesia and during which 
 minor operations can be performed. A., 
 Surgical, that induced by the surgeon by 
 means of anesthetics for the purpose of pre- 
 venting pain, producing relaxation of mus- 
 cles, or for diagnostic purposes. 
 Anesthesin (an-es-the' -sin) , 
 
 C 6 H 4 <pQ^ ) p tt • E. Ritsert's name for 
 
 paramidobenzoic acid ester; it is used as a 
 local anesthetic. 
 Anesthetic (an-es-thet'-ik) [see Anesthesia]. 1. 
 Without feeling; insensible to touch or pain. 
 2. A substance that produces insensibility to 
 touch or to pain, diminished muscular action, 
 and other phenomena. Anesthetics may be 
 general, local, partial, and complete. A., 
 General, one used for securing general anes- 
 thesia. The following substances have been 
 used for this purpose : Amylene, C 5 H l0 (pen- 
 tat), a thin, colorless, translucent liquid; 
 action rapid, producing partial anesthesia. 
 It should not be brought near a flame. 
 Carbon Tetrachlorid, not so irritating 
 to the organs of respiration, but far more 
 dangerous than chloroform. Chloral Hy- 
 drate, action indirect and incomplete, and 
 now rarely, if ever, used. Chloroform, by 
 inhalation. Largely employed in general 
 surgery. It seems to have a selective action 
 upon the nervous system, and also exer- 
 cises a direct influence upon the muscular 
 tissues of the heart. It paralyzes the vaso- 
 motor system, and death results from cardiac 
 
ANESTHETIC 
 
 63 
 
 ANESTHETIC 
 
 paralysis. Chloroform should always be 
 administered freely mixed with air. The 
 Edinburgh Method of administering chloro- 
 form consists in giving as little of the an- 
 esthetic as will bring about rapid and com- 
 plete narcosis, as evinced by lack of reflexes 
 and muscular excitability. Franck-Rosen- 
 berg's Method, the preliminary cocainization 
 of the nares before the use of chloroform; 
 same as Gersler's Method. The Lister 
 Method, also known as the Scotch or Open 
 Method, consists in pouring a small amount 
 of the anesthetic upon a common towel 
 arranged in a square of 6 folds, and hold- 
 ing this as near to the face as can be borne 
 without inconvenience. Wohlgemuth' s Method, 
 the use of oxygen combined with chloro- 
 form by means of a special apparatus; also 
 called the chloroform - oxygen method. 
 Ethene Chlorid, formerly called ethylene 
 chlorid, Dutch liquid, chloric ether, closely 
 resembles chloroform, but is less depressant 
 to the heart, and is considered safer than 
 chloroform. Death results from paralysis of 
 the respiratory centers. Ether, by inhala- 
 tion, is probably the safest known agent 
 for the production of prolonged narcosis. Its 
 action is directed largely to the nervous 
 system, which becomes profoundly affected. 
 It frequently causes spasmodic action and 
 suspension of respiration. Death results 
 from paralysis of respiration. It may be 
 administered alone or in combination with 
 nitrous oxid gas, in which case the patient 
 is more rapidly narcotized. In Cole's Method 
 of administering ether the anesthetic is 
 preceded by inhalation of nitrous oxid 
 gas. Kocher's Method; Poitou-Duplessy' s 
 Method: the use of ethyl bromid as a 
 preliminary to etherization. The Schleich 
 Method for general anesthesia consists in 
 the administration of small doses of chloro- 
 form, petroleum ether, and sulfuric ether. 
 Ethidene Chlorid is similar in its action 
 to chloroform. Patients take a longer time 
 to recover consciousness than when chloro- 
 form is used, but they experience fewer 
 after-effects. Anesthetization occurs in 
 from 3 to 5 minutes. Hydrobromic Ether 
 {ethyl bromid) produces unconsciousness 
 and anesthesia in one minute, and com- 
 plete muscular relaxation in 2 or 3 minutes. 
 The heart's action is somewhat weakened. 
 Return to consciousness after withdrawal of 
 the ether is very prompt. Its use may be 
 followed by vomiting. According to some 
 observers, death results from cardiac failure, 
 while others believe it kills by direct action 
 upon the respiratory center. It is best ad- 
 ministered by an Allis inhaler, and is of 
 most service in minor surgery for short 
 operations. Nitrous Oxid, by inhalation, 
 is much used by dentists as an anesthetic 
 in the extraction of teeth. The symptoms 
 resemble those of asphyxia, hence it is more 
 important to watch the respiration than the 
 pulse. It may be employed in minor surgical 
 
 operations. There are but few after-effects, 
 those most often observed being headache 
 and malaise. A. (General) Mixtures, con- 
 tain combinations of substances for pro- 
 ducing anesthesia. The following are the 
 most important: A. C. E. Mixture: Al- 
 cohol, sp. gr. 0.838, 1 part; chloroform, 
 sp. gr. 1.497, 2 parts; ether, sp. gr-. 0.735, 
 3 parts. Billroth's: Chloroform, 3 parts; 
 alcohol and ether, each, 1 part. Linhart's: 
 Alcohol, 1; chloroform, 4. It is administered 
 similarly to chloroform. Martind ale's: A 
 volumetric mixture, the ingredients of which 
 evaporate almost uniformly; it consists of 
 absolute alcohol, sp. gr. 0.795, * volume; 
 chloroform, sp. gr. 1.498, 2 volumes; pure' 
 ether, sp. gr. 0.720, 3 volumes. Medico- 
 Chirurgical Society of London: Ether, 
 3; chloroform, 2; alcohol, 1. Methylene 
 or Methylene Bichlorid: A mixture of 
 methylic alcohol 30% and chloroform 70%. 
 The socalled "liquid of Regnault" con- 
 sisted of 80 % chloroform, 20 % methylic 
 alcohol. Methylene is not much used, 
 several deaths from cardiac paralysis having 
 occurred from its employment. M. S. Mix- 
 ture: Ether, 57 parts; chloroform, 43 parts. 
 Nussbaum's: Ether, 3; chloroform, 1; al- 
 cohol, 1. Richardson's: Alcohol, 2; chloro- 
 form, 2; ether, 3. Sanford's: The socalled 
 "chloramyl" is a mixture of chloroform 
 and amyl nitrite in the proportion of 2 
 drams of the nitrite to the pound of chloro- 
 form. It is a dangerous mixture, both drugs 
 depressing the heart. Vienna General 
 Hospital: Ether, 9; chloroform, 30; alco- 
 hol, 9. Vienna Mixture: Ether, 3; chlo- 
 roform, 1. Von Mering's: Chloroform, 1 
 volume; dimethylacetal, 2 volumes. It is 
 said not to produce failure of respiration 
 or of heart nor lowering of the blood-pres- 
 sure. Wachmuth's: One-fifth part of oil 
 of turpentine is added to the chloroform. 
 It is said to prevent any danger of heart- 
 failure. A., Local, an anesthetic that, 
 locally applied, produces absence of sensa- 
 tion in the organ or tissue so treated. Al- 
 cohol, locally, removes sensation to pain, 
 while tactile sense persists. Cool the alco- 
 hol to about io° below the freezing-point, 
 by placing it in ice and salt, and place the 
 part to be numbed in it. Chlorethyl, in va- 
 por form, is useful in minor and dental surgery. 
 Chlorid of Methyl, CH 3 C1, allowing the 
 liquid chlorid to drop on the skin or mucous 
 membrane. Unless kept carefully under con- 
 trol, the vitality of the tissues may be affected 
 by the substance. Cocain is used in subcu- 
 taneous injections by painting over mucous 
 or cutaneous surfaces, or, in the case of 
 the eye, by instillation. As a paint, a 20% 
 solution is used, weaker preparations being 
 of little value over cutaneous surfaces; 
 several coats are necessary. A 10 % solu- 
 tion should be used on mucous surfaces; 
 for the eye, a 2 to 4% solution will answer, 
 and this solution is strong enough when 
 
ANESTHETIC 
 
 64 
 
 ANEURIC 
 
 cocain is employed as a spray. Hypodermat- 
 ically, 2-5 min. (0.12-0.3 Cc.) of a 10 to 20% 
 solution are usually injected, and this may 
 be repeated 2 or 3 times during the opera- 
 tion. Disulfid of Carbon, by spray or 
 irrigation, is a local anesthetic, but has a 
 disgusting odor and is a powerful poison. 
 Ether, in spray, is also a local anesthetic. 
 The anesthesia thus produced is confined to 
 the skin and is very transient. It may pro- 
 duce a slough from excessive freezing. Hy- 
 drogen Dioxid injected under the epider- 
 mis is recommended for complete and im- 
 mediate anesthesia. Isotonic Solution, in 
 anesthesia, any solution of the same specific 
 gravity and the same freezing-point as the 
 normal tissue; it can be employed without 
 causing pain from osmotic disturbances. 
 Phenol painted over the skin — its action, 
 however, is caustic. Rhigolene, in spray, 
 is used in a manner similar to that of 
 ether. Bernard's Method of local anes- 
 thesia. Same as Nussbaum's Method. In 
 Ceci's Mixed Morphin-cocain Method the 
 local anesthetic action of an analgesic drug 
 is preceded or supplemented by the action 
 of morphin or other cerebral anodyne. The 
 Coming-Bier Method consists in the injec- 
 tion of a solution of cocain hydrochlorid 
 into the subarachnoid space through a punc- 
 ture made in the lumbar or lumbosacral 
 region. Crile's Blocking Method is iden- 
 tical in principle and technic with the Corn- 
 ing-Bier method, except that it is applied 
 at a higher level, by injecting the brachial 
 plexus in the supraclavicular space. Cush- 
 ing's Method, the morphin-cocain-chloroform 
 anesthesia: in addition to a preliminary 
 hypodermatic injection of morphin the local 
 anesthetic action of cocain or other local 
 analgesic is preceded or supplemented by 
 the effects of a general inhalation-anesthetic, 
 such as chloroform. Infiltration, Neural, 
 Method, preliminary infiltration of the derm 
 precedes the cocainization of the nerve- 
 fibers which supply the area of the opera- 
 tion. Intraneural Method, after preliminary 
 anesthesia of the skin the large nerve-trunks 
 that supply the region are brought to view 
 by dissection and directly injected with the 
 needle. Korff's Method, a modification of 
 Schneiderlin's, in that the use of hypoder- 
 matic injections of scopolamin hydrobromid, 
 T¥T g r - (°-4 mg.), and morphin, \ gr. (0.9 eg.), 
 is followed by the administration of a few 
 drops of chloroform by the mask. Kro gin's 
 Method. Same as Oberst's Method. Rum- 
 mer's Method, the application of an elastic 
 constrictor to intensify the action of ether 
 spray. Oberst's Method, the injection of a 
 weak solution of cocain along the nerve- 
 trunks supplying the parts. Paraneural 
 Method, the anesthetizing solution is in- 
 jected in the vicinity of the nerve-trunk, or 
 as closely as possible to the nerve supplying 
 the area of operation. Schleich Infiltration 
 Method, is produced by the hypodermatic 
 
 injection of cocain combined with a weak 
 salt solution, and by the addition of a little 
 morphin the anesthetic action is prolonged. 
 (Cocain hydrochlorid, 1 J gr. (0.097 Gin.); mor- 
 phin hydrochlorid, \ gr. (0.02 Gm.); common 
 salt, 3 gr. (0.19 Gm.), dissolved in 3 oz. and 3 
 dr. (100 Cc.) of sterilized water.) Schneider- 
 lin's Method, the use of a combination of sco- 
 polamin hydrobromid (hyoscin hydrobromid) 
 2^0 g r - (°-3. m g-)> and morphin, \ gr. (0.9 eg.). 
 To be administered hypodermatically and re- 
 peated after 1 or 2 hours. It is asserted to be 
 absolutely free from danger to life. Scopolam- 
 in-morphin. See Korff's Method. Spinal Sub- 
 arachnoid Method. See Coming-Bier Method. 
 Tait and Caglieri's Method, spinal cocainiza- 
 tion by injection of cocain into the sixth cer- 
 vical intervertebral space. Tujfier's Method. 
 See Coming-Bier Method. A. (Local) Mix- 
 tures : Bagot's Mixture, contains cocain 
 hydrochlorid, 0.04; spartein sulfate, 0.05; 
 this is dissolved in 1 or 2 Cc. of boiled water. 
 Bonain's Mixture, for anesthesia of the 
 external surface of the tympanic membrane: 
 Phenol, menthol, cocain hydrochlorid, of 
 each, 1.0; or phenol, 2.9; menthol, 0.5; 
 cocain hydrochlorid, 1.0. Heinze and 
 Braun's Solution for general infiltration: 
 /?-eucain, 0.1; sodium chlorid, 0.8; distilled 
 water, 100. Lohmann's (W.) Solution: 
 4 % /?-eucain solution with 8 % of sodium 
 chlorid. Luxenburger's Solution, a 2 % 
 solution of nirvanin. Reclus' Solution, a 
 2 % /?-eucain solution. 
 
 Anesthetization {an-es-thet-iz-a' -shun) \av- 
 o.'codi]Tog, insensible]. The act of placing un- 
 der the influence of an anesthetic. 
 
 Anesthetize {an-es' -thet-iz) [see Anesthetiza- 
 tion]. To put under the influence of an an- 
 esthetic. 
 
 Anesthetizer {an-es 1 ' -thet-i-zer) [see Anestheti- 
 zation]. One who administers an anesthetic. 
 
 Anesthyl {an-es' -thiV) . A local anesthetic said 
 to consist of ethyl chlorid, 5 parts; methyl 
 chlorid, 1 part. 
 
 Anethol {an' -eth-ol) \anethum; oleum, oil], C 10 - 
 H 12 0. The chief constituent of the essen- 
 tial oils of anise and fennel. It is employed 
 in preparing the elixir anethi (N. F.), being 
 more fragrant and agreeable than the anise 
 oil. A., Liquid, an isomeric modification of 
 anethol; it is an antiseptic, oil-like liquid. 
 Syn., Isanethol. 
 
 Anethum {an-e'-thum) [dva, up; aWetv, to burn, 
 from the pungency of the seeds]. Dill; 
 the dried fruit of Peucedanum graveolens, 
 indigenous to southern Europe. It is aroma- 
 tic, carminative, and stimulant. Dose of the 
 oil {oleum anethi, B. P.) 1-4 min. (0.06-0.24 
 Cc.).; of the water {aqua anethi, B. P.) 1-2 
 oz. (30-60 Cc). 
 
 Anetodermia {an-et-o-der' -me-ah) [dverSc, re- 
 laxed; okpjia, skin]. Relaxation of the skin. 
 
 Aneuria {ah-nu'-re-ah) [a, priv.; veupov, a 
 nerve]. Lack of nervous power. 
 
 Aneuric {ah-nu'-rik) [see Aneuria]. Character- 
 ized by aneuria. 
 
ANEURYSM 
 
 65 
 
 ANEURYSM 
 
 Aneurysm Laid Open. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Aneurysm (an' -u-rizm) [dvsupuo/xa, a widen- 
 ing]. A circumscribed dilation of the walls 
 of an artery. The symptoms of aneurysm 
 depend upon the location of the aneurysmal 
 tumor. Expansive pulsation and a bruit are 
 important; very significant are the socalled 
 pressure-symptoms, which vary with the or- 
 gan or part pressed upon. Syn., Abscessus 
 spirit uosus . 
 A., Abdomi- 
 nal, an aneu- 
 rysm of the ab- 
 dominal aorta. 
 A., Active, 
 cardiac dila- 
 tion with hy- 
 pertrophy. 
 A., Acute, an 
 ulceration of 
 the heart-wall 
 which, by com- 
 munic ating 
 with one of the 
 chambers of the heart, forms an aneurysmal 
 pouch. A., Ampullary, a small saccular 
 aneurysm; it is most common in the arteries 
 of the brain. A. by Anastomosis, a dila- 
 tion of a large number of vessels, — small 
 arteries, veins, and capillaries, — the whole 
 forming a pulsating tumor under the skin. 
 This form of aneurysm is especially seen upon 
 the scalp. A., 
 Arteriovenous, 
 the simultaneous 
 rupture of an 
 artery and a vein, 
 the blood from 
 both being poured 
 out into the 
 cellular tissue 
 and forming a 
 false aneurysm. 
 A varicose aneu- 
 rysm is produced 
 by the rupture of 
 an aneurysm into 
 a vein. An aneu- 
 rysmal varix re- 
 sults from the 
 establishment of 
 a communication 
 between an artery 
 and a vein, the 
 latter becoming 
 dilated and pul- 
 sating. A., 
 Bell's, aneurys- 
 mal varix. A., 
 Berard's, a vari- 
 cose aneurysm 
 with the sac in 
 the tissues immediately around the vein. A., 
 Cardiac, an aneurysm of the heart. A., Cir- 
 cumscribed, an aneurysm, either true or false, 
 in which the contents are still within the 
 artery though there may be rupture of one 
 or two 6i its coats. A., Cirsoid, a tortuous 
 6 
 
 Aneurysmal Varix.- 
 lin.) 
 
 -(Moul- 
 
 lengthening and dilation of a part of an 
 artery. A., Compound, one in which one 
 or several of the coats of the artery are rup- 
 tured and the others merely dilated. A., 
 Consecutive, A., Diffused, follows rupture 
 of all the arterial coats, with infiltration of 
 surrounding tissues with blood. A., Dis- 
 secting, one in which the blood forces its 
 way between the coats of an artery. A., 
 Ectatic, an expansion of a portion of an 
 artery due to yielding of all the coats. A., 
 Endogenous, one formed by disease of the 
 vessel-walls. A., Exogenous, one due to 
 traumatism. A., External, i. One remote 
 from the great body-cavities. 2. One in 
 which the cavity of the tumor is entirely 
 or chiefly outside of the inner coat of the 
 artery. A., False, A., Spurious, one due 
 to a rupture of all the coats of an artery, 
 
 Cirsoid Aneurysm of Scalp. — {Moullin.) 
 
 the effused blood being retained by the sur- 
 rounding tissues. A., Fusiform, a spindle- 
 shaped dilation of an artery. A., Hernial, 
 one in which the internal coat of the artery, 
 with or without the middle coat, forms the 
 aneurysmal sac which has forced its way 
 through an opening in the outer coat. A., 
 Lateral, an aneurysm projecting^ on one side 
 of a vessel, the rest of the circumference 
 being intact. A., Miliary, a sac-like dila- 
 tion of an arteriole, often the size of a 
 pin's head. A., Osteoid, a pulsating tumor 
 of a bone. A., Park's, a variety of ar- 
 teriovenous aneurysm in which the arterial 
 dilation communicates with two contiguous 
 veins. A., Partial. 1. See A., Lateral. 2. 
 An aneurysmal dilation of a portion of 
 the heart. A., Passive, A., Passive Car- 
 diac, cardiac dilation with thinning of 
 
ANEURYSMAL 
 
 66 
 
 ANGIOCHEILOSCOPE 
 
 the heart-wall. A., Peripheral, A., Peri- 
 pheric, one involving the whole circumfer- 
 ence of an artery. A., Pott's. Same as 
 Aneurysmal Varix. A., Racemose. See A., 
 Cirsoid. A., Rasmussen's, dilation of an 
 artery in a tuberculous cavity; its rupture 
 is a frequent cause of hemorrhage. A., 
 Rodrigues', a varicose aneurysm in which 
 the sac is immediately contiguous to the 
 artery. A., Sacculated, a sac -like dilation 
 of an artery communicating with the main 
 arterial trunk by an opening that is rela- 
 tively small. A., Spurious. See A., False. 
 A., Subclavicular, an aneurysm of the 
 axillary artery at a point too high to ad- 
 mit of ligation below the clavicle. A., Sur- 
 gical. See A., External. A., True, one in 
 which the sac is formed of one, two, or all of 
 the arterial coats. A., Varicose. See under 
 A., Arteriovenous. 
 
 Aneurysmal {an-u-riz' -mat) [see Aneurysm]. 
 Of the nature of or pertaining to an aneu- 
 rysm. A. Varix. See under Aneurysm, Ar- 
 teriovenous. 
 
 Anex {an'-eks). An abbreviation of anode ex- 
 citation. 
 
 Angeio- {an-je-o-). See Angio-. 
 
 Angelica {an-jeV -ik-ah) [L.]. The seeds and 
 root of Angelica archangelica. It is an aro- 
 matic stimulant and emmenagog. Dose of 
 the seeds or roots 30 gr.-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). 
 
 Angel's Wing {dn'-jelz wing). A deformity 
 of the scapula in which it turns forward 
 and then backward, giving the shoulder a 
 peculiar dorsal bulge. 
 
 Angi {an'-je). Inguinal buboes. 
 
 Angiectasis {an-ji-ek' -tas-is) [ayje'cov, a vessel; 
 eKzaacg, dilation]. Abnormal dilation of a 
 vessel. 
 
 Angiitis, Angeitis {an-je-V -tis) [ajyelov, a 
 vessel; ncc, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of a lymph-vessel or of a blood-vessel. 
 
 Angina {an'-jin-ah or an-ji'-nah) [angere, to 
 strangle]. Any disease attended by a sense 
 of choking or suffocation, particularly an 
 affection of the fauces or pharynx presenting 
 such symptoms. A. acuta, simple sore throat. 
 Syn., Angina simplex. A. aphthosa, A., 
 Aphthous, a form attended with the for- 
 mation of aphthas in some part of the throat. 
 A., Cardiac, angina pectoris. A. cruris, 
 intermittent lameness. A. exsudativa, croup. 
 A. externa. Synonym of Mumps. A., 
 Fibrinous, a noninfectious disease of the 
 throat simulating diphtheria, marked by the 
 formation of a layer of fibrinous exudation 
 which is chiefly confined to the tonsils. The 
 constitutional symptoms are slight. A., Fol- 
 licular, clergyman's sore throat. See Phar- 
 yngitis, Granular. A., Herpetic, angina 
 observed in connection with smallpox and 
 herpes, marked by formation of vesicles 
 in the throat which may be attended with 
 patches of exudation. A. laryngea. Syn- 
 onym of Laryngitis. A. lingualis. Same 
 as Glossitis. A. ludovici, A., Ludwig's, 
 acute suppurative inflammation of the con- 
 
 nective tissue surrounding the submaxillary 
 glands. A. maxillaris, mumps. A. mem- 
 branacea. Synonym of Diphtheria. A. 
 parotidea, the mumps, or parotitis. A. 
 pectoris, a paroxysmal neurosis with in- 
 tense pain and oppression about the heart. 
 It usually occurs in the male after 40 years 
 of age, and is generally associated with dis- 
 eased conditions of the heart and aorta. 
 There is a sense of impending death, and 
 frequently there is a fatal termination. A. 
 pectoris vasomotoria, a term given by 
 Nothnagel and Landois to an angina as- 
 sociated with vasomotor disturbances, cold- 
 ness of the surface, etc. A., Phlegmonous. 
 1. An inflammation of the mucous and sub- 
 mucous tissues of the throat, with a tendency 
 to extend more deeply, attended by edema- 
 tous swelling. 2. Acute inflammation of the 
 deep-seated structures of the throat, with a 
 tendency to pus-formation. A., Pseudo-, a 
 neurosis occurring in anemic females, simu- 
 lating angina pectoris, but characterized by a 
 less grave set of symptoms and never result- 
 ing fatally. A., Pultaceous, an affection of 
 the throat marked by the presence of whitish 
 or grayish patches which are easily detached, 
 as they are not true exudations. A., Rheu- 
 matic, a form of catarrhal angina in rheu- 
 matic persons, marked by sudden onset of 
 intense pain on swallowing. A. serosa, A., 
 Serous. 1. Catarrhal angina. 2. Edema of 
 the glottis. A. simplex. See A. acuta. A., 
 Thymic. 1. Laryngismus stridulus. 2. 
 Bronchial asthma. A. tonsillans, quinsy. 
 A. trachealis, croup. A., Ulceromem- 
 branous. See Tonsillitis, Herpetic. A. 
 varicosa, dyspnea due to enlarged tonsil- 
 lar vessels. A. vera, A. vera et legitima, 
 quinsy. A., Vincent's, diphtheroid angina 
 (ulceromembranous angina) due to Bacillus 
 pseudodiphthericB. 
 
 Anginoid {an' -jin-oid) [see Angina]. Resemb- 
 ling angina. 
 
 Anginose {an'-jin-os) [see Angina]. Pertain- 
 ing to angina; characterized by symptoms of 
 suffocation. 
 
 Angio- {an-je-o-). A prefix signifying relating 
 to a vessel. 
 
 Angioataxia {an -je-o-at- aks'-e - ah) [angio-; 
 axa^ca, want of order]. An irregularity in 
 the tension of the blood-vessels. 
 
 Angioblast {an' -je-o-blast) [angio-, fiXaozoc-, a 
 germ]. An embryonic cell developing into 
 vascular tissue. 
 
 Angiocardiokinetic {an-je-o-kar-de-o-kin-el'-ik) 
 [angio-; napoca, heart; ntveiv, to move]. 1. 
 Stimulating or affecting the action or move- 
 ments of the heart and blood-vessels. 2. A 
 drug which stimulates or affects the move- 
 ments of the heart and blood-vessels. 
 
 Angiocavernous {an-je-o -kav'-er-nus). Relat- 
 ing to cavernous angioma. 
 
 Angioceratodeitis. See Angiokeratoditis. 
 
 Angiocheiloscope {an-je-o-ki'-lo-skop) [angio-; 
 Xettof, a lip; okotceIv, to look]. An instru- 
 ment by means of which the blood-circulation 
 
ANGIOCHOLITIS 
 
 67 
 
 ANGIOPLEROSIS 
 
 in the capillaries of the mucosa of the lips is 
 magnified for observation. 
 
 Angiocholitis (an-je-o-ko-W -tis) [angio-; x°tf> 
 bile; exec, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the biliary ducts. 
 
 Angioderma pigmentosum (an-je-o-der' -mah 
 pig-men-to' -sum) . See Atrophoderma. 
 
 Angiofibroma (an-je-o- fi-bro f -mah). A fibrous 
 degenerating angioma. 
 
 Angiogenesis, Angiogeny (an-je-o-jen'-es-is, 
 an-je-og'-en-e) [angio-; yevvdv, to produce]. 
 The development of the vessels. 
 
 Angioglioma (an-je-o-gli-o' -mah) [angio-; gli- 
 oma]. A glioma rich in blood-vessels. 
 
 Angiograph {an' -je-o-graf) [angio-; ypdejieev, to 
 write]. A variety of sphygmograph. 
 
 Angiography (an-je-o g f -ra-fe) [see Angiograph]. 
 A description of the vessels; angiology. 
 
 Angiokeratoditis (an - je-o - ker -at-o-di' ' - tis) 
 [angio-; nkpac, cornea; exec, inflammation]. 
 Vascular keratitis. 
 
 Angiokeratoma (an-je-o -ker-at-o' '-mah) [angio-; 
 Kepaf, horn; o/xa, tumor]. Lymphangiec- 
 tasis; telangiectatic wart; a very rare dis- 
 ease of the extremities, characterized by 
 warty-looking growths that develop on di- 
 lated vessels in persons with chilblains, etc. 
 Dark vascular spots the size of pin-points or pin- 
 heads develop as an attack of chilblains is 
 subsiding. The disease is peculiar to child- 
 hood. 
 
 Angiokinesis (an-je-o-kin-e' -sis) [angio-; kcvs'cv, 
 to move]. Excitation or action of the blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Angioleucitis (an-je-o-lu-si' '-tis) [angio-; Xeunoc, 
 white; neg, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Angioleukasia (an-je-o-lu-ka' '-zhe-ah) [angio-; 
 hunog, white; luzaocc, dilation]. Dilation of 
 the lymphatics. 
 
 Angiolithic (an-je-o -lith' -ik) [angio-; a Woe, a 
 stone]. A term applied to neoplasms in 
 which crystalline or mineral deposits take 
 place, with hyaline degeneration of the coats 
 of the vessels. 
 
 Angiology (an-je-oV -o-je) [angio-; Xoyoc, sci- 
 ence]. The science of the blood-vessels and 
 lymphatics. 
 
 Angiolymphitis (an-je-o-limf-i'-tis). Same as 
 Angioleucitis. 
 
 Angiolymphoma (an-je-o-limf-o' '-mah) [angio-; 
 lympha, lymph; ofxa, tumor]. A tumor formed 
 of lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Angioma (an-je-o' -mah) [angio-; bp.a, a tumor]. 
 A tumor formed of blood-vessels. A., Cav- 
 ernous, an angioma with communicating 
 blood-spaces, like the cavernous tissue of 
 the penis, originating chiefly from the dis- 
 tended veins. Syn., Angioma cavernosum; 
 Angioma circumscriptum. A., Fissural, Vir- 
 chow's name for a nevus which he judged, 
 from its location, corresponding to that of 
 a fetal fissure, might be due to a disposi- 
 tion to form anomalies on the part of the 
 region adjacent to the fissures. A., Plexi- 
 form, one consisting of enlarged, tortuous 
 capillaries forming a patch varying in color 
 
 from claret to steel-blue; if there is great 
 increase of blood-vessels, the growth has the 
 character of a tumor, and large examples 
 of this variety are lobular in structure. A., 
 Telangiectatic, an angioma composed of 
 dilated blood-vessels. A., Tuberose, A., 
 Tuberous, one occurring in subcutaneous 
 tissue and presenting the appearance of a 
 lipoma as it gradually replaces the adipose 
 tissue, or it may be accompanied by a true 
 fatty growth. 
 
 Angiomalacia (an-je-o-mal-a' -she-ah) [angio-; 
 [laXan'ca, a softening]. Softening of the blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Angiometer (an-je-om' '-et-er) . See Sphygmo- 
 graph. 
 
 Angiomyces (an-je-o-mi'-sez) [angio^; [lOK-qc, a 
 fungus; an excrescence]. A fungoid or 
 spongy dilation of the capillaries. 
 
 Angiomyocardiac (an-je-o-mi-o-kar' -de-ak) [an- 
 gio-; fide, muscle; napd'ca, the heart]. Per- 
 taining to the muscles of the vessels of the 
 heart. 
 
 Angiomyopathy (an-je-o-mi-op' -a-ihe) [angio-; 
 p,uc, muscle; noBoc, disease]. Any affection 
 of the vessels involving the musculature. 
 
 Angiomyosarcoma (an-je-o-mi-o-sar-ko'-mah) . 
 A tumor containing elements of angioma, 
 myoma, and sarcoma. 
 
 Angioneurectomy (an-je-o-nu-rek' -to-me) [an- 
 gio-; veupov, nerve; e/cro/^, excision]. Resec- 
 tion of all the cord-elements of the prostate 
 except the vas, with its artery and vein. 
 
 Angioneuroedema (an-je-o-nu-ro-e-de' -mah) . 
 See Angioneurotic Edema. 
 
 Angioneurosis (an-je-o-nu-ro' -sis) [angio-; neu- 
 rosis]. A neurosis of the blood-vessels; a 
 disturbance of the vasomotor system, either 
 of the nature of a spasm of the blood- 
 vessels (angiospasm) or of paralysis (angio- 
 paralysis). 
 
 Angioneurotic (an-je-o-nu-rof -ik) [see Angio- 
 neurosis]. Pertaining to angioneurosis. A. 
 Edema, an acute circumscribed swelling of 
 the subcutaneous or submucous tissues, prob- 
 ably due to vasomotor lesion. The disease 
 often runs in families. It is at times peri- 
 odic, and is associated with colic and gastric 
 disturbances. 
 
 Angiopancreatitis (an-je-o-pan-kre-at-i' -tis) . 
 Inflammation of the vascular tissue of the 
 pancreas. 
 
 Angioparalysis (an-je-o-par-aV '-is-is) [angio-; 
 xapaXuocc, paralysis]. Vasomotor paralysis. 
 
 Angioparalytic (an-je-o-par-al-if -ik) [see An- 
 gioparalysis]. Relating to or characterized 
 by angioparalysis. 
 
 Angioparesis (an-je-o-par' '-es-is) [angio-; %dpt- 
 occ, paresis]. Partial paralysis of the vaso- 
 motor apparatus. 
 
 Angiopathy (an-je-op'-a-the) [angio-; nadoc, 
 disease]. Any disease of the vascular sys- 
 tem. 
 
 Angiophorous (an-je-o J'-or-us) [angio-; (fropstv, 
 to bear]. Applied to tissue which accom- 
 panies and supports vessels. 
 
 Angioplerosis (an -je-o- pier - o'- sis) [angio-; 
 
ANGIOPRESSURE 
 
 68 
 
 ANGLE 
 
 nXripu)acc, a filling-up]. Engorgement of the 
 vessels. 
 
 Angiopressure (an-je-o-presh'-ur). The pro- 
 duction of hemostasis by means of angio- 
 tribe and forceps without ligation. 
 
 Angiorhigosis (an-je-o-ri-go'-sis) [angio-; p'c-fog, 
 cold]. Rigidity of the vessels. 
 
 Angiorrhexis (an-je-or-eks'-is) [angio-; pr)£cc, a 
 bursting]. Rupture of a blood-vessel. 
 
 Angiosarcoma (an-je-o-sar-ko'-mah) [angio-; 
 oap$, flesh; o/ia, a tumor]. A vascular sar- 
 coma. 
 
 Angiosclerosis (an-je-o-skle-ro'-sis) [angio-; 
 okXtjpoc, hard]. The induration and thicken- 
 ing of the walls of the blood-vessels. 
 
 Angiosialitis (an-je-o-si-al-i' -tis) [angio-; o'caXov, 
 saliva; exec, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the duct of a salivary gland. 
 
 Angiosis (an- je-o' -sis) [dyjelov, a vessel]. Any 
 disease of blood-vessels or of lymphatics. 
 
 Angiospasm (an' -je-o-spazm) [angio-; oTzaojioc-, 
 a spasm]. A vasomotor spasm. 
 
 Angiospastic (an-je-o-spas'-tik) [see Angio- 
 spasm]. Characterized by or of the nature 
 of angiospasm. 
 
 Angiostenosis (an -je-o- sten - o'- sis) [angio-; 
 Gzkvojacc, a narrowing]. Narrowing of a ves- 
 sel. 
 
 Angiosteogenic, Angiosteogenous (an-je-o- 
 ste-oj'-en-ik, -us) [angio-; ooriov, a bone; 
 yevvav, to produce]. Relating to, producing, 
 or produced by calcification of the vessels. 
 
 Angiosymphysis (an -je-o- sim r - fiz - is) [angio-; 
 adficfruacf, a growing together]. The growing 
 together of vessels. 
 
 Angiosynizesis (an -je -o- sin -e-ze f - sis) [angio-; 
 ouvc^avetv, to collapse]. The collapse of the 
 walls of a vessel and subsequent growing 
 together. 
 
 Angiotelectasia, Angiotelectasis (an je-o-tel- 
 ek-ta'-ze-ah, an-je-o-tel-ek'-ta-sis). See Tel- 
 angiectasis. 
 
 Angiotenic (an- je-o -ten' -ik) [angio-; re'eveev, to 
 stretch]. Due to or marked by distention of 
 the blood-vessels. 
 
 Angioteria (an-je-o-te' -re-ah) [angio-; xkpic, a 
 wonder]. An abnormal development of the 
 vascular system. 
 
 Angio thlipsis (an-je-o-thlip'-sis) [angio-; Ol't- 
 fteev, to rub; to gall]. The abrasion of a ves- 
 sel. 
 
 Angiotitis (an-je-o-ti' -tis) [angio-; otitis]. In- 
 flammation of the blood-vessels of the ear. 
 
 Angiotome (an' -je-o -torn) [angio-; rop.Tj, a cut- 
 ting]. The vascular tissue of an embryonic 
 metamere. 
 
 Angiotomy (an-je-ot'-o-me) [see Angiotome]. 
 i. Incision into a vessel. 2. That branch of 
 anatomy relating to the vascular system. 
 
 Angio tribe (an'-je-o-trib) [angio-; rpCjSsiv, to 
 grind or bruise]. A clamp furnished with 
 powerful jaws used by Turner to occlude 
 arteries in vaginal hysterectomy. 
 
 Angiotripsy (an-je-o-trip'-se) [see Angiotribe]. 
 Vascular torsion and compression by means 
 of the angiotribe. 
 
 Angle, Angulus (ang'-gl, ang'-gu-lus) [an- 
 
 gulus, an angle]. 1. A corner. 2. The de- 
 gree of divergence of two lines or planes that 
 meet each other; the space between two such 
 lines. A. of Aberration. See A. of Devia- 
 tion. A., Acromial, that formed between 
 the head of the humerus and the clavicle. 
 A., Alpha, in optics, that formed by the 
 intersection of the visual line and optic 
 axis. A., Alveolar, that formed between a 
 line passing through a spot beneath the nasal 
 spine and the most prominent point of the 
 lower edge of the alveolar process of the 
 superior maxilla and the cephalic horizontal 
 line. A. of Aperture, in optics, that in- 
 cluded between two lines joining the oppo- 
 site points of the periphery of a lens and 
 the focus. A., Biorbital, in optics, that 
 formed by the intersection of the axes of 
 the orbits. A., Costal, the angle formed by 
 the meeting of ribs at the ensiform cartilage. 
 A., Critical, that made by a beam of light 
 passing from a rarer to a denser medium, 
 with the perpendicular, without being en- 
 tirely reflected. A. of Deviation. 1. In 
 magnetism, the angle traversed by the 
 needle when disturbed by some magnetic 
 force. 2. In optics, that formed by a re- 
 fracted ray and the prolongation of the inci- 
 dent ray. A. of Elevation, in optics, that 
 made by the visual plane with its primary 
 position when moved upward or downward. 
 A. of Incidence, in optics, the angle at 
 which a ray of light strikes a denser medium 
 and undergoes reflection or refraction. A. 
 of Inclination (of Pelvic Canal) , in obstet- 
 rics, that formed by the anterior wall of the 
 pelvis with the conjugate diameter. A. of 
 Inclination (of Pelvis), in obstetrics, that 
 formed by the pelvis with the general line 
 of the trunk, or that formed by the plane of 
 the inferior strait with the horizon. A. of 
 Jaw, the junction of the lower border of 
 the ramus of the mandible with its posterior 
 border. A., Limiting. , See A., Critical. 
 A. of the Lips, that formed by the union 
 of the lips at each extremity of the mouth. 
 A., Louis', that between the manubrium 
 and gladiolus of the sternum. A., Lud- 
 wig's. See A., Louis'. A., Meter-, in 
 optics, the degree of convergence of the 
 eyes when centered on an object one meter 
 distant from each. A., Optic, that in- 
 cluded between lines joining the extremities 
 of an object and the nodal point. The small- 
 est is about 30 seconds. A. of Polarization, 
 in optics, the angle of reflection at which 
 light is most completely polarized. A. 
 of the Pubes, that formed by the junction 
 of the pubic bones at the symphysis. A. of 
 Reflection, in optics, that which a reflected 
 ray of light makes with a line drawn perpen- 
 dicular to the point of incidence. A. of 
 Refraction, in optics, that which exists 
 between a refracted ray of light and a line 
 drawn perpendicular to the point of inci- 
 dence. A., Rolandic, the acute angle formed 
 by the fissure of Rolando with the superior 
 
ANGLESEY LEG 69 
 
 border of the cerebral hemisphere. A., 
 Sacrovertebral, that which the sacrum forms 
 with the last lumbar vertebra. A., Sterno- 
 clavicular, that existing between the clavicle 
 and the sternum. A., Subcostal. See A., 
 Costal. A., Subpubic, that formed at the 
 pubic arch. A., Sylvian, the angle formed 
 by the posterior limb of the sylvian fissure 
 with a line perpendicular to the superior 
 border of the hemisphere. A., Visual. See 
 A., Optic. A., Xiphoid, that formed by the 
 sides of the xiphoid notch. 
 
 Anglesey Leg {an'-gl-se) [so called after 
 the Marquis of Anglesey], An artificial 
 limb formed from a solid piece of wood hol- 
 lowed out to receive the stump and provided 
 with a steel joint at the knee. The 
 ankle-joint was made of wood, to which 
 motion was communicated by strong cat- 
 gut strings posteriorly and a spiral spring 
 anteriorly. 
 
 Angophrasia {an-go-fra' -ze-ah) \p-TX^ cv ^ to 
 choke; (ppaotc, utterance]. A speech-defect 
 consisting of a choking, drawling utterance, 
 occurring in paralytic dementia. 
 
 Angor {an'-gor) [angor, a strangling]. Syn- 
 onymous with Angina. A. animi, a sense 
 of imminent dissolution. Afpectoris, angina 
 pectoris. 
 
 Anguillula {an-gwiV '-u-lah) [dim. of anguilla, 
 an eel]. A genus of parasitic roundworms. 
 A. stercoralis. See Threadworm. 
 
 Angular (an'-gu-lar) [angulus, an angle]. Per- 
 taining to an angle. A. Artery, the ter- 
 minal branch of the facial artery. A. 
 Gyrus, A. Convolution, a convolution of 
 the brain. See Convolution. A. Move- 
 ment, the movement between two bones that 
 may take place forward and backward or 
 inward and outward. A. Processes, the ex- 
 ternal and internal extremities of the orbital 
 arch of the frontal bone. 
 
 Angulation {an-gu-la' -shun) . The formation 
 of angular loops in the intestine. 
 
 Angulus [an' -gu-lus) . [L.]. See Angle. 
 
 Angustura {an-gus-tu f -rah) [Sp., Angostura, a 
 S. A. town]. Cusparia bark. The bark of 
 Galipea cusparia. It is a stimulant tonic and 
 febrifuge, used in malignant bilious fever, 
 intermittent fever, and dysentery. In large 
 doses it is emetic. Dose of fluidextract 
 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc); of the bark 
 10-40 gr. (0.6-2.5 Gm.); of the infusion 
 {infusum cusparice, B. P.) 1-2 oz. (30-60 
 Cc). 
 
 Anhalonin (an-hal-o 1 '-nin) [Anhalonium, a 
 genus of cacti], C 12 H 15 N0 3 . A poisonous 
 alkaloid from Anhalonium lewinii. It forms 
 salts with the ordinary acids. A. Hydro- 
 chlorate, C, 2 H 15 N0 3 HC1, is a cardiac and 
 respiratory stimulant and is used as is strych- 
 nin in angina pectoris, asthma, and pneu- 
 mothorax. 
 
 Anhelation {an-hel-a' -shun) [anhelare, to pant]. 
 Shortness of breath; dyspnea. 
 
 Anhelitus {an-heV -it-us) [L.]. 1. Respiration. 
 2. Difficult respiration; asthma. 
 
 ANIMAL 
 
 Anhematosis {an-hem-at-o 1 '-sis) [dv, priv.; 
 at/jtaroecv, to make bloody]. Defective for- 
 mation of the blood. 
 
 Anhidrosis {an-hid-ro' -sis) [dv, priv.; idpcoc, 
 sweat]. Partial or complete absence of sweat 
 secretion. 
 
 Anhidrotic (an-hid-rof -ik) [see Anhidrosis], 
 1. Tending to check sweating. 2. An agent 
 that checks sweating. 
 
 Anhydremia {an-hi-dre' -me-ah) [dv, priv.; 
 00 cop, water; dlp.a, blood]. The opposite of 
 hydremia. A diminution of the watery con- 
 stituents of the blood. 
 
 Anhydrid ian-hi' -drid) [dv, priv.'; uocop, 
 water]. A chemic compound, particularly 
 an acid, formed by the withdrawal of a mole- 
 cule of water. Carbon dioxid and sulfur 
 dioxid are examples. 
 
 Anhydrite {an-hi f -drit) . Anhydrous calcium 
 sulfate. 
 
 Anhydrous (an-hi' '-dries) [see Anhydrid], In 
 chemistry, a term used to denote the absence 
 of water. 
 
 Anianthinopsy {an-e-an-thin-op' -se) . See Ami- 
 anthinopsy. 
 
 Anideus {an-id' -e-us) [dv, priv.; e'edoc, form]. 
 The lowest form of omphalosite, in which 
 the parasitic fetus is reduced to a shapeless 
 mass of flesh covered with skin. 
 
 Anidrosis {an-id-ro'-sis). See Anhidrosis. 
 
 Anidrotic {an-id-rot'-ik). See Anhidrotic. 
 
 Anilid {an'-il-id) [Ar., al, the; nil, dark 
 blue]. A compound formed by the action of 
 acid chlorid or acid anhydrid upon anilin. 
 The anilids are very stable derivatives. 
 
 Anilidmetarsenite {an-il-id-met-ar' -sen-it) , C 6 - 
 H 6 N0 2 ASC 6 H 5 NHAs0 2 . A white, odorless 
 powder containing 37.69% of arsenic, about 
 half as much as arsenic trioxid. It dissolves 
 in water up to 20 %, and is used by sub- 
 cutaneous injection in skin diseases. Dose 
 f-3 gr. (0.05-0.2 Gm.) of 20 % solution a 
 day. Syn., Atoxyl. 
 
 Anilin (an'-il-in) [see Anilid], C 6 H 7 N. Amido- 
 benzene; -formed in the dry distillation of 
 bituminous coal, bones, indigo, isatin, and 
 other nitrogenous substances. It is made 
 by reducing nitrobenzene. It is a colorless 
 liquid with a faint, peculiar odor, boiling 
 at 183 ; its sp. gr. at o° is 1.036. When 
 perfectly pure, it solidifies on cooling, and 
 melts at — 8°. It is slightly soluble in 
 water, but dissolves readily in alcohol and 
 ether. Combined with chlorin, the chlorates, 
 and hypochlorites, it yields . the various 
 anilin dyes known by the names of a. purple, 
 a. green, a. black, a. blue, etc. It is used in 
 chorea and epilepsy in \ gr. (0.03 Gm.) doses. 
 Unof. Syn., Phenylamin; Benzidam; Crystal- 
 lin; Cyanol. 
 
 Anilism {an' -il-izm) [anilin]. An acute or 
 chronic disease produced in workmen in ani- 
 lin factories by the poisonous fumes. The 
 symptoms are debility, vertigo, gastrointesti- 
 nal disturbance, and cyanosis. 
 
 Animal ian'-i-mal) [anima, the spirit, breath, 
 or life]. An organism capable of ingesting 
 

 ANIMALCULE 
 
 70 
 
 ANITOL 
 
 and digesting food. No sharp line of distinc- 
 tion exists between the lowest animals and 
 certain vegetables. The higher animals are 
 distinguished by the power of locomotion and 
 the possession of a nervous system. A. 
 Charcoal, bone-black, ivory-black, etc., is 
 the product of the calcining of bones in 
 closed vessels. A. Chemistry, that con- 
 cerned with the composition of animal 
 bodies. A. Electricity, electricity gener- 
 ated in the body. A. -gum, C^H^O^ + 2- 
 H 2 0. A substance prepared from mucin by 
 Landwehr, and so named on account of its 
 resemblance to the gum of commerce. It 
 occurs in many tissues of the body, is soluble 
 in water, and in alkaline solution readily dis- 
 solves cupric oxid, the solution not being re- 
 duced on boiling. It yields no coloration 
 with iodin, and is very feebly dextrorotatory. 
 A. Heat, the normal temperature of the 
 body in man — about 98. 5 F. (37 C). A. 
 Magnetism, mesmerism; hypnotism. A. 
 Starch. See Glycogen. 
 
 Animalcule (an-im-aV -kul) [animalculum, a 
 minute animal]. An animal organism so 
 small as to require the microscope for its 
 examination. 
 
 Anime (an'-im-e) [Fr., anime, origin doubt- 
 ful]. A name of various resins, especially 
 that of Hymencea courbaril, a tree of tropical 
 America; sometimes used in plaster, etc. 
 Unof. 
 
 Aniodol (an-i' -o-dol) . A glycerol solution of 
 trioxymethylene, useful as an antiseptic in 
 1 % solution. 
 
 Anion (an'-i-on) [ana, up; Icbv, going]. In 
 electrolysis, an electronegative element. 
 
 Aniridia (an-i-rid'-e-ah) [dv, priv.; ipcc, the 
 rainbow]. Absence or defect of the iris. 
 
 Anisalol (an-is' -al-ol) , C 6 H 4 (OCH 3 )C0 2 C 6 H 5 . 
 The phenyl ester of anisic acid, forming 
 colorless crystals. It is antirheumatic and 
 analgesic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Anisalyl (an-is' -al-il) [anisic; alcohol], C 8 H 9 0. 
 The univalent radicle of anisic alcohol. A. 
 Hydrate, anisic alcohol. 
 
 Anisamid (an-is' -am-id) , C 8 H 9 N0 2 . The amid 
 of anisic acid; anisyl amid. 
 
 Anisated (an'-is-a-ted) [anisum, anise]. Con- 
 taining anise. 
 
 Anise (an' -is). See Anisum. 
 
 Aniseed (an'-i-sed). Anise-seed. The seed of 
 Pimpinella anisum. See Anisum. 
 
 Anisic Acid. See Acid, Anisic. 
 
 Anisidin (an-is' -id-hi), N(C 7 H 7 0)H 2 . A base 
 obtained from nitranisol by action of am- 
 monium sulfid in alcoholic solution; with 
 acids it forms crystalline compounds. Syn., 
 M ethyl phenidin; Methylamido phenol. A. Ci- 
 trate, an analgesic similar to phenetidin 
 citrate. 
 
 Anisin (an' -is -in) [anisum, anise], C 22 H 24 N 2 - 
 3 . A crystalline alkaloid, a derivative of 
 anise. 
 
 Aniso chromatic (an-is -o-kro -mat' -ik) [avccoc, 
 unequal; ypu)p.a, color]. Not having the 
 same color throughout; said of solutions 
 
 containing two pigments used in testing for 
 color-blindness. 
 
 Anisocoria (an - is -0 -ko 1 '-re -ah) [anisos; Kopr), 
 pupil]. Inequality of the diameter of the 
 pupils. 
 
 Anisol (an' -is -of) [see Anisin], C 7 H s O. 
 Methylphenyl ether, produced by heating 
 phenol with potassium and methyl iodid 
 or potassium methyl sulfate in alcoholic 
 solution. It is an ethereal-smelling liquid, 
 boiling at 15 2 ; its sp. gr. at 15 is 
 0.991. 
 
 Anisomelous (an - is - om' -el- us) [anisos; 
 pekoe, a limb]. Having limbs of unequal 
 length. 
 
 Anisometropia (an-is-o-met-ro' -pe-ah) [anisos; 
 fihpov, a measure; dxp, the eye]. A difference 
 in the refraction of the two eyes. 
 
 Anisometropic (an-is -0 -met -rop' -ik) [see 
 Anisometropia]. Affected with anisomet- 
 ropia. 
 
 Anisopia (an-is -o r -pe-ah) [anisos; uxp, eye]. In- 
 equality of visual power in the two eyes. 
 
 Anisosthenic (an-is -0 -sthen' -ik) [anisos; odevbc, 
 strength]. Not of equal power; used of 
 pairs of muscles. 
 
 Aniso tachys (an-is-ot f -a-kis) [anisos; ~aybc, 
 quick]. Applied to an accelerated pulse of 
 varying rapidity. 
 
 Anisotropal, Anisotropic, Anisotropous (an- 
 is -o-tr op' -al, an-is -o-trop'-ik, an-is -of -ro -pus) 
 [anisos; rporcoc, turning]. Not possessing the 
 same light-refracting properties in all direc- 
 tions; a term applied to doubly refracting 
 bodies. In biology, varying in irritability in 
 different parts or organs. 
 
 Anisotrophy (an-is-ot'-ro-fe) [see Anisotropal]. 
 The quality of being doubly refractive or un- 
 equally refractive in different directions; or 
 of being unequally responsive to external in- 
 fluences. 
 
 Anisum (an'-is-um) [L.]. Anise. The fruit 
 of Pimpinella anisum. Its properties are 
 due to a volatile oil. It is slightly stimu- 
 lant to the heart action. It liquefies bron- 
 chial secretions, and is therefore a favorite 
 ingredient in cough -mixtures. Dose 10-20 
 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.).. Anisi, Aqua (U. S. P.), 
 oil of anise, 1; water, 500 parts. Dose in- 
 definite. Anisi, Essentia (B. P.). Dose 
 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). Anisi, Oleum 
 (U. S. P.), an ingredient in tinctura opii cam- 
 phorata. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Gm.). 
 Anisi, Spiritus (U. S. P.), a 10% solution 
 of the oil in alcohol. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 
 Cc). 
 
 Anisyl (an'-is-il) [anisum], C 8 H 7 2 . A hypo- 
 thetic radicle supposed to be found in anise 
 and its derivatives. 
 
 Anitin (an'-it-in). A brownish powder ob- 
 tained from ichthyol. In 33 % aqueous 
 solution it combines with phenols, etc., to 
 form anitols. Syn., I chthyo sulfonic acid. 
 
 Anitol (an'-it-ol). Any one of the soluble 
 compounds formed by anitin with phenols, 
 cresols, etc.; they possess germicidal proper- 
 ties. 
 
ANITROGENOUS 
 
 71 
 
 ANKYLOSTOMA 
 
 Anitrogenous {ah-ni-tro]' -en-us) [d, priv.; nitro- 
 gen]. Nonnitrogenous. 
 
 Ankle {ang'-kl) [ME., ancle]. The joint be- 
 tween the leg and the foot. It is a gingly- 
 mus joint, with three ligaments, the anterior, 
 internal, and external. A. -bone, the astra- 
 galus. A. -clonus, the succession of a num- 
 ber of rhythmic muscular contractions in 
 
 Posterior View of the Ankle-joint. — (Sappey.) 
 Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament. 2. Transverse 
 ligament. 3. Posterior fasciculus of the external lateral 
 ligament. 4, 6. Internal lateral ligament. 5. Exter- 
 nal calcaneoastragalar ligament. 7. Middle fasciculus 
 of external lateral ligament. 8. Tubercle on outer side 
 of groove for flexor longus pollicis. 9. Posterior tuber- 
 osity of os calcis. 10. Tubercle on inner side of groove 
 for flexor longus pollicis. n. Groove on astragalus 
 for flexor longus pollicis. 12. Posterior calcaneoas- 
 tragalar ligament. 13. Point of insertion of achilles 
 tendon. 
 
 Vertical Section of Ankle-joint. — (Henle.) 
 Tibialis posticus. 2. Flexor longus digitorum. 3. Flexor 
 longus hallucis. 4. Astragalus. 5. Astragalocalcanean 
 ligament. 6. Peroneus brevis. 7. Os calcis. 8. 
 Peroneus longus. 
 
 the calf of the leg when the foot is suddenly 
 flexed by pressure upon the sole. It is a 
 symptom of various diseases of the spinal 
 cord, especially those involving the lateral 
 pyramidal tracts. A. -jerk. See A. -clonus. 
 A.-joint. See Ankle. A. Reflex. See A.- 
 clonus. A., Tailors', a ganglion or synovial 
 sac over the external malleolus in tailors, 
 due to their constrained posture when at 
 work. A. Valgus, a debilitated condition 
 of the ankle-joint due to laxity of the in- 
 ternal lateral ligament, permitting the foot 
 to act as in talipes valgus. 
 
 Ankola (an-ko'-lah) [Hind.]. The bitter, em- 
 etic root-bark of Alangium lamarkii, a tree 
 of tropical Asia and Africa. It is used in 
 India in skin diseases and leprosy. 
 
 Ankyla, Ankyle (ang'-kil-ah, -e) [dyKuXrj, any- 
 thing bent]. 1. An angular part, particularly 
 the elbow. 2. Ankylosis of a joint with 
 flexion. 3. Abnormal adhesion of parts. 
 
 Ankyloblepharon {ang-kil-o-blef'-ar-on) [an- 
 kyle; ftXicfiapov, the eyelid]. The adhesion of 
 the ciliary edges of the eyelids. 
 
 Ankylocheilia, Ankylochilia {ang-kil-o-ki' -le- 
 ak) [ankyle; ye'cAog, lip]. Adhesion of the 
 lips. 
 
 Ankylocolpos {ang-kil-o-kol'-pos) [ankyle; 
 koItzoc, the vagina]. Atresia of the vagina 
 or vulva. 
 
 Ankylodeire, Ankylodere, Ankyloderis (ang- 
 kil-o-di'-re, -de'-re, ang-kil-oaV -er-is) [ankyle; 
 detpTj, the neck]. Wry-neck; torticollis. 
 
 Ankyloglossia, Ankyloglossum (ang-kil-o- 
 glos'-e-ah, ang-kil-o-glos' -um) [ankyle; yAwooa, 
 the tongue]. Tongue-tie. 
 
 Ankylomele (ang-kil-om'-el-e) [ankyle; fiiXoc, a 
 limb]. The abnormal growing together of 
 limbs (as of the fingers or toes). 
 
 Ankylose (ang'-kil-os) [dy-KuXi), a loop]. To 
 be, or to become, consolidated or firmly 
 united. 
 
 Ankylosis (ang - kil - 0' - sis) [see Ankylose]. 
 Union of the bones forming an articulation, 
 resulting in a stiff joint. A., Capsular, that 
 due to cicatricial shrinking of the joint-cap- 
 sule. A., Cartilaginous, a form observed as 
 a sequel of subacute coxitis in the young, 
 marked with great muscle tension and ab- 
 sence of suppuration; the cartilages may 
 remain intact for a long time, although the 
 shrunken synovial membrane has ceased to 
 secrete. A., Central, that due to causes 
 present within the joint. A., Extracapsular, 
 that due to rigidity of the parts external to 
 the joint. A., False, A., Spurious, that 
 due to the rigidity of surrounding parts. 
 A., Generalized, ankylosis affecting many 
 joints, or a tendency toward it. A., Intra- 
 capsular, that due to rigidity of the struc- 
 tures within a joint. A., Ligamentous, 
 when the medium is fibrous. A., Muscular, 
 that due to muscular contraction. A., True, 
 A., Bony, that in which the connecting 
 material is bone. 
 
 Ankylostoma, Ankylostomum {ang-kil-os' -to- 
 mah, -mum) [dyKuXoc, crooked; ozofxa, a 
 
ANKYLOSTOMIASIS 
 
 72 
 
 ANONA 
 
 mouth]. A genus of nematode worms, one 
 species of which, A. duodenale, is some- 
 times found in the human intestine. It pro- 
 duces a condition analogous to pernicious an- 
 emia. 
 
 Ankylostomiasis {ang-kil-os-to-mi' -as-is) [see 
 Ankylo stoma]. The morbid condition pro- 
 duced by the presence of the parasite An- 
 kylostoma duodenale in the human intestine. 
 It is especially prevalent among brickmakers 
 and other workmen in Europe. Syn., Doch- 
 miasis; Brickmakers' anemia; Tunnel anemia; 
 Miners' cachexia; Egyptian chlorosis ; Un- 
 cinariasis ; Hookworm disease. 
 
 Ankylo tia {ang-kil-o' -she-ah) [dfKuX-q, a loop; 
 ouc, ear]. Union of the walls of the meatus 
 auditorius. 
 
 Annatto {an-at'-o). See Annotto. 
 
 Annectent ian-ek' '-tent) [ad, to; nectere, to 
 bind]. Linking or binding together. A. 
 Convolutions. See Convolution. 
 
 Annidalin {an-id' -al-in) . i. Dithymoltriiodid. 
 A substitute for iodoform and aristol. 2. 
 See Aristol. 
 
 Annotto {an-ot'-o) [native American]. A color- 
 ing-matter obtained from the pellicles of the 
 seeds of Bixa orellana. It is used to color 
 plasters and as an artificial color for butter. 
 Syn., Annatto; Arnotto. 
 
 Annuens {an'-u-enz) [annuere, to nod]. The 
 rectus capitis anticus minor muscle. 
 
 Annular {an'-u-lar) [annulus, a ring]. Ring- 
 like. A. Cartilage, the cricoid cartilage. 
 A. Finger, the ring-finger. A. Ligament, 
 the ligament surrounding the wrist and the 
 ankle. A. Muscle of Muller, the circular 
 fibers of the ciliary muscle. A. Process, 
 A. Protuberance, the pons varolii. A. Re- 
 flex (of macula), a ring-like reflection some- 
 times seen with the ophthalmoscope around 
 the macula. 
 
 Annulus ian'-u-lus) [see Annular]. A ring- 
 shaped or circular opening. A. abdomin- 
 alis, the external or internal abdominal ring. 
 A. abdominis, the inguinal ring. A. ciliaris, 
 the boundary between the iris and the choroid. 
 A. fibrosus. 1. The external part of the 
 intervertebral discs. 2. Firm connective tis- 
 sue containing elastic fibers surrounding the 
 auriculoventricular openings of the heart. 
 Syn., Annulus -fibrosus atrioventricular. 
 A. inguinalis abdominalis, the internal 
 abdominal ring. A. inguinalis cutaneus, 
 the external abdominal ring. A. membranse 
 tympani, an incomplete bony ring that 
 forms the fetal auditory process of the tem- 
 poral bone. A. migrans, a disease of the 
 tongue marked by crescentic bands of a 
 light -colored rash which spread over its 
 dorsal surface and sometimes over the sides 
 and under surface. Syn., Annulus errans. 
 A. osseus, the tympanic plate. A. ovalis, 
 the rounded or oval margin of the foramen 
 ovale. A. tracheae, a tracheal ring. A. 
 umbilicus, the umbilical ring. A. ventri- 
 culi, the pylorus. 
 
 Anoceliadelphous {an-o-se-le-ah-deV -jus) [avco, 
 
 upward; KocX'ca, a cavity; aoe\(f)oc, a brother]. 
 United by the thorax or upper part of the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Anocheiloschisis, Anochiloschisis ian-o- 
 ki-los-ki' -sis) [avco, upward; %e!Xoc, a 
 lip; 01't^s.tv, to split]. An operation of 
 splitting the upper lip for reducing its 
 size. 
 
 Anococcygeal {an-o-kok-sij' -e-al) [anus, the 
 fundament; kokku$, the coccyx]. Pertaining 
 to the anus and the coccyx. A. Ligament, 
 a ligament that connects the tip of the coccyx 
 with the external sphincter ani muscle. 
 
 Anodal ian'-o-dat) [dvd, up; bdbg, a way]. 
 Relating to the anode; electropositive. A. 
 Closure, the closure of an electric circuit 
 with the anode placed in relation to the 
 muscle or nerve which is to be affected. A. 
 Closure Clonus, A. Closure Contraction. 
 See Contraction, Anodal Closure. A. Dura- 
 tion, the duration of an anodal closure con- 
 traction. 
 
 Anode {an'-od) [see Anodal], The positive 
 pole of a galvanic battery. A., Soluble, 
 Sprague's term for an anode formed of the 
 metal which is deposited. 
 
 Anodermous {an-o-der' -mus) [a, priv.; okpp.a, 
 the skin]. Without the appearance of an 
 epidermis. 
 
 Anodinia {an -0 -din' -e -ah) [a, priv.; did eg, 
 the pain of childbirth]. Absence of labor- 
 pains. 
 
 Anodontia {an-o -don' -she-ah) [dv, priv.; coouc, 
 tooth]. Absence of the teeth. 
 
 Anodyne (an'-o-din) [dv, priv.; douvq, pain]. 
 A medicine that gives relief from pain. A., 
 Hoffmann's. See under Ether. 
 
 Anodynia (an-o-din'-e-ah) [see Anodyne]. 1. 
 Freedom from pain. 2. Loss of sensation. 
 Cf. Anodinia. 
 
 Anoesia ian-o-e' -ze-ah) [dvorjola, a want of 
 sense]. Want of understanding. 
 
 Anoia (an-oi'-ah) [dvoca, idiocy]. Synonym 
 of Idiocy. 
 
 Anomalous (an-om'-al-us) [see Anomaly], 
 Irregular; characterized by deviation from 
 the common or normal order. 
 
 Anomaly ian-om' -al-e) [dvcojiaXca, irregularity]. 
 A marked deviation from the normal; an 
 abnormal thing or occurrence. 
 
 Anomous (an-o'-mus) [d, priv.; tofioc, the 
 shoulder]. Without shoulders. 
 
 Anona (an-o'-nah) [Malay, menona]. A genus 
 of shrubs and trees of the order A.nonacece, 
 native of tropical America. A. amboiay is 
 a native of French Guiana. The bark is 
 applied to malignant ulcers. A. glabra is 
 a West Indian species. The juice of the 
 unripe fruit is applied to ulcers. A. muri- 
 cata, sour-sop, rough anona, is an American 
 tree, but cultivated in all tropical countries, 
 where the ripe fruit is a favorite food and 
 used in a cooling drink for fevers. The 
 astringent unripe fruit is used in intestinal 
 atony. The bark is astringent and irritant; 
 the root-bark is used in cases of disease 
 resulting from ingestion of poisonous fish; 
 
ANONYMA 
 
 73 
 
 ANSA 
 
 the leaf is anthelmintic and externally a 
 suppurant. The edible fruit of A. obtusi- 
 folia is used in South America and in the 
 West Indies by the natives as a narcotic. 
 A. reticulata, custard -apple, is a West In- 
 dian tree, but cultivated throughout the 
 tropics. The unripe dried fruit and seeds 
 are used as an intestinal astringent; the 
 kernels of the seeds are very poisonous; 
 the leaves are anthelmintic. A. spinescens, 
 of Brazil; the seeds are used to poison ver- 
 min; the fruit as a poultice. A. squamosa, 
 sweet-sop, bullock' s-heart, is an American 
 tree cultivated throughout the tropics for its 
 fruit, which is used medicinally as is A. muri- 
 cata. The seeds are used to destroy insects; 
 the bark is employed by the Malays and 
 Chinese as a tonic. 
 
 Anonyma {an-on f -im-ah) [dv, priv.; ovupa, 
 name]. The innominate artery. 
 
 Anonymos (an-on' '-im-us) [see Anonymd\. The 
 cricoid cartilage. 
 
 Anonymous (an -on' -im-us) [see Anony- 
 ma]. Nameless. A. Bone. See Innomina- 
 tum. 
 
 Anoperineal {a-no-per-in-e'-al). Relating to 
 the anus and the perineum. 
 
 Anopheles {an-of -el-ez) [dvajfeArjc, harmful]. A 
 genus of dipterous insects (mosquitos) founded 
 by Meigen (1818), belonging to the family 
 Culicidoe. A. christopherse, of India, har- 
 bors sporozoits, and in districts where present 
 the endemic index of malaria varies from 
 40 to 72 %. A. maculipennis, is the com- 
 mon form of northern and central Europe and 
 America, and the common agent in the trans- 
 mission of the malaria parasite. Syn., Ano- 
 pheles quadrimaculatus . A. rossii, the most 
 widely distributed species in India, breeding 
 in foul water; does not carry the parasite 
 of benign nor of malignant tertian fever, 
 and in Calcutta, where this is the preva- 
 lent species, the endemic index of malaria is 
 zero. 
 
 Anophthalmia (an-of-thal'-me-ah) [dv, priv.; 
 6<j)daXpoc, eye]. Congenital absence of the 
 eyes. A. cyclopica, a congenital malforma- 
 tion in which the eye-socket is very ill-devel- 
 oped and the orbit rudimentary or altogether 
 absent. 
 
 Anophthalmus (an-of-thal'-mus) [see Anoph- 
 thalmia]. A person born without eyes. 
 
 Anopia {an-o f -pe-ah) [dv, priv.; a><p, the eye]. 
 Absence of sight, especially that due to de- 
 fect of the eyes. 
 
 Anopubic (a-no-pu'-bik). Relating to the anus 
 and the pubes. 
 
 Anorchia (an-or'-ke-ah). See Anorchism. 
 
 Anorchism {an'-or-kizm) [dv, priv.; bpx^C, 
 the testicle]. Absence of the testicles. 
 
 Anorectal {a-no-rek' -tal) . Pertaining to the 
 anus and the rectum. 
 
 Anorexia ian-or-ek' -se-ah) [dv, priv.; bpe^cc, 
 appetite]. Absence of appetite. A. nervosa - , 
 a hysteric affection occurring chiefly in 
 young neurotic females, and characterized 
 by a great aversion to food. 
 
 Anorrhorrhea {an-or-or-e'-ah) [dv, priv. ; dppoc, 
 serum; po'ca, a flow]. A diminished or de- 
 fective secretion of serous substance. 
 
 Anorthography (an-or-thog r -ra-fe) [dv, priv.; 
 opdoc, straight; ypdcjieiv, to write]. Inca- 
 pacity to write correctly; motor agraphia. 
 
 Anorthopia ian-or-tho' -pe-ah) [dv, priv. ; opdoc, 
 straight; b<pcc, vision]. 1. A defect in vision 
 in which straight lines do not seem straight, 
 and parallelism or symmetry is not prop- 
 erly perceived. 2. Squinting; obliquity of 
 vision. 
 
 Anorthosis {an-or-iho' -sis) [dv, priv.; bpdojacc, 
 a making straight]. Absence or defect of 
 erectility. 
 
 Anoscope {a'-no-skop) [anus; okotzcIv, to look]. 
 An instrument for examining the rectum. 
 
 Anosmia (an-oz'-me-ah) [dv, priv.; oaprj, 
 smell]. Absence of the sense of smell. A., 
 Afferent, that due to the loss of the con- 
 ductivity of the olfactory nerves. A., Cen- 
 tral, that due to cerebral disease. A., Or- 
 ganic, that due to disease of the nasal pitui- 
 tary membrane. A., Peripheral, that due to 
 disease of the peripheral ends of the ol- 
 factory nerves. 
 
 Anosphrasia {an-os-fra'-ze-ah). See Anos- 
 mia. 
 
 Anospinal {a-no-spi' -naT) [anus; spina, the back- 
 bone]. Relating to the anus and the spinal 
 cord. A. Center, a center that controls the 
 anal sphincters. It is situated in the lumbar 
 portion of the spinal cord. 
 
 Anotus (an-o'-tus) [dv, priv.; ouc, the ear]. 
 Destitute of , ears. 
 
 Anovesical (a-no-ves'-ik-al) [anus; vesica, the 
 bladder]. Pertaining conjointly to the anus 
 and urinary bladder. 
 
 Anoxoluin, Anoxolyin (an-oks-oV-u-in, -i-in) 
 [a, priv.; o^uc, sharp; Xuecv, to dissolve]. 
 The substance opposed to oxolyin, which, 
 according to Le Conte, exists with it in 
 fibrin, albumin, globulin, and casein, and 
 which is not soluble in glacial acetic acid. 
 
 Anozol (an'-o-zol). A combination of iodoform 
 and thymol; deodorous iodoform. 
 
 Ansa {an'-sah) [L., "a handle"]. A loop. A. 
 atlantis, the uppermost cervical ansa. A. 
 capitis, the zygomatic arch. A., Cervical, 
 one of the intercommunicating branches of 
 the anterior cervical nerves. A., Coccygeal. 
 See A. sacralis. A., Galvanocaustic, the 
 wire loop of a galvanic cautery. Syn., Liga- 
 tura candens. A., Haller's, the loop formed 
 
 ' by the nerve joining the facial and glosso- 
 pharyngeal nerves. A., Henle's. See 
 Hen'le's Loop. A. hypoglossi, a loop formed 
 at the side of the neck by the junction of 
 the descendens noni nerve, with branches of 
 the second and third cervical nerves. A, 
 lenticularis, a bundle of fibers proceeding 
 from the neural laminas between the divi- 
 sions of the lenticular nucleus. Syn., Ansa 
 lentiformis; Lenticular loop. A. lumbalis, 
 A. lumbaris, one of the connecting rami- 
 fications between the branches of the lum- 
 bar nerves. A. sacralis, a loop joining the 
 
ANSERINE 
 
 74 
 
 ANTHECTIC 
 
 ganglion impar with the sympathetic trunks 
 of the two sides. A., Sternal, the intercla- 
 vicular notch. A. subclavialis, A., Sub- 
 clavian. See A. of Vieussens. A. supra- 
 maxillaris, one of communication between 
 the ventral and dorsal superior dental nerves. 
 A. of Vieussens, a loop extending from the 
 third cervical ganglion and surrounding the 
 subclavian artery. A. of Wrisberg, the 
 nerve joining the right great splanchnic and 
 right pneumogastric nerves. 
 
 Anserine {an'-ser-en) [anser, a goose]. Re- 
 sembling a goose. A. Disease, a wasting 
 of the muscles of the hands, rendering the 
 tendons unduly prominent, and suggesting the 
 appearance of a goose's foot. A. Skin, 
 goose-skin. 
 
 Ansiform {an' -si-form) [ansa, a handle; forma, 
 shape]. Loop-shaped. 
 
 Antacid {ant-as'-id) [anti, against; acidus, 
 acid], i. Neutralizing acidity. 2. A sub- 
 stance counteracting or neutralizing acid- 
 
 {t y- ... 
 
 Antacidin {ant-as' -id-in) . Saccharate of lime. 
 
 Antagonism {an-tag' -on-izm) [see Antagonist]. 
 Opposition; opposed action, as of two sets 
 of muscles or of two remedial agents. 
 
 Antagonist {an-tag' -o-nist) [avxayiovcoTTjc, coun- 
 teracting]. A term applied to a drug that 
 neutralizes the therapeutic effects of another. 
 In anatomy, a muscle that acts in opposition 
 to another. A., Associated, a name given 
 to that muscle of a healthy eye that turns 
 the globe in the same direction as the affected 
 muscle of the opposite eye would, if normal, 
 turn the eye to which it belongs. 
 
 Antagonistic {an-tag-o-nis' -tik) [see Antagon- 
 ist]. Opposing. 
 
 Antalgic {ant-al'-jik) [anti-; aXyoc, pain]. 
 1. Relieving pain. 2. A remedy that relieves 
 pain. 
 
 Antalkaline {ant-al'-kal-ln) [anti-; alkali]. 
 
 1. Neutralizing alkalis. 2. An agent neutral- 
 izing alkalis, as acids. 
 
 Antanacathartic {ant-an-ah-kath-ar' -tik) [anti-; 
 dva, up; Kad apace, purgation]. 1. Checking 
 expectoration. 2. An agent which checks 
 expectoration. 
 
 Antaphrodisiac {ant-af-ro-diz' -e-ak). See 
 Anaphrodisiac. 
 
 Antapoplectic {ant-ap-o-plek' -tik) [anti-; oltzo- 
 7cXf)$ia, apoplexy]. Efficient in preventing or 
 treating apoplexy. 
 
 Antarthritic {ant-ar-thrit'-ik) [anti-; apd pcxcK.bc, 
 gouty]. 1. Relieving gout. 2. A medicine 
 for the relief of gout. 
 
 Antasphyctic {ant-as-fik'-tik) [anti-; ao<f)UKxoc, 
 pulseless]. 1. Efficient in preventing as- 
 phyxia. 2. An agent efficacious in prevent- 
 ing asphyxia. 
 
 Antasthenic {ant-as-then' -ik) [anti-; dadhsca, 
 weakness]. Tending to correct debility and 
 restore the strength. 
 
 Antasthmatic {ant-az-mat'-ik) [anti-; aodfia, 
 short-drawn breath]. 1. Relieving asthma. 
 
 2. A medicine serving for the relief of 
 asthma. 
 
 Antebrachium {an-te-bra'-ke-um). See Anti- 
 brachium. 
 
 Antecurvature {an-te-kur' -va-lur) [ante, for- 
 ward; curvatus, bent]. A forward curva- 
 ture. 
 
 Antefixatio uteri {an-te-fiks-a'-she-o u'-ter-i). 
 The operative suturing of the uterus in retro- 
 flexion. 
 
 Anteflexion {an-te-flek'-shun) [ante, before; 
 flectere, to bend]. A bending forward. A. 
 of Uterus, a condition in which the fundus 
 of the uterus is bent forward. 
 
 Antemetic {ant-em-ef -ik) . See Antiemetic. 
 
 Ante mortem {an'-te' mor'-tem) [L.]. Before 
 death. A. partum, before delivery. 
 
 Anteneasmum, Anteneasmus {an-ten-e-az 1 '- 
 mum, -mus). P. Zacchias' term for a form 
 of dementia marked by restlessness and a 
 suicidal tendency. 
 
 Antephialtic {ant-ef-e-al' -tik) [anti-; icfrcaXxye, 
 nightmare]. Preventive of nightmare. 
 
 Antepileptic {ant-ep-il-ep' -ti'k) [anti-; en'cXrj^ce, 
 epilepsy]. Relieving epilepsy. 
 
 Anteprostatic {an-te -pros -tat' -ik) [ante, be- 
 fore; 7ipoazaTTjc, one who stands before]. Sit- 
 uated before the prostate. A. Glands, 
 certain small accessory glands sometimes 
 found between Cowper's gland and the 
 prostate. 
 
 Antepyretic {an-te-pi-ref -ik) [ante; xupexoe, 
 fever]. Prior to the development of fever. 
 
 Antereisis . {ant-er-i'-sis) [dvxkpscoce, resist- 
 ance]. The resistance opposed by a disloca- 
 tion during its reduction. 
 
 Anterior {an-te'-re-or) [L., "before"]. Situated 
 before or in front of; pertaining to the part 
 or organ situated toward the ventral aspect of 
 the body. A. Poliomyelitis, inflammation 
 of the anterior horns of the spinal cord, 
 giving rise to a characteristic paralysis, com- 
 mon in children. A. Rotation, the for- 
 ward turning of the presenting part in labor. 
 
 Antero- {an'-te-ro-) [anterior, before]. A pre- 
 fix signifying position in front. 
 
 Anteroinferior {an-te-ro-in-fe'-re-or) [an- 
 tero-; inferior, lower]. Situated in front and 
 below. 
 
 Anterolateral {an-te-ro-laf -er-al) [antero-; latus, 
 a side]. In front and to or on one side; 
 from the front to one side. 
 
 Anteroparietal {an-le-ro-par-i'-et-al) [antero-;- 
 parietal]. Anterior and also parietal. A. 
 Area, the anterior part of the parietal area 
 of the cranium. 
 
 Anteroposterior {an-te-ro-pos-te' -re-or) [antero-; 
 posterior, backward]. Extending from before 
 backward. 
 
 Anterosuperior {an-te-ro-su-pe'-re-or) [an- 
 tero-; superior, upper]. Situated in front and 
 above. 
 
 Anteversion {an-te-ver' -shun) [ante, forward; 
 vertere, to turn]. A turning forward. A. of 
 Uterus, a tilting forward of the uterus. 
 
 Anthectic {an-thek' -tik) [anti-; Iktckoc, hectic]. 
 1. Efficacious against tuberculosis. 2. An 
 agent or remedy efficient against tubercu- 
 losis. 
 
ANTHELIX 
 
 75 
 
 ANTHRAX 
 
 Anthelix {an'-the-liks) [dvdkXc^, the inner curva- 
 ture of the ear]. The ridge surrounding the 
 concha of the external ear posteriorly. 
 
 Anthelmintic {an-thel-min' -tik) \anti-; eXjicvc, 
 a worm], i. Efficacious against worms. 2. A 
 vermicide. 
 
 Anthema {an' -the-mah) [aude'cv, to bloom]. An 
 exanthem; a skin eruption. 
 
 Anthemis (an' -them-is) [dvdep.cc, a flower]. 
 Camomile The flower-heads of A. nobilis, 
 the properties of which are due to a volatile 
 oil, a camphor, and a bitter principle. It is 
 useful in coughs and spasmodic infantile com- 
 plaints, and is an excellent stomachic tonic. 
 Infusion of 4 dr. to 1 pint, given in doses 
 of 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). Anthemidis, Ex- 
 traction (B. P.). Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 
 Gm.). Anthemidis, Infusum (B. P.). Dose 
 1-4 oz. (30-120 Cc). Anthemidis, Oleum, 
 the volatile oil of camomile. Dose 2-10 min. 
 (0.12-0.6 Cc). 
 
 Anthemorrhagic (ant -hem -or -a]' -ik) [anti-; 
 alfia, blood; pay (a, a. bursting]. Checking 
 or preventing hemorrhage. 
 
 Anthocephalous, Anthocephalus (an-tho-sef- 
 al-us) [avdoc, a flower; /a-cpaXrj, a head]. 
 Having a flower-shaped head; e. g., Taenia 
 anthocephala. 
 
 Anthony's Fire, St. See Erysipelas. 
 
 Anthracemia (an-thras-e' -me-ah) [anthrax; 
 dlpa, blood]. 1. Woolsorter's disease; splenic 
 fever of animals; a disease due to the pres- 
 ence in the blood of Bacillus anthracis. 2. 
 Asphyxia due to carbon monoxid poisoning. 
 
 Anthracene (an' -thra-sen) [anthrax], C U H 10 . 
 A hydrocarbon formed from many carbon 
 compounds when they are exposed to a 
 high heat; also from coal-tar. It crystal- 
 lizes in colorless, monoclinic tables, show- 
 ing a beautiful blue fluorescence; dissolves 
 with difficulty in alcohol and ether, but easily 
 in hot benzene; melts at 213 . It is the 
 base from which artificial alizarin is pre- 
 pared. 
 
 Anthracia (an-thra' -se-ah) [anthrax]. A 
 name for diseases characterized by the for- 
 mation of carbuncles. A. pestis, the plague. 
 A. rubula. Synonym of Frambesia. 
 
 Anthracic (an' -thras-ik) [anthrax]. Pertaining 
 to or of the nature of anthrax. 
 
 Anthracin (an'-thras-in) [anthrax]. A toxic 
 ptomain derived from pure cultures of the 
 bacillus of anthrax. 
 
 Anthracina (an-thras-e' -nah). Melanotic car- 
 cinoma. 
 
 Anthracion (an-thras'-e-on) [anthrax]. Con- 
 tagious anthrax. 
 
 Anthracoid (an' -thrak-oid) [anthrax; sldoc, like- 
 ness]. Resembling carbon, anthrax, or the 
 gem carbuncle. 
 
 Anthracolemus, Anthracolcemus (an-thra- 
 kol-e'-mus) [anthrax; Xocpbg, a plague]. Con- 
 tagious anthrax. 
 
 Anthracoma (an-thrak-o'-mah) [anthrax]. A 
 
 carbuncle. 
 Anthracometer (an-thrak-om'-et-er) [anthrax; 
 fthpov, a measure]. An instrument for esti- 
 
 mating the amount of carbon dioxid in the 
 air. 
 
 Anthraconecrosis (an-thrak-o-ne - kro' -sis) 
 [anthrax; vkupiDotc;, death]. The necrotic 
 transformation of a tissue into a black mass, 
 as in dry gangrene. 
 
 Anthracopestis (an-thrak-o-pes'-tis) [anthrax; 
 pestis, a plague]. Malignant anthrax. 
 
 Anthracophlyctis (an-thrak-o-flik'-tis) [anthrax; 
 (bXuKx'cg, a pustule]. The same as Anthraco- 
 pestis. 
 
 Anthracosis (an-thrak-o' -sis) [anthrax; voaoc, 
 disease]. 1. "Miners' lung." A diseased con- 
 dition of the lung produced by the inhalation 
 of coal-dust. It is a form of pneumokoniosis. 
 2. A malignant or corroding ulcer; a car- 
 buncle. 
 
 Anthraflavon (an-thra-flav'-on) [anthracene; 
 flavus, yellow], C 14 H 8 4 . A substance acting 
 as a dibasic acid, forming yellow needles 
 subliming without fusion at temperatures 
 above 300 C. 
 
 Anthrapurpurin (an-thra-pur' -pu-rin) [anthra- 
 cene; purpurin], C 14 H 8 5 . A derivative of 
 anthraflavic acid and an isomer of purpurin 
 and of flavopurpurin, almost identical with 
 the latter; it forms orange-colored needles. 
 A. Acetate, A. Diacetate, a fine yellow, 
 tasteless powder, freely soluble in glacial 
 acetic acid and xylol, sparingly so in alcohol; 
 insoluble in water. It is used as an aperient 
 and laxative (it colors the urine red). Dose 
 7§ g 1 "- (°-5 Gm.). Syn., Purgatin; Purgatol. 
 
 Anthraquinolin (an-thra-kwin' -ol-in) [anthra- 
 cene; quina, bark], C n H n N. A crystalline 
 substance melting at 170 C, boiling at 
 446 C; its solutions exhibit an intensely 
 blue fluorescence. 
 
 Anthraquinone (an-thra-kwin' -on) [anthracene; 
 quinone], C 14 H 8 2 . A substance produced 
 by oxidizing anthracene with HNO s . It sub- 
 limes in yellow needles, melting at 277 C, 
 and is soluble in hot benzene and HN0 3 . 
 
 Anthrarobin (an-thra-ro'-bin), C 14 H l0 O 3 . A 
 derivative of alizarin, similar to chrysarobin. 
 It is a yellowish-white powder, insoluble in 
 water, but soluble in alcohol and dilute alka- 
 line solutions. It is useful in psoriasis, 
 herpes, pityriasis versicolor. Unof. 
 
 Anthrax (an'-thraks) [av0pa£, a coal or a car- 
 buncle]. 1. A carbuncle. 2. An acute in- 
 fectious disease due to Bacillus- anthracis. 
 It is most common in cattle and sheep, but 
 may occur in man. Infection in man may 
 occur — (a) through a wound, the resulting 
 lesion being a boil or carbuncle, whence the 
 disease becomes disseminated through the 
 blood, (b) Through the intestinal tract. In 
 this case there are marked local lesions, either 
 such as resemble the dermal boils or a hem- 
 orrhagic infiltration of the mucous membrane. 
 (c) Through the respiratory tract. The re- 
 sults are inflammatory processes in the 
 lungs and pleura. Syn., Milzbrand; Char- 
 bon; Woolsorter's disease; Splenic fever; 
 Splenic apoplexy; Siberian cattle plague; 
 Plaga ignis; Acacanthrax; Mai de Chabert; 
 
ANTHROPO- 
 
 76 
 
 ANTICIPATING 
 
 Abscessus gangrcenescens; Abscessus gan- 
 granosus. A., Contagious, malignant an- 
 thrax. A., Malignant. See Anthrax (2). 
 A., Pulmonary, gangrene of the lungs. A., 
 Symptomatic. See Black-leg. 
 
 Anthropo- {an-thro-po-) [avd pojnog , a man; a 
 human being]. A prefix signifying relating 
 to man or to the human race. 
 
 Anthropogenesis {an-thro-po-jen'-es-is) {an- 
 thropo-; ykvsotg, generation]. The develop- 
 ment of man, as a race {phylogenesis) and 
 as an individual {ontogenesis). 
 
 Anthropoglot {an'- thro -po- glot) [anthropo-; 
 yXajooa, the tongue]. Human-tongued, as a 
 parrot. 
 
 Anthropography {an-thro-pog' -rq-fe) [anthropo-; 
 ypafacv, to write]. A treatise upon the hu- 
 man structure or organism. 
 
 Anthropoid {an 1 ' -thfo-poid) [avOptoizoc;, a man; 
 eldoc, like]. Man-like. 
 
 Anthropology {an-thro-poV -o-je) [anthropo-; 
 Aoyoc, discourse]. The science of man. 
 
 Anthropometallism {an-thro-po-mef -al-izm) 
 [anthropo-; metal]. Hypnotism or the like 
 condition, induced by looking at a metallic 
 disc. 
 
 Anthropometry {an-thro-pom' -et-re) [anthropo-; 
 [xkxpov, a measure]. The determination of 
 the measurement, weight, strength, and pro- 
 portions of the parts of the human body. 
 
 Anthropomorphic {an-thro-po-mor' -fik) [an- 
 thropo-; p.opcj)r), form]. Man-like. 
 
 Anthropophagy {an-thro-pof -a-je) [anthropo-; 
 <J>af£lv, to devour]. 1. Cannibalism. 2. Sex- 
 ual perversion leading to rape, mutilation, 
 and cannibalism. 
 
 Anthropophobia {an-thro-po-fo'-be-ah) [anthro- 
 po-; (f)6{3oc, fear]. A symptom of mental dis- 
 ease consisting in fear of society. 
 
 Anthropotoxin {an-thro-po-toks' -in) [anthropo-; 
 xo^ckov, poison]. The toxic substance sup- 
 posed to be excreted by the lungs of human 
 beings. 
 
 Anthydropic {ant -hi- drop' '-ik) [anti-; udpco(/>, 
 dropsy]. Effective against dropsy. 
 
 Anthypnotic {ant -hip- not' -ik) [anti-; uizvoz, 
 sleep]. 1. Preventive of sleep. 2. An agent 
 that tends to induce wakefulness. 
 
 Anthysteric {ant-his-ter'-ik) [anti-; uaxipa, 
 the womb]. Overcoming hysteria. 
 
 Anti- {an-ti-) [dv-'c, against]. A prefix meaning 
 against. 
 
 Antiades {an-ti' -ad-ez) [pi. of dvxtcig, tonsil]. 
 The tonsils. 
 
 Antiagglutinin {an-te -a g-lu' -tin-in). A sub- 
 stance opposed in action to an agglutinin. 
 
 Antiaggressin {an-te-ah-gres' -in) [anti-; aggres- 
 sin]. A hypothetic content of the serum of 
 an animal immunized to aggressin-containing 
 serous exudate produced in a second animal 
 by bacterial, inoculation. 
 
 Antialbumate {an-te-al' -bu-mat) [anti-; albumen, 
 white of egg]. Parapeptone; a product of the 
 imperfect digestion of albumin. It is changed 
 by the pancreatic ferment into antipeptone. 
 
 Antialbumin {an-te-al' -bu-min) [see Antialbu- 
 mate]. One of the products of the action of 
 
 the digestion of albumin; it is probably one 
 of the preformed substances existing in the 
 proteid molecule. 
 
 Antialbumose {an-te-al' -bu-mos) [see Antialbu- 
 mate]. One of the albumoses produced by 
 the action of pancreatic juice on albumin. 
 It resembles syntonin or acidalbumin, and is 
 convertible into antipeptone. 
 
 Antiaphrodisiac {an-te-af-ro-diz' -e-ak) . See 
 A naphrodisiac. 
 
 Antiarin {an-te' -ar -in) [Javanese, antiar or ant- 
 jar], C 14 H 20 O 5 + 2H 2 0. The active prin- 
 ciple of Antiaris toxicaria or Upas antiar, 
 the Javanese poison-tree. It is intensely 
 poisonous and is used as an arrow-poison. 
 It is a cardiac depressant. Dose T qq gr. 
 (0.00065 Cm.). Unof. 
 
 Antiarthritic {an-te-ar-thrif -ik) . See Antar- 
 thritic. 
 
 Antiasthmatic {an-te-az-maf -ik) . See A ntasth - 
 ma tic. 
 
 Antibacterial {an- te-bak-te'- re -al) [anti-; bac- 
 teria]. Acting against bacteria. 
 
 Antibacterin {an-te-bak' -ter-in) . 1. A pale yel- 
 low fluid said to consist of boric acid, 6.25 
 parts; iron chlorid solution, 1.5 parts; ether 
 chlorate, to make 100 parts. It is used by 
 inhalation in tuberculosis, beginning with 150' 
 gr. (10 Gm.) daily and increasing to 10 
 times that quantity. 2. Crude aluminium 
 sulfate mixed with soot. 
 
 Antibiotic {an-te-bi-ot'-ik) [anti-; p'coc, life]. 
 Tending to destroy life. 
 
 Antiblennorrhagic {an-te-blen-or-aj'-ik) [anti-; 
 ftXkvva, mucus; prffvuvac, to burst]. Efficient 
 in preventing or curing gonorrhea. 
 
 Antibodies {an-te-bod'-ez). Characteristic con- 
 stituents of the blood and fluids of the im- 
 mune animal; substances antagonistic to the 
 harmful action of bacteria; e. g., antitoxins, 
 agglutinins, precipitins, etc. They cause the 
 envelop surrounding the bacterial bodies to 
 swell, and on this account they are called 
 by Gruber glabrificins . This swelling of the 
 bacteria renders them amenable to the action 
 of the alexins, through which their death en- 
 sues. Cf. Antitoxin. 
 
 Antibrachial {an-te-bra' -ke-al) [anti-; Ppa%iujv,. 
 the arm]. Pertaining to the forearm. 
 
 Antibrachium {an-te-bra' -ke-um) [see Anti- 
 brachial]. The forearm. 
 
 Anticardium {an-te-kar' -de-um) [anti-; napoca, 
 the heart]. The scrobiculus cordis, or pit of 
 the stomach; the infrasternal depression. 
 
 Anticheirotonus, Antichirotonus {an-te-ki- 
 rot'-o-nus) [anti-; yj'ip, hand; tgvoc, tension]. 
 Forcible and steady inflection of the thumb, 
 seen at times in or before attacks of epilepsy. 
 
 ■Antichlor {an' -te-klor) . 1. Sodium thiosulfate. 
 2. Potassium sulfite. 
 
 Anticholerin {an-te-kol'-er -in) [anti-; %oXkpa, 
 cholera]. A product isolated by Klebs from 
 cultures of cholera bacilli. Immunizing and 
 curative properties have been ascribed to 
 it. 
 
 Anticipating {an-tis' -ip-a-ting) [anticipare, to 
 take before]. Occurring before the regular 
 
 
ANTICLINAL 
 
 77 
 
 ANTIKATHODE 
 
 or expected time, as an anticipating inter- 
 mittent fever, one in which the paroxysms 
 occur earlier on successive days. 
 
 Anticlinal (an-te-kli'-nal) [anti-; kIIvzcv, to 
 slope]. Sloping in opposite directions. A. 
 Vertebra, in man, the tenth thoracic ver- 
 tebra, where the thoracic vertebras begin 
 to assume the characters of the lumbar. 
 
 Anticnemion {an-tik-ne' -me-on) [anti-; Kvrjfir), 
 leg]. The shin or front of the leg. 
 
 Anticnesmatic {an-tik-nes-maf -ik) [anti-; 
 KvfjOfjLOC, itching], i. Efficient against itching. 
 2. A remedy for itching. 
 
 Anticoagulant {an-te-ko-ag' -u-lant) [anti-; coag- 
 ulum]. i. Opposed to or preventive of coag- 
 ulation. 2. A substance preventing coagula- 
 tion. 
 
 Anticomplement {an-te-kom' -ple-ment) [anti-; 
 complement]. A substance held by Ehrlich 
 in his lateral-chain theory to enter into the 
 composition of an antihemolysin (q. v.). Cf. 
 Antiimmune Body under Body. 
 
 AntiCope {an-tik'-op-e) [avrcKo-rj, a beating 
 back]. Resonance; reaction; repercussion; 
 counters troke. 
 
 Anticrisis (an-le-kri'-sis) [anti-; crisis]. An 
 agent or phenomenon preventing a crisis. 
 
 Anticus {an-ti'-kus) [anticus, that in front]. 
 Anterior; in front of. 
 
 Anticyclic Acid. See Acid, Anticyclic. 
 
 Antidiabeticum (an-te-di-a-bef -ik-um) . A 
 preparation recommended for diabetes, said 
 to consist of wheat starch, sugar of milk, 
 sulfur, powdered senna leaves, and fennel. 
 Syn., Glycosolveol; Glycosolvol. 
 
 Antidiabetin (an-te-di-ab-ef '-in) . A mixture of 
 saccharin and mannite,. used instead of 
 sugar by diabetics. 
 
 Antidiastole {an-te-di-as' -to-le) [dvxcocaozoXri, 
 distinction]. Differential diagnosis. 
 
 Antidinic {an-te-din' -ik) [anti-; o'tvoc, a whirl]. 
 Curing or preventing vertigo. 
 
 Antidiphtherin {an-te-dif -ther-in) . A solution 
 containing cultures of Bacillus diphtheria 
 with 0.2 % of orthocresol and some glycerol. 
 It is used externally and subcutaneously in 
 diphtheria. A., Klebs', a preparation ob- 
 tained by precipitation with alcohol from the 
 culture-fluid of Bacillus diphtheria after re- 
 moval of the bacilli. 
 
 Antidotal {an -te- do' -tat) [anti-; oo-Sf, given]. 
 Having the nature of an antidote. 
 
 Antidote {an'-te-dot) [see Antidotal]. An 
 agent preventing or counteracting the action 
 of a poison. A., Arsenical (G. Ph.), is 
 prepared by dissolving ioo parts of the 
 hydrated sulfate of iron in 250 parts of 
 water, to which 15 parts of burnt magnesia 
 and 250 parts of water are added. A., 
 Chemic, one that changes the chemic nature 
 of the poison so that it becomes insoluble 
 or harmless. A., Mechanic, one that pre- 
 vents absorption by holding the poison in 
 mechanic suspension or by coating the stom- 
 ach. A., Physiologic, one that counteracts 
 the physiologic effects of a poison. A., 
 Universal, a mixture of 1 part of dis- 
 
 solved iron sulfate in 2 parts of magnesia 
 water. 
 
 Antidotism {ant'-id-o-tizm) [see Antidotal]. 
 Therapeutic or physiologic antagonism; the 
 possession of antidotal properties; the act of 
 giving antidotes. 
 
 Aritidynamic (an-te-di-nam'-ik) [anti-; duvapicc, 
 force]. Weakening. ' 
 
 Antidysenteric {an-te-dis-en- ter'- ik) [anti-; 
 duaevrep'ca, dysentery]. 1. Serviceable against 
 dysentery. 2. A remedy for dysentery. 
 
 Antiemetic (an-te-em-et'-ik) [anti-; ifxexcKoc, 
 causing vomit]. Preventing emesis; relieving 
 nausea. 
 
 Antifebrin {an-te-feb' -rin) [anti-; febris, a fever], 
 C 6 H 5 . C 2 H 3 . NH. The proprietary name 
 of acetanilid or phenylacetamid. A white, 
 crystalline powder, insoluble in water, freely 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. It 
 is antipyretic and analgesic. The drug's 
 official name is acetanilidum. Dose 5-10 gr. 
 (0.3-0.6 Gm.). 
 
 Antiferment (an-te-fer' -ment) [anti-; fermentum, 
 leaven]. An agent that prevents fermenta- 
 tion. 
 
 Antifermentative {an-te-fer-men' -ta-tiv) [anti- 
 ferment]. Preventing fermentation. 
 
 Antigalactic (an-te-gal-ak'-tik) [anti-; jala, 
 milk]. 1. Lessening the secretion of milk. 
 2. A drug that lessens the secretion of 
 milk. 
 
 Antigermin {an-te-jer'-min). A compound of 
 copper and an acid, forming a yellowish- 
 green, tenacious mass, soluble in 200 parts 
 of water. It is said to be disinfectant, deo- 
 dorant, and bactericidal. 
 
 Antigerminal (an-te-jer' '-min-al) [anti-; germen, 
 germ]. Relating to the pole of the ovum 
 opposed to the germinal pole. 
 
 Antihelix {an-te-he'-liks). See Anthelix. 
 
 Antihemolysin {an-te-hem-o-W -sin) [anti-; alfia, 
 blood; Xuocc, solution]. A complex substance 
 developed in the blood-serum as the result of 
 inoculations with hemolysins. It is com- 
 posed of anticomplements and antiimmune 
 bodies. 
 
 Antihemo lytic (an-te-hem-o-lit'-ik). Relating 
 to an antihemolysin; not capable of dis- 
 solving blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Antihidrotic (an-te-hi-drot'-ik) [anti-; (dpcbf, 
 sweat]. 1. Diminishing the secretion of 
 sweat. 2. An agent lessening the secretion 
 of sweat. 
 
 Antihydropin {an-te-hi'-dro-pin) [anti-; uocop, 
 water]. A crystalline principle obtainable 
 from the common cockroach, Blatta (Peri- 
 planeta) orientalis, and said to be diuretic. 
 Dose 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.3 Gm.). 
 
 Antikamnia (an-te-kam' -ne-ali) [anti-; Kap.v£cv, 
 to suffer pain]. A proprietary remedy said 
 to be composed of sodium bicarbonate, 
 acetanilid, and caffein. It is used as an 
 analgesic in doses of 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 
 Gm.). 
 
 Antikathode (a?i-te-kath , -od) [anti-; kathode]. 
 A piece of platinum foil so placed in a Crookes 
 tube as to intercept the kathode rays; being 
 
ANTIKOL 
 
 78 
 
 ANTIPALUDEAN 
 
 thus rendered fluorescent, it becomes a source 
 of rontgen-rays. 
 Antikol (an' -tik-ol) . A proprietary antipyretic 
 mixture said to contain acetanilid, sodium 
 bicarbonate, and tartaric acid. 
 Antilemic, Antiloemic, Antiloimic (an-te-W - 
 mik, an-te-loi' -mik) [and-; Xocixoc, the plague]. 
 Efficacious against the plague or other pesti- 
 lence. 
 
 Antileptic (an-til-ep'-tik) [ovzcXthJjcc, a receiv- 
 ing in return]. Revulsive. 
 
 Antilithic (an-te-lith' -ik) [anti-; Xcdoc, a stone], 
 i. Efficacious against calculus. 2. An agent 
 preventing the deposit of urinary sedi- 
 ment. 
 
 Antiloemic (an-ti-le' '-mik) . See Antilemic. 
 
 Antiluetic (an-te-lu-et'-ik) [anti^; hies, the 
 plague; syphilis]. Efficacious against syph- 
 ilis. 
 
 Antilypyrin (an-te-le-pV '-rin) . An antipyretic 
 and analgesic substance obtained by heat- 
 ing acetanilid, 1 part, with antipyrin, 2 
 parts. Dose 7-8 gr. (0.45-0.52 Gm.). 
 
 Antilysin (an-te-W -sin) [anti-; Xuocc, a loosing]. 
 A substance opposed to the activity of a 
 lysin. 
 
 Antilysis (an-tiV -is-is) . The condition due to 
 the activity of antilysins. 
 
 Antilyssic (an-te-lis' -ik) [anti-; Xuooa, rabies]. 
 1. Tending to cure rabies. 2. A remedy for 
 rabies. 
 
 Antimetropia (an-te-met-ro 1 '-pe-ah) [anti-; metro- 
 pia]. A condition characterized by opposing 
 states of refraction in the two eyes, as, for 
 example, the existence of myopia in one eye 
 and of hyperopia in the other. 
 
 Antimiasmatic (an-te-mi-as-mat'-ik) [anti-; 
 fitao/Jta, exhalation]. Preventive of malaria. 
 
 Antimonial (an-te-mo' -ne-aV) [antimonium, an- 
 timony]. Containing antimony. 
 
 Antimonic (an-te-mon' -ik) [see Antimonial]. 
 A term applied to those compounds of anti- 
 mony that correspond to its higher oxid. 
 
 Antimonious (an-te-mo' -ne- us) [see Anti- 
 monio.Q. A term denoting those compounds 
 of antimony that correspond to its lower 
 oxid. 
 
 Antimonium (an-te-mo'-ne-um). See Anti- 
 mony. 
 
 Antimony (an'-te-mo-ne) [L., antimonium]. 
 Sb = 122 ; quanti valence ill and v. A metallic, 
 crystalline element possessing a bluish-white 
 luster. The symbol Sb is derived from the 
 old name, stibium. Antimony is found na- 
 tive, as the sulfid, Sb 2 S 3 , as the oxid, and is 
 a constituent of many minerals. It is used 
 commercially chiefly for making alloys. 
 Type-metal, Britannia metal, and Babbitt 
 antifriction metal are alloys of antimony. 
 In medicine antimonium salts are used less 
 frequently than formerly. The salts are 
 cardiac and arterial depressants, diaphoretic 
 and emetic, and in large doses powerful 
 gastrointestinal irritants, producing symptoms 
 resembling those of Asiatic cholera. Antimony 
 has been used as an antiphlogistic in sthenic 
 inflammation, as a diaphoretic and expec- 
 
 torant, and as an emetic. A. Arsenate, a 
 
 heavy white powder; it is used in syphilitic 
 affections of the skin. Dose -^ gr. (0.001 
 Gm.) 4 times daily. A. Arsenite, a fine 
 white powder; it is used in skin dis- 
 eases. A. Chlorid, SbCl 3 , the "butter" 
 of antimony; a strong caustic. A. Iodid, 
 Sbl 3 , red crystals, decomposed by water, 
 soluble in carbon disulnd; melts at 167 C. 
 It is alterative. Dose ^-1 gr. (0.016-0.065 
 Gm.) in pills. A. Oxychlorid, the "pow- 
 der of algaroth"; now little used. A. Pent- 
 oxid, Sb 2 5 , antimonic acid, combines with 
 bases to form antimoniates. A., Pills of, 
 Compound (piluloe antimonii compositce, B. 
 P.), Plummer's pills, contain calomel and sul- 
 fureted antimony, of each, | gr. (0.032 Gm.). 
 A. and Potassium Tartrate (antimonii et 
 potassii tartras, U. S. P.; antimonium tar- 
 taratum, B.P.), 2 KSbOC 4 H 4 6 . H 2 0, "tartar 
 emetic." Dose xg-J gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.). 
 A., Powder of (pulvis antimonialis, B. P.), 
 antimonial powder, James' powder, con- 
 sists of antimonious oxid 33, and calcium 
 phosphate 67 parts, and is diaphoretic; in 
 large doses, emetic and cathartic. Dose 
 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). A. Sulfid, Sb 2 S 3 , 
 black sulfid of antimony. Dose f-i gr. 
 (0.016-0.065 Gm.). A. Sulfid, . Golden, 
 Sb 2 S 5 , a fine, odorless, orange-yellow powder, 
 soluble in alkaline solutions. It is alterative, 
 diaphoretic, emetic, and expectorant. Dose 
 ^-i| gr. (0.01-0.1 Gm.) several times daily. 
 A., Sulfurated (antimonium sulphur atum, B. 
 P.), the sulfid with a small but indefinite 
 amount of the oxid. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 
 Gm.). A. Tartrate, (SbO) 2 C 4 H 4 O e + H 2 0, a 
 white, crystalline powder. Used internally as 
 a substitute for arsenic in affections of the 
 skin. Dose T V gr. (0.0065 Gm.) 3 to 5 times 
 daily. A. Trioxid, antimonious acid, Sb 2 - 
 3 ; soluble in hydrochloric and tartaric acids. 
 Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). It is an in- 
 gredient of James' powder. A., Vegetable, 
 boneset. A., Wine of (vinum antimonii, 
 U. S. P.), boiling water, 60; tartar emetic, 4; 
 stronger white wine, 1000 parts. It contains 
 about 2 gr. of tartar emetic to the ounce. 
 Dose 5-15 min. (0.3-1.0 Cc). 
 
 Antimycotic (an-te-mi-kof -ik) [anti-; p-tfiais, a 
 fungus]. Destructive to microorganisms. 
 
 Antimydriatic (an-te-mid-re-at'-ik) [anti-; 
 [ludpcaocc, mydriasis]. 1. Opposed to or ar- 
 resting dilation of the pupils. 2. A drug 
 efficacious against mydriasis. 
 
 Antinarcotic (an-te-nar-kot'-ik) [anti-; vapnujoce, 
 a benumbing]. Preventing narcosis. 
 
 Antineuralgic (an-te-nu-ral' -jik) [anti-; vzvpov, 
 a nerve; aXyoc, pain]. Overcoming neu- 
 ralgia. 
 
 Antinonnin (an-te-non' -in) , C 6 H 2 . (N0 2 ) 2 .CH 3 - 
 OK, potassium orthodinitrocresylate. See Di- 
 nitrocresol. 
 
 Antiotomia, Antiotomy (an-te-o-to'-me-ah, an- 
 te-ot'-om-e) [avxikc, a tonsil; xepivecv, to 
 cut]. Excision of the tonsils. 
 
 Antipaludean (an-te-pal-u' -de-an) [anti-; palus, 
 
ANTIPARASITIC 
 
 79 
 
 ANTIRHEUMATIN 
 
 a marsh]. Efficient against malarial dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Antiparasitic (an-te-par-as-W -ik) [anti-; napaa- 
 cxoc, a parasite]. i. Destroying parasites. 
 2. An agent destroying parasites. 
 
 Antiparastata (an -te - par - as'- tat - ah) [anti-; 
 7iapaoxaxj)C, testicle]. Cowper's glands. 
 
 Antipeptone {an-te-pep' -ton) [anti-; nknxecv, to 
 cook; digest]. A variety of peptone not acted 
 upon by trypsin. 
 
 Antiperiodic (an-te-pe-ri-od' -ik) [anti-; nepcodoc, 
 a going round], i. Preventing periodic at- 
 tacks of a disease. 2. A remedy against 
 periodic disease. A. Tincture. See War- 
 burg's Tincture. 
 
 Antiperistalsis (an-te-per-is-taV -sis) [anti-; nep'c, 
 around; axaXa'cc, compression]. Reversed 
 peristalsis. 
 
 Antiperistaltic (an -te- per - is - tal' - tik) [see 
 Antiperistalsis]. Relating to antiperistal- 
 sis. 
 
 Antiperonosporin (an-te-per -o-nos' '-por-in) . 
 Topasol G. I, an antiseptic preparation of 
 zinc and copper sulfates. 
 
 Antiphlogistic (an-te-flo-jis' -tik) [anti-; (j>X6y- 
 ojocc, inflammatory heat]. 1. Counteracting 
 fever. 2. An agent subduing or reducing 
 inflammation or fever. 3. Applied to the 
 pneumatic theory of Lavoisier as having 
 supplanted Stahl's phlogistic theory. A. 
 Treatment, bloodletting, the application 
 of cold, the administration of antipy- 
 retics, etc. 
 
 Antiphlogistin (an-te-flo-jis' '-tin) . A paste said 
 to consist of kaolin, glycerol, and antisep- 
 tics; it is a substitute for poultices. 
 
 Antiphlogosis (an-te-flo-go' -sis) [see Antiphlo- 
 gistic]. 1. The reduction of inflammation. 
 2. Inflammation purposely excited to counter- 
 act other inflammation. 
 
 Antiphthisin (an-te-ti' -sin) . Dilute tuberculin, 
 made from the slight residue after precipita- 
 tion with sodium bismuth iodid. 
 
 Antiplastic (an-te-plas' -tik) [anti-; nXaooecv, to 
 form]. 1. Unfavorable to granulation or to 
 the healing process. 2. An agent impover- 
 ishing the blood. 3. Preventing or checking 
 plastic exudation. 
 
 Antipodal (an-tip' -od-al) [anti-; tiouc, a foot]. 
 Situated directly opposite. A. Cells, a 
 term applied to a group of four cells formed 
 in the lower end of the embryo -sac op- 
 posite to the cells constituting the egg- 
 apparatus. A. Cone, the cone of astral rays 
 opposite to the spindle -fibers. 
 
 Antipraxia (an-te-praks' -e-ah) [anti-; npaooecv, 
 to do]. Antagonism of functions or of 
 symptoms. 
 
 Antiprostatitis (an-te-pros-tat-i'-tis) [anti-; 
 npooxaxa, the prostate; exec,' inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of Cowper's glands. Syn., 
 A ntiparastatitis. 
 Antipruritic (an-te-pru-rif -ik) [anti-; pruritus, 
 itching]. 1. Relieving the sensation of itch- 
 ing. 2. A drug that relieves the sensation 
 of itching. 
 Antipsoric (an-tip-so'-rik) [anti-; (pebpa, the 
 
 itch]. Effective against itching or the 
 itch. 
 
 Antipyresis (an -te- pi -re' -sis) [anti-; nupexdc, 
 fever]. The reduction of fever by means of 
 antipyretics. 
 
 Antipyretic (an-te-pi-ref -ik) [see Antipyresis]. 
 1. Cooling; lowering the temperature. 2. An 
 agent reducing temperature. The most im- 
 portant antipyretic agents are cold, diaphor- 
 etics, and the newer remedies, many of which 
 are coal-tar products, such as antipyrin, 
 acetanilid, phenacetin, etc. 
 
 Antipyrin (an-te-pi'-rin) [anti-; itbp, fever 
 heat], C n n i2 N 2 0. Phenazon. The scien- 
 tific name is dimethyloxychinicin-phenyldi- 
 methylpyrazolon, or dihydrodimethylphenyl- 
 pyrazin. An alkaloidal product of the de- 
 structive distillation of coal-tar. It may be 
 produced by heating acetoacetic ester with 
 methylphenylhydrazin. It is a grayish or 
 reddish-white, crystalline powder, slightly bit- 
 ter, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloro- 
 form, and crystallizes from an ethereal solution 
 in shining leaflets melting at 113 . It reduces 
 temperature, causes sweating, at times vomit- 
 ing, peculiar eruptions, pruritus, coryza, etc. 
 Not rarely a cyanotic condition of the face 
 and hands is produced. Antipyrin is incom- 
 patible with nitrous compounds. It is a 
 powerful antipyretic and analgesic. Dose 
 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0 Gm.). A. Bichloral, 
 a trituration-product of 94 parts of anti- 
 pyrin with 165.5 parts of chloral hydrate; 
 it is hypnotic and analgesic. Maximum 
 dose 45 gr. (3 Gm.). Syn., Dichloralanti- 
 pyrin. A. Mandelate, a crystalline com- 
 pound of antipyrin and amygdalic acid, used 
 as a remedy for whooping-cough. Dose f-8 
 gr. (0.05-0.5 Gm.). Syn., Tussol; Phenyl- 
 glycollate. A. Salicylate, A. Salol, a brown 
 liquid obtained by fusing together equal 
 parts of phenyl salicylate and antipyrin. It 
 is recommended as an antiseptic, and as a 
 hemostatic in uterine hemorrhage, applied 
 by means of cotton tampons. Syn., Sali- 
 pyrin. A., Test for. See Fieux. 
 
 Antirabic (an-te-ra' -bik) [anti-; rabies, madness]. 
 Preventing or curing rabies. 
 
 Antirennene (an-te-ren'-en). Morgenroth's 
 name for the principle which appears in 
 the blood of an animal following the 
 introduction of rennet. It has the power 
 of impeding the action of rennet on 
 milk. 
 
 Antirheumatic (an-te-ru-maf -ik) [anti-; rheu- 
 matism]. Preventing or curing rheuma- 
 tism. 
 
 Antirheumaticum (an-te-ru-maf -ik-um) . A 
 compound of sodium salicylate and methyl- 
 ene-blue. It occurs in blue, prismatic crys- 
 tals, soluble in water and alcohol. Dose 
 1-1^ gr. (0.06-0.09 Gm.). 
 
 Antirheumatin (an-te-ru' -mat-in) . An oint- 
 ment used in treatment of rheumatism, and 
 said to contain fluorphenetol, 1 part; di- 
 fluordiphenyl, 4 parts; vaselin, 10 parts; 
 wool-fat, 85 parts. 
 
ANTIRRHINUM 
 
 80 
 
 ANTITOXIC 
 
 Antirrhinum {an-te-ri' -num) [L.]. A genus 
 of scrophulariaceous plants. A. linaria, 
 called also Linaria vulgaris, toadflax, ram- 
 sted, " butter-and-eggs, " is a herbaceous plant 
 of Europe and North America; diuretic, 
 cathartic, and irritant; used as a poultice 
 and fomentation. 
 
 Antiscorbutic {an-te-skor-bu' -tik) [anti-; scor- 
 butus, scurvy]. i. Effective against scurvy. 
 2. A remedy useful in scurvy. 
 
 Antisensitizer (an-te-sen' '-sit-i-zer) . In Ehr- 
 lich's side-chain theory, a substance antag- 
 onistic in its action to that of the inter- 
 mediary body or sensitizer. 
 
 Antisepsin {an-te-sep' -sin) [and-; orj^cf, putre- 
 faction], C 6 H 4 BrNHC 2 H 3 0. Asepsin; bro- 
 mated acetanilid; soluble in alcohol and 
 ether, insoluble in water. It is antipyretic, 
 analgesic, and antiseptic. Dose 6-7 gr. 
 (0.30-0.45 Gm.). 
 
 Antisepsis {an-te-sep' -sis) [see Antisepsin]. Ex- 
 clusion of the germs that cause putrefac- 
 tion. 
 
 Antiseptic ian-te-sep' '-tik) [see Antisepsin]. 1. 
 Having power to prevent the growth of the 
 bacteria upon which putrefaction depends. 
 2. An agent that prevents development of 
 bacteria. Among the principal antiseptics are 
 mercuric chlorid, creolin, phenol, iodoform, 
 thymol, salicylic acid, boric acid, formaldehyd, 
 and potassium permanganate. A. Gauze, 
 open cotton cloth charged with an antiseptic. 
 A. Ligature, catgut or other material rendered 
 aseptic by soaking in antiseptic solutions. A. 
 Treatment of Wounds, this looks to thor- 
 ough antisepsis as regards the wound, the 
 instruments, the operator's hands, the dress- 
 ings, etc. 
 
 Antisepticism {an-te-sep' -tis-izm) [see Antisep- 
 sin]. The theory or systematic employment 
 of antiseptic methods. 
 
 Antisepticize {an-te-sep' -tis-lz) [see Antisepsin]. 
 To render antiseptic; to treat with anti- 
 septics. 
 
 Antiseptin {an-te-sep' -tin) [see Antisepsin]. 1. 
 Zinc borothymoliodid. It consists of 85 parts 
 zinc sulfate, 2.5 parts each of zinc iodid and 
 thymol, and 10 parts boric acid. It is an 
 antiseptic. 2. A proprietary preparation said 
 to consist of sodium or potassium silicate, 
 2 parts, and a 0.1 % solution of mercuric 
 chlorid, 1 part. 
 
 Antiseptol {an-te-sep' -tol) [see Antisepsin]. 
 Cinchonin iodosulfate, an odorless and fairly 
 effective substitute for iodoform. 
 
 Antiserum Method. A method of differentiat- 
 ing human from other blood; modified Uhlen- 
 huth's antiserum method. Human blood- 
 serum is injected into the peritoneal cavity of 
 rabbits in doses of 10 Cc. every 8 or 10 days. 
 After 6 injections their blood is collected and 
 preserved on ice ; the serum is pipeted off after 
 24 hours. Some rabbits, as control-animals, 
 are not injected. The blood to be tested is, 
 if dried, first dissolved, and then, as is fluid 
 blood, diluted with ordinary water and salt 
 solution. Several drops of the test-serum 
 
 are added and the tubes placed at a tempera- 
 ture of 35 . If the blood to be tested is 
 human, a turbidity appears invariably; if 
 not human, it remains clear. 
 
 Antisialagog {an-te-si-aV -a-gog) [anti-; ocaXov, 
 saliva; ayiDjbg, leading]. 1. Preventing or 
 checking salivation. 2. A remedy that is 
 
 .. effective against salivation. 
 
 Antisialic {an-te-si-al'-ik) [anti-; a'caXov, 
 saliva]. 1. Checking the flow of saliva. 
 2. An agent that checks the secretion of 
 saliva. 
 
 Antisideric {an-te-sid-er'-ik) [anti-; owepoc, 
 iron]. 1. Incompatible with iron and count- 
 eracting its effects; impoverishing the blood. 
 2. An agent or drug opposed to the 
 action of iron; one which impoverishes the 
 blood. 
 
 Antispasmin {an-te-spaz'-min), C 23 H 26 N0 8 Na- 
 + 3NaC 7 H 6 3 . A compound of 1 molecule 
 of narcein sodium united with 3 molecules 
 of sodium salicylate, occurring as a white, 
 slightly hygroscopic powder containing about 
 50 % of narcein. It is sedative and hypnotic. 
 Dose \-i\ gr. (0.01-0.1 Gm.). 
 
 Antispasmodic {an-te-spaz-mod'-ik) [anti-; 
 oxaofioc, a spasm]. 1. Tending to relieve 
 spasm. 2. An agent relieving convulsions 
 or spasmodic pains, as the narcotics, the 
 nitrites, etc. 
 
 Antispastic {an-te-s pas' -tik) [anti-; anaozcKoc, 
 drawing]. 1. Revulsive; counterirritant. 2. 
 Antispasmodic. 3. A revulsive agent. 
 
 Antistaphylolysin {an-te-staf-il-o-li' -sin) [anti-; 
 Staphylococci, a genus of bacteria; Xuocc, a 
 loosing]. A substance antagonistic to the 
 toxic products of staphylococci, contained 
 in healthy blood -serum. 
 
 Antistreptococcic {an -te- strep -to- kok'-sik) 
 anti-; Streptococci, a genus of bacteria]. An- 
 tagonistic to or preventing the action of 
 streptococci. 
 
 Antisudoral {an - te - su' - dor - at) [anti-; sudor, 
 sweat]. Checking the secretion of sweat. 
 
 Antisyphilitic {an-te-sif-il-it'-ik) [anti-; syph- 
 ilis]. 1. Effective against syphilis. 2. A 
 remedy used in the treatment of syphilis. 
 
 Antithenar {an-tith' -en-ar) [anti-; dkvap, the 
 flat of the hand or the sole of the foot]. 
 1. Opposite to thenar. 2. A muscle that ex- 
 tends the thumb or opposes it to the hand; 
 an antithenar muscle. A. Eminence, the 
 border of the palm of the hand from the base 
 of the little finger to the wrist. A. Muscles, 
 of the toe and of the thumb; the abductor 
 pollicis pedis and the flexor brevis pollicis 
 manus; also, the first dorsal interosseous 
 muscle. 
 
 Antithermic {an-.te-ther'-mik) [anti-; 6ipp.rj, 
 heat]. Cooling; antipyretic. 
 
 Antithermin {an-te-ther' -min) [see Antithermic], 
 C n H ]4 2 N 2 . Phenylhydrazinlevulinic acid, a 
 coal-tar derivative used as an antipyretic, an- 
 algesic, and antiseptic. Dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.). 
 Unof. 
 
 Antitoxic {an-te-toks'-ik) [anti-; xo^ckov, poison]. 
 Antidotal; counteracting poisons. 
 
ANTITOXIN 
 
 81 
 
 ANURESIS 
 
 Antitoxin (an-te -to ks' -in) [see Antitoxic], i. 
 A counterpoison or antidote elaborated by 
 the body to counteract the toxins of bacteria. 
 According to some authorities, antitoxins are, 
 like the toxins, bacterial products. Antitoxins 
 are used in the treatment of certain infectious 
 diseases and also to confer immunity against 
 these diseases. 2. The commercial name for 
 a fine white powder said to be a coal-tar 
 product and used as an analgesic and anti- 
 pyretic. Dose 10-15 g r - (0.65-1.0 Gm.) 
 in from 1 to 4 hours. A., Artificial, an anti- 
 toxin prepared by passing an electric cur- 
 rent through a toxic bouillon. A., Diph- 
 theria, one prepared from the blood-serum 
 of an animal inoculated with Bacillus diph- 
 theria. A., Tetanus, one prepared from the 
 blood-serum of an animal inoculated with 
 Bacillus tetani. A. Unit, 10 times the 
 amount of serum requisite to neutralize com- 
 pletely 10 times the minimum fatal dose 
 of diphtheria toxin in a half-grown guinea- 
 pig; or the amount of antitoxin which, when 
 inoculated into a guinea-pig of 250 Gm. 
 weight, will neutralize 100 times the mini- 
 mum fatal dose of ioxin of standard weight. 
 
 Antitragic (an-te-traj'-ik) [anti-; ipajog, the 
 tragus]. Pertaining to the antitragus. A. 
 Muscle, a mere rudiment in man; it arises 
 from the antitragus, and extends to the cauda 
 of the helix. 
 
 Antitragus (an-te-tra' -gus) [see Antitragic]. An 
 eminence of the external ear opposite the 
 tragus. 
 
 Anti trismus (an-te-tris' -mus) [anti-; xpiap.bg, 
 a creaking]. A condition in which the open 
 mouth cannot be closed. 
 
 Antitrope (an'-te-trop) [anti-; xpkrcscu, to turn]. 
 Any organ set over against another to form 
 a symmetric pair. Thus, the right eye is an 
 antitrope to the left. 
 
 Antityphoid (an-te-ti'-foid). Opposed to ty- 
 phoid. A. Extract, a preparation obtained 
 by injecting repeatedly cultures of typhoid 
 bacilli of increasing virulence into the peri- 
 toneal cavity of rabbits. The animals are 
 killed as soon as they do not react to poi- 
 sonous doses, and extracts are made of the 
 thymus, spleen, bone-marrow, brain, and 
 spinal cord, by soaking these organs in a 
 solution of salt, glycerol, and alcohol, with 
 the addition of some pepsin. The filtrate is 
 injected in typhoid cases. 
 
 Antitypic (an-te -tip' -ik) [anti-; xutzoc;, a type]. 
 1. Efficient against the periodic recurrence 
 of a paroxysm or fever. 2. Irregular; 
 not conformable to a type. 3. An anti- 
 periodic. 
 
 Antiuratic (an-te-u-rat'-ik). 1. Effica- 
 cious against the deposition of urates. 2. 
 An agent that prevents the deposit of 
 urates. 
 
 Antivenin (an-te -ven'-in) [anti-; venenum, 
 poison]. A serum perfected by Calmette 
 by injecting cobra venom mixed with so- 
 lutions of calcium hypochlorite into horses. 
 It is used in doses of 2-3-5 ( ^ Lr - (10-20 Cc.) in 
 7 
 
 bites of venomous serpents. Syn., Anti- 
 venene. 
 
 Antivenomous (an-te-ven'-om-us). Antago- 
 nistic to venom; a term applied to im- 
 munized animals, to certain serums, and to 
 antitoxins. 
 
 Antivirulent (an-te -vir'-u-lent) [anti-; virus, a 
 poison]. Effective against viruses. 
 
 Antizymotic (an-te-zi-mot'-ik) [anti-; £upoj- 
 oYf, fermentation]. 1. Preventing or check- 
 ing fermentation. 2. An agent preventing 
 the process of fermentation; an antifer- 
 ment. 
 
 Antocular (ant-ok' -u-lar) [ante, before; oculus, 
 the eye]. Situated in front of the eye. 
 
 Antorbital (ant -orb'- it -al) [ante, before; or- 
 bita, the orbit]. Located in front of the 
 orbit. 
 
 Antracele (an'-tra-sel) [antrum; K-fjXrj, a tumor]. 
 Dropsy of the antrum; an accumulation of 
 fluid in the maxillary sinus. 
 
 Antral (an'-tral) [antrum]. Relating to an 
 antrum. 
 
 Antrectomy (an-trek' '-to-me) [antrum; inxoprj, 
 excision]. Surgical removal of the walls of 
 the antrum. 
 
 Antritis (an-tri'-tis) [antrum; exec, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of an antrum. 
 
 Antronalgia (an-tron-aV -je-ah) [antrum; dXyog, 
 pain]. Pain in the antrum. 
 
 Antrophore (an'-tro-}or). Cacao-butter bou- 
 gies, containing tannin, 5 %; resorcinol, 
 5 %; thallin sulfate, 2 to 5%; zinc sulfate, 
 0.5%. 
 
 Antroscope (an'-tro-skdp) [antrum; okotzeiv, to 
 look]. An instrument for examining the max- 
 illary sinus. 
 
 Antrotome (an'-tro-tom) [antrum; xepveiv, to 
 cut]. An instrument for the performance of 
 mastoid antrotomy. 
 
 Antrotomy (an-trot'-o-me). Incision of an an- 
 trum. 
 
 Antrotympanic (an-tro-tim-pan'-ik) [antrum; 
 xupnavov, a drum]. Relating to the cavity 
 of the tympanum and to the tympanic 
 antrum. 
 
 Antrum (an'-trum) [L.]. A cavity or hollow 
 space, especially in a bone. A., Cardiac, 
 Luschka's name for a dilation sometimes 
 found in the esophagus immediately above 
 its passage through the diaphragm. A., 
 Duodenal, the normal dilation presented 
 by the duodenum near its origin. A. eth- 
 moidale, the ethmoid sinus. A. highmor- 
 ianum, antrum of Highmore, a cavity in 
 the superior maxillary bone. Syn., Antrum 
 gence. A. highmori testis. See Medi- 
 astinum testis. A., Mastoid, the hollow space 
 beneath the' roof of the mastoid process. 
 A., Maxillary. See A. highmorianum. A. 
 pylori cum willisii, the cavity of the pylorus. 
 A. tubae, a sac-like dilation of the fallopian 
 tube about an inch from the fimbriated ex- 
 tremity, regarded by some as occurring only 
 in pregnancy. 
 
 Anuresis (an-u-re'-sis) [dv, priv.; oupov, urine]. 
 
 " Anuria. 
 
ANURETIC 
 
 82 
 
 APEPTIC 
 
 Anuretic (an-u-ret' -ik) [see Anuresis]. Pertain- 
 ing to or affected with anuria. 
 
 Anuria ian-u' -re-ah) [see Anuresis]. Suppres- 
 sion of the urine. 
 
 Anuric (an-u'-rik) [see Anuresis]. Pertaining 
 to anuria. 
 
 Anurous ian-u' -rus) [dv, priv.; oupa, a tail]. 
 Without a tail. 
 
 Anus {a' -nus) [L., "the fundament"]. The 
 extremity of the rectum; the lower opening 
 of the alimentary canal. A., Artificial, an 
 opening established from the bowel to the ex- 
 terior at a point above the normal anus, most 
 commonly from the colon, either in the lum- 
 bar or in the iliac region. A., Fissure of, 
 a slight tear in the mucous membrane at 
 the anus, usually due to passage of hard- 
 ened feces. It is very painful. A., Fistula 
 of, fistula in ano, a sinus opening from the 
 rectum' into the connective tissue about the 
 rectum or discharging externally. A., Im- 
 perforate, absence of the anus, the natural 
 opening being closed by a membranous sep- 
 tum. A., Infundibuliform, a relaxed con- 
 dition of the anus with destruction of the 
 natural folds. A., Preternatural, an ab- 
 normal aperture serving as an anus, whether 
 congenital, made by operation, or due to 
 disease or injury. Syn., Fecal fistula; Anus 
 prceternaturalis. A., Preternatural Ileo- 
 vaginal, A., Preternatural Vaginal, A. 
 praeternaturalis vestibularis, the rare ab- 
 normity of the rectum opening through 
 the vulva. A,, Rusconi's, the blastopore. A., 
 Umbilical, a preternatural anus located in 
 the umbilical region. A. vulyo vaginalis, an 
 anal opening communicating with the vulva. 
 
 Anvil (an'-vit). See Incus. 
 
 Anydremia,Anydrasmia (an-id-re' -me-ah). See 
 Anhydremia. 
 
 Anypnia (an-ip r -ne-ah) [di>, priv.; o-voc, sleep]. 
 Sleeplessness. 
 
 Anytol. See Anitol. 
 
 Aorta {a-ort'-ah) [dopzrj, aorta]. The large 
 vessel arising from the left ventricle and 
 distributing, by its branches, arterial blood 
 to every part of the body. It ends by 
 bifurcating into the common iliacs at the 
 fourth lumbar vertebra. The arch, that ex- 
 tending from the heart to the third dorsal 
 vertebra, is divided into an a scolding, a 
 transverse, and a descending part. The 
 thoracic portion extends to the diaphragm; 
 the abdominal, to the bifurcation. A., Car- 
 diac, that part of the embryonic vascular 
 system giving rise to the aortic arches. A., 
 Dorsal, i. The embryonic vessel formed by 
 the junction of the two primitive aortas. Syn., 
 Primordial aorta; Subvertebral aorta. 2. The 
 thoracic aorta. A., Inferior, the abdominal 
 aorta. A., Left, the embryonic division of 
 the vascular system which finally becomes 
 the aorta. A., Main, the embryonic vessel 
 formed by the junction of the two primitive 
 aortas. A., Pectoral, the thoracic aorta. 
 A., Pelvic, the middle sacral artery. A., 
 Pericardiac, the part of the aorta within 
 
 the pericardial cavity. A., Primitive. 1. 
 That part of the aorta extending from its 
 origin to the point where it first branches. 
 2. Two embryonic branches of the cardiac 
 aorta extending through the first visceral 
 arch and uniting to form the dorsal aorta. 
 A., Right, the embryonic division of the 
 aortic bulb which finally forms the pulmo- 
 nary artery. A., Root of, the origin of 
 the aorta at the heart. Syn., Radix aorta. 
 A., Superior, the -thoracic aorta. A., Sys- 
 temic. See A., Left. A., Thoracic. See 
 under Aorta. 
 
 Aortal (a-ort'-al) [see Aorta]. Relating to the 
 aorta. 
 
 Aortic (a-ort'-ik) [see Aorta], Pertaining to the 
 aorta. A. Arch. See Aorta and Arch. A. 
 Foramen. See A. Opening of Diaphragm. 
 A. Murmur, a murmur produced by disease 
 of the aortic valves. A. Opening of Dia- 
 phragm, the aperture in, or really behind, the 
 diaphragm, through which the aorta passes. 
 A. Opening of Heart, the opening between 
 the heart and the aorta. A. Plexus, the 
 plexus of sympathetic nerves, situated on the 
 front and sides of the aorta, between the 
 origins of the superior and inferior mesenteric 
 arteries . A . Sinus , a deep depression between 
 the leaflets of the aortic valve and the aortic 
 wall. A. Valve, the three semilunar valves 
 closing the aortic opening during the cardiac 
 diastole. 
 
 Aortitis (a-ort-i' -tis) [aorta; crcc, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the aorta. A., Nummular, 
 .that characterized by white, circular patches 
 in the inner coat. 
 
 Aortoclasia, Aortoclasis (a-or-to-kla' '-ze-ah, 
 -sis) [aorta; nXaocc, a breaking]. Rupture 
 of the aorta. 
 
 Aortolithia (a-or-to-lith' -e-ah) . A calcareous 
 deposition in the aorta. 
 
 Aortomalacia, Aortomalaxia {a-ort-o-mal-a' - 
 se-ah, -aks'-e-ah) [aorta; p.olan'ta, softening]. 
 Softening of the aorta. 
 
 Aortosclerosis (a-ort-o-skle-ro' -sis) [aorta; okXtj- 
 poc, hard]. Induration of the aorta. 
 
 Aortostenosis (a-ort-o-sten-o' -sis) [aorta; orevdc, 
 narrow]. Stenosis or narrowing of the aorta. 
 
 Apatropin iap-at' -ro-pin) [dub, from; atropin], 
 C l7 H 21 N0 2 . A compound derived from atro- 
 pin by the action of nitric acid. It is said to 
 produce peculiar convulsions. 
 
 Ape (dp) [ME.]. A man-like monkey. A. Fis- 
 sures, those fissures of the human brain that 
 are also found in apes. A. -hand, a peculiar 
 shape of the hand produced by the wasting 
 of the thumb-muscles; it is seen in some 
 cases of progressive muscular atrophy. 
 
 Apellous (ah-pel'-us) [d, priv.; xkXla, skin]. 
 Skinless. 
 
 Apepsia (ah-pep' '-se-ah) [d, priv.; izinrecv, to 
 digest]. Cessation or absence of the digestive 
 function. A., Hysteric, apepsia due to hys- 
 teria. Syn., Hysteric anorexia. A. nervosa. 
 See Anorexia nervosa. 
 
 Apeptic (ah-pep'-tik) [see Apepsia]. Affected 
 with apepsia. 
 
APERIENT 
 
 83 
 
 APHLOGISTIC 
 
 Aperient (ap-e'-ri-ent) [aperire, to open], i. 
 Laxative; mildly purgative. 2. A mild pur- 
 gative; a laxative. 
 
 Aperistalsis (ah-per-is-taV -sis) [a, priv.; xepi, 
 around; oxalate;, constriction]. Cessation of 
 the peristaltic movements of the intestine. 
 
 Apertometer (ap-ur-tom' -et-er) [aperture; /j.h- 
 pov, a measure]. An optic device for deter- 
 mining the angle of aperture of microscopic 
 objectives. The apertometer of Abbe, which 
 is mostly used, consists of a semicircular 
 piece of thick glass with the straight edge 
 beveled at 45 degrees. Light entering the 
 curved edge is reflected upward by the bev- 
 eled edge. This is received by the objec- 
 tive of the microscope. By means of two 
 metal slides moving on the curved edge 
 the exact angle of the light required to fill 
 the back lens of the objective is indicated 
 on the curved edge and can be read off 
 directly. 
 
 Aperture (ap'-er-chur) [apertura, an opening]. 
 An opening. A., Angular, in the micro- 
 scope, the angle formed between a luminous 
 point placed in focus and the most divergent 
 rays that are capable of passing through 
 the entire system of an objective. A., 
 Numeric, the capacity of an objective for 
 admitting rays from the object and trans- 
 mitting them to the image. 
 
 Apex (a'-peks) [L., "the extreme end of a thing"; 
 pi., apices]. The summit or top of anything; 
 the point or extremity of a cone. A. -beat, 
 the impulse of the heart felt in the fifth inter- 
 costal space, about 3! inches from the mid- 
 dle of the sternum. A. of the Lung, the 
 upper extremity of the lung behind the 
 border of the first rib. A. Murmur, a mur- 
 mur heard over the apex of the heart. 
 
 Aphacia (ah-fa' -se-ah). See Aphakia. 
 
 Aphacic (ah-fa' -sik). See Aphakic. 
 
 Aphagia (ah-fa' -je-ah) [a, priv.; (fiayelv, to 
 eat]. Inability to eat or to swallow. 
 
 Aphakia {ah-fa' -ke-aK) [a, priv.; (fraKoc, a 
 lentil; the crystalline lens]. The condition 
 of an eye without the lens. 
 
 Aphakic (ah-fa' -kik) [see Aphakia]. Not pos- 
 sessing a crystalline lens. 
 
 Aphasia (ah-fa' -ze-ah) [a, priv.; <f>6.occ, speech]. 
 Partial or complete loss of the power of 
 expressing ideas by means of speech or writ- 
 ing. Aphasia may be either motor or sen- 
 sory. Motor or ataxic aphasia consists in 
 a loss of speech owing to inability to exe- 
 cute the various movements of the mouth 
 necessary to speech, the muscles not being 
 properly coordinated, owing to disease of the 
 cortical center. It is usually associated with 
 agraphia, "aphasia of the hand," inability 
 to write, and right-sided hemiplegia. Some 
 aphasiacs can write, but are unable to articu- 
 late words or sentences; this variety is vari- 
 ously named aphemia, alalia, or anarthria, 
 according as the impairment of speech is 
 more or less marked. Charcot supposes the 
 center for articulate language divided into 4 
 subcenters — a visual center for words, an 
 
 auditory center for words, a motor center 
 of articulate language, and a motor center 
 of written language. Lesions of one or more 
 of these centers produce the characteristic 
 forms of aphasia, all of which have clinical 
 exemplifications. Sensory aphasia, or am- 
 nesia, is the loss of memory for words, and 
 may exist alone or in association with motor 
 aphasia. Amnesia appears clinically in 3 
 distinct forms: 1. Simple loss of memory of 
 words. 2. Word-deafness, or inability to 
 understand spoken words (there is usually 
 some paraphasia connected with this form). 
 3. Word-blindness, or inability to understand 
 written or printed words. A., Broca's, 
 motor aphasia. A., Conduction, such as is 
 due to defect in some commissural connec- 
 tion between centers. A., Cortical, A., Pic- 
 torial, A., True, destruction of the function 
 of the auditory speech-center. A . , Functional , 
 that in which there is no manifest lesion, 
 but it occurs as a result of excitement in 
 hysteria or in severe constitutional disorders. 
 A., Gibberish, a form of transcortical aphasia 
 in which the speech is confused, words or 
 syllables being transposed or jumbled to- 
 gether, due to disruption of the tracts as- 
 sociating cortical speech-centers. Syn., Jar- 
 gon aphasia. A., Kussmaul's, voluntary 
 mutism, simulating aphasia, which sometimes 
 affects the insane, particularly paranoiacs, with 
 mystic ideas. A., Mixed, combined motor 
 and sensory aphasia. A., Optic, inability to 
 give the names for objects seen, due to in- 
 terrupted connection between the centers for 
 vision and speech. A., Pure, A., Isolated, 
 A., Subcortical, A., Subpictorial, aphasia 
 arising from a lesion interrupting impulses 
 ' toward the afferent tracts proceeding to the 
 auditory speech-center. A., Supracortical, 
 A., Suprapictorial, that form of lesion com- 
 pletely severing the connection of the auditory 
 center with the cortical center, but not destroy- 
 ing the auditory speech-center, the afferent 
 tracts proceeding to it or the efferent tracts 
 passing from it to the motor speech-center. 
 A., Tactile, inability to recognize objects by 
 the sense of touch, due to lesion in the cen- 
 tral parietal lobule. A., Total, A. univer- 
 salis, inability to utter a single word. A., 
 Wernicke's, cortical sensory aphasia. 
 
 Aphasiac (ah-fa' -ze-ak) [see Aphasia.] One 
 who is aphasic. 
 
 Aphasic (ah-fa'-zik) [see Aphasia]. Relating to 
 or affected with aphasia. 
 
 Aphemesthesia (ah -fem-es-the' ' -ze-ah) [a, priv.; 
 (prjfir), voice; a'coOrjotc, sensation]. Word- 
 blindness; word-deafness. 
 
 Aphemia (ah-fe'-me-ah) [a, priv.; (f^WV^ voice]. 
 Motor aphasia; inability to articulate words 
 or sentences from centric and not from 
 peripheral disease. See Aphasia. 
 
 Aphemic (ah-fem'-ik) [see Aphemia.] Relating 
 to or affected with aphemia. 
 
 Aphlogistic (ah-flo-jist'-ik) [a, priv.; (f)M£, a 
 flame]. 1. Noninflammable. .2. Burning 
 without flame. 
 
APHONIA 
 
 84 
 
 APLASTIC 
 
 Aphonia {ah- jo' -ne-ah) [a, priv.; (frcovfj, voice]. 
 Loss of speech, due to some peripheral lesion, 
 as in clergyman's sore throat; it may be 
 due to hysteria. 
 
 Aphonic (ah-fon'-ik) [see Aphonia]. Speech- 
 less; voiceless. 
 
 Aphorama, Aphorema {af-o-ra'-mah, -re'-mah) 
 [acfropav, to have in full view]. The state of 
 having projecting eyes, enabling one to see 
 at a distance on each side without moving 
 the head. 
 
 Aphoria (ah-fo'-re-ah) [a, priv.; <jikpscv, to 
 bear]. Sterility; unfruitfulness. A. imper- 
 cita, that attributed to aversion. A. im- 
 potens, that due to impairment of concep- 
 tive power. A. incongrua, that attributed 
 to nonresponsive condition of the conceptive 
 power to the seminal fluid. A. paramenica, 
 that due to menstrual disorder. A. poly- 
 posa, that attributed to the existence of a 
 uterine polyp. 
 
 Aphrasia (ah-fra'-ze-ah) [a, priv.; cppa^soj, to 
 utter]. Absence of the power to utter con- 
 nected phrases. A., Paralytic, that due to 
 paralysis of the ideation faculty. A., Su- 
 perstitious, the voluntary avoidance of 
 certain words from scruples of nicety or 
 religion. 
 
 Aphrodescin, Aphrodaescin (af-ro-des'-in) [&<f>- 
 pcodrjc, foamy], C 52 H 82 23 . A glucosid con- 
 stituent of the cotyledons of horse-chestnut. 
 It is a colorless, amorphous powder, soluble 
 in alcohol and water, its watery solution 
 frothing like soap. 
 
 Aphrodisia (af-ro-diz'-e-ah) ['Afipodhrj, Venus]. 
 Sexual desire, especially when morbid or 
 immoderate; sexual congress. 
 
 Aphrodisiac {af-ro-diz'-e-ak) [see Aphrodisia]. 
 i. Stimulating the sexual appetite; erotic. 
 2. An agent stimulating the sexual passion. 
 
 Aphtha (af'-tha) [a<pda, an eruption; pi., aph- 
 tha]. A form of stomatitis characterized by 
 the presence of small white vesicles in the 
 mouth, occurring chiefly in children under 
 3 years, and supposed to be due to a special 
 microorganism. Syn., Acacos; Acacus; Oph- 
 lyctis; Morbus aphthosus; Thrush; Sprue; 
 Angina aphthosa; Aphthous stomatitis. A. 
 anginosa, a form of sore throat attended by 
 slight fever, redness, and enlargement of the 
 fauces, with the formation of small whitish 
 specks on the tongue and mucosa of the throat. 
 It usually occurs in cold, damp weather and 
 in women and children. Aphthae, Bednar's, 
 two symmetrically placed ulcers seen at times 
 on the hard palate of cachectic infants, one on 
 each side of the mesial line. Aphthae, 
 Cachectic, those appearing beneath the 
 tongue, and associated with grave constitu- 
 tional symptoms ; Riga's disease. Syn., Carda- 
 relWs aphtha. A. epizootica. See Foot-and- 
 mouth Disease. A. febrilis, ulceration of the 
 mouth, extending to the esophagus and stom- 
 ach, and accompanied by fever. A. serpens, 
 Aphthae serpentes. See Cancrum oris. 
 Aphthae tropicae, a disease of the tropics 
 marked by epigastric fulness, pain, vomiting, 
 
 diarrhea, and redness of the tongue, with the 
 formation of small, white, painful spots on it. 
 Syn., Tropical sprue; Psilosis; Gastroen- 
 teritis aphthosa indica; Phlegmasia mem- 
 brana mucosa gastropulmonalis. Aphthae, 
 Valleix's. See Aphtha, Bednar's. 
 
 Aphthoid {af'-thoid) [see Aphtha]. Resembling 
 aphthae. 
 
 Aphthongia (af-thon'-ge-ah) [d, priv.; (pdbjjoc, 
 a sound]. A peculiar form of aphasia due to 
 spasm of the muscles supplied by the hypo- 
 glossal nerve. 
 
 Aphthous {a}' -thus) [see Aphtha], i. Pertain- 
 ing to or affected with aphthae. 2. Presenting 
 the appearance of a surface covered with little 
 ulcers. 
 
 Apical {a'-pik-al) [apex, the top]. Pertaining 
 to the apex. 
 
 Apicifixed (a-pis'-e-fikl). Attached by the 
 apex. 
 
 Apiciform (a-pis'-e-form) [apex, the top; forma, 
 form]. Sharp-pointed. 
 
 Apicilar (a-pis' -il-ar) [apex, the top]. Attached 
 to or located upon an apex. 
 
 Apiin {ap'-e-in) [apium, parsley], C 27 H 32 O l6 . A 
 glucosid obtained from the leaves, stems, and 
 seeds of parsley, Apium petroselinum. It is a 
 yellowish-white, crystalline powder, soluble in 
 hot water and alcohol, slightly soluble in cold 
 water, insoluble in ether. 
 
 Apinoid {ah' -pin-oid) [a, priv.; nfaoc, dirt; 
 eldoc, form]. Clean; not foul. A. Can- 
 cer, scirrhus; so called from its cleanly 
 section. 
 
 Apiol (ap'-e-ol) [apium, parsley; oleum, oil], 
 C 12 H 14 4 . A principle occurring in parsley- 
 seeds; it crystallizes in long white needles, 
 with a slight odor of parsley; melts at 30 C. 
 (86° F.), and boils at 294 C. (572 F.). It is 
 used in dysmenorrhea and in malaria. In 
 large doses it produces ringing in the ears 
 and frontal headache. Syn., Parsley- 
 camphor. Dose 10-15 g r - (0.65-1.0 Gm.). 
 A., Green, crude ethereal oil from seeds 
 of parsley, Apium petroselinum. It is used 
 as an emmenagog and antiperiodic. Dose, 
 in dysmenorrhea, 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc.) 2 or 
 3 times daily; in malaria, 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). 
 A., Liquid, an alcoholic extract of parsley- 
 seeds. 
 
 Aplacental (ah-plas-en'-tal) [a, priv.; placenta]. 
 Destitute of placenta. 
 
 Aplanatic (ah-plan-at'-ik) [a, priv.; TzXavaoQo.i, 
 to wander]. Not wandering; rectilinear. A. 
 Focus, that focus of a lens the rays from 
 which do not undergo spheric aberration in 
 their passage through the lens. A. Lens, a 
 lens corrected for aberration of light and 
 color; a rectilinear lens. 
 
 Aplasia (ah-pla'-ze-ah) [a, priv.; nXaooecv, to 
 form]. Incomplete or defective development. 
 Syn., Agenesis. 
 
 Aplastic (ah-plas' -tik) [see Aplasia]. 1. Struc- 
 tureless; formless. 2. Incapable of forming 
 new tissue. 3. Relating to aplasia. 4. Defec- 
 tive in fibrin. 5. Applied to inflammations 
 unattended with organizable exudation. A, 
 
APNEA 
 
 85 
 
 APOPLECTIC 
 
 Lymph, a nonfibrinous material incapable of 
 coagulation or organization. 
 
 Apnea, Apnoea {ap-ne'-ah) [a, priv.; tzvs'cv, to 
 breathe], i. A transient cessation of respira- 
 tion from an overabundance of oxygen, as, 
 e.g., after forcible respiration. 2. Asphyxia. 
 A., Cardiac, the period of apnea in Cheyne- 
 Stokes respiration. A., Nervous, that due to 
 disorders of the centers of respiration. A., 
 Placental, placental tuberculosis. A., 
 Uterine, a form of dyspnea observed in hys- 
 teric patients, due to no manifest disease. 
 Syn., Uterine asthma. 
 
 Apneumatosis {ap-nu-mat-o' -sis) [a, priv.; zis'j- 
 adzojacc, inflation]. Collapse of the air-cells. 
 
 Apoaconitin (ap-o-ak-on'-it-in) [and, from; 
 aconitum, aconite], C^tL^NG^. An alkaloid 
 prepared from aconitin by dehydration. 
 
 Apoatropin {ap-o-at'-ro-pin) [dzo, from; atro- 
 pin], C 17 H 21 X0 2 . An alkaloid obtained by 
 the action of HN0 3 on atropin. 
 
 Apocenosis (ap-o-sen'-o-sis) [drzoKsvoeiv, to 
 drain]. 1. An increased flow or evacuation 
 of blood or other humors. 2. A partial 
 evacuation. In the plural, apocenoses, Cul- 
 len and Swediaur's term for diseases marked 
 by fluxes and unattended by fever. 
 
 Apochromatic (ap-o-kro-mat'-ik) [d~6, away; 
 ypJjaa, color]. Without color. A. Lens, a 
 lens of a special variety of glass, corrected 
 for spheric and chromatic aberration. 
 
 Apocodein {ap-o-ko' -de -in) [d~6, from; codein], 
 C l8 H 19 N0 2 . An alkaloid prepared from 
 codein by dehydration. It is emetic and 
 expectorant, with other qualities much 
 like those of codein, and is recommended 
 in chronic bronchitis. The hydrochlorate is 
 generally used. Dose 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.25 
 Gra.). Unof. 
 
 Apocoptic {ap-o-ko p'-tik) [dzono-zscv, to cut 
 off]. Affected by or occurring from the re- 
 moval of a part. 
 
 Apocynin {ap -os' -in -in) [see Apocynum]. 
 The precipitate from a tincture of Apocy- 
 num cannabinv.m; tonic, alterative, and ca- 
 thartic. Dose J— 1 gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.). 
 Unof. 
 
 Apocynum {ap-os'-in-nm) [apocynon, dogbane]. 
 Canadian hemp. The root of A. cannabinum, 
 the properties of which are due to apocynin. 
 It is a good expectorant; in full doses it is 
 emetic and cathartic. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.2 
 Gm.); of tincture 5-40 min. (0.3-2.5 Cc). 
 Another American species, A. androsccmi- 
 folium, has similar properties. Unof. A., 
 Fluidextract of {fluidextr actum apocyni, U. 
 S. P.). Dose 5-20 min. (0.3-1.2 Cc). 
 
 Apodia {ah-po' -de-ah) [d, priv.; tzouc, a foot]. 
 Absence of feet. 
 
 Apolar (ah-po'-lar) [d, priv.; ~6Xoc, the end 
 of an axis]. Not possessing a pole. A. 
 Cells, nerve-cells without processes. 
 
 Apollinaris Water {ap-ol-in-a'-ris). A Ger- 
 man alkaline mineral water, highly charged 
 with carbonic acid, and largely used as a 
 diluent in gout, rheumatism, etc. 
 
 Apolysin {ap-ol'-is-in), C 6 H 4 (OC 2 H 6 )NH 8 C 6 6 . 
 
 A compound of citric acid and phenetidin. 
 It is antipyretic and analgesic. Dose 8-90 
 gr. (0.5-5.0 Gm.) daily. Syn., Monoplieneti- 
 din citric acid. 
 
 Apomorphin {ap-o-?nor f -fin) [dr.6, from; Mor- 
 pheus, the god of sleep], C 17 H 17 N0 2 . An 
 artificial alkaloid, derived from morphin by 
 the abstraction of a molecule of water. A. 
 Hydrochlorid {apomorphince hydrochloridum, 
 U. S. P.), is the salt used, and is a gray- 
 ish, crystalline powder. It acts as a centric 
 emetic. Dose oVtV S r - (0.003-0.0065 Gm.), 
 hypodermatically, or jV~i g r - (0.0065-0.01 
 Gm.) by the mouth. It is expectorant in 
 small doses. 
 
 Apomorphosis (ap-o-mor-Jo'-sis) [dszoiwpcboCv, to 
 change the form]. A chemic change by which 
 one substance acting upon another takes 
 something away from it. 
 
 Aponeurosis iap-o-nu-ro'-sis) [d~6, from; veu- 
 pov, a tendon]. A fibrous, membranous ex- 
 pansion of a tendon giving attachment to 
 muscles or serving to inclose and bind down 
 muscles. Important are the infraspinous, 
 inclosing the infraspinous muscle; that 0} 
 the deltoid muscle, of the external oblique or 
 abdominal, of the forearm, of the leg, of the 
 transversalis, of the head, etc. A. of Oc- 
 cipitofrontalis Muscle, the aponeurosis that 
 separates the two slips of the occipitofrontalis 
 muscle. A. of Soft Palate, a thin, firm, 
 fibrous layer, attached above to the hard 
 palate, and becoming thinner toward the free 
 margin of the velum. A., Subscapular, 
 a thin membrane attached to the entire 
 circumference of the subscapular fossa, and 
 affording attachment by its inner surface 
 to some of the fibers of the subscapularis 
 muscle. A., Supraspinous, a thick and 
 dense membranous layer that completes the 
 osseofibrous case in which the supraspinatus 
 muscle is contained, affording attachment by 
 its inner surface to some of the fibers of the 
 muscle. A., Vertebral, a thin aponeurotic 
 lamina extending alcng the whole length of 
 the back part of the thoracic region, serving 
 to bind down the erector spinas, and separat- 
 ing it from those muscles that unite the spine 
 to the upper extremity. 
 
 Aponeurositis (ap-on-u-ro-si' -tis) [aponeurosis; 
 czee, inflammation]. Inflammation of an 
 aponeurosis. 
 
 Aponeurotic {ap-on-u-rot'-ik) [aponeurosis]. 
 Pertaining to an aponeurosis. 
 
 Apophysis {ap-of'-is-is) [d-d, from; <f>uocc, 
 growth; pi., apophyses]. A process, outgrowth, 
 or swelling of some part or organ, as of a bone. 
 Apophyses, False. See Epiphyses. A. len- 
 ticularis, the orbicular process of the tempo- 
 ral bone. A. raviana, the processus gracilis 
 of the malleus. Apophyses, True, those 
 which have never been epiphyses. 
 
 Apoplectic {ap-o-plek'-tik) [apoplexy]. Pertain- 
 ing to or affected with apoplexy. A. Equiva- 
 lents, a name given to the premonitory symp- 
 toms of apoplexy, indicating that the brain 
 is subject to alterations in blood-pressure. 
 
APOPLECTIFORM 
 
 86 
 
 APOZEM 
 
 Apoplectiform (ap - o - plek' - tif - orm) [apo- 
 plexy; forma, form]. Resembling apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 Apoplexy (ap'-o-pleks-e) [ano, off; nXijoaecv, to 
 strike]. The symptom-complex resulting from 
 hemorrhage or the plugging of a vessel in the 
 brain or spinal cord. The term is sometimes 
 also applied to the bursting of a vessel in the 
 lungs, liver, etc. A., Asthenic, that due to 
 vital depression. A., Atonic, that which 
 comes on gradually and does not attain a high 
 degree of development. Syn., Imperfect apo- 
 plexy. A., Atrabilious, deep melancholy at- 
 tributed to resorption of bile. A. , Bulbar, that 
 due to hemorrhage into the substance of the 
 oblongata, causing paralysis of one or both 
 sides of the body, inability to swallow, diffi- 
 culty in protruding the tongue, dyspnea, gastric 
 disorders, and tumultuous action of the heart. 
 A., Capillary, one resulting from rupture of 
 capillaries. A., Consecutive, that due to 
 the arrest of some habitual discharge or 
 eruption. A., Cutaneous, i. See Purpura 
 hemorrhagica. 2. A sudden effusion of blood 
 to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A., 
 Dysarthritic, a form accompanying arthritic 
 diseases, in which the pain disappears from- 
 the joints, and vertigo, pain in the head, 
 etc., appear. A., Epileptic, coma with epi- 
 leptoid symptoms, sometimes observed in cere- 
 bral and acute inflammatory diseases. A., 
 Febrile, paroxysmal fever attended with deep 
 sleep and stertor. Syn., Apoplexia febricosa. 
 A., Fulminant, a sudden and fatal apoplexy. 
 A., Ingravescent, a term applied to a form 
 of apoplexy in which there is a slowly pro- 
 gressive loss of consciousness, due to a 
 gradual leakage of blood from a ruptured 
 vessel. A., Muscular, an escape of blood 
 into the muscular tissue. A., Nervous. 1. 
 Acute anemia of the brain. 2. A condition 
 marked by symptoms of cerebral congestion 
 and hemorrhage which are due to functional 
 disturbance of the nervous system. A. of the 
 Ovary, A., Ovarian, hemorrhage into the 
 stroma of the ovary, through the rupture of a 
 follicle, converting the organ into a cyst or 
 hematoma. The blood is gradually absorbed, 
 though it gives rise to great pain; the cause is 
 unknown. A., Phlegmonous, a condition 
 attributed to inflammation of the brain and 
 its membranes; it is marked by delirium, 
 fever, severe headache, conjunctival injection, 
 lacrimation, and a hard pulse. A., Pituit- 
 ous, serous apoplexy. A., Placental, A., 
 Placentary, escape of blood into the placental 
 substance. A., Progressive, that in which 
 there is a very gradual increase of the par- 
 alysis and other symptoms. A., Pulmonary, 
 escape of blood into the pulmonary par- 
 enchyma. A., Pulmonary, Vascular, very 
 acute and extensive congestion of the lungs, 
 leading to apoplectic symptoms and a fatal 
 termination. A., Sanguineous, hemorrhage 
 into or upon the brain. A., Serous, that due 
 to an effusion of serous matter into or upon 
 the brain. A., Simple, the name given to 
 
 those cases of death from coma in which 
 no cerebral lesion is found. A., Spinal, 
 rupture of a blood-vessel of the spinal cord. 
 A., Suppurative, that due to purulent pro- 
 cesses and fever. A., Symptomatic, that 
 attributed to another disease or to the ar- 
 rest of some habitual evacuation. A., 
 Uterine, escape of blood into the muscular 
 tissue of the uterus. A., Venous, that due 
 to congestion of the veins. 
 
 Apoquinamin (ap-o-kwin'-am-in), C 19 H 22 N 2 0. 
 An artificial alkaloid occurring as a white, 
 amorphous substance derived from quinamin, 
 conquinamin, or quinamidin by action of 
 hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Aporetin (ap-o-re' -tin) [and, from; prjrhr), a 
 resin]. A resinous substance found in rhu- 
 barb. 
 
 Aporocephalous (ap-o-ro-sef -al-us) [dnopoc, 
 difficult to distinguish; aecfraArj, the head]. 
 Having a head scarcely distinguishable. 
 
 Apositia (ap-o-sif -e-ah) [and, from; o'cxoc, food]. 
 Aversion to or loathing of food. 
 
 Apostasis (ap-os'-tas-is) [anooxaocc, a standing 
 away from]. 1. An abscess. 2. The end or 
 the crisis of an attack of disease; termina- 
 tion by crisis. 3. An exfoliation. 
 
 Aposthia (ah-pos' -the-ah) [a, priv.; ~6odr), 
 penis; prepuce]. Absence of the penis or 
 of the prepuce. 
 
 Apostoli's Method. The use of strong elec- 
 trolytic or chemic galvanocaustic currents in 
 the treatment of diseases of the female gen- 
 erative organs, especially uterine fibroids. 
 
 Apothecaries' Weight. A system of weights 
 and measures used in compounding medi- 
 
 , cines. The troy pound of 5760 grains is 
 the standard. It is subdivided into 12 
 ounces. The ounce is subdivided into 8 
 drams, the dram into 3 scruples, and the 
 scruple into 20 grains. For fluid measure 
 the quart of 32 fluidounces is subdivided 
 into 2 pints, the pint into 16 fluidounces, 
 the ounce into 8 fluidrams, and the fluidram 
 into 60 minims. The following symbols and 
 abbreviations are used: 
 
 IT], minim. 5, uncia, an ounce (480 
 
 grains). 
 3, scrupulus, a scruple ft, libra, a pound. 
 
 (20 grains). O., octarius, a pint. 
 
 5, drachma, a dram (60 gr., granum, a grain. 
 
 grains). ss., semissis, one-half. 
 
 See Weights and Measures. 
 
 Apothem, Apothema (ap' '-o-them, ap-oth'-em- 
 ah) [and, from; dkfia, a deposit]. A brown 
 powder deposited from vegetable infusions 
 or decoctions exposed to the air. 
 
 Apothesis (ap-oth'-es-is) [dnodeocc, a putting 
 back]. The reduction of a fracture or luxa- 
 tion. 
 
 Apotheter (ap-oth'-et-er). A navel-string re- 
 positor devised by Braun, consisting of a 
 staff with a sling attached in which the pro- 
 lapsed funis is placed and carried up into 
 the uterine cavity. 
 
 Apozem, Apozema (ap'-o-zem, ap-oz'-em-ah) 
 [and, away; £e?v, to boil]. A decoction, 
 especially one to which medicines are added. 
 
APPARATUS 
 
 87 
 
 APRON 
 
 Apparatus iap-ar-a'-tus) {apparatus, prepara- 
 tion]. I. A collection of instruments or devices 
 used for a special purpose. 2. Anatomically 
 the word is ■ used to designate collectively the 
 organs performing a certain function. 3. A 
 collection of pathologic phenomena. A., 
 Absorbent, the blood-vessels and lymphatics. 
 A. ligamentosus colli, the occipitoaxoid 
 ligament, a broad band at the front surface 
 of the spinal canal that covers the odontoid 
 process. 
 
 Apparition (ap-ar-ish' -un) [apparitio, an ap- 
 pearance]. 1. A visual delusion or hallucina- 
 tion. 2. The sudden aggregation of scattered 
 principles into an element or corpuscle. 
 
 Appendage {ap-en'-ddj) [appendere, to weigh; 
 hang]. Anything appended, usually some- 
 thing of minor importance. A., Auricular. 
 1. The projecting part of the cardiac au- 
 ricle. 2. Virchow's name for a round or 
 elongated cartilaginous prominence in front 
 of the tragus. A.s, Cutaneous, A.s, Der- 
 mal, the nails, hair, sebaceous glands, and 
 sweat-glands. A.s, Epiploic. See Appendi- 
 ces epiploic^ under Appendix. A.s of the 
 Eye, the eyelashes, eyebrows, lacrimal gland, 
 lacrimal sac and ducts, and conjunctiva. A.s, 
 Fetal, the placenta, amnion, chorion, and 
 umbilical cord. A., Ovarian, the parovar- 
 ium. A., Pineal, the epiphysis. A., Pitu- 
 itary, the hypophysis. A.s, Uterine, the 
 ovaries and oviducts. 
 
 Appendalgia {ap-end-al f -je-ah) [appendix; aX- 
 yoc, pain]. Pain in the appendicular region. 
 
 Appendectomy (ap-en-dek'-to-me). See Appen- 
 dicectomy. 
 
 Appendiceal, Appendicial (ap-en-di-se f -al, ap- 
 en-di' -she-al) . See Appendicular. 
 
 Appendicectomy (ap-en-dis-ek' -to-me) {appen- 
 dix; iicTotirj, excision]. Excision of the ver- 
 miform appendix. 
 
 Appendicitis {ap-en-dis-i' -tis) [appendix; ctlc;, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the vermi- 
 form appendix. Syn., Paratyplilitis; Epity- 
 phlitis; A bscess of iliac form. A. , Gangrenous , 
 that in which the vermiform appendix is found 
 gangrenous and sloughing, usually with one 
 or more perforations and free leakage, a 
 large section of the right groin full of 
 lemon-colored, septic fluid, a puddle of filth 
 underneath the cecum and ileum, the omen- 
 tum fixed with a cluster of bowel adhesions 
 beneath. Syn., Green groin. A. larvata, 
 an incipient or latent form of appendicitis. 
 A. obliterans, an inflammation characterized 
 by the progressive obliteration of the lumen 
 of the appendix, by the disappearance of 
 the epithelial lining and glandular structure. 
 The symptoms are acute attacks of brief 
 duration, moderate swelling at the seat of 
 disease, and persistence of tenderness in the 
 region of the appendix during the intermis- 
 sions. 
 
 Appendicular (ap-en-dik' -u-lar) [appendicular a 
 small appendix]. Pertaining to the vermi- 
 form appendix. A. Colic, a spasmodic 
 colicky pain originating in the appendix. 
 
 Appendiculate (ap-ew-dik'-u-lat). Having ap- 
 pendages or protruding accessory parts. 
 
 Appendix {ap-en'-diks) [appendere., to hang upon 
 or to]. An appendage. A. auricularis. See 
 Appendage, Auricidar (1). A. cerebri, the 
 pituitary body. A., Ensiform. See Xi- 
 phoid. A. epididymidis, the vas aber- 
 rans. Appendices epiploicae, fatty projec- 
 tions of the serous coat of the large intestine. 
 A. lobularis, the flocculus. A., Supr^sphe- 
 noid, A. ventriculi, the hypophysis. A., 
 Vermiform, A. vermiformis, the small, blind 
 gut projecting from the cecum. A., Xi- 
 phoid. See Xiphoid. 
 
 Apperception (ap-er-sep' '-shun) [appercipere, to 
 perceive]. The conscious reception or per- 
 ception of a sensory impression; the power 
 of receiving and appreciating sensory im- 
 pressions. 
 
 Appetence, Appetency {ap'-e-tens, ap'-e-ten-sc) 
 [appetentia, appetite]. An appetite or desire; 
 the attraction of a living tissue for those 
 materials that are appropriate for its nutri- 
 tion. 
 
 Appetite iap'-e-tii) [appetere, to desire]. The 
 desire for food; also any natural desire; 
 lust. A., Perverted, that for unnatural and 
 indigestible things, frequent in disease and 
 in pregnancy. 
 
 Applanate (ap'-lan-dt) [ad, to; planus, flat]. 
 Horizontally flattened. 
 
 Applanatio, Applanation (ap-lan-a'-she-o, ap- 
 lan-a'-shun) [L.]. A flattening. A. cornese, 
 flattening of the entire surface of the cornea 
 from disease. 
 
 Apple (ap'-l) [AS., cep pel, an apple]. The fruit 
 of the tree, Pyrus malus. A., Adam's. See 
 Pomum adami. A. -brandy, an alcoholic 
 spirit distilled from cider; cider-brandy. A. 
 Extract. See Extractum ferri pomatum under 
 Extract. A. Eye. Synonym of Exophthalmos. 
 A. Head, a term for the broad, thick skull 
 of dwarfs. A. Oil, amyl valerinate. 
 
 Applicator (ap' ' -lilz-a-tor) [L.]. An instrument 
 used in making applications. 
 
 Apposition {ap-o-zish' -un) [apponere, to apply 
 to]. 1. The act of fitting together; the state 
 of being fitted together. 2. An addition of 
 parts. 3. Development by accretion. 
 
 Apraxia (ah-praks' '-e-ah) [a, priv.; xpaooetv, to 
 do]. Soul-blindness; mind-blindness; ob- 
 ject-blindness; an affection in which the 
 memory for the uses of things is lost, as well 
 as the understanding of the signs by which 
 the things are expressed. 
 
 Aproctia (ah-prok' -she-ah) [d, priv.; npajKroe, 
 anus]. Absence of the anus. 
 
 Apron {a'-pron) [ME., apern]. 1. A cloth or 
 rubber covering to prevent the clothing from 
 becoming soiled. 2. The omentum. A., 
 Hottentot, artificially elongated labia minora. 
 Syn., Pudendal apron. A., Masonic, a name 
 sometimes given to a support, attached to 
 the waist, for the penis and testicles in 
 gonorrheal cases. A. of Succor, a canvas 
 appliance borne by two men, and used for 
 the transportation of wounded persons. 
 
APROSEXIA 
 
 AQUEDUCT 
 
 Aprosexia (ah-pro-seks'-e-ah) [a, priv.; np-q- 
 ok%£iv, to give heed]. A mental disturbance 
 consisting in inability to fix the attention upon 
 a subject. An inability to think clearly and 
 to comprehend readily what is read or heard; 
 a condition sometimes observed in the course 
 of chronic catarrh of the nose or of the nose 
 and pharynx. 
 
 Aprosopia (ah-pro-so' -pe-ah) [a, priv.; npboumov, 
 the face]. A form of fetal monstrosity with 
 absence of part or all of the face. 
 
 Apselaphesia (ap-sel-af-e' '-ze-ah) [a, priv.; <prj- 
 Xacf>f)occ, touch]. Loss of the tactile sense. 
 
 Apsithyria, Apsithurea (ah-psith-i'-re-ah, -u'- 
 re-ah) [a, priv.; ^cdupc^ecv, to whisper]. 
 Hysteric aphonia, in which the patient loses 
 the voice and is also unable to whisper. 
 
 Apsychia (a-si' -ke-ah) [a, priv.; <pu%r], spirit]. 
 Unconsciousness; a faint or swoon. 
 
 Aptyalia, Aptyalism (ah-ti-a' -le-ah, ah-ti'-al- 
 izm) [a, priv.; TcxuaXt^ecv, to spit], i. Defi- 
 ciency or absence of saliva. 2. Psychic sali- 
 vation; debility and general disorder from 
 loss of oxydases due to excessive expectora- 
 tion. 
 
 Apyknomorphous (ah-pik-no-morf -us) [a, 
 priv.; tzokvoc, compact; p.op(f)ij, form]. Ap- 
 plied by Nissl to feebly staining cells, or 
 those in which the stainable portions are 
 not arranged in close proximity. 
 
 Apyonin (ah-pi'-on-in) [a, priv.; tcuov, pus]. 
 A remedy introduced as a substitute for py- 
 oktanin in ophthalmic practice. It is said to 
 be identical with yellow pyoktanin. Unof. 
 
 Apyretic (ah-pi-ref -ik) [see A pyrexia]. With- 
 out fever. 
 
 Apyrexia (ah-pi-rek' -se -ah) [a, priv.; izuperog, 
 fever]. Absence of fever. 
 
 Apyrexial {ah-pi-rek' -se-al) [see Apyrexia]. 
 Pertaining to, of the nature of, or char- 
 acterized by apyrexia. 
 
 Aqua (a'-kwah) [L.]. Water. An oxid of 
 hydrogen, having the composition H 2 0. It is 
 a solid below 32 , a liquid between 32 and 
 212 , vaporizes at 212 at the sea-level (bar. 
 760 mm.), giving off vapor of tension equal 
 to that of the air. It covers four-fifths of the 
 surface of the earth, but is never pure in nature, 
 containing from a trace of soluble matter, in 
 rain-water, to 26 % of soluble mineral salts, 
 in the Dead Sea. Water is an essential con- 
 stituent of all animal and vegetable tissues. 
 In the human body it forms 2 % of the en- 
 amel of the teeth, 77 % of the tissues, 
 78 % of the blood, and 93 % of the urine. 
 Water is a valuable antipyretic; internally, 
 it is diuretic. It is the most useful of all 
 the solvents. Aquce, in pharmacy, designates 
 various medicated waters. A. ammoniae 
 (U.S. P.), ammonia-water. Dose 10-30 min. 
 (0.6-2.0 Cc). A. ammonias fortior (U. S. 
 P.), stronger ammonia-water, used externally. 
 A. amygdalae amarae (U. S. P.), bitter 
 almond water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). A. 
 anethi (B. P.), dill-water. Dose §-2 oz. 
 (15-60 Cc). A. anisi (U. S. P.), anise 
 water. Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). A. 
 
 aurantii fiorum (U. S. P.), orange-flower 
 water. Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). A. aur- 
 antii fiorum fortior (U. S. P.), triple orange- 
 flower water. A. bulliens, boiling water. 
 A. camphoras (U. S. P.), camphor-water. 
 Dose |-i oz. (15-30 Cc). A. carbolisata, 
 22 parts of liquefied phenol in 978 parts of 
 distilled water. Dose 1 dr.-J oz. (4-16 Cc). 
 A. chlori (liquor chlori composilus, U. S. P.), 
 chlorin water. Dose 1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0 Cc). 
 A. chloroformi (U. S. P), chloroform-water. 
 Dose \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). A. cinnamomi 
 (U. S. P ), cinnamon-water. Dose ^-2 oz. 
 (15-60 Cc). A. communis, common water. 
 A. creosoti (U. S. P.), creasote-water. Dose 
 1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0 Cc). A. destillata (U. S. 
 P.), distilled water. A. ferrata, a chalybeate 
 water. A. fervens, hot water. A. fiuvialis, 
 river-water. A. fceniculi (U. S. P.), fennel- 
 water. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). A. fon- 
 tana, well- or spring-water. A. fortis. See 
 Acid, Nitric. A. hamamelidis (U. S. P.), 
 hamamelis water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). A. 
 hydrogenii dioxidi (U. S. P.), solution of hy- 
 drogen dioxid, used chiefly locally. A. laby- 
 rinthi, the clear fluid existing in the labyrinth 
 of the ear. A. laurocerasi (B. P.), cherry- 
 laurel water. Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-2.0 Cc). 
 A. levico, water from springs at Levico in the 
 Tyrol, containing arsenic, iron, and copper. 
 A. marina, sea-water. A. menthae piperitae 
 (U. S. P.), peppermint-water. Dose 1-2 oz. 
 (30-60 Cc). A. menthae viridis (U. S. P.), 
 spearmint water. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). A. 
 oculi, the aqueous humor. A. omnium fior- 
 um, a liquid distillation-product of cow-dung 
 collected during the month of May; for- 
 merly used in pulmonary tuberculosis. A. 
 pimentae (B. P.), allspice water. Dose \-2 
 oz. (15-60 Cc). A. pluvialis, rain-water. 
 A. putealis, A. puteana, well-water. A. 
 regia. See Acid, Nitrohydrochloric. A. 
 rosae (U. S. P.), rose-water. Dose 1-2 oz. 
 (30-60 Cc). A. rosae fortior (U. S. P.), used 
 for making rose-water. A. vitae, brandy or 
 spirit. 
 
 Aquacapsulitis (a-kwah-kap-su-W -tis) [aqua; 
 capsula; exec, inflammation]. Inflamma- 
 tion of the membrane of Descemet; serous 
 iritis. 
 
 Aquaeductus (ak-we-duk'-tus). See Aqueduct. 
 
 Aquapuncture (a-kwah-pungk' '-chiir) [aqua; 
 punctura, a puncture]. 1. Counterirrita- 
 tion by means of a very fine jet of water 
 impinging upon the skin; it is useful in neu- 
 ralgic disorders. 2. The hypodermatic injec- 
 tion of water as a placebo. 
 
 Aquatic (a - kwat' - ik) [aqua]. Pertaining to 
 water. A. Cancer. Synonym of Cancrum 
 oris. 
 
 Aqueduct, Aquaeductus (ak' -we-dukt, ak-we- 
 duk'-tus) [aqua; ductus, a leading]. A 
 canal for the passage of fluid; any canal. 
 Aquaeductus cerebri, the infundibulum. 
 Aquaeductus cochleae, aqueduct of the 
 cochlea. A., Communicating, Aquaeduc- 
 tus communicationis, a small canal 
 
 
AQUEOUS 
 
 89 
 
 ARBORIZATION 
 
 sometimes found at the junction of the mas- 
 toid part of the temporal bone with the 
 petrosa, which transmits a venous branch 
 . to the end of the transverse sinus. A. of 
 Cotunnius, the aqueduct of the vestibule, 
 extending from the utricle to the posterior 
 wall of the pyramid in the brain. Aquae- 
 ductus fallopii. See under Fallopian. 
 Aquaeductus sylvii, the aqueduct of Syl- 
 vius, the passageway from the third to the 
 fourth ventricle, the iter e tertio ad quartum 
 ventriculum. Syn., Ventricular aqueduct. A., 
 Temporal, an inconstant canal at the dorsal 
 part of the superior angle of the petrosa, 
 for passage of the squamosopetrosal sinus. 
 Aquaeductus vestibuli, the aqueduct of the 
 vestibule of the ear. 
 
 Aqueous (a'-kioe-us) [aqua]. Watery. A. 
 Chamber of the Eye, the space between 
 the cornea and the lens; the iris divides it 
 into an anterior and a posterior chamber. A. 
 Extract, a solid preparation of a drug made 
 by evaporation of its aqueous solution. A. 
 Humor, the fluid filling the anterior chamber 
 of the eye. 
 
 Aquo capsulitis (a-kwo-kap-su-li'-tis). See 
 Aquacapsulitis. 
 
 Aquosity {a-kwos'-it-e) [aquosilas, watery]. The 
 state or condition of being watery. 
 
 Aquozon -(a&'-ioo-zcm). Ozonized, distilled, and 
 sterilized water, containing 3 % by volume of 
 ozone. 
 
 Arabic Acid (ar'-ab-ik). See Arabin. A., 
 Gum-. See Acacia. 
 
 Arabia {ar'-ab-in) [arabic], (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) 2 + H 2 0. 
 Arabic acid. A transparent, glassy, amor- 
 phous mass, an exudate from many plants. 
 It is soluble in water, and is the principal 
 constituent of gum-arabic. 
 
 Arabinose {ar'-ab-in-os) [arabic], C 6 H 12 6 . 
 One of the glucoses made from gum-arabic 
 on boiling with dilute H 2 S0 4 . It crystallizes 
 in shining prisms that melt at ioo°; is 
 slightly soluble in cold water, has a sweet 
 taste, and reduces Fehling's solution, but is 
 not fermented by yeast. 
 
 Arabite {ar'-ab-it) [arabinose], C 5 H 12 5 . A 
 substance formed from arabinose by the 
 action of sodium amalgam. It crystallizes 
 from hot alcohol in shining needles, melting 
 at 102 . It has a sweet taste, but does not 
 reduce Fehling's solution. 
 
 Arachnitis (ar-ak-ni'-tps) [arachnoid; czcg, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the arach- 
 noid membrane of the brain. Syn., Lepto- 
 meningitis externa; Arachnodeitis; Arach- 
 noiditis; Arachnoideitis; Arachnoids. A., 
 Rachidian, A., Spinal, spinal meningitis. 
 
 Arachnoid (ar-ak'-noid) [dpayvrj, a spider's web; 
 ddog, form]. 1. Resembling a web. 2. 
 The arachnoid membrane. Syn., Membrana 
 media cerebri; Meningion; Meningium; 
 Meninx arachnoidea; Meninx media; Men- 
 inx serosa. 3. Pertaining to a membrane. 
 4. Thready; feeble; said of the pulse. A. 
 Membrane, the delicate membrane of the 
 brain and cord between the dura and pia 
 
 mater. It is separated from the pia by the 
 subarachnoid space, and passes over the 
 convolutions without dipping down into the 
 fissures between them. 
 
 Arachnoidal {ar -ak- noid' - al) [see Arach- 
 noid]. Pertaining to the arachnoid mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Arachnolysin {ar-ak-no-W -sin) [dpayvrj, a 
 spider; Xuacc, a loosing]. A very active 
 hemolytic substance extracted from spiders. 
 It is destroyed by heating to 70 or 72 C, 
 and is probably identical with Robert's tox- 
 albumin of spiders. 
 
 Arack [ar'-ak). See Arrack. 
 
 Araeometer {ar-e-om'-et-er). See Areometer. 
 
 Aralia {ar-a f -le-ah) [L.]. A genus of plants, 
 order Araliacece, embracing several species, 
 having aromatic, diaphoretic, and resolvent 
 properties. Ginseng, wild sarsaparilla, petty - 
 morrel, and other plants esteemed in popular 
 medicine belong here; few have active qual- 
 ities of high value in any disease. 
 
 Aran's Green Cancer. See under Cancer. 
 A.'s Law, fractures of the base of the skull 
 are the result of injury to the vault, the 
 extension taking place by irradiation along the 
 line of the shortest circle. The fractures of 
 the base which occur by contre-coup are ex- 
 ceptions to this law. 
 
 Aran-Duchenne's Disease. Progressive mus- 
 cular atrophy. 
 
 Araneous {ar-a'-ne-us) [aranea, a spider's web]. 
 1. Full of webs; resembling a cobweb. 2. 
 Applied to a thready, feeble pulse. 3. Con- 
 sisting of separate filaments. A. Membrane, 
 the arachnoid membrane. 
 
 Arantius, Bodies of. See Corpora arantii. 
 A., Canal of, A., Duct of, the ductus 
 venosus. The smaller of the two branches 
 into which the umbilical vein divides after 
 entering the abdomen; it empties into the 
 ascending vena cava and becomes obliterated 
 after birth. A., Ligament of, the obliter- 
 ated ductus venosus of Arantius. A., Ven- 
 tricle of, 'a small culdesac in the medulla 
 oblongata, forming the lower termination 
 of the fourth ventricle. 
 
 Araroba (ar-ar-o'-bah) [Brazil]. Goa powder. 
 An oxidation-product of the resin found 
 deposited in the wood of the trunk of A. 
 andira, of Brazil. Its active principle is chry- 
 sarobin or chrysophanic acid. It is largely 
 used in skin affections. 
 
 Arbor (ar'-bor) [L.]. A tree. A name for the 
 arbor vitae of the cerebellum. A. vitas. 1. 
 A term applied to the arborescent appearance 
 of a section of the cerebellum, and also to 
 a similar appearance of the folds of the 
 interior of the cervix uteri. 2. The Thuja 
 occidentalis . 
 
 Arborescent {ar-bor-es'-ent) [arbor]. Branching 
 like a tree. 
 
 Arborization {ar-bor-iz-a' -shun) [arbor]. A 
 form of nerve-termination in which nerve- 
 fiber is brought into contact with muscle- 
 fiber by means of an expansion. A., Ter- 
 minal. 1. A branched end of a sensory 
 
ARBUTIN 
 
 90 
 
 ARCH 
 
 nerve. 2. A motor end-plate. A., Vascular, 
 a tree-like branching of blood-vessels. 
 
 Arbutin (ar'-bu-tin) [arbutus], C 12 H 15 7 . A 
 bitter glucosid obtained from Arctostaphylos 
 uva-ursi, or bearberry. It is neutral, crystal- 
 line, and resolvable into glucose and hydro- 
 quinon. It is diuretic. Dose 15-30 gr. (1- 
 2 Gm.). See Uva ursi. 
 
 Arbutus (ar-bu'-lus) [L.]. A genus of eri- 
 caceous shrubs and trees. A. menziesii, 
 the madrono of California, has an astringent 
 bark, useful in diarrhea. Unof. A. unedo, 
 the European arbutus, is astringent and nar- 
 cotic. A., Trailing. See Epigcea. 
 
 Arc (ark) [arcus, a bow]. A part of the cir- 
 cumference of a circle; a more or less curved 
 passageway. A., Bigonial (of lower jaw), 
 a measurement around the anterior margin 
 of the jaw. A., Binauricular, a measure- 
 ment from the center of one auditory meatus 
 to the other, directly upward across the top 
 of the head. A., Bregmatolambdoid, a 
 measurement along the sagittal suture. A., 
 Diastaltic Nervous, Marshall Hall's term 
 for the nerves concerned in a reflex action. 
 A., Frontal, the measurement from the 
 nasion to the bregma. A., Maximum 
 Transverse, the measurement across the 
 face from points just anterior to the ex- 
 ternal auditory meati. A., Nasobregmatic, 
 a line measured from the root of the nose 
 to the bregma. A., Nasomalar, measure- 
 ment between the outer margins of the orbits 
 over the nasion. A., Nasooccipital, measure- 
 ment from the root of the nose to the lowest 
 occipital protuberance. A., Occipital, meas- 
 urement from the lambda to the opisthion. 
 A., Parietal, measurement from the bregma 
 to the lambda. A., Reflex, the pathway for 
 a reflex act, comprising the center, the af- 
 ferent and efferent nerve. A., Voltaic, the 
 band of light formed by the passage of a 
 strong electric current between two adjacent 
 carbon points. 
 
 Arcade (ar-kad') [see Arc]. 1. A series of 
 arches; an arch. 2. The bow of a pair 
 of spectacles. A., Crural, Poupart's liga- 
 ment. A., Flint's, the arteriovenous arch 
 about the base of the renal pyramids. A., 
 Temporal, A., Temporal, Inferior, the 
 zygoma. A., Temporal, Superior, the or- 
 bital arch. 
 
 Arcanum (ar-ka'-nuni) [L., "a secret"]. A 
 secret medicine. 
 
 Arcate (ar'-kat) [arcatus, bow-shaped]. Bow- 
 shaped; curved; arcuate. 
 
 Arch (arch) [arcus, a bow]. 1. A structure 
 having a curved outline resembling that of 
 an arc or a bow. 2. A part of a circle. 
 A., Abdominothoracic, the lower boundary 
 of the front of the thorax. A., Alveolar, 
 that marking the outlines of the alveolar 
 processes of the jaw. A., Anastomotic, 
 one uniting two veins or arteries. A., An- 
 terior Hyoid, a general term which includes 
 the tympanohyal, epihyal, stylohyal, and 
 ceratohyal arches. A.s, Aortic, five pairs of 
 
 vascular arches existing in the fetus. A.s, 
 Axillary, twigs of the latissimus dorsi, some- 
 times passing over the vessels and nerves 
 to the anterior part of the axilla, where they 
 disappear in the tissues. A.s, Branchial, the 
 cartilaginous arches that support the gills 
 of fishes. They are also present in the hu- 
 man fetus. A.s, Cervical, the fourth and 
 fifth postoral arches. A., Cortical, that por- 
 tion of the renal substance which stretches 
 from one column to another and surrounds 
 the base of the pyramids. A., Costal, the 
 arch of the ribs. A., Cotylosacral, one 
 formed by the sacrum and the osseous 
 structures extending to the coxofemoral 
 joints. Syn., Standing arch. A., Crural, 
 Poupart's ligament. A., Dental. 1. The 
 parabolic curve formed by the cutting-edges 
 and masticating surfaces of the teeth. 2. 
 The alveolar arch. A., Epencephalic, the 
 bones lying over the epencephalon, uniting 
 in man to form the occipital bone. Syn., 
 N euro occipital arch. A., Facial, the first 
 postoral arch. A., Femoral. Same as A., 
 Crural. A., Femoral, Deep, a band of 
 fibers originating apparently in the trans- 
 verse fascia, arching across the crural sheath 
 and attached to the middle of Poupart's 
 ligament and the pectineal line. Syn., Deep 
 crural arch. A.s of the Foot, certain arches 
 formed by the bones of the foot; the most 
 distinct is the transverse in the line of the 
 tarsometatarsal articulations. The inner 
 longitudinal is composed of the os calcis, 
 the astragalus, the navicular, the 3 cunei- 
 forms, and the first 3 toes, and the outer 
 longitudinal is made up of the os calcis, the 
 cuboid, and the fourth and fifth toes. A., 
 Gluteal, an opening in the gluteal fascia 
 transmitting the gluteal vessels and nerves. 
 A., Hemal, Owen's term for the inferior 
 loop of the typical vertebra. It is so called 
 because it surrounds the essential portion 
 of the vascular system. It is formed dorsally 
 by the centrum, laterally by the pleur- 
 apophyses and hemapophyses, and inferiorly 
 by the hemal spine. Syn., Infravertebral arch; 
 Subcentral arch; Vertebral ventral arch. A., 
 Hyoid, the second branchial arch of verte- 
 brates. Syn., Lingual arch; Arch 0} tongue; 
 Parietohemal arch. A., Inguinal, Poupart's 
 ligament. A., Ischiopubic, that formed by 
 the pubis and the ischiopubic branches. A., 
 Ischiosacral, one formed by the sacrum, the 
 descending branches of the ischiums, and 
 the iliums lying between. Syn., Sitting arch. 
 A., Laryngeal, Callender's term for one in 
 the embryo composed of a membranous 
 plate extending from the lower portion of 
 the skull and developing into the inferior 
 constrictor muscle, the cartilages of the 
 larynx, the superior portion of the trachea, 
 and the thyroid body. A.s, Lateral In- 
 ferior (of the. skull), the bones encircling 
 the mouth, nose, and larynx. A.s, Lateral 
 Superior, the bones encircling the cerebrum, 
 the cerebellum, and the oblongata. A., 
 
ARCH 
 
 91 
 
 ARCHIBLASTULA 
 
 Mandibular, the first branchial arch, de- 
 veloping into the lower jaw. Syn., Maxil- 
 lary arch. A., Maxillary, i. See A., Man- 
 dibular. 2. See A., Palatomaxillary. A., 
 Mesencephalic, one formed by the basi- 
 sphenoid, alisphenoid, parietal, and mastoid 
 bones. Syn., Neuroparietal arch. A., Nasal, 
 one uniting the two frontal veins. A., 
 Neural, the superior loop of the typical 
 vertebra inclosing the neural canal. Syn., 
 Dorsal vertebral arch; Supravertebral arch. A., 
 Occipitohemal. See Girdle, Shoulder-. Syn., 
 Pectoral arch; Scapular arch; - Scapuloclavic- 
 ular arch; Scapulocoracoid arch. A., Osteo- 
 blastic, those formed imperfectly or com- 
 pletely by the osteoblasts, arising from the 
 bony trabeculas already developed and finally 
 becoming bony. A., Palatal, the concavity 
 of the hard palate when seen in transverse 
 section. A. of the Palate, Posterior, that 
 formed by the posterior pillars of the fauces. 
 Syn., Palatopharyngeal arch. A., Palatine, 
 that formed by the anterior pillars of the 
 fauces. Syn., Anterior arch of the palate. 
 A., Palatomaxillary", one formed by the 
 palatine, maxillary, and premaxillary bones 
 or their analogs; it is looked upon as the 
 hemal arch of the nasal vertebra. Syn., Max- 
 illary arch. A., Palmar, the arch formed 
 by the radial artery and ulnar arteries in 
 the palm of the hand; there are two — a 
 superficial and a deep. Syn., Radial arch. 
 A., Palmar, Superficial, the continuation of 
 the ulnar artery across the palm. A., Pel- 
 vic, the bones of the pelvis considered as 
 the hemal arches of the sacral vertebras. 
 A., Plantar, the arch made by the external 
 plantar artery. A.s, Postoral, arches in the 
 fetus, five in number, that develop into the 
 lower jaw and throat. See A., Branchial. 
 Syn., Cephalic, Poststernal, Skeletal, Sub- 
 axial, Vascular, Visceral arches. A., 
 Prosencephalic, one considered as the 
 neural arch of the frontomandibular ver- 
 tebra; it is .formed by the frontal, pre- 
 sphenoid, and orbitosphenoid bones. Syn., 
 Neurofrontal arch. A. of Pubes, that 
 part of the pelvis formed by the con- 
 vergence of the rami of the ischiums 
 and pubes on each side. Syn., Subpubic 
 arch. A., Radial. See A., Palmar. A., 
 Rhinencephalic, the neural arch of the 
 nasal vertebra, formed by the vomer and 
 the prefrontal and nasal bones. Syn., Neu- 
 ronasal arch. A., Riolan's, the arch of 
 the mesentery which is attached to the trans- 
 verse mesocolon. A., Stylohyoid, the hemal 
 arch of the parietal vertebra formed by the 
 stylohyal, epihyal, ceratohyal, basihyal, glosso- 
 hyal, and urohyal bones. A., Supraorbital, 
 the curved and prominent margin of the 
 frontal bone that forms the upper boundary 
 of the orbit. A.s, Tarsal, the arches of 
 the palpebral arteries. A., Thyro cartilag- 
 inous, a communicating branch between the 
 superior thyroid arteries of the' two sides, 
 lying at about the level of the angle of the 
 
 thyroid cartilage. A., Thyrohyal, A., Thy- 
 rohyoid, the third of the postoral arches; 
 it develops into the hyoid body and the 
 greater cornua of the hyoid bone. A., 
 Tonsillar. See Isthmus of the Fauces. A., 
 Trabecular, one formed by the junction of 
 the middle trabeculas of the skull, contain- 
 ing the hypophysis and the infundibulum. 
 A. of a Vertebra, the part of a vertebra, 
 formed of two pedicles and two laminas, in- 
 closing the spinal foramen. A., Vertebral, 
 i. A neural arch. 2. A hemal arch. A., 
 Zygomatic, the arch formed by the malar 
 and temporal bones. Syn., Snbocular arch; 
 Suborbital arch; Temporal arch. 
 
 Arch-, Archi [apx^, primitive]. Prefixes de- 
 noting first, chief, or principal. 
 
 Archameba (ark - am -e' -bah) [arch-; dfxo'.lSrj, 
 change]. Haeckel's hypothetic progenitor of 
 all amebas and of all higher forms of life. 
 
 Archamphiaster, Archiamphiaster (ark-am- 
 fe-as'-ter, ar-ke-am-Je-as'-ter) [arch-; ap.(f>(, 
 around; dazrjp, star]. In biology, those am- 
 phiasters concerned in the production of the 
 polar globules. 
 
 Archangelica (ark-an-jel' -ik-ah) [apyhxyzloc, 
 archangel]. A genus of umbelliferous plants. 
 See Angelica. 
 
 Archebiosis (ar-ke-bi-o'-sis) [arch-; fi'toc, life]. 
 Spontaneous generation. 
 
 Archegenesis (ark-e-jen'-es-is). The same as 
 Archebiosis. 
 
 Archenteron (ark-en' -ter -on) [arch-; evzspov, 
 intestine]. The embryonic alimentary cav- 
 ity. 
 
 Archetype (ar'-ke-tip) [arch-; zbr.oc, a type]. 
 In comparative anatomy, an ideal type or 
 form with which the individuals or classes 
 may be compared. A standard type. 
 
 Archiblast (ar'-ke-blast) [archi-; filaozoc, germ]. 
 In embryology, the granular areola surround- 
 ing the germinal vesicle. It is composed 
 of three layers, the outer, or epiblast, from 
 which the skin and its adnexa, the nervous 
 system, and the terminal portions of the 
 alimentary canal are formed; the middle, 
 or mesoblast, from which the epithelium of 
 the genitourinary organs and the smooth and 
 striated muscle-tissue are derived; and the 
 inner, or hypoblast, for the development of 
 the' epithelium of the respiratory tract and of 
 the alimentary canal. In pathology, the im- 
 portant tissues of the body as contrasted 
 with the parablast, or connective tissues. 
 
 Archiblastic (ar-ke-blas' -tik) [see Archiblast]. 
 Derived from the archiblast. The paren- 
 chymatous tissues are regarded as archi- 
 blastic. 
 
 Archiblastoma (ar-ke-blas -to' '-mah) [archiblast; 
 op.a, a tumor]. A tumor composed of archi- 
 blastic tissue, such as myoma, neuroma, 
 papilloma, adenoma, carcinoma, etc. 
 
 Archiblastula (ar-ke-blas' -tu-lali) [see Archi- 
 blast]. In embryology 7 , a ciliated, vesicular 
 morula, resulting from complete and regular 
 yelk-division and by invagination forming 
 the archigastrula. 
 
ARCHICYTULA 
 
 92 
 
 AREA 
 
 Archicytula (ar-ke-sif -u-lah) [archi-; kutoc, a 
 cell]. A fertilized egg-cell in which the nu- 
 cleus is discernible. 
 
 Archigaster (ar-ke-gas' -ter) [archi-; yaorrjp, 
 belly]. The primitive, perfectly simple intes- 
 tine; archenteron. 
 
 Archigastrula (ar-ke-gas' '-tru-lah) [see Archi- 
 gaster]. The gastrula as it is observed in 
 the most primitive types of animal develop- 
 ment; called also bell-gas trula, from its 
 shape. 
 
 Archigenesis (ar-ke-jen' -es-is). See Archebio- 
 sis. 
 
 Archil (ar'-kil) [ME., orchell]. A coloring- 
 matter similar to litmus, chiefly obtained 
 from the lichen, Roccella tinctoria; used for 
 staining animal tissues. 
 
 Archiinonerula (ar-ke-mon-er' -u-laK) [archi-; 
 fiovrjprjf, single; solitary]. In embryology, 
 a special name given by Haeckel to the 
 monerula stage of an egg undergoing prim- 
 itive and total cleavage. 
 
 Archimorula (ar-ke-mor' -u-lah) [archi-; p.bpov, 
 a mulberry]. In embryology, the solid mass 
 of cleavage cells, or mulberry mass, arising 
 from the segmentation of an archicytula, 
 and preceding the archiblastula and archi- 
 gastrula. 
 
 Archinephron (ar-ke-nef-ron) [archi-; ve<f)p6c, 
 kidney]. The primitive or embryonic stage 
 of the kidney or renal apparatus. 
 
 Archineuron (ar-ke-nu' -ron) [archi-; vsupov, 
 a nerve], i. A primitive neuron. 2. The 
 neuron at* which the impulse starts in any 
 physiologic act involving the nervous system. 
 
 Archistome (ar'-kis-tom). See Blastopore. 
 
 Archi tis (ar-ki'-tis) [dpxoc, anus; ctc£, inflam- 
 mation]. Proctitis; inflammation of the 
 anus. 
 
 Archoplasm, Archoplasma (ar f -ko-plazm, ar- 
 ko-plaz' -mah) [ap%ojv, a ruler; 7iXaop.a, a thing 
 formed]. Boveri's term for the substance 
 ' from which the attraction-sphere, the astral 
 rays, and the spindle -fibers of mitosis are 
 derived and of which they consist. Syn., 
 Kinoplasm. 
 
 Arciform (ar'-se-form) [arcits, bow; arch; 
 forma, form]. Arcuate; especially used to 
 designate certain sets of fibers in the med- 
 ulla oblongata. 
 
 Arctation (ark-ta' -shuri) [arctatio, to drawclose 
 together]. Contraction of an opening or 
 canal. 
 
 Arctium (ark'-she-um) [L.]. Burdock. See 
 Lappa. 
 
 Arcual (ar'-ku-al) [arcualis, arched]. Arched; 
 bent or curved. 
 
 Arcuate (ar'-ku-dt) [arcuatio, a bowing]. 
 Arched; curved; bow-shaped. A. Fibers 
 of the Cerebellum, associating fibers con- 
 necting one lamina with another. A. Fibers 
 of the Cerebrum, associating fibers con- 
 necting adjacent convolutions. 
 
 Arcuation (ar-ku-a'-shun) [arcuatio, a bowing]. 
 Curvature, especially of a bone. 
 
 Arcula (ark'-u-lah) [arcula, a casket]. The 
 orbit. A. cordis, the pericardium. 
 
 Arcus (ar'-kus) [L., "a bow"]. A bow or 
 arch. A. dentalis, the dental arch. A. 
 senilis, a ring of fatty degeneration seen 
 about the periphery of the cornea in old 
 persons. A. senilis lentis, an opaque ring 
 in the equator of the crystalline lens; it 
 sometimes occurs in the aged. A. vasculosi 
 renales, arches at the bases of the mal- 
 pighian pyramids, formed by anastomoses 
 of tiny ramifications of the renal artery. 
 They give off vessels supplying the cortex 
 of the kidneys, the malpighian corpuscles, 
 and the capillary plexuses about the urinif- 
 erous tubules. Syn., Fornices vasculosi renum. 
 A. zygomaticus, the zygomatic arch. 
 Ardor (ar'-dor) [L., "heat"]. Violent heat; 
 burning. A. urinae, burning pain in the 
 inflamed urethra during micturition. 
 Area (a'-re-ah) [L., "an open space"]. A 
 limited extent of surface. A., Auditory, 
 the cerebral center for hearing. A., Broca's. 
 See under Broca. A. celsi. See Alopecia 
 areata. A.s, Cohnheim's, certain clear-cut 
 areas seen in a transverse section of 
 muscle-fibers. A., Cord, that part of 
 the cortex in which lesions would pro- 
 duce degeneration of the spinal cord. A., 
 Crural, a space at the base of the brain 
 included between the pons and chiasm. A. 
 diffluens, alopecia areata. A., Diffraction, 
 a clear area seen in the microscopic image 
 around all bodies of greater or less refrac- 
 tive power, and which by Nageli and 
 Schwendener was referred partly to the 
 direct reflection of the incident light at 
 the edge of the body in question, partly to 
 the interference of this reflected light which 
 comes through unreflected. A. germi- 
 nativa, or embryonic spot, the oval ger- 
 minating spot of the embryo. A., Marte- 
 giani's, the slight widening of the hyaloid 
 canal at its beginning in front of the optic 
 disc. A.s, Motor, the convolutions on either 
 side of the rolandic fissure, containing the 
 centers for voluntary motion. A., Non- 
 nucleated, one of the clear spaces found 
 at times between the endothelial cells of 
 blood-vessels; they have no nuclei, are 
 smaller than endothelial cells, and are con- 
 sidered to be due to the removal of parts 
 of the surrounding endothelium. A. opaca, 
 the opaque circle about the A. pellucida. 
 A. pellucida, the light central portion of 
 the A. germinativa. A., Rolandic, the ex- 
 citomotor area of the cerebral hemispheres, 
 comprising the ascending frontal and as- 
 cending parietal convolutions. A., Septal, 
 the inner surface of each of the laminas 
 which make up the septum lucidum. A., 
 Spencer's, a cortical area in the frontal lobe 
 just outside of the olfactory tract and an- 
 terior to the point where it joins the tem- 
 porosphenoid lobe, as indicated by the cross- 
 ing of the sylvian artery. Faradic stimu- 
 lation of this area influences the respiratory 
 movements, causing stoppage of the respira- 
 tion when sufficiently intense. A. vasculosa, 
 
ARECANE 
 
 93 
 
 ARICIN 
 
 the vascular area of the A. opaca. A.s, 
 Viscerocutaneous, areas of skin and viscera 
 corresponding to different spinal segments. 
 A., Visual, the occipital lobe and the angu- 
 lar gyrus. A., Vocal, the portion of the 
 glottis lying between the vocal bands. 
 
 Arecane, Arekane (ar'-ek-an). An oily and 
 volatile basic substance obtainable from 
 areca-nut; said to be a purgative and siala- 
 gog, and to slow the pulse. 
 
 Areca-nut {a-re'-kah-nut). See Betel. 
 
 Arecin {ar'-es-in) [Sp., areca], C 23 H 26 N 2 CX i. 
 An organic base isomeric with brucin, de- 
 rived from cinchona-bark. 2. A brown-red 
 coloring-matter obtained from areca-nuts. 
 Syn., Areca red. 
 
 Arecolin,(ar-e f -ko-lin) [areca], C 8 H 13 N0 2 . A 
 liquid alkaloid isolated from the seeds of 
 Areca catechu. It is a powerful poison, af- 
 fecting the heart similarly to muscarin. It 
 has anthelmintic properties. Dose tV~t& g r - 
 (0.004-0.006 Gm.). A. Hydrobromate, is 
 used as a miotic, applied in 1 % solution, and 
 in the treatment of glaucoma. In veterin- 
 ary practice it is used as a cathartic and 
 anthelmintic. Injection for horse, J-i gr. 
 (0.032-0.065 Gm.). 
 
 Areola {ar-e' -o-lali) [dim. of area, an open 
 space]. 1. The brownish space surrounding 
 the nipple of the female breast. This is 
 sometimes called areola papillaris. A second 
 areola, surrounding this, occurs during preg- 
 nancy. The pigmentation about the um- 
 bilicus is called the umbilical areola. 2. Any 
 interstice or minute space in a tissue. A., 
 Primary, cell-spaces still containing carti- 
 lage-cells in the matrix of ossifying cartilage - 
 bone. Syn., Primary marrow cavities; Medul- 
 lary spaces. 
 
 Areolar {ar-e'-o-lar) [see Areola]. Relating to 
 or characterized by areolas. A. Tissue, cel- 
 lular tissue; loose connective tissue. 
 
 Areometer {ar-e-om f -et-er) [dpicoc, rare; jikxpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
 specific gravity. 
 
 Argentamin (ar-jen'-tam-in). A colorless al- 
 kaline liquid consisting of an 8 % solution 
 of silver phosphate in a 15 % aqueous solu- 
 tion of ethylenediamid. It is applied in 
 gonorrhea and conjunctivitis in 1 : 4000 solu- 
 tion. Syr*., Ethylenediamid silver phosphate. 
 
 Argentation (ar-jen-ta'-shun) [argentum]. 1. 
 Staining with a preparation of silver. 2. 
 The act of silvering. 3. The process of in- 
 jecting mercury into the vessels of an ana- 
 tomic specimen. 4. Argyria. 
 
 Argentic (ar-jen'-tik). Containing silver. 
 
 Argentine (ar r -jen-tin) . Containing or resemb- 
 ling silver. 
 
 Argentol (ar'-jen-tot), C 9 H 5 N . OH . S0 3 Ag. 
 Silver quinaseptol, a yellow powder, spar- 
 ingly soluble in water; used as a surgical 
 antiseptic and astringent in ointment 1 : 100 
 or 2 : 100, in solution 1 : 1000 to 3 : 1000. 
 
 Argentum {ar-jen'-tum) [L.]. Silver. Ag = 
 108; quantivalence, 1; specific gravity, 10.4 
 to 10.5. A malleable and ductile metal of 
 
 brilliant white luster. It tarnishes only in the 
 presence of free sulfur, sulfur gases, and phos- 
 phorus. Argenti cyanidum (U.S. P), AgCN, 
 silver cyanid, is used in the preparation of 
 diluted hydrocyanic acid. Argenti iodi- 
 dum, Agl, sometimes used internally instead 
 of argenti nitras. Dose \— 1 gr. (0.016-0.065 
 Gm.). Argenti nitras (U. S. P.), AgNO s , 
 silver nitrate, argentic nitrate, "lunar caustic," 
 a powerful astringent and an escharotic of 
 moderate strength. It stains skin and other 
 tissues black. If too long administered, it 
 leaves a slate-colored, insoluble deposit of 
 silver under the skin {argyria). It is used 
 in gastric catarrh, in gastric ulcer, in intestinal 
 ulceration, and as an alterative in scleroses of 
 the nervous system. Dose \-\ gr. (0.01-0.032 
 Gm.). Argenti nitras fusus (U. S. P.), 
 "stick caustic," contains 4 % of silver chlorid. 
 It is used locally. Argenti nitras mitigatus 
 (U. S. P.), the mitigated caustic, or diluted 
 stick, is fused with an equal amount of potas- 
 sium nitrate. Argenti oxidum (U. S. P.), 
 Ag 2 0, explosive when treated with ammonia. 
 Used internally for the same conditions in 
 which the nitrate is used. Dose \-2 gr. 
 (0.032-0.13 Gm.). Argenti vivum, an old 
 name for mercury or quicksilver. 
 
 Argilla {ar-jil'-ah) [apycXlog, potter's clay]. 
 White or potter's clay; alumina. 
 
 Argol {ar'-gol) [dpyog, white]. The impure tar- 
 tar derived from wine. 
 
 Argon {ar'-gon) [dpyoc, idle; inactive]. An 
 inert gaseous element discovered in the at- 
 mosphere by Lord Rayleigh and Wm. Ram- 
 say (1894). Its symbol is A; atomic weight, 
 19.7. Argon maybe obtained by freeing air, 
 which has been deprived of its carbon dioxid 
 and water, from oxygen by means of red- 
 hot copper, and then absorbing the nitrogen 
 by means of metallic magnesium. The re- 
 sidual gas, the passage of the gases being 
 repeated a number of times, is argon. Chem- 
 ically, it is the most inert element known. 
 
 Argyll Robertson Pupil. Loss of the pupil 
 reflex to light; it is seen in tabes dorsalis, 
 paretic dementia, in some cases of encephalo- 
 malacia, senile brain atrophy, syphilis, hydro- 
 cephalus, etc. 
 
 Argyria (ar-ji'-re-ah) [argentum]. A form 
 of discoloration of the skin and mucous 
 membranes produced by the prolonged ad- 
 ministration of silver, the granules of silver 
 being deposited in much the same position 
 as those of the natural pigment of the 
 skin. 
 
 Argyrol (ar'-jir-ol). A soluble silver salt ob- 
 tained by combining a proteid of wheat 
 . with 30 % of silver. It is used in gonorrhea. 
 Syn., Silver vitellin. 
 
 Argyrosis {ar-ji-ro'-sis). Same as Argyria 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Arica Bark. Calisaya bark exported from 
 Arica, Chili. It contains the alkaloid, aricin. 
 
 Aricin {ar'-is-in)[ Arica], C 23 H 2? N 2 4 . An alka- 
 loid obtained from several varieties of cinchona- 
 bark. 
 
ARISTOCARDIA 
 
 94 
 
 ARNOLD'S BUNDLE 
 
 Aristocardia [ar-is-to-kar' -de-ah) [dpcozepoc, 
 left; napoca, heart]. Deviation of the heart 
 to the left side. 
 
 Aristol (ar'-is-tol) [apcoroc, best], (C 6 H 2 CH 3 - 
 OI . C 3 H 7 ) 2 . Dithymoliodid. It is also called 
 annidalin, although this is dithymoltriiodid. 
 An iodin compound used as a substitute 
 for iodoform as an antiseptic dressing. It 
 has the advantage of being odorless, and 
 is used either in the powder form or as a 
 5 to 10% ointment with vaselin or lanolin. 
 
 Aristolochia (ar-is-to-lo' -ke -ah) [apcoroc, best; 
 Xoye'ca, the lochia]. A genus of exogenous 
 herbs, many species of which have active 
 medicinal qualities. A. clematitis, of Eu- 
 rope, has been used as a tonic, stimulant, 
 and diaphoretic. A. cymbifera, of South 
 America, furnishes a part of the drug called 
 guaco, and is a good tonic and stimulant. 
 A. rotunda, a species of southern Europe, 
 with offensive odor and bitter taste, is em- 
 ployed as an emmenagog and in gout. A. 
 serpentaria, Virginia snakeroot, is at present 
 more used in medicine than any other species. 
 See Serpentaria. 
 
 Aristolochin {ar-is-to-lo' -kin) [see Aristolochia]. 
 A bitter principle found in Virginia snakeroot. 
 See Serpentaria. 
 
 Aristotle's Experiment. The eyes being 
 closed, when a small spheric object is placed 
 between two crossed fingers of one hand so 
 that it touches the radial side of one and the 
 ulnar side of the other, the sensation pro- 
 duced is that of two objects. 
 
 Arithmomania (ar-ith-mo-ma' -ne-ah) [dpcdptoc, 
 a number; p.avia, madness]. An insane 
 anxiety with regard to the number of things 
 that fall under the observation. Sometimes 
 it consists in constant or uncalled-for count- 
 ing of objects, sometimes in the mere repeat- 
 ing of consecutive numbers. 
 
 Arkyochrome (ar'-ke-o-krom) [apuuc, a net; 
 %pd)p.a, a color]. A somatochrome nerve-cell 
 in which the stainable portion of the cell- 
 body appears in the form of network. 
 
 Arkyostichochrome (ar-ke-o-stik' '-o-krom) [ap- 
 kuc, a net; otc^oc, a row or rank; %pcupia, a 
 color]. Applied by Nissl to a nerve-cell in 
 which the chromophilic particles of its cell- 
 body present a combination of both the 
 striated (stichochrome) and network (arkyo- 
 chrome) arrangements, so that it is difficult 
 to decide which dominates; e. % g., the Pur- 
 kinje cells of the cerebral cortex. 
 
 Arlt's Ointment. An ointment containing j% 
 gr. (0.5 Gm.) of belladonna to i| dr. (5 Gm.) 
 of blue ointment. A.'s Recess, A.'s Sinus, 
 a small depression, directed forward and out- 
 ward, in the lower portion of the lacrimal sac; 
 it is not constant. A.'s Trachoma, granular 
 conjunctivitis; trachoma. 
 
 Arm [armare, to arm]. 1. The upper extremity 
 from the shoulder to the wrist. 2. That portion 
 of the stand connecting the body or tube of a 
 microscope with the pillar. A. Center, the 
 cortical center for the movement of the arm; 
 it is situated in the middle third of the ascend- 
 
 ing frontal and ascending parietal convolu- 
 tions. 
 
 Armanni-Ehrlich's Degeneration. See De- 
 generation, Armanni-Ehrlich's. 
 
 Armature (ar' -mat-chur) [armatura, equip- 
 ment]. 1. A mass of soft iron at the extrem- 
 ity of a magnet. Also, the core of iron around 
 which coils of insulated wire are wound. 2. 
 Any protective investment of an organism. 
 3. A condenser. 
 
 Army Itch. A distressing, chronic form of itch 
 prevalent in the United States at the close of 
 the civil war. The itching was intense. The 
 eruption was seen especially on the arms fore- 
 arms, chest, abdomen, and lower extremities, 
 particularly on the ulnar side of the forearm 
 and inner aspect of the thigh. It resembled 
 prurigo associated with vesicles, pustules, and 
 eczema. 
 
 Arnica (ar'-nik-ah) [L.]. A genus of com- 
 posite-flowered plants. The arnica of the U. 
 S. P. is the dried flower-heads of the plant 
 commonly known as "leopardsbane," A. 
 montana. The root (arnicce radix) is official 
 in the B. P. Its properties are probably due 
 to an alkaloid, trimethylamin, C 3 H 9 N. In 
 small doses it is a cardiac stimulant; in 
 larger doses, a depressant. It is a popular 
 remedy, when locally applied, for sprains, 
 bruises, and surface wounds. Dose 15 gr. 
 (1 Gm.). A., Infusion of (20 parts flowers, 
 100 parts water), superior to the tincture for 
 local use. A. Plaster, contains extract of 
 root, 33; lead-plaster, 67 parts. A. Root, 
 Extract of. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). 
 A. Root, Fluidextract of. Dose 5-10 
 min. (0.3-0.065 Cc). A. Root, Tincture of, 
 10%. Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-2.0 Cc). A., 
 Tincture of (tinctura arnicce, U. S. P.), 20%. 
 Dose 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). 
 
 Arnicin (ar'-nis-in) [arnica], C^H^C^. A 
 brownish, bitter glucosid extracted from the 
 root of Arnica montana. 
 
 Arnold's Bundle. The fibers which form the 
 inner third of the crusta of the cerebral pe- 
 duncles. A.'s Canal, a small canal in the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, trans- 
 mitting Arnold's nerve. A.'s Fold. See 
 Bemud' s Valve. A.'s Ganglion, the otic 
 ganglion. A.'s Ground Plexus, a plexus 
 formed by the axis-cylinders of nonmedul- 
 lated nerve -fibers in smooth muscular tissue. 
 A.'s Innominate Canal, a nonconstant canal 
 in the base of the skull, internally to the 
 foramen rotundum; it transmits the super- 
 ficial and deep petrosal branches that have 
 become fused into one nerve. A.'s Liga- 
 ment, the ligament connecting the body of 
 the incus with the roof of the tympanic 
 cavity. A.'s Membrane, the pigmentary 
 layer of the iris. A.'s Nerve, the auricular 
 branch of the pneumogastric nerve. A.'s 
 Operculum, the operculum of the island of 
 Reil. A.'s Recurrent Nerve, a sensory 
 branch of the ophthalmic division of the 
 trigeminus that anastomoses with the tro- 
 chlear nerve and is distributed to the ten- 
 
AROMA 
 
 95 
 
 ARSENIC 
 
 torium cerebelli and the posterior part of 
 the falx cerebri. A.'s Stratum Reticula- 
 tum, the network formed by the fibers con- 
 necting the occipital lobe with the optic 
 thalamus before they enter the latter. 
 
 Aroma {ar-o'-mah) [apcopa, spice]. The fra- 
 grance or odor emanating from certain veg- 
 etable substances, especially those used for 
 food and drink. 
 
 Aromatic {ar-o-mat'-ik) [see Aroma]. i. 
 Having a spicy odor. 2. A substance char- 
 acterized by a fragrant, spicy taste and odor, 
 as cinnamon, ginger, the essential oils, etc. 
 3. A qualification applied to any carbon 
 compound originating from benzin, C 6 H 6 . 
 Their stability is relatively great as com- 
 pared with that of the fatty bodies. A. 
 Acids, those derived from the benzin group 
 of hydrocarbons. A. Compound, any ben- 
 zyl derivative. A. Fluidextract, aromatic 
 powder, 100; alcohol, sufficient to make 100 
 Cc. A. Group, a series of hydrocarbons 
 having the composition C 10 H 16 . A. Pow- 
 der. See Cinnamomum. A. Sulfuric Acid. 
 See Acid, Sulfuric. A. Vinegar, any mix- 
 ture of aromatic oils in vinegar. A. Wine, a 
 wine containing in each 100 parts 1 part 
 each of lavender, origanum, peppermint, 
 rosemary, sage, and wormwood. 
 
 Aromin (ar-o'-mui) [see Aroma], An alka- 
 loid obtainable from urine. When heated, it 
 emits a fragrant odor. 
 
 Arrack {ar'-ak) [Ind.]. A liquor distilled from 
 malted rice. Any alcoholic liquor is called 
 arrack in the East. 
 
 Arrector {ar-ek'-tor) [L., "an erector "]. An erec- 
 tor. A. pili, a fan-like arrangement of a 
 layer of smooth muscular fibers surrounding 
 the hair-follicle, the contraction of which 
 erects the follicle and produces cutis an- 
 serina, or "goose-skin." 
 
 Arrhenal {ar'-en-al). A monomethyl sodium 
 arsenate, recommended in treatment of tuber- 
 culosis. Dose I gr. (0.05 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Arrhinencephalia {ar-in-en-sef-aV -e-ah) [a, 
 priv.; pec, nose; i-fuk^alov, the brain]. A 
 form of partial anencephalia in which there 
 is malformation of the nose. 
 
 Arrhinia (ah-rin'-e-ah). Congenital absence 
 of the nose. 
 
 Arrhythmia {ah-rith' -me-ali) [a, priv.; pu0p.6c, 
 rhythm]. Absence of rhythm. 
 
 Arrhythmic (ah-rith' -mik) [see Arrhythmia]. 
 Without rhythm; irregular. 
 
 Arrosion {ar-o f -zhun) [arrodere, to gnaw]. The 
 gnawing or destruction of vessel-walls by 
 ulcerous processes. 
 
 Arrow-poison (ar-o-poi'-zun). See Curara. 
 
 Arrowroot (ar'-o-root) [ME., arow; roote]. A 
 variety of starch derived from Maranta arun- 
 dinacea of the West Indies, southern United 
 States, etc. It is a popular remedy for diar- 
 rhea, and is widely used as a food. Many 
 other starchy preparations are sold as arrow- 
 root. 
 
 Arsenate, Arseniate (ar'-sen-at, ar-se'-ne-at) 
 [arsenic]. Any salt of arsenic acid. A., 
 
 Acid, a monohydric or dihydric arsenate. 
 A., Basic, an arsenate combined with the 
 oxid or hydrate of a base. A., Dihydric. 
 1. An acid arsenate containing two atoms of 
 hydrogen. 2. See Pyroarsenic Acid. A., 
 Monohydric. 1. An acid arsenate contain- 
 ing one atom of hydrogen. 2. Metarsenic acid, 
 HAs0 3 , a crystalline substance obtained from 
 arsenic trioxid by heating above 2 oo° C. A., 
 Neutral. 1. A normal arsenate. 2. A pyro- 
 arsenate. 
 
 Arsenauro {ar-sen-aw r -ro). A double bromid 
 of gold and arsenic; 10 min. contain ^ 
 gr. each of gold and arsenic bromids. It 
 is an alterative and a tonic. Dose 5-15 
 min. (0.3-1.0 Cc.) in water three times 
 daily. 
 
 Arsenhemol (at ■-sen-hem 1 '-of) . A compound of 
 hemol and 1 % of arsenic trioxid, forming 
 a brown powder. It is used as a sub- 
 stitute for arsenic as an alterative and 
 hematinic. Dose 2 gr. (0.1 Gm.) 3 times 
 daily. 
 
 Arsenic, Arsenicum, Arsenum (ar'-sen-ik, 
 ar-sen'-i-kum, ar-se'-num). 1. As = 75; 
 quantivalence m, v. A brittle, crystalline 
 metal, of a steel-gray color, tarnishing on 
 exposure to the air. Sp. gr. 5.73. It sub- 
 limes at 180 C, and gives off a garlicky 
 odor. It forms two oxids: arsenous oxid, 
 As 2 3 , and arsenic oxid, As 2 O s . The sulfids 
 are used as pigments in the arts, rarely in 
 medicine. Scheele's green is copper arsenite; 
 Schweinfurth and paris-green likewise con- 
 tain arsenic. Arsenic is also an ingredient 
 of certain poisons used against rodents and 
 insects. In medicine arsenic is used as an 
 alterative in anemia, chronic malaria, asthma, 
 pulmonary tuberculosis, as a gastric sedative, 
 and in chorea. 2. Arsenic trioxid. 3. Per- 
 taining to arsenic. A. Bromid, AsBr 3 , is 
 used in diabetes. Dose yg- gr. (0.001 Gm.). 
 A. Bromid, Solution of {liquor arsenii 
 bromidi), Clemens' solution, a 1 % solution of 
 arsenic bromid. Dose 1-4 min. (0.06-0.24 
 Cc). A., Butter of. See A. Chlorid. A. 
 Caseinate, a soluble arsenic compound for 
 internal administration. A. Chlorid, AsCl 3 , 
 a colorless, oily liquid decomposed by water. 
 Dose g\p- Y5 gr. (0.001-0.004 Gm.). Syn., 
 Butter 0} arsenic; Chlorid of caustic arsenic. 
 A. Disulfid, As 2 S 2 , occurs native as realgar. 
 Syn., Sandaraca; Red s id fid of arsenic; Red 
 arsenic. An artificial disulfid of arsenic is 
 prepared in the arsenic works- and contains 
 about 15% of arsenic and 27% of sulfur. 
 Syn., Red arsenic glass; Ruby sulfur; Red 
 orpiment. A., Flowers of, a fine white pow- 
 der, formed by the sublimation of arsenic 
 trioxid. A. Glass, a term applied to the 
 vitreous mass obtained either by heating 
 arsenic pyrites with sulfurous ores, or by 
 the resublimation of the "flowers of arsenic" 
 obtained by subliming arsenic pyrites. Syn., 
 White arsenic glass. A. Iodid (arseni iodi- 
 dum, U. S. P.), arsenous iodid, Asl 3 . Dose 
 2V" j g r - (0.003-0.008 Gm.). A. Iodid, 
 
ARSENICALISM 
 
 96 
 
 ARTERIODIALYSIS 
 
 Solution of Mercuric and of {liquor ar- 
 seni et hydrargyri iodidi, U. S. P.), Dono- 
 van's solution; contains arsenous iodid, 10 
 Gm.; red mercuric iodid, 10 Gm.; distilled 
 water, q. s. to make iooo Gm. A., Test 
 for. See Bettendorf, Marsh. A. Trioxid 
 {arseni trioxidum, U. S. P.), As 2 3 ; arsen- 
 ous acid; "ratsbane." Dose jo~to g r - 
 (0.002-0.006 Gm.). Syn., White arsenic. 
 
 A. Trioxid, Solution of {liquor acidi ar- 
 senosi, U. S. P.; liquor arsenici hydrochloricus, 
 
 B. P.), a 1 % solution of the trioxid in hydro- 
 chloric acid and distilled water. Dose 2-5 
 min. (0.12-0.3 Cc). A. Trisulfid, As 2 S 3 , 
 translucent, lemon-colored, rhombic prisms, 
 occurring in nature; sp. gr. 3.46; a cor- 
 rosive and depilating agent recommended 
 for removal of warts. Syn., Orpiment; 
 Auri pigmentum; Yellow sulfid of arsenic; 
 Arsenicum (Pliny); Arsenii sulphidum ci- 
 trinum; King's yellow. A., White. See A. 
 Trioxid. 
 
 Arsenicalism, Arsenism {ar-sen' -ik-al-izm, 
 ar r -sen-izm) [arsenic]. Chronic arsenic 
 poisoning. 
 
 Arseniophosphate {ar-seh-e-o-fos'-fat). A com- 
 pound of a base with both arsenic and phos- 
 phoric acids. 
 
 Arsenite {ar' -sen-It) [arsenic]. Any salt of ar- 
 senic trioxid. 
 
 Arsenmethyl {ar-sen-meth'-il), As(CH 3 ). A 
 bivalent or quadrivalent radicle. 
 
 Arsenous {ar-se'-nus) [arsenic]. Containing 
 arsenic. A. Acid. See Arsenic Trioxid. 
 
 Arsins {ar'-sinz) [arsenic]. Peculiar volatile 
 arsenic bases found by Selmi to be pro- 
 duced by the contact of arsenic trioxid and 
 albuminous substances. 
 
 Arsinyl {ar'-sin-U). The proprietary name for 
 disodium-methylarsenate, a nontoxic sub- 
 stance allied to cacodyl and free from its gar- 
 licky odor. It is said to be a powerful tonic. 
 Dose J gr. (0.03 Gm.) twice daily. 
 
 Arsonium {ar-so' '-ne-um) [arsenic; ammo- 
 nium], AsH 4 . A univalent radicle in 
 which arsenic replaces the nitrogen of am- 
 monium. 
 
 Arsonvalization {ar - son - vol - iz - a' - shun) 
 [d'Arsonval, a French physiologist and physi- 
 cist]. The therapeutic application of Tesla 
 currents. 
 
 Arsycodile {ar-sik-od'-il-e). A chemically pure 
 cacodylate of sodium (sodium dimethyl 
 arsenic), a nontoxic salt indicated in emaciat- 
 ing diathesis. Dose \ gr. (0.03 Gm.) 4 
 times daily. 
 
 Artefact {ar' -te-fakt) [arte, by art; factum, 
 made]. In microscopy and histology, a struc- 
 ture that has 'been produced by mechanic, 
 chemic, or other artificial means; a structure 
 or tissue that has been changed from its 
 natural state. 
 
 Artemisia {ar-tem-iz 1 '-e-ah) ["ApTefKc, the 
 goddess Diana]. A genus of plants of the 
 order Composite. A. abrotanum, southern- 
 wood, is stimulant; tonic, and vermifuge, and 
 is popularly used as a vulnerary. It is simi- 
 
 lar in properties to wormwood. Dose of 
 fluidextract 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). 
 Unof. A. absinthium. See Absinthium. A. 
 abyssinica, an African species yielding the 
 drug zerechtit, applied to relieve cramps in 
 the final stages of malaria. A. arborescens, 
 of southern Europe, is stomachic and 
 tonic, and is used as is A. absinthium. A. 
 chinensis, of Asia, is employed by the 
 Chinese as a tonic and emmenagog, and 
 the down covering the leaf-surface in the 
 preparation of moxa. A. frigida, wild 
 sage, mountain sage, sierra salvia. An 
 herb of western United States, introduced as 
 a substitute for quinin in the treatment of 
 periodic fevers. Also of service in diph- 
 theria, rheumatism, and scarlatina. Dose of 
 the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). Unof. A. 
 maritima, affords pure wormseed. A. mexi- 
 cana, an American species, is said to 
 be a stimulant, emmenagog, and anthel- 
 mintic. A. pontica, Roman wormwood; 
 it grows in Europe and Asia, has a pleasant 
 odor and taste, and is used as a tonic and 
 stimulant; it is burned in Egypt during the 
 plague to ward off contagion. A. santonica, 
 a species of Persia and Tartary, a vari- 
 ety of wormseed sometimes imported from 
 Russia. A. spicata, an Alpine species with 
 strong aromatic properties. A. tridentata, 
 sage-brush, a shrub of the elevated portion 
 of western North America, containing a 
 pungent volatile oil. It is diaphoretic and 
 stimulant. The Indians use an infusion of 
 the plant as remedial for colds and head- 
 ache and as a vermifuge. A. trifida, is 
 found in the valleys of Utah and Wyoming, 
 and has properties similar to A. tridentata. 
 A. vulgaris, mug wort, a popular remedy in 
 various diseases. 
 
 Arteria {ar-te'-re-ali) [dprep'ca, trachea; artery]. 
 A hollow tube. See Artery. 
 
 Arterial [see Arteria]. Pertaining to an 
 artery. 
 
 Arterialization {ar-te-re-al-iz-a' -shun) [see 
 Arteria]. The process of making or becom- 
 ing arterial; the change from venous blood 
 into arterial. 
 
 Arteriasis {ar-te-ri-a'-sis) [see Arteria]. De- 
 generation of an artery; it may be either 
 calcareous or fatty. 
 
 Arterin {ar'-ter-in) [see Arteria]. Hoppe- 
 Seyler's term for the arterial blood-pigment 
 contained in the red corpuscles. 
 
 Arteriocapillary {ar - te - re-o - kap f -il -a - re) 
 [arteria; capillus, a hair]. Pertaining to 
 arteries and capillaries. A. Fibrosis, a 
 chronic inflammatory process characterized 
 by an overgrowth of connective tissue in the 
 walls of the blood-vessels. It is known 
 also as arteriocapillary fibrosis of Gull and 
 Sutton. 
 
 Arteriochalasis {ar-te-re-o-kal-a' -sis) [arteria; 
 XaXaocc, a slackening]. Arterial atony. 
 
 Arteriodialysis {ar-te-re-o-di-aV -is-is) [arteria; 
 dtaXoocc, dissolution]. Attenuation of the 
 arterial walls with or without rupture. 
 
ARTERIODIPLOPIESMUS 
 
 97 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 Arteriodiplopiesmus (ar-te-re-o-dip-lo-pi-ez'- 
 mus) [arteria; ocnXobc, twofold; Tzceap.bg, 
 pressure]. D'Etiolles' procedure for obtain- 
 ing rapid coagulation of the blood in that 
 part of an artery lying between two points 
 upon which simultaneous pressure is made. 
 
 Arteriofibrosis (ar-te-re-o-fi-bro'-sis). See Arte- 
 riocapillary Fibrosis. 
 
 Arteriogram (ar-te' -re-o-gram) . See Sphyg- 
 mogram. 
 
 Arteriography (ar-le-re-og'-ra-fe) [arteria; 
 TpacpJ], a writing]. i. A description of the 
 arteries. 2. The graphic representation of 
 the pulse-waves. 
 
 Arteriole (ar-te' -re-ol) [arteriola]. A very 
 small artery. A., Straight, the small blood- 
 vessels that supply the medullary pyramids 
 of the kidneys. 
 
 Arteriolith (ar-te' -re-o-lith) [arteria; Xcdoc, 
 a stone]. A calculus in an artery from calci- 
 fication of a thrombus. 
 
 Arteriology (ar -te -re - ol'-o - je) [arteria; 
 Xojoc, science]. The science of the arteries; 
 the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of 
 the arteries. 
 
 Arteriomalacia {ar -le-re-o - mal -a'-se - ah) 
 [arteria; paXaKca, softness]. Softening of the 
 wall of an artery. 
 
 Arteriometer (ar -te-re- om'- et - er) [arteria; 
 ptrpov, measure]. An instrument for measu- 
 ring the changes in the caliber of a pulsating 
 artery. 
 
 Arterioperissia, Arterioperittia (ar-te-re-o- 
 per-is'-e-ah, -it'-e-ah) [arteria; -epioabc, exces- 
 sive]. Abnormal or excessive arterial de- 
 velopment. Syn., Perittarteria; Perrissoar- 
 teria. 
 
 Arterioplegmus (ar-te-re-o-pleg' -mus) [arteria; 
 Tihypa, anything twined or plaited]. Perpli- 
 cation. Syn., Arterioplocc. 
 
 Arteriosclerosis (ar - te -re -o - skle - ro'-sis) 
 [arteria; okXtjpoc, hard]. A chronic inflam- 
 mation of the arterial walls, especially of the 
 intima. 
 
 Arteriosclerotic (ar - te -re - - skle - rot' - ik) 
 [see Arteriosclerosis]. Pertaining to arterio- 
 sclerosis. A. Kidney, a kidney the seat of 
 chronic interstitial inflammation affecting 
 primarily the blood-vessels. 
 
 Arteriosity (ar-te-re-os'-it-e) [arteria]. The 
 quality of being arterial. 
 
 Arteriosteogenesis (ar-tc-re-os-te-o-jen 1 '-e-sis) 
 [arteria; oariov, a bone; yhea'cc, production]. 
 Calcification of an artery. 
 
 Arteriotomy (ar -te - re - of- o - me) [arteria; 
 xkpvccv, to cut]. The cutting or opening of 
 an artery for the purpose of bloodletting. 
 The temporal artery is generally selected. 
 
 Arteriovenous (ar-te-re-o-ve'-nus) [arteria; 
 vena, vein]. Both arterial and venous; in- 
 volving an artery and a vein, as an arterio- 
 venous aneurysm. 
 
 Arterioversion (ar-te-re-o-ver' -shun) [arteria; 
 verier e, to turn]. Weber's method of arrest- 
 ing hemorrhage by turning vessels inside 
 out by means of an instrument called the 
 arterioverter. 
 
 Arterioverter (ar-te-re-o-ver' -ter). An instru- 
 ment for performing arterioversion. • 
 
 Arteritis (ar-te-ri'-tis) [arteria; c~c<;, inflam- 
 mation]. 1. Inflammation of an artery. 2. 
 Inflammation of the external coat of an 
 artery. A. deformans. See Endarteritis, 
 Chronic. A. obliterans. See Endarteritis 
 obliterans. A. syphilitica, endarteritis de- 
 formans caused by syphilis. A. umbilicalis, 
 septic inflammation of the umbilical arteries 
 in the newborn. 
 
 Artery (ar'-ter-e) [see Arteria]. One of the 
 tube -like vessels through which the blood is 
 propelled by the heart to all parts of the body. 
 Arteries end in arterioles and capillaries. 
 They are composed of 3 coats : the outer, or 
 tunica adventitia; the middle, or tunica media, 
 the muscular coat; the internal, or intima, 
 composed of endothelial cells, fibrous and elas- 
 tic tissue. A., Abdominal. See A., Circum- 
 flex Iliac, Deep. A., Abdominal, External 
 or Subcutaneous. See A., Epigastric, Super- 
 ficial; A., Pudic, External Superior. A., 
 Abdominal, Posterior. See A., Epigastric, 
 Deep. A., Acetabular, a branch of the 
 internal circumflex artery distributed to the 
 hip-joint. A., Acromiothoracic (Thoracic 
 Axis), origin, second branch of first part of 
 axillary; distribution, shoulder, arm, upper 
 anterior part of chest, and mammary gland; 
 branches, acromial, humeral, pectoral, clavi- 
 cular. A., Alar Thoracic, origin, second part 
 of axillary; distribution, lymphatic glands in 
 axilla. A.s, Anastomotic, those which con- 
 nect other arteries more or less remote from 
 each other. A., Anastomotic (of External 
 Plantar), origin, external plantar; distribu- 
 tion, outer border of foot; it anastomoses with 
 the tarsal and metatarsal branches of the 
 dorsalis pedis. A., Anastomotic (of In- 
 ternal Plantar), origin, internal plantar; 
 distribution, inner side of foot; it anastomoses 
 with internal tarsal branch of the dorsalis 
 pedis. A., Anastomotica magna (of 
 Brachial), origin, brachial; distribution, 
 elbow; branches, posterior and anterior. 
 A., Anastomotica magna (of Superficial 
 Femoral), origin, superficial femoral (in 
 Hunter's canal) ; distribution, knee; branches, 
 superficial and deep. A., Angular, origin, 
 the termination of the facial; distribution, 
 lacrimal sac and lower part of orbicularis 
 palpebrarum; it anastomoses with infraor- 
 bital. Aorta, Abdominal, origin, thoracic 
 aorta; distribution, two common iliacs; 
 branches, phrenic (right and left), celiac 
 axis, suprarenal or capsular (right and left), 
 superior mesenteric, lumbar (4 pairs), renal 
 (right and left), spermatic (right and left), 
 inferior mesenteric, right and left common 
 iliac, middle sacral. Aorta, Arch, origin, 
 left ventricle of heart; distribution, thoracic 
 aorta; branches, two coronary, innominate, 
 left common carotid, left subclavian. Aorta, 
 Primitive, that portion from the origin to 
 the point at which the first branch is given 
 off. Aorta, Thoracic, origin, arch of aorta; 
 
ARTERY 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 distribution, abdominal aorta; branches, 2 
 or 3 pericardiac, 3 bronchial, 4 or 5 esopha- 
 geal, 20 intercostal, subcostal (or twelfth 
 
 A., Articular, Superior External (of 
 Knee), origin, popliteal; distribution, crureus 
 and knee. A., Articular, Superior Inter- 
 
 TEMPORAL A 
 POSTAURICULAR A 
 
 OCCIPITAL A 
 
 EXTERNAL CAROTID 
 
 INTERNAL CARQTID 
 
 SUP. THYROID 
 
 VERTEBRAL A. 
 
 ANASTOMOSIS AT 
 SHOULDER 
 
 CEPHAL CAVA 
 BRACHIAL A 
 
 INTEROSSEOUS A 
 RADIAL A 
 
 DEEP 
 PALMAR ARCH 
 
 SUPERFICIAL 
 PALMAR ARCH 
 
 PALMAR 
 ANASTOMOSIS 
 
 .INT.JUAC A., 
 COMMON FEMORAL 
 
 DEEP FEMORAL A. 
 SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL 
 
 PLANTAR ANASTOMOSIS 
 
 TRANSVERSE FACIAL 
 FACIAL A. 
 COMMON CAROTID A. 
 NF, THYROID A. 
 
 THYROID AXIS 
 SUBCLAVIAN A: 
 ARCH OF AORTA 
 AXILLARY A. 
 
 RCUMFLEX ARTERIES 
 
 SUPERIOR 
 
 PROFUNDA A. 
 
 BRACHIAL A. 
 
 INFERIOR 
 
 PROFUNDA A. 
 ANASTOMOTICA 
 MAGNA A. 
 
 RADIAL 
 
 RECURRENT A.. 
 ULNAR 
 RECURRENT 
 ARTERIES 
 
 DORSAL ARTERIAL ANASTOMOSIS 
 
 Scheme of Arteries. — (Hewson.) 
 
 dorsal), diaphragmatic, aberrans. A., Ar- nal, origin, popliteal; distribution, knee. 
 ticular, Middle (of Knee), origin, popliteal; A., Auditory, External, a division of the 
 distribution, crucial ligaments and joint. first part of the internal maxillary artery; 
 
ARTERY 
 
 99 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 it enters the tympanum by the glaserian 
 fissure and is distributed to the tympanum. 
 A., Auricular, Posterior, origin, fifth 
 branch of external carotid; distribution, 
 back of auricle, scalp, and part of neck; 
 branches, parotid, muscular, stylomastoid, 
 anterior terminal or auricular, and posterior 
 terminal or mastoid. A., Axillary, origin, 
 subclavian; distribution, brachial and seven 
 branches; branches, superior thoracic, acro- 
 miothoracic, long thoracic, alar thoracic, 
 subscapular, anterior and posterior circum- 
 flex. A., Azygos (of the Tongue), a small 
 artery formed by the junction of branches 
 of the dorsal arteries of the tongue; it extends 
 along the median line of the dorsum of the 
 tongue. A., Basilar, origin, by confluence 
 of right and left vertebral; distribution, 
 brain; branches, transverse (or pontile), 
 internal auditory, anterior cerebellar, superior 
 cerebellar, two posterior cerebral. A., Brach- 
 ial, origin, axillary; distribution, arm and 
 forearm; branches, superior and inferior 
 profunda, anastomotica magna, nutrient, 
 muscular, radial, and ulnar. A., Cardiac, 
 origin, gastric; distribution, cardiac end of 
 stomach. A., Carotid, Common, origin, 
 right side, innominate; left side, arch of 
 aorta; distribution, external and internal caro- 
 tid; branches, external and internal carotid. 
 A., Carotid, External, origin, common 
 carotid; distribution, anterior part of neck, 
 face, side of head, integuments, and dura 
 mater; branches, ascending pharyngeal, 
 superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, 
 posterior auricular, temporal, internal max- 
 illary. A., Carotid, Internal, origin, com- 
 mon carotid; distribution, greater part 
 of brain, the orbit, internal ear, forehead, 
 and nose; branches, tympanic, vidian, 
 arteria receptaculi, pituitary, gasserian, men- 
 ingeal, ophthalmic, posterior communi- 
 cating, anterior choroid, anterior cerebral, 
 middle cerebral. A., Carotid, Primitive. 
 See A., Carotid, Common. A., Celiac, origin, 
 abdominal aorta; distribution, stomach, 
 duodenum, spleen, pancreas, liver, and 
 gall-bladder; branches, gastric, hepatic, 
 splenic. A., Central (of Retina), origin, 
 ophthalmic; distribution, retina. A.s, Cen- 
 tral System of, Heubner's and Duret's 
 term for the primary or secondary branches 
 of the circle of Willis; they are distributed 
 to the central ganglions of the brain. A., 
 Cerebellar, Anterior, origin, basilar; dis- 
 tribution, anterior inferior surface of cere- 
 bellum. A., Cerebellar, Inferior, origin, 
 vertebral; distribution, vermiform process 
 and cortex of cerebellum; branches, inferior 
 vermiform and the hemispheral. A., Cere- 
 bellar, Superior, origin, basilar; distribu- 
 tion, superior vermiform process and cir- 
 cumference of cerebellum ; branches, superior 
 vermiform and hemispheral. A., Cerebral, 
 Anterior, origin, internal carotid; distribu- 
 tion, anterior portion of cerebrum; branches, 
 anterior communicating, ganglionic (or cen- 
 
 tral), commissural, hemispheral (or cortical). 
 A., Cerebral, Middle, origin, internal 
 carotid; distribution, middle portion of 
 cerebrum; branches, ganglionic (or central), 
 hemispheral (or cortical). A., Cerebral, 
 Posterior, origin, basilar; distribution, tem- 
 porosphenoid and occipital lobes; branches, 
 ganglionic (or central) and hemispheral 
 (or cortical). A., Cervical, origin, uterine; 
 distribution, cervix uteri. A., Cervical, 
 Ascending, origin, inferior thyroid; distri- 
 bution, deep muscles of neck and spinal 
 canal; branches, muscular, spinal, and 
 phrenic. A., Cervical, Deep, origin, supe- 
 rior intercostal; distribution, deep muscles 
 of neck and spinal canal; branches, muscular, 
 anastomotic, vertebral (or spinal). A., Cer- 
 vical, Superficial, origin, transverse cervical; 
 distribution, trapezius, levator anguli scapu- 
 las, splenius muscles, and posterior chain of 
 lymphatic glands. A., Cervical, Trans- 
 verse (Transversalis colli), origin, thyroid 
 axis; distribution, posterior cervical and 
 scapular regions; branches, posterior scapular 
 and superficial cervical. A., Circumflex, 
 Anterior (of Axillary), origin, axillary; 
 distribution, pectoralis major, biceps, and 
 shoulder-joint; branches, bicipital and pec- 
 toral. A., Circumflex Iliac, Deep, origin, 
 external iliac; distribution, upper part of 
 thigh and lower part of abdomen; branches, 
 muscular and cutaneous. A., Circumflex, 
 Posterior (of Axillary), origin, axillary; dis- 
 tribution, deltoid, teres minor, triceps, and 
 shoulder-joint; branches, nutrient, articular, 
 acromial, muscular. A., Colic, Left, origin, 
 inferior mesenteric; distribution, descending 
 colon. A., Colic, Middle, origin, superior mes- 
 enteric; distribution, transverse colon. A., 
 Colic, Right, origin, superior mesenteric; 
 distribution, ascending colon. A., Colic, 
 Transverse, origin, colic, middle; distri- 
 bution, transverse colon. A., Comes nervi 
 phrenici. See A., Phrenic, Superior. A., 
 Communicating, i. One establishing com- 
 munication between two arteries. 2. An 
 artery having as origin the dorsalis pedis; 
 it enters into the formation of the plan- 
 tar arch and has two digital branches. A., 
 Communicating (or Perforating), origin, 
 deep palmar arch; distribution, joins proximal 
 ends of metacarpal and second and third dor- 
 sal interosseous arteries. A., Communica- 
 ting, Anterior, origin, anterior cerebral; it 
 assists in formation of anterior boundary of 
 Willis; sends branches to caudate nucleus. 
 Syn., Communicans willisii. A., Com- 
 municating, Posterior, origin, posterior 
 cerebral; it enters into formation of circle 
 of Willis; sends branches to uncinate con- 
 volution and optic thalamus; branches, 
 uncinate, middle thalamic. A. Compres- 
 sor, A. Constrictor, an instrument for 
 occluding an artery for the purpose of 
 arresting or preventing hemorrhage. A., 
 Coronary, Inferior, origin, facial; dis- 
 tribution, lower lip. A., Coronary, Left, 
 
ARTERY 
 
 100 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 origin, left anterior sinus of Valsalva; dis- 
 tribution, heart; branches, left auricular, 
 anterior interventricular, left marginal, ter- 
 minal. A., Coronary, Right, origin, right 
 anterior sinus of Valsalva; distribution, 
 heart; branches, right auricular, preventricu- 
 lar, right marginal, posterior interventricular, 
 transverse. A., Coronary, Superior, origin, 
 facial; distribution, upper lip. A.s, Cortical 
 System of, Heubner and Duret's term for 
 the arteries distributed to the cerebral cortex 
 and the parts immediately beneath it. A., 
 Diaphragmatic, origin, thoracic aorta; dis- 
 tribution, diaphragm. A., Digital, origin, 
 external plantar; distribution, outer side 
 of the second and third, fourth, and fifth 
 toes. A., Digital, Palmar, origin, super- 
 ficial palmar arch; distribution, both sides 
 of little, ring, and middle finger and ulnar 
 side of index-finger. A., Dorsal (of Penis), 
 origin, pudic; distribution, penis. A., 
 Dorsalis hallucis, a continuation of dor- 
 salis pedis; distribution, great and second 
 toe. A., Dorsalis pedis, origin, continua- 
 tion of anterior tibial; distribution, assists 
 to form plantar arch; branches, tarsal, meta- 
 tarsal, dorsalis hallucis, communicating. A., 
 End, A., Terminal, an artery that does 
 not anastomose with other arteries by means 
 of large branches; there is usually a capillary 
 anastomosis. A., Epigastric, Deep (or 
 Inferior), origin, external iliac; distribu- 
 tion, abdominal wall; branches, cremasteric, 
 pubic, muscular, cutaneous, terminal. A., 
 Epigastric, Superficial, origin, common 
 femoral; distribution, inguinal glands, skin, 
 superficial fascia, and abdominal wall. 
 A., Epigastric, Superior, origin, internal 
 mammary; distribution," abdominal wall 
 and diaphragm, liver, and peritoneum; 
 branches, phrenic, xiphoid, cutaneous, mus- 
 cular, hepatic, and peritoneal. A., Epiploic, 
 origin, right and left gastroepiploic; dis- 
 tribution, omentum. A., Esophageal. i. 
 Origin, gastric; distribution, esophagus. 2. 
 Origin, inferior thyroid; distribution, esopha- 
 gus. 3. Origin, left phrenic; distribution, 
 esophagus. 4. (4 or 5.) Origin, thoracic 
 aorta; distribution, esophagus. A., Esopha- 
 geal, Inferior, origin, coronary (of stomach); 
 distribution, esophagus. A., Facial, ori- 
 gin, third branch of external carotid; dis- 
 tribution, pharynx and face; branches, 
 ascending, or inferior palatine, tonsillar, 
 glandular, muscular, submental, masseteric, 
 buccal, inferior labial, inferior and superior 
 coronary, lateralis nasi, angular. A., Fem- 
 oral, Common, origin, continuation of 
 external iliac; distribution, lower part of 
 abdominal wall, upper part of thigh and 
 genitalia; branches, superficial epigastric, 
 superficial circumflex iliac, superficial ex- 
 ternal pudic, deep external pudic, profunda. 
 A., Femoral, Deep. See A., Femoral, Pro- 
 funda. A., Femoral, Profunda, origin, com- 
 mon femoral; distribution, muscles of thigh; 
 branches, external circumflex, internal cir- 
 
 cumflex, and three perforating. A., Femoral, 
 Superficial, origin, continuation of common 
 femoral; distribution, muscles of thigh and 
 knee-joint; branches, muscular, saphenous, 
 anastomotica magna. A. Forceps, a forceps 
 for Catching or twisting an artery; a hemostat. 
 A., Frontal, a branch of the ophthalmic 
 artery; it ascends the inner part of the 
 orbital arch and supplies the periosteum, 
 muscles, and integument of the middle fore- 
 head. A., Gastric (or Coronary), origin, 
 celiac axis; distribution, stomach, liver, and 
 esophagus; branches, esophageal, cardiac, 
 gastric, and hepatic. A., Gastroduodenal, 
 a branch of the hepatic artery given off near 
 the pyloric orifice of the stomach; branches, 
 right gastroepiploic and superior pancreatico- 
 duodenal. A., Gluteal, a branch of the inter- 
 nal iliac which runs backward between the lum- 
 bosacral cord and the first sacral nerve, turns 
 around the upper margin of the great sacro- 
 sciatic foramen, and divides opposite the 
 interval between the gluteus medius and 
 pyriformis muscles, into the deep and superfi- 
 cial gluteal arteries. A., Gluteal, Deep, origin, 
 gluteal; distribution, deep muscles of poste- 
 rior gluteal region. A., Gluteal, Inferior, 
 origin, sciatic; distribution, gluteus maximus. 
 A., Gluteal, Superficial, origin, gluteal; dis- 
 tribution, gluteus maximus and integument 
 over sacrum. A., Gluteal, Superior, origin, 
 deep gluteal; distribution, muscles adjacent. 
 A.s,Helicine, the arteries found in cavernous 
 tissue, as in the testicle, uterus, ovary, etc. 
 A., Hemorrhoidal, Inferior (or External), 
 origin, pudic; distribution, sphincter mus- 
 cle, levator ani. A., Hemorrhoidal, Mid- 
 dle, origin, internal iliac, anterior division; 
 distribution, middle part of rectum. A., 
 Hemorrhoidal, Superior, origin, inferior 
 mesenteric; distribution, upper part of 
 rectum. A., Hepatic, origin, celiac axis; 
 distribution, liver, pancreas, part of duode- 
 num, and stomach; branches, pancreatic, 
 subpyloric, gastroduodenal, right and left 
 terminal. A., Iliac, Common, origin, ter- 
 minal branch of abdominal aorta; distribu- 
 tion, peritoneum, subperitoneal fat, ureter, and 
 terminates in external and internal iliac; 
 branches, peritoneal, subperitoneal, ureteric, 
 external and internal iliac. A., Iliac, Ex- 
 ternal, origin, common iliac; distribution, 
 lower limb; branches, deep epigastric, deep 
 circumflex iliac, muscular, and continues as 
 femoral. A., Iliac, Internal, origin, common 
 iliac; distribution, pelvic and generative 
 organs and inner side of thigh; branches, 
 anterior and posterior trunk. A., Iliac, 
 Internal (Anterior Trunk), origin, internal 
 iliac; distribution, pelvic and generative 
 organs and thigh; branches, hypogastric, 
 superior, middle, and inferior vesical, mid- 
 dle hemorrhoidal, uterine, vaginal, obturator, 
 sciatic, internal pudic. A., Iliac, Internal 
 (Posterior Trunk), origin, internal iliac; dis- 
 tribution, muscles of hip and sacrum; branches, 
 iliolumbar, lateral sacral and gluteal. A., 
 
ARTERY 
 
 101 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 Innominate, origin, arch of aorta; distri- 
 bution, right side of head and right arm; 
 branches, right common carotid, right sub- 
 clavian, occasionally thyroidea ima. A., 
 Intercostal, Anterior, origin, internal mam- 
 mary; distribution, intercostal muscles, ribs 
 (upper five or six), and pectoralis major. 
 A., Intercostal, Anterior, origin, musculo- 
 phrenic; distribution, lower five or six inter- 
 costal spaces. A., Intercostal, Superior, 
 origin, subclavian; distribution, neck and 
 upper part of thorax; branches, deep cervical, 
 first intercostal, arteria aberrans. A., In- 
 terosseous, Anterior, origin, interosseous 
 (common); distribution, muscles of forearm. 
 A., Interosseous, Common, origin, ulnar; 
 distribution, interosseous membrane and deep 
 muscles of the forearm; branches, anterior 
 and posterior interosseous. A., Interosseous, 
 Posterior, origin, ulnar; distribution, mus- 
 cles of forearm. A., Labial, Superior. See 
 A., Coronary, Superior. A., Laryngeal, Su- 
 perior, origin, superior thyroid; distribution, 
 intrinsic muscles and mucous membrane 
 of larynx. A., Lenticulostriate, origin, 
 middle cerebral; distribution, lenticular and 
 caudate nuclei. A., Lingual, origin, exter- 
 nal carotid; distribution, tongue; branches, 
 hyoid, dorsalis linguae, sublingual, ranine. 
 A., Mammary, External. See A., Thoracic, 
 Long. A., Mammary, Internal, origin, 
 subclavian; distribution, structures of thorax; 
 branches, superior phrenic, mediastinal (or 
 thymic), pericardiac, sternal, anterior inter- 
 costal, perforating, lateral intercostal, supe- 
 rior epigastric, internal mammary. A., 
 Maxillary, External. See A., Facial. A., 
 Maxillary, Internal (Maxillary Group), 
 origin, external carotid; distribution, struc- 
 tures indicated by names of branches; 
 branches, deep auricular, tympanic, middle 
 meningeal, mandibular, small meningeal. 
 A., Maxillary, Internal (Pterygoid Group), 
 origin, external carotid; distribution, struc- 
 tures indicated by names of branches; 
 branches, masseteric, posterior deep tem- 
 poral, internal and external pterygoid, buccal, 
 anterior deep temporal. A., Maxillary, 
 Internal (Sphenomaxillary Group) , origin, 
 external carotid; distribution, structures 
 indicated by names of branches; branches, 
 posterior dental (or alveolar), infraorbital, 
 posterior (or descending) palatine, vidian, 
 pterygopalatine, nasal, or sphenopalatine. 
 A., Median (Arteria comes nervi me- 
 diani), origin, anterior interosseous; dis- 
 tribution, median nerve and superficial 
 palmar arch. A., Mediastinal, Anterior 
 (or Thymic), origin, internal mammary; 
 distribution, connective tissue, fat, and lym- 
 phatics in superior and anterior medias- 
 tinums, thymus gland. A. s, Medullary, i. 
 Those supplying the medullary substance 
 of the brain. 2. The nutrient arteries. 
 A., Meningeal. 1. Origin, ascending pharyn- 
 geal; distribution, membranes of brain. 2. 
 Origin, posterior ethmoid; distribution, dura 
 
 mater. A., Meningeal, Anterior, origin, 
 internal carotid; distribution, dura mater. 
 A., Meningeal, Middle or Great, origin, 
 internal maxillary; distribution, cranium and 
 dura mater; branches, anterior and poster- 
 ior. A., Meningeal, Posterior. 1. Origin, 
 occipital; distribution, dura mater. 2. 
 Origin, vertebral; distribution, dura mater. 
 A., Meningeal, Small, origin, internal 
 maxillary; distribution, gasserian ganglion, 
 walls of cavernous sinus, and dura mater. 
 A., Mesenteric, Inferior, origin, abdominal 
 aorta; distribution, lower half of large 
 intestine; branches, left colic, sigmoid, 
 superior hemorrhoidal. A., Mesenteric, 
 Superior, origin, abdominal aorta; distri- 
 bution, whole of small intestine and upper 
 half of large; branches, inferior pancreatico- 
 duodenal, colica media, colica dextra, ileo- 
 colic, vasa intestini tenuis. A., Musculo- 
 phrenic, origin, internal mammary; dis- 
 tribution, diaphragm, fifth and sixth lower 
 intercostal spaces, oblique muscles of abdo- 
 men; branches, phrenic, anterior inter- 
 costals, muscular. A., Nasal, origin, oph- 
 thalmic; distribution, lacrimal sac and in- 
 teguments of nose; branches, lacrimal and 
 transverse nasal. A., Nasopalatine. See 
 A., Sphenopalatine. A., Obturator, origin, 
 anterior division, internal iliac; distribution, 
 pelvis and thigh; branches, iliac (or nutrient), 
 vesical, pubic, external and internal pelvic. 
 A., Obturator, External, origin, obturator; 
 distribution, muscles about obturator fora- 
 men. A., Occipital. 1. Origin, fourth 
 branch of external carotid; distribution, 
 muscles of neck and scalp; branches, 
 sternomastoid, posterior meningeal, auricular, 
 mastoid, princeps cervicis, communicating, 
 muscular, terminal. 2. A branch of the 
 posterior cerebral artery distributed to the 
 occipital gyri and surrounding parts. A., 
 Omphalomesenteric, origin, primitive aorta; 
 distribution, subsequently becomes the um- 
 bilical. A., Ophthalmic, origin, internal 
 carotid; distribution, the eye, adjacent 
 structures, portion of face; branches, lacri- 
 mal, supraorbital, central artery of retina, 
 muscular, ciliary, posterior and anterior 
 ethmoid, palpebral, frontal, nasal. A., 
 Ovarian, origin, abdominal aorta; distri- 
 bution, ovary, ureter, fallopian tube, uterus; 
 branches, ureteral, fallopian, uterine, liga- 
 mentous. A., Palatine, origin, ascending 
 pharyngeal; distribution, soft palate and 
 its muscles. A., Palatine, Ascending (or 
 Inferior), origin, first branch of facial; 
 distribution, upper part of pharynx, palate, 
 and tonsils; branches, palatine, tonsillar. 
 A., Palatine, Descending, origin, internal 
 maxillary; distribution, to soft and hard 
 palate; branches, anterior and posterior. 
 A., Palmar Arch, Deep, origin, radial and 
 communicating of ulna; distribution, palm 
 and fingers; branches, princeps pollicis, 
 radialis indicis, palmar interosseous (3), 
 recurrent carpal, posterior perforating. A., 
 
ARTERY 
 
 102 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 Palmar Arch, Superficial, origin, ulnar 
 and superficialis volae; distribution, palm 
 and fingers; branches, digital (4), muscular, 
 cutaneous. A., Pancreatic. 1. Origin, 
 hepatic; distribution, pancreas. 2. Origin, 
 splenic; distribution, pancreas. A., Pan- 
 creaticoduodenal, Inferior, origin, su- 
 perior mesenteric; distribution, pancreas 
 and duodenum. A., Pancreaticoduo- 
 denal, Superior, origin, gastroduodenal; 
 distribution, duodenum and pancreas. A., 
 Perforating (or Posterior Communicating) 
 (3), origin, deep palmar arch; distribution, 
 interosseous spaces. A.s, Pericardiaco- 
 phrenic, the pericardiac divisions of the 
 internal mammary artery connecting with 
 sternal ramifications of the same artery and 
 with branches of the superior phrenic, bron- 
 chial, and intercostal arteries to form the 
 subpleural mediastinal plexus. A., Pharyn- 
 geal. 1. Origin, pterygopalatine; distribu- 
 tion, roof of pharynx. 2. Origin, spheno- 
 palatine; distribution, roof and contiguous por- 
 tions of pharynx. A., Pharyngeal, Ascend- 
 ing, origin, first branch external carotid; 
 distribution, pharynx, soft palate, tympanum, 
 posterior part of neck, and membranes of 
 brain; branches, prevertebral, pharyngeal, 
 palatine, tympanic, meningeal. A., Phrenic, 
 origin, ascending cervical; distribution, phrenic 
 nerve. A., Phrenic, Superior (Comes 
 nervi phrenici), origin, internal mam- 
 mary; distribution, pleura, pericardium, 
 and diaphragm. A., Plantar Arch, origin, 
 external plantar artery; distribution, anterior 
 part of foot and toes; branches, articular 
 and plantar digital. A., Plantar, Deep, 
 origin, metatarsal; distribution, assists in 
 formation of plantar arch. A., Plantar, 
 External, origin, posterior tibial; distribu- 
 tion, sole and toes; branches, muscular, 
 calcaneal, cutaneous, anastomotic, posterior 
 perforating, plantar arch. A., Plantar, 
 Internal, origin, posterior tibial; distribu- 
 tion, inner side of foot; branches, muscular, 
 cutaneous, articular, anastomotic, superficial 
 digital. A., Popliteal, origin, continuation 
 of femoral; distribution, knee and leg; 
 branches, cutaneous, muscular (superior 
 and inferior) or sural, articular, superior 
 and inferior external, superior and inferior 
 internal and azygos, terminal (anterior and 
 posterior tibial). A., Profunda (Deep 
 Femoral), origin, femoral; distribution, 
 thigh; branches, external and internal cir- 
 cumflex, three perforating. A., Profunda, 
 Inferior, origin, brachial; distribution, tri- 
 ceps, elbow-joint. A., Profunda, Superior, 
 origin, brachial; distribution, humerus, mus- 
 cles and skin of arm; branches, ascending, 
 cutaneous, articular, nutrient, muscular. 
 A., Pterygopalatine (Pterygopharyn- 
 geal), origin, internal maxillary; distribu- 
 tion, pharynx, eustachian tubes, and sphe- 
 noid cells; branches, pharyngeal, eustachian, 
 sphenoid. A., Pudic, External, Deep 
 (Inferior), origin, femoral, common; dis- 
 
 tribution, skin of scrotum (or labium in 
 female). A., Pudic, External, Superficial 
 (Superior), origin, common femoral; dis- 
 tribution, integument above pubes and ex- 
 ternal genitalia. A., Pudic, Internal, ori- 
 gin, internal iliac, anterior division; dis- 
 tribution, generative organs; branches, ex- 
 ternal (or inferior) hemorrhoidal, superficial 
 perineal, muscular, arteries of bulb, crus, 
 and dorsal of penis. A., Pulmonary, origin, 
 right ventricle; distribution, lungs; branches, 
 right and left. A., Pyloric, Inferior, ori- 
 gin, gastroduodenal or right gastroepiploic; 
 distribution, pyloric end of stomach. A., 
 Pyloric, Superior, origin, hepatic; distri- 
 bution, pyloric end of stomach. A., Radial, 
 origin, brachial; distribution, forearm, wrist, 
 hand; branches, radial recurrent, muscular, 
 anterior and posterior carpal, superficial 
 volar, metacarpal, dorsalis pollicis, dorsalis 
 indicis, deep palmar arch. A., Ranine, 
 origin, lingual; distribution, tongue and mu- 
 cous membrane of mouth. A., Renal, ori- 
 gin, abdominal aorta; distribution, kidney; 
 branches, inferior suprarenal, capsular, ure- 
 teral. A.s, Retinal, the central artery of 
 the retina and the upper and lower arteries 
 on the nasal side and on the temporal side 
 of the optic nerve. A., Sacra media. See A., 
 Sacral, Middle. A., Sacral, Middle, origin, 
 continuation of aorta; distribution, sacrum 
 and coccyx. A., Scapular, Dorsal, origin, 
 subscapular; distribution, muscles of infra- 
 spinous fossa; branches, infrascapular. A., 
 Scapular, Posterior, origin, continuation 
 of transverse cervical; distribution, muscles 
 of scapular region; branches, supraspinous 
 and infraspinous, subscapular, muscular. 
 A., Sciatic, origin, internal iliac, anterior 
 division; distribution, pelvic muscles and 
 viscera, and branches; branches, coccygeal, 
 inferior gluteal, muscular, anastomotic, ar- 
 ticular cutaneous, comes nervi ischiadici, 
 vesical, rectal, prostatic, etc. A., Spermatic, 
 origin, abdominal aorta; distribution, scro- 
 tum and testis; branches, ureteral, cremas- 
 teric, epididymal, testicular. A., Spheno- 
 palatine (Nasopalatine), origin, internal 
 maxillary; distribution, pharynx, nose, 
 and sphenoid cells; branches, pharyngeal, 
 sphenoid, nasal, ascending septal. A., 
 Spinal. 1. Origin, ascending cervical; 
 distribution,* spinal canal. 2. Origin, inter- 
 costals; distribution, spinal canal and spine. 
 3. Origin, lateral sacral; distribution, 
 spinal membranes and muscles and skin 
 over sacrum. A., Spinal, Anterior, origin, 
 vertebral; distribution, spinal cord. A., 
 Spinal, Lateral, origin, vertebral; distribu- 
 tion, vertebras and spinal canal. A., Spinal, 
 Posterior, origin, vertebral; distribution, 
 spine. A., Splenic. 1. Origin, celiac axis; 
 distribution, spleen, pancreas, part of stom- 
 ach, omentum; branches, small and large 
 pancreatic, left gastroepiploic, vasa brevia, 
 terminal. 2. Origin, left phrenic; distri- 
 bution, spleen. A., Subclavian, origin, 
 
ARTERY 
 
 103 
 
 ARTHRITIS 
 
 right, innominate; left, arch of aorta; dis- 
 tribution; neck, thorax, arms, brain, meninges, 
 etc.; branches, vertebral, thyroid axis, in- 
 ternal mammary, superior intercostal. A., 
 Subscapular, origin, axillary; distribution, 
 subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, 
 serratus magnus, axillary glands; branches, 
 dorsal and infrascapular. A., Suprascapu- 
 lar (Transversalis humeri), origin, thy- 
 roid axis; distribution, muscles of shoulder; 
 branches, inferior sternomastoid, subclavian, 
 nutrient, suprasternal, acromial, articular, 
 subscapular, supraspinous, and infraspinous. 
 A., Sylvian, the middle cerebral artery. 
 A., Temporal, origin, external carotid; 
 distribution, forehead, parotid gland, masse- 
 ter muscle, ear; branches, parotid, articular, 
 masseteric, anterior auricular, transverse 
 facial, middle, anterior, and posterior tem- 
 poral. A., Temporal, Deep, Anterior, 
 origin, internal maxillary; distribution, an- 
 terior part of temporal fossa. A., Termatic, 
 origin, anterior communicating; distribution, 
 lamina cinerea and corpus callosum. A., 
 Thoracic, Acromial, origin, axillary; dis- 
 tribution, muscles of shoulder, arm, and 
 chest; branches, acromial, humeral, pecto- 
 ral, clavicular. A., Thoracic, Alar, origin, 
 axillary; distribution, axillary glands. A., 
 Thoracic, External. See A., Thoracic, Long. 
 A., Thoracic, Internal. See A., Mammary, 
 Internal. A., Thoracic, Long (External 
 Mammary), origin, axillary; distribution, 
 pectoral muscles, serratus magnus, mammary 
 and axillary glands. A., Thymic, origin, 
 internal mammary; distribution, connective 
 tissue, fat, and lymphatics of mediastinum 
 and thymus. A. of the Thyroid Axis, ori- 
 gin, subclavian; distribution, shoulder, neck, 
 thorax, spine, cord; branches, inferior thyroid, 
 suprascapular, and transverse cervical. A., 
 Thyroid, Inferior, origin, thyroid axis; 
 distribution, larynx, esophagus, and muscles 
 of neck; branches, muscular, ascending 
 cervical, esophageal, tracheal, and inferior 
 laryngeal. A., Thyroid, Superior, origin, 
 external carotid; distribution, omohyoid, 
 sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyroid gland; 
 branches, hyoid, sternomastoid, superior lar- 
 yngeal, cricothyroid. A., Thyroidea ima, ori- 
 gin, innominate (usually); distribution, thy- 
 roid body. A., Tibial, Anterior, origin, 
 popliteal; distribution, leg; branches, pos- 
 terior and anterior tibial recurrent, muscular, 
 internal and external malleolar. A., Tibial, 
 Posterior, origin, popliteal; distribution, 
 leg, heel, and foot; branches, peroneal, 
 muscular, medullary, cutaneous, communi- 
 cating, malleolar, calcanean, internal and 
 external plantar. A., Tonsillar, i. Origin, 
 ascending palatine; distribution, tonsil and 
 eustachian tube. 2. Origin, facial; distribu- 
 tion, tonsil and root of tongue. A., Trans- 
 versalis colli. See A., Cervical, Transverse. 
 A., Ulnar, origin, brachial; distribution, 
 forearm, wrist, and hand; branches, anterior 
 and posterior ulnar, recurrent, common in- 
 
 terosseous, muscular, nutrient, anterior and 
 posterior ulnar, carpal, palmar arch. A., 
 Uterine. 1. Origin, internal iliac, anterior 
 branch; distribution, uterus; branches, cer- 
 vical, vaginal, azygos. 2. Origin, ovarian; 
 distribution, uterus. A., Vasa brevia, 
 origin, splenic; distribution, stomach. A., 
 Vertebral, origin, subclavian; distribution, 
 neck and cerebrum; branches, lateral spinal, 
 muscular, anastomotic, posterior meningeal, 
 posterior and anterior spinal, posterior cere- 
 bellar. A., Vesical, Inferior, origin, inter- 
 nal iliac, anterior division; distribution, 
 bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles, and 
 vagina (in female). A., Vesical, Middle, 
 origin, superior vesical; distribution, bladder. 
 A., Vesical, Superior, origin, internal iliac, 
 anterior division; distribution, bladder; 
 branches, deferentia, ureteric, middle vesical 
 (occasionally). A., Vidian, origin, internal 
 maxillary; distribution, roof of pharynx, 
 eustachian tube, and tympanum; branches, 
 pharyngeal, eustachian, tympanic. A., Vitel- 
 line. See A., Omphalomesenteric. 
 
 Arthragra (ar-thra'-grah) [arthron; ay pa, 
 seizure]. Gout. 
 
 Arthralgia (ar-thral f -je-ah) [arthron; alyoc, 
 pain]. Neuralgic pain in a joint. Syn., 
 Arthroneuralgia; Articular neuralgia. A. 
 saturnina, pain in the joints and rigidity 
 and cramps in the approximate muscles; 
 it is symptomatic of lead-poisoning. 
 
 Arthralgic {ar-thraV '-jik) [see Arthralgia]. 
 Relating to arthralgia. 
 
 Artnrectasia, Arthrectasis (ar-threk-ta' '-ze-ah, 
 ar-threk' -ta-sis) [arthron; 'tuTaocc, dilation]. 
 Dilation of a joint-cavity. 
 
 Arthrectomy {ar-threk' -to-me) [arthron; iKzofirj, 
 a cutting-out]. Excision of a joint. 
 
 Arthrentasis {ar-thr en' -ta-sis) [arthron; 'ivraatf, 
 distortion]. Distortion of the limbs due to 
 gout. 
 
 Arthric (ar'-thrik). See' Arthritic (2). 
 
 Arthrifluent {ar-thrif'-lu-ent) [arthron; fluere, 
 to flow]. Applied to abscesses proceeding 
 from a diseased joint. 
 
 Arthritic (ar-thrit'-ik) [arthritis]. 1. Relat- 
 ing to arthritis or to gout. 2. Relating to a 
 joint. 
 
 Arthritis {ar-thrV -tis) [arthron; cue, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of a joint. A., 
 Acute, acute joint-inflammation, particu- 
 larly that due to gout. Syn., Arthritis vera. 
 A., Acute Serous, acute synovitis. A. 
 arthrodynia, gout. A. asthmatica, a form 
 observed in elderly persons subject to asthma, 
 and mitigated by an attack of the latter. 
 A., Atrophic. Synonym of Charcots joint 
 disease. A., Blennorrhagic, gonorrheal 
 rheumatism. A., Chronic, a form in which 
 the joints are not so much affected as are 
 other parts of the body. A. deformans, 
 chronic inflammation of a joint with de- 
 formity; rheumatoid arthritis. A., Dia- 
 phragmatic, angina pectoris. A., Erratic, 
 retrocedent or metastatic gout. A. fungosa, 
 tuberculous disease of the joints; white 
 
ARTHRITISM 
 
 104 
 
 ARTHROSTENOSIS 
 
 swelling. A., Gonorrheal, gonorrheal syno- 
 vitis. A., Gouty, that due to gout. A. 
 hiemalis, winter gout, a form occurring less 
 frequently in summer than in other seasons. 
 A., Internal. See A., Visceral. A., In- 
 tervertebral. See Spondylarthritis. A. 
 ischias, gout in the hip. A. larvata, A., 
 Latent, a masked form not manifested by 
 the usual symptoms. A. maxillaris, rheu- 
 matoid arthritis of the temporomaxillary 
 joint. A. nodosa. See Osteoarthritis. A. 
 pauperum. Synonym of A ., Rheumatoid. 
 A. podagra, gout in the feet. A., Prolif- 
 erating. See A. deformans. A., Retro- 
 grade, suppressed gout. A., Rheuma- 
 toid, a chronic joint affection characterized 
 by inflammatory overgrowth of the articular 
 cartilages and synovial membranes, with 
 destruction of those parts of the cartilages 
 subject to intraarticular pressure; there is 
 progressive deformity. The nature of the 
 disease is unknown; by some it is considered 
 a trophic disorder consequent upon spinal 
 changes. It occurs in the young, in whom 
 it is often acute, and in the old, in whom it 
 is of a more mild form. The mildest type 
 is known as Heberden's nodosities, in which 
 small nodules appear at the sides of the 
 distal phalange's of the fingers; in severer 
 forms nearly every articulation may become 
 ankylosed. Syn., Chronic rheumatoid arthri- 
 tis; Osteoarthritis; Rheumatic gout; Nodular 
 rheumatism; Arthritis deformans. A. sicca, 
 rheumatoid arthritis. A., Strumous. See 
 A. fungosa. A., Subdiarthrodial, a form of 
 fungous arthritis in which fleshy granulations 
 occur between the bone and the cartilage of 
 the joint. A. syphilitica, gonorrheal rheu- 
 matism; also the nocturnal pains of syphilis. 
 A. typica, acute arthritis. A., Urethral, 
 gonorrheal rheumatism. A. urica, gout 
 attributed to excessive formation of uric acid. 
 Syn., Arthritis urdtica; Panarthritis urica; 
 Uarthritis. A. vertebralis, a breakdown of 
 the intervertebral discs. A., Visceral, gout 
 affecting an internal organ, with alternating 
 attacks in the joints. 
 
 Arthritism (ar' -thrit-izm) [arthron]. Gout or 
 the gouty diathesis. 
 
 Arthro- {ar-thro-) [arthron]. A prefix denoting 
 relating to the joints. 
 
 Arthrobacterium {ar-thro-bak-te' '-re-um) [ar- 
 thro-; bacterium]. A bacterium forming 
 arthrospores. See under Bacteria. 
 
 Arthrocarcinoma {ar-thro-kar-sin-o' '-mah) [ar- 
 thro-; carcinoma]. Carcinoma affecting a 
 joint. 
 
 Arthro cenchriasis {ar-thro-sen-kri' -as-is) [ar- 
 thro-; kejxp'iu-c, like a grain of millet]. A 
 miliary eruption occurring about a joint. 
 
 Arthroclasia {ar - thro - kla r - se - ah) [arthro-; 
 KXaecv, to break]. The breaking-down of 
 ankyloses in order to produce free movement 
 of a joint. 
 
 Arthrodesis {ar-throd'-es-is) [arthro-; okacc, a 
 binding]. Fixation of paralyzed joints. 
 
 Arthrodia {ar-thro' '-de-ah) [dpdpojoca, a kind 
 
 of articulation]. A form of joint admitting 
 of a gliding movement. 
 
 Arthrodynia {ar -thro -din' -e-aK). See Arthral- 
 gia. 
 
 Arthrography {ar-throg f -ra-fe) [arthro-; ypafytcv, 
 to write]. The description of the joints. 
 
 Arthrogryposis {ar-thro-grip-o' -sis) [arthro-; 
 ypuTibc, curved], i. Persistent contracture of 
 a joint. 2. Tetany or tetanilla. 
 
 Arthrolith {ar'-thro-lith) [arthro-; Mdoc, a 
 stone]. One of the free bodies which occur 
 in joints, arising from the segmentation of 
 warty outgrowths of joint cartilage or of 
 synovial membrane. Syn., Arthrophyte; Ar- 
 thremphyte; Joint-bodies; Joint-mice; Mures 
 articulares; Corpora mobilia articulorum; Cor- 
 pora libera articulorum; Tophus arthriticus; 
 Arthrotophus. 
 
 Arthrolithiasis {ar-thro-lith-i' -as-is) [see Ar- 
 throlith]. Gout. 
 
 Arthromeningitis {ar-thro-men-in-ji' -tis) [ar- 
 thro-; firjvcr^, membrane; tree, inflammation]. 
 Synovitis. 
 
 Arthron {ar'-thron) [apdpov, a joint]. A joint 
 or an articulation. 
 
 Arthroneuralgia {ar - thro -nu - ral'-je - ah) [ar- 
 thro-; veupov, nerve; dXyoc, pain]. Neuralgic 
 pain in a joint. 
 
 Arthropathy {ar-throp' -a-the) [arthro-; nadog, 
 disease], i. Any joint disease. 2. A pecu- 
 liar trophic disease of the joints, some- 
 times occurring in locomotor ataxia and 
 syringomyelia; rarely in general paralysis 
 of the insane and in disseminated sclerosis. 
 Syn., Charcot's joint. A., Vertebral, arthro- 
 pathy with depressions and rugosities of the 
 vertebras. 
 
 Arthrophlysis {ar-thro f'-lis-is) [arthro-; (p\uoi£, 
 an eruption]. Gout accompanied with a 
 cutaneous eruption. A. cardiaca. See 
 Miliaria arthritica. A. vulgaris. See Ec- 
 zema arthriticum. 
 
 Arthrophyma {ar-thro- fi' -mah) [arthro-; <f>u[xa, 
 a swelling]. Swelling of a joint. 
 
 Arthroplasty {ar'-thro-plas-te) [arthro-; nXaoaetv, 
 to form]. The making of an artificial joint. 
 
 Arthropodous {ar-throp' -o-dus) [arthro-; node, 
 a foot]. _ In biology, having jointed legs. 
 
 Arthropyosis {ar- thro - pi - o' - sis ) [ arthro-; 
 TtuciJocc, suppuration]. Pus-formation in a 
 joint. 
 
 Arthrorrhagia ( ar - thro - ra'-je -ah) [ arthro-; 
 prjyvuvat, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage into 
 a joint. 
 
 Arthrosia {ar-thro' -ze-ah) [arthron]. Painful 
 inflammatory or other affection of a joint. 
 
 Arthrosis {ar-thro' -sis) [dpdpbecv, to fasten by 
 a joint]. Articulation or jointing. 
 
 Arthrospore {ar'-thro-spor) [arthro-; onopoc, a 
 seed]. A permanent form assumed by some 
 bacteria, chiefly the cocci. It is analogous 
 to a spore. 
 
 Arthrosteitis {ar-thro-ste-i' -tis) [arthro-; oarkov. 
 bone; ertc, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the bone about a joint. 
 
 Arthrostenosis {ar - thro - sten - o' - sis) [arthro-; 
 orivojoic, a narrowing]. Contraction of a joint. 
 
ARTHROSTEOPHYMA 
 
 105 
 
 ARTIFICIAL 
 
 Arthrosteophyma (or - thro - ste-o -fi' - mah) 
 [arthro-; dazkon, bone ; 4>up.a, tumor]. A 
 tumor of the bone in a joint. 
 
 Arthrotomy {ar-throf -o-me) [arthro-; zkp.vzcv, 
 to cut]. Incision of a joint. 
 
 Arthrotropia {ar-thro-tro' -pe-ah) [arthro-; 
 rpo~r h a turning]. Torsion of a limb. 
 
 Arthro typhoid iar-thro-ti'-joid). Typhoid fever 
 with articular involvement. 
 
 Arthroxerosis {ar -thro -zer-o' -sis) [arthro-; 
 sipcootr, a dry state]. Chronic osteoarthri- 
 tis. 
 
 Artiad {ar'-te-ad) [apzcoc, even]. In chemistry, 
 a term designating atoms having an even 
 quantivalence, as oxygen, which is bival- 
 ent. 
 
 Articular (ar-tik f -u-lar) [articiilaris, of the 
 joints]. Pertaining to an articulation or 
 joint. 
 
 Articulate (ar-tik 1 '-n-lat) [articalare, to divide 
 in joints]. Divided into joints; distinct. A. 
 Speech, the communication of ideas by 
 spoken words. 
 
 Articulation (ar-tik-u-la'-shuri) [articulus, a 
 joint], i. A joint; a connection between 
 two or more bones, whether or not allowing 
 movement between them. The articulations 
 are divided into: (i) Synarthroses, immov- 
 able, subdivided into schindyleses, or grooved 
 joints; gomphoses, in sockets, as the teeth; 
 and suturas, as in the bones of the skull; (2) 
 diarthroses, or movable joints, subdivided 
 into the arthrodia, or gliding joints; the ging- 
 lymus, or hinge-like; the enarthroses, or ball- 
 and-socket joints; (3) amphiarthroses, or 
 those of a mixed type. 2. The enunciation 
 of spoken speech. 3. The articulating con- 
 tact of the cusps in the positions of mastica- 
 tion. A., False, one formed between the 
 end of a dislocated bone and the contiguous 
 parts or between the parts of a broken bone. 
 Syn., Pseudar thro sis. A., Supplementary, 
 a false articulation in which the ends of 
 the fragments become rounded and covered 
 with a fibrous capsule. 
 
 Articulo mortis, In [ar-tik' -u-lo mor'-tis) [L.]. 
 At the moment of death. In the act of 
 dying. 
 
 Articulus iar-tik' -u-lus) [dim. of artus, a joint; 
 pi. and gen., articuli]. 1. A joint; a knuckle. 
 2. A segment; apart; alimb. 3. A moment 
 of time. 
 
 Artifact {ar'-te-fakt). See Artefact. 
 
 Artificial {ar-te-fish' -al) [artificialis]. Made or 
 imitated by art. A. Anus, an opening in 
 the abdomen or loin to give exit to the feces. 
 A. Eye, a film of glass, celluloid, rubber, etc., 
 made in imitation of the front part of the globe 
 of the eye, and worn in the socket or over 
 a blind eye for cosmetic reasons. A. Feeding, 
 the feeding of an infant by other means than 
 mother's milk. Various mixtures and foods 
 are to be had, such as Meigs', Rotch's, Biedert's 
 Mixtures, etc. See Table on p. 106. A. 
 Leech. See Leech, Artificial. A. Palate. 
 See Palate, Artificial. A. Pupil, the result 
 of removal of a piece of the iris {iridectomy, 
 
 iridodialysis, etc.) to allow the light to pass 
 through the opening. A. Respiration, the 
 aeration of the blood by artificial means — 
 a method of inducing the normal function 
 of respiration, as in asphyxia neonato- 
 rum, drowning, etc. Bain's Method: A 
 modification of Sylvester's method, the 
 structures surrounding the axilla being 
 seized so that traction is made directly 
 upon the pectoral muscles. Byrd's (H. 
 L.) Method: The physician's hands are 
 placed under the middle portion of the 
 child's back, with their ulnar borders in 
 contact and at right angles to the spine. 
 With the thumbs extended, the two extremi- 
 ties of the trunk are carried forward by 
 gentle but firm pressure, so that they form 
 an angle of 45 degrees with each other in 
 the diaphragmatic region. Then the angle 
 is reversed by carrying backward the shoul- 
 ders and the nates. Calliano's Method: A 
 modification of Sylvester's: the arms are 
 drawn up so as to expand the thorax, and 
 then fixed above and behind the head by 
 fastening the wrists together; pressing with 
 the hands upon the thorax some 18 to 20 
 times a minute to induce respiration. Dew's 
 Method: The infant is grasped in the left 
 hand, allowing the neck to rest between the 
 thumb and forefinger, the head falling far 
 over backward. The upper portion of the 
 back and the scapulas rest in the palm of the 
 hand, the other three fingers being inserted in 
 the babe's left axilla, raising the arm upward 
 and outward. The right hand grasps the 
 knees, -and the lower portion of the body is 
 depressed to favor inspiration. The move- 
 ment is reversed to favor expiration, the 
 head, shoulders, and chest being brought 
 forward and the thighs pressed upon the 
 abdomen. Forest's Method: The child is 
 placed on its face, and quick, firm pressure 
 is made on the back; then it is placed in a pail 
 of hot water, and the hands carried upward 
 until the child is suspended by its arms, and 
 mouth-to-mouth insufflation is practised; the 
 arms are then lowered and the body doubled 
 forward; these movements are repeated at 
 the rate of 40 a minute. Hall's Method: 
 By turning the body alternately upon the side 
 or face to compress the chest, and then upon 
 the back to allow the lungs to expand. How- 
 ard's Method: By pressure upon the lower 
 ribs every few seconds. Laborde's Method: 
 By rhythmic tractions of the tongue. Pacini's 
 Method (for resuscitating asphyxiated in- 
 fants) : The child lying on its back, the 
 operator stands at its head and grasps the 
 axillary structures, pulling the shoulders for- 
 ward and upward to compress the thorax, and 
 allowing them to fall in order to expand the 
 chest. Rosenthal's Method: Compression of 
 the knees, hips, and spine in rapid succession 
 in order to induce expiration; inspiration 
 is favored by stretching the body. Satter- 
 thwaite's Method: Pressure upon the abdo- 
 men alternating with relaxation to allow 
 
ARTISTOMIA 
 
 106 
 
 ASAFETIDA 
 
 descent of the diaphragm. Schroeder 1 s 
 Method: The babe while in a bath is sup- 
 ported by the operator on the back, its head, 
 arms, and pelvis being allowed to fall back- 
 ward; a forceful expiration is then effected 
 by bending up the body over the belly, thereby 
 compressing the thorax. Schultze's Method: 
 The child is seized from behind with both 
 hands, by the shoulders, in such a way that 
 the right index-finger of the operator is in 
 the right axilla of the child from behind 
 forward, and the left index -finger in the left 
 axilla, the thumbs hanging loosely over the 
 clavicles. The other three fingers hang diagon- 
 ally downward along the back of the thorax. 
 The operator stands with his feet apart and 
 holds the child as above, practically hanging 
 on the index-fingers in the first position, 
 with the feet downward, the whole weight 
 resting on the index-fingers in the axillas, 
 the head being supported by the ulnar borders 
 of the hands. At once the operator swings 
 the child gently forward and upward. When 
 the operator's hands are somewhat above 
 the horizontal, the child is moved gently, so 
 that the lower end of the body falls forward 
 toward its head. The body is not flung over, 
 but moved gently until the lower end rests 
 on the chest. In this position the chest 
 and upper end of the abdomen are com- 
 pressed tightly. The child's thorax rests on 
 the tips of the thumbs of the operator. As a 
 result of this forcible expiration the fluids 
 usually pour out of the nose and mouth of the 
 infant. The child is allowed to rest in this 
 position one or two seconds. The operator 
 gradually lowers his arms, the child's body 
 bends back, and he again holds the infant 
 hanging on his index-fingers with its feet 
 downward. These movements are repeated 
 15 to 20 times in the minute. Sylvester's 
 Method consists chiefly of movements of the 
 arms. This method is valueless in asphyxia 
 neonatorum, owing to nondevelopment of 
 the pectoral muscles. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS. 
 Table of Quantity Required. 
 
 
 
 (0 
 
 X 
 
 ■* 
 
 
 
 W p 
 
 fc 2 
 
 M 
 
 w 
 
 
 < 
 
 > 
 
 b«o 
 
 ^. 
 
 h W z 
 z b 3 
 
 h H Oi 
 
 a 
 
 a z 
 
 2*8 
 
 2 Q u 
 
 O Z P 
 
 
 z 
 
 
 Jofc 
 
 < 
 
 gs 
 
 
 
 D z 
 
 to 
 
 < 
 
 1st week .... 
 
 2 hours. 
 
 10 
 
 I oz. 
 
 10 oz. 
 
 2d to 4th week . 
 
 2 " 
 
 9 
 
 1% '.' 
 
 135* " 
 
 2d to 3d month . 
 
 3 " 
 
 6 
 
 3 " 
 
 18 " 
 
 3d to 4th month . 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 4 " 
 
 24 " 
 
 4th to 5th month 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 4-4^ 
 
 24-27 " 
 
 6th month . . . 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 " 
 
 30 
 
 8th month . . . 
 
 3 " 
 
 6 
 
 6 " 
 
 36 " 
 
 10th month . . . 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 8 " 
 
 40 " 
 
 Artistomia (ar-te-sto 1 '-me-ah) [apt', exactly; 
 ozopLa, a mouth]. 1. Distinctness in utterance. 
 
 2. The condition of an aperture, especially in 
 surgical incisions, in which the size is per- 
 fectly adapted to the purpose. 
 
 Artiyls (ar'-te-ils) [apnoc, complete]. Lowig's 
 name for hydrocarbons of the general formula 
 CnH 2n . 
 
 Artocarpus (ar-to-kar' -pus) [aproc, bread; 
 naprzog, a fruit]. A genus of trees of the 
 order Urticacece, including the breadfruit- 
 tree, A. incisa. A. blumei is an East Indian 
 species with an edible fruit, the oil of which 
 is used in diarrhea; an ointment from the 
 buds and leaves is applied to buboes. A. 
 integrifolia, native in India, is prized for its 
 wood; the root is used in diarrhea and as 
 an external application in leprosy; the root- 
 bark is used as a vermifuge. 
 
 Aryepiglottic (ar-e-ep-e-glot f -ik). Same as 
 A rytenoepiglottic. 
 
 Arytenoepiglottic (ar-it-en-o-ep-e-glot r -ik) [dpu- 
 xatva, a pitcher; eldoc, likeness; int, upon; 
 yXajTzic, glottis]. Relating to an arytenoid 
 cartilage and to the epiglottis; as the aryteno- 
 epiglottic fold (or folds), consisting of a fold 
 of mucous membrane that extends from each 
 arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis. 
 
 Arytenoid {ar-it'-en-oid) [apuzacva, a pitcher; 
 eldoc, likeness]. 1. Resembling the mouth 
 ^of a pitcher. 2. Pertaining to the arytenoid 
 cartilages. A. Cartilages, two cartilages of 
 the larynx regulating, by means of the at- 
 tached muscles, the tension of the vocal 
 bands. A. Glands, muciparous glands, 
 found in large numbers along the posterior 
 margin of the arytenoepiglottic fold in front 
 of the arytenoid cartilages. A. Muscle, 
 a muscle arising from the posterior surface 
 of one arytenoid cartilage and inserted into 
 the corresponding parts of the other. It is 
 composed of three planes of fibers, two ob- 
 lique and one transverse. It draws the aryte- 
 noid cartilages together. 
 
 Arytenoidectomy (ar-e-ten-oid-ek' -to-me) [ary- 
 tenoid; inTop.7), a cutting-out]. Removal 
 of an arytenoid cartilage. 
 
 Arytenoiditis (ar-e-ten-oid-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
 tion of the arytenoid cartilage or muscles. 
 
 Arythmia iar-ith' -me-ah). See Arrhythmia. 
 
 Arythmic iar-ith' -mik). See Arrhythmic. 
 
 Asab [Ar.]. An African venereal disease said 
 to differ from syphilis. 
 
 Asafetida, Asafcetida {as-a-fef -id-ah) [asa, 
 gum; foetida, stinking]. A gum-resin ob- 
 tained from the root of Ferula foetida. It 
 is slightly soluble in alcohol and forms an 
 emulsion with water. Its properties are due 
 to a light volatile oil. It is antispasmodic, 
 stimulating, expectorant, and is used in 
 hysteria and in bronchial affections. Dose 
 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). A., Emulsion of 
 {emulsum asafcetidce, U. S. P.), a 4% emulsion 
 of asafetida. Dose §-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). 
 Syn., Milk of asafetida. A., Pills of (pilules 
 asafcetidce, U. S. P.), composed of asafetida, 
 soap, and water. Dose 1-3. A., Tincture 
 of (tinctura asafcetidce, U. S. P.), strength, 
 20%. Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). 
 
ASAPHIA 
 
 107 
 
 ASCLEPIAS 
 
 Dewees' carminative (mist lira magnesia et 
 asafcetidce) is an unofficial preparation com- 
 posed of magnesium carbonate, 5 ; tincture of 
 asafetida, 7; tincture of opium, 1; sugar, 10; 
 distilled water, sufficient to make 100 parts- 
 Dose § dr.— J oz. (1-15 Co). 
 
 Asaphia (as-a'-fe-ah) [doafica, indistinctness]. 
 Indistinctness of utterance, especially that 
 due to cleft palate. 
 
 Asaprol (as'-ap-rol), CaC 20 H 14 S 2 O 8 + 3H 2 O. 
 Calcium betanaphthol-a-monosulfonate, a 
 substance readily soluble in water and alcohol, 
 and recommended in asthma, tonsillitis, and 
 acute articular rheumatism, in doses of from 
 15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.). 
 
 Asarol (as'-ar-ol) [asarum; oleum, oil], C 10 H ls O. 
 A camphor-like body derived from asarum. 
 
 Asarum (as' -ar-um) [aoapov, asarabacca]. A 
 genus of aristolochiaceous plants. A. cana- 
 dense, called wild ginger, Canada snakeroot, 
 with other North American species, is used 
 chiefly in domestic practice. It is a fragrant, 
 aromatic stimulant. Dose of fluidextract 15 
 min.— I dr. (1-2 Co). A. europium has 
 diaphoretic, emetic, purgative, and diuretic 
 qualities, but is now little used except in 
 veterinary practice. 
 
 Asbestiform (as-best' -e-f or m) [asbestos]. Fibrous 
 in structure. 
 
 Asbestos (as-bes'-tos) [aofcoroc, unquenchable]. 
 A soft fibrous mineral made up of flexible or 
 elastic filaments, and the best nonconductor 
 of heat known. Mixed with plaster it is used 
 in mechanic dentistry as a substitute for sand 
 to form the investment preparatory to solder- 
 ing. It has also a limited use in surgery. 
 
 Asbolic, Asbolicous, Asbolicus (as-bol'-i'k, -us) 
 [avSoXoc, soot]. Sooty; due to soot; e. g., 
 carcinoma scroti asbolicum. 
 
 Asbolin (as'-bol-in) [see Asbolic]. A bitter, 
 acrid, yellow oil extracted from soot; it is 
 used in tuberculosis. 
 
 Ascariasis (as-kar-i' -as-is) [ascaris]. The 
 symptoms produced by the presence of ascar- 
 ides in the gastrointestinal canal. 
 
 Ascaricide (as-kar'-is-id) [ascaris; ccedere, to 
 kill]. A medicine that kills ascarides. 
 
 Ascaris (as'-kar-is) [aanapcc, a species of 
 intestinal worm; pi., ascarides]. A genus of 
 parasitic worms inhabiting the intestine of 
 most animals. A. alata, a variety that has 
 rarely been found in man. A. lumbricoides, 
 a variety found in the ox, hog, and man. It 
 inhabits the small intestine, especially of chil- 
 dren. A. mystax, the roundworm of the cat, 
 rarely found in man. A. vermicularis. Syn- 
 onym of Oxyuris vermiaduris. 
 
 Ascending (as-end'-ing) [ascendere, to rise]. 
 Taking an upward course; rising (as parts 
 of the aorta and colon, and as one of the 
 vena? cavae). A. Current, in electricity, one 
 going from the periphery to a nerve-center. 
 A. Degeneration, a degeneration of the 
 nen-e-fibers extending from the periphery 
 to the center, or, in the spinal cord, from 
 below upward toward the brain. A. Paral- 
 ysis. See Paralysis, Ascending. A. Tracts, 
 
 the centripetal tracts of the spinal cord, 
 carrying afferent impulses. 
 
 Ascherson's Vesicles. The peculiar small 
 globules formed when oil and an albuminous 
 fluid are agitated together; formerly thought 
 to be cells. 
 
 Ascia (ah'-se-ah or as'-ke-ah) [a, priv.; onca, 
 shadow]. A spiral bandage applied without 
 reverses, each turn of which overlaps the pre- 
 ceding for about one-third of its width. Dola- 
 bra repens is the same as the preceding, but the 
 spirals are formed more obliquely and do 
 not overlap each other, but are separated by 
 a greater or less interval. Syn., Dolabra cur- 
 rens; Fascia spiralis. 
 
 Ascites (as-i'-tez) [doKh^c, a kind of dropsy; 
 from donor, a bag]. An abnormal collection 
 of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity; dropsy 
 of the peritoneum. It is either local in origin 
 or part of a general dropsy. The ascitic 
 fluid is usually clear, yellow, and coagulates 
 on standing. It may be turbid, blood-stained, 
 and contain lymph-particles or shreds. There 
 are uniform enlargement of the abdomen, 
 fluctuation, percussion-dulness. Its usual 
 cause is cirrhosis of the liver. Syn., Abdom- 
 inal dropsy; Hydroperitoneiim; Hydrops per- 
 itonei. See Duparque's Method for Detecting 
 Ascites. A., Active, A., Acute, that in 
 which there is a sudden large effusion due 
 to exposure or cold. A. adiposus, ascites 
 characterized by a fluid, milky appearance, 
 due to the presence in it of numerous cells 
 that have undergone fatty degeneration and 
 solution. It is seen in certain cases of car- 
 cinoma, tuberculosis, and other chronic in- 
 flammations of the peritoneum. Syn., Ascites 
 oleosus. A. chylosus, the presence of 
 chyle in the peritoneal cavity. It follows 
 rupture of a chyle-duct. A. intercus, an 
 effusion occurring between the skin and the 
 peritoneum. A. intermuscularis, edema of 
 the abdominal muscles. A., Mechanic, A., 
 Passive, that due to diseases which retard 
 the blood-current in the portal vein. A. 
 saccatus. 1. A form in which the effusion 
 is prevented by adhesions or inflammatory 
 exudate from entering the general peritoneal 
 cavity. Syn., Encysted dropsy of the peri- 
 toneum. 2. An ovarian cystoma. A. vagin- 
 alis, a collection of liquid within the sheath 
 of the rectus abdominis muscle. A. vul- 
 gatior, a form apparently due to diseased 
 kidneys, and preceded by scant}*, highly 
 colored urine. 
 
 Ascitic (as-it'-ik) [see Ascites]. Pertaining to 
 or affected with ascites. 
 
 Asclepiadin (as-kle-pi'-ad-in) [asclepias]. A 
 bitter glucosid obtainable from various species 
 of Asclepias. It is poisonous, and has emetic, 
 purgative, and sudorific properties. Unof. 
 
 Asclepias (as-kle'-pe-as) [doK/.^-idc]. 1. Pleu- 
 risy-root. The root of Asclepias tuberosa. 
 A popular remedy in the Southern States for 
 pleurisy. It is diaphoretic, emetic, and ca- 
 thartic. The infusion recommended has a 
 strength of 1 oz. of the powdered root to 
 
ASCLEPIN 
 
 108 
 
 ASPERGILLIN 
 
 32 oz. of water. Dose a teacupful every 
 3 or 4 hours. 2. A genus of plants of the 
 order Asclepiadacece. A. curassavica, blood- 
 flower, is an herb common to tropical America; 
 astringent, styptic, and anthelmintic against 
 the tape-worm. Dose of fluidextract 20 
 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc). A. longifolia, 
 of the western United States, is diaphoretic. 
 
 Asclepin (as-kle'-pin) [asclepias]. 1. A poi- 
 sonous principle obtainable from asclepiadin 
 by the separation of glucose from the latter. 
 2. The precipitate from a tincture of Asclepias 
 tuberosa; alterative, evacuant, tonic, sedative. 
 Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.). Unof. 
 
 Ascococcus (as-ko-kok'-us) [ascus; kokkoc, 
 a kernel]. A genus of the family of 
 Schizomycetes. The ascococci are micro- 
 organisms made up of round or ovoid 
 cells, united in massive colonies, and sur- 
 rounded by tough, thick, gelatinous envelops. 
 A. billrothii, a form found in putrid meat; its 
 natural habitat is the air; it is probably not 
 pathogenic. 
 
 Ascoidium (as-ko-id' -e-um) [ascus; eldoc, like- 
 ness]. A genus of Infusoria found in the 
 urine and feces of typhoid fever patients, in 
 sewage, in the excrement of cattle, and in 
 the cecum of swine. 
 
 Ascospore (as'-ko-spor) [ascus; oizopoc, spore]. 
 A spore produced by or in an ascus. 
 
 Ascus {as'-kus) [aonoc, a bag or bladder]. 
 The characteristic spore-case of some fungi 
 and lichens, usually consisting of a single 
 terminal cell containing eight spores. 
 
 Aselli's Pancreas. A group of lymphatic 
 glands situated at the root of the mesentery. 
 
 Asemasia (ah-sem-a'-ze-ah) [a, priv.; arjpLaom, 
 a signaling]. Absence of the power to com- 
 municate either by signs or by language. 
 
 Asepsin {ah-sep' -sin) . See Antisepsin. 
 
 Asepsis (ah-sep' -sis) [a, priv.; or)tycc, putrefac- 
 tion]. Absence of pathogenic microorgan- 
 isms. 
 
 Aseptic (ah-sep' -tik) [a, priv.; or)7ixbg, sep- 
 tic]. Free from pathogenic bacteria, as asep- 
 tic wounds. A. Surgery, the mode of sur- 
 gical practice in which everything that is 
 used, as well as the wound, is in a germ-free 
 condition. 
 
 Asepticism (ah-sep' -tis-izm) [see Aseptic]. The 
 doctrine or principles of aseptic surgery. 
 
 Asepticize (ah-sep' -tis-iz) [see Aseptic]. To 
 render aseptic. 
 
 Aseptin (ah-sep' -tin) [see Aseptic]. A secret 
 preparation containing boric acid, used for 
 preserving articles of food. 
 
 Aseptol (ah-sep' -tol) [see Aseptic], C 6 H 6 S0 4 . 
 A reddish liquid, with an odor of phenol, 
 recommended as a disinfectant and antiseptic. 
 It is used externally (1 to 10% solution) and 
 internally in about the same dose as phenol. 
 Syn., Sozolic acid; Sulfocarbolic acid. 
 
 Aseptolin (ah-sep' -tol-in). A preparation of 
 pilocarpin (0.018%) in an aqueous solution 
 of phenol (2.74%); it is used in tuberculosis 
 and in malaria. Dose 50-70 min. (3-4 Cc.) 
 daily, injected subcutaneously. 
 
 Asexual (ah-seks'-u-al) [a, priv.; sexus, sex]. 
 Without sex; nonsexual. 
 
 Ash [ME., asch]. 1. The incombustible min- 
 eral residue that remains when a substance 
 is incinerated. 2. See Manna. A. Marina. 
 See Manna. A., Prickly. See Xanthoxy- 
 lum. 
 
 Asialia (as-e-a'-le-ah) [d, priv.; o'caXov, spittle]. 
 Deficiency or failure of the secretion of saliva. 
 
 Asiatic (a-zhe-at'-ik) [Asia]. Pertaining or 
 belonging to Asia. A. Cholera. See Cholera, 
 Asiatic. A. Pill, a pill composed of arsenic 
 trioxid, black pepper, powdered licorice, and 
 mucilage. 
 
 Asimina (as-im-e'-nah) [L.]. A genus of trees. 
 A. triloba is the papaw tree of North 
 America. 
 
 Asitia (ah-sit'-e-ah) [a, priv.; a'cxog, food]. 
 The want of food; also a loathing for food. 
 
 Askelia (ah-ske'-le-ah) [a, priv.; onkXoc, leg]. 
 Nondevelopment of the legs. 
 
 Asoma (ah-so'-mah) [d, priv.; o<Jbp.a, body]. 
 A species of omphalositic monster charac- 
 terized by an absence of the trunk. The 
 head is never well formed, and the ves- 
 sels run from it to the placenta in the mem- 
 branes. Beneath the head is a sac in which 
 rudiments of body-organs may be found. 
 This is the rarest form of omphalosites. 
 
 Asonia (ah-so'-ne-ah) [a, priv. ; sonus, a sound]. 
 Tone-deafness. 
 
 Aspalasoma (as - pal -as - o'- mah) [dondXa^, 
 mole; a(b\xa, body]. A variety of single auto- 
 sitic monsters of the species Celosoma, in 
 which there is a lateral or median eventra- 
 tion occupying principally the lower portion 
 of the abdomen, with the urinary apparatus, 
 the genital apparatus, and the rectum opening 
 externally by three distinct orifices. 
 
 Asparagin (as -par' -aj -in) [asparagus], C 4 H 8 - 
 N 2 3 . An alkaloid found in the seeds of 
 many plants, in asparagus, beet-root, peas, 
 and beans. It forms shining, four-sided, 
 rhombic prisms, readily soluble in hot water, 
 but not in alcohol or ether. It is an amid 
 of aspartic acid, and forms compounds with 
 both acids and bases. It is diuretic. As- 
 paragin hydrargyrate has been used as an 
 antisyphilitic, in doses of ^ gr. (0.01 Gm.) 
 hypoderm atically . 
 
 Asparaginic Acid. See Acid, Asparaginic. 
 
 Asparagus (as-par'-ag-us) [danapayoc, aspara- 
 gus]. 1. The green root of Asparagus officin- 
 alis, a mild diuretic. Dose of fluidextract ^-1 
 dr. (2-4 Cc). Unof. 2. A genus of plants 
 belonging to the order Liliacece. A. acuti- 
 }olius, a species of southern Europe, is said to 
 be more efficient medicinally than A . officin- 
 alis. A. racemosus and A. sarmentosus, 
 of the old world tropics, are employed in the 
 same manner as salep; an infusion of the 
 root of A. sarmentosus is used to prevent the 
 confluence of smallpox pustules. 
 
 Aspartic Acid (as-par'-tik). See Acid, As- 
 partic. 
 
 Aspergillin (as - per - jil' - in) [aspergillus]. A 
 pigment obtained by Linossier from the 
 
ASPERGILLOSIS 
 
 109 
 
 ASSIMILATION 
 
 spores of Aspergillus niger. Syn., Vegetable 
 he matin. 
 
 Aspergillosis {as-per-jil-o'-sis). Pseudotuber- 
 culosis; morbid lesions due to some species 
 of Aspergillus. 
 
 Aspergillus {as-per -jil' -us) [aspergere, to 
 sprinkle]. A genus of fungi. A. auricularis, 
 a fungus found in the wax of the ear. A. 
 fumigatus, found in the ear, nose, and lungs. 
 A. glaucus, the bluish mold found upon 
 dried fruit. A. -keratitis, corneal inflamma- 
 tion due to invasion by a fungus belonging 
 to the genus Aspergillus. Syn., Keratomycosis 
 aspergillina. A. mucoroides, a species 
 found in tuberculous or gangrenous lung 
 tissue. A. -mycosis. See Otomycosis. 
 
 Aspermatic {ah-sper-maf '-ik) [a, priv.; o7iip/j.a, 
 seed]. Affected with or relating to asper- 
 matism. 
 
 Aspermatism {ah-sper 1 '-mat-izm) [see Asper- 
 matic]. Defective secretion of semen or lack 
 of formation of spermatozoa. 
 
 Aspermous {ah-sper' -mus) [see Aspermatic]. 
 Without seed. 
 
 Asperous {as'-per-us) [asper, rough]. Uneven; 
 having a surface with distinct minute eleva- 
 tions. 
 
 Aspersion {as-per' -zhun) [aspergere, to sprinkle]. 
 Treatment of disease by sprinkling the body 
 or the affected part with a medicinal agent. 
 
 Aspersus {as-per' -sus) [see Aspersion]. Covered 
 with scattered dots or punctures. 
 
 Asphalgesia {as-fal-je' -ze-ah) [aofa, their own; 
 aXyt]occ, pain]. Pitres' term for a condition 
 observed in hypnotism, in which intense pain 
 follows the touching of certain articles, and 
 prolonged contact produces convulsions. 
 
 Asphyctic, Asphyctous {as-fik'-tik, -tus) [as- 
 phyxia], i. Affected with asphyxia. 2. Pulse- 
 less. 
 
 Asphyxia {as-fiks'-e-ah) [a, priv.; ocf>u£cc, the 
 pulse]. Suffocation; the suspension of vital 
 phenomena resulting when the lungs are de- 
 prived of oxygen. The excess of carbon dioxid 
 in the blood at first stimulates, then paralyzes, 
 the respiratory center of the medulla. Artificial 
 respiration is therefore required in cases of 
 asphyxia. A. cataphora, that with brief 
 incomplete remissions. A., Lethargic, deep 
 sleep accompanying mental and physical 
 torpor. A., Local, that stage of Ray- 
 naud's disease in which the affected parts 
 are dusky red from intense congestion. 
 A. neonatorum, the asphyxia of the new- 
 born from any cause. A. sideratorum, loss 
 of consciousness from lightning-stroke. A., 
 Solar, A. Solaris, sunstroke. A., Syncopal, 
 a form of asphyxia in which the heart-cavities 
 are found vacant. A. valsalviana, syncope 
 due to disturbance of cardiac functions. 
 
 Asphyxiant {as-fiks'-e-ant) [see Asphyctic]. 1. 
 Producing asphyxia. 2. An agent capable of 
 producing asphyxia. 
 
 Asphyxiate {as-fiks'-e-dt) [see Asphyctic]. To 
 produce or cause asphyxia. 
 
 Aspidiopsoriasis {as-pid-e-o-so-ri' -as-is) [da- 
 Ti'cdcov, a little shield; psoriasis]. A form 
 
 of psoriasis marked by the formation of 
 scutiform scales. 
 Aspidium {as-pid'-e-um) [L.; gen., aspidii]. 
 
 1. A genus of ferns known as shield-ferns. 
 
 2. The rhizome of Aspidium filix-mas and 
 of A. marginale, or male-fern. Its proper- 
 ties are due to a resin containing filicic acid. 
 It is valuable chiefly against tape-worm. 
 Dose £dr.-^ oz. (2-15 Cc). A., Liquid Ex- 
 tract of {extr actum filicis liquidum, B. P.). 
 Dose 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). A., Oleoresin 
 of {oleoresina aspidii, U. S. P.), an ethereal 
 extract. Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Aspidosamin {as-pid-os'-am-in), CgatyS^Og. 
 A basic principle from quebracho bark. It 
 is emetic. Unof. 
 
 Aspidosperma {as-pid-o-sper' -mah) [dan eg, a 
 shield; onkpixa, a. seed]. A genus of apo- 
 cynaceous trees, of which the quebracho is 
 the most important. 
 
 Aspidospermin {as-pid-o-sper' -min) [see Aspi- 
 dosperma], C22H3QN202. An alkaloid extracted 
 from quebracho {Aspidosperma quebracho). 
 It is a respiratory stimulant and antispas- 
 modic. Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). 
 
 Aspiration {as-pir-a' -shun) [ad, to; spirare, 
 to breathe]. 1. The act of sucking up or 
 sucking in; inspiration; imbibition. 2. The 
 act of using the aspirator. 3. A method 
 of withdrawing the fluids and gases from a 
 cavity. A. Pneumonia. See Pneumonia, 
 Aspiration. 
 
 Aspirator {as'-pir-a-tor) [see Aspiration]. An 
 apparatus for withdrawing liquids from cavi- 
 ties by means of suction. 
 
 Aspirin {as'-pir-in). The acetic-acid ester of 
 salicylic acid; small needles without color 
 or taste, used as an antipyretic and analgesic, 
 as is sodium salicylate. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
 Syn., Acetyl salicylic acid. 
 
 Asporogenic {ah-spor-o-jen'-ik) [d, priv.; 
 oizbpoc;, seed; jevqc, producing]. Not repro- 
 ducing by means of spores; not producing 
 spores. 
 
 Assault {as-awlt') [assalire, to assail]. An 
 attack. A., Criminal, in medical jurispru- 
 dence, the touching or attempting to touch, 
 on the part of a male, any of the sexual 
 organs (the breasts included) of a female 
 against her will, even though they be covered 
 by clothing. 
 
 Assideration {as-id-er-a' -shun) [ad, intensive; 
 sideratio, an evil influence]. In forensic 
 medicine, infanticide by immersing in ice- 
 cold water. 
 
 Assimilable {as-im'-il-a-bl) [assimulare, to 
 make like]. Capable of being assimilated; 
 nutritious. 
 
 Assimilation {as-im-il-a' -shun) [see Assimil- 
 able]. The process of transforming food 
 into so nutrient a condition that it is taken 
 up by the circulatory system, to form an 
 integral part of the economy; synthetic or 
 constructive metabolism; anabolism. A., 
 Mental, the mental reception of impressions 
 and their assignment by the consciousness to 
 their proper place. A., Primary, that con- 
 
ASSOCIATED 
 
 110 
 
 ASTHMA 
 
 cerned in the conversion of food into chyle 
 and blood. A., Secondary, that relating to 
 the formation of the organized tissues of the 
 body. 
 
 Associated (as-o' '-se-a-ted) [associatus, united]. 
 Joined. A. Movements, coincident or con- 
 sensual movements of muscles other than 
 the leading one, and which, by habit or 
 unity of purpose, are involuntarily connected 
 with its action: both eyeballs move alike 
 in reading, though one be a blind eye. Move- 
 ment of the normal arm will sometimes 
 produce slight motion of the opposite para- 
 lyzed arm. Uniformity of innervation is 
 usually the cause of these movements. A. 
 Paralysis, A. Spasm, a common paralysis 
 or spasm of associated muscles. 
 
 Assuetude (as'-we-tud). Habituation to dis- 
 turbing influences; the condition of the 
 organism in which it has acquired such tol- 
 erance for a drug or poison that the effect it 
 once had is lost. 
 
 Assurin (as'-u-rin), C 4B H 94 N 2 P 2 9 . A name 
 given by Thudichum to a complex substance 
 occurring in brain tissue. 
 
 Astasia (ah-sta' -se-ah) [a, priv.; axaacc, stand- 
 ing]. Motor incoordination for standing. 
 A. -abasia, a symptom consisting in inability 
 to stand or walk in a normal manner. The 
 person affected seems to collapse when 
 attempting to walk. 
 
 Asteatosis (as-te-at-o'-sis) [a, priv.; oxkap, 
 tallow; tborjf, fulness], i. A deficiency or 
 absence of the sebaceous secretion. 2. Any 
 skin disease (as xeroderma) characterized by 
 scantiness or lack of the sebaceous secretion. 
 A. cutis, a condition of diminished sebace- 
 ous secretion, as the result of which the skin 
 becomes dry, scaly, and often fissured. 
 
 Aster (as'-ter) [L., "a star"]. The stellate 
 form assumed by the mitome of the nucleus 
 when undergoing karyokinesis. 
 
 Astereognosis (ah-ste-re-og-no'-sis) [a, priv.; 
 oxzpeoc, solid; yvcbacc, knowledge]. Inability 
 to recognize objects by the sense of touch, 
 due to lesion in the central parietal lobule. 
 Syn., Stereoagnosis. Cf., Aphasia, Tactile. 
 
 Asterion (as-te' -re-on) [aster]. A point on 
 the skull corresponding to the junction of 
 the occipital, parietal, and temporal bones. 
 
 Asternal (ah-ster' -not) [a, priv.; axkpvov, the 
 breast-bone]. Not connected with the ster- 
 num. A. Ribs, the five lower pairs, because 
 not joined directly to the sternum. 
 
 Asternia (ah-ster 1 '-ne-ah) [see Asternal]. Ab- 
 sence of the sternum. 
 
 Asteroid (as'-ter-oid) [aster; eldoc, likeness]. 
 1. Stellate. 2. See Astrocyte. 
 
 Asthenia (ah-sthen-e'-ah or ah-sthe' '-ne-ah) [a, 
 priv.; ad hoc, strength]. Absence of strength; 
 adynamia. Syn., Lipopsychia. 
 
 Asthenic (ah-sthen' -ik) [see Asthenia]. Char- 
 acterized by asthenia. 
 
 Asthenogenia, Asthenogenesis (ah-sthen-o-je' '- 
 ne-ah, ah-sthen-o-jen' -es-is) [asthenia ; yevvav, 
 to produce]. The production of asthenia. 
 
 Asthenometer (ah-sthen-om' -et-er) [asthenia; 
 
 phpov, a measure]. An instrument for de- 
 tecting and measuring asthenia; especially, a 
 device for measuring muscular asthenopia. 
 
 Asthenopia (ah-sthen-o' -pe-ah) [asthenia; 
 tb<l>, eye]. Weakness of the ocular mus- 
 cles or of visual power, due to errors 
 of refraction, heterophoria, overuse, anemia, 
 etc. A., Accommodative, that due to 
 hyperopia, astigmatism, or a combination 
 of the two, producing strain of the ciliary 
 muscle. A., Muscular, that due to weakness, 
 -incoordination (heterophoria), or strain of the 
 external ocular muscles. A., Nervous, A., 
 Retinal, a rare variety, caused by retinal 
 hyperesthesia, anesthesia, or other abnor- 
 mity, or by general nervous affections. 
 
 Asthenopic (ah-sthen-o p' -ik) [see Asthenopia]. 
 Characterized by asthenopia. 
 
 Asthma (az'-mah) [&adp.a, panting]. A par- 
 oxysmal affection of the bronchial tubes char- 
 acterized by dyspnea, cough, and a feeling of 
 constriction and suffocation. The disease is 
 probably a neurosis, and is due to hyperemia 
 and swelling of the bronchial mucous mem- 
 brane, with a peculiar secretion of a mucin- 
 like substance. The attacks may be caused 
 by direct irritation of the bronchial mucous 
 membrane or by indirect or reflex irritation, 
 as from the nose, the stomach, the uterus. 
 When dependent upon disease of the heart, 
 the kidneys, stomach, thymus, etc., it has 
 been designated cardiac, renal, peptic, 
 thymic, etc. A., Arthritic. 1. That due to 
 gout. 2. Angina pectoris. A., Bronchial. 
 Same as Asthma. A., Cardiac, paroxysmal 
 dyspnea due to heart disease. A., Cheyne- 
 Stokes', dyspnea due to pulmonary conges- 
 tion in an advanced stage of chronic myo- 
 carditis. A. convulsivum. Synonym of 
 Asthma. A. Crystals, acicular crys- 
 tals (Charcot-Leyden crystals) contained 
 in the sputum of asthmatic patients. They 
 are generally associated with eosinophil 
 cells. A. cultrariorum. See Fibroid Phthi- 
 sis. A. dyspepticum, asthma due to 
 nervous reflexes through the vagus. A., 
 Fuller's, A. fullorum, a pulmonary affec- 
 tion due to inhaling particles of wool and 
 dust in the manufacture of cloth. A., 
 Grinders'. See Fibroid Phthisis. A., 
 Hay-. See Hay-fever. A., Heberden's, 
 angina pectoris. A., Intrinsic, that due tp 
 direct irritation of the lungs. A., Kopp's, 
 spasm of the glottis. A., Marine. See 
 Beriberi. A., Miller's. See Laryngis- 
 mus stridulus. A., Miner's. See An- 
 thracosis. A. nervosum. Synonym of 
 Asthma. A., Organic, asthma of cardiac 
 origin. A. -paper, niter-paper. A., Para- 
 lytic Bronchial, a rare form attributed to a 
 relaxed condition of the bronchioles. A., 
 Pneumobulbar, See's term for a form 
 attributed to pulmonary irritation trans- 
 mitted to the bronchioles by reflexes through 
 the vagus. A. purulentum, that due to 
 an abscess in the respiratory passages. A., 
 Renal, a paroxysmal dyspnea sometimes 
 
ASTHMATIC 
 
 111 
 
 ASYLUM 
 
 occurring in the course of Bright's disease. 
 A., Spasmodic. See Asthma. A., Thymic. 
 Synonym of Laryngismus stridulus. A., 
 Wichmann's. Same as A., Kopp's. A., 
 Willis' Convulsive, asthma with sudden 
 onset, attributed to an affection of the inter- 
 costal nerves. 
 
 Asthmatic {az-mat'-ik) [see Asthma]. Relat- 
 ing to or affected with asthma. 
 
 Asthmatorthopnea, Asthmorthopnea (az- 
 mat-or-thop' -ne-ah, az-mor-thop' -ne-ah) [asth- 
 ma; orthopnea]. Orthopnea due to asthma or 
 respiratory obstruction located in the chest. 
 
 Astigmatic (ah-stig -mat' ' -ik) [astigmatism]. 
 Pertaining to or affected with astigmatism. 
 
 Astigmatism (ah-stig' -mat-izm) [a, priv.; 
 GTiy/xa, a point, because rays of light from a 
 point are not brought to a point by the re- 
 fractive media of the eye]. That condition of 
 the eye in which rays of light from a point do 
 not converge to a point on the retina. It is 
 usually due to inequality of curvature of the 
 different meridians of the cornea (corneal 
 astigmatism), but may be caused by imperfec- 
 tions of the lens (lenticular astigmatism), un- 
 equal contraction of the ciliary muscle, or may 
 
 • perhaps be due to retinal imperfection. It 
 may be acquired or congenital, and may com- 
 plicate hyperopia or myopia, producing either 
 simple hyperopic astigmatism, in which one 
 principal meridian is emmetropic, the other 
 
 ©" 
 
 H Hf-U*«W«" 
 
 Diagram Illustrating the Formation of Astigmatic 
 Images. 
 
 The figures below give the images corresponding to the 
 positions of the perpendicular lines above. The verti- 
 cal rays are brought to a focus anterior to the horizontal. 
 V = vertical rays; H = horizontal. 
 
 hyperopic, or compound hyperopic astigmatism, 
 in which both meridians are hyperopic, but 
 one more so than the other. Complicating 
 myopia we may in the same way have 
 simple myopic or compound myopic astigmatism. 
 In mixed astigmatism one principal meridian 
 is myopic, the other hyperopic. Regular astig- 
 matism is when the two principal meridians 
 are at right angles to each other; irregular 
 astigmatism when different parts of a meridian 
 have different refracting powers. 
 Astigmatometer (ah-stig-mat-om' -et-er) [astig- 
 matism; fikvpov, a measure]. An instru- 
 ment for measuring the degree of astig- 
 matism. 
 
 Astigmia (ah-stig' -me-ah). See Astigmatism. 
 
 Astigmometer (ah-stig-mom' -et-er) . See As- 
 tigmatometer . 
 
 Astigmometry (ah-stig-mom' -et-re) . The meas- 
 urement of astigmatism. 
 
 Astomia (ah-sto' -me-ah) [a, priv.; oxdp.a, a 
 mouth]. The condition of having no mouth. 
 
 Astragalectomy (as-trag-al-ek'-to-me) [astrag- 
 alus; Ikto/jlt), excision]. Excision of the as- 
 tragalus. 
 
 Astragalo calcaneal (as-lrag-al-o-kal-ka'-ne-af). 
 Relating to the astragalus and calcaneum. 
 
 Astragaloscaphoid (as-trag-al-o-skaf'-oid) . 
 
 Relating to the astragalus and the scaphoid 
 bone. 
 
 Astragalo tibial (as-trag-al-o-tib'-e-al). Relat- 
 ing to the astragalus and the tibia. 
 
 Astragalus (as-trag' -al-us) [daxpayaXoc, a 
 die; the analogous bones of the sheep were 
 used by the ancients as dice], i. The ankle- 
 bone, upon which the tibia rests. 2. A 
 genus of leguminous plants from some varie- 
 ties of which gum tragacanth is derived. A. 
 mollissimus is the loco-plant. The active prin- 
 ciple of this plant has mydriatic properties. 
 Unof. 
 
 Astraphobia, Astrapaphobia (as-trah-fo'-be-ah, 
 as -trap -a) -0' -be-ah) [doxpanrj, lightning; <f)6fto<;, 
 fear]. Morbid fear of lightning. 
 
 Astro- (as-tro-) [doxpov, a star]. A prefix mean- 
 ing star or star-shaped. 
 
 Astroblast (as'-tro-blast) [astro-; ftXaoxoc, a 
 germ]. A variety of glia-cell less differen- 
 tiated than the endymal cell and astrocytes. 
 
 Astrocyte (as'-tro-sit) [astro-; kuxoc, cell]. 
 1. One of the cells derived from the 
 endyma of the embryonic cerebrospinal 
 canal that, in the course of development, 
 wander toward the periphery, undergo 
 modification, and form one of the two chief 
 divisions of glia-cells, the other divisions being 
 the original endymal cells. Syn., Deiters' 
 cells 2. A stellate bone-corpuscle. 
 
 Astrokinetic (as-tro-kin-et' -ik) [astro-; kivs'cv, 
 to move]. Applied to the phenomena of motion 
 as exhibited by the centrosomes of cells. 
 
 Astrosphere (as'-tro-sfer) [astro-; ocfralpa, 
 sphere]. 1. The radially arranged proto- 
 plasmic filaments surrounding the centro- 
 some in a dividing cell. 2. The central 
 mass of the aster, exclusive of the filaments 
 or rays, in which the centrosome lies. 3. The 
 entire aster exclusive of the centrosome. See 
 Centrosphere and Sphere 0} Attraction. 
 
 Astrostatic (as-tro-stat'-ik) [astro-; coxdvac, to 
 stand]. Applied to the resting condition 
 of the centrosomes of cells. 
 
 Asturian (as-tu'-re-an). Relating to Asturia, 
 an old province of Spain. A. Rose. 1. 
 Pellagra. Syn., Rosa asturica; Rosa asturien- 
 sis. 2. Leprosy. 
 
 Astysia (ah-stiz'-e-ah) [a, priv.; oxuecv, to 
 make erect]. Incomplete power to erect the 
 penis. 
 
 Asylum (as-i'-lum) [L., "a place of ref- 
 uge"]. An institution for the support, safe- 
 keeping, cure, or education of those incapa- 
 
ASYMBOLIA 
 
 112 
 
 ATELEIOSIS 
 
 ble of caring for themselves, such as the 
 insane, the blind, etc. A. Ear. See Hem- 
 atoma auris under Hematoma. 
 
 Asymbolia {ah-sim-bo' -le-ah) [a, priv.; aufi- 
 [loXov, symbol]. The loss of all power of 
 communication, even by signs or symbols. 
 
 Asymmetry (ah-sim 1 '-et-re) [a, priv.; ouji- 
 /xezpta, symmetry], i. Unlikeness of corre- 
 sponding organs or parts of opposite sides of 
 the body that are normally of the same size, 
 etc., e. g., asymmetry of the two halves of 
 the skull or brain. 2. The linking of carbon 
 atoms to four different groups ; the combination 
 of carbon atoms with different atoms or 
 atomic groups. A., Meridional. See under 
 Astigmatism. A., Unilateral. See Hemi- 
 hypertrophy. 
 
 Asynechia (ah-si-ne' '-ke-ah) [a, priv.; auv- 
 k%ztv, to hold together]. Absence of continuity 
 in structure. 
 
 Asynergy {ah-sin' -er-je) [a, priv.; ouvzpy'ia, 
 cooperation]. Faulty coordination of the 
 different organs or muscles normally acting 
 in unison. A. , Progressive Locomotor, A. , 
 Motorial. See Ataxia, Locomotor. A., 
 Verbal, defective coordination of speech, as 
 in aphasia. ' A., Vocal, faulty coordination 
 of the muscles of the larynx due to chorea. 
 
 Asynesia {ah-sin-e' -ze-ali) [aoovzo'ta, stupidity]. 
 Stupidity; loss or disorder of mental power. 
 
 Asynodia (ah-sin-o' -de-ah) [d, priv.; oovooca, 
 a traveling together]. Impotence. 
 
 Asystole {ah-sis' -to-le) [a, priv.; ouoroXrj, a 
 shortening]. Imperfect contraction of the 
 ventricles of the heart. A., Cardiataxic, 
 transitory asystole due to accelerated heart- 
 action. A., Cardioplegic. See Amyo- 
 cardia. 
 
 Asystolic (ah-sis-toV-ik) [see Asystole]. Char- 
 acterized by asystole. 
 
 Atactic (at-ak'-tik) [dra/rroc, irregular]. Ir- 
 regular; incoordinate. Pertaining to muscu- 
 lar incoordination, especially in aphasia. 
 
 Atavic (at'-av-ik) [atavus, a. forefather]. 
 Relating to or characterized by atavism. 
 
 Atavism (at'-av-izm) [see Atavic]. A variety 
 of heredity characterized by the reappearance 
 of a peculiarity in an individual whose more 
 or less remote progenitors possessed the same 
 peculiarity but whose immediate ancestors did 
 not present it. 
 
 Atavistic (at-av-is'-tik). Same as Atavic. 
 
 Ataxaphasia (at-aks-a-fa'-ze-ah). Inability to 
 arrange words synthetically into sentences. 
 
 Ataxia {at-aks' -e-ali) [dragia, want of order]. 
 Incoordination of muscular action. A., Bul- 
 bar, tabes due to a lesion in the pons or 
 oblongata. A., Cerebellar, A., Cerebral, 
 A., Spinal, that due to disease of the cere- 
 
 ' bellum of the brain or of the spinal cord. 
 A., Briquet's, a hysteric state marked by 
 loss of sensation in the skin and in the leg- 
 muscles. A. cordis. See Delirium cordis. 
 A., Diphtheric, a sequel of diphtheria pre- 
 ceding diphtheric paralysis, and in which the 
 chief phenomena of locomotor ataxia are 
 present. A., Family, A., Friedreich's, 
 
 A., Hereditary. See Friedreich's Disease. 
 A., Hereditary Cerebellar (of Marie), a form 
 of ataxia that resembles Friedreich's disease 
 in being hereditary, occurring in families; the 
 gait, however, is not the staggering gait of 
 tabes, but the reeling gait of cerebellar disease; 
 the knee-jerk is increased instead of being 
 diminished, and there are no deformities. A., 
 Leyden's, pseudotabes. A., Locomotor, 
 a disease of the posterior columns of the 
 spinal cord, characterized by static and motor 
 ataxia, by fulgurant pains, girdle-sensation, 
 
 . Argyll Robertson pupil, disturbances of sen- 
 sation and of the sphincters, and loss of the 
 patellar reflex. Syn., Posterior spinal sclero- 
 sis; Tabes dorsalis. A., Moral, the incon- 
 stancy of ideas and will, attended with con- 
 vulsions and pain, observed in hysteric sub- 
 jects. A., Motor, inability to coordinate the 
 muscles in walking. A., Paralytic, of the 
 Heart, a condition marked by dyspnea, weak- 
 ness of cardiac sounds, palpitation, edema, 
 and dropsy, without any organic heart dis- 
 ease. A., Sensory, a form regarded as due 
 to disturbance of the nerve-tracts lying be- 
 tween the periphery and the centers of co- 
 ordination; its existence is denied by some 
 authorities. A., Spinal. See A., Cerebellar. 
 A., Static, the failure of muscular coordination 
 in standing still, or in fixed positions of the 
 limbs. A., Thermal, peculiar large and ir- 
 regular fluctuations of the body-temperature, 
 due to a condition of incoordination or a 
 disordered or weakened thermotaxic mechan- 
 ism. This may give rise to the socalled 
 paradoxic or hysteric temperatures, rising oc- 
 casionally to 108 or no° F., without grave 
 or permanent injury. A., Vasomotor. See 
 Vasomotor Ataxia. 
 
 Ataxic (at-aks'-ik) [see Ataxia]. 1. Pertaining 
 to or affected with ataxia. 2. A person 
 affected with ataxia. A. Aphasia. See 
 under Aphasia. A. Fever. See Typhus. 
 
 Ataxoadynamy {at-aks-o-ah-din' -am-e) . Adyn- 
 amia combined with ataxia. 
 
 Ataxodynamy (at-aks-o-din'-am-e) [ataxia; 
 duva[icg, power]. Abnormity in the move- 
 ments of a part or organ. 
 
 Ataxophemia {at-aks-o-fe' -me-ah) [ataxia; <j>fj/.u, 
 to speak]. Lack of coordination in speech. 
 
 Ataxospasmodic {at-aks-o-spas-mod'-ik). Af- 
 fected with choreic ataxia or relating to it. 
 
 Ataxy (at-aks'-e). See Ataxia. 
 
 Atelectasis {at-el-ek'-tas-is) [d-£Xr t c, imperfect; 
 eKxaacc, expansion]. Imperfect expansion or 
 collapse of the air -vesicles of the lung. It 
 may be present at birth, or may be acquired 
 from diseases of the bronchi or lungs. A., 
 Absorption, acquired atelectasis in which the 
 air has been removed by absorption from 
 within, resulting from the plugging of the 
 bronchial tubes. 
 
 Atelectatic (at-el-ek-tat'-ik) [see Atelectasis], 
 Relating to or characterized by atelectasis. 
 
 Ateleiosis (at-el-i-o' -sis) [dzetelojecc, not arriv- 
 ing at perfection]. A disease first described 
 by Schaaffhausen, of Bonn (1868), charac- 
 
ATELIA 
 
 113 
 
 ATMIOMETER 
 
 terized by abrupt onset, the absence of any 
 perceptible cause, conspicuous infantilism 
 with retention of unimpaired intelligence, and 
 marked tardiness in development of the sex- 
 ual system. Cf. Progeria. 
 
 Atelia (at-e' -le-ah) [drkkeca, imperfection]. Im- 
 perfect development. The word is com- 
 pounded with others to designate the part 
 affected, as atelocardia, etc., imperfect de- 
 velopment of the heart, etc. 
 
 Atelo- (at-el-o-). A prefix signifying imperfect 
 development. 
 
 Atelocardia {at-el-o -kar' -de -ah) [atelo-; mpdca, 
 heart]. An imperfect or undeveloped state 
 of the heart. 
 
 Atelocephalous (at-el-o-sef'-al-us) [atelo-; KefaXr], 
 head]. Having the skull or head more or 
 less incomplete. 
 
 Atelocheilia (al-el-o-ki' -le-ah) [atelo-; x £C ^°C, 
 lip]. Defective development of a lip. 
 
 Atelocheiria (at-el-o - ki'- re - ah) [atelo-; 
 X^'ip, hand]. Defective development of the 
 hand. 
 
 Ateloencephalia {at-el-o -en- sef - a'- le - ah) 
 [atelo-; eynkcjiaXoc, brain]. Incomplete devel- 
 opment of the brain. 
 
 Ateloglossia (at-el-o-glos' -e-ah) [atelo-; yXibooa, 
 tongue]. Congenital defect in the tongue. 
 
 Atelognathia (at-el-o g-na' -the-ah) [atelo-; 
 ■fvadog, jaw]. Imperfect development of a 
 jaw, especially of the lower jaw. 
 
 Atelomyelia (at-el-o-mi-e' -le-ah) [atelo-; pozlbc, 
 marrow]. Congenital defect of the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Atelopodia (at-el-o-po' -de-ah) [atelo-; nobc, foot]. 
 Defective development of the foot. 
 
 Ateloprosopia (at-el-o-pro-so' -pe-ah) [atelo-; 
 Trpdaconov, face]. Incomplete facial develop- 
 ment. 
 
 Atelorachidia (at-el-o-rak-id'-e-ah) [atelo-; 
 pd%cc, spine]. Imperfect development of 
 the spinal column, as in spina bifida. 
 
 Atelostomia (at-el-o-sto' -me-ah) [atelo-; axbpa, 
 mouth]. Incomplete development of the 
 mouth,. 
 
 Athermanous (ah-ther' -man-us) . Impervious 
 to radiant heat. 
 
 Athermic, Athermous (ah-ther' -mik, -mus). 
 i. Without fever. 2. See Athermanous. 
 
 Athermosystaltic (ah-ther -mo-sist-aV -till) [a, 
 priv.; dip/XT), heat; ouoxaXxcuoc, drawing to- 
 gether]. Applied to muscles which do not 
 contract under the influence of heat. 
 
 Atheroma (ath-er-o'-mah) [ddrjpr], gruel; bpa, 
 tumor]. 1. A sebaceous cyst containing a 
 cheesy material. Syn., Acne sebacea mollus- 
 cum; Sebaceous cyst; Steatoma. 2. The fatty 
 degeneration of the walls of the arteries in 
 arteriosclerosis; by common usage the word 
 is also applied to the whole process of ar- 
 teriosclerosis. Arterial atheroma is also 
 termed atherosis. A., Capillary, the forma- 
 tion of fatty granules in the walls of the 
 capillaries. 
 
 Atheromasia (ath-er-o-ma' -ze-ah) [see Ather- 
 oma]. Atheromatous degeneration; the con- 
 dition of atheroma, 
 
 Atheromatous (ath-er-o' -mat-us) [see Ather- 
 oma]. Characterized by or affected with 
 atheroma. A. Abscess. See Abscess, Athero- 
 matous. A. Ulcer, an ulcer formed by the 
 abscess breaking through the intima. 
 
 Atherosis (ath-er-o' -sis) [dd-qp-q, gruel]. A 
 synonym of Atheroma (2). 
 
 Athetoid (ath'-et-oid) [athetosis]. Pertaining to 
 or affected with athetosis. A. Spasm, a 
 spasm in which the affected member per- 
 forms athetoid movements. 
 
 Athetosis (ath-et-o'-sis) [adexoc, unfixed; change- 
 able]. A condition most frequently occurring 
 in children, and characterized by continual 
 slow change of position of the fingers and 
 toes. It is usually due to a lesion of the 
 brain. It is also called "posthemiplegic 
 chorea," from its occurrence after hemiplegia. 
 A., Double Congenital. See Paraplegia, 
 Infantile Spasmodic. 
 
 Athlete's Heart [ddXe'cv, to contend with]. A 
 slight incompetency of the aortic valves, a 
 condition sometimes found in athletes. 
 
 Athrepsia (ah-threps'-e-ah) [a, priv.; xpkfocv, 
 to nourish]. Malnutrition. 
 
 Athymia (ah-thi' '-me-ah) [a, priv.; dupoc, 
 spirit]. 1. Despondency. 2. Loss of con- 
 sciousness. 3. Insanity. 
 
 Athyrea, Athyria (ah-thi' -re-ah) [a, priv.; 
 thyroid]. The condition arising from ab- 
 sence of the thyroid gland or suppression of 
 its function. Syn., Myxedema. Cf. Thyreo- 
 privus. 
 
 Athyreosis (ah-thi-re-o'-sis). Atrophy "or ab- 
 sence of the thyroid gland and the patho- 
 logic condition consequent upon elimination 
 of its function. 
 
 Athyroidea (ah-thi-roid'-e-ah). Absence of the 
 thyroid gland. 
 
 Athyroidemia (ah-thi-roid-e' -me-ah) . Davel's 
 name for myxedema. 
 
 Atlantoaxial (at-lant-o-aks'-e-al). See Atlo- 
 axoid. 
 
 Atlas (at'-las) [axXac, able]. The first of the 
 cervical vertebras. It articulates with the 
 occipital bone of the skull and with the 
 axis. 
 
 Atloaxoid (at-lo-aks'-oid). Relating to the 
 bones termed the atlas and the axis. 
 
 Atlodymus (at-lod' -im-us) [dxXac, able; d'cdu- 
 fioc, double]. A monstrosity with two heads on 
 one neck and a single body. 
 
 Atmiatry (at-mi'-at-re) [drp.cc, vapor; laxpeca, 
 medical treatment]. Treatment of diseases 
 of the lungs or mucous membranes by in- 
 halation, fumigation, or by directing a cur- 
 rent of vapor or gas upon the part. 
 
 Atmic (at' -mik) [dxpic, vapor]. Relating to, 
 due to, or consisting of vapor. 
 
 Atmidalbumin (at-mid-al' -bu-min) . A sub- 
 stance standing between the albuminates and 
 the albumoses, obtained by Neumeister at 
 the same time with atmidalbumose. 
 
 Atmidalbumose (at-mid-al' -bu-moz) . Neu- 
 meister's name for a body obtained by the 
 action of superheated steam on fibrin. 
 
 Atmiometer (at-mi-om'-et-er). A closed cab* 
 
ATMO- 
 
 114 
 
 ATRETOLEMIA 
 
 inet with apparatus for treating diseases by 
 means of atmiatry. 
 
 Atmo- {at-mo-) [dxp.dc, vapor; breath]. A pre- 
 fix meaning vapor or breath. 
 
 Atmocausia, Atmocausis (at-mo-kaw' 'se-ah, 
 -sis) [atmo-; muotc, a burning]. Therapeutic 
 cauterization with steam by means of an 
 atmocautery. 
 
 Atmocautery {at-mo -kaw'-ter-e). A double- 
 channeled intrauterine catheter provided with 
 fenestras in both tubes. 
 
 Atmograph {at' -mo - graf) [atmo-; ypafecv, 
 to record]. A form of self-registering res- 
 pirometer. 
 
 Atmolysis {at-mol'-is-is) [atmo-; Xuocc, loosing]. 
 A method of separating the ingredients of 
 mixed gases or vapors by means of their dif- 
 ferent diffusibility through a porous substance. 
 
 Atmometer, Atmidometer {at-mom' -et-er, at- 
 mid-om' -et-er) [atmo-; pkxpov, a measure]. 
 An instrument for measuring the amount 
 of water exhaled by evaporation from a 
 given surface in a given time, in order to 
 determine the humidity of the atmosphere. 
 
 Atmosphere {at' -mos-fer) [atmo-; o(f>alpa, a 
 sphere], i. The air; the mixture of gases 
 surrounding the earth to the height of 
 about 200 miles. 2. The pressure exerted 
 by the earth's atmosphere at the level of the 
 sea; it is about 15 pounds to the square inch, 
 or 1 kilogram to the square centimeter. 3. 
 In chemistry, any special gaseous medium 
 encircling a body. 4. The climatic state of 
 a locality. 
 
 Atmospheric {at-mos-fer'-ik) [see Atmosphere]. 
 Pertaining to the atmosphere. A. Mois- 
 ture, the vapor of water mingled with the 
 atmosphere. It varies in quantity accord- 
 ing to the temperature. A. Tension, the 
 pressure of the air per square inch on 
 the surface of a body. Normally, at the 
 sea-level, it is about 15 pounds per square 
 inch, or equal to that of a column of mercury 
 about 30 inches in height. It decreases about 
 Yo inch or ^ pound per square inch for every 
 90 feet of altitude. Above 10,000 feet the 
 rarity of the atmosphere is usually noticeable 
 in quickened breathing and pulse-rate. 
 
 Atmospherization {at - mos - fer - iz - a'- shun) . 
 The conversion of venous into arterial blood 
 by the absorption of oxygen. Cf . Dearte- 
 rtalization. 
 
 Atmotherapy {al-mo-ther'-ap-e) [atmo-; depa- 
 nz'ca, therapy]. A name given by Pitres 
 to the treatment of certain tics by methodic 
 reduction of respiration. 
 
 Atocia {at-o' -se-ah) [axonoc, barren]. Sterility 
 of the female. 
 
 Atom {at'-om) [d, priv.; xipvscv, to cut]. The 
 ultimate unit of an element; that part of a 
 substance incapable of further division, or the 
 smallest part capable of entering into the for- 
 mation of a chemic compound, or uniting 
 with another to form a molecule — which last 
 is the smallest quantity of a substance that 
 can exist free or uncombined. 
 
 Atomic {at-om'-ik) [see Atom). Pertaining to 
 
 atoms. A. Heat, the specific heat of an 
 atom of a chemic element as compared 
 with that of an atom of hydrogen. A. 
 Theory, the theory of Dalton that all matter 
 is composed of atoms, the weight of each 
 atom differing for the different elements. A. 
 Valence, the saturating power of the atom of 
 an element as compared with an atom of 
 hydrogen. Syn., Equivalence. A. Weight, 
 the weight of an atom of an element as com- 
 pared with the weight of an atom of hydrogen. 
 
 Atomicity {at-om-is' -it-e) [see Atom]. Chemic 
 valence; quantivalence. 
 
 Atomization {at - om -iz-a' - shun) [see Atom]. 
 The mechanic process of breaking up a 
 liquid into fine spray. 
 
 Atomizer {at' -om-i-zer) [see Atom]. An in- 
 strument for transforming a liquid into a 
 spray. 
 
 Atonic {at - on'- ik) [atony]. Relating to or 
 characterized by atony. 
 
 Atony {at'-o-ne) [dxov'ca, want of tone]. Want 
 of power, especially of muscular power. 
 
 Atoxogen {ah-toks'-o-jen) [d, priv.; xo^ckov, 
 poison; ytvvdv, to produce]. A' defensive 
 substance resembling the enzyms and chem- 
 ically allied to toxins and antitoxins prepared 
 from the adrenals and spleen of the horse. 
 
 Atrabiliary {at-rah-biV -e-a-re) [atra, black; 
 bilis, bile]. Pertaining to black bile. A. 
 Capsules, an old name for the suprarenal 
 capsules. 
 
 Atrabilin {at-rah-bil'-in). A preparation of 
 suprarenal capsule; it is used in eye diseases. 
 
 Atrachelia {ah-trak-e' -le-ah) [d, priv.; xpaxykoc, 
 the neck]. Absence or exceeding shortness of 
 the neck. 
 
 Atrachelocephalus {ah-trak-el-o-sef -al-us) [dx- 
 paxyXoc, without a neck; tcefaXr], the head]. 
 1. Affected with atrachelia. 2. A monster 
 with no neck or an abnormally short one. 
 
 Atractenchyma {ah-trakt-en' -ki-mah) [axpanxoc, 
 a spindle; ifX £CV > to P our m ]- A tissue con- 
 sisting of spindle-cells. 
 
 Atractoid {ah-trakt'-oid). Spindle-shaped. 
 
 Atremia {ah-tre'-me-ah) [d, priv.; xpkpecv, to 
 tremble]. 1. An absence of tremor. 2. In- 
 ability to walk, stand, or sit without general 
 discomfort and paresthesia of the head and 
 back, all movements being readily executed 
 in the recumbent posture. Syn., NefteVs 
 disease. 
 
 Atresia {ah-tre' -ze-ah) [d, priv.; xpfjocc, per- 
 foration]. Imperforation of a normal open- 
 ing or canal, as of the anus, vagina, meatus 
 auditorius, pupil, etc. 
 
 Atresic {ah-tre'-zik) [see Atresia]. Characterized 
 by atresia. 
 
 Atreto- {ah-tre-to-) [axpyxoc, imperforate]. A 
 prefix meaning imperforate. 
 
 Atretocephalus {ah-tret-o-sef -al-us) [atreto-; 
 Ke<paX-q, the head]. A monster with imper- 
 forate nostrils or mouth. 
 
 Atretogastria {ah-tret-o-gas' -tre-ah) [atreto-; 
 yaax^p, stomach]. Imperforation of the car- 
 diac or pyloric orifice of the stomach. 
 
 Atretolemia {ah-tret-o-W -me-ah) [atreto-; Xacp.bc, 
 
ATRETORRHINIA 
 
 115 
 
 ATROPHY 
 
 the gullet]. Imperforation of the esophagus 
 or pharynx. 
 
 Atretorrhinia (ah-tret-or-rin' -e-ah) [atreto-; pec, 
 the nose]. Nasal atresia. 
 
 Atretostomia (ah-tret-o-sto' -me-ah) [atreto-; 
 ordfjia, the mouth]. Imperforation of the 
 mouth. 
 
 Atreturethria (ah-tret-u-re'-thre-ah) [atreto-; 
 oup-qdpa, the urethra]. Imperforation of the 
 urethra. 
 
 Atrichia (ah-trik' -e-ah) [a, priv.; Opc$, hair]. 
 Absence of the hair. 
 
 Atrichosis (ah-trik-o f -sis) [see Atrichia]. A 
 condition characterized by absence of hair. 
 
 Atrioventricular (a-tre-o-ven-trik' -u-lar) [at- 
 rium, hall; ventriculus, ventricle]. Relating 
 both to the atrium (or auricle) and to the 
 ventricle of the heart. 
 
 Atrium (a'-tre-um) [L., "the forecourt or 
 hall"], i. That part of the auricle of the 
 heart into which the venous blood is poured. 
 2. The part of the tympanic cavity of the 
 ear below the head of the malleus. A., 
 Infection-, the point of entrance of the bac- 
 teria in an infectious disease. 
 
 Atrolactyl (at-ro-lak' -til) , C 9 H 9 2 . The radicle 
 of atrolactic acid. A.-tropein. See Acon- 
 itin, British. 
 
 Atropa (at'-ro-pah) ["Azponoc, "she who turns 
 not"; undeviating; one of the three Fates who 
 cut the thread of life — in allusion to the 
 poisonous effects of the plant]. A genus of 
 the natural order Solanacece. A . belladonna is 
 the deadly nightshade, from which atropin is 
 obtained. See Belladonna. 
 
 Atrophia (at-ro'-fe-ah). See Atrophy. 
 
 Atrophic (at-ro'-fik) [atrophy]. Pertaining to 
 or affected with atrophy. 
 
 Atrophoderma (at -ro-fo- der' - mah) . See 
 Atrophy of the Skin. A. pigmentosum. See 
 Xeroderma pigmentosum. 
 
 Atrophodermatosis (at-ro-fo-der-mat-o'-sis) 
 [atrophy; dipfia, the skin]. A class of skin 
 diseases, including atrophoderma, ulodermi- 
 tis, and scleroderma, characterized by atrophy 
 of the cutis. 
 
 Atrophy, Atrophia (at f -ro-fe, at-ro'-fe-ah) [axpo- 
 (f>'ca, atrophy], i. Diminution in the size of a 
 tissue, organ, or part, the result of degeneration 
 of the cells or a decrease in the size of the cells. 
 2. To become atrophied. A., Accidental, 
 that of a part from compression or cutting 
 off its blood-supply. A., Acute Yellow. 
 See Icterus gravis. A., Angibromic, de- 
 crease in the size of the lumen of the ali- 
 mentary canal. A., Brown, a form of atrophy 
 in which the normal pigment of the organ 
 is retained, and in which there is also fre- 
 quently the addition of new pigment. It oc- 
 curs most frequently in the heart, muscles, 
 and liver, and is caused by chronic con- 
 gestion. Syn., Pigmented atrophy. Atrophia 
 cachochymica, that due to indigestible food. 
 A., Cardiac, atrophy of the heart following 
 senile changes, or occurring in cachectic con- 
 ditions, or as a result of pressure exerted 
 by mediastinal tumors, etc. Syn., Atrophia 
 
 cordis. A., Chronic Spinal Muscular. See 
 A., Progressive Muscular. A., Concentric, 
 that proceeding from without inward and tend- 
 ing to lessen the capacity of a hollow organ. 
 A., Correlated, an atrophy of certain por- 
 tions of the body following the removal or 
 destruction of other portions. Thus, ampu- 
 tation of an arm will be followed by an 
 atrophy of the scapula; of a leg, by atrophy of 
 the corresponding os innominatum. A. , Cyan- 
 otic (of the liver), atrophy of the parenchyma 
 of the hepatic lobules due to stasis in the 
 venous circulation, causing dilation and 
 congestion of the central veins and adjacent 
 capillaries. A., Degenerative, that due to 
 degeneration of the cells. A., Eccentric, 
 that proceeding from within toward the peri- 
 phery. A., Granular, a form observed in 
 the liver and kidneys, causing diminution 
 in size and attended with excess in forma- 
 tion of connective tissue, with copious supply 
 of granular matter. A., Granuloproteic, 
 that due to replacement of proper cell-struc- 
 ture with fine granular masses. A., Gray, 
 a degenerative change in the optic disc in 
 which the latter assumes a grayish color. 
 A., Halisteretic, atrophy of bone manifested 
 only by gradual thinning of the lamellas of 
 the spongy tissue. A., Idiopathic Muscu- 
 lar, muscular wasting, beginning in various 
 groups of muscles, usually progressive in 
 character, and dependent on primary changes 
 in the muscles themselves. There is a strong 
 hereditary predisposition to the disease. A., 
 Inanition, emaciation from diarrhea. Syn., 
 Atrophia inanatorum. A., Individual, Char- 
 cot's name for atrophy of individual muscles 
 in different parts, the proximate muscles not 
 being affected. A., Infantile, tabes mesen- 
 terica (q. v.). Syn., Atrophia infantum; Atro- 
 phia mesenterica. A., Muscular, atrophy 
 affecting muscles; it may be hereditary or 
 acquired, idiopathic, myelopathic, myopathic, 
 neuropathic, primary, secondary, simple, or 
 progressive. A. of the Nails, onychatrophia. 
 Syn., Atrophia unguis. A., Necrobiotic, A., 
 Numeric, atrophy of a part with destruction 
 of some of its elements. Atrophia nervea, 
 atrophy of the nerves. Atrophia nervosa, 
 gradual emaciation, with loss of appetite, due to 
 unwholesome and depressing environment. 
 A., Pigmentary, A., Pigmented, a form of 
 atrophy so called from a deposit of pigment 
 (yellow or yellowish-brown) in the atrophied 
 cells. Atrophia pilorum propria, atrophy of 
 the hair, either symptomatic or idiopathic in 
 origin. A., Progressive Facial, a condition 
 characterized by progressive wasting of the 
 skin of the face. Syn., Atrophia nova 
 facialis. A., Progressive Muscular, a 
 chronic disease characterized by progres- 
 sive wasting of individual muscles or 
 physiologic groups of muscles, and by an 
 associated and proportional amount of par- 
 alysis. It is due to a degeneration and 
 atrophy of the multipolar cells in the an- 
 terior gray horns of the cord, with consec- 
 
ATROPIN 
 
 116 
 
 ATTENDANT 
 
 utive degeneration of the anterior nerve- 
 roots and muscles. The right hand is usu- 
 ally the part .first attacked, and takes on 
 a peculiar claw-like form (main-en- gr iff e). 
 The disease is most frequent in males of 
 adult life, and follows excessive muscular exer- 
 tion. Syn., Chronic anterior poliomyelitis; Wast- 
 ing palsy. A., Progressive Nervous, Jac- 
 coud's name for atrophy of the spinal nerve- 
 roots due to pressure from a deposit of fibrous 
 substance on the spinal arachnoid. A., Pro- 
 gressive Unilateral Facial, a disease charac- 
 terized by progressive wasting of the skin, 
 connective tissue, fat, bone, and more rarely 
 the muscles of one side of the face. It is most 
 common in females; its course is slow and 
 generally progressive. A., Qualitative, de- 
 generation. A., Quantitative. See A., Sim- 
 ple. A., Red, a form of atrophy due to 
 chronic congestion, as seen in the liver in 
 mitral and tricuspid valvular lesions. A., Scle- 
 rotic, a name for connective tissue found at 
 times deposited in the heart-substance after 
 myocarditis. A., Senile, the physiologic atro- 
 phy of advanced life. It affects the lungs, the 
 sexual and other organs. A., Senile, of the 
 Skin, an atrophy of the skin usually associated 
 with general signs of senile degeneration. 
 Syn., Atrophia cutis senilis; Senile atropho- 
 derma. A., Serous, atrophy associated with 
 an infiltration of fluid into the atrophic tissues. 
 A., Simple, that due to a decrease in the size 
 of individual cells. A., Simple Brown, a 
 condition of the heart in which the muscle- 
 fibers retain their striated appearance, but the 
 muscle-cells are small and contain yellow 
 granules of pigment. A. of the Skin, 
 atrophy characterized by diminution or dis- 
 appearance of certain of the elements of 
 the skin: especially seen in advanced age. 
 The skin becomes thin, loose* wrinkled, and 
 discolored. Syn., Atrophia cutis; Atropho- 
 derma. A,, Sympathetic, atrophy of the 
 second member of a pair of organs, following 
 that of the first. A., Trophoneurotic, that 
 dependent upon abnormity of the nervous 
 supply of an organ or tissue, best illustrated 
 in muscular atrophy from disease of the an- 
 terior horns of the spinal cord. Atrophia 
 verminosa, emaciation due to intestinal 
 worms. A., White, nerve atrophy, leaving 
 only white connective tissue. 
 Atropin, Atropina (at'-ro-pin, at-ro-pi' -nah) 
 ["ArpoKoc, one of the Fates who cut the thread 
 of life], C 17 H ?3 N0 3 . The atropinaoi the V. S.P. 
 is a crystalline alkaloid derived from Atropa 
 belladonna. It is a mydriatic, antispasmodic, 
 and anodyne; in small doses a cardiac, respira- 
 tory, and spinal stimulant; in large doses a par- 
 alyzant of the cardiac and respiratory centers, 
 the spinal cord, motor nerves, and involuntary 
 and voluntary muscles. It lessens all the se- 
 cretions except the urine. In full doses it pro- 
 duces dryness of the throat, flushing of the 
 face, dilation of the pupils, a rise of tem- 
 perature, and sometimes an erythematous 
 rash. It is extensively used in ophthalmic 
 
 practice to dilate the pupil, to paralyze accom- 
 modation, and also in various corneal, iritic, 
 and other ocular diseases. Its therapeutic use 
 in general medicine is also manifold; e. g., in 
 inflammatory affections and the pain of cere- 
 bral and spinal hyperemia, atonic constipa- 
 tion, cardiac failure, hypersecretions, especially 
 of the sweat, to relieve local spasms, as in 
 intestinal and biliary colic, in asthma, whoop- 
 ing-cough, etc., and as a physiologic an- 
 tagonist in opium -poisoning. A. Borate, 
 (C 17 H 23 N0 3 ) 2 B 4 7 , is used in ophthalmic prac- 
 tice. A. Hydrobromate, C 17 H 23 N0 3 HBr, 
 white crystals, soluble in water and in alcohol. 
 It is used as is atropin. A. Hydro chlorate, 
 C 17 H 23 N0 3 HC1, white crystals, soluble in 
 water and alcohol, slightly in ether. Used 
 in the same manner as atropin. Dose x^o~ 
 e 1 ^ gr. (0.0006-0.001 Gm.). A. Hydroio- 
 date, C 17 H 23 NO . HI0 3 , is employed in 
 ophthalmic practice in 0.5 to 1.5 % 
 solution. A., Lamellas of (lamella atropince, 
 B. P.), each contains 5 J 00 gr. (0.000013 Gm.) 
 atropin. A. Oleate (oleatum atropince, U. S. 
 P.), a 2% solution of atropin in oleic acid; 
 it is a mydriatic, sedative, and anodyne, and is 
 used as an inunction in cases in which remedies 
 cannot be administered by the mouth. A. 
 Salicylate, C 17 H 23 N0 3 C 7 H 6 2 , a colloidal 
 mass, used as is atropin. A. Santonate, 
 a compound of atropin and santonic acid, 
 recommended as a mydriatic. A. San- 
 toninate, C 17 H 23 O 3 C 15 H 20 O 4 , is used in oph- 
 thalmic practice. A. Stearate, C ]7 H 23 N0 3 C 17 - 
 H 35 CO . OH, fine white needles, greasy to the 
 touch, melting at 120 C, beginning to de- 
 compose at 170 C, and containing 50.43 % of 
 atropin. It is soluble in ether and in alcohol. 
 Applied in 1 : 500 oily solution as a substitute 
 for oil of belladonna or oil of hyoscyamus. 
 A. Sulfate (atropines sulphas, U. S. P.), 
 the most frequently used preparation of 
 atropin, is a white powder, of bitter taste and 
 neutral reaction, and is soluble in water. 
 Dose T | - - g 1 ^ gr. (0.00036-0.008 Gm). A. 
 Sulfate, Solution of (liquor atropince sul- 
 phatis, B. P.). Dose 1-6 min. (0.065-0.4 Cc). 
 A. Tartrate, (C 17 H 23 N0 3 ) 2 C 4 H 6 6 , is used as 
 is atropin. 
 
 Atropinize (at'-ro-pin-iz) [atropin]. To bring 
 under the influence of, or to treat with, 
 atropin. 
 
 Atroscin (at'-ros-in), C 17 H 21 N0 4 . An alkaloid 
 isomeric with hyoscin, obtained from Scopolia 
 carniolica. It has a higher rotatory power 
 than hyoscin, and is from 2 to 4 times stronger 
 in mydriatic action. Syn., Atrosia. 
 
 Attar (at'-ar) [Ar., 'itr, perfume]. A general 
 name for any of the volatile oils. A. of Rose, 
 oil of rose. The volatile oil distilled from the 
 fresh flowers of the Damascene rose. It comes 
 mainly from eastern Rumelia, and is generally 
 adulterated with other volatile oils. It is used 
 as a perfume. 
 
 Attendant (at-en' -dani) [attendere, to attend]. 
 A nonprofessional attache of an asylum or hos- 
 pital. 
 
ATTENUANT 
 
 117 
 
 AULA 
 
 Attenuant (at-en'-u-ant) [attenuare, to make 
 thin], i. A medicine or agent increasing the 
 fluidity or thinness of the blood or other secre- 
 tion. 2. Lessening the effect of an agent. 
 
 Attenuating {at-en' -u-a-ting) [see Attenuant]. 
 Making thin. 
 
 Attenuation {at-cn-u-a! -shun) [see Attenuant]. 
 The act of making thin; a thinning, narrow- 
 ing, or reduction of the strength or size of a 
 substance, especially the weakening of the 
 pathogenic virulence of microorganisms by 
 successive cultivation, by exposure to light, 
 air, heat, or other agency, or by passing through 
 certain animals, so that they may be used as 
 a vaccine to confer immunity from future at- 
 tacks of the disease. A., Sanderson's Meth- 
 od of, the passing of virus through the system 
 of another animal (e. g., the guinea-pig, in 
 anthrax) so that it becomes modified in viru- 
 lency. 
 
 Attic {at'-ik) ['Attckoc, Attic]. Part of the 
 tympanic cavity situated above the atrium. 
 A. Disease, chronic suppurative inflammation 
 of the attic of the tympanum. 
 
 Atticoantrotomy {at-ik-o-an-trof -o-me) [attic; 
 antrum; xe^vecv, to cut]. The opening of 
 the attic and mastoid process. 
 
 Atticomastoid (at-ik-o-mas f -toid) . Relating to 
 the attic and the mastoid. 
 
 Atticotomy {at-ik-of -om-e) [attic; rkuvetv, to 
 cut]. Surgical incision of the attic. 
 
 Attitude {at'-e-tud) [aptitudo, aptitude]. See 
 Posture. A., Crucifixion, in hysteroepi- 
 lepsy, a rigid state of the body, the arms 
 stretched out at right angles. A., Frozen, 
 a peculiar stiffness of the gait characteristic 
 of disease of the spinal cord, especially of 
 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A., Passion- 
 ate, the assumption of a dramatic or theatric 
 expression, a position assumed by some hys- 
 teric patients. 
 
 Attollens {at-ol'-enz) [attollere, to rise up]. 
 Raising. A. auris, a muscle raising the 
 external ear. 
 
 Attraction (at-rak'-shun) [attrahere, to draw 
 to]. The tendency of one particle of matter 
 to approach another; affinity. As existing 
 between masses, it is termed gravitation, 
 while molecular attraction or cohesion ex- 
 presses the force aggregating molecules. A., 
 Capillary, the force that causes liquids to rise 
 in fine tubes or between two closely approxi- 
 mated surfaces, or on the sides of the contain- 
 ing vessel. A., Chemic, the attraction of 
 affinity, relates to the attraction of atoms of 
 one element to those of others, resulting in 
 chemic compounds. A., Electric, the ten- 
 dency of bodies toward each other when 
 charged with opposite electricities. A., Mag- 
 netic, the influence of a magnet upon certain 
 metallic substances, chiefly iron. 
 
 Attrahens {at' -ra-lienz) [L., "drawing"]. 
 Drawing forward, as attrahens aurem, a mus- 
 cle drawing the ear forward and upward. 
 
 Attrition {at-rish' -un) [atterere, to rub against]. 
 Rubbing or friction. 
 
 Atypic, Atypical (ah-tip'-ik, -al) [a, priv.; 
 
 zu-koc, a type]. Irregular; not conformable 
 to the type. A. Fever, an intermittent fever 
 with irregularity of the paroxysm. 
 
 Aubert's Phenomenon. An optic illusion by 
 which, when the head is inclined to one side, 
 a vertical line is made to appear oblique to- 
 ward the opposite side. 
 
 Audiometer (aw-de-om' -et-er) [audire, to hear; 
 [ikxpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
 measuring the acuteness of hearing. 
 
 Audiphone (aw'-dif-on) [audire, to hear; (fxovq, 
 a sound]. An instrument for improving the 
 power of hearing by conveying sounds through 
 the bones of the head to the labyrinth. 
 
 Audition {aw-dish'-un) [audire, to hear]. The 
 act of hearing. Syn., Acoesis; Acousia; Acu- 
 sis. A. coloree, color-hearing, a peculiar 
 association between the auditory and optic 
 nerves, by which a certain sound or musical 
 note will give rise to a subjective sensation of 
 color, the same note in the same person being 
 always associated with the same color. Syn., 
 Chromatic audition. A. contre,the perception 
 by one ear of the vibrations of a tuning-fork 
 placed on the mastoid process on the other 
 side. 
 
 Auditory {aw' -dit-o-re) [see Audition]. Per- 
 taining to the act or the organs of hearing. 
 A. After-sensations, the sensations of sounds 
 continuing or occurring after the cessation of 
 the stimulus. A. Amnesia. See Mind- 
 deafness. A. Area, the cerebral center for 
 hearing, probably located in the temporo- 
 sphenoid lobe. A. Aura, an auditory sensa- 
 tion preceding an attack of epilepsy. A. 
 Center. Same as A. Area. A. Eminence, 
 the prominent part of the floor of the fourth 
 ventricle, lying between the inferior and su- 
 perior fovea. A. Hairs, the processes of the 
 crista acustica. A. Meatus (external and 
 internal), the external and internal canals or 
 openings of the ear. A. Nerve, the eighth 
 cranial nerve, supplying the internal ear; 
 formerly the porlio mollis of the seventh pair 
 of cranial nerves. A. Ossicles, the chain 
 of small bones of the middle ear. A. Pit, 
 the depression in the epiblast on both sides 
 of the embryonic after-brain, destined to form 
 the labyrinth of the ear. A. Vertigo, dizzi- 
 ness due to pathologic conditions of the ear. 
 See Meniere's Disease. 
 
 Auenbrugger's Sign. Bulging of the epigastric 
 region in cases of extensive pericardial effusion. 
 
 Auerbach's Ganglions. The ganglionic nodes 
 in Auerbach's plexus. A.'s Plexus, plexus 
 myentericus, a nerve-plexus found between 
 the circular and longitudinal muscular coats 
 of the stomach and intestine, and consisting 
 of a network of pale nerve -fibers, at the nodal 
 points of which minute ganglions exist. 
 
 Aufrecht's Sign. Short and feeble breathing 
 heard just above the jugular fossa on placing 
 the stethoscope over the trachea; it is noted 
 in tracheal stenosis. 
 
 Augnathus (aw-gna f -thus) [ay, besides; yyadoc, 
 the jaw]. A monster with two lower jaws. 
 
 Aula (aw'-lah) [aoXrj, a hall or open court]. The 
 
AURA 
 
 118 
 
 AURIST 
 
 common mesal cavity of the cerebrum, it being 
 also the anterior portion of the third ventricle. 
 
 Aura (aw' -rah) [aupa, a breath]. A breath of 
 wind; a soft vapor. The phenomenon pre- 
 ceding an attack of epilepsy. It may be mo- 
 tor, sensory, vasomotor, secretory, or psychic. 
 It is also applied to the symptom preceding 
 an attack of any disease or paroxysm, as the 
 aura hysterica, aura vertiginosa, etc. A,, 
 Epigastric, a localized epileptic aura. 
 
 Aurade, Auradin (aw'-rad, aw'-rad-in). A 
 fatty body obtained from oil of orange-flowers. 
 It crystallizes in tasteless, pearly, odorless 
 scales, melting at 13 1° F.; soluble in water, 
 insoluble in alcohol. Syn., Neroli camphor. 
 
 Aural (aw'-ral) [auris, the ear]. 1. Relating 
 to the ear or to hearing. 2. [aura.] Relating 
 to the air or to an aura. A. Vertigo. See 
 Meniere's Disease. 
 
 Auramin {aw' -ram-in) [aurum, gold; amin]. 
 Yellow pyoktanin, a yellow anilin color used 
 to some extent as an antiseptic. 
 
 Aurantia (aw-ran 1 '-she-ah) [aurantium]. 1. An 
 orange coal-tar dye; an ammonium salt of hexa- 
 nitrodiphenylamin. 2. An orange or oranges. 
 
 Aurantin {aw-ran' -tin). See Heptane. 
 
 Aurantium (aw-ran' -she-um) [L. ; gen., aurantii]. 
 Orange. The fruit of Citrus vulgaris and C. 
 aurantium. Both the flowers and the rind of 
 the fruit are employed in medicine. Au- 
 rantii amari cortex (U. S. P.), bitter orange- 
 peel. Aurantii amari, Fluidextracturn (U. 
 S. P.), bitter orange-peel, alcohol, and water. 
 It is used as a flavor. Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 Aurantii amari, Tinctura (U. S. P.), bitter 
 orange-peel, 20; dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 100. 
 Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). Aurantii corticis, 
 Oleum (U. S. P.), the volatile oil expressed 
 from the rind of the orange; it is aromatic 
 and a mild tonic, but is used mainly as a 
 flavor. Dose 1-5 drops. Aurantii dulcis 
 cortex (U. S. P.), sweet orange-peel. Au- 
 rantii dulcis, Tinctura (U. S. P.), sweet 
 orange-peel, 20; dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 100. 
 Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). Aurantii, Elixir, 
 oil of orange-peel, 1; sugar, 100; alcohol and 
 water, q. s. ad 300. Aurantii riorum, Aqua 
 (U. S. P.), stronger orange-flower water and 
 distilled water, of each, 1 volume. Aurantii 
 riorum fortior, Aqua (U. S. P.), water satu- 
 rated with the volatile oil of fresh orange- 
 flowers. Aurantii riorum, Oleum, oil of ne- 
 roli, a volatile oil distilled from fresh orange- 
 flowers. Dose 1-5 drops. Aurantii norum, 
 Syrupus (U. S. P.), sugar, 85; orange-flower 
 water, sufficient to make 100 parts. A com- 
 mon flavoring agent. Aurantii, Infusum (B. 
 P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). Aurantii, 
 Infusum, Compositum (B. P.). Dose 1-2 
 oz. (30-60 Cc). Aurantii, Spiritus, oil of 
 orange-peel, 5; deodorized alcohol, 95. Dose 
 according to quantity of alcohol desired. Au- 
 rantii, Spiritus, Compo situs (U. S. P.), oil of 
 orange-peel, 20; oil of lemon, 5; oil of cori- 
 ander, 2; oil of anise, 5; deodorized alcohol, 
 sufficient to make 100 parts. Aurantii, Syr- 
 upus (U. S. P.), tincture of sweet orange-peel, 
 
 5; citric acid, 0.5; magnesium carbonate, 1; 
 sugar, 82; water sufficient to make 100 parts. 
 Aurantii, Tinctura (B. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. 
 (4-8 Cc). Aurantii, Tinctura, recentis (B. 
 P.), tincture of fresh orange-peel. Dose 1-2 
 dr. (4-8 Cc). Aurantii, Vinum (B. P.), 
 contains 1 2 % of alcohol. 
 
 Aureola (aw-re'-o-lah). See Areola (1). 
 
 Aureolin (aw-re'-o-lin) [aurum, gold]. A yellow 
 pigment obtained by heating paratoluidin 
 with sulfur and treating with fuming sulfuric 
 acid. Syn., Carnotin; Polychromin; Primulin 
 yellow; Sid fin; Thiochromogen. 
 
 Auric (aw'-rik) [aurum, gold]. Pertaining to 
 aurum or gold. A. Acid. See Acid, Auric. 
 
 Auricle (aw'-rik-l) [auricula, the ear]. 1. The 
 expanded portion or pinna of the ear. 2. 
 One of the upper chambers of the heart receiv- 
 ing the blood from the lungs (left auricle) or 
 from the general circulation (right auricle). 
 3. An ear-shaped appendage. 4. A kind of 
 ear -trumpet. A., Cervical, congenital car- 
 tilaginous remains of the neck, arising about 
 the middle of the sternomastoid as symmetric 
 bodies, occurring in man occasionally and 
 almost constantly present in the goat. 
 
 Auricoammonic (aw-rik-o-am-on'-ik). Con- 
 taining gold and ammonium. 
 
 Auricobarytic (aw-rik-o-bar-it'-ik). Contain- 
 ing gold and barium. 
 
 Auricular (aw-rik'-u-lar) [see Auricle]. 1. 
 Relating to the auricle of the ear. 2. Per- 
 taining to the auricles of the heart, as auricu- 
 lar appendix. 3. Relating to the auricular 
 nerve, arteries, veins, etc. A. Finger, the 
 little finger. A. Point, the central point of 
 the external auricular meatus. 
 
 Auricularis (aw-rik-u-la'-ris) [see Auricle], 
 1. Auricular. 2. The extensor minimi digiti. 
 See under Muscle. A. magnus, a branch of 
 the cervical plexus of nerves. 
 
 Auriculo cranial (aw-rik-u-lo-kra'-ne-al). Per- 
 taining to both the auricle and the cranium. 
 
 Auriculotemporal (aw -rik-u-lo - tem'-po -rat) 
 » [auricle; tempus, the temple]. Relating 
 to the auricle and to the temporal re- 
 gion. A. Nerve, a branch of the inferior 
 maxillary, supplying superficial parts about 
 the auricle and temple. 
 
 Auriculoventricular (aw-rik-u-lo-ven-trik'-u- 
 lar) [auricle; ventricidus, the ventricle]. 
 Relating to an auricle and a ventricle of the 
 heart. A. Opening, the opening between the 
 auricles and the ventricles of the heart. 
 
 Auriginous (aw-rij'-in-ous). 1. Having the 
 color of gold. 2. Relating to jaundice. 
 
 Aurinasal (aw-re-na'-sal) [auris; nasus, nose]. 
 Pertaining to the ear and the nose. 
 
 Auripuncture (aw'-re-punk-chur) [auris; punc- 
 ture]. Puncture of the membrana tympani. 
 
 Auris (aw'-ris) [L.]. The ear. 
 
 Auriscope (aw'-ris-kop) [auris; okotzuv, to ex- 
 amine]. An instrument for examining the 
 ear, and especially the eustachian passage; 
 an otoscope. 
 
 Aurist (aw'-rist) [auris]. A specialist in dis- 
 eases of the ear. 
 
AUROBROMID 
 
 119 
 
 AUTOINTOXICATION 
 
 Aurobromid (aw-ro-bro' -mid) . Gold and po- 
 tassium bromid. 
 
 Aurum {aw' -rum) [L.; gen., auri]. Gold. Au 
 = 196.7; quantivalence in. A brilliant yel- 
 low metal, having a specific gravity of 19.3. 
 It is soluble in a mixture of nitric and hydro- 
 chloric acids. A. bromidum, AuBr 3 , used 
 in epilepsy and migraine. Dose ^&-$ g 1 "- 
 (0.003-0.01 Gm.). A. chloridum, goldchlo- 
 rid. Dose £(, - $* g 1 "- (0.001-0.002 Gm.). 
 Also used as a stain for nerve tissue. Auri et 
 sodii chloridum (U.S. P.), the double chlorid 
 of gold and sodium. It is used as an alter- 
 ative in chronic inflammations, diabetes, in 
 the treatment of the alcohol habit, etc. 
 Dose to~to g r - (0.002-0.006 Gm.). , A. vege- 
 tabile, saffron. 
 
 Auscult, Auscultate (aws-kulf, aws' -kul-tat) 
 [auscultare, to listen to]. To perform or prac- 
 tise auscultation; to examine by ausculta- 
 tion. 
 
 Auscultation (aws-kul-ta' -shun) [see Aus- 
 cult]. A method of investigation of the 
 functions and conditions of the respiratory, 
 circulatory, digestive, and other organs by the 
 sounds they themselves give out or that are 
 elicited by percussion. It is called immediate, 
 when the ear is directly applied to the part, and 
 mediate, if practised by the aid of the stetho- 
 scope. Obstetric auscultation is practised in 
 pregnancy to detect or study the fetal heart- 
 sounds or the placental murmur. A. -tube, 
 in otology, an instrument for listening to the 
 forced passage of air through the ear of an- 
 other. 
 
 Auscultatory (aws-kuV '-ta-to-re) [see Ausctdt]. 
 Relating to auscultation. A. Percussion, 
 the practice of listening with the stethoscope 
 to the sounds produced by percussing a 
 part. 
 
 Autechoscope (aw-tek'-o-skop) [auxoc, self; 
 7?£oc, sound; oKoize'tv, to inspect]. A device 
 for enabling a person to listen to sounds pro- 
 duced within his own body. 
 
 Autecious, Autcecious (aw-te' '-sluis) [auxoc, 
 self; oIkoc, dwelling]. Applied to parasitic 
 fungi that pass through all the stages of their 
 existence in the same host. 
 
 Autemesia (aw-tem-e' -zhe-ah) [auxoc, self; 
 ifielv, to vomit]. Vomiting without manifest 
 cause.* 
 
 Auto- (aw-to-) [auxoc, self]. A prefix meaning 
 self, of itself. 
 
 Autoaudible (aw-to-awd'-i-U) [auto-; audire, 
 to hear]. Applied to cardiac sounds audible 
 to the patient. 
 
 Autoblast (aw'-to-blast) [auto-; fiXaoxoc, a. germ]. 
 An independent bioblast. 
 
 Autochthon (aw-tok'-thon) [auxoydojv, sprung 
 from the land]. An aboriginal inhabitant. 
 
 Autochthonous (aw-tok'-thon-us) [see Autoch- 
 thon]. Aboriginal; formed (as, e. g., a clot) 
 in the place where it is found. 
 
 Autocmesis(aw'-to-sin-e'-sis). See Autokinesis. 
 
 Autocinetic (aw-to-sin-et'-ik). See Autokinetic. 
 
 Autoclave (aw' -to-kldv) [auto-; clavis, a key]. 
 1. Self -fastening; closing itself. 2. An appa- 
 
 ratus for sterilizing objects by steam-heat at 
 high pressure. 
 
 Autoconduction (aw-to-kon-duk'-shun) [auto-; 
 conduction]. A term used in electrotherapy 
 for a method of using high-frequency cur- 
 rents, by having the patient or part to be 
 acted upon placed inside of the solenoid, with- 
 out any direct connection with any part of the 
 circuit. 
 
 Autocystoplasty (aw -to -sis' ' -to-plas-te) [auto-; 
 Kuoxcc, bladder; xXaooecv, to form]. Plas- 
 tic surgery of the bladder with grafts from 
 the patient's body. 
 
 Autocytotoxins (aw-to-si-to-toks'-ins) [auto-; 
 cytotoxin]. Cytotoxins produced in the body 
 of the individual by abnormal retention 
 and absorption of the products of degenerated 
 and dead cells. 
 
 Autodidact (aw r -to-di-dakt) [auto-; dcda/cxdc, 
 taught]. One who is self-taught in his 
 profession. 
 
 Autodigestion (aw-to-di-jes' -chun) [aido-; 
 digere, to digest]. Digestion of an organ by its 
 own secretion. 
 
 Autogenesis (aw-to-jen'-es-is) [auto-; ykv- 
 eotc, production}. Spontaneous generation; 
 self -production. 
 
 Autogenetic (aw-to-jen-ef -ik) [see Autogen- 
 esis]. Produced within the organism. 
 
 Autogenous (aw-to]' -en-us) [see Autogenesis]. 
 1. Pertaining to diseases or conditions self- 
 produced within the body and not derived 
 from external sources; applied to poisons 
 generated in the body by its inherent pro- 
 cesses. 2. Having a distinct center of devel- 
 opment, as parts of bones. A. Hemor- 
 rhage, hemorrhage due to causes residing 
 within the body; not traumatic. 
 
 Autogony (aw-tog'-o-ne) [auxoyovoc, self-pro- 
 duced]. The rise of the simplest protoplasmic 
 substance in a formative fluid. 
 
 Autographism (aw'-to-graf-izm) [auto-; fpacf)- 
 ecv, to write]. Dermographia. See Urticaria 
 factitia. 
 
 Autohypnotism (aw-to-hip' -not-izm) [auto-; 
 u-voc, sleep]. Mental stupor induced by dwell- 
 ing intensely upon some all-absorbing thought. 
 
 Auto immunization (aw-to-im-u-ni-za' -shun) 
 [aido-; immunization]. Immunization obtained 
 by natural processes at work within the body. 
 
 Autoinfection (aw-to-in-fek'-shun) [auto-; in- 
 fection]. Infection by virus originating 
 within the body or transferred from one part 
 of the body to another. 
 
 Autoinfusion (aw-to-in-fu'-shun) [auto-; in- 
 fundere, to pour in]. Compulsion of the 
 blood to the heart by bandaging the extrem- 
 ities, compression of the abdominal aorta, etc. 
 
 Autoinoculable (aw-to -in-ok f -u-la-bl) [auto-; 
 inoculare, to implant]. Capable of being in- 
 oculated upon the person already infected. 
 Chancroid is autoinoculable. 
 
 Autoinoculation (aw-to-in-ok-u-td'-shun) 
 
 [see Autoinoculable]. Inoculation in one part 
 of the body by virus present in another part; 
 self-inoculation. 
 
 Autointoxication (aw-to-in-toks-ik-a' -shun) 
 
AUTOISOLYSIN 
 
 120 
 
 AUTOTOXIN 
 
 [auto-; xo^cnbv, a poison]. Poisoning by 
 faulty metabolic products elaborated with- 
 in the body; autoinfection. A., Endo- 
 genous, that due to the action of excessive 
 unneutralized or modified discharges from 
 the cells of any tissue acting upon the other 
 tissues without previous discharge from the 
 body; or that due to the action of products 
 of decomposition and necrosis of any tissue 
 acting in a similar manner; or that due 
 to microendoparasites or macroendoparasites. 
 A., Exogenous, that due to the action of 
 poisons entering the system from without, 
 through the skin, the digestion, the respiratory 
 or genitourinary tract, as by the absorption 
 of retained excreta, or of decomposition- 
 and fermentation-products developed in the 
 external secretions through the action of 
 those secretions. A., Indirect, that caused 
 by the absorption of retained excrements. 
 
 Autoisolysin {aw-to-is-oV -is-in) [auto-; 'hoc, 
 equal; Xuacc, a loosing]. A serum which 
 dissolves the corpuscles of the individual 
 from which it was obtained and also 
 those of another individual of the same 
 species. 
 
 Autokinesis {aw -to -kins' -sis) [auto-; tdvt]ctc, 
 movement]. Voluntary movement. 
 
 Autokinetic {aw-to-kin-ef -ik) [see Autokinesis]. 
 Pertaining to, or of the nature of, auto- 
 kinesis. 
 
 Autolysin {aw!-to-li-sin) [auto-; Xuocg, a 
 loosing]. A lysin capable of dissolving the red 
 blood-corpuscles of the animal in the serum 
 of which it circulates. 
 
 Autolysis {aw-tol'-is-is) [see Autolysin]. i. 
 Self-digestion of inflammatory exudates and 
 necrotic material within the living body. 
 2. The chemic splitting-up of the tissue of an 
 organ by the action of an enzym peculiar 
 to it; described by Mathes as occurring in 
 the placenta. 3. The hemolytic action of the 
 blood-serum of an animal upon its own 
 corpuscles. 
 
 Automatic {aw -to -mat' -ik) [auxopiaxc^ecv, to act 
 spontaneously]. Performed without the in- 
 fluence of the will. 
 
 Automatism {aw-tom' -at-izm) [see Automatic]. 
 The performance of acts without apparent 
 volition, as seen in certain somnambulists 
 and in some hysteric and epileptic patients. 
 A., Epileptic. See Automatism. 
 
 Automaton {aw-tom' -at-on) [auxoptaxoc, spon- 
 taneous]. One who acts in an involuntary or 
 mechanic manner. 
 
 Autonomous {aw -ton' -om -us) [auto-; vbjioc, 
 law]. Self -ruled; independent. 
 
 Autonomy {aw -ton' -0 -me) [see Autonomous]. 
 Independence. 
 
 Autopepsia {aw-to-pep' -se-ah) [auto-; xbzxecv, 
 to digest]. Autodigestion. 
 
 Autophagia {aw-to-fa' -je-ah) [auto-; fyayftv, 
 to eat]. Self -consumption; emaciation. 
 
 Autophagy {aw-tof'-a-je). See Autophagia. 
 
 Autophobia (aw -to -fo' -be -ah) [auto-; cj>6fioc, fear]. 
 A morbid dread of one's self or of solitude. 
 
 Autophonous {aw-to}' -on-us) [auto-; (j>ojvq, 
 
 voice]. Having the character of autoph- 
 ony. 
 
 Autophony {aw-to}' -o-ne) [see Autophonous]. 
 1. The auscultation of the physician's own 
 voice through the patient's chest. 2. The 
 condition in which one's own voice appears 
 changed. It may be due to chronic inflam- 
 mation of the ear or to other causes. 
 
 Autophthalmoscopy {aw-to f-thal-mos'-ko-pe) 
 [auto-; 6(pdaX/x6c, the eye; okotze'iv, to see]. 
 Examination of one's own eye with the oph- 
 thalmoscope. 
 
 Autoplasty {aw'-to-plas-te) [auto-; Tilaoazcv, 
 to form]. A method of repairing the effects 
 of a wound or lesion involving loss of tissue by 
 grafting or implanting fresh parts taken from 
 other portions of the patient's body. 
 
 Autopsy {aw'-top-se) [auto-; oipcc, a see- 
 ing]. The postmortem examination. 
 
 Autopsy chorrhythmia {aw-to-si-kor-rith' -me- 
 an) [auto-; (pu^T), mind; pudp.dc, rhythm]. 
 A morbid rhythmic activity of the brain; it 
 is a symptom of grave insanity. 
 
 Autoscope {aw'-to-skop) [auto-; okotzcIv, to 
 see]. An instrument arranged for the exam- 
 ination of one's own organs by one's self. 
 
 Autoscopy {aw-tos' -ko-pe) [see Autoscope]. The 
 examination of one's own organs by means of 
 an autoscope. 
 
 Autosite {aw'-to-slt) [auto-; o'cxoc, food]. 1. 
 A monster capable of an independent ex- 
 istence after birth. 2. That member of a 
 double fetal monstrosity that nourishes itself 
 by its own organs and also the other member, 
 which is called the parasite. 
 
 Autositic {aw -to -sit' -ik) [see Autosite]. Of the 
 nature of an autosite. 
 
 Autosterilization {aw-to-ster-il-iz-a'-shun) [au- 
 to-; sterilization]. Sterilization effected by 
 the normal fluids of the body. 
 
 Autostethoscope {aw-to-steth' -o-skop) [auto-; 
 oxfjdoc, the breast; anone'iv, to examine]. 
 A stethoscope so arranged that by it one 
 may listen to his own chest-sounds. 
 
 Autosuggestion {aw-to-sug-jes' -chun) [auto-; 
 suggestio, an intimation]. A peculiar men- 
 tal condition," often developing after acci- 
 dents, especially railway accidents; it is inti- 
 mately associated with the hypnotic state. In 
 both of these conditions the mental spontan- 
 eity, the will, or the judgment is more or less 
 suppressed or obscured, and suggestions be- 
 come easy. Thus the slightest traumatic 
 action directed to any member may become 
 the occasion of a paralysis, of a contracture, 
 or of an arthralgia. Syn., Traumatic sug- 
 gestion. 
 
 Autotherapy {aw-to-iher' -a-pe) [auto-; Oepa- 
 Tieca, treatment]. The spontaneous or self- 
 cure of a disease. 
 
 Autotoxemia {aw-to-toks-e' -me-ah) [auto-; 
 to$(kov, a poison; alpa, blood]. Toxe- 
 mia from poisons derived from the organism 
 itself. 
 
 Autotoxin {aw-to-toks' -in) [auto-; xo^cubv, a 
 poison]. Any poisonous product of tissue- 
 metamorphosis. 
 
AUTOTRANSFUSION 
 
 121 
 
 AXILLARY 
 
 Autotransfusion {aw-to-trans-fu' -zhun) [auto-; 
 transfusio, a pouring-out or forth]. The 
 transfer of the blood to the brain and other 
 central organs by elevating the hips and legs 
 and by the use of elastic bandages compressing 
 the limbs. 
 
 Autotyphization (aw-to-ti-fiz-a' -shun) [auto-; 
 typhoid]. The production of a condition 
 resembling typhoid fever from faulty elimina- 
 tion of waste-material. 
 
 Autovaccination (aw-to-vaks-in-a' 'shun) [auto-; 
 vaccinare, to vaccinate]. The reinsertion of 
 fresh vaccine lymph upon the same person 
 from whom it is taken. 
 
 Autumn Catarrh. Synonym of Hay-fever, 
 since it occurs in August and the fall of the 
 year. 
 
 Autumnal {aw-tum' -nal) [autumn]. Pertaining 
 to the fall of the year. A. Fever. Synonym 
 of Typhoid fever. 
 
 Auxanography (awks-an-og' '-ra-fe) . A method 
 devised by Beyerinck for ascertaining the nu- 
 trient mediums suitable for a growing microbe. 
 Plate cultures of poor mediums {e.g., 10% 
 gelatin or 2 % agar in distilled water) are stip- 
 pled with drops of solutions the nutrient prop- 
 erties of which are to be tested. The species 
 of microbe under examination will then de- 
 velop strong colonies only on those spots 
 where the requisite pabulum is present. 
 
 Auxanometer (awks-an-om' -et-er) [au^avetv, to 
 grow; fxhpov, a measure]. An instrument used 
 in biologic study for measuring the growth of 
 young organisms. 
 
 Auxiliary (awks-iV -e-a-re) [auxilium]. r. Aid- 
 ing. 2. An adjuvant. Auxiliaries of Res- 
 piration, those muscles brought into action 
 in difficult respiration. 
 
 Auxilium (awks-iV -e-um) [L., "help"]. A 
 wheeled vehicle or ambulance with couch 
 and mattresses, for use in the service of field 
 military hospitals. 
 
 Auxometer {awks-om' -et-er) [au^ecv, to grow; 
 l±kxpov, a measure]. 1. A device for estimat- 
 ing the magnifying power of lenses. 2. See 
 Auxanometer. 3. A dynamometer. Syn., 
 Auxemeter; Auxenometer; Auxesimeter ; Aux- 
 iometer; Auzometer. 
 
 Ava-kava [ah-vah-kah' -vah) . See Kava-kava. 
 
 Avalanche Theory. Pfliiger's theory that 
 nerve-energy gathers intensity as it passes to- 
 ward the muscles. 
 
 Avalvular {ah-vaV -vu-lar) [a, priv.; valvula, 
 
 ■ a valve]. Lacking valves. 
 
 Avascular (ah-vas' '-ku-lar) [a, priv.; vas, a ves- 
 sel]. Without blood; not possessing blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Avellis* Symptom-complex. Paralysis of 
 one-half of the soft palate, associated with a 
 recurrent paralysis on the same side. 
 
 Avena {av-e'-nah) [L.]. A genus of plants. 
 Oats. Avenae farina, oatmeal. A. sativa, 
 the embryo of the seed of the common oat- 
 plant. It contains starch, gluten, a ferment 
 called diastase, and a small amount of alkaline 
 phosphates, and is a nutritious food. Dose of 
 the concentrated tincture or fiuidextract 10 
 
 min.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Cc). The pericarp con- 
 tains an alkaloid possessed of slight narcotic 
 powers. Unof. 
 
 Avenin {av-e'-nin) [avena]. 1. A precipi- 
 tate made from a tincture of Avena sativa, 
 or the oat. It is a nerve -stimulant and tonic. 
 Unof. 2. A nitrogenous principle obtained 
 from the oat, and nearly identical with legu- 
 min; the gluten-casein of oats. 
 
 Avenious, Avenous {ah-ve'-ne-us, ah-ve' -nus) 
 [a, priv.; vena, vein]. Lacking veins or 
 nerves. 
 
 Avenolith {av-en' -o-lith) [avena; X'cdoc, stone]. 
 An intestinal calculus formed around a grain 
 of oat. 
 
 Aversion (av-ur' -shun) [avertere, to turn aside]. 
 1. A turning aside, as in the displacement of 
 an organ or in metastasis. 2. Nausea. 
 
 Avogadro's Law. Equal volumes of all gases 
 and vapors, at like temperature and pressure, 
 contain an equal number of molecules. 
 
 Avoirdupois Weight (av -or -du- pots'). See 
 Weights and Measures. 
 
 Avulsio, Avulsion {av-id'-se-o, -shun) [avellere, 
 to tear away]. A tearing or wrenching away 
 of a part, as a polyp, a limb, etc. A. bulbi, 
 Avulsion of the Bulb, separation of the pu- 
 pil from its attachments in consequence of 
 complete or almost complete rupture of the 
 tendons of the optic muscles and nerves. 
 
 Axanthopsia (ah-zan-thop'-se-ah) [a, priv.; 
 £avdoc, yellow; bipcc, vision]. Yellow-blind- 
 ness. 
 
 Axenf eld's Test for Albumin in Urine. 
 Acidulate with formic acid and add, drop by 
 drop, a 0.1% solution of gold chlorid, and 
 warm. If albumin is present, the solution be- 
 comes red, then purplish, and on the addition 
 of more gold chlorid, blue. The blue color is 
 also produced by glucose, starch, tyrosin, uric 
 acid, urea, leucin, etc., but the red color is 
 characteristic of albumin. 
 
 Axial (aks'-e-al) [axis]. Pertaining to or sit- 
 uated in an axis. A. Current, the column 
 of red corpuscles which, by reason of the 
 weight of the cells, occupies the center or 
 axis of the blood-stream. A. Hyperopia. 
 See Hyperopia, Axial. A. Stream. See A. 
 Current. 
 
 Axilemma (aks-il-em'-ah) [axis; Aifi/Jia, husk; 
 skin]. An elastic sheath composed of neuro- 
 keratin, inclosing the axis-cylinder of medul- 
 lated nerve -fibers. 
 
 Axilla (aks-il'-ah) [L.]. The armpit. 
 
 Axillary (aks' -il-a-re) [axilla]. Pertaining to 
 the axilla. A. Artery, the continuation 
 of the subclavian artery, extending from the 
 lower border of the first rib to the insertion 
 of the pectoralis major muscle, where it 
 becomes the brachial. See under Artery. A. 
 Glands, the lymphatic glands in the axilla. 
 A. Plexus, the brachial plexus, formed by the 
 last three cervical and the first dorsal nerves. 
 A. Space, the irregular conic space of the 
 axilla. A. Vein, a continuation of the bra- 
 chial vein, corresponding with the artery and 
 terminating in the subclavian vein. 
 
AXIOPLASM 
 
 122 
 
 AZO-DYES 
 
 Axioplasm {aks' ' -e-o-plazm) [axis; nXaafia, a 
 thing molded]. Waldeyer's term for the 
 delicate stroma of reticular substance holding 
 together the fine fibrils of the axis-cylinders. 
 Syn., Neuroplasm. 
 
 Axis (aks' -is) [L., "axletree"]. i. An imag- 
 inary line passing through the center of a body. 
 2. The second cervical vertebra. 3. A short 
 artery which breaks up into several branches, 
 e. g., thyroid axis, celiac axis. See under Ar- 
 tery. A.,Basicranial, in craniometry, a line 
 drawn from the basion to the middle of the 
 anterior border of the cerebral surface of the 
 sphenoid bone. A., Basifacial, in crani- 
 ometry, a line drawn from the anterior border 
 of the cerebral surface of the sphenoid to the 
 alveolar point. A., Binauricular, in crani- 
 ometry, the imaginary line joining the two 
 auricular points. A., Brain, the isthmus. 
 A., Cerebrospinal, the central nervous system. 
 A. -cord. See Primitive Streak. A. -corpuscle. 
 See Corpuscle, Axile. A., Craniofacial, in 
 comparative anatomy the bones making the 
 floor of the cranial cavity. A. -cylinder, the 
 conducting or essential part of a nerve. 
 Syn., Axis-cylinder of Purkinje. A.-cylin- 
 der Process, that one of the protoplas- 
 mic processes of a nerve-cell which be- 
 comes an axis-cylinder. A., Electric, a 
 line connecting the two poles of an electric 
 body. A., Frontal (of the eye), an imaginary 
 line running through the eyeball from right to 
 left, and corresponding with the movements of 
 elevation and depression of the eyeball. A., 
 Hemal, the aorta. A., Magnetic, a line con- 
 necting the two poles of a magnet. A., Optic. 
 1. The line from the center of the cornea to 
 the macula lutea. 2. An imaginary line pass- 
 ing from the center of the eye-piece of a micro- 
 scope through the body, objective, stage, and 
 substage, to the mirror. A., Pelvic, an imag- 
 inary line passing through all the median ante- 
 roposterior diameters of the pelvic canal at 
 their centers. A., Sagittal (of the eye), an 
 imaginary line running through the eyeball 
 from before backward, and coinciding with 
 the line of vision. A. -traction, traction on 
 the fetus in the axis of the pelvis. A.- 
 traction Forceps, a forceps for performing 
 axis-traction. A. uteri. 1. The long diam- 
 eter of the uterus. 2. A line imagined to pass 
 transversely through the uterus near its junc- 
 tion with the cervix, on which it is said to turn 
 in retroversion. A., Visual, the line from the 
 object through the nodal point to the macula. 
 
 Axite {aks'-lt) [axis]. Gowers' name for the 
 terminal filaments of the axis-cylinder. 
 
 Axo- {aks-o-) [axis]. A prefix meaning axis. 
 
 Axodendrite {aks-o-den' -drlt) [axo-; devdpov, a 
 tree]. Lenhossek's term for a nonmedullated, 
 axopetally conducting side fibril on the axons, 
 as distinguished from a cytodendrite or one of 
 the true medullated, cellulifugal collaterals. 
 
 Axoid {aks r -oid) {axo-, stdoc, likeness]. 1. 
 Shaped like a pivot. 2. Relating to the 
 second cervical vertebra. 
 
 Axon, Axone (aks'-on) [axis]. 1. The body- 
 
 axis. 2. An unbranched nerve-cell pro- 
 cess of the second order. 3. The cerebro- 
 spinal axis. 4. Kolliker's term for neurite. 
 
 Axoneuron {aks-o -nu' -r on) [axo-; veupov, 
 nerve]. A neuron the cell-body (nerve-cell) of 
 which lies in the interior of the brain or the 
 spinal cord. The axoneurons are classified as 
 rhizoneurons and the endaxoneurons. 
 
 Axonometer (aks-o-nom' '-et-er) [axo-; jikrpov, 
 a measure]. 1. An instrument used for locat- 
 ing the axis of astigmatism. 2. An apparatus 
 for determining the axis of a cylinder. 
 
 Axungia {aks-un' -je-ah) [L.]. Fat; lard; 
 adeps. Axungiae lunae, a variety of calcium 
 carbonate. Axungiae vitri, salt of glass; a 
 scum forming on the surface of molten glass. 
 It is applied as a desiccative and detergent. 
 
 Ayapana, Ayapano. The South American 
 name for the leaves of the herb Eupatorium 
 triplinerve, of tropical America. It is stimu- 
 lant, diaphoretic, and tonic, and is used in 
 infusion externally for wounds and abscesses, 
 internally for gastric disorders, and is recom- 
 mended as a substitute for tea, coffee, and 
 cocoa. 
 
 Azalein (az-a f -le-in). Same as Rosanilin. 
 
 Azedarach {az-ed'-ar-ak) [Pers., azad, free; 
 dirakht, a tree]. Pride of China, the bark of 
 Melia azedarach, an Asiatic tree naturalized 
 in the southern United States. It occurs in 
 curved pieces or quills, having a sweetish 
 taste. A decoction, ^ oz. to 1 pint, is used 
 as an anthelmintic against the roundworm. 
 Dose §-1 oz. (15-30 Cc). Dose of the flu' 
 extract 1 dr. (4 Gm.) ; of the tincture, 1 to 
 |-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Azerin (az'-er-in) [a, priv.; $r)poc, dry]. A fer- j 
 ment analogous to ptyalin and found in the 
 digestive secretions of Drosera, Nepenthes, 
 and probably all other insectivorous plants. 
 
 Azoamyly {ah-zo-am! -il-e) [a, priv.; £tiov, ani- 
 mal; ap.uXov, starch]. The inability of the cell 
 (hepatic) to store up the normal amount of 
 glycogen. 
 
 Azobenzene (az-o-ben 1 '-zen) [azote, nitrogen; 
 benzene], C 12 H 10 N 2 . A compound formed by 
 the action of sodium amalgam upon the alco- 
 holic solution of nitrobenzene. It forms 
 orange-red, rhombic crystals, readily soluble 
 in alcohol and ether, but sparingly soluble in 
 water. It melts at 68° and distils at 293 . 
 
 Azobenzoid {az-o-ben' -zo-id) f An amorphous 
 white powder derived from oil of bitter 
 almonds by action of ammonia. 
 
 Azo-compounds. In chemistry, compounds 
 intermediate between the nitro-compounds 
 and the amido-compounds, and made from 
 the former by partial reduction, or from the 
 latter by partial oxidation. 
 
 Azo-dyes. A well-defined group of the coal- 
 tar colors, all containing the diatomic group 
 — N = N — , bound on either side to a benzene 
 radicle. They may be prepared by reduction 
 of the nitro-compounds in alkaline solutions, 
 or by acting on diazo-compounds with phe- 
 nols or amins of the aromatic series. The azo- 
 dyes are the amido-derivatives of simple azo- 
 
AZOIC 
 
 123 
 
 BACILLOL 
 
 compounds, and distinguished as amidoazo- 
 dyes and oxyazo-dyes. 
 
 Azoic (ah-zo'-ik)[d,-priv.; £<orj, life], i. Destitute 
 of living organisms. 2. Relating to nitrogen; 
 azotic; nitric. 
 
 Azolitmin {az-o-lif -min) [d, priv.; £(otj, life; 
 litmus], C 7 H 7 N0 4 . A deep blood-red coloring- 
 matter obtained from litmus. 
 
 Azomethane {az-o-meth-an'). Hydrocyanic 
 acid. 
 
 Azoospermia {ah-zo-o-sper' -me-ah) [d, priv.; 
 ^co-fj, life; oiikpiia, seed]. Absence of, or de- 
 ficient vitality of, the spermatozoa. 
 
 Azoresorcin (az-o-rez-or'-sin) [d, priv.; £&"?> 
 life; resorcinol], C 12 H 9 N0 4 . A derivative of re- 
 sorcinol, occurring as dark -red and greenish 
 crystals. 
 
 Azoresortmn (az-a-rez-o-ru'-fin), C^H^N^. 
 An amorphous reddish-brown powder or pris- 
 matic crystals obtained from azoresorcin by 
 action of sulfuric acid. With alkalis it gives a 
 cinnabar-red color and is a very sensitive re- 
 agent for alkalis. 
 
 Azote (az'-ot) [a, priv.; £&)7?, life]. A syn- 
 onym of Nitrogen. 
 
 Azotemia {az-o-te' -me-ah) [azote; alfxa, blood]. 
 The presence of nitrogenous compounds in 
 the blood; uremia. 
 
 Azotic Acid. Nitric acid. 
 
 Azotid (az'-o-tid). 1. Anitrid. 2. Anamidoramin. 
 
 Azotiodic {az-ot-i-o' -dik) . Containing nitrogen 
 and iodin. 
 
 Azotized (az'-ot-izd) [azote]. Nitrogenized; con- 
 taining nitrogen. 
 
 Azoturia {az-o-tu' -re-ah) [azote; oupov, urine]. 
 An increase of the urea and urates in the urine. 
 
 Azygos (az'-ig-os) [d, priv.; £u?-6u, a yoke]. 
 Applied to parts that are single, not in pairs. 
 A. uvulae, a small muscle of the uvula. A. 
 Vein, a vein connecting the superior and in- 
 ferior venae cavge. 
 
 Azygous {az'-ig-us) [see Azygos]. Not paired. 
 
 Azymia (ah-zi' -me-ah) [d, priv.; C^r?, a ^ er_ 
 ment]. Absence of ferment. 
 
 Azzle Teeth (az'-l) [E. dial., assal teeth]. A 
 name given to the molar teeth. 
 
 13 , The symbol of boron. 
 
 . The chemic symbol of barium. 
 
 _>abbitt Metal. See Antimony. 
 
 Babes-Ernst's Bodies. Bodies found in bac- 
 teria, especially those derived from animal 
 bodies or secretions; they are supposed to be 
 condensations of the enchromatic substances 
 of the bodies of bacteria. 
 
 Babinski's Phenomenon, B.'s Reflex. Ex- 
 tension, instead of flexion, of the toes on ex- 
 citing the sole of the foot; it is connected with 
 a lesion of the pyramidal tract, and is found in 
 organic, but not in hysteric, hemiplegia. Syn., 
 Phenomene des orteils. B.'s Sign, diminu- 
 tion or absence of the achilles tendon reflex in 
 true sciatica as distinguished from hysteric 
 sciatica. 
 
 Bablabs, Bablah {bab'-labz, -lah). The pods 
 of Acacia arabica and several other species; 
 they are used in coughs; the seeds contain 
 20 % of tannin. 
 
 Babool, Babul Bark (ba-booV). The astringent, 
 tonic bark of the babul tree, Acacia arabica, 
 of India. 
 
 Bacca (bak'-ka) [L.]. A berry. 
 
 Baccelli's Method. 1. In echinococcus cysts of 
 the liver: aspiration is done on several con- 
 secutive days, and washings made with a 
 1 : 1000 solution of mercury bichlorid and a 
 1:100 salt solution. 2. In tetanus: hypo- 
 dermatic injection of a solution of phenol. 
 B.'s Sign, aphonic pectoriloquy. The whis- 
 pered voice is transmitted through a serous, 
 but not through a purulent, pleuritic exudate. 
 
 Baccharis (bak'-ar-is) [fidKnapcc, a fragrant 
 herb]. A genus of composite trees. B. hali- 
 mifolia, the groundsel-tree, is a shrub of North 
 America. A decoction of the leaves and bark 
 is a popular demulcent and pectoral medicine. 
 B. pilularis, kidney plant, a native of the 
 Pacific coast of the United States, is used in 
 cystitis. 
 
 Bacciform {bak' -si-form) [bacca; forma, form]. 
 Berry -shaped. 
 
 Bach's Reagent for Hydrogen Dioxid. This 
 consists of two solutions: (a) 0.03 potassium 
 dichromate and 5 drops of anilin in 1 liter of 
 water; (b) 5 % oxalic acid solution. Shake 
 5 Cc. of the solution to be tested with 5 Cc. 
 of solution a and 1 drop of solution b ; in the 
 presence of hydrogen dioxid a violet-red color 
 results. 
 
 Bacillemia, Bacillaemia {bas-il-e' -me-ah) [ba- 
 cillus; alfia, blood]. The presence of bacilli 
 in the blood. 
 
 Bacilliform {bas-il r -if-orm) [bacillus; forma, 
 form]. Having the shape or appearance of a 
 bacillus. 
 
 Bacilliparous (bas-il-ip'-ar-us) [bacillus; pa- 
 rere, to produce]. Producing bacilli. 
 
 Bacillogenous ibas-il-oj' -en-us) [bacillus; gene- 
 rare, to beget]. Due to bacilli; producing 
 bacilli. 
 
 Bacillol {bas f -il-ol) . A coal-tar distillation- 
 product resembling lysol, its active property 
 being due to cresols, of which it contains 52 %. 
 It is an oily fluid, of faint alkaline reaction, 
 dark -brown color, and odor of pitch, readily 
 
BACILLOSIS 
 
 124 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 soluble in water, with sp. gr. of i.ioo, and bac- 
 tericidal in dilute solution. In veterinary 
 
 practice it is used in 2 % solution. 
 Bacillosis (bas-il-o'-sis) [bacillus]. The condi- 
 tion caused by infection with bacilli. 
 Bacilluria ibas-il-u' -re-ah) [bacillus; oupov, 
 
 urine]. The presence of bacilli in the urine. 
 Bacillus (bas-il'-us) [dim. of bacillum, a small 
 
 staff; pi., bacilli]. 1. A genus of the Schizo- 
 
 mycetes comprising the rod-shaped forms of 
 
 bacteria. 2. An individual of the genus Bacil- 
 lus. 3. A medicated rod or bougie. 4. Any 
 
 rod-like body, or, specifically, one of the retinal 
 
 rods. See Bacteria, Table of. 
 Back (bak) [ME., bak]. Dorsum; posterior 
 
 aspect. B. -airing, a term used in hygiene to 
 
 designate the admission of fresh air to traps by 
 
 means of a separate ventilating pipe of small 
 
 diameter. B.-rest, a cloth-covered frame 
 
 adjusted to any height by means of braces and 
 
 ratchets, designed to relieve bedridden patients. 
 Backset. A relapse of a disease. 
 Bacony Infiltration (ba'-kon-e in-fil-tra' -shun) . 
 
 Same as Amyloid Degeneration. 
 Bacteremia (bak-ter-e' -me-ah) [bacteria; al/ia, 
 
 blood]. The presence of bacteria in the blood. 
 Bacteria (bak-te' -re-ah). Plural of bacterium 
 
 (q. v.). 
 
 TABLE OF BACTERIA.* 
 
 Actinobacter polymorphus. See B. butyricus, 
 Prazmowski. Actinomyces bovis, Harz. 
 Syn., Cladothrix bovis; Cladothrix canis, 
 Rabe(?). Found in actinomycosis. Occurs 
 in grains the size of a poppy-seed; composed of 
 radiating threads. Stains with anilin dyes; 
 is not decolorized by Gram's method. Grows 
 on egg-albumen, gelatin, potato, and bouillon. 
 liqf., pg., chg. (sulfur-yellow). Anthrax 
 Bacillus. See B. anthracis. Arthrobac- 
 terium aceti, De Bary. See B. aceti. A. 
 chlorinum, De Bary. See B. chlorinus. A. 
 merismopoedioides, De Bary. See B. meris- 
 mopcedioides. A. pastorianum, De Bary. 
 See B. pasteurianus . A. viride, De Bary. 
 See B. viridis. A. zopfii. See B. zopfii. 
 Ascobacillus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. 
 Syn., Ascococcus citreus. On the skin, in cases 
 of eczema seborrhoicum. aer., liqf., mot., 
 chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. Ascobacterium 
 ulvina, Van Tieghem. Short rods occurring 
 in liquids containing decaying leguminous 
 seeds. Ascococcus billrothii, Cohn. Lob- 
 ulated masses, producing a viscous fermenta- 
 tion of saccharine fluids and evolving butyric 
 acid in solution of ammonium tartrate. A. 
 johnei, Cohn. See Microc. botryo genes. A. 
 mesenteroides, Cienkowski. See Leuco- 
 nostoc mesenteroides. A. vibrans, Van Tie- 
 ghem. Upon water containing Beggiatoa; 
 distinguished from A . billrothii by the whirling 
 
 * Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic. B. = bacillus. Bad. = bacterium, chg. = chromogenic. 
 Dip. = diplococcus. jacan-aer. = facultative anaerobic. Uq}. = liquefactive. Microc. = micrococcus, monom. 
 = monomorphic. mot. = motile. nliqf. = nonliquefactive. nmot. = nonmotile. npg. = nonpathogenic, obi. 
 = obligate, oscl. = oscillating. pg. = pathogenic. phos. = phosphorescent. pleom. = pleomorphic. 5. — 
 staphylococcus, sap. = saprophytic. sp. = spirillum. Str. = streptococcus. 
 
 and oscillating of the cells. Bacilli of Bu- 
 tyric-acid Fermentation. See B. butyricus, 
 Hueppe and Prazmowski. Syn., Bacilli buty- 
 licus, Fitz. B. of Fermentation of Carbo- 
 hydrates. See B. acidi lactici, Hueppe; B. 
 butyricus, Hueppe and Prazmowski; B. 
 butylicus, Fitz; B. dysodes, Zopf; B. poly- 
 mixa, Prazmowski. B. of Guillebeau (a, b, 
 c), obtained from milk of cows with mastitis; 
 give rise to a peculiar fermentation of cheese, 
 (a) aer., facanaer., mot., nliqf.; (b) aer., 
 facanaer., liqf., mot.; (c) aer., nliqf. Bacillus 
 aceti, Kiitzing, Sommer. Syn., Arthrobacte- 
 rium aceti, De Bary; Bacillus aceticus, Flugge; 
 Bacterium aceti, Lanzi; Micrococcus aceti; My- 
 coderma aceti, Pasteur; Ulvina aceti, Kiitzing. 
 Found in air and vinegar; common. Large 
 cylindric cells of varying size. Absorbs oxy- 
 gen from air and oxidizes alcohol to acetic acid; 
 produces vinegar; may, by further oxidation, 
 convert this into carbon dioxid and water. 
 aer., nliqf., mot., npg., pleom. B. aceticus, 
 Flugge. See B. aceti, Kiitzing. B. acidi - 
 formans, Sternberg. Obtained from the 
 liver of a yellow-fever cadaver, aer., fac- 
 anaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. acidi lactici, 
 Hueppe. Syn., Bacterium lactis, Lister. Found 
 in the air and in sour milk, aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., nmot., npg. B. actinobacter, Du- 
 claux. Syn., Actinobacter polymorphus. A 
 minute, capsulated bacillus, rendering milk 
 gelatinous and ropy, aer., nmot. See B. 
 butyricus, Prazmowski. B. aerogenes, I, 
 II, III, Miller. Syn., Bacterium aerogenes, 
 Miller ; Helicobacter ium aerogenes, Miller. 
 Three small bacilli from the alimentary tract 
 of healthy persons, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. 
 See B. lactis aerogenes, Escherich. B. aerog- 
 enes capsulatus, Welch and Nuttall. Found 
 in the blood-vessels in a case of thoracic an- 
 eurysm, anaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. B. aero- 
 philus, Liborius. Syn., Bacille aerophile, 
 Ft.; Bac illus aeruginosum. Obtained from the 
 air. aer., liqf., nmot., npg. See B. pyocya- 
 neus .a, Gessard. B. albuminis, Bienstock. 
 Found abundantly in feces. Decomposes 
 albumin, hence its name, aer., mot., npg. B. 
 albus, Becker, Eisenberg. The white bacil- 
 lus of water, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. B. albus 
 anaerobiescens, Vaughan. Found in water. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. B. albus 
 cadaveris, Strassmann and Strieker. Found 
 in blood of cadaver, aer., liqf., mot., pg. B. 
 albus putridis, De Bary. Found in water. 
 aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. allantoides, Klein. 
 Not sufficiently studied. B. allii, Griffiths. 
 Syn., Bacterium allii. Found on surface of de- 
 caying onions, aer., chg. (green), npg. B.alvei, 
 Cheshire and Cheyne. Syn., Bacillus preussii, 
 Ciesielski; Bacillus melittopthorus, Cohn; Bacil- 
 lus of foul brood. Obtained from bee larvas 
 infected with "foul brood." aer., facanaer., 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 125 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 B. acidiformans (X iooo). 
 
 B. capsulatus (X 1200). 
 
 ss 
 
 W 
 
 B. acidi lactici (X 1000). B. cavicida havaniensis (X 1000). 
 
 # 
 
 B. erysipelatos suis (X 1000). 
 
 B. gracilis cadaveris (X 1200). 
 
 B. cedematis maligni (X 1000). 
 
 B. anthracis (X 1200). 
 
 /^v 
 
 *& 
 
 B. circulans (X 1200). 
 
 m 
 
 B. crassus sputigenus (X 1200)- 
 
 f?4 
 
 **£ 
 
 B. granulosus (X 800). 
 Those without granules represent ab- 
 normal forms. 
 
 *• »» 
 
 B. havaniensis (X 1000). 
 
 B. arborescens (X 1200). B cuniculicida havaniensis (X 1200). B. of Hog Cholera (X 1000). 
 
 
 B. buccalis maximus (X 1000). B . cyanogenus (X 700). 
 
 4 
 
 B. buccalis minutus (X 1000). 
 
 ^ 
 
 B. of Dantec (X 1000). 
 
 B. butyricus (X 1000). 
 
 B. cadaveris (X 1000). 
 
 B. diffusus (X 1000). 
 B. diphtheriee (X 1000). 
 
 
 B. of influenza (X 1000). 
 
 **- 
 
 B. leprae (X 1200). 
 
 m 
 
 B. limosus (X 1000). 
 
 B. mallei (X 1200). 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 126 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 megaterium (X 1200). 
 
 <%) 
 
 B. scissus (X 1200). 
 
 B. thalassophilus (X 1000). 
 
 'M 
 
 B. mesentericus vulgatus (X 1200). 
 
 B. septicaemiae hemorrhagica? 
 (X 1200). 
 
 B. tuberculosis (X 1000). 
 
 B. neapolitanus (X 1000). 
 
 AfflfS 
 
 Nitrifying B. of Winogradsky 
 (X900). 
 
 B. of Symptomatic Anthrax 
 (X 1000). 
 
 B. typhi abdominalis (X 1200). 
 
 B. of Symptomatic Anthrax B. typhi abdominalis, showing flagelle 
 (flagellate form) (X 1000). (X 1200). 
 
 B. pneumoniae friedlanderi (X 1000). 
 
 m 
 
 B. prodigiosus (X 1000). 
 
 B. syphilidis (Lustgarten) (X 1000). B - ulna of Vignal (X 1000). 
 
 (S^ 
 
 B. vermicularis (X 1000). 
 
 B. subtilis (X 1200). 
 
 B. rhinoscleromatis (X 1400). 
 
 B. tetani (X 1200). 
 
 B. zopfii (various stages of growth) 
 (X 1000). 
 
 \v 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 127 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 liqf., mot., pg. Also pathogenic for mice and 
 guinea-pigs. Cf. B. of Canestrini. B. an- 
 aerobicus liquefaciens, Sternberg. Ob- 
 tained from contents of intestine of yellow-fever 
 cadaver, anaer., liqf., nmot. Pathogenesis not 
 determined. B. anthracis, Pollender and Da- 
 vaine. Syn., Bacterium anthracicum, Bollinger; 
 Bacterium anthracis, Zopf ; Bacterium carbun- 
 culare, Pollender, Brauell, Delafond, Davaine; 
 Mettalacter anthracis, Trevisan; Bacille du 
 charbon, Fr.; Milzbrand-bacillus, Ger. Found 
 in the blood of animals and persons infected 
 with anthrax, aer., facanaer., liqf., nmot., 
 pg. B. aquaticus liquefaciens, Pokrow- 
 sky. Found in river-water (Kura) and in hy- 
 drant-water (Tiflis). B. aquatilis, Frank- 
 land. Found in well-water in the chalk- 
 formations of Kent, Eng. aer., liqf., mot., 
 npg. B. aquatilis sulcatus, I, II, III, IV, 
 V, Weichselbaum. Found in hydrant-water 
 (Vienna), aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg.' 
 B. arborescens, Frankland. Found in 
 hydrant-water (London). B. argenteo- 
 phosphorescens, I, II, III, Katz. Ob- 
 tained respectively from sea-water, phospho- 
 rescent pieces of fish, and cuttlefish (Sydney, 
 N. S. W.). aer., nliqf., mot. (except II), 
 phos., npg. B. argenteophosphorescens 
 liquefaciens, Katz. Obtained from sea- 
 water near Sydney, N. S. W. aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., mot., phos., npg. B. aurantiacus, 
 Frankland. Found in well-water, aer., nliqf., 
 mot., chg. (orange), npg. B. aureus, Adam- 
 etz. Found in water; also on the skin in 
 cases of eczema seborrhoicum, Unna and Tom- 
 masoli. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (golden yellow). 
 B. "b," Vignal. See B. buccalis, Vignal. 
 B. "B," Hoffmann. Found in the larvas 
 of Liparis monastia. The cause of flacherie, 
 or "Schlafsucht." B. beriberi cus, Lacerda. 
 Syn., Micrococcus of Beriberi, Lacerda; Neis- 
 seria winkleri. Found by Lacerda, Pekel- 
 haring, and Winkler in the blood of persons 
 affected with beriberi. Negative results were 
 obtained by Eykmann and Sternberg. See 
 Beriberi. B. berolinensis indicus, Classen. 
 Found in water of the Spree, aer., nliqf., 
 mot., chg. (indigo-blue), npg. B. bienstockii, 
 Bienstock. Found in human feces, mot., 
 pg. B. botulinus, van Ermengem. Found 
 in poisonous meat. pg. B. brassicag, 
 Pommer. Found in infusions of cab- 
 bage-leaves, aer., facanaer., liqf., nmot., 
 npg. B . brunneus , Adametz and Weichmann. 
 Found in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., 
 npg. B. buccalis, Vignal. Syn., Bacillus ulna, 
 Vignal; Bacillus "a," Vignal; Bacillus "b" 
 Vignal; Bacillus' 1 /," Vignal; Bacillus "g," Vig- 
 nal; Bacillus "j," Vignal; Bacillus buccalis for- 
 tuitus, Vignal ; Bacillus buccalis minutus, Vignal ; 
 Leptothrix buccalis, Vignal. From the sali- 
 vary secretions of healthy persons, aer., 
 liqf., npg., chg. (golden yellow). B. buccalis 
 maximus, Miller. Found in the mouth of 
 man. Common. Biologic characters un- 
 determined. B. buccalis minutus, Vignal. 
 See B. buccalis, Vignal. B. butylicus, Fitz. 
 
 Syn., Bacille butylique, Fr. See B. butyricus, 
 Hueppe. B. butyricus, Botkin, Hueppe, 
 Prazmowski. Obtained from milk, hydrant- 
 water and well-water, old cheese, garden- 
 earth, dust, etc. Syn., Actinobacter polymorphus, 
 Duclaux; Amylobacter Clostridium, Trecul; Ba- 
 cillus actinobacter , Duclaux; Bacillus amylobac- 
 ter, Van Tieghem; Bacillus butylicus, Fitz; Bac- 
 terium navicula, Reinke and Berthold; Clostri- 
 dium butyricum, Prazmowski; Micrococcus amy- 
 lovorus, Burrill; Vibrione butyrique, Pasteur; 
 Bacillus of butyric-acid fermentation; Bacillus of 
 fire-blight; Bacillus of pear -blight; Micrococcus 
 of apple-blight; Micrococcus of pear -blight. One 
 of the most widely diffused forms, exceed- 
 ingly important and varied in its powers 
 of decomposition. It is typically anaerobic, 
 and the chief of all the ferments, giving rise to 
 butyric acid as a primary product. It plays 
 an important part in the human economy and 
 in the destruction of plant cellulose. Botkin 
 regards the form observed by him as distinct. 
 aer., anaer., liqf., mot., npg., pleom. B. bu- 
 tyri nuorescens, Lafar. Occurring in every 
 sample of natural butter examined. See 
 Bact. butyri colloideum, Lafar; B. melo- 
 chloros, Winkler and Schroter. B. butyri 
 viscosus, Lafar. Found in butter. aer., 
 nliqf., npg. B. cadaveris, Sternberg. Ob- 
 tained from yellow-fever cadavers. obi., 
 anaer. (strict), nmot., pg. B. caeruleus, 
 Smith. Found in river-water (Schuylkill). 
 aer., liqf., chg. (blue), npg. B. canalis cap- 
 sulatus, Mori. Found in sewer-water, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. (for mice; guinea- 
 pigs and rabbits immune). B. canalis par- 
 vus, Mori. Found in sewer-water, aer., 
 nliqf., nmot., pg. (for mice and guinea-pigs). 
 B. candicans, Frankland. Found in soil. 
 aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. B. capsulatus, 
 Pf eiff er . Obtained from the blood of a guinea- 
 pig, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. (for 
 white mice and house mice, guinea-pigs, rab- 
 bits, and pigeons (septicemia). B. capsu- 
 latus mucosus, Fasching. Found in the 
 nasal secretions of man in cases of influenza. 
 aer., facanaer., nmot., nliqf., pg. (for white 
 mice and field-mice), npg. (for rabbits and 
 pigeons). B. capsulatus smithii, a, b, c, 
 Theobald Smith. Syn., Capsule bacillus of 
 Smith. Found in the intestine of swine. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. According 
 to Smith, possibly identical with B. lactis aer- 
 ogenes, Escherich. B. carabiformis, Kac- 
 zynsky. Found in the stomach of meat-fed 
 dogs, aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. carotarum, 
 A. Koch. Obtained from cooked carrots and 
 sugar beets, aer., liqf., nmot., npg. B. cat- 
 enula, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix catenula. 
 Found in cheese, anaer. (will, however, 
 grow in air), nmot., npg. B. caucasicus, 
 Kern. Syn., Bacterium caucasicum; Dispora 
 caucasica, Kern. Used in the preparation of 
 the peculiar milk-wine, kephir. aer., fac- 
 anaer., nmot., npg. B. caviae fortuitus, 
 Sternberg. Found in exudates of guinea-pig 
 inoculated with liver from yellow-fever cada- 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 128 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 ver. aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. B. 
 cavicida, Brieger. See B. cavicidus, Brieger. 
 B. cavicida havaniensis, Sternberg. Ob- 
 tained from intestine of yellow-fever cadaver. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot. B. cavicidus, 
 Brieger. Syn., Bacillus cavicida; Brieger' s bacil- 
 lus. Obtained from Human feces, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., pg. (not for rabbits or mice). 
 Perhaps identical with B. neapolitanus, Em- 
 merich. B. chauvaei, Bollinger and Feser, 
 Arloing, Cornevin, and Thomas. Syn., Bacillus 
 of symptomatic anthrax; Bacille du charbon 
 symptomatique; Rauschbrandbacillus; Clos- 
 tridium of symptomatic anthrax, Neelsen and 
 Ehlers. Found in tissues of cattle suffering 
 from symptomatic anthrax, "black-leg," or 
 "quarter-evil." anaer., liqf., mot., pg. B. 
 chlorinus, Engelmann. Syn., Arthrobac- 
 terium chlorinum, De Bary; Bacterium 
 chlorinum, Engelmann. Found in infusions 
 of decaying vegetable matter, aer., sap., chg. 
 (green), npg. B. choleras asiaticae, Koch. See 
 Sp. cholera asiaticce, Koch. B. cholerae gal- 
 linarum, Fliigge. See B. septicemia hem- 
 orrhagica, Sternberg. B. chromoaromati- 
 cus, Galtier. Obtained from the carcass of 
 a diseased pig. aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., pg. 
 (for rabbits). B. circulans, Jordan. Found 
 in the water of Merrimac River, aer., fac- 
 anaer., liqf., mot., npg. B. citreus. See As- 
 cobacillus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. B. 
 citreus cadaveris, Strassmann. Found in 
 cadaver, aer., liqf., nmot., chg. (yellow). B. 
 claviformis, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix clavi- 
 formis, Duclaux. Found in fermenting 
 casein, anaer., pg. B. cloacae, Jordan. 
 One of the most common microbes in sewage. 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. B. coli com- 
 munis. See B. neapolitanus, Emmerich. 
 B. coli similis, Sternberg. Obtained from 
 human liver, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., 
 npg. B. constrictus, Zimmermann. Found 
 in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., chg. (cad- 
 mium yellow), npg. B. coprogenes fceti- 
 dus, Schottelius. Obtained from intestinal 
 contents of pigs dead of malignant erysipelas. 
 aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. coprogenes parvus. 
 Obtained from human feces, aer., nliqf., 
 nmot., pg. B. crassus, Van Tieghem. The 
 broadest known bacterium, 4 fi. mot., npg. 
 B. crassus sputigenus, Kreibohm. Syn., 
 Bacillus sputigenus crassus. From the sputum 
 and tongue of man. aer. , nliqf., nmot. ,pg. B. 
 crystallosus, B. cuneatus. Syn., Bacterium 
 cuneatum, Rivolta. Found in the blood and 
 viscera of horses, cattle, and dogs dead of sep- 
 tic processes, pg. B. cuniculicida, Koch. 
 See B. septicamia hamorrhagica, Sternberg. 
 B. cuniculicida havaniensis, Sternberg. 
 Found in viscera of yellow-fever cadavers. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. B. cuticularis, 
 Tils. Found in water, aer., liqf., mot., chg. 
 (yellow), npg. B. cyaneophosphorescens, 
 Katz. Obtained from sea-water (Australia). 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., phos., chg. (greenish), 
 npg. B. cyanofuscus, Beyerinck. Ob- 
 tained from glue and Edam cheese, aer., chg. 
 
 (green, changing to blue, brown, black), liqf., 
 mot., npg. B. cyanogenus, Fuchs, Hueppe, 
 Neelsen. Syn., Bacillus lactis cyanogenus; Bacil- 
 lus syncyanum; Bacterium cyanogenum, Fuchs; 
 Bacterium syncyanum, Ehrenberg, Schroter; 
 Vibrio cyanogenus, Fuchs; Vibrio syncyanus, 
 Ehrenberg; Bacillus of blue milk. Found in 
 milk, aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (grayish blue), 
 npg. B. cystiformis, Clado. Found in 
 urine of patient with cystitis, aer., nliqf., 
 mot., npg. B. delicatulus, Jordan. Found 
 in hydrant-water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., 
 liqf., mot., npg. B. denitrificans, Giltay and 
 Aberson. Obtained from the soil, air, and 
 sewage, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Cf. Bad. 
 denitrificans, Gayon and Dupetit. B. den- 
 talis viridans, Miller. Syn., Miller's bacillus. 
 Found in carious dentin. aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., pg. B. devorans, Zimmermann. 
 Found in well-water, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., 
 npg. B. diffusus, Frankland. Found in the 
 soil, aer., liqf., npg. B. diphtherias, Klebs and 
 Loffler. Syn., Bacillus diphtheritica; Bacillus 
 diphtherittdis; Micrococcus diphtheritica, 
 Cohn. Found in diphtheric false membranes. 
 aer., nliqf., nmot., facanaer., pg. B. diph- 
 therias columbarum, Loffler. From the 
 pseudomembranes in the mouths of pigeons in- 
 fected with pigeon diphtheria, aer., nliqf., 
 nmot., pg. B. diphtherias vitulorum, Loffler. 
 From the pseudomembranes in the mouths of 
 calves infected with epidemic diphtheria; cul- 
 ture experiments unsuccessful, pg. Rabbits 
 and guinea-pigs immune. B. diphtheriticus, 
 B. diphtheritidis, B. diphtheritis. See B. 
 diphtheria, Klebs and Loffler. B. distortus, 
 Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix distortus. Found 
 in milk and cheese, aer., mot., npg. B. dys- 
 enterias, Chantemesse and Widal. Found in 
 the intestinal contents and viscera of dysen- 
 tery cadavers, aer., nliqf., pg. B. dysen- 
 teries, Shiga. Found in the feces of infants 
 suffering from summer diarrhea. B. dysodes, 
 Zopf. Syn., Bacterium dysodes. Found in yeast, 
 inducing fermentative changes in bread, caus- 
 ing it to smell disagreeably and to become 
 greasy and unfit for use. B. Emmerich. See 
 B. neapolitanus, Emmerich. B. emphysema- 
 tis vaginas, Lindenthal. pg. Found in cases 
 of cystic hyperplasia of the vagina. B. endo- 
 carditidis capsulatus, Weichselbaum. From 
 viscera of man who died of endocarditis with 
 thrombi, aer., nliqf., pg. B. endocarditidis 
 griseus, Weichselbaum. From the heart in 
 a case of endocarditis recurrens ulcerosa, aer., 
 nliqf., mot., pg. B. enteritidis, Gartner. 
 Obtained from the tissues of a cow killed on 
 account of sickness attended with mucous diar- 
 rhea, and from the spleen of a man who died 
 shortly after eating of the flesh of this cow. 
 aer. nliqf., mot., pg. Dogs, cats, chickens, 
 and sparrows are immune. B. epidermidis, 
 Bizzozero. Syn., Leptothrix epidermidis; 
 Microsporon minutissimum, Burchardt. From 
 the epidermis between the toes. aer. nliqf., 
 npg. B. epidermidis, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. 
 See B. of Scheurlen, B., Epsilon, von Miller. 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 129 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 See Sp. finkleri. B. erysipelatos leporis, 
 Koch. Bacillus of erysipelas in the rabbit. 
 Found in the erysipelatous inflammation in a 
 rabbit's ear caused by the injection of mouse's 
 dung. B. erysipelatos suis, Koch, Loffler, 
 Schutz, Pasteur. Syn., Bacillus erysipelatos ma- 
 lignwrn; Bacillus minimus; Bacillus murisepti- 
 cus, Fliigge; Bacillus septicus, Koch; Bacillus of 
 mouse septicemia; Bacillus of hog erysipelas. 
 First obtained by Koch by injecting putrefying 
 flesh beneath the skin of mice, afterward by 
 Loffler and Schutz from carcasses of swine 
 dead of "rothlauf." aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. 
 B. erythrosporus, Eidam, Cohn, and Miflet. 
 Found in putrefying albuminous fluids, water, 
 etc. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (greenish yellow, 
 fluorescent), npg. B. ethaceticus, Frank- 
 land. Cause of fermentation of arabinose. 
 B. ex pneumoenteritide suis, E. Klein, 
 ' Schutz, Salmon, Cornil, Chantemesse, Selan- 
 der. Bacillus of hog cholera. Found in the 
 intestinal contents, blood, and viscera of 
 swine dead of hog cholera, aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., mot., pg. B. "f," Vignal. See B. 
 buccalis, Vignal. B. facultatus, Sade- 
 bach and E. Frankel. Found in nonmalig- 
 nant pharyngeal mycosis. B. figurans, 
 Crookshank. See B. mesentericus vulgatus. 
 B. figurans, Vaughan. Found in water. 
 aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. filiformis, Duclaux. 
 Syn., Tyrothrix filiformis. Found in cheese 
 and milk, aer., mot., npg. B. filiformis, 
 Tils. Found in water, aer., liqf., oscl., npg. 
 B. filiformis havaniensis, Sternberg. 
 From the liver of a yellow-fever cadaver. 
 anaer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. B. fitzi- 
 anus, Zopf. See B. subtilis, Cohn. B. 
 flavescens, Pohl. Found in swamp-water. 
 aer., nliqf., chg. (yellow). B. flavocoria- 
 ceus, Eisenberg. Syn., Sulfur -yellow bacil- 
 lus, Adametz. Found in water, aer., nliqf., 
 nmot., chg. (sulfur yellow), npg. B. flavus, 
 Mace. Found in drinking-water, aer., liqf., 
 chg. (golden yellow), nmot. B. fluorescens 
 aureus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant- 
 water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., mot., chg. 
 (ocher yellow), npg. B. fluorescens lique- 
 faciens, Fliigge. Common in water and 
 putrefying infusions, aer., liqf., mot., chg. 
 (greenish yellow), npg. Cf. B. viscosus, 
 Frankland. B. fluorescens longus, Zimmer- 
 mann. Found in hydrant-water (Chemnitz). 
 aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (grayish yellow), npg. 
 B. fluorescens minutissimus, Unna and 
 Tommasoli. Found upon skin in cases of 
 eczema seborrhoicum. aer., facanaer., liqf., 
 mot., chg. (greenish yellow), npg. Pos- 
 sibly identical with the preceding species 
 B. fluorescens nivalis, Schmolck. Syn., 
 Bacillus nivalis; Glacier bacillus. Found in 
 snow and ice water from Norwegian glaciers. 
 aer., liqf., mot., chg. (bluish green), npg. B. 
 fluorescens nonliquefaciens, Schiller, B. 
 fluorescens putidus, Fliigge. Found in 
 water, aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (greenish), npg. 
 B. fluorescens tenuis, Zimmermann. Found 
 in hydrant -water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf. 
 10 
 
 nmot., chg. (greenish yellow), npg. B. foeti- 
 dus, Liborius. Syn., Bacterium fcetidum; Clos- 
 tridium fcetidum, Liborius. Obtained from 
 soil, anaer., liqf., mot. B. fcetidus, Passet. 
 Syn., Bacterium fcetidum, Thin; Clostridium fce- 
 tidum, Liborius; Corpuscles brillants. Found 
 in cases of fetid sweating feet, in the exudations 
 of mice inoculated with garden-earth, and in 
 cases of malignant edema, anaer., liqf., mot., 
 npg. B. fcetidus lactis, Jensen. Found 
 in milk, aer., nliqf., npg. Resembles B. 
 neapolitanus, Emmerich. B. fcetidus ozaenae, 
 Hajek. Obtained from nasal secretions of 
 patients with ozena, aer., facanaer., liqf., 
 mot., pg. B. fulvus, Zimmermann. Found 
 in hydrant-water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf., 
 nmot., chg. (gamboge yellow), npg. B. fus- 
 cus. Obtained from a putrefying infusion of 
 maize, from the air, etc. Cf. Bad. brunneum, 
 Schroter. B. fuscus limbatus, Scheiben- 
 zuber. Obtained from rotten eggs, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., mot., chg. (brown), npg. B. 
 gallinarum, Klein. Found in blood of 
 chickens dead from a disease resembling 
 chicken cholera, aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. 
 gasoformans, Eisenberg. Found in water. 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. B. gaytoni, 
 Cheshire. The cause of a disease of honey- 
 bees. Cf. B. alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. 
 B. geniculatus, De Bary. Syn., Tyrothrix 
 geniculatus, Duclaux; Bacterium en zigzag, Fr. 
 Found in the contents of the stomach, aer., 
 nliqf., mot., npg. B. gingivae, Miller. B. 
 gingivae pyogenes, Miller. Found in a filthy 
 mouth and in purulent dental pulp, aer., 
 facanaer., liqf., pg. (for white mice, guinea- 
 pigs, and rabbits). B. glaucus, Maschek. 
 Found in water, aer., liqf., nmot., chg. (gray), 
 npg. B. gliscrogenus. See Bad. gliscroge- 
 num, Malerba. B. glycerinae, Buchner. 
 See B. subtilis, Cohn. B. gracilis, Zimmer- 
 mann. Found in hydrant-water (Chem- 
 nitz), aer., facanaer., liqf., oscl., npg. B. 
 gracilis anaerobiescens, Vaughan. Found 
 in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. 
 B. gracilis cadaveris, Sternberg. Obtained 
 from human liver, aer., facanaer., nmot., 
 nliqf., pg. B. granulosus, Russell. Found 
 in mud (Bay of Naples), aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., nmot. Pathogenesis not determined. 
 B. graveolens, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Found 
 on epidermis between the toes of man. aer., 
 liqf., npg. B. guttatus, Zimmermann. 
 Found in hydrant-water (Chemnitz), aer., 
 facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. B. halophilus, 
 Russell. Obtained from water and mud (Bay 
 of Naples), aer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis 
 not determined. B. hansenii, Raspmussen. 
 Found in various nutrient liquids, aer., mot., 
 chg. (chrome yellow to yellowish brown). B. 
 havaniensis, Sternberg. See Microc. ha- 
 vaniensis ( ?), Sternberg. B. havaniensis 
 liquefaciens, Sternberg. Obtained from the 
 surface of the body of patients in the hos- 
 pital at Havana, aer., nliqf., chg. (blood-red). 
 B. helvolus, Zimmermann. Found in hy- 
 drant-water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf., mot. 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 130 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 (rotary only), chg. (Naples yellow), npg. B. 
 hemittecrobiophilus, Arloing. Found in a 
 caseous lymphatic gland of a guinea-pig. aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. B. hepaticus 
 fortuitus, Sternberg. Obtained from the 
 exudations of a guinea-pig inoculated with 
 liver from a yellow-fever patient, aer., nliqf., 
 mot., npg. B. hessii, Guillebeau. See Bad. 
 hessii. B. hominis capsulatus, Bordoni- 
 Uffreduzzi. Syn., Proteus capsulatus septicus, 
 Banti; Proteus homini capsulatus, Bordoni- 
 Uff reduzzi ; Bacillus of rag-pickers' disease. Ob- 
 tained from persons dead from rag-pickers' 
 disease, aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. hya- 
 cinthi septicus, Heinz. Found in diseased 
 hyacinths, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. 
 Cf. Bad. hyacinthi, Wakker. B. hyalinus, 
 Jordan. Found in hydrant-water (Lawrence, 
 Mass.). aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., npg. 
 Reduces nitrates rapidly. B. hydrophilus 
 fusctis, Sanarelli. From the lymph of dis- 
 eased frogs, aer., liqf., mot., pg. B. im- 
 plexus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant- 
 water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. 
 incanus, Pohl. Found in swamp-water. 
 aer., liqf., mot. Not sufficiently studied. B. 
 indicus, Koch. Syn., Bacillus indicus ruber, 
 Koch; Micrococcus indicus, Koch. Found in 
 the intestinal contents of a monkey, aer., fa- 
 canaer., liqf., mot., chg. (brick-red),^, (for. 
 rabbits). B. indigoferus, Classen. Found 
 in river-water (Spree), aer., nliqf., mot., chg. 
 (deep indigo-blue), npg. B. indigogenus, 
 Alvarez. Found in an infusion of the leaves 
 of the indigo plant {Indigofera tindoria). aer., 
 mot., chg. (indigo-blue), pg. B. inflatus, A. 
 Koch. Obtained from the air. aer., liqf., 
 mot., npg. B. influenzae. See B. of Influenza. 
 B. intestinus motilis, Sternberg. From the 
 intestinal contents of yellow-fever cadavers. 
 aer., facanaer,, nliqf., mot., npg. B. inunctus, 
 Pohl. Found in swamp-water, aer., fac- 
 anaer., nliqf., mot. Pathogenesis not deter- 
 mined. B. invisibilis, Vaughan. Found in 
 water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. B. 
 iodococcus vaginatus, Miller. See Iodo- 
 coccus vaginatus. B. iris, Frick. aer., nliqf. 
 nmot. (green), npg. B. janthinus, Zopf. Syn., 
 Bacterium janthinus, Zopf. Violet bacillus 
 found in sewage (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., 
 liqf., mot., chg. (bluish violet), npg. B. kleb- 
 sii. See B. syphilidis, Lustgarten. B. lac- 
 ticus, Pasteur. See B. acidi ladici, Hueppe. 
 B. lactis aerogenes, Escherich and Abelous. 
 Syn., Bacillus aerogenes; Bacillus capsulatus, 
 Smith; Bacterium lactis aerogenes, Escher- 
 ich. Found in the stomach and intestine of 
 healthy adults, aer.,, facanaer., nliqf., npg. 
 B. lactis albus, Loffler. Found in milk, aer., 
 liqf., mot., npg. B. lactis cyanogenus. See 
 B. cyanogenus, Hueppe. B. lactis erythro- 
 genes, Hueppe and Baginsky. Syn., Bacillus 
 of red milk. Found in milk and the feces of a 
 child, aer., liqf., nmot., chg. (yellow and red), 
 npg. B. lactis pituitosi, Loffler. Syn., Ba- 
 cillus lactis viscosus, Adametz. Found in milk. 
 aer., nliqf., npg. B. lactis viscosus, Ad- 
 
 ametz. Found in ropy milk, aer., nliqf., nmot., 
 npg. Capsulated. B. latericeus, Eisenberg. 
 Found in water, aer., nliqf., nmot., chg. (brick- 
 red), npg. B.leiodermos, Loffler. Syn., Ba- 
 cillus liodermos, Fliigge. Found in water and 
 milk. B. leporis lethalis, Gibier and Stern- 
 berg. From the intestinal contents of yellow- 
 fever patients, aer., liqf., mot., pg. B. lepras, 
 Armauer and Hansen. Found in leprous tuber- 
 cles. Cannot be cultivated in ordinary medi- 
 ums. Specific pathogenesis settled by inocula- 
 tion of a condemned criminal. B. leptosporus, 
 L. Klein. Obtained from the air. aer., mot., 
 npg. B. lethalis, Babes. Syn., Proteus 
 lethalis. Obtained from spleen and lung of 
 patient dead of septicemia, aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., mot., pg. B. limbatus acidi lactici, 
 Marpmann. Found in cow's milk, aer., 
 nliqf., nmot., npg. B. limosus, Russell. 
 Obtained from mud (Bay of Naples), aer., 
 liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. B. 
 lineola. See Bad. lineola, Cohn. B. lioder- 
 mos, Fliigge. See B. leiodermos, Loffler. B. 
 liquefaciens, Eisenberg. Found in water. 
 aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. liquefaciens bovis, 
 Arloing. Syn., Pneumobacillus liquefaciens 
 bovis. From the lungs of a diseased ox. aer., 
 facanaer., liqf., nmot., pg. B. liquefaciens 
 communis, Sternberg. Obtained from the 
 feces of yellow-fever patients, aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., mot., npg. B. liquefaciens magnus, 
 Liideritz. Found in the exudates of mice in- 
 oculated with garden-earth, anaer., liqf., mot., 
 npg. B. liquefaciens parvus, Liideritz. 
 Source same as last, anaer., liqf., nmot., npg. 
 B. liquidus, Frankland. Found in river- 
 water (Thames). Common, aer., liqf., mot., 
 npg. B. litoralis, Russell. Obtained from 
 mud (Bay of Naples), aer., facanaer., liqf., 
 mot. Pathogenesis not determined. B. liv- 
 idus, Plagge and Proskauer. Found in 
 hydrant-water (Berlin), aer., facanaer., liqf., 
 mot., chg. (brick-red), npg. B. lucens, Van 
 Tieghem. Syn., Bacterium lucens, Van Tieg- 
 hem. Found on the surface of water, aer., 
 nmot. Brilliant. B.luteus, Fliigge. Syn., Bac- 
 terium luteum. Found in superficial layers of 
 gelatin plate culture, aer., nmot., nliqf., chg. 
 (yellow), npg. B. luteus suis, Salmon and 
 Smith. Found in the perivisceral fluids of 
 swine, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (yellow red). 
 Smells like glue. B. lyssae, Pasteur. Syn., 
 Coccobaderium lyssce, Rivolta; Lissophyton 
 suspedum, Hallier. Cf. Bad. septicum sputi- 
 genum, Frankel. Found in saliva of hydro- 
 phobic patients and animals. Cf. B. 
 septicus sputige-yus, Fliigge. B. maidis, 
 Cuboni. From macerated corn and the feces 
 of pellagra patients, aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. 
 malandriae, Israel. See B. mallei, Loffler. 
 B. malariae, Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli. 
 Bacillus of the blood. Obtained from the soil 
 and air of the Campagna, from swamps, from 
 the blood of malarial patients, etc. Patho- 
 genesis disputed. B. mallei, Loffler. Syn., 
 Bacillus malandrice, Israel. Found in the nasal 
 discharges, nodules, etc., of animals with glan- 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 131 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 ders. aer., facanaer., mot. (strictly parasitic), 
 pg. (proved by inoculation). B. martinez, 
 Sternberg. Obtained from the liver of a 
 yellow-fever cadaver, aer., facanaer., nliqf., 
 nmot., npg. B. megatherium, De Bary. 
 Found on the leaves of boiled cabbage, aer., 
 liqf., mot., npg. B. melittopthorus. See 
 B. alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. B. melo- 
 chloros, Winkler and Schroter. Syn., Bacillus 
 butyri fluorescens, Lafar. Obtained from the 
 dejections of the larva in a wormy apple, aer., 
 liqf., mot., dig. (emerald green), pg. (for rab- 
 bits). B. membranaceus amethystinus, 
 Eisenberg. Found in well-water (Spalato). 
 aer., liqf., nmot., chg. (dark violet), npg. B. 
 meningitidis purulentae, Naumann and 
 Schaffer. Obtained from pus taken from be- 
 neath the pia mater in a person dead of puru- 
 lent meningitis, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., 
 pg. B. merismopoedioides, Zopf. Syn., Ar- 
 throbacterium or Bacterium merismopazdioid.es, 
 De Bary. Obtained from sewage mud; the 
 type of the socalled "tablet-cocci." B. mes- 
 entericus fuscus, Flugge. Potato bacil- 
 lus. Obtained from the air, hay-dust, water, 
 etc. Common, aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. 
 mesentericus ruber, Globig. Potato bacil- 
 lus. Found upon potatoes, aer., liqf., mot., 
 chg. (reddish yellow or pink), npg. B. mes- 
 entericus vulgatus, Flugge. Syn., Bacillus 
 figurans, Crookshank; Proteus vidgaris. 
 Potato bacillus. Common. Found in pota- 
 toes, water, milk, intestinal contents of man, 
 etc. aer., liqf., npg. B. miniaceus. See 
 B. ruber. B. minimus, Klebs. See B. ery- 
 sipelatos stds, Koch, etc. B. mirabilis, 
 Hauser. Syn., Proteus mirabilis. Obtained 
 from decaying animal matter, aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., mot., pg. B. mollusci, Domenico. 
 Found in molluscum contagiosum; resembles 
 somewhat B. leprae and B. malarice. Patho- 
 genesis disputed, the disease being attributed 
 by some to psorosperms. B. multipedicu- 
 losus, Flugge. Found in air and water, aer., 
 nliqf., nmot., npg. B. murisepticus, Flugge. 
 See B. erysipelatos suis, Koch. B. muri- 
 septicus pleomorphus, Karlinski Found 
 in purulent uterine discharges, aer., fac- 
 anaer., liqf., mot., pg. Probably identical 
 with Proteus vulgaris, Hauser. B. mus- 
 coides, Liborius. Found in soil, old cheese, 
 cow-dung, etc. anaer., nliqf., mot., npg. B. 
 mycoides, Fliigge. Common in soil and 
 water, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. B. mycoides 
 roseus, Scholl. Found in the soil, aer., liqf., 
 chg. (red), npg. B. neapolitanus, Emmerich. 
 Syn. , Bacillus coli communis; Bacterium coli com- 
 mune, Escherich; Bacterium neapolitanum; Co- 
 lon bacillus of Escherich; Bacillus of Booker, " a " 
 to "n." -A normal inhabitant of the intestine 
 of man; resembles the bacillus of typhoid fever, 
 differing from it in producing gas, coagulat- 
 ing milk, forming lactic acid in mediums con- 
 taining lactose or glucose, in producing indol, 
 in being nonmotile, and in giving a visible 
 growth on potato. It is the cause of, certain 
 forms of suppuration in the peritoneum, liver, 
 
 pelvis of kidney, urethra, etc. aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., nmot., pg. B. necrophorus, Loftier. 
 Obtained from rabbits after inoculation in the 
 anterior chamber of the eye with portions of 
 condyloma, aer., facanaer., nliqf., pleom., 
 pg. B. nodosus parvus, Lustgarten. From 
 the healthy urethra of man. aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., nmot., npg. B. cedematis aerobicus, 
 Klein. A bacillus of malignant edema. 
 Found in the exudates of guinea-pigs after in- 
 oculating with garden-earth, aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., mot., pg. B. cedematis maligni, Koch. 
 Syn., Bacillus azdematis, Koch; Bacillus septicus, 
 Pasteur; Bacillus of gangrene; Bacillus of gan- 
 grenous septicemia; Pink bacillus of spread- 
 ing edema, A. B. Harris. A widely scattered 
 species, obtained from surface-soil, dust, pu- 
 trefying matter, foul water, etc., and from the 
 exudates produced by inoculating animals 
 with garden-earth, anaer., liqf., mot., pg. 
 B. of Afanassiew. See B. tussis convulsive. 
 B. of Albuminous Decomposition. See 
 B. putrificus coli. B. of Allantiasis, Muller, 
 Hoppe-Seyler. See also Sarcina botidina, 
 Van den Corput. Cf. B. of Choleraic Diarrhea 
 from Meat-poisoning, Klein. Found in poi- 
 sonous sausages, particularly in "Blunzen." 
 aer., liqf., pg. B. of Alopecia areata, 
 Kasauli. Found attached to the hairs from 
 the diseased patches; easily cultivated. See 
 Microc. of Alopecia areata and Microc. arei 
 celsii. B. of Babes and Oprescu. Ob- 
 tained from a case presenting symptoms of 
 typhus fever, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. 
 B. of Belfanti and Pascarola. Syn., Impf- 
 tetanusbacillus, Ger. From the pus of 
 wounds in a person dead of tetanus, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. of Beriberi, 
 Eykmann. See B. beribericus, Lacerda. 
 B. of Blue Milk. See B. cyanogenus, 
 Hueppe. B. of Blue Pus. See B. pyo- 
 cyaneus a, .Gessard. B. of Booker, a to n. 
 Found in alvine discharges of children suffer- 
 ing from cholera infantum ; probably varieties 
 of B. neapolitanus, Emmerich. B. of Bovet. 
 Obtained from the intestine of a woman dead 
 of acute choleraic enteritis, aer., nliqf., mot., 
 pg. B.ofBraxy. See B. anthracis, Pollender 
 and Davaine. B. of Bronchitis, Lumnitzer. 
 Syn., Bacillus of Lumnitzer. From the bron- 
 chial secretions in cases of putrid bronchitis. 
 aer., mot. Cf. Microc. of Bronchitis, Picchini. 
 B. of Butyric-acid Fermentation. See B. 
 butyricus, Prazmowski. B. of Canestrini. 
 Found in larvas and bees suffering from a 
 malady common among bees in certain parts 
 of Italy, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (pink), pg. 
 B. of Canon and Pielicke. See B. of 
 Measles. B. of Carcinoma, Rappin and 
 Scheurlen and Domingo Freire. See B. of 
 Scheurlen. B. of Cattle Plague, Metchni- 
 koff. See B. septicemia hemorrhagica, 
 Sternberg. B. of Cazal and Vaillard. Ob- 
 tained from cheesy nodules upon the perito- 
 neum and in the pancreas, aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., mot., pg. B. of Chancroid, Ducrey. 
 Found in pustules developed upon the arm 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 132 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 from the inoculation of chancroidal virus; 
 does not grow in artificial cultures. Cf. 
 Microc. ulceris mollis. B. of Cheese. See 
 Sp. tyrogenum, Denecke. B. of Chicken 
 Cholera. See B. septicemia hemorrhagica, 
 Sternberg. B. of Cholera. See Sp. cholera 
 asiatica, Koch. B. of Cholera in Ducks, 
 Cornil and Toupet. Obtained from the 
 blood of ducks that had died of an epidemic 
 disease characterized by choleraic symptoms. 
 aer., nliqf., nmoL, pg. (for ducks, but not for 
 chickens or pigeons). B. of Choleraic Diar- 
 rhea from Meat-poisoning, Klein. Found 
 in the blood and feces of persons poisoned with 
 tainted meat. Cf. B. of Allantiasis, Miiller 
 and Hoppe-Seyler. B. of Chyluria, Wilson. 
 Found in the coagulum of chylous urine, aer., 
 facanaer., mot. B. of Colomiatti. Obtained 
 from cases of conjunctivitis and xerotic masses 
 in the eye. aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. Cf. B. of 
 Xerosis epithelialis conjunctiva, Leber. B. of 
 Conjunctival Catarrh, Koch. Syn., Bacillus 
 of conjunctivitis; Bacillus oj pink eye, Weeks. 
 aer., nliqf., pg. Resembles B. xerosis. B. of 
 Dantec. Syn., Bacille du rouge de morue, 
 Fr. Obtained from salted codfish, to which 
 it gives a red color, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (red), 
 npg. B. of Davaine's Septicemia. See 
 B. septicamia hemorrhagica, Sternberg. B. 
 of Demme. Obtained from the contents of 
 tumors and pustules and from the blood of 
 patients suffering from erythema nodosum. 
 aer., facanaer. (?), nliqf., pg. (for guinea-pigs; 
 rabbits, dogs, and goats refractory). B. of 
 Diphtheria in Calves. See B. diphtheria 
 vitulorum, Loffier. B. of Diphtheria in 
 Doves. See B. diphtheria columbarum, 
 Loffier. B. of Diphtheria in Man. See B. 
 diphtheria, Klebs and Loffier. B. of Doder- 
 lein. See B. vaginalis, Doderlein. B. of 
 Egyptian Catarrhal Conjunctivitis. See 
 B. of Kartulis. B. of Endocarditis. See 
 B. pyogenes fatidus, Frankel and Saenger. 
 B. of Erysipelas in the Rabbit, Koch. See 
 B. erysipelatos leporis, Koch. B. of False Hog 
 Cholera. See B. parvus ovatus, Loffier. B. 
 of False Tuberculosis in Rabbits. See B. 
 of Pseudotuberculosis in Rabbits, Malassez and 
 Vignal. B. of Fiocca. Found in the saliva 
 of cats and dogs, aer., facanaer., nliqf., 
 nmot., pg. (for rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats, mice). 
 B. of Foot-sweat. See B. fatidus, B. saprog- 
 enes, II, and B. graveolens. B. of Foul 
 Brood of Bees. See B. alvei, Cheshire and 
 Cheyne. B. of Fowl Cholera. See B. 
 septicamia hamorrhagica, Sternberg. B. 
 of Friedlander. See B. pneumonia 
 friedldnderi. B. of Gangrene. See 
 B. adematis maligni, Koch; B. sapro- 
 genes, III, Rosenbach; B. of Senile 
 Gangrene. B. of Gangrenous Septicemia. 
 See B. adematis maligni, Koch. B. of Gess- 
 ner. See Bad. tholoideum, Gessner. B. of 
 Glanders. See B. mallei, Loffier. B. of 
 Green Diarrhea in Children, Lesage. See 
 B. of Lesage. B. of Green Pus. See B. 
 fyocyaneus a f Gessard. B f of Grouse Disease, 
 
 Klein. Obtained from the lungs and liver 
 of grouse that had died of an epidemic disease. 
 aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. (for mice, guinea-pigs, 
 linnets, green finches, sparrows; chickens, ' 
 pigeons, and rabbits immune). B. of Hay 
 Infusions. See B. subtilis, Ehrenberg. B. 
 of Hog Cholera, Salmon and Smith. See B. 
 ex pneumoenteritide suis, Klein., B. of Hog 
 Erysipelas. See B. erysipelatos suis, Koch, 
 etc. B. of Horse-pox, Dieckerhoff and 
 Grawitz. Syn., Bacillus of acne contagiosa of 
 horses. Obtained from the pustules of horses 
 suffering from acne contagiosa, aer., nliqf., 
 pg. B. of Hydrophobia. See B. lyssa, 
 Pasteur. B. of Icterus, Karlinsky and Du- 
 camp. Found in the blood during an attack 
 of infectious icterus. Did not thrive on or- 
 dinary culture-mediums. B. of Influenza, 
 Pfeiffer, Kitasato, and Canon. Influenza 
 bacillus. Found in the purulent bronchial 
 secretions and in the blood of persons suffering 
 from epidemic influenza, aer., nmot., pg.- 
 Cf. Microc. influenza, Letzerich. B. of 
 Intestinal Diphtheria in Rabbits, Ribbert. 
 Obtained from the viscera of rabbits dead of a 
 disease characterized by a diphtheric inflam- 
 mation of the intestinal mucous membrane. 
 aer., nliqf., nmot. (?), pg. B. of Jeffries. A 
 group (A, G, J, K, P, S, Z) of bacilli, resem- 
 bling B. neapolitanus , Emmerich, and B. 
 lactis aerogenes, Escherich. Found in the 
 alvine discharges of children suffering from 
 summer diarrhea, anaer., npg. B. of Je- 
 quirity Ophthalmia, DeWecker and Sattler. 
 Found in cases of jequirity ophthalmia and in 
 infusions of jequirity seeds {A brus precatorius) , 
 the supposed source of abrin. aer., liqf., 
 mot., npg. The disease is now held to be 
 caused by a soluble poison, jequiritin. B. of 
 Karlinski. See B. murisepticus pleomorphus, 
 Karlinski. B. of Kartulis, Koch and Kar- 
 tulis. Obtained from the conjunctiva in 
 cases of Egyptian catarrhal conjunctivitis. 
 aer. Pathogenesis not well determined. 
 B. of Koubasoff. Obtained from carcinom- 
 atous growth in the human stomach, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. (for guinea-pigs and 
 rabbits). Cf. B. of Scheurlen. B. of Lactic- 
 aoid Fermentation. See B. acidi lactici, 
 Hueppe. B. of Laser. Obtained from mice 
 infected with an epidemic disease, aer., fac- 
 anaer., nliqf., mot., pg. (for field-mice, guinea- 
 pigs, rabbits, and pigeons). B. of Leprosy. 
 See B. lepra, Hansen. B. of Lesage. Syn., 5a- 
 cillus of green diarrhea in children. Obtained in 
 the green alvine discharges of infants suffering 
 from green diarrhea, aer. , nliqf., mot. , pg. Ac- 
 cording to Baumgarten, identical with B. fluor- 
 escens nonliquefaciens, Schiller. B. of Letz- 
 erich. Obtained from the urine of children 
 suffering from primary interstitial nephritis. 
 aer., liqf., pg- B. of Liborius. See B. amy- 
 lobacter, Prazmowski. B. of Lichen ruber, 
 Laser. Found in the lymph-passages in cases 
 of lichen ruber. B. of Lucet. Obtained 
 from chickens and turkeys suffering from an 
 infectious form, of septicemia characterized by 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 133 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 dysenteric discharges, aer., facanaer., nliqf., 
 nmot.; pg. B. of Lumnitzer. See B. of 
 Bronchitis. B. of Lupus. See B. tubercu- 
 losis, Koch. B. of Lustgarten. See B. 
 syphilidis, Lustgarten. B. of Lymph in 
 Fishes, Oliver and Richet. Observed in the 
 lymph of certain fishes, aer., mot., npg. B. 
 of Malaria. See B. malarice, Klebs and 
 Tommasi-Crudeli. B. of Malignant Edema. 
 See B. cedematis maligni, Koch. B. of 
 Measles, Canon and Pielicke. Syn., Bacillus 
 of Canon and Pielicke. Found in the blood 
 and in the secretions of the nose and conjunc- 
 tiva of persons with measles. Cf. Microc. of 
 Measles, Klebs and Keating. B. of Mouse 
 Septicemia. See B. erysipelatos suis, Pas- 
 teur. B. of Necrosis of the Liver in 
 Badgers, Eberth. Found in the necrotic 
 liver of a badger. B. of Necrosis of the 
 Liver in Guinea-pigs, Eberth. Found in 
 the necrotic liver of a guinea-pig. B. of Ne- 
 phritis, Letzerich. See B. of Letzerich. B. 
 of Nocard. Found in the superficial ab- 
 scesses of cattle suffering from farcy, aer., 
 nmot., pg. B. of Okada. Obtained from 
 the dust between the boards of a floor, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. of Osteomy- 
 elitis, Kraske and Becker. Found in cases of 
 osteomyelitis, aer., liqf. (or in some forms 
 nliqf.), mot., pleom., pg. Held by Pasteur as 
 identical with the micrococcus of furuncle. 
 B. of Phthisis. See B. tuberculosis, Koch. 
 B. of Pink Eye, Weeks. See B. of Con- 
 junctival Catarrh, Koch. B. of Potato Rot, 
 Kramer. Obtained from potatoes affected 
 with wet rot. aer., liqf., mot., npg. Putrefies 
 the albuminous substances of potatoes. B. of 
 Pseudotuberculosis in Rabbits, Eberth, 
 Malassez and Vignal. Syn., Bacille de la 
 tuberculose zoogleique; Bacille de la pseudo- 
 tuberculose du lapin, Fr.; Bacillus der Pseudo- 
 tuberculose der Kaninchen, Ger. Found in the 
 nodular deposits characteristic of this disease. 
 B. of Puerperal Fever. See B. puerperalis, 
 Engel and Spillmann. B. of Purpura haem- 
 orrhagica of Babes. Obtained from the 
 viscera of a patient dead of purpura haemor- 
 rhagica. aer., facanaer., liqf., nmot., pg. Re- 
 sembles the next two forms. B. of Purpura 
 haemorrhagica of Kolb. Obtained from 
 the viscera of patients dead of purpura. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. of Pur- 
 pura haemorrhagica of Tizzoni and Gio- 
 vannini. Obtained from the blood of two 
 children dead of purpura haemorrhagica. aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. of Pyemia, 
 Beltzow. Two forms found in pyemia, one of 
 which resembles B. cedematis maligni, Koch. 
 B. of Rabbit Septicemia. See B. septice- 
 mia hemorrhagica, Sternberg. B. of Rabies. 
 See B. lyssce, Pasteur. B. of Rag-pickers' 
 Disease. See B. hominis capsulatus, Bor- 
 doni-Uffreduzzi. B. of Red Bread. See B. 
 prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. B. of Red Milk. 
 See B. lactis erythrogenes Hueppe; B. 
 prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. B. of Rheuma- 
 tism. See B. rheumarthritidis, Kussmaul. 
 
 B. of Rhinoscleroma. See B. rhinoscler- 
 omatis, Cornil and Alvarez. B. of Roth, I, 
 
 II. Obtained from old rags, aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf. nmot., pg. Resembles B. neapolitanus, 
 Emmerich, and B. cavicidus, Burger. B. of 
 Rouget. See B. erysipelatos suis, Koch, etc. 
 B. of Scarlatina, Crooke. Found in the 
 nasal mucus and tissues of the throat in a 
 case of anginose scarlatina, mot. Resembles 
 B. cedematis maligni, Koch, and the Proteus of 
 Hauser. According to Doehle, the parasite of 
 this disease is a protozoon. Cf. Microc. scar- 
 latina. B.of Scheurlen, Scheurlen, Rapin, 
 and Domingo Freire. Syn., Bacillus epidermi- 
 dis, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. From cancerous tis- 
 sues and from mammary epithelium of healthy 
 persons. According to Mace, possibly iden- 
 tical with a variety of B. mesentericus vulgatus, 
 Fliigge. aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. of Schim- 
 melbusch. Obtained from the necrotic tis- 
 sues of a case of cancrum oris or noma, aer., 
 nliqf., pg. B.ofSchou. See B. pneumonicus 
 agilis, Schou. B. of Senile Gangrene, 
 Tricomi. Syn., Bacillus of gangrene; Bacillus 
 of Tricomi. Found in the blood, in the tis- 
 sues along the line of demarcation, in the sub- 
 cutaneous tissue and the lymph-spaces of the 
 skin, and in the ichorous discharge, aer., liqf., 
 nmot., pg. Cf. B. cedematis maligni, Koch, 
 and B. saprogenes, III, Rosenbach. B. 
 of Septicemia in Man, Klein. Found in 
 the blood-vessels of . swollen lymph-glands 
 in cases of septicemia. B. of Southern 
 Cattle Plague, F. S. Billings. Syn., Bacillus 
 of Texas fever in cattle. Found in the blood, 
 viscera, and manure of cattle infected with 
 cattle plague or Texas fever, and in their dis- 
 charges; also in the ticks (Boophilus bovis, 
 Curtice) infecting the cattle. The spread of 
 the disease is largely due to the manure of the 
 cattle and also indirectly to the ticks, aer., 
 nliqf., mot., pleom., pg. Smith and Kilborn 
 now attribute this disease to the psorosperm 
 Pirosoma bigeminum. B. of Spontaneous 
 Rabbit Septicemia, Eberth. See B. of 
 Swine Plague, Marseilles. B. of Swine 
 Pest, Selander. See B. ex pneumoenteritide 
 suis, Klein. B. of Swine Plague, Reitsch 
 and Jobert. Syn., Bacillus suis, Detmers; 
 Bacillus of spontaneous rabbit septicemia; Bacil- 
 lus of swine plague, Detmers and Billings; Bacil- 
 lus of ferret disease. First obtained from swine 
 attacked by a fatal epidemic disease in Mar- 
 seilles, aer., nliqf., mot., pg. Caneva and 
 others identify this with the bacillus of ferret 
 disease and with that of American swine 
 plague ; also with the bacillus of southern cat- 
 tle plague, Billings; but this last seems to be a 
 distinct species. See B. tardigradus. B. of 
 Symptomatic Anthrax. See B. chauvai, 
 Bollinger and Feser. B. of Syphilis. See B. 
 syphilidis, Lustgarten. B. of Tetanus. See B. 
 tetani, Nicolaier. B. of Texas Cattle Fever, 
 F. S. Billings. See B. of Southern Cattle 
 Plague. B. of the Blood, Hoffman. Found in 
 the blood in health and disease ; probably iden- 
 tical with B. malaria. B. of the Lungs of 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 134 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 Cattle, Liistig. Found in the lungs of healthy 
 and diseased cattle, aer., liqf. B. of the Me- 
 conium, Escherich. Found in the meco- 
 nium. B. of the Pneumoenteritis of the 
 Pig. See B. ex pneumoenteritide suis, Klein. 
 B. of the Smegma. Found in the smegma 
 of the male and female genitals. B. of Tom- 
 masoli. Found on the hair in a case of syco- 
 sis. B. of Tricomi. See B. of Senile Gan- 
 grene. B. of Tuberculosis of Vines. Re- 
 garded by Corvo as the cause of the diseased 
 condition of vines usually attributed to Phyl- 
 loxera vastatrix, Planchon. B. of Ulcer- 
 ative Stomatitis of Cattle, Lingard and 
 Batt. Found on the skin, the mucous mem- 
 branes, and in the lungs of young cattle. Cf. 
 Streptocytus of Eczema epizootica, Schottelius. 
 B. of Ulcus molle, Krofting. Identical with 
 that described by Ducrey as the bacillus of 
 chancroid. B. of Utpadel, Utpadel and 
 Gessner. Obtained from the stuffing of the 
 bed-quilts in a military hospital (Augsburg), 
 and from the intestinal contents of man. aer., 
 nliqf., mot., pg. B. of Vagus Pneumonia. 
 See B. pneumonicus agilis, Schou. B. of 
 Verruga peruana, Izquierdo. Found in the 
 intercellular spaces and blood-vessels in the 
 nodules characteristic of Peruvian wart. B. 
 of Vignal. See B. buccalis minutus, Vignal. 
 B. of Whooping-cough. See B. tussis con- 
 vulsive, Afanassiew. B. of Xerosis epitheli- 
 alis conjunctivas, Leber, Kuschbert, Frankel, 
 and Neisser. Syn., Bacillus xerosis, Frankel; 
 Bacillus of Colomiatti; Bacillus of xerosis, 
 Schreiber. Found in the white, fatty scales 
 of the conjunctivas in cases of xerophthalmia. 
 nmot. Does not grow on gelatin or potato. 
 Pathogenesis not fully determined. B. of 
 Yellow Fever. Found in the mucous mem- 
 brane of the small intestine in two cases of 
 yellow fever. Sternberg has found many 
 forms in the intestinal contents and viscera of 
 yellow-fever cadavers, the most frequent and 
 abundant being B. neapolitanus, Emmer- 
 ich; B. cadaveris, Sternberg; and B. " X," 
 Sternberg. The last is held by Sternberg as 
 being possiblv concerned in the etiology of 
 yellow fever. ' B. of Yellow Milk. See B. 
 synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. B. 
 ovatus minutissimus, Unna. Found upon 
 the skin in cases of eczema seborrhoicum. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. B. oxytocus 
 perniciosus, Wyssokowitsch. Found in 
 milk left standing a long time, aer., nliqf., 
 pg. B. panificans, Laurent. Claimed as 
 the active agent in the raising of bread. Found 
 especially in black bread. Dunnenberger 
 considers it a mere impurity and not concerned 
 in the leavening processes. B., Paracolon, 
 Gwyn. Found in the blood in an infection 
 resembling typhoid, pg. B. parvus ova- 
 tus, Loffler. Bacillus of false hog cholera. 
 Found in the carcass of a pig dead of a disease 
 resembling rouget. It resembles B. sepli- 
 ccemice hemorrhagica, Sternberg. B. pas- 
 teurianus, Hansen. Syn., Bacterium pasteur- 
 ianum; Micrococcus pasleurianus. Found in 
 
 beer-wort and beer, especially that poor in 
 alcohol. Resembles B. aceti, Kutzing and 
 Sommer. B. pestifer, Frankland. Found 
 in the air. aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. phos- 
 phorescens, Fischer. Syn., Bacillus phos- 
 phor escens indicus, Fischer; Photobacterium 
 indicum, Fischer. Found in sea-water (Gulf 
 of Mexico), aer., liq}., mot., phos., npg. B. 
 phosphorescens gelidus, Forster. See B. 
 phosphoreus, Cohn. B. phosphorescens indi- 
 cus, Fischer. See B. phosphorescens, Fischer. 
 B. phosphorescens indigenus, Fischer. 
 Found in sea-water (harbor of Kiel) and upon 
 herring, aer., liqf., mot., phos., npg. B. 
 phosphoreus, Cohn. Syn., Micrococcus 
 phosphoreus, Cohn; Bacterium phospho- 
 rescens, Hermes; Bacillus phosphorescens 
 gelidus, Forster. Found on sea-fish, raw and 
 cooked (cooked salmon, Cohn). aer., nliqf., 
 phos., npg. B. plicatus, Zimmermann. 
 Found in hydrant-water (Chemnitz), aer., 
 liqf., nmot., chg. (grayish yellow), npg. B. 
 pneumoniae, Fliigge. See B. pneumonia 
 friedlanderi. B. pneumoniae friedlanderi. 
 Syn., Bacillus pneumonice, Fliigge; Diplococ- 
 cus pneumonice fibrinosce, Friedlander; Mi- 
 crococcus pneumonice, infectioso?, Friedlander. 
 Occasionally obtained from the exudates in 
 the pulmonary alveoli in cases of croupous 
 pneumonia, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. 
 B. pneumonicus agilis, Schou. Syn., Ba- 
 cillus of Schou; Bacillus of vagus pneumonia. 
 Obtained from rabbits suffering from pneu- 
 monia induced by section of the vagi, aer., 
 liq}., mot., pg. B. pneumosepticus, Babes. 
 Obtained from the blood and tissues of a per- 
 son dead of septic pneumonia, aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., nmot., pg. B. polymyxa, Prazmow- 
 ski. Syn., Claustridium polymyxa, Praz- 
 mowski. Found in infusion of potatoes, lupin 
 seeds, etc. aer., facanaer., npg. B. polypi- 
 formis, Liborius. Found in cow-dung and 
 in the exudates of mice inoculated with gar- 
 den-earth, anaer., nliqf., mot., npg. B. 
 preussii, Ciesielski. See B. alvei, Cheshire 
 andCheyne. B.prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Syn., 
 Bacteridium prodigiosum, Schroter; Bacterium 
 prodigiosum; Micrococcus prodigiosus, Cohn; 
 Micrococcus imetrophus, Trevisan; Monas 
 prodigiosa, Ehrenberg; Palmella prodigiosa, 
 Mont; Zoogalactina imetropa, Sette. Fre- 
 quently found upon food-stuffs, boiled pota- 
 toes, hard-boiled eggs, moist bread, etc. aer., 
 facanaer., liq}., mot., chg. (red), npg. Acts as 
 a protective to rabbits against anthrax. B. 
 pseudoedema, Liborius. Syn., Bacillus 
 pseudosepticus, Mace; Pseudo-cedembacillus, 
 Ger. Obtained from the exudates of mice 
 after inoculation with garden-earth, anaer., 
 liqf-i Pg- Resembles B. azdematis maligni, 
 Koch. B. pseudopneumonicus, Passet. 
 Syn., Bacterium pseudopneumonicum. Found 
 in pus. aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Resembles 
 Microc. pneumonice cruposce, Frankel. B. 
 pseudosepticus, Mace. See B. pseudccdema, 
 Liborius. B. pseudosepticus of Mice, 
 Bienstock. Syn., Bacillus of pseudosepti- 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 135 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 cemia of mice. Found in feces, aer., nliq}., 
 nmot., pg. Found after inoculation, mostly 
 in the edematous fluid and not in the blood. 
 B. pseudotuberculosis, Pfeiffer. Obtained 
 from the viscera of a horse killed on suspicion 
 of having glanders, aer., nliq}., nmot., pg. B. 
 puerperaUs, Engel and Spillmann. Lepto- 
 thrix of puerperal fever; bacillus of puerperal 
 fever. Found in two cases of puerperal sep- 
 sis, pg. (for mice and rabbits). Considered 
 by Pasteur to be identical with B. anthracis. 
 B. pulpae pyogenes, Miller. Obtained 
 from gangrenous tooth-pulp, aer., facanaer., 
 liqf-* Pg- B. punctatus, Zimmermann. 
 Found in hydrant-water (Chemnitz), aer., 
 liq}., npg. B. putrificus coli, Bienstock. 
 Found in human feces, aer., facanaer., nliq}., 
 mot., npg. B. pyocyaneus a, Gessard. 
 Syn., Bacillus aeruginosum; Bacterium aerug- 
 inosuin, Schroter; Micrococcus pyocyaneus, 
 Gessard ; Bacillus of blue or green pus. A 
 widely distributed form, found in purulent 
 and serous wounds, in perspiration, and in 
 the viscera of human cadavers, aer., facanaer., 
 liq}., mot., dig., pg. Two pigments — one 
 fluorescent green, the other blue, pyocyanin. 
 B. pyocyaneus /?, Ernst. Found in pus from 
 bandages stained green, aer., liq}., mot., chg. 
 (yellowish green), npg. B. pyogenes fceti- 
 dus, Passet. Syn., Bacille pyogene }etide, Fr. 
 Obtained from an ischiorectal abscess, aer., 
 nliq}., mot., pg. B. pyogenes soli, Bolton. 
 Obtained from the exudates of a rat after inoc- 
 ulation with garden-earth, aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., nmot., npg. B. radiatus, Ltideritz. 
 Obtained from the exudates of mice and 
 guinea-pigs after inoculation with garden- 
 earth, anaer., liqf., mot., npg. B. radiatus 
 aquatilis, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant- 
 water (Chemnitz), aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. 
 ramosus, Eisenberg. Syn., Wurzelbacillus. 
 Common in soil and water, aer., liqf., npg. 
 B. ramosus liquefaciens. Obtained from 
 the air. aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. reticularis, 
 Jordan. Found in hydrant-water (Lawrence, 
 Mass.). aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. rheum- 
 arthritidis, Kussmaul. Syn., Bacillus rheum- 
 arthritis; Micrococcus rheumarthritis, Ley- 
 den. Found in the joint effusions in articular 
 rheumatism. B. rhinoscleromatis, Cornil 
 and Alvarez, von Frisch, Paltauf, von Eisels- 
 berg, Dittrich, Stepanow, etc. Found in the 
 newly formed tubercles of rhinoscleroma. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., usually nmot. (becomes 
 motile on cultivation), pg. Etiologic rela- 
 tions not established. Considered by many 
 as identical with B. pneumonia friedlanderi. 
 It is less virulent, gelatin cultures more trans- 
 parent, and the capsules more persistent. B. 
 rosaceum metalloides, Dowdeswell. B. 
 rubefaciens, Zimmermann. Found in hy- 
 drant-water (Chemnitz), aer., nliq}., mot., 
 chg. (pale pink), npg. B. rubellus, Okada. 
 Found in the exudates of guinea-pigs after in- 
 oculation with street-dust, anaer., liq}., mot., 
 chg. (red), npg. B. ruber, Frank, Cohn, and 
 Becker. Syn., Bacillus miniaceus, Zimmer- 
 
 mann; Bacillus (or Bacterium) rosaceum metal- 
 loides, Dowdeswell. The red bacillus of 
 water. Found in water and on boiled rice. 
 aer., liq}., mot., chg. (magenta red), npg. B. 
 ruber indicus. See B. indicus, Koch. B. 
 rubescens, Jordan. Found in sewage (Law- 
 rence, Mass.). aer., nliq}., mot., chg. (pale 
 pink), npg. B. rubidus, Eisenberg. Found 
 in water, aer., liq}., mot., chg. (brownish 
 red), npg. (Lustig describes a red bacillus 
 ■from river-water which he claims to be 
 different from this.) B. salivarius sep- 
 ticus, Biondi.^. See B. septicus sputigenus, 
 Fliigge. B. sanguinis typhi, Brannan and 
 Cheesman. Obtained from the blood of 
 typhus-fever patients, aer., facanaer., nmot. 
 B. saprogenes, I, II, III, Rosenbach. Found 
 in putrefying matter on fetid feet, the white 
 plugs of the pharyngeal follicles, etc. aer., fac- 
 anaer., pg. B. sCaber, Duclaux. Syn., 
 Tyrothrix scaber. Found in cheese, aer., 
 nliqf., mot. (in early stages becoming non- 
 motile), npg. B. schafferi, Freudenreich. 
 Obtained from cheese and fermenting potato 
 infusion, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., npg. 
 Closely resembles B. neapolitanus* Emmerich. 
 B. scissus, Frankland. Found in the soil. 
 aer., nliq., nmot., npg. B. septicaemias haemor- 
 rhagicae, Sternberg. Syn., Bacillus cholera ' gal- 
 linarum, Fliigge; BaciWus cuniculicida, Fliigge; 
 Bacillus cuniculicidus , Koch; Bacterium septi- 
 caemia, Koch; Bacterium morbilli, Laniz; 
 Coccobacteria septica, Billroth; Micrococcus sep- 
 ticus, Cohn; Micrococcus cholera gallinarum; 
 Micrococcus gallicidus; Micros por on septicus, 
 Klebs. Found in the blood in cases of septice- 
 mia, pg. B. septicus, Koch. SeeB.erysipelatos 
 suis, Koch. B. septicus, Pasteur. See B. cedema- 
 tis maligni,'Koch. Cf. Proteus septicus. B. sep- 
 ticus acuminatus, Babes. Obtained from the 
 umbilical stump, blood, and viscera of a five- 
 days-old child dead of septic infection, aer. 
 (no growth on gelatin) , pg. (for rabbits and 
 guinea-pigs, not for mice). B. septicus agri- 
 genus, Nicolaier* Obtained from manured 
 garden-soil, aer., nliqf. (?). Resembles B. 
 seplicamia hamorrhagica, Sternberg. B. 
 septicus from Sputum. See B. septicus 
 sputi, I, II, Kreibohm. B. septicus kerato- 
 malaciae, Babes. Obtained from the cor- 
 neal tissues and viscera of a child that died 
 of septicemia following keratomalacia. aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., pg. (for rabbits and mice, 
 slightly for birds, not for guinea-pigs). B. 
 septicus sputi, I, II, Kreibohm. Obtained 
 from human buccal secretions. Does not 
 grow in any known culture-medium. Re- 
 sembles B. septicamia hamorrhagica, Stern- 
 berg. B. septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. 
 Syn., Bacterium sep'ticum sputigenum, Frankel; 
 Micrococcus pneumonia cruposa, Frankel; 
 Micrococcus pasteuri, Sternberg; Diplococcws 
 pneumonia, Weichselbaum; Streptococcus 
 lanceolatus pasteuri, Gamaleia; Micrococcus of 
 sputum septicemia, Frankel; Lancet-shaped 
 micrococcus, Talamon; Pneumococcus of 
 Frankel. Found both in healthy and in pneu- 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 136 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 monic sputum, in the fibrinous exudate of 
 croupous pneumonia, and in the pus of menin- 
 gitis, in middle-ear disease, in certain forms 
 of pleurisy, joint-disease, and endocarditis. 
 aer., facanaer., nmot., nliqf., pg. Held to be 
 the cause of croupous pneumonia in man, and 
 by some to be identical with B. lysscB, Pasteur. 
 B. septicus ulceris gangraenosi, Babes. 
 Found in the blood and viscera of a boy dead 
 of septicemia following gangrene of the skin. 
 aer., liqf., mot., pg. B. septicus vesicae, 
 Clado. Found in the urine of a patient with 
 cystitis, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. B. 
 sessilis, L. Klein. Found in the blood of a 
 cow supposed to have died of anthrax, aer., 
 mot. (convulsive jerking), npg. B. similis, 
 Bienstock. See B. subtiliformis, I, II, 
 Bienstock. B. smaragdinophosphorescens, 
 Katz. Obtained from a herring in fish-mar- 
 ket (Sydney, N. S. W.). aer., nliqf., nmot., 
 phos. (emerald green), npg. Resembles Pho- 
 tobacterium phosphorescens, Cohn, and Photo- 
 bacterium pfliigeri, Ludwig. B. smaragdinus 
 fcetidus, Reimann. Found in the nasal secre- 
 tions in a case of ozena, aer., facanaer., liqf., pg. 
 B. solidus,Luderitz. Found in the exudates of 
 mice inoculated with garden-earth, aer., nliqf., 
 mot., npg. B. spiniferus, Unna. Found upon 
 the skin in cases of eczema seborrhoicum. aer., 
 nliqf., chg. (grayish yellow), npg. B. sputige- 
 nus crassus. See B. crassus sputigenus, Krei- 
 bohm. B. stolonatus, Adametz. Found in 
 water, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. B. stolonif- 
 erus, Pohl. Found in swamp-water, aer., 
 liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. B. 
 striatus albus, von Besser. Found in the 
 nasal secretions of healthy persons, aer., 
 nliqf., npg. B. striatus fiavus, von Besser. 
 Occasionally found in nasal mucus, aer., 
 nliqf., chg. (sulfur yellow), npg. B. sub- 
 flavus, Zimmermann. Found in hydrant- 
 water (Chemnitz), aer., nliqf., mot., chg. 
 (pale yellow), npg. B. subtiliformis, Bien- 
 stock. Syn., Bacillus subtilis simulans, I, II, 
 Bienstock; Bacillus similis, Bienstock. Found 
 in human feces, aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. B. sub- 
 tilis, Ehrenberg, Cohn, Brefeld, Prazmowski," 
 andFitz. Syn., Bacillus glycerine, Fitz; Bacillus 
 fitzianus, Zopf ; Bacterium subtile, Zopf ; Met- 
 allacter subtile, Pertz; Vibrio subtilis, Ehren- 
 berg; Bacillus of hay infusions. De Bary con- 
 fines B. subtilis to the form described by 
 Brefeld and Prazmowski. The relation of the 
 starch fermentation species of Fitz remains 
 doubtful. A common form found in the air, 
 water, soil, and on plants, aer., liqf., oscl., npg. 
 B.suis,Detmers. SeeB.tardigradus. B.sulph- 
 hydrogenus, Miquel. Found in water. 
 aer., mot. Decomposes albumin with evolu- 
 tion of H 2 S. B. sulphureum, Holschewni- 
 koff and Rosenheim. Two forms found in 
 urine and in mud. B. superficialis, Jordan. 
 Common in sewage, aer., liqf., mot., npg. 
 B. synxanthus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. 
 Syn., Bacillus xantho genus, Fuchs and Ehren- 
 berg; Bacterium xanthinum, Schroter; Vibrio 
 synxanthus, Ehrenberg; Vibrio xantho genus, 
 
 Fuchs; Bacillus of yellow milk. Found in 
 milk that has been boiled, aer., mot., chg. 
 (golden yellow), npg. Precipitates the casein; 
 renders the milk alkaline. B. syphilidis, 
 Lustgarten. Syn., Bacillus of syphilis, Lust- 
 garten; Bacillus of Lustgarten. Found in syph- 
 ilitic newgrowths and secretions; does not 
 develop in ordinary culture-mediums. In 
 staining, reaction seems to be identical with 
 that of the bacillus of the smegma. Doehle 
 describes parasitic infusoria as the causative 
 agents of syphilis. B. tardigradus. Syn., 
 Bacillus suis, Detmers; Micrococcus suis, 
 Burrill. Found in dew, water, and in the 
 fluids of pigs affected with swine plague. 
 aer., mot., npg. Cf. B. of Swine Plague, 
 Reitsch and Jobert. B. tenuis, Duclaux. 
 Syn., Tyrothrix tenuis, Duclaux. Found in 
 decomposing albuminoid matter, cheese, etc. 
 aer., facanaer. ( ?), mot., npg. Used in ripen- 
 ing certain French cheeses. B. tenuis spu- 
 tigenus, Pansini. Obtained from sputum. 
 aer., nliqf., nmot., pg. B. termo, Dujardin 
 and Ehrenberg. See Bad. termo, Cohn. B. 
 tetani, Nicolaier. Syn., Bacillus tetani trau- 
 matici, Rosenbach; Bacillus of tetanus. Found 
 in garden-earth and in the wounds of persons 
 suffering from tetanus. Spores form at one 
 end and give bacillus a drumstick appearance. 
 anaer., liqf., mot., pg. B. tetani traumatici. 
 See B. tetani. B. thalassophilus, Rus- 
 sell. Obtained from mud (Bay of Naples). 
 anaer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not deter- 
 mined. B. thermophilus, Miquel. Found 
 in the intestinal tract of man and animals, in 
 sewage, and in the soil, aer., nmot., npg. B. 
 tremelloides, Schottelius. Found in hy- 
 drant-water (Freiburg), aer., liqf., chg. 
 (golden yellow), npg. B. tremulus, Koch. 
 Syn., Metallacler tremulus, Trevisan. Found 
 as a surface pellicle on decomposing plant in- 
 fusions. Resembles B. subtilis, Ehrenberg. 
 B. tuberculosis, Koch. Syn., Bacterium tuber- 
 culosis, Zopf; Bacterium tuber culo sum; Bacillus 
 tuber culi; Bacillus tuber culosus. Found in the 
 sputum, in tuberculous organs, and elsewhere 
 in persons and animals affected with tubercu- 
 losis. Parasitic, aer., facanaer., nmot., pg. 
 B. tuberculosis gallinarum, Maffucci. 
 Obtained from cases of spontaneous tubercu- 
 losis in fowls. This seems to be a distinct 
 species, characterized by its staining reactions, 
 etc., its growth in pure cultures, and its patho- 
 genic qualities, Koch. B. tumescens, Zopf. 
 Syn., Bacterium tumescens, Zopf. Found 
 upon beets, aer., liqf., mot., npg. B. tur- 
 gidus, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix turgidus, 
 Duclaux. Found in cheese, aer. Produces 
 alkaline reaction (carbonate and butyrate of 
 ammonium) in milk. B. tussis convul- 
 sivae, Afanassiew. Syn., Bacillus of Afanas- 
 siew. Found in the sputum of persons af- 
 fected with pertussis, aer., nliqf., mot., pg. B. 
 typhi abdominalis, Eberth, Gaffky, Klebs, 
 Eppinger, Brautlecht. Syn., Bacillus typho- 
 sus; Bacterium typhosum. Found in water 
 and in milk and in the feces and organs in 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 137 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 typhoid fever, aer., facanaer., nliq}., mot. B. 
 typhi murium, Loffler. Obtained from 
 mice affected with an epidemic disease, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., mot. B. typhosus. See 
 B. typhi abdominalis, Eberth, etc. B. ubiq- 
 uitus, Jordan. Found in air, water, sewage 
 (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., facanaer., nliqf., 
 nmot., npg. Resembles B. candicans, Frank- 
 land. B. ulna, Cohn and Prazmowski. 
 Syn., Vibrio " b," Ehrenberg; Bacterium ulna, 
 Miller; Vibrio bacillus, Miiller, Ehrenberg. 
 Found in egg-albumen. aer., mot., npg. 
 B. ulna of Vignal. Found in saliva of 
 healthy persons; perhaps identical with the 
 preceding form, aer., liqf., npg. B. ureae, 
 Miquel. Found in the air. aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., npg. Perhaps identical with the pre- 
 ceding form. B. ureas, Leube. Three va- 
 rieties found in old urine, aer., nliqf., npg. 
 Converts urea into ammonium carbonate. 
 B. urocephalus, Duclaux. Syn., Tyrothrix 
 urocephalus, Duclaux. One of the com- 
 monest forms associated with putrefaction of 
 animal matter, aer., facanaer., npg. B. 
 vaginalis, Doderlein. Constantly found in 
 the normal vaginal secretions of adults, aer., 
 facanaer., nmot. (no growth in gelatin), npg. 
 B.varicosus conjunctivae, Gombert. Found 
 in the healthy conjunctival sac of man. aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. B. vasculosis, 
 Sternberg. Obtained from the intestine and 
 stomach of yellow-fever cadavers, aer., liqf., 
 mot., npg. B. venenosus, Vaughan. Found 
 in water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. B. 
 venenosus brevis, Vaughan. Found in 
 water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. B. 
 venenosus invisibilis, Vaughan. Found in 
 water, aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. B. 
 venenosus liquefaciens, Vaughan. Found 
 in water, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., pg. B. 
 ventriculi, Raczynssky. Obtained from the 
 stomach of meat-fed dogs, aer., facanaer., 
 nliqf., mot., npg. B. vermicularis, Frank- 
 land. Found in river -water, aer., liqf., oscl., 
 npg. B. vermiculosus, Zimmermann. 
 Found in water, aer., liqf., oscl., npg. B. 
 violaceus, Becker. Found in river-water. 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., chg. (dark violet). 
 B. violaceus laurentius, Jordan. Found in 
 hydrant -water (Lawrence, Mass.). aer., fac- 
 anaer., liqf., mot., npg. B. virens, Van 
 Tieghem. Syn., Sporonema gracile. Found 
 in stagnant water, aer., mot., chg. (green, held 
 by some to be chlorophyll, but not sufficiently 
 studied), npg. B. virescens, Frick. Found 
 in green sputum, aer., nliqf., mot., chg. 
 (green), npg. B. virgula. See Sp. cholera 
 *asiaticce, Koch. B. virgula, Duclaux. 
 Syn., Tyrothrix virgula, Duclaux. Found in 
 albuminous solutions, aer., nmot., npg. B. 
 viridis, Van Tieghem. Syn., Bacterium viride, 
 Van Tieghem; Arthrobacterium viride, De 
 Bary. Found in water collected in the hollow 
 of a polyporous fungus, aer., chg. (green). 
 Not thoroughly investigated. B. viridis 
 flavus, Frick. Syn., Bacillus viridis pallescens, 
 Frick. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. (yellowish- 
 
 green), npg. Resembles B. virescens, Frick. 
 B. viridis pallescens, Frick. See B. viridis 
 flavus, Frick. B. viscosus, Frankland. 
 Found in river-water, aer., liqf., mot., chg. 
 (fluorescent green). Perhaps identical with 
 B. fluorescens, Fliigge. B. viscosus, I, II, 
 Van Laer. Found in ropy milk, aer., nliqf., 
 npg. B. viscosus cerevisiae, Van Laer. 
 Found in viscous beer and in milk, aer., liqf., 
 npg. B. viscosus sacchari, Kramer. Found 
 in viscous saccharine fluids, aer., liqf., npg. 
 B. vulgaris, Hauser. Syn., Proteus vulgaris; 
 Proteus sulphur eus, Holschenikoff; Proteus of 
 Hauser. Commonly associated with putre- 
 faction, aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., pg. This 
 species is probably one of those formerly in- 
 cluded under Bad. termo. B. "X," Stern- 
 berg. Found in yellow-fever cadavers. Stern- 
 berg thinks it possible that this form is con- 
 cerned in the etiology of the fever, pg. (for 
 rabbits). B. xanthogenus, Fuchs and Ehr- 
 enberg. See B. synxanthus, Ehrenberg. 
 B. xerosis, Frankel. Syn., Xerose bactl- 
 lus. See B. of Xerosis epithelialis conjunc- 
 tiva;, Leber. B. zenkeri, Hauser. Syn., 
 Proteus zenkeri; Bacille de Hauser, Fr. 
 Found in putrefying animal matter, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., mot., pg. B. zopfii. Syn., 
 Bacterium zopfii, Kurth; Arthrobacterium 
 zopfii, De Bary. Found in the intestinal tract 
 of fowls, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. B. zurnianus, 
 List. Found in water, aer., nliqf., nmot., npg. 
 Bacteridium prodigiosum, Schroter. See B. 
 prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bacterium aceti, 
 Lanzi. See B. aceti, Kutzing. Bact. aegyp- 
 ticum, Chester, path. The cause of an acute 
 contagious form of conjunctivitis. Bact. aero- 
 genes, Miller. See B. aerogenes, II, Miller. 
 Bact. aeruginosum, Schroter. See B. pyocy- 
 aneus a, Gessard. Bact. allii. See B. allii, 
 Griffiths. Bact. anthracis, Zopf. See B. 
 anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Bact. ar- 
 ticulatum, Ehrenberg. See Bact. lineola, 
 Cohn. Bact. aurantiacum, Trelease. A 
 chromogenic form. Bact. bacillus, Pasteur. 
 See Bact. termo, Davaine. Bact. brunneum, 
 Schroter. Found in a putrid infusion of In- 
 dian corn. chg. (brown). Perhaps identical 
 with B. fuscus, Zimmermann. Bact. butyri 
 colloideum, Lafar. Found in every sample 
 of natural butter examined. Cf. B. butyri 
 ■fluorescens, Lafar. Bact. candidum, Tre- 
 lease. A chromogenic form, identical with 
 B. mesentericus fuscus, Fliigge. Bact. capi- 
 tatum, Davaine. Found in an infusion of 
 albuminous matter, aer., mot. Bact. car- 
 bunculare, Pollender, Brauell, Delafond, and 
 Davaine. See B. anthracis, Pollender and 
 Davaine. Bact. carlsbergense, Hansen. 
 Found in the air. Cf. Bact. kochii, Hansen. 
 Bact. catenula, Dujardin. Has been ob- 
 served especially in putrid wine and putrefying 
 blood, generally in albuminous liquids in con- 
 tact with air. Coze and Feltz found it in 
 man in typhoid fever. It resembles B. acidi 
 lactici, Davaine, Hueppe. Bact. caucasi- 
 cum. See B. caucasicus. Kern. Bact. 
 
r 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 chlorinum, Engelmann. Found in water. 
 aer., chg. (green). Engelmann holds this to 
 be chlorophyll, as a small amount of oxygen 
 is given off, indicating the assimilation of 
 carbon. Bact. coli commune, Escherich. 
 See B. neapolitanus. Bact. commune, 
 Pasteur. See Bact. termo, Dujardin. Bact. 
 cuneatum, Rivolta. See B. cuneatus. Bact. 
 cyanogenum, Fuchs. See B. cyano genus, 
 Hueppe. Bact. denitrificans. See B. deni- 
 trificans. Bact. dysodes, Zopf. See B. dyso- 
 des. Bact. enchelys, Ehrenberg. Found in 
 river-water. Bact. farinaceum, Wigand. 
 Found in sour sponge or dough. Bact. fitzia- 
 num, Zopf. See B. subtilis, Ehrenberg. Bact. 
 fcetidum, Thin. SeeB.fcetidus, Passet. Bact. 
 fusiforme, Warming. Found in sea-water. 
 Bact. gingivae pyogenes, Miller. See B. 
 gingiva pyogenes, Bact. gliscrogenum, 
 Malerba. Syn., Bacillus gllscrogenus. Found 
 in viscid acid urine, aer., nliq}., mot., npg. 
 Bact. griseum, Warning. Syn., Micrococcus 
 griseus, Winter, a doubtful form. Bact. 
 gummis, Comes. The cause of the gum- 
 mous disease of the fig, almond, and orange 
 trees, and the mat nero of vines. Cf. Bact. 
 putredinis, Davaine. Bact. gummosum, 
 Ritsert. Found to produce the viscosity of 
 infusions of digitalis. aer.,liqf., pleom. Bact. 
 hessii, Guillebeau. One of the two forms 
 found by Guillebeau to cause milk to be- 
 come ropy. Thrives best in pasteurized milk. 
 aer., liqf., mot., npg. Cf. Microc. freuden- 
 reichii. Bact. hyacinthi, Wakker. Found 
 in the bulbs and leaves of the hyacinth and 
 causing the "yellows" of hyacinths. Cf. B. 
 hyacinthi septicus, Heinz. Bact. janthinum, 
 Zopf. Found on pieces of pig-bladder float- 
 ing on water rich in lower organisms. In the 
 air it forms a violet pigment soluble in al- 
 cohol. Bact. kochii, Hansen. Found in the 
 air of Carlsberg. Cf. Bact. carlsbergense, 
 Hansen. Bact. lactis, Lister. See B. acidi 
 lactici, Hueppe. Bact. lactis aerogenes, 
 Escherich. See B. lactis aerogenes, Abelous. 
 Bact. lineola, Miiller, Cohn. Syn., Bacte- 
 rium punctum, Rivolta; Bacterium tremulans, 
 Trevisan; Bacterium triloculare, Ehrenberg; 
 Bacterium articulatum, Ehrenberg. Vibrio 
 lineola (Miiller), Ehrenberg; Vibrio tremulans, 
 Ehrenberg; Bacillus lineola. Found in well- 
 water and other water, in infusions, in soil on 
 vegetables, etc. aer., mot. (trembling and dart- 
 ing back and forth), pleom., npg. Probably 
 represents several species, or a developmental 
 form of a spirillum. Bact. litoreum, Warm- 
 ing. Found only in sea-water, aer., mot., 
 npg. Bact. lucens, Van Tieghem. See B. 
 lucens, Van Tieghem. Bact. luteum, Tre- 
 lease. See B. luteus, Fliigge. Bact. maidis, 
 Cuboni. See B. maidis, Cuboni. Bact. 
 merismopcedioides, Zopf. See B. mer- 
 ismopcedioides, Zopf. Bact. . morbilli, 
 
 Lanzi. Found in the urine of persons with 
 measles. Cf. B. septicamia hamorrhagica, 
 Sternberg. Bact. navicula, Reinke and Ber- 
 thold. See B. butyricus, Prazmowski. Bact. 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 neapolitanum. See B. neapolitanus, Em- 
 merich. Bact. oblongum, Boutroux. Syn., 
 Micrococcus oblongus, Boutroux. Found in 
 beer; the agent of gluconic fermentation. 
 Bact. of Butyric-acid Fermentation. See 
 B. butyricus, Prazmowski. Bact. of Diph- 
 theria, Emmerich. Found in cases of diph- 
 theria in man and doves. Bact. of Fire- 
 blight. See B. butyricus, Prazmowski. 
 Bact. of Infectious Pneumonia in the 
 Horse. See Sir. coryzce contagiosa equo- 
 
 rum, Schiitz. Bact. of Kephir. See B. cau- 
 casicus, Kern. Bact. of Pear-blight. See 
 B. butyricus, Prazmowski, and Microc. amylo- 
 vorus, Burrill. Bact. of Sheep-pox. Found 
 in cases of sheep-pox, or "Schafblattern." 
 Bact. of Variola, Cose and Feltz. Found in 
 the vesicles of smallpox; pathogenic for rab- 
 bits. Bact. oleae, Arcangeli. Said to cause 
 the socalled tuberculosis ("maladie de la 
 loupe" ; ' 'rogner") of olives. Bact. ovatum, 
 Lebert. See Nosema bombycis, Nageli. Bact. 
 pasteurianum, Bact. pastorianum. See 
 B. pasteurianus, Hansen. Bact. peri- 
 planetae , Tichomirow. Found in the common 
 cockroach (Periplaneta orientalis), and pro- 
 ducing in it a specific disease. Bact. pflugeri, 
 Ludwig. See Photobacterium pflugeri, Ludwig. 
 Bact. phosphorescens, Hermes, Bact. phos- 
 phorescens, Cohn. Syn., Photobacterium phos- 
 phorescens. See B. phosphoreus, Cohn. Bact. 
 photometricum, Engelmann. Found in 
 water; motion dependent on light; possibly not 
 a bacterium at all. Bact. pneumoniae, Bact. 
 pneumoniae crouposae, Friedlander. See B. 
 pneumonia jriedlanderi. Bact. porri, Tom- 
 masi-Crudeli. Found in warts. Bact. prodigi- 
 osum. See B. prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Bact. 
 pseudopneumonicum. See B. pseudopneu- 
 monicus, Fliigge. Bact. punctum, Rivolta. 
 See Bact. lineola, Miiller, Cohn. Bact. putred- 
 inis, Davaine. Found in rapidly decaying 
 plants. Cf. Bact. gummis, Comes. Bact. 
 pyriforme, Hansen. Found in the air. Bact. 
 radicicola, Prazmowski. Syn., Bacillus rad- 
 icicola, Beyernick; Rhizobium legumino- 
 sarum, Frank. Found in the soil, particu- 
 larly in the roots of the Leguminosa, where it 
 is held to stimulate the cells to unusual growth, 
 affect nitrification, constitute the "bacteroids" 
 of Woronin, and form the socalled "bacter- 
 oid tissue." Bact. rosaceum metalloides, 
 Dowdeswell. See B. ruber, Frank, Cohn. 
 Bact. rubescens, Lankester. See Beggia- 
 toa roseopersicina, Zopf. Bact. septicaemias, 
 Koch. See B. septicamia hamorrhagica, 
 Sternberg. Bact. septicum sputigenum. 
 See B. septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. Bact. 
 subtile, Buchner. See B. subtilis, Ehren- 
 berg. Bact. sulphuratum ; Bact. sulphur- 
 atum, Warming. See Beggiatoa roseo- 
 persicina, Zopf. Bact. sulphureum, Rosen- 
 heim. Found in wine. nliq). Evolves H 2 S. 
 Bact. syncyaneum, Ehrenberg, Schroter. 
 See B. cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bact. synxan- 
 thum, Schroter. See B. synkanthus. Bact. 
 termo, Dujardin and Ehrenberg. Syn., 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 139 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 Bacillus termo, Davaine; Bacterium bacillus, 
 Pasteur; Cryptococcus natans, Kiitzing; Cryp- 
 iococcus nebidosus, Kiitzing; Micrococcus cre- 
 puscidum, Cohn; Zooglcea termo; Monas termo, 
 Muller. A collective species. Bact. termo, 
 Vignal. Found in the saliva of healthy per- 
 sons, aer., liqf., mot., chg. (yellowish gray), 
 npg. Bact. tholoideum, Gessner. Syn., 
 Bacillus of Gessner. Found in the intestinal 
 contents of healthy persons. Resembles 
 B. lactis aerogettes, Escherich. pg. (for mice 
 and guinea-pigs). Bact. tremulans, Tre- 
 visan. See Bact. lineola, Cohn. Bact. tril- 
 oculare, Ehrenberg. See Bact. lineola, Cohn. 
 Bact. tuberculosis, Zopf, Bact. tubercu- 
 losum, Koch. See B. tuberculosis, Koch. 
 Bact. tumescens, Zopf. See B. tumescens, 
 Zopf. Bact. typhosum. See B. typhi 
 abdominalis, Eberth and Gaffky. Bact. 
 ulna. See B. ulna, Cohn. Bact. ureae, 
 Cohn. See Microc. urea. Bact. ureae, 
 Jaksch. Found in ammoniacal urine, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf. Not sufficiently investigated. 
 Bact. vermiforme, Ward. Found in fer- 
 mented ginger-beer. Bact. violaceum, Ber- 
 gonzini. Syn., Chromobacterium violaceum, 
 Bergonzini. Found in putrefying solutions of 
 egg-albumen, chg. (violet). Bact. viride. 
 See B. viridis, Van Tieghem. Bact. xan- 
 thinum. See B. synxanthus, Ehrenberg and 
 Schroter. Bact. xylinum, Brown. Found in 
 solutions of carbohydrates, giving rise to acetic 
 acid, and converting dextrose into gluconic acid, 
 and mannitol into levulose. Bact. zopfii, 
 Kurth. See B. zopfii. Bacteroides, Woronin. 
 See under Bacterioid. Beggiatoa alba, Vau- 
 cher. Syn., Beggiatoa punctata, Trevisan; Beg- 
 giatoa leptomitiformis, Meneghi; Oscillaria 
 alba, Vaucher; Hygrocrocis vandelli, Meneghi. 
 Next to Cladothrix the most common bacterium 
 of water, forming a superficial layer in the mud . 
 Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, Cohn. Syn., 
 Beggiatoa cerstedtii, Rabenhorst. See Beggi- 
 atoa marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa arachnoidea, 
 Agardh. Syn., Oscillaria arachnoidea, 
 Agardh; Oscillaria versatilis, Kutz. Found 
 in swamps and sulfur springs. Beggiatoa 
 leptomitiformis, Meneghi and Trevisan. 
 Syn., Oscillaria leptomitiformis, Meneghi. 
 Found in sulfur springs. Beggiatoa marina, 
 Cohn. Syn., Beggiatoa alba, var. marina, 
 Cohn; Beggiatoa cerstedtii, Rabenhorst. 
 Found in a salt-water aquarium, forming a 
 whitish, slimy layer on dead fish. Beggia- 
 toa minima, Warming. Found in sea- 
 water; gray. Beggiatoa mirabilis, Cohn. 
 Found in a salt-water aquarium; snow white. 
 Beggiatoa multisepta. See Pragmidiothrix 
 multisepta, Engler. Held by Zopf to be iden- 
 tical with Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. Beggia- 
 toa nivea, Rabenhorst. Syn., Leptonema 
 niveum; Symphiothrix nivea, Brugger. 
 Found in sulfur springs. Beggiatoa nodosa, 
 Van Tieghem. A doubtful form, character- 
 ized by nodes in the filaments, which differs 
 from other members of the genus in the 
 absence of sulfur grains and of motion. 
 
 Beggiatoa cerstedtii, Rabenhorst. See 
 Beggiatoa marina, Cohn. Beggiatoa pellu- 
 cida, Cohn. Found in a marine aquarium; 
 sulfur grains few. Beggiatoa punctata, 
 Trevisan. See Beggiatoa alba, Cohn. Beg- 
 giatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Syn., Bacte- 
 rium rubescens, Lankester; Bact. sulfur - 
 atum or Bact. sidphuratum, Warming; 
 Clathrocystis roseopersicina, Cohn; Cohnia 
 roseopersicina, Winter, Kiitzing; Microhaloa 
 rosea, Kutz; Ophidiomonas san guinea, Ehr- 
 enberg; Pleurococcus roseopersicina, Raben- 
 horst. Peach-colored . bacterium. Morpho- 
 logically identical with Beggiatoa alba, Vaucher. 
 Forms rose-colored to violet pellicles on put- 
 rid matter. Produces bacteriopurpurin. Beg- 
 giatoa tigrina, Rabenhorst. Syn., Oscillaria 
 tigrina, Roemer. Found in swamps on sub- 
 merged wood. Forms a thin white layer. 
 Bienstock's Putrefactive Bacillus, Bien- 
 stock's Putrefactive Bacillus from the 
 Feces. See B. putrificus coli, Bienstock. 
 Brieger's Bacillus. See B. cavicidus, Brie- 
 ger. Buff Bacillus of Spreading Edema, 
 A. B. Harris, nliqf., aer., chg. (buff), pleom, 
 Capsule Bacillus of Loeb. Obtained from 
 a case of keratomalacia infantum, aer., fac- 
 anaer., nliqf., nmot., pg. Resembles B. capsu- 
 lars, Pfeiffer. Capsule Bacillus of Ozena, 
 Marano. Found in the nasal secretions in ten 
 cases of ozena. Resembles B. pneumoniae 
 friedlanderi. Cf. Microc. loewenbcrgii. Cap- 
 sule Bacillus of Smith. See B. capsulatus 
 smithii. Cheese Spirillum. See Sp. tyrog- 
 enum, Denecke. Chromobacterium vio- 
 laceum, Bergonzini. See Bact. violaceum, 
 Bergonzini. Cladothrix bovis. See Actino- 
 myces bovis, Harz. Cladothrix canis. 
 Held by Rabe to be very like Actinomyces 
 bovis. Cladothrix dichotoma, Cohn and 
 Zopf. Causes lesions of the skin in butchers, 
 tanners, cooks, etc.; called by Rosenbach 
 erysipeloid. See Leptothrix ochracea, Kiitz- 
 ing; Myconostoc gregarium, Cohn. Clado- 
 thrix fcersteri, Cohn. Syn., Crenothrix 
 fcersteri; Streptothrix fcersteri, Cohn, Forms 
 yellowish or grayish concretions in the human 
 lacrimal ducts. Cladothrix intricata, Rus- 
 sell. Obtained from sea-mud (bay of Naples). 
 aer., liqf., mot. Clathrocystis roseopersi- 
 cina, Cohn. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, 
 Zopf. Clostridium butyricum, Prazmow- 
 ski. See B. butyricus, Prazmowski. Clos- 
 tridium fcetidum, Liborius. See B. fcetidus, 
 Passet. Clostridium of Symptomatic An- 
 thrax (or Charbon), Neelsen and Ehlers. 
 See B. chauvcei, Bollinger and Feser. Clos- 
 tridium polymyxa, Prazmowski. See B. 
 pdymyxa, Prazmowski. Coccidioides immi- 
 tis pyogenes, Ophiils and Moffitt. Found in 
 chronic suppurative processes. Coccobacillus 
 pyogenes ureae, Rorsing. See Dip. pyogenes 
 urece. Coccobacteria septica, Billroth. The 
 single term under which Billroth includes all 
 putrefactive bacteria. See B. septicamiaz 
 hcemorrhagicce. Coccobacteria ureae, Ror- 
 sing. See Dip. pyogenes urece. Coccobac- 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 140 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 terium lyssae, Rivolta. See B. lyssa. Coh- 
 nia roseopersicina, Winter and Kutzing. 
 See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Colon 
 Bacillus of Escherich. See B. neapolitanus. 
 Comma Bacillus, Comma Bacillus of 
 Koch, Comma-shaped Bacillus, Waten. 
 See Sp. cholera asiatica, Koch. Corpuscles 
 brillants. See B. fcetidus, Passet. Coryza 
 Diplococci. See Microc. cereus aureus, 
 Schroter and Winkler. Crenothrix fcersteri, 
 Cohn. See Cladothrix fcersteri. Crenothrix 
 kiihniana, Saccardo and Rabenhorst. Syn., 
 Crenothrix polyspora, Cohn; Hypaothrix 
 kiihniana; Leptothrix kiihniana. Found in 
 drinking-water, to which it imparts a dis- 
 agreeable taste. Crenothrix polyspora, 
 Cohn. See Crenothrix kiihniana, Saccardo 
 and Rabenhorst. Cryptococcus alveareus. 
 See B. alvei, Cheshire and Cheyne. Cryp- 
 tococcus clava, Wedl. Found in the stom- 
 achs of ruminants. Cryptococcus cere- 
 visiae, Robin, Cryptococcus fermenta- 
 tum, Kutzing. See Saccharomyces cerevisioe, 
 Reess and Robin. Cryptococcus glutinis, 
 Fersen. See Saccharomyces glutinis. Cryp- 
 tococcus guttulatus, Robin. See Saccharo- 
 myces guttulatus. Cryptococcus natans, 
 Cryptococcus nebulosus, Kutzing. See 
 Bad. termo, Dujardin and Davaine. Crypto- 
 coccus of Yellow Fever. See Cryptococcus 
 xanthogenicus, Freire. Cryptococcus xan- 
 thogenicus, Domingo Freire. Considered 
 by Freire to be the cause of yellow fever. 
 Cf. B. of Yellow Fever. Denecke's Cheese 
 Bacillus. See Sp. tyrogenum. Dengue Mi- 
 crococci. See Scheutzia laughlini. Detio- 
 nella ochracea, Saccardo. See Leptothrix 
 ochracea, Kutzing. Diplococcus albicans 
 amplus, Bumm. Grayish-white micrococcus. 
 Found in mucus from the healthy vagina. 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., npg. Dip. albicans 
 tardissimus. Morphologically identical 
 with the gonococcus, but more adherent, 
 forming small masses. aer., nliqf., npg. 
 Dip. albicans tardus, Unna and Tommasoli. 
 Found in eczema, aer., nliqf., nmot. Dip. 
 citreus conglomeratus, Bumm. Obtained 
 from the air, in dust, and from gonorrheal pus. 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., chg. (lemon-yellow), npg. 
 Dip. citreus liquefaciens, Unna and Tom- 
 masoli. Found on the skin in cases of ec- 
 zema seborrhoicum. aer., liqf., nmot., chg. 
 (lemon yellow), npg. Dip. coryzae, Klebs 
 and Hajek. Obtained from the nasal secre- 
 tions in cases of acute nasal catarrh, aer., 
 nliqf., npg. Dip. flavus liquefaciens tar- 
 dus, Unna and Tommasoli. Found on the 
 skin in cases of eczema seborrhoicum. aer., 
 facanaer., liqf., chg. (chrome yellow), npg. 
 Dip. fluorescens foetidus, Klamann. Ob- 
 tained from the posterior nares. aer., fac- 
 anaer., liqf., chg. (grass-green to violet), npg. 
 Dip. intracellularis meningitidis, Gold- 
 schmidt and Weichselbaum. Found within 
 the cells of the exudate in cerebrospinal men- 
 ingitis, aer., nliqf., pg. Dip. lacteus favi- 
 formis, Bumm. Found frequently in the 
 
 vaginal secretions, aer., nliqf., npg. Dip. 
 luteus, Adametz. Found in water, aer., 
 liqf., mot., chg. (yellow), npg. Dip. of Gon- 
 orrhea. See Microc. gonorrhoea, Neisser. 
 Dip. of Orchitis, Hugounenq and Eraud. 
 Syn., Orchiococcus. Frequently found in 
 gonorrheal pus during the first few days, aer., 
 nliqf., pg. Dip. of Ozena, Lowenberg. 
 Found in the secretions in cases of ozena. 
 Dip. of Pemphigus, Dip. of Pemphigus 
 acutus, Demme. Syn., Micrococcus of 
 Demme. Found in the bullas of pemphigus. 
 aer., nliqf., pg. Resembles the gonococcus. 
 Dip. of Pneumonia in Horses, Schiitz. Ob- 
 tained from the lungs of a horse affected with 
 acute pneumonia, aer., nliqf., pg. Dip. 
 pneumoniae, Weichselbaum. Syn., Pneu- 
 mococcus of Frankel. See B. septicus sputige- 
 nus, Flugge. Dip. pneumoniae fibrinosae, 
 Friedlander. See B. pneumonia friedlanderi. 
 Dip. pyogenes ureae, Rorsing. Syn., Dip- 
 lococcus urea, Rorsing; Coccobacillus pyog- 
 enes urea, Rorsing; Coccobacterium urea, 
 Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. Cf. 
 Dip. urea trifoliatus, Rorsing; Microc. pyog- 
 enes urea flavus, Rorsing. Dip. roseus, 
 Bumm. Found in the air. aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., chg. (pink), npg. Dip. ureae, Rorsing. 
 See Dip. pyogenes urea, Rorsing. Dip. ureae 
 trifoliatus, Rorsing. Found in purulent 
 urine. Cf. Dip. pyogenes urea, Rorsing; 
 Microc. pyogenes urea flavus, Rorsing. Dis- 
 pora caucasica, Kern. See B. caucasicus, 
 Kern. Drumstick Bacillus. See B. putri- 
 ficus coli. Epsilon Bacillus. See Sp. fink- 
 leri. Erythroconus litoralis, (Erstedt. See 
 Sarcina litoralis. Feet-sweat Bacillus. See 
 B. fatidus, B. sapro genes, II, and B. grave- 
 olens. Finkle'r-Prior's Bacillus. See Sp. 
 finkleri. Flesh-colored Bacillus, Tils, aer., 
 liqf., mot., chg. (pink), npg. Flowers of 
 Wine. See Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. 
 Frankel' s Pneumobacillus. See B. septi- 
 cus sputigenus, Flugge. Frog-spawn Bac- 
 terium of Sugar -factories, Frog-spawn 
 Fungus. See Leuconostoc mesenteroides. 
 Gaffkya tetragenus, Saccardo. See Microc. 
 tetragenus, Gaffky. Gas-forming Bacillus. 
 See B. gasoformans, Eisenberg. Ginger- 
 beer Plant, Marshall Ward. Forms jelly- 
 like, semitransparent, yellowish-white, brain- 
 like masses at the bottom of the fermentation; 
 resembles Caucasian kephir grains; it is a sym- 
 biotic association of Saccharomyces pyriformis 
 and of Bact. vermiforme. Glacier Bacillus. 
 See B. fluorescens nivalis, Schmolck. Glio- 
 coccus. A micrococcus with a slimy capsule. 
 Golden Staphylococcus. See 5 1 . pyogenes 
 aureus, Ogston, Becker. Gray-white Mi- 
 crococcus, Bumm. See Dip. albicans am- 
 plus, Bumm. Haematococcus bovis, Babes, 
 Zimmermann. Obtained from the blood and 
 viscera of cattle dead of an epidemic infectious 
 disease characterized by hemoglobinuria (in 
 Rumania), aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. Hay 
 Bacillus. See B. subtilis, Ehrenberg. Heli- 
 cobacterium aerogenes, Miller. See B. 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 141 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 aerogenes, III, Miller. Helicobacterium 
 
 klebsii, Escherich. Found in the intestine of 
 guinea-pigs, pleom. Helicomonas, Klebs. 
 Syphilis fungus. Cf. B. syphilidis, Lustgar- 
 ten. Hormiscium cerevisiae, Bonard, Hor- 
 miscium vini, Hormiscium vini et cere- 
 visiae, Bonard. See Saccharomyces myco- 
 derma. Hueppe's Bacillus of Butyric-acid 
 Fermentation. See B. butyricus, Hueppe. 
 Hygrocrocis vandelli, Meneghi. See Beg- 
 giatoa alba, Trevisan. Hypaeothrix kiihni- 
 ana. See Crenothrix kuhniana. Influenza 
 Bacillus. See B. of Influenza, Pfeiffer. 
 Iodococcus vaginatus, Miller. Found in 
 unclean mouths; gives peculiar reaction with 
 iodin, the sheath being stained yellow, the 
 cocci dark blue. Koch's Bacillus, K.'s 
 Comma Bacillus, Comma Bacillus. See 
 Sp. choleroe asiaticce, Koch. Lanceolate 
 Coccus, Lancet-shaped Micrococcus, Tal- 
 amon. See B. septicus sputigenus, Fliigge. 
 Lepra Bacillus. See B. leprce, Hansen. 
 Leptonema niveum. See Beggiatoa nivea, 
 Rabenhorst. Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. 
 Syn., Leptothrix gigantea, Miller; Leptothrix 
 pulmonalis; Rasmussenia buccalis, Sac- 
 cardo. Found in the mouth of man and ani- 
 mals. Falsely considered the cause of dental 
 caries. Leptothrix buccalis of Vignal. See 
 B. buccalis (a), Vignal. Leptothrix epi- 
 dermidis. Syn., Bacillus epidermidis, Bizzo- 
 zero; Microsporon minutissimum, Burchardt. 
 Found on the epidermis between the toes, and 
 held by Bizzozero to be nonpathogenic, but by 
 Boeck to be the cause of erythrasma. Lepto- 
 thrix gigantea, Miller. Found on the teeth 
 of dogs, sheep, cattle, and other animals 
 affected with pyorrhoea alveolaris. Some 
 consider it identical with Leptothrix buccalis, 
 Robin. Leptothrix hyalina, Reinsch. 
 Found on marine algae. Leptothrix innomi- 
 nata, Miller. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. 
 Leptothrix kuhniana. See Crenothrix kuh- 
 niana, Saccardo. Leptothrix lacrimalis. 
 See Cladothrix fcersteri, Cohn. Leptothrix 
 lanugo, Kiitzing. Found on marine algae 
 near Heligoland. Leptothrix maxima buc- 
 calis, Miller. See B. buccalis maximus, Mil- 
 ler. Leptothrix muralis, Kiitzing. See 
 Leptothrix parasitica. Leptothrix natans. 
 See Sphcerotilus natans, Saccardo. Lepto- 
 thrix ochracea, Kiitzing. Syn., Detionella 
 ochracea, Saccardo; Cladothrix dichotoma, ■ 
 Zopf. According to Zopf, this represents fila- 
 ments of cladothrix stained with iron oxid. 
 Leptothrix of Puerperal Fever, Leptothrix 
 puerperalis, Fettz. See B. puerperalis, En- 
 gel and Spillmann. Leptothrix parasitica, 
 Kiitzing. Parasitic on fresh-water alga?. 
 Leptothrix pulmonalis. See Leptothrix 
 buccalis, Robin. Leptothrix pusilla, Raben- 
 horst. Found on fresh-water algae, also in the 
 mouth, Klebs. Leptothrix symplacoides, 
 Dickie. Found on marine alga?. Lepto- 
 thrix vaginalis. Found in the vagina of 
 animals and women. Leptothrix variabilis, 
 Saccardo. Found in saliva of healthy persons. 
 
 Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Van Tieghem. 
 Syn., A scococcus mesenteroides, Cienkowski; 
 Frog-spawn bacterium of sugar-factories; 
 Frog-spawn fungus. A source of great loss to 
 the manufacturers of beet-sugar, frequently 
 and rapidly converting large quantities of 
 the beet-juice into a mucilaginogelatinous 
 mass. Liborius' Bacillus of Butyric-acid 
 Fermentation. See B. butyricus, Prazmow- 
 ski. Lissophyton suspectum, Hallier. See 
 B. lyssce, Pasteur. Loffler's Bacillus. See 
 B. diphtherias, Klebs and Loffler. Melunella 
 flexuosa, Borg. See Sp. rugula, Miiller. 
 Merismopoedia chondroidea, With, Meris- 
 mopcedia glauca. See Sarcina renis, Hep- 
 worth. Merismopoedia goodsirii. See Sar- 
 cina ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopoedia 
 hyalina, Kiitzing. See Sarcina hyalina, Kiitz- 
 ing. Merismopoedia litoralis, Rabenhorst. 
 See Sarcina litoralis, (Erstedt. Merismo- 
 poedia reitenbachii, Caspary. See Sarcina 
 reitenbachii, Caspary. Merismopoedia uri- 
 nae, Rabenhorst. See Sarcina urince, Welcker. 
 Merismopoedia ventriculi, Husem. See 
 Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Merismopoedia 
 violacea, Kiitzing. See Sarcina violacea, 
 Kiitzing. Metallacter anthracis, Trevisan. 
 See B. anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. 
 Metallacter tremulus, Trevisan. See B. 
 tremulus, Koch. Metallacter ulna, Trevi- 
 san. See B. ulna, Cohn. Micrococcus aceti. 
 See B. aceti, Kiitzing. Microc. acidi lactici, 
 Marpmann. Found in milk; resembles in its 
 action B. acidi lactici, Hueppe. aer., nliqf., 
 nmot., npg. Cf. Sphcerococcus acidi lactici, 
 Marpmann. Microc. acidi lactici lique- 
 faciens, Kriiger. Found in butter and 
 cheese, aer., facanaer., liqf., nmot. Microc. 
 aerogenes, Miller. Found in the intestinal 
 tract of man. aer., liqf., nmot., npg. Microc. 
 agilis, Ali-Cohen. Found in drinking-water. 
 aer., liqf., mot., npg. A motile coccus, pro- 
 vided with a flagellum; described by Menge. 
 Found' in water. Microc. agilis citreus, 
 Menge. Microc. (Diplococcus) albicans 
 amplus, Bumm. Syn., Neisseria albicans. 
 Frequently found in the vaginal secretions. 
 aer., liqf., npg. Microc. albicans tardissi- 
 mus, Eisenberg, Bumm. Found in the vagi- 
 nal secretions of puerperal women, aer., fac- 
 anaer. nliqf., npg. Microc. (Diplococcus) 
 albicans tardus, Unna and Tommasoli. 
 Found in eczema, aer., nliqf., nmot. Mi- 
 croc. albus urinae. See Microc. urinalbus. 
 Microc. amylovorus, Burrill and Arthur. 
 Syn., Micrococcus of apple-blight; Bacterium of 
 pear-blight. Produces fermentation in saccha- 
 rine fluids, aer., nliqf., mot., pg. (for apple and 
 pear trees). Cf. B. butyricus, Prazmowski. 
 Microc. aquatilis, Bolton. Found frequently 
 in water, aer., nliqf., npg. Microc. arei 
 celsii, Buchner and Sehlen. Syn., Bacte- 
 rium decalvans, Thin. Found on the dis- 
 eased hairs in alopecia areata. Cf. B. of 
 Alopecia areata, Kasauli, and Microc. of 
 Alopecia areata, Robinson. Microc. asco- 
 formans, Johne. See Microc. botryo genes, 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 142 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 Rabe. Microc. aurantiacus, Cohn. Syn., 
 Pediococcus aurantiacus. Found in water. 
 aer., nliqf., chg. (orange-yellow), npg. Microc. 
 biskrae. See Microc. of Heydenreich. Mi- 
 croc. blennorrhoeus. See Microc. gonor- 
 rhoea, Neisser. Microc. bombycis, Cohn, 
 Bechamp. Syn., Streptococcus bombycis, Be- 
 champ. Found in the intestinal tract of silk- 
 worms and other Lepidoptera dead of the epi- 
 demic disease known in France as la flacherie; 
 etiologic relation demonstrated by Pasteur. 
 Microc. botryogenes, Bollinger, Rabe. 
 Syn., Bollingera equi, Saccardo; Ascococcus 
 johnei, Cohn; Micrococcus ascoformans, Johne; 
 Microc. of mykodesmoids of the horse. Found 
 in colonies in the connective tissue of horses 
 affected with "mykodesmoids." aer., liqf., 
 pg. Microc. candicans, Flugge. Found 
 abundantly in air and water, aer., nliqf., 
 npg. Microc. candidus, Cohn. Found in 
 water, aer., nliqf., npg. Microc. capil- 
 lorum. Found on the scalp and said to alter 
 the color of the hair, aer., chg. (reddish- 
 yellow). Microc. carneus, Zimmermann. 
 Found in water, aer., nliqf., chg. (red to vio- 
 let), npg. Microc. cerasinus siccus, List. 
 aer., nliqf., chg. (cherry-red), npg. Microc. 
 cereus albus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus 
 cereus albus, Passet. Found in the pus of acute 
 abscesses, and by Tils in hydrant-water (Frei- 
 burg), aer., nliqf., npg. Microc. cereus 
 aureus, Schroter and Winkler. Syn., Staphy- 
 lococcus cereus aureus, S. and W. Found in 
 the thin secretions of coryza. aer., nliqf., chg. 
 (orange-red), npg. Microc. cereus flavus, 
 Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus cereus flavus, 
 Passet; Staphylococcus passetii. Found in an 
 acute abscess, aer., nliqf., chg. (lemon -yellow), 
 npg. Microc. chlorinus. Occurs in zooglea 
 masses, aer., chg. (greenish-yellow), npg. 
 Microc. cholerae gallinarum, Pasteur. See 
 B. septicamia hemorrhagica, Sternberg. 
 Microc. cinnabareus, Flugge. Syn., Strep- 
 tococcus cinnabareus, Flugge. Found in air 
 and water, aer., nliqf., chg. (reddish-brown), 
 npg. Microc. citreus, List. Syn., Staphy- 
 lococcus citreus, List. Found in water, also 
 by Lannelongue and Achard in the seat of an 
 old osteomyelitis, aer., nliqf., chg. (pale- 
 yellow), npg. Microc. citreus conglomer- 
 atus, Bumm. See Dip. citreus conglomer- 
 ate, Bumm. Microc. concentricus, Zim- 
 mermann. Found in water, aer., nliqf., 
 sap., npg. Microc. conglomerate, Weich- 
 selbaum. Syn., Neisseria conglomerata, W. 
 Microc. coronatus, Flugge. Syn., Strepto- 
 coccus coronatus, Flugge. Found in the air. 
 aer., liqf., npg. Microc. cremoides, Zim- 
 mermann. Found in water, aer., liqf., chg. 
 (yellowish-white), npg. Microc. crepuscu- 
 lum, Cohn. See B. termo, Ehrenberg and Du- 
 jardin. Microc. cumulatus tenuis, von 
 Besser. Found in abundance in the nasal 
 mucus of man. aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. 
 Microc. cyaneus, Schroter. Obtained from 
 the air on boiled potatoes, aer., chg. (cobalt 
 blue, altered to carmin by acids, restored 
 
 by alkalis). Microc. decalvans, Schroter. 
 Syn., Bacterium decalvans, Saccardo. Cf. B. 
 of Alopecia areata, Kasauli; Microc. arei 
 celsii,- Buchner and Sehlen; Microc. of Alo- 
 pecia areata, Robinson. Microc. diffluens, 
 Schroter. Found in the air, dust, and in ex- 
 crement; common, aer., nliqf., chg. (yellow, 
 with a greenish fluorescence; not modified by 
 acids). Resembles B. fluorescens putidus, 
 Flugge. Microc. diphtheritica, Oertel, 
 Cohn, Loffler. Syn., Streptococcus articu- 
 lorum, Loffler. Found in the false mem- 
 branes and in the tissues of diphtheria pa- 
 tients; Cornil identifies this with Microc. 
 pyogenes, Rosenbach. aer., nliqf., pg. Mi- 
 croc. doyenii. See Microc. urine albus ole- 
 arius, Doyen. Microc. endocarditicus. 
 Syn., Streptococcus endocarditicus. Microc. 
 endocarditidis rugatus, Weichselbaum. 
 Found in a case of ulcerative endocarditis. 
 aer., nliqf., pg. Microc. erysipelatis, Mi- 
 croc. erysipelatos, Microc. erysipelatosus, 
 Fehleisen. See Microc. pyogenes, Rosen- 
 bach. Microc. fermenti. See Microc. 
 viniperda. Microc. fervidosus, Adametz. 
 Found in water, aer., liqf., npg. Microc. 
 fickii. Found in healthy and diseased eyes. 
 Microc. finlayensis, Sternberg. Obtained 
 from the viscera of a yellow-fever cadaver. 
 aer., liqf., chg. (pale yellow), npg. Microc. fla- 
 vus. See Microc. flavus liquefaciens, Flugge. 
 Microc. flavus desidens, Flugge. Found 
 in air and water, aer., liqf., chg. (yellowish 
 brown), npg. Microc. flavus liquefaciens, 
 Flugge. Syn., Micrococcus flavus; Micrococ- 
 cus liquefaciens. Found in air and water. 
 aer., liqf., chg. (yellow), npg. Microc. flavus 
 tardigradus, Flugge. Syn., Micrococcus tardi- 
 gradus. Found in the air and water, aer., nliqf., 
 chg. (dark olive-green), npg. Microc. foe- 
 tidus, Klamann, Rosenbach. Found in the 
 posterior nares of man. aer., liqf., npg. Mi- 
 croc. freudenreichii, Guillebeau. One of the 
 two forms found by Guillebeau to produce ropi- 
 ness in*milk. aer., liqf., npg. Cf. Bad. hessii, 
 Guillebeau. Microc. friedlanderi. See B. 
 pneumonia friedlanderi. Microc. fulvus, 
 Cohn. Syn., Staphylococcus fulvus. Found 
 in horse and rabbit dung, aer., nmot., nliqf., 
 chg. (rose), npg. Microc. fuscus, Maschek. 
 Found in water, aer., nmot., liqf., chg. (sepia- 
 brown), npg. Microc. gallicidus. See B. 
 septicemia hemorrhagica, Sternberg. Mi- 
 croc. gelatinosus. Found in milk, which it 
 causes to coagulate at about 22 C. Microc. 
 gingivae pyogenes, Miller. Found in the 
 mouth of a man affected with alveolar abscess. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. Microc. gonor- 
 rhoeae, Neisser. Syn., Micrococcus blennor- 
 rhoeus; Neisseria gonorrhea; Micrococcus 
 gonococcus. Found in gonorrheal pus. aer. 
 No growth on ordinary gelatin; has been 
 grown on acid gelatin and human blood- 
 serum, pg. Microc. griseus, Winter. 
 See Bad. griseum, Warming. Microc. hae- 
 matodes, Babes. Syn., Micrococcus of 
 red sweat. Found in foul sweat from the 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 143 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 axilla. aer., chg. (red), npg. Microc. 
 havaniensis, Sternberg. Syn., Bacillus 
 havaniensis, Sternberg. Obtained by Stern- 
 berg in his investigation of yellow fever, aer., 
 nliqf., chg. (blood-red). Only found in the 
 presence of free oxygen. Microc. imetro- 
 phus, Trevisan. See B. prodigiosus, Ehren- 
 berg. Microc. indicus, Koch. See B. indi- 
 cus, Koch. Microc. influenzae, Letzerich. 
 Syn., Streptococcus seiferti; Micrococcus of in- 
 fluenza, Seifert. See B. of Influenza, Pfeiffer. 
 Microc. insectorum, Burrill. Syn., Strep- 
 tococcus insectorum. Found in the cecal 
 appendages or pancreatic organs of the chinch- 
 bug (Blissus leucopterus, Say) and the higher 
 Hemiptera. Especially recommended as a 
 remedy for the chinch-bug and for Halticus 
 minutus, so damaging to the peanut. Mi- 
 croc. intracellularis meningitidis, Neu- 
 mann and Schaffer. Syn., Micrococcus men- 
 ingitidis, Neumann; Neisseria weichsel- 
 baumii. Found in the tissues of the brain and 
 spinal cord in cases of cerebrospinal menin- 
 gitis. Microc. lacteus faviformis, Bumm. 
 Syn., Neisseria lactea. Frequently found in 
 normal vaginal mucus, aer., nliqf., npg.. 
 Microc. lactis viscosus, Conn. Syn., Mi- 
 crococcus of bitter milk, Conn. The cause of 
 the bitter taste of milk and cream, aer., liqf., 
 nmot., npg. Microc. liquefaciens. See 
 Microc. flavus liquefaciens, Flugge. Microc. 
 liquefaciens, von Besser. Found in the 
 nasal secretions of healthy persons. aer., 
 facanaer., liqf., npg. Microc. loewenber- 
 gii. Syn., Micrococcus of ozena. Found 
 in the secretions in cases of ozena, aer., 
 liqf., pg. Microc. luteus, Cohn. Found in 
 water, the superficial soil, dust of bedrooms, 
 moist foods, etc. aer., nliqf., chg. (yellow), 
 npg. Microc. lyssae, Neisser. Syn., Neis- 
 seria lyssce; Micrococcus of hydrophobia; 
 Microc. of rabies, Fol. Found in the spinal 
 cord of rabid animals. Cornil and Babes 
 throw doubt on the culture experiments of Fol. 
 Microc. major, Doyen. See Microc. urince 
 major, Doyen. Microc. manfredii. Syn., 
 Streptococcus manfredii; Micrococcus of pro- 
 gressive granuloma formation. Found in the 
 sputum in two cases of pneumonia follow- 
 ing measles, aer., nliqf., pg. Microc. mas- 
 tobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and Kitt. Syn., 
 Streptococcus nocardi; Micrococcus of bovine 
 mastitis, Kitt; Micrococcus of mastitis in 
 cows; Streptococcus of mastitis in cows; 
 Micrococcus of contagious mammitis; Mi- 
 crococcus of gangrenous mastitis in sheep, 
 Nocard. Obtained from the milk of cows and 
 sheep affected with mastitis, aer., facanaer. 
 The form found in cattle is said to be non- 
 liquef active; that of sheep liquefies both gelatin 
 and blood-serum. Sternberg recognizes three 
 distinct forms producing mastitis. Microc. 
 meningitidis, Neumann. See Microc. intra- 
 cellularis meningitidis, Neumann and Schaf- 
 fer. Microc. meningitidis purulentae, 
 Heydenreich. Microc. morbillosus. See 
 Microc. of Measles. Microc, nasalis, Hack. 
 
 Found in the nasopharyngeal space, aer., 
 mot., nliqf., npg. Microc. nitrificans, 
 Van Tieghem. Found in water, aer., npg. 
 Microc. oblongus. See Bact. oblongum, 
 Boutroux. Microc. ochroleucus, Prove 
 and Legrain. Syn., Streptococcus ochro- 
 leucus. Found in urine, aer., nliqf., chg. 
 (sulfur yellow), npg. Microc. of Acute 
 Infectious Osteomyelitis. See Microc. py- 
 ogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Microc. of Alo- 
 pecia areata, von Sehlen, Robinson, Vail- 
 lard, and Vincent. Found on the hairs 
 from the diseased patches, aer., liqf., pg. 
 Cf. B. of Alopecia areata and Microc. arei 
 celsii. Microc. of Ammoniacal Urine. 
 See Microc. urea, Cohn, and Microc. urece 
 liquefaciens, Flugge. Microc. of Apple- 
 blight. See B. butyricus, Botkin, Prazmow- 
 ski, etc. Microc. of Beriberi, Lacerda. Syn., 
 Bacillus beribericus, Lacerda; Micrococcus 
 of biskra button. See Microc. of Heyden- 
 reich. Microc. of Bitter Milk. See Mi- 
 croc. lactis viscosus, Conn. Microc. of Bo- 
 vine Mastitis, Kitt. See Microc. mastobius, 
 Nocard, Mollereau, and Kitt. Microc. of 
 Bovine Pneumonia, Poels and Nolen. Syn., 
 Micrococcus of cattle pneumonia. Found in 
 the lungs of cattle suffering from infectious 
 pleuropneumonia, aer., nliqf., pg. Microc. 
 of Bronchitis, Picchini. Three distinct 
 forms, aer., liqf. Cf. B. of Bronchitis. Mi- 
 croc. of Cerebrospinal Meningitis. See 
 Microc. intracellularis meningitidis, Neu- 
 mann and Schaffer. Microc. of Chicken- 
 pox. See S. viridis flavescens, Guttmann. 
 Microc. of Contagious Mammitis. See 
 Microc. mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and 
 Kitt. Microc. of Cow-pox. See Microc. 
 variola et vaccinae, Cohn. Microc. of Dan- 
 tec. Obtained from salted codfish which had 
 turned red. aer., nliqf., chg. (yellow, chang- 
 ing to deep red), npg. Microc. of Demme. 
 See Dip. of Pemphigus acutus, Demme. Mi- 
 croc. of Dengue, McLaughlin. See Scheutzia 
 laughlini. Microc. of Dental Caries. 
 See Leptothrix vulgaris, Robin; Leptothrix 
 gigantea, Miller; Miller's Epsilon Bacillus, 
 and Sp. dentium, Arnt. Microc. of Diph- 
 theria. See Streptococcus articulorum, Lof- 
 tier. Microc. of Disse and Taguchi. Ob- 
 tained from the blood, the secretions of broad 
 condyloma, as well as the primary indurations 
 of syphilis. Etiologic relations not confirmed. 
 Microc. of Drinking-water. See Microc. 
 aquatilis, Bolton. Microc. of Egyptian 
 Ophthalmia. See Microc. of Trachoma, 
 Sattler and Michel. Microc. of Endocar- 
 ditis. See Str. endocarditicus and Microc. en- 
 docarditicus rugatus, Weichselbaum. Microc. 
 of Erysipelas, Fehleisen. See Microc. pyoge- 
 nes, Rosenbach. Microc. of Fischel, II. 
 Found in the blood in two cases of influenza. 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., pg. Microc. of Foot- 
 and-mouth Disease. Syn., Streptocytus of 
 Eczema epizootica, Schottelius; Streptococcus 
 apthicola, Hallier. Found in the vesicular 
 eruptions about the mouth and feet of cattle, 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 144 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 pigs, and sheep. Communicable to man. 
 aer., facanaer. Pathogenesis not fully settled. 
 Cf. B. of Ulcerative Stomatitis of Cattle. Mi- 
 croc. of Forbes. Found in the bodies of 
 larvas of the cabbage-butterfly, Pieris rapa, 
 affected with an infectious disease. Microc. 
 of Fowl Cholera. See B. septicamia hamor- 
 rhagica, Sternberg. Microc. of Freire. See 
 Cryptococcus xanthogenicus. Microc. of 
 Furuncle. See Microc. pyogenes aureus. 
 Microc. of Gangrenous Mastitis in Sheep, 
 Microc. of Gangrenous Mammitis. See 
 Microc. mastobius, Nocard, Mollereau, and 
 Kitt. Microc. of Gonorrhea. See Microc. 
 gonorrhoea, Neisser. Microc. of Gray Par- 
 rot Disease. See Microc. psittaci, Eberth 
 and Wolf. M. of Hepatitis enzootica of 
 Hogs. See Microc. porcellorum. Microc. 
 of Heydenreich. Syn., Streptococcus biskrce; 
 Microc. of biskra button. Found in the tu- 
 mors and ulcers characteristic of Aleppo boil 
 or biskra button, aer., liqf., pg. Microc. of 
 Hydrophobia. See Microc. lyssce, Pasteur. 
 Microc. of Infectious Osteomyelitis. See 
 Microc. pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach, and 
 Microc. osteomyelitidis, Becker and Kraske. 
 Microc. of Influenza, Seifert. Syn., Strep- 
 tococcus seiferti. See Microc. influenza, Letz- 
 erich. Microc. of Kirchner. Obtained from 
 the sputum of patients suffering with in- 
 fluenza, aer., pg. Microc. of Manfredi. 
 See Microc. manfredii. Microc. of Mas- 
 titis, Kitt. See Micrococcus mastobius, No- 
 card and Mollereau. Microc. of Measles, 
 Klebs and Keating. Syn., Streptococcus mor- 
 billosus; Micrococcus morbillosus. Found in 
 the blood and exudates of persons afflicted 
 with measles. Fl'ugge considers it unim- 
 portant. Microc. of Mykodesmoids of the 
 Horse. See Microc. botryogenes, Rabe. Mi- 
 croc. of Osteomyelitis. See Microc. py- 
 ogenes aureus, Ogston. Microc. of Ozena. 
 See Microc. loewenbergii. Microc. of Pear- 
 blight, Burrill. See B. butyricus, Prazmow- 
 ski. Microc. of Pebrine. See Nosema 
 bombycis, Nageli. Microc. of Pneumonia.^ 
 See B. pneumonia friedlanderi and Microc. 
 septicus, Flugge. Microc. of Progressive 
 Abscess Formation in Rabbits, Koch. 
 Found in the exudates of rabbits inoculated 
 with putrefying blood, pg. Microc. of 
 Progressive Granuloma Formation. See 
 Microc. manfredii. Microc. of Progressive 
 Tissue Necrosis in Mice, Koch. Found in 
 the exudates of mice inoculated with putrid 
 blood, pg. Microc. of Pyemia in Rab- 
 bits, Koch. Found in the exudates of rabbits 
 inoculated with putrefying flesh infusion, pg. 
 Microc. of Rabies^ Fol. See Microc. lyssa, 
 Neisser. Microc. of Red Sweat. See Mi- 
 croc. hamatodes, Babes. Microc. of S. Le 
 M. Moore. See B. fatidus, Liborius. Mi- 
 croc. of Salvioli. See B. septicus sputigen- 
 us, Flugge. Microc. of Scarlatina, Pohl 
 and Pincus. See Microc. scarlatina. Mi- 
 croc. of Septicemia in Rabbits, Koch. 
 Syn., Streptococcus kochii. Found in the ex- 
 
 udates of rabbits inoculated with putrefying 
 flesh infusion, pg. Microc. of Smallpox. 
 See Microc. variola et vaccina, Cohn. Mi- 
 croc. of Sputum Septicemia. See B. septi- 
 cus sputigenus, Flugge. Microc. of Swine 
 Plague or Hog Cholera. See B. of 
 Swine Plague, Reitsch and Jobert, and B. 
 ex pneumoenteritide suis, Klein. Microc. 
 of Syphilis, Haberkorn and Marcus. 
 Found in the white blood-corpuscles in 
 cases of syphilis. aer., osc, chg. (red). 
 Microc. of Trachoma, Sattler and Michel. 
 Syn., Neisseria rebellis; Micrococcus of 
 Egyptian ophthalmia. Found in the secre- 
 tions and nodules of the conjunctiva in 
 cases of trachoma, aer., nliqf., pg. Re- 
 searches of Baumgarten and Kartulis go to 
 show that this form has no etiologic relation 
 to the diseases mentioned. Microc. of Vac- 
 cinia. See Microc. variola et vaccina, Cohn. 
 Microc. of Whooping-cough, Letzerich. 
 Found in the sputum in cases of whooping- 
 cough. See B. tussis convulsiva, Afanassiew. 
 Microc. olearius. See Microc. urina flavus 
 olearius. Microc. osteomyelitidis, Becker. 
 Syn., Micrococcus of acute infectious osteo- 
 myelitis. See Microc. pyogenes aureus, Rosen- 
 bach. Microc. ovalis, Escherich. Found 
 in the meconium and feces of infants, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., npg. Microc. ovatus. See 
 Nosema bombycis. Microc. pasteuri, Stern- 
 berg. See B. septicus sputigenus, Flugge. 
 Microc. petechialis, Neisser. Syn., Neis- 
 seria petechialis. Microc. pfliigeri, Ludwig. 
 See Photobacterium pfliigeri, Ludwig. Mi- 
 croc. phosphoreus, Cohn. See B. phos- 
 phoreus, Cohn. Microc. plumosus, Brauti- 
 gam. Found in water, aer., nliqf., npg. 
 Microc. pneumoniae crouposae, Sternberg. 
 See B. septicus sputigenus, Flugge. Microc. 
 pneumoniae infectiosae, Friedlander. See 
 B. pneumonia friedlanderi. Microc. porcel- 
 lorum. Syn., Micrococcus of hepatitis en- 
 zootica of hogs. Found in hogs affected with 
 hepatitis (Russia), aer., liqf., pg. Microc. 
 prodigiosus, Cohn. See B. prodigiosus, 
 Ehrenberg. Microc. pseudocyaneus, Cohn. 
 Found in boiled potatoes exposed to air. aer., 
 chg. (verdigris green), npg. Microc. psittaci, 
 .Wolf. Syn., Streptococcus perniciosus psit- 
 tacorum, Eberth and Wolf; Micrococcus of 
 gray parrot disease. The cause of a disease 
 of parrots resembling fowl cholera; fatal to 
 many of the parrots imported from Guinea 
 into Europe. Microc. putridus. A form 
 emitting a fetid gas from gelatin when mixed 
 with iodoform. Microc. pyocyaneus, Ges- 
 sard. . See B. pyocyaneus a, Gessard. Mi- 
 croc. pyogenes, Rosenbach. Syn., Strepto- 
 coccus pyogenes; Streptococcus erysipelatis; 
 Streptococcus longus, von Lingelsheim; Micro- 
 coccus erysipelatis (-tos) (-tosus); Streptococcus 
 of pus; Micrococcus of erysipelas, Fehleisen. 
 Found in the pus of acute abscesses and 
 in the skin in cases of erysipelas, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., pg. Microc. pyogenes 
 albus, Rosenbach. Syn., Staphylococcus 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 145 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 pyogenes albus, Passet ; Staphylococcus epi- 
 dermidis albus, Welch. Frequently found in 
 company with Microc. pyogenes aureus. The 
 cause of "stitch abscesses." aer., liqf., pg. 
 Microc. pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. Syn., 
 Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus; Micrococcus 
 of infectious osteomyelitis. The species most 
 frequently found in pus. Obtained from 
 various suppurations, boils, anthrax, . osteo- 
 myelitis, ulcerative endocarditis, phlegmon, 
 etc. aer., facanaer., liqf., chg. (brilliant 
 golden yellow), pg. Microc. pyogenes cit- 
 reus, Passet. Syn., Staphylococcus pyogenes 
 citreus, Passet; Micrococcus pyogenes flavus. 
 Found associated with the two preceding 
 forms, in acute abscesses, aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., chg. (lemon yellow), pg. Held by 
 some to be but a variety of Microc. pyo- 
 genes aureus. Microc. pyogenes tenuis, 
 Rosenbach. Syn., Micrococcus rosenbachii. 
 Found in pus. Culture thin, varnish -like; 
 pathogenesis not settled. Cf. Microc. sep- 
 ticus, Flugge. Microc. pyogenes ureae 
 flavus, Rorsing. Found in purulent urine. 
 Cf. Dip. pyogenes urecB, Rorsing; Dip. 
 urea trifoliatus, Rorsing. Microc. pyosep- 
 ticus, Richet. Syn., Staphylococcus pyosep- 
 ticus, Hericourt and Richet. Obtained from 
 a carcinomatous tumor in a dog. aer., liqf., 
 pg.; resembles Microc. pyogenes albus, Rosen- 
 bach. Microc. radiatus, Flugge. Syn., 
 Streptococcus radiatus, Flugge. Found in air 
 and water, aer., liqf., npg. Microc. rheum- 
 arthritidis, Kussmaul. See B. rheutnarthri- 
 tidis, Kussmaul. Microc. rosenbachii. 
 See Microc. pyogeties tenuis, Rosenbach. 
 Microc. rosettaceus, Zimmermann. Found 
 in water, aer., nliqf., npg. Microc. roseus, 
 Eisenberg. Found in the sputum of a person 
 suffering from influenza, aer., facanaer., liqf., 
 chg. (pink), npg. Microc. roseus, Bumm. 
 See Dip. roseus, Bumm. Microc. roseus, 
 Maggiora, Flugge. Syn., Neisseria rosea. 
 Found on the skin, aer., npg. Microc. 
 salivarius pyogenes, Biondi. Syn., Staphylo- 
 coccus salivarius pyogenes, Biondi. Found 
 in an abscess produced in a guinea-pig by 
 inoculation with saliva from a child affected 
 with anginose scarlatina. aer., liqf., pg. 
 Microc. salivarius septicus, Biondi. Ob- 
 tained from animals after inoculation with 
 saliva from a person with puerperal septicemia. 
 aer., nliqf., pg. Cf. Microc. sialo septicus. 
 Microc. scarlatinae, Pohl and Pincus. See 
 Microc. scarlatinosa. Microc. scarlatino- 
 sa, Coze and Feltz. Syn., Perroncitoa scarla- 
 tinosce ; Micrococcus of scarlatina, Pohl and 
 Pincus. Found in the blood, on the desqua- 
 mating skin, and on the palate of scarlatina 
 patients; resembles Microc. septicus, Flugge. 
 Cf. Sir. rubiginosus, Edington, and B. of Scarla- 
 tina, Crooke. Microc. septicus, Cohn. See 
 B. septicamia hamorrhagica, Sternberg. Mi- 
 croc. septicus, Flugge; Syn., Streptococcus sep- 
 ticus, Flugge. Streptococcus pyogenes, Saccar- 
 do; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Weichselbaum. 
 Found in soil, aer., nliqf., pg. Microc. 
 Ji 
 
 septopyaemicus. Syn., Streptococcus sep- 
 topycemicus. Obtained from cases of phleg- 
 monous angina and erysipelas of the larynx. 
 aer., nliqf., pg. Resembles Microc. septicus, 
 Flugge. Microc. sialosepticus. Found in 
 the saliva in a case of puerperal septicemia. 
 aer., nliqf., pg. Cf. Microc. salivarius sep- 
 ticus, Biondi. Microc. subflavus, Flugge, 
 Neisser. Syn., Neisseria subflava; Yel- 
 lowish-white micrococcus or diplococcus, 
 Bumm. Obtained from the lochia of puer- 
 peral women and from vaginal mucus, aer., 
 liqf-i Pg- Microc. *suis, Burrill. See B. 
 tardigradus. Microc. tardigradus. See 
 Microc. flavus tardigradus, Flugge. Mi- 
 croc. tetragenus, Gaffky. Syn., Gaffkya 
 tetragenus, Saccardo. Obtained from a 
 cavity in the lung of a person with pul- 
 monary tuberculosis, aer., facanaer., nliqf., 
 pg. Microc. tetragenus, Marotta. Con- 
 stantly found in smallpox vesicles and 
 pustules, aer., liqf., Pg. Produces vaccinia 
 in calves. Microc. tetragenus febris 
 flavas, Finlay. Syn., Micrococcus tetragenus 
 versatilis, Sternberg. Obtained from the 
 excrement of mosquitos which had drawn 
 blood from yellow-fever patients; also from 
 the surface of the body in the same disease 
 (Sternberg), aer., liqf., chg. (lemon yellow), 
 npg. Microc. tetragenus mobilis ven- 
 triculi, Mendosa. Found in the contents 
 of the stomach of man. aer., nliqf., mot., 
 npg. Microc. tetragenus subflavus, von 
 Besser. Found in nasal mucus. aer., 
 facanaer. (no growth in gelatin), npg. Microc. 
 tetragenus versatilis, Sternberg. See Mi- 
 croc. tetragenus febris flaw, Finlay. Microc. 
 toxicatus, Burrill. Syn., Streptococcus 
 toxicatus, Burrill. Found in the poison of 
 the poison-ivy, Rhus toxicodendron. Microc. 
 ulceris mollis. See B. of Chancroid, Du- 
 crey. Microc. ureae, Cohn. Syn., Bacter- 
 ium urece, Cohn; Streptococcus urea; Torida 
 urea, Pasteur. Found in urine, in which 
 it produces ammoniacal fermentation. Mi- 
 croc. ureae, Pasteur and Van Tieghem. 
 Found in the air and in ammoniacal urine. 
 aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Possibly the 
 last two forms and Bad. urea, Jaksch, 
 are identical. Microc. ureae liquefaciens, 
 Flugge. Syn., Streptococcus athebius. Found 
 in ammoniacal urine, aer., facanaer., liqf., 
 npg. Microc. urinae albus olearius, 
 Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus doyenii. Found 
 under the same conditions as the last form. 
 aer., liqf. Microc. urinae flavus olearius, 
 Doyen. Syn., Micrococcus olearius. Found 
 in the urine in cystitis, with the two 
 preceding forms. aer., liqf., chg. (golden 
 yellow). Microc. urinae major, Doyen. 
 Syn., Micrococcus major. Found in same 
 conditions as the three preceding forms. 
 Microc. urinalbus. Syn., Micrococcus 
 albus urina. Found in the urine in cases 
 of pyelonephritis and cystitis. Microc. 
 variolae, Microc. variolae et vaccinae, Cohn. 
 Syn., Streptococcus variola. Obtained by 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 146 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 Cohn, Guttmann, Marotta, Hlava, and others 
 from the lymph of vaccine pustules in man 
 and animals, from variola papules, and from 
 the blood of persons affected with variola. 
 Microc. versatilis. Found on the skin of 
 healthy persons, also in the liver, spleen, and 
 kidneys after death from yellow fever. Not 
 sufficiently studied. Microc. versicolor, 
 Flugge. Found in water, aer., nliq}., chg. 
 (yellow), npg. Microc. viniperda. Syn., 
 Micrococcus fermenti. Found in spoiled wine. 
 Microc. violaceus, Cohn. Found in water. 
 aer., nliq}., chg. (violet), npg. Microc. viridis 
 flavescens, Guttmann. Found in the lymph 
 of a varicella pustule. aer., nliqf., npg. 
 Microc. viscosus, Pasteur. Found in the 
 disease of wine known as la graisse. Microc. 
 viticulosus, Flugge, Katz. Found in air 
 and water. aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. 
 Microc. xanthogenicus. Syn., Cryptococcus 
 xanthogenicus, Freire. Found in cases of 
 yellow fever. Microhaloa rosea, Kutzing. 
 See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Micro- 
 sporon minutissimum, Burchardt. See 
 B. epidermidis, Bizzozero. Micro sporon 
 septicum, Klebs. See B. septicemia hcemor- 
 rhagicce, Sternberg. Microzyma bombycis, 
 Bechamp. See Microc. bombycis, Cohn, 
 Beck. Milk-white Micrococcus, Bumm. 
 See Microc. albicans tardissimus, Eisenberg. 
 Milk Yeast. See Saccharomyces lactis, 
 Adametz. Miller's Bacillus. See B. 
 dentalis viridans, Miller, and Sp. of Miller. 
 Miller's Bacillus of the Intestine. See 
 B. aerogenes, I, II, III, Miller. Miller's 
 Epsilon Bacillus. See Epsilon Bacillus, 
 Miller. Milzbrandbacillus. SeeB.anthracis, 
 Pollender and Davaine. Monas prodigiosa, 
 Ehrenberg. See B. prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. 
 Monas termo, Miiller. See B. termo, Du- 
 jardin. Mycoderma aceti. See B. aceti, 
 Kutzing. Mycoderma cerevisiae, Trecul. 
 See Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. Myco- 
 derma vini, Pasteur. See Saccharomyces 
 mycoderma, Reess. Myconostoc gregarium, 
 Cohn. A spiral or crumpled condition of a 
 filamentous schizomycete, perhaps Cladothrix 
 dichotoma, Cohn. Neisseria albicans. See 
 Microc. albicans amplus, Bumm. Neisseria 
 citrea. See Microc. citreus conglomerate, 
 Bumm. Neisseria conglomerata. See 
 Microc. conglomerate, Weichselbaum. Neis- 
 seria gonorrhoeae. See Microc. gonorrhoeae, 
 Neisser. Neisseria lactea. See Microc. 
 lacteus faviformis, Bumm. Neisseria lyssae. 
 See Microc. lyssce, Neisser. Neisseria pe- 
 techialis. See Microc. petechialis, Neisser. 
 Neisseria rebellis. See Microc. of Trachoma, 
 Sattler. Neisseria rosea. See Microc. 
 roseus, Maggiora. Neisseria subnava. See 
 Microc. subflavus, Flugge. Neisseria tar- 
 dissima. See Microc. albicans tardissimus, 
 Bumm. Neisseria weichselbaumii. See 
 Microc. intracellular is meningitidis, Neumann 
 and Schaffer. Neisseria winkleri. See 
 B. beribericus, Lacerda. Nitrifying Bacillus 
 of Winogradsky, Nitromonas of Wino- 
 
 gradsky. Found in the soil; no growth 
 on ordinary culture-mediums; one of the 
 very few nitrifying ferments. Nosema bom- 
 bycis, Nageli. Syn., Micrococcus ovatus. It 
 is found in the organs and the blood of silk- 
 worms suffering from pebrine. Ophidomo- 
 nas jenensis, Ophidomonas sanguinea, 
 Ehrenberg. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, 
 Zopf. Orchiococcus. See Dip. of Orchitis, 
 Hugounenq and Eraud. Oscillaria alba, 
 Vaucher. See Beggiatoa alba, Trevisan. 
 Oscillaria arachnoidea, Agardh. See Beg- 
 giatoa arachnoidea, Trevisan. Oscillaria 
 leptomitiformis, Meneghi. See Beggiatoa 
 leptomitiformis, Trevisan. Oscillaria tigrina. 
 See Beggiatoa tigrina, Rabenhorst. Oscil- 
 laria versatilis, Kutzing. See Beggiatoa 
 arachnoidea, Trevisan. Palmella infu- 
 sionum, Ehrenberg. See B. termo, Dujardin. 
 Palmella prodigiosa, Mont. See B. 
 prodigiosus, Ehrenberg. Palmellina capil- 
 lorum, Radlkoffer, Buhl. Syn., Zooglcea 
 capillorum, Buhl. Found in the epidermis 
 of the head; supposed to affect the color 
 of the hair. Panhystophyton o varum. 
 Syn., Nosema bombycis. Passet's Putre- 
 fying Bacillus of Pus. See B. pyogenes 
 fcetidus, Passet. Peach-colored Bacterium, 
 Lankester. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, 
 Zopf. Pediococcus acidi lactici, Lindner. 
 Found in hay infusion and in mash from 
 malt, aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Pedio- 
 coccus albus, Lindner. Found in well- 
 water, aer., liqf., npg. Pediococcus au- 
 rantiacus, Cohn. See Microc. aurantiacus, 
 Cohn. Pediococcus cerevisiae, Balcke. 
 Syn., Sarcina cerevisia, Lindner. Found in 
 beer and in the air of breweries, aer., 
 facanaer., nliq}., npg. Perroncitoa scarla- 
 tinosa? . See Microc. scarlatina 7 -, Pohl and 
 Pincus. Pfeiff er's Bacillus. See B. capsula- 
 rs, Pfeiffer. Photobacterium balticum, 
 Fischer. Found in the waters of the Baltic. 
 aer., liqf., phos., npg. Cf. B. phosphorescens 
 indigenus, Fischer. Photobacterium fisch- 
 eri, Katz. Found in the waters of the 
 Baltic, aer., liqf., phos., npg. Photo- 
 bacterium indicum, Fischer. See B. 
 phosphorescens, Fischer. Photobacterium 
 luminosum, Beyerinck. Found on many 
 of the phosphorescent animals, crustaceous 
 s polyps, infusoria, of the North Sea. aer., 
 liqf., phos., npg. Photobacterium pfliigeri, 
 Ludwig. Syn., Bacterium pfliigeri; Microc- 
 occus pfliigeri. Found upon butcher's meat 
 and upon market fish. The most phosphor- 
 escent of all light -producing bacteria, aer., 
 liqf., phos., npg. Photobacterium phos- 
 phorescens, Fischer. See B. phosphoreus, 
 Cohn. Photobacterium phosphorescens, 
 Cohn. See B. phosphoreus, Cohn. Pink 
 Bacillus of Spreading Edema, A. B. 
 Harris. aer., nliqf., pleom., chg. (pink), 
 npg. Cf.B.cedematis maligni, ~KLoch. Pleuro- 
 coccus roseopersicina, Rabenhorst. See 
 Beggiatoa roseopersicina, Zopf. Pneumo- 
 bacillus friedlanderi. See B. pneumoniae 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 147 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 friedlanderi. Pneumobacillus liquefaciens 
 bovis. See B. liquefaciens bovis, Arlo- 
 ing. Pneumococcus, Friedlander's, Pneu- 
 moniacoccus of Friedlander, Sternberg. 
 See B. pneumonia friedlanderi. Potato 
 Bacillus. Applied to B. mesentericus fuscus, 
 Fliigge; B. mesentericus vulgatus, Fliigge; 
 Bad. mesentericum rubrum, Globig. Prag- 
 midiothrix multisepta, Engler. Syn., 
 Beggiatoa multisepta. Found in sea-water 
 upon crustaceans (Kieler Bucht). It is 
 distinguished from Beggiatoa by the absence 
 of sulfur grains. Prazmowski's Bacillus 
 of Butyric-acid Fermentation. See B. 
 but yr kits, Botkin, Prazmowski. Proteus 
 capsulatus septicus, Proteus hominis 
 capsulatus. See B. hominis capsulatus, 
 Banti, Bordoni-Uffreduzzi. Proteus leth- 
 alis. See B. lethalis, Babes. Proteus 
 mirabilis. See B. mirabilis, Hauser. Pro- 
 teus of Karlinski. See B. murisepticus 
 pleomorphus, Karlinski. Proteus septicus. 
 See B. septicus, Pasteur. Proteus sul- 
 phureus. See B. sulphur eus, Lindenborn. 
 Proteus sulphureus of Holochenikoff, 
 Proteus vulgaris, Hauser. See B. vulgaris, 
 Hauser. Proteus zenkeri. See B. zenkeri, 
 Hauser. Pseudodiphtheria Bacillus, 
 Loftier, von Hoffmann, Roux, Yersin, and 
 Abbott. Found in the mucus from the 
 pharynx and tonsils of children suffering 
 from nondiphtheric throat affections. Pseu- 
 dodiplococcus pneumoniae, Bonome. Ob- 
 tained from the serofibrinous exudate of 
 a person dead of cerebrospinal meningitis. 
 aer., nliqf., pg. Cf. Microc. meningitidis, 
 Neumann, and B. meningitidis puridentce, 
 Neumann. Rasmussenia buccalis, Sac- 
 cardo. See Leptothrix buccalis, Robin. 
 Rauschbrand-bacillus. See B. chauvcei, 
 Bollinger and Feser. Red Bacillus of 
 Water. See B. ruber, Frank and Becker. 
 Saccharomyces albicans, Robin. Syn., 
 Oidium albicans, Robin. The cause of thrush. 
 Saccharomyces apiculatus, Reess. Occurs 
 in fermented wine and beer, and, in the hot 
 seasons, on sweet succulent fruits; in winter, 
 in the soil beneath the trees that bear these 
 fruits. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Reess 
 and Robin. Syn., Cryptococcus cerevisice, 
 Kiitzing; Cryptococcus fermentatum; Torula 
 cerevisice; Yeast-plant. Under this heading 
 are included - a series . of different yeasts. 
 Saccharomyces conglomeratus, Reess. As 
 the result of Hansen's investigations this 
 species has been discarded by recent writers. 
 Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, I, II, Han- 
 sen. A "wild" species of wine ferment. 
 Saccharomyces exiguus, Hansen. Found 
 in German yeast; acts toward sugar exactly 
 as does Saccharomyces marxianus. Sac- 
 charomyces glutinis. Syn., Cryptococcus 
 glutinis, Fersen. A pullulating yeast that 
 forms beautiful rose-colored patches on 
 cooked potatoes. Saccharomyces guttu- 
 latus, Robin. Syn., Cryptococcus guttulatus, 
 Robin, Winter. Found in the esophagus, 
 
 stomach, and intestine of mammals, birds, 
 and reptiles. The feces of patients suffering 
 from tunnel anemia or ankylostomiasis fre- 
 quently contain this species of saccharomy- 
 ces. Saccharomyces lactis, Adametz. 
 Syn., Milk-yeast. Found in milk, of which 
 it ferments the milk-sugar. Saccharomy- 
 ces marxianus. Found in wine; acts 
 vigorously on saccharose, inverting and fer- 
 menting it with great activity; it also acts 
 on dextrose. Saccharomyces membrani- 
 faciens. Forms a bright yellow, tough scum 
 on beer-wort; liquefies gelatin; has no fer- 
 mentative action on ordinary carbohydrates, 
 and does not invert cane-sugar. Saccharo- 
 myces minor, Engel. According to En- 
 gel, this is the cause of fermentation in bread. 
 Saccharomyces mycoderma, Reess. Syn., 
 Mycoderma mesentericum, Pers; Mycoderma 
 cerevisice et vini, Desm; Hormiscium vini 
 et cerevisice, Bonard; Mycoderma vini, Pas- 
 teur; Mycoderma cerevisice, Trecul. Found 
 on the surface of wine and beer, forming the 
 socalled "flowers of wine." Saccharomyces 
 pasteurianus, Reess. According to Han- 
 sen, this represents a group of three forms that 
 cause changes in beer and wine. Saccharo- 
 myces pyriformis, Ward. Found in the 
 fermentation of ginger-beer. A yeast which 
 develops much C0 2 , but little alcohol; it 
 inverts cane-sugar and ferments the products; 
 does not ferment milk-sugar, aer., facanaer. 
 Saccharomyces ruber, Demme. Found 
 in milk and cheese, forming red spots in 
 the latter and red sediment in the former. 
 nliqf. Saccharomyces vaccinaei, Pfeiffer. 
 Found in the lymph of a vaccinia pustule; 
 nothing is known of its action. Sarcina 
 alba, Eisenberg. Found in air and water. 
 aer., liqf., npg. Sarcina aurantiaca. Syn., 
 Orange sarcina, Koch. Found in air and 
 water, aer., liqf., chg. (orange yellow), npg. 
 Sarcina aurea, Mace. Found in the pul- 
 monary exudates of a person dead of a pneu- 
 monia complicated with purulent pleurisy. 
 aer., liqf., chg. (brilliant golden yellow). 
 Sarcina botulina, Van den Corput. Found 
 in cases of poisoning with tainted sausage 
 {botulismus), and believed to be the active 
 agent. Cf. B. of Allantiasis. Sarcina 
 Candida, Reinke. Found in the air of 
 breweries, aer., liqf., npg. Sarcina cere- 
 visiae, Lindner. Syn., Pediococcus cerevisice, 
 Balcke. Found in beer and the air of brew- 
 eries, aer., facanaer., nliqf., npg. Sarcina 
 flava, De Bary. Found in beer. aer., 
 liqf., chg. (yellow), npg. Sarcina fusces- 
 cens, Falkenheim. Found in the human 
 stomach. Sarcina hyalina, Kiitzing. Syn., 
 Merismopedia hyalina, Kiitzing. Found in 
 swamps. Sarcina intestinalis, Zopf. Found 
 in the intestine of chickens and turkeys, 
 principally in the cecum. Sarcina litoralis, 
 (Erstedt. Syn., Merismopcedia litoralis, Ra- 
 benhorst; Erythroconis litoralis, (Erstedt. 
 Found in sea-water; forms a thin, reddish 
 layer between decomposing algae on the 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 148 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 shore. Sarcina lutea, Schroter. Found 
 in the air and in fungus cultures, aer., liqf., 
 chg. (yellow), npg. Sarcina minuta, De 
 Bary. Occurred spontaneously in a culture 
 of sour milk on a microscopic slide; resem- 
 bles Sarcina welckeri. Sarcina mobilis, 
 Maurea. Found in old ascitic fluid, aer., 
 liqf., mot., chg. (brick-red). Sarcina mor- 
 rhuae. Obtained from codfish. Sarcina 
 of the Lungs. See Sarcina pulmonum, 
 Hauser. Sarcina of the Urine. See 
 Sarcina urina, Welcker. Sarcina palu- 
 dosa, Schroter. Found in bog-water. 
 Sarcina pulmonum, Hauser. Syn., Sar- 
 cina of the lungs. Found in sputum, aer., 
 nliqf., npg. Sarcina reitenbachii, Caspary. 
 Syn., Merismopcedia reitenbachii. Found in 
 fresh water on decaying plants. Sarcina 
 renis, Hep worth. Found in the lungs of 
 persons dead of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 Sarcina rosea, Menge. Found in milk 
 and other food-stuffs. Held to be distinct 
 from the form described by Schroter. aer., 
 liqf., chg. (rose-red), npg. Sarcina rosea, 
 Schroter. Found in the air. aer., liqf., 
 chg. (intense red, giving same reaction as the 
 pigment of Sarcina aurantiaca), npg. Sar- 
 cina urinae, Welcker. Syn., Merismopcedia 
 urinoe, Rabenhorst. Found in the bladder; 
 appears to be destitute of zymotic action. 
 Sarcina ventriculi, Goodsir. Common in 
 the stomach of man and animals. aer., 
 nliqf., npg. Sarcina welckeri, Rossmann. 
 Repeatedly found in the human bladder 
 and voided for months at a time in the urine, 
 which is usually abnormally rich in phos- 
 phates, the patient retaining good health. 
 Scheutzia laughlini. Syn., Micrococcus 
 of dengue; Staphylococcus of dengue; 
 Dengue micrococcus. Found in the blood 
 of patients suffering from dengue. Patho- 
 genetic relations not determined. Schweine- 
 rothlaufbacillus. See B. erysipelatos suis, 
 Koch. Shiga's Bacillus. See B. dysenterice, 
 Shiga. Smegma Bacillus. See B. of the 
 Smegma. Sphaerococcus acidi lactici, 
 Marpmann. Found in fresh cow's milk. 
 aer., nliqf., npg. Sphaerotilus natans, 
 Kutzing, Saccardo. Syn., Leptothrix natans. 
 Found in running and stagnant water. Old 
 portions yellowish, younger portions color- 
 less. Spirillum amyliferum, Van Tieghem. 
 Found in water. Forms granulose at certain 
 developmental stages; gives the blue reaction 
 with iodin. Cf. B. butyricus, Prazmowski. 
 Sp. anserum. Syn., Spirochete anserina, 
 Sakharoff. Found in the blood of geese 
 affected with a fatal form of septicemia 
 due to this microbe. A disease prevalent 
 in the swampy regions of Caucasia, aer., 
 mot., pg. (not for chickens). Sp. a of Weibel. 
 See Sp. saprophiles a of Weibel. Sp. at- 
 tenuatum, Warming. Found in sea-water. 
 Sp. aureum. Syn., Vibrio aureus, Weibel. 
 Found in the air and slime of sewers, aer., 
 nliqf., nmot., chg. (golden yellow), npg. 
 Sp. /? of Weibel. See Sp. saprophiles /? 
 
 of Weibel. Sp. cholerae asiaticae, Koch. 
 
 Syn., Spirillum cholera; Spirillum of cholera; 
 Bacillus of cholera; Comma bacillus of Koch. 
 Found in the discharges of cholera patients 
 and in the intestine of cholera cadavers. 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., mot., pg. Sp. concen- 
 tricum, Kitasato. Found in putrefying 
 blood, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Sp. denticola, 
 Miller. Sp. dentium, Arnt. Syn., Spiro- 
 chcete denticola; Spirochcete dentium. Found 
 under the margins of the gums in the mouths 
 of healthy persons; biologic characters un- 
 known, as it does not thrive in culture-fluids. 
 Sp. endoparagogicum, Sorokin. Found 
 in a glairy liquid exuding from a poplar tree. 
 Sp. finkleri, Sp. of Finkler-Prior. Syn., 
 Vibrio proteus; Bacillus of Finkler-Prior. 
 Found in the feces of persons affected with 
 cholera nostras, after allowing the discharge 
 to stand for some time, aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., mot. Pathogenetic relation not con- 
 firmed. Sp. flavescens. Syn., Vibrio 
 flavescens, Weibel. Found in the slime of 
 sewers, aer., nliqf., nmot., chg. (yellowish 
 green), npg. Sp. flavum. Syn., Vibrio 
 flavescens, Weibel. Found in the slime of 
 sewers, aer., nliqf., nmot., chg. (ocher yel- 
 low), npg. Sp. jenensis, Ehrenberg. Syn., 
 Ophidomonas jenensis, Ehrenberg. A doubt- 
 ful species. Sp. leukomelaenum, Perty. 
 Found in water containing decaying algae. 
 Sp. linguae. Syn., Vibrio lingualis. Found 
 in the deposit on the tongue of a mouse 
 after inoculation, aer., facanaer., nliqf., 
 nmot., npg. (for mice). Sp. litorale, Warm- 
 ing. Syn., Vibrio spirillum, Muller; Melu- 
 nella spirillum, Borg. Found in bog-water. 
 Sp. metchnikovi. Syn., Vibrio metchni- 
 kovi, Gamaleia. Found in the intestinal 
 contents of chickens affected with an epidemic 
 infectious disease resembling fowl cholera. 
 aer., facanaer. ( ?), liqf., mot., pg. Sp. nasale. 
 Syn., Vibrio nasale, Weibel. Found in nasal 
 mucus, aer., facanaer., nliqf., nmot., npg. 
 Sp. obermeieri, Cohn. Syn., Spirochcete 
 obermeieri; Spirillum of relapsing fever. 
 Found in the blood of persons affected with 
 relapsing fever. aer., mot. (efforts to cul- 
 tivate thus far unsuccessful), pg. Sp. of 
 Asiatic Cholera. Spirillum of cholera. 
 See Sp. cholera asiaticce, Koch. Sp. of 
 Denecke. See Sp. tyrogenum, Denecke. 
 Sp. of Finkler and Prior. See Sp. finkleri. 
 Sp. of Miller. Syn., Miller's bacillus. 
 Found in carious teeth. aer., facanaer., 
 liqf., mot., npg. Sp. of Relapsing Fever. 
 See Sp. obermeieri, Cohn. Sp. of Smith. 
 Found in the intestine of swine. aer., 
 nliqf., mot., npg. Sp. plicatile, Dujardin. 
 Syn., Spirochcete plicatilis, Ehrenberg; Spi- 
 rulina plicatilis, Cohn. Found in water 
 containing decomposing alga?. Biologic 
 characters undetermined. Sp. rosaceum. 
 Observed upon excrement in water, aer., 
 chg. (red), npg. Sp. rosenbergii, Warming. 
 Found in brackish water. Contains re- 
 fractive sulfur grains, aer., mot. Sp. ro- 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 149 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 seum, Mace. Found in a tube culture of 
 blennorrhagic pus. aer., nliqf., mot., chg. 
 (rose red), npg. Sp. rubrum, von Esmarch. 
 Obtained from the putrefying body of a 
 mouse. aer., facanaer., nliqf., mot., chg. 
 (pink), npg. Sp. rufum, Perty. Found in 
 cistern-water. aer., mot., chg. (rose red), 
 npg. Sp. rugula, Miiller. Syn., Vibrio 
 rugula. Found in swamp-water and fre- 
 quently in the alimentary canal, on the 
 teeth, etc. aer., facanaer., mot., npg. Ac- 
 cording to Prazmowski, this species gives 
 rise to decomposition of cellulose. Sp. 
 sanguineum. See Beggiatoa roseopersicina, 
 Zopf. Sp. saprophiles a of Weibel. Syn., 
 Vibrio saprophiles a of Weibel. Found in 
 rotting hay infusion and in the slime of 
 sewers, aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Sp. sapro- 
 philes /? of Weibel. Syn., Vibrio saprophiles 
 /?, Weibel. Found in rotting hay infusion. 
 aer., nliqf., mot., npg. Sp. saprophiles r 
 of Weibel. Syn., Vibrio saprophiles y, 
 Weibel. Found in the slime of sewers, aer., 
 nliqf., mot., npg. Sp. serpens, Miiller. 
 Syn., Vibrio serpens, Miiller. Found 
 
 in stagnant water containing decaying 
 plants, etc. Biologic characters not deter- 
 mined. Sp. sputigenum, Miller. Common 
 in the neglected mouths of healthy persons. 
 Does not grow on culture -mediums. Sp. 
 tenue, Ehrenberg. Found in putrefying 
 plant infusions. Biologic characters unde- 
 termined. Sp. tyrogenum, Denecke. Syn., 
 Sprillum of Denecke; Bacillus of cheese; 
 •Denecke's cheese spirillum. Found in old 
 cheese, aer., facanaer., liqf. mot., pg. (for 
 guinea-pigs). Sp. undula, Cohn, Miiller. 
 Syn., Vibrio undula, Miiller; Vibrio prolifer, 
 Ehrenberg. Found in zooglea masses in 
 swamp-water, vegetable infusions, etc. aer., 
 mot., npg. Sp. violaceum, Warming. 
 Found in brackish water; cell-contents vio- 
 let, with a few sulfur grains. Sp. volutans, 
 Ehrenberg. Syn., Vibrio spirillum, Miiller; 
 Melunella spirillum, Borg. Found in infu- 
 sions and in bog-water. Biologic characters 
 undetermined." Spirochaete anserina, Sak- 
 haroff. See Sp. anserum. Spirochaete 
 denticola, Miller, Spirochaete dentium, 
 Arnt. See Sp. dentium. Spirochaete ober- 
 meieri. See Sp. obermeieri, Cohn. Spiro- 
 chaete plicatilis, Ehrenberg. See Sp. 
 plicatile, Dujardin. Spiromonas cohnii, 
 Warming. Found in foul water. Spiro- 
 monas volubilis, Pertz. Found in putre- 
 fying infusions and in bog-water. Sporo- 
 nema gracile. See B. virens, Van 
 
 Tieghem. Staphylococcus albus liquefa- 
 ciens, Escherich. Syn., White liquefying 
 staphylococcus. Found in the alvine dis- 
 charges of healthy infants, aer., liqf., npg. 
 S. biskrae. See Microc. of Heydenreich. S. 
 cereus albus, Passet. See Microc. cereus 
 albus, Passet. S. cereus aureus, Schroter 
 and Winkler. See Microc. cereus aureus, 
 S. and W. S. cereus flavus, Passet. See 
 Microc. cereus flavus, Passet. S. citreus. 
 
 See Microc. citreus, List. S. epidermidis 
 albus, Welch. See Microc. pyogenes albus, 
 Rosenbach. S. of Dengue, McLaughlin. 
 See Scheutzia laughlini. S. of Pemphigus, 
 De Michele. Obtained from the skin, kidney, 
 and spleen in a case of pemphigus chronica. 
 S. passetii. See Microc. cereus flavus, 
 Passet. S. pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. 
 See Microc. pyogenes albus, Rosenbach. 
 S. pyogenes aureus, Ogston, Becker. See 
 Microc. pyogenes aureus, Rosenbach. S. 
 pyogenes citreus, Passet. See Microc. 
 pyogenes citreus, Passet. S. pyosepticus, 
 Hericourt and Richet. See Microc. pyo- 
 septicus, Richet. S. salivarius pyogenes, 
 Biondi. See Microc. salivarius pyogenes, 
 Biondi. S. viridis flavescens, Guttmann. 
 Syn., Micrococcus of chicken-pox. Found in 
 the vesicles of varicella, aer., nliqf., chg. 
 (greenish yellow), npg. Streptococcus acidi 
 lactici, Grotenfeldt. Found in coagulated 
 milk in Finland, anaer. (not strictly), nliqf., 
 npg. Str. aethebius. See Microc. urece 
 liquefaciens, Fliigge. Str. albus, Maschek. 
 Found in hydrant-water (Freiburg), aer., 
 liqf., npg. Str. apthicola, Hallier. See 
 Streptocytus of Eczema epizootica, Schottelius. 
 Str. articulorum, Lomer. Syn., Micro- 
 coccus of diphtheria. Obtained from the 
 affected mucous membrane in cases of 
 diphtheria. Possibly a variety of Microc. 
 pyogenes, pg. (for mice). Str. bombycis, 
 Bechamp. See Microc. bombycis, Cohn. Str. 
 brevis, von Lingelsheim. Obtained from 
 normal human saliva. aer., facanaer., nliqf., 
 npg. Str. cadaveris, Sternberg. Found 
 in the liver of a yellow-fever cadaver, aer., 
 facanaer., nliqf., npg. Str. cinnabareus. 
 See Microc. cinnabareus, Fliigge. Str. coli 
 gracilis, Escherich. Found in the feces 
 of healthy children living on a meat diet. 
 aer., facanaer., liqf., npg. Str. conglomer- 
 ate, Kurth. Obtained from cases of scar- 
 latina, pg. (for mice). Str. coronatus, 
 Fliigge. See Microc. coronatus, Fliigge. 
 Str. coryza contagiosae equorum, Schiitz. 
 Found in the pus from affected lymphatic 
 glands in horses suffering with the disease 
 known in Germany as Druse des Pferdes. 
 aer., facanaer., pg. (for horses and mice), 
 npg. (for rabbits, guinea-pigs, and pigeons). 
 Str. endocarditicus. See Microc. endo- 
 carditicus rugatus, Weichselbaum. Str. 
 erysipelatis (erysipelatos), Fehleisen. See 
 Microc. pyogenes, Rosenbach. Str. fer- 
 menti. See Microc. viniperda. Str. gigan- 
 teus urethrae, Lustgarten and Mannaberg. 
 Found in the healthy human urethra, aer., 
 npg. Str. havaniensis, Sternberg. Found 
 in the acid vomit of a yellow-fever patient. 
 Biologic characters undetermined. Str. in- 
 sectorum, Burrill. See Microc. insectorum, 
 Burrill. Str. kochii. See Microc. of Sep- 
 ticemia in Rabbits, Koch. Str. lanceolatus 
 pasteuri, Gamaleia. See B. septicus spu- 
 tigenus, Fliigge. Str. liquefaciens, Stern- 
 berg. Obtained from the intestine and 
 
BACTERIA 
 
 150 
 
 BACTERIA 
 
 livers of yellow-fever cadavers . aer . , facanaer., 
 liq}., npg. Str. longus, von Lingelsheim. 
 See Microc. pyogenes, Rosenbach. Str. lucae. 
 See Microc. ulceris mollis. Str. manfredii. 
 See Microc. manfredii. Str. meningitidis. 
 See Microc. intracellular is meningitidis, Neu- 
 mann and Schaffer. Str. monomorphus, 
 Bujwid, Heryng. Found in benign pharyn- 
 geal ulcers, npg. Str. morbillosus. See 
 Microc. of Measles. Str. nocardi. See 
 Microc. mastobius, Nocard. Str. ochro- 
 leucus. See Microc. ochroleucus, Prove 
 and Legrain. Str. of Bonome. Obtained 
 from the exudations in the cerebrospinal 
 meninges and from hemorrhagic extravasa- 
 tions in the lungs in cases of epidemic cere- 
 brospinal meningitis, pg. (for white mice 
 and rabbits). Str. of Granuloma fun- 
 goides, Rindfleisch and Auspetz. See Str. 
 of Mycosis fungoides. Str. of Mannaberg. 
 Obtained from the urine in cases of acute 
 nephritis. aer., facanaer., nliqf., pg. (for 
 dogs and rabbits). Str. of Mastitis in 
 Cows. See Microc. mastobius, Nocard and 
 Mollereau. Str. of Mycosis fungoides. 
 Syn., Streptococcus of Granuloma fungoides, 
 Rindfleisch and Auspetz. Found in the 
 capillaries and subcutaneous tissue in the 
 parts affected by this disease. Not • suffi- 
 ciently investigated. Str. of Pus. See 
 Microc. septicus, Fliigge. Str. perniciosus 
 psittacorum, Eberth and Wolf. See Microc. 
 psittaci, Wolf. Str. pneumoniae, Weich- 
 selbaum. See Microc. pyogenes, Fliigge. 
 Str. putrefaciens. Syn., Micrococcus of 
 putrefaction. Refers to any one of the many 
 micrococci found in putrefying substances. 
 Str. pyogenes, Rosenbach. See Microc. 
 pyogenes, Rosenbach. Str. pyogenes, Sac- 
 cardo. See Microc. septicus, Fliigge. Str. 
 pyogenes maligni, Krause and Fliigge. 
 Found in- necrotic masses in a leukemic 
 spleen, pg. (for mice and rabbits). Str. 
 pyogenes ureas, Rorsing. Found in purulent 
 urine. Cf. Microc. pyogenes urea flavus, 
 Rorsing. Str. radiatus. See Microc. 
 radiatus, Fliigge. Str. rubiginosus, Eding- 
 ton. Found in cases of scarlatina. npg. 
 Does not appear until late in the disease. 
 Str. seiferti. See Microc. influenza, Let- 
 zerich. Str. septicus, Fliigge. See Microc. 
 septicus, Fliigge. Str. septicus liquefaciens, 
 Babes. Obtained from the blood and 
 viscera of a child that died of septicemia 
 following scarlatina, aer., liqf., pg. (for mice 
 and rabbits). Str. septopyaemicus. See 
 Microc. septopy amicus. Str. toxicatus. 
 See Microc. toxicatus, Burrill. Str. ureae. 
 See Microc. urea, Cohn. Str. ureae rugosus, 
 Rorsing. Found in urine. Str. vermifor- 
 mis, Maschek. Found in hydrant -water 
 (Freiburg), aer., liqf., npg. Streptocytus 
 of Eczema epizootica, Schottelius. Syn., 
 Streptococcus apthicola, Hallier; Micrococcus 
 of Foot-and-mouth Disease. Found in vesic- 
 ular eruptions about the mouth and feet 
 of cattle, pigs, and sheep. Communicable 
 
 to man. aer., facanaer. Pathogenesis not 
 fully settled. Cf. B. of Ulcerative Stoma- 
 titis of Cattle. Streptothrix foersteri, 
 Cohn. See Cladothrix farsleri, Cohn. 
 Swine Plague Schizophyte, Detmers. 
 See B. of Swine Plague, Reitsch and 
 Jobert. Syphilis Bacillus. See B. syphil- 
 idis, Lustgarten. Syphilis Bacillus of 
 Eve and Lingard. Obtained from the 
 blood and diseased tissues of syphilitic per- 
 sons who have not undergone mercurial 
 treatment, aer., chg. (pale yellow or brown). 
 Pathogenetic relations not settled. Not 
 stained by Lustgarten's method; capable 
 of development on blood-serum. Tetanus 
 Bacillus. See B. tetani, Nicolaier. Thio- 
 thrix nivea. See Beggiatoa nivea, Raben- 
 horst. Thiothrix tenuis, Winogradsky. 
 Found in sulfur springs. Thiothrix tenuis- 
 sima, Winogradsky. Found in sulfur 
 springs. Torula cerevisiae. See Saccharo- 
 myces cerevisia, Reess and Robin. Torula 
 ureae', Pasteur. See Microc. urea, Cohn. 
 Tubercle Bacillus. See B. tuberculosis, 
 Koch. Typhus Bacillus. See B. typhi 
 abdominalis, Eberth. Tyrothrix catenula, 
 T. claviformis, T. distortus, T. filiformis, 
 T. geniculatus, T. scaber, T. tenuis, 
 T. turgidus, T. urocephalus, T. virgiila. 
 See the corresponding terms under Bacillus. 
 Ulvina aceti, Kiitzing. See B. aceti, 
 Kiitzing. Urobacillus duclauxi, Miquel. 
 Found in sewage and river-water. aer., 
 facanaer., mot., liqf. Pathogenesis not de- 
 termined. Urobacillus freudenreichii, 
 Miquel. Obtained from air, dust, sewage. 
 aer., liqf., mot. Pathogenesis not determined. 
 Urobacillus maddoxi, Miquel. Obtained 
 from sewage and river-water. aer., liqf., 
 mot. Pathogenesis not determined. Uro- 
 bacillus pasteuri, Miquel. Obtained from 
 decomposing urine, aer., liqf., mot. Patho- 
 genesis not determined. Urobacillus 
 schutzenbergii, Miquel. Obtained from 
 sewage and river-water. aer., liqf., mot. 
 Pathogenesis not determined. Vibrio aureus, 
 Weibel. See Sp. aureum. Vibrio Bacillus, 
 Miiller, Ehrenberg. See B. ulna, Cohn. 
 Vibrio cholerae. See Sp. cholera asiatica, 
 Koch. Vibrio cyanogenus, Ehrenberg. 
 See B. cyanogenus, Fuchs. Vibrio flaves- 
 cens, Weibel. See Sp. flavescens, Weibel. 
 Vibrio flavus, Weibel. See Sp. flavum, 
 Weibel. Vibrio lineola, Miiller and Ehren- 
 berg. See Bact. lineola, Cohn. Vibrio 
 lingualis. See Sp. lingua, Weibel. Vibrio 
 metchnikovi, Gamaleia. See Sp. metch- 
 nikovi, Gamaleia. Vibrio nasalis, Wei- 
 bel. See Sp. nasale, Weibel. Vibrio proteus. 
 See Sp. finkleri. Vibrio rugula, Miiller. 
 See Sp. rugula, Miiller. Vibrio saprophiles 
 a, Weibel. See Sp. saprophiles a, Weibel. 
 Vibrio saprophiles /?, Weibel. See Sp. 
 saprophiles /?, Weibel. Vibrio saprophiles 
 j, Weibel. See Sp. saprophiles y, Weibel. 
 Vibrio serpens, Miiller. See Sp. serpens, 
 Miiller. Vibrio, syncyanus, Ehrenberg. 
 
BACTERIACE^E 
 
 151 
 
 (VON) BAER'S LAW 
 
 See B. cyanogenus, Fuchs. Vibrio synxan- 
 thus, Ehrenberg. See B. synxanthus, Ehren- 
 berg and Schroter. Vibrio tremulans, 
 Ehrenberg. See Bad. lineola, Cohn. Vibrio 
 undula, Miiller. See Sp. undula, Miiller. 
 Vibrio xanthogenus, Fuchs. See B. synxan- 
 thus, Ehrenberg and Schroter. Violet Bacil- 
 lus. See B. janthinus, Zopf. Zoogalactina 
 imetropa, Sette. See B. prodigiosus, Ehren- 
 berg. Zoogloea capillorum, Buhl. See 
 Palmellina capillorum, Radlkoffer. Zoogloea 
 ramigera. A tree-like variety of Cladothrix 
 dichotoma. Zoogloea termo, Miiller, Cohn. 
 See B. termo, Dujardin. 
 
 Bacteriaceae (bak-te-re-a'-se-e) [bacteria]. The 
 Schizomycetes. 
 
 Bacterial (bak-te' -re-al). Resembling, of the 
 nature of, or derived from bacteria. 
 
 Bactericidal (bak-te-ris-i'-dal) [bacteria; cce- 
 dere, to kill]. Destructive to bacteria. 
 
 Bactericide (bak-te' '-ris-ld) . i. Destructive to 
 bacteria. 2. An agent that destroys bacteria. 
 
 Bacteridium (bak-ter-id'-e-um) [fianx-qpcov, a 
 little -stick]. According to Davaine, a genus 
 of BacteriacecB characterized by immobility 
 of the elements at all periods of their exist- 
 ence. The distinction does not now obtain. 
 See under Bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriform (bak-te' -re-form) [bacterium; for- 
 ma, form]. Shaped like a bacterium. 
 
 Bacterio- (bak-te-re-o-) [bacterium]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriogenic {bak-te-re-o -fen' -ilz) [bacterio-; 
 generare, to produce]. Caused by bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriohemagglutinin (bak-te-re-o-hem-ag- 
 lu' -tin-in). A hemagglutinin produced in 
 the body by the action of bacteria; it is very 
 unstable, being destroyed at 5 8° C. 
 
 Bacteriohemolysin (bak-te-re-o-hem-o-li'-sin) . 
 A very unstable hemolysin formed in the 
 body by the action of bacteria; it is destroyed 
 at 58° C. 
 
 Bacterioid (bak-te' -re-oid) [bacteria-; eldoc, 
 form]. Applied to certain microorganisms 
 nourishing in and around the roots of legumi- 
 nous plants, assisting in the accumulation of 
 nitrogen, and giving rise to tubercles. They 
 may be cultivated in artificial mediums like 
 ordinary bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriologist (bak-te-re-ol' -o-jist) [bacteriology]. 
 One who makes a special study of bacteriol- 
 ogy- 
 Bacteriology (bak-te-re-ol' -o-je) [bacterio-; 
 Xoyoc, science]. The science concerned with 
 the study of bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriolysin (bak-te-re-o-li'-sin). A complex 
 substance containing a peptic ferment com- 
 bined with a bacterial derivative. 
 
 Bacteriolysis (bak-te-re-ol' '-is-is) [bacterio-; 
 Xuaig, a loosing]. A fermentative process, 
 discovered by Pfeiffer (1894), in which 
 specific ferments act only on certain cells, 
 just as certain yeasts act only on sugars of 
 certain definite constitution. Syn., Pfeiffer's 
 phenomenon. 
 
 Bacteriolytic (bak-te-re-o-lit'-ik). Possessing 
 a disintegrating action upon living bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriopathology (bak-te-re-o-path-oV '-o-je) 
 [bacterio-; pathology]. The science of dis- 
 eases due to bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriophytoma (bak-te-re-o- fi-to'-mah) [bacte- 
 rio-; (f>urov, a growth]. A newgrowth caused 
 by bacteria. 
 
 Bacterioplasmin (bak-te-re-o-plaz f -min) [bac- 
 terio-; izXaajxa, anything formed or molded]. 
 One of several toxic principles or toxalbumins 
 extracted from pathogenic organisms, as of 
 cholera or typhoid fever, by pressure. 
 
 Bacterioprotein (bak-te-re-o-pro' -te-in) [bacte- 
 rio-; npihxoQ, first]. A protein contained in 
 bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriopurpurin (bak-te-re-o-pur' '-pu-rin) [bac- 
 terio-; purpura, purple]. A peach-colored 
 pigment found by Lankester in the protoplasm 
 of Beggiatoa roseopersicina. It is insoluble in 
 water, alcohol, chloroform, ammonia, acetic 
 acid, and sulfuric acid. 
 
 Bacterioscopic (bak-te-re-o-skop'-ik) [bacterios- 
 copy]. Pertaining to bacterioscopy. 
 
 Bacterioscopy (bak-te-re-os'-ko-pe) [bacterio-; 
 oKoxelv, to view]. The microscopic study of 
 bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriosis (bak-te-re-o' -sis) [bacterium]. The 
 action of bacteria in the system; infection by 
 bacteria. 
 
 Bacteriotherapy (bak-te-re-o-ther'-ap-e) [bac- 
 terio-; depanela, treatment]. The treatment 
 of disease by the introduction of bacteria into 
 the system. 
 
 Bacterium (bak-te' -re-um) [fianz-qpcov, a little 
 stick; pi., bacteria]. 1. A synonym of 
 Schizomyces ox Microorganism. 2. The word 
 was formerly restricted to a genus of schizo- 
 mycetous fungi established by Ehrenberg 
 (1838) and Dujardin (1841), characterized 
 by short, linear, inflexible, rod-like forms, 
 without tendency to unite into chains or 
 filaments. Morphologically, bacteria are 
 spheric (cocci); in the form of straight rods 
 (bacilli) ; or of twisted rods (spirilla). Bac- 
 teria are either aerobic, requiring free oxygen, 
 or anaerobic, not requiring free oxygen. 
 Again, certain forms appear to possess the 
 ability to flourish in either condition, and are 
 known as facultative aerobic or facultative 
 anaerobic. Bacteria are either motile or 
 nonmotile; they may exist as saprophytes, 
 facultative parasites, strict, obligate, or true 
 parasites. Those that produce pigment are 
 known as chromogenic; those that produce 
 fermentation, as zymogenic; those that affect 
 adversely the health of plants or animals, 
 as pathogenic. See Bacteria, Table of, and 
 special terms under appropriate headings. 
 
 Bacteriuria (bak-te -re-u'-re-ah) [bacterium; 
 obpov, urine]. The presence of bacteria in 
 the urine. 
 
 Baculiform (bak'-u-le-form) [baculum, a stick; 
 forma, form]. Rod-shaped. 
 
 Bael (ba'-el). See Bel. 
 
 Baelz's Disease. Progressive ulceration and 
 ultimate destruction of the mucous glands of 
 the lips. 
 
 (von) Baer's Law. The more special forms 
 
BAEYER'S REACTION 
 
 152 
 
 BALLOTTEMENT 
 
 of structure arise out of the more general, and 
 that by a gradual change. B.'s Vesicle, 
 the ovule. 
 
 Baeyer's Reaction for Glucose. Indigo is 
 formed on boiling a glucose solution with 
 orthonitrophenyl-propiolic acid and sodium 
 carbonate. When the glucose is in excess, 
 this blue is converted into indigo white. B.'s 
 Reaction for Indol, a watery solution of 
 indol to which have been added 2 or 3 drops 
 of fuming nitric acid and then a 2 % solution 
 of potassium nitrite drop by drop, yields a 
 red liquid and then a red precipitate of nitro- 
 soindol nitrate, C 16 H 13 (NO)N 21 HNO s . 
 
 Bag [AS., bcelg]. 1. A sac. 2. The scro- 
 tum. B., Barnes', a rubber bag, shaped 
 somewhat like a lyre, used for dilating 
 the cervical canal. B., Intragastric, an 
 elastic rubber bag which, when folded 
 over a tube which runs through it, occupies 
 less space than an ordinary stomach-tube, 
 and which has the exact shape of the stomach 
 when it is inflated within that organ. It is 
 employed to obtain the contents of the 
 duodenum. B., Politzer's, a soft-rubber 
 bag for inflating the middle ear. B. of 
 Waters, the fetal membranes inclosing the 
 liquor amnii and projecting through the os 
 uteri early in labor. The sac usually rup- 
 tures when the cervix is dilated. 
 
 Bagnio (ban'-yo) [It., bagno]. 1. A house 
 of prostitution. 2. A bath-house. 
 
 Baillarger's Layer. A layer of short, delicate 
 fibers in the cerebral cortex, parallel to the 
 surface; it is visible to the naked eye in the 
 region surrounding the calcarine fissure, 
 and is there known as Vicq d'Azyr's band. 
 B.'s Sign, pupillary inequality in paralytic 
 dementia. 
 
 Baker's Cyst. See Cyst, Baker's. 
 
 Bakers' Itch. An eczematous affection of the 
 hands, caused by the irritation of the yeast. 
 B.'s Leg, knock-knee, or genu valgum. B.'s 
 Salt. A synonym of Smelling-salts or Am- 
 monium carbonate; it is sometimes used 
 by bakers in leavening cakes. B.'s Stigmata, 
 corns on the fingers from kneading dough. 
 
 Balance (bal'-ans) [L., bilanx, having two 
 scales]. 1. An instrument for weighing. 
 2. The harmonious adjustment of related 
 parts. B., Electromagnetic, an apparatus 
 for estimating the intensity of electric cur- 
 rents. B., Thermic. See Bolometer. B., 
 Torsion, an instrument for estimating mag- 
 netic attraction and repulsion. 
 
 Balanic (bal'-an-ik) [ft&Xavoc, the glans 
 penis]. Pertaining to the glans of the penis 
 or of the clitoris. 
 
 Balanitis (bal-an-i' '-tis) [ftaXavoc, the glans 
 penis; txig, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the glans penis. 
 
 Balano- (bal-an-o-) [ftaXavoc, the glans penis]. A 
 prefix meaning relating to the glans penis. 
 
 Balanoblennorrhea (bal-an-o-blen-or-e'-ah) 
 [balano-; (HXhva, mucus ; po'ca, a flow]. 
 Gonorrheal balanitis. 
 
 Balanocele ibal-an' -o -set) [balano-; /ojAtj, a 
 
 hernia]. The protrusion of the glans through 
 an opening in the prepuce, as occurs in gan- 
 grenous phimosis. 
 
 Balanoplasty ibal-an' -o-plas-te) [balano-; nXaa- 
 oecv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the glans 
 penis. 
 
 Balanoposthitis (bal-an-o-pos-thi'-tis) [bal- 
 ano-; 7c6o6t), prepuce; ncc, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the glans penis and of the 
 prepuce. 
 
 Balanopreputial ibal-an-o-pre-pu' -she-al) [bal- 
 ano-; praputium, prepuce]. Relating to the 
 glans penis and the prepuce. 
 
 Balantidium {bal-an-tid' -e-um) [ftaXavr'cdcov, 
 dim. of fiaXavzcov, a bag]. A genus of pro- 
 tozoa. B. coli, a protozoan parasite that 
 inhabits the intestine of the pig. 
 
 Balata (bal-at'-ah) [native Guiana]. The 
 dried milky juice of the bully-tree, Mimu- 
 sops balata, and of several other sapotaceous 
 trees of Guiana. It is intermediate between 
 caoutchouc and guttapercha, and is used 
 chiefly in England as a substitute for these. 
 
 Balatin (bal'-at-in). The creamy sap from a 
 South American tree, Mimusops kauki; it 
 is used as a varnish and vehicle in skin 
 diseases. 
 
 Balbuties (bal-bu 1 '-she-ez) [balbutire, to stam- 
 mer]. Stammering. 
 
 Baldness (bawld'-nes) [ME., balde, bald]. Loss 
 of hair; alopecia. 
 
 Balfour ' s Disease . A fatal disease of childhood, 
 with postmortem findings of greenish-yellow 
 or greenish-gray fibrosarcomas in various parts 
 of the body, especially the periosteum. Syn., 
 Chloroma; Chlorosarcoma. 
 
 Ball (bawl) [ME., bal]. 1. An object having 
 a round or spheric shape. 2. In anatomy, 
 any globular part. B., Bichat's Fat-, the 
 buccal fat-pad, a mass of fat lying in the 
 space between the buccinator and the anterior 
 border of the masseter; is especially well 
 developed in infants. B., Gascoigne's, 
 pulverized Oriental bezoar formed into balls. 
 B., Martial, balls made of 2 parts of cream 
 of tartar and 1 part of iron filings; they 
 were used in the preparation of ferruginous 
 baths. Syn., Boli martis; Globuli mar tis. 
 B.-and-socket Joint. See Diarthrosis and 
 Enar thro sis. 
 
 Ballet's Sign. Ophthalmoplegia externa, 
 characterized by the loss of all voluntary 
 movements of the eyeball, with preservation 
 of the automatic movements and integrity 
 of the movements of the pupil. It is seen 
 in hysteria and exophthalmic goiter. 
 
 Ballingal's Disease. Mycetoma. 
 
 Balloon ibal-oon') [Mod. E., baloon, a large 
 bag]. 1. In chemistry, a spheric glass re- 
 ceiver with a short neck. 2. To distend a 
 body-cavity by means of air-bags or water- 
 bags. B. Sickness, an abnormal condition 
 due to the breathing of an insufficient amount 
 of oxygen. 
 
 Ballottement (bal-of -mon(g) ) [Fr., ballotte- 
 ment, tossing; shaking about]. A method of 
 diagnosticating pregnancy from the fourth 
 
BALM 
 
 153 BAMBERGER'S BULBAR PULSE 
 
 
 to the eighth month. A push is given the 
 uterus by the finger inserted into the vagina, 
 and if the fetus is present, it will rise and 
 fall again like a heavy body in water. B., 
 Cephalic, the rebound of the fetal head 
 against the hand when depressed through 
 the abdominal wall. B., Ocular, the falling 
 of opaque particles in a fluid vitreous humor 
 after movements of the eyeball. 
 
 Balm (bahm) [balsamum, a balsam], i. A 
 
 . popular synonym of Balsam. 2. Any sooth- 
 ing application or ointment. B. of Gilead, 
 the balm of the Old Testament; an oleoresin 
 obtained from the Balsamodendron gileadense. 
 
 Balneal (baV-ne-al). Relating to baths. 
 
 Balneography (bal-ne-og'-ra-}e) [balneum ; 
 Ypa(f)7], a writing]. A treatise on bathing and 
 baths. 
 
 Balneology (bal-ne-oV -o-je) {balneum; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of baths and their 
 effects upon the system. 
 
 Balneophysiology (bal-ne-o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [bal- 
 neum; physiology]. The physiology of bath- 
 ing; the science of the effects of baths upon 
 the system. 
 
 Balneotherapy (bal-ne-o-ther' -ap-e) [balneum ; 
 depaneca, treatment]. Systematic bathing for 
 therapeutic purposes, or the treatment of dis- 
 ease by baths. 
 
 Balneum (baV-ne-um) [L.]. A bath. See 
 Bath. B. arenae, a sand-bath. See Ammo- 
 therapy. B. lacteum, a milk-bath. B. 
 luteum, a mud-bath. B. pneumaticum, 
 an air-bath. 
 
 Balsam (bawl'-sam) [ftaXoaiiov, the resin of 
 the balsam-tree]. The resinous, volatile, 
 aromatic substance, liquid or solid, obtained 
 from certain trees by natural exudation or 
 by artificial extraction. Balsams are divided 
 into two classes — those with, and those with- 
 out, benzoic and cinnamic acids. In general 
 they are mixtures of various essential oils, 
 resins, and acids. B. -apple, the plant 
 Momordica balsamina, and its warty, gourd- 
 like fruit. It is purgative, but its tincture 
 is used in domestic medicine chiefly as a 
 vulnerary. B., Bengue's Anodyne, a com- 
 pound consisting of menthol, 2\ drams; 
 methyl salicylate, 2§ drams; wool-fat, 3 
 drams. B.-bog, a singular stone-like, woody, 
 umbelliferous plant, Bolax, or Azorella 
 glebaria, of the Falkland Islands and Pata- 
 gonia. Its aromatic gum is locally prized as 
 a vulnerary, desiccative, and antigonorrheal 
 remedy. B., Canada, a turpentine gathered 
 from the natural blisters of the bark of Abies 
 balsamea. It is used as a mounting-medium 
 by microscopists. See under Turpentine. B. 
 of Copaiba. See Copaiba. B. of Fir. Same 
 as B., Canada. B., Friars'. See Benzoin. 
 B.,Houmiri, B.,Humiri, the fragrant exu- 
 date from the trees Humiria balsamifera 
 and H. floribunda, natives of South Amer- 
 ica. It is used as an expectorant and 
 vermifuge. Syn., Umire. B. of Peru 
 (balsamum peruvianum, U. S. P.), the bal- 
 sam obtained from Toluifera pereira; an- 
 
 tiseptic, stimulant to the circulation, and 
 sedative to the nervous system, tonic and 
 expectorant. Applied locally, it is useful in 
 chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Dose 
 of the emulsion 10—25 m i n - (°-6-i-5 Cc). 
 B.-root, a popular, name for certain com- 
 posite-flowered plants of the genus Bal- 
 samorrhiza. B. hookerii, B. macrophylla, and 
 B. sagittata are common in the Pacific States 
 and abound in a resinous balsam. B., 
 Samaritan, a mixture of equal parts of 
 oil and wine, heated together, and a tenth 
 part of rosemary leaves. B., Stimulant, a 
 mixture of 8 parts of turpentine and 1 part 
 of mustard flour. B., Sulfur, a mixture of 
 8 parts of olive oil and 1 part of sublimed 
 sulfur heated together. B., Tagulaway, 
 B., Tagulavay, a yellow oil prepared in 
 the Philippines by boiling the bark and 
 twigs of the cebu, Parameria vulneraria, 
 in cocoanut oil; it is used as a vulnerary 
 and in skin diseases. Syn., Cebur; Jagula- 
 way balsam. B. of Tolu, B. of Tolutan 
 (balsamum tolutanum, U. S. P.), obtained 
 from Toluifera balsamum. Its properties 
 are due to a volatile oil, toluene. It 
 possesses an agreeable odor, and is a basis 
 for many cough-mixtures. It is expector- 
 ant. See also Tolu. 
 
 Balsamation (bawl-sam-a' -shun) [see Bal- 
 sam]. Embalmment with balsamic or aro- 
 matic spices. 
 
 Balsamic (bawl-sam r -ik) . Having the nature 
 or qualities of a balsam. 
 
 Balsamodendron (bawl-sam-o-den'-dron). See 
 Bdellium and Myrrh. 
 
 Balsamum (bawl' -sam-um) [balsam]. A balsam. 
 B. dipterocarpi. See Gurjun Balsam. 
 
 Baker's Fat-necrosis. An acute disease of 
 the pancreas with areas of fat-necrosis in 
 the interlobular tissue of that organ, in the 
 omentum and mesentery, at times also in the 
 pericardial fat and bone-marrow. 
 
 Bamberger's Bulbar Pulse. Pulsation of 
 the jugular vein, — the bulbus venae jugularis, 
 — synchronous with the systole, in tricuspid 
 insufficiency. B.'s Disease, saltatory spasm. 
 B.'s Fluid, an albuminous mercuric com- 
 pound used in the treatment of syphilis. 
 It is made as follows: To 100 Cc. of a fil- 
 tered solution of white of egg (containing 
 40 Cc. of albumin and 60 Cc. of water) there 
 are added 60 Cc. of a solution of mercuric 
 chlorid (containing 5 %, or 3 Gm., of mercuric 
 chlorid) and 60 Cc. of a solution of sodium 
 chlorid (containing 20 %); finally, 80 Cc. 
 of distilled water is added, which brings 
 the bulk of the solution up to 300, containing 
 0.0 10 mercuric chlorid in every cubic centi- 
 meter. B.'s Hematogenic Albuminuria, 
 albuminuria occurring during the later stages 
 of severe anemia. B.'s Sign, allocheiria; 
 perception of a stimulus applied to the skin 
 of one extremity at the corresponding place 
 on the other extremity. B.'s Type of Hyper- 
 trophic Pulmonary Osteopathy, a form 
 in which painful thickenings of the long 
 
BAMBOO 
 
 154 
 
 BANYAN 
 
 bones, especially of the forearm and leg, are 
 a prominent symptom. 
 
 Bamboo (bam-boo') [E. Ind., bambu], A 
 popular name for many tree-like, woody- 
 stemmed grasses, especially those of the 
 genus Bambusa. Bambusa arundinacea is 
 employed as an alterative, anthelmintic, and 
 depurative. Unof. B. -brier, the root of 
 Smilax sarsaparilla, habitat, southern United 
 States. Its properties are identical with 
 those of sarsaparilla. Dose of the fluid- 
 extract %-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Banana (ban-an'-ah) [Sp.]. The fruit of the 
 common banana, Musa sapientum, said to 
 be a valuable alterative, and useful in stru- 
 mous affections. Dose of the fluidextract 
 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Bananina (ban-an-in' -ah) . Banana flour, plan- 
 tain flour; the fruit of Musa sapientium, 
 dried and pulverized. 
 
 Band [ME., bande]. That which binds. 
 A stripe. A ligament. B.s, Amniotic, 
 bands formed by drawn-out adhesions be- 
 tween the fetus and the amnion where the 
 cavity has become distended through the 
 accumulation of fluid. Syn., Simonarfs 
 bands. B., Anogenital, the rudiment of 
 the perineum; a transverse band of integu- 
 ment completing the division of the cloaca 
 in the embryo. B., Axis, the primitive 
 streak. B., Belly-, a flannel band wound 
 around the abdomen. B. of the Colon, 
 Inner, a band-like thickening of the mus- 
 cular coat running alone the inner surface 
 of the ascending and descending colon 
 and the inferior aspect of the transverse 
 colon. B.s, Fetoamniotic, amniotic 
 bands producing deformities or intrauterine 
 amputation. B., Furrowed, a small band of 
 cinerea uniting the uvula cerebelli with the 
 cerebellar tonsils. B., Head-, a strap for 
 securing a mirror to the forehead. B., 
 Horny (of Tarinus), the fore part of the 
 taenia semicircularis. B., Kramer's Frontal, 
 a head-band with appliances to hold a 
 eustachian catheter in place so that the 
 surgeon's hands may be free. B., Meso- 
 blastic, a band of mesoblastic cells which 
 extends the entire length of the embryo. 
 B., Moderator. See B., ReiVs. B., Reil's, 
 a fibromuscular fillet that frequently extends 
 across the right ventricle of the heart. 
 Syn., Moderator band. B. of Remak. See 
 Fiber, Axial; also Purkinje, Axis -cylinder of. 
 B.s, Supraorbital, the embryonal thicken- 
 ings above the eyes and to the outer side 
 of them. B. of Tarinus. See B., Horny 
 (of Tarinus). 
 
 Bandage (ban'-daj) [Fr., bande, a strip]. 
 Bandages are usually strips of muslin or 
 Other material, of varying widths and lengths, 
 used in surgery for the purpose of protecting, 
 compressing, etc., a part, or for the retention 
 of dressings and applications. A simple 
 bandage or roller consists of one piece; a 
 compound, of two or more pieces. Starch, 
 plaster -of -par is, silica, dextrin, tripolith, etc., 
 
 are used for making stiff and immovable 
 dressings or bandages. According to their 
 direction, bandages are classed as: 1. Circu- 
 lar, circular turns about the part. 2. Figure- 
 of-8, the turns crossing one another like the 
 figure 8. 3. Oblique, covering the part by 
 oblique turns. 4. Recurrent, the turns re- 
 turning successively to the point of origin. 
 5. Spica, the turns resembling the arrange- 
 ment of the husks of an ear of corn. 6. 
 Spiral, each turn covering one-half of the 
 preceding. 7. Spiral reverse, the bandage is 
 reversed in order better to adapt it to the 
 part. Bandages are also classed according 
 to the part to which they are applied. (See 
 illustrations on pp. 155-158.) B., Abdomi- 
 nal. See Binder. B., Borsch's, a band- 
 age for one eye. B., Esmarch's, an elas- 
 tic rubber bandage to prevent hemorrhage 
 in amputations. B., Genga's. See B., 
 Theden's. B., Heliodorus', the T-bandage. 
 B., Hueter's, a spica bandage for the peri- 
 neum. B., Langier's, a many -tailed paper 
 bandage. B., Larrey's, a form of many- 
 tailed bandage, the edges being glued to- 
 gether. B., Maisonneuve's, a variety of 
 plaster -of -paris bandage formed from cloths 
 folded, these being supported by other band- 
 ages. B., Martin's, an india-rubber band- 
 age for varicose veins. B., Recurrent, a 
 bandage used after amputations, to support 
 the flaps of the stump. B., Ribble's, the 
 spica bandage for the instep. B., Richet's, 
 a form of plaster-of-paris bandage to which 
 a small amount of gelatin has been added. 
 B. of Scultetus, a compound bandage, 
 similar to a spiral reverse in appearance and 
 action, used in compound fractures, so that 
 the short pieces of which it is composed may 
 be removed without motion of the limb. 
 B., Startin's, a bandage impregnated with 
 a mixture of paraffin and stearin. B.s, T-, 
 bandages shaped like the letter T. B., The- 
 den's, a form of roller bandage applied from 
 below upward over a graduated compress, to 
 control hemorrhage from a limb. 
 
 Bandl's Ring.. The line of depression some- 
 times felt on digital pressure just above the 
 pubes during labor-pains; it corresponds to 
 the site of the internal os uteri. 
 
 Baneberry (bdn'-ber-e). See Actcea. 
 
 Bang, Bhang, Bangue (bang). See Cannabis 
 indica. 
 
 Banian (ban f -yan) [Ar., banyan, a trader]. 
 A South Asiatic fig-tree, Ficus bengalensis, 
 remarkable for the development of roots and 
 secondary trunks from its branches. The 
 bark and seeds are tonic, diuretic, and anti- 
 pyretic. 
 
 Banti's Disease. Enlargement of the spleen 
 with progressive anemia, followed by hepatic 
 cirrhosis. 
 
 Banting Cure. A method for the reduction 
 of corpulence by abstinence from saccharine, 
 fatty, and farinaceous foods, and the use of 
 red meats. 
 
 Banyan (ban'-yan). See Banian. 
 
BANDAGES 
 
 155 
 
 BANDAGES 
 
 Crossed Bandage of Both Eyes. 
 
 Barton's Bandage. 
 
 T-BANDAGE OF THE EYE. 
 
 The Six-tailed Bandage of Galen. 
 
 Recurrent Bandage of the Head. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Transverse Recurrent Bandage of the Head. 
 (MouTlin.) 
 
 Four-tailed Bandage of the Head. 
 
 Agnew's Bandage. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Four-tailed Bandage of the Head. 
 
 Gibson's Bandage. — (Moullin.) 
 
BANDAGES 
 
 156 
 
 BANDAGES 
 
 Anterior Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Chest. Posterior Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Chest. 
 
 Suspensory and Compressor Bandage of the 
 Breast. 
 
 Spica Bandage of Shoulder. 
 
 Spiral Bandage of the Chest. 
 
 Velpeau's Bandage. 
 
 Desault's Bandage. 
 
 Double Spica Bandage of the Groins. 
 
BANDAGES 
 
 157 
 
 BANDAGES 
 
 Eight-tailed Bandage of the Abdomen. — (Moullin.) Ascending Spica Bandage of the Groin. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Elbow. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Gantlet Bandage. 
 
 Spiral Bandage of the Finger. 
 
 Spica Bandage of the Thumb. — (Horwitz.) 
 
 Demigantlet Bandage, 
 
BANDAGES 
 
 158 
 
 BANDAGES 
 
 Recurrent Bandage of Stump. 
 
 Modified Figure-of-8 Bandage of the Lower 
 Extremity. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Spiral Reversed Bandage of the Forearm (or 
 Leg). — (Moullin.) 
 
 Spica Bandage of the Foot. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Figure-of-8 Bandage of Ankle. — (Horwitz.) 
 
 Esmarch's Bandage. — (Horwitz.) 
 
BAOBAB TREE 
 
 159 
 
 BARIUM 
 
 Baobab Tree. See Adansonia digitata. 
 
 Baptin (bap'-tin) [baptisia]. A purgative glu- 
 cosid, obtainable from Baptisia tinctoria. 
 
 Baptisia {bap -Hz 1 '-e-ah) [fianxcocc, a dipping]. 
 Wild indigo. The root-bark of B. tinctoria, 
 the properties of which are due to an impure 
 glucosid, the socalled baptism. It is laxative 
 and stimulant in moderate doses, emetic and 
 cathartic in large doses, and is used in amen- 
 orrhea, typhus and typhoid fevers, and as 
 a local application to indolent ulcers and 
 gangrenous sores. Dose of the resin 1—5 gr. 
 (0.065-0.32 Gm.). B., Extract of . Dose 1-10 
 gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.). B., Fluidextract of. 
 Dose 2-20 min. (0.13-1.3 Cc). B., Tincture 
 of. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). All 
 unof. 
 
 Baptisin {bap f -tiz-in) [baptisia]. 1 . A precip- 
 itate from the tincture of Baptisia tinctoria; 
 antiseptic, purgative, ecbolic, resolvent. 
 Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Unof. 
 2. A bitter glucosid obtainable from the 
 plant Baptisia tinctoria; it has little medi- 
 cinal activity. 
 
 Bar [OF., barre]. 1. A band or stripe. 2. The 
 part of the upper jaw of a horse destitute of 
 teeth. 3. An arch. 4. A prominence of the 
 symphysis pubis projecting into the pelvic 
 cavity. B.s, Hyoid, the pair of cartilaginous 
 plates forming the second visceral arch. B., 
 Interureteric. See B., Mercier's. B., 
 Mercier's, the transverse curved ridge join- 
 ing the openings of the ureters on the inner 
 surface of the bladder; it forms the posterior 
 boundary of the trigone. Syn., Bar of the 
 bladder; Interureteric bar; Plica ureterica. 
 
 Barba (bar f -bah) [L.]. The beard. 
 
 Barbados Aloes {bar-ba'-doz aV-oz). See Aloes. 
 B. Distemper. Synonym of Yellow fever. 
 B. Leg. See Elephantiasis arabum. B. Nut. 
 See Purging Nut. 
 
 Barbaloin {bar-bal'-o-in) [Barbados; dXor), 
 aloe], C 17 H 20 O 7 . The aloin derived from 
 Barbados aloes. 
 
 Barbel (bar'-bel) [barba, a beard]. The fish 
 Cyprinus barbus; the roe is used as a purga- 
 tive in some countries, and causes vomiting 
 and purging if eaten to excess. B. Cholera, 
 an epidemic of fish-poisoning from eating 
 diseased barbels. The symptoms are iden- 
 tical with those of cholera nostras, and 
 are due to a ptomain. Syn., Gastric ichthyo- 
 toxism. 
 
 Barberry {bar'-ber-e). See Berberis. B. 
 Gum, a commercial name of certain varie- 
 ties of gum-arabic. 
 
 Barber's Itch. Sycosis parasitaria. 
 
 Bard's Sign. To differentiate between or- 
 ganic and congenital nystagmus. In the 
 former the oscillations of the eyeball increase 
 when the patient follows the physician's 
 finger, moved before his eye alternately from 
 right to left and from left to right. In the 
 latter the oscillations disappear under these 
 conditions. 
 
 Bardana {bar-da'-nah) [L.]. The burdock. 
 See Lappa. 
 
 Bardinet's Ligament. The posterior fasci- 
 culus of the internal lateral ligament of 
 the elbow-joint; it is attached above to 
 the „ posteroinferior portion of the internal 
 condyle, and below, by its expanded bor- 
 der, to the inner side of the olecranon 
 process. 
 
 Bareggi's Reaction. Twenty or 30 drops 
 of blood collected in a small test-tube and 
 allowed to stand for 24 hours will show a 
 nonretracted clot and a small amount of 
 serum if the blood has been taken from a 
 typhoid-fever patient. In tuberculosis, on 
 the other hand, the clot will retract and an 
 abundance of serum will be formed. 
 
 Baregin {bar-a'-zhin). See Glairin. 
 
 Baresthesiometer (bar-es-the-ze-om' '-et-er) 
 
 [flapoc, weight; a'ceOrjotc, perception; p.kxpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for estimating 
 the sense of weight or pressure. 
 
 Barfoed's Reagent for Dextrose. One part 
 copper acetate dissolved in 15 parts of water; 
 5 Cc. of acetic acid containing 38 % of glacial 
 acetic acid, added to 200 Cc. of this solution. 
 Heat this reagent with a dextrose solution, 
 and a reduction of copper suboxid is pro- 
 duced, but not when heated with lactose or 
 maltose. 
 
 Baric (ba'-rik) [barium]. Pertaining to or 
 containing barium. 
 
 Barilla {bar-il'-ah) [Fr., barille, impure 
 soda]. The ashes obtained by burning vari- 
 ous chenopodiaceous plants of the genera 
 Salicornia and Salsola. They contain 
 about 30 % of sodium carbonate. 
 
 Barium {ba'-re-um) [ftapoc, weight]. Ba = 
 136.8; quanti valence II. A metal of the 
 group of alkaline earths, of pale yellow 
 color, characterized by a strong affinity 
 for oxygen. The salts are poisonous. B. 
 Arsenate, Ba 3 (As0 4 ) 2 , a white powder, 
 almost insoluble in water. It is used in 
 tuberculosis and in skin diseases. Dose 
 rs—i gr. (0.004-0.016 Gm.). B. Benzoate, 
 Ba(C 7 H 5 2 ) 2 + 2H 2 0, small, colorless plates; 
 it is used instead of digitalis as a heart-stimu- 
 lant. B. Carbonate, BaCO s , used in the 
 preparation of the chlorid. B. Chlorid, 
 BaCl 2 . 2H 2 0, soluble, used as a test for 
 sulfates, which it precipitates as barium 
 sulfate, and also as a cardiac and vasomotor 
 stimulant. Dose £-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.). 
 B. Chroma te, BaCr0 4 , yellow crystals, 
 insoluble in water; it is used as a pigment. 
 Syn., Yellow ultramarine. B. Hydrate, B. 
 Hydroxid, Ba(OH) 2 , caustic baryta; a crys- 
 talline substance, soluble in water, and used 
 as a test for sulfates, which it precipitates 
 as barium sulfate. B. Iodid, formerly used 
 as an alterative. Dose § gr. (0.008 Gm.). 
 It is employed in ointments. B. Man- 
 ganate, BaMn0 4 , emerald-green powder of 
 microscopic prisms or six-sided plates; it 
 has been used as a pigment. B. Meconate, 
 a compound of barium and meconic acid; 
 it is used as an anthelmintic. B. Oxid, 
 BaO, baryta. B. Sulfate, BaS0 4 . B. 
 
BARK 
 
 160 
 
 BARTHOLINIAN ABSCESS 
 
 Sulfid, BaS, a white, phosphorescent powder, 
 soluble in water; it is used as an alterant. 
 Dose 2~i gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.) in keratin- 
 coated pills. B. Sulfocarbolate, Ba(C 6 H5- 
 S0 4 ) 2 , colorless crystals, soluble in water; it 
 is antiseptic. 
 
 Bark [ME., barke]. 1. The cortex or cover- 
 ing surrounding the wood of exogenous 
 trees. 2. Synonym of Cinchona or Calisaya 
 bark. B., Peruvian. See Cinchona. (For 
 other barks, see the names of the plants or 
 trees that produce them.) 
 
 Barkow's Ligament. Ligamentous bundles 
 lying in the fatty tissue of the olecranon 
 fossa; they pass from the upper border of 
 the fossa vertically downward to join the 
 deeper fibers of the posterior ligament of 
 the elbow-joint. 
 
 Barley (bar'-le) [ME., barly]. A cereal be- 
 longing to the order Graminea; the most 
 common variety, Hordeum distichon, is used 
 as a food, and also in the preparation of 
 malt. B., Decoction of. See B. -water. 
 B., Pearl-, the decorticated grain, rounded 
 and polished. B. -water (decoctum hordei, 
 B. P.), a decoction consisting of 2 ounces 
 of pearl-barley boiled in if pints of water 
 and afterward strained. It is used as a 
 demulcent and food in the diarrheas of 
 children. Dose 1-4 oz. (30-120 Cc). 
 
 Barlow's Disease. Infantile scurvy, generally 
 associated with rickets, and characterized by 
 subperiosteal hemorrhages, especially of the 
 long bones, with painful swellings. 
 
 Barnes' Cervical Zone. The lowest fourth 
 of the internal surface of the uterus. B.'s 
 Curve, in obstetrics, the segment of a circle, 
 having for its center the sacral promontory, its 
 concavity looking backward. B.'s Dilators, 
 graduated rubber bags used for dilating the 
 cervix uteri in the induction of abortion or 
 premature labor. 
 
 Baro- (ba-ro-) [ftapoc, weight]. A prefix imply- 
 ing heaviness. 
 
 Baroelectroesthesiometer (bar-o-e-lek-tro-es- 
 the-ze-om' -et-er) [baro-; yXenrpov, amber; 
 a'lodrjoic, perception; ptirpov, a measure]. 
 An apparatus to determine the amount of 
 pressure when electric sensibility to pain is felt. 
 
 Barograph {bar'-o-gra}) [baro-; yphfecv, to 
 record]. A self -registering barometer. 
 
 Barometer {bar ■-om' '-et-er) [baro-; fierpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for determ- 
 ining the weight and tension of the at- 
 mosphere. It consists essentially of a glass 
 tube, about 36 inches long, closed at one 
 end, filled with mercury, and inverted in a 
 basin of mercury. The mercury will sink 
 in the tube until it rests at a height of about 
 30 inches (760 mm.) at the sea-level, the 
 height varying as the atmospheric pressure 
 increases or diminishes. B., Air, a barome- 
 ter with air or gas imprisoned above the 
 column of liquid; .the variations of atmos- 
 pheric pressure are indicated by the changes 
 in the volume of this air. B., Aneroid, a 
 metallic box from which the air has been 
 
 exhausted, the tension being indicated by the 
 collapsing or bulging of the thin, corrugated 
 cover, which is connected with a movable 
 index. B., Boiling-point, an instrument 
 for determining the atmospheric pressure 
 through observation of the boiling-point of 
 water. Syn., Barothermometer ; Hypsometer; 
 Thermobarometer. B. -maker's Disease, a 
 form of chronic mercurial poisoning among 
 the workmen who make barometers. It is 
 due to the inhalation of the fumes of mercury. 
 
 Barometrograph (bar-o-met'-ro-graf). See 
 Barograph. 
 
 Barometry ibar-om'-et-re). The science of 
 atmospheric pressure and the use of the 
 barometer. 
 
 Baroscope {bar' -o-skop) [baro-; oKonelv, to 
 observe]. An instrument used for determin- 
 ing the loss of weight of a body in air, com- 
 pared with its weight in a vacuum. A form 
 of baroscope has been invented by Esbach 
 for the quantitative determination of urea. 
 
 Barosma (bar-oz'-mah) [baro-; daptrj, smell]. 
 A plant of the order Rutacece, native 
 to the Cape of Good Hope and vicinity, 
 several species of which yield the buchu of 
 commerce. 
 
 Barosmin {bar-oz'-min) [barosma]. A precip- 
 itate from the tincture of Barosma crenu- 
 lata. Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.). Unof. 
 
 Barral's Test for Albumin and Bile-pig- 
 ments. Cover the urine in a test-tube with 
 a layer , of 20 % solution of aseptol (ortho- 
 phenolsulfonic acid), and in the presence 
 of albumin a white ring will form at the 
 zone of contact of the two fluids; j of a grain 
 of albumin in 1 liter of urine may be thus 
 detected. Mucin causes a similar appearance, 
 but it disappears on boiling. A green ring 
 will indicate the presence of bile-pigments. 
 This is much more sensitive than the color 
 test with fuming nitric acid. 
 
 Barringtonia {bar-ing-to'-ne-ah) [D. Barring- 
 ton, an English naturalist]. A genus of 
 plants of the order Myrtacece. B. acutan- 
 gula is a tree growing in Australia and 
 India. The juice from the leaves mixed 
 with oil is used in skin diseases; the root is 
 bitter, cooling, and aperient, and is said to 
 be similar to cinchona; the seeds,* prepared 
 with sago and butter, are used in diarrhea. 
 B. butonica is a tree of Australia and 
 India. The outer portion of the fruit is 
 used to stupefy fish. B. racemosa has 
 properties similar to B. acutangula. 
 
 Barsati {bar-sat-e'). A disease affecting horses, 
 considered analogous to cancer. Syn., Atro- 
 phic carcinoma. 
 
 Bartholin, Duct of (bar' -tho-lin) . See Duct 
 of Bartholin. B., Foramen of, the obturator 
 foramen. B., Glands of, the vulvovaginal 
 glands, a pair of glands situated at the en- 
 trance of the vagina, one on each side, and 
 corresponding to Cowper's glands in the 
 male. 
 
 Bartholinian Abscess. An abscess of Bar- 
 tholin's glands, 
 
BARTON'S BANDAGE 
 
 161 
 
 BASILOPHARYNGEAL 
 
 Barton's Bandage. A bandage for the lower 
 jaw. B.'s Fracture, the separation of the 
 posterior portion of the lower articular surface 
 of the radius. 
 
 Baruch's Sign. The resistance of the rectal tem- 
 perature to a bath of 75 for 15 minutes, with 
 friction; it is pathognomonic of typhoid fever. 
 
 Baruria (bar-u'-re-ah) [fiapuc, heavy; obpov, 
 urine]. The passage of urine having a high 
 specific gravity; also the condition of the 
 body associated therewith. 
 
 Bary- (bar-e-) [fiapuc, heavy]. A prefix mean- 
 ing heavy, dull, or hard* 
 
 Baryencephalia (bar-e-en-sef-a' -le-ah) [bary-; 
 ij-K£(f)aXoc, brain]. Dulness of intellect. 
 
 Baryglossia {bar-e-glos' -e-ah) [bary-; ykujooa, 
 tongue]. Thick, slow utterance. 
 
 Barylalia {bar -e-la' -le-ah) [bary-; XaXca, speech]. 
 Thickness of speech. 
 
 Baryta, Barytes (bar-i'-tah, bar-i'-tes) [barium]. 
 Barium oxid. B., Caustic. See Barium 
 Hydrate. B., Synthetic. See Barium Sulfate. 
 
 Barythymia (bar-e-thi' -me-ah) [bary-; dup.6c, 
 mind]. A melancholy, gloomy, or sullen 
 state of mind. 
 
 Baryticoargentic {bar -it -ik-o -ar - jen'-tik) 
 [baryta; argentum]. Containing baryta and 
 silver. 
 
 Baryticosodic (bar-it-ik-o-so' '-dik) [baryta; so- 
 dium]. Containing baryta and sodium. 
 
 Barytin {bar' -it-in) . Native barium sulfate. 
 
 Basal (ba'-sal) [fiaocc, a foundation]. Pertain- 
 ing to or located at the base. B. Ganglions, 
 the optic thalamus and corpus striatum of 
 the brain. 
 
 Basalia (ba-sa' '-le-ah) [basis], Huxley's term for 
 the metacarpal bones. 
 
 Bascule Movement (bas'-kul) [Ft., bascule, a 
 swing]. The recoil of the heart in its systolic 
 motion. 
 
 Base (bas) [basis]. The lowest part of a 
 body or the foundation upon which any- 
 thing rests. In chemistry, an element or 
 radicle that combines with an acid to form 
 a salt. The electropositive molecule or 
 radicle of a compound. In pharmacy, the 
 most important part of a prescription. B., 
 Acid-forming, B., Acidifiable, one which 
 forms an acid by uniting with water. B., Al- 
 dehyd. See Aldin. B., Animal, a ptomain. 
 
 Basedow's Disease. Exophthalmic goiter or 
 Graves' disease. See Goiter, Exophthalmic. 
 
 Basella (bas-el'-ah) [Malabar name]. A genus 
 of plants of the order Chenopodiacece. B. 
 rubra, Malabar nightshade, is an esculent 
 herb cultivated throughout India, where the 
 juice of the leaves is given in infantile catarrh 
 and an infusion of the leaves is used as tea. 
 
 Basement (bds'-ment) [Fr., bassement]. The 
 fundamental portion. B. -membrane. See 
 Membrane, Basement-. 
 
 Bas-fond (bah-fond') [Fr.]. The floor or 
 lowest portion of the urinary bladder. 
 
 Basham's Mixture. A mixture of iron and 
 ammonium acetate. 
 
 Basi- (ba-si-) [basis]. A prefix meaning basis or 
 base. 
 12 
 
 Basial (ba'-ze-al) [basis]. Relating to a base 
 or to the basion. 
 
 Basic (ba'-sik). Having properties of a base; 
 i. e., capable of neutralizing acids. 
 
 Basichromatin (bas-e-kro' -mat-in) [basi-; 
 Zpwfxa, color]. According to Heidenhain, 
 that portion of the nuclear reticulum stained 
 by basic anilin dyes. 
 
 Basicity (bas - is' -it-e). 1 . The quality of 
 being basic. 2. The combining power of 
 an acid. 
 
 Basicranial (ba-se-kra' -ne-al) [basi-; Kpav'cov, 
 the skull]. Relating to the base of the skull. 
 B. Axis, a line running from a point mid- 
 way between the occipital condyles through 
 the median plane to the junction of the 
 ethmoid and presphenoid. 
 
 Basidiomycetes (bas-id-e-o-mi-se' -tez) [basid- 
 ium; fiUfcyc, a fungus]. A division of fungi 
 comprising genera which produce spores upon 
 basidia. 
 
 Basidium (bas-id' -e-um) [dim. of fiaocc, a 
 base; pi., basidia]. In biology, a large cell 
 in the higher fungi, borne on the hymenium 
 and producing spores at its free end. 
 
 Basifacial (ba-se-fa'-shal) [basi-; fades, face]. 
 Pertaining to the lower portion of the face. 
 B. Axis, in craniometry, a line from the 
 anterior point of the premaxilla to the an- 
 terior point of the basicranial axis. 
 
 Basifier (ba f -sif-i-er) [basi-; facere, to make]. 
 A substance capable of converting a body 
 into a base. 
 
 Basigenic (ba-se-jen'-ik) [basi-; yevvav, to pro- 
 duce]. Producing bases. 
 
 Basihyal (ba-se-hi' -at) [basi-; uoecdr/c, shaped 
 like the letter u, upsilon]. Either one of the 
 two bones, one on each side, that form the 
 principal part of the body of the hyoid 
 arch. 
 
 Basihyoid (ba-se-hi f -oid). See Basihyal. 
 
 Basilar (bas'-il-ar) [basis]. Pertaining to the 
 base. B. Artery. See under Artery. B. 
 Membrane, a membrar^ms division-wall 
 separating the scala vestibuli from the scala 
 tympani, extending from the base to the apex 
 of the cochlea, and supporting the organ of 
 Corti. B. Process, a strong quadrilateral 
 plate of bone in front of the foramen mag- 
 num. B. Suture, the suture formed by the 
 junction of the basilar process of the occi- 
 pital bone with the posterior surface of the 
 body of the sphenoid. 
 
 Basilateral (bas-e-lat'-er-al) [basi-; latus, side]. 
 Both basilar and lateral. 
 
 Basilemma (bas-il-em'-ah) [basi-; tefifia, a 
 husk]. A basement-membrane. 
 
 Basilic (ba-siV-ik) [(jaadinoc, royal]. Impor- 
 tant; prominent; said of a structure or a 
 drug.- B. Vein, a large vein of the arm on 
 the inner side of the biceps. 
 
 Basilicon Ointment (bas-il' '-ik-on oini'-ment). 
 Rosin cerate. It consists of rosin, 35 Gm.; 
 yellow wax, 15 Gm.; lard, 50 Gm. 
 
 Basilopharyngeal (bas-il-o-far-in'-je-al), Re- 
 lating to the basilar process of the occipital 
 bone and to the pharynx. 
 
BASILOSUBNASAL 
 
 162 
 
 BATH 
 
 Basilosubnasal (bas-il-o-sub-na'-zal). Relating 
 to the basion and the nasion. 
 
 Basilysis (has 4V -is -is) [basi-; Xoacg, a loosening]. 
 The breaking-up of the fetal skull in crani- 
 otomy. 
 
 Basilyst {bas' -il-ist) [see Basilysis]. An instru- 
 ment for use in perforating the cranial vault 
 and breaking up the base of the skull. 
 
 Basin {ba'-sin) [ME.], i. The third ventricle 
 of the brain. 2. The pelvis. B.-trap, a 
 trap or seat in the outlet of the basin of a 
 water-closet, placed there to prevent the 
 escape into the apartment of noxious and 
 offensive vapors and gases. 
 
 Basinasal {bas-e-na r -sal) [basion; nasus, the 
 nose]. Relating to the basion and the nasion. 
 
 Basioccipital (bas-e-ok-sip'-it-al) [basi-; occi- 
 put, the back of the head]. A bone, separate 
 in many of the lower vertebrate animals, 
 forming the central axis of the skull. In 
 adult human life it is the basilar process 
 of the occipital bone. 
 
 Basioglossus (bas-e-o-glos'-us) [basi-; yXcbooa, 
 the tongue]. That part of the hyoglossus 
 muscle that is attached to the base of the 
 hyoid bone. 
 
 Basion (ba'-se-on) [basis]. A point located 
 at the middle of the anterior margin of the 
 foramen magnum. * 
 
 Basiotribe (bas f -e-o-trib) [basion; rpcfietv, to 
 grind or crush]. An instrument used for per- 
 forating or crushing the fetal head. 
 
 Basiotripsy {bas-e-of -rip-se) [see Basiotribe], 
 The operation of crushing the fetal head. 
 
 Basipresphenoid {bas-e-pre-sfe r -noid) . 1. Re- 
 lating to the basisphenoid and presphenoid 
 bones. 2. The basipresphenoid bone. 
 
 Basirrhinal (bas-e-ri' '-not) [basi-; pec, nose]. 
 Relating to the base of the brain and to 
 the nose. Applied to a cerebral fissure lo- 
 cated at the base of the olfactory lobe. 
 
 Basis (ba f -sis) [ftaotc, foundation]. Base. 
 
 Basisphenoid {bas-e-sje f -noid) [basi-; o<fir)v, 
 wedge; eldoc, %)rm]. The lower part of 
 the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Basisylvian (bas-e-sil 1 '-ve-an) [basi-; Sylvius, 
 an anatomist]. Applied to the trans- 
 verse basilar portion or stem of the sylvian 
 fissure. 
 
 Basitemporal (bas-e-tem' -po-ral) [basi-; tem- 
 pora, the temples]. Relating to the base or 
 lower part of the temporal bone. 
 
 Basivertebral ibas-e-ver' -te-bral) [basi-; verte- 
 bra, a joint]. Relating to the basis or centrum 
 of a vertebra. 
 
 Basophil (bas f -o-fil) [basis; (ficXelv, to love]. 
 Cells and tissue elements showing an affinity 
 for basic rather than for acid dyes. 
 
 Basophilia (bas-o-fil'-e-ah) [basophil]. Increase 
 in the number of basophils in the circulating 
 blood. 
 
 Basophilic (bas-o-fil' -ik) [basophil]. 1. Com- 
 bining readily with bases; stainable by 
 means of basic dyes. 2. Any histologic 
 structure which stains with basic dyes. 
 
 Basophilous {bas-of'-il-us) [basophil]. Stained 
 by basic rather than by acid dyes. 
 
 Basophobia {bas-o-fo' -be-ah) [basis; 4>6ftoe, fear]. 
 Complete loss of the ability to walk or 
 stand erect, due to emotional causes, al- 
 though the muscles concerned are not appre- 
 ciably impaired. 
 
 Bass-deafness (bets' -de-f-nes) [Fr.. basse, fern, 
 of bas, low; ME., dee]]. Deafness to certain 
 bass-notes, the perception of the higher notes 
 being retained. 
 
 Bassia (bas'-e-ah) [Bassi, an Italian physi- 
 cian]. A genus of plants of the order Sapo- 
 tacece. B. butyracea, the Indian butter-tree, 
 furnishes from its seeds a pure vegetable 
 butter called choorie, esteemed as an appli- 
 cation in rheumatism, as an emollient for 
 the hands, as a dressing for the hair, and to 
 adulterate ghee; it is also used for soap- 
 making and for illumination. The fruit is 
 edible, and the flowers furnish a sugar 
 , equal, if not superior, to date-sugar. B. la- 
 tifolia is the mahwa-tree of central India, 
 where the flowers are eaten by the natives 
 and an intoxicating liquor is distilled from 
 them. The seeds yield a concrete oil in 
 large quantities, which is used for illuminat- 
 ing and to adulterate ghee; the seeds also 
 yield stearic acid on saponification. B. 
 longifolia, a tree of India, yields from the 
 bark a gummy exudate which is employed 
 in rheumatism; the bark is astringent and 
 emollient. An oil is expressed from the ripe 
 fruit. B. oleifera is an African species 
 the seeds of which furnish an oil used 
 in the Gaboon region as a food and 
 an application for rheumatism. B. serica 
 is a Java species yielding a kind of gutta- 
 percha. 
 
 Bassorin {bas'-o-rin) [Bassora, an Asiatic 
 town], C 6 H 10 O 5 , or 2C 6 H 10 O 5 . 1. A tasteless, 
 odorless, vegetable mucilage, insoluble in 
 cold water, but rendered soluble by alkalis; 
 it is found in gum tragacanth (of Bassora) 
 and in cherry and plum gums. 2. A term 
 for all vegetable mucilages. 
 
 Bast [AS., bcBst, a lime-tree]. The inner 
 bark of exogenous plants. The fibrous 
 parts of the bark are used in making cordage, 
 and have a limited use in surgery. 
 
 Bastard {bas'-tard) [OF., fils de bas, son of a 
 bast or of a pack -saddle]. 1. An illegitimate 
 child. 2. Illegitimate. 3. A hybrid species. 
 4. The name given to an impure sugar pro- 
 cured by concentrating molasses and allowing 
 it to crystallize slowly in molds. 
 
 Basyl {ba'-sil) [fiaoic, foundation]. The 
 electropositive constituent of a compound. 
 
 Basylous (bas' -il-us) . See Basigenic. 
 
 Bateman's Disease. Molluscum contagio- 
 sum. B.'s Drops, the tinctura pectoralis, a 
 weak tincture of opium, camphor, and cate- 
 chu; a popular remedy in coughs. 
 
 Bath [AS., bath]. 1. A bathing-place 
 or room. 2. The medium in which the 
 body is wholly or partly immersed. As 
 therapeutic agents, baths are classified ac- 
 cording as water, vapor, air, etc., is used; 
 according to the temperature, as hot, temper- 
 
BATH 
 
 163 
 
 BATH 
 
 ate, cold, etc.; according to the end desired, 
 as nutritional, medicinal, stimulant, etc. 
 Special forms of bath are the moor, peat, 
 mud-, slime, pine-leaf, herb (hay, gentian, 
 camomile, juniper, marjoram, etc.), brine, 
 sand, tan, bran, malt, glue, soup, milk, whey, 
 blood, wine, guano, starch, soap, acid, iron, 
 sulfur, carbonic acid, compressed air, mus- 
 tard, electric, etc. 3. A medium, such as 
 sand, water, oil, or other substance, inter- 
 posed between the fire and the vessel to be 
 heated, in chemic manipulations. B., Acid, 
 add 1 1 oz. of nitric acid and 1 to 3 oz. of 
 hydrochloric acid to 30 gallons of warm 
 water in a wooden or earthenware vessel, 
 and immerse the patient in this for from 10 
 to 20 minutes. For a foot-bath, add J oz. 
 of nitric acid and 1 oz. of hydrochloric acid 
 to 4 gallons of warm water. This is said 
 to be useful in cases of dyspepsia with slug- 
 gish liver and constipation. B.s, Acrato- 
 thermal, baths prepared from natural 
 mineral waters of high temperature, but in 
 which the gaseous and saline constituents are 
 small in quantity and of feeble therapeutic 
 action. Syn., Indifferent thermal baths; 
 Simple thermal baths; Unmixed thermal 
 baths. B., Air-, a bath in which but little 
 water is employe'd, the body being exposed 
 freely to the air. It is employed in those 
 cases in which there is a tendency to catch 
 cold on slight exposure. B., Alcohol, one 
 in dilute alcohol, used to reduce temperature 
 in fever. B., Alkaline, add 3 oz. of potas- 
 sium carbonate, or 6 of sodium carbonate, 
 to 25 or 30 gallons of hot water. It is used 
 in chronic squamous skin diseases, chronic 
 rheumatism, and lithemia. It should be 
 taken in a wooden, earthenware, or enameled 
 tub. B., Animal. 1. One prepared from 
 dung of cattle or the contents of the first 
 stomach of a freshly slaughtered ox. 2. The 
 introduction of the whole body or the part 
 affected with rheumatism into the body- 
 cavity of an animal just slaughtered. B., 
 Antimonial, one containing 1-2 oz. of 
 tartar emetic; it is used in skin diseases. 
 B., Antirheumatic, one containing, in suffi- 
 cient water for the purpose, 100 Gm. of oil 
 of turpentine, 10 Gm. of oil of rosemary, 
 50 Gm. of sodium carbonate. B., Anti- 
 syphilitic, a solution of 15 Gm. of mercury 
 bichlorid in 500 Gm. of water, to be added 
 to the bath at the time of using. B., Astrin- 
 gent, one prepared with tannin or other 
 astringents, to control sweating or in the treat- 
 ment of skin diseases. B., Astringent, 
 Most's, a bath for extensive burns, consisting 
 of a solution of 200 Gm. of alum in 6 to 8 
 pailfuls of cold water and 1 pailful of curdled 
 milk. B., Balsamic, one containing tar, 
 turpentine, or the buds and bark of terebinth- 
 aceous plants. B., Bog-, a bath made by 
 mixing bog-earth (produced by the decompo- 
 sition of plants in the presence of water and 
 found at iron and sulfur springs) with warm 
 water to form a pulpy or mushy consistence. 
 
 This is used as a mud-bath. B., Borax, 
 borax, 4 oz.; glycerol, 3 oz.; water, 30 gal- 
 lons. It is used in the same class of cases 
 as the bran-bath. B., Bran-, boil 1 pound 
 of bran in 1 gallon of water, strain, and add 
 30 gallons of water. This is a soothing and 
 emollient bath, and is of service in squamous 
 and irritable conditions of the skin. B. 
 Buff-, one in which the bather is nude. B., 
 Chemic, in chemistry, an apparatus for 
 regulating the temperature of chemic pro- 
 cesses by surrounding the substance with 
 water, sand, oil, or mercury, through which 
 the heat is communicated. B., Cold, a bath 
 of cold water, the temperature of the latter 
 varying from 32°-7o° F. (o°-2i° C.). It is 
 used to reduce fever and as a general 
 stimulant. B., Dipolar, a hydroelectric 
 bath in which the patient does not come in 
 contact with either of the electrodes, but 
 these are immersed in the water at each 
 end of the tub. B., Effervescent, a liquid 
 bath containing a free gas, which is given 
 off with effervescence. B., Egyptian, a 
 modification of the Turkish bath, with rise 
 of temperature to the maximum point, fol- 
 lowed by lowering of temperature to the 
 initial point. B., Electric. 1. One in which 
 the medium of the bath and the bather's 
 person are included in the circuit of a gal- 
 vanic current. 2. A bath in which an 
 electric current is generated by the decom- 
 position of the chemic constituents of the 
 medium. B., Electrothermal, a hot bath 
 combined with exposure to the influence of 
 electricity. B., Foot-, a bath for the feet, 
 used as a derivative agent in cases of cold, 
 etc. B., Fucus-, one containing seaweed, 
 or a decoction of it, imparting sodium chlorid 
 and a small percentage of iodin. B., Full, 
 one in which the patient's body is entirely 
 covered by water, so that his chin just clears it. 
 B., Gas-, one in which a gas is applied to 
 the entire body or an affected part by 
 means of a closed cabinet. B., Graduated, 
 one in which the temperature of the water 
 is gradually lowered by the addition of cold 
 or iced water. B., Herb-, made by using 
 the extract of pine-needles or of some aro- 
 matic herbs; used as a tonic. B., Hip-. 
 See B., Sitz-. B., Hot, one in which the 
 temperature of the water ranges from 104 
 to no° F. (40°-43.3° C). It acts upon the 
 skin, producing free perspiration, and ac- 
 celerates the pulse and respiration. B., 
 Hot-air, a Turkish bath. A bath in hot air. 
 It is useful as a diaphoretic, and in catarrhal, 
 neuralgic, and rheumatic conditions, but is 
 contraindicated in fatty degeneration of the 
 heart. B., Hydroelectric, a water-bath 
 charged with electricity. B., Hydrostatic, 
 a variety of permanent water-bath in which 
 the patient is supported without total im- 
 mersion. B., Indian, massage in combina- 
 tion with a Turkish bath. B., Internal, 
 lavage of the stomach or rectum. B., 
 Iodin-, one to which is added a solution of 
 
BATH 
 
 164 
 
 BATHMOTROPIC 
 
 8 Gm. of iodin and 16 Gm. of potassium 
 iodid in 600 Gm. of water. B., Kineto- 
 therapeutic, a water-bath in which specified 
 movements are carried out. B., Light-. 
 1. See - B., Sun-. 2. Exposure of affected 
 parts to rays of light by means of various 
 apparatus; also of the whole body for in- 
 ducing perspiration. B., Lime-, a bath 
 to which slaked lime is added at the 
 time of using; it is used in gout and 
 in treatment of itch. B., Medicated, a bath 
 in which medicinal substances, as mineral 
 salts, sulfur, etc., are dissolved or held in 
 suspension. B., Mercurial, a bath for 
 the treatment of syphilis, given in the vapor 
 of mercury, usually prepared by vaporizing 
 calomel over an alcohol lamp. B., Milk-, 
 a bath in milk, given for nutritive purposes. 
 B., Mineral. 1. The water of a mineral 
 spring used as the medium. 2. One to 
 which a solution of mineral substances has 
 been added. B., Monopolar, a hydroelec- 
 tric bath in which the wall of the metal tub 
 is utilized as a large electrode. The current 
 entering here is conducted to the entire sur- 
 face of the body in contact with the wate*-, 
 and passes out by means of a large metal 
 electrode the edges of which are covered 
 by a rubber pillow so placed that the patient 
 can lie upon it without coming in contact 
 with the metal. Cf. B., Dipolar. B., 
 Moor-, a bath in water mixed with the 
 earth of moors. B., Mud-, a bath prepared 
 by mixing well-seasoned earths, containing 
 more or less mineral matter, with water con- 
 taining the same substances. It is useful 
 in chronic rheumatism. B., Mustard-, 
 made by inclosing from 2 to 4 oz. of ordinary 
 mustard in a piece of muslin or thin linen 
 and hanging it in about four gallons of hot 
 water until the latter becomes yellow, or 
 simply by adding mustard to water. It is 
 used as a general bath for infants in collapse, 
 convulsions, or severe bronchitis, the child 
 being left in until the skin becomes distinctly 
 reddened. It is also used as is the foot-bath or 
 sitz-bath in amenorrhea. B., Nauheim, a 
 natural thermal effervescent (gaseous muri- 
 ated) bath. B., Needle. See B., Rain-. B., 
 Nutritive, one containing wine, milk, or any 
 nutritive ingredient. B., Oxygen-, an inhala- 
 tion of oxygen to correct inadequate aeration 
 of the blood; also a local application of 
 oxygen gas to gangrenous ulcers. B., Ozone-. 
 See B., Fucus-. B., Pack-, one in which 
 the body is wrapped in wet cloths. See B., 
 Sheet-. B., Peat-, an application of bog- 
 earth containing much vegetable matter 
 and used in gout and rheumatism. 
 B., Pine-, prepared by adding a decoction 
 of pine-needles, or some pine-extract, to hot 
 water. It is mildly stimulating, and is em- 
 ployed in hysteria, gout, and rheumatism. 
 B. of Plombieres, a bath to which a solution 
 of 100 Gm. of powdered gelatin in hot 
 water is first added and afterward a mixture 
 of 100 Gm. of sodium carbonate, 20 Gm. 
 
 each of sodium chlorid and sodium bicarbo- 
 nate, anti 60 Gm. of sodium sulfate. B., 
 Plunge-, a bath, hot or cold, into which the 
 patient plunges. B., Rain-, consists of from 
 four to six three-fourths circles of pipes secured 
 together at a distance of 2 to 3 inches. Each 
 pipe has three lines of fine perforations, from 
 which the stream issues under pressure, 
 striking the body of the patient at all points 
 with considerable force. B., Russian, a 
 vapor-bath, the vapor being generated by 
 throwing water upon heated mineral or 
 metallic substances. Syn., Vapor-bath. B., 
 Sand-. 1. One in which the body of the 
 patient is placed in a layer of dry sand that 
 has been heated. 2. In chemistry, the im- 
 mersion of a crucible, etc., containing a chemic 
 compound, in a vessel containing fine sand, 
 the latter being heated gradually to a high tem- 
 perature. B., Seaweed. See B., Fucus-. 
 B., Sheet- the application of cold water to the 
 body through the medium of a wet sheet or 
 towel placed upon the skin. It is used to 
 reduce temperature. B., Shower-, a douche 
 in which the water is delivered against the 
 body from a nozle with numerous perfora- 
 tions. B., Sitz-, one in which only the 
 buttocks and hips are immersed in water. 
 It is useful in pelvic inflammations, amenor- 
 rhea, and retention of urine. B., Slime-, 
 a bath in water mixed with the slimy deposit 
 of organic matter found in rivers and ponds. 
 B., Sponge-, one in which the patient's body 
 is rubbed with a wet sponge. It is used 
 to reduce temperature. B., Sulfur, potas- 
 sium sulfid 4 to 8 oz. in 30 gallons of water; 
 a little sulfuric acid may be added. It is 
 used in certain skin diseases, scabies, lead 
 colic, and lead palsy. B., Sun-, the ex- 
 posure of the naked body to the sun's rays. 
 B., Sweat-, B., Sweating, a bath to induce 
 a free flow of perspiration; e. g., a Turkish 
 bath. B., Tepid, the temperature of the 
 water ranges from 85°-Q5° F. (20.4°-35° 
 C.). It acts as a sedative, cleansing, and 
 detergent agent; the pulse, respiration, ex- 
 cretion, secretion, and temperature are 
 practically unaffected. B., Turkish, one in 
 which the bather is placed successively in 
 rooms of higher temperature, then shampooed 
 or rubbed, and finally stimulated by a 
 douche of cold water. See B., Hot-air. B., 
 Vacuum, the treatment of parts by sub- 
 jecting them to a partial vaccuum. B., 
 Vapor-. See B., Russian. B., Warm, a 
 bath in water having a temperature of from 
 oo°-ioo° F. ( 3 2.2 -38.5° C). It is used 
 to calm the nervous system, produce sleep, 
 and allay reflex irritability. B., Water-. 1. 
 A bath of water. 2. In chemistry, a bath of 
 water for- immersing vessels containing sub- 
 stances that must not be heated above the 
 boiling-point of water. B., Zinc-chlorid, a 
 chemic bath of molten zinc chlorid for im- 
 mersion of substances not to be heated 
 beyond 700 C. 
 Battimotropic {bath-mo-tro'-pik) \J3adji6f, 
 
BATHYESTHESIA 
 
 165 
 
 BATTERY 
 
 threshold; -pkr.a^, to turn]. Applied by 
 T. W. Engelmann to a supposed set of fibers 
 in the cardiac nerves which affect the ex- 
 citability of the cardiac muscle. Cf. Dro- 
 motropic; Inotropic. 
 
 Bathyesthesia (bath-e-es-the'-ze-ah) [3a6'Jc, 
 deep; aladr^cc, sensation]. Oppenheirn's term 
 for the muscle-sensations. 
 
 Bathymetry (bath-i- -met-re) [3adi>c, deep; 
 ftirpov, a measure]. The measurement of 
 the depths of the sea or of any body -cavity, 
 natural or abnormal. 
 
 Batophobia (bat-o-jo'-be-ah) \3azoc, a height; 
 cp63oc, fear], i. Acrophobia; dread of being 
 at a great height. 2. Dread of high objects; 
 fear of passing near a high building or of 
 going through a deep valley. 
 
 Batrachocephalus ibat - rak - o - sef - al - us) 
 [3a.-zpa.yoc, a frog; Kecja/.r,, the head]. Hav- 
 ing a frog-like head. 
 
 Batracin (bat'-ra-sin) \Jla-payoc, a frog]. A 
 poisonous secretion obtained from the cutane- 
 ous pustules of toads. According to Calmeil, 
 the poison of toads contains methyl-carbyl- 
 amin and isocyanacetic acid. 
 
 Batracosi ibah-tra-ko'-se) [It.]. See Ranida. 
 B. sottolinguale, a form of diphtheria sup- 
 posed to be contracted from fowls, and char- 
 acterized bv swelling of the submaxillar}* and 
 sublingual glands. 
 
 Battarism I bct'-ar-izm) [Sa—apcaaoc, a stut- 
 tering]. Stuttering or stammering. 
 
 Battery (bat'-er-e) [batteria, a beating; batten - ]. 
 A series of two or more pieces of apparatus 
 arranged to produce increased effect, as 
 battery of boilers, prisms, lenses, galvanic 
 cells. It is usually applied to a series of 
 cells producing electricity (voltaic or gal- 
 vanic batten*); also, frequentiy, to a single 
 cell. B., Cautery, a galvanic batten* with 
 high electromotive force for heating a wire 
 used as a cautery. B., Faradic, B., Fara- 
 daic, one giving a faradic current. B., 
 Galvanic, one giving a galvanic or cheniic 
 current. B., Hare's, a batten* of cells 
 marked by low resistance. Two large plates 
 of zinc and copper, separated from each 
 other by cloth or some indifferent sub- 
 stance, are rolled on a wooden cylinder and 
 immersed in acidulated water. See Dejlag- 
 rator. B., Primary, the combination of a 
 number of primary cells so as to form a 
 single battery. B., Secondary, the com- 
 bination of a number of storage-cells to form 
 a single electric source. The following table 
 shows the materials used in the more im- 
 portant batteries, and the electromotive force 
 (E.M.F.) in volts. Prlxclpal Batteries 
 with Elements. Fluids, etc.: Beetz. — 
 Positive element, zinc; negative element, cop- 
 per; exciting agent, zinc sulfate in plaster- 
 of-paris; depolarizing agent, copper sulfate 
 in plaster - of -paris; E.M.F., 1.04 volts. 
 Buxsex. — Positive element, zinc; negative ele- 
 ment, carbon; exciting agent, dilute sulfuric 
 acid: depolarizing agent, nitric acid: E.M.F., 
 r. 75-1 .96 volts. Callaud. — Positive ele- 
 
 ment, zinc; negative element, copper; exciting 
 agent, solution of zinc sulfate; depolanz 
 agent, cupric sulfate; E.M.F., 1.0-1.14 volts*. 
 Daxlell. — Positive element, zinc; negative 
 element, copper; exciting agent, zinc sulfate; 
 depolarizing agent, cupric sulfate; E.M.F., 
 1.0-1.14 volts. Edisox-Lelaxtje. — Positive 
 element, zinc; negative element, cupric oxidand 
 carbon; exciting agent, potassium hydroxid; 
 depolarizing agent, cupric oxid; E.M.F., 0.75 
 volt. Fuller. — Positive element, zinc; nega- 
 tive elemeyit, carbon; exciting agent, zinc 
 chlorid; depolarizing agent, potassium di- 
 chromate and hydrochloric acid; E.MF., 
 1.5 volts. Galtte. — Positive element, zinc: 
 negative element, silver; exciting agent, zinc 
 chlorid; depolarizing agent, silver chlorid; 
 E.M.F., 1.02 volts. Gravity. — See Callaud. 
 Grexet. — Positive element, zinc; negative 
 element, carbon; exciting agent, sulfuric acid 
 and potassium dichromate; depolarizing 
 agent, chromium trioxid; E.M.F., 2 volts. 
 Grove. — Positive element, zinc; negative ele- 
 ment, platinum; exciting agent, dilute sulfuric 
 acid; depolarizing agent, nitric acid; E.M.F., 
 1. 94-1. 9 7 volts. Latimer-Clark. — Positive 
 element, zinc; negative element, mercury; 
 exciting agent, mercuric sulfate; depolarizing 
 agent, mercuric sulfate: E.M.F., 1.436 
 volts. Leclaxche. — Positive element, zinc; 
 negative element, carbon: exciting agent, 
 ammonium chlorid; depolarizing agent, 
 manganese dioxid; E.M.F., 1.42 volts. Le- 
 l.an*de-Chaperoxe. — Positive element, zinc; 
 negative element, copper or iron: exciting 
 agent, potassium hydroxid; depolarizing 
 agent, cupric oxid; E.M.F., 0.98 volt. 
 Maische. — Positive element, zinc scraps in 
 a bath of mercury; negative element, platin- 
 ized carbon; exciting agent, common salt 
 solution; depolarizing agent, none separate; 
 E.M.F., 1.25 volts. Marie -Davy. — Posi- 
 tive element, zinc; negative element, carbon; 
 exciting agent, sulfuric acid, dilute: de- 
 polarizing agent, mercuric sulfate; E.M.F.. 
 1.52 volts. Mayxooth. — Positive element, 
 zinc; negative element, iron; exciting agent, 
 sulfuric acid, dilute; depolarizing agent, 
 nitric acid (strong). Xlaudet. — Positive 
 element, zinc; negative element, carbon; 
 exciting agent, common salt solution: de- 
 polarizing agent, chlorinated lime: E.M.F.. 
 1.63 volts. Poggexdorf. — Positive element, 
 zinc; negative element, carbon; exciting 
 agent, potassium dichromate and sulfuric 
 acid: depolarizing agent, chromium trioxid; 
 E.M.F., 1.98 volts. Schaxschieff. — Positive 
 element, zinc; negative element, carbon; 
 exciting agent, mercurial solution: depolariz- 
 ing agent, none separate; E.M.F.. 1.56 volts. 
 Scrtv ax*of:f. — Positive element, zinc: nega- 
 tive element, silver; exciting agent, potassium 
 hvdroxid; depolarizing agent, silver chlorid; 
 E.M.F., 1.5 volts. Smee. — Positive element, 
 zinc: negative element, platinized silver; 
 exciting agent, sulfuric acid, dilute; de- 
 polarizing agent, none; E.M.F., 0.5 to 1.0 
 
BATTEY'S OPERATION 
 
 166 
 
 BEAN 
 
 volt. Walker. — Positive element, zinc; neg- 
 ative element, platinized carbon; exciting 
 
 ' agent, sulfuric acid, dilute; depolarizing 
 agent, none; E.M.F., 0.66 volt. Warren 
 de la Rue. — Positive element, zinc; negative 
 element, silver; exciting agent, ammonium 
 chlorid; depolarizing agent, silver chlorid; 
 E.M.F., 1.05 volts. 
 
 Battey's Operation. Removal of the ovaries 
 in order to eliminate their physiologic influ- 
 ence. 
 
 Battledore {bat' -el-dor) [ME., batyldoure, a 
 bat for beating clothes]. An instrument 
 shaped like a racket. B. Placenta, one in 
 which there is a marginal insertion of the 
 cord. 
 
 Baudelocque's Diameter (bo'-del-ok). In 
 obstetrics, the external conjugate diameter 
 of the pelvis. 
 
 Bauhin, Valve of (bo'-hin). The ileocecal 
 valve. 
 
 Bauhinia (bo - hin' - e - ah) . A genus of 
 plants of the order Leguminosce. B. 
 variegata is a tree of India; the bark 
 is astringent and used as a tonic in fevers; 
 the buds are used in diarrhea and as a ver- 
 mifuge. 
 
 Baumann's Coefficient. The ratio existing 
 between the total sulfuric acid and the ether 
 sulfuric acids of the urine; it amounts 
 to 10%. B.'s Reaction for Dextrose, 
 to an aqueous solution of grape-sugar add 
 benzoyl chlorid and an excess -of sodi- 
 um hydroxid and shake until the odor of 
 benzoyl chlorid disappears. A precipitate 
 of benzoic-acid ester of dextrose will be 
 produced which is insoluble in water and 
 alkalis. 
 
 Baumann and Goldmann's Test for Cystin. 
 If a solution of cystin is shaken in caustic 
 soda with benzoyl chlorid, a voluminous 
 precipitate of benzoyl cystin will be produced. 
 The sodium salt occurs as silky plates, readily 
 soluble in water, but nearly insoluble in an 
 excess of caustic soda. 
 
 Baunscheidtism (bown' - shi- tizm) [named 
 from Baunscheidt, the inventor]. A mode 
 of treating rheumatism and chronic neu- 
 ralgias by counterirritation, the latter be- 
 ing produced by pricking the exterior of 
 the part affected with fine needles dipped 
 in oil of mustard, formic acid, or other irri- 
 tant. 
 
 Bavarian Dressing, B. Splint. A variety of 
 immovable dressing in which the plaster is 
 applied between two flannel cloths. 
 
 Bavarol (bav'-ar-ol). A proprietary brown, 
 aromatic liquid used in 5 % solution as a 
 disinfectant. 
 
 Bawchan, Bauchee. Names given in India 
 to the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, used as 
 a tonic and in skin diseases. Syn., Bauchan; 
 Bawchwan. 
 
 Bay, Lacrimal. The depression at the inner 
 canthus of the eye, holding the lacrimal canal- 
 iculi. B., Oil of. See Myrcia. B.-rum. 
 See Myrcia. B.-tree, the Laurus nobilis; 
 
 also Prunus laurocerasus, commonly called 
 the laurel or the cherry-laurel. 
 
 Bayard's Ecchymoses. Small capillary hem- 
 orrhages found in the pleura and pericardium 
 of infants who, as the result of asphyxia, 
 have made premature efforts at breathing 
 in the uterus. 
 
 Bayberry (ba'-ber-e) [ME., bay; bery]. 1. 
 The berry of Laurus nobilis, bay, or noble 
 laurel. 2. The wax-myrtle, Myrica ceri- 
 fera, and its fruit. 3. The pimenta, or 
 allspice. 
 
 Bayle's Disease. Progressive general paral- 
 ysis of the insane. B.'s Granulations, 
 miliary tubercles. 
 
 Bayonet-leg (ba'-on-et-leg). A backward dis- 
 placement of the leg-bones. 
 
 Bazin (ba'-zin). Synonym of Molluscum 
 contagiosum. 
 
 Bazin's Disease. 1. Psoriasis buccalis. 2. 
 Scrofulous ulcer of the leg. B.'s Erythema, 
 erythema induratum scrofulosorum, a form 
 most commonly seen in strumous individuals; 
 it attacks the calf, or the leg immediately be- 
 low, more frequently than the front of the 
 leg, occurring in diffuse, ill-defined patches or 
 in nodules, bright red at first and gradually 
 assuming a violet hue. The nodules may 
 be superficial or deep, a quarter of an inch 
 to an inch or more in diameter, and may be 
 slowly absorbed, and necrose or slough out, 
 leaving a very indolent ulcer. 
 
 Bdella (del' -ah) [jSdiUa, a leech]. 1. A leech. 
 2. A varicose vein. 
 
 Bdellepithecium (del-ep-e-the' -se-um) [bdella; 
 kncTcdhac, to put on]. A tube for applying 
 leeches. 
 
 Bdellium (deV-e-um) [Heb., b'dolakh]. A 
 resinous gum exuding from various species 
 of Balsamodendron. It resembles myrrh. 
 B., Indian, has been recommended as an 
 emmenagog. 
 
 Beads, Rachitic. "Rachitic rosary"; the 
 socalled "beading of the ribs" in rickets; 
 a succession of visible and palpable swellings 
 at the points where the ribs join their carti- 
 lages. 
 
 Beak (bek) [ME., beeke]. 1. The mandibular 
 portion of a forceps. 2. The lower end of 
 the calamus scriptorius. 3. The pad or 
 splenium of the corpus callosum. B., Cora- 
 coid, the beak of the coracoid process of 
 the scapula. B. of the Encephalon. See 
 Beak (3). B. of the Sphenoid Bone. See 
 Rostrum sphenoidale. 
 
 Beaker (be'-ker) [ME., biker]. A wide- 
 mouthed glass vessel used in chemic labora- 
 tories. B.-cell, the goblet-cell found in 
 mucous membranes. 
 
 Beale's Fiber. The fine spiral fiber surround- 
 ing the process of some of the sympathetic 
 ganglion-cells of the frog. 
 
 Bean (ben) [ME., bene]. The seeds of several 
 plants, mostly Leguminosce, especially that 
 of the common bean, Faba vulgaris. B., 
 Calabar. See Physostigma. B. of St. Ig- 
 natius. See Ignatia. 
 
BEARBERRY 
 
 167 
 
 BEEF 
 
 Bearberry. See Uva ursi. 
 
 Beard's Disease. Nervous exhaustion; neu- 
 rasthenia. 
 
 Beard- Valleix's Points. See Valleix's 
 Points douloureux. 
 
 Bear's-foot. Leafcup. A composite-flowered 
 plant, Polymnia uvedalia, of North America. 
 A popular remedy for enlargement of the 
 spleen or the "ague-cake" of malarious 
 regions. 
 
 Beat (bet) [ME., beten]. The pulsation of 
 the arteries or the impulse of the heart. B., 
 Apex-, the stroke of the heart-apex against 
 the chest-wall. B., Heart-, a pulsation of 
 the heart. B., Pulse-, an arterial pulsation 
 which can be felt. 
 
 Beatty-Bright's Friction-sound. The fric- 
 tion-sound produced by inflammation of the 
 pleura. 
 
 Beau's Disease [bo]. Asystole; cardiac insuffi- 
 ciency. B.'s Lines, the transverse rings 
 seen on the finger-nails after convalescence 
 from exhausting diseases. 
 
 Beaumes' Sign (bo '-ma). Retrosternal pain in 
 angina pectoris. 
 
 Beaumes-Colles' Law. See Colles' Law. 
 
 Beauperthuy's Method (bo'-per-thwe). A 
 method of treating leprosy by good hygiene, 
 bathing with olive oil, the internal adminis- 
 tration of mercury bichlorid, and abstinence 
 from salted meats. 
 
 Beauvais' (Landre) Disease (bo'-vd). 
 Chronic articular rheumatism. 
 
 Beberin (be'-ber-in). See Nectandra. B. 
 Hydrochlorate, C 19 H 21 NO s HCl, reddish- 
 brown scales, soluble in alcohol and water, 
 and used as an antipyretic and tonic. Dose 
 T V-i^ gr. (0.005-0.097 Gm.) 3 or 4 times 
 daily. B. Sulfate, (C 19 H 21 N0 3 ) 2 H 2 S0 4 , red- 
 dish-brown scales, soluble in water and 
 alcohol; uses and dose as in B. Hydro- 
 chlorate. 
 
 Beccaria's Sign (bek-kah'-re-ah). Painful 
 pulsating sensations in the occipital region 
 during pregnancy. 
 
 Bechic (bek'-ik) [$$, a cough]. Relieving 
 cough; a remedy against cough. 
 
 Bechterew's Disease (bek'-ter-u). Ankylosis of 
 the vertebral column, associated, as a rule, 
 with muscular atrophy and sensory symptoms. 
 B.'s Layer, the layer of fibers between 
 and parallel to the tangential fibers and Bail- 
 larger's layer in the cerebral cortex. B.'s 
 Nucleus, the nucleus of the vestibular por- 
 tion of the auditory nerve. B.'s Reaction, 
 the minimum strength of the electric current 
 necessary to provoke muscular contraction 
 requires a gradual diminution at every inter- 
 ruption of the current or change in density, 
 to prevent tetanic contraction which will 
 occur if the initial strength is maintained. It 
 is observed in tetany. B.'s Sign, anesthesia 
 of the popliteal space in tabes dorsalis. 
 B.'s Tract, the central tract of the teg- 
 mentum that passes betweerf the mesial 
 side of the superior olivary body and the 
 fillet. 
 
 Becker's Reaction for Picrotoxin. The 
 
 alkaloid reduces Fehling's solution upon the 
 application of gentle heat. B.'s Sign, spon- 
 taneous pulsation of the retinal arteries in 
 exophthalmic goiter. 
 
 Beclard's Hernia (bek'-lar). Hernia occurring 
 through the saphenous opening. B.'s Nu- 
 cleus, a vascular, bony nucleus, of lenticular 
 shape, appearing in the cartilage of the lower 
 epiphysis of the femur during the thirty- 
 seventh week of fetal life. 
 
 Becquerel's Disc, (bek'-er-el). See Disc, Bec- 
 querel's. B.'s Pills, pills containing quinin, 
 extract of digitalis, and colchicum seeds; 
 they are used in gout. B.'s Rays. See Rays, 
 Becquerel's. 
 
 Bed [AS., bedd]. The couch or support on 
 which the body may rest in sleep or in 
 sickness; usually a mattress of straw, hair, 
 or similar substance. B., Air-, a mattress 
 of rubber or leather that can be inflated with 
 air. B., Arnott's (Neil), a rubber mattress 
 filled with water, designed to prevent bed- 
 sores. B., Bandeloux's, an air-bed fur- 
 nished with a vessel for urine and surmounted 
 with a gauze-covered cradle. B., Fracture-, 
 an especial device for the use of a patient 
 confined with a fracture, composed of sections 
 forming a double or triple inclined plane with 
 an aperture to allow of the ejection of urine 
 and feces. B. -hoist, a device for lifting a 
 patient from bed. B.-pan, a large shallow 
 vessel for receiving the alvine discharges of 
 bedridden patients. B., Protection-, a bed 
 arranged for the confinement of maniacs in a 
 recumbent posture. B.-rest, an apparatus for 
 propping up patients in bed. B.-sore, a sore 
 produced on any part of the body by prolonged 
 pressure against the bed or by trophic changes 
 in paralyzed parts. B. -swing, an appli- 
 ance like a hammock for swinging a patient 
 clear of the bed. B., Water-, a rubber 
 mattress containing water; it is used to 
 prevent the formation of bed-sores. 
 
 Bedbug {bed' -bug). An apterous insect, Cimex 
 lectularius, that infests bedsteads, and at times 
 is parasitic upon the human body. 
 
 Bedlam {bed' -lam) [ME., bedlem, a corruption 
 of Bethlehem]. An insane asylum. 
 
 Bedlamism (bed' -lam-izm) [Bedlam]. In- 
 sanity. 
 
 Bedlamite (bed' -lam -It) [Bedlam]. A mad- 
 man; an insane person. 
 
 Bednar's Aphthae. See Aphtha, Bednar's^ 
 under Aphtha. 
 
 Bedridden (bed'-rid-n). Confined to bed; ap- 
 plied especially to those who seem perma- 
 nently so affected. 
 
 Beef (bef) [ME., befe]. The flesh of domestic 
 cattle. It consists of water, 73; fibrin, 15; 
 
 . gelatin, 4; albumin, 3; fat and other 
 substances, 5%. B. -extract, the soluble 
 fibrin of lean meat partly desiccated. 
 B. -measles. See Cysticercus bovis. B.-tea, 
 the soluble extractive matter of beef, made 
 by steeping finely cut lean beef in its 
 weight of water and straining. 
 
BEELEY'S SQUARE 
 
 168 
 
 BELLITE 
 
 Beeley's Square and Plumb-line. An in- 
 strument to measure degrees of deformity. 
 
 Beer (ber). See Malt Liquors. 
 
 Beer's Cataract Knife (bar). A knife with a 
 triangular-shaped blade, for making section 
 of the cornea in the removal of the crystal- 
 line lens. 
 
 Beeswax (bez'-waks). Cera flava (U. S. P.), wax 
 secreted by bees, of which their cells are 
 constructed. It is used in making candles, 
 ointments, and pomades. 
 
 Beet (bet). The genus Beta, especially B. vul- 
 garis, the common beet. 
 
 Begbie's Disease, i. Exophthalmic goiter. 
 2. Localized rhythmic chorea. 
 
 Beggiatoa (bej-e-at-o'-ah) [after the Italian 
 botanist, J. Beggiato]. A genus of bacteria 
 described by Trevisan, consisting of swinging 
 or gliding, milk-white, gray, rosy, or violet 
 threads. They decompose sulfur compounds 
 and store up sulfur granules in their proto- 
 plasm. They are found in stagnant, fresh, 
 or salt water, particularly in that contaminated 
 with sewage or factory-waste. See under 
 Bacteria. 
 
 Behier-Hardy's Symptom (ba f -he-a). Apho- 
 nia, an early symptom in pulmonary gangrene. 
 
 Behring's Law (ba'-ring). The blood and 
 blood-serum of an individual who has been 
 artificially rendered immune against a cer- 
 tain infectious disease may be transferred 
 to another individual with the effect of 
 rendering the other also immune. B.'s 
 Serum, serum containing diphtheria-anti- 
 toxin. 
 
 Beigel's Disease (bi'-gel). Trichorrhexis no- 
 dosa. 
 
 Beissenhirtz's Reaction for Anilin. On 
 the addition of a grain of potassium di- 
 chromate to a solution of anilin in concen- 
 trated sulfuric acid the solution becomes first 
 red, then blue, the color gradually disap- 
 pearing. 
 
 Bel, Bela (be'-lah) [Hind.]. The dried, half -ripe 
 fruit of Aigle marmelos, or Bengal quince. 
 It is recommended as a remedy for chronic 
 diarrhea and dysentery. The ripe fruit is 
 slightly laxative. Dose J-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). 
 B., Liquid Extract of (extr actum belce liqui- 
 dum, B. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Belching (belch'-ing) [ME., belchen]. The ex- 
 pulsion of gas from the stomach through the 
 mouth; eructation. 
 
 Belemnoid (bel-em' -noid) [ftehfivov, a dart; 
 eldoc, form]. 1. Dart-shaped; styloid. 2. 
 The styloid process of the ulna or of the 
 temporal bone. 
 
 Bell (bel) [ME., bel]. A hollow, metallic, 
 sounding instrument. B.-gastrula. See 
 Archigastrula. B. -metal, an alloy of cop- 
 per, zinc, tin, and antimony. B. Sound, B. 
 Tympany, the sound produced in pneumo- 
 thorax by striking a coin, placed flat upon the 
 chest, with another coin. It can be heard 
 through the stethoscope placed over the 
 affected side. 
 Bell's Aneurysm. See Aneurysm, Bell's. 
 
 B.'s Disease. 1. See Bell's Mania. 2. 
 See Bell's Paralysis. B.'s Law, the ante- 
 rior spinal nerve-roots are motor; the poste- 
 rior, sensory. B.'s Mania, acute delirium; 
 acute periencephalitis. B.'s Muscle. See 
 under Muscle. B.'s Nerves, the external 
 and internal respiratory nerves— i. e., the pos- 
 terior thoracic and phrenic nerves. B.'s Palsy, 
 B.'s Paralysis, peripheral paralysis of the 
 facial nerve. B.'s Phenomenon, upward 
 and outward rolling of the eyeball when an 
 attempt is made to close the eye of the affected 
 side in peripheral facial paralysis. B.'s Res- 
 piratory Nerve, the long thoracic nerve. 
 B.'s Spasm, convulsive facial tic. 
 Belladonna (bel-ah-don' -ah) [It., bella donna, 
 beautiful lady]. Deadly nightshade. A 
 perennial plant of the order Solanacece, indi- 
 genous to southern Europe and Asia, and 
 cultivated in the United States. Its proper- 
 ties are due to the alkaloids a tropin and bel- 
 ladonnin, the latter thought to be identical 
 with hyoscyamin. Both leaves and root are 
 employed. It is used as an antispasmodic, 
 as a cardiac and respiratory stimulant, and 
 to check secretions, as those of the sweat and 
 milk. B. Leaves (belladonnce folia, U. S. P.), 
 the dried leaves of Atropa belladonna. B. 
 Leaves, Extract of (extractum belladonnce 
 foliorum, U. S. P.). Dose \ gr. (0.01 Gm.). 
 B. Leaves, Tincture of (tinctura belladonnce 
 foliorum, U. S. P.), 15 %. Dose 1-30 min. 
 (0.06-2.0 Cc). B. Liniment (linimentum 
 belladonna, U. S. P.), made of camphor, 5; 
 fluidextract of belladonna root, 95. B. Oint- 
 ment (unguentum belladonnce, U. S. P.), con- 
 tains extract of belladonna leaves, 10; diluted 
 alcohol, 6; benzoinated lard, 65; hydrous 
 wool -fat, 20. B. Plaster (emplastrum bella- 
 donnce, U. S. P.), made of adhesive plaster and 
 extract of belladonna leaves. B. Root (bella- 
 donnce radix, U. S. P.), the dried root of Atropa 
 belladonna. B. Root, Fluidextract of (fluid- 
 extr actum belladonnce radicis, U. S. P.). Dose 
 1-5 min. (0.065-0.3 Cc). 
 Belladonnin (bel-ah-don' -in) [see Belladonna], 
 C 17 H 23 N0 3 . An alkaloid found in bel- 
 ladonna. It resembles atropin, hyoscy- 
 amin, and hyoscin. It occurs with atropin, 
 and is likewise decomposed into tropic acid 
 and oxytropin, C 8 H 15 N0 2 . See Belladonna. 
 Bell-Bernhardt's Phenomenon. See Bell's 
 
 Phenomenon. 
 Bellini's Duct (bel-e'-ne). One of the excretory 
 ducts of the kidney. B.'s Ligament, a liga- 
 mentous band extending from the capsule of 
 the hip-joint to the greater trochanter of the 
 femur. B.'s Tubes, the straight uriniferous 
 tubules. 
 Bellite (bel'-lt) [bellum, war]. An explosive 
 employed both in war and in blasting. A 
 principal element in its manufacture is nitro- 
 benzol. The most prominent symptoms 
 induced by its inhalation and absorption 
 are headache, mental confusion, dyspnea, 
 pallor, blueness of the lips, general lividity, 
 coma, insensibility. 
 
 ^w 
 
BELL-MAGENDIE'S LAW 
 
 169 
 
 BENZENE 
 
 JBell-Magendie's Law. See Bell's Law. 
 Bellocq's Cannula (bel'-oks). An instrument 
 used in plugging the nares. 
 
 Application of Bellocq's Can- 
 nula. — (Gould and Pyle's Cy- 
 clopedia.) 
 
 Bellonia (bel-o'-ne-ah) [Peter Belon (1499-1564), 
 a French naturalist]. A genus of plants of the 
 order Gesneracece. B. aspera is a shrub of the 
 West Indies; the bark is used in intermittent 
 fever and in dysentery. 
 
 Bellows ibel'-oz) [ME., belowes]. An instru- 
 ment for propelling air through a tube or 
 small orifice. B., Richardson's, a double 
 balloon with a connecting tube employed 
 for the injection of vapors into the middle ear. 
 
 Belly (bel'-e) [ME., bely]. 1. See Abdomen. 
 2. Any belly -like enlargement of a part. B.- 
 bound, a vulgar term for constipated. B.- 
 button, the navel. 
 
 Bellyache {bel-e-ak'). See Colic. 
 
 Belonospasis (bel-on-os' -pa-sis) [^eXovq, a 
 point; aizaoic, a drawing]. Irritation by 
 means of needles or metallic tractors. 
 
 Ben, Oil of, Benne Oil (ben, ben'-e). Oleum 
 balatinum; it is obtained by expression from 
 the seeds of the several species of Moringa. 
 It is a colorless, odorless oil, not readily turn- 
 ing rancid. It is used for extracting odors and 
 for lubricating clocks and light machinery. 
 
 Benario's Method (ben-ar'-e-o) . For the fixation 
 of blood-films. It consists in the use of a 1 % 
 alcoholic solution of formalin for one minute. 
 
 Bence-Jones' Bodies. Peculiar bodies, con- 
 sisting of albumose, found in the urine in 
 certain affections of the bone-marrow, espe- 
 cially neoplasms. B.-J.'s Cylinders. See 
 Cylinders, Bence-Jo nes' . 
 
 Bends (bendz) [ME., bend]. A term used by 
 miners and caisson-laborers for a condition 
 produced by too sudden reduction of the 
 high air-pressure; it is indicated by swellings 
 or small bubbles under the skin. 
 
 Benedict's Test for HC1 in the Stomach. 
 This consists in auscultation over the stomach 
 after the patient has swallowed a small quan- 
 tity of saturated solution of sodium bicarbo- 
 nate. Normal hydrochloric acidity is indi- 
 cated by a fine crepitation, superacidity by an 
 
 earlier and louder sound, and in anacidity the 
 crepitation is absent. 
 
 Benedikt's Syndrome. Paralysis of the 
 motor oculi of one side and tremor of the arm 
 of the opposite side; attributed by Charcot 
 to a lesion in the ventrointernal part of the 
 crura cerebri. 
 
 Bengalin (ben'-gawl-in) [Hind., Bengal]. A 
 blue pigment derived from the benzene colors: 
 
 Benign, Benignant (be-nln', be-nig' -nant) 
 [benignus, kind]. Not endangering health 
 or life; applied to certain tumors. 
 
 Benincasa (ben-in-ka' '-zah) [Benincasa, an 
 Italian nobleman]. A genus of plants of 
 the order Cucurbitacece. B. cerifera is a 
 perennial species of the East Indies, with 
 large, greenish fruit, the seeds of which are 
 used in dysuria and colic, the rind in tubercu- 
 losis, asthma, and chills, and the plant in 
 fevers, vertigo, etc. 
 
 Bennett's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, Ben- 
 nett's. B.'s Fracture, a longitudinal fracture 
 of the first metacarpal bone, extending into the 
 carpometacarpal joint and complicated by 
 subluxation. 
 
 Benzacetin (ben-zas' -et-in) , C 6 H 3 (OC 2 H 5 ) - 
 (NH . CH 3 CO)COOH. Colorless crystals, 
 soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water; 
 melt at 205 C. It is used in neuralgia. 
 Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-0.07 Gm.). Syn., 
 A cetamidomethyl-salicylic acid. 
 
 Benzaconin (ben-zak' -on-in) . An alkaloid 
 from aconite with action similar to aconitin, 
 except that it lacks its antipyretic power and 
 has little effect on the sensory nerves, while 
 it depresses the motor group and also the 
 muscle -fibers. 
 
 Benzaldehyd (ben-zaV -de-hid) [benzoin; alde- 
 hyd], C 7 H e O, benzaldehydum (U.S. P.). Bit- 
 ter-almond oil; a compound that results from 
 the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. 
 
 Benzamid (ben'-zam-id) [benzoin; amid], C 7 H 7 - 
 NO. A compound resulting from the action 
 of benzoyl chlorid upon alcoholic ammonia. 
 
 Benzamif (ben' -zam-il), 0,^A x ^O 2 . A distil- 
 lation-product of oil of bitter almonds. 
 
 Benzanalgen (ben-zan-al'-jen), C 9 H 6 OC 2 H 5 . - 
 HNCO e CH 5 N. A derivative of chinolin. It 
 is antiseptic, antipyretic, and antineuralgic, 
 and has the power of dissolving uric acid. It 
 is used in rheumatism, tabes dorsalis, and 
 chronic gout. Dose 7^—45 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.). 
 
 Benzanilid iben-zan' -il-id) [benzoin; anilin], 
 Ci 3 H u NO. Benzoyl anilid, prepared by the 
 action of benzoyl chlorid on anilin. It is used 
 as an antipyretic in children in doses of 
 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). Unof. 
 
 BenzsiUT'm (ben-zaw'-rin), C 19 H 1B 3 . Red crystals 
 melting at ioo° C. Syn., Phenyldiphenolcar- 
 binol. B. Anhydrid, a colorless substance dis- 
 solving in alkaline solutions with a violet color. 
 
 Benzene iben'-zen), C 6 H 6 . A hydrocarbon con- 
 tained in coal-tar. It is formed by the dry 
 distillation of all benzene acids. It is a 
 mobile, ethereal-smelling liquid, of specific 
 gravity 0.899 at °°- I* solidifies at about 
 o°, melts at + 6°, boils at 580 , and 
 
BENZENYL 
 
 170 
 
 BENZONITRIL 
 
 burns with a luminous flame. It readily 
 dissolves resins, fats, sulfur, iodin, and phos- 
 phorus. Anilin and the anilin colors are de- 
 rived from it. Syn., Benzol; Phene; Phenyl 
 hydrid. B. -sulfonic Acid, C 6 H 5 . S0 3 H, 
 is prepared by boiling together equal parts 
 of benzene and H 2 S0 4 . It occurs in small 
 plates, readily soluble in alcohol and water, 
 and which deliquesce in the air. 
 
 Benzenyl (ben'-zen-il). See Phenyl. B.-amido- 
 thiophenol, C 13 H 9 NS, acicular crystals with 
 fragrance of roses, obtained from amido- 
 phenylmercaptan by benzoic aldehyd and 
 heat; it is soluble in alcohol, ether, carbon 
 disulfid, and dilute hydrochloric acid. Syn., 
 Benzenylamidophenylmercaptan. 
 
 Benzhydrol (benz-hi'-drol), C 6 H S — CH(OH) — 
 C 6 H 5 . An alcohol occurring as silky, acicular 
 crystals, slightly soluble in water, obtained 
 from an alcoholic solution of benzophenone 
 by action of sodium amalgam. Syn., Diphenyl- 
 carbinol. B. Acetate, a thick liquid ob- 
 tained by heating benzhydrol with acetic acid. 
 
 Benzil (benz'-il), C 14 H 10 O 2 . A compound pro- 
 duced by the action of nitric acid on benzoin. 
 
 Benzilimid (ben-zil'-im-id), C^tL^N^O,,. White 
 silky needles obtained from an alcoholic solu- 
 tion of benzil by action of dry ammoniacal gas. 
 
 Benzimid {ben' -zim-id) [benzoyl; amid], 
 C 23 H, 8 N 2 2 . A compound formed by the 
 action of hydrocyanic acid on benzoyl hydrate. 
 It occurs also in the resinous residue of the 
 rectification of the oil of bitter almonds. 
 
 Benzin, Benzinum (ben'-zin, -zi'-num). Petro- 
 leum ether. The benzinum of the U.S. P. is a 
 purified distillate from American petroleum, 
 having a specific gravity of 0.77 to 0.79, 
 boiling at 8o° to 90 C, colorless, of ethereal 
 odor, and a slightly peppermint-like taste. It 
 is a valuable solvent for oils, fats, resins, 
 caoutchouc, and some alkaloids. It has been 
 used against tape-worm. It should be dis- 
 tinguished from benzene. Dose 5-10 min. 
 (0.33-0.66 Cc.) on sugar or in mucilage. 
 B., Coal-tar, benzin obtained as a by-pro- 
 duct in preparing benzene and toluene from 
 coal-tar oil by action of acids and alkalis. 
 It differs chemically and physically from 
 petroleum benzin, and is used as a cleansing 
 fluid and as a solvent for resin, caoutchouc, etc. 
 
 Benzinin (ben' '-zin-in) . A toxin extracted by 
 Auclair from tubercle bacilli. Syn., Benzi- 
 nobacillin. 
 
 Benzinobacillin (ben-zin-o-bas'-il-in). See 
 Benzinin. 
 
 Benzite (ben'-zit). A solution of sulfur in two 
 or three parts of hot coal-tar. 
 
 Benzoate (ben'-zo-dt) [benzoin]. Any salt of ben- 
 zoic acid. B.,Naphthol. SeeBenzonaphthol. 
 
 Benzoated (ben'-zo-a-ted) [benzoin]. Im- 
 pregnated with benzoin or with benzoic acid. 
 
 Benzodiureid (ben-zo-di-u' -re-id), C 9 H 12 N 4 2 . 
 Tiny needles obtained from benzoic aldehyd 
 by action of urea. 
 
 Benzoglycollate (ben-zo-gli'-kol-at). A salt of 
 benzoglycollic acid. 
 
 Benzohelicin {ben-zo-heV '-is-in), C 20 H 20 O 8 . A 
 
 combination . of benzoyl and helicin. Syn., 
 Benzoyl helicin. 
 
 Benzoic (ben-zo f -ik) [benzoin]. Pertaining to or 
 derived from benzoin. B. Acid. See Acid, 
 Benzoic. 
 
 Benzoin (ben'-zoin or -zo-in) [origin obscure]. 
 i.Benzoinum (U.S. P.), a resin obtained from 
 Styrax benzoin, a tree native to Sumatra and 
 Siam. It is a ketone alcohol, C 14 H 12 2 , and 
 may be produced by oxidizing hydrobenzoin 
 with concentrated HN0 3 . It is sparingly 
 soluble in water, cold alcohol, and ether, and 
 crystallizes in shining prisms, melting at 134 
 C. It yields benzoic and cinnamic acids, is 
 antiseptic and disinfectant, and is used mainly 
 as a stimulant expectorant in chronic bron- 
 chitis. 2. C 14 H 12 2 , a reaction-product of an 
 alcoholic solution of potassium cyanid on 
 benzoic aldehyd, forming yellowish, fragrant 
 prisms, soluble in hot alcohol, melting at 
 i35°-i37° C. It is used as an external 
 antiseptic, 1 part in 5 of lard. Syn., Bitter- 
 almond oil camphor; Phenylbenzoyl carbinol. 
 B., Flowers of, benzoic acid obtained by 
 the sublimation of benzoin. B., Tincture of 
 (tinctura benzoini, U. S.P.), 20 % of the resin 
 in alcohol. Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). B., Tinc- 
 ture of, Compound {tinctura benzoini compos- 
 ita, U. S. P.), friars' balsam; Turlington's bal- 
 sam; it consists of benzoin, 12; aloes, 2; sto- 
 rax, 8; balsam of tolu, 4; alcohol, sufficient 
 to make 100 parts. Dose §-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Benzoinam (ben-zo' -in-am), C^H^NgO. A 
 crystalline powder derived from benzoin by 
 action of alcoholic solution of ammonia with 
 heat. 
 
 Benzoinated (ben-zo' -in-a-ted) . Combined or 
 prepared with benzoin. 
 
 Benzoinol (ben-zo' -in-ol). An oily liquid, 
 said to consist of albolene with gum benzoin 
 in solution; it is used as an excipient for 
 menthol, camphor, etc., in diseases of the 
 nose and throat. 
 
 Benzoiodohydrin (ben -zo-i-o -do-hV -drin), 
 (C 3 H 5 )C1I(C 7 H 5 2 ). A brownish-yellow, oily 
 mass, soluble in alcohol, ether, and petroleum 
 ether, insoluble in glycerol. It decomposes 
 at ioo° C, iodin being liberated. It is a 
 succedaneum for potassium iodid, and is given 
 in the same doses. Syn., Chloroiodo-benzoic- 
 glycerinester; Glycerylchloriodobenzoate. 
 
 Benzol, Benzole, Benzoleum (ben'-zol, ben'- 
 zol, ben-zol-e'-um). See Benzene. 
 
 Benzolguaiacol (ben-zol-gwi'-ak-ol). See Ben- 
 zosol. 
 
 Benzolism (ben'-zol-izm). Benzol-poisoning, 
 from inhaling the vapor or swallowing it. 
 It is marked in light cases by dizziness, loss 
 of consciousness, and anesthesia; in severer 
 cases by hallucination, epileptic paroxysms, 
 and coma. 
 
 Benzonaphthol (ben-zo-naf -thol) [benzoin; 
 naphthol], C 10 H 7 O(C 7 H 5 O). The benzoate of 
 betanaphthol, used as an intestinal antiseptic 
 in typhoid fever and other intestinal diseases. 
 Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.). 
 
 Benzonitril (ben-zo-ni'-tril) [benzoin; nitrutn, 
 
BENZOPHENID 
 
 171 ' BERGERON-HENOCH'S CHOREA 
 
 niter], C 7 H 5 N. An oil obtained from benzene- 
 sulfonic acid by distillation with potassium 
 cyanid. It has an odor resembling that of 
 oil of bitter almonds, and boils at 19 1° C; 
 its specific gravity is 1.023 at o° C. 
 
 Benzophenid (ben-zo-fen'-id). Phenyl benzoate. 
 
 ISenzoj)yi'm(ben-zo-pi' -rin) . Antipyrin benzoate. 
 
 Benzosol {ben' - zo-sol) [benzoin], C 14 H 12 3 . 
 The benzoate of guaiacol; it contains 54 % 
 of guaiacol. Its chief uses are as an intesti- 
 nal antiseptic and in pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 Dose 3-12 gr. (0.2-0.8 Gm.). 
 
 Benzosulfate (ben-zo-sul'-fdt). A salt of benzo- 
 sulfuric acid. 
 
 Benzosulfinid (ben-zo-suV -fin-id). Benzosul- 
 phinidum (U. S. P.); saccharin. 
 
 Benzotrichlorid (ben-zo-tri-klo'-rid), C 7 H 5 C1 3 . 
 A colorless, transparent, highly refractive 
 liquid, with penetrating odor, obtained from 
 boiling toluene by action of chlorin; sp. gr. 
 1.38 at 14 C; boils at 2i3°-2i4° C. Syn., 
 Benzenyl trichlorid. 
 
 Benzoyl (ben'-zo-il) [benzoin], C 7 H s O. The 
 radicle of benzoic acid, of oil of bitter almonds, 
 and of an extensive series of compounds 
 derived from this oil, or connected with it 
 by certain relations. B.-acetylperoxid, 
 C 9 H 8 4 , an oxidized product of the mixed 
 anhydrid of acetic and benzoic acids, a 
 crystalline body, slightly soluble in water and 
 very unstable. To prevent explosion by 
 sudden heating or grinding it is diluted with 
 an equal quantity of inert absorbent powder 
 and called acetozone. It is used as an intestinal 
 antiseptic. Dose 4-5 gr. (0.26-0.32 Gm.) 3 
 times daily. Syn., Acetyl-benzoyl peroxid. 
 B. Chlorid, C 7 H 5 OCl, a transparent, color- 
 less, pungent oil with a specific gravity of 
 1. 2 1 at 1 9 C; it is soluble in ether and 
 carbon disulfate; boils at i94°-i95° C. 
 When acted on by alcoholic ammonia it gives 
 dibenzylamin. It is used as a reagent in 
 organic analysis and synthesis. Syn., Chloro- 
 benzoyl chlorid. B.-ecgonin, C 16 H 18 N0 4 H, 
 a substance intermediate in composition 
 between cocain and ecgonin. B.-eugenol, 
 C 17 H 16 3 , a substance forming large, trans- 
 parent, colorless prisms or small white crys- 
 tals, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and 
 acetone; melts at 69°-7o.5° C. It is used 
 in tuberculosis. Dose 7^—15 gr. (0.5-1.0 
 Gm.). B.-glycocin, B.-glycocoll, hippuric 
 acid. B. -guaiacol. See Benzosol. B. 
 Hydrate, benzoic acid; also improperly 
 applied to benzoic aldehyd. B. Peroxid, a 
 bactericide and disinfectant substance. B.- 
 phenylhydrazin, Ci 3 H 12 N 2 0, an antiseptic. 
 B.-tropein, C 6 H 14 (C 6 H 5 CO)NO, silky, acicu- 
 lar needles; it is a local anesthetic. 
 
 Benzyl (ben'-zil) [benzoin], C 7 H 7 . A univalent 
 hydrocarbon radicle that does not exist in 
 the free state, but in combination forms a 
 considerable number of compounds. B. 
 Alcohol. See Alcohol, Benzyl. 
 
 Benzylidene (ben-zil' -id-en) [benzoin], C 7 H 6 . 
 A bivalent hydrocarbon radicle derived from 
 benzoin compounds. 
 
 Berard's Aneurysm (ba'-rar). A vari- 
 cose aneurysm having its sac in the 
 tissue immediately surrounding the vein. 
 
 Beraud's Ligament (ba'-ro). The suspensory 
 ligament of the pericardium that is attached to 
 the third and fourth dorsal vertebras. B.'s 
 Valve, a fold of mucous membrane found 
 occasionally in the lacrimal sac, which it 
 separates from the nasal duct. 
 
 Berberin (ber'-ber-in) [berberis], C^H^NC^. 
 An alkaloid found in the bark of Berberis 
 and in many other plants. It is recommended 
 as a tonic and antiperiodic, and is an ingre- 
 dient of various lotions for mucous mem- 
 branes; it is useful in nasal catarrh, etc. 
 Dose 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.). B. Car- 
 bonate, Q^H^NOj!, crystalline powder, sol- 
 uble in hot water; it is antiperiodic, stom- 
 achic, and tonic. Dose, antiperiodic, 8-15 gr. 
 (0.52-1.0 Gm.); stomachic and tonic, J-i gr. 
 (0.032-0.065 Gm.) 3 times daily. B. Hydro- 
 chlorid, is used locally in gonorrhea. 
 
 Berberis (ber'-ber-is) [L.J. Barberry. The 
 berberis of the U. S. P. is the root of Ber- 
 beris aquifolium and other species. Its prop- 
 erties are due to an alkaloid, berberin,C 20 H 17 - 
 N0 4 . It is an astringent, bitter tonic; in 
 large doses, a cathartic. It has been used 
 locally in conjunctivitis, and internally in 
 malarial and typhoid fevers. B., Fluid- 
 extract of (fluidextractum berberidis ,V . S. P.). 
 Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). B., Tincture 
 of. Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). 
 
 Bergamot, Oil of (bur' -gam-ot) [Bergamo, 
 a town in Italy], C 10 H 16 . A volatile oil de- 
 rived from the rind of the Citrus bergamia. 
 It is used mainly as a perfume and as a 
 clearing-agent in histologic work. 
 
 Bergaptene {bur -gap' -ten), C 12 H 8 4 . A solid, 
 greasy compound obtained from bergamot 
 oil, being the lactone of burgaptenic acid. 
 It melts at 188 C. Syn., Bergamilene; Ber- 
 gamot camphor. 
 
 Bergenin (bur' -jen-in) [Bergenia, a genus of 
 plants], C 6 H 3 3 H 2 0. A bitter, crystalline 
 substance, obtained from various species 
 of saxifrage, melting at 140 C. It is said 
 to be a nerve tonic, with action intermedi- 
 ate between that of salicylic acid and of 
 quinin. 
 
 Berger's Paresthesia (bar'-ja). Paresthesia 
 in youthful subjects, of one or both lower 
 extremities, without objective symptoms, 
 accompanied by weakness. B.'s Sign, an 
 elliptic or irregular fehape of the pupil some- 
 times seen in the early stage of tabes and 
 paralytic dementia and in paralysis of the 
 third cranial nerve. 
 
 Bergeron's Disease (bar'-ja-ron). An affection 
 characterized by abrupt, lightning-like, mus- 
 cular contractions, independent of the will 
 and limited ordinarily to the head and arms, 
 involving at times the two extremities of 
 one side. Like Dubini's disease, it is also 
 known as "electric chorea." 
 
 Bergeron-Henoch's Chorea. See Ber- 
 geron's Disease. 
 
BERGMANN'S FIBERS 
 
 172 
 
 BETEL 
 
 Bergmann's Fibers, B.-Deiters' Fibers 
 
 (barg'-mon). The processes of certain super- 
 ficial neuroglia cells of the cerebellum which 
 radiate toward the surface and are connected 
 with the pia. 
 
 Beriberi (ber'-e-ber-e) [Singhalese, beri, weak- 
 ness]. An infectious disease, endemic in 
 various countries of Asia (Ceylon, India, 
 China, Japan), Africa, and Australia, and 
 presenting the features of a multiple neuritis. 
 Bad food and defective hygienic conditions 
 are predisposing causes; the true etiologic 
 factor is probably a microorganism. Various 
 types of the disease have been described, 
 particularly an anasarcous form and an atro- 
 phic form. The main symptoms are anesthe- 
 sia, paralysis, wasting of the muscles, edema, 
 changes in the electric reactions, dyspnea, 
 and palpitation. The mortality is variable; 
 often it is very great. True beriberi has 
 been met in the seaport towns of the United 
 States, introduced there by East Indian 
 sailors, and an affection resembling it seems 
 to occur among certain fishermen of New 
 England. Syn., Kakke; Myelopathia tro- 
 pica; Panneuritis epidemica. B., Drop- 
 sical. See Uncinariasis. B., Pseudo-, 
 Gibbs' name for a disease endemic in the 
 Singapore Lunatic Asylum, prevailing during 
 the wet season and attacking Asiatics only. 
 It is not contagious, and is marked by slight 
 anemia, considerable soft anasarca, and a 
 tendency to sudden death from shock. The 
 softness, of the edema, the lack of spastic and 
 paralytic conditions, and the rapidity of 
 recovery distinguish it from beriberi. The 
 period of incubation is apparently from one to 
 two days. B., Web, that marked by anemia 
 and dropsy without paralysis. 
 
 Berlin's Disease. Traumatic edema of the 
 retina. Syn., "Berlin 'sche Triibung"; Com- 
 motio retina. 
 
 Bernard's Canal. The supplementary duct 
 of the pancreas. B.'s Center, the "diabetic 
 center" in the floor of the fourth ventricle. 
 B.'s Granular Layer, the deep layer of 
 cells lining the acini of the pancreas. It is 
 granular in appearance and stains but slightly 
 with carmin. B.'s Puncture, the puncture 
 of a definite spot in the floor of the fourth 
 cerebral ventricle for the production of arti- 
 ficial diabetes. 
 
 Bernhardt's Paresthesia {bum' -hart). Abnor- 
 mal sensations, especially of numbness, with 
 hypesthesia and pain on exertion, in the region 
 supplied by the external cutaneous nerve of 
 the thigh. 
 
 Bernhardt-Roth's Symptom-complex. See 
 Bernhardt' s Paresthesia. 
 
 Bernheimer's Fibers {burn' -hl-mer) . A tract of 
 nerve-fibers extending from the optic tract to 
 Luys' body. 
 
 Berry (ber'-e) [ME., bery). An indehiscent 
 fruit with a pericarp that is succulent through- 
 out, as the grape and gooseberry. 
 
 Berthelot's Test for Phenol (bur'-thel-o). An 
 ammoniacal solution of phenol treated with 
 
 sodium hypochlorite produces a beautiful 
 blue coloration. 
 
 Berthollet's Law (bur'-thol-o). When two salts 
 in solution can, by double decomposition, pro- 
 duce a salt less soluble than either, this salt 
 will be produced. 
 
 Bertillonage (ber - til - Ion - a(h)j) [Bertillon, a 
 French criminologist]. A system of care- 
 fully recorded measurements and descriptions 
 of criminals, for the purpose of future iden- 
 tification, introduced into France by Bertil- 
 lon and adopted by the police of many large 
 cities of the United States. 
 
 Bertin, Bones of. The sphenoid turbinated 
 bones, partly closing the sphenoid sinuses. 
 B., Column of, a cortical column of the 
 kidney; the part separating the medullary 
 pyramids. B., Ligament of, the iliofemoral 
 ligament. 
 
 Beryllium (ber-il'-e-um) [prjpuMoc, beryl]. 
 A bivalent metal obtained from the beryl, 
 whence its name. Syn., Glucinum. See 
 Elements, Table of Chemic. 
 
 Berzelius' Test for Albumin. All albumin- 
 ous substances (except peptone) are precipi- 
 tated from their aqueous solutions by meta- 
 phosphoric acid in freshly prepared con- 
 centrated solution. 
 
 Besnier's Rheumatism. Simple chronic 
 articular rheumatism; chronic arthrosynovitis. 
 
 Bestiality (bes-te-aV -it-e) [bestia, a beast]. 
 Unnatural intercourse with an animal. 
 
 Bestucheff's Mixture, B.'s Tincture. The 
 ethereal tincture of iron chlorid, used in 
 erysipelas. It is made as follows: Tincture 
 of iron chlorid, i part; spirit of nitrous 
 ether, 4 parts. Mix and expose to the rays 
 of the sun in well-closed bottles until the 
 brownish color disappears. The dose is from 
 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls every 3 hours. 
 
 Beta (ba'-tah) [L.]. 1. The beet. 2. The 
 second letter of the Greek alphabet, used in 
 chemic nomenclature to indicate the second 
 of two isomeric compounds. 
 
 Betanaphthol {ba-tah-naf -thoT) . See Naph- 
 thol. B. Bismuth, a preparation containing 
 80% of bismuth oxid and 20% of betanaph- 
 thol. It is a brown powder, insoluble in 
 water, and decomposed into its component 
 parts in the intestine, the betanaphthol being 
 absorbed and discharged with the urine, while 
 the bismuth is evacuated with the stools. It 
 is an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15-4S gr. 
 (1-3 Gm.). B. Carbonate, CO(OC 10 H 7 ) ? , 
 a dinaphthyl ester of carbonic acid obtained by 
 the action of phosgene on betanaphthol sodi- 
 um. It is used as an intestinal antiseptic. B. 
 Lactate, lactol. 
 
 Betel (be'-tel) [E. Ind.]. A masticatory used 
 in the East. A few grains of the nut of the 
 Catechu palm, Areca catechu, are rolled up 
 with a small amount of quicklime in a leaf 
 of Piper betel, and chewed. It is tonic, 
 astringent, stimulant, and aphrodisiac, and 
 seems to increase the powers of endurance. 
 Dose of fluidextract 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). 
 Unof. 
 
BETOL 
 
 173 
 
 BICIPITAL 
 
 Betol (be'-tol), C n H 7 . C ? H 5 2 . A salicylic 
 ether of naphthol, used in rheumatism and 
 cystitis. It resembles salicylic acid in its 
 properties. Dose 10-15 g r - (0.65-1.0 Gm.). 
 Syn., Naphthalol; Salinaphthol. 
 
 Bettendorf's Test for Arsenic. On heating 
 a solution of stannous chlorid in concentrated 
 hydrochloric acid, specific gravity 1.19, with 
 a solution of arsenic or arsenous acids in strong 
 hydrochloric acid, a brownish turbidity or pre- 
 cipitate of metallic arsenic and tin is yielded. 
 
 Betula (bet'-u-lah). See Birch. 
 
 Betulase (bet'-u-ldz) [betula, the birch]. See 
 Gaultherase. 
 
 Betulin (be?-u-lin) [betula, birch], C^H^C^. 
 Birch-resin, or birch-camphor, derived from 
 the bark of the white birch. 
 
 Betulol (bet'-u-lol). An application for the 
 treatment of rheumatism, said to be more 
 quickly absorbed than oil of wintergreen. 
 Syn., Methyl-oleosalicylate. 
 
 Betz's Giant-cells. Large ganglion-cells 
 found in the deeper layers of the cortex, 
 especially in the ascending frontal convolution 
 and the paracentral lobule. They are usually 
 arranged in small groups of from three to 
 five that are known as Betz's nests. 
 
 Bezoar (be'-zo-ar) [Pers., pddzahr, the bezoar- 
 stone, a supposed antidote against poison]. 
 A concretion found in the stomach or intes- 
 tine of some animals (especially ruminants), 
 formerly believed to be efficacious in prevent- 
 ing the fatal effects of poison. B., Oriental, 
 a hard, round concretion obtained from the 
 intestine of the gazelle and other ruminants. 
 It consists of concentric layers of resinous 
 matter which burn with an agreeable odor; 
 it is valued in the East for supposed medi- 
 cinal properties. 
 
 Bezold's Mastoiditis. See Mastoiditis, Bezold's. 
 B.'s Symptom, the appearance of an in- 
 flammatory swelling a short distance below 
 the apex of the mastoid process is evidence 
 of mastoid suppuration. See Mastoiditis, 
 Bezold's. B.'s Ganglion, a ganglion in the 
 interauricular septum of the frog's heart. 
 
 Bhang (baiig). See Cannabis indica. 
 
 Bhel {bet). See Bel. 
 
 Bi-. A prefix meaning two, twice, double. 
 
 Biacuminate (bi-ak-u' -min-dt) [bi-; acuminatus, 
 pointed]. Having two diverging pointed ends. 
 
 Bialate {bi-a'-ldt) [bi-; ala, a wing]. Fur- 
 nished with two wings or wing-like appen- 
 dages. 
 
 Bialuminate (bi-al-i? -min-dt) [bi-; alumin- 
 ium]. A salt of aluminium containing two 
 equivalents of aluminium combined with one 
 of acid. 
 
 Biangulate (bi-ang f -u-ldt) [bi-; angulus, an 
 angle]. With two angles. 
 
 Biapiculate (bi-ap-ik' '-u-ldf) [bi-; apex, the 
 summit]. With two summits. 
 
 Biarsenate (bi-ar' '-sen-dt) [bi-; arsenic}. An 
 acid arsenate containing two atoms of 
 hydrogen. 
 Biarticulate (bi-ar -tik'-u-ldt) [bi-; articulus, a 
 joint]. Having a double joint. 
 
 Biasteriac, Biasterial, Biasteric {bi-as-ter'- 
 e-ak, bi-as-te'-re-al, bi-as-ter'-ik) [bi-; aste- 
 rion, a craniometric point]. Relating to the 
 asterion on each side of the skull; extend- 
 ing between the two asterions. 
 
 Biauricular (bi-aw-rik' -u-lar) [bi-; auricula, 
 the ear]. Relating to two auricles or to two 
 corresponding auricular points. 
 
 Biaurite (bi-aw' -rit) [bi-; auris; the ear]. Fur- 
 nished with two ears or ear-like projec- 
 tions. 
 
 Bib. A portion of a red blood-corpuscle 
 adherent to the crescent bodies observed in 
 the blood of remittent-fever patients. 
 
 Bibasic (bi-ba'-sik) [bi-; basis, a base]. Having 
 two hydrogen atoms replaceable by bases, 
 as certain acids; dibasic. 
 
 Biborate (bi-bo'-rdt). See Pyroborate. 
 
 Bibromid (bi-bro'-mid). A compound of bro- 
 min with a radicle or element, containing 
 twice as much bromin as another similar 
 compound. 
 
 Bibulous (bib'-u-lus) [bibere, to drink]. Having 
 the property of absorbing moisture, as 
 bibulous paper. 
 
 Bicalcarate (bi-kal r -kar-dt) [bi-; calcar, a spur]. 
 Furnished with two spurs or spur-like pro- 
 jections. 
 
 Bicameral (bi-kan? -er-al) [bi-; camera, a vault]. 
 Having two compartments. 
 
 Bicapitate (bi-kap' -it-dt) [bi-; caput, a head]. 
 Having two heads; bicephalous; dicepha- 
 lous. 
 
 Bicapsular (bi-kap' -su-lar) [bi-; capsula, a cap- 
 sule]. Having two capsules. 
 
 Bicarbonate (bi-kar'-bon-dt) [bi-; carbonate}. 
 Any salt of carbonic acid that has two 
 carbonic -acid equivalents for one of the 
 base. 
 
 Bicaudal, Bicaudate (bi-kaw'-dal, bi-kaw f - 
 ddt) [bi-; cauda, tail]. Flaving two tails or 
 appendages. 
 
 Bicavitary (bi-kav' -it-a-re) [bi-; cavitas, a cav- 
 ity]. Having two cavities. 
 
 Bicellular (bi-se? -u-lar) [bi-; cella, a cell]. 
 Composed of two cells. 
 
 Biceps (bi f -seps) [bi-; caput, the head]. Hav- 
 ing two heads, a term applied to several 
 muscles, as B. brachii, B. extensor, B. flexor 
 cruris. 
 
 Bichat, Canal of (be'-shah). A canal which 
 was supposed by Bichat to exist between the 
 subarachnoid space and the third ventricle. 
 B., Fat -ball of. See Ball, Bichat' s Fat-. B., 
 Fissure of. See Fissure 0} Bichat. B., Fo- 
 ramen of. See Foramen of Bichat. B . , Mem- 
 brane of. See Henle's Fenestrated Membrani. 
 B., Tunic of, the intima of the blood-vessels. 
 
 Bichlorid (bi-klo'-rid) [bi- ; chlorin}. A salt 
 containing two equivalents of chlorin. 
 
 Bichromate (bi-kro'-mdt) [bi-; chromium}. A 
 salt containing two equivalents of chromium 
 trioxid. 
 
 Bicinctus, Bicingulatus (bi-sink'-tus, bi-sin- 
 gu-la'-tus) [bi-; cingere, to gird]. Having two 
 zones or belts. 
 
 Bicipital, Bicipitous (bi-sip r -it-al, -us) [biceps, 
 
 
r 
 
 BICLAVATE 
 
 174 
 
 BILAMELLAR 
 
 double-headed]. i. With two heads. 2. 
 Relating to one of the.biceps muscles. 
 
 Biclavate (bi-kld' '-vat) [bi-; clava, a club]. 
 Clubbed at each end. B.-bihamate, with 
 the two club-shaped ends bent toward each 
 other. B.-cylindric, cylindric and with 
 clubbed ends. 
 
 Biconcave (bi-kon'-kdv). See Lens, Biconcave. 
 
 Biconvex (bi-kon'-veks). See Lens, Biconvex. 
 
 Bicorporal, Bicorporate, Bicorporated (bi- 
 kor'-por-al, -at, -a-ted) [bi-; corpus, a body]. 
 Consisting of two bodies. 
 
 Bicrural {bi-kru'-ral) [bi-; crus, a leg]. Hav- 
 ing two legs or leg-like processes. 
 
 Bicuspid (bi-kus'-pid) [bi-; cuspis, the point 
 of a spear]. Having two cusps, as bicus- 
 pid teeth. B. Valve, the mitral valve of 
 the heart. 
 
 Bicyanate (bi-si' '-an-dt) [bi-; cyanogen]. A 
 salt having two equivalents of cyanic acid 
 and one of a base. 
 
 Bicyanid (bi-si f -an-id) [see Bicyanate]. A 
 cyanid containing twice as much cyanogen 
 as the lower member of the cyanid series. 
 
 Bicyanuret (bi-si-an'-u-ret). See Bicyanid. 
 
 Bidacryc (bi-dak' -rik) [bi-; dacryon]. In crani- 
 ometry, relating to the two dacryons. 
 
 Bidder's Ganglions. See Ganglion, Bidder's. 
 
 Bidental (bi-den' -tal) [bi-; dens, a tooth]. Hav- 
 ing two teeth or tooth-like prominences. 
 
 Bidet (be'-da) [Fr., "pony"]. A tub or basin 
 with fixed attachments for the administering 
 of injections; also for use as a sitz-bath or 
 hip-bath. 
 
 Bidigital (bi-dif-it-al) [bi-; digitus, a finger]. 
 Referring to the tip of a finger of each 
 hand. 
 
 Bieber's Reagent. Equal volumes concen- 
 trated sulfuric acid, red nitric acid, and water. 
 
 Biedert's Cream Mixture {be'-ddr). An in- 
 fant's food made by mixing 4 oz. of cream with 
 12 oz. of warm water, and adding \ oz. of 
 milk-sugar. It contains 1 % of casein, 2.5% 
 of fat, and 3.8 % of sugar. As the child grows 
 older a larger proportion of milk is added. 
 
 Bieg's Entotic Test (beg). When words are 
 audible only on being spoken, into an ear- 
 trumpet connected with a catheter placed 
 in the eustachian tube, but not through the 
 ear-trumpet as ordinarily applied, there is a 
 probable lesion of the malleus or incus which 
 interferes with conduction. 
 
 Biermer's Anemia (ber'-ynur). Pernicious ane- 
 mia. B.'s Change of Pitch, in hydropneu- 
 mothorax the tympanitic sound is lower in 
 pitch when the patient is sitting than when 
 he is lying down. 
 
 Biernacki's Symptom (ber'-nak-e). Analgesia 
 of the ulnar nerve at the elbow; it is observed in 
 tabes dorsalis and paretic dementia. 
 
 Biesiadecki's Fossa (be-es-e-ah-dek'-e). A peri- 
 toneal recess which is bounded in front by a 
 more or less well-defined fold, the inner sur- 
 face of which looks upward over the psoas 
 toward the root of the mesentery, the outer 
 extending toward the crest of the ilium. 
 Syn., Fossa iliacosubfascialis. 
 
 Biett's Collar. A zone of lenticulopapular 
 syphilid on the neck. 
 
 Bifacial (bi-fa' -shal) [bi-; facies, a face]. Hav- 
 ing the opposite surfaces similar. 
 
 Bifarious (bi-fa' -re-us) [bifarius]. Twofold; 
 arranged in two more or less regular series 
 or rows. 
 
 Bifli's Test for Bile. Acidify 150 to 200 Cc. 
 of urine with sulfuric acid; add drop by drop 
 a 5 % barium chlorid solution, using about 30 
 drops to every 100 Cc. of urine. Pour off the 
 liquid and collect the soft precipitate on 
 absorbent cotton and spread evenly. Place 
 a crystal of potassium dichromate upon the 
 surface of the precipitate, and in the presence 
 of bile a green ring will form around the crys- 
 tal, changing to blue and then to red. A 
 small amount of albumin will not interfere 
 with the test, but if much is present, the use 
 of a saturated solution of sodium sulfate is 
 recommended instead of the sulfuric acid. 
 
 Bifid (bi'-fid) [bi-; findere, to cleave]. Divided 
 into two parts; cleft, as bifid uvula. 
 
 Bifissile (bi-fis'-l) [bi-; findere, to split]. Part- 
 ing naturally into halves. 
 
 Bifistular, Bifistulous (bi-fis'-tu-lar, -lus) 
 [bis; fistula, a pipe]. With two tubes. 
 
 Biflagellate (bi-fiaj' -el-dt) [bi-; fiagellum, a 
 whip]. Furnished with two flagellums. 
 
 Bifocal (bi-fo'-kal) [bi-; focus, a point]. Hav- 
 ing a double focus. Applied to a system 
 of lenses or spectacle-glasses with two foci, 
 chiefly used for the correction of presbyopia, 
 when there is at the same time an error of 
 refraction for distant vision. The distance 
 lens is above that for near-work. These are 
 sometimes called pantoscopic lenses, and also 
 Franklin spectacles, because the device was 
 first made by Benjamin Franklin. They are 
 also called cement lenses, because now made 
 by cementing the lower segment to the dis- 
 tance lens. 
 
 Bif orate {bi-fo'-rdt) [bi-; foratus, perforated]. 
 Having two foramens. 
 
 Biformity {bi-form'-it-e). The condition of 
 being dimorphous. 
 
 Biforous (bi'-Jor-us). 1. See Bif or ate. 2. Hav- 
 ing two valves. 
 
 Bifurcate (bi-fur' -kdt) [bi-; furca, a fork]. Di- 
 vided into two, like a fork. 
 
 Bifurcation (bi-fur -ka' -shun) [see Bifurcate]. 
 Division into two branches, as of the trachea 
 or of the aorta. 
 
 Bigaster (bi-gas'-ter). See Biventer. 
 
 Bigelow's Ligament. The Y-ligament of 
 the hip-joint; iliofemoral ligament. B.'s 
 Septum, the calcar femorale, a nearly vertical 
 spur of compact tissue in the neck of the 
 femur, a little in front of the lesser tro- 
 chanter. 
 
 Bigeminal, Bigeminous (bi-jem'-in-al, -us) 
 [bi-; geminare, to double]. Occurring in two 
 pairs. 
 
 Bihastate, Bihastatus (bi-has'-tdt, bi-has-ta'- 
 tus) [bi-; hasta, a lance]. With two lance- 
 shaped processes. 
 
 Bilamellar, Bilamellate, Bilamellated (bi- 
 
BILAMINAR 
 
 175 
 
 BILOCULAR 
 
 lam-el'-ar, -at, -el-a'-ted) [bi-; lamella, a plate]. 
 Consisting of two thin plates. 
 
 Bilaminar, Bilaminate (bi-lam'-in-ar, -at) 
 [bi-; lamina, a sheet]. Composed of two layers. 
 
 Bilateral {bi-lat'-er-al) [bi-; latus, a side]. Re- 
 lating to two sides; pertaining to or 
 affecting both sides of the body. B. Sym- 
 metry, the symmetry of right and left halves. 
 
 Bilateralism (bi-laf -er-al-izm) [see Bilateral]. 
 Bilateral symmetry. 
 
 Bile (bil) [bilis, the bile]. The substance 
 secreted by the liver. It is mucilaginous, 
 golden-brown, and is composed of biliary 
 salts, cholesterin, mucus, and certain pig- 
 ments. The principal salts are the sodium 
 salts of taurocholic acid (C 26 H 45 NOS 7 ) and 
 glycocholic acid (CggH^NOg). The taste of 
 bile is intensely bitter, its reaction feebly 
 alkaline, and its density from 1026 to 1032. 
 It exercises a diastatic action on starch, 
 emulsifies fats, and precipitates soluble 
 peptone; it is also the natural antiseptic of 
 the intestine, and has an action on the intesti- 
 nal mucous membrane through which ab- 
 sorption is favored. Its composition varies, 
 but according to Hoppe-Seyler, in 100 parts' 
 bile there are of — 
 
 I^oTanicmatter-:::: ! .' ! I }*■*«* 
 
 Organic matter 8.32 " 
 
 Mucus 1.29 " 
 
 Sodium taurocholate .... 0.87 part. 
 
 Sodium glycocholate 3.03 parts. 
 
 Saponified fat 1.39 " 
 
 Cholesterin 0.35 part. 
 
 Lecithin 0.53 " 
 
 Fat 0.73 " 
 
 B. Acids, Tests for. See Drechsel, Mylius, 
 Pettenkofer, Strassburg, v. Udransky. B., 
 Crystallized, Plattner's name for sodium 
 taurocholate . B . , Cystic , bile contained i n the 
 gall-bladder as distinguished from that which 
 is transmitted directly from the liver to the 
 duodenum. B., Glastine, that of a bluish 
 color, so called from glastum, or woad (Isatis 
 tinctoria), used for dyeing blue. B., Hepatic, 
 that which is transmitted directly from the 
 liver to the duodenum without entering the 
 gall-bladder. B. -pigments, the coloring- 
 matters of the bile. See Barral, Capranica, 
 Cunisset, Dragendorff, Dumontpallier , Fleischl, 
 Gluzinski, Gmelin, Huppert, Jolles, Mare- 
 chal, le Nobel, Rosenbach, Smith, Stokvis, 
 Trousseau, Ultzmann, Vitalli. 
 
 Bilharzia (bil-har' -ze-ah) [named after Theo- 
 dor Bilharz, a physician of Cairo]. A genus 
 of trematode worms, established by Cobbold, 
 characterized by having the sexes separate. 
 B. haematobia. See Distoma hcematobium. 
 
 Bilharziosis (bil-har -ze-o' -sis) [Bilharzia]. The 
 group of symptoms produced by the presence 
 in the intestine of worms of the genus Bil- 
 harzia. 
 I Bili- [bile]. A prefix denoting relating to the bile. 
 
 Biliary (biV -e-a-re) [bile]. Pertaining to 
 the bile. B. Acids, glycocholic and tau- 
 rocholic acids. B. Colic, colic produced by 
 the passage of gall-stones. B. Diabetes, 
 
 Hanot's disease, or hypertrophic cirrhosis of 
 the liver with icterus. B. Ducts, the hepatic 
 and cystic ducts and the ductus communis 
 choledochus, together with the small ducts in 
 the liver itself. 
 
 Biliation (bil-e-a' -shun) [bile]. The excretion 
 of bile. 
 
 Bilicyanin (bil-e-si' -an-in) [bili-; /cuaveoc, blue]. 
 A blue pigment obtained from bilirubin. 
 Syn., Cholecyanin; Choleverdin. 
 
 Bilification (bil-if-ik-a' -shun) [bili-; jacere, to 
 make]. The formation of bile. 
 
 Biliflavin (bil-e-fla'-vin) [bili-; flavus, yellow]. 
 A ■yellow coloring-matter derivable from 
 biliverdin. 
 
 Bilifulvin (bil-e-ful f -vin) [bili-; fulvus, reddish 
 yellow]. An impure form of bilirubin; also 
 a yellow bile color from ox-gall, not normally 
 present in human bile. 
 
 Bilifuscin (bil-e-)us' -in) [bili-; fuscus, brown], 
 C 16 H 20 N 2 C , 4- A pigment occurring in bile 
 and in gall-stones. 
 
 Biligulate, Biligulatus (bi-lig'-u-lat, bi-lig-u- 
 la'-tus) [bi-; ligula, a little tongue]. Formed 
 like two tongues or having two tongue-like 
 processes. 
 
 Bilihumin (bil-e-hu'-min) [bili-; humus, earth]. 
 An insoluble residue left after treating gall- 
 stones with various solvents. 
 
 Bilin (bi'-lin) [bile]. A mixture of sodium tau- 
 rocholate and glycocholate, forming a constit- 
 uent of the bile. 
 
 Bilineurin {bil-e-nu'-rin). Cholin. 
 
 Bilious (bil'-yus) [biliosus, full of bile]. A term 
 popularly applied to disorders supposed to 
 arise from a too free secretion of bile. B. 
 Fever, a remittent fever characterized by the 
 vomiting of bile. 
 
 Biliousness (bil' -yus-nes) [bilious]. A popular 
 name for a condition characterized by ano- 
 rexia, constipation, coated tongue, lassitude, 
 and headache, and supposed to be due to 
 an excessive secretion of bile. 
 
 Biliprasin (bil-e-pra' -sin) [bili-; npaocvoc, leek- 
 green], QgH^NaO,,. A pigment occurring in 
 gall-stones, icteric urine, and bile. 
 
 Bilirubin (bil-e-ru' -bin) [bili-; ruber, red], C 16 H 18 - 
 N 2 3 . A red coloring-matter, the chief pig- 
 ment of the bile, and also found in the 
 urine in jaundice. It is insoluble in water, 
 and almost so in ether and alcohol, but it is 
 readily soluble in alkaline solutions. It crys- 
 tallizes in rhombic plates or prisms. 
 
 Biliverdin (bil-e-ver' -din) [bili-; viridis, green], 
 C l2 H 20 N 2 O 5 , or C 8 NgN0 2 . A green pig- 
 ment, the first product of the oxidation of 
 bilirubin. It gives the characteristic color 
 to the bile of herbivora, and occurs in the 
 urine in jaundice and in gall-stones. 
 
 Billroth's Disease (biV-rot). 1. Spurious men- 
 ingocele. 2. Malignant lymphoma. B.'s 
 Mixture. See under Anesthetic. 
 
 Bilobate (bi-lo f -bat) [bi-; Xo^oc, a lobe]. With 
 two lobes; divided into two lobes. 
 
 Bilocular (bi-lok' -u-lar) [bi-; locidus, a little 
 place]. Having two cells; divided into two 
 compartments; biloculate. 
 
BIMACULATE 
 
 176 
 
 BIOMETRY 
 
 Bimaculate (bi-mak' -u-ldt) [bi-; macula, a spot]. 
 Marked with two spots. 
 
 Bimalar (bi-ma' -lar) . Extending between the 
 two malar bones. 
 
 Bimalate (bi-mal'-dt). In a series of malates, 
 that one which contains twice the amount of 
 malic acid that the first one of the series does. 
 
 Bimanual (bi-man' -u-al) [bi-; manus, a 
 hand]. With both hands; two-handed. B. 
 Palpation, palpation by means of both 
 hands. 
 
 Bimaxillary (bi-maks' -il-a-re) . Extending be- 
 tween the two maxillas. 
 
 Bimenibral (bi-mem' -bral) [bi-; membrum, a 
 member]. With two limbs. 
 
 Bimestral (bi-mes' -tral) [bi-; mensis, month]. 
 Two months old; continuing two months. 
 
 Bimolybdate (bi-mol' -ib-ddt) . A molybdate 
 containing twice as much molybdic acid as 
 the corresponding normal molybdate. 
 
 Bimucous (bi-mu'-kus) [bi-; mucus, mucus]. 
 Relating to two mucous surfaces. 
 
 Bimuscular (bi-mus 1 '-ku-lar). Having two 
 muscles. Syn., Dimyarious. 
 
 Binary (bi'-nar-e) [binus, a couple]. In 
 chemistry, compounded of two elements. 
 In anatomy, separating into two branches. 
 
 Binaural (bin-aw'-ral) [bi-; auris, ear]. Per- 
 taining to or having two ears; used for 
 both ears. B. Stethoscope, a stethoscope 
 with two tubes, one for each ear. 
 
 Binauricular (bin-aw-rik' -u-lar) . See Binaural. 
 
 Binder '(bind'-er) [ME., byndere]. A wide 
 bandage about the abdomen, worn by women 
 after labor or after celiotomy, to support the 
 abdominal walls. B., Mammary, a sling or 
 suspensory for the mamma. 
 
 Bing's Test. Let a vibrating tuning-fork be 
 held on the vertex until it has ceased to be 
 audible; then close either ear, and the fork 
 will be heard again for a certain period. If 
 this period of secondary perception is short- 
 ened, there exists a lesion of the sound-con- 
 ducting apparatus; if normal and yet deaf- 
 ness is present, the perceptive apparatus is 
 involved. 
 
 Biniodid (bin-i'-o-did). Having two atoms of 
 iodin in the molecule. 
 
 Binocular (bin-ok' '-u-lar) [bi-; oculus,&n. eye]. 
 Pertaining to both eyes. In optics, an in- 
 strument with two eyepieces for use with 
 both eyes at once. B. Vision, the faculty 
 of using both eyes synchronously and with- 
 out diplopia. 
 
 Binotic (bin-of -ik) . See Binaural. 
 
 Binoxid (bin-oks' -id) . See Dioxid. 
 
 Bio- [fi'coc, life]. A prefix meaning life. 
 
 Bioblast (bi'-o-Uast) [bio-; (HXaozbc, a germ]. 
 A plastidule or formative cell; a corpuscle 
 that has not yet become a cell. 
 
 Bioblastic (bi-o-blast'-ik). Relating to bio- 
 blasts. B. Theory, Altmann's, according 
 to which leukocyte granules are considered 
 as definite biologic entities, which affect, 
 through oxygen-transmission, both reduction 
 and oxygenation, and in this manner accom- 
 plish the disunions and the syntheses of the 
 
 economy without sacrificing their own indi- 
 viduality. Cf. Color -analysis. 
 
 Biochemics (bi-o - kem' - iks) [bio- ; y^pda, 
 chemistry]. The chemistry of life. See 
 Biochemy. 
 
 Biochemistry (bi-o-kem' '-is-tre) [see Biochem- 
 ics]. The chemistry of the living body or of 
 fife. 
 
 Biochemy (bi' - o - kem - e) [see Biochemics]. 
 Chemic force as exhibited in living organisms. 
 
 Bioculate, Bioculatus (bi-ok' -u-ldt, bi-ok-u- 
 la'-tus) [see Binocular]. Marked by two spots 
 of color different from the chief color. 
 
 Biod (bi'-od) [ficoc, fife]. i. Animal magnet- 
 ism. 2. See Protyl. 3. Vital force. 
 
 Biodesmus (bi-od-ez'-mus) [bio-; deop.bc, a 
 bond]. The vital principle regarded as a 
 bond between organisms. 
 
 Biodynamics (bi-o-di-nam'-iks) [bio-; ouvaficc, 
 power]. The dynamics of life; dynamic bi- 
 ology. See Bionomy. 
 
 Biogen (bi'-o-jen) [bio-; yevvdv, to produce]. 
 1. See Protyl. 2. See Bioplasm. 3. See 
 Magnesium Dioxid. 
 
 Biogenesis (bi - - jen f - es - is) [bio-; ykvtotc, 
 
 • origin]. The doctrine that living things are 
 produced only from living things — the reverse 
 of abiogenesis. 
 
 Biogenetic (bi-o-jen-et' -ik) [see Biogenesis]. 
 Pertaining to biogenesis. B. Law, the fact 
 that a certain tendency directs the drift or 
 trend of development of a being along a 
 line parallel with that of the series of forms 
 ancestral to it. The being in the course of 
 its development briefly recapitulates that of 
 the ancestral series to which it belongs. Syn., 
 Muller's law. 
 
 Biogeny (bi-oj'-en-e) [see Biogenesis]. In biol- 
 ogy, the evolution of organic forms, either 
 considered individually (ontogeny) or tribally 
 (phylogeny). 
 
 Biologic (bi-o-loj'-ik) [see Biology]. Pertaining 
 or belonging to biology. 
 
 Biologist (bi-oV -o-jist) [see Biology]. One who 
 is a student of biology. 
 
 Biologos (bi-o-W-gos) [see Biology]. A designa- 
 tion proposed for the intelligent living power 
 displayed in cellular and organic action and 
 reaction. 
 
 Biology (bi-ol' -o-je) [bio-; Xbyoc, science]. The 
 science embracing the structure, function, and 
 organization of living forms. Syn., Organ- 
 ology; Organomy; Somiology; Zoonomy. B., 
 Dynamic. See Bionomy. B., Static. See 
 Biostatics. 
 
 Biometer (bi-om' -et-er) [bio-; jxkxpov, a measure]. 
 1. A table of life expectancy, etc., upon which 
 the science of life-insurance is based. 2. An 
 instrument, of the nature of a tuning-fork, 
 invented by Dr. Collongues for the reproduc- 
 tion and increase of sounds of the body 
 ordinarily perceived by auscultation. 
 
 Biometrics (bi-o-met'-riks) [see Biometer]. The 
 science of the body-sounds perceived by 
 auscultation. 
 
 Biometry (bi-om' -et-re) [see Biometer]. Life- 
 measurement; the estimation of the prob- 
 
BION 
 
 177 
 
 BIRCH 
 
 able duration of any given life-form — in 
 the past or future. 
 
 Bion (bi'-on) [fteoc, life]. A definite physi- 
 ologic individual element or organism. Cf. 
 Morphon. 
 
 Biondi's Fluid. A staining medium used in 
 histologic laboratories. It is a mixture of 
 orange-G, methyl-green, and acid-fuchsin. 
 
 Bionergy" (bi - on' - er - je) [bio-; 'ipyov, work]. 
 Life-force; force exercised in the living or- 
 ganism. 
 
 Bionomics (bi-o-no'-miks) [bio-; vdfioc, law]. 
 That branch of natural history which treats 
 of the relations of organisms among them- 
 selves and to their environment. 
 
 Bionomy (bi-on'-o-me) [see Bionomics]. Dy- 
 namic biology; biodynamics; the science of 
 the laws of life. 
 
 Biontic (bi-on'-tik) [bios]. Individual as opposed 
 to phyletic. 
 
 Bionuclein (bi - o - nu' - kle-in) [bio-; nuclein]. 
 A term suggested by 'Sacharoff (1902) for 
 the hypothetic substance composed of a com- 
 bination of iron and nuclein which exists 
 in all enzyms, holding that all vital processes 
 depend upon decomposition of living sub- 
 stance set up by them. 
 
 Biophagous (bi-of '-ag-us) [bio-; (payslv, to eat]. 
 Feeding upon living organisms or upon 
 living tissue, as insectivorous plants. 
 
 Biophilia (bi-o-fil' -e-ah) [bio-; <f>cXe'cv, to love]. 
 The instinct for self-preservation. 
 
 Biophysiography (bi-o-fiz-e-og'-ra-fe) [bio-; 
 (fiuocc, nature; ypa<f>ecv, to write]. Descrip- 
 tive or structural biology; organography, as 
 distinguished from biophysiology. 
 
 Biophysiology (bi-o-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [bio-; <fiuotc, 
 nature; Xoyoc, science]. The branch of biol- 
 ogy including organogenesis, morphology, and 
 physiology. 
 
 Biophytum (bi-of'-it-um) [bio-; (fturov, plant]. 
 A genus of plants of the order Geraniacece. 
 B. sensitivum is a native of the East Indies, 
 where the root is used in inflammations, in 
 gonorrhea, and in pulmonary affections. 
 
 Bioplasm (bi'-o-plazm) [bio-; nXao/xa, form]. 
 Any living matter, but especially germinal or 
 forming matter; matter possessing repro- 
 ductive vitality. 
 
 Bioplast (bi'-o-plast) [bioplasm]. A mass or 
 cell of bioplasm that is a unit of living 
 matter. 
 
 Biopsia, Biopsy (bi-op'-se-ah, bi'-op-se) [bio-; 
 o<J>cC, vision]. 1. Observation of the living 
 subject; opposed to necropsy. 2. A name 
 coined by Besnier for the excision, during 
 life, of an eruptive lesion or fragment of a~ 
 newgrowth to establish the diagnostic histol- 
 ogy of a malady. 
 
 Biorbital (bi-or' -bit-al) [bi-; orbita, a circle]. 
 Relating to both orbits. 
 
 Bioscope (bi'-o-skop) [bio-; okoksIv, to view]. 
 An instrument used in bioscopy. 
 
 Bioscopy (bi-os'-ko-pe) [see Bioscope]. Exam- 
 ination of the body to ascertain whether 
 life is present. B., Electro-, examination 
 by the aid of the electric current. In about 
 13 
 
 two hours after death the muscular reaction 
 is lost to faradic stimulation in the tongue; 
 after three or four hours in the extremities ; 
 after five or six hours in the trunk. The re- 
 action to galvanism persists somewhat longer. 
 
 Biosis (bi-o'-sis) [ficoc, life]. Life; vitality. 
 
 Biostatics (bi - - stat' - iks) [bio-; ovari/coc, 
 causing to stand]. Static biology; the science 
 of the determinate parts of biology, includ- 
 ing anatomy and the physics of the living 
 body. 
 
 Biot's Respiration (be f -o). Meningitic respira- 
 tion: rapid, short breathing, interrupted by 
 pauses lasting from several seconds to half a 
 minute, sometimes observed in healthy sub- 
 jects during sleep; most frequently in men- 
 ingitis, in which it is an unfavorable prog- 
 nostic sign. 
 
 Biotic (bi-of -ik) [see Biotics]. Pertaining to life 
 or to the laws of animal and vegetable prog- 
 ress and evolution. 
 
 Biotics (bi-ot'-iks) [fttortKoc, vital]. The 
 science of vital functions and manifestations. 
 
 Biotomy (bi-ot'-o-me) [bio-; xkp.v£cv, to cut]. 
 Vivisection. 
 
 Bipalatinoid (bi-pal-af '-in-oid) . A gelatin cap- 
 sule with two compartments. 
 
 Biparasitic (bi - par -as - it' - ik) [bi-; Ttapa- 
 oczoc, a parasite]. Parasitic upon a para- 
 site. 
 
 Biparietal (bi-par-i'-et-al) [bi-; paries, a wall]. 
 Relating to both parietal bones. B. Diam- 
 eter, the distance from one parietal emi- 
 nence of the cranium to the other. 
 
 Biparous (bip'-ar-us) [bi-; parere, to bring 
 forth]. Producing two at a birth. 
 
 Bipartite (bi-par' -tit) [bi-; pars, a part]. In 
 biology, composed of two parts or divisions. 
 
 Bipartition (bi-par -tish'-un) [see Bipartite]. 
 Separation into two parts. 
 
 Biped (bi'-ped) [bi-; pes, a foot]. 1. Having 
 two feet. 2. An animal with two feet. 
 
 Biplumbic (bi-plum'-bik) [bi-; plumbum, lead]. 
 Containing two atoms of lead. 
 
 Bipocillated (bi-po' -sil-a-ted) [bi-; pocillum, a 
 little cup]. Having two cup-like appendages. 
 
 Bipolar (bi-po'-lar) [bi-; polus, a pole]. Hav- 
 ing two poles. B. Nerve-cells, nerve- 
 cells that have two prolongations of the 
 cell-matter. They are found chiefly in the 
 spinal ganglions. 
 
 Bipolarity (bi-po-lar'-it-e) [see Bipolar]. The 
 condition of having two processes from 
 opposite poles, as a nerve-cell; or of having 
 different electric properties existing at the 
 two poles. 
 
 Bipunctate (bi-punk' -tat) [bi-; punctum, a 
 point]. Having two dots or points. 
 
 Bipupillate (bi-pu' -pil-at) [bi- ; pupilla, pupil 
 of the eye]. Marked with spots which con- 
 tain two pupil-like dots. 
 
 Biramose, Biramous (bi-ram'-oz, -us) [bi-; 
 ramus, a branch]. Having two branches. 
 
 Birch (berch) [AS., birce]. Any tree of the 
 genus Betula. Birch-tar, or the tarry oil of 
 Betula alba, is useful in certain skin dis- 
 eases. The bark of B. lenta, the American 
 
BIRD'S FORMULA 
 
 178 
 
 BISMUTH 
 
 black birch, yields a fragrant volatile oil, 
 identical with that of Gaultheria procumbens, 
 for which it is extensively substituted. B. 
 Camphor. Same as B. -resin. B. -resin. 
 See Betulin. 
 
 Bird's Formula. The last two figures of the 
 specific gravity of the urine roughly indicate 
 the number of grains of solids to the ounce 
 of urine. The same two figures multiplied 
 by 2 (Trapp's factor) give the parts per 
 iooo. B.'s Sign, a well-defined zone of 
 ,dulness with absence of the respiratory sound 
 in hydatid cyst of the lung. 
 
 Bird-lime. A viscous vegetable substance 
 used in Japan as a local dressing for wounds. 
 
 Birkett's Hernia. Intraperitoneal inguinal 
 hernia; hernia into the vaginal process of 
 the peritoneum. 
 
 Birth (berth) [ME., byrth]. i. The delivery 
 of a child; parturition. 2. That which is 
 brought forth in parturition. B.-mark. See 
 Ncevus pigmentosus. B. -palsy, any paralytic 
 affection due to an injury received at birth; 
 less correctly, a congenital paralytic affection 
 due to a lesion that existed in the fetal state. 
 
 Bisacromial (bis-ak-ro'-me-al) [bis, two; acro- 
 mion]. Relating to the two acromions. 
 
 Bisalt (bi'-salt). See Salt, Acid. 
 
 Bische (bisk) [East Indian name]. Endemic 
 dysentery. 
 
 Bisexual (bi-seks' '-u-al) [bi-; sexus, sex]. Hav- 
 ing the reproductive organs of both sexes; 
 hermaphroditic. 
 
 Bisferious (bis-fe'-re-us) [bis; ferire, to strike]. 
 Having two beats; dicrotic. 
 
 Bisiliac (bis-iV -e-ak) [bis; iliacus]. Relating 
 to the two most distant points of the two 
 iliac crests. 
 
 Biskra Boil, B. Button. See Furunculus 
 orientalis. 
 
 Bismarck-brown. A brown, basic anilin dye, 
 extensively used as a stain and counterstain 
 in histology. 
 
 Bismuth, Bismuthum (biz'-muth, biz-mu'- 
 thum) [L.]. Bi = 210; quantivalence I, in, 
 V. A pinkish-white, crystalline metal. Its 
 commercial salts often contain arsenic. The 
 insoluble salts of bismuth are feebly astrin- 
 gent. The derivatives of bismuth are chiefly 
 employed as astringents and sedatives to 
 mucous membranes and as gastrointestinal 
 antiseptics. The soluble salts are irritant in 
 large doses. B. Albuminate, a powder con- 
 taining 9% of bismuth; it is used in stom- 
 achic or intestinal cramp. Dose 5-15 gr. 
 (0.32-0.97 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily. B. and 
 Ammonium Citrate (bismuthi et ammonii 
 citras, U. S. P.), soluble in water. Dose 
 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). B. and Am- 
 monium Citrate, Solution of (liquor bis- 
 muthi et ammonice citratis, B. P.) . Dose J-i dr. 
 (2-4 Cc). B. Benzoate, Bi(C 7 H 5 2 ) 3 , a 
 white powder containing 27% of benzoic 
 acid. It is an internal and external an- 
 tiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). 
 B. Betanaphtholate, 2 Bi(C 10 H 7 O) 3 + Bi 2 3 
 (Thomas), a light brown, odorless, insoluble 
 
 powder, containing 80% bismuth trioxid. It 
 is an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15-30 gr. 
 (0.97-1.94 Gm.). Syn., Betanaphtholate; 
 Naphthol bismuth; Orphol. B. Bilactomo- 
 notannate, an odorless yellow powder, used 
 in the diarrhea of infants. Dose 30-45 gr. 
 (2-3 Gm.). Syn., Lactanin. B. Borate, 
 BiBo 3 , an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 5-40 
 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). B. Borophenate, 
 Bi 2 3 B(C 6 H 5 )(C0 3 ) + 3 H 2 0. It is recom- 
 mended as a surgical dressing used as a 
 dusting-powder, or in burns or scalds applied 
 as a paste (25 to 50 % in glycerol) on lint. Syn., 
 Markasol. B. Carbolate, Bi(OH) 2 C 6 H 5 0, a 
 grayish-white powder containing 80% of bis- 
 muth oxid and 18 to 19 % of phenol. It is an 
 intestinal antiseptic and is used externally as a 
 substitute for iodoform. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32- 
 0.97 Gm.). Syn., Bismuth phenate; Bis- 
 muth phenylate; Phenol bismuth. B. Car- 
 bonate (bismuthi carbonas, B. P.), (Bi 2 - 
 2 C0 3 ) 2 ,H 2 0. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). 
 B. and Cerium Salicylate, an antirheumatic 
 and intestinal antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. 
 (0.32-0.97 Gm.). B. Chrysophanate, Bi- 
 (C 16 H 9 4 ) 2 Bi 2 3 , a yellow, amorphous pow- 
 der, insoluble in ordinary solvents, but 
 soluble in nitric or sulfuric acid; it is 
 used as a siccative in psoriasis. Application, 
 5 to 20% ointment. Syn., Dermol. B. 
 Citrate (bismuthi citras, U. S. P.), BiC 6 - 
 H 5 7 , soluble in water of ammonia. Dose 
 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). B. Creso- 
 late, an odorless, tasteless, grayish-white 
 powder, insoluble in water and alco- 
 hol; it is an internal and external antisep- 
 tic. B. Dithiosalicylate, a bulky yellow 
 powder without odor, used as a wound anti- 
 septic and in ophthalmic practice, in diseases 
 of the nose and throat, and in dentistry. 
 Syn., Thioform. B. Iodosubgallate, C 6 H 2 - 
 (OH) 4 COOBiI, an antiseptic used as a dust- 
 ing-powder on wounds. Syn., Airol; Bismuth 
 oxyiodogallate. B. Lactate, BiH(C 3 H 4 3 ) 2 , 
 an internal and external antiseptic. Dose 
 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). B. Loretinate, 
 a combination of bismuth and loretin, used 
 as a surgical and intestinal antiseptic and 
 also in ophthalmology. Dose 7! gr. (0.5 
 Gm.). B. Metacresol, an intestinal anti- 
 septic consisting of a combination of 75 % 
 of bismuth with 17.5% of metacresol. B. 
 Methylenedigallate, 4C 15 H 12 O 10 + 3 Bi- 
 (OH) 3 , an internal astringent. Dose 3-5 gr. 
 (0.1-0.3 Gm.) every 3 hours. Syn., Bis- 
 mal. B.-naphthalin Benzoate, an intes- 
 tinal antiseptic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
 Syn., Intestin. B. Naphthoglycerite, a remedy 
 for gonorrhea. B. Nitrate, Bi (N0 3 ) 3 + 5H 2 0, 
 an astringent and antiseptic. Dose 5-10 gr. 
 (0.32-0.65 Gm.). B. Oxid (bismuthi oxidi, B. 
 P.), Bi 2 3 . Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). B. 
 Oxybromid, BiOBr. It is recommended in 
 the treatment of nervous dyspepsia and hys- 
 teria accompanied by gastric pains and 
 vomiting. Dose 5-6 gr. (0.3-0.4 Gm.) sev- 
 eral times daily. B. Oxychlorid, pearl white. 
 
BISMUTH 
 
 179 
 
 BITOT'S SPOTS 
 
 It is used as a cosmetic. B. Oxyiodid. 
 See B. Subiodid. B. Oxyiodomethyl- 
 gallol, C 6 H 2 COOCH 3 (OH) 2 . BiOH . I, a 
 dark-gray powder containing 23.6% of iodin 
 and 38.4% of bismuth, used as a -surgical 
 antiseptic. Syn., lodogallicin. B. Oxyiodo- 
 pyrogallate, B. Oxyiodopyrogallol, a com- 
 bination of bismuth subiodid with pyrogal- 
 lol. It is recommended as a surgical anti- 
 septic. B. Oxyiodotannate, a wound anti- 
 septic. Syn., Ibit. B., Pancreatinized, 
 used in dyspepsia. Dose 15-75 g r - ( I- 5 
 Gm.). B. Peptonate, B., Peptonized, used 
 in dyspepsia and gastralgia. Dose 15-75 
 gr. (1-5 Gm.). Syn., Bismuthated peptone. 
 B. Permanganate, Bi(Mn0 4 ) 3 , a dry dust- 
 ing-powder for wounds and ulcers. B. 
 Phenate, B. Phenylate. See B. Carbolate. 
 B., Phenol-, a compound of bismuth, 27.5 %, 
 with phenol, 22%; it is used as an intes- 
 tinal antiseptic. B. Phosphate, BiP0 4 , an 
 intestinal disinfectant. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 
 Gm.). B. Powder, Compound, Ferrier's 
 snuff, contains 2 grains of morphin hydrochlo- 
 rid in 1 ounce, with bismuth and acacia. 
 It is used in the treatment of coryza. B. 
 Pyrogallate, (C 6 H 3 [OH 2 ]0) 2 BiOH, an in- 
 ternal antiseptic in doses of 5-15 gr. (0.32- 
 0.97 Gm.). Applied in skin diseases in 
 10 to 30% ointment or dusting-powder. 
 Syn., Helcosol. B. Resorcinate, a yellow- 
 ish-brown powder containing about 4% of 
 bismuth trioxid. It is used in catarrh of 
 the stomach. B. Salicylate, (C 7 H 6 3 ) 3 Bi 2 3 , 
 a salt obtained by Thibault from bismuth 
 oxid, instead of the hydroxid, as is custom- 
 ary. It is used as an external and internal 
 antiseptic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). 
 B. Subbenzoate, basic benzoate of bismuth; 
 used as a wound antiseptic. B. Subcar- 
 bonate (bismuthi subcarbonas, U. S. P.), 
 (BiO) 2 C0 3 .H 2 0, insoluble. Dose 10 gr.-i 
 dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc); feebly astringent and' 
 sedative. B. Subgallate (bismuthi subgallas, 
 U. S. P.). See Dermatol. B. Subiodid, 
 BiOI, used as an antiseptic dusting-powder, 
 like iodoform. B. Subnitrate (bismuthi subni- 
 tras, U. S. P.), Bi0N0 3 .H 2 0, the salt chiefly 
 used in medicine as a sedative astringent to 
 the gastrointestinal mucous membrane. Dose 
 iogr.-idr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). B. Subsalicylate 
 (bismuthi subsalicylas, U. S. P.), a white, amor- 
 phous powder. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). B. Sul- 
 fite, a combination of sodium sulfite and bis- 
 muth nitrate. It is an intestinal antiseptic. 
 Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). B. Sulfophe- 
 nylate, a general intestinal disinfectant. Dose 
 3^-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily. 
 B. Tannate, an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 
 10-30 gr. (0.65-1.94 Gm.). B. Tribrom- 
 carbolate, B. Tribromphenate, Bi 2 3 (C 6 - 
 H 2 Br 3 OH), an insoluble powder containing 
 about 60% of Bi 2 O s . It is used as an 
 antiseptic in cholera and intestinal dis- 
 orders. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-0.97 Gm.); 
 maximum dose a day 90 gr. (5.85 
 Gm.). Syn., Xeroform. B. Trioxid, Bi 2 3 . 
 
 It is incompatible with alkalis and water 
 in excess. It is antiseptic and astringent. 
 Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). Syn., Bis- 
 muthous oxid. B. Troches (trochisci bismuthi, 
 B. P.), each contains 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). B. 
 Valerianate, a white powder with the odor 
 of valeric acid, soluble in dilute hydro- 
 chloric or nitric acid, insoluble in water or 
 alcohol; it is used as a sedative and anti- 
 spasmodic in neuralgia, chorea, epilepsy, etc. 
 Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.194 Gm.). 
 
 Bismuthal (biz' -mu-thal) . Containing bismuth. 
 
 Bismuthate (biz' -mu-thdt) . A salt of bismuthic 
 acid. 
 
 Bismuthic (biz' -mu-thik) . Relating to bis- 
 muth; containing bismuth in its higher 
 valency. 
 
 Bismuthosis (biz-mu-tho'-sis). Chronic bis- 
 muth-poisoning; it may follow the use of the 
 soluble salts. 
 
 Bismuthous (biz-mu' -thus) . Containing bis- 
 muth as a trivalent radicle. 
 
 Bismuthyl (biz-mu' -thil), BiO. A univalent 
 radicle. B. Bromid. See Bismuth Oxy- 
 bromid. B. Chlorid. See Bismuth Oxy- 
 chlorid. B. Iodid. See Bismuth Subiodid. 
 
 Bismutose (biz'-mu-toz). A bismuth and al- 
 bumin compound, equivalent in action to 
 bismuth subnitrate. Useful in gastrointes- 
 tinal affections of infectious character. For 
 children under six months the dose is 15-30 
 gr. (1-2 Gm.); for those over six months 
 it may be given in 60 gr. (1 dr.) doses. 
 
 Bisol (bi'-sol). Soluble bismuth phosphate 
 containing about 20% of bismuth oxid. It 
 is used in gastralgia. Dose 3-7 § gr. (0.19- 
 0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Bistoury (bis'-too-re) [Ft., bistouri\. A long, 
 slender knife, straight or curved, used in 
 surgery. 
 
 Bistratal (bi-stra'-tal) [bis; stratum, layer]. 
 Arranged in two layers. 
 
 Bistriate (bi-stri'-dt) [bis; stria, a furrow]. 
 Marked with two lines or streaks. 
 
 Bisuccinamid (bi-suk-sin'-am-id), C 8 H 5 4 N. 
 A crystalline substance obtained from suc- 
 cinic acid by action of ammonia. 
 
 Bisulfate (bi-sul'-}dt) [bi-; sulfur]. A sul- 
 fate in which the base replaces but one 
 of the two hydrogen atoms of the acid. Any 
 acid sulfate having twice the amount of 
 acid contained in the corresponding normal 
 sulfate. 
 
 Bitartrate (bi-tar'-trat) • [bi-; raprapov, tartar]. 
 Any tartrate in which one replaceable hydro- 
 gen atom has been replaced by a base. 
 
 Bite (bit) [AS., bltan]. 1. The corrosion of a 
 substance with an acid. 2. The more or 
 less perfect coaptation of the upper and 
 lower teeth. B., Open, that in which the 
 upper and lower incisors do not close to- 
 gether. B., Underhung, that in which the 
 upper incisors overreach the lower. 
 
 Bitemporal (bi-tem'-por-al) [bi-; tempora, the 
 temples]. Pertaining to the two temples. 
 
 Bitot's Spots (bi'-to). Xerosis conjunctivae. 
 Silver-gray, shiny, triangular spots on both 
 
BITTER 
 
 180 
 
 BLACK 
 
 sides of the cornea, within the region of 
 the palpebral aperture, consisting of dried 
 epithelium, flaky masses, and microorgan- 
 isms. Observed in some cases of hemer- 
 alopia. 
 
 Bitter {bit'-er) [AS., bltan, to bite]. A pe- 
 culiar, acrid, biting taste, of which that of 
 quinin is an example; unpalatable. B. Al- 
 mond, the nut of Amygdalum amarum. It 
 contains hydrocyanic acid. B. -almond Oil, 
 oleum amygdalae amarae. See Benzaldehyd. 
 B. Apple, the fruit of the colocynth, a pur- 
 gative remedy. B.-blain, a West Indian 
 herb, Vandellia diffusa, employed in fevers 
 and in hepatic disorders. Unof. B. Bugle- 
 weed, the herb Lycopus europcBus, alterative 
 and tonic. Dose of fluidextract £-1 oz. 
 (16-32 Cc). Unof. B. Cucumber, colo- 
 cynth. B. Cup. See Cup, Bitter. B. Purg- 
 ing Salt, magnesium sulfate. B.-root, the 
 root of Gentiana lutea, a tonic. B. Tincture, 
 the tinctura amara (N. F.), prescribed also 
 in the German pharmacy; it is a tincture 
 of gentian, centaury, bitter orange-peel, 
 orange-berries, and zedoary. Syn., Stomach- 
 drops. B. Wine of Iron, a solution of white 
 wine, syrup, iron citrate, and quinin. 
 
 Bitters {bit'-ers) [see Bitter]. Medicines 
 characterized by a bitter taste. B., Aro- 
 matic, medicines that unite the proper- 
 ties of aromatics with .those of simple bitters. 
 B., Simple, medicines that stimulate the 
 gastrointestinal tract without influencing the 
 general system. B., Styptic, medicines 
 that add styptic and astringent properties to 
 those of bitterness. 
 
 Bittersweet {bit'-er-swet). See Dulcamara. 
 
 Bitumen (bit-u f -men) [L.]. Mineral pitch 
 or oil, composed of various hydrocarbons. 
 In the solid form it is usually called 
 asphalt; in the liquid form, petroleum. An 
 intermediate form is known as mineral tar 
 or maltha. By distillation, bitumen yields 
 benzol, naphtha, paraffin, and various other 
 hydrocarbons, liquid and gaseous. 
 
 Bituminization {bi-tu-min-iz-a' -shun) . Aeon- 
 version into bitumen. 
 
 Biurate {bi-u'-rat). An acid urate; a urate 
 containing twice as much of the uric-acid 
 constituent as an ordinary urate. 
 
 Biuret ibi'-u-ret) [bi-; oupov, urine], C 2 H 5 N 3 - 
 2 + H 2 0. A compound formed by ex- 
 posing urea to a high temperature for a 
 long time. It is readily soluble in water and 
 in alcohol; it crystallizes with one molecule 
 of water in the form of warts and needles. 
 When anhydrous, biuret melts at ioo° C. with 
 decomposition. B. Reaction for Proteids. 
 See P io trow ski' s Reaction. B. Reaction for 
 Urea, melt urea completely in a dry test- 
 tube and continue the heat for some time. 
 When cold, dissolve in water, add abundant 
 caustic soda and a dilute solution of copper 
 sulfate drop by drop. The solution becomes 
 first pink, then reddish-violet, and, finally, 
 bluish-violet, according to the amount of 
 copper sulfate added. 
 
 Bivalence {biv r -al-ens) [bi-; valens, having 
 power]. In chemistry, a valence or satu- 
 rating power double that of the hydrogen 
 atom. 
 
 Bivalent {biv f -al-ent) [see Bivalence]. In 
 chemistry, applied to an element of which 
 an atom can replace two atoms of hydro- 
 gen or other univalent element, or to 
 a radicle that has the same valence as such 
 an element. 
 
 Bivalve (bi'-valv) [bi-; valva, a valve]. 
 Having two valves or shells, as a speculum. 
 
 Biventer {bi-ven' -ter) [bi-; venter, a belly]. 
 1. Having two bellies, as a muscle. 2. A 
 digastric muscle. B. cervicis, the inner por- 
 tion of the complexus muscle. B. maxillae, 
 the digastric muscle. 
 
 Biventral {bi-ven' -trat) [see Biventer]. Hav- 
 ing two stomachs; having two bellies, as the 
 digastric muscle. 
 
 Bivittate {bi-vit'-dt) [bi-; vitta, a fillet]. 
 Marked by two longitudinal stripes. 
 
 Bixa (biks'-ah) [biche, Brazilian name]. A 
 genus of plants of the order Bixacece. B. 
 orellana is the annotto-tree, a native of 
 South America and now dispersed through- 
 out the tropics, furnishing from the pulp 
 surrounding the seeds the annotto of com- 
 merce. The pulp is used as a remedy for 
 dysentery and the seeds are said to be as- 
 tringent and antipyretic. 
 
 Bixin (biks'-in) [Bixa], C l6 H 26 2 . An 
 orange-red coloring-matter found in an- 
 notto. 
 
 Bizincic (bi-zink' -ik) . Containing two atoms 
 of zinc. 
 
 Bizygomatic (bi-zi-go-maf -ik) [bi-; ^■j-co/j.a, 
 the zygomatic arch]. Relating to the most 
 prominent points on the two zygomatic 
 arches. 
 
 Bizzozero's Blood-platelets. Small, round or 
 elliptic, nonnucleated bodies found in the 
 blood of mammals, including man. B.'s 
 Corpuscles. See Neumann's Corpuscles. 
 B.'s Crystals. See Charcot's Crystals. 
 
 Black (blak) [AS., blac]. Characterized by 
 an absence of color. The appearance of an 
 object from the surface of which none of the 
 spectrum colors is reflected. B. Alder. See 
 Prinos. B. Antimony, antimony tersul- 
 fid, SbS 3 . B. Ash, the bark of Fraxinus 
 sambucifolia, a mild tonic and astringent. 
 Dose of fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 Unof. B. Blood, venous blood. B. Co- 
 hosh. See Cimicifuga. B.-damp, carbon 
 dioxid gas, which is found in greater or less 
 quantity in all collieries, being given off by 
 many coals, either mixed with fire-damp or 
 separately, or produced in various other ways, 
 as by the exhalations of the miners, by 
 fires, and by explosions of fire-damp. Syn., 
 Choke-damp. B. Death. See Plague. B. 
 Disease, a disease of malarial origin and 
 pernicious course, characterized by extreme 
 darkening of the skin, which may be brown 
 or black in color. It occurs in the Garo 
 Hills in Assam. B. Draught. See Senna. 
 
BLACKBAIN 
 
 181 
 
 BLASTEMA 
 
 B.-drop. See Opium. B. Erysipelas. Syn- 
 onym of Anthrax. B. Eye, livor (or sugil- 
 latio) oculi; ecchymosis of the tissues about 
 the eye, usually from injury. B. Haw. See 
 Viburnum. B. Hellebore. See Hellebore. 
 B. Jaundice, an excessive jaundice arising 
 from obstruction of the gall-ducts. The 
 color of the skin is greenish-black. B.- 
 lead, a form of carbon properly known as 
 the mineral graphite. B. Measles, rubeola 
 nigra, a grave or malignant form of mea- 
 sles. B. Pepper. See Piper nigrum. B. 
 Phthisis. A synonym of Miner's phthisis. 
 B. Sickness, cerebrospinal fever. B. Snake- 
 root. See Cimicifuga. B. Spit. See Miner's 
 Phthisis. B. Tongue, i. A name given to 
 a condition characterized by the formation, 
 upon the dorsum of the tongue, of a hair-like 
 deposit that passes through various stages 
 of coloration from yellow to brown and 
 finally black, ultimately disappearing by 
 desquamation as gradually as it came. Re- 
 peated recurrence is the rule. It is prob- 
 ably an undue proliferation of the epithe- 
 lium, the result of irritation. 2. A term ap- 
 plied to erysipelatous glossitis. B. Vomit, 
 the coffee-ground vomit of yellow fever, etc. 
 B. Walnut, the leaves of Juglans nigra, a 
 tonic, alterative, and deobstruent. Dose 
 of fluidextract 20—30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). 
 Unof. B.-wash, lotto hydrargyri nigra (B. 
 P.). B. Willow, the buds of Salix nigra, 
 a bitter tonic with aphrodisiac properties. 
 Dose of fluidextract 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 
 Unof. 
 
 Blackbain [OE.]. Synonym of Anthrax. 
 
 Blackberry (blak'-ber-e). See Rub us. B. Cor- 
 dial, the cordiale rubi jructus (N. F.). Its 
 formula is: blackberry juice, 3 pints; cinna- 
 mon, in coarse powder, 2 troy oz.; cloves 
 and nutmeg, in coarse powder, each, \ troy 
 oz.; dilute alcohol, 2 pints; syrup, 3 pints. 
 
 Blackhead iblak'-hed). See Comedo. 
 
 Black-leg (blak'-leg). A febrile, generally fatal, 
 disease, chiefly affecting cattle and sheep, 
 which is characterized by the rapid appear- 
 ance of irregular nodules in the skin and 
 muscular tissues, that are at first tense and 
 very painful, but rapidly become painless 
 and crepitating. It is caused by Bacillus 
 chauvcei, or the bacillus of symptomatic an- 
 thrax. Syn., Symptomatic anthrax. 
 
 Blackwater Fever. A very fatal infectious 
 disease occurring especially on the low 
 coasts of tropical Africa, but also in Sicily, 
 Greece, Central and South America, Java, 
 New Guinea, and the southern portions of 
 the United States. The disease is almost ex- 
 clusively confined to the white race, and is 
 characterized by a chill, an irregular inter- 
 mittent or remittent fever, vomiting, dyspnea, 
 jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. An almost 
 invariable complication is nephritis. Studies 
 of the blood have revealed the presence of 
 a small, annular, nonpigmented, intracellular 
 parasite; also forms having a roset or cres- 
 cent shape. 
 
 Bladder {blad'-er) [AS., blceddre, a blister]. 
 
 1. A membranous sac serving for the recep- 
 tion of fluids or gases. 2. The hollow organ 
 which serves as a reservoir for the urine. 
 B., Atony of, inability to expel the urine, 
 from deficient muscular power. B., Bi- 
 lobed, B., Bilocular, a sacculated blad- 
 der having two pouches. B., Brain-, 
 the cerebral vesicle. B., Catarrh of. See 
 Cystitis. B., Encysted, a urinary bladder 
 with communicating cysts connected with 
 it. B., Exstrophy of, B., Extroversion 
 of. See Exstrophy 0} Bladder. B., Gall-. 
 See Gall-bladder. B.-germ. See Blastula. 
 B., Irritable, a condition characterized 
 by constant desire to urinate. B., Multi- 
 locular, a sacculated bladder having many 
 pouches. B., Neck of, the constricted por- 
 tion continuous with the urethra in front. 
 B., Nervous, a condition in which there 
 is a frequent desire to pass water, with in- 
 ability at the same time to perform the act 
 perfectly, and consequent slight dribbling at 
 its close. B., Sacculated, a condition due 
 to overextension, in which pouches are formed 
 by the forcing out of its mucous coat between 
 the hypertrophied muscular fibers, and in which 
 urine may be held and become decomposed, 
 and in which calculi may be retained. B.- 
 stammering, Sir James Paget's name for 
 that condition observed in young males who 
 are unable to micturate when under ob- 
 servation or surrounded by unusual condi- 
 tions or objects. It is due to spasm of the 
 compressor urethrae muscle. B. -stammer- 
 ing, False, a condition in which there is 
 some mechanic or pathologic interference 
 with urination. B., Sterile, a hydatid cyst 
 without secondary cysts, heads, or broad 
 capsules. B., Supplementary, a diverticu- 
 lum caused by sacculation of the urinary 
 bladder. Syn., Parurocystis. B.-worm. 
 See Worm, Bladder-. 
 
 Blainville's Ears. Congenital asymmetry of 
 the ears. 
 
 Blancard's Pills (blang'-kard). Pills of iron 
 iodid. 
 
 Bland {bland) [blandus, mild]. Mild ; sooth- 
 ing. 
 
 Blandin's Ganglion. The sublingual gan- 
 glion, a small gangliform enlargement lying 
 between the lingual nerve and the sublingual 
 gland. B.'s Gland, a muciparous gland sit- 
 uated near the tip of the tongue in the me- 
 dian line and opening by several ducts on the 
 lower surface of the tongue. 
 
 Blandin-Nuhn's Gland. See Blandin's Gland. 
 
 Blasius' (Blaes') Duct. See Stenson's Duct. 
 
 Blast (blast) [AS., bltzsi]. 1. See Exotospore. 
 
 2. See Blight (2). 3. Inflammation. 4. A dis- 
 ease of sheep. 
 
 Blastema (blas-te'-mah) {fiXaoT-qfxa, from ftXaa- 
 rav£(v, to germinate]. 1. The formative 
 lymph or rudimentary tissue, from which, by 
 differentiation, tissues and organs are de- 
 veloped. 2. An undifferentiated protoplasmic 
 layer in certain eggs or embryos. B., Ossi- 
 
BLASTICLE 
 
 182 
 
 BLEEDERS 
 
 fie, B., Ossifying, B., Subperiosteal. See 
 
 Osteo genetic Layer. B. pili, a hair-papilla. 
 
 Blasticle {bias' -tik-l) . See Nucleus, Vitelline. 
 
 Blastidium (blas-tid'-e-um) [fiXaoxoc, a germ]. 
 An endospore or cell of endogenous origin. 
 
 Blasto- (blas-to-) [ftXaozbc, a germ]. A prefix 
 meaning germ. 
 
 Blastocelis (bias -to -se' -lis) [blasto-; ktjX'cc, a 
 spot]. Wagner's name for the germinal spot. 
 
 Blastochyle (blas'-lo-kil) [blasto-; %oX6c, 
 juice]. The colorless fluid in the blasto- 
 dermic vesicles. 
 
 Blastocyst, Blastocystinx (Mas' -to-sist, blas- 
 to-sist' -inks) [blasto-; kuotcc, a bladder]. The 
 germinal vesicle. 
 
 Blastoderm (bias' -to-derm) [blasto-; dkpjia, 
 the skin]. In embryology, the germinal 
 membrane formed by the cells of the 
 morula, lying on the internal surface of the 
 vitelline membrane of the impregnated ovum. 
 The whole hollow sphere, with its surround- 
 ing cells, is called the blastodermic vesicle, 
 and is formed about the tenth day. The 
 ectoderm (or epiblast) and the endoderm (en- 
 toderm or hypoblast) layers are simply due 
 to a proliferation of the blastodermic cells 
 about the germinal area, whereby the blasto- 
 derm is doubled, thus forming these outer 
 and inner layers. The mesoblast or middle 
 layer is developed after the others, and prob- 
 ably from the hypoblast. Syn., Blastodermic 
 membrane; Germ membrane; Germinal mem- 
 brane. B., Bilaminar, the blastoderm when 
 it consists only of the ectoderm and the 
 endoderm. B., Trilaminar, the blastoderm 
 after the formation of the mesoblast. 
 
 Blastodermic (blas-to-der'-mik) [see Blasto- 
 derm]. Relating to the blastoderm. 
 
 Blastodisc (Mas' -to-disk) [blasto-; d'coKog, disc]. 
 A blastodermic disc; a mass or disc capping 
 one pole of the yolk. 
 
 Blastogenesis (blas-to-jen' -es-is) [blasto-; yive- 
 occ, generation]. i. In biology, Weis- 
 mann's theory of origin from germ-plasm, 
 in contradistinction to Darwin's theory of 
 pangenesis. 2. Reproduction by buds. 
 
 Blastogeny (blas-toj' -en-e) [see Blastogenesis]. 
 Haeckel's term for the germ-history of an 
 individual organism; a division of ontogeny. 
 
 Blastoma (blas-to' -mah) [blasto-; bfia, a tumor]. 
 1 . A granular growth due to the presence of a 
 germ or microorganism. 2. One of a peculiar 
 group of true tumors which originate from 
 embryonic cell-nests ; e. g., chondromas, glio- 
 mas, etc. Syn., Enblastoma. 
 
 Blastomere (Mas' -to-mer) [blasto-; fiepog, a part]. 
 Any one of the nucleated cells or segments 
 into which the fecundated vitellus divides. 
 
 Blastomyces (blas-to-mi'-sez) [blasto-; [xuktjc, a 
 fungus; pi., blastomycetes]. A genus of budding 
 fungi usually referred to Torula or Saccharo- 
 mycetes. Single -celled thallophytes, desti- 
 tute of chlorophyl, which reproduce by yeast- 
 like buds or by endogenous cell-formation. 
 B. dermatidis (Gilchrist, 1894), a yeast-like 
 organism producing a scrofuloderma in man. 
 See Dermatitis, Blastomycetic. 
 
 Blastomycosis (Mas-to-mi-ko'-sis). An af- 
 fection due to budding fungi (Blasto- 
 mycetes). Cf. Blastomyces; Saccharomyces; 
 Torula. 
 
 Blastoneuropore (blas-to-nu' -ro-por) [blasto-; 
 veupov, a nerve; nopog, a pore]. In biology, 
 the temporary aperture in certain embryos 
 formed by the coalescence of the blastopore 
 and neuropore. 
 
 Blastophore (bias' -to- for) [blasto-; fapecv, 
 to bear]. That part of a sperm-cell 
 that does not become converted into sper- 
 matozoa. 
 
 Blastophyllum (blas-to-fil'-um) [blasto-; <f)6XXov, 
 a leaf]. The endoderm or ectoderm; a 
 primitive germ-layer. 
 
 Blastophyly (blas-to f'-il-e) [blasto-; $uXr], a 
 tribe]. The tribal history of individual 
 organisms. 
 
 Blastopore (blas'-to-por) [blasto-; nopoc, pass- 
 age; pore]. The small opening leading into 
 the notochordal canal, or, after the canal has 
 fused with the yolk-cavity, leading into the 
 archenteron. It is situated at the hind end 
 of the primitive axis and is a small portion 
 of the gastrula mouth. 
 
 Blastostroma (blas-to-stro'-mah). See Em- 
 bryonic Area. 
 
 Blastous (blast' -us). .Relating to a blastema. 
 
 Blastula (Mas' -tu-lah) [dim. of fiXaoxoc, a 
 germ]. The blastodermic vesicle. 
 
 Blastzellen (blast' -tsel-en) [Ger.]. Primi- 
 tive cells from which are developed all 
 other kinds of cells. They are seen in the 
 embryo before any beginning of differen- 
 tiation, and are characterized by their 
 large size, richness in cytoplasm, and large 
 nuclei. 
 
 Blatta (Mat' -ah) [L., "blood-colored"]. 1. A 
 genus of Blattidce. 2. A clot of blood. B. 
 (Periplaneta) orientalis, the cockroach; the 
 powdered body is a popular remedy for 
 dropsy among the Russian peasants. Tinc- 
 tura blattarum orientalium is used in whoop- 
 ing-cough. Dose 1 or 2 drops in water 
 at intervals of 2 hours. 
 
 Blaud's Pill (Mo). A pill containing equal 
 parts iron sulfate and potassium carbonate; 
 for use in anemia, etc. 
 
 Bleach (blech) [ME., blechen, to make white]. 
 To make white or pale. 
 
 Bleacher's Eczema (blech' -erz ek'-zem-ah). 
 Eczema of the hands of bleachers, due to 
 the use of hot water and strong lye. 
 
 Bleaching Fluid. A fluid obtained by passing 
 chlorin gas into an emulsion of calcium hy- 
 drate. Syn., Eau de Javelle; Javelle water. 
 B. Powder, chlorinated lime, a mixture of 
 calcium chlorid and calcium hypochlorite, 
 containing free chlorin gas. It is used as a 
 disinfectant. 
 
 Blear Eye (bler'-i). See Blepharitis ulcerosa. 
 
 Bleb (bleb). See Bulla. 
 
 Bleeders (ble'-derz) [AS., bledan, to bleed]. 
 A popular term for those who are subjects 
 of the hemorrhagic diathesis. Syn., Hemo- 
 philiacs. B.'s Disease. See Hemophilia. 
 
BLENNISTHMIA 
 
 183 
 
 BLEPHAROPLAST 
 
 Blennisthmia (blen-isth' -me-ah) \J3Xkvva, mucus; 
 'coQuta, a throat]. Pharyngeal catarrh. 
 
 Blenno- (blen-o-) [fiXevva, mucus]. A prefix 
 meaning mucus. 
 
 Blennocele (blen'-o-sel) [blenno-; n-qXr,, a tumor]. 
 Gonorrheal epididymitis. 
 
 Blennocystitis (blen-o -sis -ti' -tis) [blenno-; kooxcc, 
 bladder; tree, inflammation]. Catarrh of the 
 urinary bladder. 
 
 Blennophlogisma, Blennophlogosis (blen-o- 
 flo-jis'-mah, blen-o-flo-go'-sis) [blenno-; <f)X6y- 
 ojocc, inflammation]. Inflammation of a 
 mucosa. 
 
 Blennorrhagia (blen-or-a'-je-ah) [blenno-; 
 pyyvuvat, to burst forth], i. An excessive 
 mucous discharge. 2. Gonorrhea. 
 
 Blennorrhagic (blen-or-a'-jik) [see Blennorrha- 
 gia]. Relating to blennorrhagia. 
 
 Blennorrhea (blen-or-e'-ah) [blenno-; feia, a 
 flow]. Same as Blennorrhagia. 
 
 Blennorrheal, Blennorrhoic (blen-or-e'-al, -0'- 
 ik) [see Blennorrhea]. Relating to blennorrhea. 
 
 Blennostasin (blen-o -sta f -sin) . The proprietary 
 name for a yellow solid body said to be 
 cinchonidin hydrobromid, C 1? H 22 N 2 0(HBr) 2 , 
 a nontoxic vasomotor constrictor and blen- 
 nostatic. It is used in influenza, colds, 
 night-sweats, etc. Dose 15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.) 
 hourly. 
 
 Blennostatic (blen-o s -tat' '-ik) [blenno-; axhotg, 
 a staying]. 1. Checking or suppressing 
 mucous discharges. 2. An agent capable of 
 suppressing mucous discharges. 
 
 Blennostrumous (blen-o-stru' '-mus) . Relating 
 to gonorrhea and to scrofula. 
 
 Blennurethria (blen-u-re' '-thre-ah) [blenno-; 
 ouprjdpa, the urethra]. Urethral gonorrhea. 
 
 Blennymenerysipelas (blen-e-men-er-e-sip'-e- 
 las) [ftXkvva, mucus; ufx^v, membrane; ery- 
 sipelas]. Erysipelas atacking a mucosa. 
 
 Blepharadenitis (blef-ar-ad-en-i'-tis) [blepharon; 
 ddrjv, a gland; crcc, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the meibomian glands. B. 
 tarsalis. See Hordeolum. 
 
 Blepharis (blef'-ar-is) [fiXecfxipcc, an eyelash]. 
 1. An eyelash. 2. A genus of plants of the 
 order Acanthacece. B. capensis is a plant 
 of South Africa used in blood-poisoning 
 from anthrax and in treatment of snake-bites. 
 Dose 3-4 oz. (90-118 Cc.) of a 1 : ioo.decoction. 
 
 Blepharitis (blef-ar-i'-tis) [blepharon; crcc, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the eyelids. 
 B. ciliaris, B. marginalis, inflammation of 
 the ciliary or marginal border of the lids. 
 B. gangrenosa, carbuncle of the eyelids. 
 B. glandularis, B. glandulosa, inflam- 
 mation of the meibomian glands. B. 
 internus, palpebral conjunctivitis. B. 
 phlegmonosa, inflammation of the cellular 
 tissue of the eyelid. B. scrofulosa. See 
 B. simplex. B. simplex, mild inflam- 
 mation of the borders of the eyelids 
 with formation of moist yellow crusts on the 
 ciliary margins, gluing together the eyelids. 
 B. squamosa, that attended with the forma- 
 tion of scabs. B. ulcerosa, an ulcerative 
 inflammation of the eyelids. 
 
 Blepharo- (blef-ar-o-) [blepharon]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to the eyelid. 
 
 Blepharoadenitis (blef-ar-o-ad-en-i'-tis). See 
 Blepharadenitis. 
 
 Blepharoadenoma (blef- ar- o-ad-en- o'-mah) 
 [blepharo-; ddrjv, a gland; o[ia, a tumor]. 
 An adenoma of the eyelid. 
 
 Blepharoatheroma [blef -ar-o-ath-er-o' -mah) 
 [blepharo-; atheroma] A sebaceous cyst of the 
 eyelid. 
 
 Blepharoblennorrhea (blef-ar-o -blen-or-e'-ah). 
 See Ophthalmia, Purulent. Blepharoblen- 
 norrhcea gonorrhoica, B. maligna, gon- 
 orrheal ophthalmia. Blepharoblennorrhcea 
 neonatorum, ophthalmia neonatorum. Ble- 
 pharoblennorrheoea urethritica, gonor- 
 rheal ophthalmia. 
 
 Blepharocarcinoma (blef-ar-o-kar-sin-o'-mah) 
 [blepharo-; carcinoma]. Carcinoma affecting 
 the eyelid. ' 
 
 Blepharochalasis (blef -ar-o-kal-a' -sis) [blepha- 
 ro-; x&Aaocc, a slackening]. A method of 
 treating trachoma by excising oval slices from 
 the upper and lower palpebral conjunctiva, 
 with incision of the outer canthus. 
 
 Blepharochromidrosis (blef-ar-o-kro-mid-ro' - 
 sis) [blepharo-; ip<j)\i.a, color; cdpwc, sweat]. 
 Colored sweat of the eyelids, usually of a 
 bluish tint. 
 
 Blepharoclonus (Mef-ar-o-klo'-nus) [blepharo-; 
 kXovoc, commotion]. Spasm of the orbicularis 
 palpebrarum muscle. 
 
 Blepharocoloboma (blef-ar-o-kol-o-bo' -mah) . 
 See Coloboma palpebroe. 
 
 Blepharohematidrosis (blef-ar-o-hem-at-id- 
 ro'-sis) [blepharo-; alfia, blood; cdpojc, sweat]. 
 The rare occurrence of sweating blood from 
 the skin of the eyelid. 
 
 Blepharomelasma (blef-ar-o-mel-az' -mah) 
 
 [blepharo-; fiiXac, black]. Seborrhcea nigri- 
 cans occurring on the eyelid. 
 
 Blepharomelena (blef-ar-o-mel-e'-nah). See 
 Blepharochromidrosis. 
 
 Blepharon (blef -ar -on) [fihtyapov, the eyelid; 
 pi., blephara]. The eyelid; palpebra. 
 
 Blepharoncosis (blef-ar-ong-ko' -sis) [blepharon- 
 cus]. The formation of a blepharoncus, or the 
 condition of suffering due to such a growth. 
 
 Blepharoncus (blef-ar-ong' '-kus) [blepharo-; 
 byKoc, an enlargement]. A tumor or swelling 
 of the eyelid. 
 
 Blepharonysis (blef-ar-on-i'-sis) [blepharo-; 
 vuooecv, to prick]. Operation for entropion 
 by means of Gaillard's suture. 
 
 Blepharophimosis (blef-ar-o-fi-mo'-sis) [ble- 
 pharo-; (p(/j.cooic, a shutting-up]. Abnormal 
 smallness of the palpebral aperture. 
 
 Blepharophthalmia (blef -ar-of- thai' - me - ah) 
 [blepharo-; 6cf>daXfi6c, eye]. Combined palpe- 
 bral and ocular conjunctivitis. 
 
 Blepharophthalmic (blef -ar-of -thai' '-mik). Re- 
 lating to the eyelids and the globe of the 
 eye, or to blepharophthalmia. 
 
 Blepharophthalmostat (blef-ar-of-thal'-mo- 
 stat). See Blepharostat. 
 
 Blepharoplast (blef -ar-o-plast) [blepharo-; xXao- 
 oecv, to form]. An individualized centrosome. 
 
BLEPHAROPLASTY 
 
 184 
 
 BLOOD 
 
 Blepharoplasty (blef -ar-o-plas-te) [see Bleph- 
 aro plast]. An operation for the restoration 
 of any part of the eyelid. 
 
 Blepharoplegia (blef-ar-o-ple' -je-ah) [blepharo-; 
 tzXtjyt), a stroke]. Paralysis of an eyelid. 
 
 Blepharoptosis (blef-ar-o-to' -sis) [blepharo-; 
 nzcooic, a fall]. Drooping of the upper eyelid. 
 
 Blepharorrhaphy (blef-ar-or'-a-fe) [blepharo-; 
 pa(f)-q, a seam]. The stitching together of a 
 portion of the edges of the lids. 
 
 Blepharospasm (blef -ar-o-spazm) [blepharo-; 
 onaafioc, a spasm]. Spasm of the orbicu- 
 laris palpebrarum muscle; excessive winking. 
 
 Blepharosphincterectomy (blef-ar-o-sfink-ter- 
 ek'-to-me) [blepharo-; ocfxytcTyp, sphincter; 
 iicTOfiT}, incision]. An operation to lessen 
 the pressure of the upper lid upon the 
 cornea; it consists in making an incision 
 the entire length of the lid, about 2 mm. 
 above the lid -border; by a second incision 
 a small oval flap of skin, 2-4 mm. broad, 
 is removed along with all the underlying 
 muscle-fibers. The wound is closed with 
 two or three sutures. 
 
 Blepharostat (blef-ar-o-stat) [blepharo-; ora- 
 xckoc, causing to stand]. An instrument for 
 holding the eyelids apart while perform- 
 ing operations upon the eyes or lids. 
 
 Blepharostenosis (blef-ar-o-ste -no' -sis) [bleph- 
 aro-; orevoc, narrow]. Diminution of the 
 space between the eyelids. 
 
 Blepharosynechia ' (blef-ar-o-sin-e' '-ke-ah) 
 
 [blepharo-; euvkxeca, a holding together]. The 
 adhesion or growing together of the eyelids. 
 
 Blepharo tomy (ble)-ar-ot'-o-me) [blepharo-; 
 xkjivecv, to cut]. Incision into the eyelid. 
 
 Blepharydatis (blef-ar-id'-at-is) [blepharo-; 
 udazcc, a vesicle]. A hydatid affecting 
 the eyelid. 
 
 Blessed Thistle. See Carduus. 
 
 Blessig's Groove. The slight groove in the 
 embryonic eye that marks off the fundus of 
 the optic cup from the zone that surrounds 
 the periphery of the lens and corresponds in 
 position with the future ora serrata. 
 
 Blight (blit) [origin unknown]. 1. A partial 
 paralysis of certain facial nerves, arising 
 from sudden or extreme cold. 2. A fungus- 
 disease of plants. B. of the Eye, an ex- 
 travasation of blood within the conjunctiva. 
 B., Sandy, a form of ophthalmia attended 
 with photophobia and a sensation of grittiness, 
 due to the formation of pus in the openings 
 of the meibomian glands. 
 
 Blind (blind) [AS.]. Without sight; deprived of 
 sight. B. Spot, that part of the fundus of 
 the eye where the optic nerve enters. 
 
 Blindness (blind'-nes). Want of vision. B., 
 Bright's. See Bright' s Blindness. B., Color-, 
 imperfect color-perception. This condition 
 is found in about 4% of persons, is more 
 frequent in men than in women, and is 
 probably due to nonexercise of the color- 
 sense. Complete color-blindness is very rare, 
 the different colors probably appearing as 
 different intensities or shades of white light. 
 In partial color-blindness defective perception 
 
 of red is the most frequent, green, blue, and 
 yellow, respectively, being next in order. 
 Tests for color-blindness usually consist in 
 matching and classifying colored yarns. B., 
 Cortical, blindness due to lesion of the 
 cortical center of vision. B., Day-. See 
 Nyctalopia. B., Electric-light, a condition 
 similar to snow-blindness, due to exposure 
 of the eyes to intense and prolonged electric 
 illumination. B., Gold, a form of retinal 
 asthenopia at times affecting dentists, owing 
 to which there is inability to distinguish the 
 filling from the tooth. B., Intellectual, B., 
 Mental. See B., Psychic. B., Moon-, a 
 rare condition of retinal anesthesia said to 
 be due to exposure of the eyes to the moon's 
 rays in sleeping. B., Nervous. See Amauro- 
 sis. B., Night-. See Hemeralopia. B., 
 Object-. See Apraxia. B., Psychic, loss 
 of conscious visual sensation from destruction 
 of the cerebral visual center; there is sight but 
 not recognition. B., Snow-, photophobia and 
 conjunctivitis due to exposure of the eyes to 
 the glare of sunlight upon snow. B., Word-. 
 See Aphasia. 
 
 Blister (blis'-ter) [ME.]. A vesicle resulting 
 from the exudation of serous fluid between 
 the epidermis and true skin; also the agent 
 by which the blister is produced. B., Fly-, 
 a blister of cantharides. See Cantharides. 
 B., Flying, a blister that remains long 
 enough to produce redness of the skin and 
 not vesication. 
 
 Blistering {blis'-ter -ing). Forming a vesicle 
 upon the skin. B. Collodion, a solution of 
 cantharidin in collodion. B. Liquid. Same 
 as B. Collodion. B. Paper, paper saturated 
 with cantharides; used for producing vesica- 
 tion. 
 
 Block (blok) [ME., blok, a piece of wood]. 
 
 1. In dentistry a mass of gold-foil for filling 
 teeth, made by folding a tape of foil upon 
 itself several times by means of pliers. 
 
 2. To obstruct the path of all sensory im- 
 pressions in the nerve-trunks and roots in 
 the spinal cord which connect the area of 
 surgical operation with the sensorium. 
 
 Blocking (blok' -ing). F. Franck's term for 
 the transitory sensory paralysis of the entire 
 peripheral distribution of a nerve by *the 
 infiltration of the sectional area of a nerve- 
 trunk in any part of its course with cocain 
 or a similar analgesic. 
 
 Blocq's Disease. See Briquet's Ataxia. 
 
 Blood (blud) [AS., Mod). The fluid that 
 circulates through the heart, arteries, and 
 veins, supplying nutritive material to all parts 
 of the body. In the human being the blood 
 of the arteries is bright red and dichroic ; that 
 of the veins, dark red and monochroic. Blood 
 consists of plasma and corpuscular elements, 
 the latter being the red corpuscles, the white 
 corpuscles, and the blood-plaques. In a 
 cubic millimeter there are about 5,000,000 
 red and 10,000 white corpuscles. The red 
 color of the blood is due to the hemoglobin 
 contained in the red corpuscles. The total 
 
BLOOD 
 
 185 
 
 BOCHDALEK'S CANAL 
 
 amount of blood is estimated at y 1 ^ of the 
 body-weight. When exposed to the air, 
 blood coagulates, forming a red clot and a 
 yellowish fluid called serum. Healthy blood 
 consists of 78% of water and 22% of solids. 
 See Almen, Bremer, Hay em, Hoppe-Seyler, 
 Robert, Ladendorff, Pacini, Rubner, Sal- 
 kowski, Struve, Van Deen, Wetzel, v. Zaleski. 
 B. -casts, tube -casts to which red blood- 
 corpuscles are attached. B. -coagulation. 
 See Hammarsten, Lilienfeld. Pekelharing, 
 Schmidt. B. -corpuscles, Red, circular, 
 biconcave discs floating in the blood. Red 
 corpuscles are circular in mammals (except 
 the camel) and elliptic in birds and reptiles. 
 In man they are about 32W i ncri (7 A 1 ) in 
 diameter and TI ^ M inch thick. B. -cor- 
 puscles, Granular, bodies described by 
 Erb in blood of mammals and supposed to 
 be transitional blood-corpuscles. B. -cor- 
 puscles White, colorless corpuscles, about 
 one-third larger in diameter than the red 
 — 25V i ncri ( IO /-0- They exhibit move- 
 ments similar to 
 those of the ameba. 
 B.-crasis, the mix- 
 ture of the constitu- 
 ents of the blood. 
 When the blood- 
 crasis is diseased or 
 disordered, the con- 
 dition is known as 
 dyscrasia. B. -crys- 
 tals, crystals of 
 hematoidin. B., 
 
 Defibrinated, blood 
 from which the fibrin 
 has been removed 
 by agitating it with 
 twigs. B. -disease. A synonym of Dyscra- 
 sia. B.-dust. A synonym of Hemokonia. 
 B. -fluke. See Bilharzia hcematobia. B.- 
 islands, a term applied to the groups 
 of corpuscles developed during the first 
 days of embryonic life, within the large 
 branched cells of the mesoblast. B. -pig- 
 ments. See Hemoglobin, Hematin, and 
 Hematocyanin. B. -plaque. See B .-platelets . 
 B. -plasma, the liquor sanguinis, or fluid 
 part of the blood. B. -platelets, circular or 
 oval, light-gray bodies found in the blood. 
 They are from 1 to 1.3 // in size, and number 
 from 18,000 to 300,000 in the cubic milli- 
 meter. Their function is not definitely known ; 
 they are an important factor in thrombosis. 
 B. -poisoning, a morbid state due to the 
 circulation of bacteria or their products, 
 or both, in the blood, as the result of a local 
 infection. B. -pressure, the tension of the 
 blood in the arteries. B.-root. See San- 
 guinaria. B. -tumor. See Hematoma. 
 Bloodless {blud'-les) [blood]. Without blood. 
 B. Operations, surgical operations, such as 
 amputations, in which the member is so band- 
 aged by compresses and elastic bands that the 
 blood is expelled and kept from the part to 
 be operated upon. 
 
 Human Colored Blood- 
 corpuscles. 
 1, On the flat; 2, on edge; 
 
 3, rouleau of corpuscles. 
 
 — (After lM.nd.ois.) 
 
 Bloodletting (blud-let'-ing). The artificial 
 abstraction of blood from the body. B., 
 General, venesection or phlebotomy. B., 
 Local, B., Topic, the removal of a small 
 quantity of blood by cupping leeching, 
 or scarification. B., Revulsive, that per- 
 formed for arresting internal hemorrhage. 
 B., Spoliative, bleeding to reduce the 
 number of blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Blue [ME., blew]. One of the colors of the 
 spectrum. B. Baby, a child with con- 
 genital cyanosis. B. -blindness, defective 
 color-perception for blue. B. Cardinal- 
 flower. Synonym of Lobelia syphilitica. B. 
 Cohosh. See Caulophyllum. B. Disease, 
 cyanosis of the newborn, usually due to con- 
 genital disease of the heart. B. Edema, 
 a puffed and bluish appearance of the limb 
 sometimes seen in hysteric paralysis. B.- 
 flag. See Iris. B. Gentian, the root of 
 Gentiana catesbcei, tonic and stomachic. Dose 
 of fluidextract 10-40 min. (0.65-2.65 Cc). 
 Unof. B.-gum Tree. See Eucalyptus. B.- 
 mass. See Mercury M ass. B., Methylene-. 
 See Methylene -blue. B. Ointment, unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri dilutum (U. S. P.). B., Prus- 
 sian, ferric ferrocyanid, Fe.3Fe(C 2 N 3 ) 2 . B. 
 Stick. Same as B. -stone. B. -stone, copper 
 sulfate. B., Turnbull's, ferrous ferrocvanid, 
 Fe 3 Fe 2 (C 3 N 3 ) f . B. Vitriol, copper sulfate. 
 
 Bluebottle (blu'-bot-l). See Carduus. 
 
 Blumenau's Nucleus (bloo'-men-o). The lateral 
 nucleus of the cuneate nucleus. 
 
 Blumenbach's Clivus {bloo f -men-bak). The 
 inclined surface of the sphenoid bone which 
 lies behind the posterior clinoid processes and 
 is continuous with the basilar process of the 
 occipital bone. B.'s Process, the uncinate 
 process of the ethmoid bone. 
 
 Blunt-hook {blunt' -hook). An obstetric in- 
 strument, used mainlv in embrvotomy. 
 
 Blythe's Test for Lead in Potable Water. 
 On the addition of a 1 % alcoholic tincture 
 of cochineal a precipitate is formed. 
 
 Boas' Reagent. A solution of tropeolin or 
 paper saturated with such a solution. B.'s 
 Sign, the presence of lactic acid in the 
 gastric contents in cases of cancer of the 
 stomach. B.'s Test, in cases of intestinal 
 atony a splashing sound can be obtained on 
 pressure upon the abdominal wall after the 
 injection of a small quantity (200—300 Cc.) 
 of water into the bowel. B.'s Test for Hy- 
 drochloric Acid in the Contents of the 
 Stomach, in 100 Gm. dilute alcohol dissolve 
 5 Gm. pure resorcinol and 5 Gm. white sugar. 
 Spread a few drops of this reagent in a thin 
 layer upon a porcelain dish and heat gently. 
 If a glass rod dipped in the solution is applied 
 to a drop of the filtrate from the stomach, a 
 deep scarlet streak is produced. 
 
 Bocconia (bok-o f -ne-ah) [Paolo Boccone, an 
 Italian botanist (1 633-1 704)]. A genus of 
 plants of the order Papaveracece. B. frutes- 
 cens is a native of the West Indies; the juice 
 is purgative and anthelmintic. 
 
 Bochdalek's Canal. A minute canal passing 
 
BOCK'S PHARYNGEAL NERVE 
 
 186 
 
 BOILED OIL 
 
 obliquely downward and outward through 
 the membrana tympani from the upper edge 
 of the inner surface of the latter to the umbo, 
 where it opens on the outer surface. B.'s 
 Ganglion. See Ganglion, Bochdalek's. B.'s 
 Gap, the interval existing in the diaphragm 
 between the costal and lumbar attachments 
 of this muscle. B.'s Muscle, the triticeo- 
 glossus muscle, a small muscle extending 
 from the cartilago triticea in the thyrohyoid 
 ligament upward and forward to the tongue, 
 which it enters, together with the posterior 
 part of the hyoglossus. B.'s Tubes, round 
 or tubular cavities opening into the posterior 
 portion of the thyroglossal duct; like the 
 latter, they are inconstant after birth. B.'s 
 Valve, a small fold of the lining membrane of 
 the lacrimal duct, near the punctum lacrimale. 
 
 Bock's Pharyngeal Nerve. The posterior 
 efferent (pterygopalatine) branch of the 
 sphenopalatine ganglion. 
 
 Bockhart's Impetigo, Epidermic abscesses 
 caused by pyogenic micrococci. 
 
 Bodik. A Malay liquor made from rice. 
 
 Body ibod'-e) [AS., bodig]. i. The animal 
 frame with its organs; also a cadaver or 
 corpse. 2. The important and largest part 
 of an organ, as the body of the uterus. See 
 also Corpus and Corpora. 3. A mass of 
 matter. Bodies, Amylaceous, B., Amyloid, 
 a term applied by Virchow (1856) to bodies 
 found in the central nervous system of adults 
 and young persons dying of various diseases 
 (not alone of diseases of the nervous system). 
 They are concentrically striated, stain deep 
 brown with Lugol's solution, blue with iodin 
 and sulfuric acid, and give the characteristic 
 amyloid color with the anilin stains. B., 
 Antiimmune, a substance held by Ehrlich 
 in his lateral-chain theory to enter into the 
 composition of an antihemolysin {q. v.). 
 Cf. Anticomplement. Bodies, Arantius'. See 
 Corpora arantii. Bodies, Bigeminal. See 
 Corpora quadrigemina. Bodies, Buchner's 
 Albuminoid, defensive proteids. B., Central. 
 1. The nucleus. 2. In the plural, peculiar cor- 
 puscles which are permanently present near 
 the nucleus in protoplasm during cell-divi- 
 sion. Bodies, Chromatin, bodies of various 
 forms found in the reticulum of a cell under- 
 going mitosis. Bodies, Direction, B., Di- 
 rective, the minute abortive cells extruded 
 by the egg-cell as the final phenomenon in 
 the process of maturation; polar bodies. 
 B., Immune, a name given -by Pfeiffer to 
 one of the two substances of a hemolytic 
 serum. It is thermostabile and has two 
 affinities, a stronger one for the red blood- 
 cell and a weaker one for the comple- 
 ment. Having two uniting processes, it is 
 an amboceptor. B., Intermediary, B., 
 Intermediate. See B., Immune, and Am- 
 boceptor. B., Intravertebral, the centrum 
 of a vertebra. Bodies, Katalytic, the fer- 
 ments. B., Laveran's. See Plasmodium 
 malarice. B. -louse. See under Pediculus. 
 Bodies, Nissl's. See Nissl's Bodies. Bodies, 
 
 Parenchymal, the lobules of the lacrimal 
 gland. B.-sarcode, the protoplasm of the 
 cell-body. Bodies, Semilunar. See Cells, 
 Demilune. Bodies,Winkler's, spheric bodies 
 observed in lesions of syphilis. 
 
 Boeck's Lotion (bek). For dry, itching, in- 
 flammatory diseases. Talc and starch, each, 
 50; glycerol, 20; lead-water, 100. The bottle 
 to be well shaken; the lotion diluted with 
 twice the volume of water and applied with 
 a brush. B.'s Scabies, scabies crustosa; 
 Norwegian itch. 
 
 Boedeker's Reaction for Albumin (bo f -dek- 
 er). Treat the liquid with acetic acid and 
 add a solution of potassium ferrocyanid drop 
 by drop. White precipitate of albumin will 
 be formed. 
 
 Boerhaave's Glands {bor'-hav). The sudor- 
 iparous glands. The convoluted glands in 
 the skin that secrete the sweat. 
 
 Boernstein's Test for Saccharin. Extract the 
 substance to be tested with ether; remove 
 the ether and heat with resorcinol and sulfuric 
 acid and next add an excess of soda solution. 
 In the presence of saccharin a strong fluores- 
 cence is produced. According to Hooker, 
 other substances, e. g., succinic acid, also 
 produce this reaction. 
 
 Boettcher's Cells {bet'-cher). Dark -colored 
 cells, with a basally situated nucleus, found 
 between Claudius' cells. B.'s Crystals. See 
 Crystals, Boettcher's. 
 
 Boettcher-Cotugno's Space {ko-tun'-yo). The 
 endolymphatic sac of the internal ear. 
 
 Boettger's Test for Dextrose {bet'-ger). Take 
 5 Gm. of basic bismuth nitrate, 5 Gm. of 
 tartaric acid, and 30 Cc. of distilled water. 
 Add to this slowly a strong solution of sodium 
 hydroxid, stirring continually until a clear 
 solution is obtained. To a small quantity 
 of this add some solution of dextrose and 
 boil. A black precipitate of metallic bis- 
 muth is formed. Or the test may be per- 
 formed in this way: Add some solid bismuth 
 subnitrate to the liquid already rendered 
 alkaline with sodium carbonate or potassium 
 and boil. The existence of dextrose will 
 be evinced by the darkening of the bismuth 
 salt or a black precipitate. 
 
 Bogros' Space {bo'-gro). A space between the 
 peritoneum above and the fascia transversalis 
 below, in which the lower portion of the exter- 
 nal iliac artery can be reached without 
 wounding the peritoneum. 
 
 Bogrow's Fibers {bo'-gro). A tract of nerve- 
 fibers passing from the optic tract to the optic 
 thalamus. 
 
 Boil {boil) [Mod. E., boile]. A furuncle; a 
 localized inflammation of the skin and sub- 
 cutaneous connective tissue attended by the 
 formation of pus. See Furunculus. B., 
 Aleppo, B., Delhi, a peculiar ulcerative 
 affection endemic in India, due to a specific 
 microorganism. See Furunculus orientalis. 
 
 Boiled Oil. Linseed oil that has been heated 
 to a high temperature (130 C. and upward), 
 while a current of air is passed through or 
 
BOILERMAKERS' DEAFNESS 
 
 187 
 
 BONNET'S CAPSULE 
 
 over the oil, and the temperature increased 
 until the oil begins to effervesce from evolu- 
 tion of products of decomposition. 
 
 Boilermakers' Deafness. See Deafness, 
 Boilermakers'. 
 
 Boiling [ME., boilen, to stir]. The vaporiza- 
 tion of a liquid when it gives off vapor having 
 the same tension as the surrounding air. 
 
 Bolbomelanosis (bol-bo-mel-an-o'-sis) \fioXfioe, 
 a bulb; fieXdvajfia, blackness]. The process 
 of formation of a melanoma. 
 
 Boldin (bol'-din). See under Boldus. 
 
 Boldo (bol'-do). See Boldus. 
 
 Boldoglucin. An aromatic glucosid obtained 
 from Peumns boldus and other species. It 
 is a hvpnotic in doses of 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 
 Gm.).' Unof. 
 
 Boldus (bol'-dus) [L.]. Boldo. The leaves 
 and stems of an evergreen, Peumus boldus, 
 native to Chili, sometimes used in anemia and 
 general debility as a substitute for quinin. It 
 contains a bitter alkaloid, boldin, a hypnotic in 
 doses of 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). Dose of the fluid- 
 extract 1-4 min. (0.065-0.26 Cc); of the tinc- 
 ture, which contains 20% of the drug, 5-8 
 min. (0.32-0.52 Cc). 
 
 Bole (bol) [fiiLAoc, a clod of earth]. A trans- 
 lucent, soft variety of clay formerly much 
 used in medicine — internally as an astringent, 
 externally as an absorbent. Several varieties 
 are used, as the Armenian bole, the Lemnian, 
 and the French bole. 
 
 Boletiform (bo-let'-e-form). Shaped like a 
 mushroom. 
 
 Boletus (bo-le'-tus) [j3a)kki)c, a kind of mush- 
 room]. A genus of fungi, some species of which 
 are edible while others are highly poisonous. 
 
 Bolognini's Sign (bo-lo-ne'-ne). On pressing 
 with the tips of the fingers of both hands 
 alternately upon the right and left of the ab- 
 domen of a patient who is lying on his back 
 and whose abdominal muscles are relaxed by 
 flexion of the thighs, a sensation of friction 
 within the abdomen is perceived; it is noticed 
 in the early stages of measles. 
 
 Bolometer {bo-lom' -et-er) [ftoXr), a throw; 
 fihpov, a measure]. A device for measuring 
 minute differences in radiant heat. Syn., 
 Thermic balance. 
 
 Bolus (bo'-lus) [L.]. 1. A large pill. 2. 
 The rounded mass of food prepared by the 
 mouth for swallowing. 3. See Bole. 
 
 Bonducella (bon-du-seV -ah) [L.]. Bonduc- 
 seeds. The seeds of Ccesalpinia bonducella, 
 a tropical plant. It is a bitter tonic and 
 antiperiodic in intermittent fevers. Dose 
 10-15 g r - (°-65-o.g7 Gm.). 
 
 Bonducin (bon'-du-sin), C ]4 H 15 5 . A bitter 
 principle from bonducella; a white powder, so- 
 luble in alcohol, chloroform, fats, and oils, used 
 as a febrifuge. Dose 1J-3 gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Bone (bo n) [AS., ban]. A hard tissue that con- 
 stitutes the framework or skeleton of the 
 body. Bone usually consists of a compact 
 outer mass covered with periosteum, sur- 
 rounding a reticulated inner structure that 
 incloses a central cavity filled with marrow. 
 
 A transverse section of a long bone shows 
 bone-tissue to be composed of a number of 
 yearly circular zones, each having a central 
 tube, the haversian canal, through which the 
 blood circulates. Surrounding the haversian 
 canal are concentrically arranged laminas, 
 or layers of bone, between which are found 
 irregular spaces called lacunas, containing 
 bone-corpuscles and communicating with the 
 haversian canal and each other by means 
 of canaliculi, through which the nutrition is 
 conveyed to all parts of the bone. B., Ankle-, 
 the talus or astragalus. B., Articular, 
 that element of the mandible or lower 
 jaw which is formed from the condylar 
 portion of the cartilaginous rudiment in 
 Meckel's cartilage. Sym, Os articulare; 
 Os condyloideum maxillce inferior is. B.-ash, 
 the calcic phosphate remaining after' bones 
 have been incinerated. B., Basilar. 1. 
 The sphenoid and occipital bones regarded 
 as one. 2. The sacrum. 3. The last lum- 
 bar vertebra. 4. The basioccipital bone. 5. 
 The basisphenoid bone in birds. B., Can- 
 cellated, B., Cancellous, bone 'consisting 
 chiefly of spongy tissue. B. -cartilage. 
 See Ossein. B., Cheek-, the malar bone. 
 B. -chips. See Senn's Bone-plates. B., 
 Collar-, the clavicle. B. -conduction, the 
 transmission of sound-waves to the auditory 
 nerve by means of sonorous vibrations com- 
 municated to the bones of the skull. B.- 
 cyst, a tumor distending and thinning bone, 
 and filled with serum or bloody fluid; in 
 rare cases bone-cysts contain hydatids. B.s, 
 Elongated, long bones, like the ribs, devoid 
 of a medullar}' cavity. B., Endochondral, 
 such true bone as originates from osteoblastic 
 centers in fetal cartilage, and not from 
 periosteum. B., Epipteric, a small wor- 
 mian bone sometimes found between the 
 great wing of the sphenoid and the an- 
 terior inferior angle of the parietal bone. 
 B., Exercise, an ossification in the left arm 
 of soldiers due to constant pressure of a mus- 
 ket. B., Flat, a bone more or less in the form 
 of a plate. B. -gelatin. See Gelatin, Bone-. 
 B., Intermaxillary. See Mesognathion. B., 
 Long, one consisting of a narrow shaft and 
 two expanded ends. B.s, Pneumatic, those 
 containing many air-cells or air-sacs. B., 
 Puboischiadic, B., Puboischiatic, the os 
 pubis and the ischium taken as one. B., 
 Rider's, an ossification of the lower tendon 
 of the adductor longus or magnus from pres- 
 sure. B., Sesamoid. See Sesamoid Bone. 
 B., Short, one the three dimensions of which 
 are approximately equal. B., Stirrup. See 
 Stapes. B.s, Sutural, the wormian bones 
 of the skull. B.s, Wormian, small bones 
 in the sutures of the skull. See Bones, Table of. 
 
 Boneset. See Eupatorium. 
 
 Bonfils' Disease. See Hodgkin's Disease. 
 
 Bonnet's Capsule (bon-a f ). See Tenon's Cap- 
 side. B.'s Position, the position assumed by 
 the thigh in coxitis: flexion, abduction, and 
 outward rotation. 
 
BONES 
 
 188 
 
 BONES 
 
 Atlas (Superior Surface). 
 Tubercle of anterior arch. 2. Articular facet for 
 odontoid process of axis. 3. Posterior arch and 
 posterior tubercle. 4. Groove for vertebral artery 
 and first cervical nerve. 5. Transverse process. 
 6. Foramen for vertebral artery. 7. Superior 
 articular process. 8. Tubercle for attachment 
 of transverse ligament. 
 
 Axis (Lateral Aspect). 
 Body. 2. Odontoid process. 3. Facet for articu- 
 lating with anterior arch of atlas. 4. Lamina. 
 5. Spinous process. 6. Transverse process. 7. 
 Superior articular process. 8. Inferior articular 
 process. 
 
 Axis (Posterosuperior View). 
 1. Posterior surface of body. 2. Odontoid process. 
 3, 3. Superior articular processes. 4, 4. Inferior 
 articular processes. 5, 5. Transverse processes. 
 6. Spinous process. 
 
 Atlas and Axis (Anterior Surface). 
 Lateral masses of atlas. 2, 2, 2, 2. Anterior arch of 
 atlas, including odontoid process of axis. 3. Tu- 
 bercle of anterior arch. 4, 4. Transverse processes 
 of atlas. 5, 5. Inferior articular processes of 
 atlas. 6, 6. Superior articular processes of atlas. 
 7, 7. Inferior articular processes. 8, 8. Trans- 
 verse processes. 9. Anterior surface of body of 
 axis. 10. Apex of odontoid process. 
 
 Seventh Cervical Vertebra (Posterosuperior View). 
 
 1. Body. 2, 2. Transverse processes. 3, 3. Ante- 
 rior or costal roots of transverse processes. 4, 
 4. Foramens for vertebral arteries. 5,5- Superior 
 articular processes. 6, 6. Inferior articular proc- 
 esses. 7, 7. Laminas. 8. Spinous process. 9. 
 Spinal foramen. 
 
 Dorsal Vertebra (Anterosuperior View). 
 Anterior surface. 2. Vertebral foramen. 3. Spin 
 ous process. 4, 4. Transverse processes. 5 " 
 
 Articular surfaces for tubercles of ribs. 6, 
 Superior articular processes. 7, 7- Pedicles. 
 
BONES 189 
 
 TABLE OF BONES. 
 
 BONES 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 .Muscular and Ligamentous 
 Attachments. 
 
 Anvil. 
 
 See Incus. 
 
 
 
 Astragalus. 
 
 See Talus. 
 
 
 
 Atlas [B. N. A.]. * 
 
 First cervical vertebra; ring- 
 like; anterior and posterior 
 arches and tubercles; ar- 
 ticular surfaces. 
 
 Occipital bone — double ar- 
 
 throdia. 
 Epistropheus, four joints — 
 
 diarthrodia rotatoria and 
 
 double arthrodia. 
 
 Longus colli {tubercle), rectus cap- 
 itis posticus minor {spinous proc- 
 ess). 
 
 Axis. 
 
 See Epistropheus. 
 
 
 
 Calcaneus [B. N. A.] 
 (calcaneum) (os calcis). 
 
 The heel bone; irregularly 
 cuboid; lesser process 
 [sustentaculum tali], great- 
 er process, peroneal ridge 
 or spine, superior groove 
 articular surfaces. 
 
 Astragalus,"! 
 
 Cuboid, > arthrodia. 
 
 Scaphoid, J 
 
 Tibialis posticus, tendo achillis, 
 plantaris, abductor pollicis, ab- 
 ductor minimi digiti, flexor 
 brevis digitorum, flexor acces- 
 sorius, extensor brevis digitor- 
 um. 
 
 Capitatum (os) [B. N. 
 A.] (os magnum). 
 
 Largest bone of carpus; oc- 
 cupies center of wrist; head, 
 neck, body; short bone. 
 
 •j. e . c ™ d 'l Metacarpal— ar- 
 
 Flexor brevis pollicis (part). 
 
 Carpus [B. N. A.] (ossa 
 carpi). 
 
 Consists of os naviculare 
 manus, os lunatum, os tri- 
 quetrum, os pisiforme, os 
 multangulum majus, os 
 multangulum minus, os 
 capitatum, os hamatum. 
 See individual bones. 
 
 
 
 Clavicula [B. N. A.] 
 (clavicle). 
 
 Collar-bone, resembles the 
 italic "/",' conoid tubercle, 
 deltoid tubercle, oblique 
 line. 
 
 BSE: YJt°- 
 
 Cartilage of first rib, ) aia - 
 
 Sternomastoid, trapezius, pector- 
 alis major, deltoid, subclavius, 
 sternohyoid, platysma. 
 
 Coccygis (os) [B. N. A.] 
 (coccyx). 
 
 The last bone of the verte- 
 bral column; resembles a 
 cuckoo's beak; usually com- 
 posed of four small seg- 
 ments: base, apex, cornua. 
 
 SacTum-^-amphiarthrodia . 
 
 Coccygcus, gluteus maximus, ex- 
 tensor coccygis, sphincter ani, 
 levator ani. 
 
 Concha nasalis inferior 
 [B. N. A.] (inferior tur- 
 binate bone). 
 
 Situated on the outer wall of 
 the nasal fossa; irregular 
 bone. 
 
 Ethmoid, ] 
 Maxilla, I synarthro- 
 Lacrimal, dia. 
 Os palalinum, J 
 
 None. 
 
 Costa? [B. N. A.] (ribs). 
 
 Twelve in number on each 
 side; shaft, head, neck, tu- 
 berosity, angle (anterior 
 and posterior), anterior or 
 sternal extremity; first, sec- 
 ond, tenth, eleventh and 
 twelfth are peculiar; flat 
 bones. 
 
 Vertebras — arthrodia. 
 
 f First rib — syn- 
 c . .„ J arthrodia. 
 Sternum, others-a^™- 
 
 t dia. 
 
 Internal and external intercos- 
 tals, scalenus anticus, medius 
 and posticus, pectoralis minor, 
 serratus magnus, obliquus ex- 
 ternus, transversalis, quadratus 
 lumborum, diaphragm, latissi- 
 mus dorsi, serratus posticus 
 superior and inferior, sacro- 
 lumbalis, musculus accessorius 
 ad sacrolumbalem, longissimus 
 dorsi, cervicalis ascendens, leva- 
 tores costarum, infracostales. 
 
 Coxce (os) [B. N. A.] (in- 
 nominate bone; os in- 
 nominatum). 
 
 Large, 3 parts; flat bone; 
 with its fellow and sacrum 
 and coccyx forms pelvis. 
 
 Ilium — superior broad ex- 
 panded portion, crest, su- 
 perior, middle, and inferior 
 curved lines, iliopectineal 
 line, venter, auricular sur- 
 face, anterior and posterior, 
 
 f With its fellow of) „„,_ 
 l_ Femur — enarthrodia. 
 
 Ilium — tensor vagina; femoris, ex- 
 ternal oblique, latissimus dorsi, 
 iliacus, transversalis, quadratus 
 lumborum, erector spinse, inter- 
 nal oblique, gluteus maximus, 
 medius, and minimus, rectus, 
 
 * The abbreviation [B.N. A.] used throughout this table indicates that the term is in accordance with the Basel 
 anatomical nomenclature. 
 
' 
 
 BONES 190 
 
 Table of Bones. — (Continued.) 
 
 BONES 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 Muscular and Ligamentous 
 Attachments. 
 
 Coxae (continued). 
 
 superior and inferior spin- 
 ous processes, § (about) of 
 acetabulum. 
 
 Ischium— lower and back 
 portion, body,_ tuberosity 
 and ramus, spine, greater 
 and lesser sacrosciatic 
 notches, external and inter- 
 nal lips of tuberosity, lower 
 boundary of obturator fora- 
 men, -| (about) of acetabu- 
 lum. 
 
 Pubis — body, horizontal ra- 
 mus, descending ramus, 
 spine, iliopectineal line, 
 angle, symphysis, obturator 
 foramen (upper boun- 
 dary), £ of acetabulum. 
 
 
 pyriformis, multifidus spinae, 
 sartorius. 
 
 Ischium — obturator externus and 
 internus, gracilis, levator ani, 
 gemelli superior and inferior, 
 coccygeus, biceps, semitendino- 
 sus, semimembranosus, quad- 
 ratus femoris, adductor magnus, 
 transversus perinei, erector 
 penis. 
 
 Pubis — internal and external ob- 
 lique, transversalis, rectus, py- 
 ramidalis, psoas parvus, pectin- 
 eus, adductor magnus, longus, 
 and brevis, gracilis, external and 
 internal obturator, levator ani, 
 compressor urethra?, accelerator 
 urinas. 
 
 Cranium [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Occipital, parietal (two), 
 frontal, temporal (two), 
 sphenoid, ethmoid. See 
 individual bones. 
 
 
 
 Cuboideum (os) [B. N. 
 A.] (cuboid). 
 
 Somewhat pyramidal; tuber- 
 osity. 
 
 Os calcis, 
 
 External cunei- 
 form, 
 
 Fourth and fifth 
 metatarsal 
 bones, 
 
 arthro- 
 dia. 
 
 Flexor brevis pollicis. 
 
 Cuneiform (of carpus). 
 
 See Triquetrum (os). 
 
 
 
 Cuneiforme (os) primum 
 [B. N. A.] (internal 
 cuneiform). 
 
 Irregularly wedge-shaped; 
 the largest of the three. 
 
 Os naviculare 
 pedis, 
 
 Cuneiforme se- 
 cundum, 
 
 First and second 
 metatarsal 
 bones, 
 
 arthro- 
 dia. 
 
 Tibialis anticus and posticus. 
 
 Cuneiforme (os) secun- 
 dum [B. N. A.] (mid- 
 dle cuneiform). 
 
 Wedge-shaped; smallest of 
 the three. 
 
 Os naviculare 
 pedis, 
 
 Cuneiforme pri- 
 mum, 
 
 Cuneiforme ter- 
 tium, 
 
 Second metatar- 
 sal, 
 
 arthro- 
 dia. 
 
 Tibialis posticus. 
 
 Cuneiforme (os) tertium 
 [B. N. A.] (external 
 cuneiform). 
 
 Wedge-shaped. 
 
 Os naviculare 
 pedis, 
 
 Cuneiforme se- 
 cundum, 
 
 Os cuboideum, 
 
 Second, third, 
 and fourth meta- 
 tarsal bones, 
 
 arthro- 
 dia. 
 
 Tibialis posticus, flexor brevis 
 pollicis. 
 
 Epistropheus [B. N. A.] 
 (axis). 
 
 Second cervical vertebra; 
 body, odontoid process, 
 pedicles, laminas, spinous 
 process, transverse proc- 
 esses, articular surfaces. 
 
 First cervical vertebra — diar- 
 throdia rotatoria and double 
 arthrodia. 
 
 Third cervical vertebra — 
 double arthrodia. 
 
 Longus colli, check ligaments. 
 
 Ethmoidale (os) [B. N. 
 A.] (ethmoid). 
 
 Irregularly cubic; situated 
 at anterior part of base of 
 skull; horizontal or cribri- 
 form plate, perpendicular 
 plate, two lateral masses, 
 crista galli. 
 
 Os sphenoidale 
 Two sphenoid — 
 
 turbinated, 
 Frontal, 
 Two nasal, 
 Two maxillary, 
 Two lacrimal, 
 Ossa palatinum, 
 Conchse nasalis 
 
 inferior, 
 Vomer, 
 
 synar- 
 ■ thro- 
 dia. 
 
 None. 
 
 isi^ 
 
BONES 
 
 191 
 
 BONES 
 
 First Dorsal Vertebra (Lateral View). 
 Superior surface of body. 2, 2. Semilunar proc- 
 esses. 3. Articular facet for head of first rib. 
 4. Demifacet for head of second rib. 5. Supe- 
 rior articular process. 6, 6. Inferior articular 
 processes. 7. Transverse process. 8. Articular 
 facet for tubercle of first rib. 9. Spinous process. 
 
 Eleventh Dorsal Vertebra (Lateral View). 
 Articular facet for head of eleventh rib. 2. Trans- 
 verse process. 3. Superior tubercle of transverse 
 process. 4. Inferior and anterior tubercle. 5. 
 Inferior and posterior tubercle. 6. Superior artic- 
 ular process. 7. Inferior articular process. 8. 
 Spinous process. 
 
 Twelfth Dorsal Vertebra (Lateral View). 
 Articular facet for head of twelfth rib. 2. Trans- 
 verse process. 3. Superior and posterior tuber- 
 cle of transverse process. 4. Inferior and pos- 
 terior tubercle. 5. Inferior and anterior tubercle. 
 6. Superior articular process. 7, 7. Inferior ar- 
 ticular processes. 8. Spinous process. 
 
 Lumbar Vertebra (Posterosuperior View). 
 1. Anterior surface of body. 2, 2. Transverse 
 processes. 3. Spinous process. 4, 4. Superior 
 articular processes. 5, 5. Inferior articular proc- 
 esses. 
 
 Sacrum (Posterior Aspect). 
 1, 1, 1, 1. Spinous processes of sacral vertebras. 2, 2. 
 Sacral groove. 3, 3, 3, 3. Posterior sacral fora- 
 mens. 4, 4, 4, 4. Articular processes, united. 
 S. 5. 5» 5- Transverse processes. 6, 6. Cribriform 
 fossa. 7, 7. Auricular surface. 8, 8. Superior 
 articular processes of first sacral vertebra. 9. 
 Superior orifice of sacral canal. 10. Groove 
 representing inferior orifice, n, n. Cornua. 12. 
 Apex. 
 
 Sacrum (Anterior Aspect). 
 ,i,i. Bodies of sacral vertebras with transverse 
 lines of union. 2, 2, 2, 2. Anterior sacral foramens. 
 3. Base. 4. Auricular surface of lateral aspect. 
 5. Its inferior portion. 6. Articular surface of 
 base. 7. Notch for formation of last lumbar 
 intervertebral foramen. 8. Superior articular proc- 
 ess of first sacral vertebra. 9. Apex of sacrum. 
 10. Cornu. 11. Notch for transmission of fifth 
 sacral nerve. 
 
BONES 
 
 192 
 
 BONES 
 
 i. Base. 2, 2. Cor- 
 nua. 3. Second 
 coccygeal ver- 
 tebra. 4. Third 
 coccygeal verte- 
 bra. 5. Fourth 
 coccvgeal ver- 
 tebra. 6. Fifth 
 coccygeal ver- 
 tebra. 
 
 Coccyx (Ante- 
 rior Aspect). 
 
 Parietal, Temporal, and Sphenoid Bones (Posterior Aspect). 
 1. Body of sphenoid bone. 2, 2. Sphenoid and temporal bones. 3, 3. Parietal 
 bones. 4, 4. Mastoid processes. 5, 5. Jugular fossas. 6, 6. Notches enter- 
 ing into formation of sphenoid fissures. 7, 7. Sphenoparietal sutures. 8, 
 8. Sphenotemporal sutures. 9,9. Temporoparietal sutures. 
 
 id, I5r 
 
 Occipital Bone (Postero- 
 inferior View). 
 
 1. Basilar process. 2. Fora- 
 men magnum. 3, 3. 
 Posterior condyloid fora- 
 mens. 4. Crest. 5. Ex- 
 ternal occipital protuber- 
 ance. 6, 6. Condyles. 7, 
 
 7. Jugular processes. 8, 
 
 8. Jugular fossas. 
 
 i-7. 
 
 Vertebral Column 
 (Lateral Aspect). 
 
 Cervical vertebras. 8-19. Dor- 
 sal vertebras. 20-24. Lumbar 
 vertebras. A, A. Spinous proc- 
 esses. B, B. Articular facets 
 of transverse processes of first 
 ten dorsal vertebras. C. Auric- 
 ular surface of sacrum. D. 
 Foramens in transverse processes 
 of cervical vertebras. 
 
 Nasal Bones (External Aspect). 
 1. The two nasal bones. 2, 2. 
 Superior extremity. 3, 3. Infe- 
 rior border. 4, 4. Internal bor- 
 der. 5, 5, s, 5. External border. 
 
 S^ 
 
BONES 193 BONES 
 
 Table of Bones. — {Continued.) 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 Muscular and Ligamentous 
 Attachments. 
 
 Femur [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Cylindric; longest, largest, 
 and strongest bone in the 
 body; shaft and two ex- 
 tremities, head, neck, 
 greater and lesser trochan- 
 ters, linea aspera, condyles; 
 a long bone. 
 
 Os coxae — enarthrodia. 
 Tibia — ginglymus. 
 Patella — arthrodia. 
 
 Gluteus medius, gluteus mini- 
 mus, pyriformis, obturator inter- 
 nus, obturator externus, gemel- 
 lus superior, gemellus inferior, 
 quadratus femoris, psoas mag- 
 nus, iliacus, vastus externus, glu- 
 teus maximus, short head of the 
 biceps, vastus internus, adductor 
 magnus, pectineus, adductor 
 brevis, adductor longus, crureus, 
 subcrureus, gastrocnemius, plan- 
 taris, popliteus. 
 
 Fibula [B.N. A.]. 
 
 Long bone; shaft, upper ex- 
 tremity or head, lower ex- 
 tremity or external malleo- 
 lus. 
 
 Tibia — arthrodia. 
 Talus, with the tibia and 
 fibula — ginglymus. 
 
 Biceps, soleus, peroneus longus, 
 extensor longus digitorum, pero- 
 neus tertius, extensor proprius 
 pollicis, tibialis posticus, flexor 
 longus pollicis, peroneus brevis. 
 
 Foot. 
 
 Composed of tarsus, meta- 
 tarsus, and phalanges (q. v.). 
 
 
 
 Frontale (os) [B. N. A.] 
 (frontal). 
 
 The forehead bone; a flat 
 bone; a frontal portion and 
 an orbitonasal portion; 
 frontal eminences, supercil- 
 iary ridges, supraorbital 
 arches, supraorbital 
 notches or foramens, in- 
 ternal and external angular 
 processes, temporal ridges, 
 nasal notch, nasal spine, 
 nasal eminence or glabella. 
 
 Two parietal, 
 Sphenoid, 
 Ethmoid, 
 Two nasal, 
 Two maxillary, 
 Two lacrimal, 
 Ossa zygomatica, 
 
 synar- 
 
 ■ thro- 
 
 dia. 
 
 Corru gator supercilii, orbicularis 
 palpebrarum, and temporal on 
 each side. 
 
 Hamatum (os) [B. N. A.] 
 (unciform) . 
 
 Wedge-shaped; hook-like 
 process; in lower row of 
 carpus; short bone. 
 
 Os lunatum, 
 
 Fourth and fifth 1 thrQ _ 
 
 metacarpal, ^ 
 Os tnquetrum, 
 Os capitatum, J 
 
 Flexor brevis minimi digiti, flexor 
 ossis metacarpi minimi digiti, 
 anterior annular ligament. 
 
 Hand. 
 
 Composed of carpus, meta- 
 carpus, and phalanges (q. v.). 
 
 
 
 Humerus [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Largest bone of upper ex- 
 tremity; long bone; a shaft 
 'and two extremities." Up- 
 per extremity presents a 
 head, neck, and greater and 
 lesser tuberosities. Lower 
 extremity, trochlea, olecra- 
 non fossa, coronoid fossa, 
 external and internal con- 
 dyles, supratrochlear fora- 
 men, supracondyloid ridges. 
 
 Scapula (glenoid cavity) — 
 enarthrodia. 
 
 Radius, } ginglymus. 
 
 Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, 
 teres minor, subscapularis, pec- 
 toralis major, latissimus dorsi, 
 deltoid, coracobrachialis, brachi- 
 alis anticus, triceps, subanco- 
 neus, pronator radii teres, flexor 
 carpi radialis, palmaris longus, 
 flexor digitorum sublimis, flexor 
 carpi ulnaris, supinator longus, 
 extensor carpi radialis longior, 
 extensor carpi radialis brevior, 
 extensor communis digitorum, 
 extensor minimi digiti, extensor 
 carpi ulnaris, supinator brevis, 
 and anconeus. 
 
 Hyoideum (os) [B. N. 
 A.] (hyoid). 
 
 A bony arch; irregular bone; 
 a body, two greater and two 
 lesser cornua. 
 
 None. 
 
 Sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, omo- 
 hyoid, digastricus, stylohyoid, 
 mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genio- 
 hyoglossus, hyoglossus, middle 
 constrictor of the pharynx. 
 
 Ilium (os) [B. N. A.], 
 (ilium). 
 
 See Coxa (os). 
 
 
 
 Incus [B. N. A.] (anvil). 
 
 Resembles a bicuspid tooth 
 with two roots, body, and 
 two processes. The larg- 
 est bone in the ear. 
 
 Malleus — arthrodia (trigger- 
 joint). 
 Stapes — arthrodia. 
 
 None. 
 
 Inferior Maxillary. 
 
 See M andibula. 
 
 
 
 Inferior Turbinated. 
 
 See Concha nasalis inferior. 
 
 
 
 Innominate. 
 
 See Coxa (os). 
 
 
 
 14 
 
BONES 194 BONES 
 
 Table of Bones. — (Continued.) 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 Muscular and Ligamentous 
 
 Attachments. 
 
 Ischii (os) [B. N. A.] 
 
 See Coxa (os). 
 
 
 
 (ischium). 
 
 
 
 
 Lacrimale (os) [B. N. A.] 
 
 Small; situated at front part 
 
 Frontal, "] 
 
 
 Tensor tarsi. 
 
 (lacrimal). 
 
 of inner wall of orbit; re- 
 
 Ethmoid, 
 
 
 
 
 sembles finger-nail; crest, 
 lacrimal groove; flat bone. 
 
 Superior 
 maxillary, 
 
 Inferior 
 turbinated, 
 
 ■ synarthrodia. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lingual. 
 
 See Hyoideum (os). 
 
 
 
 Lunatum (os) [B. N. A.] 
 
 Upper row of carpus; four 
 
 Radius — condyloid. 
 
 
 (semilunar). 
 
 surfaces, crescentic outline. 
 
 Os capitatum, ] 
 Os hamatum, 
 
 Os triquetrum, > arthrodia. 
 Os naviculare 
 manus, J 
 
 
 Magnum (os). 
 
 See Capitatum (os). 
 
 
 
 Malar. 
 
 See Zygomaticum (os).' 
 
 
 
 Malleus. 
 
 Resembles a hammer; head, 
 
 Incus — arthrodia (trigger- 
 
 Tensor tympani 
 
 
 neck, handle or manubrium, 
 
 joint). 
 
 
 
 processus gracilis, proces- 
 
 
 
 
 sus brevis; irregular. The 
 
 
 
 
 second largest bone of the 
 ear. 
 
 
 
 Mandibula [B. N. A.] 
 
 Body and two rami; contains 
 
 The two temporal bones — 
 bilateral condyloid — diarth- 
 
 Levator menti, depressor labii in- 
 
 (inferior maxillary; 
 
 the teeth of the lower jaw; 
 
 ferioris, depressor anguli oris, 
 
 mandible). 
 
 symphysis, mental process, 
 
 rodia. 
 
 platysma myoides, buccinator, 
 
 
 mental foramen, coronoid 
 
 
 masseter, orbicularis oris, genio- 
 
 
 and condyloid process, 
 
 
 hyoglossus, geniohyoideus, my- 
 
 
 head, neck, sigmoid notch; 
 
 
 lohyoideus, digastric, superior 
 
 
 irregular bone. 
 
 
 constrictor, temporal, internal 
 pterygoid, external pterygoid. 
 
 Maxilla [B. N. A.] (su- 
 
 Forms with its fellow the 
 
 Frontal, 
 
 
 Orbicularis palpebrarum, obli- 
 
 perior maxillary). 
 
 whole of the upper jaw; 
 
 Ethmoid, 
 
 
 quus inferior oculi, levator labii 
 
 
 somewhat cuboidal ; body 
 
 Nasal, 
 
 
 superioris alaeque nasi, levator 
 
 
 and malar, nasal, alveolar 
 
 Os zygomati- 
 
 
 labii superioris proprius, levator 
 
 
 and palatine processes; hol- 
 
 cum, 
 
 
 anguli oris, compressor nasi, 
 
 
 low (the antrum of High- 
 
 Lacrimal, 
 
 synar- 
 
 depressor alae nasi, dilator naris 
 
 
 more or maxillary sinus), 
 
 Concha nasalis 
 
 throdia. 
 
 posterior, masseter, buccinator, 
 
 
 incisive or myrtiform fossa, 
 
 inferior, 
 
 
 internal pterygoid, orbicularis 
 
 
 canine fossa, canine emi- 
 
 Palate, 
 
 
 oris. 
 
 
 nence, infraorbital fora- 
 
 Vomer, 
 
 
 
 
 men, posterior dental ca- 
 
 Fellow of oppo- 
 
 
 
 
 nals, maxillary tuberosity, 
 
 site side, 
 
 
 
 
 posterior palatine canal, 
 
 
 
 
 infraorbital groove; irregu- 
 
 
 
 
 lar bone. 
 
 
 
 Metacarpalia (ossa) [B. 
 
 Five in number; shaft, base, 
 
 Second row of carpus — ar- 
 
 To the thumb — flexor and exten- 
 
 N. A.] (metacarpal). 
 
 arid head; long bones. 
 
 throdia. 
 
 sor ossis metacarpi pollicis, first 
 
 
 • 
 
 Phalanges — condyloid. 
 
 dorsal interosseous. 
 
 Second metacarpal bone — flexor 
 carpi radialis, extensor carpi 
 radialis longior, first and second 
 dorsal interosseous, first palmar 
 interosseous, flexor brevis polli- 
 cis (frequently). 
 
 Third metacarpal — extensor carpi 
 radialis brevior, flexor brevis 
 pollicis, adductor pollicis, second 
 and third dorsal interosseous. 
 
 Fourth metacarpal — third and 
 fourth dorsal and second palmar 
 interosseous. 
 
 Fifth metacarpal — extensor carpi 
 ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris, 
 flexor ossis metacarpi minimi 
 digiti, fourth dorsal, and third 
 palmar interosseous. 
 
BONES 
 
 195 
 
 BONES 
 
 Lacrimal Bone. 
 (External Aspect). 
 
 i. Vertical crest, dividing external 
 surface into two parts. 2. Spine, 
 in which crest terminates. 3. 
 Sulcus contributing to the forma- 
 tion of lacrimal canal. 4. Con- 
 tinuation of preceding, contribut- 
 ing to formation of nasal canal. 5. 
 Posterior division of external sur- 
 face, contributing to formation of 
 orbit. 6, 6. Anterior border. 7, 
 7. Posterior border. 8. Superior 
 extremity. 9. Portion of inferior 
 border that articulates with lacri- 
 mal process of inferior turbinated 
 bone. 10. Portion that articu- 
 lates with orbital plate of superior 
 maxillary bone. 
 
 Malar Bone (External Aspect). 
 Orifice for malar nerve. 2, 2. Superior or orbital 
 border. 3, 3. Inferior or zygomatic border. 4, 
 4. Posterior or temporal border. 5, 5. Anterior 
 or maxillary border. 6. Superior angle. 7. In- 
 ferior angle. 8. Anterior angle. 9. Posterior angle. 
 
 Palate Bone (External Aspect). 
 External surface of orbital process. 2. Superior 
 or orbital surface. 3. Anterior or maxillary sur- 
 face. _ 4. Notch forming greater part of spheno- 
 palatine foramen. 5. Sphenoid process. 6. 
 Groove entering into formation of posterior pala- 
 tine canal. 7. Surface that enters into the forma- 
 tion of base of maxillary sinus. 8. External 
 surface of pterygoid process. 9. Groove to receive 
 posterior border of internal plate of pterygoid 
 process. 
 
 Inferior Turbinated Bone (Internal or Convex 
 Aspect). 
 
 1. Anteroposterior ridge, dividing the internal sur- 
 face into two almost equal parts. 2, 2. Inferior 
 border. 3, 3. Anterior portion of superior border, 
 articulating with nasal process of superior maxil- 
 lary bone. 4. Lacrimal process. 5. Ethmoid 
 process. 6. Portion of superior border that 
 articulates with palate bone. 7. Anterior extrem- 
 ity, 8. Posterior extremity, 
 
 Anterior aspect of pyramidal process, or canine fossa. 2. Incisive 
 or myrtiform fossa. 3. Infraorbital foramen. 4. Summit of 
 pyramidal process, or malar process. 5. Posterior aspect of pyram- 
 idal process. 6. Inferior border of pyramidal process. 7. Pos- 
 terior border, or maxillary tuberosity. 8. Nasal process. 9. Pos- 
 terior border, grooved for lacrimal duct. 10. Anterior nasal spine. 
 11. Infraorbital groove. 12. Summit of nasal process. 13. Pos- 
 terior and superior angle. 14. Superior border. 15. Anterior 
 border of nasal process. 16. Notch for anterior opening of nasal 
 
 Superior Maxillary Bone (External Aspect). 
 
BONES 
 
 196 
 
 BONES 
 
 Inferior Maxillary BoNE"(External Aspect). 
 Body of bone and external oblique line. 2. Ramus. 
 3. Symphysis. 4. Incisive fossa. 5. Mental fora- 
 men. 6. Depression in inferior border for attach- 
 ment of digastric muscle. 7. Depression for 
 passage of facial artery. 8. Angle of jaw. 9. 
 Posterior extremity of internal oblique line. 10. 
 Coronoid process, n. Condyle. 12. Sigmoid 
 notch. 13. Origin of inferior dental canal. 14. 
 Mylohyoid groove. 15. Alveolar border, a. In- 
 cisors, b. Bicuspids, c. Canines, m. Molars. 
 
 Hyoid Bone (Anterior Aspect). 
 1,1. Anterior or convex surface of body. 2,2. Greater 
 cornua. 3, 3- Junction of greater cornua with 
 body. 4, 4. Lesser cornua. 
 
 Lateral Aspect of Skull. 
 Frontal bone. 2. Parietal bone. 3. Occipital bone. 4. Temporal bone. 5. Greater wing of sphenoid bone. 6. 
 Lambdoid suture. 7. Occipitoparietal suture. 8. Squamoparietal suture. 9. Mastoparietal suture. 10. Spheno- 
 parietal suture, n. Sphenotemporal suture. 12. Sphenofrontal suture. 13, 13. Temporal ridge. 14. Malar 
 bone. 15. Frontomalar suture. 16. Malotemporal suture. 17. Malomaxillary suture. 18. Superior maxillary 
 bone. 19. Infraorbital foramen. 20. Nasal bone. 21. Nasomaxillary suture. 22. Nasofrontal suture. 23. 
 Lacrimal groove, at the bottom of which may be seen the suture between the lacrimal and the superior maxillary 
 bones. 24. Nasal eminence. 25. Inferior maxillary bone. 26. Mental foramen. 27. Angle of lower jaw. 28. 
 Coronoid process. 29. Condyle. 30. Neck of condyle. 31. External auditory canal. 32. Styloid process; 33. 
 Mastoid process. 34.JMastooccipital suture. 
 
BONES 197 
 
 Table of Bones. — {Continued.) 
 
 BONES 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 Muscular and Ligamentous 
 Attachments. 
 
 Metatarsalia (ossa) [B 
 N. A.] (metatarsal). 
 
 Five in number; shaft, hi 
 and head; long bones. 
 
 Tarsus — arthrodia . 
 Phalanges — condyloid. 
 
 First — tibialis anticus (part), per- 
 oneus longus, first dorsal inter- 
 osseous. 
 
 Second — adductor pollicis, first 
 and second dorsal interosseous, 
 tibialis posticus (part). 
 
 Third — adductor pollicis, second 
 and third dorsal and first plan- 
 tar interosseous, tibialis posticus 
 (part). 
 
 Fourth — adductor pollicis, third 
 and fourth dorsal and second 
 plantar interosseous, tibialis pos- 
 ticus (part). 
 
 Fifth — peroneus brevis, peroneus 
 tertius, flexor brevis minimi 
 digiti, transversus pedis, fourth 
 dorsal, and third plantar inter- 
 osseous. 
 
 Multangulum ma jus [B. 
 N. A.] (trapezium). 
 
 In lower row of carpus; very 
 irregular; six surfaces, 
 groove; short bone. 
 
 Os naviculare ~| 
 
 manus, 
 Multangulum 
 
 minus, 
 First and second 
 
 metacarpal, J 
 
 arthro- 
 dia. 
 
 Adductor pollicis, flexor ossis 
 metacarpi pollicis, flexor brevis 
 pollicis (part). 
 
 Multangulum minus [B. 
 N. A.] (trapezoid). 
 
 Smallest bone in second row 
 of carpus; wedge-shaped; 
 six surfaces; short bone. 
 
 Os naviculare 
 manus, 
 
 Second metacar- 
 pal, 
 
 Multangulum 
 majus, 
 
 Os capitatum, 
 
 Flexor brevis pollicis (part). 
 
 arthro- 
 dia. 
 
 Nasale (os) [B. N. A.] 
 (nasal). 
 
 Oblong; forms with its fellow 
 the bridge of the nose; nasal 
 foramen, spine, crest; fiat 
 bone. 
 
 Frontal, 
 
 Ethmoid, 
 
 Nasal (opposite), 
 
 Maxillary, 
 
 synar- 
 throdia 
 
 Naviculare (os) manus 
 [B. N. A.] (scaphoid of 
 wrist). 
 
 Largest bone of first row; 
 boat-shaped; upper and 
 outer part of carpus; four 
 surfaces; tubercle; short 
 bone. 
 
 Radius — condyloid. 
 Multangulum 
 
 majus, 
 Multangulum 
 
 minus, 
 Os capitatum, 
 Os lunatum, 
 
 External lateral ligament of wrist. 
 
 arthrodia. 
 
 Naviculare (os) pedis [B. 
 N. A.] (scaphoid of 
 ankle). 
 
 Or navicular bone; boat- 
 shaped; inner side of tarsus, 
 four surfaces, tuberosity ; 
 short bone. 
 
 Talus, 
 Cuneiform 
 
 (three), 
 Cuboid (occa 
 
 sionally), J 
 
 Tibialis posticus (part). 
 
 arthrodia. 
 
 Occipitale (os) [B. N. A.] 
 (occipital). 
 
 Back part and base of cran- 
 ium; trapezoid in shape; 
 outer and inner tables; ex- 
 ternal protuberance, exter- 
 nal occipital crest, superior 
 and inferior curved lines, 
 foramen magnum, condyles, 
 jugular process, anterior 
 and posterior condyloid 
 foramens, basilar process, 
 pharyngeal spine, 4 fossas 
 on internal surface, internal 
 occipital protuberance and 
 crest, grooves for the cere- 
 bral sinuses, torcular hero- 
 phili, jugular foramen; flat 
 bone. 
 
 Parietal ~| 
 
 (two), 
 Temporal )■ synarthrodia. 
 
 (two), 
 Sphenoid, J 
 Adas — double arthrodia. 
 
 Twelve pairs — occipitofrontalis, 
 trapezius, sternomastoid, com- 
 plexus, bi venter cervicis, splen- 
 ius capitis, superior oblique, 
 rectus capitis posticus, major 
 and minor, rectus lateralis, 
 rectus capitis anticus, major and 
 minor, superior constrictor of 
 the pharynx. 
 
 Palatinum (os) [B. N. A.] 
 (palate). 
 
 Back part of nasal fossa; 
 helps to form floor and 
 outer wall of nose, the roof 
 of mouth and floor of orbit, 
 also sphenomaxillary and 
 pterygoid fossas and the 
 sphenomaxillary fissure; Lr 
 shaped; inferior or horizon- 
 tal plate, superior or verti- 
 
 Sphenoid, 
 Ethmoid, 
 Maxillary, 
 Concha nasalis 
 inferior, 
 Vomer, 
 Opposite palate, 
 
 synar- 
 throdia. 
 
 Tensor palati, azygos uvula?, in- 
 ternal and external pterygoid, 
 superior constrictor of pharynx. 
 
BONES 198 
 
 Table of Bones. — {Continued.) 
 
 BONES 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 Muscular and Ligamentous 
 Attachments. 
 
 Palatinum (continued). 
 
 cal plate, posterior palatine 
 canal, posterior nasal spine, 
 inferior and superior turbi- 
 nated crests, maxillary pro- 
 cess, pterygoid process, ac- 
 cessory descending palatine 
 canals, orbital process, 
 sphenoid process, spheno- 
 palatine foramen. 
 
 Parietale (os) [B. N. A.] 
 (parietal). 
 
 Form sides and roof of skull; 
 irregular, quadrilateral; two 
 surfaces, four borders, four 
 angles, parietal eminence, 
 temporal ridge, parietal for- 
 amen, furrows for cerebral 
 sinuses, depressions for pac- 
 chionian bodies: flat bone. 
 
 Opposite 
 parietal, 
 Occipital, 
 Frontal, 
 Temporal, 
 Sphenoid, 
 
 Temporal. 
 
 - synarthrodia. 
 
 Patella [B.N. A.]. 
 
 Flat; triangular; sesamoid; 
 anterior part of knee-joint; 
 two surfaces, three borders, 
 apex; flat bone. 
 
 Condyles of femur — partly 
 arthrodial. 
 
 Rectus, crureus, vastus internus, 
 vastus externus. 
 
 Pelvis. 
 
 Composed of two ossa coxae, 
 os sacrum, and os coccygis 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Phalanges digitorum pe- 
 dis [B. N. A.] (phalanges 
 of foot). 
 
 Two of great toe, three of 
 each of the others; shaft, 
 base, head; long bones. 
 
 First row with metatarsal 
 
 and second phalanges — 
 
 condyloid. 
 Second of great 
 
 toe with first 
 
 phalanx; of 
 
 other toes, with I gingly- 
 
 first and third |. mus. 
 
 phalanges, 
 Third row with 
 
 second row, 
 
 First — great toe — inner tendon ex- 
 tensor brevis digitorum, abduc- 
 tor pollicis, adductor pollicis, 
 flexor brevis pollicis, transversus 
 pedis. 
 
 Second toe — first and second dor- 
 sal interosseous, first lumbrical. 
 
 Third toe — third dorsal and first 
 plantar interosseous, second 
 lumbrical. 
 
 Fourth toe — fourth dorsal and 
 second plantar interosseous, 
 third lumbrical. 
 
 Fifth toe — flexor brevis minimi 
 digiti, abductor minimi digiti, 
 third plantar interosseous, fourth 
 lumbrical. 
 
 Second — great toe — extensor lon- 
 gus pollicis, flexor longus polli- 
 cis. 
 
 Other toes — flexor brevis digitor- 
 um, one slip of common tendon 
 of extensor longus and brevis 
 digitorum. 
 
 Third — two slips from the com- 
 mon tendon of the extensor 
 longus and extensor brevis digi- 
 torum, and flexor longus digi- 
 torum. 
 
 Phalanges digitorum 
 manus [B. N. A.] (pha- 
 langes of hand). 
 
 Fourteen in number, three 
 for each finger and two for 
 thumb; shaft, head, base; 
 long bones. 
 
 First row with metacarpal 
 bones and second row of 
 phalanges — condyloid. 
 
 Second row with 1 
 
 rows ^ thIrd ***** 
 Third' row with [ mm - 
 second row, j 
 
 Thumb — extensor primi interno- 
 dii pollicis, flexor brevis pollicis, 
 abductor pollicis, adductor pol- 
 licis, flexor longus pollicis, ex- 
 tensor secundi internodii. 
 
 First — index-finger — first dorsal 
 and first palmar interosseous.^ 
 
 Middle finger — second and third 
 dorsal interosseous. 
 
 Ring finger — fourth dorsal and 
 second palmar interosseous. 
 
 Little finger — third palmar inter- 
 osseous, flexor brevis minimi 
 digiti, abductor minimi digiti. 
 
 Second — to all — flexor sublimis 
 digitorum and extensor com- 
 munis digitorum; in addition. _ 
 
 To index-finger — extensor indicis ; 
 
 To little finger — extensor minimi 
 digiti. 
 
 Third — flexor profundus^ digi- 
 torum, extensor communis digi- 
 torum. 
 
BONES 
 
 199 
 
 BONES 
 
 Base of Skull. 
 Median suture of palatine vault. 2. Inferior orifice of anterior palatine canal. 3, 3. Inferior openings of posterior 
 palatine canals. 4. Posterior border of palatine vault; posterior nasal spine. 5. Posterior border of nasal septum. 
 6. Hamular process of internal pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone. 7. Internal pterygoid plate. 8. External pterygoid 
 plate. 9. Scaphoid fossa. 10. Oval or inferior maxillary foramen. 11. Foramen spinosum. 12. Foramen 
 lacerum medium. 13. Zygomatic arch. 14. Sphenooccipital suture. 15. Glenoid cavity. 16. External auditory 
 canal. 17. Mastoid process. 18, 18. Styloid process and stylomastoid foramen. 19. Inferior orifice of carotid 
 canal. 20. Foramen lacerum posterius. 21,21. Occipital condyles. 22. Basilar process. 23. Foramen magnum. 
 24. External occipital crest. 25, 25. Inferior curved lines of occipital bone. 
 
 The Orbital Cavities. 
 Anterior opening of the nasal fossa. 
 2. Anterior extremity of inferior 
 turbinated bone. _ 3. Malar bone. 
 4, 4. Orbital cavities. 5. Lacrimal 
 canal. 6. Os planum of ethmoid. 
 7. Optic foramen. 8. Sphenoid 
 fissure. 9. Sphenomaxillary fissure. 
 10. Great wing of sphenoid. 1.1. 
 Squamous portion of temporal. 12. 
 Anteroinferior angle of parietal. _ 13- 
 Portion of frontal entering into 
 formation of temporal fossa. 14. 
 Mastoid process. 15. Styloid proc- 
 ess. 
 
BONES 
 
 200 
 
 BONES 
 
 Clavicle (Inferior Aspect). 
 Longitudinal depression for insertion of subclavius 
 muscle. 2. Rough impression for attachment of 
 costoclavicular ligament. 3, 3. For attachment 
 of coracoclavicular ligaments. 4, 4. Posterior 
 border. 5, 5. Anterior border. 6. Facet for ar- 
 ticulation with sternum. 7. Facet for articulation 
 with acromion. 
 
 Thorax (Anterior View). 
 Manubrium sterni. 2. Gladiolus. 3. Ensiform 
 cartilage or xiphoid appendix. 4. Circumfer- 
 ence of apex of thorax. 5. Circumference of base. 
 6. First rib. 7. Second rib. 8, 8. Third, fourth, 
 fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs. 9. Eighth, ninth, 
 and tenth ribs. 10. Eleventh and twelfth ribs. 
 11, 11. Costal cartilages. 
 
 Ribs of Left Side 
 (Posterior Aspect). 
 2. Anterior extremities 
 of 12 ribs of left side. 
 13, 13. Internal sur- 
 face. 14, 14. External 
 surface. 15. Head of 
 first rib. 16. Head of 
 second rib. 17. Head 
 of third rib. 18, 18. 
 Heads of ribs from 
 fourth to ninth. 19. 
 Head of tenth rib. 20, 
 
 20. Heads of eleventh 
 and twelfth ribs. 21, 
 
 21. Necks of ribs. 22. 
 Tubercle of first rib. 
 
 23. Articular facet of 
 tubercle of second rib. 
 
 24, 24. Articular facets 
 of tubercles of ribs 
 from third to ninth. 
 
 25. Articular facet for 
 tubercle of tenth rib. 
 
 26, 26. Angles of ribs. 
 
 Scapula (Posteroexternal Aspect). 
 Supraspinous fossa. 2. Infraspinous 
 fossa. 3. Superior or coracoid bor- 
 der. 4. Coracoid or suprascapular 
 notch. 5. Axillary or external bor- 
 der. 6. Anterior angle and glenoid 
 cavity. 7. Inferior angle. 8. Rough 
 impression for long head of triceps. 
 9. Internal or spinal or vertebral bor- 
 der. 10. Spine. 11. Smooth surface 
 over which trapezius muscle glides. 
 12. Acromion. 13. Base of spine. 
 14. Coracoid process. 
 
BONES 
 
 201 
 
 BONES 
 
 Table of Bones. — {Continued.) 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 Muscular and Ligamentous 
 Attachments. 
 
 Pisiforme (os) [B.N. A.] 
 (pisiform). 
 
 Anterior and inner side of 
 carpus; small; spheric; 
 one articular facet; short 
 bone. 
 
 Os triquetrum — arihrodia. 
 
 Flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor 
 minimi digiti, anterior annular 
 ligament. 
 
 Pubis. 
 
 See Coxa (os). 
 
 
 
 Pvramidale (os). 
 
 See Triquetrum (os). 
 
 
 
 Radius [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Outer side of forearm; shaft, 
 head, neck, tuberosity, 
 lower extremity, oblique 
 line, sigmoid cavity, styloid 
 process. 
 
 Humerus — ginglymus. 
 
 f superior — diarthro- 
 dia rotatoria. 
 TT1 middle — membran- 
 mna ' ous. 
 
 inferior — diarthro- 
 [ dia rotatoria. 
 Os lunatum — condyloid. 
 
 Biceps, _ supinator brevis, flexor 
 sublimis digitorum, flexor longus 
 pollicis, pronator quadratus, ex- 
 tensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, 
 extensor primi internodii pollicis, 
 pronator radii teres, supinator 
 longus. 
 
 Ribs. 
 
 See Costa. 
 
 
 
 Sacrum (os) [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Large triangular bone at 
 lower part of vertebral col- 
 umn and upper and back 
 part of pelvic cavity; com- 
 posed of five vertebras; base, 
 promontory, four surfaces, 
 apex, central canal, anterior 
 and posterior sacral fora- 
 mens, lateral masses, lami- 
 nas, articular processes, 
 sacral cornua, transverse 
 processes, sacral groove, 
 ala; irregular bone. 
 
 Last lumbar "] 
 
 Ossa coxae 
 (two), J 
 
 Pyriformis, coccygeus, iliacus, 
 gluteus maximus, latissimus 
 dorsi, multifidus spina?, erector 
 spina;, extensor coccygis. 
 
 Scaphoid of Carpus. 
 
 See Naviculare (os) matins. 
 
 
 
 Scaphoid of Tarsus. 
 
 See Naviculare (os) pedis. 
 
 
 
 Scapula[B.N.A.]. 
 
 Back part of shoulder; trian- 
 gular; posterior aspect and 
 side of thorax; two surfaces, 
 three borders, three angles, 
 subscapular fossa, subscap- 
 ular angle, dorsum, spine, 
 supraspinous and infraspi- 
 nous fossas, acromion pro- 
 cess, glenoid cavity, neck, 
 head, coracoid process; flat 
 bone. 
 
 Humerus — enartkrodia. 
 Clavicle — arthrodia. 
 
 Subscapulars, supraspinatus, in- 
 fraspinatus, trapezius, deltoid, 
 omohyoid, serratus magnus, lev- 
 ator anguli scapulae, rhomboi- 
 deus major and minor, triceps, 
 teres major and minor, biceps, 
 coracobrachialis, pectoralis min- 
 or, platysma, latissimus dorsi. 
 
 Semilunar. 
 
 See Lunatum (os). 
 
 
 
 Sesamoid [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Small, rounded masses, car- 
 tilaginous in early life, osse- 
 ous in the adult; developed 
 in tendons; inconstant, ex- 
 cept patellas. 
 
 
 
 Sphenoidale (os) [B. N. 
 A.] (sphenoid). 
 
 Anterior part of base of skull; 
 bat-shaped, with wings ex- 
 tended; body, two greater 
 and two lesser wings, two 
 pterygoid processes, eth- 
 moid spine, optic groove, 
 optic foramen, olivary pro- 
 cess, pituitary fossa, anter- 
 ior, middle, and posterior 
 clinoid processes, sella tur- 
 cica, carotid or cavernous 
 groove, lingula, ethmoid 
 crest, sphenoid cells or 
 sinuses, sphenoid turbi- 
 nated bones, rostrum, vagi- 
 nal processes, pterygopala- 
 tine canal, spinous pro- 
 cesses, round foramen, oval 
 foramen, foramen vesalii, 
 foramen spinosum, ptery- 
 goid ridge, external orbital 
 foramens, vidian canal, 
 pterygoid fossa, internal 
 and external pterygoid 
 plates, hamular process, 
 scaphoid fossa. 
 
 All the bones of "] 
 
 Malabo), I *-»» 
 Palate (two), | dm - 
 Vomer, J 
 
 Temporal, external and internal 
 pterygoids, superior constrictor, 
 tensor palati, levator tympani 
 levator palpebral, obliquus su- 
 perior, superior, inferior, inter- 
 nal and external recti. 
 
BONES 202 
 
 Table of Bones. — (Continued.) 
 
 BONES 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 Muscular and Ligamentous 
 Attachments. 
 
 Sphenoid Turbinated or 
 Sphenoid Spongy Bones. 
 
 Situated at anterior and in- 
 ferior part of body of sphe- 
 noid - , exist as separate 
 pieces until puberty and 
 occasionally are not joined 
 in the adult. 
 
 f^} synarthrodia. 
 
 None. 
 
 Stapes [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Resembles a stirrup; one of 
 the ossicles of the tympa- 
 num; head, neck, two 
 branches (crura), base; ir- 
 regular bone. 
 
 Incus — arthrodia. 
 
 Stapedius. 
 
 Sternum [B. N. A.]. 
 
 The breast-bone; manu- 
 brium, gladiolus, ensiform 
 cartilage, or first, second, 
 and third pieces, anterior 
 and posterior surface, bor- 
 ders. 
 
 Clavicles (two) — arthrodia. 
 
 Costal cartilages (seven on 
 each side) first — synarthro- 
 dia; others, arthrodia. 
 
 Pectoralis major, sternomas- 
 toid, sternohyoid, sternothy- 
 roid, triangularis sterni, apo- 
 neuroses of the obliquus and 
 internus and transversalis mus- 
 cles, rectus, diaphragm. 
 
 Superior maxillary. 
 
 See Maxilla. 
 
 
 
 Talus [B. N. A.] (astra- 
 galus). 
 
 Irregularly cubic; forms the 
 keystone of arch of foot; 
 head, neck, six articular 
 surfaces. 
 
 Fibula, }singlymus. 
 Calcaneus, ^ 
 Os naviculare > arthrodia. 
 pedis, J 
 
 Internal and external lateral liga- 
 ments. 
 
 Tarsus[B.N.A.](ankle). 
 
 Consist of calcaneus, or os 
 calcis, talus, cuboid, navic- 
 ular, internal, middle, and 
 external cuneiform. See 
 individual bones. 
 
 
 
 Temporale (os) [B. N. A.] 
 (temporal). 
 
 Situated at side and base of 
 skull; squamous, mastoid 
 and petrous portions, tem- 
 poral ridge, zygoma or zy- 
 gomatic process, eminentia 
 articularis, glaserian fis- 
 sure, tubercle, glenoid fossa, 
 postglenoid process, tym- 
 panic plate, mastoid fora- 
 men, digastric fossa, occi- 
 pital groove, sigmoid fossa, 
 mastoid cells, meatus audi- 
 torius externus, hiatus fallo- 
 pii, meatus auditorius in- 
 ternus, lamina cribrosa, 
 aquaeductus vestibuli, sty- 
 loid process, stylomastoid 
 foramen, auricular fissure; 
 irregular bone. 
 
 Occipital, 
 Parietal, 
 Sphenoid, 
 Inferior maxil- 
 lary, 
 Malar, 
 
 synarthro- 
 dia. 
 
 Temporal, masseter, occipito- 
 frontalis, sternomastoid, splen- 
 ius capitis, trachelomastoid, 
 digastricus, retrahens aurem, 
 stylopharyngeus, stylohyoideus, 
 styloglossus, levator palati, ten- 
 sor tympani, tensor palati, sta- 
 pedius. 
 
 Tibia [B. N. A.]. 
 
 At front and inner side of 
 leg; next to femur in length 
 and size; prismoid in form; 
 upper extremity or head, 
 tuberosities, spinous pro- 
 cess, tubercle, popliteal 
 notch, shaft, crest (the shin), 
 oblique line, internal malle- 
 olus; long bone. 
 
 Femur — 
 
 Fibula, • 
 
 Talus w 
 mus. 
 
 ginglymus. 
 superior — arthro- 
 dia. 
 middle — mem- 
 branous. 
 inferior — arthro- 
 . dia. 
 ith fibula — gingly- 
 
 Semimembranosus, tibialis anti- 
 cus, extensor longus digitorum, 
 biceps, sartorius, gracilis, semi- 
 tendinosus, tibialis anticus, pop- 
 liteus, soleus, flexor longus digi- 
 torum, tibialis posticus, liga- 
 mentum patellae. 
 
 Trapezium. 
 
 See Multangulum majus. 
 
 
 
 Trapezoid. 
 
 See Multangulum minus. 
 
 
 
 Triquetral. 
 
 See Wormian. 
 
 
 
 Triquetrum (os) [B. N. 
 A.] (cuneiform of car- 
 pus). 
 
 Pyramidal. 
 
 Os lunatum, "] 
 Pisiform, 
 
 Os hamatum, > arthrodia. 
 Interarticular 
 fibrocartilage. J 
 
 
 Turbinate, Inferior. 
 Turbinate, Middle. 
 
 Turbinate, Superior. 
 
 See Concha nasalis inferior.^ 
 The free convoluted margin 
 of the thin lamella that de- 
 scends from the under sur- 
 face of the cribriform plate 
 of the ethmoid bone. 
 The thin curved plate of the 
 ethmoid that bounds the 
 superior meatus of the nose 
 above. 
 
 
 
BONES 
 
 203 
 
 BONES 
 
 ex- 
 of 
 F. 
 
 Bones of Car- 
 pus (Dorsal 
 Aspect). 
 
 R. Inferior ex- 
 tremity of 
 radius. U. 
 Inferior 
 tremity 
 ulna. 
 Interarticu- 
 lar f i b r o- 
 cartilage. S. 
 Scaphoid. L. 
 Semilunar. 
 C. Cunei- 
 form. P. 
 Pisiform . T. 
 Trapezium. 
 T. Trape- 
 zoid. M. 
 Os magnum. 
 
 U. Unciform. The numbers upon these bones 
 indicate the number of others with which each 
 articulates, i, 2, 3, 4, 5. Proximal extremities 
 of first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal 
 bones. 
 
 Foot (Plantar Aspect). 
 Inferior surface of calcaneum. 2. Inner tuber- 
 osity. 3. Outer tuberosity. 4. Angular depres- 
 sion between these tuberosities. 5. Inferior por- 
 tion of head of astragalus. 6. Plantar surface of 
 cuboid, for attachment of inferior calcaneocuboid 
 ligament. 7. Tuberosity of cuboid. 8. Scaphoid. 
 9. Tuberosity of scaphoid. 10. Inferior portion 
 of internal cuneiform, n. Apex of . middle cunei- 
 form. 12. Apex of internal cuneiform. 13, 14, 
 15, 16, 17. First, second, third, fourth, and fifth 
 metatarsal bones. 18. Tuberosity of fifth metatar- 
 sal bone. 19. Two sesamoid bones. 20. First 
 phalanx of great toe. 21 Last phalanx of great 
 toe. 22, 22. First phalanges of remaining toes. 
 23, 23. Second and third phalanges of these toes. 
 
 Hand (Palmar Surface). 
 Scaphoid. 2. Semilunar. 3. Cuneiform. 4. Pisi- 
 form. 5. Trapezium. 6. Groove for tendon of 
 flexor carpi radialis. 7. Trapezoid. 8. Os mag- 
 num. 9. Unciform. 10, 10. Metacarpal bones. 
 11, 11. First phalanges of fingers. 12, 12. Second 
 phalanges. 13, 13. Third phalanges. 14. First 
 phalanx of thumb. 15. Second phalanx. 
 
 Median Section of Pelvis, Plane and Axis of 
 Superior Strait. 
 
 1. Sacrovertebral angle. 2, 2. Median section of 
 sacrum. 3. Median section of coccyx. 4. Junc- 
 tion of sacrum and coccyx. 5,5. Sacral canal. 6. 
 Median section of symphysis pubis. _7._ Antero- 
 posterior or sacropubic diameter of pelvic inlet, b. 
 Prolongation of this diameter. 8. Line perpendic- 
 ular to this diameter at its middle. 9. Antero- 
 posterior or coccipubic diameter of pelvic outlet. 
 10. Horizontal line passing through inferior margin 
 of symphysis pubis. 11. Line perpendicular to 
 last. 12. Arc of angle between these two. 
 
BONES 
 
 204 
 
 BONES 
 
 Humerus (Anterior Aspect). 
 Diaphysis. 2. Humeral head. 3. 
 Anatomic neck. 4. Greater or 
 external tuberosity. 5. Lesser 
 or anterior tuberosity. 6. Bicip- 
 ital groove. 7. Ridge for attach- 
 ment of coracobrachialis muscle. 
 8. Anterior border of shaft. 9. 
 External surface. 10. Orifice of 
 nutrient canal. n. Lesser or 
 
 radial head. 12. Trochlea. 13- 
 External condyle or epicondyle. 
 14. Internal condyle or epitroch- 
 lea. 15. Inferior portion of ex- 
 ternal border. 16. Inferior por- 
 tion of internal border. 17. Cor- 
 onoid fossa. 
 
 Radius and Ulna (Anterior Aspect). 
 
 1. Anterior surface of body of ulna. 
 2. Greater sigmoid cavity. 3. 
 Lesser sigmoid cavity. 4. Olec- 
 ranon. 5. Coronoid process. 
 6. Orifice of nutrient canal. 7. 
 Interosseous space. 8. Head of 
 ulna. 9. Styloid process. 10. 
 Body of radius, n. Head. 12. 
 Neck. 13. Bicipital tuberosity. 
 14. Ridge for insertion of prona- 
 tor radii teres. 15. Inferior ex- 
 tremity of radius. 16. Styloid 
 process. 
 
 t , 
 
 Femur (Posterior Aspect). 
 
 :, 1. Linea aspera. 2, 2. 
 Externa] division. 3. In- 
 ternal division. 4, 4. In- 
 ferior divisions. 5. Head. 
 
 6. Depression for attach- 
 ment of round ligament. 
 
 7. Neck. 8. Great tro- 
 chanter. 9. Digital or 
 trochanteric fossa. 10. 
 Lesser trochanter. n. 
 Outer condyle. 12. In- 
 ner condyle. 13. Inter- 
 condyloid notch. 14. 
 Outer tuberosity. 15. 
 Inner tuberosity. 
 
 Tibia and Fibula (Anterior Aspect). 
 
 1. Shaft of tibia. 2. Internal tuber- 
 osity. 3. External tuberosity. 4. 
 Spine. 5. Tubercle. 6. Crest. 
 7. Inferior extremity. 8. Inter- 
 nal malleolus. 9. Shaft of fibula. 
 10. Superior extremity. 11. In- 
 ferior extremity and external mal- 
 leolus. 
 
BONES 205 " EONES 
 
 Table of Bones. — {Continued.) 
 
 Name. 
 
 Principal Features. 
 
 Articulations and 
 Variety. 
 
 Muscular and Ligamentous 
 Attachments. 
 
 Tympanic. 
 
 Ulna [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Includes the incus, malleus, 
 and stapes (q. v.). 
 
 Inner side of forearm, paral- 
 lel with radius; prismatic; 
 shaft and two extremities, 
 olecranon process, coronoid 
 process, greater and lesser 
 sigmoid cavities, oblique 
 ridge, perpendicular line, 
 head or lower extremity, 
 styloid process; long bone. 
 
 Humerus- 
 
 Radius, 
 
 -ginglymus. 
 
 superior — diar- 
 throdia rotato- 
 ria. 
 
 middle — mem- 
 branous. 
 
 inferior — diar- 
 throdia rotato- 
 ria. 
 
 Triceps, anconeus, flexor carpi 
 ulnaris, brachialis anticus, pro- 
 nator radii teres, flexor sublimis 
 digitorum, flexor profundus digi- 
 torum, flexor longus pollicis (oc- 
 casionally), pronator quadratus, 
 supinator brevis, extensor ossis 
 metacarpi pollicis, extensor se- 
 cundi internodii pollicis, exten- 
 sor indicis, extensor carpi ul- 
 naris. 
 
 Unciform. 
 
 See Hamatum (os). 
 
 Vertebra [B. N. A.] 
 
 Vomer [B. N. A.]. 
 
 Twenty-six; cervical seven, 
 dorsal twelve, lumbar five, 
 sacrum (composed of five), 
 coccyx (composed of four; 
 each has a body and an 
 arch; latter has two pedi- 
 cles, two laminas, and seven 
 processes, viz.: four articu- 
 lar, two transverse, one 
 spinous) . Peculiar verte- 
 bras, first, second, and 
 seventh cervical; first, ninth, 
 tenth; eleventh, and twelfth 
 dorsal, sacrum, coccyx; ir- 
 regular bones. 
 
 Articulate with each other, 
 and with occipital and inno- 
 minate bones and ribs (q. 
 v.). 
 
 Intervertebral articulations, 
 between the bodies — am- 
 phiarthrodia. 
 
 Between articular processes 
 — arlhrodia. 
 
 Attachment of muscles. — To the 
 atlas are attached nine pairs: 
 the longus colli, rectus anticus 
 minor, rectus lateralis, rectus 
 posticus minor, obliquus super- 
 ior and inferior, splenius colli, 
 levator anguli scapula;, and first 
 intertransverse. 
 
 To the axis are attached eleven 
 pairs: the longus colli, obliquus 
 inferior, rectus posticus major, 
 semispinalis colli, multifidus 
 spins, Tevator anguli scapulae, 
 splenius colli, scalenus medius, 
 transversalis colli, intertrans- 
 versales, . interspinales. 
 
 To the remaining vertebras gener- 
 ally are attached thirty-five 
 pairs and a single muscle : anter- 
 iorly, the rectus anticus major 
 longus colli, scalenus anticus 
 medius, and posticus, psoas 
 magnus, psoas parvus, quadra 
 tus lumborum, diaphragm, ob 
 liquus internusand transversalis, 
 posteriorly, the trapezius, latis- 
 simus dorsi, levator anguli 
 scapulae, rhomboideus major 
 and minor, serratus posticus 
 superior and inferior, splenius, 
 erector spinae, sacrolumbalis, 
 longissimus dorsi, spinalis dorsi, 
 cervicalis ascendens, transver- 
 salis colli, trachelomastoid, 
 complexus, biventer cervicis, 
 semispinalis dorsi and colli, 
 multifidus spinae, rotatores spinae 
 interspinales, supraspinales, in- 
 tertransversales, levatores costa- 
 rum. 
 
 Situated vertically at back 
 part of nasal fossas; forms 
 part of septum of nose; 
 somewhat like a plowshare; 
 two surfaces and four bor- 
 ders. 
 
 Sphenoid, 
 
 Ethmoid, 
 
 Superior maxil- 
 lary (two), 
 
 Palate (two), 
 
 Cartilage of the 
 septum, 
 
 synar- 
 throdia. 
 
 Wormian. 
 
 Supernumerary bones; irreg- 
 ular, inconstant, isolated, 
 interposed between the 
 cranial bones, most fre- 
 quently in the lambdoid 
 suture. 
 
 Zygomaticum (os) [B. N. 
 A.] (os malee, the malar 
 or cheek bone). 
 
 Small; quadrangular; at up- 
 per and outer part of face; 
 forms prominence of cheek, 
 part of outer wall and floor 
 of orbit, part of temporal 
 and zygomatic fossas; fron- 
 tal, orbital, maxillary and 
 zygomatic processes, malar 
 foramen, four borders; ir- 
 regular bone. 
 
 Frontal, 
 Maxillary, 
 
 Levator labii superioris proprius, 
 zygomaticus major and minor, 
 masseter, temporal. 
 
BONES 
 
 206 
 
 BONES 
 
 Right Innominate Bone (External Aspect). 
 . Superior border, or crest. 2. Anterior superior iliac spine. 3. Posterior superior iliac spine. 4, 4, 4. Superior 
 curved line. 5, 5. Inferior curved line. 6. Surface between inferior curved line and acetabulum. 7. Anterior 
 inferior iliac spine. 8. Anterior interspinous notch. 9. Posterior inferior iliac spine. 10. Posterior interspinous 
 notch. 11. Spine of ischium. 12. Great sacrosciatic notch. 13. Acetabulum. 14. Fundus of acetabulum. 15, 
 15. Circumference of acetabulum. 16. Cotyloid notch. 17. Spine of pubes. 18. Horizontal branch of pubes. 
 19. Descending branch of pubes. 20, 20. Ischium. 21. Groove for tendon of obturator externus muscle. 22. 
 Obturator foramen. 
 
 Pelvis (Anterosuperior View, Superior Strait). 
 1. Internal iliac fossas. 2, 2. Iliac crests. 3, 3. Anterior superior iliac spines. 4, 4- Anterior inferior iliac spines. 
 5, 5. Iliopectineal eminences. 6, 6. Horizontal branches of pubes. 7, 7. Bodies and symphysis of pubes. 8, 8. 
 Acetabulums. 9,9. Tuberosities of ischiums. 10,10. Ascending rami of ischium. 11, 11. Descending rami of pubes. 
 12, 12. Spines of ischiums. 13, 13. Posterior wall of pelvic cavity. 14, 14. Sacroiliac symphyses. 15. Sacrover- 
 tebral angle. 16, 16. Superior strait. 
 
BOOT, JUNOD'S 
 
 207 
 
 BOSTON'S REACTION 
 
 Boot, Junod's. See Junod's Boot. 
 
 Boracic Acid (bo-ras f -ik) . See under Boron. 
 
 Boracite (bo f -ras-it) . Native magnesium bo- 
 rate. 
 
 Boral (bo'-ral). See Aluminium Borotartrate. 
 
 Borate (bo'-rat) [Ar., buraq, borax]. Any 
 salt of boric acid. • 
 
 Borated (bo f -ra-ted) . Containing boric acid. 
 
 Borax (bo'-raks). See Boron. 
 
 Borborygmus ibor-bor-ig' -mus) {J3op/3opuY/i6c, 
 a rumbling]. A rumbling of the bowels. 
 
 Border (bord'-er) [ME.]. In anatomy, the 
 boundary of an area or surface. B., Basal, 
 B., Cuticular, B., Striated. See Layer, 
 Cuticular. B., Bright, the margin of a 
 ciliated cell. B., Vermilion, the line of 
 union of the mucosa of the lip with the 
 skin. 
 
 Bordet's Phenomenon (bor'-da). SeePfeiffer's 
 Reaction, from which it differs only in the use 
 of a small quantity of normal serum instead 
 of fresh peritoneal fluid. B.'s Specific Test, 
 for human blood: it is based upon the fact that 
 the blood-serum of an animal subcutaneously 
 injected with the blood of another animal 
 of a different species rapidly develops the 
 property of agglutinating and dissolving the 
 erythrocytes similar to those injected, but has 
 no effect upon blood derived from any other 
 source. 
 
 Bordier-Frankel's Sign. See Bell's Phe- 
 nomenon. 
 
 Boric (bo'-rik). Relating to boron; containing 
 boron. B. Acid. See under Boron. B. An- 
 hydrid, B. Oxid, B 2 O s , a transparent, brittle, 
 hard glass obtained from boric acid by expul- 
 sion of water by heat. 
 
 Boricin (bo f -ris-in). A proprietary mixture of 
 borax and boric acid used as an antiseptic 
 on mucosas. 
 
 Borid {bo' -rid). A compound of boron with a 
 radicle or element. 
 
 Borin (bo'-rin). i. A compound of i atom 
 of boron and 3 atoms or 3 molecules of a 
 univalent radicle. 2. A proprietary anti- 
 septic said to contain boric acid and aro- 
 matic stearoptens. 
 
 Borism {bo'-rizm). Poisoning with boric acid. 
 
 Borneene (bor f -ne-en), C 10 H 16 . A peculiar vola- 
 tile oil, the chief constituent of oil of camphor. 
 It is isomeric with oil of turpentine and 
 holds in solution borneol and rosin. 
 
 Borneo Camphor {bor'-ne-o kam'-jor). See 
 Borneol. 
 
 Borneol ibor'-ne-ol) [Borneo], C 10 H ]8 O. Borneo 
 camphor; a substance that occurs in Dryo- 
 balanops camphora, a tree growing in Borneo 
 and Sumatra. It is artificially prepared by 
 treating the alcoholic solution of common 
 camphor with sodium. 
 
 Borneyl (bor'-ne-il), C 10 H H . The radicle of 
 borneol. 
 
 Borocalcite {bo-ro-kal'-sif). Native calcium 
 borate. 
 
 Borocarbid (bo-ro-kar' -bid) . A compound of 
 borax and carbon. 
 
 Borocitrate (bo-ro-sit'-rdt). A compound of 
 
 both citric and boric acid with an element 
 or radicle. 
 
 Borogen (bo r -ro-jen) . Boric-acid ethyl ester. 
 It is used by inhalation in diseases of the 
 air-passages. 
 
 Boroglycerid (bo-ro-glis'-er-id). See Boroglyc- 
 erin. 
 
 Boroglycerin (bo-ro-glis r -er-in). A mixture of 
 boric acid with glycerol. B., Glycerite of 
 (glyceritum boroglycerini, U. S. P.), boroglyc- 
 erin dissolved in glycerol by heating. Syn., 
 Solution 0} Boroglycerin. 
 
 Borol {bo'-rol). Potassium borosulfate. 
 
 Boron (bo'-ron) [Ar., buraq, borax]. B = 11; 
 quantivalence ni, v. A nonmetallic element 
 occurring in two allotropic forms — as a powder 
 and as a crystalline substance. It is the 
 base of boric acid and of the mineral borax. 
 Boracic or, more properly, boric acid, H 3 B0 3 , 
 is a crystalline substance, found native in 
 the volcanic lagoons of Tuscany. It occurs 
 in white, transparent crystals, soluble in 
 water and alcohol; it is antiseptic. Dose 
 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). Unguentum acidi 
 borici (U. S. P., B.P.) contains hard paraffin, 2; 
 soft paraffin, 4; boric acid, 1 ; it is used 
 as an antiseptic and in dermatology. Borax, 
 Na 2 B 4 7 + ioH 2 0, sodium borate, occurs 
 as white, transparent crystals, soluble in 
 water, alcohol, and glycerol ; it is used as 
 an antiseptic. Dose 5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). 
 Glycerinum boracis (B. P.) contains borax, 
 glycerol, and distilled water; used as a local 
 application. Mel boracis (B. P.), borax honey, 
 contains borax, clarified honey, and glycerol 
 (about 1 in 7); used as a local application. 
 
 Borosalicyl, Borsalyl {bo-ro-saV-is-il, bor'- 
 sal-il). Sodium borosalicylate. 
 
 Borsieri's Line (bor-se-a'-re). In the early 
 stage of scarlatina, a line drawn on the skin 
 with the finger-nail leaves a white mark which 
 quickly turns red and becomes smaller in size. 
 
 Boss (bos) [ME., bos]. A wide, more or less 
 circular protuberance, as on the skull or on 
 a tumor. B., Parietal. See Eminence, 
 Parietal. B., Pott's. See Curvature, Pott's. 
 B., Sanguineous. 1. A swelling due to a 
 contusion and containing extravasated blood. 
 2. See Caput succedaneum. 
 
 Bossed (bosd). Having a prominent center 
 on a circular flat surface. 
 
 Bosselated {bos' -el-a-ted) \boss]. Covered with 
 bosses or small nodules. 
 
 Bostock's Catarrh (bos f -tok). Hay -fever. 
 
 Boston's Reaction for Bence-Jones' Albu- 
 mose. It depends upon the presence in the 
 albumose of loosely combined sulfur: (1) 15 
 to 20 Cc. of filtered urine are placed in a test- 
 tube and to it an equal quantity of saturated 
 solution of sodium chlorid is added, and the 
 whole shaken; (2) 2 or 3 Cc. of a 30 % solution 
 of caustic soda are now added and shaken 
 vigorously; (3) the upper one-fourth of the 
 column of liquid is gradually heated over the 
 flame of a Bunsen burner to the boiling-point, 
 whereupon a solution of lead acetate (10%) 
 is added, drop by drop, boiling the upper pre- 
 
BOT 
 
 208 
 
 BOURDONNEMENT 
 
 
 viously heated stratum of liquid after each 
 additional drop; (4) when the drop of lead 
 acetate comes in contact with the liquid, a 
 copious pearly or cream-colored cloud appears 
 at the surface, which becomes less dense as 
 the boiling-point is reached; and when boiling 
 is prolonged for one-half to one minute, the 
 upper stratum shows a slight browning, which 
 deepens to a dull black. This lessens in 
 intensity toward the bottom of the tube. After 
 standing the reaction becomes intensified, 
 and a black precipitate falls through the clear 
 liquid and collects at the bottom of the tube. 
 
 Bot {hot) [botus, a belly-worm]. The larva of 
 certain species of flies of the genus CEstrus, 
 which are conveyed into the stomach of man, 
 where they hatch. Also the threadworm, 
 Oxyuris vermicularis. 
 
 BotaPs Duct, Botallo, Duct of {bo'-tal, bo- 
 tal'-o). Ductus arteriosus botalli. A short 
 vessel in the fetus between the main pulmon- 
 ary artery and the aorta. B., Foramen of, 
 the foramen ovale in the interauricular sep- 
 tum of the fetal heart. B., Ligament of, the 
 remains of Botal's duct. 
 
 Botalismus {bot-al-iz' -mus) . See Botulism. 
 
 Botany {bot'-an-e) \J3orav7), an herb]. The 
 science of plants — their classification and 
 structure. 
 
 Bothrenchyma (both-ren' -ke-mah) [fiodp'cov, a 
 pit; kjx^ elv 7 to pour in]. Pitted tissue. 
 
 Bothriocephalus (both-re-o-sef -al-us) [both- 
 rion; K£(f>aAr), a head]. A genus of tape- 
 worms. B. latus, the fish tape-worm, a 
 common parasite of man in certain European 
 localities. It may reach 25 feet in length, 
 with a breadth of three-fourths of an inch. 
 Syn., Dibothrium latum; Tcenia lata. 
 
 Bothrioid {both' -re-oid) [bothrion; eWoc, like- 
 ness]. Pitted; foveolated; covered with pit- 
 like markings. 
 
 Botryoid (bof -re-oid) [fibrpuc, a bunch of 
 grapes; eldoc, likeness]. Resembling in 
 shape a bunch of grapes. 
 
 Botryomyces {bot-re-o-mi'-sez) [ftorpuf, a bunch 
 of grapes; fiUK7)c, a fungus; pi., botryomycetes]. 
 A general term for those fungi which occur 
 in grape-like clusters. 
 
 Botryomycosis {bot-re-o-mi-W -sis) [see Bot- 
 ryomyces]. A disease of horses in which fibro- 
 matous nodules form in the lungs. It is 
 supposed to be caused by a microorganism 
 called Botryomyces, although Poncet and Dor 
 (1897) credit it to Botryococcus, and Badin 
 (1902) to Staphylococcus aureus. 
 
 Botryophyma {bot-re-o-fi' '-mah) [ftorpuc, a bunch 
 of grapes; 4>up.a, a growth]. A vascular, 
 fungus-like growth from the skin. B. cseru- 
 leum, a form having a blue coloration. 
 B. rubrum, a form having a red color. 
 
 Bottcher's Cells, B.'s Crystals. See under 
 Boettcher. 
 
 Bottger's Test. See Boettger's Test. 
 
 Botulin (bot'-u-lin). See Botulismotoxin. 
 
 Botulism, Botulismus {bot'-u-lizm, bot-u-liz f - 
 mus) [botulus, a sausage]. Sausage-poison- 
 ing. 
 
 Botulismotoxin (bot-u-liz-mo-toks f -in). A 
 toxic albumose of poisonous meat produced 
 by Bacillus botulinus, van Ermengem. Syn., 
 Botulin; Botulinic acid. 
 
 Bouchard's Coefficient (boo-shar). The 
 ratio existing between the amount of urea 
 and the sum-total of the solids in the urine 
 — approximately 50. B.'s Disease, dila- 
 tion of the stomach due to deficient function 
 of the gastric muscular fibers. B.'s Nodosi- 
 ties, enlargement af the second phalangeal 
 joints of the fingers, associated with dilation 
 of the stomach. B.'s Treatment of Obe- 
 sity, a daily diet of 1250 Gm. of milk and 
 5 eggs divided into 5 meals. 
 
 Bouchut's Tubes. A variety of tubes for 
 intubation of the larynx. 
 
 Boudin's Law. The poisons of malaria and 
 tuberculosis are antagonistic. This law is 
 not founded upon fact. 
 
 Bougard's Paste. A caustic paste containing 
 mercury bichlorid, zinc chlorid, arsenic, cin- 
 nabar, starch, and wheat-flour. 
 
 Bougie (boo'-zhe) [Fr., "a candle"]. 1. A slen- 
 der cylindric instrument made of waxed silk, 
 catgut, etc., for introduction into the urethra 
 or other passage, for the purpose of dilation, 
 exploration, etc. 2. A suppository. B. a. 
 boule. See B., Bulbous. B. a. empreinte, 
 one with a waxy substance adherent to its 
 point, by means of which an impression of 
 the stricture may be taken. B., Armed, a 
 bougie with a piece of silver nitrate or other 
 caustic attached to its extremity. B., Bul- 
 bous, a bougie with a bulbous tip. B., 
 Caustic, B., Cauterizant. See B., Armed. 
 B., Emplastic. 1. See B. a empreinte. 2. 
 A flexible bougie coated with a mixture of 
 wax, diachylon, and olive-oil. B., Filiform, 
 a whalebone or other bougie of very small di- 
 ameter. B., Fusiform, one with a spindle- 
 shaped shaft. B., Medicated. 1. A bougie 
 charged with some medicament. 2. A 
 medicated suppository. B., Rosary, a 
 beaded bougie used in a strictured urethra. 
 B., Soluble, a suppository composed of 
 substances dissolving at body-temperature. 
 B., Whip-, one with filiform end gradually 
 increasing in thickness. 
 
 Bouillaud's Disease {bweel-o'). Infective en- 
 docarditis. B.'s Metallic Tinkling, a pecu- 
 liar clink sometimes heard to the right of the 
 apex-beat in cardiac hypertrophy. 
 
 Bouillon (boo-e-yon(g)) [Fr.]. 1. A broth 
 made by boiling meat, usually beef, in water. 
 2. A liquid nutritive medium for the culture 
 of microorganisms, prepared from finely 
 chopped beef or beef-extract. , 
 
 Boulton's Solution. A compound tinc- 
 ture of iodin, phenol, glycerol, and dis- 
 tilled water; it is used for spraying in 
 rhinitis. 
 
 Bourdin's Paste. An escharotic mixture of 
 nitric acid with flowers of sulfur. 
 
 Bourdonnement (boor-dun-mon(g)) [Fr., 
 bourdonner, to buzz]. Any buzzing sound. 
 The murmur that is heard when the stetho- 
 
BOUVERET'S DISEASE 
 
 209 
 
 BRACHYKERKIC 
 
 scope is applied to any part of the body. It 
 is thought to result from contraction of the 
 muscular fibrils. 
 
 Bouveret's Disease (boo'-ver-a). Paroxysmal 
 tachycardia. B.'s Sign in Intestinal Ob- 
 struction, this sign is applicable only to the 
 large gut: great distention of the cecum and 
 a large elevation in the right iliac fossa. 
 
 Bovillae (bo-vil'-e) [L.]. Measles. 
 
 Bovine (bo'-vin) [bovinus, of an ox]. Ox-like. 
 B. Heart, the immensely hypertrophied 
 heart of aortic valvular disease. 
 
 Bovinine (bo'-vin-in) [see Bovine]. A pro- 
 prietary preparation of beef used as a food 
 for invalids and convalescents. 
 
 Bovista {bo-vis' -tah) [L.]. i. A genus of 
 fungi closely allied to Lycoperdon; some of 
 the species are edible. 2. The Lycoperdon 
 bovista, a fungus or puffball. When dry it 
 is a good styptic, and its tincture has been 
 used in nervous diseases. 
 
 Bowdichia (bo-dich' -e-ah) [Edward Bowdich, 
 an English naturalist]. A genus of plants 
 of the order Leguminosce. B. virgilioides is 
 a South American tree, of which the bark 
 (alchornoque or alcornoque bark) is diaphor- 
 etic, roborant, and antisyphilitic. 
 
 Bowel (bow'-el) [OF., boel, from L., botellus, 
 a sausage]. The intestine. 
 
 Bow-leg [ME., bowe]. An arching outward 
 of the lower limbs. See Genu var^um. 
 
 Bowman's Capsule (bo'-man). The expanded 
 portion forming the beginning of a uriniferous 
 tubule. B.'s Discs, the products of a break- 
 ing up of muscle-fibers in the direction of the 
 transverse striations. B.'s Glands, glands 
 found in the olfactory mucous membrane. 
 B.'s Membrane, a thin, homogeneous mem- 
 brane representing the uppermost layer of 
 the stroma of the cornea, with which it is in- 
 timately connected. B.'s Muscle. See under 
 Muscle. B.'s Probe, a probe used in dila- 
 ting strictures of the lacrimal duct. B.'s 
 Sarcous Elements, muscle-caskets; the small 
 elongated prisms of contractile substance 
 that produce the appearance of dark stripes 
 in voluntary muscle. B.'s Tubes, artificial 
 tubes formed between the lamellas of the 
 cornea by the injection of air or colored 
 fluid. 
 
 Bowman-Mueller's Capsule. See Bowman's 
 Capsule. 
 
 Boyer's Bursa (boy'-ur). The subhyoid bursa. 
 B.'s Cyst. See Cyst, Boyer's. 
 
 Boyle's Law (boil). See Law, Boyle's. 
 
 Bozeman's Catheter (boz'-man). A double- 
 current catheter. 
 
 Bozzi's Foramen (bot'-tze). See Soemmer- 
 ing' s Yellow Spot. 
 
 Bozzolo's Sign (bot-tzo'-lo). Visible pulsation 
 of the arteries of the nares, said to occur in 
 some cases of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. 
 
 Bracelets (bras' -lets). Transverse lines across 
 the anterior aspect of the wrist. 
 
 Brachia (bra'-ke-ah). Plural of brachium. 
 
 Brachial (bra'-ke-al) [brachium]. Pertain- 
 ing to the arm. B. Artery, the continua- 
 J 5 
 
 tion of the axillary artery, extending along 
 the inner side of the arm. See under 
 Artery. B. Glands, the lymphatic glands 
 of the arm. B. Plexus, the plexus of the 
 fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical and 
 the first dorsal nerves. B. Veins, the veins 
 of the arm that accompany the brachial artery 
 
 Brachialgia (bra-ke-aV -je-ah) [brachium; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Pain or neuralgia in the arm or 
 in the brachial plexus. 
 
 Brachiform (bra' -ke-form) [brachium; forma, 
 form]. Arm-shaped. 
 
 Brachinin (brak' -in-in) [ftpaxuc, short]. A 
 substance obtained from the bombardier- 
 beetle, Brachinus crepitans, of Europe. It 
 is said to be efficacious against rheumatism. 
 
 Brachio- (bra - he - o -) [brachium]. A prefix 
 meaning pertaining to the brachium. 
 
 Brachiocephalic (bra-ke-o-sef-al'-ik) [brachio-; 
 ne^aXrj, head]. Pertaining to the arm and 
 the head. B. Artery, B. Vein, the innomi- 
 nate artery and vein. 
 
 Brachio crural (bra-ke-o-kru'-ral) [brachio-; 
 crus, the leg]. Pertaining to or affecting the 
 arm and leg. 
 
 Brachiocubital (bra-ke-o-ku'-bit-al) [brachio-; 
 cubitus, forearm]. Relating to the arm and 
 forearm, as, the brachiocubital ligament. 
 
 Brachiofacial (bra-ke-o-ja'-shal). Pertaining 
 to both arm and face. 
 
 Brachiorachidian (brak - e - o - rak - id'-e-an) 
 [brachio-; pax^C, the spinal column]. Relat- 
 ing to the arm and the spinal cord. 
 
 Brachium (bra'-ke-um) [jlpaxcwv, the arm; pi., 
 brachia]. The arm, especially the upper arm; 
 also, any arm -like object or structure. Bra- 
 chia cerebelli, the peduncles of the cerebel- 
 lum . Brachia cerebri , B. of Optic Lobes , the 
 bands connecting the nates and testes with the 
 optic thalamus. B. copulativum, the supe- 
 rior peduncle of the cerebellum. B. pontis, 
 the brachium of the pons, being also the 
 middle peduncle of the cerebellum. 
 
 Brach-Romberg's Sign. See Romberg's Sign. 
 
 Brachy- (brak-c-) [ftpaxOc, short]. A prefix 
 meaning short. 
 
 Brachycardia (brak-e-kar'-de-ah). Same as 
 Bradycardia. 
 
 Brachycephalic, Brachycephalous (brak-e- 
 se} - a I' - ik, brak -e- sef -al- us) [brachy -; 
 K£<f)aXrj, a head]. 1. Applied to skulls of an 
 egg-like shape, with the larger end behind. 
 2. Having a skull the transverse diameter 
 of which is more than eight-tenths of the 
 long diameter. 
 
 Brachycnemic, Brachyknemic (brak-e-ne'- 
 mik) [brachy-; Kvfjfi-T), the leg]. A term 
 applied by Sir W. Turner to a leg propor- 
 tionately shorter than the thigh. 
 
 Brachyglossal (brak-e-glos'-al) [brachy-; 
 yXwooa, tongue]. Having a short tongue. 
 
 Brachyhieric (brak-e-hi'-e-rik) [brachy-; hpov, 
 sacrum]. Having a short sacrum. 
 
 Brachykerkic (brak-e-kerk'-ik) [brachy-; 
 KepKcc, a shuttle]. Having the forearm dis- 
 proportionately short as compared with the 
 upper arm. 
 
BRACHYMETR0P1A 
 
 210 
 
 BREAK 
 
 Brachymetropia {brak - e - met - ro' - pe-ah). 
 See Myopia. 
 
 Brachynosis, Brachynsis {brak-in-o'-sis, 
 brak-in'-sis) [brachy-; voooc, disease]. The 
 contraction or shortening of an organ or 
 part by disease. 
 
 Brachystaphylic {brak-e-staj'-il-ik) [brachy-; 
 ozacfxuXr), the palate]. Having a short alveo- 
 lar arch. 
 
 Bracket {brak'-et) [OF., braguette]. An appara- 
 tus for supporting a joint or rendering it im- 
 movable. 
 
 Brady- {brad-e-) [fipaouc, slow]. A prefix mean- 
 ing slow. 
 
 Bradycardia {brad -e- kar' -de- ah) [brady- ; 
 mpdia, heart]. Slowness of the heart-beat. 
 
 Bradycausis {brad-e-kaw' -sis) [brady-; Kabacc, 
 a burning]. A slow burning; the applica- 
 tion of a slow caustic. 
 
 Bradydiastole {brad-e-di-as'-to-le) [brady-; 
 dcaaxoX-q, a drawing apart]. A prolonga- 
 tion of the diastolic pause; it is generally 
 associated with myocardial lesions. Syn., 
 Bradydiastolia. 
 
 Bradyesthesia {brad-e-es-the' -ze-ah) [brady- ; 
 aiodt]ocg, perception]. Dulness of percep- 
 tion. 
 
 Bradyglossia {brad-e -glos'-e-ah). See Bradyla- 
 lia. 
 
 Bradylalia {brad-e-la f -le-ah) [brady-; XaXslv, 
 to talk]. A slowness of utterance. 
 
 Bradypepsia {brad - e - pep' - se - ah) [brady-; 
 7ik4>c€, digestion]. Slow digestion. 
 
 Bradyphasia {brad-e- fa' -ze-ah). See Bradylalia. 
 
 Bradyphrasia {brad-e-fra' -ze-ah). See Brady- 
 lalia. 
 
 Bradyspermatism {brad-e-sper'-mat-izm) 
 [brady-; onkpaa, seed]. Abnormally slow 
 • emission of semen. 
 
 Braidism {brad'-izm). The hypnotic state 
 produced by fixation of the eyes upon a shin- 
 ing object; described by James Braid in 1842. 
 
 Brain {bran) [AS., brcegen]. That part of the 
 central nervous system contained in the 
 cranial cavity, and consisting of the cerebrum, 
 the cerebellum, the pons, and the medulla 
 oblongata. B., Abdominal, the solar plexus. 
 B., After-. See Metencephalon. B.-axis, 
 that portion of the brain-substance including 
 the island of Reil, the basal ganglions, the 
 crura, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. B.- 
 bladder, a cerebral vesicle of the embryo. 
 B. -fever. See Meningitis. B., Fore-. See 
 Prosencephalon. B., Great, the cerebrum. 
 B., Hind-. See Epencephalon. B., Mid-. 
 See Mesencephalon. B., Railway-, a condi- 
 tion analogous to railway spine, and character- 
 ized by cerebral disturbance. See Erichsen's 
 Disease. B.-sand. See Acervulus. B.-tire, 
 a condition of brain exhaustion due to exces- 
 sive functional activity. B., 'Twixt-. See 
 Diencephalon and Thalamencephalon. {See 
 illustrations on pp. 211, 2T2.) 
 
 Bran {bran) [Breton, brenn]. The epidermis or 
 outer covering of the seeds of most cereals. B.- 
 bath. See Bath, Bran. B. Dressing, a dress- 
 ing formerly used for compound fracture of the 
 
 leg. The leg Was placed in a fracture-box 
 and surrounded with clean bran. 
 
 Branchiae {brang'-ke-e) [ftpa-f^ca, gills]. 
 The gills of fishes. 
 
 Branchial {brang' -ke-al) . Pertaining to the 
 branchiae. B. Arches. See Arches, Bran- 
 chial. B. Openings. See Clefts, Visceral. 
 
 Branchiogenous {brang-ke-oj' -en-us) [bronchia ; 
 yevvav, to produce]. Produced or developed 
 from a branchial cleft. 
 
 Brand Method. A system of baths employed 
 in the treatment of typhoid fever. 
 
 Brandy {bran' -de). See Spiritus vini gallici. 
 
 Brassica {bras' -ik-ah) [AS.]. A genus of plants 
 of the order CrucifercB, including the common 
 cabbage. 
 
 Brassy-eye. See Chalcitis. 
 
 Braun's Canal. See Kowalezvsky's Canal. 
 B.'s Reaction for Glucose, treat the glu- 
 cose solution with caustic soda, and warm 
 until it is yellow; then add a 'dilute solution 
 of picric acid and heat to boiling. A deep 
 red color will be produced. Creatinin gives 
 the same reaction, even in the cold, and ace- 
 tone also, though slightly. 
 
 Braune's Canal. The continuous passage 
 formed by the uterine cavity and the vagina 
 during labor, after full dilation of the os. 
 B.'s Os internum. See BandVs Ring. 
 
 Bravais-Jackson's Epilepsy {brav'-a). See 
 J acksonian Epilepsy. 
 
 Brawn {brawn) [OF., braon, a .piece of 
 flesh]. The flesh of a muscle; well-devel- 
 oped muscles. 
 
 Brawny {brawn' -e) [see Brawn]. Fleshy; mus- 
 cular. B. Induration, pathologic hardening 
 and thickening of the tissues. 
 
 Braxton Hicks' Sign. See Hicks. 
 
 Brayera {bra-ye'-rah). See Cusso. 
 
 Bread {bred) [AS., bread]. A mixture of flour 
 and water rendered porous by carbon dioxid, 
 and baked. The flour may be of wheat, corn, 
 oat, or rye. The carbon dioxid may be intro- 
 duced by decomposing an alkaline carbonate 
 (sodium or potassium) by an acid (cream 
 of tartar), or by fermenting the starch with 
 yeast. B., Brown, a kind of bread made 
 from a mixture of corn, rye, and wheat flour. 
 B., Graham, bread made from unbolted 
 wheat flour; it contains more gluten, dias- 
 tase, and mineral phosphates than ordinary 
 bread. B. -paste, a culture-medium for bac- 
 teria and molds. Stale, coarse bread is 
 dried, ground to powder, and made into a 
 paste with water. B. -poultice, a poultice 
 made with bread-crumbs. B., White, bread 
 made from bolted wheat flour, and therefore 
 deficient in diastase, gluten, and mineral 
 phosphates. Other kinds, such as rye (or 
 black), corn, bran, barley, etc., indicate their 
 composition by their name. 
 
 Break {brak) [AS., brecan]. 1. In electricity, 
 to open the circuit of a battery. 2. In 
 surgery, a fracture. B. Shock, a term 
 sometimes employed in electrotherapeutics for 
 the physiologic shock produced on the open- 
 ing or breaking of an electric circuit. 
 
BRAIN 
 
 211 
 
 BRAIN 
 
 Superior Aspect, or Convexity 
 of the Brain. 
 
 i, i. Fissure of Rolando. 2, 2. As- 
 cending frontal convolution. 3, 
 3. Ascending and superior parie- 
 tal convolutions. 4, 4. First 
 frontal convolution. 5, 5. Second 
 frontal. 6, 6. Third frontal. 7.7. 
 First occipital. 8. 8. Second oc- 
 cipital. 9. 9. Third occipital. 
 10. Anterior extremity of corpus 
 callosum. 11. Posterior extrem- 
 ity. 
 
 Inferior Aspect of the Brain. 
 
 1. Anterior extremity of corpus cal- 
 losum. 2. Optic chiasm. 3. 
 Tuber cinereum and infundibu- 
 lum. 4. Corpora albicantia, or 
 mamillaria. 5. Pons varolii. 6. 
 Third nerve. 7. Aqueduct of 
 Sylvius. 8. Testes. 10. Infe- 
 rior surface of frontal lobe, n, 
 11. Convolution of the fissure 
 of Sylvius. 12. Olfactory nerve. 
 
 13, 13. Third convolution of 
 inferior surface of frontal lobe. 
 
 14, 14. Fourth convolution. 15. 
 
 15, Third convolution of external 
 surface of frontal lobe. 16. 16. 
 External border of posterior lobe. 
 1 7-, Sphenoid extremity. 18. Oc- 
 cipital extremity. 19. Ffippo- 
 campal convolution. 20. Exter- 
 nal convolution of posterior lobe. 
 21. Middle convoludon. 22. In- 
 ternal convolution. 23. Gyrus 
 fornicatus. 
 
BRAIN 
 
 212 
 
 BRAIN 
 
 Medisection of Brain, Showing Important Sinuses. — {Holden.) 
 Falx cerebri. 2, 2. Its convex border, with the great longitudinal sinus. 3. Its concave border. 4, 4. Inferior longi- 
 tudinal sinus. 5. Base of falx cerebri. 6. Straight sinus. 7. Apex of falx cerebri 8. Right half of the tentorium, 
 seen from below. 9. Right lateral sinus. 10. Superior petrosal sinus. 11. Inferior petrosal sinus. 12. Posterior 
 occipital sinus. 13. Falx cerebelli. 14. Optic nerve. 15. Motor oculi. 16. Pathetic. 17. Trigeminus. 18. 
 Abducens. 19. Facial and auditory nerves. 20. Glossopharyngeal, pneumogastric, and spinal accessory nerves. 
 21. Hypoglossal nerve. 22. First cervical nerve. 23. Second cervical nerve. 24. Upper extremity of ligamentum 
 denticulatum. 
 
BREAKBONE FEVER 
 
 213 
 
 BREATHING 
 
 Breakbone Fever. See Dengue. 
 
 Breast {brest) [ME., brest]. i. The anterior 
 part of the chest. 2. The mamma. B.- 
 bone, the sternum. B., Broken, abscess of 
 the mammary gland. B., Chicken-, a de- 
 formity marked by prominence of the sternal 
 portion of the chest. Syn., Pectus carina- 
 tum. B., Funnel-, a depression of the chest- 
 walls at the sternum resembling the bowl of a 
 funnel; it is like shoemaker's breast, only it 
 may occur at any point. Syn., Funnel-chest. 
 B., Gathered, mammary abscess. B., Hys- 
 teric, a form of mastodynia due to hysteria. 
 B., Irritable Tumor of, a name given by 
 Astley Cooper to peculiar, sharply defined fibro- 
 matous or neuromatous tumors of small size 
 and extreme tenderness. B.-pang, angina pec- 
 toris. B., Pigeon-. Same as B., Chicken-. 
 B.-pump, a suction-apparatus for remov- 
 ing the milk from the breast. B., Shoe- 
 maker's, a depression of the sternum in 
 
 shoemakers due to the pressure of tools against 
 it and the xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 Breath (breth) [AS., brceth]. The air exhaled 
 from the lungs. B. -sounds, the respiratory 
 sounds heard upon auscultation. See Table. 
 
 Breathing. See Respiration. B., Abdomi- 
 nal, breathing in which the abdominal walls 
 move decidedly and in which the diaphragm 
 is actively engaged. B., Cheyne-Stokes'. 
 See Cheyne-Stokes' Respiration. B., Inter- 
 rupted, B., Cog-wheel, B., Wavy, a broken 
 or interrupted inspiratory sound produced 
 by nervousness, irregular contraction of the 
 muscles of respiration, or irregular expan- 
 sion of the lung from disease. B., Mouth-, 
 habitual respiration through the mouth. 
 B., Puerile, the breathing normally heard 
 in children, and heard in adults when the 
 respiratory murmur is exaggerated. B., 
 Suppressed, entire absence of breath-sounds, 
 as in pleuritic effusion and certain solid con- 
 
 TABLE OF BREATH-SOUNDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. 
 {Altered and enlarged from J. K. Fowler.) 
 
 Vari- 
 ety OF 
 Breath- 
 ing. 
 
 Period. 
 
 Pitch. 
 
 Quality. 
 
 Inter- 
 val. 
 
 Duration. 
 
 Inten- 
 sity. 
 
 Where Heard. 
 
 Condition 
 
 IN WHICH 
 
 Heard. 
 
 Vesicu- 
 lar. 
 
 1. Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 2. Expira- 
 tion. 
 
 Low. 
 Lower. 
 
 Vesicular. 
 Blowing. 
 
 None. 
 
 Shorter 
 than inspi- 
 ration or 
 absent. 
 
 Variable. 
 
 Faint or 
 absent. 
 
 Over the lungs 
 in health. 
 
 In health. 
 
 Bron- 
 chial. 
 
 1. Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 2. Expira- 
 tion. 
 
 High. 
 Higher. 
 
 Tracheal. 
 Tracheal. 
 
 Dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 Equal to 
 or longer 
 than inspi- 
 ration. 
 
 Variable. 
 Greater. 
 
 In health, in 
 regions of seventh 
 cervical spine. 
 In disease, over 
 areas of con- 
 solidation. 
 
 In health ; pul- 
 monary tuber- 
 culosis, lobar 
 
 pneumonia, large 
 pleuritic effu- 
 sions, thoracic 
 
 aneurysm, medi- 
 astinal tumors. 
 
 Broncho- 
 vesicu- 
 lar. 
 
 1. Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 2. Expira- 
 tion. 
 
 Higher 
 than in 
 vesicular 
 breathing 
 Higher 
 than in 
 vesicular 
 breath- 
 ing. 
 
 More or 
 
 less 
 tracheal. 
 
 More or 
 
 less 
 tracheal. 
 
 Slight. 
 
 About 
 
 equal to 
 
 inspiration. 
 
 Variable. 
 Greater. 
 
 In health, ant., 
 over sternal por- 
 tion of inf raclavic- 
 ular region ; post., 
 
 upper part of 
 interscapular re- 
 gion. In disease, 
 over slight con- 
 solidation. 
 
 In health ; 
 pneumonia, 
 
 pulmonary 
 tuberculosis. 
 
 Am- 
 phoric. 
 
 1. Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 2. Expira- 
 tion. 
 
 Low. 
 Lower. 
 
 Hollow and 
 
 metallic. 
 Both char- 
 acters more 
 marked. 
 
 Dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 Longer 
 than inspi- 
 ration. 
 
 Variable. 
 Greater. 
 
 Over a large 
 cavity communi- 
 cating with an 
 open bronchus. 
 
 Pulmonary 
 tuberculosis. 
 
 Cavern- 
 ous. 
 
 1. Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 2. Expira- 
 tion. 
 
 Low. 
 Lower. 
 
 Blowing 
 and hollow. 
 Both char- 
 acters more 
 
 marked. 
 
 Dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 Longer 
 than inspi- 
 ration. 
 
 Variable. 
 Greater. 
 
 Over a cavity 
 
 communicating 
 
 with an open 
 
 bronchus. 
 
 Pulmonary 
 tuberculosis. 
 
 Tubular. 
 
 1. Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 2. Expira- 
 tion. 
 
 Higher 
 
 than in 
 
 bronchial 
 
 breathing 
 
 Higher. 
 
 Laryngeal 
 or whiffing. 
 
 Laryngeal 
 or whiffing. 
 
 Dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 Equal to 
 or longer 
 than inspi- 
 ration. 
 
 Variable. 
 Greater. 
 
 Over 
 
 consolidated 
 areas. 
 
 Lobar 
 
 pneumonia, 
 
 pulmonary 
 
 tuberculosis. 
 
BRECHT'S CARTILAGES 
 
 214 
 
 BROCA'S APHASIA 
 
 ditions of the lung. B., Thoracic, respira- 
 tion in which the thoracic walls are actively 
 moved. 
 
 Brecht's Cartilages. See Cartilages, BrechCs. 
 
 Breech (brech) [ME., breech]. The buttocks. 
 B. Presentation, presentation of the but- 
 tocks of the child at the os uteri during 
 labor. 
 
 Bregenin {breg r -en-in) [Low Ger., bregen, 
 brain], C 40 H 87 NO 5 . A name given by Thu- 
 dichum to a viscous principle, soluble in 
 and crystallizable from alcohol, by means of 
 which it has been extracted from brain- 
 tissue. It is fusible like a fat, but is miscible 
 with water. 
 
 Bregma {breg'-mah) [fipkyfia, the sinciput]. 
 The part of the skull corresponding to the 
 anterior fontanel. 
 
 Bregmatic {breg-mat'-ik). Relating to the 
 bregma. 
 
 Brein {bre'-in). A glucosid isolated from 
 Bryonia alba. It is a powerful stimulant 
 to the arterioles and usefulin the treatment 
 of postpartum hemorrhage and other met- 
 rorrhagias. 
 
 Breisky's Disease {bri'-ske). Kraurosis vulva?. 
 B.'s Method, of measuring the dimensions of 
 the pelvis at its outlet: it consists in measuring 
 externally the distance between the tuberos- 
 ities of the ischiums, and also in taking the 
 distance from the junction of the sacrum 
 and coccyx to the lower border of the arcuate 
 ligament. 
 
 Bremer's Color-test for Diabetic Urine (bra f - 
 mur). See under Tests. B.'s Reaction for 
 Diabetic Blood, the blood is prepared as in 
 ordinary staining methods, and, after drying 
 in a hot-air sterilizer, stained with methylene- 
 blue and eosin. The red blood-corpuscles 
 of diabetic blood are stained greenish-yellow, 
 whereas in normal blood they assume a 
 brownish color. 
 
 Brenner's Formula {bren'-nur). i. With the 
 same current strength the kathodal closing 
 contraction is four times as strong as the kath- 
 odal opening contraction. 2. The normal 
 auditory nerve reacts to the kathodal closure 
 by a sound sensation which immediately 
 attains its maximum and then gradually 
 diminishes; the anodal opening causes with 
 the same current strength a somewhat weaker 
 sound that is of short duration. 
 
 Brephydrocephalus {bref-id-ro-sef'-al-us) [fipk- 
 <f>oc, an infant; uopoKscfyaXoc, hydrocephalus]. 
 Hydrocephalus in infants. 
 
 Breschet's Canal, B.'s Veins {bresh'-a). The 
 veins of the diploe. See under Canal. B.'s 
 Helicotrema, the helicotrema, the foramen 
 of communication between the scala vestibuli 
 and the scala tympani. B.'s Sinus, the 
 sphenoparietal sinus. 
 
 Bretonneau's Diphtheria {bret'-on-o). Diph- 
 theria of the pharynx. 
 
 Brick-dust Deposit. A reddish sediment in 
 the urine, consisting of urates. 
 
 Bricklayers' Itch. Eczema due to irritation 
 of lime-mortar. 
 
 Brickmakers' Anemia. See Ankylosto- 
 miasis. 
 
 Bridge (brij) [ME., brigge]. 1. The upper 
 ridge of the nose, formed by the union of 
 the two nasal bones. 2. In electricity, an 
 apparatus for measuring the resistance of 
 a conductor. 
 
 Bridle {bri'-dl) [AS., brldel]. A band or 
 filament stretching across the lumen of a 
 passage, or from side to side of an ulcer, 
 scar, abscess, etc. B. Stricture, a stricture 
 due to the presence of a delicate band stretched 
 across the lumen of the urethra. 
 
 Bright's Blindness. Partial or complete 
 loss of sight, which may be temporary, inde- 
 pendent of any change in the optic disc or 
 retina; it occurs in uremia. B.'s Disease, 
 a generic term for acute and chronic diffuse 
 disease of the kidneys, usually associated 
 with dropsy and albuminuria. B.'s Disease, 
 Acute, an acute inflammation of the kidney; 
 it may be parenchymatous, interstitial, or 
 diffuse. B.'s Disease, Chronic, a chronic 
 inflammation of the kidney, affecting the 
 parenchyma, the connective tissue, or both. 
 Amyloid degeneration is also considered 
 a chronic form of Bright's disease. B.'s 
 Friction-sound. See Beatty -Bright 's Fric- 
 tion-sound. B.'s Granulations, the granu- 
 lations of the large white kidney. 
 
 Brightism (brit'-izm) [Bright, an English 
 physician]. Chronic nephritis. 
 
 Brim {brim) [ME.]. An edge or margin, as 
 the brim of the pelvis. 
 
 Brimstone {brim' -ston) . See Sulfur. B., 
 Cane, sublimed sulfur molded into the form 
 of solid cylinders about an inch in diameter. 
 Sym, Roll-sulfur. B., Vegetable, the spores 
 of Lycopodium clavatum. 
 
 Brinton's Disease {brin'-ton). Linitis plastica; 
 hypertrophy and sclerosis of the submucous 
 connective tissue of the stomach. 
 
 Briquet's Ataxia (bre-ka'). Hysteric ataxia; 
 astasia-abasia. 
 
 Brisement {brez-mon{g) ) [Fr.]. A breaking 
 or rupture. B. force, the forcible breaking 
 up of structures causing ankylosis of a joint. 
 
 Brissaud-Marie's Syndrome {bre-so-mar-e'). 
 Hysteric glossolabial hemispasm. 
 
 Bristle-cell [AS., byrst, a bristle]. Any one 
 of the ciliated cells at the terminations of 
 the auditory nerve-filaments. 
 
 British Gum. See Dextrin. 
 
 Broad [AS., brad}. Wide; extensive. B. 
 Ligament. See Ligament, Broad. B. Tape- 
 worm. See Bothriocephalus latus. 
 
 Broadbent's Sign {brawd' -bent) . A visible re- 
 traction, synchronous with the cardiac sys- 
 tole, of the left side and back in the region of 
 the eleventh and twelfth ribs, in adherent 
 pericardium. 
 
 Broca's Aphasia {bro'-kah). Cortical motor 
 aphasia. B.'s Area, the medial portion of the 
 anterior olfactory lobe. Syn., Area parol fac- 
 torial Gyrus olfactorius mcdialis. B.'s Cape, 
 the dividing-point of the fossa sylvii. B.'s 
 Center, the posterior part of the left third 
 
BRODIE'S ABSCESS 
 
 215 
 
 BROMIN 
 
 frontal convolution; it is the center of speech. 
 B.'s Convolution, the third frontal convolu- 
 tion of the left hemisphere. B.'s Diagonal 
 Band, a band of gray matter forming the 
 posterior part of the anterior perforated space 
 and extending from the gyrus subcallosus 
 to the anterior end of the gyrus hippocampi. 
 B.'s Fissure. See Fissure, Broca's. B.'s 
 Olfactory Area, trigonum olfactorium; the 
 posterior end of the gyrus rectus, lying 
 anteriorly to the mesial root of the olfactory 
 tract. B.'s Point, the auricular point, the 
 center of the external auditory meatus. B.'s 
 Pouch, a pear-shaped sac lying in the tissues 
 of the labia majora; it is analogous in struc- 
 ture to the dartos, but contains no muscular 
 fibers. 
 
 Brodie's Abscess (bro'-de). Chronic abscess 
 of bone, most frequently of the head of the tibia. 
 B.'s Disease, pulpy disease of a joint, more 
 especially the knee-joint. B.'s Joint, hys- 
 teric arthroneuralgia. B.'s Pain, the pain 
 caused by lifting a fold of the skin in 
 the neighborhood, of a joint in articular neu- 
 ralgia. 
 
 Broesike's Fossa (bres'-e-ka). The paraje- 
 junal fossa; a recess in the peritoneal cavity 
 which is situated in the first part of the meso- 
 jejunum and behind the superior mesenteric 
 artery. 
 
 Brokaw Ring (brok'-aw). A ring used in 
 intestinal anastomosis, made of segments of 
 rubber drainage-tubing and threaded with 
 catgut strands. 
 
 Bromal (bro'-mal) [ftp&fioc, a stench; aldehyd], 
 CBr 3 . CHO. Tribromaldehyd, analogous 
 to chloral, and produced by the action of 
 bromin on alcohol. It is a colorless, oily 
 fluid, of a penetrating odor and sharp, burn- 
 ing taste, boiling at i72°-i73° C; it has been 
 used in medicine, having properties similar 
 to those of chloral. B. Hydrate, CBr 3 . - ' 
 CHO + H 2 0, a fluid of oily consistence, 
 having a structure similar to that of chloral 
 hydrate, but more irritating and narcotic than 
 the latter. It is used as a hypnotic and in 
 epilepsy. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gra.). 
 
 Bromalbacid (bro-mal'-bas-id). A compound 
 of bromin and albumin used as a sedative. 
 Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
 
 Bromaldehyd (bro-maV '-de-hid). A compound 
 of bromin and aldehyd. 
 
 Bromalin (bro'-mal-in), C 6 H 12 N 4 C 2 H 3 Br. A 
 substance occurring as a white, crystalline 
 powder, soluble in water, melting at 200 C. 
 It is a nerve-sedative and antiepileptic, used 
 as a substitute for potassium bromid. Dose 
 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) several times a day. 
 Syn., Bro methyl for min; Hexamethylenetetra- 
 minbromethylate. 
 
 Bromaloin {bro-mal'-o-in), C 17 H ]5 Br 3 7 . A 
 derivative of barbaloin by the action of 
 bromin. Syn., Tribromaloin. 
 
 Bromamid {bro' -mam-id) [bromin; amid]. A 
 bromin compound of the anilin group, with 
 the formula C 6 H 2 Br 3 NH . HBr. It con- 
 tains 75 % of bromin, and is used as an anti- 
 
 pyretic in doses of 10-15 grains (0.65- 
 1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Bromargyrite (bro-mar'-pr-lt). Native silver 
 bromid. 
 
 Bromate (bro' -mat) [bromin]. A salt of bromic 
 acid. 
 
 Bromateccrisis* (bro-mat-ek'-ris-is) [ftpwua, 
 food; luKpcocc, excrement]. The passage 
 of undigested food. 
 
 Bromated {bro' -ma-ted) . Impregnated with 
 bromin. 
 
 Bromatometry (bro-mat-om' -et-re). The esti- 
 mation of the daily amount of food requisite 
 for an individual. 
 
 Bromatotoxicon (bro-mat-o-toks'-ik-on). A 
 general term for the active agent in food- 
 poisoning. 
 
 Bromatotoxin (bro-mat-o-toks'-in). A basic 
 poison generated in food by the growth of 
 microorganisms. 
 
 Brombenzoyl (brom-ben'-zo-il), C 7 H s O . Br. A 
 crystalline substance obtained from oil of 
 bitter almonds by action of bromin; it is 
 soluble in alcohol and ether. Syn., Brom- 
 benzoyl ic acid. 
 
 Bromcaffein (brom-kaf-e'-in), C 8 H 9 BrN 4 2 . A 
 compound obtained by mixing 1 part of 
 caffein with 5 parts of bromin; melts at 
 206 C. 
 
 Bromelin (bro'-mel-in) [Bromelia, a genus 'of 
 plants]. A digestive principle, allied to 
 trypsin, found in the juice of pineapples. It 
 will digest 1500 times its weight of proteids. 
 
 Brometnyl (brom'-eth-il). See Ethyl Bromid 
 under Bromin. 
 
 Bromhemol (brom'-he-mol). A compound of 
 
 • hemol and 2.7% of bromin. It is used 
 
 when continued effect of bromin is desired. 
 
 Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). Syn., Bromo- 
 
 hemol. 
 
 Bromhydrate (brom-hi'-drdt). See Hydro- 
 bromate. 
 
 Bromhydric ((brom-hi'-drik). See Hydro- 
 bromic. B. Ether, hydrobromic ether. 
 
 Bromic (bro'-mik). Containing or compounded 
 with bromin. 
 
 Bromid (bro'-mid) [bromin]. A salt of hydro- 
 bromic acid; the bromids of calcium, iron, 
 ammonium, potassium, and sodium are used 
 in medicine. They allay nervous excitement 
 and are employed as sedatives. B., Basic, a 
 compound of a bromid with the oxid of the 
 same base. ' B. of Ethyl. See Ethyl Bromid 
 under Bromin. 
 
 Bromidrosis (bro-mid-ro' -sis) [ftpcoptoc, a 
 stench; copcbc, sweat]. Osmidrosis: an af- 
 fection of the sweat-glands in which the 
 sweat has an offensive odor. 
 
 Bromin, Bro mum (bro' -min, -mum) [ftpw/ioc, 
 a stench]. Br = 80; quantivalence 1. A 
 reddish-brown liquid which, at ordinary 
 temperatures, gives off a heavy-, suffocating 
 vapor. It is a very active escharotic and 
 disinfectant and internally a violent poison. 
 The salts of bromin are cerebrospinal and 
 cardiac depressants, and are employed as 
 sedatives, particularly in epilepsy, eclampsia, 
 
BROMINATED 
 
 216 
 
 BRONCHIAL 
 
 spasmodic affections, insomnia, hysteria, 
 migraine, etc. The salts of the alkaline 
 metals are those most commonly used. Bro- 
 midum, Ammonii (U. S. P.), NH 4 Br. Dose 
 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). B. Blocks, porous 
 blocks of diatomaceous earth incinerated with 
 calcium saccharate and impregnated with 
 three times their weight of bromin, which is 
 gradually given off by them. They are 
 used as disinfectants. Bromidum, Calcii 
 (U. S. P.), CaBr 2 . Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32- 
 4.0 Gm.). B. Chlorid, BrCl (below io° 
 C.), a reddish-yellow, mobile, very volatile 
 liquid. It is used as an internal and ex- 
 ternal caustic in cancer. Bromid, Ethyl, 
 C 2 H 5 Br, useful in spasmodic coughs. Dose 
 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). Bromidi, 
 Ferri, Syrupus, contains 10% of the salt. 
 Dose i-i dr. (2-4 Cc). B. Iodid, IBr 5 , a 
 dark -brown liquid, soluble in water; it is 
 used as a gargle in diphtheria, in 0.1% 
 solution. Bromidum, Lithii (U. S. P.), LiBr. 
 Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). Bromidum, 
 Nickel. See Nickel. B. Pentachlorid, 
 BrCl 5 , a caustic liquid. Bromidum, Potassii 
 (U. S. P.), KBr. Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 
 Gm). Bromidum, Sodii (U. S. P.), NaBr. 
 Dose 5 gr.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 Gm.). Bro- 
 midum, Strontii (U. S. P.), SrBr 2 . Dose 
 15-20 gr. (1. 0-1.3 Cm.). Bromidum, Zinci 
 
 (U. S. P.), ZnBr 2 . Dose 
 
 ■2 gr. (0.032- 
 
 0.13 Gm.). 
 
 Brominated, Brominized (bro' '-min-a-ted, 
 -Izd). Combined with bromin. 
 
 Brominism, Bromism (bro'-min-izm, bro'- 
 mizm) [bromin]. Certain peculiar phenomena 
 produced by the prolonged administration of 
 the bromids. The most marked symptoms 
 are headache, coldness of the extremities, 
 feebleness of the heart's action, somnolence, 
 apathy, anesthesia of the soft palate and 
 pharynx, pallor of the skin, and a peculiar 
 eruption of acne which is one of the ear- 
 liest and most constant symptoms. There is 
 also anorexia, and at times there are loss of 
 sexual power and atrophy of the testes or 
 mammas. 
 
 Bromiodoform (bro-mi-o' -do-form), CHBr 2 I. 
 A substitution-compound of bromin and 
 iodoform. 
 
 Bromipin {bro' -mi-pin). A liquid compound 
 of bromin and sesame oil containing 10 % 
 of bromin. It is used as a sedative in epi- 
 lepsy. Dose 1-3 teaspoonfuls daily. 
 
 Bromite (bro'-mlt). 1. Native silver bromid. 
 2. A salt of bromous acid. 
 
 Bromium (bro'-me-um). Bromin. 
 
 Bromoalbumin (bro-mo-aV -bu-min). A com- 
 pound of bromin (10 %) and albumin; it is used 
 in epilepsy. Syn., Bromalbumin; Bromosin. 
 
 Bromocamphor {bro -mo -ham'-) or). See Cam- 
 phor, Monobromated. 
 
 Bromocoll (bro'-mo-kol). A product of the 
 condensation of bromin, tannin, and gelatin; 
 a light-brown, odorless, almost tasteless 
 powder, containing 20% of bromin, soluble 
 in alcoholic fluids. It is indicated when 
 
 other bromids are not well borne 
 Dose 15-75 g r - ( z ~5 Gm.) a day; in 
 epilepsy, 123 gr. (8 Gm.). Syn., Dibromo- 
 tannic glue. 
 
 Bromoform (bro' '-mo-form), CHBr 3 . A bromid 
 having a structure like that of chloroform, 
 CHC1 3 ; it is sedative and anesthetic and is 
 used in whooping-cough and in seasickness 
 in doses of 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). 
 Syn., Formobromid; Formylbromid; Methenyl 
 tribromid; Tribromme thane. 
 
 Bromohyperidrosis (bro-mo-hi-per-id-ro'-sis) 
 [ftpoopLoc, a stench; unkp, over; 'iopojatc, a 
 perspiring]. A condition marked by exces- 
 sive and offensive perspiration. 
 
 Bromol (bro'-mol), C 6 H 2 Br 3 OH. Tribromo- 
 phenol; an antiseptic substance used in the 
 form of a powder, solution (1 : 30 olive 
 oil), or ointment (1 : 10). Internally it is 
 used in cholera infantum and typhoid fever. 
 Dose tV~ 3 gr- (0.006-0.02 Gm.). 
 
 Bromolithia (bro-mo-lith' -e-ah) . A proprietary 
 remedy for gout. 
 
 Bromo mania (bro-mo-ma'-ne-ah). Insanity 
 from excessive use of bromids. 
 
 Bromomenorrhea (bro-mo-men-or-e f -ah) [flpto- 
 fxoc, stench; jjltjv, month; pe'tv, to flow]. Dis- 
 ordered menstruation marked by offensiveness 
 of the flow. 
 
 Bromophenol ibro-mo-fe'-nol). 1. See Bromol. 
 2. C 6 H 4 BrOH. . A violet-colored liquid ob- 
 tained from phenol by action of bromin. 
 It is used in a 1 to 2 % ointment in treatment 
 of erysipelas. Syn., Orthobromphenol. 
 
 Bromopropylene (bro-mo-pro'-pil-en). See 
 Allyl Bromid. 
 
 Bromopyrin (bro-mo-pi'-rin). 1. C n H u Br- 
 N 2 0, a substance used as is antipyrin, occur- 
 ring in white needles, soluble in alcohol, 
 chloroform, and hot water, melting at 114 C. 
 Dose 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0 Gm.). Syn., Mono- 
 bromoanlipyrin* 2. A proprietary mixture 
 said to consist of antipyrin, caffein, and 
 sodium bromid. 
 
 Bromoseltzer ibro-mo-selt'-zer). A proprietary 
 headache remedy. 
 
 Bromoserum (bro-mo-se'-rum). A solution of 
 6 parts of sodium bromid and 1.5 parts of 
 sodium chlorid in 1000 parts of water. It is 
 used by injection as a substitute for bromids. 
 
 Bromous (bro'-mus). Containing bromin united 
 with oxygen in the same proportion as in the 
 chlorous compounds. 
 
 Bromphenols (brom-fe'-nolz). A series of bro- 
 mated phenols occurring at times in the 
 precipitates of tested urine. 
 
 Bro mum (bro' -mum). See Bromin. 
 
 Bromurated (bro f -mu-ra-ted) . Containing bro- 
 min or a bromin salt. 
 
 Broncheopyra (brong-ke-o-pi' -rah) [bronchus; 
 nop, fire]. A suffocative cough. 
 
 Bronchiadenoscirrhus (brong-ke-ad-en-o-skir' '- 
 us) [bronchus; ad fy, a gland; ontppbc, hard]. 
 Scirrhus of the bronchial glands. 
 
 Bronchial (brong' -ke-al) [bronchus]. Relating 
 to the bronchi. B. Arteries. See under Artery. 
 B. Fluke. See Distoma ringeri. B. Glands, 
 
BRONCHIARCTIA 
 
 217 
 
 BRONCHOPLEURISY 
 
 the chain of lymphatic glands running beside 
 the bronchi. 
 
 Bronchiarctia (brong-ke-ark'-she-ah). See 
 Bronchostenosis. 
 
 Bronchiectasis (brong-ke-ek' '-tas-is) [bronchus; 
 'itczaotc, dilation]. Dilation of the walls of 
 the bronchi. It occurs in chronic bronchitis, 
 in fibroid pneumonia, and in tuberculosis of 
 the lung. It may involve a tube uniformly, 
 producing the cylindric form; or it may 
 occur irregularly in sacs or pockets — the sac- 
 culated form. The characteristic symptom 
 of bronchiectasis is paroxysmal coughing, 
 with the expectoration of large quantities of 
 mucopurulent, often fetid, matter. Cavernous 
 breathing may be heard over the dilated 
 tubes. 
 
 Bronchiocrisis (brong-ke-o-kri'-sis) [bronchus; 
 crisis]. Paroxysmal coughing in tabes dor- 
 salis. * 
 
 Bronchiole (brong'-ke-ol) [dim. of bronchus]. 
 One of the smallest subdivisions of the 
 bronchi. 
 
 Bronchiolectasis (brong-ke-o-lek f -ta-sis) [bron- 
 chiole; iKzaacc, dilation]. A rare form 
 of bronchiectasis diffused to all parts of the 
 lung, making it appear as if riddled with 
 small cavities. 
 
 Bronchiolitis (brong-ke-o-li'-tis) [bronchiole, 
 exec, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 bronchioles. B., Asthmatic. See B., Ex- 
 udative. B., Exudative, B. exudativa, an 
 inflammation of the bronchioles, with ex- 
 udation, a condition by some held to be the 
 cause of bronchial asthma. B. fibrosa 
 obliterans, B. obliterans, B., Obliterating 
 Fibrous, bronchiolitis resulting in obliteration 
 of the finest bronchioles by connective -tissue 
 plugs. 
 
 Bronchismus ibrong-kiz'-mus). Suffocative 
 bronchial spasm due to spinal paralysis. 
 
 Bronchitic (brong-kit' -ik) [bronchitis]. Relating 
 to, of the nature of, or affected with, 
 bronchitis. 
 
 Bronchitis (brong-ki'-tis) [bronchus; ntc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the bronchial tubes. Syn., 
 Pleuritis bronchialis. B., Acute, is due to 
 exposure to cold, to the inhalation of irritant 
 vapors, to certain infectious agents, etc. It 
 is characterized by fever, cough, substernal 
 pain, and by dry rales in the early, and 
 moist rales in the later, stages. B., Capil- 
 lary, an acute bronchitis of the finer 
 bronchioles; it is generally the result of 
 a downward extension of an acute bron- 
 chitis. Children are most frequently affected. 
 Dyspnea, nervous depression, and cyanosis 
 are prominent symptoms. Catarrhal pneu- 
 monia is a common complication. B., 
 Catarrhal, a form attended with profuse 
 mucopurulent discharges. B., Chronic, a 
 form of bronchitis usually occurring in middle 
 or advanced life, characterized by cough and 
 by dry and moist rales. It may be due 
 to repeated attacks of acute bronchitis, to 
 gout, rheumatism, or tuberculosis, or it may 
 
 be secondary to cardiac and renal disease. 
 B., Croupous, B., Fibrinous, B., Plastic, 
 
 a rare variety attended with the expectoration 
 of casts of the bronchial tubes, containing 
 Charcot-Leyden crystals and eosinophil cells, 
 after a paroxysm of dyspnea and violent cough- 
 ing. B . , Dry , that unattended by expectoration. 
 B., Mechanic, a form caused by the inhala- 
 tion of dust, etc. B., Potter's. Same as B., 
 Mechanic. B., Putrid, B., Fetid, a variety of 
 chronic bronchitis characterized by the dis- 
 charge of a copious, half-liquid, extremely 
 offensive sputum. B., Suffocative, B. 
 suffocans, acute capillary bronchitis. B., 
 Summer, hay-fever. 
 
 Broncho- (brong-ko-) [bronchus]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to the bronchi. 
 
 Bronchocavernous (brong-ko-kav' '-er-nus) . 
 
 Both bronchial and cavernous; it is applied 
 to respiration. 
 
 Bronchocele (brong'-ko-sel or -se'-le) [bron- 
 cho-; ktjXtj, a tumor]. Really a tumor 
 of a bronchus, but generally signifying 
 goiter. B., Aerial. See Aerocele. 
 
 Bronchocephalitis (brong-ko-sef-al-i'-tis). 
 
 Synonym of Whooping-cough. 
 
 Bronchoconstrictor (brong-ko-kon-strik'-tor) . 
 Constricting the caliber of the air-passages 
 of the lungs. 
 
 Bronchodilator (brong-ko-di-la'-tor). Dilating 
 the caliber of the air-passages of the lungs. 
 
 Bronchohemorrhagia (brong-ko-hem-or- 
 
 a'-je-ah). Extravasation of blood from the 
 lining membrane of the bronchial tubes. 
 
 Broncholith (brong'-ko-lith) [broncho-; 
 
 XlOog, a stone]. A calculus or concretion 
 formed in a bronchial tube. 
 
 Broncholithiasis (brong-ko-lith-i'-a-sis) [bron- 
 cho-; lithiasis]. The formation of calculi 
 in the bronchial apparatus. 
 
 Bronchomotor (brong-ko-mo'-tor). Affecting 
 the caliber of the bronchial apparatus. 
 
 Bronchomycosis (brong-ko-mi-ko' '-sis) [bron- 
 cho-; mycosis]. The growth or presence of 
 fungi in a bronchial tube. 
 
 Bronchopathy (brong-ko p'-a-the) [broncho-; 
 nadoc, disease]. Any disease of a bronchus. 
 
 Bronchophony (brong-koj'-o-ne) [bron- 
 
 cho-; (jxovr), the voice]. The resonance 
 of the voice within the bronchi as heard 
 on auscultating the chest. It is normally 
 present over the lower cervical spines, in the 
 upper interscapular region, and over the 
 sternal portion of the infraclavicular regions. 
 The most frequent pathologic cause is con- 
 solidation of the lung. B., Accidental, 
 that due to disease. B., Pectoriloquous. 
 See Pectoriloquy. B., Whispered, bron- 
 chophony elicited by causing the patient to 
 whisper. 
 
 Bronchoplasty (brong' -ko-plas-te) [broncho-; 
 7zXaooecv, to form]. The closure of a 
 tracheal or bronchial fistula by operation. 
 
 Bronchoplegia (brong-ko-ple 1 '-je-ah) [broncho-; 
 nXrjyr), a blow]. Paralysis of the bronchial tubes. 
 
 Bronchopleurisy (brong-ko-plu'-ris-e). Bron- 
 chitis existing with pleurisy. 
 
BRONCHOPLEUROPNEUMONIA 218 
 
 BRUCIN 
 
 Bronchopleuropneumonia (brong-ko-plu-ro- 
 nu-mo f -ne-ah) . Coexistent bronchitis, pleu- 
 risy, and pneumonia. 
 
 Bronchopneumonia (brong-ko-nu-mo' -ne-ah) 
 [broncho-; pneumonia]. Lobular pneumonia, 
 a term applied to inflammation of the lungs, 
 which, beginning in the bronchi, finally in- 
 volves the parenchyma of the lungs. This 
 disease is most frequently encountered in 
 children, but may occur in old age, and may 
 be a simple catarrhal or a tuberculous pro- 
 cess. Syn., Br onchio pneumonia; Broncho- 
 alveolitis; Broncho pneumonitis; Catarrhal 
 pneumonia ; Microbronchitis. 
 
 Bronchorrhagia (brong-kor-a 1 '-je-ah) [broncho-; 
 p-qyvuvai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from 
 the bronchial tubes. 
 
 Bronchorrhea (brong-kor-e'-ah) [broncho-; 
 pecv, to flow]. A form of bronchitis 
 attended with profuse expectoration. Syn., 
 Blennorrhagia pulmonum; Bronchoblennorrhea. 
 B., Serous, a form in which the sputum 
 is serous. 
 
 Bronchorrhoncus {brong-kor-ong'-kus). A 
 bronchial rale. 
 
 Bronchoscope {brong'- ko-skop) [broncho-; 
 oK07is.lv, to look]. An instrument em- 
 ployed in bronchoscopy. 
 
 Bronchoscopy (brong-kos'-ko-pe). Inspection 
 of the bronchial tubes through a tracheal 
 opening. 
 
 Bronchostenosis (brong-ko-ste-no' -sis) [bron- 
 cho-; azevoc, narrow]. Contraction of a 
 bronchus. 
 
 Bronchotome {brong' -ko-tom) [broncho-; 
 vifivecv, to cut]. An instrument for cutting 
 the larynx or trachea in the operation of 
 bronchotomy. 
 
 Bronchotomy (brong-kof '-o-me) [see Broncho- 
 tome]. Incision into the larynx, trachea, or 
 bronchus. 
 
 Bronchotracheal (brong-ko-tra' -ke-al) [bron- 
 cho-; rpa/sla, the windpipe]. Relating to 
 a bronchus (or to both bronchi) and to the 
 trachea. 
 
 Bronchovesicular (brong-ko-ves-ik'-u-lar) 
 
 [broncho-; vesicula, a vesicle]. Both bron- 
 chial and vesicular. See Breath-sounds, Table 
 of. 
 
 Bronchus {brong' -hus) [ftpoyxoc, bronchus; 
 pi., bronchi]. One of the primary divisions 
 of the trachea. Bronchi, Eparterial, the 
 bronchi situated above the pulmonary artery. 
 Bronchi, Hyparterial, those situated below 
 the pulmonary artery. 
 
 Bronzed (bronzd) [bronzium, bronze]. Tanned; 
 of a bronzed color. B. Skin, a symptom 
 of Addison's disease. B.-skin Disease. 
 See Addison's Disease. 
 
 Broom. See Scoparius. 
 
 Brossard's Type of Progressive Muscular 
 Atrophy (bros-ar'-r). "Type femoral avec 
 griffe des orteils" (femoral type with a claw- 
 like appearance of the toes). See EichhorsVs 
 Type. 
 
 Broth. See Bouillon. 
 
 Brow (brow) [AS., bru]. The forehead; the 
 
 upper anterior portion of the head. B.- 
 ague, neuralgia of the first division of the 
 fifth cranial nerve, generally due to malaria. 
 B.-pang. Synonym of Hemicrania. B. 
 Presentation, presentation of the fetal 
 brow in labor. 
 
 Brown (broun) [AS. ; brun]. Having a dark 
 color inclining toward red or yellow. B. 
 Atrophy, an atrophy of a tissue associated 
 with a deposit therein of a brown or yellow 
 pigment. B., Bismarck-. See Bismarck- 
 brown. B. Induration of Lung, a state of 
 the lung due to long-continued congestion, 
 usually arising from valvular heart disease. 
 It is characterized by an increase in connec- 
 tive tissue and an excess of pigment. B. 
 Mixture, mistura glycyrrhizse composita. 
 B. Ointment, the unguentum fuscum (N. F.); 
 called also unguentum matris, or "mother's 
 salve." It is composed of "brown plaster," 
 2 parts; oil, i part; suet, i part. B. Plaster, 
 the emplastrum fuscum camphoratum (N. F.); 
 called also emplastrum matris camphoratum, 
 or "camphorated mother's plaster"; official 
 in German pharmacy. It is made of red 
 oxid of lead, 30 parts; olive -oil, 60 parts; 
 yellow wax, 15 parts; camphor, 1 part. 
 
 Brown's Phenomenon. See Brownian Move- 
 ment. 
 
 Browne's (Crichton) Sign. Tremor of 
 the labial commissures and outer angles 
 of the eyes in the early stage of paralytic 
 dementia. 
 
 Brownian Movement. An oscillatory move- 
 ment observed under the microscope in very 
 fine granules, drops, etc., when suspended in 
 a liquid. The movement is not locomotion, 
 and is to be distinguished from that of the 
 self-motility of living microorganisms. Its 
 cause is not definitely known, but it may be 
 due to heat, light, electricity, osmosis, etc. 
 Same as Pedesis. 
 
 Brown-Sequard's Paralysis (sa-kar'-r). Paral- 
 ysis and hyperesthesia of one side and anes- 
 thesia of the other side of the body. 
 
 Brucea (bru-se'-ah) [Bruce, the Abyssinian 
 explorer (1 730-1 794)]. A genus of plants 
 of the order Simarubece. B. ferruginea is an 
 Abyssinian species; the bark and root are 
 used in dysentery. B. sumatrana is a species 
 of the Asiatic tropics and of Australia; all 
 parts of the plant are bitter, tonic, febrifuge, 
 vermifuge, and antidysenteric. 
 
 Bruch's Glands. Lymph-follicles found in 
 the conjunctiva about the inner canthus of 
 ruminants. B.'s Layer, B.'s Membrane, 
 the lamina basalis which forms the inner 
 boundary of the choroid. 
 
 Brucin (bru'-sin) [Brucea], C 23 H 26 N 2 4 . A 
 poisonous alkaloid found in Strychnos nux- 
 vomica and in Strychnos ignatius. It 
 crystallizes in prisms containing 4H 2 0, 
 and melts at 178°-. Its taste is ex- 
 ceedingly bitter and acrid. Its action on the 
 animal economy is similar to, but much less 
 powerful than, that of strychnin. Dose T V~§ 
 gr. (0.005-0.03 Gm.); maximum dose f gr. 
 
BRUCK'S DISEASE 
 
 219 
 
 BRYANT'S AMPULLA 
 
 (0.05 Gm.), single; 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.) a day. 
 Antidotes: chloral, chloroform, tannic acid. 
 Syn., Brucia; Brucinum; Brucium; Pseudo- 
 angustin; Vomicin. B. Bromhydrate, B. 
 Hydrobromate, C^H^NgCj . HBr, a sub- 
 stitute for strychnin in ophthalmic surgery; 
 it is 40 times less poisonous. B. Hydro- 
 chlorate, C 23 H 26 N 2 4 . HC1, small white 
 crystals, soluble in water; used as is brucin. 
 B. Nitrate, C 23 H 26 N 2 4 . HN0 3 + 3H 2 0, 
 white crystalline powder, soluble in water; 
 used as is brucin. B. Phosphate, (C 23 H 26 N 2 - 
 4 ) 2 H 3 P0 4 , white, crystalline powder, soluble 
 in water; use and dose the same as those of 
 brucin. B. Sulfate, (C^H^Npj^SC^-f- 
 3§H 2 0, white, microscopic crystals, soluble in 
 water and alcohol; use and dosage the same 
 as those of brucin. 
 
 Bruck's Disease. A syndrome described by 
 Bruck as consisting of multiple fractures and 
 marked deformity of bones, ankylosis of most 
 of the joints, and muscular atrophy. 
 
 Bruecke's Lines. The broad bands which 
 alternate with Krause's membranes in the 
 fibrils of striated muscles. B.'s Muscle. 
 1. See Bowman's Muscle. 2. The muscu- 
 laris mucosa? of the small and large intestine. 
 B.'s Reagent for Proteids, saturate a 
 boiling 10% solution of potassium iodid 
 with freshly precipitated mercuric iodid. 
 Filter when cool; the filtrate is used with 
 hydrochloric acid as a precipitant for 
 the proteids. B.'s Tunica nervea, the 
 layers of the retina, exclusive of the rods 
 and cones. 
 
 Bruggiser's Hernia. See Kroenlein's Her- 
 nia. 
 
 Bruit (bru-e) [Fr., "a noise or report"]. An 
 adventitious sound heard on auscultation. 
 For kinds — amphoric, rotatory, etc. — see 
 Murmur. B., Aneurysmal, the blowing 
 murmur heard over an aneurysm. B. 
 d'airain, the ringing note heard through 
 the stethoscope applied to the chest-wall 
 when a coin is struck against another pressed 
 against the surface of the chest on the oppo- 
 site side. It is pathognomonic of a col- 
 lection of gas in the pleural cavity. B. 
 de clapotement, a splashing sound often 
 heard in cases of well-marked dilation of 
 the stomach when pressure is made upon the 
 abdominal walls. B. de cuir neuf, the 
 creaking sound, like that of new leather, 
 sometimes heard in pericarditis. B. de 
 diable, a humming, rushing sound heard in 
 the veins in anemia. B. de galop, a can- 
 tering rhythm of the heart-sounds, in which, 
 owing to a reduplication of the second sound, 
 three sounds are heard. It occurs most fre- 
 quently in mitral stenosis. B. de pot fele, 
 the cracked-pot sound. B. de rappel, a 
 sound resembling the double beat upon a 
 drum. B. de soufflet, the bellows-murmur. 
 B., Leudet's, a fine cracking sound in the 
 ear, audible to both the observer and the 
 patient, in catarrhal and nervous affections 
 of the ear. It is attributed to spasm of the 
 
 external peristaphylinus muscle. B., Pla- 
 cental, the uterine souffle, a blowing sound 
 heard over the uterus in pregnancy. B., 
 Verstraeten's, a bruit heard over the lower 
 border of the liver in some cachectic indi- 
 viduals. 
 
 Brun's Test for Uric Acid in Minute Particles. 
 Examine the particle in naphthalin mono- 
 bromid, the index of refraction of which is 
 1.66. Compare this with indexes of refrac- 
 tion of uric acid, 1.73; calcium oxalate, 1.60; 
 calcium phosphate, 1.63. If on raising the 
 tube of the microscope the crystal becomes 
 brilliant, the substance under the micro- 
 scope has a higher index than the fluid 
 in which it is immersed; it becomes darker 
 if the substance has a lower index than 
 the fluid. 
 
 Brunfelsia (brun-feV -se-ali) [O. Brunfels, a 
 botanist of Metz (1464-1534)]. A genus of 
 plants of the order Saponacece. A syrup 
 made from the fruit of B. americana, a West 
 Indian species, is used as a tonic in recovery 
 from diarrhea. B. uniflora, of Brazil, is 
 purgative, emetic, and emmenagog. Syn., 
 Mercurio vegetal. 
 
 Brunn's Cell-nests, B.'s Epithelial Nests. 
 Branched or solid groups of flat epithelial 
 cells occurring in all normal ureters. B.'s 
 Glands. See Glands, Brunnefs. B.'s Layer, 
 the stratum of more or less pyramidal epithe- 
 lial cells forming the deep layer of the nasal 
 mucous membrane. 
 
 Brunner's Glands. See Glands, Brunner's. 
 
 Brunonian Movement. See Brownian 
 Movement. B. Theory, Brownism; a doc- 
 trine, taught by Dr. J. Brown (1735-88), 
 that both physiologic and pathologic phe- 
 nomena are due to variations in a natural 
 stimulus, its excess causing sthenic, and its 
 deficiency producing asthenic, diseases. 
 
 Brush [OF., broce]. An instrument con- 
 sisting of a collection of some flexible 
 material fastened to a handle. In medicine 
 various forms of brushes are employed, as the 
 acid brush, of glass threads; the electric 
 brush, an electrode in the form of a brush; 
 the laryngeal brush; the nasal, pharyngeal, 
 and stomach brush. B.-burn, the injury 
 produced by violent friction and the re- 
 sulting heat; it often resembles a burn or 
 scald. B., Terminal. See Motorial End- 
 plate. 
 
 Bryant's Ampulla. The apparent distention 
 of an artery immediately above a ligature, 
 due to the contraction of the vessel above the 
 ampulla, where it is not completely filled by 
 the clot. B.'s Iliofemoral Triangle, the 
 rectangle formed by a vertical line dropped 
 from the anterior superior iliac spine to the 
 horizontal plane of the body; by a second 
 line drawn from the anterior superior iliac 
 spine to the tip of the trochanter, and by a 
 third, the "test-line," which joins the two 
 at a right angle to the vertical line. Short- 
 ening of the neck of the femur will be indi- 
 cated by a shortening of the test-line. B.'s 
 
BRYCE'S TEST 
 
 220 
 
 BUCKTHORN 
 
 Line, the vertical line forming one of the 
 boundaries of the iliofemoral triangle. 
 
 Bryce's Test. For vaccinal infection: the 
 inoculation is repeated at a certain period in 
 the evolution of vaccinia, upon the theory 
 that systemic infection does not take place 
 at once, but only after the lapse of a number 
 of days from the time of inoculation. 
 
 Bryonia {bri-o' -ne-ah) [ftpucovta, bryony]. 
 Bryony. The root of B. alba and B. dioica, 
 indigenous to Europe. Its properties are 
 due to an intensely bitter glucosid, bryonin, 
 C 48 H 80 O 19 , which is a strong irritant when 
 applied to the skin or mucous membrane, 
 often producing vesication. It is used in 
 pleurisy, pleuropneumonia, rheumatic fever, 
 and colds. Dose of the powdered root 10-30 
 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of the infusion (1 : 16) 
 \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc); of the tincture, a 10 % 
 solution of the root in alcohol, 1-2 dr. 
 (4-8 Cc). All unof. 
 
 Bryonidin (bri-on' -id-in) . A glucosid iso- 
 lated from Bryonia alba, more active than 
 bryonin. 
 
 Bryonin {bri'-o-nin). See under Bryonia. 
 
 Bryony {bri'-o-ne). See Bryonia. 
 
 Bryson's Sign. Diminished power of ex- 
 pansion of the thorax during inspiration; 
 occasionally observed in exophthalmic goiter 
 and in neurasthenia. 
 
 Bubo (bu'-bo) [ftouftwv, the groin]. Inflam- 
 mation and swelling of a lymphatic gland, 
 particularly of the groin, and usually fol- 
 lowing chancroid, gonorrhea, or syphilitic 
 infection. Syn., Adin; Inguinal adenitis; 
 Sympathetic abscess. B., Absorption. 
 See B., Virulent. B., Indolent, one with 
 enlargement and hyperplasia without the 
 formation of pus or any tendency to break 
 down. Syn., Adenitis e blennorrhea; Adenitis 
 e sclerosi. B., Parotid. See Parotitis. 
 B., Pestilential, that associated with the 
 plague. B., Primary, a slight adenitis of 
 the groin due to mechanic irritation or other 
 cause ; formerly supposed to be due to syphilis 
 without a chancre having preceded. B., 
 Rheumatic, a hard lump, occurring oftenest 
 on the back of the neck, as a sequel of acute 
 articular rheumatism. B., Serpiginous, an 
 ulcerated bubo which changes its seat or 
 in which the ulceration extends in one 
 direction while healing in another. B., 
 Simple. See B., Sympathetic. B., Stru- 
 mous, hypertrophied glands forming a 
 large indolent swelling in a scrofulous 
 subject. B., Sympathetic, one caused by 
 irritation, friction, injury, etc., and not 
 arising from an infectious disease. B., 
 Syphilitic, that which appears in syphilis 
 a few days after the primary lesion. It 
 runs a slow course of six months or more. 
 Syn., Primitive syphilitic adenitis. B., Vene- 
 real, that due to venereal disease. B., Viru- 
 lent, an ulcerated, suppurating bubo due to 
 absorption of the virus of a chancre. Syn., 
 Chancrous adenitis. 
 
 Bubon d'emblee [Fr.]. See Bubo, Primary. 
 
 Bubonic {bu-bon'-ik) [see Bubo]. Relating 
 to a bubo. B. Plague. Synonym of 
 Plague. 
 
 Bubonocele (bu-bon' '-o-sel) [fiouficov, the groin; 
 KTjXfj, hernia]. Inguinal hernia when the gut 
 does not extend beyond the inguinal canal. 
 
 Buccal {buk'-al) [bucca, the cheek]. Pertain- 
 ing to the cheek. 
 
 Buccellation {buk-sel-a' -shun) [buccella, a 
 morsel]. Hemostasis by a lint compress. 
 
 Buccilingual (buk-se-ling' '-wal) [bucca; lingua, 
 the tongue]. Relating to the cheek and the 
 tongue. 
 
 Buccinatolabialis {buk-sin-at-o-la-be-a' -lis) . 
 The buccinator and orbicularis oris regarded 
 as one. 
 
 Buccinator ibuk' -sin-a-tor) [L., "a trumpeter"]. 
 The thin, flat muscle of the cheek. 
 
 Buccolingually (buk-o-lin' '-gwal-e) . From the 
 cheek toward the tongue. 
 
 Buccula (buk'-u-lah) [L., dim. of bucca]. 
 The fleshy fold seen beneath the 
 chin, and forming what is called a double 
 chin. 
 
 Buchner's Albuminoid Bodies. Defensive 
 proteids. B.'s Humoral Theory. See under 
 Immunity. 
 
 Buchu {bu'-ku) [native African]. The leaves 
 of several species of Barosma, yielding a 
 volatile oil, to which its properties are proba- 
 bly due, and a bitter extractive, barosmin 
 Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). It cause 
 a sensation of glowing' warmth over the 
 body, stimulates the appetite, and increases 
 the circulation. It is useful in cystitis and 
 other affections of the genitourinary mucous 
 membrane. Dose of the leaves 15-30 gr. 
 (1-2 Gm.). B., Fluidextract of (ftuidextract- 
 um buchu, U. S. P.). Dose 10 min.-i dr. 
 (0.65-4.0 Cc). B., Infusion of {infusum 
 buchu, B. P.). Dose 1-4 oz. (30-120 Cc). 
 B., Tincture of (linctura buchu, B. P.). Dose 
 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Buchwald's Atrophy. Idiopathic, diffuse, pro- 
 gressive atrophy of the skin. 
 
 Buck's Extension. An apparatus consisting 
 of a weight and pulley for applying extension 
 to a limb. B.'s Fascia, the sheath of the 
 corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongio- 
 sum, which arises from the symphysis pubis 
 by the suspensory ligament of the penis and 
 is continuous with the deep layer of the 
 superficial perineal fascia. 
 
 Buck-bean (buk'-ben). Bog-bean. The rhi- 
 zome of Menyanthes trijoliata, tonic, antiscor- 
 butic, and emmenagog. It has been recom- 
 mended as a vermifuge, and has been used 
 in functional amenorrhea. Dose of fluidex- 
 tract 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Buckeye Bark {buk'-i bark). The bark of 
 JEsculus glabra, astringent and tonic, used 
 in rectal irritation, prolapse, and various 
 uterine derangements. Dose of fluidextract 
 3-5 min. (0.2—0.32 Cc). 
 
 Buckthorn (buk' -thorn). See Frangula and 
 Rhamnus. B;, California. See Cascara 
 sagrada. 
 
 L 
 
BUCNEMIA 
 
 221 
 
 BULIMIA 
 
 Bucnemia (buk-ne'-me-ah) [ftou, increase; 
 Kvfjpir], the leg]. Inflammation of the leg, 
 characterized by tenseness and swelling; 
 elephantiasis; also phlegmasia dolens. B. 
 tropica, elephantiasis arabum. 
 
 Budd's Cirrhosis. See Cirrhosis, Budd's. 
 B.'s Jaundice. See Rokitansky's Disease. 
 
 Budding (bud'-ing) [ME., budden]. In 
 biology, a form of reproduction or cell-divi- 
 sion, occurring among the polyps and infu- 
 sorians, in which a bud is given off by the 
 parent and comes to resemble the latter. The 
 process is also called gemmation. 
 
 Budge's Center, i. The ciliospinal center 
 in the cervical spinal cord. 2. The genito- 
 spinal center in the lumbar spinal cord. 
 
 Buehlmann's Fibers. Certain lines on de- 
 cayed teeth. 
 
 Buetschili's Nuclear Spindle ibet'-she-le). 
 The spindle-shaped figure observed during 
 karyokinesis. 
 
 Buffy Coat (buf'-e). A grayish or buff- 
 colored crust or layer sometimes seen upon a 
 blood-clot, after phlebotomy, and once looked 
 upon as a sign of inflammation. It is caused 
 by the partial subsidence of the red blood- 
 corpuscles. 
 
 Bufotalin (bu-fo' '-tal-in) , C 119 H 171 25 . A toxic 
 substance isolated by Phisalix and Bertrand 
 from the parotid gland and skin of the 
 common toad, Bufo vulgaris; it is a trans- 
 parent resin, soluble in chloroform, alcohol, 
 and acetone. It acts on the heart and does 
 not affect the nervous centers. 
 
 Bufotenin (bu-}o r -ten-in) . A toxic body found 
 with bufotalin (q. v.); it exerts a powerfully 
 paralyzing action on the nervous centers. 
 
 Bugantia {bu-gan' -she-ah) [L.]. A chilblain. 
 
 Buhl's Desquamative Pneumonia. Caseous 
 pneumonia, in which the exudate consists 
 chiefly of desquamated alveolar epithelium. 
 B.'s Disease, acute fatty degeneration of the 
 viscera of the newborn, with hemorrhages 
 in various parts of the body. 
 
 Buhl-Dittrich's Law. In every case of acute 
 general miliary tuberculosis an old focus of 
 caseation is to be found somewhere in the 
 body. This law, being based upon the belief 
 in the etiologic nonidentity of diffuse caseous 
 and miliary tuberculosis, is not strictly in 
 conformity with modern views. 
 
 Bukardia (bu-kar' '-de-ah) [fiouKapd'ca, ox- 
 heart]. Hypertrophy of the heart. 
 
 Bulb [L., bulbus]. 1. An oval or circular 
 expansion of a cylinder or tube. 2. The 
 medulla oblongata. B., Arterial, the an- 
 terior part ' of the embryonic heart from 
 the division of which the aortic and pul- 
 monary stems have their origin B., Bra- 
 chial, B., Brachiorachidian, the expansion 
 of the spinal cord at the place of distribution 
 of the nerves forming the brachial plexus. 
 B., Crural, the dilation of the spinal cord 
 in the lumbar region. B.s, Four, the 
 corpora quadrigemina. B., Hair-, the swell- 
 ing at the root of a hair. B., Nerve-. 
 See End-bud and Motorial End-plate. B., 
 
 Olfactory, one of the two bulbs of the 
 olfactory nerve situated on each side of 
 the longitudinal fissure upon the under sur- 
 face of each anterior lobe of the cerebrum. 
 B., Rachidian, the oblongata. B.,Rouget's, 
 the bulb of the ovary; a plexus of veins 
 lying on the surface of the ovary and com- 
 municating with the uterine and pampini- 
 form plexuses. B. of Spinal Cord, B. of 
 Spinal Marrow, the oblongata. B.s, 
 Tonsillar, the lobules of the cerebellum. 
 Syn., Bulbi tonsillares. B. of Urethra, the 
 posterior expanded part of the corpus spon- 
 giosum. B. of Vagina, a small body of 
 erectile tissue on each side of the vestibule 
 of the vagina, homologous to the bulb of 
 the urethra of the male. B. of Vena jugu- 
 laris, the dilation at the termination of 
 the external jugular vein. 
 
 Bulbar (bul'-bar). Bulbous. Pertaining to 
 the medulla. B. Disease, B. Paralysis, a 
 term applied to the progressive and symmetric 
 paralysis of the muscles of the mouth, tongue, 
 pharynx, and sometimes those of the larynx. 
 This paralysis is due to a disease of the motor 
 nuclei in the medulla oblongata; an acute and a 
 chronic form are met. The acute form is 
 due to hemorrhage or softening; the chronic, 
 to degeneration. There is also a pseudobul- 
 bar paralysis, due to symmetric lesions of the 
 motor cerebral cortex. Syn., Labioglossolaryn- 
 geal paralysis. 
 
 Bulbi vestibuli (bul'-bi ves-tib'-u-li) [L.]. A 
 name sometimes given to the glands of 
 Bartholin. 
 
 Bulbocavernosus (bid-bo-kav-ern-o'-sus) [bidb; 
 caverna, a cavern]. The accelerator urinae 
 muscle, corresponding to the sphincter vaginee 
 of the female. 
 
 Bulbonuclear {bul-bo-nu f -kle-ar). Relating to 
 the oblongata and its nerve-nuclei. 
 
 Bulbopetal {bul-bop'-et-al) [bulb; peter e, to 
 seek]. Moving toward the bulb; said of 
 nerve-impulses. 
 
 Bulbourethral (bul-bo-u-rc' -thral) \bulb;oupifipa, 
 the urethra]. Relating to the bulb of the 
 urethra. 
 
 Bulbous [bidb]. Terminating in a bulb. 
 
 Bulbus (bul r -bus) [L.]. A bulb. B. arterio- 
 sus, at a certain stage in the development 
 of the heart the upper aortic enlargement 
 is so called. B. cinereus. See Bidb, 
 Olfactory. B. crinis, a hair-bulb. B. oculi, 
 the globe of the eye. B. pili. Same as 
 B. crinis. B. rhachidicus, the oblongata. 
 B. urethrae. See Urethra. B. venae jugu- 
 laris internae inferior, an enlargement 
 of the jugular vein immediately above its 
 union with the subclavian vein. B. vena^ 
 jugularis internae superior, an enlarge- 
 ment of the internal jugular vein at the 
 point of exit from the jugular foramen. B. 
 vestibuli, the bulb of the vagina. 
 
 Bulesis (bu-le'-sis) [floulrjocc, the will]. The 
 will, or an act of the will. 
 
 Bulimia (bu-lim' '-e-ah) [ftou, increase; Xcp.dc, 
 hunger]. Excessive, morbid hunger; it 
 
BULIMIC 
 
 222 
 
 BURSA 
 
 sometimes occurs in idiots and insane per- 
 sons, and it is also a symptom of diabetes 
 mellitus and of certain cerebral lesions. Syn., 
 Bulimiasis ; Bulimy. 
 
 Bulimic (bu-lim'-ik) [see Bulimia]. Pertaining 
 to or affected with bulimia. 
 
 Bulla (bul'-ah) [L., "a bubble"]. A bleb or 
 blister, consisting of a portion of the epider- 
 mis detached from the skin by the infiltra- 
 tion beneath it of watery fluid, the result 
 of a liquefaction-necrosis. B. dolentissima, 
 a small, very painful cutaneous ulcer, which 
 persists for a long time. B. ethmoidalis, a 
 rounded projection into the middle meatus 
 of the nose, due to an enlarged ethmoid cell. 
 B. a frigore, a blister from the effect of 
 cold. Bullae gangraenosae, those occurring 
 in moist gangrene of the skin. B. ossea, 
 the inflated or dilated part of the bony 
 external meatus of the ear. 
 
 Bullation ibul-a' -shun) [bullare, to bubble], 
 i. Inflation. 2. Division into small com- 
 partments. 
 
 Bullet Forceps. A forceps for extracting 
 bullets. 
 
 Bullous (buV-us) [bulla]. Marked by bullas; of 
 the nature of a bulla. 
 
 Bundle (bun'-dl) [AS., bindan, to bind]. In 
 biology, a fascicular grouping of elementary 
 tissues, as nerve-fibers or muscle-fibers. B., 
 Hemispheral, the posterior one of the two 
 bundles composing the anterior commissure. 
 It originates in the pyramidal cells of the 
 temporal lobe and amygdaloid nucleus, 
 passes through the external capsule and 
 lenticula, unites with the mesial -part of the 
 commissure at the point of the decussation 
 of its fibers, and radiates to the opposite 
 temporal lobe. B., Krause's Respiratory, 
 the solitary fascicle of the oblongata. B., 
 Longitudinal, a bundle of fibers outside of 
 the optic radiation, passing from the occipital 
 to the temporal lobe. B., Primitive, B., 
 Schwann's Primitive, a muscular fiber. B., 
 Solitary, B., Trineural. See under Solitary. 
 
 Bunge's Law. The epithelial cells of the 
 mammary gland (of the rabbit, cat, and dog) 
 select from the mineral salts of the blood- 
 plasma all the inorganic substances exactly 
 in the proportion in which they are necessary 
 for the development of the offspring and for 
 the building-up of the latter's organism. 
 
 Bunioid (boo'-ne-oid) [ftouvoc, a hill; eldoc, like- 
 ness]. Having a round form; applied to tumors. 
 
 Bunion (bun'-yun) [origin uncertain]. A 
 swelling of a bursa of the foot, especially of 
 the great toe. 
 
 Bunogaster (boon-o-gas'-ter) [ftouvoc, a little 
 hill; yaoz^p, stomach]. Having a protruding 
 abdomen. 
 
 Bunsen Burner. See Burner, Bunsen. B. 
 Cell. See under Battery. 
 
 Buphane {bu'-fan-e) [L.] A genus of plants of 
 the order AmaryllidecB. B. disticha is a native 
 of the Cape of Good Hope; the juice of the 
 bulb is used as an arrow-poison by the 
 Hottentots. 
 
 Buphthalmia, Buphthalmos {boof-thal'-me-ah, 
 -mos). See Kerato globus. 
 
 Bur, Burr [ME., burre]. 1. In botany, a rough, 
 prickly shell or case. 2. In dentistry, an 
 instrument with a rounded, pointed, cylin- 
 dric or ovoid head and a cutting blade, 
 used in the dental engine for excavating 
 carious dentin and for other purposes. B., 
 Surgical, an instrument similar in form to a 
 dental bur, but larger, designed for surgical 
 operations upon the bones. 
 
 Burckhardt's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, 
 Burckhardt's. 
 
 Burdach's Column. The posteroexternal 
 column of the spinal cord. B.'s Fissure, a 
 small fissure between the insula and the 
 operculum. B.'s Nucleus, the cuneate nu- 
 cleus, a small nucleus of gray matter in the 
 funiculus cuneatus of the oblongata, forming 
 the termination of the long fibers of Bur- 
 dach's column. B.'s Operculum. See 
 Arnold's Operculum. 
 
 Burdock (ber'-dok). See Lappa. 
 
 Buret {bu-ret') [Fr.]. A graduated tube designed 
 for measuring small quantities of a reagent. 
 It is usually held vertically in a stand and 
 is provided with a stopcock. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch. See under Pix. 
 
 Burma Head. A disease of the Burmese 
 territory marked by loss of memory, idiocy, 
 homicidal mania, and inability to walk. 
 
 Burn [ME., bernen, to burn]. 1. To become 
 inflamed. 2. To char or scorch. 3. To 
 have the sensation of heat. 4. An injury 
 caused by fire or dry heat. 5. A disease in 
 vegetables. 6. In chemistry, to oxygenize. 
 7. In surgery, to cauterize. B., Brush-. 
 See Brush-burn. 
 
 Burner [see Burn]. A common name for 
 a lamp or heating apparatus used in 
 laboratories for chemic and pharmaceutic 
 purposes. B., Argand, a burner that uses 
 gas or oil, and contains an inner tube for 
 supplying the flame with air. B., Bunsen, 
 a form in which, before ignition, the gas is 
 mixed with a sufficient quantity of air to 
 produce complete oxidation. 
 
 Burnett's Disinfecting Fluid. A strong 
 solution of zinc chlorid with a little iron 
 chlorid. 
 
 Burns' Amaurosis. Postmarital amblyopia. 
 Impaired vision caused by sexual excess. 
 B.'s (Allan) Ligament. See Hey's Liga- 
 ment. 
 
 Burow's Vein. An inconstant venous trunk 
 formed by branches of the inferior epigastric 
 veins and joining the umbilical vein. 
 
 Burrowing (bur f -o-ing) [ME., beorg, defense; 
 heap; burrow]. The term given to the pass- 
 age of pus through the tissues after the for- 
 mation of an abscess. 
 
 Bursa {bur'-sah) [L., "a purse"]. A small 
 sac interposed between parts that move upon 
 one another. B., Accidental, B., Adven- 
 titious, one resembling a bursa mucosa, but 
 due to friction or pressure. B., Acromial, 
 External, one beneath the acromion, be- 
 
 ^ 
 
BURSALIS. 
 
 223 
 
 BYNIN 
 
 
 tween the coracoid process, the deltoid 
 muscle, and the capsular ligament. B., 
 Acromial, Internal, one lying above the 
 acromion, between the tendon of the infra- 
 spinatus and the teres major. B., Gluteo- 
 fascial, B., Gluteotrochanteric, one lying 
 between the trochanter major and the gluteus 
 maximus. B., Iliac, i. One lying between 
 the tendon of the iliacus muscle and the tro- 
 chanter minor. 2. One between the pelvic 
 brim and the iliopsoas muscle. B. mu- 
 cosa, a membranous sac secreting synovial 
 fluid. B., Omental, B. omentalis, a large 
 cavity formed by the peritoneum back of the 
 stomach and in the great omentum. It is di- 
 vided into the bursa of the great omentum and 
 the bursa of the lesser omentum. B. patellae, 
 B. patellaris, one lying between the patella 
 and the skin. B. patellaris lateralis ex- 
 terna, one lying between the patella and 
 the external lateral dilation of the tendon 
 of the quadriceps extensor cruris; it is 
 rarely found. B. patellaris lateralis in- 
 terna, one between the patella and the inner 
 lateral dilation of the quadriceps extensor 
 cruris; it may be either deep or superficial. 
 B. pharyngea, a blind pouch projecting 
 upward from the pharynx toward the occi- 
 pital bone. B., Popliteal, a bursa situated 
 in the popliteal space between the tendon 
 of the semimembranosus and the tendon of 
 the inner head of the gastrocnemius, where 
 they rub against each other. B., Prepa- 
 tellar, a bursa situated over the patella 
 and the upper part of the patellar ligament. 
 B. sacralis, one found in the aged over the 
 sacrococcygeal articulation or over the spine 
 of the fourth or fifth sacral vertebra. B ., Sub- 
 hyoid. See Subhyoid Bursa. B., Synovial, 
 one found between tendons and bony surfaces. 
 
 Bursalis {bursa' -lis). The obturator internus 
 muscle. 
 
 Bursera (bur'-ser-ah) [Burser, a German 
 botanist]. A genus of tropical trees, several 
 species of which afford resinous gums. B. 
 gummifera is a native of South America; 
 the resin, chibou or cachibou, is used in 
 plasters and salves and internally in diseases 
 of the lungs and kidney. The leaves are 
 vulnerary, the bark is anthelmintic and 
 antigonorrheic, and the root is used in diar- 
 rhea. 
 
 Burserin (bur'-ser-in) [see Bursera]. A resin- 
 ous constituent of opobalsamum. 
 
 Bursin (bur' -sin). An alkaloid isolated from 
 Cap sella bursa-pastoris. It is a yellow, deli- 
 quescent powder, used as an astringent, tonic, 
 and styptic instead of ergot, and hypodermat- 
 ically in aqueous solution. 
 
 Bursitis (bur-si' -tis) [bursa; exec, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of a bursa. 
 
 Burton's Line. A blue line along the margins 
 of the gums in chronic lead-poisoning. 
 
 Butane (bu'-tan), C 4 . H 10 . An anesthetic sub- 
 stance isolated from petroleum. Syn., Butyl 
 hydrid. 
 
 Butter of Cacao, See Cacao-butter. 
 
 Butterin (but'-er-in) [butter). An artificial sub- 
 stitute for butter, made principally of beef- 
 fat. 
 
 Buttocks (but'-uks) [dim. of butt, an end]. 
 The nates. The fleshy part of the body 
 posterior to the hip-joints, formed by the 
 masses of the glutei muscles. 
 
 Button (but'-un). See Furunculus orien- 
 talis. B., Amboyna. See Frambesia. B., 
 Belly-, the navel. B., Biskra. See 
 Furunculus orientalis. B.-bush, the bark 
 of Cephalanthus occidentalis, a tonic, 
 febrifuge, and diuretic. Dose of fluidex- 
 tract J-i dr. (2-4 Cc). Unof. B., Chlum- 
 sky's, an intestinal button made of pure 
 magnesium after the pattern of the Murphy 
 button. It remains undissolved for four weeks, 
 only the outer part becoming softer. B., 
 Corrigan's, a steel, button-shaped cautery- 
 iron, introduced by Sir J. C. Corrigan (1802- 
 80). B. -makers' Chorea. See Chorea, 
 Button-maker's. B., Murphy, a device used in 
 gastroenterostomy or intestinal anastomosis. 
 B.-snakeroot, the root of Liatris spicata 
 and of Eryngium yucca) olium; a stimulant, 
 tonic, diuretic, and emmenagog. Dose of 
 fluidextract §— 1 dr. (2-4 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Buttonhole, Mitral. An advanced degree 
 of constriction of the mitral orifice of the 
 heart. 
 
 Butyl (bu'-til) [butyrum, butter], C 4 H Q . A 
 hydrocarbon alcohol radicle. B. -chloral, 
 B. -chloral Hydrate. See Chloral butylicum. 
 B. Hydrid. See Butane. B.-hypnal, a 
 combination of butyl-chloral and antipyrin. 
 It is hypnotic and antipyretic. 
 
 Butylamin (bu -til' -am -in) [butyl; amin\ 
 C 4 H 9 NH 2 . A substance contained in cod- 
 liver oil, possessing diuretic and diaphoretic 
 properties. 
 
 Butylene (bu'-til-en) [butyrum], C 4 H 8 . A hy- 
 drocarbon belonging to the olefin series. "It 
 exists in three isomeric forms, all of which are 
 gases at ordinary temperatures. 
 
 Butyphus (bu-ti'-fus) [ftouc, an ox; rO<f)oc, 
 stupor]. The cattle-plague. Svn., Rinder- 
 pest. 
 
 Butyraceous (but-ir-a'-se-us) [butyrum]. Re- 
 sembling or containing butter. 
 
 Butyrin (bu'-tir-in) [butyrum], C 3 H 5 (C 4 H 7 2 ) 3 . 
 A constant constituent of butter, together with 
 olein, stearin, and other glycerids. It is a 
 neutral, yellowish, liquid fat, having a sharp, 
 bitter taste. 
 
 Butyroid (bu'-tir-oid) [butyrum]. Buttery; 
 having the consistence of butter. 
 
 Bychowski's Test for Albumin. Put a drop 
 or two of the urine into a test-tube filled with 
 hot water and shake it; in the presence of al- 
 bumin a whitish cloud is formed and is diffused 
 through the liquid. Phosphates give the same 
 result, but the cloud disappears on addition of 
 a drop of acetic acid. 
 
 Bynin (bin' -in) [3uvr, malt]. 1. A proteid, 
 insoluble in water, found in malt. 2. A 
 proprietary liquid extract of malt made in 
 England. B. amara, a combination of 
 
BYNOL 
 
 224 
 
 CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS 
 
 bynin (2) with the phosphates of iron, quinin, 
 and strychnin. 
 Bynol {bin'-ol). A combination of malt ex- 
 tract and cod-liver oil. 
 
 Byrolin {bir' -ol-in) . A proprietary remedy said 
 to be a combination of boric acid, glycerol, 
 and lanolin, and recommended for use in skin 
 diseases. 
 
 C. 1. The chemic symbol of carbon. 2. The 
 abbreviation of centigrade, congius. 
 
 Caballine Aloes (kab'-al-in al'-os). An 
 inferior quality of aloes, known also as fetid 
 or horse aloes. 
 
 Cabanis' Pallet. A shovel-shaped instrument 
 consisting of two plates of perforated silver, 
 jointed and movable on each other; it is 
 used to seize the extremity of the nasal probe 
 in Mejean's operation for lacrimal fistula. 
 
 Cabbage (kab'-dj). See Brassica. C.-rose. 
 See Rose, Pale. C, Skunk-, a fetid plant 
 of North America, Symplocarpus fcetidus. Its 
 tincture and fluidextract are prescribed as an- 
 tispasmodics and antasthmatics. 
 
 Cacao (kak-a'-o). See Theobroma. C. -butter 
 {oleum theobromatis, U. S. P.), is obtained 
 from seeds or nibs of Theobroma cacao. It 
 is a pure white fat, with a pleasant odor 
 and taste; if fuses at 86° F. (30 C); its 
 specific gravity is from 0.945 to 0.952. It 
 is used in cosmetics and for pharmaceutic 
 preparations. See also Theobroma. 
 
 Cachectic (kak-ek f -tik) [see Cachexia]. Charac- 
 terized by cachexia. 
 
 Cachet (kash-a) [Ft.]. A pharmaceutic prepa- 
 ration consisting of two concave pieces of 
 wafer, varying in size from § to i| inches in 
 diameter, round or oblong in shape, in one 
 of which the powder to be administered is 
 placed, and the other, having previously 
 been moistened, is then laid over the powder 
 and the two margins are pressed together, 
 when they adhere and completely inclose 
 the powder. 
 
 Cachexia (kak-eks' -e-ah) [aa/coc, bad; ef^f, a 
 habit]. A depraved condition of general 
 nutrition, due to some serious disease, as 
 syphilis, tuberculosis, carcinoma, etc. C, 
 Cancerous, C, Carcinomatous, a condition 
 marked by weakness, emaciation, and a 
 muddy or brownish complexion, due to car- 
 cinomatous disease. Syn., Cachexia cancer - 
 atica; Cancerous diathesis. C, Lymphatic. 
 Synonym of Hodgkin's disease. ' C, Miner's. 
 See Uncinariasis. C, Osteal, profound 
 cachexia seen in children and accompanied 
 by painful swelling of one of the long bones, 
 with hematinuria or extravasation of blood 
 into a tissue, and often by rachitic phenomena. 
 C, Pachydermic. See Myxedema. C, 
 Paludal. See Malarial Cachexia. C, 
 Periosteal. See C, Osteal. C. strumipriva, 
 the condition allied to, if not identical with, 
 
 myxedema, following the extirpation of the 
 thyroid gland. C. thyreopriva. See Myx- 
 edema. C. uteri, C. uterina, leukorrhea. C. 
 venerea, syphilis. C. virginum, chlorosis. 
 
 Cachibou (kash-i-boo') . See under Bursera. 
 
 Caco- (kak-o-) [nanbc, bad]. A prefix meaning 
 bad or diseased. 
 
 Cacodiacol (kak-o-di'-ak-ol). Guaiacol caco- 
 dylate. 
 
 Cacodyl (kak' -o-dil) [KaKcbdyc, ill-smelling; uXf), 
 matter], As(CH 3 ) 2 . Dimethylarsin; a radicle 
 containing arsenic, hydrogen, and carbon. 
 It is a colorless, heavy liquid, with an ex- 
 tremely offensive odor; it is inflammable 
 when exposed to air. Its protoxid is called 
 alkarsin (q. v.). 
 
 Cacodylate {kak-od'-il-at). A salt of cacodylic 
 acid. 
 
 Cacoethes (kak-o-e' -thez) [caco-; ydoc, a habit]. 
 1. Any bad habit, disposition, or disorder. 2. 
 A malignant ulcer. 
 
 Cacoplasia (kak-o-pla'-ze-ah) [caco-; TzXacotcv, to 
 form]. The formation of diseased structures. 
 
 Cacoplastic (kak-o-plas'-tik) [see Cacoplasia]. 
 1. Characterized by a low degree of organi- 
 zation. 2. Relating to cacoplasia. 
 
 Cacosmia (kak-oz' -me-ah) [caco-; do/xrj, smell]. 
 A disgusting smell. 
 
 Cacosplanchnia (kak-o-splangk'-ne-ah) [caco-; 
 cmXafiva, the viscera]. A diseased condition 
 of the digestive tract and consequent emacia- 
 tion. 
 
 Cacothesis (kak-oth'-es-is) [caco-; Okocc, a 
 placing]. A faulty position of a part or of 
 the entire organism. 
 
 Cacotrophy (kak-of '-ro-fe) [caco-; xpocfyq, nour- 
 ishment]. Disordered or defective nutrition. 
 
 Cactina (kak-ti'-nah) [kclktoc, a prickly plant], 
 A proprietary preparation said to be a 
 proximate principle derived from night- 
 blooming cereus (Cactus grandiflorus and C. 
 mexicana). It is a cardiac stimulant, recom- 
 mended as a substitute for digitalis. Unof. 
 
 Cactus grandiflorus. A plant indigenous to 
 the West Indies and cultivated in North 
 America and Europe. It bears large white 
 or straw-colored flowers which bloom only 
 at night. The preparations of cactus are 
 stimulant to the spinal cord, the vasomotor 
 center, and the cardiac ganglions. They 
 have been used as substitutes for digitalis. 
 Dose of tincture 15-20 min. (1. 0-1.3 Cc); of 
 ■fluidextract 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). Syn., 
 Night-blooming cereus; Zerus grandiflorus. 
 
 . 
 
C ACUMEN 
 
 225 
 
 CAFFEIN 
 
 Cacumen (kak-u'-men) [L.; pi., cacumina}. 
 i. The top, as of a plant. 2. The culmen 
 of the vermis superior of the cerebellum. 
 
 Cadaver {kad-av'-er or cad-a'-ver) [cadere, to fall]. 
 A dead body, especially that of a human being. 
 
 Cadaveric {kad-av'-er -ik) [cadaver]. Pertain- 
 ing to the cadaver. C. Alkaloids, ptomains. 
 C. Ecchymoses, C. Lividity, certain post- 
 mortem stains, closely resembling in their 
 general appearance the effects of bruises or 
 contusions. They occur on the lowest and 
 most dependent parts of the body. C. Spasm, 
 the early, at times instantaneous, appearance 
 of rigor mortis, seen after death from certain 
 causes. It is also called instantaneous rigor 
 and tetanic rigidity. 
 
 Cadaverin (kad-av'-er -in) [cadaver], C 5 H U N 2 . 
 A ptomain, occurring very frequently in 
 decomposing animal tissues. It is obtained 
 from human hearts, lungs, livers, etc., after 
 three days' decomposition at ordinary tem- 
 perature; also from horseflesh, from putrid 
 mussel, from herring, and from haddock. 
 It is a constant product of the growth of 
 the comma bacillus. It is a thick, clear, 
 syrupy liquid, having an exceedingly un- 
 pleasant odor. 
 
 Cade (kad) [a Languedoc name]. See Juni- 
 per. C, Oil of (oleum cadinum, U. S. P.), 
 a tarry oil from the wood of Juniper us oxyce- 
 drus; it is used in skin diseases. 
 
 Cadet's Fuming Liquid. See Alkarsin. 
 
 Cadmium (kad'-me-um) [nadtica, calamin]. 
 Cd = 112; quantivalence 11; sp. gr. 8.60- 
 8.69. A bluish- white metal resembling zinc 
 in its general properties. In its physiologic 
 action it is escharotic and astringent; inter- 
 nally, in large doses, it produces emesis and 
 violent gastritis. C. Iodid, Cdl^, used as 
 an ointment, 1 to 8 of lard. C. Salicylate, 
 Cd(C 7 H 5 3 ) 2 , white needles, soluble in water 
 and alcohol. It is used in purulent ophthal- 
 mia, etc., and is said to be a more active 
 antiseptic than other cadmium salts. C. 
 Sulfate, CdS0 4 . 4H 2 0, an astringent in 
 gonorrhea and in corneal opacities; used as 
 a lotion in strength of ^ gr. or 4 to 1 oz. 
 of water, or as an ointment in 1 : 40 of fresh 
 lard. C. Sulfocarbolate, Cd(C 6 H 5 S0 4 ) 2 , 
 white crystals, soluble in water; it is anti- 
 septic and astringent. Syn., Cadmium sul- 
 fopltenylate. 
 
 Caecal (se'-kal). See Cecal. 
 
 Caecitis (se-si'-tis). See Cecitis. 
 
 Caecum (se'-kum). See Cecum. 
 
 Caesalpinia (ses-al-pin'-e-ah) [L.]. A genus 
 of tropical leguminous trees. C. bonducella is 
 a prickly, trailing shrub of most tropical 
 coasts. The seeds, Molucca beans, and the 
 whole plant are anthelmintic and emmena- 
 gog; the oil of the seeds is used in rheuma- 
 tism. It contains bonducin. C. coriaria, 
 American sumac, din-din, is a South American 
 shrub cultivated in India, where the dried 
 powdered pods are used as an antiperiodic. 
 Dose 40-60 gr. (2.6-4.0 Gm.) A decoction 
 of the pods is used as an injection in the 
 16 
 
 treatment of bleeding piles. C. echinata, 
 a tree of Brazil, furnishes brazil-wood; the 
 bark, rich in tannin, is used as an astringent, 
 roborant, and febrifuge. C. sappanis, a tree 
 of India; the brownish -red wood, sappan- 
 wood, contains sappanin and is used as an 
 astringent; it furnishes a red dye and the 
 root a yellow dye. 
 
 Caesarean Operation (se-sar'-e-an). See 
 Cesarean Section. 
 
 Caesium (se'-se-uin). See Cesium. 
 
 Caffea (kaj'-e-ah) [L.]. The seeds of Coffea 
 arabica. The dried and roasted seeds are 
 almost universally used in infusion as a bev- 
 erage, forming a cerebral stimulant and 
 stomachic tonic. They are valuable in pro- 
 moting digestion and allaying hunger and 
 fatigue. The properties are due to an alka- 
 loid, casein, identical with thcin. See Thca 
 and Caffein. The fluidextract of Cafjea viri- 
 dis is intended as a substitute for the fluid- 
 extract of guarana. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 Unof. See Guarana. 
 
 Caffeic Acid (kaf-e'-ik). See Acid, Caffeic. 
 
 Caffein (ka/'-e-in or kaf-en') [caffea], C 8 H 10 N 4 - 
 O, 4- H 2 0. See under Caffea. An alkaloid 
 found in the leaves and beans of the coffee-tree, 
 in tea, in Paraguay tea, and in guarana, the 
 roasted pulp of the fruit of Pcnlinia sorbilis. 
 It occurs in long, silky needles, slightly 
 soluble in cold water and alcohol, with a 
 feebly bitter taste. It is a cerebrospinal, 
 circulatory, and renal stimulant. Dose 1-3 
 gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.). Syn., Guaranin; Meihyl- 
 theobromin; Psoralin; Thein; Trimethylxan- 
 thin. C. Borocitrate, (C 8 H 10 X 4 O 2 ) 3 BO 3 , a 
 white, crystalline powder, soluble in water, al- 
 cohol, and chloroform; it decomposes in 
 water. It has the effect of caffein combined 
 with the antiseptic action of boric acid. C. 
 Bromid. See C. Hydrobr -ornate. C. Car- 
 bolate, C s H 10 N 4 O 2 . HOC 6 H 5 , a white, crys- 
 talline mass, soluble in alcohol and water 
 with decomposition. It is an antiseptic, 
 diuretic, and stimulant, having the combined 
 action of caffein and phenol, and is used 
 subcutaneously. C. Chloral, C 8 H I0 N 4 Gy 
 — CCI3COH, a molecular combination of 
 caffein and chloral, occurring in soluble crys- 
 tals. It is sedative and analgesic. Dose 3-5 
 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). C. Citrate (caffeina 
 citrata, U. S. P.), (C 8 H 10 X 4 O 2 ) 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 , a true 
 salt, forming a white, crystalline powder, 
 used in the same manner as caffein. It is 
 soluble in water and alcohol with decom- 
 position. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
 C, Citrated, this is improperly called caffein 
 citrate and is prepared by dissolving equal 
 weights of caffein and citric acid in double 
 the quantity of hot distilled water. Dose 3-8 
 gr. (0.2-0.52 Gm.). C, Citrated, Efferves- 
 cent (caffeina citrata effervesce v. s, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.). C. Citrosalicylate, 
 (C^ 10 N 4 O 2 )sC 8 H 8 O7 + (C 8 H 10 N,O 2 . C 7 H 6 - 
 03)3, a true salt occurring as a white, crystal- 
 line powder, decomposing in water. It is 
 antiseptic and is used as is caffein. C. Di- 
 
CAFFEINISM 
 
 226 
 
 CALCARATE 
 
 iodid. See C. Triiodid. C. Hydrobromate, 
 
 caffein bromid, a true salt, C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 HBr, 
 occurring as large crystals, reddish or greenish 
 on exposure, soluble in water on decomposi- 
 tion. It is used as a diuretic in injections 
 of 4-10 min. of a solution of 10 parts 
 caffein hydrobromate, 1 part hydrobromic 
 acid, and 3 parts distilled water. Caf- 
 feinae, Injectio, Hypodermatica, 1 grain 
 of caffein in 3 minims. Dose 1-6 min. 
 (0.065-0.39 Cc). C. Salicylate, C 8 H 10 N 4 - 
 2 . C 7 H O 3 , a true salt occurring as white, 
 crystalline masses, soluble in water and 
 alcohol with decomposition. It is used in- 
 stead of caffein with salicylic acid. Dose 
 as caffein. C. and Sodium Benzoate, a 
 white powder containing 45.8% of caffein, 
 soluble in 2 parts of water. It is used instead 
 of caffein by subcutaneous injection. Dose 
 about double that of caffein. Syn., Caffeinum 
 rtatriobenzoicum. C. and Sodium Salicylate, 
 a white powder, soluble in 2 parts of water, 
 and containing 62.5% of caffein. It is used 
 in rheumatism, etc., instead of caffein, by 
 subcutaneous injection. Dose about double 
 that of caffein. Syn., Caffeinum natrio- 
 salicylicum. C. and Sodium Sulfonate, 
 a diuretic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). Syn., 
 Symphorol. C. Tannate, a yellow powder, 
 more astringent than caffein; uses and 
 dosage as caffein. C. Triiodid, (C 8 H 10 N 4 - 
 2 I 2 . HI) 2 + 3H 2 0, dark -green prisms, of a 
 metallic luster, soluble in alcohol. It is a 
 diuretic and alterative, used instead of po- 
 tassium iodid, and said to be nondepressing. 
 Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.). Syn., Diiodo- 
 caffein hydriodate. C. Valerianate, C 8 H 10 - 
 N 4 2 . C 5 H 10 O 2 , small lustrous needles, solu- 
 ble in alcohol with decomposition. It is 
 used in nervous headache, whooping-cough, 
 etc. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.3 Gm.) several 
 times a day. 
 
 Caffeinism {kaf '-e-in-izm or kaf-en'-izm) [caf- 
 fein. Chronic coffee-poisoning; a train of mor- 
 bid symptoms due to excess in the use of coffee. 
 
 Caffeone {kaf'-e-on) [caffea], C 8 H 10 O 2 . A vola- 
 tile aromatic oily principle (empyreumatic 
 oil) produced by the roasting of coffee. 
 Syn., Caffeol. 
 
 Caincin {kah-in' -sin) [Cainca or Cahinca, 
 the South American name for several species 
 of Chiococca], C^H^O^. A glucosid from 
 Chiococca racemosa and C. brachiata. In 
 small doses it is diuretic and cathartic and 
 in large doses emetic. It is used in dropsy. 
 Dose, diuretic and cathartic, 2-4 gr. (0.13- 
 0.26 Gm.): emetic, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.); 
 maximum dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). Syn., Cain- 
 cic acid. 
 
 Caisson-disease (ka' ' -son-diz-ez) . Diver's dis- 
 ease or tunnel disease, a morbid condition 
 due to increased atmospheric pressure, some- 
 times occurring in divers, caisson-workers, 
 etc. Paraplegia, hemiplegia, anesthesia, and 
 apoplectic attacks are common, coming on 
 only after return to the normal atmosphere. 
 The nature of the lesion is obscure. 
 
 Cajal's (Ramon y) Cells. See Ramon y 
 CajaVs Cells. 
 
 Cajeput Oil {kaf '-e-put) [Malay, cajuputi, 
 white wood; oleum, oil]. A volatile oil 
 {oleum cajuputi, U. S. P.), distilled from the 
 leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi. It resembles oil 
 of turpentine. It is used in flatulent colic, 
 hysteria, cutaneous disorders, and toothache. 
 Dose 1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc). C. Spirit 
 {spiritus cajuputi, B. P.), contains 2 % of the 
 oil. Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Cajeputol {kaj-e-pu'-tol) [see Cajeput Oil]. 
 The more limpid part of cajeput oil; it is 
 found also in some other fragrant volatile oils. 
 
 Calabar Bean {kal'-ab-ar ben). See Physos- 
 tigma. 
 
 Calabarin {kal-ab'-ar-in). An alkaloid from 
 Calabar bean. 
 
 Calaguala {kah-lah-gwah' -la) [Peruvian]. The 
 commercial name for several ferns of the 
 order Polypodiacece, especially Polypodium 
 calaguala, of Peru, which is esteemed an ex- 
 cellent resolvent and diaphoretic. It is used 
 in chronic affections of the air-passages and 
 in whooping-cough in doses of 30-60 gr. 
 (2-4 Gm.) daily. A decoction is used ex- 
 ternally as a dressing for wounds. 
 
 Calamin {kal'-am-in) [calamina, a corruption 
 of cadmia]. Native zinc carbonate. Cala- 
 mina prcBparata, the prepared calamin, 
 washed and pulverized, is used mainly as an 
 external exsiccant and astringent. 
 
 Calamus {kaV-am-us) [L., "a reed"]. Sweet- 
 flag. The rhizome of Acorus calamus. It 
 contains a volatile oil and acorin, a bitter 
 nitrogenous principle. The root is an aro- 
 matic, stomachic tonic, and a common ingre- 
 dient of many popular "bitters." C. draco is 
 a species'of ratan palm that affords a part of 
 the so-called dragon's-blood of commerce. 
 C, Fluidextract of {fluidextt -actum calami, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). C. 
 scriptorius [a writing-pen or reed], the 
 groove on the floor of the fourth ventricle, at 
 the end of which is the ventricle of Arantius. 
 
 Calaya {kal-a'-yah). A fluidextract of the fruit 
 of Anneslea febrifuga (?), used in malaria. 
 Dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.) every 2 hours. 
 
 Calcaneoastragalar {kal-ka-ne-o-as- trag' - 
 al-ar). Relating to the calcaneum and the 
 astragalus = 
 
 Calcaneotalar {kal-ka-ne-o-ta'-lar). See Cal- 
 caneoastragalar. 
 
 Calcaneotibial {kal-ka-ne-o-tib'-e-al) {calca- 
 neum; tibia]. Relating to the calcaneum 
 and tibia. 
 
 Calcaneum, Calcaneus {kal-ka'-ne-um, -us). 
 See Bones, Table of. 
 
 Calcar {kaV-kar) [L., "a spur"]. 1. Any spur 
 or spur-like point, as the hippocampus 
 minor. 2. Ergot of rye. 3. The calcaneum. 
 4. The styloid process of the temporalbone. 
 C. avis, the hippocampus minor. C. fem- 
 orale, a plate of hard tissue around the neck 
 of the femur. 
 
 Calcarate {kal' -kar-at) [calcar]. Spurred; fur- 
 nished with spurs or spur-like processes. 
 
CALCAREA 
 
 227 
 
 CALCIUM 
 
 Calcarea, Calcaria {kal-ka' -re-ah) [calx, lime- 
 stone]. Lime. 
 
 Calcareous (kal-ka 1 '-re-us) [calcarea]. i. Per- 
 taining to or having the nature of lime- 
 stone. 2. Having a chalky appearance or 
 consistence. 3. Growing in chalk. 
 
 Calcariform (kal-kar'-e-form) [calcar; forma, 
 form]. Spur-shaped. 
 
 Calcarine (kal'-kar-en) [calcar]. Spur -shaped; 
 relating to the hippocampus minor. C. Fis- 
 sure. See Fissure, Calcarine. 
 
 Calcic (kal'-sik) [calx]. Of or pertaining to 
 lime. 
 
 Calcicosis (kal-sik-o' -sis) [calx]. Marble-cut- 
 ter's phthisis; a chronic inflammation of 
 the lung due to the inhalation of marble- 
 dust. 
 
 Calciferous (kal-sif'-er-us). Containing lime, 
 chalk, or calcium. 
 
 Calcific (kal-sif '-ik) [calx]. Forming lime. 
 
 Calcification (kal-sif-ik-a'-shun) [calx; fiere, 
 to become]. The deposit of calcareous mat- 
 ter within the tissues of the body. C, 
 Metastatic, that resulting from an excess 
 of lime-salts in the blood, as occurs in the 
 rapid breaking down of bones from osteo- 
 malacia. 
 
 Calcine (kal'-sin or kal-sin') [calcinare, to cal- 
 cine]. To separate the inorganic elements 
 of a substance by subjecting it to an intense 
 heat. 
 
 Calcium (kal'-se-um) [calx]. Ca = 40; quan- 
 tivalence II. A brilliant, silver-white metal, 
 the basis of limestone, characterized by strong 
 affinity for oxygen, and isolated with great 
 difficulty. It is best known in the form of 
 calcium oxid, quicklime; calcium hydroxid, 
 slaked lime; and calcium carbonate, limestone 
 or chalk. C. Acetate, Ca(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 , a 
 white, amorphous powder, soluble in water. 
 It is used in tuberculosis and psoriasis. 
 C. Albuminate, an alterative and nutrient 
 used in rachitis. C. Benzoate, Ca(C 7 H 5 2 ) 2 , 
 used in nephritis and albuminuria of preg- 
 nancy. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 C. Bisulfite, Liquid, a solution of calcium 
 sulfite (CaS0 3 ) in an aqueous solution of 
 sulfurous acid. It is used, when diluted 
 with 4 to 8 times its amount of water, as 
 an antiseptic gargle or wash. C. Borate, 
 a very light white powder. It is used as an 
 antiseptic and astringent, internally in chil- 
 dren's diarrhea and externally in fetid per- 
 spiration and weeping eczema. Dose 1-5 
 gr. (0.06-0.32 Gm.) 3 times daily. Applica- 
 tion, 10 to 20% ointment or dusting-powder. 
 C. Boroglycerid, an antiseptic substance 
 prepared by heating together calcium borate 
 and glycerol. It forms a transparent, hygro- 
 scopic mass, soluble in water and alcohol. 
 C. Bromid (calcii bromidum, U. S. P.), a nerve 
 sedative. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.) twice 
 daily. C. Bromoiodid, Cal 2 + CaBr 2 , a mix- 
 ture of calcium iodid and bromid in molecular 
 proportions, forming a yellow powder soluble in 
 water. It is alterative and sedative. Dose 
 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 
 C. Carbid, CaC 2 , obtained from lime with 
 carbon, by the electric furnace. It occurs 
 in gray to bluish-black irregular lumps, 
 decomposing with water, evolving acetylene, 
 and leaving a residue of slaked lime; sp. gr.' 
 2.22. It is used in the palliative treatment 
 of cancer of the vagina and uterus. C. Car- 
 bolate, Ca(OC 6 H 5 ) 2 , a reddish, antiseptic 
 powder, used as a disinfectant and internal and 
 external antiseptic. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 
 Gm.). C. Carbonate, Ca(OC 4 H 5 ) 2 , a reddish 
 powder used as an internal and external anti- 
 septic. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). C. 
 Carbonate, Precipitated {calcii carbonas prce- 
 cipitatus, U. S. P.), CaCO s , a fine white powder, 
 without odor or taste. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). C. 
 Chlorid (calcii chloridum, U. S. P.), CaCl 2 , sol- 
 uble in water; used internally to increase the 
 coagulability of the blood. Dose 10-20 gr. 
 (0.65-1.3 Gm.). C. Citrate, Ca 3 (C 6 H 5 7 ) 2 - 
 + 4H 2 0, a crystalline powder, soluble in 
 1730 parts of water at 90 C; more soluble 
 in cold water. A solution is recommended 
 for the treatment of burns. C. Cresylate, 
 a syrupy fluid obtained by treating calcium 
 hydroxid with cresol. It is used as a disin- 
 fectant instead of phenol. C. Eosolate, 
 Ca 3 (C 9 H 7 S 2 12 ) 2 , a sulfosalt of aliphatic 
 creasote esters containing 25 % of creasote 
 and occurring as a gray powder soluble in 
 10 parts of water. Dose 4-10 gr. (0.26-0.65 
 Gm.) 4 or 5 times daily. C. Ferrophos- 
 pholactate, used in the treatment of tubercu- 
 losis and rachitis. Dose 3— 7J gr. (0.2-0.5 
 Gm.). C. Glyceroarsenate, a crumbling 
 white powder, insoluble in water and alcohol, 
 freely soluble in mineral and organic acids, es- 
 pecially in dilute citric acid. It is used in treat- 
 ment of tuberculosis. Daily dose £ gr. (0.01 
 Gm.). C. Glyceroborate, an antiseptic com- 
 pound of equal parts of calcium borate and gly- 
 cerol. C. Glycerophosphate, CaC 3 H 7 P0 6 , a 
 white, crystalline powder, soluble in cold water, 
 almost insoluble in boiling water; it is a 
 nerve tonic. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.) 
 3 times daily. In treatment of enuresis, 
 dose, for adults, 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) twice daily. 
 C. Hippurate, Ca(C 9 H s N0 2 ) 2 , a white, crys- 
 talline powder, slightly soluble in hot water. 
 It is alterative. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 
 Gm.). C. Hydrate. See C. Hydroxid. C. 
 Hydroxid, slaked lime. C. Hypochlorite, 
 Ca(C10) 2 , white cubes decomposing readily. 
 It is an antiseptic and is used as a disinfectant 
 and strong bleaching agent. C. Hypophos- 
 phite (calcii hypophosphis, U. S. P.), Ca(PH 2 - 
 2 ) 2 , a white, crystalline powder, lustrous 
 scales, or transparent crystals, soluble in 7 parts 
 of water, decomposing and giving out inflam- 
 mable gas above 300 C. It is used in tubercu- 
 losis, chlorosis, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 
 Gm.). Svn., Calcium hypophosphorosum. C. 
 Hyposulfite. SeeC. Thiosulfate. C. Iodate, 
 Ca(I0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0, a white, crystalline pow- 
 der, soluble in 400 parts of water, insoluble 
 in alcohol. It is used internally in doses of 
 4-5 gr. (0.26-0.32 Gm.) to check fermentation 
 
CALCIUM 
 
 228 
 
 CALCULUS 
 
 and also as a succedaneum for iodoform. 
 Syn., Calcinol. C. Iodid, Cal 2 , a white 
 powder or yellowish-white hygroscopic mass, 
 soluble in water and alcohol. It is an altera- 
 tive used instead of potassium iodid. Dose 
 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.) 3 times daily in 
 syrup. Maximum' dose, daily, 15 gr. (1 
 Gm.). C. and Iron Lactophosphate, a 
 yellowish powder used in treatment of 
 rachitis and tuberculosis. Dose 3-8 gr. 
 (0.19-0.52 Gm.) several times daily. C. 
 Lactate, Ca(C 3 H 5 3 ) 2 + 5H 2 0, white, 
 opaque, granular masses, soluble in water 
 and hot alcohol. It is used in treatment 
 of rachitis and tuberculosis of children. 
 Dose 3-10 gr. (0.19-0.65 Gm.) in syrup. C. 
 Lactophosphate, a crystalline compound 
 of calcium lactate and calcium phosphate 
 containing 1 % of phosphorus; soluble in 
 water. It is stimulant and nutrient. Dose 
 3-10 gr. (0.19-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily. C. 
 Oxid (calx, U. S. P.), CaO, quicklime. C. 
 Oxid, Chlorinated. See Lime, Chlorinated. 
 C. Oxysulfid, a compound of calcium, oxygen, 
 and sulfur, forming a yellowish powder; used 
 in washing scrofulous ulcers. C. Perman- 
 ganate, Ca(Mn0 4 ) 2 -f 5H 2 0, deliquescent, 
 brown crystals with violet luster, soluble in 
 water. It is used internally in diarrhea of 
 children and externally as a mouth lotion. 
 Dose f-2 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.). C. Peroxid, 
 Ca0 2 + 4H 2 0, an antiseptic, used in acid dys- 
 pepsia and summer diarrhea. Dose (children) 
 f-2 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.). C. Phosphate, 
 Antimoniated, a mixture of precipitated cal- 
 cium phosphate (67 parts) and antimony oxid 
 (33 parts), occurring as a dull white, gritty 
 powder, without odor or taste, soluble in boil- 
 ing water. It is alterative, purgative, and 
 emetic, and is used in acute rheumatism and 
 febrile diseases. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 
 Gm.) 4 to 6 times daily. Syn., Antimonial 
 powder; James' febrile powder. C. Phosphate, 
 Dibasic, Ca(H 2 P0 4 ) 2 or CaHP0 4 , a white 
 powder, soluble in acids, insoluble in water. It 
 is used in diseases of bone, chlorosis, etc. Dose 
 8-20 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.). Syn., Bicalcic phos- 
 phate; Secondary calcium phosphate. C. Phos- 
 phate, Monobasic, CaH 4 (P0 4 ) 2 + H . O, the 
 chief constituent of the socalled "superphos- 
 phate of lime," a decomposition-product of 
 tricalcic or dicalcic phosphate and sulfuric 
 acid, occurring as white, deliquescent, strongly 
 acid crystals. C. Phosphate, Precipitated 
 {calcii phosphas prcecipitatus , U. S. P.), Ca 3 - 
 (P0 4 ) 2 , a bulky white powder, odorless and 
 tasteless. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). C. Phosphate, 
 Tribasic, Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 , a light, white, amorphous 
 powder without odor or taste, soluble in acids, 
 insoluble in water. It is used as is the dibasic. 
 C. Propionate, Ca(C 3 H50 2 ) 2 , a white powder, 
 soluble in water. C. Quinovate, a compound 
 of calcium and quinovic acid used in malarial 
 fever and dysentery as a tonic. Dose ^-| gr. 
 (0.013-0.032 Gm.). C. Salicylate, CaC 7 H 4 - 
 3 + H 2 0, a white, crystalline powder with al- 
 kaline reaction, soluble with difficulty in water. 
 
 It is used in intestinal diseases. Dose 8-20 
 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.). C. Santonate, C. 
 Santoninate, Ca(C 15 H 19 4 ) 2 , a white, odor- 
 less, insipid powder, insoluble in water or 
 chloroform. It is anthelmintic. Dose ^-i| 
 gr. (0.03-0.1 Gm.). C. Sulfate, 2CaS0 4 + 
 H 2 0, a fine white, odorless and tasteless pow- 
 der, used in making plaster bandages for frac- 
 tures. Syn., Gypsum; Plaster-of-paris. C. Sul- 
 fate, Dried {calcii sulphas exsiccatus, U. S. 
 P.), a fine white powder without odor or 
 taste. C. Sulf hydrate, CaS . H 2 S, trans- 
 parent crystals decomposing in the air; it 
 is used as a depilatory. C. Sulfid, CaS, a 
 compound of calcium and sulfur, a yellow- 
 white substance with odor of hydrogen 
 sulfid and forming a large percentage of 
 calx sulphurata. It is recommended in 
 treatment of influenza (dose 1 gr. (0.06 
 Gm.) 4 times hourly) and in treatment of 
 diphtheria (dose £ gr. (0.01 Gm.) every 
 hour, under 1 year of age, every \ hour 
 between the ages of 1 and 3, and every 
 15 minutes between the ages of 3 and 5). 
 Syn., Calcium monosulfid. C. Sulfid, Hy- 
 drated, CaS; it is used as a depilatory. C. 
 Sulfite, CaSO* 3 , a white powder, soluble in sul- 
 furous acid and in 800 parts of water. It is 
 antiseptic and is used in flatulent diarrhea. 
 Dose tV~5 gr. (0.0065-0.32 Gm.). C. Sulfo- 
 carbolate, Ca(C 6 H 5 S0 4 ) 2 + 6H z O, a white, 
 odorless, astringent powder or scales, soluble 
 in water. It is an internal antiseptic and 
 astringent. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.) 
 in 1% solution. C. Sulfophenate. See C. 
 Sulfocarbolate. C. Thiosulfate, CaS 2 O s , 
 white antiseptic crystals, soluble in water; 
 it is an internal antiseptic. Dose 3-10 gr. 
 (0.194-0.65 Gm.). 
 
 Calcoglobulin (kal-ko-glob'-u-liri). A combi- 
 nation of soluble calcium salts with an 
 albuminous base. It has a distinct and 
 definite form and is probably the basis of 
 all the calcic tissues of the body. 
 
 Calculous {kaV -ku-lus) [calculus]. Of the 
 nature of a calculus. 
 
 Calculus {kaV -ku-lus) [dim. of calx, chalk]. 
 A calcareous or stone-like concretion found 
 in the body, particularly in cavities. C, 
 Alternating, one composed of alternate 
 layers of the substances of which it is made 
 up. C.j Arthritic, a gouty concretion. C, 
 Articular. See C, Arthritic. C, Aural, 
 hardened cerumen in the external auditory 
 canal. C, Biliary, a gall-stone. C, Blood, 
 a fibrinous calculus containing remains of 
 blood-corpuscles. C, Bronchial, a concre- 
 tion in an air-passage. C, Chalky, one 
 made up mainly of calcium carbonate and 
 calcium phosphate with small amounts of 
 magnesium carbonate, water, and organic 
 matter, and frequently having a foreign body 
 as a nucleus. C., Cutaneous. See Milium. 
 C, Cystic. 1. A vesical calculus. 2. A 
 gall-stone. 3. One composed of cystin. C, 
 Cystic-oxid, C, Cystin, a urinary calculus, 
 rarely found, and composed largely of cystin. 
 
CALDANI'S LIGAMENT 
 
 229 
 
 CALLOSOMARGINAL 
 
 C, Dental, tartar on the teeth or gums. C, 
 Encysted, a vesical calculus which has 
 become invested in a pouch springing from 
 the wall of the bladder. C, Essential, one 
 having its origin within the tissue of an organ 
 and not due to a foreign body. C, Fatty, 
 a vesical calculus having a nucleus of fat 
 or saponaceous matter. C, Fibrinous, a 
 vesical calculus made up of dried coagulated 
 albumin. C, Fusible, a urinary calculus 
 composed of phosphates of ammonium, 
 calcium, and magnesium. C, Hemic, a 
 concretion of coagulated blood. C, In- 
 carcerated. See C, Encysted. C, Lacteal, 
 C, Laminated, one made up of layers of 
 different materials. C, Mammary, a cal- 
 careous nodule sometimes obstructing the lac- 
 tiferous ducts. C, Mulberry, the oxalate-of- 
 lime variety, resembling a mulberry in shape 
 and color. C, Nasal, one found in the 
 nasal cavities. C, Organic, one with a 
 nucleus formed of epithelium, blood, etc. 
 C, Pineal, brain-sand. See Acervulus. C, 
 Podagric. See C, Arthritic. C, Prostatic, 
 one in the prostate gland. C, Renal, a cal- 
 culus found in the kidney. C, Salivary, 
 i. One formed in the ducts of the salivary 
 glands. 2. The tartar deposited on teeth. 
 C., Scrotal, i. A vesical or prostatic cal- 
 culus which has made its way to the scrotum. 
 2. One formed in the scrotum from calcareous 
 degeneration. C, Secondary, a vesical 
 calculus formed in consequence of a diseased 
 condition of the mucosa of the urinary tract. 
 C, Urinary, a concretion composed of 
 concentric layers of crystallized substance 
 cemented together by mucus or other organic 
 material, occurring in the bladder. Urinary 
 calculi (sand, gravel, or stones, according to 
 size) maybe classified as follows: (i) Those 
 containing a mixture of uric acid with urates, 
 with either little or no phosphates; (2) mixed 
 calculi, those containing more phosphates 
 than uric acid; (3) calcium-oxalate calculi; (4) 
 phosphatic calculi — composed of calcium phos- 
 phate, triple phosphate, or a combination of 
 calcium and magnesium phosphates; (5) cal- 
 cium-carbonate calculi; (6) cystin calculi; (7) 
 xanthin calculi; (8) fibrinous calculi, con- 
 sisting of fibrin or inspissated albumin. C, 
 Uterine, an intrauterine concretion; a 
 womb-stone; formed mainly by calcareous 
 degeneration of a tumor. C, Vesical, a 
 calculus found in the urinary bladder. 
 
 CaldanPs Ligament. A fibrous band ex- 
 tending from the inner border of the coracoid 
 process to the lower border of the clavicle and 
 upper border of the first rib, where it unites 
 with the tendon of the subclavius muscle. 
 
 Calendula {kal-en' -du-lah) [calendce, the first 
 day of the month]. Marigold. The flowering 
 plant known as the garden-marigold, C. 
 officinalis. C, Tincture of {tinctura calen- 
 dula, U. S. P.), contains 20% of the leaves 
 and stems. It is used as a local application 
 to wounds, bruises, and ulcers, and has been 
 vaunted as a cure for carcinoma. 
 
 Calendulin {kal-en' '-du-lin) [calendula]. An 
 amorphous principle obtainable from calen- 
 dula. 
 
 Calentura {kal-en-tu'-rah). 1. See Calenture (1). 
 2. Applied to an epidemic disease of horses 
 in the Philippines. It is caused by a species 
 of Spirillum. C. amarilla, C. vomito 
 negro, yellow fever. 
 
 Calenture {kaV -en-tur) [Sp., calentura, heat; 
 L., calere, to be hot]. 1. A tropical remittent 
 fever with delirium; formerly, a supposed fever 
 of this kind that attacked mariners, leading 
 them to leap into the sea. 2. Sunstroke. 
 
 Calf {kahf) [Icel., kdlfr]. The thick, fleshy 
 part of the back of the leg, formed by the 
 gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. 
 
 Calibrate {kal'-ib-rdt) [Fr., calibre, the bore 
 of a gun]. 1. To estimate the exact size of 
 an opening, as of intestines to be united 
 by anastomosis. 2. To graduate the tubes 
 of a thermometer so that it will indicate the 
 temperature correctly, or to determine the 
 errors of the gradation when made; also, to 
 determine the indication of the reading after 
 the correction of the errors. 
 
 Calibrator {kal'-e -bra-tor). An instrument for 
 determining the exact diameter of the lumen 
 of an opening, as of the urethra. It may 
 consist of a truncated cone supplied with a 
 scale or some form of dilating blades. 
 
 Caliche {kah-W -che) [S. A., "a flake of lime 
 from a wall"]. The South American name 
 for crude sodium nitrate; Chili saltpeter. 
 
 California Buckthorn. See Cascara sagrada. 
 
 Calipers {kal'-ip-erz) [corruption of caliber]. 
 Compasses with curved legs. 
 
 Calisaya (kal-is-a' '-yah) [S. A.]. Cinchona bark, 
 especially that of Cinchona calisaya. See 
 Cinchona. 
 
 Calisayin {kal-e-sa'-yen). An amorphous base 
 consisting mostly of quinin obtained from 
 cinchona bark. 
 
 Calisthenics, Callisthenics {kal-is-then'-iks), 
 [fcaXSf, beautiful; ad hoc, strength]. The 
 practice of various rhythmic movements of 
 the body, intended to develop the muscles 
 and produce gracefulness of carriage; light 
 gymnastics, especially designed for the use 
 of girls and young women. 
 
 Calix {ka'-liks). See Calyx. 
 
 Callaway's Test. In dislocation of the 
 humerus the circumference of the affected 
 shoulder, measured over the acromion and 
 through the axilla, is greater than that of the 
 sound side. 
 
 Callisection (kal-e-sek' '-shun) [callus; sectio, a 
 cutting]. Vivisection of anesthetized animals. 
 
 Callosal {kal-o'-sal) [callosum]. Pertaining to 
 the corpus callosum. 
 
 Callositas {kal-os' -it-as) . See Callosity. 
 
 Callosity {kal-os' -it-e) [callus]. A hard, thick- 
 ened patch on the skin produced by excessive 
 accumulation of the horny layers. Syn., Cal- 
 lositas; Keratoma; Tyloma; Tylosis. 
 
 Calloso marginal {kal-o-so-mar'-jin-al) [cal- 
 losum; margo, margin]. Relating to the cal- 
 losal and marginal gyri of the brain. 
 
CALLOSOSERRATE 
 
 230 
 
 CAMP FEVER 
 
 Callososerrate (kal-o-so-ser'-at) [callus; serratus, 
 saw-shaped]. Having serrated callous projec- 
 tions. 
 
 Callosum (kal-o' -sum) . Same as Corpus 
 callosum. 
 
 Callous (kal'-us) [callus]. Hard; tough, like 
 callus. 
 
 Callus {kal'-us) [L.]. i. A callosity; hardened 
 and thickened skin. 2. The new growth of 
 incomplete osseous tissue that surrounds the 
 ends of a fractured bone during the process 
 of repair. C, Interior, C, Internal, pro- 
 visional callus of a fractured bone deposited 
 in its medullary canal. C, Permanent, 
 the permanent bond of bony union after 
 reabsorption of the provisional callus, or 
 cartilage-like, plastic material first thrown 
 out. C. of Skin, induration and thickening 
 of the skin. 
 
 Calmative {kah'-ma-tiv) [OF., calme, still]. 
 Calming; sedative. 
 
 Calmin (kal'-min). A compound of antipyrin 
 and heroin; it is used in asthma. 
 
 Calomel (kal'-o-mel) [/caAoc, fair; jieXac, black]. 
 Mercurous chlorid. 
 
 Calor (ka'-lor) [L.]. 1. Heat. 2. Moderate 
 fever-heat; less than fervor and ardor. C. 
 animalis, animal heat. C. febrilis, fever- 
 heat. C. fervens, boiling heat. C. innatus, 
 natural or normal heat. C. internus, 
 inward fever: fever not appreciable on the 
 surface of the body. C. mordax, C. mordi- 
 cans, biting or pungent heat. C. nativus, 
 native or animal heat; blood-heat; normal 
 heat. 
 
 Calorie (kal'-or-e). See Calory. 
 
 Calorifacient (kal-or-if-a' -she-ent) [calor; facere, 
 to make]. Heat-producing (applied to certain 
 foods). 
 
 Calorimeter (kal-or -im' -et-er) [calor; p.kxpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 amount of heat that bodies produce or ab- 
 sorb. C, Respiration (Atwater's), an appa- 
 ratus used to determine the caloric values of 
 various foods and their effect on meta- 
 bolism. 
 
 Calorimetric Equivalent. The amount of 
 heat necessary to raise the temperature of 
 the calorimeter i° C. 
 
 Calorimetry (kal-or -im'-et-re). The estimation 
 of the heat-units by the calorimeter. C, Di- 
 rect, a method of estimating the amount of 
 heat produced and given off by an animal in- 
 cased in a ventilated cabinet, and inclosed in 
 another cabinet filled with air or water, by 
 gaging the amount imparted to the air or 
 water in the second cabinet. C, Indirect, 
 that arrived at by an estimation of the calorific 
 value of a known quantity of food ingested 
 by an animal in a given time. 
 
 Calory (kal'-or-e) [Fr., calorie]. A heat-unit. 
 C, Great, the amount of heat required to 
 raise the temperature of one kilogram of 
 water one degree centigrade. C, Small, 
 the amount of heat required to raise the 
 temperature of one gram of water one degree 
 centigrade. 
 
 Calot's Method. See under Treatment. 
 
 Calumba (kal-um'-bah) [native Mozambique, 
 kalumb]. Columbo. The root of J ateorrhiza 
 calumba, native to South Africa and parts 
 of the East Indies. It is an excellent example 
 of a simple bitter, and contains a bitter 
 principle, calumbin, C 21 H 22 7 , of which the 
 dose is 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). It is not 
 astringent, and may be prescribed with salts 
 of iron. It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, 
 and as a mild, appetizing tonic in convales- 
 cence. C, Extract of (extractum calumbce, 
 
 B. P.). Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). C, 
 Fluidextract of (fluidextr actum calumbce, U. 
 S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). C, 
 Infusion of (infusum colombce, B. P.). Dose 
 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). C, Tincture of (tinc- 
 tura calumbce, U. S. P.), contains 10% of 
 calumba. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Calvaria, Calvarium (kal-va'-re-ah, -urn) [calva, 
 the scalp]. The upper part of the skull. 
 
 Calvities (kal-vish'-e-ez) [calvus, bald] 
 Baldness. 
 
 Calvous (kal'-vus) [calvus]. Bald. 
 
 Calx (kalks) [L.]. 1. The heel. 2. Calcium oxid. 
 
 C. chlorinata (U. S. P., B. P.), chlorinated 
 lime. C. sulphurata (U. S. P., B. P.), con- 
 sists largely of calcium sulfid; used extern-" 
 ally and internally in skin diseases. Dose 
 jo gr. (0.006 Gm.). 
 
 Calyciform (kal-is' -e-form) [calyx; forma, 
 shape]. Cup-shaped; resembling a calyx. 
 
 Calyx (ka'-liks) [L.; pi., calices]. A cup; espe- 
 cially one of the cup-like divisions of the 
 pelvis of the kidney into which the pyramids 
 project. 
 
 Camara (kam'-ar-ah). 1. An arched or vaulted 
 chamber. 2. The fornix of the brain. 3. The 
 hollow of the external ear. 
 
 Cambodia, ikam-bo' -de-ah). See Cambogia. 
 
 Cambogia (kam - bo' - je - ah) [Camboja, or 
 Cambodia, in Siam]. Gamboge. A resin- 
 ous gum from Garcinia hanburii, a tree 
 native to southern Asia. Its properties are 
 due to gambogic acid. It is a drastic, 
 hydragog cathartic, decidedly diuretic. C, 
 Compound Pill of (pilula cambogia com- 
 posita, B. P.), contains cambogia, aloes, 
 hard soap, compound powder of cinnamon, 
 and syrup. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 It is also officially a constituent of com- 
 pound cathartic pills. 
 
 Camera (kam'-er-ah) [i<a/mpa, an arched roof 
 or chamber]. 1. See Camara. 2. In optics, 
 the chamber or dark -box of the apparatus 
 used for photography. C. lucida, an optic 
 device for superimposing or combining two 
 fields of view in one eye, invented by the 
 chemist, Wollaston. C. septi lucidi, the 
 fifth ventricle of the brain. 
 
 Camisia foetus (kam-is'-e-ah). The chorion. 
 
 Camisole (kam-is-oV) [Fr.]. The strait-jacket, 
 formerly used for the restraint of violently 
 insane persons. 
 
 Camomile, Chamomile (kam'-o-mll). See 
 Anthemis and Matricaria. 
 
 Camp Fever. Synonym of Typhus fever. 
 
CAMPER'S CHIASM 
 
 231 
 
 CANADA BALSAM 
 
 Camper's Chiasm. The crossing of the inner 
 fibers of the tendons of the flexor sublimis 
 digitorum (see under Muscle) after they have 
 separated to give passage to the tendons 
 of the deep flexor. C.'s Ligament, triangu- 
 lar ligament; the deep perineal fascia. C.'s 
 Line, a line running from the external audi- 
 tory meatus to a point just below the nasal 
 spine. 
 
 Camphenes (kam'-fenz) [camphor]. The vola- 
 tile oils or hydrocarbons having the general 
 formula C 10 H 16 , isomeric with oil of turpentine. 
 Many camphenes, as oil of cloves, etc., exist 
 ready formed in plants. They are liquid 
 at ordinary temperatures. 
 
 Camphenol (kam'-Je-nol). A compound of 
 camphor, cresols, and phenols; it is a dis- 
 infectant. 
 
 Camphin (kam'-fin), C 10 H S . A colorless oil 
 obtained by the distillation of camphor with 
 iodin. 
 
 Camphol (kam'-fol). See Borneol. 
 
 Camphophenique (kam-fo-}en-ek f ) [Fr.]. A 
 proprietary preparation combining camphor 
 and phenol; it is recommended as an anti- 
 septic and local stimulant. 
 
 Camphor (kam'-for) [camphora, camphor], 
 C 10 H 16 O. A solid, volatile oil obtained from 
 Cinnamomum camphora, a tree indigenous 
 to eastern Asia. It yields camphoric and 
 camphonic acids, also camphor cymol when 
 exposed to a high heat in close vessels. It 
 is antispasmodic, anodyne, diaphoretic, and 
 stimulant. Applied locally, it is rubefacient. 
 It is used in cholera, vomiting, the typhoid 
 state, headache, diarrhea with pain, etc., 
 cardiac depression, and affections requiring 
 an antispasmodic. C, Artificial, C 10 H 16 HC1, 
 a terpene hydrochlorate obtained from oil 
 of turpentine by action of hydrochloric acid; 
 it is a solid very similar to camphor. C.-ball, 
 an English preparation used as an application 
 to chapped skin. Its composition is sperma- 
 ceti, 4; white wax, 12; oil of almonds, 5; 
 melt in a water-bath, and add flowers of 
 camphor 4; dissolve, and when nearly cold 
 pour into boxes or mold in gallipots. C, 
 Borneo. See Borneol. C, Carbolated, a 
 mixture of 2 h parts of camphor with 1 each 
 of phenol and alcohol; it is a good antiseptic 
 dressing for wounds. C. Cerate (ceratum 
 camphora, U. S. P.), consists of camphor 
 liniment, 3; olive-oil, 12; simple cerate, 
 85. It is used for itching skin affections. 
 C, Chloral, a fluid prepared by mixing 
 equal parts of camphor and chloral. It is 
 an excellent solvent for many alkaloids, 
 and is used externally as a sedative applica- 
 tion. C, Citrated, a compound of citric acid 
 and camphor; a white powder, antiseptic, 
 antispasmodic, and stimulant. Dose 3-10 
 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.) several times daily. C, 
 Flowers of, powdered camphor obtained by 
 condensing sublimed camphor. C.-ice, a 
 cosmetic preparation made by melting 16 
 parts of white wax with 48 parts of benzoated 
 suet, and then adding 8 parts of camphor and 
 
 1 part of oil of lavender. C, Japan, the com- 
 mercial variety brought from Japan; it is also 
 called tub camphor, from the receptacle in 
 which it comes, or Dutch camphor, from its 
 introduction into the market by that people. 
 C. Liniment {linimentum camphor ce, U. S. 
 P.), a preparation consisting of camphor, 20 
 parts; cotton-seed oil, 80 parts. C. Liniment, 
 Compound {linimentum camphora composita, 
 
 B. P.), contains camphor and oil of laven- 
 der dissolved in rectified spirit, and strong 
 solution of ammonia added. C, Liquid, oil 
 of camphor. C, Liquid Artificial, Ci Hi 6 - 
 HC1, a liquid isomer of solid artificial cam- 
 phor obtained from oil of turpentine by action 
 of gaseous hydrochloric acid at high tempera- 
 tures. C, Monobromated (camphora mono- 
 bromata, U. S. P.), C 10 H 15 BrO, camphor in 
 which one atom of hydrogen has been replaced 
 by an atom of bromin. It resembles the bro- 
 mids in therapeutic action. Dose 1-10 gr. 
 (0.065-0.65 Gm.). C, Neroli. See Aurade. 
 C. -resin, C 2 oH so 2 , a yellow, resinous body 
 obtained from camphor by heating it with 
 an alcoholic solution of caustic potash. C. 
 Salicylate, prepared by heating together 14 
 parts of camphor and 11 of salicylic acid. 
 It is used as an ointment. C. Spirit of 
 (spiritus camphora, U. S. P.), contains cam- 
 phor, 10; alcohol, 90 parts. Dose 5-20 
 min. (0.3-1.2 Cc). C., Tincture of, Com- 
 pound (tinctura camphora composita, B. 
 P.), contains opium, benzoic acid, camphor, 
 oil of anise, and proof spirit. Dose 15 min.-i 
 dr. (1-4 Cc). C, Tincture of, Rubini's, 
 a saturated solution of camphor in alcohol. 
 Dose 2-5 min. (0.12-0.3 Cc). C. -water 
 {aqua camphora, U. S. P.), consists of cam- 
 phor, 8; alcohol, 5; distilled water, suf- 
 ficient to make 1000 parts. Dose 1-4 dr. 
 (4-16 Cc). 
 
 Camphoraceous {kam-for-a'-sJuis). Resem- 
 bling or containing camphor. Syn., Cam- 
 phoroid; Camphorous. 
 
 Camphorate {kam'-}or-at). A basic salt of 
 camphoric acid. 
 
 Camphorated (kam' -Jor-a-ted) [camphor]. Im- 
 pregnated with camphor. 
 
 Camphoric {kam-for' -ik) . Relating to camphor. 
 
 C. Acid. See Acid, Camphoric. C.-acid 
 Phenetidin, a compound of camphoric acid 
 and paraphenetidin. C. Anhydrid, C n H 14 3 , 
 the anhydrid of camphoric acid, a sticky mass 
 obtained by heating the crude acid. 
 
 Camphorism (kam'-}or-izm). Camphor-poi- 
 soning: a condition marked by gastritis, coma, 
 and convulsions, due to excessive doses and 
 enemas of camphor and its preparations. 
 
 Camphoroxol (kam-for-oks'-ol). A 3% solu- 
 tion of hydrogen dioxid containing 32 % of 
 alcohol and 1 % of camphor. 
 
 Camphyl (kam'-fil). The hypothetic radicle of 
 borneol, C 10 H 17 . C. Alcohol, borneol. 
 
 Campimeter {kam-pim' '-et-er) . See Perime- 
 ter. 
 
 Canada Balsam {kan f -a-dah) . See Balsam, 
 Canada. C. Hemp. See Apocynum. 
 
CAN AD IN 
 
 232 
 
 CANAL 
 
 Canadin {kan'-ad-hi), C 21 H 21 N0 4 . An alkaloid 
 from the rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis, 
 occurring in pure white needles, soluble in 
 alcohol and melting at i32°-i35° C. 
 
 Canadol (kan'-ad-ol). A transparent volatile 
 liquid resembling benzene in smell. It is a 
 local anesthetic used in minor surgical oper- 
 ations. Unof. 
 
 Canal, Canalis (kan-aV, kan-a'-lis) [L., canalis]. 
 A tubular channel or passage. C., Abdom- 
 inal. See C, Inguinal. C, Alcock's. See 
 Alcock's Canal. C., Alimentary, the whole 
 digestive tube from the mouth to the anus. C, 
 Alisphenoid, in comparative anatomy, a 
 canal in the alisphenoid bone, opening an- 
 teriorly into the foramen rotundum, and 
 transmitting the external carotid artery. 
 C, Alveolar, Anterior, one located in the 
 superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior 
 superior dental nerve. C, Alveolar, In- 
 ferior, the inferior dental canal. C, Alveo- 
 lar, Median, one located in the superior 
 maxilla and transmitting the middle superior 
 dental nerve. C, Alveolar, Posterior, one 
 situated in the superior maxilla; it transmits 
 the posterior superior dental nerve. C, 
 Alveolodental, any of the dental canals. C, 
 Arachnoid, a space formed beneath the 
 arachnoid membrane of the brain; it trans- 
 mits the venae magnae galeni. C. of Arantius, 
 the ductus venosus. C, Archinephric, the 
 duct of the archinephron or primitive kidney. 
 C, Arnold's Innominate. See Arnold's 
 Canal. C, Arterial. See Ductus arteriosus. 
 C, Atrial, the cavity of the atrium. C, 
 Audtory, External, that from the auricle to 
 the tympanic membrane. C, Auditory, 
 Internal, that beginning on the posterior 
 surface of the petrous bone, and extending 
 outward and backward -for a distance of 
 about four lines; it transmits the auditor} 7 ' and 
 facial nerves and the auditory artery. C, 
 Auricular, i. See C, Auditory, External. 
 2. The constriction between the auricular 
 and ventricular portions of the fetal heart. 
 C, Avant-, the anterior portion of the male 
 urethra. C, Bartholin's, the duct of Bar- 
 tholin's gland. C, Bernard's. See Bernard's 
 Canal. C, Bichat's. See Bichat's Canal. 
 C, Biliary. See C, Hepatic. C, Blas- 
 toporic. See C, Neurenteric. C, Boch- 
 dalek's. See Bochdalek's Canal. C. of 
 Bone, a canaliculus of bone. C, Braun's. 
 See C., Neurentgric. C, Braune's. See 
 Braune' s Canal. C, Breschet's. See C.s of 
 Diploe. C, Bullular. See C. of Petit. C, 
 Caroticotympanic, two or three short canals 
 extending from the carotid canal to the 
 tympanum; they transmit branches of the 
 carotid plexus. C, Carotid, one in the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone; it 
 transmits the internal carotid artery. C.S 
 of Cartilage, the canals in ossifying cartilage 
 during its vascularization, intended to receive 
 prolongations of the osteogenetic layer of the 
 periosteum. They radiate in all directions 
 from the center of ossification. C, Central 
 
 (of the Modiolus), a canal running from 
 the base to the apex of the cochlea. C, 
 Central (of Spinal Cord), the small canal 
 that extends through the center of the spinal 
 cord from the conus medullaris to the lower 
 part of the fourth ventricle. It represents 
 the embryonic ectodermal canal. C, Cere- 
 brospinal, i. The neural or craniovertebral 
 canal formed by the skull and the spine, 
 and containing the brain and spinal marrow. 
 2. The primitive continuous cavity of the 
 brain and spinal cord, not infrequently more 
 or less extensively obliterated in the cord, 
 but in the brain modified in the form of 
 the several ventricles and other cavities. 
 C, Cervical. See C. of Cervix uteri. C, 
 Cervicouterine. See C., Uterine. C. of 
 Cervix uteri, that portion of the uterine 
 canal that extends between the internal and 
 the external os. Canalis choledochus, the 
 common bile-duct. C. of Chorda tympani, a 
 small canal in the temporal bone, between 
 its squamous and petrous portions, parallel 
 with the glaserian fissure; it transmits the 
 chorda tympani nerve. C, Ciliary. See 
 C. of Fontana. C, Circumpeduncular, the 
 lateral ventricles of the brain. C. of Cloquet. 
 See C, Hyaloid. C, Cochlear, the spiral 
 and snail-like cavity of the cochlea, 28 to 
 30 mm. long. The base is turned inward 
 toward the internal auditor}' meatus, and 
 the apex outward toward the tympanum. 
 C, Connecting, the arched or coiled portion 
 of a uriniferous tubule, joining with a col- 
 lecting tubule. C. of Corti, the triangular 
 canal formed by the pillars of Corti, the base 
 of which corresponds to the membrana 
 basilaris. It extends over the entire length 
 of the lamina spiralis. C, Cotugno's, 
 C. of Cotunnius. See Aqueduct of Cotun- 
 -nius. C, Craniopharyngeal, a fetal canal 
 perforating the posterior part of the sphenoid 
 bone and extending from the pharynx to 
 the hypophysis and the epiphysis; it some- 
 times persists in infancy. C, Craniover- 
 tebral. See C, Cerebrospinal, and C, 
 Vertebral. C, Crural. See C, Femoral. 
 C.s of Cuvier. See Cuvier's Canals. C, 
 Cystic, the cystic duct. C, Deferent, the 
 vas deferens. C.s, Demicircular. See C.s, 
 Semicircular. C, Dental, Anterior, one 
 extending into the facial portion of the 
 superior maxilla; it transmits the anterior 
 dental vessels and nerves. C, Dental, In- 
 ferior, the dental canal of the inferior 
 maxilla; it transmits the inferior dental nerve 
 and vessels. C.s, Dental, Posterior, two 
 canals in the superior maxilla. They transmit 
 the superior posterior dental vessels and nerves. 
 C.S, Dentinal, the minute canals in dentin, 
 extending approximately at right angles to 
 the surface of a tooth from the pulp-cavity, 
 into which they open, to the cementum and 
 enamel. C.s of Derivation, anastomotic 
 venous branches extending from deep to 
 superficial veins. C, Digestive. See C, 
 Alimentary. C.s of Diploe, canals in the 
 
CANAL 
 
 233 
 
 CANAL 
 
 diploe of the cranium transmitting Breschet's 
 veins. C, Ejaculatory. See Duct, Ejacu- 
 latory. C. of Epididymis, a convoluted 
 tube, about 20 feet "long when straightened, 
 forming the epididymis and continuous with 
 the vas deferens. C, Ethmoid, Anterior, 
 one between the ethmoid and frontal bones; 
 it transmits the nasal branch of the ophthal- 
 mic nerve and the anterior ethmoid vessels. 
 C, Ethmoid, Posterior. See C, Orbital, 
 Posterior Internal. C, Eustachian, one in 
 the petrous portion of the temporal bone, 
 containing a portion of the eustachian tube. 
 C, Facial, the aqueduct of Fallopius; it 
 transmits the facial nerve. C, Fallopian. 
 See C, Facial. C. of the Fallopian Tube. 
 See Aquceductus fallopii. C, Femoral. 1. 
 The inner compartment of the sheath of 
 the femoral vessels behind Poupart's liga- 
 ment. 2. See C, Hunter's. C. of Ferrein, 
 a triangular channel, supposed to exist 
 between the free edges of the eyelids when 
 they are closed, and to serve for conducting 
 the tears toward the puncta lacrimalia 
 during sleep. C. of Fontana, a series of 
 small spaces formed by the interlacing of the 
 connective-tissue fibers of the framework of 
 the peripheral processes of the iris, situated 
 in the angle of the anterior chamber, and 
 serving as a medium for the transudation of 
 the aqueous humor from the posterior to the 
 anterior chamber of the eye. Syn., Canal 0} 
 Hovins; Ciliary canal; Fontana' s spaces. C.S, 
 Galactophorous, the lactiferous tubules of 
 the mammary gland. Canalis ganglionaris, 
 the spinal canal of the modiolus. C. of 
 Gartner, in the female, the remains of 
 the main portion of the wolffian duct 
 of the embryo; it is a tube extending 
 transversely along the broad ligament, and 
 is the homolog of the vas deferens. C, 
 Genital, in comparative anatomy, any canal 
 designed for copulation or for the discharge 
 of ova. C. of Guidi. See C, Vidian. C, 
 Hannover's, the artificial passage produced 
 between the anterior and posterior fibers of 
 the zonules of Zinn by the injection of a 
 viscous fluid. C.s of Havers. See C.s, 
 Haversian. C.s, Haversian, canals in the 
 compact substance of bone forming a wide- 
 meshed network, and establishing communi- 
 cation between the medullary cavity and the 
 surface of the bone. Their average diameter 
 is 5-5-0 inch, and they are lined by a continu- 
 ation of the endosteum; they transmit blood- 
 vessels, lymph-vessels, and nerves. C, 
 Hemal, the ventral of the two canals, of 
 which, according to R. Owen, the vertebrate 
 animal is composed. It contains the heart 
 and the other viscera, while the neural canal 
 incloses the central nervous system. C. of 
 Henle, a portion of the uriniferous tubules. 
 C, Hensen's, the short vertical tube (1 mm. 
 long and 0.5 mm. wide) connecting the blind 
 extremity of the cochlear canal with the 
 saccule. Syn., Canalis reunkns. C, He- 
 patic. 1. The excretory duct of the liver. 
 
 2. The radicles of the hepatic duct. C, 
 Hernial, one transmitting a hernia. C, 
 His', the thyroglossal duct of the fetus, of 
 which the cecal foramen of the tongue is 
 the vestige and which may persist during 
 postnatal life. C. of Hovius. See C. 0} 
 Fontana. C. of Huguier. See C. of 
 Chorda tympani. C, Hunter's, a triangular 
 canal formed in the adductor magnus muscle 
 of the thigh; it transmits the femoral artery 
 and vein and internal saphenous nerve. C. 
 of Huschke, one formed by the junction 
 of the tubercles of the annulus tympanicus. 
 This is generally obliterated after the fifth 
 year, but may persist through life. C, 
 Hyaloid, a canal running anteroposteriorly 
 through the vitreous body, through which, 
 in the fetus, the hyaloid artery passes, to 
 ramify on the posterior surface of the crys- 
 talline lens. C. of the Hypoglossus, the 
 anterior condylar foramen. C, Incisor, a 
 canal that opens into the mouth by an aper- 
 ture just behind the incisor teeth of the upper 
 jaw; it is formed by a groove on the adjoining 
 surfaces of the superior maxillas, and has 
 two branches that open into the nasal fossas. 
 C, Infraorbital, a small canal running ob- 
 liquely through the bony floor of the orbit; 
 it transmits the infraorbital artery and nerve. 
 C, Inguinal, a canal about \\ inches long, 
 running obliquely downward and inward 
 from the internal to the external abdominal 
 ring, and constituting the channel through 
 which an inguinal hernia descends; it trans- 
 mits the spermatic cord in the male and the 
 round ligament of the uterus in the female. 
 C, Innominate. See Arnold's Innominate 
 Canal. C, Intestinal, that portion of the 
 alimentary canal that is included between 
 the pylorus and the anus. C, Intralobular, 
 Biliary, the radicles of the bile-ducts, form- 
 ing a fine network in and around the hepatic 
 cells, and communicating with vacuoles in 
 the cells. C. of Jacobson. See C, Tym- 
 panic. C. of Kowalewsky. See C, 
 Neurenteric. C, Lacrimal. 1. The bony 
 canal that lodges the nasal duct. 2. One of 
 the lacrimal canaliculi. C, Landzert's. See 
 C, Craniopharyngeal. C.,Lauth's. See C. 
 0} Schlemm. C. of Loewenberg, that portion 
 of the cochlear canal situated above the 
 membrane of Corti. C, Malar, one in the 
 malar bone transmitting the malar division 
 of the temporomalar branch of the superior 
 maxillary nerve. C.s, Mandibular. See C, 
 Dental, Inferior. C, Mastoid, one opening 
 just above the stylomastoid foramen and 
 transmitting the auricular branch of the 
 vagus nerve. C, Maxillary. See C, 
 Dental. C, Median. 1. The central canal 
 of the spinal cord. 2. The aqueduct of 
 Sylvius. C, Medullary. 1. The hollow 
 cavity of a long bone, containing the marrow. 
 2. See C, Vertebral. 3. The central canal 
 of the spinal cord. 4. A haversian canal. 
 5. In embryology, the medullary tube. C, 
 Medullary, Cerebrospinal, the central canal 
 
CANAL 
 
 234 
 
 CANAL 
 
 of the spinal cord. C, Membranous, of 
 the Cochlea, a canal in the cochlea, fol-, 
 lowing the turns of the lamina spiralis; it is 
 bounded by the basilar membrane, the mem- 
 brane of Reissner, and the wall of the cochlea. 
 C.s, Membranous, Semicircular. See C.s, 
 Semicircular. C. of Modiolus. See C, 
 Spiral, of the Modiolus. C, Myelonal, the 
 central canal of the spinal cord. C, Nasal, 
 i. See C, Lacrimal (i). 2. An occasional 
 canal found in the posterior portion of the 
 nasal bone; it transmits the nasal nerves. C, 
 Nasolacrimal. See C, Lacrimal (1). C, 
 Nasopalatine. See C, Incisor. Canalis 
 nervi petrosi profundi minoris, one in the 
 petrosa transmitting the deep petrosal nerve. 
 Canalis nervi petrosi superficialis majoris, 
 one opening into the fallopian aqueduct and 
 transmitting the great superficial nerve. C, 
 Neural. See C, Vertebral. C, Neurenteric 
 (of Kowalewsky), also called blastoporic 
 canal, in the embryo, a passage leading from 
 the posterior part of the medullary tube 
 into the archenteron. C, Neuro central. 
 See C, Vertebral. C. of Nuck, a pouch of 
 peritoneum which, in the female fetus de- 
 scends for a short distance along the round 
 ligament of the uterus into the inguinal canal; 
 it is the analog of the processus vaginalis 
 in the male. It sometimes persists after 
 birth. C.s, Nutritive. See C.s, Haversian. 
 C, Obstetric. See C, Parturient. C, 
 Obturator, a canal in the ilium transmitting 
 the obturator nerve and vessels. C.s, Olfac- 
 tory, in the embryo, the nasal fossas at an 
 early period of development. C, Omphalo- 
 mesenteric, in the embryo, a canal that 
 connects the cavity of the intestine with the 
 umbilical vesicle. C, Orbital, Anterior 
 Internal. See C, Ethmoid, Anterior. C, 
 Orbital, Posterior Internal, the posterior 
 of two canals formed by the ethmoid bone 
 and the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It 
 transmits the posterior ethmoid vessels. C, 
 Palatine, Accessory Posterior, one or two 
 canals in the horizontal plate of the palate 
 bone, near the groove entering into the 
 formation of the posterior palatine canal. 
 C, Palatine, Anterior, formed by the union 
 of the incisive canals; it opens on the palate 
 behind the incisor teeth. C, Palatine, 
 Descending. See C, Palatomaxillary. C, 
 Palatine, External, Small, a small canal in 
 the pyramidal process of the palate bone, close 
 to its connection with the horizontal plate. 
 It transmits the external palatine nerve. C, 
 Palatine, Posterior, C, Palatine, Smaller. 
 See C, Palatomaxillary. C, Palatine, Su- 
 perior, one formed by the palate bone 
 and the superior maxilla, transmitting the 
 large palatine nerve and blood-vessels. C, 
 Palatomaxillary, one formed by the outer 
 surface of the palate bone and the adjoining 
 surface of the superior maxilla. It transmits 
 the large palatine nerve and blood-vessel. C, 
 Parturient, the channel through which the 
 fetus passes in parturition, comprising the 
 
 cavity formed by the uterus and vagina 
 considered as a single canal. C, Pelvic, 
 the canal of the pelvis from the superior 
 to the inferior strait. C, Perivascular, 
 the lymph-spaces about the blood-vessels. 
 C. of Petit, a space, intersected by numerous 
 fine interlacing fibers, existing between the 
 anterior and posterior laminas of the sus- 
 pensory ligament of the crystalline lens. 
 It extends from the periphery of the lens 
 nearly to the apexes of the ciliary processes, 
 and transmits the secretion from the posterior 
 chamber. C, Petromastoid, a small canal, 
 not always present, situated at the angle of 
 union between the mastoid and petrous bones. 
 It transmits a small vein from the middle 
 fossa of the skull to the transverse sinus. 
 C.s, Petrosal, two canals on the upper surface 
 of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, 
 transmitting the large and small superficial 
 petrosal nerves. C, Pharyngotympanic, 
 one in the embryo developing into the 
 eustachian canal and the tympanum. C, 
 Plasmatic, a haversian canal. C, Pore. 
 See C, Porous. C, Porous, a canal in the 
 ovule, supposed to serve for the entrance 
 of the spermatozoids in fecundation. C, 
 Portal, the space in the capsule of Glisson 
 of the liver, in which the portal vein, hepatic 
 artery, and bile-duct lie. C, Primitive, the 
 vertebral canal of the embryo. C.s, Pseudo- 
 stomatous, the processes of branched cells 
 that extend from a subepithelial or endo- 
 thelial layer to the free surface, their free 
 ends forming the pseudostomas. C, Ptery- 
 goid. See C, Vidian. C, Pterygopalatine, 
 one formed by the root of the internal ptery- 
 goid plate of the sphenoid bone and the 
 sphenoid process of the palate bone. It 
 transmits the pterygopalatine vessels and 
 nerve. C, Pulmoaortic. See Ductus ar- 
 teriosus. C. of the Quadrigemina, the 
 sylvian aqueduct. Canalis radicis, one in 
 the root of a tooth. C.s of Recklinghausen, 
 minute channels supposed to exist in all 
 connective tissue, which are directly continu- 
 ous with the lymphatic vessels, and hence 
 may be said to form their origin. C, Re- 
 current, Canalis recurrens. See C, Vid- 
 ian. C, Reichert's. See C, Hensen's. C. 
 of Reissner. See C, Membranous, of the 
 Cochlea. C. of Rivinus, the duct of the 
 sublingual gland. C. of Rosenthal. See 
 C, Spiral, of the Modiolus. C, Sacculo- 
 cochlear, one connecting the sacculus and 
 the cochlea. C., Sacculoutricular, one con- 
 necting the sacculus and the utricle. C, 
 Sacral, the continuation of the vertebral 
 canal in the sacrum. C.S, Saviotti's, fine 
 artificial passages formed between the secret- 
 ing cells of the pancreas by the forcible 
 injection of a colored fluid into the ducts 
 of that organ. C. of Schlemm, an irregular 
 space or plexiform series of spaces occupying 
 the sclerocorneal region of the eye; it is 
 regarded by some" as a venous sinus, by 
 others as a lymph-channel. C.s, Semicir- 
 
CANAL 
 
 235 
 
 CANARY-SEED 
 
 cular, bony canals of the labyrinth of 
 the internal ear. They are three in number, — 
 the external, superior, and posterior, — and 
 contain the membranous semicircular canals. 
 C, Semicircular, Anterior, C, Semicircu- 
 lar, Anterior Vertical. See C, Semicircular, 
 Superior. C, Semicircular, External, 
 that one of the semicircular canals of 
 the labyrinth having its plane horizontal 
 and its convexity directed backward. C, 
 Semicircular, Frontal. See C, Semi- 
 circular, Superior. C, Semicircular, Hori- 
 zontal. See C, Semicircular, External. 
 C, Semicircular, Inferior, C, Semicircular 
 Inner, C, Semicircular, Internal. See C, 
 Semicircular, Posterior. C, Semicircular, 
 Lateral. SeeC, Semicircular, External. C, 
 Semicircular, Osseous. See C.s, Semicircular. 
 C, Semicircular, Posterior, that one of 
 the semicircular canals having its convexity 
 directed backward and its plane almost 
 parallel to the posterior wall of the pyramid. 
 C, Semicircular, Posterior Vertical, C, 
 Semicircular, Sagittal. See C, Semicircular, 
 Posterior. C, Semicircular, Superior, 
 that one of the semicircular canals having its 
 convexity directed toward the upper surface 
 of the pyramid. C.s, Seminal, the seminif- 
 erous tubules. C, Serous, any minute 
 canal connected with the lymph-vessels and 
 supposed to be filled with lymph. C, 
 Sheathing, the communication between the 
 cavity of the tunica vaginalis of the testicle 
 and the general peritoneal cavity. It soon 
 closes in man, leaving the tunica vaginalis a 
 closed sac. C, Spermatic, i. The vas 
 deferens. 2. The inguinal canal in the male. 
 C, Sphenopalatine. See C, Pterygo- 
 palatine. C, Spinal. See C, Vertebral. 
 C, Spiral, of the Cochlea, one that runs 
 spirally around the modiolus, taking two 
 turns and a half, diminishing in size from 
 the base to the apex, and terminating in the 
 cupola. C, Spiral, of the Modiolus, a 
 small canal winding around the modiolus at 
 the base of the lamina spiralis. C, Spiroid, 
 of the Temporal Bone. See C, Facial. 
 C. of Steno, the duct of the parotid gland. 
 C. of Stilling. See C, Hyaloid, and C, 
 Central, of Spinal Cord. C, Suborbital. 
 See C, Infraorbital. C, Supraorbital, one 
 at the upper margin of the orbit. It trans- 
 mits the supraorbital artery and nerve. C, 
 Tarsal, one between and below the heads 
 of the abductor hallucis, transmitting the 
 vessels and nerves to the sole of the foot. 
 C, Temporal, C.,Temporo malar. See C, 
 Zygomaticotemporal. C, Thoracic, the thor- 
 acic duct. Canales tubaeformes, the semicir- 
 cular canals. Canalis tuberculorum quad- 
 rigeminorum, the aqueduct of Sylvius. C, 
 Tuboovarian, the oviduct. C, Tympanic, 
 one that opens on the lower surface of the pet- 
 rous bone, between the carotid canal and the 
 groove for the internal jugular vein. It trans- 
 mits Jacobson's nerve. C, Uterine, the cavity 
 of the uterus, including the body and neck. 
 
 C, Uterocervical, the cavity of the cervix 
 uteri. C, Uterovaginal. 1. The common 
 canal formed by the uterus and vagina. 
 2. In embryology, the duct of Muller. C, 
 Vaginal, the canal of the vagina. C, 
 Vaginoperitoneal, the inguinal canal. C, 
 Vascular. See C.s, Haversian. C, Vector, 
 the oviduct. C, Venous, the ductus veno- 
 sus. C, Vertebral, the canal formed by 
 the vertebras; it contains the spinal cord 
 and its membranes. C, Vidian, a canal 
 of the sphenoid bone at the base of the 
 internal pterygoid plate, opening anteriorly 
 into the sphenomaxillary fossa, and pos- 
 teriorly into the lacerated foramen. It trans- 
 mits the vidian nerve and vessels. C.s, 
 Volkmann's, small canals found in the 
 circumferential lamellas of long bones and 
 transmitting blood-vessels; they communicate 
 with the haversian canals. Canalis vomeris, 
 one lying between the vomer and the lower 
 surface of the sphenoid, and transmitting 
 
 . blood-vessels to the nose. C.s, Vomero- 
 basilar, C.s, Vomerosphenoid, Lateral, 
 small lateral canals lying between the vomer 
 and the sphenoid, transmitting blood-vessels. 
 C, Vulvar, the vestibule of the vagina. 
 C, Vulvouterine, the vagina. C, Vulvo- 
 vaginal. 1. The vagina and the vulva con- 
 sidered as a single canal. 2. The orifice 
 of the hymen. C. of Wirsung, the pan- 
 creatic duct. C. of Wolff. See Wolffian 
 Duct. C, Zygomatic. See C, Zygomatico- 
 temporal. C, Zygomaticofacial. See C, 
 Malar. C, Zygomaticotemporal, the tem- 
 poral canal of the malar bone, running 
 from its orbital to its temporal surface. 
 It transmits a branch of the superior maxil- 
 lary nerve. 
 
 Canalicular (Jzan-al-ik'-u-lar) [canal]. Canal- 
 shaped. 
 
 Canaliculus (kan-al-ik'-u-lus) [L.]. 1. A 
 small canal; especially that leading from 
 the punctum to the lacrimal sac of the eye. 
 2. Any one of the minute canals opening 
 into the lacunas of bone. Canaliculi 
 accessorii, inconstant canals at the outer 
 edge of the anterior condylar foramen, for 
 the transmission of veins. C. of Commu- 
 nication, C. communicationis, a canal at 
 the junction of the petrosa and the mastoid 
 portion of the temporal bone, transmitting 
 a vein from the middle fossa of the skull 
 to the transverse sinus. Syn., Aqua?ductus 
 communicationis. C. laqueiformis. See 
 Henle's Loop. Canaliculi medullares. 
 See Canals, Haversian. C. pharyngeus. 
 See Canal, Pterygopalatine. Canaliculi, 
 Serous. See Canals of Recklinghausen. 
 Canaliculi vasculosi, haversian canals. 
 
 Canalization {kan-al-iz-a'-shun) [canal]. 1. 
 The formation of canals, as in tissues, etc. 
 2. A system of wound-drainage without 
 tubes. 
 
 Canary-seed (kan-a' '-re-sed) . The hulled seeds 
 of Phalaris canariensis; it is used in emollient 
 poultices. 
 
CANCELLOUS 
 
 236 
 
 CANCROID 
 
 Cancellous (kan' -sel-us) [cancelli, latticework]. 
 Resembling latticework, as the tissue in the 
 articular ends of long bones. 
 
 Cancer (kan'-ser). i. See Carcinoma. 2. Any- 
 kind of malignant growth. Syn., Malignant 
 disease. C, Acinous, C, Acute, medullary 
 carcinoma or medullary sarcoma. C, 
 Adenoid, a malignant form chiefly com- 
 posed of tubules lined with epithelium; 
 adenocarcinoma. C. a. deux, cancer attack- 
 ing both husband and wife, or suc- 
 cessively a man's first and his second wife. 
 C. albus. See Cancrum oris and Noma. 
 C. anthracinus, one beginning as a black 
 speck and developing into a mulberry- 
 like growth. C, Apinoid, a hard cancer, 
 so called because of the cleanness of its 
 section. C, Apioid, a hard cancer 
 resembling an immature pear in section. 
 C. aquaticus. Synonym of Gangrenous 
 stomatitis. C, Aran's Green, chloroma. 
 malignant lymphoma of the orbital cavity 
 associated with grave leukemia, and tending 
 to form metastases through the lymphatic 
 system. Syn., Cancer vert d'Aran. C, 
 Areolar. See Carcinoma, Colloid. C- 
 bandage, a crab-shaped bandage; a split 
 cloth of eight tails. C. of the Blood, leukocy- 
 themia. C, Cavernous, a colloid carcinoma 
 in which the alveoli have become absorbed. 
 C.-cell, an epithelial cell of peculiar, dis- 
 torted shape, found in the interior of cancer- 
 nests. It is an ordinary epithelial cell altered 
 in outline by pressure. C, Cellular, C, 
 Cerebriform. See Carcinoma, Soft, and Sar- 
 coma, Encephaloid. C, Chimney-sweep's. 
 See Carcinoma, Chimney-sweep's. C, Chon- 
 droid, a hard cancer, which on section 
 exhibits a shining, bluish-white appearance. 
 C, Chronic, a scirrhous cancer. C., Cica- 
 trizing, a form of hard cancer marked by 
 atrophy and shrinking. C, Clay-pipe. See 
 C, Smoker's. C, Cohnheim's Theory of 
 the Embryonic Origin of, according to 
 which the fetal life portions of the epithe- 
 lium become nipped off and included in 
 the connective tissue; these portions in later 
 life, if stimulated to activity, give rise to a 
 cancerous growth. Syn., Inclusion theory. , C, 
 Colloid. See Carcinoma, Colloid. C, 
 Connective-tissue. See C.,Hard. C, Den- 
 dritic, a papilloma. C, Duct, a form of colum- 
 nar epithelioma. C, Eburneous. See Sclero- 
 derma. C, Embolic, one due to embolic infec- 
 tion. C, Encephaloid. See Carcinoma, Ence- 
 phaloid. C. en cuirasse, disseminated cancer 
 of the skin of the thorax. C, Fasciculated, a 
 spindle-celled sarcoma. C, Fungoid, C., 
 Fungous, C, Hematoid. See Sarcoma, En- 
 cephaloid; Angioma, Cavernous; and Angio- 
 myces. C, Gelatiniform, C, Gelatinous, a 
 colloid cancer. C, Glaucoid, C, Green. See 
 C, Aran's Green. C, Hard, one containing 
 an excess of fibrous tissue. C, Inclusion 
 Theory of. See C, Cohnheim's Theory of the 
 Embryonic Origin of. C, Jacket, a continu- 
 ously spreading cancerous infiltration of the 
 
 superficial tissues. C- juice, the milky fluid 
 yielded by the cut surface of a cancer on 
 scraping. C, Lipomatous, one marked by 
 many fat -cells in the stroma. C, Mam- 
 mary. 1. One affecting a mammary gland. 
 
 2. See C, Mastoid. C, Mastoid, a form of 
 medullary sarcoma presenting on section the 
 appearance of boiled cow's udder. C, Me- 
 dullary. See C, Soft. C, Melanotic, a pig- 
 mented form. C, Nephroid, a form of enceph- 
 aloid sarcoma having the appearance of a kid- 
 ney in section. C.-nest, a mass of cancer-cells. 
 C, Osteoid. 1. One containing a deposition 
 of osseous material. 2. See Osteosarcoma. 
 
 3. See Osteochondroma. C, Osteolytic, 
 carcinomatous infiltration of bone without 
 distinct tumor-formation. C. phagedaena, 
 one beginning as a pustule which develops 
 sudden ulceration and rapid progression. 
 C, Primary, C, Primitive, one not due 
 to infection from some preceding cancerous 
 manifestation. C. pullulans, an ulcerating 
 cancer which forms granulations. C, Pulpy, 
 C, Pultaceous. See C, Colloid. C, 
 Ramose, a form of hard cancer which 
 branches. C, Rodent. 1. Lupus. 2. Ro- 
 dent ulcer. C, Scirrhous. See C, Hard. 
 C, Smoker's, epithelioma of the lip or 
 mouth attributed to tobacco smoke or 
 the irritation of a pipe. C, Soft, one in 
 which the cells predominate, the connective 
 tissue being very small in amount. C, 
 Solanoid, one having the appearance of a 
 potato in section. C, Soot. See Carcinoma, 
 Chimney-sweep' s. C, Stone, scirrhous carci- 
 noma. C. terebrans, an epithelioma. C, Tu- 
 bular Epithelial. See Cylindroma. C. ver- 
 rucosus, epithelioma with wart-like epithelial 
 hypertrophy. C, Villous. See Papilloma. C, 
 xanthosus. See C, Aran's Green. 
 
 Cancerin (kan'-ser-4.n) [cancer]. The name 
 given to a ptomain obtained from the urine 
 in cases of carcinoma of the uterus. It 
 is a white substance, crystallizing in fine 
 needles and soluble in alkaline solutions. Its 
 formula is C 8 H 5 N0 3 . 
 
 Cancerism (kan'-ser-izm). The tendency to 
 cancerous formation. 
 
 Canceroderm (kan'-ser-o-derm). A. T. Brand's 
 name for angiomas, conspicuous in size and 
 number, which appear in certain people who 
 are not aged, and which he believes bear 
 a relation to malignant growths. 
 
 Canceromyces {kan - ser - o -mi' - sez). See 
 Cladosporium cancerogenes. 
 
 Cancerous (kan' -ser -us). Having the qualities 
 of a cancer; malignant. 
 
 Cancriamceba macroglossia (kang-kre-ah-me* - 
 bah mak-ro-glos' -e-ah) . An organism claimed 
 to have been found in epithelial carcinoma, 
 and of which the spores are identical with 
 Plimmer's bodies. 
 
 Cancrine (kang'-kren). Cancerous. 
 
 Cancroid (kang'-kroid) [cancer]. 1. Cancer- 
 like. 2. An epithelioma. 3. A vari- 
 ety of keloid. C. Corpuscles. See 
 Corpuscles, Cancroid. C, Dermic, epithe- 
 
CANCROIN 
 
 237 
 
 CAXTHAREXE 
 
 lioma attacking all the layers of the 
 skin. C, Follicular, epithelioma arising 
 in the hair -follicles or in the glands of the 
 skin. C, Papillary, epithelioma affecting 
 the papillary layer and subsequently the 
 other layers of the skin. C. Ulcer. See 
 Rodent Ulcer. 
 
 Cancroin (kang'-kro-in) [cancer]. A sub- 
 stance (said to be identical with neurin) 
 introduced by Adamkiewicz as a material for 
 hypodermatic injection in cases of malignant 
 disease, it being regarded by him as an alexin 
 destructive of cancer tissue. 
 
 Cancrum {kang'-krum) [cancer]. A cancer 
 or rapidly spreading ulcer. C. oris, a 
 disease of childhood between the ages of 
 one and five, characterized by the formation 
 of foul, deep ulcers of the buccal surfaces 
 of the cheeks or lips. There is but slight 
 pain, but the prostration is great, and death 
 usually results from exhaustion or blood- 
 poisoning. The disease is bacterial, poor 
 hygienic surroundings and a debilitated 
 system being predisposing causes. Syn., 
 Canker of tlie mouth; Gangrenous stomatitis; 
 Xoma; Gangrenous ulceration 0} tlie mouth. 
 
 Canella (kan-el'-ah) [dim, of canna, a reed]. 
 The bark of C. alba deprived of its corky 
 layer and dried. It is a native of the West 
 Indies, and is an aromatic tonic and bitter 
 stomachic. Dose of the powdered bark 
 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). It is official in the 
 
 B. P. 
 
 Cane-sugar. See Saccharose (1). 
 
 Canicaceous {kan-e-ka'-shus) [caniccB, a kind 
 of bran]. Furfuraceous. 
 
 Canine {ka'-nin) [cam's, a dog]. Partaking 
 of the nature of, relating to, or resembling a 
 dog or the sharp tearing-teeth of mammals, 
 located between the incisors and the molars. 
 
 C. Appetite, bulimia. C. Eminence, a 
 prominence on the outer side of the maxilla. 
 C. Fossa. See Fossa, Canine. C. Laugh, a 
 sardonic smile or grin. C. Madness, rabies; 
 hydrophobia. C. Muscle, the levator anguli 
 oris. C. Teeth, the cuspid teeth next to the 
 lateral incisors; so called from their resem- 
 blance to a dog's teeth. Syn., Conoides; 
 Cuspidati; Cynodontes; Denies angularcs; 
 Denies canini; Denies laniarii; Eye-teeth. 
 
 Canities (kan-ish'-e-ez) [L.]. Poliosis; 
 hoariness; blanching of the hair. 
 
 Canker (kang'-ker) [cancer, a crab]. An 
 ulceration of the mouth, or any ulcerous 
 or gangrenous sore; cancrum oris; in far- 
 rier}-, a fetid abscess of the horse's foot. 
 See Cancrum oris. C.-rash. Synonvm 
 of Scarlatina. 
 
 Canna {kan'-ah) [/cdwa, a cane]. A genus 
 of large-leaved marantaceous plants. C. 
 indica has an acrid and stimulant root; 
 it is alterative, diuretic, and diaphoretic. 
 The rhizome of C. speciosa affords canna- 
 starch, a substitute for arrowroot. 
 
 Cannabene {kan'-ab-en). See under Cannabis. 
 
 Cannabin {kan'-ab-in). A crystalline alkaloid 
 from Indian hemp; it is hypnotic. Dose 
 
 i§-4 gr. (0.097-0.26 Gm.). C. Tannate, a 
 
 yellow, astringent powder, soluble in alkaline 
 water or alcohol; it is hypnotic and sedative. 
 Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.6 Gm.). 
 
 Cannabindon {kan-a-bin'-don), C s H 12 0. A 
 dark, cherry -red syrup obtained from Indian 
 hemp; soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. It 
 is hypnotic and narcotic. Dose h-2 gr. 
 (0.03-0.13 Gm.). 
 
 Cannabinin (kan-ab'-in-in) [cannabis]. A 
 volatile alkaloid from Indian hemp. 
 
 Cannabinol (kan-ab'-in-ol), C 1S H 24 2 . A red 
 oil obtained by fractional distillation from 
 Indian hemp, and supposed to be its most 
 active ingredient. 
 
 Cannabinon, Cannabinone {kan-ab'-in-on) 
 [cannabis]. An amorphous bitter resinoid 
 from Indian hemp, used as a hypnotic. 
 Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Cannabis {kan'-ab-is) [L.]. Hemp. Indian 
 hemp. The flowering tops of C. saliva, of 
 which there are two varieties, C. indica and 
 C. americana, the former being the more 
 potent; they contain a resin, cannabin, and 
 a volatile oil, from which are obtained can- 
 nabene, C^Hoq, a light hydrocarbon, and 
 cannabene hydrid, a crystalline body. It 
 is antispasmodic, narcotic, and aphrodisiac. 
 In large doses it produces mental exaltation, 
 intoxication, and a sensation of double con- 
 sciousness. It is used in migraine, in paral- 
 ysis agitans, in spasm of the bladder, in sexual 
 impotence, in whooping-cough, in asthma, 
 and in other spasmodic affections. Bang, 
 bhang, cunjah, churrus, and hashish are 
 the various Indian names by which the drug 
 is known. C. indica (U. S. P.), Indian 
 cannabis. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). C. 
 indica, Extract of (extractum cannabis 
 indica, U. S. P.). Dose ^-1 gr. (0.01-0.065 
 Gm.)- C. indica, Fluidextract of {fluidex- 
 tractum cannabis ■indica', U. S. P.), an alcoholic 
 preparation. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Co). 
 C. indica, Tincture of (tinctura cannabis 
 indies, U. S. P.), contains 10 % of the drug. 
 Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Co). 
 
 Cannula (kan'-u-lah) [dim. of canna, a 
 tube]. A tube used for withdrawing fluids 
 from the body. It is generally fitted 
 with a pointed rod for puncturing the integu- 
 ment. 
 
 Cannular, Cannulate {kan'-u-lar, -lat) [can- 
 nula]. Tubular; channeled. 
 
 Canor {ka'-nor) [L.; pi., canores]. A musical 
 sound. C. stethoscopicus. See Metallic 
 Tinkling. 
 
 Can quoin's Paste. A paste of flour, water, 
 and zinc chlorid; it is a powerful escharotio 
 
 Cantani's Diet. An exclusive meat-diet in 
 diabetes. 
 
 Cantering Rhythm {kan'-ter-ing rithm). See 
 Bruit de Galop. 
 
 Canthal (kan'-thal) [na^doc, a canthus]. Re- 
 lating to a canthus. 
 
 Cantharene (kan'-thar-cn), C^XJoOj. A 
 compound obtained from cantharidin by 
 action of hvdriodic acid. 
 
CANTHARIDAL 
 
 238 
 
 CAPILLARY 
 
 Cantharidal (kan-thar' -id-at) [cantharides]. 
 Relating to or containing cantharides. C. 
 Collodion (collodium canfharidatum, U". S.P.). 
 See Collodion, Cantharidal. 
 
 Cantharidated {kan-thar' -id-a-ted) . Contain- 
 ing cantharides. 
 
 Cantharides (kan-thar' -id-ez). [i<avdapcc~, a 
 blistering Spanish fly]. The dried body of 
 a species of beetle, C. vesicatoria (nat. ord. 
 Culeoptera). It contains a powerful poisonous 
 principle, cantharidin (q. v.). Locally ap- 
 plied, cantharidis is a rubefacient and 
 vesicant; internally it is an irritant, caus- 
 ing pain and vomiting. In toxic doses it 
 produces severe gastroenteritis, strangury, 
 and priapism. It is used as an external 
 counterirritant in the form of "blisters." 
 Internally it is employed as a stimulant to the 
 genitourinary mucous membrane, especially 
 in cystitis, atony of the bladder, amenor- 
 rhea, etc.; also in skin diseases. C. Cerate 
 (ceratum cantharidis, U. S. P.), cantharides, 
 35; rosin, 20; yellow wax 20; lard, 35 parts; 
 liquid petrolatum, q. s. C. Liniment, can- 
 tharides, 15 parts; oil of turpentine, q. s. ad 
 100. C. Ointment (unguentum cantharidis, 
 
 B. P.), cantharides, yellow wax, olive-oil. C. 
 Paper (charta epispastica, B. P.), blistering 
 paper, contains cantharides, 1 ; Canada tur- 
 pentine, 1; olive -oil, 4; spermaceti, 3; white 
 wax, 8 ; water, 10 parts, spread on paper. 
 
 C. Plaster (emplastrum cantharidis, B. P.), 
 cantharides, yellow wax, prepared suet, pre- 
 pared lard, rosin. C, Tincture of 
 (tinctura cantharidis, U. S. P.), contains 10% 
 of the drug. Dose 3-10 min. (0.09-0.3 Cc). 
 C, Vinegar of (acetum cantharidis, B. P.), 
 of the strength of 1 to 8. 
 
 Cantharidic (kan-thar -id' -ik). Relating to or 
 obtained from cantharides. C. Anhydrid. 
 Synonym of Cantharidin. 
 
 Cantharidin (kan-thar' -id-in) [cantharides], 
 C 10 H a2 O 4 . The bitter principle contained in 
 Spanish flies and other insects; it crystallizes 
 in prisms or leaflets, and melts at 21 8°. It 
 has an extremely bitter taste, and produces 
 blisters on the skin. See Cantharis. 
 
 Cantharidism (kan-thar' -id-izm) [cantharides]. 
 Cantharidal poisoning. C, External, pois- 
 oning by absorption from a cantharidal 
 blister. 
 
 Cantharis (kan'-thar-is). See Cantharides. 
 
 Canthectomy (kan-thek' -to-me) [canthus; in-op.r], 
 a cutting out]. Excision of a canthus. 
 
 Canthitis (kan-thi' -tis) [canthus; ctcc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of a canthus. 
 
 Canthoplasty (kan' - tho - plas - te) [canthus; 
 izXaooev, to form]. An operation for in- 
 creasing the size of the palpebral fissure by 
 cutting the outer canthus. 
 
 Canthorrhaphy (kan-thor' -a-fe) [canthus; pa<f>rj, 
 a seam]. An operation to reduce the size 
 of the palpebral fissure by suture of the can- 
 thus. 
 
 Canthotomy (kan-thof -o-me) [canthus; to/xtj, 
 a cutting]. Surgical division of a can- 
 thus. 
 
 Canthus (kan'-thus) [KavOog, canthus]. The 
 angle formed by the junction of the eye- 
 lids. 
 
 Canula (kan'-u-lah). See Cannula. 
 
 Caoutchouc (koo'-chook) [S. A.]. Rubber. 
 The chief substance contained in the milky 
 juice that exudes upon incision of a num- 
 ber of tropical trees belonging to the natural 
 orders Euphorbiacece, Artocarpacece, and Apo- 
 cynacecE. The juice is a vegetable emul- 
 sion, the caoutchouc being suspended in it 
 in the form of minute transparent globules. 
 When pure, caoutchouc is nearly white, soft, 
 elastic, and glutinous; it swells up in water 
 without dissolving ; the best solvents are 
 carbon disulfid and chloroform. It melts 
 at about 150 C. and decomposes at 200 
 C. 
 
 Cap (kap) [AS., cappe]. 1. See Tegmentum. 
 2. The tissue covering the conic end of a 
 lymph -follicle. C, Enamel, the concave 
 enamel-organ covering the top of the growing 
 tooth -papilla. C, Nuclear, a collection of 
 chromophilic substance on one side of the 
 nucleus of a cell. 
 
 Capacity (kap-as'-it-e) [capacitas, capacity]. 
 1. The power of holding or containing; 
 mental or physical ability. 2. Cubic extent. 
 C, Testamentary, a legal term signifying the 
 degree of mental ability requisite for making 
 a valid will. C, Vital, the total amount of air 
 that can be expelled by jhe most forcible 
 expiration after the deepest inspiration. 
 
 Capillaraneurysm (kap-il-ar-an' -u-rizm) [cap- 
 illus; aveupuopta, a widening]. Excessive cap- 
 illarectasia. 
 
 Capillarectasia (kap-il-ar-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [capil- 
 lus; enraocc, a stretching -out]. Dilation of 
 the capillaries. 
 
 Capillarity (kap-il-ar'-it-e) [capillary]. 1. Cap- 
 illary attraction; the force that causes fluids 
 to rise in fine tubes or bores. 2. The con- 
 dition of being capillary. 
 
 Capillary (kap'-il-a-re) [capillus]. 1. Hair- 
 like; relating to a hair, to a hair -like fila- 
 ment, or to a tube with a hair-like bore. 
 
 Intercellular 
 
 secretory 
 
 capillary. 
 
 From a Section of the Pancreas of Adult Man. 
 —(Stohr.) 
 
 2. A minute blood-vessel connecting the 
 smallest ramifications of the arteries with 
 
CAPILLITIUM 
 
 239 
 
 CAPSICUM 
 
 those of the veins. C. Attraction. See Cap- 
 illarity. C. Bronchitis. See Bronchitis, 
 Capillary. C. Fissure, C. Fracture, a 
 
 linear fracture, without displacement. Cap- 
 illaries, Meigs', the branching capillaries 
 . discovered by A. V. Meigs between the mus- 
 cular fibers of the human heart. C. Nevus. 
 See Nevus (2). C. Pulse, pulsation of the 
 capillaries sometimes seen in aortic regurgita- 
 tion. C. Vessels, the capillaries. 
 
 Capillitium {kap-il-ish' -e-um) [L.]. The hair 
 of the head, or the portion of the scalp thus 
 covered. 
 
 Capillose {kap'-il-oz) [capillosus]. Hairy. 
 
 Capistration {kap-is-tra'-shun). See Phimosis; 
 also Trismus. 
 
 Capistrum {kap-is'-trum) [L., "a muzzle or 
 halter"; pi., capistra]. 1. A bandage for 
 the head or lower jaw. Syn., Capelina. 2. 
 Trismus. 
 
 Capital {kap'-it-al) [caput]. 1. Pertaining to 
 the head, or to the summit of a body or object. 
 2. Of great importance, as a capital operation 
 in surgery. 
 
 Capitatum {kap -it-a' -turn). The large bone 
 of the carpus, the os magnum. 
 
 Capitellum {kap -it-el' -um) [dim. of caput]. 
 The rounded, external surface of the lower 
 end of the humerus. 
 
 Capitium {kap-e'-she-um) [L.]. A bandage 
 for the head; it may be triangular or four- 
 cornered. C. magnum, C. quadrangulare, 
 C. quadratum, a four-cornered head band- 
 age. C. minus, C. triangulare, a three- 
 cornered head bandage. 
 
 Capitones {kap' -it-on-ez) [L.]. Fetuses with 
 heads too large for unassisted delivery. 
 
 Capitulum (kap-if '-u-lum) [L., "a small 
 head"]. A little head. C. of Santorini, a 
 small elevation on the apex of the arytenoid 
 cartilage, corresponding in position to the 
 posterior extremity of the vocal band. 
 
 Capnomor {kap' '-no-mor) [nanvoc, smoke; (io"cpa, 
 a part], C 20 H 22 O 2 . A transparent, colorless, 
 oily fluid, a constituent of smoke obtained 
 from the heavy oil of tar. It dissolves 
 caoutchouc. 
 
 Capparis {kap'-ar-is) [L., "the caper-bush"]. A 
 genus of shrubs including the caper-bush, 
 C. spinosa. Its flower-buds {capers) are 
 pickled or made into sauce. The bark of 
 the root and the flowers are official remedies 
 in some countries. It is diuretic, cathartic, 
 depurative, stimulant. C. aphylla, a shrub 
 of India, is esteemed in the treatment of 
 boils and affections of the joints. C. cori- 
 acea is a native of Peru; the fruit is anti- 
 epileptic and antihysteric. The root-bark of 
 C. jamaicensis, of South America, is rube- 
 facient, the root diuretic, the leaves and 
 flowers antispasmodic. 
 
 Capranica's Reaction for Bile-pigments. 
 Add to the solution chloroform containing 
 some bromin, and shake; it becomes first 
 green, blue-violet, yellowish red, and finally 
 colorless. If the green or blue solution is 
 shaken with HC1, the color is destroyed by 
 
 the acid. C.'s Reaction for Guanin. 1. 
 
 A warm solution of guanin hydrochlorid 
 with a cold saturated solution of picric acid 
 gives a yellow precipitate occurring as silky 
 needles. 2. Add to a guanin solution a 
 concentrated solution of potassium ferri- 
 cyanid: a yellowish-brown prismatic pre- 
 cipitate is formed. 3. On the addition of a 
 concentrated solution of potassium chromate 
 to guanin solutions an orange-red crystalline 
 precipitate is formed. It is very insoluble 
 in water. 
 
 Caprate {kap' -rat). A salt of capric acid. 
 
 Capric {kap'-rik) [capra, a goat]. Relating or 
 belonging to, or having the odor of, a goat. 
 C. Acid. See Acid, Capric. 
 
 Caprin {kap'-rin) [see Capric]. An oily and 
 flavoring constituent of butter; glycerol 
 caprate. 
 
 Caprinate {kap'-rin-at). See Caprate. 
 
 Caprinic {kap-rin'-ik). See Capric. 
 
 Caprizant {kap f -ri-zant) [see Capric]. Leap- 
 ing; of irregular motion, applied to the 
 pulse. 
 
 Caproate {kap'-ro-at). A salt of normal caproic 
 acid. 
 
 Caproic {kap-ro'-ik). See Capric. C. Acid. 
 See Acid, Caproic. C. Anhydrid, C 12 H 22 3 , 
 a neutral oily liquid. 
 
 Caproin {kap'-ro-in). A fat, resembling caprin, 
 found in goat's butter. 
 
 Caprone {kap' -r on) [see Capric], C n H 22 0. 
 Caproic ketone; a clear, volatile oil found 
 in butter, and forming the larger part of the 
 oil of rue. 
 
 Caproyl {kap'-ro-il). 1. C 6 H n O. A hypo- 
 thetic radicle. Syn., 
 radicle. Syn., Hexyl. 
 
 Caproylamin {kap-ro-W -am-in) [caproyl; amin], 
 C 6 H 15 N. Hexylamin. A ptomain formed 
 in the putrefaction of yeast. 
 
 Caprylic Acid {kap-ril'-ik). See Acid, Caprylic. 
 
 Capsaicin {kap-sa'-is-in). See Capsicin. 
 
 Capsicin {kap'-sis-in). 1. C 9 H 14 2 . The ac- 
 tive principle of Cayenne j>epper, found in 
 the pericarp and placenta of Capsicum }as- 
 tigiatum, and soluble in alcohol, ether, ben- 
 zene, and fixed oils. It is a thick, yellowish- 
 red substance, and its vapors are intensely 
 acrid. Dose Yff"J gr. (0.006-0.016 Gm.). 
 2. A volatile alkaloid from capsicum, occur- 
 ring as an oily liquid devoid of pungency. 
 
 Capsicol {kap'-sik-ol) [capsicum; oleum, oil]. 
 A red oil obtainable from the oleoresin of 
 capsicum. 
 
 Capsicum (kap'-sik-um) [capsa, a. box]. 
 Cayenne pepper. The fruit of C. jastigiatum, 
 native to tropical Africa and America. Its 
 odor and hot taste are due to a volatile oil, 
 capsicin, C 9 H 14 2 , which is initant to the 
 skin and mucous membranes. Internally it 
 is a stomachic, tonic, diuretic, and aphrodisiac. 
 It is useful in atonic dyspepsia, flatulent- 
 colic, and intermittent fever. C. annuum 
 is the common red pepper of the garden. 
 C, Fluidextract of {fluidextr actum capsici, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 5 min.-i dr. (0.3-4.0 Cc). 
 
CAPSITIS 
 
 240 
 
 CAPUT 
 
 C. Liniment, i in 10, for chest affections, 
 rheumatism, etc. C, Oleoresin of {oleo- 
 resina capsici, U. S. P.). Dose | gr. (0.03 
 Gm.). C. Plaster {emplastrum capsici, 
 U. S. P.), prepared from the oleoresin and 
 adhesive plaster. C, Tincture of {tinctura 
 capsici, U. S. P.), contains 10 % of capsicum. 
 Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Capsitis (kap-si'-tis). Same as Capsulitis. 
 
 Capsotomy {hap -sot' -o -me). See Capsulotomy. 
 
 Capsula {kap r -su-lah) [L., "a small box"], 
 i. The interna] capsule of the brain; it is 
 the thick layer of fibers between the caudatum 
 and thalamus mesad and the lenticula laterad; 
 it is continuous with the crura caudad, and 
 its expansion is called the corona. 2. See 
 Capsule. 
 
 Capsular {kap' -su-lar) [capsule]. Pertaining to 
 a capsule. C. Cataract, an opacity of the 
 capsule of the crystalline lens. C. Hemi- 
 plegia, a hemiplegia due to a lesion in the 
 internal capsule. 
 
 Capsulation {kap-su-la' -shun) [capsule]. The 
 act or process of inclosing in capsules. 
 
 Capsule (kap'-siil) [dim. of capsa, a chest]. 
 A receptacle or bag. In pharmacy, a small, 
 spheroid shell composed of glycerol and 
 gelatin, divided so that the parts fit together 
 like a box and cover. It is used for the 
 administration of nauseous medicines. C, 
 Acoustic. See C, Auditory. C, Adipose. 
 See C. of the Kidney. C, Aqueous, C. of 
 the Aqueous Humor, Descemet's mem- 
 brane. C, Articular. See Ligament, 
 Capsular. C, Atrabiliary. See C, Supra- 
 renal. C, Auditory, the primitive auditory 
 organ, formed by the invagination of the 
 nervous stratum of the epiblast. See also 
 'Vesicle, Auditory. C, Bonnet's, the pos- 
 terior portion of the sheath of the eyeball. 
 C, Bowman's, the covering of the tuft of 
 vessels of a renal glomerule. It is the be- 
 ginning of the uriniferous tubule. C, Bow- 
 man-Muller's. See C, Bowman's. C, 
 Brain. See Capsula (1). C, Cartilage, C. 
 of a Cartilage-cell, the lining of cartilage-cavi- 
 ties containing the cartilage-cells. C, Crys- 
 talline. See C. of the Lens. C, External, 
 a layer of white nerve -fibers forming part 
 of the external boundary of the lenticular 
 nucleus. C, Fibrous. See Ligament, Cap- 
 sular. C. of Glisson. See Glisson's Capsule. 
 C.S, Glutoid, gelatin capsules treated with 
 formaldehyd. C., Hemorrhoidal, a metal, 
 capsule-shaped device for applying Vienna 
 paste to a hemorrhoid. C, Hyaloid. See 
 Membran.a limitans. C, Internal, a layer of 
 nerve-fibers on the outer side of the optic 
 thalamus and caudate nucleus, which it sep- 
 arates from the lenticular nucleus, and con- 
 taining the continuation upward of the crus 
 cerebri. C. of the Kidney, the fat-contain- 
 ing connective tissue encircling the kidney. 
 C. of the Lens, a transparent, structureless 
 membrane inclosing the lens of the eye. C, 
 Malpighian, the commencement of the 
 uriniferous tubules. See C, Bowman's. C. 
 
 Muller's. See C, Bowman's. C, Nasal, 
 the embryonic cartilage which becomes the 
 nose. C. of a Nerve-cell, that portion of the 
 neurilemma which covers a ganglion-cell. C. , 
 Optic, the embryonic structure forming the 
 sclera. C.,Periotic, the structure surround- 
 ing the internal ear. C, Renal. See C, 
 Suprarenal. C.s, Seminal, expansions of 
 the vasa deferentia near the seminal vesicles; 
 applied by some authorities to the seminal 
 vesicles. Syn., Capsulares seminales. C.S, 
 Sense, the cartilaginous or bony cavities con- 
 taining the organs of sense. C, Suprarenal, 
 the ductless, glandular, body at the apex of 
 each kidney. C, Suprarenal Accessory, an 
 additional capsule attaining the size of a 
 pea and sometimes attached 'to the suprarenal 
 capsule by connective tissue. C, Synovial. 
 See Membrane, Synovial. C. of Tenon, 
 the tunica vaginalis of the eye. 
 
 Capsulitis (kap-su-li'-tis) [capsule; tree;, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the capsule of 
 the lens or of the fibrous capsule of the 
 eyeball. 
 
 Capsulolenticular {kap-su-lo-len-tik' -u-lar) 
 [capsule; lenticula, a lentil]. Relating to the 
 lens and to its capsule. 
 
 Capsulotome {kap' -su-lo -torn). 1. See Cysto- 
 tome. 2. An instrument used by Buller in 
 capsulotomy to steady the capsule; it consists 
 of two fine needles fixed parallel to each 
 other in a handle. 
 
 Capsulotomy {kap -su- lot'- o - me) [capsule ; 
 xkfiVBCv, to cut]. The operation of rupturing 
 the capsule of the crystalline lens in cata- 
 ract-operations. 
 
 Captation {kap -ta' -shun) [captare, to desire]. 
 The first or opening stage of the hypnotic 
 trance. 
 
 Captol {kap'-tol). A product of the condensa- 
 tion of tannin and chloral; it is used in 
 1 to 2 % solution as an antiseborrheal agent 
 and lotion for the hair. Syn., Tannochloral. 
 
 Capuron's Cardinal Points. Four fixed 
 points of the pelvic inlet, the two iliopectineal 
 eminences anteriorly, and the two sacroiliac 
 joints posteriorly. 
 
 Caput {kap'-ut) [L.; pi., capita]. The head; 
 also the chief part or beginning of an organ. 
 Syn., Caput nuclei caudati. C. breve, the 
 transversus pedis muscle. C. caecum coli, 
 the cecum. C. caudati, the base of the corpus 
 striatum. C. coli, the head of the colon. 
 C. cordis, the base of the heart. C. cornu 
 posterioris. Same as C. gelatinosum. C. 
 gallinaginis. See Verumontanum. C. gelat- 
 inosum, the name given to the translucent 
 gray matter covering the dorsomesal periph- 
 ery of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. 
 It is a peculiar, striated substance composed 
 of numerous closely crowded cellular ele- 
 ments, in part connective-tissue cells, in part 
 nerve-cells. C. medullae, C. medullas ob- 
 longatae, Bartholin's name for the cerebrum 
 as distinguished from the oblongata. Capita 
 medullas oblongata^, the thalami. C, me- 
 dusae, the peculiar plexus of veins surround- 
 
CARAMEL 
 
 241" 
 
 CARBON 
 
 
 ing the umbilicus in periportal cirrhosis of 
 the liver. It represents collateral paths for 
 the return of the venous blood from the 
 abdominal viscera. C. obstipum. Synonym 
 of Wry-neck. C. quadratum, the rectangular 
 head of rickets, flattened upon the top and 
 at the sides, with projecting occiput and 
 prominent frontal bosses. C. succedaneum, 
 a tumor composed of a serosanguineous in- 
 filtration of the connective tissue situated 
 upon the presenting part of the fetus. C. 
 tali, the head of the astragalus. C. testis, 
 the epididymis. C. transversum. The same 
 as C. breve. 
 
 Caramel, (kar' '-am-el) [Fr., " burnt sugar"]. 
 Cane-sugar deprived of two molecules of 
 water. It is a viscid, brown-colored liquid. 
 
 Carapa {kar'-ap-ah) [caraipi, the Guiana 
 name]. A genus of tropical meliaceous 
 trees. C. guianensis has an antispasmodic 
 and febrifuge bark, and its seeds afford 
 carap-oil, a protective against insects and 
 vermin. C. moluccensis is an East Indian 
 tree; the bitter bark is used in diarrhea and 
 the seeds in colic. The fruit and bark of C. 
 procera, of the tropics of Asia and Africa, are 
 antiperiodic; the oil from the seeds is anthel- 
 mintic and expectorant. 
 
 Carapin (kar'-ap-in). An alkaloid from the 
 bark of Carapa guianensis. 
 
 Caraway (kar'-ah-wd). See Carum. 
 
 Carbamate (kar'-bam-dt). A salt of carbamic 
 acid. 
 
 Carbamic (kar-bam'-ik). Obtained from car- 
 bamid. C.Acid. See Acid, Carbamic. 
 
 Carbamid (kar' -bam-id) [carbo, a coal; amid], 
 CH 4 N 2 0. Urea. 
 
 Carbamin (kar -bam' -in). See Acetonitril. 
 
 Carbazotic Acid (kar-baz-ol'-ik). See Acid, 
 Picric. 
 
 Carbid (kar' -bid). A compound formed by the 
 direct union of carbon with some radicle 
 or element. 
 
 Carbimids (kar'-bim-idz). Bodies isomeric 
 with cyanates, but distinguished from true 
 cyanates in that alkalis decompose them into 
 carbon dioxid and amin. Syn., Carbonyl- 
 amins. 
 
 Carbinol (kar'-bin-ol) [carbo]. Methyl-alcohol, 
 CH3OH. Also a generic term for the 
 alcohols formed by substituting hydrocar- 
 bon radicles for the hydrogen in the methyl 
 radicle of carbinol. 
 
 Carbo (kar' -bo) [L.]. A coal; charcoal. C. 
 animalis (U. S. P.), animal charcoal; bone- 
 black; it is used in pharmacy and in manu- 
 facturing chemistry largely as a decolorizing 
 agent and as a filter. C. animalis puri- 
 ficatum (U. S. P.), purified animal charcoal. 
 Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). C. ligni 
 (U. S. P.), wood-charcoal; an absorbent, dis- 
 infectant, and deodorizer, used in poulticing 
 wounds and dressing ulcers. It is used inter- 
 nally in gastrointestinal irritation. 
 
 Carboformal (kar-bo-form' -at) . A combination 
 of carbon and paraformaldehyd in the form 
 of blocks (Gluh blocks) for purposes of 
 i7 
 
 disinfection, the formaldehyd being liberated 
 by the burning of the carbon. 
 
 Carbohemia (kar -bo-he' -me-ah) [carbo; al/xa, 
 blood]. Imperfect oxidation of the blood. 
 
 Carbohydrate (kar -bo-hi' -drat) [carbo; odcop, 
 water]. An organic substance containing 6 
 carbon atoms or some multiple of 6, and 
 hydrogen and oxygen in the proportion in 
 which they form water; that is, twice as many 
 hydrogen as oxygen atoms. The carbohy- 
 drates form a large class of organic com- 
 pounds, and may be arranged into three 
 groups: the glucoses (monoses); the disac- 
 charids, or sugars; and the polysaccharids. 
 The glucoses are the aldehyd derivatives or 
 ketone derivatives of the hexahydric alcohols, 
 into which they may be converted by the 
 absorption of two hydrogen atoms. They are 
 mostly crystalline substances, very soluble in 
 water, but dissolving with difficulty in alcohol. 
 They possess a sweet taste. The disaccharids 
 and polysaccharids are ethereal anhydrids of 
 the glucoses. They may all be converted 
 into the glucoses by hydrolytic decomposition. 
 The disaccharids are ether-like anhydrids of 
 the hexoses. 
 
 Carbohydric (kar -bo-hi' -drik). Containing car- 
 bon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 
 
 Carbolate (kar'-bol-dt). 1. A salt of phenol. 
 2. To impregnate with phenol. 
 
 Carbolfuchsin (kar-bol-jook'-sin) [carbo; fuch- 
 sin]. A staining fluid consisting of go parts 
 of a 5 % aqueous solution of phenol and 1 part 
 of fuchsin dissolved in 10 parts of alcohol. 
 
 Carbolic (kar-bol'-ik) [carbo; oleum, oil]. Con- 
 taining or derived from coal-tar oil. C. Acid. 
 See Acid, Carbolic, and Phenol. 
 
 Carbolism (kar'-bol-izm) [see Carbolic]. Phe- 
 nol poisoning; a diseased state induced by 
 the misuse or maladministration of phenol. 
 C, Cutaneous, dry gangrene due to the action 
 of liquid phenol or to prolonged application 
 of a solution of it upon the skin. 
 
 Carbolize (kar'-bol-iz) [see Carbolic], To im- 
 pregnate with phenol. 
 
 Carbolmarasmus (kar-bol-mar-az'-mus) [car- 
 bolic; fjto.paop.de, decay]. Chronic carbolism: a 
 condition marked by vomiting, vertigo, head- 
 ache, salivation, nephritis, and general ma- 
 rasmus. 
 
 Carbolxylene (kar-bol-zi'-lcn). A clearing 
 mixture composed of phenol, 1 part, and 
 xylene, 3 parts; used for clearing micro- 
 scopic sections which are to be mounted 
 in Canada balsam or other resinous medium. 
 
 Carbon (kar'-bon) [carbo]. Charcoal. C = 12; 
 quantivalence II, IV. A nonmetallic element 
 occurring in the various forms of diamond 
 graphite or "black lead," charcoal, and lamp- 
 black. It is the central or characteristic 
 element of organic compounds. C. Di- 
 oxid, the acid, gaseous product, having 
 the composition of C0 2 , commonly known 
 as "carbonic -acid gas" or carbonic acid. 
 It is a colorless gas, having a sp. gr. of 1.52, 
 soluble in cold water, and possessing a pun- 
 gent smell and an acid taste. Inhaled, it 
 
CARBONATE 
 
 242 
 
 CARCINOMA 
 
 destroys animal life by asphyxiation. C. 
 Disulfid {carbonei disulphidum, U. S. P.), 
 carbon bisulfid, CS 2 , a colorless, trans- 
 parent liquid, of offensive odor, highly 
 inflammable, very poisonous. It is used as 
 a solvent for caoutchouc and as a reagent. 
 C. Monoxid, CO, carbonic oxid, a colorless, 
 tasteless, and inodorous gas, one of the 
 products of imperfect combustion. It is 
 actively poisonous. C. Nitrid, CN, cyanogen. 
 C. Oxid, CO, a colorless, inodorous gas, 
 having neither acid nor alkaline properties, 
 and very poisonous. The pale lavender flame 
 seen over a coal fire burning without smoke 
 is due to its combustion. Chemically it is 
 produced by passing carbonic acid over 
 red-hot pieces of charcoal contained in a tube 
 of iron and porcelain, and by several other 
 processes. C. Oxysulfid, a body, COS, 
 formed by conducting sulfur- vapor and carbon 
 monoxid through red-hot tubes; it is a color- 
 less gas, with a faint and peculiar odor. It 
 unites readily with air, forming an explosive 
 mixture, and is soluble in an equal volume of 
 water. It is present in the waters of 
 some mineral springs. C. Tetrachlorid, 
 CC1 4 , anesthetic, used in asthma by inha- 
 lation. 
 
 Carbonate [carbon]. A salt of carbon di- 
 oxid. C, Acid, a substitution-compound 
 of carbonic acid in which there is replace- 
 ment of but one of its hydrogen atoms with 
 a base. C, Basic, a compound of a carbonate 
 with the oxid of the same base. C, Hydric. 
 See C, Acid. C, Hydrogen, i. Carbon 
 dioxid. 2. Acid carbonate. C, Neutral, C, 
 Normal, a substitution-compound of car- 
 bonic acid in which a base replaces all its 
 hydrogen. 
 
 Carbonated (kar'-bo-na-ted). i. Containing 
 carbonic acid. 2. Changed into a carbonate. 
 
 Carbone (kar'-bon). A carbuncle. 
 
 Carbonemia {Jzar-bon-e' -me-ah) [carbo; alp.a, 
 blood]. An accumulation of carbon dioxid 
 in the blood. 
 
 Carboneum (kar-bon'-e-um). Carbon. 
 
 Carbonic {kar-bon'-ik). Relating to, obtained 
 from, or containing carbon. C. Acid. See 
 Carbon Dioxid. C. Anhydrid, carbon dioxid. 
 C. Snow, carbon dioxid in crystal form. 
 
 Carbonid (kar f -bon-id). 1. See Carbid. 2. A 
 mineral which contains carbon. 3. An oxa- 
 late freed from its hydrogen by heat. 
 
 Carbonite (kar'-bon-it). An oxalate. 
 
 Carbonization (kar -bon-iz-a' -shun) [carbon]. 
 The process of decomposing organic sub- 
 stances by heat without air, until the volatile 
 products are driven off and the carbon re- 
 mains. 
 
 Carbonometer (kar - bon - om'- et - er) [carbon; 
 fikxpov, a measure]. An apparatus for in- 
 dicating the degree to which the air of a 
 room is vitiated by carbon dioxid. 
 
 Carbonometry (kar-bon-om'-et-re). The de- 
 termination of the amount of carbon dioxid 
 exhaled in the breath. 
 
 Carbonous (kar'-bon-us). Containing carbon. 
 
 Carbonyl (kar' -bon-il) [carbon]. A hypothetic 
 organic radicle having the formula OO. 
 
 Carbonylamins (kar -bon-il' -am-ins). See Car- 
 bimids. 
 
 Carbosapol (kar-bo-sa'-pol) [carbo; sapo, 
 soap]. A clear disinfectant solution obtained 
 by warming together phenol, 50 parts; yellow 
 soda-soap, 25 parts; and soft potash-soap, 25 
 parts. 
 
 Carbosulfid, Carbosulfuret (kar-bo-sul f -fid, 
 -jur-et). A compound of carbon and sulfur 
 with a radicle. 
 
 Carbothialdin (kar-bo-thi-aV -din), C 6 H 10 N 2 S 2 . 
 White crystals obtained on evaporating carbon 
 sulfid with an alcoholic solution of aldehyd 
 ammonia. It is soluble in acids. 
 
 Carbovinate (kar-bo-vin'-dt). An ethyl car- 
 bonate. 
 
 Carboxyhemoglobin (kar- boks -e- hem - o -glo'- 
 bin) [carboxyl; hemoglobin]. The compound 
 of carbon monoxid and hemoglobin formed 
 when CO is present in the blood. The carbon 
 monoxid displaces the oxygen and checks the 
 respiratory function of the red corpuscles. 
 
 Carboxyl (kar-boks'-il) [carbo; o^uc, sharp]. 1. 
 The group, CO . OH, characteristic of the 
 organic acids. The hydrogen of this can be 
 replaced by metals, forming salts. 2. Same as 
 Carbonyl. 
 
 Carboy (kar'-boi) [Turk., karaboya]. A large 
 bottle protected by wickerwork and a wooden 
 box, used in the transportation of corrosive 
 and other liquids. 
 
 Carbuncle (kar' -bung-kl) [carbo]. A hard, cir- 
 cumscribed, deep-seated, painful suppurative 
 inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue. It 
 differs from a boil in being of greater size, 
 having a flat top, and several points of sup- 
 puration. It is erroneously called anthrax. 
 
 Carcassonne's Ligament. See Colles' Fascia. 
 
 Carceag. A disease of sheep described by 
 Babes in Rumania; it is probably a form of 
 trypanosomiasis. 
 
 Carcinelcosis (kar-sin-el-ko' '-sis) [napa'cvo^, a 
 crab; 'iXncoocc, ulceration]. A cancerous 
 ulcer. C. fungosa. See Cancer verrucosus. 
 
 Carcinoma (kar-sin-o'-mah) [KapKcvu>p.a; 
 Kapucvoc, a crab; '6[xa, tumor]. Cancer. A malig- 
 nant epithelial tumor composed of a connec- 
 . tive-tissue stroma surrounding groups or nests 
 of epithelial cells. Three varieties are generally 
 described — the squamous, the cylindric, and 
 the glandular. See Boas' Sign; de Morgan's 
 Spots; Semon's Symptom; Spiegelberg's Sign. 
 C, Acinous. See Cancer, Acinous. C., 
 Adenoid, C. adenodes, C. adenoides. See 
 Cancer, Adenoid. C. asbolicum. See C, 
 Chimney-sweep's. C, Chimney-sweep's, 
 epithelioma of the scrotum, occurring among 
 chimney-sweepers, and supposed to be 
 caused by the irritant action of soot. Syn., 
 Soot cancer. C, Colloid, one in which 
 the delicate connective-tissue stroma is 
 filled with colloid matter, the result of a 
 colloid degeneration of the epithelial cells. 
 In some cases the degeneration is mucoid 
 instead of colloid. It affects chiefly the ali- 
 
CARCINOMATOSIS 
 
 243 
 
 CARDIELCOSIS 
 
 mentary canal, uterus, etc. C, Cylin- 
 dric, one in which the cells tend to assume 
 a cylindric or columnar shape. This shape 
 is best seen in the cells nearest the periphery 
 of the nests. C, Encephaloid, one of rapid 
 growth, with a small amount of stroma, 
 large alveoli, and greater amount of cells 
 and blood-vessels. C, Fibrosomedullary, 
 one containing about an equal portion of 
 cells and stroma. C. fibrosum, C, Fibrous. 
 See C.j Scirrhous. C, Glandular, a car- 
 cinoma in which the cells are of the glandular 
 or secreting type. C, Hyaline. See C, 
 Colloid. C. nigrum. See Melanocarcinoma. 
 C. psammosum, one in which stratified 
 calcareous concretions differing from those 
 found in psammomas have replaced the 
 epithelial elements. C, Reticulated, one 
 which has undergone fatty metamorphosis 
 and exhibits its stroma more distinctly. C. 
 sarcomatodes, C, Sarcomatous, an adeno- 
 carcinoma which has undergone sarcomatous 
 degeneration of the connective tissue. C, 
 Scirrhous, a form which occurs most com- 
 monly in the breast; it has a stout, fibril- 
 lated stroma, closely packed with large nu- 
 cleated cells. Syn., Hard carcinoma. C. 
 scroti, C. scroti asbolicum. See C, Chim- 
 ney-sweep's. C, Squamous, one derived from 
 squamous epithelium; the cells are cuboid in 
 shape. C, Villous. See Papilloma. 
 
 Carcinomatosis {kar-sin-o-mat-o'-sis). The 
 pathologic condition giving rise to carcinomas. 
 
 Carcinomatous {kar-sin-o' -mat-us) [carcin- 
 oma]. Relating to or affected with carcin- 
 oma. 
 
 Carcinomelcosis {kar-sin-om-el-ko'-sis). See 
 Carcinelcosis. 
 
 Carcinomium {kar-sin-o' -me-um). Cancerous 
 pus. 
 
 Carcinopolypus {kar-sin-o-pol'-e-pus). A can- 
 cerous polyp. 
 
 Carcinosis {kar-sin-o' -sis) [carcinoma]. i. A 
 carcinomatous cachexia; a tendency to the 
 development of malignant disease. 2. A 
 form of carcinoma, usually fatal, beginning 
 generally in the uterus or the stomach and 
 spreading to the peritoneum. C, Acute, 
 rapidly fatal carcinosis. C, Miliary, one 
 in which there are many secondary nodules 
 the size of miliary tubercles. C, Miliary, 
 Acute, the rapid formation of minute can- 
 cerous nodules, either primary or secondary, 
 .within an internal organ or upon its surface. 
 
 Carcinous {kar'-sin-us). Cancerous. 
 
 Cardamom, Cardamomum (kr'-^w-om, kar- 
 dam-o' '-mum)[L..]. The fruit of Elettaria car- 
 damomum, cultivated in Malabar. Its proper- 
 ties are due to a volatile oil, C 10 H 16 . It is an 
 aromatic, carminative stomachic, used as an 
 ingredient of several "bitters." When com- 
 bined with purgatives it is useful to prevent 
 griping. C, Infusion of. Dose 2 oz. (64 
 Cc). C, Tincture of {tinctura cardamomi, 
 U. S. P.), 20% strength. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 
 Cc). C., Tincture of, Compound {tinctura 
 cardamomi composita, U. S. P.), cardamom, 
 
 Cardiac Cycle. 
 The inner circle shows the 
 events that occur in the 
 heart; the outer circle shows 
 the relations of the sounds 
 and silences to the events. 
 
 20; cinnamon, 20; caraway, 10; cochineal, 
 5; glycerol, 60; dilute alcohol, q. s. ad 
 1000 parts. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Cardarelli's Symptom. See Oliver's Symp- 
 tom. 
 
 Cardia {kar'-de-ah). The heart. C. of the 
 Stomach, the esophageal orifice of the stom- 
 ach. 
 
 Cardiac {kar'-de-ak) [cardia]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to the heart or to the cardia of the 
 stomach. 2. A drug acting especially on the 
 heart. C. Cycle, the period included be- 
 tween the beginning of one heart-beat and 
 the beginning of another. C. Dropsy, a drop- 
 sical effusion due to heart disease with loss of 
 compensation. C. 
 Ganglions, gan- 
 glions lying in the 
 grooves and sub- 
 stance of the heart 
 — t h e principal 
 ones are Remak's 
 and Bidder's, the 
 first on the sur- 
 face of the sinus 
 venosus, and the 
 latter (2) at the 
 auriculo ventricu- 
 lar groove. C. 
 Impulse, the ele- 
 vation caused by 
 the movement of 
 the heart, usually 
 seen in the fifth left intercostal space. C. 
 Murmur. See Murmur, Cardiac. C. Orifice 
 (of the stomach), the esophageal orifice. C. 
 Passion. See Cardialgia. C. Plexus. See 
 Plexus, Cardiac. C. Rhythm, the term given 
 to the normal regularity in the force and 
 volume of the individual heart-beats. 
 
 Cardialgia {kar-de-al'-je-ah) [cardia; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the region of the heart, 
 usually due to gaseous distention of the 
 stomach; heartburn. Syn., Morbus cardia- 
 cus; Morsus stomachi; Morsus ventriculi. 
 C. icterica, heartburn with jaundice. C. 
 inflammatoria, gastritis. C. sputatoria, 
 pyrosis. 
 
 Cardianesthesia {kar -de -an-es - the' - ze - ah) 
 [cardia; dvacodrja'ca, want of feeling]. A 
 condition of the heart marked by lack of 
 sensation. 
 
 Cardianeurysma {kar-de-an-u-riz'-mah) [cardia; 
 dveupuo/xa, a widening]. Aneurysm of the 
 heart. 
 
 Cardiant {kar' -de -ant) [cardia]. 1. Affecting the 
 heart. 2. A remedy that affects the heart. 
 
 Cardiaortic {kar-de-ah-or'-tik). Relating to 
 the heart and the aorta. 
 
 Cardiaplegia {kar-de-ah-ple'-je-ah). See Cardio- 
 plegia. 
 
 Cardiasthenia {kar-de-as-the' -ne-ah) [cardia; 
 dodiveca, weakness]. A peculiar weakness 
 of the heart due to neurasthenic condi- 
 tions. 
 
 Cardielcosis {kar -de-el -ko' -sis) [cardia; ZXkojo'.c, 
 ulceration]. Ulceration of the heart, 
 
CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS 
 
 244 
 
 CARDIOTROPHE 
 
 Cardiethmoliposis (kar-de-eth -mo-lip -o' -sis) 
 [cardia; Tjfyioc, a sieve; X'cnoc, fat]. A deposit 
 of fat in the connective tissue of the heart. 
 
 Cardinal (kar' -din-al) [cardo, a hinge]. Im- 
 portant; preeminent. C. -flower, a common 
 name for several species of Lobelia, chiefly 
 Lobelia cardinalis. C. Points of Capuron. 
 See Capuron' s Cardinal Points. C. Veins, 
 the venous trunks which, in the embryonic 
 stage, form the primitive jugular veins. 
 
 Cardine (kar' -den). A fluid preparation of 
 sheep-hearts digested in glycerol and boric 
 acid, used subcutaneously as a heart- 
 tonic and diuretic. Dose 50 min.-i^ dr. 
 (3-5 Cc). 
 
 Cardio- (kar-de-o-) [cardia]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to the heart. 
 
 Cardioaccelerator (kar-de -o-ak-sel' -er-a- tor). 
 Hastening the action of the heart. C. Center. 
 See Center, Cardioaccelerator . 
 
 Cardioarterial {kar-de-o-ar-te f -re-al). Pertain- 
 ing to the heart and the arteries. 
 
 Cardiocele (kar' -de -o -set) [cardio-; ktjXt), hernia]. 
 Hernia of the heart. C. abdominalis, hernial 
 protrusion of the heart into the abdomen. 
 
 Cardiocentesis (kar-de-o-sen-te'-sis) [cardio-; 
 nkvT'qotc', puncture]. Puncture of one of the 
 chambers of the heart to relieve engorgement. 
 
 Cardiodynia (kar-de-o-din'-e-ah) [cardio-; 
 oduvr), pain]. Pain in or about the heart. 
 
 Cardiodysesthesia, Cardiodysesthesis (kar- 
 de-o-dis-es-the' -ze-ah, -sis) [cardia; dug, bad; 
 a'coOyocg, perception]. Defective innervation 
 of the heart. 
 
 Cardiodysneuria (kar-de-o-dis-nu'-re-ah). See 
 Cardiodysesthesia. 
 
 Cardiogram (kar' -de-o -gram) [cardio-; ypa/x/ia, 
 a writing]. The tracing of the cardiac im- 
 pulse made by the cardiograph. 
 
 Cardiograph (kar'-de-o-graf) [cardia; ypafetv, 
 to write]. An instrument for registering 
 graphically the modifications of the pulsa- 
 tions of the heart. 
 
 Cardiographer (kar-de-og'-ra-fer) [see Cardio- 
 graph]. An authority upon diseases of the 
 heart. 
 
 Cardioid (kar'-de-oid) [cardio-; eldog, likeness]. 
 Like a heart. 
 
 Cardioinhibitory (kar-de-o-in-hib' -it-o-re) [car- 
 dio-; inhibere, to restrain]. Inhibiting or 
 diminishing the heart's action. The cardio- 
 inhibitory fibers pass to the heart through the 
 pneumogastric nerves. 
 
 -Cardiokinetic (kar-de-o-kin-et'-ik) [cardio-; 
 tctveev, to move]. 1. Exciting the heart- 
 action. 2. An agent which excites the action 
 of the heart. 
 
 Cardiology (kar-de-ol'-o-je) [cardio-; Xoyog, 
 discourse]. The anatomy, physiology, and 
 pathology of the heart. 
 
 CaTdiomala.cia.(kar-de-o-mal-a'-she-ah)[cardio-; 
 H<iXaKca, softness]. Softening of the heart. 
 
 Cardiomelanosis (kar-de-o-mel-an-o'-sis) [car- 
 dio-; melanosis]. Melanosis of the heart. 
 
 Cardiomyoliposis (kar-de-o-mi-o-lip-o'-sis) 
 [cardio-; jiug, muscle; Xlnoc, fat]. Fatty de- 
 generation of the heart-muscle- 
 
 Cardiomyomalacia (kar-de-o-mi-o-mal-a'-she- 
 ah). See Cardiomalacia. 
 
 Cardioncus (kar-de-ong'-kus) [cardio-; oynog, 
 a tumor]. An aneurysm in the heart or one 
 in the aorta close to the heart. 
 
 Cardionecrosis (kar-de-o-nek-ro'-sis) [cardio-; 
 veupwocg, a killing]. Gangrene affecting the 
 heart. 
 
 Cardionosos, Cardionosus (kar-de-on-o r -sos, 
 -sus) [cardio-; voooc, disease]. Any patho- 
 logic affection of the heart. 
 
 Cardioparaplasis, Cardioparaplasmus (kar- 
 de-o-par-a-pla' -sis, -plaz' -mus) [cardio-; napa- 
 TiXa^itv, to wander from the right way]. 
 Cardiac malformation. 
 
 Cardiopathy {kar -de-op 1 '-a-the) [cardio-; ubBoc, 
 disease]. Any disease of the heart. 
 
 Cardioperi carditis (kar-de-o-per-e-kar-di'-tis) 
 [cardio-; pericardium; ex eg, inflammation]. 
 Associated carditis and pericarditis; inflamma- 
 tion of the heart tissues and of the pericardium. 
 
 Cardiophtharsis (kar -de-o }-thar' -sis) [cardio-; 
 (f)de!p£(v, to corrupt]. Any affection of the 
 heart causing destruction of its substance. 
 
 Cardioplegia (kar-de-o-ple' -je-ah) [cardio-; 
 TzXrjyfj, a stroke]. Paralysis of the heart. 
 
 Cardiopneumatic {kar-de-o-nu-mat f -ik) [car- 
 dio-; nveu/j.a, breath]. Pertaining to the 
 heart and respiration. C. Movements, 
 those movements of the air in the lungs that 
 are caused by the pulsations of the heart 
 and larger vessels. 
 
 Cardiopneumograph (kar-de-o-nu 1 '-mo-graf) 
 [cardio-; nveu/jta, breath; Ypafecv, to write]. 
 An instrument designed for graphically re- 
 cording cardiopneumatic movements. 
 
 Cardioptosis (kar-de-o-to'-sis) [cardio-; nzwacg, 
 falling]. Prolapse of the heart. Syn., Rum- 
 mo' 1 s disease. 
 
 Cardiopulmonary (kar-de-o-pul'-mon-a-re). 
 Relating to the heart and lungs; cardio- 
 pulmonic. 
 
 Cardiopuncture (kar-de-o-punk'-chur) [car- 
 dio-; punctura, a puncture], Cardiocentesis, 
 especially on lower animals. 
 
 Cardiorrheuma {kar-de-or-u'-mah) [cardio-; 
 rheumatism]. Rheumatism of the heart. 
 
 Cardiorrhexis (kar -de -or -eks' -is) [cardio-; pfj&c, 
 a tearing]. Rupture of the heart. 
 
 Cardiospasm (kar' ' -de-o-spazm) [cardio-; anao- 
 fioc, a drawing]. A spasm of the heart. 
 
 Cardiospermum (kar -de -o-s per' -mum) [cardio-; 
 aTtkpfia, seed]. A genus of plants of the 
 order Sapindacece. C. halicacabum is «. 
 climbing tropical annual; the leaves and 
 mucilaginous root are diuretic and diaphor- 
 etic. 
 
 Cardiosphygmograph (kar-de-o-sfig f -mo-graf) . 
 See Cardiograph. 
 
 Cardiotomy (kar-de-of -o-me) [cardio-; roptrj, cut- 
 ting]. The anatomy or dissection of the heart. 
 
 Cardiotromus (kar-de-of '-ro-mus) [cardio-; tre- 
 mere, to tremble]. Fluttering of the heart. 
 
 Cardiotrophe, Cardiotrophia (kar-de-of '-ro-fe, 
 kar-de-ot-ro'-fe-ah) [cardio-; rpofirj, nourish- 
 ment]. 1. Heart-nutrition. 2. The volume 
 of the heart. 
 
CARDIOVASCULAR 
 
 245 
 
 CARNIFERRIN 
 
 Cardiovascular (kar-de-o-vas' '-ku-lar) [cardio-; 
 vasculum, a small vessel]. Pertaining to the 
 heart and the blood-vessels. 
 
 Cardipericarditis (kar-de-per-e-kar-di'-tis). See 
 Cardio pericarditis . 
 
 Carditis (kar-di'-tis) [cardia; tree;, inflammation]. 
 Inflammaton of the heart. C, Internal. 
 Synonym of Endocarditis. 
 
 Cardivalvulitis {kar -de-val-vu-W -tis) . Endo- 
 carditis confined to the valves. 
 
 Cardiypertrophy, Cardiypertrophia (kar-de-i- 
 per'-tro-fe, kar-de-i-per-tro' -fe-ah) [cardia; 
 hypertrophy]. Hypertrophy of the heart. 
 
 Cardol (kar'-dol). See Anacardium. 
 
 Carduus (kar'^du-us) [L., "a thistle"]. The 
 seeds of C. marianus, St. Mary's-thistle, and 
 C. benedictus, blessed thistle. A decoction 
 of the former, 2 oz. to 1 pint, constitutes an 
 old and popular remedy for hemoptysis. 
 The latter is also a popular cure-all, used 
 mainly as a tonic bitter. Dose of decoction 
 1 dr.-^ oz. (4-16 Cc); of tincture 10-20 
 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). 
 
 Cargile-membrane [Cargile, the inventor]. 
 An animal membrane resembling gold- 
 beaters' foil, made from the peritoneum of 
 the ox and used in surgery for packing and 
 to prevent adhesions; when applied to the 
 raw surface of the bowel it adheres without 
 supporting stitches and forms an artificial 
 peritoneum. Syn., Animal velum. 
 
 Cariated (ka'-re-a-ted). Carious. 
 
 Carica {kar'-ik-ah) [carica, a dry fig, so called 
 from Carta in Asia Minor]. A genus of 
 plants of the order Papayacece. C. papaya, 
 the papaw-tree of tropical America, con- 
 tains in its leaves and fruit the alkaloid 
 carpain, besides the ferment papain or 
 papayotin; the leaves also contain the glu- 
 cosid carposid. The milky juice and the seeds 
 are anthelmintic. C. -cocoa, a preparation 
 of cocoa containing papain. 
 
 Caricin {kar'-is-in). See Papain. 
 
 Caries {ka'-re-cz) [L., "rottenness"]. A 
 molecular death of bone, corresponding to 
 ulceration in the soft tissues. See Sign, 
 Rust's. C. articulorum. See C. fungosa. 
 C, Atonic, a form described by Billroth, 
 attended with but little swelling and a thin, 
 fetid discharge. C. callosa, syphilitic 
 chancre. C. carnosa, fungous caries, 
 marked by large granulation-masses. C. 
 centralis, circumscribed chronic osteomye- 
 litis, which, working from within, causes 
 disease of the cortical substances. Syn., 
 Osteitis interna. C. dentis, C. dentium. 
 See C 0} Teeth. C. fungosa, tuberculosis of 
 a bone with attached sequestrum, the meshes 
 of the latter being filled with granulations grow- 
 ing into them from the inner surface of the 
 cavity. C. gallica, syphilitic chancre. C. 
 granulosa. See C. fungosa. C. interna. 
 See C. centralis. C, Lacunar, . a form in 
 which the undermined bone is full of lacu- 
 nas. C. mollis. See C. fungosa. C, Necro- 
 tic, a form in which portions of the 
 bone lie in a suppurating cavity. C. nongal- 
 
 lica, simple chancre. C. profunda. See C. 
 
 centralis. C. sicca, a form of tuberculous 
 caries characterized by absence of suppuration, 
 obliteration of the cavity of the joint, and scler- 
 osis and concentric atrophy of the articular ex- 
 tremity of the bone. C. of Spine, tuberculous 
 osteitis of the bodies of the vertebras and inter- 
 vertebral fibrocartilage, producing curvature 
 of the spine. Syn., Potfs disease. C. of 
 Teeth, a chemic decomposition of the earthy 
 part or any portion of a tooth, accompanied 
 by partial or complete disorganization of 
 the animal framework of the affected part. 
 Syn., Odontonccrosis. 
 
 Carina {kar-i'-nah) [L., "the keel"]. 1. Any 
 keel-like structure. 2. A mesial ridge on 
 the lower surface of the fornix cerebri. 3. 
 The spinal column. C. aquaeductus sylvii, 
 the carinate inferior margin of the sylvian 
 aqueduct. C. vaginae, the anterior column 
 of the vagina. 
 
 Carinate (har'-in-ai) [carina]. Keeled. 
 
 Cariosity {kar-e-os'-it-e). See Caries. 
 
 Carious (ka'-re-us) [caries]. 1. Pertaining to 
 or affected with caries. 2. Marked by irreg- 
 ular pits or perforations so as to present the 
 appearance of carious bone. 
 
 Carissa (kar-is'-ah) [L.]. A genus of shrubs. 
 See Ouabain. 
 
 Carissin {kar-is'-in). According to Bancroft, 
 a glucosid from the bark of Carissa ovata, 
 resembling ouabain in action. 
 
 Carmalum, Mayer's. A stain consisting of 
 carminic acid, 1; alum, 10; water, 200 parts. 
 It is well adapted for sections cut on the 
 freezing microtome. 
 
 Carmin (kar'-min), C 17 H ls O 10 . A coloring- 
 matter extracted from cochineal. 
 
 Carminative (kar-min'-at-iv) [carminare, to 
 card; hence, to cleanse]. Having the power 
 to cure flatulence and colic. Carminatives 
 are generally aromatics. 
 
 Carnal {Jkar'-naT) [camalis, fleshly]. Per- 
 taining to flesh. C. Knowledge, sexual 
 intercourse. 
 
 Carnallite (kar r -nal-it) [v. Carnall, a Prussian 
 mineralogist (1804-1874)]. Potassium-mag- 
 nesium chlorid. 
 
 Carnation (kar-na' -shun) [carnatio]. The 
 natural color of flesh. 
 
 Coxnaxiha. {kar-na-oo'-bah)[Bxaz.]. 1. The root 
 of Copernicia cerifera, a wax-producing palm- 
 tree of tropical America. It is used in 
 Brazil as an alterative and resembles sarsa- 
 parilla in its properties. Dose of the fluid- 
 extract 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 2. See C. 
 Wax. C. Wax, the wax obtained from Co- 
 per nicia cerifera. 
 
 Carneoaponeurotic (kar-ne-o-ap-on-u-rot'-ik) . 
 Fleshy and pertaining to an aponeurosis. 
 
 Carneopapillosus (kar-ne-o-pap-il-o'-sus). 
 Composed of fleshy papillas, as the columns 
 of the vagina. 
 
 Carneotendinous {kar-ne-o-ten'-din-us). Both 
 muscular and tendinous. 
 
 Carniferrin (kar-ne-fer'-in). A tasteless meat 
 preparation containing phosphocarnic acid 
 
CARNIFERROL 
 
 246 
 
 CARSWELL'S GRAPES 
 
 and 30% of iron. Dose for adults 8 gr. 
 (0.52 Gm.). Syn., Iron phosphosarcolactate. 
 
 Carniferrol (kar-nif'-er-ol). A preparation of 
 meat-peptone with iron; it is used as a stimu- 
 lant dietetic. Syn., Liquor carnis ferropepton- 
 atus. 
 
 Carnification {kar-nif-ik-a' -shun) [carno, flesh; 
 jacere, to make]. A term indicating the 
 alteration of tissue, especially the lung, to 
 a dense, fleshy appearance. C. of Bone. 
 See Osteosarcosis. C. of the Lung, Con- 
 gestive, brown induration of the lung. C. 
 of the Lungs, C, Pulmonary. 1. The 
 change of the parenchyma of the lungs 
 into a red material resembling muscle. 2. 
 A consolidation of the lung from action of 
 inflammation. 
 
 Carniformis ikar-ne-jorm'-is) [see Carnification] 
 Having a flesh-like appearance, e. g., abscessus 
 carniformis. 
 
 Carnigen (kar'-ne-jen). A dietetic albumose. 
 
 Carnin (Jzar'-nin) [carno], C 7 H 8 N 4 3 . A leuko- 
 main isolated from American meat-extract, 
 but not from muscle tissue itself; also obtained 
 from yeast and wine. 
 
 Carnivorous (kar-niv'-o-rus) {carno; vorare, to 
 devour]. Flesh -eating. 
 
 Carnogen (kar'-no-jen) [carno; generare, to pro- 
 duce]. Glycerite of bone-marrow, contain- 
 ing 60 % of red marrow and 25 % of 
 unaltered fibrin of ox-blood, with albumin, 
 suspended in glycerol. It is a hematinic 
 and used chiefly in pernicious anemia. Dose 
 1-2 tablespoonfuls 3 times daily. 
 
 Carnolin (kar'-nol-in). A solution of 1.5% 
 of formaldehyd; it is a food -preservative 
 and disinfectant. 
 
 Carnosin (kar'-no-siri), C 9 H 14 N 4 3 . A base, 
 soluble in water, isolated from Liebig's meat- 
 extract; it melts with decomposition at 239 C. 
 
 Caro (ka'-ro) [L.]. 1. Flesh. 2. Strychnos 
 nux-vomica. C. luxurians, exuberant 
 granulation. 
 
 Caroba (kar-o'-bah) [L.]. The leaflets of 
 Jacaranda procera and of Cybistax anti- 
 syphilitica. It is a popular Brazilian remedy 
 as an emetocathartic, alterative, and tonic 
 in syphilis and in yaws. Dose of the fluid- 
 extract 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 
 
 Caroid {kar'-oid). A digestive ferment ob- 
 tained from Carica papaya; a pale-yellow 
 powder. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Carolinium (kar-o-lin'-e-um). The provisional 
 name given by Baskerville to a supposed 
 new element obtained by the fractionation 
 of thorium oxid. 
 
 Carony Bark (Jiar-o'-ne) [Caroni, a river in 
 Venezuela]. Angustura bark. 
 
 Carotid (kar-ot'-id) [icapostv, to produce sleep]. 
 1. The carotid artery, the principal large 
 artery on each side of the neck. See under 
 Artery. 2. Of or relating to the carotid artery. 
 
 Carotis {kar-ot'-is) [L.]. The carotid artery. 
 C. cephalica, C. cerebralis, the internal 
 carotid artery. C. communis, the common 
 carotid artery. C. externa, C. facialis, 
 the external carotid artery. C. interna, 
 
 the internal carotid artery. C. primitiva, 
 the common carotid artery. 
 
 Ca.rpa.m'(kar-pa'-in), C^NOj. An alkaloid 
 extracted from the leaves of Carica papaya. 
 It is recommended for the subcutaneous 
 treatment of heart disease. Dose ^-f gr. 
 (0.006—0.01 Gm.) subcutaneously, every day 
 or every second day. C. Hydrochlorate, 
 C 14 H 25 N0 2 HC1, bitter white crystals, soluble 
 in water. It is used in mitral insufficiency 
 and aortic stenosis. Dose \-% gr. (0.013- 
 0.022 Gm.) daily. Injection, j^~l gr. (0.0065- 
 0.011 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Carpal {kar'-pal) [mpnoc, the wrist]. Pertain- 
 ing to the wrist. 
 
 Carphologia (kar-fol-o'-je-ah). SeeCarphology. 
 
 Carphology (kar-fol'-o-je) [fcapfof, chaff; 
 Xkyecv, to collect]. The aimless picking at 
 the bedclothes, seen in grave fevers, particu- 
 larly in the socalled typhoid state. 
 
 Carpipes (kar'-pi-pez) [carpus; pes, foot]. C. 
 French's term for a condition of the anterior 
 leg in four-footed animals similar to club-foot. 
 
 Carpo- (kar-po-) [carpus]. A prefix meaning re- 
 lating to the carpus. 
 
 Carpocarpal (kar-po-kar'-pal). Applied to 
 the articulation between the two rows of 
 carpal bones; also to different parts of the 
 carpus in relation to each other. 
 
 Carpocervical {kar-po-ser'-vik-al). Relating 
 to the wrist and the neck. 
 
 Carpometacarpal {kar-po-met-a-kar'-pal) [car- 
 po-; metacarpus]. Relating to the carpus and 
 to the metacarpus. 
 
 Carpoolecranal {kar-po-o-le-kra f -nat) [carpo-; 
 olecranon]. Relating to the wrist and the 
 lower portion of the upper arm. 
 
 Carpopedal (kar-po-pe'-dal) [carpo-; pes, pedis, 
 a foot]. Affecting the wrists and feet, or 
 the fingers and toes. C. Contraction. See 
 Contraction, Carpopedal. C. Spasm, a 
 spasm of the hands and feet, or of the thumbs 
 and great toes, associated with laryngismus 
 stridulus of children. 
 
 Carpophalangeus, Carpophalanginus (kar- 
 po-fal-an'-je-us, kar-po-fal-an-ji f -nus). 1. 
 Relating to the wrist and to a phalanx. 2. 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Carpophilous (kar-pof f -il-us) [napnbc, fruit; 
 (j>cXelv, to love]. Parasitic upon fruit. 
 
 Carposid (kar f -po-sid). A crystalline glucosid 
 from Carica papaya. 
 
 Carpozyma (kar-po-zi'-mah) [Kaprcbc, fruit; 
 Cp\n), ferment]. A genus of microorganisms 
 producing fermentation. 
 
 Carpus {kar'-pus) [L.]. The eight bones collec- 
 tively forming the wrist. 
 
 Carrageen, Carragheen (kar r -ag-en) [Carrag- 
 heen in Ireland]. Irish moss. See Chondrus. 
 
 Carrion's Disease. Verruga peruviana; Pe- 
 ruvian wart. 
 
 Carron Oil (kar f -on). See Oil, Carron. 
 
 Car-sickness. The symptoms of sea-sickness 
 produced by journeying in railway cars. 
 
 Carswell's Grapes. Pulmonary tubercles 
 when they occur in a racemose distribution at 
 the extremities of several adjacent bronchioles. 
 
CARTHAGENA BARK 
 
 247 
 
 CARUNCLE 
 
 Carthagena Bark. Cinchona from Car- 
 thagena. 
 
 Cartilage (Jzar'-iil-aj) [cartilago, gristle]. 
 Gristle; a white, semiopaque, nonvascular 
 connective tissue composed of a matrix con- 
 taining nucleated cells which He in cavities 
 or lacunas of the matrix. When boiled, 
 cartilage yields a substance called chondrin. 
 C, Annular, i. Any ring-shaped cartilage. 
 2. The cricoid cartilage. C, Anonymous, 
 the cricoid cartilage. C, Aortic, the second 
 costal cartilage on the right side. C, Arthro- 
 dic, C, Arthrodial. See C, Articular. 
 C, Articular, that lining the articular sur- 
 faces of bones. C, Asternal, the costal 
 cartilages which are detached from the 
 sternum. C.-bone. i. See Ossein. 2. 
 See C, Calcified. C.s, Brecht's, the ossa 
 suprasternalia, two small cartilaginous or 
 bony nodules near each sternoclavicular 
 joint, above the sternum. They are regarded 
 as the rudiments of the episternal bone that 
 is well developed in some animals. C, 
 Bronchial, plates of cartilage, in some 
 instances very minute, found in the bronchial 
 tubes. C, Calcified, that in which a cal- 
 careous deposit is contained in the matrix. 
 Syn., Cartilage-bone; Crusted cartilage; Prim- 
 ary bone. C, Cellular. See C, Parenchy- 
 matous. C, Ciliary. See C, Palpebral. 
 C, Corniculate. See C. of Santorini. C, 
 Costal, that occupying the interval between 
 the true ribs and the sternum or adjacent 
 cartilages. C.s, Cuneiform. See C.s of 
 Wrisberg. C, Dentinal. See Ossein. C, 
 Diarthrodial. See C, Articidar. C, 
 Embryonal. See C, Parenchymatous. C, 
 Ensiform, the third piece of the sternum. 
 Syn., Xiphoid appendix; Xiphoid cartilage. C.s, 
 Epactal, small cartilaginous nodules on the 
 upper edge of the alar cartilages of the nose. 
 C, Epiphyseal. See C, Intermediary (2). 
 C, Fetal. See C, Temporary. C, Fi- 
 bro-. See Fibrocartilage. C., Float- 
 ing. See Arthrolith. C, Huschke's. See 
 Jacobson's Cartilage. C, Hyaline, is dis- 
 tinguished by a granular or homogeneous 
 matrix. C, Innominate, the cricoid carti- 
 lage. C.s, Interarticular, fiat fibrocartilages 
 situated between the articulating surfaces of 
 some of the joints. Syn., Interarticular fibro- 
 cartilages. C, Interarytenoid, an incon- 
 stant cartilage found between the arytenoid 
 cartilages. C.s, Interhemal, nodules of 
 cartilage which aid in the formation of the 
 hemal arch of a vertebra. C. , Intermediary. 
 1. Cartilage-bone in process of transforma- 
 tion into true bone. 2. That interposed 
 between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a 
 bone. C.s, Interneural, nodules of cartilage 
 which aid in the formation of the neural arch 
 of a vertebra. C.s, Intervertebral. See In- 
 tervertebral Discs. C, Investing. See C, 
 Articular. C, Jacobson's. See Jacobson's 
 Cartilage. C, Luschka's. See Luschka's 
 Cartilage. C, Luschka's Subpharyngeal. 
 See under Luschka. C, Meckel's, the axis 
 
 of the first branchial arch (mandibular arch) 
 of the fetus. It disappears during the fifth 
 or sixth month, with the exception of its 
 posterior (tympanic) portion, which becomes 
 the incus, malleus, and folian process. A 
 vestige of this cartilage (pinnal cartilage) 
 is occasionally found in tumors of the parotid 
 gland. C.s, Morgagni's. See C.s of Wris- 
 berg. C, Palpebral, the connective tissue 
 forming the framework of the eyelids. C, 
 Parenchymatous, that in which cells 
 form the main part of the tissue. C.s, 
 Pyramidal, the arytenoid cartilages. C.s, 
 Quadrate, several small cartilages passing 
 out from the alar cartilages in the exter- 
 nal part of the nostril. C, Reticular, 
 a peculiar cartilage found in the auricle 
 of the ear, the epiglottis, and eustach- 
 ian tubes. Its peculiarity consists in a 
 network of yellow elastic fibers pervading 
 the matrix in all directions. C, Retiform. 
 See C, Reticular. C. of Santorini, a nodule 
 at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage — 
 the corniculum laryngis. C, Seller's, a 
 small cartilaginous rod attached to the vocal 
 process of the arytenoid cartilage. It is 
 more fully developed in the female than in 
 the male. C.s, Semilunar, two interarticu- 
 lating cartilages of the knee. C, Sesa- 
 moid. See Sesamoid Bone. C, Sesa- 
 moid (of the Larynx), Luschka's carti- 
 lage. C.s, Sesamoid (of the Nose). See 
 C.s, Epactal. C.s, Sigmoid. See C.s, 
 Semilunar. C, Synarthrodial, that of any 
 fixed or slightly movable articulation. C, 
 Tarsal. See C., Palpebral. C, Temporary, 
 that which is ultimately replaced by bone. 
 C, Tubal, a rolled triangular cartilage 
 running from the osseous part of the eus- 
 tachian tube to the pharynx. C. of Weit- 
 brecht, the interarticular fibrocartilage that 
 exists in the acromioclavicular articulation. 
 C.s of Wrisberg, the cuneiform cartilages, 
 one on each side of the fold of membrane 
 stretching from the arytenoid cartilage to 
 the epiglottis. C, Xiphoid. See C, Ensi- 
 form. C, Yellow. See C, Reticular. 
 
 Cartilaginous {kar-til-af -in-us) [cartilage]. 
 Made up of or resembling cartilage. 
 
 Cartilago {kar-til-a'-go) [L.]. See Cartilage. 
 C. triticea, a small oblong cartilaginous 
 nodule often found in the lateral thyrohyoid 
 ligament. 
 
 Carum (ka'-rum) [napov, caraway]. Caraway. 
 It is official in the U. S. P. in the form of the 
 dried fruit of C. carvi, indigenous to Europe, 
 and an allied species native to the Pacific coast 
 of America. Its odor and taste are due to a 
 volatile oil. It is used chiefly as a flavor. C. 
 petroselinum, parsley, is diuretic and sedative. 
 Carui, Aqua (B. P.), caraway water. Dose 
 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). Carui, Infusum, 2 dr. 
 to 1 pint. Dose ^-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). Unof. 
 Cari, Oleum (U. S. P.), oil of caraway. 
 Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). 
 
 Caruncle (kar'-ung-kl) [caruncula]. A small, 
 fleshy growth. C., Lacrimal, one upon the 
 
CARUNCULA 
 
 248 
 
 CASCARIN 
 
 conjunctiva near the inner canthus. C, Ure- 
 thral, a small, bright -red growth situated on 
 the posterior lip of the meatus urinarius : a fre- 
 quent condition in women. The caruncle 
 varies in size from a hempseed to a filbert; it 
 is very painful, especially during micturition 
 and coitus, and bleeds readily. 
 
 Caruncula (kar-ung' '-ku-lah) [dim. of caro, 
 flesh; pi., caruncula]. A caruncle. In the 
 plural, the nymphas. C. innominata, the 
 lacrimal gland. C. major, a caruncle 
 marking the common orifice of the com- 
 mon bile-duct and the pancreatic duct. 
 C. mammillaris. i. The olfactory tub- 
 ercle, between the roots of the olfactory 
 nerves. 2. The enlarged ends of the galac- 
 tophorous ducts in the nipple. C. minor, 
 one in the duodenum in the center of which 
 a supplementary pancreatic duct occasionally 
 opens. C. morgagnii, the middle lobe of the 
 prostate. Carunculae myrtiformes, the pro- 
 jections of membrane near the orifice of the 
 vagina, thought to be the remains of the hy- 
 men after its rupture. Carunculae papil- 
 lares. See Papilla, Renal. C. salivalis. See 
 C. sublingualis. C. sublingualis, one mark- 
 ing the orifice of Wharton's duct. Syn., 
 Papilla salivalis inferior. C. urethrae. See 
 Caruncle, Urethral. 
 
 Carunculate, Carunculated (kar-ung'-ku-lat, 
 -ed). Furnished with a caruncle. 
 
 Cams' Curve. The longitudinal axis of the 
 pelvic canal, which forms a curved line, 
 having the symphysis pubis as its center. 
 
 Carvacrol (karv'-ak-rol) [Ital., c'arvi, caraway; 
 anpog, sharp], C 10 H 13 . OH. A liquid body 
 occurring in the oil of certain varieties of 
 satureja. Syn., Cymic phenol; Cymophenol; 
 Metaisocy mo phenol; Oxyzymol. C. Iodid, 
 C 10 H 13 OI, a brown powder, slightly soluble 
 in alcohol, readily soluble in olive-oil, ether, 
 and chloroform, melting at oo° C; it is 
 used as a substitute for iodoform. Syn., 
 Iodocrol. 
 
 Carya (kar'-e-ah) [napua, the walnut-tree]. 
 Hickory; a genus of trees of the order Jug- 
 landacece, indigenous to North America. 
 C. tomentqsa yields a crystalline principle, 
 caryin, believed to be identical with querci- 
 trin. The leaves of most of the species are 
 aromatic and astringent and the bark bitter 
 and astringent. The inner bark is used in 
 dyspepsia and intermittent fever. 
 
 Caryin (kar'-e-in). See under Carya. 
 
 Caryinum (kar-e-in'-um). Nut-oil. 
 
 Caryochrome (kar'-e-o-krom). See Karyo- 
 chrome. 
 
 Caryocinesis (kar-e-o-sin-e'-sis). See Karyo- 
 kinesis. 
 
 Caryocinetic (kar-e-o-sin-ef-ik). 1. See Karyo- 
 kinetic. 2. Ameboid. 
 
 Caryolysis (kar-e-ol'-is-is). See Karyolysis. 
 
 Caryomitosis (kar-e-o-mi-to'-sis). See Karyo- 
 mitosis. 
 
 Caryophyllin (kar-e-o-fil'-in) [caryophyllus], 
 C 10 H 16 O or C 20 H 32 O 2 . The neutral crystal- 
 line principle of cloves. 
 
 Caryophyllus (kar-e-o-fil' -us) [napuov, a nut; <j>oX- 
 Xov, a leaf]. Clove. The unexpanded flowers 
 of Eugenia aromatica, distinguished by their 
 pungent, spicy taste. Its properties are due 
 to a volatile oil, which is antiseptic, stimulant, 
 and irritant. It also contains a crystalline 
 body, eugenin, C 10 H 12 O 2 , and a camphor, 
 caryophyllin, C 10 H 16 O. It is useful as a 
 stomachic and to prevent "griping" when 
 combined with purgatives. Caryophylli, 
 Infusum (B. P.), a strength of 1 to 40 is 
 recommended. Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). 
 Caryophylli, Oleum (U. S. P.), oil of cloves, 
 contains an acid and a phenol compound. 
 Dose 1-4 min. (0.06-0.24 Cc). It is used 
 also by microscopists to clarify preparations 
 and tissues for mounting. 
 
 Caryoplasm (kar' -e-o-plazm) See Karyoplasm. 
 
 Casanthrol (kas-an'-throl). ' A mixture of 
 casein ointment with a coal-tar product; it 
 is used as a varnish in skin diseases. 
 
 Casca-bark (kas'-kah). Sassy-bark; ordeal- 
 bark. The bark of Erythrophlceum guineense, 
 a tree native to Africa. Its properties are 
 due to an alkaloid. It is valuable in inter- 
 mittent fevers and as a heart-tonic; in over- 
 doses it produces nausea and vomiting. 
 Erythrophlein, the active alkaloid, is a 
 local anesthetic. Dose of the aqueous ex- 
 tract 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.); of the fluidextract 5-15 
 min. (0.3-0.9 Cc); of the tincture (25% 
 strength) 10 min. (0.6 Cc). 
 
 Cascara (kas-kar'-ah)'. Spanish for "bark." 
 C. amarga, Honduras bark. The bark of 
 a tree native in Mexico, much used as an 
 alterative tonic in syphilis and skin affec- 
 tions. C. Cordial, a trade preparation. 
 Dose 15 min.-2 dr. (1-8 Cc). C. sagrada 
 (rhamnus purshiana, U.'S. P.), the bark of 
 Rhamnus purshiana, or California buckthorn. 
 Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It 
 is useful in chronic constipation. Syn., 
 Chittem bark; Sacred bark. C. sagrada, Ex- 
 tract of (extr actum rhamni purshiance, U. S. 
 P.). Dose \-\ dr. (2-4 Cc). C. sagrada, 
 Fluidextract of (fluidextr actum rhamni pur- 
 shiance, U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. (1 Cc). 
 C. sagrada, Fluidextract of, Aromatic (fluid- 
 extractum rhamni purshiance aromaticum, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. (1 Cc). 
 
 Cascarilla (kas-kar-il'-ah) [Sp., dim. of casca, 
 bark]. The bark of Croton eluteria, native 
 to the Bahama Islands, an aromatic bitter, 
 increasing the natural secretions of the di- 
 gestive organs. Unof . Cascarillae, Infusum 
 (B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). Cascar- 
 illae, Tinctura (B. P.). Dose J-2 dr. (2-8 
 Cc). 
 
 Cascarillin (kas-kar-il'-in) [cascarilla], C 6 H 9 2 . 
 The active principle of cascarilla; a white, 
 crystalline, bitter substance, scarcely soluble 
 in water. 
 
 Cascarin (kas'-kar-in), C 24 H 10 O ]0 . A substance 
 isolated by Leprince from the bark of Rham- 
 nus purshiana (cascara sagrada), and be- 
 lieved by him to contain the active tonic 
 and laxative principles of that bark; it occurs 
 
CASEARIA 
 
 249 
 
 CASTANEA 
 
 in granular masses or prisms. Dose 1^-3 
 gr. (0.099-0.198 Gm.). According to Phip- 
 son, this is identical with rhamnotoxin. 
 
 Casearia (kas-e-a'-re-ah) [J. Casearius, Dutch 
 botanist]. A genus of tropical trees of the 
 order Samydacece. C. esculenta is a native of 
 the Asian tropics and Australia; its bitter 
 roots are said to be a valuable remedy in 
 hepatic torpor. C. ovata, the anavingah of 
 the Malays, is a large tree, bitter in all its 
 parts. The fruit is diuretic. C. tomentosa 
 is a tree of India; the bitter leaves are used by 
 the natives in medicated baths and the fruit 
 is diuretic. 
 
 Casease (ka'-se-az). An enzym which digests 
 casein, found by Duclaux and produced by 
 bacteria, notably Tyrothrix tenuis. 
 
 Caseate (ka'-ze-at). 1. A lactate. 2. To undergo 
 cheesy degeneration. 
 
 Caseation (ka-ze-a r -shun) [casein]. The pre- 
 cipitation of casein during the coagulation of 
 milk. Also a form of degeneration in which 
 the structure is converted into a soft, cheese- 
 like substance. 
 
 Caseiform (ka'-ze-if-orm). Resembling cheese 
 or casein. 
 
 Casein (ka'-ze-in) [caseum, cheese]. A de- 
 rived albumin, the chief proteid of milk, 
 precipitated by acids and by rennet. It is 
 closely allied to alkali-albumin, but contains 
 more nitrogen and a large amount of phos- 
 phorus. It constitutes most of the curd of 
 milk. Syn., Caseum; Lacterin. C. Dys- 
 pepton, an insoluble, semigelatinous sub- 
 stance, separated in the first stages of gastric 
 digestion. C, Gluten. See C, Vegetable. 
 C. -mercury, a compound of casein and 
 mercury bichlorid, soluble in water with a 
 trace of ammonia added; it is antiseptic. 
 C. Ointment, an ointment-base consisting 
 of casein, 14 parts; potassium hydroxid and 
 sodium hydroxid, each, 0.43 part; glycerol, 7 
 parts; vaselin, 21 parts; borax, 1 part; 
 water, 56 or 57 parts. C. -peptone, a light- 
 brown, soluble powder used as a nutrient. 
 C. Saccharid, a compound of dry casein, 
 1 part; cane-sugar, 9 parts, and sodium 
 bicarbonate enough to render it slightly 
 alkaline. It is useful in preparing emulsions 
 of oils, balsams, terpenes, resins, or gum- 
 resins. C. of the Saliva, ptyalin. C- 
 sodium, a compound of casein and sodium 
 hydroxid, used as a nutrient. C, Vegetable, 
 a nitrogenous substance resembling the casein 
 of milk; two varieties have been described — 
 legumin, in peas, beans, etc., and conglutin, 
 in hops and almonds. 
 
 Caseoiodin (ka-ze-o-i 1 '-o-din) . A compound of 
 casein and iodin (S or 9 %) forming a white 
 powder, soluble in dilute hot alcohol and in 
 hot alkalis. It is used in myxedema. 
 
 Caseous (ka'-ze-us) [caseum]. Having the 
 nature or consistence of cheese. 
 
 Casimiroa {kas-im-ir-o' -ah) [after Casimiro 
 Gomez]. A genus of plants belonging to the 
 order Rutacece. C. edulis is the zapote bianco 
 of Mexico; the edible fruit is anthelmintic; 
 
 the bitter bark with the leaves and seeds are 
 incinerated and used medicinally. 
 Cassareep, Cassaripe (kas'-a-rep) [South Amer- 
 ican name]. The concentrated juice of the 
 cassava, the root of Jatropha manihot, made 
 innocuous by boiling; it is a condiment, and as 
 an ointment (10%) is recommended in the 
 treatment of purulent conjunctivitis, corneal 
 ulcers, and other diseases of the eye. 
 Cassava (kas-a'-vah) [Sp., casabe]. 1. The 
 manioc plant (Jatropha manihot and other 
 species of Jatroph a). 2. Tapioca. 
 Casser's (Casserius') Fontanel. The 
 fontanel formed by the temporal, occipital, 
 and parietal bones. C.'s Muscle, ligament- 
 ous fibers attached to the malleus and form- 
 erly described as the laxator tympani minor 
 muscle. C.'s Perforating Nerve, the ex- 
 ternal cutaneous nerve of the arm. 
 Casserian (kas-e'-re-an). See Gasserian. 
 Cassia (cash'-e-ah) [naala, a perfume]. 1. A 
 genus of leguminous plants, several species 
 of which afford senna. 2. An old name, still 
 used commercially, for the coarser varieties 
 of cinnamon. See Cinnamon. C. alata, the 
 ringworm -shrub, is a widely diffused tropical 
 shrub. The juice of the leaves mixed with lime- 
 juice is used in the treatment of ringworm, 
 and the wood and bark are alterant. C. bear- 
 eana is a species of East Africa. A decoction 
 of the root is highly recommended in black- 
 water fever, and the powdered bark is applied 
 as a dressing to ulcers. C. marilandica, of 
 North America, produces the leaves called 
 American senna, which are less active as a 
 cathartic than the true senna. C.-bark, cas- 
 sia-lignea. SeeCinnatnon. C. -buds, the im- 
 mature fruit of Chinese cinnamon; used chiefly 
 as a spice. C, Oil of, a variety of oil of cin- 
 namon, used in pharmacy and in perfumery. 
 C, Purging (cassia fistula, U. S. P.), the 
 dried fruit of a tree growing in tropical re- 
 gions. The pulp (cassia^ put pa, B. P.) is a 
 mild laxative. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). 
 Cast (kast)[ ME., casten, to throw]. 1. A mass 
 of fibrous or plastic material that has taken 
 the form of some cavity in which it has been 
 molded. From their source, casts may be 
 classified as bronchial, intestinal, nasal, 
 esophageal, renal, tracheal, urethral, vaginal, 
 etc. Of these, the renal casts, by reason of 
 their significance in diseases of the kidney, 
 are the most important. Classed according 
 to their constitution, casts are epithelial, 
 fatty, fibrinous, granular, hyaline, mucous, 
 sanguineous, waxy, etc. See Tube-casts. 
 2. Strabismus. C.s, Kulz's, very short, 
 generally hyaline, but sometimes granular, 
 casts, occurring at the onset and during 
 the course of diabetic coma, disappearing 
 with the coma, and considered by Kiilz as 
 diagnostic of impending coma. C.s, Tubular 
 Exudation (of the intestine), a pathogno- 
 monic symptom of mucous colitis. 
 Castanea (kas-ta'-ne-ah) [L.]. Chestnut. The 
 leaves of C. vesca. They contain tannic 
 and gallic acids and other principles the 
 
CASTELLINO'S SIGN 
 
 250 
 
 CATAPLASM 
 
 value of which is not known. They are used 
 in infusion or decoction as a remedy for 
 whooping-cough. Dose of the fluidexiract 
 5-60 min. (0.3-3.8 Cc). 
 
 Castellino's Sign. See Oliver's Symptom. 
 
 Castor (kas'-tor). See Castoreum. C.-bean, 
 C.-oil. See under Ricinus. C. -xylene, a 
 mixture composed of castor-oil, 1 part, and 
 xylene, 3 parts, used for clearing or clarify- 
 ing the collodion or celloidin of objects 
 embedded in collodion. 
 
 Castoreum {kas-to' -re-um) [naozcop, the 
 beaver]. The dried preputial follicles and 
 their secretion, obtained from the beaver, 
 Castor fiber. It is a reddish-brown substance 
 with a strong odor. It is antispasmodic 
 and stimulant, its action resembling that of 
 musk. Dose of the tincture J-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Castration {kas-tra f -shun) [castrare, to cut]. 
 Orchidectomy; the excision of one or both 
 testicles. C, Female, removal of the ova- 
 ries; oophorectomy; spaying. 
 
 Castrensis {kas-tren' -sis) [castra, a camp]. 1. 
 Relating to camps. 2. Camp-fever or dysen- 
 tery due to unsanitary living in camps. 
 
 Casualty {kaz f -u-al-te) [casus, chance]. An 
 accidental injury; a wound, or loss of life, 
 accidentally incurred; an injury in a battle. 
 
 Casuarina (kas-u-ar-e 1 '-nah) [casuarius, the cas- 
 sowary, from the resemblance of the stems to 
 the heavy feathers of this bird]. A genus of 
 plants of the order Casuarinacea. The tonic 
 and styptic bark of C. equisetifolia, of 
 Malaya, is used in the treatment of beriberi. 
 C. Montana is a native of Malaya; the bark 
 is used in beriberi; the leaves in colic; the 
 seeds in a salve in the treatment of head- 
 ache. 
 
 Casuistics (kaz-u-is'-tiks) [casus, a case]. The 
 study of individual pathologic cases as a 
 means of arriving at the general history of 
 a disease. 
 
 Casumen (kas f -u-men). A proprietary dietetic 
 said to contain 93 % of proteid. 
 
 Cata-. For words thus beginning and not 
 found under C see Kata-. 
 
 Catabasial (kat-ah-ba' -se-al) [/card, down; 
 basion]. Applied to skulls having the basion 
 lower than the opisthion. 
 
 Catabasis {kat-ab' -as -is) [mrapaotc, a descent]. 
 The decline of a disease. 
 
 Catabiotic {kat-ah-bi-ot'-ik). See Katabiotic. 
 
 Catabolergy {kat-ab-ol'-er-je). See Katabol- 
 ergy. 
 
 Catabolic {kat-ab -ol'-ik). See Katabolic. 
 
 Catabolin, Catabolite (kat-ab' '-o-lin, -lite). 
 See Katabolin. 
 
 Catabolism {kat-ab' -o-lizm). See Katabolism. 
 
 Cataclasis {kat-ak' -las-is) [Kara, down; nXaoecv, 
 to break]. A fracture. 
 
 Catacleisis {kat-ak-W -sis) [Karaidecocc, a lock- 
 ing]. Closure of the eyelids by adhesion or 
 by spasm. 
 
 Cataclysm {kaf '-ak-lizm) [KaraKXuo/xoc, a del- 
 uge]. 1. An effusion. 2. A sudden 
 shock. 
 
 Catalase {kat'-al-az). See Milk-catalase. 
 
 Catalepsy (kaf -al-ep-se) [Kara, down; Xaft- 
 P&vecv, to seize]. A condition of morbid 
 sleep, associated with a loss of voluntary 
 motion and a peculiar plastic rigidity of the 
 muscles, by reason of which they take any 
 position in which they are placed and pre- 
 serve it for an indefinite time. The condi- 
 tion is associated with hysteria, with forms 
 of insanity, and is a stage of the hypnotic 
 sleep. C.j Local, that affecting a single 
 organ or group of muscles. 
 
 Cataleptic {kat-al-ep'-tik) [see Catalepsy]. 1. 
 Relating to, affected with, or of the nature of, 
 catalepsy. 2. A person affected with cata- 
 lepsy. 
 
 Cataleptiform {kat-al-ep'-tif-orm) [catalepsy; 
 forma, form]. Resembling catalepsy. 
 
 Cataleptize {kat-al-ep'-tlz). To reduce to a 
 state of catalepsy. 
 
 Cataleptoid {kat-al-ep' -toid) [catalepsy; eldoc, 
 likeness]. Like catalepsy. C. State, a 
 condition due to neuromuscular excitability 
 and differing from true catalepsy in that 
 the limbs must be held in fixed attitudes 
 for a few seconds before they maintain 
 themselves and friction causes them to 
 become limp. 
 
 Cataleptolethargic (kat-al-ep-to-leth-ar' '-jik) . 
 Having the nature of catalepsy and lethargy. 
 
 Catamenia {kat-am-e' -ne-ah) [Kara, concerning, 
 according to; firjv, month]. The recurrent 
 monthly discharge of blood during sexual life 
 from the genital canal of the female. 
 
 Catamenial {kat-am-e 1 '-ne-al) [catamenia]. Per- 
 taining to the catamenia. 
 
 Cataphonics {kat-ah-fon'-iks) [Kara, after; 
 cfxbvr), sound]. That branch of physics treating 
 of reflected sounds. 
 
 Cataphoresis {kat-af-or-e'-sis) [Kara, down; 
 (fikpecv, to carry]. The introduction of 
 drugs into the system through the skin by 
 means of ointments or solutions applied by 
 the electrode of a battery. C, Anemic, 
 the application of cataphoresis upon a part 
 from which the blood-supply has previously 
 been cut off by an Esmarch bandage or a 
 rubber ring. C, Static, a method of intro- 
 ducing into the body gaseous medicaments 
 that have been inclosed within a bell-jar or 
 tube into which enters a brush electrode con- 
 nected with the positive pole of an influence 
 machine. 
 
 Cataphoria {kat-af-o'-re-ah). See Kataphoria. 
 
 Cataplasis {kat-ap'-las-is) [Kara, down; itlaatc, 
 formation]. 1. The stage of decline in the 
 individual life. 2. The application of a 
 plaster or coating. 
 
 Cataplasm, Cataplasma {kat'-ap-lazm, kat-ap- 
 laz'-mah) [naranXaa p.a, a poultice]. A poultice 
 (q. v.). Cataplasma carbonis (B. P.), a 
 poultice made of wood-charcoal, 1; bread- 
 crumb, 1; linseed-meal, 3; boiling water, 20 
 parts. Cataplasma fermenti (B. P.), a 
 mixture of beer, yeast, wheat-flour, water at 
 ioo° F. It is a stimulant and antiseptic 
 for indolent ulcers. Cataplasma kaolini 
 (U. S. P.), a mixture of kaolin, boric acid, 
 
CATARACT 
 
 251 
 
 CATARRH 
 
 thymol, methyl salicylate, oil of peppermint, 
 and glycerol. 
 Cataract (kat'-ar-akt) [Karappanz-qg, a water- 
 fall]. Partial or complete opacity of the 
 crystalline lens or its capsule. C, Adherent, 
 opacity of the lens, due to disturbed nutrition, 
 in which it is attached by exudates to the 
 adjacent parts, as in cyclitis. C, Arido- 
 siliquose, an overripe cataract with a dry, 
 wrinkled capsule. C, Capsular, cataract 
 due to opacity of the capsule. „C, Capsulo- 
 lenticular, one involving both the capsule 
 and the lens. C, Chalky. See C, Arido- 
 siliquose. C, Cholesterin, one containing 
 what are apparently crystals of choles- 
 terin. C, Concussion, a soft cataract 
 due to an explosion or some other con- 
 cussion. C, Cortical, one due to loss of 
 transparency of the outer layers of the 
 lens. C, Cystic. See C, Morgagnian. 
 C, Diabetic, a form associated with diabetes. 
 C. -discission, an operation preliminary to 
 absorption, or . extraction by suction, con- 
 sisting in rupturing the capsule, so that the 
 aqueous humor gains access to the lens. C- 
 extraction, removal of the cataractous lens 
 by surgical operation. C, Fibrinous, a 
 false cataract consisting of an effusion of 
 plastic lymph on the capsule and into the 
 field of vision. C, Fibroid, a false cataract 
 consisting of an opacity in the axis of the 
 visual rays though not in the lens. C, 
 Fluid, the breaking-up of an opaque lens 
 into a milky fluid. C, Green, a name 
 given to a grayish-green reflex seen in glau- 
 coma; it is also seen when the pupil is dilated 
 and the mediums are not completely trans- 
 parent. C, Grumous, a spurious cataract 
 from hemorrhage into the cornea or into 
 the vitreous. C, Gypseous, an overripe 
 cataract presenting a white appearance from 
 having undergone degeneration. C, Hard. 
 See C., Senile. C, Hyaloid, a spurious 
 cataract attributed to opacity of the anterior 
 part of the vitreous. C, Immature, one in 
 which only a part of the lens-substance is catar- 
 actous. C., Incipient, forked linear opacities 
 in the equatorial region of the lens seen in 
 middle-aged persons and sometimes remaining 
 unchanged for years. Syn., Arcus senilis 
 lends; Gerontoxon lentis. C, Interstitial. 
 See C. t Lenticular. C, Lacteal. See C, 
 Fluid. C, Lamellar, one due to opacity 
 of certain layers between the cortex and 
 nucleus, the remaining layers being trans- 
 parent. C, Lenticular, one occurring in 
 the lens proper. C, Lymph, C, Lymphatic. 
 See C, Morgagnian. C, Mature, one in 
 which the whole lens-substance is cataractous. 
 C, Membranous, a fibrinous deposit from 
 the iris upon the capsule, which becomes 
 opaque. C., Mixed, one which ultimately 
 affects the whole lens, but begins as a cortical 
 opacity in sharply demarcated streaks or tri- 
 angular patches. C, Morgagnian, one in 
 which an overripe cataract shrinks and leaves 
 a nucleus floating in the dissolved outer layers. 
 
 C, Myelin, one containing a semitrans- 
 parent, yellowish, friable substance. C, 
 Nuclear, one of moderate extent beginning 
 in the nucleus. C, Pigmented, C, Pig- 
 mentous, a spurious cataract due to an 
 injury by which the pigment from the pos- 
 terior surface of the iris has been detached, 
 forming a tree-like appearance. C, Polar < 
 (anterior or posterior), a form in which the 
 opacity is confined to one pole of the lens. C, 
 Pseudomembranous, a condition marked by 
 white spots on the lens due to iritis. C. , Pupil- 
 lary, congenital closure of the pupil. C, 
 Pyramidal, one in which the opacity is at the 
 anterior pole and is conoid, the apex extending 
 forward. C, Recurrent Capsular, C, Sec- 
 ondary, capsular cataract appearing after the 
 extraction of the lens. C, Ripe. See C, 
 Mature. C, Senile, the cataract of old per- 
 sons, the most frequent form, and that under- 
 stood when not specified as congenital, juve- 
 nile, traumatic, soft, etc. C, Siliculose, C, 
 Siliquose. See C, Aridosiliqnose. C, 
 Soft, a form occurring especially in the 
 young; the lens -matter is of soft consistence 
 and milky appearance. C, Spontaneous, 
 one not dependent upon some other lesion 
 or disease. C, Stony, one that has undergone 
 degeneration and become of stony hardness. 
 C.j Tremulous, C, Vacillating, one asso- 
 ciated with laceration of the zonule of Zinn, 
 causing trembling of the iris and of the 
 cataract on movement of the eyeball. C, 
 True, lenticular cataract. C, Unripe. See 
 C, Immature. C, Zonular. See C, Lamellar. 
 
 Cataractous (kal-ar-ak'-tus) [cataract]. Of 
 the nature of or affected with cataract. 
 
 Catarrh {kat-ahr') [Ka-appslv, to flow down]. 
 Inflammation of a mucous membrane. 
 The term is also applied to certain inflam- 
 mations of the tubules of the kidney and the 
 air-vesicles of the lung. C, Alveolar, a 
 condition occurring in bronchopneumonia 
 in which the alveoli of the lungs contain 
 a 'granular liquid exudate holding modified 
 epithelial cells and blood-corpuscles. C, 
 Atrophic Nasal, chronic nasal catarrh 
 resulting in dryness and atrophy of the 
 membrane. C, Dry, bronchitis in which 
 there are frequent, severe attacks of cough- 
 ing, with pain and but little expectoration. 
 C, Epidemic. See Influenza. C., Gastric, 
 gastritis. C, Hemorrhagic, bronchial ca- 
 tarrh attended with a superficial extravasation 
 of blood into the mucous tissue. C, Infec- 
 tious, that caused by pathogenic microor- 
 ganisms either by direct invasion or by the 
 effect of toxins generated by them. C, In- 
 testinal, enteritis. C, Intoxication, that 
 caused by chemic poison — (a) introduced with 
 the ingesta; (b) developed from the ingesta 
 through putrefaction; (c) that developed 
 from the blood. C, Laennec's. i. See C, 
 Dry. 2.SeeC.,Pituitous. C, Membranous 
 Nasal, a form of nasal catarrh marked by the 
 formation of a thick pseudomembrane. C, 
 Mycotic, that caused by a fungus. C, Nasal, 
 
CATARRHAL 
 
 252 
 
 CATNIP 
 
 coryza. C, Papillary, catarrh of the renal 
 papillas. C, Pituitous (of Laennec), 
 chronic serous bronchorrhea attended with 
 copious secretion discharged by severe parox- 
 ysms of coughing. C, Pulmonary, bron- 
 chitis. C, Rarefying Dry (of the naso- 
 pharynx), a state of malnutrition marked 
 by pale, dry mucosa and at times the occur- 
 rence of varicose veins in the pharyngeal 
 wall and about the orifices of the eustachian 
 tubes. C, Rose-, hay -fever. C, Russian, 
 influenza. C, Serous, that marked by secre- 
 tion consisting chiefly of a serous fluid. C, 
 Suffocative. Synonym of Capillary bronchi- 
 tis. C, Summer-, hay-fever. C, Uterine, 
 endometritis. C, Vasomotor, hay-fever. C, 
 Venereal. Synonym of Gonorrhea. C . , Vesi- 
 cal, cystitis. 
 
 Catarrhal (kat-ahr'-al) [catarrh]. Of the nature 
 of, affected with, or relating to catarrh. C. 
 Fever. Synonym of Influenza. C. Inflam- 
 mation, an inflammation of an archiblastic 
 surface, characterized by proliferation and 
 desquamation of the epithelium. 
 
 Catarrhectic (kat-ar-ek'-tik) [Karapprj/iracoc]. 
 Purgative. 
 
 Catatonia (kat-at-o'-ne-ah). See Katatonia. 
 
 Catatropia (kat-at-ro' -pe-ah) . See Katatropia. 
 
 Catavertebral (kat-ah-ver 1 '-te-bral) [Kara, down; 
 vertebral]. Located on the side of a centrum 
 of a vertebra next to the blood-vessels. 
 
 Catechin (kat'-e-chin) [catechu], C 21 H 20 O 9 + 
 5H 2 0. Catechinic acid, the active principle 
 of catechu. It crystallizes in shining needles 
 of a snow-white, silky appearance. 
 
 Catechol (kaf '-e-chol) . See Pyrocatechin. C. 
 Dimethylate, C. Dimethyl-ether. See 
 Veratrol. C. Monomethylate, C. Mono- 
 methyl-ether. See Guaiacol. 
 
 Catechu (kat'-e-choo) [E. Ind.]. An extract 
 prepared from the wood of Acacia catechu, a 
 native of the East Indies. It contains 50% 
 of tannic acid, and hence is a powerful 
 astringent. It is used in the diarrhea' of 
 children and as a gargle and mouth-wash. 
 Dose of the powdered extract 10 gr.— \ dr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.). Unof. The catechu of the 
 Pharmacopeia of 1890 has been replaced by 
 gambir (q.v.). C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose 
 ■i-i£ oz. (30-45 Cc). C, Pulvis, Composi- 
 tus (B. P.), contains catechu, kino, and rha- 
 tany. Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-2.6 Gm.). 
 
 Catelectrode (kat-el-ek' -trod) . See Kathode. 
 
 Catelectrotonus (kat-el-ek-trot'-o-nus). See 
 Katelectrotonus. 
 
 Catenating (kat'-en-a-ting) [catenare, to chain 
 together]. Connecting; linking; e. g., catena- 
 ting ague, ague associated with another disease. 
 
 Catgut (kat'-gut). The intestine of various ani- 
 mals, particularly the sheep, treated to make 
 ligatures. C, Carbolized, catgut rendered 
 aseptic by soaking in a solution of phenol. C, 
 Chromicized, gut treated with chromium tri- 
 oxid. C. -plate, an appliance for uniting intes- 
 tinal edges in intestinal anastomosis. It is made 
 of a solid catgut sheet, is thin, large, and flat, 
 and resembles the Senn decalcified bone-plates. 
 
 Catharsis (kath-ar' -sis) [nadacpecv, to purge]. 
 Purgation. 
 
 Cathartate (kath-ar' -tat) . A salt of cathartic 
 acid. 
 
 Cathartic (kath-ar' -tik) [see Catharsis]. 1. Pur- 
 gative. 2. A medicine used to produce evacu- 
 ations of the bowels; a purgative. C. Acid. 
 See Senna. C. Pill, Compound. See under 
 Compound. 
 
 Cathartogenin (kath-ar -to]' -en-in). A yellow- 
 brown subst.ance obtained from cathartic acid 
 by decomposition with hydrochloric acid. 
 Syn., Cathar to genie acid. 
 
 Cathartomannite (kath-ar -to -man' -It). See 
 Sennit. 
 
 Cat-head (kat'-hed). A term applied by Rosch 
 to certain skulls the bones of which are too 
 thin, the form rotund, with the occiput 
 markedly projecting, while all prominences 
 and muscular impressions are inconspicuous. 
 Cf. Apple Head. 
 
 Cathelineau's Sign. See Gilles de la Tou- 
 rette's Sign under Tourette. 
 
 Catheter (kath'-et-er) [Kaderrjp, a thing put 
 down]. A hollow tube for introduction into 
 a cavity through a narrow canal. C, Boze- 
 man's, a double-current uterine catheter. 
 C, Eustachian, an instrument for examin- 
 ing, distending, or making applications to 
 the eustachian tube. C. Fever, systemic 
 disturbance with fever, following the intro- 
 duction of a catheter into the urethra. C, 
 Gouley's, a solid curved, steel instrument, 
 grooved on its inferior aspect, for passing 
 over a guide, through a stricture, into the 
 bladder. C.-life, continuous dependence 
 upon the catheter for evacuation of the blad- 
 der. C, Lung, a soft -rubber tube that may 
 be passed down the trachea. C, Schrotter's, 
 instruments of hard rubber and of varying 
 caliber, somewhat triangular on section, 
 used for the dilation of laryngeal strictures. 
 C, Self -retaining, one that will hold itself 
 within the bladder without other appliances 
 to assist it. 
 
 Catheterism, Catheterization (kath'-et-er -izm, 
 kath-et-er-iz-a'-shun) [catheter]. The intro- 
 duction of a catheter. 
 
 Cathodal (kath' -o-dal) . See Kathodal. 
 
 Cathode (kath'-od). See Kathode. 
 
 Cathodic (kath-od'-ik). See Kathodic. 
 
 Cathypnosis (kath-ip' '-no-sis) [koOutzvojocc, a 
 falling asleep]. Synonym of African leth- 
 argy. 
 
 Cation (kat'-e-on). See Kation. 
 
 Cativi, Cativia [Carib for manihot-root]. A 
 skin disease of Central America said to be 
 caused by an animal parasite, and resembling 
 in its lesions grated manihot-root. 
 
 Catlin, Catling (kat'-lin, kat'-ling) [dim. of 
 cat]. A long, pointed, two-edged knife used 
 in amputation. 
 
 Catnip (kat'-nip) [corruption of catmint]. The 
 leaves and tops of the herb Nepeta cataria, 
 a stimulant and tonic; a popular remedy 
 for chlorosis, hysteria, etc. Dose of fluid- 
 extract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
CATOPTRIC TEST 
 
 253 
 
 CAUTERY 
 
 Catoptric Test. The diagnosis of cataract 
 by means of the reflection of images from 
 the cornea and lens-capsules. 
 
 Catoptrics {kat-op'-triks) [nazonzpov, a mirror]. 
 The laws of the reflection of light. 
 
 Catramin {kaf -ram-in). A turpentine ob- 
 tained from Tsuga canadensis and other 
 conifers. It is recommended as a stimulant, 
 diuretic, and expectorant in chronic respira- 
 tory troubles, and is used in tuberculosis 
 and lupus subcutaneously and as an em- 
 brocation. 
 
 Cat's-purr. A peculiar purring bruit heard 
 on auscultation, due to a defect of the mitral 
 valve. Syn., Fremissement cataire. 
 
 Cattle-plague. See Rinderpest. 
 
 Cauda \]ww'-dah) [L.]. i. A tail. 2. The part 
 of a muscle forming its insertion. C. cere- 
 belli, the vermiform process. C. epididy- 
 midis, the inferior part of the epididymis. 
 C. equina, a term applied collectively to the 
 roots of the sacral and coccygeal nerves, 
 from their resemblance to a horse's tail. 
 C. medullas (of Bartholin), a collective term 
 for the oblongata and spinal cord. C. 
 striati, the narrow posterior portion of the 
 caudate nucleus. 
 
 Caudad {haw'-dad) [cauda; ad, to]. Toward 
 the tail or cauda; opposed to cephalad; in 
 man, downward. 
 
 Caudal {kaw'-dal) [cauda]. Pertaining to a 
 cauda or tail. 
 
 Caudate {kaw'-dat) [cauda]. Having or re- 
 sembling a tail. C. Lobe of Liver, a small 
 lobe of the liver. C. Nucleus, the intra- 
 ventricular portion of the corpus striatum. 
 
 Caudation {kaw-da'-shun) [cauda]. 1. The 
 condition of being furnished with a tail. 
 2. Elongation of the clitoris. 
 
 Caudatolenticular, Caudolenticular {haw- 
 dat -o-len-tik'-u-lar, kaw-do -len-tik' -u-lar). 
 Pertaining to both the caudate and the len- 
 ticular nuclei. 
 
 Caudatum {kaw-dat'-um). See Corpus stri- 
 atum: 
 
 Caudex {kaw'-deks) [L., "a tree-stem"]. 1. 
 In biology, applied to the scaly, unbranching 
 trunk of a palm-tree or tree-fern. 2. The 
 main portion of the brain-stem, the fibers 
 running from the spinal cord to the hemi- 
 spheres of the - brain. C. dorsalis. 1. The 
 spinal cord. 2. The oblongata. C. en- 
 cephali, the cerebral peduncle. C. en- 
 cephali communis, the oblongata and crus 
 cerebri. C. encephali pontilis, the pons. 
 C. medullaris, the cerebral peduncle. 
 
 Caudiferous {kaw-dif'-er-us) [cauda; ferre, to 
 bear]. Having a tail or tail-like appendage. 
 
 Caul {kawl) [ME., calle, a hood]. 1. A por- 
 tion or all of the fetal membranes covering 
 the head and carried out in advance of it in 
 labor. 2. The great omentum. 
 
 Cauliflower Excrescence. A tumor with an 
 irregular surface resembling the cauliflower. 
 
 Caulophyllum {haw - lo - fil f - urn) [muXoc, 
 stalk; (fiOXXov, leaf]. Blue cohosh; "squaw- 
 root": the rhizome and rootlets of C. thal- 
 
 ictroides, growing in Canada and the north- 
 ern United States. It contains a glucosid, 
 saponin, and two resins, one of which is 
 caulophyllin. It produces intermittent con- 
 tractions of the gravid uterus, and possesses 
 diuretic, emmenagog, and antispasmodic 
 powers. There are no official preparations. 
 Dose of the powdered drug 5-20 gr. (0.32— 
 1.3 Gm.); of caidophyllin 2-5 gr. (0.13- 
 0.32 Gm.). 
 
 Cauloplegia {haw -lo-ple' -je-ah) [kcluXoc, a 
 stalk; TzXrjyri, a stroke]. Paralysis affecting 
 the penis. 
 
 Caulosterin {kaw-los'-ter-in) [nauXog, a stalk; 
 ozepioc, solid], C 26 H 44 0. An aromatic com- 
 pound occurring in the root and stem of 
 seedlings of the yellow lupine which have 
 grown in the dark. It is levorotary, forming 
 lustrous plates which melt at i58°-i59° C. 
 
 Causalgia {kaw-zaV -je-ah) [nauooc, a burning; 
 aXyoc, pain]. The burning pain that is some- 
 times present in injuries of the nerves. 
 
 Caustic {kaws'-tik) [caustictim, caustic]. 1. 
 Very irritant; burning; capable of destroying 
 tissue. 2. A substance that destroys tissue. 
 C. Alkali, a pure alkaline hydrate or oxid. 
 C, Lunar {argenti nitras fusus, U. S. P.), sil- 
 ver nitrate. C., Metallic, one containing a 
 metal or a metallic salt. C, Mitigated 
 {argenti nitras mitigatus, U. S. P.), silver ni- 
 trate made less active by fusion with potas- 
 sium nitrate or argentic chlorid. C, Per- 
 petual, fused silver nitrate. C. Potash, po- 
 tassium hydroxid. C. Soda, sodium hydroxid. 
 
 Cauterant {kaw'-ter-ant) [/iauzfjp, a burner]. 
 1. Caustic; escharotic. 2. A caustic sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Cauterism {kaw'-ter-izm). See Cauterization. 
 
 Cauterization {haw -ter-iz-a' -shun) [see Cau- 
 tery]. The application of a cautery; the 
 effect of such an application. C, Dis- 
 tant, that performed by holding the 
 cautery at some distance from the surface 
 to be cauterized. C, Galvanochemic 
 (Apostoli's), the destruction of the mucosa 
 by means of electrolytic action. C, In- 
 herent, deep cauterization by means of the 
 actual cautery. C, Neapolitan, deep cauter- 
 ization through an incision. C, Objective. 
 See C, Distant. C. by Points, C, Punc- 
 tate, deep cauterization with a pointed 
 cautery. C., Slow, that performed with 
 moxa. C, Subcutaneous, deep cauteriza- 
 tion by injection of caustics or by inclosing 
 the cautery in a tube so as not to affect 
 the superficial parts. C, Tubular, Tripier's 
 operation of charring the walls of an opening 
 made into a cyst by means of an instrument 
 connected with the negative pole of a battery. 
 
 Cauterize {kaw'-ter-lz) [see Cautery]. To sear 
 or burn with a cautery or a caustic. 
 
 Cautery {haw'-ter-e) [nauzTjpwv, a branding- 
 iron]. A metal instrument heated by the 
 electric current or in a flame, used to destroy 
 tissue or for producing co'unterirritation. 
 Syn., Inustorium. C, Actual, the white-hot 
 iron. C, Button-, an iron heated in hot 
 
CAVA 
 
 254 
 
 CELIA 
 
 heated by electricity. C, Nummular, a 
 cautery iron fitted with a coin-shaped disc. 
 C, Paquelin's, a hollow platinum point 
 kept at a uniform temperature by a current 
 of benzene vapor; a thermocautery. C, 
 Potential, C, Virtual, the application of 
 caustic substances. C, Solar, a lens for 
 concentrating the rays of the sun upon a 
 part to be cauterized. C, Steam. See At- 
 mocausis. C, Thermo-. See Thermocau- 
 tery. 
 
 Cava ika'-vali) [L.]. i. A vena cava. 2. Any 
 external cavity or hollow of the body. 
 
 Caval {ka'-vat) [cava]. Relating to a vena 
 cava. 
 
 Cavalry-bone (kav'-al-re-bon). A bony de- 
 posit in the adductor muscles of the thigh. 
 
 Cavascope (kav' -a-sko p) [cava; aaoTie'cv, to 
 view]. An apparatus for illuminating a cav- 
 ity. 
 
 Cavern {kav'-ern) [caver na, a hollow]. A cavity 
 in the lung due to necrosis of the parenchyma; 
 also the cavity of a dilated bronchus. C, 
 Brand, one due to gangrenous destruction 
 of a circumscribed segment of the lung 
 parenchyma. 
 
 Cavernitis (kav-er-ni'-tis). Inflammation of 
 the corpora cavernosa. 
 
 Cavernoma {kav-em-o' -mah) [cavern; b/xa, a 
 tumor]. A cavernous tumor; a cavernous 
 angioma. 
 
 Cavernous {kav'-er-nus) [cavern]. Having 
 hollow spaces. C. Bodies, the corpora 
 cavernosa of the penis. C. Breathing, 
 the breath-sounds heard over a pulmonary 
 cavity. C. Groove, the carotid groove. C. 
 Plexus. See Plexus, Cavernous. C. Sinus, 
 a venous sinus situated at the side of the 
 body of the sphenoid. C. Tissue, erectile 
 tissue. C. Tumor, a cavernous angioma. 
 
 Cavitary (kav'-it-a-re) [cavitarius, hollow]. 
 Hollow; having or forming cavities. 
 
 Cavite Fever. See Fever, Cavite. 
 
 Cavity {kav'-it-e) [cavum]. A hollow. See 
 under Abdominal, Amniotic, Cotyloid, Glen- 
 oid, and Serous. Cavities, Cerebral, 
 the ventricles of the brain. C., Cranial, 
 the hollow of the skull. C, Epiploic, 
 the omentum. C, Oral, that of the 
 mouth. Syn., Cavum oris; Spatium oris. 
 C, Pleural, the closed space of the pleura 
 included between its parietal and visceral 
 layers. C, Pleuroperitoneal, the celom 
 or body-cavity. C, Preperitoneal. See 
 Retzius' Space. C, Sigmoid, one of two 
 depressions on the head of the ulna for 
 articulation with the radius and humerus. 
 
 Cavum ika'-vum) [L.]. A cavity. 
 
 Cayaponin (ka-ap 1 '-o-nin) [Cayaponia, Brazil- 
 ian name]. An alkaloid extracted from 
 Cayaponia globosa, a cucurbitaceous plant 
 of Brazil. It is said to purge without griping. 
 Dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.). 
 
 Cayenne Pepper {hi' -en). See Capsicum. 
 
 Cazenave's Lupus. Lupus erythematosus. 
 C.'s Vitiligo. See Celsus' Area, 
 
 Cc, C.C. Abbreviations of cubic centimeter. 
 
 Cd. Symbol for cadmium. 
 
 Ce. Symbol for cerium. 
 
 Ceanothin {se-an-o' -thin) . 1. A brown powder 
 obtained from Ceanothus americanus. It is 
 purgative and alterative, and is used in 
 syphilis, dysentery, and sore thro'at. Dose 
 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). 2. An alkaloid 
 isolated from Ceanothus americanus; slightly 
 soluble in alcohol and ether. 
 
 Cearin {se'-ar-in). An ointment-base con- 
 sisting of carnauba wax, 1 part; paraffin, 3 
 parts, melted together and mixed with 4 
 times its weight of liquid petrolatum. 
 
 Cebocephalus {se-bo-sej'-al-us) [nfiftoc, a mon- 
 key; KS(f)a^7), head]. A variety of single 
 autositic monsters of the species Cycloceph- 
 alus, in which there is entire absence of the 
 nose, with, however, two orbital cavities and 
 two eyes, the region between the eyes being 
 narrow and perfectly flat. 
 
 Cebur {se'-bur). See Balsam, Tagulaway. 
 
 Cecal {se'-kal) [cecum]. Pertaining to the 
 cecum. 
 
 Cecectomy (se-sek 1 '-lom-e) [cecum; to/hjj, a 
 cutting]. Excision of part of the cecum. 
 
 Cecitis {se-si'-tis) [cecum; exec, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the cecum. 
 
 Cecocele {se'-ko-sel) [cecum; ktjXt], hernia] 
 A hernia into the cecum. Syn., Typhlocele. 
 
 Cecostomy {se-kos'-to-me) [cecum; aro/ia, a 
 mouth]. The formation of an artificial anus 
 in the cecum. 
 
 Cecum {se'-kum) [ccecus, blind]. The large 
 blind pouch or culdesac in which the large 
 intestine begins. 
 
 Cedar (se f -dar) [cedrus, cedar]. One of the 
 genus of coniferous trees, Cedrus. C.-oil, 
 a transparent oil obtained from Juniperus 
 virginiana, and used as a clearing agent in 
 histology and for oil-immersion lenses. 
 
 Celandin {sel r -an-din) . See Chelidonium. 
 
 Celarium, Ccelarium (se-la'-re-um). The epi- 
 thelium of the celom. 
 
 Celastrin {se-las'-trin). 1. Mosso's name for 
 a poisonous alkaloid obtained from the 
 leaves of Catha edulis; it resembles caffein 
 physiologically, though more energetic and 
 differing essentially from it. Syn., Kathin. 
 2. A bitter principle found by Dragendorff 
 in the leaves of Celastrus serratus. 3. A 
 substance forming minute white crystals found 
 by Wayne in Celastrus scandens. 
 
 Celastrus (sel-as'-trus) [KJjXaarpoc, an evergreen 
 tree]. A genus of trees and shrubs, nearly 
 allied to Euonymus. C. paniculatus is a 
 climbing shrub of India; the oil from the 
 seeds (oleum nigrum) is a powerful stimu- 
 lant and diaphoretic in gout and fever. C. 
 scandens, of North America, is cathartic, 
 diuretic, and alterative. C. serratus is a 
 native of Abyssinia; the leaves, add-add, 
 are used in malaria; they contain tannin, 
 a bitter principle, celastrin, and a volatile 
 oil. 
 
 Celia (se f -le-ah) [nodca, belly]. 1. The belly; 
 the stomach. 2. A ventricle of the brain. 
 
CELIAC 
 
 255 
 
 CELL 
 
 Celiac {se'-le-ak) [celia]. Abdominal; pertain- 
 ing to the belly. C. Artery. Same as 
 C. Axis. C. Axis, a branch of the 
 abdominal aorta; it divides into the gas- 
 tric, hepatic, and splenic arteries. See 
 under Artery. C. Ganglion. See Gang- 
 lion, Semilunar. C. Plexus, a sympathetic 
 nerve-plexus situated about the origin of the 
 celiac axis. 
 
 Celiacomesenteric {se-le-ak-o-mez-en-ter' -ik) . 
 Relating to the celiac and mesenteric regions. 
 
 Celialgia {se-le-aV -je-ah) [celia; dXjoc, pain]. 
 Pain in the abdomen. 
 
 Celian, Celine {se'-le-an, se'-lin). Same as 
 Celiac. 
 
 Celianeurysm {se-le-an' -u-rizm) [celia; aveupuo- 
 p.a, a widening]. An abdominal aneu- 
 rysm. 
 
 Celiectasia (se-le-ek-ta'-ze-ah) [celia; 'inxaocc, 
 a stretching-out]. Abnormal distention of 
 the abdominal cavity. 
 
 Celiectomy {se-le-ek' -to-me) [celia; inxofirj, a 
 cutting]. Excision of an abdominal organ. 
 
 Celiemia {se-le-e' -me-ah) [celia; alp.a, blood]. 
 Hyperemia of the abdominal viscera. 
 
 Celiitis, Coeliitis {se-le-i' -tis) [celia; exec, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the abdom- 
 inal organs. 
 
 Celiocele, Coeliocele {se' -le-o-sel) [celia; ktjXtj, a 
 hernia]. Abdominal hernia. 
 
 Celiodynia, Coeliodynia (se-le-o-din'-e-ah) 
 [celia; dduvq, pain]. Pain in the abdomen. 
 
 Celiogastrotomy (se -le - o - gas - trot'- o - me) 
 [celia; -faoTTip, stomach; xop.r), cutting]. The 
 opening of the stomach through abdominal 
 incision. 
 
 Celiohysterectomy (se-le-o-his-ter-ek f -to-me) 
 [celia; uoxipa, womb; inxopLTj, a cutting out], 
 i. Excision of the uterus through an abdom- 
 inal cut. 2. Porro-cesarean section. 
 
 Celiomyitis, Cceliomyitis (se-le-o-mi-i f -tis) 
 [celia; fiuc, muscle; exec, inflammation]. In- 
 flammation of the muscles of the abdomen. 
 
 Celioschisis (se-le-os'-kis-is). Same as Gastros- 
 chisis. 
 
 Celioscope (se f -le-o-skop) [ko'cXoc, a hollow; 
 oKonelv, to examine]. An apparatus for 
 illuminating and inspecting body-cavities. 
 
 Celioscopy, Ccelioscopy (se-le-os'-ko-pe). Kil- 
 ling's method of examining the peritoneal 
 cavity by filling it with sterile filtered air 
 through a hollow needle, plunging a trocar 
 through the distended abdominal wall, and 
 passing through the trocar a cystoscope by 
 means of which the adjacent peritoneal 
 surface may be inspected. 
 
 Celiotomy {se-le-of -o-me) [celia; xo/jltj, a cut- 
 ting]. Surgical opening of the abdominal 
 cavity. 
 
 Cell (set) [celia, a small, hollow cavity], i. 
 A granular mass of protoplasm containing 
 a nucleus. The typical adult cell consists of 
 protoplasm or cell-contents, a nucleus, and, 
 within the latter, one or more nucleoli. The 
 cell may or may not have a cell-wall. 
 The protoplasm consists of two parts — the 
 spongio plasm and the hyaloplasm. The 
 
 nucleus is made up of a nuclear membrane, 
 nuclear fibrils {chromatin), and nuclear matrix 
 (achromatin). The nucleolus is a highly re- 
 fracting body the function of which is not 
 known. 2. A galvanic element or single 
 member of a galvanic battery without the 
 connecting wire between the metals. C, 
 Acidophil, one which attracts acid dyes. 
 Syn., Oxyphil cell. C.s, Adelomorphous, 
 epithelial cells composing the chief part of 
 the lining of the glands of the stomach, 
 particularly the pyloric region. They are 
 supposed to secrete pepsinogen. Syn,, Cen- 
 tral cell; Peptic cell. C, Adventitial. 1. A 
 branched cell peculiar to the perithelium. 
 2. A stellate cell of the membrana propria 
 of glands. C, Air-. See Air-cell. C.s, 
 Amacrine, spongioblasts of the inner nuclear 
 layer of the retina; they lack long processes, 
 though sometimes axis-cylinder processes are 
 given off which may extend into the nerve- 
 fiber layer. The bodies of these cells are 
 often partly in the inner molecular layer. C, 
 Ameboid, a cell capable of changing its 
 form and of moving about like an ameba. 
 C, Apolar, a nerve-cell without processes. 
 C, Beaker-. See C, Goblet-. C, Binary 
 Nerve-, two pyriform nerve-cells contained 
 in a single sheath and each provided at its 
 pointed end with a single nerve-fiber; these 
 radiate in opposite directions. C, Bone-. 
 See Osteoblast. C, Brush-. See C. of 
 Deilers. C.s, Calcigerous. 1. Cells con- 
 taining earthy salts found in dentin. 2. Mid- 
 ler and Henle's name for the lacunas of bone 
 and their canaliculi. C. -capsule, a thick 
 or unusually strong cell-wall. C.s, Centro- 
 acinar, C.s, Centroacinous, little cellular 
 masses found by Robert Langerhans in the 
 interstitial connective tissue of the pancreas. 
 Syn., Langerhans' islets; Renaufs follicular 
 points. C, Chromatophore, a cavity 
 directly beneath the epidermis containing 
 pigment and changing its shape and color by 
 means of attached radiating muscular bands. 
 C, Ciliated, one provided with cilia. C, 
 Cleavage, a segmentation-cell. C, Col- 
 umnar, one of the elongated cells forming 
 columnar epithelium. C.s, Commissural. 
 Same as C., Heteromeral. C. -cones, the 
 cancer-nests of a squamous epithelioma — 
 so called from their conic shape. C, Con- 
 stant, the galvanic element of a constant 
 battery. C. of Corti, any one of the hair- 
 cells on the outer surface of the organ of 
 Corti. C. -cover, the cuticular layer. C, 
 Cover-. See C, Tegmental. C.,Cylindric, a 
 variety of epithelial cell shaped like a minia- 
 ture cylinder. C, Cytochrome, a nerve-cell 
 having a cell-body very small in proportion 
 to its nucleus. C, Daughter-, a cell originat- 
 ing from the division of the protoplasm of 
 a mother-cell. C.s, Decidual, a proliferation 
 of young connective-tissue cells above the 
 uterine glands taking place after the ovum 
 is impregnated. C. of Deiters, one of the 
 cells with fine processes resting on the basilar 
 
CELL 
 
 256 
 
 CELL 
 
 membrane of the cochlea, beneath the air- 
 cells; also a neuroglia cell. C.s, Delomor- 
 phous, Rollet's name for granular cells 
 which stain deeply, occurring next the 
 basement-membrane in the glands of the 
 stomach in the cardiac region. They are 
 supposed to secrete acid. C.s, Demilune, 
 granular protoplasmic cells found in mucous 
 glands, lying between the mucous cells and 
 the basement-membrane. Syn., Cells of 
 Gianuzzi. C, Dentin, C, Dentinal, i. An 
 odontoblast. 2. One of the lacunas in dentin 
 similar to those in bone. 3. One of the 
 bodies forming the matrix in dentin. C- 
 doctrine, the theory that the cell is the unit 
 of organic structure, and that cell-formation 
 is the essential process of life and its phenom- 
 ena. C, Elementary, an embryonic cell; 
 also a leukocyte. C, Embryo, C, Em- 
 bryonic, one arising from the division of 
 the ovum. Syn., Elementary cell; Forma- 
 tive cell; Primary cell; Primitive cell; Pri- 
 mordial cell. C.s, Embryoplastic, cells 
 originating from the mesoblast and becom- 
 ing stellate or fusiform; they comprise the 
 fixed connective-tissue corpuscles in developing 
 connective tissue. Syn., Fibroplastic bodies 
 or cells. C.s, Endothelial, flat cells found 
 on the inner surface of vessels and spaces 
 that do not communicate directly with the 
 external air. C, Epidermic, C, Epithelial. 
 See Epithelium. C, Epithelioid, one of 
 the flattened cells forming an epithelial or 
 endothelial covering in forms of membranous 
 connective tissue. C.S, Ethmoid, the cellular 
 cavities of the lateral masses of the eth- 
 moid bone. Syn., Ethmoid sinuses. C, 
 External Ciliated. See C. of Corti. C, 
 Fiber-, a cell elongated into a fiber. C, 
 Fibrillated. 1. See Heidenhain's Rods. 
 2. One of the fibrillated cells lining the 
 interlobular ducts of the salivary glands. 
 C. -fission, cell-division. C.s, Follicular. 
 1. Those of which the membrana granulosa 
 is composed. 2. See Sertoli's Columns. 
 C.S, Foule's, large cells containing one or 
 more nuclei as large as or larger than a red 
 blood-corpuscle, with regular or irregular 
 outline; they have been supposed to be 
 diagnostic of malignant ovarian cysts. C, 
 Fusiform, a spindle-cell. C, Ganglion-, 
 a large nerve-cell, especially that found in 
 the spinal ganglions. C., Giant-, large multi- 
 nuclear cells occurring in tuberculosis and 
 other infectious granulomas, in bone, in 
 giant-cell tumors, etc. C. of Gianuzzi. 
 See C.s, Demilune. C.s, Glia-, neu- 
 roglia. C. -globulins, Halliburton's name 
 for forms of globulin that occur in lymph- 
 corpuscles and can be extracted from them 
 by solutions of sodium chlorid. C, Goblet-, 
 an epithelial cell that has been bulged out 
 like a goblet by the presence of mucin. C.S, 
 Golgi's, nerve-cells with very short processes 
 found in the gray matter of the brain and 
 spinal cord. C., Grove, a two-fluid battery 
 cell, the fluids being dilute sulfuric and nitric 
 
 acids and the metals immersed in them respec- 
 tively zinc and platinum. C . , Hecateromeric , 
 C, Hecatomeral, a nerve-cell of the cinerea 
 of the spinal cord whose processes divide into 
 two, one going to each side of the cord. 
 C, Heckle, a prickle-cell. C.s, Heiden- 
 hain's. 1. See C.s, Delomorphous. 2. See 
 C.s, Adelomorphous. C, Heteromeral, C, 
 Heteromeric, a nerve-ceil in the cinerea 
 of the spinal cord, the axons of which 
 pass through one of the commissures and 
 enter the white matter of the other side 
 of the cord. Syn., Commissural cell. C, 
 Histogenetic Wandering, a migratory con- 
 nective-tissue cell or glandular cell; a wan- 
 dering cell that is not a leukocyte. C.s, 
 Horn-, C.s, Horny, those comprising the 
 stratum corneum of the epidermis; they are 
 homogeneous cells containing keratin, and are 
 modified to form nails, hoofs, hair, etc. C.s, 
 Imbricated, those overlapping like roof- 
 tiles. C. -islets, the centers of most active 
 growth in young cellular tissues. They 
 contain the stores of nutriment that are 
 gradually dissolved and digested. C.s, v. 
 Kolliker's. 1. Little cells of the seminiferous 
 tubules which are transformed into spermato- 
 zoa. 2. See Myeloplax. C.s, v. Kolliker's 
 Tract-, ganglion-cells the axons of which 
 pass as longitudinal fibers into the white 
 columns of the spinal cord. C.s, Liver-, 
 nucleated polyhedral or spheroid cells con- 
 taining granules of glycogen and pigment 
 and more or less fat, forming the glandular 
 substance of the liver. C, Locomotive, 
 one endowed with power of movement, 
 especially a ciliated cell. C, Lymphoid, a 
 small, round, connective-tissue cell containing 
 a relatively large nucleus. C.s, Mast-, 
 leukocytes containing coarse basophile gran- 
 ules. They are occasionally present in the 
 peripheral circulation as the result of certain 
 pathologic influences, but are totally foreign 
 to the normal blood of man. They are 
 commonly found in the splenomedullary type 
 of leukemia. The granules of the mast-cell 
 show an intense affinity for basic anilin 
 dyes, toward which they react metachro- 
 matically. In view of their distinctive 
 behavior toward selective stains for 
 mucin, Harris suggests for the mast-cell 
 the term mucinoblast. C.s, Medullary. 1. 
 Marrow-cells. 2. The' ameboid cells of 
 cartilage-bone. C, Mother-, a cell that 
 divides its protoplasm and gives each part 
 a new cell-wall. C, Motor, a nerve-cell 
 generating impulses. C, Mucin-, C, 
 Mucous, C, Mucus-, a cell which secretes 
 mucus, particularly a kind of salivary cell 
 secreting mucus, but no albumin. C- 
 multiplication, cytogenesis, a name given 
 to the process of reproduction of cells. It 
 may be direct, as when a cell constricts and 
 cuts off a part of itself, or indirect, when 
 the division is preceded by the cycle of 
 nuclear changes known as karyokinesis. 
 C.s, Muscle-, a general term for cells the 
 
CELL 
 
 257 
 
 CELL 
 
 substance of which is contractile. C, 
 Myeloid, i. See Myeloplax. 2. Applied, 
 from its resemblance to a cell of the red 
 marrow of bone, to one of the oval multi- 
 nuclear cells of myeloid tumors. C, Naked, 
 one unprovided with a cell-wall. C. -nests, 
 a collection of epithelial cells closely packed 
 together and surrounded by a connective- 
 tissue stroma. Cell-nests are found in car- 
 cinomas. C, Neuroglia, one of the cells of 
 the neuroglia; flat, round cells, especially 
 numerous about blood-vessels and the pia 
 mater. C, Neutrophil. See C, Acidophil. 
 C, Nuclear, a nucleated dendritic nerve- 
 cell. C, Nucleated, a cell containing one 
 or more nuclei. Syn., Karyota. C.s, Oxyntic. 
 See C.s, Delomorphous. C, Oxyphil. See 
 C. , A cidophil. C.s, Palatine , the cells formed 
 by the junction of the palatine and ethmoid 
 bones. C.s, Plasma-. 1. (Of Unna.) 
 Cubic or rhombic cells, the protoplasm of 
 which stains deeply with methylene-blue, 
 while the nucleus, which has usually an 
 eccentric situation, is readily decolorized 
 (by creasote or styrone). They are probably 
 derived from lymphocytes, and play an 
 important part in inflammatory reactions, 
 especially in granulomatous processes. 2. 
 (Of Waldeyer.) Nucleated cells of varying 
 size and shape, with voluminous, coarsely 
 granular protoplasm, found in connective 
 tissue, especially about the blood-vessels. 
 C. -plate. 1. The equatorial plate in which 
 division of the nucleus occurs during karyo- 
 kinesis. 2. (Of Strasburger.) The equato- 
 rial thickening of the spindle -fibers from 
 which the septum arises during the mitosis 
 of plant-cells. C. -plate, Subendothelial, a 
 small granular cell of unknown function 
 occurring in the intima of blood-vessels. 
 C, Porous. 1. One containing an opening 
 in the side. 2. A porous jar containing one 
 of the liquids of a galvanic battery. C, 
 Prickle-. See Prickle-cell. C, Primary. 
 
 1. An embryonic cell. 2. Any undifferen- 
 tiated cell. C, Protective. See C, Teg- 
 mental. C.s, Pseudoplasma, cells found 
 in normal human spleen and differing 
 from plasma-cells in that they are larger, 
 and possess twisted nuclei which do not 
 present the characteristic chromatin arrange- 
 ment. They appear to be a variety of large 
 mononuclear leukocyte, the protoplasm of 
 which has become basophilic. C.s, Ran- 
 vier's, connective -tissue corpuscles occurring 
 in tendon. C, Roof. 1. See C, Tegmental. 
 
 2. One found on the convexity formed by 
 the junction of the two rows of arches in 
 the organ of Corti. C, Salivary, one of 
 those forming the lining of the alveoli of 
 the salivary glands. C.,' Sarcogenic, an 
 embryonic cell which develops into a mus- 
 cular fiber. C, Segmentation. See Blaslo- 
 mere. C.s, Sense-, C.s, Sensory, those 
 adapted for the reception and transmission 
 of sensory impressions. C.s, Sensory Epi- 
 thelial, modified epithelial cells in an organ 
 
 of sense connected with the fibrils of the 
 nerves of that organ. C, Sensory Nerve-, 
 a nerve-cell the axis-cylinder process of which 
 is supposed to be continued as a sensory 
 nerve. C, Septate, one with a septum 
 across its lumen. C, Serous Fat-, a fat- 
 cell occurring in emaciated individuals, in 
 which the fat is reduced to a few small 
 globules and in its place there is a pale 
 protoplasm mixed with a mucoid fluid; the 
 cell is no longer spheric. C, Simple, one 
 which has not undergone differentiation. C, 
 Sister-, one formed simultaneously with 
 another in the division of a mother-cell. 
 C, Sorby Tubercular, for spectroscopic 
 examination of blood. It is a narrow-lumen 
 glass receptacle made of barometer tubing, 
 both ends of which are accurately ground to 
 parallel surfaces, one end being cemented 
 to a small polished glass plate. C- 
 spaces. See Canals of Recklinghausen. C, 
 Spider-. See C. of De iters. C, Spindle-, 
 a cell having a fusiform shape. C, Spiral 
 Fiber-, a motor cell of the heart, having a 
 spiral fiber coiled around a larger straight 
 one. These separate, after a short distance, 
 proceeding in different directions. The cell 
 constantly disengages the excitation which 
 the spiral fiber transmits to the heart-muscle. 
 Syn., Beale's cell; Spiral fiber ganglion-cell. 
 C.s, Splanchnic, those of the splanchnic 
 layer of the mesoderm. C.s, Squamous, a 
 variety of epithelial cells found on the surface 
 of the skin and certain mucous membranes 
 and. characterized by their scale-like flatness. 
 C. -stations, cells in the sympathetic gan- 
 glion around which the nerve -fibers arborize. 
 C., Sterile, one occurring in a reproductive 
 organ, but not participating in reproductive 
 processes. C.s, Stilling's, groups of multi- 
 polar cells near the gray commissure in the 
 posterior cornua of the cervical and lumbar 
 spinal cord. They correspond to Clarke's 
 vesicular column. C.s, Stroma, those form- 
 ing the mass of an organ. C, Swarm, a 
 naked ciliated cell. C., Sympathetic, a 
 nerve-cell of the sympathetic nervous system 
 as distinguished from one of the cerebrospinal 
 system. C, Tapetal, C, Tapetum, one 
 which forms or aids others in forming an 
 investment over an organ. C, Tegmental, 
 one covering and protecting another cell of 
 special function, as, e. g., those forming 
 the outer layer of the taste-buds. Syn., 
 Cover-cell. C, Twin, a single cell resulting 
 from the fusion of two cells. C, Two- 
 fluid, a galvanic element in which two fluids 
 are used. C, Vasofactive, C, Vasoforma- 
 tive, a cell that anastomoses with other 
 similar cells so as to form blood-vessels. 
 C.s, Vortex, Meyer's term for cortex cells 
 which show a peculiar whorl-like and very 
 regular arrangement of the chromophilic 
 material. C.-wall, the membrane surround- 
 ing a cell. C, Wandering, a leukocyte. C, 
 Whip-, a cell furnished with flagella. C, 
 Zinc-carbon, a galvanic cell in which zinc 
 
CELLOIDIN 
 
 258 
 
 CENTER 
 
 and carbon are the two elements employed. 
 C, Zinc-copper, a galvanic cell in which 
 zinc and copper are the elements employed. 
 
 Celloidin (sel-oid' -in) [cell; eldoc, form]. A 
 concentrated form of collodion for use in 
 embedding objects for histologic purposes. 
 
 Cellular (sel'-u-lar) [cell]. Relating to or com- 
 posed of cells. C. Pathology. See Pathol- 
 ogy, Cellular. 
 
 Cellule (sel'-ul) [cellula, a small cell]. A small 
 cell. 
 
 Cellulic {sel'-u-lik). Relating to cells; derived 
 from cell-walls by action of acids or alkalis. 
 
 Cellulicidal {sel-u-lis' -id-al) [cellule; ccedere, to 
 kill]. Destructive to cells. 
 
 Cellulifugal {sel-u-li}' -u-gal) [cellule; fugere,^ to 
 flee]. Pertaining to the transmission of im- 
 pulses from a nerve-cell. 
 
 Cellulipetal {sel-u-lip f -e-tal) [cellule; petere, to 
 seek]. Relating to the transmission of im- 
 pulses toward a nerve -cell. 
 
 Cellulitis (sel-u-li' -tis) [cellule; exec, inflam- 
 mation]. A diffuse inflammation of cellular 
 tissue. Syn., Ethmyphytis. C, Ischiorec- 
 tal, inflammation of the cellular tissue lying 
 below the anal levator muscle or anal fascia. 
 C, Pelvic. See Parametritis. C, Pneu- 
 mococcous, that due to the invasion of pneu- 
 mococci. 
 
 Celluloadipose (sel-u-lo-ad'-ip-oz). Relating 
 to loose connective tissue containing fat-cells. 
 
 Cellulocutaneous {sel-u-lo-ku-ta' -ne-us) [cel- 
 lule; cutis, skin]. Relating to cellular tissue 
 and the skin. 
 
 Cellulofibrinous (sel-u-lo-fi' -brin-us) . Both cel- 
 lular and fibrinous. 
 
 Cellulosa (sel-u-lo'-sah) [L.]. A cellular coat. 
 C. chorioideae, the external layer of the 
 choroid coat of the eye. 
 
 Cellulose (sel'-u-los) [cellule], C^H^Ok,. Wood- 
 fiber; lignose, the principal ingredient of the 
 cell-membranes of all plants. It is a white, 
 amorphous mass, insoluble in most of the 
 usual solvents. C, Reagent for. See 
 Schultze, Schweitzer. 
 
 Cellulosity (sel-u-los'-e-te). The condition of 
 being cellular. 
 
 Celom, Celoma (se'-lom, se-lo'-maK) [KoiAcofia, 
 a cavity]. The embryonic body -cavity. 
 
 Celosis (se-lo'-sis) [ko'cXoc, hollow]. The 
 formation of any cavity. C, Endocytic, 
 the formation of a cavity within a cell. C, 
 Paracytic, the formation of a cavity between 
 cells. 
 
 Celosoma (se-lo-so'-mah) [ko'cXoc, hollow: oajfia, 
 the body]. A species of single autositic mon- 
 sters characterized by more or less extensive 
 body-cleft, with eventration, associated with 
 various anomalies of the extremities, of the 
 genitourinary apparatus, of the intestinal 
 tract, and even of the whole trunk. 
 
 Celotomy (se-lot'-o-me) [ktjXtj, hernia; revive cv, 
 to cut]. The operation for strangulated 
 hernia by incision of the stricture. 
 
 Celsus'Area. Alopecia areata. C.'s Chancre, 
 the soft chancre or chancroid. C.'s Kerion, 
 suppurating ringworm, a pustular inflamma- 
 
 tion of the hair -follicles of the scalp in tinea 
 tonsurans. C.'s Papules, a form of acute 
 papular eczema (lichen agrius). 
 
 Cement (sem'-ent) [ccementum, a rough stone]. 
 i. Any plastic material capable of becoming 
 hard and of binding together the objects that 
 are contiguous to it. 2. Filling-material for 
 the teeth; the crusta petrosa of the teeth. 
 C.-substance, the substance holding together 
 the endothelial cells of the intima of blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Cementation (sem-en-ta' -shun) [cement]. 1. 
 A process of causing a chemic change 
 in a substance by surrounding it with the 
 powder of other substances and exposing 
 the whole to red heat in a closed vessel for 
 a length of time. 2. In biology, the con- 
 crescence of hyphae. 
 
 Cementum (se-ment'-um). A layer of bone 
 developed by ossification of the dental fol- 
 licle over the root of the tooth. It differs 
 from ordinary bone by the greater number 
 of Sharpey's fibers in it. Its development 
 begins on the milk-teeth during the fifth 
 month. 
 
 Cenadelphus, Ccenadelphus {sen-a-del' -}us) 
 [kocvoc, common; ddeX^oc, a brother]. A 
 double monster with the halves equally de- 
 veloped or having one or more vital organs 
 in common. 
 
 Cenencephalocele (sen-en-sef -al-o-sel). See 
 Kenencephalocele. 
 
 Cenesthesia (sen-es-the'-ze-ah). See Kenes- 
 thesia. 
 
 Cenesthesis (sen-es-the' '-sis) . See Kenesthesis. 
 
 Cenosis (sen-o'-sis). See Kenosis. 
 
 Cenotic (sen-ot'-ik). See Kenotic. 
 
 Centaurea {sen-taw' -re-ah) [nhzaupoc, centaur]. 
 A genus of composite-flowered herbs. See 
 Carduus. 
 
 Centaury {sen' -taw-re) [centaurea]. A popular 
 name for various plants of the genera Cen- 
 taurea, Erythrcea, Sabbatia, Chlora, etc., 
 especially Erythrcea centaurium, which is 
 used as a simple, bitter tonic. Dose ^-1 
 dr. (2-4 Cc.) in decoction several times a day. 
 Unof. 
 
 Center (sen'-ter) [centrum, the center]. 1. The 
 middle point of any surface or of a body. 
 2. The ganglion or plexus whence issue the 
 nerves controlling a function. C, Accel- 
 erating, a center in the medulla sending 
 accelerating fibers to the heart. These leave 
 the cord through the branches of communica- 
 tion of the lower cervical and upper six dorsal 
 nerves, passing thence into the sympathetic. 
 C, Anovesical, one in the spinal cord near 
 the point of origin of the third and fourth 
 sacral nerves. Incontinence of urine and 
 feces is due to paralysis of this center. C, 
 Arm, the cortical center controlling the 
 movement of the arm, supposed to be in the 
 cortex occupying the middle third of the 
 anterior and posterior central gyri as well 
 as the base of the superior and middle frontal 
 gyri. C, Articulate Language, the speech- 
 coordinating center, which is supposed to 
 
CENTER 
 
 259 
 
 CENTER 
 
 include Broca's gyrus, the anterior gyri of 
 the insula, the intervening cortical area, the 
 supramarginal gyrus, the first temporal 
 gyrus, and the angular gyrus. C, Auditory, 
 a center in the first temporosphenoid con- 
 volution upon each side. C, Broca's. 
 See C, Speech. C, Cardiac, i. One in the 
 lower cervical and upper dorsal portions of 
 the spinal cord which controls the move- 
 ments of the heart. 2. That portion of the 
 oblongata embracing" the cardioaccelerator 
 and cardioinhibitory centers. C, Cardio- 
 accelerator, that of the spinal cord which 
 through the cardiac nerves and plexus sends 
 impulses to the heart, causing it to beat 
 more rapidly. These impulses are not con- 
 stantly emitted, as are the inhibitory im- 
 pulses which travel by the pneumogastric. 
 C, Cardioinhibitory, in the medulla, 
 efferent impulses being carried by the 
 vagus. C, Cerebral Inspiratory, one said 
 to exist in the thalamus, which by direct 
 stimulation causes deeper and more rapid 
 inspirations. C, Cerebrospinal, the cere- 
 brospinal axis. C, Ciliospinal, connected 
 with the dilation of the pupil; it is in the 
 lower cervical part of the cord, and extends 
 downward from the first to the third 
 dorsal. C, Color, a center for perception 
 of colors, said to be situated in the occipital 
 cortex anterior to the apical region. C, 
 Convulsional, a hypothetic center said to 
 lie in the floor of the fourth ventricle. C, 
 Coordinating, the cerebellum, the ganglions 
 at the base of the brain, and in some degree 
 the cinerea of the spinal cord, are regarded 
 as controlling coordination. C, Cortical, 
 the parts of the cerebral cortex concerned 
 in motor, sensory, and psychic functions. C, 
 Coughing, in the medulla, above the inspi- 
 ratory center. C, Deglutition. See C., 
 Swallowing. C, Deputy, a secondary gan- 
 glion-cell in the spinal cord; also a nucleus 
 of one of the cranial nerves. C, Diabetic, 
 in the posterior part of the anterior half of 
 the floor of the fourth ventricle, in the median 
 line. C, Erection. See C, Genitourinary. 
 C, Excitomotor, the sensitive centers of 
 the brain considered as one; these are the 
 crura, the pons, the oblongata, the deeper 
 parts of the cerebellum, and the corpora 
 quadrigemina. C.s, Facial Movement, one 
 in the ascending frontal gyrus and one in 
 the angular gyrus. C, Genitourinary, 
 one in the lumbar portion of the spinal 
 cord, but controlled from the medulla, 
 controlling erection of the penis and emis- 
 sion of semen. C, Glycogenic, the 
 diabetic center. C, Half -vision, one in 
 the apex of the occipital lobe, receiving im- 
 pressions from corresponding halves of the 
 two retinas. C, Head and Neck Move- 
 ment, one in the posterior end of the second 
 frontal gyrus and in the corresponding part 
 of the first frontal gyrus. C, Heat-regu- 
 lating, C, Temperature, the center for the 
 control of body-temperature. See C, Ther- 
 
 motaxic. C, Higher Visual, one regarded 
 as lying in the angular gyrus, in which there 
 is effected a combination of the impressions 
 received from the half-vision centers, making 
 a complete image. C, Hitzig's, a center 
 in the supramarginal gyrus which is supposed 
 to govern the voluntary movements of the 
 eyeballs. C.s of Inhibition, C.s, Inhibitory. 
 See C.s 0} Moderation. C., Inspiratory. 
 1. A reflex center in the oblongata forming 
 part of the respiratory center. 2. See C, 
 Cerebral Inspiratory. 3. A reflex center in 
 the postgeminum. C, Intracardiac, three 
 small nerve-ganglions connected with the 
 cardiac plexus, to which is due the automatic 
 beating of the heart after separation from 
 the body. C, Kinesthetic, one in the third 
 left frontal convolution presiding over the 
 motor element in speech. C, Laryngeal 
 Cortical, one in the posterior end of the 
 inferior frontal gyrus. C, Leg, one in the 
 upper portion of the ascending frontal con- 
 volution. C. for Mastication and Suck- 
 ing, one in the medulla. C, Median (of 
 Luys) . See Nucleus of Luys. C . , Medullary. 
 1. The interior white matter of the cerebral 
 hemispheres. 2. See C, Neural. C.s of 
 Moderation, C.s, Moderator, nervous cen- 
 ters in the spinal cord and the cerebral 
 peduncle which restrain, generally by reflex 
 action, various functions of the body. C, 
 Motor, a nervous center controlling motion. 
 C, Musculotonic, that which is continually 
 discharging impulses which keep the muscular 
 system in a condition of slight contraction. 
 It is regarded by some as a special center 
 of the cord, but it is questionable whether 
 this condition is attributable to any special 
 center rather than to the action of all 
 those cells whose function it is to send 
 out motor impulses. C, Nerve-, C, Ner- 
 vous, any group of nerve -cells acting in 
 unison for the performance of some func- 
 tion. C, Neural, in the embryo, that part 
 of the epiblast ultimately developing into 
 the brain and spinal cord. C, Nutrition. 
 See C, Trophic. C, Olfactory, probably 
 in the hippocampal region of the temporal 
 lobe. C, Opisthotic, the center of ossifica- 
 tion of petrous bone. Huxley's name for 
 the part of the periotic cartilage surrounding 
 the fenestra rotunda and the cochlea. C. 
 of Ossification, the place in bones at which 
 ossification begins. C, Parenchymatous 
 Nerve-, Korner's name for a nerve-cell 
 existing in the substance of an organ and 
 controlling its action. C, Parturition, in 
 the spinal cord, at the level of the first and 
 second lumbar vertebras. C, Peristaltic, 
 one in the oblongata controlling peristalsis. 
 C, Phonation. See C, Laryngeal Cortical. 
 C, Psychomotor, that portion of the cortex 
 from which motor impulses originate. C, 
 Psychosmic, the olfactory center. C, 
 Reflex, any nerve-cell or group of cells in 
 the brain, cord, or ganglionic system which 
 receives an impression through centripetal 
 
CENTERING 
 
 260 
 
 CENTRODORSAL 
 
 nerve-fibers and transforms it into an impulse 
 which is transmitted through centrifugal 
 nerve-fibers. C, Respiratory, in the me- 
 dulla, between the nuclei of the vagus and 
 accessorius. C. for Secretion of Saliva, 
 on the floor of the fourth ventricle. C, 
 Setschenow's, a hypothetic reflex-inhibitory 
 center in the brain; in the frog it is located 
 in the optic lobes. C, Sneezing, in the 
 medulla. C, Spasm, in the medulla, at its 
 junction with the pons. C, Speech, in the 
 third left frontal convolution in right-handed 
 people; probably the island of Reil has some 
 influence also. C, Sudoral. See C, Sweat. 
 C, Supreme, Spitzka's name for the cortical 
 centers of the brain as a whole. C, Swal- 
 lowing, on the floor of the fourth ventricle. 
 C, Sweat, the dominating center is in the 
 medulla, with subordinate centers in the 
 spinal cord. C, Tactile, one for the sense 
 of touch, located by Ferrier in the hippo- 
 campus and the gyrus hippocampus. C, 
 Thermal Cortical, one discovered in the 
 cerebral cortex of the dog, stimulation of 
 which caused a change in the temperature 
 of the opposite limbs. C, Thermoexcito-, 
 C, Thermogenic, i. A hypothetic center 
 of the cord concerned in the changes in 
 body -temperature. 2. The mesial portion 
 of the striatum and the parts directly beneath 
 it. C, Thermotaxic, six heat-regulating 
 cerebral centers; of the four principal centers, 
 one is located in the caudatum, one in the 
 subjacent cinerea, one in the cinerea surround- 
 ing the most anterior portion of the third 
 ventricle, and one at the anterior inner 
 extremity of the thalamus. C, Trophic, a 
 nerve-center regulating nutrition. C, Upper, 
 for Dilator pupillae, in the medulla. C.s, 
 Vascular, C.s, Vasoconstrictor, centers in 
 the cord controlling the contractility of the 
 smaller blood-vessels. C, Vasodilator, in 
 the medulla. C, Vasomotor, in the me- 
 dulla. C, Visual, in the occipital lobe, 
 especially in the cuneus. C, Vomiting, 
 an area in the oblongata concerned in the 
 reflex act of vomiting; stimulation of the 
 terminal filaments of the vagi excites its 
 action. C, Winking, the reflex center con- 
 cerned in winking, situated in the oblongata. 
 C.s, Word-. 1. One in the left superior 
 temporosphenoid gyrus controlling the per- 
 ception of words heard. 2. A center in the 
 posterior part of the left parietal lobe 
 and one in the second left frontal gyrus gov- 
 erning the perception of printed or written 
 words. 
 
 Centering {sen'-ter-ing) [center]. In micro- 
 scopy, the arrangement of an object or an 
 accessory so that its center coincides with 
 the optic axis of the microscope. In optics, 
 having the pupil and the optic center of the 
 refracting lens in the same axis. 
 
 Centesimal {sen-tes' -im-al) [centum, a hundred]. 
 In the proportion of 1 to 100. 
 
 Centesis {sen-te' -sis) [nevT-qocc, a pricking]. 
 Puncture; perforation. 
 
 Centi- (sen-ti-) [centum]. A prefix meaning 
 one hundred. 
 
 Centifidous {sen-tif -id-us) [centi-; findere, to 
 split]. Cleft into many or 100 parts. 
 
 Centigrade {sen'-te-grdd) [centi-; gradus, 
 sl step]. Having 100 divisions or degrees. 
 Abbreviation, C. C. Thermometer, a ther- 
 mometer with zero as the freezing-point 
 and ioo° as the boiling-point of water. 
 See under Thermometer. 
 
 Centigram {sen' -te -gram) [centi-; ypdufxa, a 
 small weight]. The hundredth part of a gram, 
 equal to 0.154328 grain troy. 
 
 Centiliter {sen' -til-e-ter) [centi-; X'apa, a 
 pound]. The hundredth part of a liter, 
 equal to 0.6102 of a cubic inch. 
 
 Centimeter {sen' -tim-e-ter) [centi-; fxkxpov, a 
 measure]. The hundredth part of a meter, 
 equal to 0.3937 ( or about -f) of an inch. 
 
 Centinormal {sen-te-nor'-mal) [centi-; norma, 
 normal]. The t ^q °f the normal; applied 
 to a solution the t ^q of the strength of a 
 normal solution. 
 
 Centrad {sen' -trad) [centrum; ad, to]. Toward 
 the center, or toward the median line. 
 
 Central {sen'-tral) [centrum]. Relating to the 
 center; passing through the center. C. 
 Artery, an artery in the optic nerve and 
 retina; it passes to the optic papilla and then 
 divides. See under Artery. C. Ganglions, the 
 corpora striata and optic thalami. C. Liga- 
 ment, the terminal filum of the spinal cord. 
 C. Lobe, the island of Reil. 
 
 Centrality {sen-tral'-it-e). Applied to the con- 
 dition of nervous phenomena originating in 
 the central nervous system and not in the 
 peripheral nerves. 
 
 Centraphose, Centrophose {sen'-trah-fos, sen'- 
 tro-foz). See under Phose. 
 
 Centric {sen'-trik) [centrum]. Relating to a 
 center, especially to a nerve-center. 
 
 Centrifugal {sen-lrif -u-gal) [centrum; fugere, 
 to flee]. Receding from the center to the 
 periphery. C. Machine, one by which tubes 
 of liquid are rapidly revolved for the pur- 
 pose of driving particles floating in the 
 liquid to the distal ends of the tubes. 
 
 Centrifugalization {sen-trif-u-gal-iz-a' -shun) 
 [see Centrifugal]. The use of a centrifuge. 
 
 Centrifuge {sen' -trif-uf) [see Centrifugal]. A 
 centrifugal machine; an apparatus for separ- 
 ating substances by centrifugal force. 
 
 Centriole {sen' -tre-ol) [centrum]. Boveri's term 
 for a minute body, central horn, contained 
 within the centrosome; in some cases it is 
 not distinguishable from the latter. 
 
 Centripetal {sen-trip' -et-al) [centrum; petere, 
 to seek]. Traveling toward the center from 
 
 - the periphery. 
 
 Centro- {sen-tro-) [centrum]. A prefix meaning 
 central. 
 
 Centrodesmus {sen-tro-des'-mus) [centro-; 
 deofioc, a band]. Heidenhain's term for the 
 band primarily connecting the centrosomes 
 and giving rise to the central spindle. 
 
 Centrodorsal {sen-tro-dor' -sal) . Pertaining to 
 the central dorsal region. 
 
CENTROLECITHAL 
 
 261 
 
 CEPHALOPAGUS 
 
 Centrolecithal (sen-tro-les' -ith-al) [centro-; 
 U/aOof, yolk]. In embryology, having the 
 food-yolk located centrally. 
 
 Centrosclerosis, Centroosteosclerosis (sen- 
 tr o -skier -o' -sis, sen-tr o-os-te-o -skier -o' -sis) [cen- 
 tro-; sclerosis]. Osteosclerosis of the central 
 cavities of bones. 
 
 Centrosome (scn'-tro-som) [centro-; aoj/xa, 
 body]. i. A highly refractive body lying 
 in the protoplasm of the ovum and other 
 cells, and taking an active part in cell- 
 division. Syn., Pole-capsule. 2. An or- 
 gan of the cell, usually diminutive, lying 
 within the nucleus or near by in the 
 cytoreticulum. It is regarded as the espe- 
 cial organ of cell-division, and in this sense 
 as the dynamic center of the cell. Syn., 
 Attraction-particle; Daughter -periplast; Polar 
 corpuscle. C.s, Quadrille of, the conjuga- 
 tion of paternal with maternal centrosomes, 
 based upon the view that each germ -cell con- 
 tributes a centrosome that divides into two 
 daughter-centrosomes. Syn., Quadrille of 
 centers. 
 
 Centrosphere (sen'-tro-sfer). See Sphere 0} At- 
 traction. 
 
 Centrostaltic (sen-tro-stal f -tik) [centro-; oxalate, 
 constriction]. Relating to the action of ner- 
 vous force in a spinal center. C. Motion, the 
 motion of nervous force in the spinal center. 
 
 Centrum (sen'-trum) [L.]. 1. The center or 
 middle 'part; the body of a vertebra, exclu- 
 sive of the bases of the neural arches. 2. A 
 spine; a pointed projection. C. cinereum, 
 the gray commissure of the spinal cord. C. 
 commune, the solar plexus. C. geminum, 
 the capsula. C. ovale majus, the large 
 mass of white matter appearing when either 
 of the cerebral hemispheres is cut down to 
 the level of the corpus callosum. C. ovale 
 minus, the white matter appearing when 
 the upper part of a hemisphere of the brain 
 is removed. C. ovale vieussenii, the cen- 
 tral white matter seen on making a section 
 of the brain at the level of the upper surface 
 of the callosum. Syn., Centrum medullar e; 
 Centrum ovale majus ct minus; Centrum 
 semiovale vieussenii; Centrum ovale 0} Vicq 
 d'Azyr; Medulla; Tegmentum ventriculorum. 
 C. rubrum. See Nucleus tegmenta. 
 
 Cephaelin (sef-a'-el-in). See Emetin. 
 
 Cephaelis (sef-a'-cl-is). See Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Cephal- (sef-al-). See Cephalo-. 
 
 Cephalad (sef'-al-ad) [cephal-; ad, to]. Toward 
 the head. 
 
 Cephalalgia (sef-al-aV-je-ah) [cephal-; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Headache. 
 
 Cephalanthus (scf-al-an'-thus) [cephal-; avQog, 
 a flower]. . A genus of rubiaceous plants. 
 C. occidentalis is the button-bush or crane- 
 willow of North America; its bitter bark is 
 laxative and tonic and is used in periodic 
 fevers and paralysis. The bark contains 
 ccphalin, cephaletin, and a toxic principle 
 cephalanthin, which, according to Mohrberg, 
 causes destruction of the red blood-cor- 
 puscles, vomiting, convulsions, and paralysis. 
 
 Cephaledema, Cephalcedema {sef-al-e-de'- 
 mah) [cephal-; oede'ev, to swell]. Edema of 
 the head; cerebral edema. 
 
 Cephalhematocele {sef-al-hem-af -o-seT) [ceph- 
 al-; hematocele]. A hematocele situated 
 beneath the scalp, and communicating with 
 a dural sinus. C., Stromeyer's, subperi- 
 osteal cephalhematoma, communicating with 
 veins and becoming tensely filled during 
 strong expiratory efforts. 
 
 Cephalhematoma (sef - al - hem -at-o' - mah) 
 [cephal-; hematoma]. 1. A collection of 
 blood beneath the pericranium, forming a 
 tumor-like swelling. 2. Caput succedaneum. 
 C, External, an effusion between the 
 pericranium and the skull. C, Internal, 
 an effusion between the dura and the 
 skull. 
 
 Cephalic (sef-aV-ik) [Kecfyali), head]. 1. Per- 
 taining to the head. 2. Any remedy for 
 headache. C. Index. See Index, Cephalic. 
 C. Version. See Version, Cephalic. 
 
 Cephalitis (sef-al-i'-tis). See Encephalitis. C. 
 aegyptiaca, an epidemic form of encephalitis 
 occurring in Egypt during the hot winds of 
 early summer. C. littriana, inflammation of 
 the epiphyses. C. meningica, meningitis. 
 C. nervosa, pertussis. 
 
 Cephalo- (sef-al-o-). A prefix denoting relating 
 to the head. 
 
 Cephaloclasia (sef-al-o-kla'-ze-ah). See Ceph- 
 alotripsy. 
 
 Cephalodynia (sef-al-o-din'-e-ah) [cephalo-; 
 douvrj, pain]. Rheumatism affecting the oc- 
 cipitofrontalis muscle, the pain being chiefly 
 experienced in the forehead or occiput, and 
 at times involving the eyeballs. 
 
 Cephalogaster (sef-al-o-gas'-ter) [cephalo-; 
 yaazrjp, stomach]. The anterior division of 
 the enteric canal, as in certain parasitic 
 worms, where it is continued into a second 
 division, the typhlosole. 
 
 Cephalohemometer (sef-al-o-hcm-om' -et-er) 
 [cephalo-; al/ia, blood; uirpov, a measure]. 
 An instrument for noting changes in the intra- 
 cranial blood-pressure. 
 
 Cephalology (sef-al-ol'-o-je) [cephalo-; Xbyog, 
 science]. The science of cranial measure- 
 ments and indications. 
 
 Cephalomelus (sef-al-om'-el-us) [cephalo-; 
 fiiAoc, a part]. A form of double monster 
 in which there is a supernumerary limb at- 
 tached to the head. 
 
 Cephalomenia (sef-al-o-mc'-ne-ah) [cephalo-; 
 firjv, a month]. Vicarious menstruation 
 through the nose. 
 
 Cephalometer (sef-al-om' -et-er) [cephalo-; 
 ptirpov, a measure]. An instrument for meas- 
 uring the head. 
 
 Cephalomyitis (sef-al-o-mi-i f -tis) [cephalo-; 
 fide, a muscle; tuc, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the muscles of the head. 
 
 Cephalonia (sef-al-o' -ne-ah) [Ke(f>aXr), head]. 
 Macrocephaly with hypertrophy of the brain. 
 
 Cephalopagus (sef-al-op'-ag-us) [cephalo-; 
 Kayetc, joined]. A double monstrosity having 
 the heads united at the top. 
 
CEPHALOPHARYNGEUS 
 
 262 
 
 CEREBRIN 
 
 Cephalopharyngeus (sef-al-o-far-in'-je-us). i. 
 Relating to the head and pharynx. 2. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Cephaloplegia (sef-al-o-ple f -je-ah) [cephalo-; 
 7tXr)fT), a stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles 
 about the head and face. 
 
 Cephalorachidian (sef-al-o-rak-id'-e-an). Same 
 as Cerebrospinal. 
 
 Cephaloscopy {sef-al-os' -ko-pe) [cephalo-; 
 onoTielv, to examine]. 1. Auscultation of the 
 head. 2. Examination of the head with a 
 view to ascertaining the condition of the 
 mental faculties. 
 
 Cephalothoracopagus (sef-al-o-tho-rak-op'-ag- 
 us) [cephalo-; dd>pa£, thorax; nafecc, joined]. 
 A double-headed monster with united thoraxes 
 and necks. These monsters are divided by 
 Veit into prosopothoracopagus and synce- 
 phalus. 
 
 Cephalotomy {sef-al-ot'-o-me) [cephalo-; to/it), 
 section]. The opening or division of the head 
 of the fetus to facilitate labor. 
 
 Cephalotribe {se}' -al-o-trlb) [cephalo-; rpcfiscv, 
 to crush]. An instrument for crushing the 
 fetal head. 
 
 Cephalotridymus (sef-al-o-trid' -im-us) [ceph- 
 alo-; rptdu/xoc, triple]. A three-headed mon- 
 ster. 
 
 Cephalotripsy (sef ' -al-o-trip-se) [cephalo-; 
 rp~c(!)cc, a crushing]. The operation of crush- 
 ing the fetal head when delivery is other- 
 wise impossible. 
 
 Cephalotrypesis {sef-al-o-tri-pe'-sis) [cephalo-; 
 Tpun-qocc;, a boring]. A trephining of the 
 skull. 
 
 Ceptor {sep'-tor) [capere, to take]. A term 
 suggested by Ehrlich in place of intermediary 
 body. According to the manner of action he 
 distinguishes uniceptors and amboceptors. 
 
 Cera (se'-rah) [L.]. Wax. A mixture of cero- 
 tic acid, cerolein, and myricin, gathered by 
 the honey-bee from the pollen of flowers and 
 the leaves of plants. C. alba (U. S. P.), white 
 wax, prepared by bleaching yellow wax. It 
 is valuable as an ingredient of cerates and 
 ointments. C. flava (U. S. P.), yellow wax: 
 it possesses an agreeable balsamic odor, 
 and is soluble in ether, in hot alcohol, and in 
 chloroform. 
 
 Cerasin {ser'-as-in) [cerasus, a cherry-tree]. 1. 
 An ingredient of the gum of cherry-, peach-, 
 and plum-trees, apparently identical with 
 bassorin. 2. A crude precipitate from tinc- 
 ture of choke-cherry. 
 
 Cerate {se'-rat) [cera]. In pharmacy, an unc- 
 tuous preparation consisting of wax mixed 
 with oils, fatty substances, or resins, and of 
 such a consistence that at ordinary tempera- 
 tures it can be readily spread upon linen or 
 muslin, and yet is so firm that it will 
 not melt or run when applied to the skin. 
 C, Camphor. See Camphor Cerate. 
 C, Cantharides. See Cantharides Cer- 
 ate. C.,- Goulard's. See Goulard's Cerate. 
 C. of Lead Subacetate. See Goulard's 
 Cerate. C, Rosin. See Rosin Cerate. C, 
 Rosin, Compound. See Rosin Cerate, 
 
 Compound. C, Touch, a lubricant used 
 in vaginal inspection, consisting of sper- 
 maceti, white wax, and caustic soda, each, 1 
 part; olive-oil, 16 parts. Syn., Ceratum pro- 
 tactu. 
 
 Cerated [se'-ra-ted) [cera]. Coated with wax. 
 
 Cerato- (ser-at-o-). See Kerato-. 
 
 Ceratonia {ser-at-o' -ne-ah) [Ksparcovm]. 1. A 
 genus of leguminous trees. 2. The fruit of 
 C. siliqua, the carob-tree, a native of 
 the regions about the Mediterranean. The 
 falcate, fleshy pods, called carob-pods, sugar- 
 pods, and St. John's bread, are demul- 
 cent and pectoral and contain carobin, caro- 
 bone, and carobic acid. They are used as 
 food and form the chief constituent of much 
 of the patented food for cattle. The seeds 
 are used as a substitute for coffee. 
 
 Ceratum {se'-ra-tum). See Cerate. 
 
 Cercomonad (ser-kom'-o-nad). A member of 
 the genus Cercomonas. 
 
 Cercomonas {ser-kom'-o-nas) [nkpnoc;, tail; 
 fiovac, monad]. A genus of flagellate infu- 
 sorians. C. intestinalis, a protozoon, occa- 
 sionally found in the fecal discharges of pa- 
 tients suffering with typhoid fever, chronic 
 diarrhea, or cholera. Its pathologic signifi- 
 cance has not yet been ascertained. 
 
 Cerea flexibilitas {se'-re-ah fleks-ib-il'-il-as). 
 That condition of muscular tension in the 
 insane in which the limbs may be molded 
 into any position. 
 
 Cereal {se'-re-al) [Ceres, the goddess of agri- 
 culture]. 1. Relating to edible grains. 2. 
 Any edible grain. 
 
 Cerealin [se-re'-al-in). An enzym converting 
 starch into glucose, isolated from brain- 
 extract. 
 
 Cerebellar (ser-e-bel'-ar) [cerebrum]. Relating to 
 the cerebellum. C. Tonsil. See Amygdala (2). 
 
 Cerebellifugal {ser-e-bel-i]' -u-gal) [cerebrum; 
 fugere, to flee]. Tending from the cerebrum. 
 
 Cerebellipetal {ser-e-bel-ip'-e-tal) [cerebrum; 
 petere, to seek]. Tending toward the cere- 
 brum. 
 
 Cerebellum {ser-e-bel f -um) [dim. of cerebrum]. 
 The inferior part of the brain lying below 
 the cerebrum and above the pons and me- 
 dulla. It consists of two lateral lobes and a 
 middle lobe. 
 
 Cerebral (ser'-e-bral) [cerebrum]. Relating to 
 the cerebrum. C. Fornix. See Fornix, Cere- 
 bral. C. Gyri, the convolutions of the brain. 
 C. Index. See Index, Cerebral. C. Pneumo- 
 nia. See Pneumonia, Cerebral. C. Ves- 
 icles, the embryonic vesicles from which the 
 brain is developed. 
 
 Cerebrasthenia (ser-e-bras-the' '-ne-ah) [cere- 
 brum; asthenia]. Cerebral asthenia; cere- 
 bral neurasthenia. 
 
 Cerebration {ser-e-bra'-shun) [cerebrum]. Men- 
 tal activity. C, Unconscious, mental activ- 
 ity of which the subject is not conscious. 
 
 Cerebriform {ser-e' -bre-form) . See Cerebroid. 
 
 Cerebrin {ser' -e-brin) [cerebrum]. 1. C^Hgg- 
 N0 3 . A nitrogenous glucosid obtained 
 from brain-tissue, nerves, and pus-corpuscles. 
 
CEREBRITIS 
 
 263 
 
 CERUSE 
 
 It is a light, colorless, exceedingly hygro- 
 scopic powder. 2. A preparation from the 
 gray matter of the brain of sheep and calves, 
 made with equal parts of glycerol and 0.5 % 
 of phenol solution. It has been used in 
 chorea. Dose 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc). Syn., 
 Cerebrin-alpha; Cerebrinin. 3. A proprietary 
 antineuralgic elixir, said to contain anal- 
 gesin, ether, caffein, and cocain. 
 
 Cerebritis {ser-e-bri'-tis) [cerebrum; tree, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the proper 
 substance of the cerebrum. C, Local, soft- 
 ening of the brain. 
 
 Cerebro- (se-re-bro-) [cerebrum]. A prefix denot- 
 ing relating to the cerebrum. 
 
 Cerebrocardiac (ser-e-bro-kar' '-de-ak) [cerebro-; 
 napd'ca, the heart]. Applied to diseases charac- 
 terized by both cerebral and cardiac symptoms. 
 
 Cerebroid (ser'-e-broid) [cerebro-; eWoc, like- 
 ness]. Resembling brain-substance. 
 
 Cerebrology {ser-e-brol'-o-je) [cerebro-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of the brain; enceph- 
 alology. 
 
 Cerebromalacia {ser-e-bro-mal-a'-se-ah) [cere- 
 bro-; ualaKia, softness]. Softening of the 
 brain tissue. 
 
 Cerebrometer {ser-e-brom' -et-er) [cerebro- ; 
 jxkxpov, a measure]. An instrument for re- 
 cording cerebral impulses. 
 
 Cerebroolein (ser-e-bro-o f -le-in). A compound 
 of olein and lecithin forming a yellow oil; 
 it is obtained from brain tissue. 
 
 Cerebropathy (ser-e-brop'-a-the) [cerebro-; 
 nadoc-, illness]. 1. A train of symptoms 
 following overwork, and approaching the 
 character of insanity. 2. Cerebral disease 
 in general. C, Psychic, mental disease 
 resulting from primary lesion of the brain 
 or spinal cord, but presenting distinct symp- 
 toms of its own. 
 
 Cerebropontile {ser-e-bro-pon'-tiT). Relating 
 to the cerebrum and pons. 
 
 Cerebroscopy {ser-e-bros'-ko-pe) [cerebro-; 
 oKone'cv, to inspect]. 1. Bouchut's term for 
 ophthalmoscopy employed by neurologists. 
 2. Encephaloscopy. 
 
 Cerebrose {ser'-e-bros) [cerebrum], C 6 H 12 2 . A 
 crystallized sugar isomeric with glucose, oc- 
 curring in brain tissue. 
 
 Cerebrosid {ser'-e-bro-sid) [cerebrum]. One of 
 a class of substances occurring in brain tissue, 
 containing cerebrose, just as glucosids contain 
 glucose. 
 
 Cerebrospinal (ser-e-bro-spi'-nal) [cerebro- ; 
 spina, the spine]. Pertaining to the brain 
 and spinal cord. C. Axis. See Axis, 
 Cerebrospinal. C. Fluid, the fluid between 
 the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. 
 C. Meningitis. See Fever, Cerebrospinal. 
 C. System, the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. 
 
 Cerebrosuria {ser-e-bro-su' -re-ah). The pres- 
 ence of cerebrose in the urine ; cerebral diabetes. 
 
 Cerebrum (ser f -e-brum) [L.]. The chief 
 portion of the brain, occupying the whole 
 upper part of the cranium, and consisting of 
 the right and left hemispheres. C. abdom- 
 inale, the solar plexus. C. exsiccatum, 
 
 the dried and powdered gray substance of 
 the brain of calves; one part represents five 
 parts of the fresh organ. Dose 30-60 gr. 
 (2-4 Gm.) a day. C. posterius, the cere- 
 bellum. 
 
 Cerecloth (ser'-Moth) [cera]. Cloth impreg- 
 nated with wax and rendered antiseptic; used 
 as a dressing for wounds. 
 
 Cereus (se'-re-us) [L., "a wax candle"]. A 
 genus of cactaceous plants. C. grandi- 
 florus. See Cactus grandiflorus. 
 
 Cerevisia (ser-e-vis'-e-ah). See Cervisia. 
 
 Cerevisin {ser-e-vis'-in). Dried yeast used 
 internally in furunculosis (dose 1 teaspoonful 
 before each meal) and for application in 
 leukorrhea and gonorrheal vaginitis (15-30 gr. 
 (1-2 Gm.) in suppository of cacao-butter). 
 
 Ceric {se'-rili) [cera]. 1. Relating to wax. 
 2. Containing cerium as a quadrivalent 
 radicle. 
 
 Cerin {se'-rin) [cera]. 1. An ether of cer- 
 otic acid; one of the substances found in 
 wax. 2. (Of Chevreul.) A crystalline pre- 
 cipitate from an aqueous extract of cork by 
 action of hot alcohol. 
 
 Cerite {se'-rit). A Swedish mineral formerly 
 called the heavy stone of Bastnas, from which 
 cerium is obtained. 
 
 Cerium {se'-re-um) [named from the planet 
 Ceres]. Ce = 140; quantivalence 11, IV. 
 One of the rarer metals. It forms two series of 
 salts {cerous and ceric salts) corresponding to 
 the two oxids. See Elements, Table of Chemic. 
 C. Nitrate. 1. Ce 2 (N0 3 ) 6 . i 2 H 2 0, white crys- 
 tals, soluble in water; an antiseptic used in 
 solutions of 1 : 1000. Syn., Cerous nitrate. 
 2. Ce(NO s ) 4 , a reddish -yellow mass of crys- 
 tals, soluble in water and alcohol. It is used 
 as a nerve-tonic in irritable dyspepsia and 
 chronic vomiting. Dose. 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 
 Gm.). Syn., Ceric nitrate. C. Oxalate 
 (cerii oxalas, U. S. P.), Ce 2 (C 2 4 ) 3 . qH 2 0, a 
 white, granular powder, insoluble in water or 
 alcohol, but soluble in hydrochloric acid. It 
 is useful in the vomiting of pregnancy. Dose 
 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65 Gm.) in pill. C. Valer- 
 ianate, has been used in the same class of 
 cases as the oxalate. Dose i| gr. (0.1 Gm.). 
 
 Ceroceric (se-ro-se'-rik). Containing cerium 
 both as a trivalent and as a quadrivalent 
 radicle. 
 
 Ceroma {se-ro'-mali) [cera; ofia, a tumor]. A 
 cystic tumor the tissue of which has under- 
 gone fatty degeneration. 
 
 Cerostroma, Cerostrosis (ser-o-slro f -mah, -sis). 
 See Ichthyosis hyslrix. 
 
 Cerotate (se'-ro-tdt). A salt of cerotic acid. 
 
 Cerotic {se-ro'-tik). Derived from wax. C. 
 Acid. See Acid, Cerotic. 
 
 Cerous (se'-rus). Containing cerium as a 
 trivalent radicle. 
 
 Cerumen (ser-u f -men) [cera]. The wax of the ear. 
 
 Ceruminosis {ser-u-min-o'-sis). An excessive 
 secretion of cerumen. 
 
 Ceruminous (ser-u'-min-us) [cera]. Pertain- 
 ing to cerumen. 
 
 Ceruse (se f -rus) [L., cerussa]. 1. White lead: 
 
CERUSSA 
 
 264 
 
 CHALCITIS 
 
 basic carbonate and hydrate of lead. 2. A 
 white face-powder. C., Antimony, white 
 oxid of antimony; also antimonic acid. 
 
 Cerussa (se-rus'-ah). See Ceruse. 
 
 Cervical {ser r -vik-al) [cervix, the neck]. 
 * Pertaining to the neck or to the cervix 
 uteri. C. Carcinoma, carcinoma of the 
 neck of the uterus. C. Endometritis. See 
 Endocervicitis . C. Pregnancy, a rare con- 
 dition in which, from atrophy of the decidual 
 membranes, the impregnated ovum is not 
 properly held in place, and, dropping, lodges 
 in the cervical canal, where it develops until 
 the uterus expels it. 
 
 Cervicalis (ser-vik-a'-lis) [cervix]. 1. Cervical. 
 2. A cervical artery, muscle, nerve, or vein. 
 
 Cervicispinal {ser-vis-e-spi'-naT). Relating to 
 the neck and spinal cord. 
 
 Cervicitis (ser-vis-i'-tis) [cervix ; cxcg, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the cervix uteri. 
 
 Cervicoauricular (ser - vik -o -aw - rik'-u-lar). 
 Relating to the back of the neck and the 
 outer ear. 
 
 Cervicohumeral {ser-vik-o-hu'-mer-al). Re- 
 lating to the neck and the upper arm. 
 
 Cervicomuscular (ser-vik-o-mus'-ku-lar). Re- 
 lating to the muscles of the neck. 
 
 Cervicosca$u\ax {ser -vik-o-skap'-u-lar). 1. Re- 
 lating to the back of the neck and the 
 scapula. 2. The transverse artery or vein 
 of the neck. 
 
 Cervi co vesical (ser-vik-o-ves'-ik-al). Pertain- 
 ing to the bladder and the cervix uteri. 
 
 Cervimeter (ser-vim'-et-er) [cervix; fierpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 cervix uteri. 
 
 Cervisia (ser-vis'-e-ah) [L.]. Ale or beer. 
 Cervisise fermentum, beer-yeast. The 
 ferment obtained in brewing beer, and pro- 
 duced by Saccharomyces cerevisim. 
 
 Cervix (ser'-viks) [L.]. A constricted portion 
 or neck. C. obstipa, C. rigida, wry-neck. 
 C. uteri, the neck of the uterus. C. vesicae, 
 the neck of the bladder. 
 
 Cesarean Section [from Ccesar, the Roman 
 consul, whose delivery is said to have been 
 effected in this way]. Extraction of the fetus 
 through an incision made in the abdomen. 
 C. Section, Postmortem, extraction of the 
 child after the mother's death. 
 
 Cesium (se'-ze-um) [L., "bluish-gray"], Cs = 
 132.6; quantivalence I. A rare alkaline 
 metal resembling potassium in physical and 
 chemic properties. C. and Ammonium 
 Bromid, CsBr . 3NH 4 C1, a sedative used in 
 epilepsy. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.); maxi- 
 mum dose 90 gr. (6 Gm.). C. Bitartrate, Cs- 
 HC 4 H 4 6 , used in nervous heart-palpitation. 
 Dose 3-5 gr. (0.18-0.3 Gm.). C. Bromid, 
 is a good sedative, but its cost is very great. 
 C. Carbonate, Cs 2 C0 3 ; used in epilepsy. C. 
 Chlorid, lowers the pulse-rate and raises 
 arterial pressure. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 
 Gm.). C. Hydrate, C. Hydroxid, CsOH, is 
 used in epilepsy. C. and Rubidium and 
 Ammonium Bromid, CsBr . RbBr . 
 6(NH 4 Br), a nervine. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 
 
 Gm.) once or twice daily; maximum dose 
 90 gr. (6 Gm.). C. Sulfate, Cs 2 S0 4 , used 
 as an antiepileptic. 
 
 Cestode, Cestoid {ses r -tdd, ses'-toid) [nearSc, a 
 girdle; ecdof, likeness]. Shaped like a gir- 
 dle or ribbon; applied to worms, of which 
 Tcenia is a type. 
 
 Cetacea {se-ta'-se-ah) [ktjtoc', a whale]. An 
 order of mammals living in the sea, as the 
 whale, dolphin, etc. 
 
 Cetaceum (se-ta' '-se-um) [see Cetacea]. Sperm- 
 aceti. A fatty substance somewhat resem- 
 bling paraffin in its physical properties. It 
 is obtained from the head of the sperm-whale, 
 Physeter macrocephalus. It is soluble in 
 ether, in chloroform, and in boiling alcohol, 
 and is employed as an emollient. Cetacei, 
 Ceratum, contains spermaceti, 10; white 
 wax, 35; olive-oil, 55 parts. Unof. Cetacei, 
 Unguentum (B. P.), contains spermaceti, 
 white wax, almond-oil, and benzoin. 
 
 Cetin (se'-Hn) [see Cetacea], C 32 H 64 2 . The chief 
 constituent of commercial purified sperma- 
 ceti. It is a fatty, crystalline substance, 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, insoluble in 
 water, melting at 49 C, and volatilizing at 
 360 C. Syn., Cetinum. 
 
 Cetraria {se-tra' -re-ah) [ccetra, a short Spanish 
 shield]. 1. A genus of lichens. 2. Iceland 
 moss — a lichen, C. islandica, found in Iceland 
 and other northern countries. It contains 
 a form of starch, lichenin, that gelatinizes 
 when boiled with water. It is a feebly tonic 
 demulcent, sometimes used in pulmonary 
 affections. Cetrariae, Decoctum (B. P.), 
 contains 5 % of the lichen. Dose 2-4 oz. (60- 
 120 Cc). 
 
 Ceylon Sickness. Beriberi. 
 
 Ceyssatite {ses'-a-tlt) [Ceyssat, a village of 
 Puy-de-D6me, France]. A fossil earth from 
 the village of Ceyssat, France, composed 
 almost entirely of pure silica. It is used 
 as an absorbent dusting-powder. 
 
 Chabert's Disease. Sympathetic anthrax; 
 black-leg. 
 
 Chagres Fever. See Fever, Chagres. 
 
 Chalaza (kal-a'-zah) [chalazion]. One of the 
 twisted cords binding the yolk-bag of an egg 
 to the lining membrane of the shell; or that 
 part of a seed where its coats unite with each 
 other and the nucleus. 
 
 Chalazia (kal-a'-ze-ah) [chalazion]. 1. The 
 socalled hailstone sputa. 2. A chalazion. 
 
 Chalazion (kal-a'-ze-on) [xala^tov, a small 
 hailstone]. A tumor of the eyelid from retained 
 secretion of the meibomian glands; a mei- 
 bomian cyst. • Syn., Porosis palpebrce. C. 
 terreum, one in which there is degeneration 
 of the contents and change to calcium car- 
 bonate and cholesterin. Syn., Lithiasis pal- 
 pebralis. 
 
 Chalcitis (kal-si f -tis) [xaXnoc, anything made 
 of metal]. A severe inflammation of the 
 eyes, marked at first by excessive lacrimation 
 and sensitiveness to light, resulting in blurred 
 vision and continued flow of mucus. It is 
 due to rubbing the eyes after the hands 
 
CHALCOSIS 
 
 265 
 
 CHARCOT'S ARTERY 
 
 1 
 
 have been used on brass, as is done by 
 trolley-car conductors and workmen. Syn., 
 Brassy eye; Chalkitis. 
 
 Chalcosis (kal-ko'-sis) [jod/cof, copper]. A de- 
 posit of copper particles in the tissues. 
 
 Chalicosis (kal-ik-o' -sis) [x&Xitzi gravel]. A 
 disease of the lungs caused by the inhalation 
 of dust or sand. 
 
 Chalinoplasty (kal-in-o-plas' -te) [xahvbc, a 
 bridle or rein; nAaooeiv, to form]. An opera- 
 tion to form a new frenum of the tongue. 
 
 Chalk (chawk) [calx, limestone]. Carbonate 
 of lime. See Calcium. C. -stone, gout-stone 
 — a deposit beneath the skin in gouty patients. 
 
 Chalkitis (kal-ki'-tis). See Chalcilis. 
 
 Chalybeate (ka-lib' -e-at) [^aXu^, steel]. i. 
 Containing iron. 2. Having the color or taste 
 of iron. 3. A substance or medicine con- 
 taining iron. 
 
 Chamaelirium (kam-e-lir' -e-um) [xafxa'c, on the 
 earth; Xz'tptov, a lily]. A genus of plants 
 of the order Liliacccc. The rhizome of C. 
 luteum, devil' s-bit, of the United States and 
 Canada, is a uterine tonic, anthelmintic, diu- 
 retic, and febrifuge. Dose of aqueous infusion 
 (1 oz. to 1 pint) a wineglassful. 
 
 Chamber (cham'-ber) [camera, a chamber]. A 
 cavity or space. C., Anterior (of the eye), 
 the space between the cornea and the iris. 
 C, Aqueous (of the eye), the space between 
 the cornea and lens. C, Posterior (of the 
 eye), the space between the iris and the lens. 
 The chambers of the eye contain the aqueous 
 humor. C, Resonance, a resonant chamber 
 attached to a tuning-fork for acoustic investi- 
 gation. 
 
 Chameleon-phenomenon (kam-e'-le-on -fen - 
 om'-e-non). A peculiar reaction shown by 
 Bacillus pyocyaneus; when grown on agar, 
 a light-green color is imparted to the medium, 
 which after 48 hours turns very dark green. 
 On potato a yellowish-brown growth is 
 formed, which turns green when the super- 
 ficial portion is removed by scraping, but it 
 soon resumes its brown color. 
 
 Champacol {sham' -pa-kol) [champaka, Benga- 
 lese name]. A camphor, C 17 H 30 O, from 
 the wood of the champak-trce, Michelia 
 champaca. Syn., Champaca camphor. 
 
 Champagne (sham-pan) [Fr.]. An efferves- 
 cent wine useful as a remedy for nausea and 
 vomiting. 
 
 Chancre (shang-ker) [Fr.]. A term formerly 
 used indiscriminately for any primary vene- 
 real ulcer, but now generally applied to the 
 initial lesion of syphilis (q. v.). C, Arsenical, 
 ulceration resembling a syphilitic chancre, but 
 due to arsenic. C, Hard, C, Hunterian, 
 C, Indurated, C, Infecting, C, Non- 
 suppurating, C, True, the ulcer of venereal 
 origin, which is followed by constitutional 
 syphilis. C, Nonincubatory, C, Non- 
 infecting, C, Simple, C, Soft, a conta- 
 gious, suppurating, nonsyphilitic venereal ul- 
 cer, properly called chancroid. C, Sahara, 
 the Aleppo boil. 
 
 Chancroid (shang f -kroid) [chancre; eldoc, 
 
 form]. A local, infective process, trans- 
 mitted by sexual intercourse, and character- 
 ized by ulceration, local glandular involve- 
 ment, and often suppuration. It has been 
 variously termed the soft, nonindurated, 
 simple, or nonsyphilitic chancre. See Chan- 
 cre. C, Phagedenic, chancroid with a 
 tendency to slough. C, Serpiginous, 
 phagedenic chancroid that spreads superfi- 
 cially in curved lines. 
 
 Chancrous (shang'-krus). Of the nature of a 
 chancre. 
 
 Change (chdfij) [cambiare, to change]. The 
 word is colloquially used for either the 
 establishment or the cessation of the men- 
 strual function. C. of Life, the menopause. 
 
 Channel (chan'-cl) [ME., chanel). See Canal. 
 C.s, Intercellular. 1. Irregular canals of 
 communication between the intercellular 
 spaces interposed between pricklc-cells, and 
 thought to be connected with the lymph - 
 capillaries. 2. Tiny canals between gland- 
 cells. C.s, Intracellular, the minute canals 
 which connect vacuoles in the cell-body of 
 liver-cells with the biliary canaliculi or inter- 
 cellular channels. C, Lymphatic, C, Plas- 
 matic. See Canal of Recklinghausen and 
 Canal, Serous. 
 
 ChantreuiPs Method (shang-treeV). In pel- 
 vimetry, a method of ascertaining the distance 
 between the tuberosities of the ischiums (ir 
 cm.) in estimating the size of the pelvic 
 outlet. The two thumbs are placed upon the 
 tuberosities, while an assistant measures the 
 distance between them. 
 
 Chap [ME., chappen, to cleave]. A slight 
 or superficial fissure of the skin, usually 
 upon the lips, hands, or nipples. 
 
 Chappa (chap f -ah). The name among the 
 Popo people in the colony of Lagos for a 
 disease believed to be neither tuberculous 
 nor syphilitic, marked by severe initial pains 
 in muscles and joints, followed by swelling 
 and the formation of round multiple nodules 
 the size of a pigeon's egg; without forming 
 abscesses these are exposed by ulceration of 
 the skin. The disease finally attacks the bones. 
 
 Charbon (shar'-bon) [Fr., "charcoal"]. An- 
 thrax (q. v.). 
 
 Charcoal (char f -kol) [ME., charren, to turn; 
 col, coal]. Coal made by subjecting wood 
 to a process of smothered combustion. See 
 under Carbo. 
 
 Charcot's Artery (shar-ko'). The "artery 
 of cerebral hemorrhage," one of the len- 
 ticulostriate arteries that passes through the 
 outer part of the putamen. C.'s Cirrhosis. 
 See Hanot's Disease. C.'s Crystals. See 
 Cry 'stals, Charcot' s. C.'s Disease. 1. Amyo- 
 trophic lateral sclerosis. 2. Arthropathy of 
 tabes dorsalis. 3. Multiple cerebrospinal 
 sclerosis. C.'s Fever, a septic fever occur- 
 ring in cases of jaundice due to impacted 
 gall-stones. C.'s Gait, the gait of Friedreich's 
 ataxia. C.'s Joint. See C.'s Disease (2). 
 C.'s Method. See Hypnotism. C.'s Pain, 
 hysteric pain in the ovarian region. C.'s 
 
CHARCOT-GUINON'S DISEASE 
 
 266 
 
 CHELIDONIN 
 
 Posterior Root-zone. See Burdach's 
 Column. C.'s Sensory Crossway, the pos- 
 terior third of the posterior limb of the 
 internal capsule. Syn., Carrejour sensiti}. 
 C.'s Sign, in facial paralysis the eyebrow 
 is raised; in facial contracture it is lowered. 
 Syn., Signe du sourcil. C.'s Syndrome, 
 intermittent claudication, an affection con- 
 nected with arteriosclerosis of the lower ex- 
 tremities. C.'s Zones, the hysterogenic zones. 
 
 Charcot-Guinon's Disease {shar-ko'-gwe- 
 no'iri)). Dementia complicating some cases 
 of progressive muscular dystrophy. 
 
 Charcot-Leyden's Crystals {shar-ko-li'-den). 
 See Crystals, Char cot -Ley den' s. 
 
 Charcot-Marie's Symptom. See Marie's 
 Symptom. C.-M.'s Type of Progressive 
 Muscular Atrophy, the neurotic type of pro- 
 gressive muscular atrophy ; progressive neural 
 muscular atrophy, commencing in the muscles 
 of the feet and the peroneal group. C- 
 M.-Tooth's Type of Progressive Muscular 
 Atrophy. See C.-M.'s Type of Progressive 
 Muscular Atrophy. 
 
 Charcot-Neumann's Crystals. See Crystal, 
 Charcot -Neumann's. 
 
 Charcot-Robin's Crystals. See Crystals, Char- 
 cot-Robin's. 
 
 Charcot-Vigouroux's Sign. See Vigouroux's 
 Sign. 
 
 Chariot {char' -e-ot) . The movable coil of an 
 induction apparatus. 
 
 Charlatan (shar' -lat-an) [Ital., ciarlatano, a 
 quack]. A quack; a pretender to medical 
 skill; an advertising doctor. 
 
 Charles' Law. See Law, Charles'. 
 
 Charleyhorse {char'-le-hors). Stiffness of the 
 right arm and leg in baseball players. 
 
 Charpie {shar'-pe) [car per e, to pluck]. Picked 
 or shredded lint; linen shreds for dressing 
 wounds. 
 
 Charriere's Guillotine {shar-re-dr'). An in- 
 strument for excising tonsils. 
 
 Charta {kar'-tah) [xaptyc, paper]. A paper. 
 In pharmacy, a strip of paper the fibers of 
 which are impregnated with a medicinal sub- 
 stance. Also a wrapper for holding pow- 
 ders. C. cantharidis, C. epispastica, blis- 
 tering-paper. C. emporetica, porous or bib- 
 ulous paper. C. exploratoria, test-paper. 
 C. sinapis (U. S. P.), mustard-paper. 
 
 Chartula {kart'-u-lah) [dim. of charta]. A little 
 paper, especially a paper containing a single 
 dose of a medicinal powder. 
 
 Chasma, Chasmus {kaz'-mah, kaz'-mus) \x aa ~ 
 p.6c, a gaping]. A yawn. 
 
 Chassaignac's Axillary Muscle. A noncon- 
 stant muscular bundle that extends across 
 the axillary hollow from the lower border of 
 the latissimus dorsi to the lower border of the 
 pectoralis minor or to the brachial fascia. C.'s 
 Tubercle, the carotid tubercle on the trans- 
 verse process of the sixth cervical vertebra. 
 
 Chaulmugra Oil {chawl-moog' -rah) [E. Ind.]. 
 A fixed oil expressed from the seeds of Gyno- 
 cardia odorata, a tree native to the East In- 
 dies. It is soluble in alcohol, and its proper- 
 
 ties are due to gynocardic acid. It is used 
 in leprosy, in scaly eczema, psoriasis, and 
 syphilitic skin affections. For external use, 
 i part of the acid to 24 of petroleum. In- 
 ternally, 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc.) of the 
 oil or §-3 gr. (0.032-0.2 Gm.) of the acid, 
 in capsules. 
 
 Chaussier's Areola {sho-se-ar') . The areola 
 of inflammatory induration of a malignant 
 pustule. C.'s Line, the raphe of the corpus 
 callosum. 
 
 Chautard's Test for Acetone {sho-tar'(r)). 
 Allow sulfurous acid to pass through a 
 solution of 0.25 Gm. of fuchsin in 500 Cc. 
 of water until the solution becomes yellow. 
 On the addition of a portion of this to the 
 liquid to be tested for acetone it will assume 
 a violet color if acetone is present. 
 
 Chauveau's Retention Theory {sho-vo'). 
 See under Immunity. 
 
 Chaya, C.-root {chi'-ah). The plant, Aerva 
 lanata. Syn., Shaya-root. 
 
 Cheadle-Barlow's Disease. See Barlow's Dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Check {chek) [OF., eschec, from Pers. shah, a 
 king]. A sudden stop. C. -experiment. 
 See Control Experiment. C. -ligament. See 
 Ligament, Check-. 
 
 Checkerberry {chek'-er-ber-e) . A popular name 
 for Gaultheria procumbens. 
 
 Cheek {chek) [AS., cedce]. The side of the 
 face; it is composed of fat, areolar tissue, 
 muscles, etc. 
 
 Cheese {chez) [AS., cese]. A food prepared from 
 the casein of skimmed or unskimmed milk. 
 
 Cheesy {chcz'-e) [cheese]. Of the nature of 
 cheese. C. Degeneration, C. Necrosis, 
 caseous degeneration or caseation; the con- 
 version of the tissues into a substance 
 resembling cheese. C. Tubercle, a tubercle 
 that has undergone cheesy necrosis. 
 
 Cheil-, Cheilo- {kil-, ki-lo-). For words thus 
 beginning see Chil- or Chilo-. 
 
 Cheiranthin {ki-ran' -thin) . A glucosid from 
 the leaves and seeds of Cheiranthus cheiri, 
 with action similar to that of digitalis. 
 
 Cheiro- {ki-ro-). For words thus beginning 
 see Chiro-. 
 
 Chekan, Cheken {chek' -en) [Chilian]. 1. The 
 leaves of Eugenia cheken, a South American 
 shrub. It is diuretic and expectorant and 
 
 • similar in action to eucalyptus. It is used 
 in chronic pharyngitis, laryngitis, etc. Dose 
 of the fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). Unof. 
 2. The crude resin obtained from Cannabis 
 indica. 
 
 Chelate {ke'-ldt) [xy^V, a claw]. 1. Claw- 
 shaped. 2. Having claw-shaped appendages 
 or processes. 
 
 Chelen {ke-len'). Ethyl chlorid. 
 
 Chelerythrin {kel-er'-ith-rin), C 19 H 17 N0 4 . A 
 poisonous alkaloid obtained from Chelidon- 
 ium. 
 
 Chelidonin {kel-id' -o-nin) [chelidonium], C 19 - 
 H 17 N 3 3 + H 2 0, or C 10 H 17 NO 4 . A crystalline 
 alkaloid of celandin {Chelidonium majus). 
 C. Phosphate, a white, crystalline powder, 
 
 
CHELIDONISM 
 
 267 
 
 CHEYNE-STOKES' ASTHMA 
 
 soluble in water; it is used as an analgesic. 
 C. Sulfate, (C 20 H 19 NO 6 ) 2 H 2 SO 4 , a white, 
 crystalline substance, soluble in water; it is 
 a narcotic like morphin, but less toxic. 
 Dose i§-3 gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.) 
 
 Chelidonism (kel-id 1 '-on-izm) . Poisoning by 
 Chelidonium majus; it is marked by inflam- 
 mation of the mouth and gastrointestinal 
 tract and hematuria. It is due to the action 
 of chelerythrin. 
 
 Chelidonium {kel-id-o' -ne-um) [^ekidoviov, cel- 
 andin]. Celandin. The leaves and stems 
 of C. majus, with properties due to a number 
 of alkaloids and acids. It is a drastic cath- 
 artic and externally an irritant, and has been 
 used in jaundice, whooping-cough, and catar- 
 rhal pneumonia. Dose of the plant 10-30 
 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of the juice 5-20 min. 
 (0.32-1.3 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Chelidoxanthin {kel-id-o-zan'-tkin) [chelid- 
 onium]. One of the bitter, crystalline con- 
 stituents of celandin. 
 
 Cheloid (ke'-loid). See Keloid. 
 
 Chelotomy (ke-lof -o-me) . See Kelotomy. 
 
 Chemic, Chemical {kem'-ik, kem'-ik-al) [chem- 
 istry]. Of or pertaining to chemistry. 
 
 Chemicity {kem-is' -it-e) . The state of having 
 chemic properties. 
 
 Chemicoanalytic (kem-ik-o-an-al-it'-ik). Re- 
 lating to chemic analysis. 
 
 Chemicocautery {kem-ik-o-kaw'-ter-e). Cau- 
 terization by means of chemic agents. 
 
 Chemiotaxis, Chimiotaxis {kem'-e-o-taks-is, 
 kim'-e-o-taks-is). See Chemotaxis. 
 
 Chemistry {kern' -is-tre) [j-qpieca, chemistry]. 
 The science of the molecular and atomic 
 structure of bodies. C, Actinic, C, Ac- 
 tino-, that treating of decomposition of light. 
 C, Analytic, that concerned in the determi- 
 nation of the constituents and decomposi- 
 tion-products of substances; also in the esti- 
 mation of the relative proportion of their ele- ' 
 ments and the number and interrelation of 
 the atoms contained in a molecule. C, Ani- 
 mal, that dealing with animal substances. 
 C, Atomic, that concerned in the structure 
 of molecules, the relations of their contained 
 atoms, and the laws governing their com- 
 bination. C, Electro-. See Electrochemistry . 
 C, Empiric, C, Experimental. 1. The sum 
 of chemic knowledge established by experi- 
 ments. 2. The carrying on of experiments 
 for determining chemic laws and knowledge. 
 C, Forensic, that concerned in legal investi- 
 gations. C.,Galvano-. See Galvanochemis- 
 try. C, Pneumatic, the chemistry of vapors 
 and gases. C, Stcechiometric. See C, 
 Atomic. C, Synthetic, that which deals with 
 the building-up of compounds from their 
 elements. 
 
 Chemosis {ke-mo r -sis) [xi)p.coocc, a gaping]. 
 Swelling of the conjunctiva. 
 
 Chemosmosis {kem-os-mo' -sis) [chemistry; 
 (baiiog, an impulse]. Chemic action resulting 
 from osmosis. 
 
 Chemotactic (kem-o-tak'-tik) [chemotaxis]. Per- 
 taining or relating to chemotaxis. 
 
 Chemotaxis {kem-o-taks' -is) [chemistry; raa- 
 gscv, to order, arrange]. The property of 
 cellular attraction and repulsion. It is dis- 
 played by the proteid constituents of the 
 protoplasm of various species of bacteria, as 
 well as by proteids from a great variety of 
 sources. The qualifications positive and 
 negative are added according as the phenom- 
 enon is one of attraction or repulsion. 
 
 Chemotic {ke-mot'-ik) [chemosis]. Pertaining 
 to or marked by chemosis. 
 
 Chemotropism {kem-ot'-ro-pizm) [chemistry; 
 rponrj, a turning]. The destruction of bac- 
 teria by phagocytes; the victory of the 
 phagocytes over bacteria, or of bacteria over 
 phagocytes. In biology, the attraction of 
 leukocytes by certain chemic substances held 
 in solution in the blood. Cf. Chemotaxis. 
 
 Chenopodium {ken-o-po' -de-um) [#r)v, a goose; 
 Tzodcov, a little foot]. American wormseed; 
 the fruit of C. ambrosioides, or anthelminticum, 
 a plant native to the United States, with 
 properties due to a volatile oil, which is the 
 only preparation used. It is an efficient an- 
 thelmintic against the roundworm. C, Oil 
 of {oleum chenopodii, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 
 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). 
 
 Cherchewsky's Disease. Nervous ileus. An 
 affection, closely simulating intestinal obstruc- 
 tion, that has been observed in neurasthenia. 
 
 Cherry {cher'-e) [Kepaaoc, cherry-tree]. The 
 bark of the common cherry, Prunus serotina, 
 a mild bitter and tonic containing tannin. 
 Dose of fluidextract §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 Trunin, a concentrated extract; dose 1-3 gr. 
 (0.065-0.2 Gm.). See also Choke-cherry and 
 Prunus virginiana. C. -laurel, the European 
 evergreen cherry, Prunus laurocerasus. Water 
 distilled from its leaves is used in the 
 same way as dilute hydrocyanic acid. 
 Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). C, Wild. 
 See Prunus. 
 
 Chest. See Thorax. C, Alar, C, Paral- 
 ytic, C, Phthisical, C, Pterygoid, a nar- 
 row thorax having a winged appearance from 
 abnormal projection of the wings of the 
 scapula. C, Barrel-, a peculiar formation 
 of the chest observed in cases of long-stand- 
 ing emphysema of the lungs; it is round, 
 like a barrel, and in respiration is lifted ver- 
 tically instead of being expanded laterally. 
 C, Emphysematous. See C, Barrel-. 
 
 Chestnut. See Castanea. 
 
 Cheyne's Nystagmus. See Cheyne-Stokes' 
 Nystagmus. C.'s Symptom. See Cheyne- 
 Stokes' Respiration. 
 
 Cheyne-Stokes' Asthma. Dyspnea due to 
 pulmonary congestion in an advanced stage 
 of chronic myocarditis. C.-S.'s Nystagmus, 
 a variety of nystagmus in which the oscil- 
 lations of the eyeball have a rhythmic varia- 
 tion similar to the rhythm of Cheyne-Stokes' 
 respiration. C.-S.'s Respiration, arhyth- 
 mic breathing of a periodic type occurring 
 in certain grave affections of the central ner- 
 vous system, heart, and lungs, and in intoxi- 
 cations. 
 
CHIASM 
 
 268 
 
 CHINOPYRIN 
 
 Chiasm, Chiasma (ki'-azm, ki-az'-mah) [xc&- 
 £ecv, to make a cross, as an X ]• i. The optic 
 commissure. 2. A crossing. C, Camper's. 
 See Camper's Chiasm. 
 
 Chiasmal (ki-'az-mal). Pertaining to the optic 
 chiasm. 
 
 Chickahominy Fever (chik-a-hom' -in-e) . A 
 synonym of Typhomalarial fever. 
 
 Chicken (chik'-en) [AS., cicen]. The domestic 
 fowl. C. -breast, an abnormally prominent 
 condition of the sternum and of the sternal 
 region; pigeon-breast; it is seen in rachitic 
 persons, etc. C. Cholera. See Cholera, 
 Chicken. C.-fat Clot, a clot of blood, yellow- 
 ish in color, consisting largely of fibrin, and 
 containing but few red cells. C.-pox. See 
 Varicella. 
 
 Chicle. See Balata. 
 
 Chicory (chik'-or-e) [ac^opa, chicory]. Cichor- 
 ium intybus, a composite plant of Europe 
 and Asia, naturalized and growing in the 
 United States. Its ground root is used to 
 adulterate coffee. 
 
 Chielin (ki'-el-in). A thick, nontoxic, brown, 
 viscous substance isolated from the bulb of 
 the tulip. It is recommended in eczema and 
 in skin diseases in veterinary practice. 
 
 Chiene's Lines. Imaginary lines designed to 
 aid in localizing the cerebral centers in ope- 
 rations upon the brain. 
 
 Chilalgia, Cheilalgia (ki-laV -je-ah) [xeeAoc, lip; 
 aXjoc, pain]. Neuralgia affecting the lips. 
 
 Chilblain (chil'-blan) [AS., cele, cold; blegen, 
 a boil]. A congestion and swelling of the 
 skin, due to cold, and attended with severe 
 itching or burning; vesicles and bullas may 
 form, and these may lead to ulceration. Syn., 
 Erythema pernio; Pernio. 
 
 Childbed. The popular term for the puer- 
 peral state. C. Fever, puerperal fever. 
 
 Childbirth. Parturition. 
 
 Child-crowing. The crowing sound of the 
 respiration that characterizes laryngismus 
 stridulus. 
 
 Chili Saltpeter. Sodium nitrate. 
 
 Chill (chil) [AS., cele, chilliness]. A sensation 
 of cold accompanied by shivering, usually 
 appearing shortly after exposure to cold or 
 wet. It is frequently the initial symptom 
 of acute disorders, as pneumonia, etc. It is 
 a prominent symptom of various forms of 
 malarial fever. 
 
 Chills and Fever. A popular term for inter- 
 mittent fever. 
 
 Chilo- (ki-lo-) [xslXof, lip]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to the lips. 
 
 Chilognathopalatoschisis, Cheilognathopal- 
 atoschisis ( ki - log'- nath -o- pal- at - os'~ ki - sis) 
 [chilo-; jvaOoc, jaw; palatum, the palate; 
 oxtatC, a splitting]. Marchand's term for a 
 malformation marked by fissure of the lip, 
 alveolar process, and palate. 
 
 Chiloplasty, Cheiloplasty (ki' -lo - plas - te) 
 \chilo-; TiXaooeiv, to form]. Any plastic opera- 
 tion upon the lip. 
 
 Chiloschisis (ki-lo s f -kis -is) [chilo-; o^'cotc, a 
 splitting]. Harelip. C. complicata, harelip 
 
 attended with fissure of the palate or of the 
 alveolar arch. 
 Chilostomatoplasty, Cheilostomatoplasty 
 
 (ki-lo-stom' -at-o-plas-te) [chilo-; ordfia, mouth; 
 TzXaooecv, to form], Chiloplasty including re- 
 storation of the mouth. 
 
 Chimaphila (ki-maf -il-ah) [xe~c;ia, winter; <f>!- 
 Xoc, loving]. Pipsissewa; prince's-pine; the 
 leaves of C. umbellata, an evergreen found 
 in the United States, an astringent tonic and 
 excellent diuretic. The bruised leaves are 
 used as a rubefacient. It is valuable in 
 dropsy, in renal disease, and in affections 
 of the urinary passages. C, Decoction of 
 (decoctum chimaphila, B. P.). Dose 1-3 oz. 
 (30-00 Cc). C, Fluidextract of (fluid- 
 extr actum chimaphilce, U. S. P.). Dose A-2 
 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Chimney-sweep's Cancer. See Carcinoma, 
 Chimney-sweep' s. 
 
 Chimogene (ki'-mo-jen) "[%£c/4(bv, cold winter 
 weather; yevvdv, to produce]. A highly 
 volatile liquid proposed by Vanderweyde 
 as a substitute for rhigolene, ether, etc., 
 producing cold in local anesthesia. 
 
 Chin [AS.," cin\ The mentum; the lower 
 part of the face, at or near the symphysis of 
 the lower jaw. C.-jerk, C.-reflex. See 
 Jaw-jerk and under Reflex. 
 
 China (kin' -ah or ke'-nah). Same as Cinchona. 
 
 Chinaphthol (kin-aj'-thol). A yellow, bitter, 
 insoluble powder, used as an intestinal anti- 
 septic. Dose 7I-75 gr. (0.5-5.0 Gm.) daily. 
 Syn., Quinin betanaphthol-a-monosulfate. 
 
 Chinaseptol (kin-a-sep'-tol). See Diaphtol. 
 
 Chinoform (kin' -o- form). A compound of for- 
 maldehyd with cinchotannin. Syn., Quinoform. 
 
 Chinoidin, Chinoidinum (kin-oi'-din, kin-oi- 
 di'-num) [Sp., china]. Quinoidin. A mix- 
 ture of amorphous alkaloids obtained in the 
 manufacture of quinin. It has the thera- 
 peutic properties of quinin. Dose 1-20 gr. 
 (0.065-1.3 Gm.). C, Animal, a substance 
 giving, like quinin, a blue fluorescence in 
 solutions of dilute acids, first obtained by 
 Bence-Jones from the liver, but found in 
 all the organs and tissues of the body,' espe- 
 cially in the nerves. C. Borate, yellowish 
 scales, soluble in water and alcohol, used as is 
 chinoidin. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). C. 
 Citrate, reddish scales, soluble in water and 
 alcohol. Dose 5—25 gr. (0.32-1.6 Gm.). C. 
 Tannate, a yellow or brown powder, slightly 
 soluble in alcohol; antipyretic, astringent, and 
 tonic. Dose 2—12 gr. (0.13-0.8 Gm.). In 
 veterinary practice it is given in hog-cholera 
 in 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.) doses 3 times daily. 
 
 Chinol (kin'-ol). Quinolin monohypochlorite, 
 C 9 H 6 N . CIO, a white, crystalline, odorless 
 powder, with a pungent taste; soluble in 
 alcohol, almost insoluble in cold or hot 
 water. It is antipyretic and analgesic. Dose 
 3-5 gr. (0.19-0.32 Gm.). 
 
 Chinolin, Chinolina (kin'-o-lin, kin-o-li'-nah). 
 See Quinolin. 
 
 Chinon (kin' -on). See Quinon. 
 
 Chinopyrin (kin-o-pi'-rin). See Quinopyrin. 
 
CHINORAL 
 
 269 CHLORALACETOPHENONOXIM 
 
 Chinoral {kin'-or-al). An oily, bitter liquid 
 containing quinin and chloral; antiseptic 
 and hypnotic. Dose 1-15 gr. (0.06-1.0 
 Gm.). Syn., Quinochloral. 
 
 Chinosol {kin' -o-soV) . See Quinosol. 
 
 Chionablepsia {ki-on-ab-lep' -se-ah) [xctov, snow; 
 d^ke^ca, without sight]. Loss of sensibility 
 of the retina resulting from the exposure 
 of the eyes to reflection of the sunlight upon 
 snow; snow-blindness. 
 
 Chionyphe {ki-on'-if-e). Madura-foot. 
 
 Chirata, Chiretta {ke-ra'-tah, ke-re'-tah) 
 [Hind., chirdetd, a species of gentian]. The 
 dried plant of Swertia chirayita. It resembles 
 gentian in its therapeutic properties, and is an 
 excellent tonic. It does not contain tannin. 
 Dose of the powdered plant 15-30 gr. (1-2 
 Gm.) C, Fluidextract of {fluidexlr -actum 
 chiratce, U.S. P.). Dose 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). 
 C, Infusion of {infusum chiratce, B. P.). 
 Dose 2 oz. (64 Cc). C, Tincture of {tinc- 
 tura chiratce, B. P.) (10% strength). Dose 
 
 „ £-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Chiro-, Cheiro- {ki-ro-) [x ei P, the hand]. A 
 prefix meaning hand. 
 
 Chirokinesthetic, Cheirokinesthetic {ki-ro- 
 kin-es-thet' '-ik) [chiro-; kinesthetic]. Relating 
 to the subjective perception of the motions 
 of the hand, particularly in writing. 
 
 Chirol {ki'-rol). A solution of resins and fatty 
 oils in a mixture of ethers and alcohols, 
 used as a protective varnish for the hands 
 in surgery. 
 
 Chiromegaly {ki-ro-meg'-al-e) [chiro-; iisyakr), 
 large]. Enlargement of one, two, or three 
 extremities, in whole or in part, but not of 
 akromegalic nature. Syn., Pscudoakromegaly. 
 
 Chirometer,Cheirometer {ki-rom'-et-er) [chiro-; 
 {xkxpov, a measure]. Osiander's instrument for 
 measuring a distance on the finger or hand 
 in manual pelvimetry. 
 
 Chiropelvimeter, Cheiropelvimeter (ki-ro- 
 pel-vim' -et-er) [chiro-; pelvis; [ikxpov, a 
 measure]. In manual pelvimetry, an instru- 
 ment for measuring the hand. 
 
 Chiropodalgia, Cheiropodalgia {ki-ro-pod-aV - 
 je-ah). See Acrodynia. 
 
 Chiropodist {ki-ro p f -o-dist) [chiro-; nobg, foot]. 
 A surgeon or person who professionally treats 
 diseases of the hands and feet, especially 
 corns, bunions, etc. 
 
 Chirospasm, Cheirospasm {ki' -ro - spazm) 
 [chiro-; anao-fioc;, a drawing]. Writers' cramp. 
 
 Chirotheca, Cheirotheca {ki-ro-the'-ka) [chiro-; 
 drjKT), case]. A long, narrow roller bandage 
 for wrapping the fingers. C. compieta, 
 one for all the fingers of a hand. C. 
 incompleta, one for a single finger only. 
 
 Chirurgeon {ki-rur'-jon) [xecpoupyoc, a sur- 
 geon]. A surgeon. 
 
 Chirurgia {ki - rur' - je - ah) [see Chirurgeon]. 
 Surgery. 
 
 Chitin {ki'-tin) [xcrcov, a tunic], C 15 H 26 N 2 O 10 . 
 A colorless skeletin; the animal analog of 
 the cellulose of plants. 
 
 Chitinous {ki'-tin-us). Resembling chitin. 
 C. Degeneration, amyloid degeneration. 
 
 Chitonitis {ki-ton-i'-tis) [%cTtuv, a tunic; exec, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of any invest- 
 ing membrane. 
 
 Chittim-bark {chit' -im-bark) . See Cascara 
 sagrada. 
 
 Chloasma {klo-az'-mah) [ykoa^ztv, to be pale 
 green]. A deposit of pigment in the skin, 
 occurring in patches of various sizes and 
 shapes, and of a yellow, brown, or black 
 color. Syn., Discolor ations; Melanoderma; 
 Melasma. C.hepaticum, liver-spots; a form 
 following dyspepsia and popularly associated 
 with hepatic disturbance. C. phthisicorum, 
 the brown patches upon the skin of the fore- 
 head or upper portions of the cheeks in 
 tuberculous patients. C. uterinum, chiefly 
 located on the forehead, temples, cheeks, 
 nipples, and median line of abdomen. They 
 are marked during pregnancy, and often 
 during menstruation. 
 
 Chloracetic Acid {klo-ras-e'-tik). See Acid, 
 Chloracetic. 
 
 Chloracetization {klo-ras-et-iz-a'-shun). The 
 production of local anesthesia by chloroform 
 and glacial acetic acid. 
 
 Chloracetyl {klor-as'-et-il). 1. C 2 C1 2 . A radi- 
 cle formed from acetyl by the replacement 
 of hydrogen with chlorin. 2. Acetyl chlorid. 
 
 Chloral {klo'-ral) [chlorin; aldehyd], C 2 Cl 3 HO. 
 A pungent, colorless, mobile liquid. The 
 name is often misapplied to chloral hydrate. 
 Syn., Acetochloral ; Trichlorated or Trichlor- 
 acetic aldehyd. C, Anhydroglyco-, chloral- 
 ose. C, Anhydrous, chloral as distinguished 
 from chloral hydrate. C. Antipyrin. See 
 Hypnal. C, Butyl- {butyl -chloral hydras, 
 B. P.), croton-chloral, C 4 H 5 C1 3 +0H 2 0, a 
 solid occurring in crystalline scales, resem- 
 bling chloral hydrate, but made with butyl, 
 C 4 H 9 , as a base, instead of ethyl, C 2 H-. Its 
 properties are similar to those of chloral, but 
 are much feebler. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 
 Gm.) in syrup. C. -caff ein, the residue upon 
 evaporation of a concentrated aqueous or al- 
 coholic solution of chloral hydrate 7.8 parts 
 and caffein 10 parts; hypnotic, sedative, and 
 analgesic. Injection, 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.) 
 2 or 3 times daily. C. Hydrate {chlor- 
 alum hydratum, U.S. P.), a colorless, crystal- 
 line solid having the composition C 2 HC1 3 - 
 (HO) 2 ; the hydrate of chloral. It is a power- 
 ful hypnotic, antispasmodic, and depressant 
 to the cerebral, medullary, and spinal centers, 
 and to a limited extent is an anesthetic. It 
 is serviceable in fevers accompanied by cerebral 
 excitement, in chorea, convulsions, and in 
 delirium tremens, but should be used with 
 great caution. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 
 Gm.). C, Syrup of (B. P.). Dose J-2 dr. 
 (2-8 Cc). C. Ure thane. See Uralium. 
 
 Chloralacetaldoxim {klo-ral-as-et-al-doks'-im), 
 C 4 H NO 2 Cl 3 . A white, crystalline powder, 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 
 74 C. It is hypnotic. 
 
 Chloralacetophenonoxim {klo-ral-as-ef-o-fe- 
 non-oks'-im), C 6 H 5 . CH 3 C. A substance 
 forming colorless prisms, soluble in alcohol 
 
CHLORALACETOXIM 
 
 270 
 
 CHLORIN 
 
 
 and ether, melting at 8i° C. It is used in 
 tetanus and epilepsy. 
 
 Chloralacetoxim (klo-ral-as-et-oks'-im), C 4 H 8 - 
 N0 2 C1 3 . A white, crystalline powder, soluble 
 in alcohol and ether, and melting at 72 ° C. 
 It is hypnotic. 
 
 Chloralamid (klo-ral'-am-id). SeeChloralform- 
 ' amid. 
 
 Chloralbacid (klo-ral-bas'-id). A compound of 
 chlorin and albumin. It is used as a tonic 
 in gastric disorders. Dose 7J-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 
 Gm.). C. Sodium, a compound of chloralb- 
 
 / acid and sodium; it is used in gastric and 
 
 / intestinal affections. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 
 Gm.) before meals. 
 
 Chloralbenzaldoxim (klo-ral-ben-zal-doks'-im), 
 C 9 H 8 N0 2 C1 3 . A white, crystalline powder, 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 62 ° 
 C. It is hypnotic and antiseptic. 
 
 Chloralcamphoroxim (klo - ral - kam - for - 
 oks'-im), C 12 H 18 N0 2 C1 3 . A white, crystalline 
 powder, soluble in alcohol and ether, melt- 
 ing at 98 C. It is hypnotic, stimulant, and 
 antiseptic. 
 
 Chloralformamid (klo-ral-form'-am-id). A 
 crystalline solid (chloralformamidum, U. S. P.), 
 C 3 H 4 C1 3 N0 2 . Used as a hypnotic. Dose 
 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). • 
 
 Chloralic (klo-ral'-ik). Relating to chloral. 
 
 Chloralimid (klo-ral' -im-id) [chloral; imid], 
 CC1 3 . CH . NH. A hypnotic allied to chloral, 
 soluble in alcohol. The dose is the same as 
 that of chloral hydrate. 
 
 Chloralin (klo'-ral-in). An antiseptic fluid 
 containing monochlorphenol and bichlor- 
 phenol. It is used in 2 to 3 % solution; as 
 a gargle, in 0.5 to 1 % solution. 
 
 Chloralism (klo'-ral-izm) [chloral]. 1. Chloral- 
 poisoning, the morbid state caused by the 
 injudicious use of chloral. 2. The habit of 
 using chloral. 
 
 Chloralization (klo - ral -iz- a' -shun). 1. See 
 Chloralism. 2. Anesthesia by means of 
 hydra ted chloral. 
 
 Chloralose (klo' -ral-ds) [chloral; glucose], 
 C 8 H n Cl 3 . O e . Anhydroglyco-chloral; a pro- 
 duct of the action of anhydrous chloral upon 
 glucose. It is used as a hypnotic. Dose 
 3-14 gr. (0.2-0.9 Gm.). 
 
 Chloraloxims (klo-ral-oks'-ims). A series of 
 chemic compounds the physiologic activities 
 of which are claimed to be due to their split- 
 ting up in the system into chloral hydrate 
 and their respective oxims. See Chloral- 
 acetoxim, Chloralbenzaldoxim, etc. 
 
 Chloraloxylose (klo-ral-o-zi' '-loz) [chloral; 
 xylose]. A combination of hydrated chloral 
 and xylose. A convulsivant. 
 
 Chloralum (klo'-ral-um). Crude aluminium 
 chlorid mixed with various sodium and 
 calcium salts; a disinfectant. 
 
 Chloramid (klo' -ram-id) . Same as Chloralamid. 
 
 Chloranemia (klor-an-e'-me-ah). Synonym 
 of Chlorosis. 
 
 Chloranodyne (klor-an'-o-din) [chlorin; ano- 
 dyne]. A proprietary remedy, introduced as 
 an improvement on chlorodyne. It contains 
 
 morphin hydrochlorid, tincture of cannabis 
 indica, chloroform, dilute hydrocyanic acid, 
 and aromatics. Dose for an adult 15 min. 
 (1 Cc). 
 
 Chlorargentate (klor-ar'-j en-tat). A combina- 
 tion of silver chlorid with the chlorid of 
 some other radicle or element. 
 
 Chlorarsenous (klor-ar-se'-nus). Arsenous 
 and also containing chlorin. 
 
 Chlorate (klo' -rat) [chlorin]. A salt of chloric 
 acid. 
 
 Chlorated (klo'-ra-ted). Containing, combined 
 with, or charged with chlorin. 
 
 Chlorazol (klo'-raz-ol). A highly toxic, oily 
 liquid, obtained from albumin, glutin, or 
 dried muscle by action of strong nitric and 
 hydrochloric acids. 
 
 Chlorbenzoyl (klor-ben'-zo-il). See Benzoyl 
 Chlorid. 
 
 Chlorbromid (kldr-bro'-mid). A combination 
 of a radicle with chlorin and bromin. 
 
 Chlorcamphor (klor -kam' -for). A name for 
 several compounds of chlorin and camphor. 
 
 Chlorepatitis (klor-ep-at-i'-tis) [chlorin; hepa- 
 titis]. Chronic hepatitis combined with chlo- 
 rosis. 
 
 Chlorephidrosis (klor -ef -id-ro' -sis) \chlorin; 
 i(f>cdpoocg, perspiration]. A condition charac- 
 terized by greenish perspiration. 
 
 Chlorethylene (klor-eth'-il-en). A substance 
 formed from ethylene by replacement of one 
 or more atoms of hydrogen with chlorin. 
 C. Chlorid, C. Dichlorid, C 2 H 3 C1 3 , an oil 
 with odor like that of ethene chlorid, boiling 
 at 115 C; employed as an anesthetic. 
 
 Chlorethylidene (klor-eth' -il-id-en). A chlorin 
 substitution-compound of ethylidene. C. 
 Chlorid, C. Dichlorid, C 2 H 4 C1 2 , a liquid 
 used as an anesthetic. Syn., Chlorinated 
 ethyl chlorid; Mono chlorethylidene dichlorid. 
 
 Chloretone (klor'-et-on). See Acetone Chloro- 
 form. 
 
 Chlorhematin (klor -hem' -a-tin). See Hemin. 
 
 Chlorhydria (klor-hi'-dre-ah). An excess of 
 hydrochloric acid in the stomach. 
 
 Chlorhydric (klor-hi'-drik). Composed of 
 chlorin and hydrogen; hydrochloric. 
 
 Chloric (klo'-rik) [chlorin]. Pertaining to 
 or containing chlorin. C. Acid. See Acid, 
 Chloric. C. Ether. 1. See Ethyl Chlorid. 
 2. See Chloroform, Spirit of. 
 
 Chlorid (klo'-rid) [chlorin]. A binary com- 
 pound, one of the elements of which is chlorin. 
 C, Methyl-. See under Anesthetic, Local. 
 
 Chlorin (klo'-rin) [x^ojpog, green]. Chlorum. 
 CI = 35.5; quantivalence I. A greenish- 
 yellow gas, prepared by decomposing sodium 
 chlorid, NaCl. It is highly irritative to the 
 skin and mucous membranes, producing spas- 
 modic closure of the glottis. It is a valuable 
 disinfectant. The liquor calcis chloridi (B. P.) 
 contains 1 pound of the salt to a gallon of 
 water. Chlorid of lime (calx chlorinata, JJ '. S. 
 P.), a hypochlorite of calcium, contains free 
 chlorin and is a valuable disinfectant. Dose, 
 internally, 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). C.- 
 hunger, the condition of the body when 
 
CHLORINATED 
 
 271 
 
 CHLOROPHYL 
 
 chlorin (usually in the form of common 
 salt) is lacking. Among the immediate 
 results of this deficiency are indigestion and 
 albuminuria. C. -vapor (B. P.), used for 
 inhalation. C. -water {liquor chlori composi- 
 tus, U. S. P.), contains 4% of the gas in 
 solution. It is a good antiseptic wash. Dose 
 internally 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Chlorinated (klo' - rin - a - led). Containing 
 chlorin or combined with it. 
 
 Chloriodoform (klo-ri-o' -do-form), CHC1 2 I. A 
 yellow oil obtained from chloroform by 
 replacement of one atom of chlorin by an 
 atom of iodin; it boils at 131 C. and does 
 not solidify. 
 
 Chloriodolipol (klo-ri-o-do-lip'-ol). A com- 
 bination of creasote and chlorinated phenols, 
 a disinfectant and antiseptic; in surgery, 2 
 to 3 % solution is employed; for inhalation 
 in diseases of the air-passages, 5 % solution. 
 
 Chloroalbumin (klo-ro-al f -bu-min). A deriva- 
 tive of peptone, protogen, or albumoses by 
 action of chlorin. 
 
 Chlorobrom {klo'-ro-brom) [chlorin; bromin]. 
 A solution each ounce of which contains 30 
 grains of chloralamid and of potassium bromid. 
 It is hypnotic and useful in sea-sickness. 
 
 Chlorobromhydrin (klo-ro-brom-hi f -drin). A 
 substance formed from glycerol by replace- 
 ment of two molecules of hydroxy! with one 
 atom of chlorin and one of bromin. Syn., 
 Allyl chlorobromhydrin. 
 
 Chlorodyne {klo'-ro-din) [chlorin; dduvq, 
 pain]. An English proprietary remedy sup- 
 posed to contain chloroform, ether, morphin, 
 cannabis indica, hydrocyanic acid, and cap- 
 sicum. It is anodyne and narcotic. Dose 
 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Chloroform (klo'-ro-form) [L., chloroformum]. 
 Methyl trichlorid, CHC1 3 . A heavy, color- 
 less liquid obtained by the action of chlorin- 
 ated lime on methyl-alcohol. The commercial 
 article, chloroformum vcnale, contains 2 % 
 of impurities. Administered internally in 
 large doses, chloroform produces narcosis 
 and violent gastroenteritis. In small doses 
 it is antispasmodic and carminative. Chloro- 
 form has an agreeable odor and a sweetish 
 taste. It sohdines in the cold, boils at 62 C, 
 and has a specific gravity at 15 C. of 1.502. 
 Externally it is much employed as an ingre- 
 dient of rubefacient and anodyne hniments. 
 Mixed with a large percentage of air and 
 inhaled, it is one of the most valuable of gen- 
 eral anesthetics, but occasionally (1 : 3000) 
 causes death by cardiac paralysis. See under 
 Anesthetic. Deep injections of chloroform 
 in the vicinity of the sciatic nerve have been 
 recommended in sciatica. Syn., Chloroform- 
 ium; Chloroformyl. C, Alcoholized, a mix- 
 ture of chloroform and alcohol. C, Am- 
 moniated, equal parts of ammonia in alcohol 
 and chloroform; antipyretic and anodyne. 
 C.jAnschutz's, 
 
 (C 6 H 4 < C o)4 . 2CHCI3, 
 
 a crystalline substance which liberates pure 
 
 chloroform on application of gentle heat. Syn., 
 Salicylid chloroform. C, Emulsion of {emul- 
 sum chloroformi, U. S. P.), chloroform, 4; ex- 
 pressed oil of almond, 6; tragacanth, 1.5; 
 water sufficient to make 100 parts. C, Gela- 
 tinized, equal parts of chloroform and white 
 of egg shaken together. C. Liniment (lini- 
 mentum chloroformi, U. S. P.), chloroform, 
 300 Cc; soap liniment, 700 Cc. C. and 
 Morphin, Tincture of (B. P.), a substitute 
 for chlorodyne. Each dose of 10 min. 
 (0.65 Cc.) contains chloroform, ij min.; 
 
 ether, J min. 
 
 alcohol, 
 
 1^ min.; morphin 
 
 acid, I min.; oil of peppermint, ^V m in.; 
 fluidextract of licorice, 1^ min.; treacle 
 and syrup q. s. C, Pictet's, chloroform 
 obtained in a pure state by crystallizing at a 
 low temperature. C, Spirit of {spiritus 
 chloroformi, U. S. P.), pure chloroform, 10; 
 alcohol, 90 parts. Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65- 
 4.0 Cc). C, Tincture of, Compound 
 {tinctura chloroformi composita, B. P.), chloro- 
 form, 2; alcohol, 8; compound tincture of 
 cardamom, 10. Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3- 
 4.0 Cc). C. -water (aqua chloroformi, U. 
 S. P., B. P.). Dose |-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). 
 
 Chloroformin (klo-ro-form'-in). A poison 
 extracted by Auclair from tubercle bacilli. 
 Syn., Chloroformobacillin. 
 
 Chloroformism {klo f -ro-form-izm) [chloroform], 
 1. The use of chloroform to excess for its 
 narcotic effect. 2. The symptoms produced 
 by this use of the drug. 
 
 Chloroformization (klo-ro-form-i-za'-shun). 1. 
 The act of administering chloroform as an 
 anesthetic. 2. The anesthetic results from 
 the inhalation of chloroform. 
 
 Chlorol {klo r -roV). A solution of sodium 
 chlorid, mercury bichlorid, and hydrochloric 
 acid, each, 1 part, and 3^ of copper sulfate 
 in 100 parts of water; it is disinfectant and 
 antiseptic. 
 
 Chlorolin {klo'-ro-lin). A solution said to 
 consist mainly of the chlorphenols; recom- 
 mended as a disinfectant and as an antiseptic 
 wash in 2 to 3 % solution. 
 
 Chloroma {klo-ro'-mali) [yXcupoc, green; 
 o;xa, a tumor]. "Green cancer"; a rare va- 
 riety of sarcoma, of a greenish tint, usually 
 seated upon the periosteum of the bones 
 of the head. 
 
 Chlorophan (klo r -ro-fan) [%Xcop6f, green; q^ahecv, 
 show]. A yellowish-green chromophan. See 
 Chromophan. 
 
 Chlorophthisis (klo-ro-ti f -sis). Pulmonary tu- 
 berculosis associated with chlorosis. 
 
 Chlorophyl (klo'-ro-fil) [ylwpbc, green; <f>uXXov 
 leaf]. The green coloring-matter of plants. 
 It decomposes carbon dioxid, setting free oxy- 
 gen and forming new organic compounds. 
 This decomposition takes place only or 
 chiefly in the presence of sunlight. The 
 chlorophyl is contained in certain parts of 
 the protoplasm of the plant. It is the sub- 
 stance by the agency of which carbohydrates 
 are formed in green plants. 
 
CHLOROPIA 
 
 272 
 
 CHOLECYSTITIS 
 
 Chloropia, Chloropsia (klo-ro'-pe-ah, klo-rop'- 
 se-ah) [xAcopoc, green; o<pcc, vision]. Disordered 
 or defective vision in which all objects 
 appear -green. 
 
 Chloroplastin {klo-ro-plas' -tin) [jXojpbc, green; 
 TzXaozbc, formed]. Schwartz's name for the 
 protoplasm in chlorophyl grains. 
 
 Chloroquinon (klo-ro-kwin' -on) . Any chlorin 
 substitution-compound of quinon. 
 
 Chloro sarcoma (klo-ro-sar-ko'-mah). See 
 Chloroma. 
 
 Chlorosin {klo'-ro-siri). A compound of albu- 
 min and chlorin, used in gastric catarrh. 
 
 Chlorosis (klo-ro'-sis) [xXojpbc, green]. The 
 "green sickness." A form of anemia, most 
 common in young women, and characterized 
 by a marked reduction of hemoglobin in the 
 blood, with but a slight diminution of red 
 corpuscles. In some cases there is a hyper- 
 plasia of the sexual organs and the heart and 
 large blood-vessels. The symptoms are those 
 of anemia — -a greenish color of the skin, 
 gastric and menstrual disturbances. Syn., 
 Chloranemia; Chloremia; Green sickness; 
 Morbus virgineus; Pallor luteus; Pallor virgin- 
 urn; Parthenosis. C. adultarum, that occur- 
 ring between 30 and 40 years of age. Syn., 
 AcmcBochlorosis; Chlorosis tarda. C. aegyp- 
 tiaca, C. aethiopum, C, Egyptian, un- 
 cinariasis. C. florida, a rare form of chlorosis 
 in which the color is high. C. pituitosa. 
 Synonym of Mucous colitis. C. tarda. 
 See C. adultarum. C, Tropical, C. tropica, 
 uncinariasis. 
 
 Chlorosonin {klo-ro'-son-in). A compound 
 of chloral and hydroxylamin; it is hypnotic. 
 
 Chlorostigma {kio-ro-stig' -mah) [xXcopoc, green; 
 oztypa, stigma]. A genus of plants of the 
 order Asclepiadacece. C. stucker iianum is a 
 plant of South America; the root, stem, and 
 leaves are said to possess powerful galacta- 
 gogic properties. An alkaloid, chlorostigmin, 
 has been extracted. 
 
 Chlorotic {klo-rof -ik) [chlorosis]. 1. Relat- 
 ing to chlorosis. 2. A person affected with 
 chlorosis. 
 
 Chlorous (klor'-us). Containing or combined 
 with chlorin; generally restricted to com- 
 pounds containing chlorin combined with oxy- 
 gen, but containing less oxygen than the 
 chloric compounds. 
 
 Chlorphenol (klor-}e f -nol) [chlorin; phenol], 
 C 6 H 4 C1. OH. Monochlorphenol, a substance 
 possessed of antiseptic properties. It is re- 
 commended for inhalation in diseases of the 
 respiratory passages. 
 
 Chlorphenyl (klor-}en f -il). A substance ob- 
 tained from trichlorphenic acid bv action of 
 nitric acid. C. Salicylate, C 6 H 4 (OH)CO . - 
 OC 6 H 4 Cl, a crystalline substance obtained 
 from a mixture of orthochlorphenol and 
 parachlorphenol by action of phosphorus 
 pentachlorid. The ortho-compound, chlor- 
 salol, is used as a surgical antiseptic; the 
 para-compound, as a substitute for phenyl 
 salicylate. Dose 60-90 gr. (4-6 Gm.) daily. 
 Syn., Salicylic chlorphenol ester. 
 
 Chlorsalol (kldr'-sal-ol). See under Chlorphenyl 
 Salicylate. 
 
 Chlorum (klo'-rum) [chlorin]. The official 
 pharmaceutic name of chlorin. See Chlorin. 
 
 Chloryl (klo'-ril). A mixture of ethyl and 
 methyl chlorids; an anesthetic. Syn., Coryl. 
 
 Choana (ko'-an-ah) [%oavT), a funnel]. 1. A 
 funnel-like opening. 2. A name applied to 
 the posterior nasal orifices. 
 
 Choanoid (ko 1 '-an-oid) [choana; eWof, likeness]. 
 Funnel-shaped. 
 
 Chocolate (chok' -ol-dt) [Mex., chocolatl, choco- 
 late]. A dried paste prepared from the pow- 
 der of cacao-seeds (see Cacao) with various 
 mucilaginous and amylaceous ingredients. It 
 is used to prepare a beverage, and also as a 
 vehicle, especially for quinin. C, Acorn-, 
 a mixture of ground acorns with pure choco- 
 late, prepared according to the formula of Lieb- 
 reich by Stollwerk, of Cologne. It contains 
 nearly 2 % of tannic acid and is used in the 
 dietetic management of diarrhea in enteritis. 
 
 Choke (chok) [ME., choken, to choke]. To 
 suffocate; to prevent access of air to the lungs 
 by compression of or by obstructing the trachea. 
 C. -cherry, the fruit of Prunus virginiana 
 (not of the Pharmacopeia), common in the 
 United States. It is antispasmodic, tonic, 
 and slightly astringent. 
 
 Choked Disc (chokd). See Papillitis. 
 
 Choi-, Cholo- (kol-, kol-o-) footf, bile]. Pre- 
 fixes meaning bile. 
 
 Cholagog, Cholagogue (koV -ag - og) [chol-; 
 ayojybc;, leading]. 1. Stimulating the flow or 
 the secretion of bile. 2. Any agent that 
 promotes the flow of bile. 
 
 Cholalic Acid (kol-a' -lik) . See Acid, Cholic. 
 
 Cholangiostomy (kol-an-je-os'-to-me) [chol-; 
 dyyelov, vessel; oxbpa, mouth]. The forma- 
 tion of a. fistula into the gall-bladder. 
 
 Cholangiotomy (kol-an-je-ot'-o-me) [chol-; 
 dyyeiov, vessel; ropr/, a cutting]. The inci- 
 sion of an intrahepatic bile-duct for the re- 
 moval of a calculus. 
 
 Cholangitis (kol-an-ji' -tis) [chol-; dyyelov, 
 vessel; it eg, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 a bile-duct. C, Obliterative, closure of the 
 bile-ducts the result of inflammation. 
 
 Cholecyanin (kol-e-si-an' -in) . Synonym of 
 Bilicyanin. 
 
 Cholecyst (kol'-e-sist) [chol-; kuotic, a blad- 
 der]. The gall-bladder. 
 
 Cholecystectomy (kol-e-sis-tek' -to-me) [chole- 
 cyst; iKxop.ii, a cutting off]. Excision of the 
 gall-bladder. 
 
 Cholecystenterorrhaphy {kol-e-sist-en-ter-or'- 
 af-e) [cholecyst; enter or rhaphy]. The opera- 
 tion of suturing the gall-bladder to the small 
 intestine. 
 
 Cholecystenterostomy (kol-e-sist-en-ter-os' -to- 
 me) [cholecyst; enterostomy]. The artificial 
 establishment of a communication between 
 the gall-bladder and the intestine. 
 
 Cholecystitis (kol-e-sis-ti'-tis) [cholecyst; ace, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the gall- 
 bladder. C., Eberth's, that due to Bacillus 
 typhi abdominalis. 
 
CHOLECYSTOCOLOTOMY 
 
 273 
 
 CHOLERA 
 
 Cholecystocolotomy {kol-e-sis-to-ko-lot 1 '-o-me) 
 [cholecyst; colotomy]. Incision into the gall- 
 bladder and colon. 
 
 Cholecystoduodenostomy (kol-e-sist-o-du-od- 
 'en-os' -to-me) [cholecyst; duodenostomy]. The 
 establishment of an artificial communication 
 between the gall-bladder and the duodenum. 
 
 Cholecystogastrostomy ikol-e-sist-o-gas-tros' - 
 to-me) [cholecyst; gastrostomy]. The forma- 
 tion of an opening between the gall-bladder 
 and the stomach. 
 
 Cholecystoileostomy (kol-e-sist-o-il-e-os' '-to-me) 
 [cholecyst; ileostomy]. The formation of an 
 opening between the gall-bladder and the 
 ileum. 
 
 Cholecystojejunostomy {kol-e-sist-o-je-jun-os' - 
 ib-me) [cholecyst; jejunostomy]. The estab- 
 lishment of a communication between the 
 gall-bladder and the jejunum. 
 
 Cholecystolithotripsy {kol-e-sis-to-lith-ot' -rip- 
 se) [cholecyst; Xcdoc, a stone; Tp'cfiecv, to 
 crush]. The crushing of gall-stones in the 
 gall-bladder. 
 
 Cholecystorrhaphy (kol-e-sist-or'-af-e) [chole- 
 cyst; pd(f>rj, a seam]. Suture of the gall-blad- 
 der, especially suture to the abdominal wall. 
 
 Cholecystectomy {kol-e-sist-os' -to-me) [chole- 
 cyst; azo/ia, mouth]. The establishment of an 
 opening into the gall-bladder. 
 
 Cholecystotomy {kol-e-sist-ot' -o-me) [cholecyst; 
 TS}it>etv, to cut]. Incision of the gall-bladder 
 to remove gall-stones, etc. 
 
 Choledocholithiasis {kol-e-dok-o-lith-i' -as-is) 
 [choledochus; lithiasis]. The formation of a cal- 
 culus in the common bile-duct. 
 
 Choledocholithotomy (kol-e-dok-o-lith-ot f -o- 
 me) [choledochus; lithotomy]. The incision of 
 the common bile-duct for the removal of 
 gall-stones. 
 
 Choledochotomy (kol-ed-o- kot'- o - me) [chole- 
 dochus; rofxrj, section]. An incision into the 
 - common bile-duct. 
 
 Choledochus ikol-ed' -o-kus) [xoXrj, bile; de^eo- 
 dac, to receive]. Receiving or holding bile. 
 C, Ductus communis, the common excre- 
 tory duct of the liver and gall-bladder. 
 
 Choleglobin (kol-e-glo' -bin) [x°^V, bile; globin]. 
 Latschenberger's name for the antecedent 
 of bile-pigment, resulting, in his estimation, 
 from the decomposition of the coloring-mat- 
 ter of blood. 
 
 Choleic (kol-e'-ik) [^oAtj, bile]. Pertaining to the 
 bile. 
 
 Cholelithiasis (kol-e-lith-i' '-as-is) [xoXtj, bile; 
 lithiasis]. The presence of, or a condition 
 associated with, calculi in the gall-bladder or 
 in a gall-duct. 
 
 Cholelithotomy (kol-e-lith-ot'-o-me) [chole- 
 lithiasis; rifivecv, to cut]. An incision for the 
 removal of gall-stones. 
 
 Cholelithotripsy (kol-e-lith-ot-rip' -se) [chole- 
 lithiasis; xp"c<pcc, a rubbing]. The operation 
 of crushing a gall-stone. 
 
 Cholelithotrity {kol-e-lith-ot'-re-te). See Chole- 
 lithotripsy. 
 
 Cholemia (kol-e' '-me-ah) [xoXrj, bile ; a lp.a, blood]. 
 The presence of bile in the blood, 
 19 
 
 Choleplania {kol-e-pla' -ne-ah) [xoXtj, bile; 
 nhavr), a wandering]. Jaundice. 
 
 Cholepyrrhin {kol-e-pir f -in) [xoXrj, bile; nuppbc, 
 orange-colored]. 1. The brown coloring- 
 matter of bile. Syn., Bilepyrrhin. 2. Bili- 
 rubin. 
 
 Cholera (koV-er-ah) [xoXkpa, from x°^]-> bile]. 
 1. A name given to a number of acute dis- 
 eases characterized mainly by large discharges 
 of fluid material from the bowels, vomit- 
 ing, and collapse. 2. A synonym of Asiatic 
 cholera. C, Asiatic, C, Algid, an acute, 
 specific, highly malignant disease, exist- 
 ing in India and the tropics of Asia during 
 the entire year, and occasionally spreading 
 as an epidemic over large areas. It is char- 
 acterized by vomiting, alvine discharges re- 
 sembling flocculent rice-water, severe cramps, 
 and collapse. The -rate of mortality varies 
 from"" 10 to 66 %, the average being over 50 %. 
 The cause is the comma bacillus of Koch, 
 which is always found in the rice-water dis- 
 charges. The germs commonly gain entrance 
 into the system by means of the drinking- 
 water. C. asphyctica, Asiatic cholera 
 marked by early collapse and speedy death. 
 C, Barbel. See under Barbel. C., Bil- 
 ious, a form of the disease attended with ex- 
 cessive discharge of bile. C.-blue. See 
 under Pigment. C. -cells, C. -corpuscles, 
 fungi found in dejecta of cholera patients. C . , 
 Chicken, a very fatal epidemic disease of 
 fowls, marked by tumefaction of the lymphatic 
 glands, with inflammation and ulceration of 
 the digestive organs. C, English. See C. 
 morbus. C, Epidetnic. Synonym of Asiatic 
 cholera. C. -fever. 1. Cholera- typhoid. 2. 
 Intermittent cholera. C, Hog, an infec- 
 tious disease attacking swine and aharac- 
 terized by- a patchy redness of the skin, with 
 inflammation and ulceration of the bowels, 
 enlargement of the abdominal glands, and 
 congestion of the lungs. C. infantum, the 
 "summer complaint" of infants and young 
 children; an acute disease occurring in warm 
 weather, and characterized by pftin, vomiting, 
 purgation, fever, and prostration. The disease 
 is supposed to be caused by the bacillus of Shiga, 
 and is favored by the prolonged action of 
 heat, together with errors in diet and hygiene. 
 It is most common among the poor and in 
 hand-fed babes. The disease is of short dura- 
 tion, death frequently ensuing in from 3 to 
 5 days. C, Intermittent, a form of simple 
 cholera sometimes accompanying the onset of 
 tertian fevers. C, Malignant, Asiatic chol- 
 era. C. morbus, an acute catarrhal inflam- 
 mation of the mucous membrane of the stom- 
 . ach and intestine, with pain, purging, vomit- 
 ing, spasmodic contractions of the muscles, 
 etc. It is a disease of the heated term and 
 is very similar to Asiatic cholera in its symp- 
 tomatology. C. nostras. Same as C. morbus. 
 C. orientalis, Asiatic cholera. C.-red. See 
 under Pigment. C. sicca, a term applied to 
 those cases of Asiatic cholera in which rice- 
 water liquid is found in the intestine after 
 
CHOLERAIC 
 
 274 
 
 CHONDROGEN 
 
 death, though none had been voided during 
 life. C. suppressa. See C. sicca. C- 
 typhoid, a soporific condition resembling ty- 
 phus, lasting from 2 to 7 days, and attributed 
 to uremia resulting from acute nephritis. It 
 frequently follows Asiatic cholera. 
 
 Choleraic (kol-er-a'-ik) [cholera]. Pertaining 
 to or resembling cholera. C. Diarrhea, 
 diarrhea characterized by a profuse, ex- 
 hausting discharge of watery material. 
 
 Cholerase (kol'-er-dz). The special bacterio- 
 lytic enzym of the cholera vibrio. Cf. 
 Pyocyanase and Ty phase. 
 
 Choleric (kol'-er-ik). 1. Having abundant 
 bile. 2. Applied to a temperament easily 
 excited to anger. 3. Choleraic. 
 
 Cholerine {kol-er-en') [dim. of cholera]. A 
 mild form of Asiatic cholera, or the initial 
 stage of a more severe form. 
 
 Cholero typhus {kol-er-o-ti'-fus). 1. See Chol- 
 era-typhoid. 2. The most malignant type of 
 Asiatic cholera. 
 
 Cholerythrin (kol-er-ith'-rin). See Bilirubin. 
 
 Cholestearin (kol-es-te'-ar-in). See Choles- 
 terin. 
 
 Cholesteatoma {kol-es-te-at-o f -mah) [choles- 
 terin; bp.a, tumor]. A teratoid tumor con- 
 taining plates of cholesterin, epithelial cells, 
 hair, and other dermal structures, and occur- 
 ring most frequently in the brain. 
 
 Cholestegnosis (kol-e-steg-no' -sis) [xoXjj, bile; 
 azkyvcoocg, a making close]. Thickening of 
 the bile. 
 
 Cholesteremia, Cholesterinemia (kol-es-ter- 
 e'-me-ah, kol-es-ter-in-e' '-me-ah) [cholesterin; 
 aljia, blood]. The morbid state resulting 
 from the retention of cholesterin in the blood. 
 The condition is probably due to the reten- 
 tion of the bile-acids. 
 
 Cholesterilins {kol-es-ter' -il-ins) . Hydrocar- 
 bons formed from cholesterin by action of con- 
 centrated sulfuric acid, and supposed to stand 
 in close relationship to the terpene group. 
 
 Cholesterin {kol-es'-ter-in) {joXr^, bile; oriap, 
 fat], C 26 H 44 or C 25 H 42 0. A monatomic 
 alcohol, a constituent of bile, gall-stones, 
 nervous tissue, egg-yolk, and blood, and some- 
 times found in foci of fatty degeneration. It 
 is a glistening, white, crystalline substance, 
 soapy to the touch, crystallizing in fine 
 needles and rhombic plates. It is insoluble 
 in water, soluble in hot alcohol, ether, or 
 chloroform. It is held in solution in the bile 
 by the bile-salts; it is levorotatory. The 
 power of immunizing against and neutralizing 
 snake-venom is attributed to it. C.,. Tests for. 
 See Liebermann-Burchard, Obermueller, Sal- 
 kowski, Schiff, Schultze. 
 
 Choletelin (kol-e? '-el-in) [cholin; rrjXoc, com- 
 pletion], C 16 H 18 N 2 6 . An amorphous, solu- 
 ble, yellow pigment derived from biliru- 
 bin. It is the final product of the oxidation 
 of bile-pigments. It is readily soluble in 
 alkalis, alcohol, and chloroform. 
 
 Choletherapy (kol-e-ther' '-ap-e) [cholin; 'therapy]. 
 The remedial use of bile. 
 
 Choleuria (kol-e-u'-re-ah) [xoXi), bile; o&pov, 
 urine]. The presence of bile in the urine. 
 
 Cholic (kol'-ik) [xoXtj, bile]. Pertaining to the 
 bile. C. Acid. See Acid, Cholic. 
 
 Cholicele (kol'-is-el) [%oXij, bile; ktjXt], a tumor]. 
 A tumor of the gall-bladder, due to accumula- 
 tion of bile. 
 
 Cholin (kol'-in) [xoXr), bile], C 5 H 15 N0 2 . A sub- 
 stance found among the products of the de- 
 composition of hog's bile and ox bile. It 
 is also found in the extracts of the suprare- 
 nals, and is a product of the decomposition 
 of lecithin. 
 
 Choloidinic Acid (kol-oi-din'-ik), C 24 H 38 4 . 
 A decomposition-product of cholic acid. 
 
 Chololith {koV -o-litK) [xoXrj, bile; Xcdoe, stone]. 
 A gall-stone. 
 
 Cholosis (kol-o'-sis) [xoXtj, bile]. 1 . Any disease 
 caused by or associated with a perversion 
 of the biliary secretion. 2. Lameness. C. 
 americana, yellow fever. 
 
 Chondral {kon'-dral) [chondrus]. Cartilagin- 
 ous; relating to or composed of cartilage. 
 
 Chondrification (kon-drif -ik-a' -shun) [chon- 
 drus; facer e, to make]. The process of being 
 converted into cartilage. 
 
 Chondrin {kon'-drin) [chondrus]. A substance 
 obtained from the matrix of hyaline cartilage 
 by boiling. It resembles gelatin in general 
 properties, but differs from it in not being 
 precipitated by tannic acid. C. Balls, -a 
 substance found in cartilage and composed 
 of chondromucoid and chondroitic acid. 
 
 Chondritis {kon-dri' -tis) [chondro-; tttf, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of a cartilage. 
 
 Chondro- (kon-dro-) [chondrus]. A prefix mean- 
 ing relating to cartilage. 
 
 Chondroblast {kon' -dro-blasf) [chondro-; [IXao- 
 rof, germ]. A cell of developing cartilage. 
 
 Chondrocele ikon' -dro-seT) [chondro-; K-qX-q, a 
 tumor]. A sarcocele containing masses resem- 
 bling cartilage. 
 
 Chondrocoracoid {kon-dro-kor'-ak-oid). Re- 
 lating to a costal cartilage and to the coracoid 
 process of the scapula. 
 
 Chondro costal (kon-dro-kos'-tal) [chondro-; 
 costa, a rib]. Relating to the ribs and their 
 cartilages. 
 
 Chondro cranium (kon-dro-kra'-ne-um) [chon- 
 dro-; cranium]. The cartilaginous cranium, 
 as of the embryo. 
 
 Chondrocrasis (kon-dro-kra f -sis) [chondro-; 
 update, a mixing]. The diseased state of 
 the cartilages accompanying leprosy. 
 
 Chondro dendron (kon-dro-den'-dron) [chondro-; 
 dkvdpov, a tree]. A genus of South American 
 menispermaceous climbing plants. C. glaber- 
 rimum and C. iomentosum are among the 
 plants that furnish pareira . 
 
 Chondrodialysis (kon-dro-di-al f -is-is) [chon- 
 dro-; dialysis]. The decomposition of cartilage. 
 
 Chondroepiphysis {kon-dro-ep-if'-is-is) [chon- 
 dro-; epiphysis]. A cartilage which later 
 develops into a bony epiphysis. 
 
 Chondrogen {kon'-dro-jen) [chondro-; yevvdv, 
 to beget]. A substance forming a part 
 of the tissue of imperfectly developed cartilage. 
 
CHONDROMA 
 
 275 
 
 CHOREA 
 
 Chondroma (kon-dro'-mah) [chondro-; o/ia, 
 tumor]. A cartilaginous tumor. 
 
 Chondroma of Hand. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Chondromalacia (kon - dro - mal - a' - se - ah) 
 [chondro-; [xaXaKia, softening]. Softening 
 of a cartilage. C. auris. Same as Hem- 
 atoma auris. 
 
 Chondromucoid (kon-dro-mu'-koid). A mucin 
 found in cartilage. Cf. Osseomucoid; Tendo- 
 mucoid. 
 
 Chondromyoma (kon-dro-mi-o'-mah) [chon- 
 dro-; myoma]. A neoplasm presenting 
 the characteristics of both chondroma and 
 myoma. 
 
 Chondrophyma (kon-dro-fi'-mah) [chondro-; 
 <j>up.a, a growth]. i. A tumor of a cartilage. 
 
 2. A neoplasm with cartilaginous elements. 
 
 3. See Chondrophyte. 
 
 Chondro phyte {kon' -dro -fit) [chondro-; <f>urov, 
 a plant]. A fungous neoplasm springing from 
 a cartilage. 
 
 Chondroplast (kon' -dro-plast) . See Chondro- 
 mas t. 
 
 Chondroporosis (kon-dro-por-o'-sis) [chon- 
 dro-; nopoc, a passage]. The thinning of 
 cartilage by the formation of spaces, occur- 
 ring during the process of ossification. 
 
 Chondrosarcoma (kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah) [chon- 
 dro-; sarcoma]. A tumor composed of car- 
 tilaginous and sarcomatous tissue. 
 
 Chondrosis (kon-dro'-sis) [chondrus]. 1. For- 
 mation of cartilage. 2. A cartilaginous tumor. 
 
 Chondrosternal (kon-dro-ster'-nal). Pertain- 
 ing to the sternum and costal cartilages. 
 
 Chondrosyndesmus (kon-dro-sin-dez'-mus) . 
 See Synchondrosis. 
 
 Chondrotome (kon'-dro-tom) [chondro-; rkjivecv, 
 to cut]. An instrument for cutting cartilage. 
 
 Chondro tomy (kon-drot'-o-me) [see Chondro- 
 tome]. The division of a cartilage. 
 
 Chondroxiphoid (kon-dro-zi'-foid) . Pertaining 
 to the costal cartilages and the ensiform cartil- 
 age. 
 
 Chondrus (kon'-drus) [%6i>dpoc, a grain; car- 
 tilage]. 1. Irish moss. The substance of 
 the algae C. crispus and C. mammillosus. 
 These yield, on boiling with water, a soluble 
 colloid consisting mainly of mucilage. This 
 is demulcent and somewhat nutrient. Dose 
 indefinite. 2. A cartilage; the ensiform car- 
 tilage. 
 
 Chopart's Amputation (sho-par(r) ). An 
 amputation of the foot consisting of a disar- 
 ticulation through the tarsal bones, leaving 
 only the os calcis and the astragalus. C.'s 
 Joint, the mediotarsal articulation; the line 
 of articulation which separates the astragalus 
 and os calcis from the remaining tarsal bones. 
 
 Chorda (kor'-dah) [L.]. A cord, tendon, or 
 nerve-filament. Chordae arteriarum umbil- 
 icalium, the lateral ligaments of the blad- 
 der. C. dorsalis. See Notochord. C. 
 spermatica, the spermatic cord. C. ten- 
 dinea, any one of the tendinous strings con- 
 necting the papillary muscles of the heart 
 with the auriculoventricular valves. C. tym- 
 pani. See under Nerve. C. venae umbili- 
 calis, the round ligament of the liver. C. 
 vocalis, a vocal band. 
 
 Chordee (kor-de') [chorda]. A painful curved 
 erection of the penis with concavity down- 
 ward. The corpus spongiosum being infil- 
 trated from urethral inflammation, does not 
 fill with blood during erection, and so acts 
 like a bow-string. 
 
 Chorditis (kor-di' -tis) [chorda; czcc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of a vocal band. C. 
 nodosa, inflammatory growths occurring on 
 the free edge of the vocal cord at the junc- 
 tion of the anterior and middle third. Syn., 
 Singers' nodes. 
 
 Chordurethritis (kor-du-re-thri'-tis). 
 Chordee. 
 
 Chorea (ko-re'-ah) [^opeca, dancing]. 
 
 Vitus' dance. A functional nervous disorder, 
 usually occurring in youth, characterized by 
 irregular and involuntary action of the mus- 
 cles of the extremities, face, etc., with gen- 
 eral muscular weakness. Frequently a mi- 
 tral systolic murmur is heard, often hemic, 
 but in a large proportion of cases due to en- 
 docarditis, and there seems to be a close re- 
 lation between the two diseases. Rheumatism 
 often coexists. Chorea may be caused by a 
 number of conditions, among which are fright 
 and reflex irritation. It affects girls about 
 three times as frequently as boys. Occasion- 
 ally a form of chorea is seen in the adult, 
 and may become a serious complication of 
 pregnancy, resulting in the death of both fetus 
 and mother. When it occurs late in life, it 
 generally resists treatment. Syn., Chorea 
 anglorum; Chorea sancti viti; Epilepsia 
 saltatoris; St. John's dance. C, Bilateral, 
 that due to cerebral lesions causing de- 
 velopment of choreic symptoms on both 
 sides of the body. C, Buttonmaker's, 
 a form of chorea occurring in persons em- 
 ployed in making buttons. C, Cardiac, a 
 
 See 
 
 St. 
 
CHOREA 
 
 276 
 
 CHORION 
 
 form marked by palpitation and other car- 
 diac disorders. C, Chronic Progressive, 
 Hoffmann's name for Huntington's chorea. 
 C, Congenital. Synonym of Birth-palsy . C. 
 cordis. See C, Cardiac. C. -corpuscles 
 (Elischer), peculiar cells found in the brain 
 in cases of chorea and regarded as pathog- 
 nomonic; they have, however, been found 
 in the brains of those who have never had 
 the disease. C, Dancing, hysteric chorea 
 marked by rhythmic dancing movements . C . - 
 demonomania, epidemic chorea. C, Dia- 
 phragmatic, spasm of the diaphragm. C. 
 dimidiata, hemichorea. C, Electric. See 
 Dubini's Disease. C, Epidemic. See Choro- 
 niania. C, Essential, that occurring inde- 
 pendently and not as a symptom of some 
 other disease. C, Facial, convulsive tic. 
 C, False. See C, Symptomatic. C, Gen- 
 eral, a form of chorea in which all or almost 
 all of the voluntary muscles are subject to 
 irregular contractions. C. gravidarum, in- 
 tractable chorea occurring during pregnancy, 
 toward its close sometimes aggravated and 
 attended with fever. C. gravis, severe and 
 dangerous cases of chorea. C, Habit-. See 
 Habit-spasm. C, Hammering, a form 
 marked by coordinated rhythmic spasm in 
 consequence of which persistent hammering 
 with the fist upon some object will be in- 
 dulged in. C, Hereditary. See C, Hunt- 
 ingdon's. C, Huntingdon's, a hereditary 
 affection of adult or middle life, characterized 
 by irregular movements, disturbance of speech, 
 and gradual dementia. C, Hysteric. See 
 C. major. C, Imaginative, choromania. 
 C, Imitative, choreic movements developed 
 in children from association with choreic 
 subjects. C, Infantile. See C. minor. C. 
 insaniens, maniacal chorea; a grave form 
 of chorea usually seen in women, and as- 
 sociated with mania, and generally ending 
 fatally. It may develop during pregnancy. 
 C. laryngea, C., Laryngeal, C. laryngis. 
 i. A condition attended with clonic spasm 
 of the laryngeal muscles and marked by in- 
 ability to sustain coordinate action. 2. A 
 condition marked by spasmodic motions of 
 some of the muscles of expiration, causing 
 a cry. C, Limp, West's name for a sequel 
 of motor paralysis in children marked by 
 very slight choreic movements. C. major, 
 a form of hysteria in which there are con- 
 tinual regular oscillatory movements. C, 
 Maniacal. See C. insaniens. C, Meta- 
 paralytic, C, Methemiplegic. See C, 
 Postparalytic. C, Methodic. See C. major. 
 C, Mimetic. See C, Imitative. C. minor, 
 simple chorea. C. mollis. See Hemi- 
 plegia, Choreic. C, Morvan's, fibrillary con- 
 tractions of the muscles of the calves and 
 posterior portion of the thighs, often ex- 
 tending to the trunk and upper extrem- 
 ities, but leaving the face and neck in- 
 tact. Syn., Choree fibrillaire de Morvan. 
 C. neuralgica, convulsive tic. C. nu- 
 
 tans, that attended with nodding motions. 
 C. oculi, choreic movements of the eyes 
 due to cerebral lesions. C. pandemica. See 
 Dubini's Disease. C, Paralytic (Gowers). 
 See Hemiplegia, Choreic. C, Partial, im- 
 perfect choreic movements associated with 
 contractures, due to cerebral lesion. C, 
 Posthemiplegic, C, Postparalytic, a form 
 of involuntary movement seen in patients 
 after an attack of hemiplegia. C, Prehemi- 
 plegic, C, Prohemiplegic, choreic spasms 
 of the hands or feet forerunning hemiplegia. 
 C. procursiva. Synonym of Paralysis agi- 
 tans. C, School-made, chorea resulting 
 from overstimulation of children at school. 
 C, Secondary. See C, Symptomatic. C. 
 semilateralis, hemichorea. C. senilis. 1. 
 Paralysis agitans. 2. The trembling inci- 
 dent to age. C, Sydenham's, chorea minor; 
 infectious chorea. C, Symptomatic, that 
 dependent upon some organic disease. C, 
 Unilateral. See Hemichorea. 
 
 Choreic (ko-re'-ik) [chorea]. Relating to, of 
 the nature of, or affected with chorea. 
 
 Choreiform (ko-re'-if-orm) [chorea; forma, 
 form]. Resembling chorea. 
 
 Choremania, Chore omania {ko-re-ma'-ne-ah, 
 ko-re-o-ma'-ne-ah) [chorea; [lav'ca, madness]. 
 Synonym of Choromania. 
 
 Choriocapillaris {ko-re-o-kap-il-a'-ris) [chor- 
 ion; capillus, a hair]. The network of 
 capillaries over the inner portion of the 
 choroid coat of the eye. 
 
 Chorioepithelioma (ko-re-o-ep-e-the-le-o' -mah). 
 See Deciduoma. C. benignum, degenerated 
 relics of fetal epithelium or epiblast in the 
 maternal tissues. C. malignum, March- 
 and's (1895) name for an epithelioma due to 
 malignant degeneration of fetal epiblast left 
 in the maternal tissues. Syn., Deciduoma 
 malignum; Sarcoma ■ deciduo cellular e; Syncy- 
 tioma malignum. 
 
 Chorioid {ko'-re-oid). See Choroid. 
 
 Chorioidal (ko-re-oid'-al). See Choroid (2). 
 
 Chorioideal Tubercle {ko-re-oid' -e-al tu'-ber-kX) . 
 See Choroid Tubercle. 
 
 Chorioideremia {ko-re-oid-er-e f -me-ah). See 
 Choroideremia . 
 
 Chorioiditis (ko-re-oid^i'-tis). See Choroiditis. 
 
 Chorioma (ko-re-o' -mah) [chorion; op.a, tumor]. 
 A neoplasm developed from the chorion. 
 
 Chorion {ko'-re-on) [ibptov, skin; fetal mem- 
 brane]. The outermost of the fetal membranes, 
 formed from the vitelline membrane, the 
 false amnion, and the allantois. The chorion 
 lies between the amnion and the deciduas 
 (reflexa and vera). C, Cystic Degenera- 
 tion of, a myxoma of the chorion, producing 
 the socalled "hydatid mole." It is charac- 
 terized by rapid increase in the size of the 
 uterus, hemorrhage, often profuse, beginning 
 during the second month of pregnancy, and 
 the discharge of small cysts, whitish in ap- 
 pearance, surrounded by bloody clots. These 
 cysts vary in size from a pin-head to *a filbert. 
 C. frondosum, C, Shaggy, the part covered 
 by villi. It helps to form the placenta. C. 
 
CHORIONIC 
 
 277 
 
 CHROMIDROSIS 
 
 laeve, the mefnbranous portion of the cho- 
 rion. 
 
 Chorionic (ko-re-on'-ik) [chorion]. Relating to 
 the chorion. 
 
 Chorionin (ko-re-on' '-in) . A name given by 
 Bronchacourt (1902) to a preparation made 
 from sheep's placenta by submitting it to 
 pressure without heat. The juice thus ex- 
 pressed is made palatable with syrup after 
 being sterilized with ammonium fluorid; em- 
 ployed as a galactagog. 
 
 Chorionitis (ko-re-on-i' '-tis) . See Scleroderma. 
 
 Chorioretinitis {ko-re-o-ret-in-i f -tis) . See 
 Choroidoretinitis . 
 
 Choroid (ko'-roid) {chorion; eldoc 1 , likeness]. 
 1. The vascular tunic of the eye, continuous 
 with the iris in front, and lying between 
 the sclerotic and the retina. 2. Pertaining to 
 the choroid; choroidal. C. Plexus, a vascular 
 plexus in the ventricles of the brain. C. 
 Tubercle, a diagnostic sign of tubercu- 
 lous meningitis found by ophthalmoscopic 
 investigation. 
 
 Choroideremia (ko-roid-er-e 1 '-me-ah) [choroid; 
 iprj/iia, desolation]. Absence of the choroid. 
 
 Choroiditis {ko-roid-i'-tis) [choroid; trig, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the choroid 
 coat of the eye. It may be anterior, 
 the foci of exudation being at the periphery 
 of the choroid; or central, the exudate being 
 in the region of the macula lutea; diffuse 
 or disseminated, characterized by numerous 
 round or irregular spots scattered over the 
 fundus; exudative or nonsuppurative, when 
 there are isolated foci of inflammation scat- 
 tered over the choroid; metastatic, when due 
 to embolism; and suppurative, when proceed- 
 ing to suppuration. C, Areolar, C. areo- 
 laris, that in which the first foci occur near 
 the fovea and extend toward the periphery 
 in constantly increasing distances. C. gut- 
 tata senilis. See Tay's Choroiditis. C. 
 serosa. Synonym of Glaucoma. 
 
 Choroidocyclitis (ko-roid-o -si-Mi' -tis) [choroid; 
 kukXoc, a circle; czcc, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the choroid and of the ciliary 
 body. 
 
 Choroidoiritis (ko-roid-o-i-ri'-tis) [choroid; 
 iritis]. Inflammation of the choroid and the 
 iris. 
 
 Choroidoretinitis {ko-roid-o-rel-in-i'-tis) [cho- 
 roid; retinitis]. Choroiditis associated with 
 retinitis. C, Ametropic, that caused by 
 ametropia. 
 
 Choromania (ko-ro-ma' '-ne-ah) [%d>poc, a dance; 
 fxavia, madness]. A nervous disorder charac- 
 terized by dancing or other rhythmic move- 
 ments; epidemic chorea; dancing mania. 
 
 Choronosologia, Choronosology (ko-ro-no- 
 sol-o'-je-ah, ko-ro-no-sol' -o-je) [%(bpoc, a region; 
 voaoc, a disease ; koyoc, science]. The science 
 of the geographic distribution of diseases or 
 of endemic diseases of some region. 
 
 Christian Science. An alleged system of 
 therapy; a form of faith -cure; Eddyism. 
 
 Christison's Formula. A formula for esti- 
 mating the amount of solids in the urine: 
 
 multiply the last two figures of the specific 
 gravity expressed in four figures by 2.33 (or 
 by 2, Trapp; or by 2.2, Loebisch). This 
 gives the amount of solids in every 1000 
 parts. 
 
 Chroatol (kro f -at-ol) , C 10 H 16 . 2HI. A greenish- 
 yellow, crystalline substance obtained by 
 action of turpentine on iodin; used in powder 
 or ointment in treatment of skin diseases. 
 Syn., Terpiniodohydrate. 
 
 Chroma-, Chromato- [ipti>p.a, color]. Prefixes 
 meaning colored. 
 
 Chromate {kro'-mdt) [xp<I)p.a, color]. Any 
 salt of chromium trioxid. 
 
 Chromatelopsia, Chromatelopsis (kro-mat-e- 
 lop'-se-ah, -sis) [chroma-; dreXrjc, imper- 
 fect; o(J> cc, vision]. Color-blindness. 
 
 Chromatic {kro-mat'-ik) [xpa>p.a, color]. 
 Relating to or 'possessing color. C. Aber- 
 ration. See Aberration, Chromatic. C. Aud- 
 ition, luminous sensations aroused by 
 sound. 
 
 Chromatin (kro'-mat-in) [see Chromatic]. The 
 portion of the protoplasm of a cell that 
 takes the stain, forming a delicate reticular 
 network or plexus of fibrils permeating the 
 achromatin of a cell. Syn., Karyomitome. 
 
 Chromatogenous (kro - mat - oj'- en - us) [chro- 
 mato-; yevvav, to beget]. Producing color. 
 
 Chromatolysis (kro-mat-ol'-is-is) [chromato-; 
 Xuocc, a loosing]. Flemming's term for the 
 breaking-down of the nucleus at the death 
 of the cell. Syn., Karyolysis. 
 
 Chromatophore (kro-mat'-o-for) [chromato-; 
 4>6poc, bearing]. Any colored cell-plastid. 
 
 Chromatoplasm (kro-maf '-o-plazm) [chromato-; 
 r.Xaap.a, anything formed]. The substance 
 of the chromatoplasts as distinguished 
 from the other cell-substances, karyoplasm, 
 cytoplasm, metaplasm, paraplasm, etc. 
 
 Chromatoplast {kro-maf -o-plast) . See Chro- 
 matophore. 
 
 Chromatopsia ikro-mat-op' -se-ah) [chromato-; 
 o<ficc, vision]. A disorder of vision in 
 which color-impressions arise subjectively. 
 It may be due to disturbance of the optic 
 centers, or to drugs, especially santonin. 
 
 Chromato skiameter (kro-mat-o-ski-am' -et-er) 
 [chromato-; oicca, a shadow; p.kxpov, a mea- 
 sure]. Holmgren's apparatus for testing color- 
 sense, consisting of a lamp and a white 
 screen, on which is cast the shadow of a 
 pencil placed in front of different colored 
 glasses. A scale indicates when the shadows 
 are of equal brightness. 
 
 Chrome ikrom). See Chromium. C.-alum, 
 CrK 2 (S0 4 ) 2 + i2H 2 0. A compound of chro- 
 mium and potassium sulfate, forming large, 
 dark -violet crystals soluble in five parts of 
 water, the solution turning green when heated; 
 used as a pigment. 
 
 Chromic (kro'-mik) [chromium]. Pertaining to 
 or made from chromium. C. Acid, C. 
 Anhydrid, chromium trioxid. 
 
 Chromidrosis {kro-mid-ro'-sis) [ypcbp-a, color; 
 cdpajc, sweat]. A rare condition of the sweat 
 in which it is variously colored, being blu- 
 
CHROMISM 
 
 278 
 
 CHRYSAROBIN 
 
 ish, blackish, reddish, greenish, or yellowish. 
 Black sweat {seborrhea nigricans) occurs 
 usually in hysteric women, the face being 
 most often affected. It is associated with 
 chronic constipation and is due to the pres- 
 ence of indican in the sweat. Red sweat 
 Xhematidrosis) may be due to an exudation 
 of blood into the sweat-glands, or to the 
 presence of a microorganism in the sweat. 
 
 Chromism (kro'-mizm). Excessive or ab- 
 normal coloration. 
 
 Chromite (kro'-mit). i. A combination of 
 chromium sesquioxid with the oxid of some 
 other metal. 2. Any organic pigment. 
 
 Chromium (kro'-me-um) [xpd>iia, color]. 
 Cr = 52.2; quantivalence 11 and iv. One of 
 the elements of the iron group. The various 
 salts of chromium, especially the derivatives 
 of chromium trioxid, Cr0 3 , are much used in 
 the manufacture of pigments and as a caustic. 
 All are poisonous. C. and Potassium 
 Sulfate. See Chrome-alum. C. Sesquioxid, 
 Cr 2 3 , a green pigment occurring in nature as 
 chrome-ochre; it can be prepared artificially. 
 C. Trioxid. See Acid, Chromic. 
 
 Chromo- (kro-mo-) [xp<Lp.a, color]. A prefix 
 meaning colored. 
 
 Chromocyte (kro'-mo-sit) [chromo-; kutoc, a. 
 cell]. Any colored cell. 
 
 Chromo cytometer (kro -mo - si - torn'- et - er) 
 [chromocyte; fxhpov, a measure]. An instru- 
 ment for estimating the proportion of hemo- 
 globin present in the blood. 
 
 Chromodermatosis (kro -mo - der - mat - 0' - sis) 
 [chromo-; dermatosis]. A skin disease char- 
 acterized by discoloration of the surface. 
 
 Chromo diagnosis (kro - mo - di - ag - no' - sis) 
 [chromo-; diagnosis']. Sicard's term (1901) 
 to designate the diagnosis of hemorrhages 
 of the neuraxis by yellow discoloration of 
 the cephalorachidian fluid (xanthochromia), 
 due, according to Tuffier, to the normal 
 lutein of the serum. 
 
 Chromogen (kro f -mo-jen) [chromo-; yevvdv, to 
 produce]. Any principle of the animal or 
 vegetable economy which is susceptible, under 
 suitable circumstances, of being changed into 
 a coloring-matter. 
 
 Chromogenic (kro-mo-jen'-ik) [see Chromogen]- 
 Producing color or pigment; applied gener- 
 ally to pigment-producing bacteria 
 
 Chromolume (kro'-mo-liim) [chromo-; lumen, 
 light]. An apparatus for the production of 
 colored rays for therapeutic purposes. C, 
 Electro-arc, a special device for solarization 
 by means of the arc light. 
 
 Chromomere (kro'-mo-mer) [chromo-; \ikpog, 
 a part]. One of the minute granules com- 
 posing the chromosomes. Syn., Id. 
 
 Chromoparic, Chromoparous (kro-mop'-ar-ik, 
 -us) [chromo-; parere to furnish]. Excreting 
 a colored transformation-product which is 
 diffused out upon and into the surrounding 
 medium. It is said of certain bacteria. 
 
 Chromophan (kro' -mo-fan) [chromo-; (fralvetv, 
 to appear]. The pigment of the inner 
 segments of the retinal cones of certain ani- 
 
 mals. There are at least three varieties, chlo- 
 rophan, rhodophan, xanthophan. 
 
 Chromophil (kro'-mo-fil). Same as Chro- 
 mophilous. 
 
 Chromophilous (kro - mo]' - il - us) [chromo-; 
 <f>cXog, loving]. Readily stained; easily ab- 
 sorbing color. 
 
 Chromophobic (kro - mo - }o' - bik) [chromo-; 
 (f>6j3oc, fear]. Not stainable; not readily ab- 
 sorbing color. Cf. Chromophilous. 
 
 Chromophoric, Chromophorous (kro-mo f'-or- 
 ik, kro-moj'-or-us). Applied to chromogenic 
 bacteria in which the pigment is stored in the 
 cell-protoplasm of the organism. 
 
 Chromophose (kro'-mo-fos) [chromo-; <jici)c, 
 light]. A subjective sensation of color. See 
 Those. 
 
 Chromophytosis (kro -mo -fi- to' -sis) [chro- 
 mo-; (jiuxov, a plant]. 1. Any microscopic 
 plant -growth that produces a discoloration of 
 the skin in which it grows; any pigmentary 
 skin disease caused by a vegetable parasite. 
 2. A synonym of Tinea versicolor or Eich- 
 stedfs disease. 
 
 Chromoplasm (kro' - mo - plazm) [chromo-; 
 nXaop.a, anything formed]. The network 
 of a nucleus, so called because it stains 
 readily. 
 
 Chromoproteid (kro - mo - pro' - te - id) [chro- 
 mo-; proteid]. Any proteid capable of being 
 broken up into albumin and a coloring- 
 matter. 
 
 Chromosochromic (kro-mo-so-kro'-mik). Con- 
 taining chromium both as a trivalent and as a 
 bivalent radicle. 
 
 Chromosome (kro'-mo-som) [chromo-; owp.a, 
 body]. A chromatin-fiber formed during 
 karyokinesis. Syn., Karyomita. C, Bival- 
 ent, one representing two chromosomes joined 
 end to end. Cf. C.s, P seudor eduction of. 
 C, Plurivalent, one having the value of two 
 or more chromosomes. Cf. C.s, Pseudoreduc- 
 tion of. C.s, Pseudoreduction of, apparent 
 reduction of the number of chromosomes 
 through increase of bivalent or plurivalent 
 chromosomes. C.s, Reduction of, the halv- 
 ing of the number of chromosomes in the germ- 
 nuclei during maturation. 
 
 Chromospermism (kro-mo-sperm'-izm) [chro- 
 mo-; ankp}xa, seed]. A condition in which 
 the semen is colored. Cf. Cyanospermia. 
 
 Chronic (kron'-ik) [%povoc, time]. Long-con- 
 tinued; of long duration; opposed to acute. 
 
 Chronicity (kron-is'-it-e) [chrenic]. The state 
 of being chronic or long-continued. 
 
 Chronograph (kro' - no - graf) [%pcvoc, time; 
 ypafacv, to write]. An instrument for graphi- 
 cally recording intervals of time in physiologic 
 and psychophysic experiments. 
 Chrotopsia, Chrupsia (kro-top'-se-ah, krup'- 
 
 se-ah). See Chromatopsia. 
 Chrysarobin, Chrysarobinum (kris-ar-o'-bin, 
 kris-ar-o-bi'-num) [%puo6c, gold; araroba (nat. 
 East Ind.), bark of a leguminous tree], C, H 26 - 
 7 . A reduction-product of chrysophanic acid. 
 it occurs in Goa powder and araroba powder. 
 It is a yellow-colored powder, the product of 
 
CHRYSOLEIN 
 
 279 
 
 CICHORIUM 
 
 the decay of Vouacapoua araroba, a Brazilian 
 tree. It is a gastrointestinal irritant; locally 
 and internally it is useful in psoriasis, but 
 stains the skin a dark yellowish-brown color. 
 Dose, internally, J- § gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.). 
 C. Ointment [unguentum chrysarobini, U. S. 
 P.), contains 10% of the drug with 00% ben- 
 zoinated lard. C. Oxid, a brownish-black pow- 
 der obtained from chrysarobin in boiling water 
 by the action of sodium peroxid. It is rec- 
 ommended in treatment of eczema and acne 
 rosacea in 5 to 10% ointment. 
 
 Chrysolein (kris-o'-le-in). Sodium fiuorid. 
 
 Chrysophan ikris' -o-fan) [xpoooc, gold; (pafaecv, 
 to show], C 16 H 18 8 . A glucosid found in 
 rhubarb. 
 
 Chrysophanic Acid {kris-o-fan'-ik). See Acid, 
 Chrysophanic. 
 
 Chrysoretin, Chrysorrhetin {kris-o-ret' -in) . 
 A yellow pigment found in senna and identical 
 with chrysophan. 
 
 Chuchuarin ichu-chu'-ar-in) [Chuchuara, In- 
 dian name], C 20 H 15 N 12 O 2 . An alkaloid ob- 
 tained from the seeds and wood of Semecarpus 
 anacardium, an anacardiaceous aphrodisiac 
 plant of the East Indies. It is extremely 
 poisonous, acting somewhat like strychnin. 
 
 Chvostek's Symptom. Increase of the me- 
 chanic irritability of the motor nerves, espe- 
 cially the facial, in tetany. See also Weiss' 
 Sign. 
 
 Chyle (kit) [xokdf, juice]. The milk-white fluid 
 absorbed by the lacteals during digestion. 
 On standing, it separates into a thin, jelly- 
 like clot and a substance identical with serum. 
 C. -corpuscle, any floating cell of the chyle. 
 These cells resemble, and are probably iden- 
 tical with, the colorless blood-corpuscles. C, 
 Granular, C, Molecular Base of, the mi- 
 nute particles of fat which give the milky 
 appearance to chyle. 
 
 Chylemia (ki-le' -me-ah) [chyle; a} pa, blood]. 
 The presence of chyle in the blood. 
 
 Chylifaction (ki-le- fak' -shun) [chyle; facere, to 
 make]. The forming of chyle from food. 
 
 Chyliferous (ki-lif'-er-us) [chyle; ferre, to carry]. 
 Containing or carrying chyle. 
 
 Chylification (ki-le-fik-a f -shun) [chyle; facere, 
 to make]. The process by which chyle is 
 formed, separated, and absorbed by the villi 
 of the small intestine. 
 
 Chylivorous (ki-liv'-or-us) [chyle; vorare, to 
 devour]. Applied to parasitic organisms sub- 
 sisting on chyle. 
 
 Chylodochium {ki-lo-do' '-ke-um) [chyle; doj^elov, 
 receptacle]. The receptaculum chyli. 
 
 Chyloperitoneum (ki-lo-per-it-on-e'-um). A 
 condition marked by an effusion of chyle in 
 the peritoneum. 
 
 Chylopoiesis (ki-lo-poi-e* -sis) [chyle; izou'tv., to 
 make]. Chylification. 
 
 Chylopoietic (ki-lo-poi-et f -ik) [see Chylopoiesis]. 
 Making or forming chyle. • 
 
 Chylorrhea (ki-lor-e'-ah) [chyle; pelv, to flow]. 
 An excessive flow of chyle; also, a diar- 
 rhea characterized by a milky color of the 
 feces. 
 
 Chylothorax (ki-lo-tho' '-raks) [chyle; dd)pa£, 
 the chest]. The presence of chyle in the 
 pleural cavity. 
 
 Chylous (ki'-lus) [chyle]. Relating to or re- 
 sembling chyle. 
 
 Chyluria (ki-lu'-re-ah) [chyle; oupov, urine]. 
 The passage of chyle in the urine. It is 
 thought to be caused by a disordered condition 
 of the lacteals, and is also connected with the 
 presence in the blood of Filaria sanguinis- 
 hominis, which blocks up the lymph-channels. 
 
 Chyme (klm) [xop.bc, chyme]. Food that has 
 undergone gastric digestion and has not yet 
 been acted upon by the biliary, pancreatic, 
 and intestinal secretions. 
 
 Chymification (ki-me-fik-a' -shun) [chyme; 
 facere, to make]. The change of food into 
 chyme by the digestive process. 
 
 Chymosin (ki' -mo-sin) [chyme]. Rennin; the 
 rennet ferment. 
 
 Ciamician and Magnanini's Test for Skatol. 
 Skatol warmed with sulfuric acid produces a 
 purple-red color. 
 
 Cibarian (sib-a'-re-an) [cibus, food]. Relating 
 to food and the organs concerned in mas- 
 tication and deglutition. 
 
 Cibation (si-ba' '-shun) [cibus]. 1. The act of 
 receiving nourishment. 2. The process of 
 condensing a liquid. 
 
 Cibophobia (si-bo-jo' -be-ah) [cibus; (pofloc, fear]. 
 Morbid aversion to food. 
 
 Cibotium (sib-ot' -e-um) [kc^ojxoc, a chest]. A 
 genus of ferns of the East Indies; the long, 
 soft hairs of the rhizome are an efficient 
 hemostat. C. baromelz, under the name of 
 Agnus scythicus, the astringent rhizome with 
 attached petioles and scales, cut into shapes of 
 different animals, was held in high repute as 
 a drug in the middle ages. See Penghawar 
 djambi. 
 
 Cicatricial (sik-at-rish' -at) [cicatrix]. Per- 
 taining to or of the nature of a cicatrix. 
 C. Deformities, abnormal contractions 
 caused by cicatrixes. C. Tissue, a form of 
 dense connective tissue seen in cicatrixes. 
 
 Cicatricose, Cicatrisate (sik-at'-re-kos, sik-at'- 
 riz-at). Marked with cicatrixes or cicatricial 
 impressions. 
 
 Cicatrix (sik-a' -triks) [L.]. A scar. The con- 
 nective tissue which replaces a localized loss 
 of substance. Its color is usually whitish 
 and glistening when old, red or purple when 
 newly developed. C, Exuberant, C, Hy- 
 pertrophic, C, Keloid, one that hypertro- 
 phies after the healing of a wound and be- 
 comes red and prominent. C, Vicious, one 
 that impairs the function of a part. 
 
 Cicatrization (sik-at-riz-a' -shun) [cicatrix]. 
 The process of healing of a wound. 
 
 Cicatrose (sik'-at-ros). See Cicatricose. 
 
 Cichorium (sik-o'-re-um) [nix^ptov]. A genus 
 of plants of the order Composites. C. intybus, 
 chicory, succory, bunk, is a hardy perennial 
 of Europe; the root of the wild plant is said 
 to be a powerful alterative. C. Glucosid, 
 C 22 H 34 19 + 4§H 2 (?), a bitter glucosid 
 obtained from the flowers of C. intybus. 
 
CICUTA 
 
 280 
 
 CINCHONIDIN 
 
 Cicuta (sik-u'-tah) [L., " hemlock"]. A genus of 
 umbelliferous plants. C. virosa is a poison- 
 ous species of northern Europe. It is never 
 used internally, *but has been applied ex- 
 ternally in rheumatism. 
 
 Cicutism (sik'-u-tizm) [Cicuta]. Poisoning 
 with water-hemlock, Cicuta virosa. It is 
 marked by epileptiform convulsions, dila- 
 tion of the pupils, cyanosis of the face, 
 and coma. 
 
 Cilia (sil'-e-ah) [pi. of cilium, the eyelid or 
 eyelash]. i. The eyelashes. 2. The loco- 
 motor and prehensile organs of certain micro- 
 organisms. 3. The hair -like appendages of 
 certain epithelial cells, the function of which 
 is to propel fluid or particles. 
 
 Ciliary (sil'-e-a-re) [cilia]. 1. Pertaining to the 
 eyelid or eyelash. 2. Relating to ciliary 
 movement. 3. Pertaining to the ciliary 
 apparatus. C. Apparatus, the structure 
 related to the mechanism of accommoda- 
 tion. C. Arteries, anterior, posterior long, 
 and posterior short, branches of the oph- 
 thalmic artery, supplying the recti mus- 
 cles, the ciliary apparatus, and the posterior 
 structures of the eye, with the exception 
 of the retina. See under Artery. C. Body, 
 the ciliary muscle and processes. C. Canal, 
 the canal of Fontana. C. Ganglion, the 
 ganglion at the apex of the orbit, supplying 
 the ciliary muscle and iris. C. Ligament. 
 See Ligamentum pectinatum. C. Movement, 
 movement by means of vibratory cilia. C. 
 Muscle, the muscle of accommodation, the 
 contraction of which lessens the tension 
 upon the suspensory ligament of the lens. 
 C. Nerves, branches of the ophthalmic gan- 
 glion supplying the anterior structures of the 
 eyeball and the accommodative apparatus. 
 C. Neuralgia, neuralgic pain of the eye, 
 brow, temple, etc. C. Processes, circularly 
 arranged choroid foldings continuous with the 
 iris in front. C. Region, the pericorneal or 
 "danger zone," corresponding to the position 
 of the ciliary body. C. Zone, the ciliary pro- 
 cesses collectively. 
 
 Ciliated (sil'-e-a-ted) [cilia]. Having cilia. 
 
 Ciliospinal (sil-e-o-spi'-nal) [cilia; spina, the 
 spine]. Relating to the ciliary zone and 
 the spine. C. Center, See Center, Cilio- 
 spinal. 
 
 Cilium (sil'-e-um). See Cilia. 
 
 Cimex (si'-meks) [L., "a bug"]. A genus of 
 hemipterous insects. C. lectularius, the 
 common bedbug. 
 
 Cimicifuga (sim-is-e-fu'-gah) [cimex; fugare, 
 to drive away]. Black snakeroot; black 
 cohosh. The root of C. racemosa, ord. 
 Ranunculacece. A stomachic, antispasmodic, 
 aphrodisiac, expectorant, and diuretic. Its 
 action on the heart is similar to that of digi- 
 talis. It has been used in cardiac diseases, 
 functional impotence, chorea, and ovarian 
 neuralgia. C, Extract of (extractum cimici- 
 fugce, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). C, 
 Fluidextract of (fluidextr -actum cimicifugce, 
 U.S. P.) Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). C, 
 
 Liquid Extract of {extractum cimicifugce liqui- 
 dum, B. P.). Dose 3-30 min. (0.2-2.0 Cc). 
 C, Tincture of (tinctura cimicifugce, U. S. P.) 
 (20 % strength). Dose 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 
 
 Cimmol (sim'-ol). See Aldehyd, Cinnamic. 
 
 Cina (si'-nah) [L.]. The plant Artemisia san- 
 tonica. See Santonica. 
 
 Cinchamidin (sin-kam f -id-in) [cinchona; ami- 
 din], C22H22N2O2. An alkaloid found in the 
 mother-liquor from which cinchonidin has 
 been extracted. 
 
 Cincholin (sin'-ko-lin) [cinchona]. A pale yel- 
 low liquid alkaloid isolated from the mother- 
 liquors of quinin. 
 
 Cinchona (sin-ko'-nah) [from the Countess 
 Chinchon]. Peruvian bark. The bark of 
 several varieties of cinchona, a tree native to 
 the eastern slopes of the Andes, the most valu- 
 able being C. calisaya. Other varieties are 
 C. condaminea, pale bark, C. pitayensis, 
 Pitayo bark, and C. micrantha. Cinchona 
 bark contains 21 alkaloids, of which four 
 — quinin, cinchonin, quinidin, and cin- 
 chonidin — are the most important. Cin- 
 chona has the same physiologic action 
 and therapeutic uses as its chief alkaloid, 
 quinin. See Quinin. It is also an astrin- 
 gent, bitter, and stomachic tonic, stimulating 
 appetite and promoting digestion, beneficial 
 in atonic dyspepsia and adynamia, but espe- 
 cially useful in malarial affections. C, De- 
 coction of (decoctum cinchonce,- B. P.). Dose 
 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). C, Fluidextract of 
 (fluidextractum cinchonce, U. S. P.). Dose 10 
 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). C, Infusion of 
 (infusum cinchonce, B. P.). Dose 1 dr.-i oz. 
 (4-30 Cc). C, Liquid Extract of (extractum 
 cinchonce liquidum, B. P.). Dose 5-10 min. 
 (0.3-0.6 Cc). C, Red (cinchona rubra, U. 
 S. P.), the dried bark of C. succirubra. Dose 
 15 gr. (1 Gm.). C, Tincture of (tinctura cin- 
 chonce, U. S. P.) (20% of bark). Dose \-2 
 dr. (2-8 Cc). C., Tincture of, Compound 
 (tinctura cinchonce composita, U. S. P.), Hux- 
 ham's tincture. Dose 1 dr.-^ oz. (4-16 Cc). 
 
 Cinchonamin (sin-kon' -am-in) [cinchona; 
 amin], C^H^N^O. An alkaloid of cuprea 
 bark. It occurs in glistening, colorless crys- 
 tals that are nearly insoluble in water and 
 but slightly soluble in ether. 
 
 Cinchonicin (sin-kon' -is-in) [cinchonin], C 19 H 22 - 
 N 2 0. An artificial alkaloid derived from cin- 
 ch® nin. 
 
 Cinchonidin (sin-kon' -id-in), C 19 H 22 N 2 0. An 
 alkaloid derived from cinchona. It is a crys- 
 talline substance resembling quinin in gen- 
 eral properties. C. Bisulfate, C. Disulfate, 
 C ia HfejN 2 . H 2 S0 4 + 5H 2 0, prisms soluble in 
 water and alcohol; antiperiodic Dose 15-30 
 gr. (0.97-1.94 Gm.). Syn., Acid cinchonidin 
 sulfate. C. Salicylate, has decided anti- 
 periodic properties. C. Sulfate (cincho- 
 nidince sulphas, U. S. P.), (C 19 H 22 N 2 0) 2 . H 2 - 
 S0 4 + 3H 2 0, less bitter than quinin, and 
 valuable as an antipyretic. Dose 1-20 gr. 
 (0.065-1.3 Gm.) or more. C. Tannate, 
 a tasteless, yellow, amorphous powder, solu- 
 
CINCHONIN 
 
 281 
 
 CIRCELLUS 
 
 ble in alcohol; it is used in intermittent fevers. 
 Dose 8-16 gr. (0.52-1.04 Gm.). 
 
 Cinchonin {sin' -ko-nin) [cinchona], C 19 H 22 - 
 N 2 0. An alkaloid derived from cinchona. 
 It is a colorless, crystalline body, similar to 
 quinin in therapeutic effects, but less active. 
 C. Bisulfate, C 19 H 22 N 2 . H 2 S0 4 , used as 
 is cinchonin. C. Dihydro chlorate, is said 
 to contain 60% of cinchonin; antipyretic 
 and antiseptic. C. Herapathit, C. Iodosul- 
 fate. See Antiseptol. C. Hydro chlorate, 
 C. Hydrochlorid, used as is cinchonin. C. 
 Nitrate, C 19 H 22 N 2 . HNO s + H 2 0, used as 
 is cinchonin. C. Salicylate, C 10 H 22 N 2 . C 7 - 
 H 6 3 ; used in rheumatism in malarial re- 
 gions. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). C. 
 Sulfate {cinchonince sulphas, U. S. P.), 
 (C 19 H 22 N 2 0) 2 .H 2 S0 4 +2H 2 0. It is soluble 
 with difficulty in water, but soluble in 
 acidulated water. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 
 Gm.). C. Tannate, yellow powder, soluble 
 in alcohol; used in the same manner as is 
 cinchonin. 
 
 Cinchonism {sin'-ko-nizm) [cinchona]. The 
 systemic effect of cinchona or its alkaloids 
 when given in full doses. The symptoms 
 produced are a ringing in the ears, with deaf- 
 ness, headache, giddiness, dimness of sight, 
 and a weakening of the heart's action. 
 
 Ginchonize {sin' -ko-niz) [cinchona]. To bring 
 under the influence of cinchona or its alka- 
 loids. 
 
 Cinchotannin {sin-ko-tan'-in), C 14 Hi 6 9 . A 
 glucosid existing in cinchona bark in the 
 proportion of 3 to 4%; a brownish-red sub- 
 stance, soluble in water and alcohol, and 
 forming white precipitates with tartar 
 emetic and gelatin. Syn., Cinchotannic acid; 
 Quinotannic acid. 
 
 Cinclisis {sin' -klis-is) [ncy/cXcccc 1 , any quick, 
 repeated motion]. Quick, spasmodic move- 
 ment of any Dart of the body, but particularly 
 applied to rapid winking. Hippocrates' term 
 for quick motion of the chest, as in dyspnea. 
 Syn., Cinclesmus. 
 
 Cincture {singk'-tur) [cinctura, a girdle]. A 
 belt or girdle. C. -feeling, a sensation as 
 if the waist were encircled by a tight girdle. 
 See Girdle-pain. 
 
 Cineraceous {sin-er-a' -shus) [cinerea]. Ash- 
 gray in color. 
 
 Cinerea {sin-e'-re-ah) [cinereus, ashen]. The 
 gray substance of the brain, spinal cord, and 
 ganglions. C, Lamina, a thin layer of gray 
 substance extending backward above the optic 
 commissure from the termination of the cor- 
 pus callosum to the tuber cinereum. 
 
 Cinereal {sin-e'-re-al). Ashy. 
 
 Cinesia {sin-e' -se-ah) . See Kinesis. 
 
 Cingula {sin' -gu-lah) . 1. A band, girdle, or 
 zone. 2. Burdach's name for the upper part 
 of the fornicate gyrus. 
 
 Cingule {sin'-gul) [cingulum]. The groove 
 separating the primitive cusp or tubercle 
 frequently found on the lingual face of the 
 upper incisor teeth. Syn., Cingulum; 
 Cingulus. 
 
 Cingulum (sin'-gu-lum) [cingere, to gird]. 1. 
 A girdle or zone; the waist. 2. Herpes zos- 
 ter or shingles. 3. See Cingule. 4. A fib- 
 rous bundle in the fornicate gyrus of the 
 brain. Syn., Bundle of the gyrus fornicatus; 
 Fasciculus arcuatus. C. halleri, the abdom- 
 inal muscles. C. veneris. See Corona ven- 
 eris. 
 
 Cinnabar {sin'-ab-ar) [ncvvaftapc , a pigment]. 
 Mercuric sulfid, HgS. 
 
 Cinnamene {sin-am' -en) . See Styrol. 
 
 Cinnamic {sin-am'-ik) [cinnamon]. Pertaining 
 to or derived from cinnamon. C. Acid. 
 See Acid, Cinnamic. C. Aldehyd {cinnalde- 
 hydum, U. S. P.). See Aldehyd, Cinnamic. 
 
 Cinnamol {sin'-am-ol). 1. See Styrol. 2. See 
 Aldehyd, Cinnamic. 
 
 Cinnamomum {sin-am-o' -mum) . See Cinna- 
 mon. 
 
 Cinnamon {sin'-am-on) [/avvafioojiov, cinnamon]. 
 The inner bark of the shoots of several species 
 of Cinnamomum, native to Ceylon and China, 
 the latter variety being known in commerce 
 under the name of cassia. Two varieties are 
 official: Cinnamomum saigonicum, Saigon cin- 
 namon, and C. zeylanicum, Ceylon cinnamon. 
 Its properties are due to a volatile oil. It 
 is an agreeable carminative and aromatic 
 stimulant, used in flatulence, colic, enter- 
 algia, etc. C, Aromatic, Fluidextract 
 of, contains aromatic powder, 10; alcohol, 
 8 parts. Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 C, Aromatic, Powder of, made up of aro- 
 matic powder, cinnamon, of each, 35; car- 
 damom, nutmeg, of each, 15. Dose 10-30 
 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). C, Compound Powder 
 of {pulvis cinnamomi composiius, B. P.), 
 cinnamon-bark, cardamom-seeds, and ginger. 
 Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.). C, Oil of 
 {oleum cinnamomi, U. S. P.), the volatile oil 
 of cinnamon. Dose 1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 
 Cc). C, Spirit of {spiritus cinnamomi, 
 U. S. P.), 10% of the oil in spirit. Dose 
 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). C, Tincture of 
 {tinctura cinnamomi, U. S. P.), 20% of 
 powdered Saigon cinnamon in glycerol, 
 alcohol, and water. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 
 Cc). C. Water {aqua cinnamomi, U. S. P.), 
 2 parts of oil in 1000 of water. Dose 1-2 
 oz. (30-60 Cc). 
 
 Cinnamyl {sin'-am-il) [cinnamon], C 9 H 7 0. 
 The radicle believed to exist in cinnamic 
 acid. C. Cinnamate. See Styracin. C- 
 eugenol, C 19 H 18 3 . It is antiseptic and is 
 used hypodermatically instead of eugenol in 
 tuberculosis. Injection, 2-8 min. (0.12-0.5 
 Cc.) of olive-oil solution. C. Hydrate, cin- 
 namic acid. C. Hydrid, cinnamic aldehyd. 
 C.-metacresol, the metacresol ester of cin- 
 namic acid; a nontoxic, nonirritating anti- 
 septic substance recommended in treatment 
 of tuberculosis. Syn., Hetocresol. 
 
 Circellus {ser-sel' -us) [L.; pi., circelli]. A 
 small circle. Circelli cerebelli, the laminas 
 of the cerebellum. C. venosus hypoglossi, 
 a venous plexus encircling the hypoglossal 
 nerve in the anterior condylar foramen; it 
 
CIRCLE 
 
 282 
 
 CIRRHOSIS 
 
 communicates with the occipital sinus and 
 with the jugular vein. 
 Circle {ser'-kl) [idpnoc-, a circle]. A ring; a 
 line, every point of which is equidistant from 
 a point called the center. C, Ciliary, the 
 ciliary ligament. C. of Diffusion. See Dif- 
 fusion-circle. C. of Haller. i. The plexus 
 of vessels formed by the short ciliary arteries 
 upon the sclerotic, at the entrance of the 
 optic nerve. 2. The circulus venosus mammae, 
 situated beneath the areola of the nipple. C, 
 Huguier's, the inconstant anastomosis formed 
 
 Circle of Willis. 
 1. Middle cerebral artery. 2. Internal carotid artery. 
 3. Posteromedian perforating. 4. Posterior cerebral 
 artery. 5. Superior cerebellar artery. 6. Anterior 
 inferior cerebellar artery. 7. Anterior communicat- 
 ing artery. 8. Anterolateral perforating. 9. Ante- 
 rior choroid. 10. Posterior communicating. 11. Poste- 
 rior choroid. 12. Basilar artery. 13. Crus cerebelli cut. 
 
 by the branches of the uterine arteries around 
 the uterus, at the junction of the body with 
 the cervix. C. of Willis, the arterial anas- 
 tomosis at the base of the brain, formed by 
 the anterior communicating artery between 
 the anterior cerebral arteries, the internal 
 carotids and middle and posterior cerebral 
 arteries, and the posterior communicating 
 arteries. C. of Zinn. See C. of Haller (1). 
 
 Circuit {ser' -kit) [circuitus, a. going round]. The 
 course of an electric current. 
 
 Circular {ser' -ku-lar) . 1. Ring-shaped. 2. 
 Marked by alternations of despondency and 
 excitation, as in circular insanity. C. In- 
 sanity. See Insanity, Circular. C. Sinus. 
 See Sinus, Circular. 
 
 Circulation {ser -ku-la' -shun) [circulatio, a cir- 
 cular course]. Passage in a circle, as the 
 circulation of the blood. C, Collateral, 
 that taking place through branches and 
 secondary channels after stoppage of the 
 principal route. C, Fetal, that of the fetus, 
 including the circulation through the placenta 
 and umbilical cord. C, First, C, Primi- 
 tive, that of the embryo, a closed system, 
 carrying nutriment and oxygen to the em- 
 bryo. C, Placental, the fetal circulation. 
 C, Portal, the passage of the blood from 
 the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through 
 the liver, and its exit by the hepatic vein. C, 
 Pulmonary, the circulation of blood through 
 the lungs by means of the pulmonary artery 
 and veins, for the purpose of oxygenation and 
 
 purification. C, Second, the fetal circula- 
 tion, replacing the omphalomesenteric system. 
 C, Systemic, the general circulation, as 
 distinct from the pulmonary circulation. C, 
 Third, that of the adult. C, Vitelline, first 
 or primitive circulation. 
 
 Circulus {ser r -ku-lus) [L.]. 1. A circle. 2. See 
 Circle of Willis. C. arteriosus halleri, the 
 circle of Haller. C. articuli vasculosus, 
 that formed by the blood-vessels in the 
 synovial membrane about the cartilages of 
 a joint. C. gangliosis ciliaris, a circular 
 nerve-plexus in the ciliary muscle. Syn., 
 Orbiculus gangliosis. C. osseus, the tym- 
 panic ring. C. venosus mammae, an 
 anastomosis of veins around the nipple. 
 
 Circum- {ser-kum-) [L.]. A prefix meaning 
 around, about. 
 
 Circumaxile {ser-kum-aks'-il) [circum-; axis]. 
 Encircling an axis. 
 
 Circumbuccal {ser-kum-buk'-al) [circum-; 
 bucca, the cheek]. Surrounding the mouth. 
 
 Circumcision (ser-kum-sizh'-un) [circum-; 
 cadere, to cut]. The removal of the foreskin. 
 
 Circumduction {ser -kum-duk! -shun) [circum-; 
 ducere, to lead]. The movement of a limb 
 in such a manner that its distal part describes 
 a circle, the proximal end being fixed. 
 
 Circumflex {ser 1 '-kum-fleks) [circum-; flectere, 
 to bend]. Winding around. The name 
 given to a number of arteries, veins, and 
 nerves, on account of their course. 
 
 Circumscribed {ser' -kum-skrlbd) [circum-; 
 scribere, to write]. Strictly limited or marked 
 off; well defined; distinct from surrounding 
 parts, as a circumscribed inflammation or 
 tumor. 
 
 Circumvallate {ser-kum-vaV -at) [circum-; 
 vallum, wall]. Surrounded by a wall or 
 prominence. C. Papillas, certain papillas 
 at the base of the tongue. 
 
 Cirrhosis {sir-o'-sis) [nippos, reddish-yellow^ 
 from the color of the cirrhotic liver]. Chronic 
 inflammation of an organ, characterized 
 by an overgrowth of the connective tissue. 
 C, Alcoholic. See C, Atrophic. C, An- 
 nular. See C, Multilobular. C, Atrophic, 
 a form of cirrhosis of the liver occurring in 
 hard drinkers, characterized by great over- 
 growth of the interstitial substance, with 
 atrophy of the parenchyma. C, Biliary, a 
 form of cirrhosis of the liver due to chronic 
 retention of bile from long-continued obstruc- 
 tion of the bile-ducts. C., Budd's, hepatic 
 cirrhosis due to autointoxication from the 
 gastrointestinal tract. C, Cardiac, C. cor- 
 dis, hypertrophy of the connective tissue 
 between the muscular fibers of the heart. 
 C, Cardio tuberculous, that accompanied by 
 tuberculosis and symptoms of cardiac dis- 
 ease. C, Charcot's. See Hanoi's Disease. 
 C, Glissonian, perihepatitis. C, Hanot's. 
 See Hanot's Disease. C. hepatis, interstitial 
 hepatitis. C, Hypertrophic, a form of cir- 
 rhosis in which the liver is permanently en- 
 larged. The disease is probably infectious, 
 and is characterized by an overgrowth of 
 
CIRRHOTIC 
 
 283 
 
 CLASMATOCYTE 
 
 the connective tissue which has no tendency 
 to contract. C, Irritative, interstitial hepa- 
 titis due to irritation by some toxic substance 
 which has been carried to the liver by the 
 hepatic or portal veins. C, Laennec's. See 
 Laennec's Disease. C. of the Lung, inter- 
 stitial pneumonia. C, Mixed, that present- 
 ing features of both the atrophic and the hyper- 
 trophic form. C, Monolobular. See C, 
 Unilobular. C, Multilobular, a form of in- 
 terstitial hepatitis in which many lobules are 
 surrounded by a fibrous ring. C, Muscu- 
 lar, the induration of connective tissue, fatty 
 degeneration, and atrophy of the muscular 
 fibers which take place in muscular contrac- 
 ture. C, Obstructive, cirrhosis of the liver 
 due to the obstruction of the passage of blood 
 or bile from the liver. C, Periportal, atro- 
 phic cirrhosis, so called because the hyper- 
 plasia of the connective tissue follows the 
 portal vessels. C, Pigmentary Diabetic, 
 cirrhosis of the liver with pigmentation of 
 the skin. C, Pulmonary, C. pulmo- 
 num, interstitial pneumonia. C, Renal, 
 C. renum, interstitial nephritis. C. of the 
 Spleen, chronic hypertrophy and induration 
 of the spleen, with thickening of the capsule. 
 C. of the Stomach, chronic interstitial gas- 
 tritis. C, Todd's, hypertrophic cirrhosis 
 of the liver. C, Tuberculous, cirrhosis of 
 the liver due to tuberculosis. It is rare; the 
 majority of cases have occurred in children. 
 C., Turbinated, defective turbinated bodies 
 due to disappearance or diminishment of the 
 erectile structure in cases of atrophic rhinitis. 
 C, Unilobular, a form of cirrhosis of the 
 liver in which the proliferation of the con- 
 nective tissue occurs between the individual 
 lobules. C. ventriculi. See C. of the 
 Stomach. 
 
 Cirrhotic (sir-ot'-ik) [cirrhosis']. Affected with, 
 or relating to, cirrhosis. C. Kidney, chronic 
 interstitial nephritis. 
 
 Cirsaneurysma (sirs-an-u-riz'-mah) . See Aneu- 
 rysm, Cirsoid. 
 
 Cirsocele (sir' -so-sel) [cirsoid; ktjXtj, tumor]. 
 A varicose tumor, especially of the spermatic 
 cord. 
 
 Cirsoid (sir'-soid) [Ktpaog, a varix; eldoc, form]. 
 Resembling a varix or dilated vein. 
 
 Cirsomphalos (sir-som'-fal-os) [cirsoid; op.- 
 <f>a\6c, navel]. A varicose condition of the 
 navel. 
 
 Cirsotomy (sir-sot' -o-me) [cirsoid; xep.vecv, to 
 cut]. Excision of a varix. 
 
 Cis-. A prefix proposed by Baeyer to designate 
 relative asymmetry in unsaturated carbon 
 compounds. 
 
 Cistern (sis' -tern) [cistema, a vessel; receptacle]. 
 i. A reservoir. 2. Any dilation of the 
 space between the pia and arachnoid. C. of 
 Pecquet, the receptaculum chyli. C, Sem- 
 inal, the posterior cul'desac of the vagina. 
 Syn., Receptaculum seminis. 
 
 Citrate (sit' -rat) [citric acid]. Any salt of citric 
 acid. 
 
 Citric (sit'-rik) [citrus]. Pertaining to or de- 
 
 rived from lemons or citrons. C. Acid. 
 See Acid, Citric. 
 
 Citrine (sit'-rin) [citrus]. Yellow; of a lemon- 
 color. C. Ointment (unguentum hydrargyri 
 nitratis, U. S. P.), a preparation consisting of 
 mercury dissolved in nitric acid and mixed 
 with some fatty substance. It is made by 
 adding 7 parts of nitric acid to 76 parts of 
 warmed lard oil, and then mixing it with 7 
 parts of mercury dissolved in 10 parts of nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Citrol (sit'-rol). Silver citrate. 
 
 Citrophen (sit' -ro -fen), C 3 H 4 OH — CONH — 
 OC 2 H 5 C 6 H 4 . Paraphenetidin citrate. It is 
 antipyretic and antineuralgic. Dose 3-15 gr. 
 (0.2-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Citrullin (sit-ruV -in) . A resinoid from Citrul- 
 lus colocynthis. It is a cathartic exten- 
 sively used in veterinary practice. Syn., 
 Amorphous colocynthidin; Colocynthidin. 
 
 Citrullus (sit-ruV -lus) [L.]. A genus of the 
 Cucurbitacece, comprising but two species, indi- 
 genous to tropical Asia and southern Africa. 
 C. colocynthis, the bitter cucumber or gourd, 
 furnishes colocynth. 
 
 Citrurea (sit-ru'-re-ah). A combination of 
 citric acid, urea, and lithium. 
 
 Citrus (sit'-rus) [L.]. A genus of aurantiaceous 
 trees. See Aurantium, Bergamot, Lime, 
 Limo. 
 
 Civinini's Spine. A small spine on the outer 
 border of the external pterygoid plate, giving 
 attachment to the pterygospinous ligament. 
 
 Cladosporium cancerogenes (klad-o-spo'-re- 
 um kan-ser-oj'-en-ez). A fungus said to be 
 the cause of carcinoma. Syn., Canceromyces. 
 
 Cladothrix (klad' -o-thriks) [nXadog, branch; 
 dp!$, a hair]. A genus of bacteria having 
 long, apparently branching filaments. 
 
 Clamp (klamp) [Ger., Klampe]. An instrument 
 for compressing the parts in surgical opera- 
 tions to prevent hemorrhage, etc. 
 
 Clap (klap) [OF., clapoir, a venereal sore]. 
 'Gonorrhea. C. -threads, slimy threads con- 
 sisting of mucus and pus-cells in the urine of 
 gonorrheal patients. 
 
 Clapton's Line. Greenish discoloration of the 
 gums and teeth, especially the incisors, in 
 chronic copper-poisoning. 
 
 Clapton-Havers' Glands. See Havers' 1 Glands. 
 
 Claret (klar'-et) [clarus, clear]. A light wine of 
 a red color. 
 
 Clarify (klar'-if-i) [clarus; facere, to make]. 
 To free a liquid or solution from insoluble 
 substances; to make clear. 
 
 Clark's Sign. A tympanitic sound over the 
 hepatic region in tympanites due to perforative 
 peritoneal inflammation. 
 
 Clarke's Corroding Ulcer. Progressive 
 ulcer of the cervix uteri. C.'s Tongue, the 
 hard, fissured, and nodular tongue of syphil- 
 itic glossitis sclerosa. C.'s Vesicular Col- 
 umn. See Column of Clarke. 
 
 Clasmatocyte (Has -mat' -o -sit) [idaoua, frag- 
 ment; kuzoc, cell]. A form of very large 
 connective-tissue corpuscles that tend to 
 break up into granules or pieces. 
 
CLASP 
 
 284 
 
 CLEIDO- 
 
 Clasp (klasp) [ME., claspen, to grasp firmly]. 
 C.-knife Rigidity, a spastic condition of a 
 limb, as a result of which extension is com- 
 pleted with a "spring," as in a knife-blade. 
 It is met in the cerebral palsies of children. 
 
 Clastic (klas f -tik) [nXaoToc, broken]. Breaking 
 up into fragments; causing division. 
 
 Clathrocystis (klath-ro-sis'-tis) [nXijdpa, a 
 trellis; Kuaxcg , pouch]. A genus of microor- 
 ganisms with round or oval cells, forming 
 zoogleae in the form of circular layers. 
 
 Claudication (Maw -dik-a' -shun) [claudicare, 
 to limp], i. Lameness. 2. An obstruction. 
 C„, Charcot's Intermittent, C, Inter- 
 mittent, intermittent paresthesia of the 
 legs attended with pain, tremor, and ex- 
 cessive perspiration due to arteriosclerosis; 
 a condition first noted by French writers 
 in apparently healthy horses and afterward 
 observed in, man. Syn., Angina cruris; 
 Angiosclerotic paroxysmal myasthenia; Inter- 
 mittent lameness; Intermittent limping. C, 
 Spontaneous, the lameness that occurs as 
 an early symptom of coxarthrocace in children. 
 
 Claudius' Cells. Polyhedral or conoid cells 
 lining the outer angle of the scala media of 
 the cochlea. C.'s Fossa, the ovarian fossa, 
 a triangular space containing the ovary; it is 
 bounded anteriorly by the round ligament, 
 above by the external iliac vein, and below 
 by the ureter. 
 
 Claustrophilia (Maws-tro-fil' -e-ah) [claustrum; 
 <f>cXe~cv, to love]. A morbid dread of open 
 places; it is noted in neurasthenia. 
 
 Claustrophobia (Maws-tro-fo' -be-ah) [claustrum; 
 (fidftof, fear]. Morbid distress at being in 
 a room or confined space. 
 
 Claustrum {Haws' -tr um) [L., "a barrier"]. A 
 layer of gray matter in the cerebrum to the 
 outer side of the lenticular nucleus. 
 
 Clava (kla'-vah) [L., "a club" ]. An enlarge- 
 ment of the funiculus gracilis. 
 
 Clavate (Mav'-dt) [clava]. Club-shaped or be- 
 coming gradually thicker toward one end. 
 
 Claviceps (klav'-is-eps) [clava; caput, head]. 
 A genus of fungi. C. purpurea, the fungus 
 producing the ergot of rye. 
 
 Clavicle (Mav'-ik-l) [clavicula; clavus, a key]. 
 The collar-bone. C. -crutch, Cole's device 
 for supporting a broken clavicle; it is so 
 furnished with pads and adjustments as to 
 render bandaging unnecessary. 
 
 Clavicotomy (Mav-ik-ot' -o-me) [clavicle; tojxtj, 
 a cutting]. Surgical section of the clavicle. 
 
 Clavicula (Mav-ik'-u-lah). The clavicle. C. 
 capitis, the projection formed by the ptery- 
 goid and entopterygoid bones on the pleur- 
 apophysis of the hemal arch of the nasal 
 vertebra. 
 
 Clavicular (kla-vik' -u-lar) [clavicle]. Relating 
 to the clavicle. 
 
 Claviculate (Mav-ik'-u-lat). Having a clavicle. 
 
 Claviform (Mav'-e-form). See Clavate. 
 
 Clavipes (Mav'-e-pez) [clava; pes, a foot]. 
 Having club-shaped feet. 
 
 Clavis uteri (Ma' -vis u'-ter-i). Womb-key; 
 an electrotherapeutic intrauterine device, de- 
 
 signed for the application of electricity in 
 certain pathologic conditions of the uterus 
 and adnexa. 
 
 Clavus (kla'-vus) [L., " a nail; a wart; a 
 corn"]. Corn; a hyperplasia of the horny 
 layer of the epidermis, in which there is an 
 ingrowth as well as an outgrowth of horny 
 substance, forming circumscribed epidermal 
 thickenings, chiefly about the toes. Corns 
 may be hard or soft, the latter being situated 
 between the toes, where they are softened by 
 maceration. Both forms are due to pressure 
 and friction. C. hystericus, a pain in the 
 head, as if a nail were being driven in. 
 
 Claw-foot. A form of talipes due to depression 
 of the heads of the metatarsal bones, with 
 forced extension of the first phalanges and 
 flexion of the last; it is a result of paralysis 
 of the interossei and lumbricales muscles 
 and of those inserted into the sesamoid 
 bone of the great toe. 
 
 Claw-hand. A condition of the hand character- 
 ized by overextension of the first pha- 
 langes and extreme flexion of the others. 
 The condition is a result of atrophy of the 
 interosseous muscles, with contraction of the 
 tendons of the common extensor and long 
 flexor. Syn., Main-en- griffe. 
 
 Clearing Agent. A substance used in micro- 
 scopy to render tissues transparent and suit- 
 able for mounting. 
 
 Cleavage (Me'-vaj) [AS., cleofan, to split 
 asunder]. 1. The linear clefts in the skin 
 indicating the general direction of the fibers. 
 They govern to a certain extent the arrange- 
 ment of the lesions in skin diseases. The 
 lines of cleavage run, for the most part, 
 obliquely to the axis of the trunk, sloping 
 from the spine downward and forward; in 
 the limbs they are mostly transverse to their 
 longitudinal axis. 2. A mode of cell-division. 
 C, Egg-. See Segmentation. C. -nucleus, 
 the nucleus which in the fertilized egg results 
 from the union of the male and female nuclei. 
 
 Cleemann's Sign, C.'s Test. In fracture of 
 the femur with shortening there is a wrinkle 
 above the ligamentum patellae, which disap- 
 pears when the shortening is corrected by 
 extension. 
 
 Cleft (kleft) [Icel., kluft, a cleft]. Divided. A 
 fissure. C, Branchial. See C, Visceral. 
 C.-hand, a congenital deformity in which 
 some finger or fingers are widely separated 
 from the others. C. Palate, a congenital 
 fissure of the palate. C. Sternum, con- 
 genital fissure of the sternum. C, Visceral, 
 the four slit-like openings on each side in the 
 cervical region in the fetus, sometimes called 
 the branchial openings. The slits close (in 
 the human fetus), except the upper, from 
 which are developed the auditory meatus, 
 tympanic cavity, and eustachian tube. 
 
 Cleidarthritis (kli-dar-thri'-tis) [xvU-Zf, clavicle ; 
 arthritis]. Inflammation of the sternocla- 
 vicular articulation. 
 
 Cleido- (kli-do-) [nXe'cc, clavicle]. A pre- 
 fix meaning pertaining to the clavicle. 
 
CLEIDOCOSTAL 
 
 285 
 
 CLONIC 
 
 Cleidocostal (kli-do-kos'-tal). Pertaining to 
 the ribs and the clavicle. 
 
 Cleidooccipital (kli-do-ok-sip' -it-al) Relating 
 to the clavicle and occiput. C. Muscle. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Cleidotomy (kli-dot f -o-me) [cleido-; xep.ve.cv, to 
 cut]. The operation of dividing the clavicles 
 in cases of difficult labor due to the broad 
 shoulders of the child. 
 
 Cleptomania (klep-to-ma'-ne-ah). See Klep- 
 tomania. 
 
 Clergyman's Sore Throat. A chronic hy- 
 pertrophic form of pharyngitis, with more or 
 less enlargement of the tonsils and lymph- 
 follicles of the posterior wall, due to exces- 
 sive or improper use of the voice. 
 
 Clerk-Maxwell's Experiment. On looking 
 through a chrome-alum solution an oval pur- 
 plish spot, due to the pigment of the macula 
 lutea, is seen. 
 
 Clerodendron (kler-o-den' -dron) [kXtjpoc, a lot; 
 divopov, tree]. A genus of tropical shrubs 
 and trees of the order Verbenacece. C. in- 
 fortunatum is a species indigenous to India 
 and Malaya; it is used as a substitute 
 for chirata; the juice of the leaves is a 
 tonic, febrifuge, and vermifuge. C. nerei- 
 folium is a species found in Malaya; 
 the root and leaves are antisyphilitic, tonic, 
 and vulnerary; the root and fruit are used 
 to stupefy fish. C. serratum is indige- 
 nous to India; the root is tonic and stom- 
 achic; the fruit, purgative and diuretic. 
 The leaves and an insect larva found on 
 the branches of C. trichotomnm are used 
 as an ascaricide. C. villosum is a species 
 indigenous to Malaya; the root is stomachic, 
 the sap vermifugal. 
 
 Clevenger's Fissure. The inferior occipital 
 fissure; a small fissure between the second 
 and third occipital convolutions. 
 
 Climacteric {kli-mak'-ter-ik) [nXcpaKxrip, the 
 round of a ladder]. A period of life at which 
 the system was believed to undergo marked 
 changes. These periods were thought to occur 
 every seven years. The word is now gen- 
 erally applied to the menopause. C. Age, 
 puberty; also in women the time of cessa- 
 tion of the catamenia. C. Epoch. Same 
 as C. Age. C, Grand, the sixty-third year. 
 
 Climatology (kli-mat-oV -o-]e) [nkcpa, climate; 
 Xoyoc, science]. The science of climate. 
 
 Clinic (klin'-ik) [kXcvckoc, pertaining to a bed]. 
 i. Medical instruction given at the bedside, 
 or in the presence of the patient whose 
 symptoms are studied and whose treatment 
 is considered. 2. A gathering of instructors, 
 students, and patients for the study and 
 treatment of disease. 
 
 Clinical (klin' -ik-al) [clinic]. Relating to bed- 
 side treatment or to a clinic. 
 
 Clinicopathology (klin -ik -0 - path - ol'-o - je) 
 [clinic; pathology}. Pathologic conditions as 
 open to clinical observation. 
 
 Clino- (klin-o-) [icXiveev, to incline]. A prefix 
 denoting inclination or declination. 
 
 Clinocephalus (klin-o -sef'-al- us) [clino-; 
 
 «£(f)aXr), the head]. A variety of dolicho- 
 cephalus occurring through synostosis 
 of the sphenoparietal suture and resulting 
 in a saddle-formed depression of the skull. 
 Syn., Saddle-head. 
 
 Clinodiagonal (hlin-o-di-ag' -on-al) [clino-; 
 diagonal]. Inclined and diagonal; obliquely 
 transverse. 
 
 Clinoid (klin'-oid) \kXLvt), a bed; eldoc", like- 
 ness]. Resembling a bed; applied to sundry 
 bony structures of the body, as the clinoid 
 processes. C. Processes. See under Process. 
 
 Clinology (klin-ol'-o-je) [clino-; Xoyoc, science]. 
 1. The science of the decline of animal 
 life after it has reached the meridian. 2. The 
 study of beds for the sick. 
 
 Clinometer (klin - om' - et - er) [clino-; phpov, 
 a measure]. An apparatus to estimate the 
 rotational capacity of the ocular muscles. 
 C, Duane's, a device for estimating tor- 
 sional deviations of the eye, and also used 
 in the study of metamorphopsia. 
 
 Clinoscope (klin'-o-skop) [clino-; okotzsiv, to 
 view]. An instrument for measuring the 
 torsion of the eyes when gazing at a fixed 
 object with the axes of vision presumably 
 parallel. 
 
 Clinotechny (klin-o' -tek-ne) [kXcvi], a bed; 
 Tiyyt), an art]. The art of making and pre- 
 paring beds for the sick. 
 
 Cliseometer (klis-e-om' -et-er) [kX!o!c, inclina- 
 tion; phpov, a measure]. An instrument 
 for measuring the degree of inclination of the 
 pelvic axis. 
 
 Clition (klit'-e-on) [kAct&c, a slope]. A cranio- 
 metric point located in the middle of the ' 
 anterior border of the clivus ossis. 
 
 Clitoridectomy (kli-tor-id-ek'-to-mc) [clitoris; 
 £K7op.T), excision]. Excision of the clitoris. 
 
 Clitoris (kli'-tor-is) [nXec~opic r clitoris]. The 
 homolog in the female of the penis, attached 
 to the ischiopubic rami by two crura or 
 branches, which meet in front of the pubic 
 joint to form the body, or corpus. It pos- 
 sesses erectility. C. Crises, paroxysms of sex- 
 ual excitement in women suffering from tabes. 
 
 Clivus (kli'-vus) [L., "a slope"]. A slope. C. 
 ossis, C. of Blumenbach, the slanting 
 surface of the body of the sphenoid bone 
 between the sella turcica and the basilar 
 process of the occipital bone. 
 
 Cloaca (klo-a'-kah) [L., "a sewer"]. 1. In 
 early fetal life, the common orifice of the in- 
 testine and the allantois. 2. A fistulous tract 
 in bone discharging pus from a sequestrum. 
 C, Congenital, a malformation in which the 
 rectum opens into the genitourinary tract. 
 C, Urogenital, an abnormal common open- 
 ing of the urethra and vagina due to a defec- 
 tive urethrovaginal septum. C, Vesicorec- 
 tovaginal, a common aperture of the blad- 
 der, rectum, and vagina, due to deformity or 
 trauma. 
 
 Clonic (klon'-ik) [clonus]. Applied to convul- 
 sive and spasmodic conditions of muscles 
 characterized by alternate contractions and 
 relaxations. 
 
CLONOGRAPH 
 
 286 
 
 COAGULIN 
 
 Clonograph {klon' -o-graf) [clonus; ypafacv, to 
 write]. An apparatus for recording the 
 spasmodic movements of the head, extrem- 
 ities, lower jaw, and trunk, as well as the 
 tendon-reflexes. 
 
 Clonus (klo'-nus) [kXovoc, commotion]. A 
 series of movements characterized by alter- 
 nate contractions and relaxations; a clonic 
 spasm. Involuntary, reflex, irregular con- 
 tractions of muscles when put suddenly upon 
 the stretch. According to the part affected, 
 the phenomenon is spoken of as ankle-, fool-, 
 rectus-, or wrist-clonus, etc. See under Reflex. 
 
 Cloquet's Canal. See under Canal. C.'s 
 Fascia, the crural septum. C.'s Ganglion, 
 the nasopalatine ganglion. C.'s Hernia, sub- 
 pubic hernia; a femoral hernia passing 
 behind and internally to the femoral vessels 
 and resting on the pectineus muscle. C.'s 
 Ligament. See Hatter's Habenula. 
 
 Clostridium (klos-trid' '-e-um) [kXojottjp, a spin- 
 dle]. A genus of bacteria differing from 
 bacilli in the fact that their spores are formed 
 in enlarged rods. 
 
 Closure (klo'-zhilr) [clausura, a closing]. The 
 act of completing or closing an electric 
 circuit. 
 
 Clot (klot) [AS., elate, a bur]. A peculiar 
 solidification of the blood, such as takes 
 place when it is shed. It is due to the 
 formation of fibrin, which entangles the 
 blood-corpuscles and, contracting, squeezes 
 out the liquid portion of the blood. 
 
 Cloudy Swelling. Parenchymatous degener- 
 ation; a swelling-up of the elements of a 
 tissue, with the formation in them of fine 
 granules due to the change of soluble albu- 
 minates into insoluble. ' 
 
 Clove (klov). See Caryophyllus. C. -hitch 
 Knot, a form of double knot in which two 
 successive loops are made close to each 
 other on the same piece of cord or bandage, 
 a half-twist being given to the junction of 
 each loop at the time of making it. 
 
 Clownism (klown'-izm) [Icel., klunni, a 
 boorish fellow]. That stage of hystero- 
 epilepsy in which there is an emotional dis- 
 play with a remarkable series of contortions. 
 
 Clubbed Fingers. Knobbed deformity of the 
 finger-tips, with curvature of the nails over 
 the finger-ends; seen in some cases of pul- 
 monary and cardiac disease. 
 
 Club-foot. See Talipes. C, Heel, talipes 
 calcaneus. C, Inward, talipes varus. C, 
 Outward, talipes valgus. 
 
 Club-hand. A deformity of the hand similar 
 to that of club-foot. 
 
 Club-moss (klub'-mos). See Lycopodium. 
 
 Clumping (klump' -ing) . See Agglutination 
 (2). C. Serum. See under Serum. 
 
 Clupein (klu' '-pe-in) [clupea, a kind of small 
 river-fish], C 30 H 57 N 17 O 6 + 4H 2 0. A protamin 
 from the herring. Syn., Salmin. 
 
 Clusia (klu f -se-ah) [Charles de VEscluse (1526- 
 1609)]. A genus of plants of the order 
 Guttifertz, many species of which yield a 
 gum-resin called West Indian balsam. C. 
 
 flava, of the West Indies, yields the milky 
 sap used as a substitute for copaiba. C. 
 insignis, of Brazil, yields a milky sap 
 used as a salve. C. hilar iana, of the West 
 Indies and South America, yields a gum 
 used as a drastic and vulnerary; the fruit is 
 edible and the astringent bark is employed 
 in diarrhea. 
 
 Clysis (Mi' -sis) [kXu^iv, to cleanse]. The ad- 
 ministration of an enema; the cleansing by 
 means of an enema. 
 
 Clysma (kliz'-mah). See Clyster. 
 
 Clysmic (kliz'-mik). Relating to an enema; 
 suitable for cleansing or washing. 
 
 Clyster (klis'-ter) [kXuott)P, an injection]. An 
 enema. See Alimentation, Rectal. C, Meat- 
 bouillon-wine- (Fleiner) : 80 Gm. of beef- 
 tea and 40 Gm. of mild white wine. Inject 2 
 or 3 times a day at body-heat. C, Meat- 
 pancreas- (Leube) : 150 Gm. good beef scraped 
 and chopped fine; 80 Gm. fresh pancreas (cow 
 or hog) free from fat; mix with 150 Gm. 
 lukewarm water; inject from 50 to 100 Gm. 
 at a time, by means of a simple funnel, and 
 at blood-heat. C, Nutritive (Boas): warm 
 250 Gm. of milk, stir in 2 egg-yolks, 1 tea- 
 spoonful of common salt, and 1 tablespoonful 
 of wheat-starch, and afterward add 1 table- 
 spoonful of red wine. If the mucous mem- 
 brane is easily irritated, 4 or 5 drops of tinc- 
 ture of opium may be added. C, Nutritive 
 (Ewald) : wheaten starch, J teaspoonful, is 
 boiled with a cup (100 Gm.) of a 20% solu- 
 tion of grape-sugar, and 1 wineglass (150 Gm.) 
 of red wine added. Then the solution is 
 cooled to 35 C. and 2 or 3 eggs beaten 
 smooth with 1 teaspoonful of cold water and 
 a little salt are stirred in slowly. Inject at 
 blood-heat. C, Nutritive (Jaccoud): 
 bouillon, 250 Gm.; wine, 120 Gm.; yolks 
 of 2 eggs; and peptone, 5 to 20 Gm. C, 
 Nutritive (Rosenheim) : peptone, 4 to 8 
 Gm.; 2 eggs; glucose, 15 Gm., and sometimes, 
 if desired, emulsions of cod-liver oil. 
 
 Cnemial ine'-me-aT) [Kvrjfirj, the leg]. Relating 
 to the tibia or leg; crural. 
 
 Cnemoscoliosis (ne-mo-sko-le-o'-sis) [Kvfjfi-q, 
 the leg; oKoXcog, curved]. Lateral curvature 
 of the legs. 
 
 Coagulated (ko-ag r -u-la-ted) [coagulare, to 
 curdle]. Clotted; curdled. C. Proteids, a 
 class of proteids produced by heating solutions 
 of egg-albumen or serum-albumin up to 70 
 C. or higher. At the body -temperature they 
 are readily converted into peptones by the 
 action of the gastric juice in an acid me- 
 dium, or of pancreatic juice in an alkaline 
 medium. 
 
 Coagulation (ko-ag-u-la'-shun) [coagulum]. 
 The formation of a coagulum or clot, as in 
 blood or in milk. 
 
 Coagulative (ko-ag'-u-la-tiv) [coagulum]. 
 Causing or marked by coagulation. C. Ne- 
 crosis. See Necrosis, Coagulative. 
 
 Coagulin (ko-ag' -u-lin) [coagulum]. A sub- 
 stance endowed with capacity to precipitate 
 certain albuminous bodies contained in the 
 
COAGULOMETER 
 
 287 
 
 COCAIN 
 
 culture-fluid injected into an inoculated ani- 
 mal. 
 
 Coagulometer {ho-ag-u-lom' -et-er) [coagulum; 
 fihpov, a measure]. An apparatus for the 
 determination of the rapidity of coagulation of 
 the blood. C, Wright's, a cylinder sur- 
 rounded by pockets for thermometer and 
 coagulation-tubes. 
 
 Coagulum {ko-ag' -u-lum) [coagulare, to curdle]. 
 A clot. The mass of fibrin, inclosing red and 
 colorless corpuscles and serum, that forms 
 from the blood after the latter has been drawn 
 from the body. Also, the curd of milk and 
 the insoluble form of albumin. 
 
 Coal-tar {kol'-tar). A by-product in the man- 
 ufacture of illuminating gas; it is a black, 
 viscid fluid, of a characteristic and dis- 
 agreeable odor. The specific gravity ranges 
 from i.io to i. 20. Its composition is ex- 
 tremely complex, and its principal constitu- 
 ents are separated, one from the other, by 
 means of fractional distillation. Among the 
 principal products manufactured from coal- 
 tar are anthracene, benzol, naphtha, creasote, 
 phenol, pitch, etc. From the basic oil of 
 coal-tar are manufactured the anilin or coal- 
 tar colors or dyes. 
 
 Coalescence (ko-al-es' '-ens) [coalescere, to grow 
 together]. The union of two or more parts 
 or things previously separate. 
 
 Coalescent (ko-al-es' -ent) . In a condition of 
 coalescence. 
 
 Coalitus {ko-al-i'-tus) [L.]. Coalescent; coal- 
 escence. C. artuum, adhesion of limbs to 
 each other. See Ankylomele. 
 
 Coaptation iko-ap-ta' -shun) [con, together; 
 aptare, to fit]. The proper union or adjust- 
 ment of the ends of a fractured bone, the lips 
 of a wound, etc. 
 
 Coarctate (ko-ark'-tat) [coarctare, to press to- 
 gether]. Crowded together. 
 
 Coarctation (ko-ark-ta'-shun) [coarctate]. A 
 compression of the walls of a vessel or canal, 
 narrowing or closing the lumen; reduction of 
 the normal or previous volume, as of the 
 pulse; shriveling and consequent detachment, 
 as of the retina. A stricture. 
 
 Coarse (kors) [ME., course]. Not fine; gross. 
 C. Adjustment. See Adjustment, Coarse. 
 C. Features of Disease, macroscopic 
 organic lesions, such as swelling, hemorrhage, 
 etc. 
 
 Coat (kot) [coitus, a tunic]. A cover or mem- 
 brane covering a part or substance. C, 
 Buffy, the upper fibrinous layer of the clot 
 of coagulated blood, characterized by its pale 
 color, due to absence of red corpuscles. C, 
 Internal Elastic. See Henle's Fenestrated 
 Membrane. C, Internal Fibrous. See C, 
 Subepithelial. C, Middle, the tunica media. 
 C, Subepithelial, the middle layer of the 
 intima, composed of fusiform and stellate 
 cells and finely granular substances with lon- 
 gitudinal and transverse fibrils. Syn., In- 
 nermost longitudinal fibrous coat; Inter- 
 mediary layer; Internal fibrous coat; Striated 
 layer of the internal coat. C, Uveal, the 
 
 uvea. C, Vaginal. 1. The fibrous capsule 
 of the eyeball. 2. See Tunica vaginalis. 
 
 Cobalt (ko'-bawlt) [kobold, a German mytho- 
 logic goblin]. A tough, heavy metal having 
 some of the general properties of iron. Its 
 oxids have been employed in medicine, but 
 are now very little used. See Elements, Table 
 of Chemic. C. Nitrate, CO(N0 3 ) 2 + 6H 2 0. It 
 is said to be a successful antidote in poisoning 
 by hydrocyanic acid and potassium cyanid. 
 C.and Potassium Nitrite, COK 3 (N0 2 ) 6 , co- 
 balt yellow, a powder, ■ slightly soluble in 
 water; antispasmodic and antidyspneic. 
 Dose J-| gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.). Syn., 
 Potassium cobaltonitrite. C. Salipyrin, a 
 salicylate of cobalt and antipyrin. 
 
 Cobelli's Glands. See Glands, CobelWs. 
 
 Cobra (ko'-brah) [Port.].' A venomous snake of 
 India, Naja tripudians. C.-lysin, Myers' 
 term for the hemolytic poison of cobra 
 venom. It is destroyed by heat and neutral- 
 ized by antivenin. Cf. Cobra Nervine; 
 Echidnase; Echidnotoxin. C. Nervine, one 
 of the principles isolated by Myers from 
 cobra venom. It is not decomposed by heat 
 nor neutralized by antivenin. 
 
 Coca {ko'-kah). See Erythroxylon. 
 
 Cocaethylin (ko-kah-eth' '-il-in) , C 18 H 23 N0 4 . A 
 white powder obtained from benzoylecgonin 
 by action of ethyl iodid. It is soluble in 
 alcohol and ether and almost insoluble in 
 water; it is a local anesthetic, milder than 
 cocain. Syn., Benzoylecgoninethylic ester; 
 Elhylbenzoylecgonin; Homococain. 
 
 Cocain {ko'-kah-in or ko-kan') [S.A., coca], 
 C 17 H 21 N0 4 . Cocain (cocaina, U. S. P.) is the 
 chief alkaloid of Erythroxylon coca. It is at 
 first stimulant and afterward narcotic, and 
 resembles caffein in its action on the 
 nerve-centers, and atropin in its effects on 
 the respiratory and circulatory organs. Its 
 long-continued use (cocai?i-habit) is fol- 
 lowed by insomnia, decay of moral and in- 
 tellectual power, emaciation, and death. It 
 is a local anesthetic when applied to the sur- 
 face of mucous membranes or given hypo- 
 dermatically. Applied to the conjunctiva of 
 the eye, it causes also dilation of the pupil 
 and paralysis of the function of accommo- 
 dation. Dose |-2 gr. (0.008-0.13 Gm.). 
 Syn., Methylbenzoylecgonin. C. Aluminium 
 Citrate, a double salt consisting of three mole- 
 cules of aluminium citrate and one of cocain; 
 it is used as an astringent and as a local anes- 
 thetic. C. Aluminium Sulfate, a compound 
 of aluminium sulfate and cocain. It is used 
 as is cocain aluminium citrate. C. Benzoate, 
 C 17 H 21 N0 4 . C 7 H 6 2 , anodyne and anesthetic. 
 C. Borate, a white, crystalline powder con- 
 taining 68.7% of cocain. It is used in eye- 
 douches and subcutaneous injections. C. 
 Cantharidate, (C 17 H 21 NO 4 ),C 10 H 12 O 4 . It is 
 used hypodermatically in tuberculosis; injec- 
 tion, ^o~To gr- (0.0013-0.0016 Gm.) in 500 
 parts of chloroform -water. C. Carbolate, a 
 crystalline mass containing 75 % of cocain; 
 it is analgesic, anticatarrhal, and a local an- 
 
COCAINISM 
 
 288 
 
 COCHIN-LEG 
 
 esthetic. Dose T V4 gr. (0.005-0.01 Gm.), 
 once or twice daily in capsules. Injection, 
 16 min. (1 Cc.) of 1 : 1250 solution in dilute 
 alcohol. Application, 1 to 3 % solution with 
 30% alcohol, 5% powder, or pure. C. 
 Cerate, 1 : 30, for burns, etc. C. Chlorid. 
 See C. Hydrochloride C. Citrate, used to 
 stop toothache. C. Hydrobromate, C 17 H 21 - 
 N0 4 HBr, small white crystals, soluble in 
 water. It is used instead of cocain hydro- 
 chlorid and the dosage is the same. C. 
 Hydrochlorid {cocaines hydrochloridum, U. S. 
 P.), C 17 H 21 N0 4 .HC1, most commonly used for 
 local anesthesia in 2 to 8 % solution. Dose, 
 internally, |-2 gr. (0.008-0.13 Gm.). C. 
 Hydrochlorid, Solution of {liquor cocaince 
 hydrochloratis, B. P.). Dose 2-10 min. (0.13- 
 0.65 Cc). C.Hydroiodate, Ci 7 H 21 N0 4 . HI, a 
 suggested substitute for cocain hydrochlorid 
 in producing electroanesthesia. C. Lac- 
 tate, C 17 H 21 N0 4 C 3 H 6 3 , a white liquid of 
 the consistence of honey; it is used par- 
 ticularly in tuberculous cysts of the bladder. 
 Injection (into the bladder), x\ gr. (0.1 
 Gm.) dissolved in 5 parts each of lactic 
 acid and distilled water. C. Lamellas 
 (lamellce cocaince, B. P.), each contains T ^ gr. 
 (0.00065 <&m.) of cocain hydrochlorid. C. 
 Muriate. See C. Hydrochlorid. C. Nitrate, 
 C 17 H 21 N0 4 . HNO . It is used in combination 
 with silver nitrate in treatment of disorders of 
 the genitourinary tract. Dose, as the hydro- 
 chlorid; maximum dose f gr. (0.049 Gm.), 
 single; 2\ gr. (0.146 Gm.) a day. C. 
 Oleate (oleatum cocaince, U: S. P.), a 10% 
 solution in oleic acid, for external use. 
 C. Phenate, a topical application in ca- 
 tarrhs and in rheumatism, used as a 5 to 
 10% alcoholic solution; also internally. Dose 
 xV~i g r - (0.005-0.01 Gm.). C. Phthalate, 
 contains 64.6% of the alkaloid. It is used 
 hypodermatically instead of cocain hydro- 
 chlorid. C. Saccharate, moist crystalline 
 plates used in diseases of the throat; a 5 % so- 
 lution corresponds to a 4 % solution of cocain 
 hydrochlorid. C. Salicylate, C 17 H 21 N0 4 . - 
 C 7 H 6 3 , is used in spasmodic asthma in the 
 same manner as cocain hydrochlorid. C. 
 Tartrate, (C 17 H 21 N0 4 ) 2 C 4 H 6 6 . Uses and 
 dose same as of cocain hydrochlorid. 
 
 Cocainism {ko-ka f -in-izm) [cocain]. The 
 cocain-habit. , 
 
 Cocainization {ko-ka-in-iz-a' -shun) [cocain]. 
 The bringing of the system or an organ 
 under the influence of cocain. C, Endome- 
 ningeal, C, Intraspinal, C, Spinal-canal, 
 C, Spinal Subarachnoid, C, Subarach- 
 noid. See Coming-Bier Method under 
 Anesthetic. 
 
 Cocapyrin (ko-ka-pi' -rin) . A mixture of 
 cocain, 1 part; antipyrin, 100 parts; used 
 as an analgesic and antipyretic. Dose 3^ 
 gr. (0.22 Gm.). 
 
 Coccaceae (kok-kas'-e-e) [see Coccus]. A 
 group of schizomycetous fungi or bacteria, 
 including as genera the Micrococcus, Sarcina, 
 Ascococcus, and Leuconostoc, 
 
 Coccidioides immitis pyogenes (kok-sid-e- 
 oid'-ez im-i'-tis pi-oj'-en-ez). A patho- 
 genic microorganism discovered by Ophuls 
 and Moffitt (1900). It produces in human 
 beings chronic suppurative processes or 
 caseation. 
 
 Coccidiosis {kok-sid-i' -o-sis) [coccidium; vboog, 
 disease]. The group of symptoms produced 
 by the presence of coccidia in the body. 
 
 Coccidium {kok-sid' -e-um) [coccus; pi., coccidia]. 
 A genus of protozoans, by some referred 
 to as the socalled psorosperms. See Psoro- 
 sperm. C. oviforme, has been found in 
 intestinal epithelium and in the liver of man, 
 and often in the liver of the rabbit. True 
 coccidia are nonmotile cell-parasites. C. 
 sarkolytus, the name given by Adamkie- 
 wicz to the socalled parasite of carcinoma. 
 
 Coccinella {kok-sin-el' -ah) . See Cochineal. 
 
 Coccineous (kok-sin' '-e-us) [coccinus, scarlet]. 
 In color, pure carmin tinged with yellow. 
 
 Coccobacillus {kok-o-ba-siV -us) . See under Bac- 
 teria. 
 
 Coccobacteria (kok-o-bak-te' '-re-ah) [coccus; 
 fiaKTTjpcov, a little rod]. The rod-like or 
 spheroid bacteria found in putrefying liquids, 
 and called C. septica. See under Bacteria. 
 
 Coccogenous (kok-oj'-en-us) [coccus; jevvdv, to 
 produce]^ Caused by the presence of pus- 
 cocci. 
 
 Cocculus indicus (kok'-u-lus in'-dik-us). 
 The dried fruit of Anamirta cocculus. It is 
 an active narcotic poison. It is employed as 
 a destroyer of vermin. See Picrotoxin. 
 
 Coccus {kok'-us) [kokkoc, a berry]. 1. A genus 
 of insects including C. cacti, the cochineal 
 insect. 2. A spheric bacterium — a micro- 
 coccus. 
 
 Coccycephalus {kok-se-sef -al-us) [coccyx; 
 K£(f)aXrj, the head]. 1. Having a beaked 
 process for a head. 2. A monstrosity with 
 such a head. 
 
 Coccydynia (kok-se-din'-e-ah). See Coccy- 
 godynia. 
 
 Coccygeus (kok-sij f -e-us) [coccyx]. One of 
 the pelvic muscles. See under Muscle. 
 
 Coccygodynia (kok-sig-o-din'-e-ah) [coccyx; 
 oduvrj, pain]. Pain referred to the region 
 of the coccyx; confined almost exclusively 
 to women who have given birth to chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Coccyx {kok'-siks) [kokku£, cuckoo (resembling 
 the bill)]. The last bone of the spinal column, 
 formed by the union of four rudimentary 
 vertebras. 
 
 Cochineal {kotch' -in-el or kotch-in-el') [ME., 
 cutchaneal]. The dried insects of a species 
 of plant-lice, Coccus cacti, parasitic upon a 
 cactus of Mexico and Central America. It 
 contains a rich red coloring-matter, carmin, 
 used mainly as a dyeing agent. It is thought 
 to be valuable in whooping-cough. Dose \ 
 gr. (0.02 Gm.). 
 
 Cochinilin {kotch-in-il f -in) . The same as 
 Carminic acid. 
 
 Cochin-leg {ko'-chin). Synonym of Ele- 
 phantiasis arabum, 
 
COCHLEA 
 
 289 
 
 COHNHEIM'S AREAS 
 
 
 Cochlea {kok'-le-ah) [noyXoc, a conch-shell]. 
 A cavity of the internal ear resembling a 
 snail-shell. It describes z\ turns about a 
 central pillar called the modiolus or colum- 
 ella, forming the spiral canal, about \\ 
 inches in length. See also Ear. 
 
 Cochlear, Cochleare {kok'-le-ar, kok-le-a' -re) 
 [L.]. A spoon; a spoonful. C. magnum, 
 a tablespoon. C. medium, a dessertspoon. 
 C. minimum, a teaspoon. 
 
 Cochleariform {kok-le-ar' -e-form) [cochlear; 
 forma, shape], i. Spoon-shaped. 2. [nS^^of, 
 a conch-shell.] Having the shape of a snail- 
 shell. 
 
 Cocinin (ko' 'sin-in) . A peculiar fatty principle, 
 the chief constituent of cocoanut oil. Syn., 
 Cocin; Cocostearin; Cocostearyl; Cocyl. 
 
 Cock's Peculiar Tumor. Extensive septic 
 ulceration of the scalp, resembling an epi- 
 thelioma and developed from a neglected 
 sebaceous cyst. 
 
 Cockroach (kok' '-rock) . See Blatta. 
 
 Coco {ko f -ko). See Coko Disease. 
 
 Cocoa, Coco (ko'-ko). See Cacao and Theo- 
 broma. C. -butter. See Cacao-butter. 
 
 Cod (kod) [ME.]. The Gadus morrhua, a 
 fish furnishing cod-liver oil. C. -liver Oil, 
 an oil derived from the liver of the Gadus 
 morrhua, and ranging in color, according 
 to the method of its preparation, from pale 
 straw to dark brown; its specific gravity is 0.923 
 to 0.924 or even 0.930 at i5°C. See Morrhua. 
 
 Codeia {ko-de'-ah). See Codein. 
 
 Codein {ko'-de-in) [Koodeca, the poppy-head], 
 C 18 H 21 N0 3 + H 2 0, codeina (U. S. P.). A 
 white, crystalline alkaloid of opium re- 
 sembling morphin in action, but being 
 weaker. It is used in cough and in diabetes 
 mellitus. Dose £-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). 
 Syn., Codeia; Methylmorphin. C. Acetate, 
 C 18 H 21 N0 3 . C 2 H 4 2 , use and dose same as 
 codein. C. Citrate, used as is codein. C. 
 Hydrobromate, C 18 H 21 N0 3 . HBr + 2H 2 0, 
 used as is codein. C. Hydro chlorate, C 18 - 
 H 21 N0 3 . HC1 + 2H 2 0, use and dose same 
 as codein. C. Hydroiodate, C 18 H 21 NO s . HI 
 + H 2 0, use and dose same as codein. C. 
 Nitrate, C 18 H 21 NO s . HNO s , use and dose 
 same as codein. C. Phosphate {codeines 
 phosphas, U. S. P.), soluble in water. It is 
 similar to morphin in action, but less toxic. 
 Dose, hypodermatically, \ gr. (0.032 Gm.). 
 C. Salicylate, a white powder, soluble in 
 water, used in rheumatism. C. Sulfate 
 {codeince sulphas, U. S. P.), the sulfate of the 
 alkaloid. Dose \-\ gr. (0.01-0.016 Gm.). C. 
 Valerianate, an antispasmodic and sedative. 
 Dose \ gr. (0.016 Gm.). 
 
 Coefficient {ko-ef-ish'-ent) [con, together; effi- 
 cere, to produce]. A figure indicating the 
 degree of physical or chemic alteration char- 
 acteristic of a given substance under stated 
 conditions. C, Baumann's. See under 
 Baumann. C, Bouchard's. See under 
 Bouchard. C, Haeser's. See Chrislison's 
 Formula. C, Trapp's. See Trapp's For- 
 mula. C, Yvon's. See under Yvon. 
 20 
 
 Cceliac {se'-le-ak). See Celiac. 
 
 Cceliotomy {se-le-of -o-me) . See Celiotomy. 
 
 Coelom, Cceloma {se'-lom, se-lo'-mah). See 
 Celom. 
 
 Coelongate {ko-e-lon' -gat) [con, together; elon- 
 gatus, elongated]. Of equal length. 
 
 Coenesthesis {sen -es- the' -sis). See Ceneslhe- 
 sis. 
 
 Ccenurus {se-nur'-us) [kocvqc, common; oupd, 
 tail]. The larva of Taenia ccenurus, producing 
 the disease of sheep called staggers. 
 C. cerebralis, a hydatid found mainly 
 in the brain and spinal canal of the 
 ox and sheep (mostly in young animals). 
 Occasionally it has been discovered in the 
 muscles of man. It is known to be the larva 
 of the tape- worm, Taenia ccenurus. 
 
 Coercible {ko-ers' -ib-il) [coercerg, to curb]. 
 Applied to gases which are capable of being 
 liquefied. 
 
 Coercive {ko-ers'-iv). Capable of being ren- 
 dered magnetic and continuing so. 
 
 Coetaneous ' {ko-et-a' -ne-us) [con, together; 
 cetas, age]. Reaching maturity simultane- 
 ously. 
 
 Coffea {kof'-e-ah). The coffee tree. C. ara- 
 bica, the common coffee plant, is the original 
 source of most of the coffee cultivation. 
 
 Coffee {kof'-e). See Coffea. C. -ground 
 Vomit, the material ejected by emesis in 
 gastric carcinoma and other conditions that 
 give rise to a slow hemorrhage into the 
 stomach. It consists of blood changed by 
 the action of the gastric juice, and mixed 
 with other contents of the stomach. 
 
 Coffeon {kof'-e-on). A product obtained by 
 condensing the material volatilized when 
 coffee is roasted. The pleasant flavor of 
 coffee is due to it. 
 
 Cognac {kon-yak) [a district in France]. 
 French brandy distilled from wines produced 
 in the district of Cognac. 
 
 Cog-wheel Breathing, C. Respiration. A 
 type of breathing characterized by a jerky, 
 wavy inspiration. 
 
 Cohabitation {ko-hab-it-a' -shun) [con, together; 
 habitare, to dwell]. 1. The living together of 
 a man and woman, with or without legal 
 marriage. 2. Sexual connection. 
 
 Cohen's Test for Albumin. To the acid 
 solution of albumin add a solution of potas- 
 sium bismuthic iodid and potassium iodid. 
 The albumin and the alkaloids are precipi- 
 tated. 
 
 Cohesion {ko-he r -zhun) [cohecrere, to stick 
 together]. The force whereby molecules of 
 matter adhere to one another; the attraction 
 of aggregation. 
 
 Cohn's Law. The specific form of bacteria 
 has a fixed, immutable basis. C.'s Stigmas, 
 minute gaps in the interalveolar walls of 
 the normal lung. 
 
 Cohnheim's Areas, C.'s Fields. Small poly- 
 gonal fields visible on optic section of a sar- 
 cous element prism. C.'s Frog. See Salt- 
 frog. C.'s Terminal Arteries, terminal 
 arteries without anastomoses. C.'s Theory, 
 
COHOSH 
 
 290 
 
 COLIBACILLOSIS 
 
 a theory that all true tumors are due to 
 faulty embryonal development. The em- 
 bryonal cells do not undergo the normal 
 changes, are displaced, or are superfluous. 
 When the favorable conditions are presented 
 later in life, they take on growth, with the 
 formation of tumors of various kinds. See 
 Cancer, Cohnheim's Theory of. C.'s Tumor- 
 germs, small aberrant or heterotopic masses 
 of embryonic tissue from which newgrowths 
 may originate. 
 
 Cohosh (ko'-hosh) [Am. Ind.]. A name given 
 to several medicinal plants. C, Black. See 
 Cimicifuga. C, Red. See Actcea rubra. C, 
 White. See Actcea alba. 
 
 Coil (koil) [colligere, to gather together]. A 
 spiral formed by winding. C. -gland. See 
 Sweat-gland. C, Induction-, rolls of wire 
 used to produce an electric current by induc- 
 tion. C, Letter's. See Letter's Tubes. C, 
 Primary, the inner coil of an induction ap- 
 paratus. C, Resistance-, a coil of wire of 
 known electric resistance, used for estimat- 
 ing resistance. C, Secondary, the* outer 
 coil of an induction apparatus. 
 
 Coinosite (ko-in f -o-slt) [kocvoc, common; ocx- 
 £~cv, to feed]. An animal parasite capable 
 of separating itself from its host at will; a 
 free commensal organism. 
 
 Coin-sign, Coin-test (koin'-sln, koin'-test). See 
 Bell-sound. 
 
 Coition {ko-ish' -un) . Same as Coitus. 
 
 Coitophobia (ko-it-o-fo f -be-ah) [coitus; 4>6ftoc, 
 fear]. Morbid dread of coitus from disgust 
 or dyspareunia. 
 
 Coitus (ko'-it-us) [coire, to come together]. The 
 act of sexual connection; copulation. 
 
 Coko Disease (ko'-ko). A name applied in the 
 Fiji Islands to a disease resembling fram- 
 besia. 
 
 Cola-nut (ko'-lah-nut). See Kola-nut. 
 
 Colauxe (kol-awks' -e) [koXov, colon; au^f), in- 
 crease]. Distention of the colon. 
 
 Colchicein (kol-chis-e' -in) [colchicum], C 17 H 21 - 
 NO s + 2H 2 0. A crystalline decomposition- 
 product of colchicin. It is used subcutane- 
 ously in treatment of gout. Dose gV" 3V gr. 
 (0.001-0.002 Gm.). 
 
 Colchicin (koV -chis-in) [colchicum], C 22 H 25 NO e , 
 colchicina (U. S. P.). An alkaloid of colchi- 
 cum; it is a pale, brownish-yellow, exceed- 
 ingly bitter powder, freely soluble in water. It 
 is a very active poison. Its dose is y$ gr. 
 (0.0032 Gm.) hypodermatically. C. Sali- 
 cylate. See Colchisal. 
 
 Colchicum (koV -chik-um) [koXxckov, colchicum]. 
 Meadow-saffron. The corm and seed of C. 
 autumnale, the properties of which are due 
 to an alkaloid, colchicin. It is an emetic, 
 diuretic, diaphoretic, and drastic cathartic. 
 It is valuable in acute gout . and in some 
 forms of rheumatism. Dose of the powdered 
 corm (colchici cormus, U. S. P.) 2-8 gr. (0.13- 
 0.52 Gm.); of the powdered seeds (colchici 
 semen, U. S. P.) 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
 C. Corm, Extract of (extr actum colchici cormi, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm -)- C., Ex- 
 
 tract of, Acetic (extractum aceticum colchici, 
 
 B. P.). Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). C. 
 Seed, Fluidextract of (fluidextr actum colchici 
 seminis, U. S. P.). Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). 
 
 C. Seed, Tincture of (tinctura cplchici seminis, 
 U. S. P.), 10% strength. Dose 10-30 min. 
 (0.6-2.0 Cc). C. Seed, Wine of (vinum col- 
 chici seminis, U. S. P.), 10 % in strength. Dose 
 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Colchiflor (kol f -chi-flor). A remedy for gout 
 prepared from a tincture made from the 
 fresh flowers of Colchicum autumnale and 
 powdered kola. It is said to be free from 
 the drastic properties contained in prepara- 
 tions from the bulb and seeds of colchicum. 
 
 Colchisal {koV -chis-al) . Colchicin salicylate. 
 A yellow, amorphous powder, soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, and water. It is used in gout 
 and arthritis. Dose T ^ ¥ gr. (0.00065 Gm.). 
 
 Cold (kold) [AS., ceald]. 1. The compara- 
 tive want of heat. 2. A term used popu- 
 larly for coryza and catarrhal conditions of the 
 respiratory tract. Cold is employed largely 
 in various forms as a therapeutic agent, 
 mainly for the purpose of lowering tempera- 
 ture and allaying irritation and inflamma- 
 tion. It may be used in the form of affusion, 
 that is, the sudden application of a consid- 
 erable volume of cold water to the body. 
 Cold may be used as an anesthetic in baths 
 (see Bath); in the form of compresses ap- 
 plied over the affected part; in the form of 
 irrigation, especially in the treatment of 
 bruised and injured members; as a lotion, 
 for the purpose of relieving local heat, pain, 
 and swelling; as an injection, in the form 
 of ice-water, into the vagina or rectum, for 
 various conditions; and as the cold pack, 
 which is a valuable means of reducing the 
 body-temperature in cases of hyperpyrexia. 
 Cold may be applied in the dry form by 
 means of the ice-cap or bladder, an india- 
 rubber bag filled with ice, snow, or a freezing 
 mixture. C. Abscess. See Abscess, Cold. C- 
 cream (unguentum aqua roses, U. S. P.), sper- 
 maceti, 125 Gm.; white wax, 120 Gm.; ex- 
 pressed oil of almond, 560 Gm.; stronger rose- 
 water, 190 Gm., in which finely powdered so- 
 dium borate 5 Gm. has been dissolved. When 
 used as a vehicle for metallic salts the sodium 
 borate should be omitted. Used for chapping 
 of face and hands, abrasions, etc. C. Pack. 
 See Pack, Cold. C, Rose-, hay-fever. C- 
 sore, herpes labialis. C, St. Kilda's, C, 
 Strangers', in the Hebrides, a form of influ- 
 enza ascribed by the natives to the arrival of a 
 ship and the presence of outsiders. 
 
 Colectomy (ko-lek'-to-me) [colon; hro/ir], cut- 
 ting out]. Excision of a portion of the 
 colon. 
 
 Coley's Fluid, C.'s Mixture. A combination 
 of the toxins of Streptococcus erysipelatis and 
 Bacillus prodigiosus; it has been used as a 
 remedy for cancer in the early stage. 
 
 Colibacillosis (ko-le-bas-il-o' '-sis) . The morbid 
 condition due to infection with Bacterium 
 coli. 
 
COLIBACTERIURIA 
 
 291 
 
 COLLES' FASCIA 
 
 Colibacteriuria (ko-le-bak-te-re-u' -re-ah). The 
 presence in the urine of Bacterium coli. 
 
 Colic {kol'-ik) [colon]. i. Pertaining to the 
 colon. 2. A severe griping pain in the 
 bowels, due to spasm of the intestinal 
 walls; also any severe spasmodic pain in 
 the abdomen. C., Biliary, that due to the 
 passage of a gall-stone through the gall- 
 ducts. C, Crapulent, C, Crapulous, 
 that due to excess in eating and drinking. 
 C, Cystic, colicky pain in the urinary 
 bladder. C, Devonshire. Synonym of C, 
 Lead-. C, Hemorrhoidal, intense pain near 
 the anus and sacrum preceding a discharge 
 from the hemorrhoidal vessels. C, Hepatic, 
 biliary colic. C, Herniary, the pain attend- 
 ing hernia. C, Inflammatory, the intense 
 pain attending colitis. C, Lead-, C, Sat- 
 urnine, intestinal colic due to lead-poisoning. 
 It is characterized by excruciating abdominal 
 pain, a hard and retracted condition of the 
 abdomen, slow pulse, and increased arterial 
 tension. Syn., Colica pictonum; Painter's 
 colic. C, Menstrual, the pain of men- 
 struation. C, Metastatic, that due to metas- 
 tasis of gout or to suppression of the menses 
 or the hemorrhoidal flow. C, Renal, that 
 due to the presence of a calculus in the ure- 
 ter. C, Saburral, that resulting from over- 
 eating. C, Senegal, lead-colic. C, Uter- 
 ine, colicky pains experienced at the men- 
 strual epochs, often coming on in paroxysms. 
 C, Vermicular, i. Pain in the vermiform 
 appendix, due to catarrhal inflammation re- 
 sulting from stoppage of its outlet. 2. That 
 due to intestinal worms. Syn., Verminous 
 colic; Worm colic. 
 
 Colicolitis (ko-le-kol-i' -tis) . See Dysentery. 
 
 Colicystitis (ko-le-sist-i' '-tis) {colon; kuotcc, blad- 
 der; exec, inflammation]. Cystitis dependent 
 upon the pathogenic activity of the colon 
 bacillus. 
 
 Colicystopyelitis (ko-le- sist -o-pi-e- W - tis) . 
 Combined cystitis and pyelitis due to Bacillus 
 coli communis. 
 
 Coliform (kol'-e-form) [colum, a sieve; forma, 
 form]. Sieve-like. 
 
 Colipuncture (ko-le-punk'-chur) . See Colocen- 
 tesis. 
 
 Colitis {ko-li'-tis) [colon; cztc, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the colon . C . , Croupous , C . , 
 Desquamative, C, Diphtheric, C, Fol- 
 licular, C, Membranous, C, Mucomem- 
 branous, C, Plastic. See C, Mucous. C, 
 Idiopathic Ulcerative, a specific affection 
 due to microorganisms, beginning in and 
 throughout its course, invariably limited to the 
 colon. C, Mucous, a clinical combination of 
 symptoms characterized by periodic abdominal 
 pains associated generally with abnormities 
 of the secretory and absorptive functions, and 
 with the discharge of peculiarly formed mu- 
 cous masses, sometimes resembling exact casts 
 of the intestine. Syn., Chronic exudative 
 enteritis; Chronic mucocolitis; Diarrhoea tubu- 
 laris; Fibrinous diarrhea; Follicular-colonic 
 dyspepsia; Follicular duodenal dyspepsia; 
 
 Intestinal croup; Pellicular enteritis; Pseudo- 
 membranous enteritis. C, Ulcerative. Syn- 
 onym of Dysentery. 
 
 Collacin, Collastin (kol'-as-in, -tin). A sub- 
 stance found abundant, by Unna, in colloid 
 degeneration of the skin. 
 
 Collaform {kol'-a-}orm). A formaldehyd-gel- 
 atin preparation intended as a vulnerary. 
 
 Collagen (kol'-aj-en) [noXXa, glue; yevvdv, to 
 produce]. A substance existing in various 
 tissues of the body, especially bone and car- 
 tilage; it is converted into gelatin by boiling. 
 
 Collapse (kol-aps') [collabere, to fall together]. 
 Extreme depression and prostration from 
 failure of the circulation, as in cholera, shock, 
 hemorrhage, etc. C. of Lung, return of a por- 
 tion or the whole of a lung to its fetal or air- 
 less condition from some mechanic hindrance 
 to the entrance of air. It is characterized by 
 dyspnea, with more or less cyanosis, and is 
 mainly encountered in bronchopneumonia. 
 
 Collapsing (kol-aps 1 '-in g) [collapse]. Suddenly 
 breaking down. C. Pulse. See Corrigan's 
 Pulse. 
 
 Collar-bone. The clavicle. 
 
 Collargol, Collargolum {kol-ar'-gol, kol-ar'-gol- 
 um). See Silver, Colloidal. 
 
 Collateral (kol-al'-er-al) [con, together; lateralis, 
 of the side]. 1. Accessory or secondary; not 
 direct or immediate. 2. One of the first 
 branches of an axis-cylinder of a nerve-cell 
 passing at a right angle. 
 
 Collecting Tubes of the Kidney. A name 
 given to the ducts discharging into the calices 
 of the kidneys. 
 
 Collemia, Collaemia (kol-e' -me-ah) [nolla, glue; 
 alfia, blood]. Haig's term for a condition of 
 capillary obstruction which he attributes to 
 a clogging of the capillaries by urates or col- 
 loid deposits. 
 
 Colles' Fascia. The deep layer of the peri- 
 neal fascia. It is attached to the base of 
 the triangular ligament, to the anterior lips 
 of the rami of the pubes and ischiums lat- 
 erally, and anteriorly it is continuous with 
 the dartos of the scrotum. C.'s Fracture, 
 transverse fracture of the lower extremity of 
 the radius, with displacement of the hand 
 backward and outward. C.'s Law, the child 
 of a syphilitic father will render its mother 
 
 Colles' Fracture. — (Gould and Pyle's Cyclopedia.) 
 
 immune against syphilis. In Colles' original 
 words: "A new-born child affected with con- 
 genital syphilis, even although it may have 
 symptoms in the mouth, never causes ulcera- 
 tion of the breasf which it sucks, if it be the 
 mother who suckles it, though continuing 
 capable of infecting a strange nurse." C.'s 
 Ligament, the fibers which pass from the 
 outer portion of Poupart's ligament behind 
 
COLLES-BEAUMES' LAW 
 
 292 
 
 COLOCYNTHIS 
 
 the internal pillar of the abdominal ring and 
 are inserted into the linea alba, where they 
 interlace with those of the opposite side. C.'s 
 Space, the space beneath the perineal fascia 
 containing the ischiocavernosus, transversus 
 perinei, and bulbocavernosus muscles, the bul- 
 bous portion of the urethra, the posterior scro- 
 tal (labial) vessels and nerves, and loose are- 
 olar tissue. 
 
 Colles-Beaumes' Law. See Colics' Law. 
 
 Collidin (kol'-id-in) [noXXa, glue], C 8 H n N. A 
 ptomain, isomeric but not identical with colli- 
 din aldehyd. The ptomain was obtained 
 from pancreas and gelatin allowed to putrefy 
 together in water. C. Aldehyd. See Al- 
 dehyd, Collidin. 
 
 Collier's Lung. Synonym of Anthracosis. 
 
 Colligamen (kol-ig'-a-men) [colligare, to bind], 
 i. A ligament. 2. A name given to a variety 
 of bandages prepared with glycerol and a 
 glycerol-zinc paste. 
 
 Collin (kol'-in) [noXXa, glue]. Gelatin in soluble 
 form. 
 
 Collinic (kol-in'-ik). Relating to or obtained 
 from gelatin. 
 
 Collinsonia (kol-in-so' -ne-ah) [after Peter Col- 
 linson, an English gentleman], A genus of 
 labiate herbs. C. canadensis, .stoneroot, 
 healall, is a coarse plant with a disagreeable 
 smell; it has tonic, diuretic, and diaphoretic 
 properties. Dose 15-60 gr. (1-4 Cc.) in 
 decoction; of the fluidextract 10 min.-i dr. 
 (0.65-4.0 Cc); of the tincture (1 : 10) £-2 
 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Colliquation (kol-ik-wa' -shun) [con, together; 
 liquare, to melt]. The liquefaction or break- 
 ing down of a tissue or organ. 
 
 Colliquative (kol-ik' -wa-tiv) [colliquation]. 
 Profuse or excessive; marked by excessive 
 fluid discharges. C. Diarrhea, a profuse 
 watery diarrhea. C. Necrosis. See Necrosis, 
 Liquej active. C. Sweat, a profuse clammy 
 sweat. 
 
 Colliquef action (kol-ik -we -fak' -shun) [col- 
 liquation]. A melting or fusing together 
 
 Collocated (kol'-o-ka-ted) [collocare, to place]. 
 Corresponding with in respect to location; 
 applied especially to parts of the brain that 
 are adjacent, one ectal and the other ental; 
 e. g., the calcarine fissure and the calcar. 
 
 Collodion (kol-o'-de-on) [KoXXtbd-qc, glue-like]. 
 Collodium (U. S. P.). A dressing for wounds 
 made by dissolving guncotton in ether; it is 
 used as a substitute for adhesive plaster. See 
 Pyroxylin. C, Acetone, one prepared from 
 guncotton, 5 parts; ether, 10 parts; alcohol, 
 10 parts; acetone, 20 parts; castor-oil, 6 
 parts. It is more elastic than ordinary flexible 
 collodion. C, Cantharidal (collodium can- 
 tharidatum, U. S. P.), a blistering solution of 
 collodion and cantharides. C, Flexible 
 (collodium flexile, U. S. P.), collodion with 
 the addition of castor-oil and Canada balsam. 
 C, Iodized, flexible collodion with the addi- 
 tion of 5 % of iodin. It is used in chilblains. 
 C, Iodoform, flexible collodion with 5 % of 
 iodoform. C, Styptic (collodium stypticum, 
 
 U. S. P.), a mixture of collodion with tannic 
 
 acid, ether, and alcohol. 
 Collodium (kol-o' -de-um) . See Collodion. 
 Colloid (kol'-oid) [noXXa, glue]. 1. A non- 
 
 dialyzable organic substance. See Dialysis. 
 
 2. A substance formed by colloid degenera- 
 tion of epithelium. See Degeneration, Colloid. 
 
 3. Having the nature of glue. 4. In chemistry, 
 amorphous and noncrystalline. C. Cancer. 
 See Cancer, Colloid. C. Degeneration. See 
 Degeneration, Colloid. 
 
 Colloidin (kol-oid' -in) [colloid], C 9 H 15 N0 6 . 
 A jelly-like substance obtained from colloid 
 tissue. 
 
 Colloma (kol-o' -mah) [noXXa, glue; ofia, a 
 tumor]. A cystic tumor containing a gel- 
 atiniform substance. 
 
 Collosin (kol'-o-sin) [noXXa, glue]. A skin- 
 varnish made by the addition of camphor 
 to acetone collodion. 
 
 Collum (kol'-um) [L.]. The neck; espe- 
 cially the anterior part of the neck. C. dis- 
 tortum. Synonym of Torticollis. 
 
 Collutory (koV -u-to-re) [colluere, to rinse]. A 
 gargle or mouth -wash. 
 
 Collyrium (kol-ir' -e-um) [noXXuptov, an eye- 
 salve]. A lotion for the eyes. 
 
 Coloboma (kol-o-bo'-mah) [noXofiouv, to muti- 
 late]. A congenital fissure of the iris, choroid, 
 or eyelids. C, Fuchs', a small crescentic 
 defect of the choroid at the lower border of 
 the optic disc. C. palpebral, C. palpebra- 
 rum, a form of partial ablepharia consisting 
 in a fissure of the eyelid— most frequently the 
 upper lid. Syn., Blepharocolobdma. 
 
 Colocentesis (kol-o -sen-te' -sis) [colon; Kevzrjocc, 
 puncture]. Surgical puncture of the colon. 
 
 Colocholecystostomy (ko-lo-kol-e-sis-tos' '-to- 
 me). See Cholecystocolotomy. 
 
 Colocleisis (ko-lo-kW -sis) [colon; kXs'cocc, 
 closure]. Occlusion of the colon. 
 
 Coloclyster (ko-lo-klis'-ter) [colon; clyster]. 
 An enema in the colon. 
 
 Colocolostomy (ko-lo-kol-os'-to-me). The oper- 
 ation of forming a connection between two 
 portions of the colon. 
 
 Colocynth (kol'-o-sinth). Same as Colocynthis. 
 
 Colocynthidism (kol-o -sinth' -id-izm) [colocyn- 
 this]. Poisoning from undue use of colocynth. 
 A condition marked by violent inflammation 
 of the digestive tract, watery and bloody 
 stools, bilious vomiting, cramps in the calves 
 of the legs, and collapse. 
 
 Colocynthin (kol-o -sin' -thin) [colocynthis]. 
 The bitter principle of colocynth. See Colo- 
 cynthis. 
 
 Colocynthis (kol-o -sin' -this) [koXokuvQ'cc, colo- 
 cynth]. Colocynth. Bitter apple. The fruit 
 of Citrullus colocynthis, from which the seeds 
 and rind have been removed. Its properties 
 are due to a bitter glucosid, colocynthin, 
 CgsH^Oaa, the dose of which is ^Vi gr- 
 (0.003-0.013 Gm.). It is a tonic and as- 
 tringent purgative, and is used mainly as an 
 ingredient of compound cathartic pills. 
 Colocynthidis, Extractum (U. S. P.), alco- 
 holic Dose §-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). 
 
COLOENTERITIS 
 
 293 
 
 COLPOHYPERPLASIA 
 
 Colocynthidis, Extractum, Compositum 
 
 (U. S. P.), contains colocynth extract, 16; 
 aloes, 50; cardamom, 6; resin of scammony, 
 14; soap, 14; alcohol, 10 parts. Dose 5-20 
 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). Colocynthidis, Pilula, 
 Composita (B. P.), contains colocynth, aloes, 
 scammony, potassium sulfate, and oil of 
 cloves. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 Colocynthidis, Pilulse, et Hyoscyami (B. 
 P.), pills of colocynth and henbane. Dose 
 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 
 Coloenteritis (ko-lo-en-ter-i'-tis) {colon; en- 
 teritis]. Inflammation of the small and large 
 intestine. See Enterocolitis. 
 
 Colomba, Colombo (kol-om'-bah, kol-om f -bo). 
 See Calumba. 
 
 Colon {ko'-lon) [koXov, the colon]. The part 
 of the large intestine beginning at the cecum 
 and terminating at the end of the sigmoid 
 flexure. In the various parts of its course 
 it is known as the ascending colon, the trans- 
 verse colon, the descending colon, and the 
 sigmoid flexure. 
 
 Colonometer (kol-on-om' -e-ter) [colony; pkxpov, 
 a measure]. An apparatus for estimating 
 the number of colonies of bacteria on a 
 culture-plate. 
 
 Colonoscope (ko-lon'-o-skop) [colon; onoizelv, to 
 view]. An instrument for examining the colon. 
 
 Colony (kol'-o-ne) [colonia, colony]. A collec- 
 tion or assemblage, as of microorganisms in 
 a culture. 
 
 Colopexia, Colopexy (ko-lo-peks'-e-ah, ko'-lo- 
 pek-se) [colon; tz^cc, a fixing]. Suturing of 
 the sigmoid flexure to the abdominal wall. . 
 
 Colopexotomy (ko-lo-peks-ot'-o-me) [colon; 
 n^cc, a fixing; zipvsiv, to cut]. Incision 
 into and fixation of the colon. 
 
 Colophony (kol'-o-fo-ne) [KoXocpcbv, a city of 
 Ionia]. Rosin. The solid residue left on 
 distilling off the volatile oil from crude 
 turpentine. See Rosin. 
 
 Coloptosis (ko-lo-to'-sis) [colon; tztcoocc, a 
 falling]. Descent or displacement of the colon. 
 
 Color (kul' -or) [L.]. 1. A visual sensation 
 due to radiated or reflected light. 2. That 
 quality of an object perceptible to sight 
 alone. 3. A pigment. C. -analysis, Ehr- 
 lich's method of identifying the various 
 forms of leukocytes. It depends upon the 
 distinctive manner in which the protoplasmic 
 granules react toward the acid, basic, and 
 socalled neutral solutions of the anilin dyes. 
 Five varieties of granules are recognized 
 and designated by the Greek letters, a, ft, y, 
 d, e: (1) a-granules (eosinophil, oxyphil, or 
 coarse oxyphil granules); (2) ft-granules 
 (amphophil granules); (3) "{-granules (mast- 
 cell or coarse basophil granules); (4) d-gran- 
 ules (fine basophil granules); (5) s-granules 
 (neutrophil or fine oxyphil granules). C- 
 blindness. See Blindness, Color-. C. -gusta- 
 tion. See Pseudogeusesthesia. C. -hearing, 
 the excitation of the visual center for color 
 through the auditory nerve. C. -sensation, 
 the perception of color; it depends on the 
 number of vibrations of the ether. 
 
 Colorimeter (kol-or-im'-et-er) [color; pkxpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for determining 
 the quantity of coloring-matter in a mixture, 
 as in the blood. 
 
 Colorimetric (kol-or-im-et'-rik). Relating to 
 methods of color -measuring. 
 
 Colostomy (ko-los'-to-me) [colon; o-opa, a 
 mouth]. 1. The formation of an artificial 
 anus by an opening into the colon. 2. Any 
 surgical operation upon the colon that makes 
 a permanent opening into it, whether internal 
 or external. 
 
 Colostrum (kol-os'-trum) [L.]. The first 
 milk from the mother's breasts after the 
 birth of the child. It is laxative, and assists 
 in the expulsion of the meconium. C. Cor- 
 puscles, small microscopic bodies contained 
 in the colostrum. They are the epithelial 
 cells of the mammary glands, full of oil- 
 globules. After about the third day these 
 cells burst and set free the fat-globules be- 
 fore they leave the gland, and in this way 
 the true milk is formed. 
 
 Colotomy (ko-lot'-o-me) [colon; xkp.ve.tv, to cut]. 
 Incision of the colon, abdominal, lateral, lum- 
 bar, or iliac, according to the region of en- 
 trance. 
 
 Colotyphoid (ko-lo-ti'-foid). Typhoid accom- 
 panied with follicular ulceration of the colon 
 and lesions in the small intestine. 
 
 Colpeurynter (kol-pu-rin'-ter) [koX-oc, vagina; 
 eupuvscv, to widen]. An inflatable bag or sac 
 used for dilating the vagina and the cervix. 
 
 Colpeurysis (kol-pu' -ris-is) [see Colpeurynter]. 
 Dilation of the vagina, especially that effected 
 by means of the colpeurynter. 
 
 Colpitis (kol-pi' -tis) [koX-oc, vagina; iTt£ y 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the vagina. 
 
 Colpo- (kol-po-) [koIt.oc, vagina]. A prefix 
 denoting relation to the vagina. 
 
 Colpocele -(kol'-po-sel) [colpo-; ktjXtj, hernia]. 
 Hernia of the vagina. 
 
 Colpoceliotomy (kol-po-se-le-ot'-o-me) [colpo-; 
 celiotomy]. Vaginal celiotomy. C, Antero- 
 lateral, Diihrssen's name for a new vaginal 
 operative route into the abdomen. It con- 
 sists in a combination of vaginal celiotomy 
 with complete division of one broad ligament. 
 
 Colpocleisis (kol-po-kW -sis) [colpo-; nXelocc, a 
 closure]. The surgical closure of the vagina. 
 
 Colpo cystoplasty (kol-po-sisf -o-plas-te) [col- 
 po-; kugtcc, bladder; r.Xaooecv, to form]. 
 Plastic surgery of the vagina and bladder. 
 
 Colpocystoureterocystotomy (kol-po-sist-o-u- 
 re-ter-o-sist-ot' -o-me) [colpo-; koo-cc, bladder; 
 ureter; cystotomy]. Exposure of the orifices 
 of the ureter by incision of the walls of the 
 bladder and vagina. 
 
 Colpodesmorrhaphy (kol -po - des - mor' - af-e) 
 [colpo-; dcopoc, a fastening; pacfrrj, a seam]. 
 Suturing of the vaginal sphincter. 
 
 Colpohyperplasia (kol -po-hl- per - pla'-ze-ah) 
 [colpo-; hyperplasia]. Hyperplasia of the 
 vagina. C. cystica, a form of degen- 
 eration of the vaginal mucosa, occurring 
 during pregnancy, and characterized by the 
 formation of gas-cysts, due, according to Lin- 
 
COLPOHYSTERECTOMY 
 
 294 
 
 COMA 
 
 denthal, to an organism which he calls Bacillus 
 emphysematis vagina?. Syn., Colpitis vesicu- 
 losa emphysematosa ; Emphysema vagina. 
 
 Colpohysterectomy {kol-po-his-ter-ek' -to-me) 
 [colpo-; hysterectomy]. Removal of the uterus 
 through the vagina. 
 
 Colpohysteropexy (kol - po - his' - ter-o-pek- se) 
 [colpo-; hysteropexy]. Vaginal hysteropexy; 
 supravaginal amputation of the cervix and 
 anastomosis of the uterus and the vaginal 
 mucosa. Syn., Hysteropexy vaginalis. 
 
 Colpomyomectomy (kol-po-mi-o-mek' '-to-me) 
 [colpo-; myomectomy]. Myomectomy through 
 the vagina. 
 
 Colpomyotomy (kol-po-mi-of -o-me) . m See Col- 
 pomyomectomy. 
 
 Colpoperineorrhaphy {kol-po-per-in-e-or f -af-e) 
 [colpo-; perineorrhaphy]. Repair of a perineal 
 laceration by denuding and in part suturing 
 the posterior wall of the vagina. 
 
 Colpoptosis (kol-po-to' -sis) [colpo-; izxcoat^, a 
 falling]. Prolapse of the vaginal walls. 
 
 Colporrhaphy (kol-por' '-a-fe) [colpo-; pa<pf), 
 a seam]. Suture of the vagina. 
 
 Colpo spasmus (kol-po-spaz' -mus) [colpo-; onao- 
 fioc, spasm]. Spasm of the vagina. 
 
 Colpostenosis (kol - po - sten - o' - sis) [colpo-; 
 oxevcooic, a narrowing]. Constriction of the 
 vagina. 
 
 Colpostenotomy (kol-po-sten-oV -o-me) [colpo-; 
 ozevoc, narrow; to fir), a cutting]. Surgical 
 repair of colpostenosis. 
 
 Colposynizesis (kol-po-sin-iz-e' '-sis) [colpo-; 
 ouvc^occ, a falling in]. Narrowness of the 
 vagina. 
 
 Colpoureterotomy (kol-po-u-re-ter-of -o-me) . 
 Incision of the ureter through the vagina. 
 
 Coltsfoot (koltz 1 '-jut) . The leaves of Tussilago 
 farfara, a demulcent and tonic, sometimes 
 prescribed in chronic cough. Dose of a 
 decoction (i oz. to i pint) a teacupful; of 
 fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Columbin (kol-um'-bin). See Calumbin under 
 Calumba. 
 
 Columbo ikol-um' -bo) . See Calumba. 
 
 Columella (kol-u-meV -ah) [L., "a little col- 
 umn"]. The modiolus or central axis of the 
 cochlea of the human ear. See Cochlea and 
 Modiolus. 
 
 Column ikol'-uni) [columna]. A name given 
 to several parts of the body that furnish 
 support to surrounding parts, or that have 
 the shape of pillars. C., Anterior, the 
 layer of white matter in either half of 
 the spinal cord included between the an- 
 terior horn and nerve-root and the an- 
 terior median fissure. C, Anterolateral 
 Ascending. See C, Gowers'. C. of Bur- 
 dach. See C, Posteroexternal. C. of Clarke, 
 a column of gray substance occupying the 
 region to the outer and posterior side of the 
 central canal of the spinal cord, at the inner 
 part of the base of the posterior cornu. It 
 contains fusiform cells, and is the trophic 
 center for the direct cerebellar tract. C, 
 Commissural, one of nerve-substance ex- 
 tending along the bottom of the horizontal 
 
 fissure of the cerebellum and connecting the 
 anterior and posterior superior lobes. C, 
 Crossed Pyramidal, C, Crossed, of Tiirck, 
 C, Cuneiform. See C, Posteroexternal. 
 C, Direct Cerebellar, in the spinal cord, 
 is situated outside of the lateral pyramidal 
 tract. C, Direct Pyramidal, C, Direct, 
 of Tiirck. See C. of Tiirck. C. of the Ex- 
 ternal Ring, the free border of the aponeu- 
 rosis of the external oblique muscle, form- 
 ing the edges of the external abdominal 
 ring. C. of Go 11, the posteromedian column of 
 the spinal cord. C, Gowers', in the spinal 
 cord, a group of fibers lying in front of the 
 direct cerebellar tract and reaching around 
 upon the periphery of the anterior pyramidal 
 tract. C, Gray, Anterior, the ventral cornu 
 of the spinal cord. C, Gray, Posterior, the 
 dorsal cornu of the spinal cord. C. of the 
 Intermediolateral Tract, a column of motor 
 cells in the intermediolateral tract of the 
 spinal cord; it is best seen in the dorsal 
 region. C, Lateral, the layer of white 
 matter in either half of the spinal cord in- 
 cluded between the posterior horn and 
 nerve-roots and the anterior horn and nerve- 
 roots. C.s of Morgagni, vertical folds of 
 the rectal mucous membrane seen at the 
 point of union of the latter with the skin 
 of the anus. C, Posterior, a collection of 
 white matter situated in the spinal cord on 
 either side between the posterior horns and 
 posterior nerve-roots and the posterior med- 
 ian fissure. C, Posteroexternal, the outer 
 wider division of the posterior column of the 
 cord; the column of Burdach. C, Postero- 
 median, the median division of the posterior 
 column of the cord; the column of Goll. 
 C, Postero vesicular. See C. of Clarke. 
 C. of Spitzka-Lissauer, in the spinal cord, 
 a group of nerve-fibers lying just in front 
 of and just behind the posterior horns. C. 
 of Tiirck, the anterior or direct pyramidal 
 tract. 
 
 Columna (kol-um' -nah) [L.; pi., columns]. A 
 column or pillar. C. bertini, that part of the 
 cortical structure of the kidneys that separates 
 the sides of any two pyramids. Columnae 
 carneae, the muscular columns projecting 
 from the inner surface of the ventricles of the 
 heart. Columnae quintae, a bundle of nerve- 
 fibers apparently originating in the upper 
 nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve and de- 
 cussating along the sylvian aqueduct. Co- 
 lumnae recti. See Columns of Morgagni. 
 
 Columnella (kol-um-neV -ah) . See Columella. 
 
 Columning (koV -um-ing) [column]. The 
 placing of vaginal tampons to support a 
 prolapsed uterus. 
 
 Coma (ko'-mah) [najfia, a deep sleep]. Uncon- 
 sciousness from which the patient cannot be 
 aroused by external stimulus. C, Alcoholic, 
 that due to poisoning by alcohol. C, Apo- 
 plectic, that due to apoplexy. C, Uremic, 
 that due to uremia. C. Vigil, a comatose 
 condition in which the patient lies with open 
 eyes, but is unconscious and delirious. This 
 
COMATOSE 
 
 295 
 
 COMPENSATING 
 
 occurs occasionally in typhoid and typhus 
 fevers and in delirium tremens. 
 
 Comatose {ko' -mat-os) [coma]. In a condition 
 of coma. 
 
 Combiner {kom-bi' -ner) [combinare, to join]. 
 That which combines. C, Galvanofara- 
 dic, an instrument by means of which the 
 galvanic and faradic currents can be used 
 alternately or in combination in electrother- 
 apeutics. 
 
 Combustion (kom-bus'-chun) [comburere, to 
 burn up]. The process of oxidation, attended 
 with the liberation of heat and sometimes of 
 light. The term is loosely used as a synonym 
 of inflammation. 
 
 Comedo (kom'-e-do) [L., "a glutton"; pi., come- 
 dones]. A chronic disorder of the sebaceous 
 glands characterized by yellowish or whitish 
 elevations, the size of a pinpoint or of a pin- 
 head, containing in their center exposed 
 blackish points. They are found usually on 
 the face, back of the neck, chest, and back, 
 and are often associated with acne. They 
 occur, as a rule, in the young. Occasionally 
 a parasite, Demodex folliculorum, is found 
 in each comedo. Syn., Blackheads; Grubs; 
 Grub-worms. 
 
 Comes (ko'-mez) [L.; pi., comites]. A com- 
 panion, as a vein to an artery, or an artery 
 to a nerve. 
 
 Comestible (kom-cst* '-e-bl) [L., comestibilis]. 
 Edible. 
 
 Comma Bacillus {kom'-ah bas-il f -us). See 
 Spirillum cholera asiaticce under Bacteria. 
 
 Commensal (kom-cn' -sat) [com, together; mensa, 
 table]. In biology, the harmonious living 
 together of two animals or plants. One. of 
 two such organisms. 
 
 Commensalism {kom-en'-sal-izm). The in- 
 timate association of two different living 
 organisms dependent on each other. 
 
 Comminuted {kom f -in-u-ted) [comminuere, to 
 break into pieces]. Broken into a number 
 of pieces. 
 
 Commiphora ilzom-if-o-rah) [Koptfit, gum; <f>ip- 
 ecv, to bear]. A genus of shrubs and trees 
 of the order Burseracece, found in Africa 
 and the East Indies. C. africanum yields 
 African bdellium. C. agallocha yields In- 
 dian bdellium. C. myrrha yields myrrh. C. 
 opobalsamum yields balsam of Mecca or of 
 Gilead. 
 
 Commissura {kom-is-u'-rah). See Commis- 
 sure. C. magna, the corpus callosum. C. 
 magna cerebelli, the superior peduncles of 
 the cerebellum. C. maxima, C. maxima 
 cerebri, the corpus callosum. 
 
 Commissural {kom-is'-u-ral) [commissure]. 
 Having the properties of a commissure; 
 uniting symmetric parts, as commissural 
 fibers of the brain. 
 
 Commissure {kom r -is-ur) [com, together; mit- 
 tere, to send]. That which unites two parts. 
 C, Anterior (of third ventricle), a rounded 
 cord of white fibers placed in front of the 
 anterior crura of the fornix. C, Arcuate, 
 the posterior optic commissure. C, Gray (of 
 
 spinal cord), the transverse band of gray mat- 
 ter connecting the masses of gray matter of 
 the two halves of the spinal cord. C, Gray, 
 Anterior, nerve-fibers in the gray columns 
 of the cord, which, crossing to the opposite 
 side in front of the central canal, decussate 
 in two directions, part of the fibers entering 
 into the opposite cornu ventrale, part into 
 the cornu dorsale. C, Gray, Posterior, 
 that portion of the gray commissure of the 
 spinal cord lying dorsad to the central canal. 
 C, Gudden's Inferior, fibers of the optic 
 tract which come from the internal geniculate 
 body and cross in the posterior portion of the 
 chiasm to the opposite tract. C, Horseshoe. 
 See C, Wernekink's. C, Inferior. See C, 
 Gudden's Inferior. C, Meynert's, a tract 
 of nerve-fibers crossing from the tuber cin- 
 ereum dorsally to the mesial half of the 
 chiasm to the opposite side; it is probably 
 connected with Luys' body. C, Middle, 
 a band of soft gray matter connecting the 
 optic thalami. C., Optic, the union and 
 crossing of the two optic nerves in front 
 of the tuber cinereum. C, Posterior (of 
 third ventricle), a flattened white band con- 
 necting the optic thalami posteriorly. C, 
 Soft (of the brain). Same as C, Middle. 
 C, Wernekink's, the decussating fibers of 
 the middle cerebellar peduncle. Syn., Decus- 
 satio tegmenti caudicis cerebri; Horseshoe 
 commissure. C, White, Anterior (of spinal 
 cord), a layer of fibers separating the posterior 
 gray commissure from the bottom of the ante- 
 rior median fissure. C, White, Posterior 
 (of spinal cord), a band of fibers separating 
 the gray commissure from the bottom of 
 the posterior median fissure. 
 
 Commotio (kom-o'-she-o) [L.]. A commo- 
 tion or shock. C. cerebri, concussion of 
 the brain. C. retinae, concussion or paralysis 
 of the retina from a blow on or near the eye. 
 It is characterized by sudden blindness, but 
 there is little or no ophthalmoscopic evidence 
 of any lesion. The sight is usually regained, 
 and its loss is supposedly due to disturbance of 
 the retinal elements. C. spinalis, railway 
 spine. 
 
 Communicans (kom-u' '-nik-ans) [L.]. i. Com- 
 municating; 2. Alternating; connecting. C. 
 noni. See under Nerve. C. willisii. See 
 Artery, Communicating, Posterior. 
 
 Commutator {kom r -u-ta-tor) [commutare, to 
 exchange]. An instrument for automatically 
 interrupting or reversing the flow of an elec- 
 tric current. 
 
 Compact Tissue. The external, hard part 
 of bone. 
 
 Comparative Anatomy. See Anatomy, Com- 
 parative. 
 
 Compatibility (kom-pat-ib-iV '-it-e) [Fr., com- 
 patibilite]. Of medicines, the relation of 
 one substance to another, so that they may 
 be mixed without chemic change or loss of 
 therapeutic power. 
 
 Compensating {kom r -pen-sa-ting) [see Com- 
 pensation]. Making good a deficiency. C. 
 
COMPENSATION 
 
 296 
 
 CONCENTRIC 
 
 Ocular. See under Ocular. C. Operation, in 
 
 ophthalmology, tenotomy of the associated 
 antagonist in cases of diplopia from paresis 
 of one of the ocular muscles. 
 
 Compensation {kom-pen-sa' -shun) [compen- 
 sare, to equalize]. The act of making good 
 a deficiency; the state of counterbalancing 
 a functional or structural defect. 
 
 Compensatory (kom-pen' 'sa-to-re) [see Com- 
 pensation]. Making good a deficiency. 
 Restoring the balance, after failure of one 
 organ or part of an organ, by means of 
 some other organ or part of an organ. 
 
 Complaint {kom-pldnt') [complangere, to la- 
 ment]. A disease or ailment. C, Bowel-, 
 diarrhea. C, Summer-, summer diarrhea. 
 
 Complement (kom'-ple-ment) [complere, to 
 complete]. Ehrlich's term for one of the two 
 substances of a hemolytic serum. It resembles 
 in its constitution and action a toxin, and has 
 a haptophore group which unites with the 
 immune body and a zymotoxic complex which 
 acts on the red blood-cells saturated with 
 immune body in a manner partly toxic and 
 partly fermentative. It can act on the red 
 blood-corpuscles only in thte presence of the 
 immune or intermediary body. Syn., Addi- 
 ment; Alexin; Cytase. 
 
 Complemental, Complementary (kom-ple- 
 
 ' men'-tal, kom-ple-men' -ta-re) [complement]. 
 Supplying a deficiency. C. Air. See Air, 
 Complemental. C. Colors, a term applied 
 to any two colors which combined produce 
 white light, as, e. g., blue and yellow. 
 
 Complemented (kom-ple-ment r -oid). That 
 substance which results from the destruction 
 of a complement (q. v.); it can go to form an 
 anticomplement. 
 
 Complementophil (kom-ple-menf '-o-fil) . The 
 haptophore group of the intermediary body 
 by means of which it combines with the com- 
 plement. 
 
 Complementophilic (kom-ple-ment-o-fil'-ik). 
 Showing a special affinity for the complement. 
 
 Complexus (kom-pleks'-us) [L., "complex"]. 
 The totality of symptoms, phenomena, or 
 signs of a morbid condition. C. Muscle. 
 See under Muscle. ■* 
 
 Complication (kom-plik-a' '-shun) [complicare, 
 to fold together]. A disease occurring in 
 the course of some other disease and more or 
 less dependent upon it. 
 
 Compos mentis {Jkom'-pos men'-tis) [L.]. 
 Of sound mind. 
 
 Composite {kom-poz' -it) [compound]. Composed 
 of distinct portions. 
 
 Compound (kom' '-pound or kom-pound f ) [com, 
 together; ponere, to. put], i. To mix, as 
 drugs. 2. A mixture composed of several 
 parts. C, Addition, one formed from two 
 other substafices by direct union. C, Binary, 
 a substance composed of two elements or of 
 an element and a compound behaving as an 
 element. C. Cathartic Pills (pilulce cathar- 
 tics composites, U. S. P.), pills of colocynth, 
 mild mercurous chlorid, resin of jalap, gam- 
 boge, and diluted alcohol. Dose 2 pills. 
 
 C, Endothermic, one absorbing heat in 
 its formation. C, Exothermic, one in 
 
 which there is no elevation of temperature 
 attending its formation. C, Explosive, an 
 unstable organic product containing much 
 oxygen and readily decomposing. C. Frac- 
 ture. See Fracture, Compound. C, Quater- 
 nary, a substance composed of four elements. 
 C, Saturated, a chemic compound in which 
 the combining capacities of all the elements 
 are satisfied. C, Substitution, a compound 
 formed from another body by replacement of 
 one or more of its elements by another body 
 or bodies. C, Ternary, a compound com- 
 posed of three elements. 
 
 Compress (Jiom' -pres) [compressus, pressed 
 together]. A folded cloth, wet or dry, ap- 
 plied firmly to the part for relief of inflam- 
 mation or to prevent hemorrhage. C, 
 Electrothermic, an appliance consisting of 
 flexible pillows and of thin wires isolated 
 by asbestos and covered with canvas. This, 
 when connected with a strong electric current, 
 serves to supply a modified form of dry heat. 
 C, Fenestrated, a compress with a hole for 
 drainage. C, Graduated, a compress com- 
 posed of folds of a gradually increasing size. 
 
 Compression (kom-presh f -un) [compress]. The 
 state of being compressed. C. -atrophy, 
 atrophy of a part from constant compression. 
 C. -myelitis. See Myelitis, Compression-. 
 
 Compressor {kom-pres' -or) [compress]. 1. An 
 instrument for compressing an artery, 
 vein, etc. 2. A term applied to muscles 
 having a compressing function. C. sacculi 
 laryngis, the inferior arytenoepiglottideus 
 •muscle. See under Muscle. C. urethrae. 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Conalbumin {kon-aV -bu-min) . A proteid body 
 obtained by Osborne and Campbell from 
 white of egg, and so designated "on account 
 of its close relation in properties and com- 
 position to ovalbumen." 
 
 C H N S O 
 52.25$ 6.99$ 26.11$ 1.70$ 22.95$ 
 
 Cf. Ovalbumen; Ovomucin; Ovomucoid. 
 
 Conarium {ko-na'-re-um) [Kcovapcov; dim. 
 of Kcbvoc, a cone]. The pirleal gland. 
 
 Concato's Disease. Tuberculosis affecting suc- 
 cessively various serous membranes, termi- 
 nating usually in pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 Concave (kon-kdv') [com, together; cavus, hol- 
 low]. Hollow; incurved, as the inner sur- 
 face of a hollow sphere. 
 
 Concavoconvex {kon-ka-vo-kon-veks') . Having 
 one surface concave, the other convex, the 
 convexity exceeding the concavity. See 
 Lens, Concavoconvex. 
 
 Conceive (kon-sev') [concipere, to take in]. 
 To become pregnant. 
 
 Concentration (kon-sen-tra' '-shun) [com, to- 
 gether; centrum, the center]. 1. The act of 
 making denser, as of a mixture, by evapor- 
 ating a part of the liquid. 2. Afflux toward 
 a part. 
 
 Concentric {kon-sen'-trik). Arranged in an 
 equidistant manner about a center. C. Hy- 
 
CONCEPTION 
 
 297 
 
 CONDYLE 
 
 pertrophy of the Heart, increase in the 
 muscular texture of the heart, the capacity 
 of the cavities remaining unchanged. 
 
 Conception {kon-sep' -shun) [concipere, to con- 
 ceive], i. The fecundation of the ovum 
 by the spermatozoid. 2. The abstract men- 
 tal idea of anything; the power or act of 
 mentally conceiving. C, Imperative, a false 
 idea that a person dwells upon and cannot 
 expel from his mind, even when he knows it 
 to be absurd. It dominates his actions and 
 is a symptom of insanity. 
 
 Concha {kong'-kah) [Koyx^i a shell]. A shell. 
 Applied to organs having some resemblance 
 to a shell, as the naris, vulva, etc. C. 
 auris, the hollow part of the external ear. 
 C. inferior, the inferior turbinated bones. 
 C. media, the middle turbinated bone. C, 
 Morgagni's, the superior turbinated bone 
 of the ethmoid. C. superior, the superior 
 turbinated bone. Conchas turbinates, the 
 turbinated bones. 
 
 Conchinin {kon' -kin-in) . See Quinidin. 
 
 Conchoscope {kong f -ko-skop) [concha; oKonelv, 
 to inspect]. A speculum and mirror for 
 inspecting the nasal cavity. 
 
 Conchotome {kong'-ko-tdm) [concha; to/ij?, a 
 cutting]. An instrument for the surgical 
 removal of the middle turbinated bone. 
 
 Concomitant {kon-kom 1 '-it-ant) [concomitari, 
 to accompany]. Accompanying. C. Stra- 
 bismus. See under Strabismus. C. Symp- 
 toms, symptoms that are not in themselves 
 essential to the course of a disease, but that 
 may occur in association with the essential 
 symptoms. 
 
 Concrescence {kon-kres'-ens) [com, together; 
 crescere, to grow]. 1. See Concretion (3). 2. 
 Held's term for the plunging of the terminal 
 of one neuron deep into the cell-body of 
 another. C. of Teeth, a growing together 
 of the roots of two teeth after complete de- 
 velopment. 
 
 Concretion {kon-kre' -shun) [see Concrescence]. 
 1. The solidification or condensation of a 
 fluid substance. 2. A calculus. 3. A union 
 of parts normally separate, as the fmgers. 
 
 Concussion {kon-kush' -un) [concussio, a. 
 violent shock]. Shock; the state of being 
 shaken; a severe shaking or jarring of a 
 part; also, the morbid state resulting from 
 such a jarring. C. of Brain, a condition 
 produced by a fall or blow on the head, and 
 marked by unconsciousness, feeble pulse, 
 cold skin, pallor, at times the involuntary 
 discharge of feces and urine; this is followed 
 by partial stupor, vomiting, and headache, 
 and eventually recovery. In severe cases 
 inflammation of the brain or a condition of 
 feeble-mindedness may follow. C. of Spi- 
 nal Cord, a condition caused by severe 
 shock of the spinal column, with or without 
 appreciable lesion of the cord. It leads to 
 functional disturbances analogous to railway 
 spine. 
 
 Condensed {kon-densd') [condensare, to make 
 thick]. Made compact; reduced to a denser 
 
 form. C. Milk, milk that has had most of 
 its watery elements evaporated. Condensed 
 milk prepared with the addition of cane- 
 sugar is a white or yellowish-white product 
 of about the consistence of honey, and 
 ranging in specific gravity from 1.25 to 1.4 1. 
 It should be completely soluble in 4 or 5 
 times its bulk of water, without separation 
 of any flocculent residue, and then possess 
 the taste of fresh, sweetened milk. Con- 
 densed milk prepared without the addition 
 of cane-sugar is not boiled down to the same 
 degree, and therefore remains liquid. 
 
 Condenser {kon-den 1 '-ser) . A lens or combina- 
 tion of lenses used in microscopy for gathering 
 and concentrating rays of light. 
 
 Conductibility {kon-dukt-i-biV -e-te) [see Con- 
 ductor]. 1. Capacity for being conducted. 
 2. Conductivity; conducting power. C, 
 Centrifugal, the power of carrying cen- 
 trifugal impulses from the nervous centers 
 to the periphery. C, Centripetal, the power 
 of conducting centripetal impulses from the 
 periphery to the nervous centers. 
 
 Conduction {kon-d.uk' -shun) [see Conductor], 
 The passage or transfer of force or material 
 from one part to another. 
 
 Conductor {kon-duk 1 '-tor) [conducere, to draw 
 together]. 1. A body that transmits force- 
 vibrations, such as those of heat or electricity. 
 2. A term applied to the electrodes and cords 
 by which they are joined to the battery. 3. 
 An instrument serving as a guide for the sur- 
 geon's knife. 4. In physiology, any part of 
 the nervous system that transmits impulses. 
 C, Sonorous, a term applied to certain 
 nerve-fibers which interlace with the auditory 
 strias. 
 
 Condurangin {kon-du-ran' -gin) [condurango]. 
 A mixture of glucosids from condu- 
 rango bark, occurring as an amorphous 
 yellow powder of an aromatic bitter taste, 
 soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform. 
 It is used as a stomachic and astringent in 
 gastric cancer and chronic dyspepsia. Dose 
 tV~"4 g 1 "- (0-006-0.016 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 
 Condurango Bark {kon-du-ran' -go) [Peruvian]. 
 Bark of Gonolobus tetragonus or of Con- 
 globus condurango; a remedy much used in 
 South America as an alterative in syphilis. 
 It was introduced into the United States 
 as a remedy for carcinoma of the stomach, 
 but yielded uncertain results. It is a 
 stomachic tonic. Dose of the fluidextract 
 |-i dr. (2-4 Cc); of the tincture 1-2 dr. 
 (4-8 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Condy's Fluid. One part of sodium or po- 
 tassium permanganate dissolved in 500 parts 
 of water; it is a useful disinfectant. 
 
 Condylarthrosi^ {kon-dil-ar -thro' -sis) [condyle; 
 apdpov, a joint]. A form of diarthrosis 
 wherein a condyle is set in a shallow and 
 elliptic cavity and free and varied move- 
 ment of the joint is possible; condylar 
 articulation. 
 
 Condyle {kon'-dil) [novdoXoc, a knuckle]. 
 Any rounded eminence such as occurs in the 
 
CONDYLECTOMY 
 
 298 
 
 CONGO RED 
 
 joints of many of the bones, especially the 
 femur, humerus, and lower jaw. 
 
 Condylectomy {kon-dil-ek' -to-me) [condyle; 
 i/CTOfxr), excision]. Excision of a condyle. 
 
 Condylion {kon-diV '-e-on) [condyle]. In crani- 
 ometry, the point at the lateral tip of the 
 condyle of the jaw. 
 
 Condyloid {kon' -dil-oid) [condyle; ddoc, like- 
 ness]. Resembling or pertaining to a con- 
 dyle. 
 
 Condyloma {kon-dil-o' -mah) , [KovduAwna, a 
 swelling]. A wart-like growth or tumor 
 usually near the anus or pudendum. C. 
 acuminatum, the pointed condyloma or 
 wart of the genital organs, often of non- 
 syphilitic origin. Syn., Acrothymion; Acro- 
 thymiosis. C. endocysticum, C. endo- 
 folliculare, C. porcelaneum, C. subcu- 
 taneum. See Molluscum contagiosum. C. 
 latum, the flat, broad, moist syphilid or 
 mucous patch. Syn., Papida madidans. 
 Cf. C. acuminatum. C, Syphilitic, C. 
 syphiliticum. See C. latum. C., Thymic, 
 condyloma that assumes the form of a papil- 
 loma; so called from its resemblance to 
 thyme-blossoms. 
 
 Condylosis {kon-dil-o' -sis). The formation of 
 a condyloma. 
 
 Cone {kon, ko'-nus) [kcovoc, a cone]. i. A 
 solid body having a circle for its base, and 
 terminating in a point. 2. The mechanic 
 element of the tooth-crown. 3. See Conus. 
 C, Antipodal, in mitosis the cone of astral 
 rays opposite the spindle-fibers. C.-bipolars, 
 bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer of 
 the retina, connected with the cones of 
 the retina externally and ramifying inter- 
 nally in the middle of the molecular layer. 
 C. -element, a cell of the sensory or nerve 
 epithelium of the retina, consisting of a conic 
 tapering external part, the cone proper, pro- 
 longed into a nucleated enlargement from 
 the farther side of which the cone-fiber passes 
 inward to terminate by an expanded arboriza- 
 tion in the outer molecular layer. C. -fiber, 
 one of the fibers of the retinal cones. C- 
 foot, one of the bulbous processes of the 
 cone-granules of the retina. C. -gran- 
 ules, those of the outer nuclear layer of the 
 retina, connected with the cones of the 
 ninth layer externally, and internally by a 
 thick process which becomes bulbous (the 
 cone-foot); they terminate in fine fibers in 
 the outer molecular layer. Cf. Rod-granules. 
 C. of Light, the triangular reflection from 
 the normal tympanic membrane; also the 
 bundle of light-rays entering the pupil and 
 forming the retinal image. C., Retinal, one 
 of the rod-like bodies which, with the asso- 
 ciated rods, forms one of the outer layers of 
 the retina, the socalled rod-and-cone layer. 
 
 Confection {kon-fek' '-shun) [confectio, a prepa- 
 ration]. In pharmacy, a mass of sugar and 
 water, or of honey, used as an excipient with 
 a prescribed medicinal substance. 
 
 Confectioner's Disease. A disease of the 
 finger-nails occurring in confectioners. The 
 
 nail loses its polish and becomes black, and 
 the periungual portion becomes loosened and 
 raised. 
 
 Confertus {kon-fer' -tus) [conjercire, to press 
 close together]. Pressed together, dense, 
 crowded; applied to cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Confinement {kon-fin' -ment) [com, together; 
 finis, boundary; limit]. The condition of 
 women during childbirth. 
 
 Confluent (kon' -fiu-ent) [confiuere, to flow to- 
 gether]. Running together. ( The opposite 
 of discrete. In anatomy, coalesced or blended ; 
 applied to two or more bones originally 
 separate, but subsequently formed into one. 
 
 Confrontation (kon- fron-ta' -shun) [conjrontari, 
 to be contiguous to]. The examination of 
 a person by whom a diseased person may 
 have been infected as a means of diagnosing 
 the disease in the latter. 
 
 Confusion {kon-fu f -zhun) [com, together; 
 fundere, to pour]. Mixing; confounding. 
 C. Colors, a set of colors so chosen that 
 they cannot be distinguished by one who is 
 color-blind. C. Letters, test-type letters, 
 such as C, G, O, or F, P, T, liable to be 
 mistaken for one another. 
 
 Congelation {kon-jel-a' -shun) [congelatio, a 
 freezing]. 1. Freezing; frost-bite; intense 
 cold or its effect on the animal economy or 
 any organ or part. 2. The chilling or be- 
 numbing effect of any freezing-mixture or 
 application; mainly employed for its local 
 anesthetic effect. 3. Coagulation. 
 
 Congenerous {kon-jen'-er-us) [congener, of the 
 same race]. Of the same genus. C. Mus- 
 cles, muscles producing one action. 
 
 Congenital {kon-jen' -it-al) [com, together; 
 gigni, to be born]. Existing at birth. 
 
 Congestion {kon-jes'-chun) [congerere, to heap 
 up]. An abnormal collection of blood in a 
 part or organ. Congestion may be active 
 or passive, atonic or inflammatory, functional 
 or hypostatic. It is also named from the 
 parts affected; the most important varieties 
 of morbid congestion are the cerebral, spinal, 
 pulmonary, hepatic, and renal. C, Pleuro- 
 pulmonary, C, Pulmonary, Potain's 
 Type of, congestion of the lungs marked 
 by symptoms similar to those of pleurisy. 
 
 Congestive {kon-jes' -tiv) [congestion]. Marked 
 by, due to, or of the nature of congestion. 
 
 Congius (kon-je'-us) [L.]. A Roman measure; 
 a gallon. 
 
 Conglomerate (kon-glom'-er-at) [conglomerare, 
 to heap up]. 1. Massed together; aggregated. 
 2. A mass of units without order. C. Glands, 
 acinous glands. 
 
 Conglutin (kon-glu' -tin) [com, together; 
 gluten, glue]. One of the proteids found in 
 peas, beans, and other kinds of pulse. 
 
 Conglutination {kon-glu-tin-a r -shun) [conglu- 
 tinare, to glue together]. The abnormal 
 union of two contiguous surfaces or bodies, 
 as of two fingers, or of the opposed surfaces 
 of the pleural or pericardial sac. 
 
 Congo Red. A red coloring-matter which be- 
 comes blue in the presence of free HC1. 
 
CONI VASCULOSI 
 
 299 
 
 CONQUINAMIN 
 
 It is used in chemic investigation of the 
 gastric juice. C. Root, the root of Psoralea 
 melilotoides, a leguminous herb of the United 
 States. It is an aromatic bitter tonic, rec- 
 ommended in chronic diarrhea. 
 
 Coni vasculosi. A series of conic masses 
 of tubules that together form the globus 
 major of the epididymis. 
 
 Conic, Conical (kon'-ik, kon'-ik-al) [cone]. 
 Cone-shaped. C. Cornea. See Kerato globus. 
 
 Conicin (kon'-is-in). See Conin. 
 
 Coniin (ko-ni'-in). See Conin and Conium. 
 
 Coniism {ko-ni' -izm) [conium]. Poisoning by 
 conium. It begins with paralysis of the legs, 
 which extends to the arms and respiratory 
 muscles, leading to unconsciousness and 
 death. 
 
 Conin (ko'-nin) [conium], C S H 15 N. A liquid 
 alkaloid which is the active principle of 
 conium. Dose -^"tV gr. (0.001-0.006 Gm.). 
 Unof. C, Animal. See Cadaverin. C. 
 Hydrobromate, C 5 H 9 (C 3 H 7 ), recommended 
 in spasmodic affections. Dose yo— V gr. 
 (0.002-0.004 Gm.). All preparations are 
 of uncertain strength. C. Hydrochlorid, 
 C 8 H 17 NHC1, the principal salt of conin, is 
 used as is conin hydrobromate. 
 
 Conium {ko-ne f -um) [kwvswv, hemlock]. Hem- 
 lock. Both the leaves and the fruit are official 
 in the B. P. The conium of the U. S. P. is 
 the full-grown but unripe fruit of the spotted 
 hemlock, C. maculatum. It contains three 
 alkaloids and a volatile oil. Its properties are 
 mainly due to the alkaloids conin, C 8 H 15 N, 
 and methylconin, C 8 H 34 NCH 3 . It produces 
 motor paralysis, without loss of sensation or 
 of consciousness. Toxic doses cause death 
 by paralysis of the organs of respiration. It 
 is valuable in acute mania, delirium tremens, 
 tetanus, blepharospasm, asthma, and whoop- 
 ing-cough. Conii, Abstractum, made from 
 conium, 200; dilute hydrochloric acid, 6; 
 sugar of milk and alcohol, q. s. to make 
 too parts of abstract. Dose §-3 gr. (0.032- 
 0.2 Gm.). Conii, Cataplasma (B. P.), made 
 from the leaves; for external use. Conii, 
 Fluid extractum (U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 min. 
 (0.065-0.13 Cc). Conii, Pilula, Composita 
 (B. P.), contains extract of hemlock and ipecac. 
 Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). Conii, Suc- 
 cus (B. P.), made from the leaves. Dose 
 30 min.-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). Conii, Tinctura, 
 15 % strength. Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 
 Cc). Coniae, Vapor (B. P.), for inhala- 
 tions. 
 
 Conjugal (kon'-ju-gal) [com, together; jugare, 
 to yoke]. Pertaining to marriage; affecting 
 both husband and wife. C. Diabetes, dia- 
 betes affecting husband and wife together; 
 this is said to be not infrequently observed. 
 
 Conjugate (kon'-ju-gat) [see Conjugal]. 1. 
 Yoked or coupled. 2. The anteroposterior 
 diameter of the brim of the pelvis, the plane 
 of the brim being regarded as an ellipse. C, 
 Anatomic. See Conjugate (2). C. Devia- 
 tion. See Deviation, Conjugate. C. Diam- 
 eter (of the pelvis). See Diameter, Pelvic. 
 
 C, Obstetric, C, True, the minimum diam- 
 eter of the pelvic inlet. 
 
 Conjunctiva (kon-junk-ti'-vah) [conjunctivus, 
 connecting]. The mucous membrane cover- 
 ing the anterior portion of the globe of the 
 eye, reflected upon the lids and extending 
 to their free edges. Its parts are called 
 palpebral and bulbar or ocular. C, Bulbar, 
 C, Ocular, that covering the anterior third 
 of the eyeball, from the retrotarsal fold to 
 the margin of the cornea. C, Palpebral, 
 the conjunctiva of the eyelid. 
 
 Conjunctivitis {kon-junk-tiv-i' -tis) [conjunctiva; 
 exec, inflammation]. Inflammation of the con- 
 junctiva. Syn., Ophthalmia externa; Ophthal- 
 mia mucosa. C, Catarrhal, C, Catarrhal, 
 Acute, the most common form, usually mild, 
 resulting from cold or irritation. See Ophthal- 
 mia. C. catarrhalis aestiva. See Vernal 
 Conjunctivitis. C, Contagious, Acute, that 
 due to the presence of Bacterium cegypticum, 
 Chester. See Trachoma. C, Croupous, a 
 variety associated with the formation of a 
 whitish -gray membrane that is easily removed. 
 C, Diphtheric, a specific purulent inflamma- 
 tion of the conjunctiva due to the Klebs-Lofner 
 bacillus. C, Egyptian. See Trachoma. C, 
 Follicular, a form characterized by numer- 
 ous round, pinkish bodies found in the retrotar- 
 sal fold. C, Gonorrheal, a severe form of 
 purulent conjunctivitis caused by infec- 
 tion with gonococci. C. granulosa. See 
 Trachoma. C, Hemorrhagic. See Pink- 
 eye. C, Hypertrophic, C. hypertro- 
 phica, chronic catarrhal conjunctivitis at- 
 tended with enlargement of the conjunctival 
 papillas. C, Lacrimal, a form due to the 
 presence of irritating secretion from the 
 conducting part of the lacrimal apparatus. 
 C, Lithiasis, irritation of the conjunctiva 
 due to deposition of calcareous matter in 
 the tissue of the palpebral conjunctiva. C, 
 Parinaud's, a mucopurulent form marked 
 by the presence of large granules which are 
 sometimes pediculated. The condition is 
 accompanied by chills, fever, and swelling 
 of the preauricular, retromaxillary, and cer- 
 vical glands, which sometimes suppurate. C, 
 Phlyctenular, a form characterized by the 
 presence on the ocular conjunctiva of small 
 vesicles surrounded by a reddened zone. 
 C, Purulent, conjunctivitis characterized by 
 a thick, creamy discharge. C, Subacute, 
 redness and thickening of the conjunctiva, 
 largely confined to the conjunctiva of the lids 
 and fornices, a scanty secretion of mucus, with 
 some pus-corpuscles, due to the presence of 
 a bacillus. 
 
 Connective Tissue. See Tissue, Connective. 
 
 Conoid, Conoidal (ko'-noid, ko-noi'-dal) [kojvoc, 
 cone; eldoc, shape]. Of a conic shape. 
 C. Ligament, the lower and inner part of the 
 coracoclavicular ligament. C. Tubercle, the 
 eminence on the inferior surface of the clavicle 
 to which the conoid ligament is attached. 
 
 Conquinamin (hon-k-win'-a-min). An alkaloid 
 of cuprea-bark. 
 
CONRADI'S LINE 
 
 300 
 
 CONTRACTION 
 
 Conradi's Line. A line drawn from the base 
 of the xiphoid process to the point of the 
 apex-beat, marking, under normal conditions, 
 the upper limit of percussion-dulness of the 
 left .lobe of the liver. 
 
 Consanguinity ikon-san-gwin' -it-e) [com, to- 
 gether; sanguinis, of blood]. The relation- 
 ship arising from common parentage; blood- 
 relationship. 
 
 Consciousness ikon' - shus - nes) [conscius, 
 knowing]. The state of being aware of one's 
 own existence, of one's own mental states, 
 and of the impressions made upon one's 
 senses; ability to take cognizance of sensa- 
 tions. C, Double, that morbid condition in 
 which there are two separate and alternating 
 states of mental consciousness, in either one 
 of which the events that have occurred in 
 the other state are not remembered by the 
 patient. 
 
 Consensual ikon-sen' -su-al) [consensus, agree- 
 ment]. Excited reflexly by stimulation of 
 another part, usually a fellow organ, as the 
 consensual reaction of one pupil when the 
 iris of the other eye is stimulated. 
 
 Conservation (kon-ser-va' '-shun) [conservare, 
 to keep]. Preservation without loss. C. 
 of Energy. See under Energy. 
 
 Consolidation (kon-sol-id-a' '-shun) [consolidare, 
 to make firm]. The process of becoming 
 firm or solid, as a lung in pneumonia. 
 
 Consonant, Consonating ikon' '-so-nant, kon- 
 so-na' -ting) [com, together; sonar e, to sound]. 
 Applied to pulmonary sounds heard on 
 auscultation which sound in unison with 
 some other sound. 
 
 Constant (kon'-stant) [constans, steady]. 
 Fixed. C. Current, one that goes continu- 
 ously in one direction. 
 
 Constipation ikon-stip-a' -shun) [constipare, to 
 crush tightly together]. A condition in which 
 the bowels are evacuated at long intervals 
 or with difficulty. 
 
 Constitutio ikon-sti-tu'-she-o). See Constitution. 
 C. lymphatica, Paltauf's term for a patho- 
 logic condition marked by hyperplasia of the 
 entire lymphatic system, including the thymus 
 gland, and frequently by a hyperplasia of the 
 vascular system, and, in females, of the genital 
 organs. 
 
 Constitution {kon-stit-u' '-shun) [constituere, to 
 dispose]. In chemistry, the atomic or molec- 
 ular composition of a body. In pharmacy, 
 the composition of a substance. In physiol- 
 ogy, the general temperament and functional 
 condition of the body. 
 
 Constitutional {kon-stit-u' -shun-al) . Pertain- 
 ing to the state of the constitution. C. 
 Diseases, such diseases as are inherent, 
 owing to an abnormal structure of the body. 
 Also, a condition in which the disease per- 
 vades the whole system. General diseases, 
 in contradistinction to local. 
 
 Constrictor (kon-strik' '-tor) [constringere, to 
 bind together]. Any muscle that contracts or 
 tightens any part of the body. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Consumption ikon-sump' -shun) [consumere, 
 to consume or wear away]. A wasting away, 
 especially a wasting disease like tuberculosis, 
 particularly pulmonary tuberculosis or tuber- 
 culosis of the bowels. 
 
 Contact (kon'-takt) [contactus, a touching]. A 
 touching. C. -action, katalysis. C.-bed, 
 a large open basin containing a layer of 
 coke or cinders, for the purification of sewage 
 by bringing it into contact with bacteria 
 which set up rapid decomposition and des- 
 truction of the organic matter. Cf. Septic 
 Tank. C. -breaker, an instrument by means 
 of which a galvanic circuit is broken. C- 
 substance, a catalyst. 
 
 Contagion (kon-ta'-jun) [contingere, to touch], 
 i. The process by which a specific disease is 
 communicated from one person to another, 
 either by direct contact or by means of an 
 intermediate agent. 2. The specific germ or 
 virus from which a communicable disease 
 develops. 
 
 Contagious (kon-ta'-jus) [contagion]. Commun- 
 icable or transmissible by contagion or by 
 a specific contagium. 
 
 Contagium {kon-ta' -je-um) [L.]. Any virus 
 or morbific matter by means of which a com- 
 municable disease is transmitted from the 
 sick to the well. 
 
 Contiguity {kon-tig-u' -it-e) [contingere]. Prox- 
 imity. C, Amputation in the, one performed 
 at a joint, without section of a bone. 
 
 Continence ikon' -ti-nens) [continere, to hold 
 together]. Self-restraint, especially in regard 
 to the sexual passion. 
 
 Continued ikon-tin' -ud) [continuare, to make 
 continuous]. Persisted in. C. Fever, a fever 
 that is long continued, without intermissions. 
 
 Continuity {kon-tin-u' -it-e) [com, together; 
 tenere, to hold]. The state of being con- 
 tinuous or uninterrupted. C, Amputation 
 in the, amputation in which a bone is 
 divided. 
 
 Contraaperture {kon-trah-ap' -er-chur) . A coun- 
 teropening. 
 
 Contract (kon-trakf) [contrahere, to draw 
 together]. 1. To draw the parts together; 
 to shrink. 2. To acquire by contagion. 
 
 Contractility {kon-trak-tiV -it-e) [see Contract]. 
 That property of certain tissues, especially 
 muscle, of shortening upon the application of 
 a stimulus. C, Faradic. See Galvano fara- 
 dization. C, Galvanic. See Galvanocon- 
 tractility. C, Idiomuscular, that peculiar 
 to degenerated muscles. C, Neuromuscu- 
 lar, normal contractility as distinguished from 
 idiomuscular contractility. 
 
 Contraction {kon-trak' -shun) [see Contract]. 
 Approximation of the elements of a tissue 
 or organ, thus diminishing its volume or con- 
 tents. C, Anodal Closing, C, Anodal 
 Opening, the contraction taking place at 
 the anode on closing or opening the circuit. 
 C, Carpopedal, a variety of tetany oc- 
 curring in infants, generally associated with 
 dentition or seat-worms. There is a 
 flexing of the fingers, toes, elbows, and knees 
 
CONTRACTOR 
 
 301 
 
 CONVECTION 
 
 and a general tendency to convulsions. 
 C, Clonic, alternate muscular contraction 
 and relaxation. C, Closing, muscular con- 
 traction produced at the instant that the 
 electric current is closed. C, Dupuytren's, 
 a contraction of the palmar fascia causing 
 the fingers to fold into the palm. C, Dupuy- 
 tren's, False, contraction of the palm and 
 fingers due to injury of the palmar fascia. 
 C, Front-tap, a phenomenon often observed 
 in cases with exaggerated knee-jerk. When 
 the foot is placed at a right angle to the leg 
 and the muscles of the front of the leg are 
 tapped, the foot is extended. See under Re- 
 flex. C, Gowers'. See C, Front-tap. C, 
 Hour-glass, a contraction of an organ, as 
 the stomach or uterus, at the middle. >C, 
 Kathodal Duration, one occurring at the 
 kathode and continuing during the whole 
 time of closure of the circuit. Syn., Kathodal- 
 closure tetanus. C, Myoclonic, the con- 
 vulsive spasmodic contraction of a muscle. 
 C, Opening, the muscular contraction pro- 
 duced by opening or breaking the circuit. 
 C, Palmar, Dupuytren's contraction. C, 
 Paradoxic, a phenomenon that consists in 
 the contraction of a muscle, caused by the 
 passive approximation of its extremities. 
 C. -remainder, the stage of elastic after- 
 vibration or residual contraction persisting 
 in a muscle after withdrawal of the stimulus. 
 C.-ring, the boundary-line between the 
 upper and lower segments of the parturient 
 uterus. C, Tonic. See Tonic Spasm. C, 
 Vermicular, peristaltic contraction. 
 
 Contractor {kon-trakt'-or). A tensor muscle. 
 
 Contracture (kon - trak' - chur) [contraction]. 
 Contraction; permanent shortening, as of a 
 muscle; distortion or deformity due to the 
 shortening of a muscle or of various muscles. 
 C, Nurse's. See Nurse's Contracture. C, 
 Thomsenean, that occurring in Thomsen's 
 disease. 
 
 Contradolin (kon-trad'-ol-in). A compound 
 of acetamid, salicylic acid, and phenol; 
 analgesic. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.) 
 hourly. 
 
 Contraindication ikon-trah-in-dik-a' -shuii) 
 [contra, against; indicare, to point out]. 
 That modifying condition in which a remedy 
 or a method of treatment is forbidden. 
 
 Contralateral (kon-trah-laf '-er-al) [contra; 
 latus, side]. Opposite; applied to a muscle 
 acting in unison with another on the opposite 
 side of the body. 
 
 Contre-coup (kon-tr-koo) [Ft.]. Counter- 
 stroke. The transmission of a shock from 
 the point struck to a point on the opposite 
 side of the body or the part. 
 
 Control (kon-trdl') [contra; rotula, a roll]. A 
 standard by which to check observations 
 and insure the validity of their results. 
 Colloquially, the term is sometimes used 
 as a noun for control animal or control 
 experiment. C. Animal, one used in a con- 
 trol experiment. C. Experiment, an experi- 
 ment carried out under normal or common 
 
 circumstances or conditions, to serve as a 
 standard whereby to test the variation or 
 value of another experiment carried out 
 under peculiar or abnormal circumstances. 
 
 Controller {kon-trdl' -er). An apparatus for 
 regulating the electric current to the operation 
 of small lamps, faradic coils, small motors, 
 etc. 
 
 Contunding (kon-tund'-ing) [see Contusion]. 
 Producing a contusion; bruising. 
 
 Contusion (kon-lu 1 '-zhun) [contundere, to 
 bruise]. A bruise or injury inflicted without 
 the integument being broken. C. -pneumo- 
 nia, a form of pneumonia following trauma- 
 tism. 
 
 Conus (ko'-nus) [kcuvoc, sl cone]. 1. A cone. 
 2 . A crescentic patch of atrophic choroid tissue 
 near the optic papilla in myopia. C. arteri- 
 osus, the cone-shaped eminence of the right 
 ventricle of the heart, whence arises the pul- 
 monary artery. C. cochleae, the modiolus. 
 C. cordis, the ventricular part of the heart. 
 C. corporis striati, the ventral extremity of 
 the corpus striatum. Coni malpighii, C. 
 tubulosi, the malpighian pyramids. C. 
 medullaris, the cone-like termination of the 
 spinal cord, continuous as the filum terminale. 
 Coni retinas. See Cone, Retinal. C. termi- 
 nalis. See C. medullaris. Coni testiculi. 
 See Coni vasculosi. Coni vasculosi, a series 
 of conic masses that together form the globus 
 major of the epididymis. 
 
 Convalescence (kon-val-es'-ens) [convalescere, 
 to become well]. A term applied to the restor- 
 ation to health after disease. 
 
 Convallamaretin (kon-val-am-ar-e'-tin), C 2e - 
 H 36 8 . A crystalline substance obtained by 
 heating convallamarin with dilute sulfuric 
 acid. 
 
 Convallamarin (kon-val-am' -ar-in) [conval- 
 laria; amarus, bitter], C^H^O^. A glucosid 
 derived from Convallaria majalis. It is soluble 
 in water and is used as a cardiac stimulant. 
 Dose f gr. (0.05 Gm.). Syn., Convallama- 
 rinum. 
 
 Convallaretin (kon-val-ar-e'-lin), C 14 H 26 3 . A 
 substance obtained from convallarin by pro- 
 longed boiling in dilute acids. 
 
 Convallaria (kon - vol - a' - re - ah) [convallis, a 
 valley]. A genus of liliaceous plants. C. 
 majalis is the lily-of-the-valley. All parts of 
 the plant are used in medicine. Its properties 
 are due to convallarin, C 34 F± S2 O n , and con- 
 vallamarin, C23H440J2, glucosids. It is a 
 cathartic, diuretic, and cardiac stimulant. 
 C, Extract of. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 
 Gm.) C, Fluidextract of (fluidextractum 
 convallarice, U. S. P.). Dose 2-1 1 min. (0.13- 
 0.7 Cc). C, Infusion of, prepared with 
 three times its weight of water. Dose J-2 
 oz. (15-60 Cc). 
 
 Convallarin (kon-vaV -ar-in) [convallaria], 
 C^HggOn. A crystalline purgative glucosid 
 derived from Convallaria majalis. 
 
 Convection (kon-vek' -shun) [convehere, to carry 
 together]. A transmission or carrying, as of 
 heat or electricity. C. -current, a current 
 
CONVERGENCE 
 
 302 
 
 COPAIBA 
 
 of a liquid or gas heated to a temperature 
 above that of the surrounding medium; it 
 rises to the surface because of its lesser 
 density, and thus the entire fluid or gas 
 acquires the same temperature. 
 
 Convergence (kon-ver' -jens) [com, together; 
 vergere, to incline]. Inclination or direction 
 toward a common point, center, or focus, as 
 of the axes of vision upon the near-point. 
 C. -stimulus Adduction, the power of ad- 
 duction of the eyes, provoked by fixation of 
 the gaze upon an object placed at the near- 
 point. 
 
 Convergent (kon-ver' '-jent) [see Convergence}. 
 Tending to a common center. C. Strab- 
 ismus. Sec Strabismus, Convergent. 
 
 Converter (kon-vert'-er). See Alternator. 
 
 Convex (kon-veks') [convexus, vaulted]. Hav- 
 ing a surface approximating more or less a 
 part of the surface of a sphere. 
 
 Convexity (kon-veks' -it-e) [see Convex]. A 
 surface rounding outward; the quality of 
 being convex. 
 
 Convexoconcave (kon-veks-o-kon-kdv') . See 
 Concavoconvex. 
 
 Convexoconvex (kon-veks-o-kon-veks'). Hav- 
 ing two convex surfaces; biconvex. See 
 Lens, Biconvex. 
 
 Convolution (kon-vo-lu' -shun) [convolvere, to 
 roll together]. A fold, twist, or coil of any 
 organ, especially any one of the prominent 
 convex parts of the brain, separated from 
 each other by 1 depressions or sulci. C, An- 
 gular, the posterior part of a convolution 
 situated between the intraparietal fissure in 
 front and above, and the horizontal limb of 
 the sylvian fissure and the hinder part of the 
 first part of the first temporal fissure below. 
 The anterior part is called the supramarginal 
 convolution. C.s, Annectant, small con- 
 volutions which connect the occipital with 
 the temporosphenoid and parietal lobes. C, 
 Anterior Central, C, Ascending Frontal, 
 the convolution in front of the fissure of 
 Rolando. C, Ascending Parietal, the con- 
 volution just behind the fissure of Rolando. 
 C, Broca's, the inferior or third frontal 
 convolution. C, Fornicate, a long con- 
 volution on the mesial surface of the brain 
 above the corpus callosum. C.s, Frontal, 
 the convolutions of the frontal lobe. C, 
 Hippo campal, the part of the fornicate con- 
 volution that winds around the splenium of 
 the corpus callosum. C.s, Insular, the small 
 convolutions composing the island of Reil. 
 C, Marginal, the mesial surface of the first 
 frontal convolution. C.s, Occipital, the con- 
 volutions making up the occipital lobe. C, 
 Paracentral, a convolution on the mesial 
 surface of the brain, representing the junction 
 of the upper ends of the ascending frontal 
 and ascending parietal convolutions. C.s, 
 Parietal, the convolutions of the parietal 
 lobe. C, Posterior Central. See C, As- 
 cending Parietal. C, Supramarginal. See 
 C, Angular. C.s, Temporal, the convolu- 
 tions of the temporal lobe. C, Uncinate, 
 
 the hook -like termination of the fornicate 
 convolution. 
 
 Convolvulin (kon-vol' -vu-lin) [convolvere, to 
 roll together], CgjH^Ojg. A glucosid derived 
 from the roots of jalap (Convolvulus purga). 
 It is a gummy mass, with active purgative 
 properties. 
 
 Convulsant (kon-vuV '-sant) [see Convulsion]. 
 A medicine that causes convulsions. 
 
 Convulsion (kon-vuV '-shun) [convellere, to con- 
 vulse]. An involuntary general paroxysm 
 of muscular contraction. It is either tonic 
 (without relaxation) or clonic (having alter- 
 nate contractions of opposite groups of mus- 
 cles). C, Epileptiform, one characterized 
 by total loss of consciousness. C, Hysteric, 
 one due to hysteria; consciousness is only 
 apparently lost. C, Local, one affecting 
 one muscle, member, or part of a member. 
 C, Mimetic, C, Mimic, a facial convulsion. 
 C, Oscillating, C, Oscillatory, one in 
 which the separate fiber-bundles of a muscle 
 are affected successively and not simultane- 
 ously. C, Suffocative, laryngismus stridu- 
 lus. C, Tetanic, general tonic convulsions 
 without loss of consciousness. C, Toxic, 
 one due to the action of some toxic agent 
 upon the nervous system. C, Uremic, 
 one that occurs in kidney disease due to 
 retention in the blood of matters that should 
 be eliminated by the kidney. 
 
 Cooper's Disease. See Reclus' Disease. 
 C.'s Fascia, i. The fascia trans versalis. 
 2. The cellular layer beneath the dartos. 
 C.'s Hernia, encysted hernia of the tunica 
 vaginalis. C.'s Irritable Breast, masto- 
 dynia neuralgica; neuralgia of the breast. 
 C.'s Irritable Testicle, neuralgia of the 
 testis. C.'s Ligament, i. The lower, thick- 
 ened portion of the fascia transversalis, 
 which is attached to the spine of the pubis 
 and the iliopectineal eminence. 2. Arciform, 
 ligamentous fibers extending from the base 
 of the olecranon to the coronoid process on 
 the inner aspect of the elbow-joint. C.'s 
 Suspensory Ligaments, the fibrous processes 
 that connect the capsule of the convex surface 
 of the mammary gland with the overlying 
 skin. 
 
 Coordination (ko-or-din-a' '-shun) [com, to- 
 gether; or dinar e, to regulate]. The har- 
 monious activity and proper sequence of 
 operation of those parts that cooperate in 
 the performance of any function. 
 
 Coordinator (ko-or' -din-a-tor) [see Coordina- 
 tion]. The part of the nervous system 
 regulating coordination. C, Oculonuchal, 
 Spitzka's name for the part of the postero- 
 longitudinal fasciculus below the floor of 
 the fourth ventricle. 
 
 Copaiba (ko-pa' -e-bah) [Sp.]. Balsam of co- 
 paiba. The oleoresin of Copaifera offici- 
 nalis, C. coriacea, C. guianensis, C. multi- 
 juga, C. cordifolia, C. laxa, C. nitida, C. 
 oblongifolia, and C. langsdorffii, leguminous 
 trees, native to South America. It is a 
 stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, and an expec- 
 
COPIOPIA 
 
 303 
 
 COPULATION 
 
 torant, and is much used in gonorrhea. Syn., 
 Copaiva. C, Balsam of. See Copaiba. C, 
 East Indian. See Gurjun Balsam. C, Mass 
 of, copaiba, 94; magnesia, 6 parts. Dose 10 
 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). Unof. C, Mix- 
 ture of, Compound, Lafayette's mixture: co- 
 paiba, 7 dr.; oil of cubebs, 1 dr.; glycerite of 
 yolk of egg, 7 dr.; triturate and add syrup, 2\ 
 oz. ; then add, with constant stirring, solution of 
 potassium hydroxid, \ oz.; compound tincture 
 of cardamom, 2 dr.; sweet spirit of niter, \ 
 oz.; enough peppermint -water to make 8 oz. 
 Dose 1 dr.-ioz. (4-16 Cc). Unof. C, Oil of 
 {oleum copaiba, U. S. P.), a colorless substance 
 constituting about one-half of copaiba, and used 
 for the same purposes. Dose 10-15 mm - (°-°5- 
 1.0 Cc). C, Resin of, the residue after distil- 
 ling off the volatile oil of copaiba, mainly copa- 
 ibic acid. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.3 Gm.). Unof. 
 
 Copiopia (kop-i-o'-pe-ah). See Kopiopia. 
 
 Copper (kop'-er) [ME., coper]. Cuprum. 
 A reddish-brown metal existing in nature 
 chiefly in the form of copper pyrites, which 
 is a double salt of copper and iron sulfid. 
 Various salts are used in medicine. In 
 toxic doses they are gastrointestinal irri- 
 tants. In therapeutic doses they are used as 
 astringents in inflammation of mucous, mem- 
 branes. They are also employed as emetics, 
 and, externally, as caustics. See Elements, Table 
 of Chemic. C. Acetate, Cu(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 , verdi- 
 gris, used in pulmonary diseases and as a lotion 
 in skin diseases. Dose ^S~i S 1 "- (0.0065-0.016 
 Gm.). C. Acetoarsenite, paris-green, used 
 as a pigment and an insecticide. C. Aceto- 
 phosphate, employed in chlorosis and amenor- 
 rhea. C.-alum. See C, Aluminated. C, 
 Aluminated, a combination of sulfates of 
 copper and aluminium and potassium nitrate, 
 occurring as a green powder; a mild caustic 
 used in ophthalmia. Syn., Copper-alum; Lapis 
 divinus. C. Amalgam, a metallic filling- 
 material composed of copper and mercury. 
 C. Ammoniate, ammonium carbonate, 3; 
 copper sulfate, 4 parts; useful in chorea, 
 hysteria, etc. Dose \-i gr. (0.01-0.065 Gm.). 
 C. Ammoniosulfate, C. and Ammonium 
 Sulfate, obtained by dissolving copper sulfate 
 in ammonia-water and precipitating with alco- 
 hol. It is antispasmodic and astringent. 
 Dose §-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.) 3 or 4 times 
 daily with tincture of opium after meals; 
 maximum dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.) single; 10 gr. 
 (0.6 Gm.) a day. Application for gleet, 
 etc., 0.2 to 1 % solution or ointment. C. 
 Arsenate, a blue powder obtained from 
 ammonium arsenate with copper sulfate. 
 It is used as an alterative in syphilis. Dose 
 yr~§ g 1 "- (0.062-0.008 Gm.). C. Arsenite, 
 a salt valuable in intestinal diseases. Dose 
 Tiro- S r - (0.00065 Gm.). C. Carbonate, a 
 compound of copper and carbonic acid. 
 C. Nitrate Cu(N0 3 )3H 2 0, is used for the 
 same purposes as the sulfate. C.-nose. 
 Synonym of Acne rosacea. C. Nucleinate, 
 a compound of nucleol and copper oxid con- 
 taining 6% of copper; it occurs as a fine 
 
 powder and is used in chronic conjunctivitis. 
 Syn., Cuprol. C. Oleate, Cu(C 1? H330 2 ) 2 , a 
 mixture of 10% copper oxid dissolved in 
 oleic acid, forming a greenish-blue, granular 
 powder, soluble in ether. It is applied to 
 indolent ulcers; ointment, 10 to 20% in 
 lanolin. C. Oxid, a compound of copper and 
 oxygen. C. Oxid, Black, CuO, a brownish- 
 black, amorphous powder obtained from 
 copper nitrate or copper carbonate by igni- 
 tion. It is used as a teniafuge. Dose f-ij 
 gr. (0.05-0.1 1 Gm.) 3 or 4 times daily in 
 pills for two weeks, abstaining from acid food. 
 Externally it is used as an ointment with 
 lard in treatment of chronic glandular in- 
 duration. It is also employed in organic analy- 
 sis. Syn., Copper mo n oxid. C. Oxid, Red, 
 Cu 2 0, a dark-brown, crystalline powder. 
 Syn., Copper hemioxid; Copper suboxid. C. 
 Phosphate, CuHP0 4 , a bluish-green powder. 
 It is used in tuberculosis. Dose \— Jgr. (0.008— 
 0.032 Gm.) several times daily. C, Reaction 
 for. See Schoenbein. C. Sulfate (cupri sul- 
 phas, U. S. P.), CuS0 4 .- 5H 2 0, soluble in 
 water, valuable as an emetic, tonic, and as- 
 tringent. Dose, as an emetic, 2-5 gr. (0.13- 
 0.32 Gm.); as a tonic, |- h gr. (0.01-0.032 
 Gm.). C. Sulfocarbolate; CuC 6 H(S0 4 ) 2 + 
 6H 2 0, green crystals soluble in water and 
 alcohol. Syn., Cupriaseptol. 
 
 Copperas (kop'-er-as) [cupri rosa, rose of cop- 
 per ( ?)]. A common name for ferrous sulfate. 
 
 Copraol {kop'-ra-ol) [copra, the dried kernel 
 of the cocoanut]. A solid fat, derived from 
 the cocoanut, and used as a substitute for 
 cacao-butter in making suppositories. It 
 melts at 30.3 C. 
 
 Copremia (kop-re'-me-ah) [no-poc, dung; 
 alfia, blood]. A form of general blood-poi- 
 soning arising from chronic constipation. The 
 symptoms are anemia, sallow complexion, 
 anorexia, frontal headache, vertigo, nausea, 
 flatulence, thirst, fetid breath, lassitude, 
 hypochondriasis, and irritability of temper. 
 
 Copro- (kop-ro-)[K.oT:poc, dung]. A prefix mean- 
 ing relating to the feces or to dung. 
 
 Coprolalia (kop-ro-la'-le-ah) [copro-; XaXca, 
 speech]. The use of filthy and offensive lan- 
 guage when a manifestation of disease. 
 
 Coprolith (kop'-ro-lith) [copro-; X'cOoc, a stone]. 
 A hard mass of fecal matter in the bowels. 
 
 Coprophagy (kop-roj'-a-je) [copro-; (f>ayel\s, to 
 eat]. The eating of dung, a symptom seen in 
 insane and hysteric patients. 
 
 Coproplanesis (kop-ro-plan-e'-sis) [copro-; 
 TtXavyocc, wandering]. Escape of feces through 
 a fistula or other abnormal opening. 
 
 Coprostasis (kop-ros' '-fas-is) [copro-; a-aatc, 
 a standing]. The accumulation of fecal mat- 
 ter in the bowel. 
 
 Coptis {kop'-tis) [kot.-scv, to cut]. Goldthread. 
 The root of C. trifolia, a simple bitter tonic 
 resembling quassia. It contains coptin, an 
 alkaloid closely allied to berberin. Dose 
 10—30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 
 
 Copulation {kop-u-la'-shun) [copulare, to 
 couple]. The act of sexual intercourse. 
 
COR 
 
 304 
 
 CORIANDROL 
 
 Cor {kor) [L.; gen., cordis]. The heart. See 
 Heart. C. adiposum, a heart with a simple 
 excess of the normal subpericardial fat. C. 
 bovinum. See Bovine Heart. C. hirsutum, 
 C. hispidum, C. tomentosum. See C. 
 villosum. C. membranaceum, the auricular 
 part of the heart. C. mobile, a heart which 
 changes its position with the change of 
 posture of the individual. C. villosum, 
 hairy heart; the peculiar shaggy appearance 
 presented by the heart in acute plastic peri- 
 carditis, with the deposited fibrin existing in 
 long shreds. 
 
 Coraco- {kor-ak-o-) [n6pa£, a crow]. Pertain- 
 ing to the coracoid process. 
 
 Coracobrachialis {kor-ak-o-bra-ke-al'-is). See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Coracohyoid {kor-ak-o-hi'-oid). i. Relating to 
 the coracoid process and the hyoid bone. 2. 
 The omohyoid muscle. 
 
 Coracoid {kor f -ak-oid) [coraco-; eldoc, like- 
 ness]. 1. Having the shape of a crow's 
 beak. 2. The coracoid process. C. Liga- 
 ment, a triangular ligament joining the cora- 
 coid process to the acromion. C. Process, 
 a beak-shaped process of the scapula. 
 
 Coracoscapular {ko-rak-o-skap'-u-lar). Relat- 
 ing to the coracoid process of the scapula and 
 to some other portion of the scapula. 
 
 Cord [chorda, a string]. 1. A tendon; any 
 string-like body. 2. Used as a synonym for 
 the umbilical cord, the vascular, cord-like 
 structure connecting the placenta and fetus. 
 C, Axis-. See Primitive Streak. C, Bio- 
 plasson, a reticulum formed by branching 
 cells. C, Colic, Transverse, Glenard's 
 term for that portion of the transverse colon 
 which becomes hard and rigid as the result 
 of a stoppage of fecal matter by the kinking of 
 the colon near its attachment by the pyloroco- 
 lic ligament. C, Dorsal, the notochord. C, 
 False, C, Superior (vocal), a fold of mucous 
 membrane on either side of the middle line of 
 the larynx, inclosing the superior thyroaryte- 
 noid ligament. C, Genital, Thiersch's name 
 for an embryonic structure formed from the 
 two wolffian ducts and the mullerian ducts. 
 C. of Hippocrates, the achilles tendon. 
 C, Lumbosacral, a nerve-trunk formed 
 from the divisions of the fourth and fifth 
 lumbar nerves. C, Muscular, a cord-like 
 prominence of a muscle due to morbid ex- 
 citability of its fibers. C, Presentation of, 
 descent of the umbilical cord between the 
 presenting part and the membranes at the 
 beginning of labor. C, Prolapse of, descent 
 of the umbilical cord at the rupture of the bag 
 of waters: incomplete, if remaining in the 
 vagina, complete, if protruding therefrom. 
 C.s, Sonorous, the semicircular canals of the 
 internal ear. C., Spinal. See Spinal Cord. 
 C.,True Vocal, C, Vocal, the vocal band. 
 See under Larynx. 
 
 Cordate {kor'-dat) [cor]. Heart-shaped. 
 
 Cordein {kor' -de-in) . A white, crystalline sub- 
 stance used as an analgesic and antiseptic. 
 Syn., Methyltribromsalol, 
 
 Cordia {kor' -de-ah) [E. and V. Cordus, German 
 physicians (1486-1535 and 1515-1544)]. A 
 genus of shrubs and trees of the order Bora- 
 ginacea. C. aubletti is indigenous to Guiana; 
 the leaves are used as an application to 
 tumors and skin diseases. C. myxa is indigen- 
 ous to the East Indies, but cultivated in Arabia 
 and Egypt. The fruit is used in coughs, the 
 powdered bark in ringworm, the root as a 
 purgative. 
 
 Cordial {kord'-yal) [cor]. 1. Pertaining to the 
 heart; exhilarant; stimulant. 2. An aro- 
 matic, spirituous stimulant. 
 
 Cordiform {kor' -de -form) [cor; forma, form]. 
 Cordate; shaped like a heart. 
 
 Cordite {kor'-dit). A smokeless gun-powder 
 consisting of gun-cotton dissolved in acetone 
 and nitroglycerin. 
 
 Cordol {kor'-dol). See Salol Tribromid. 
 
 Cordyl {kor'-dil). See Acetyl Tribromsalol. 
 
 Core {kor) [cor]. The central slough of a 
 boil or carbuncle. 2. [/copy, the pupil.] The 
 pupil of the eye. 
 
 Coreclisis (kor-ek-li'-sis). See Coroclisis. 
 
 Corectasis {kor-ek'-ta-sis) [i<6prj, the pupil; 
 BKxaocc, a stretching out]. Dilation of the pupil. 
 
 Corectome {kor-ek'-tom) [core; kH.xkp.vEcv, to cut 
 out]. An instrument used in iridectomy. 
 
 Corectopia {kor-ek-to' -pe-ah) [core; eKX07toc, 
 misplaced]. An anomalous position of the 
 pupil; displacement of the pupil. 
 
 Coredialysis {ko-re-di-aV -is-is) [core; dcaXuocc, 
 dialysis]. The production of an artificial 
 pupil at the ciliary border of the iris. 
 
 Corelysis {kor -eV -is-is) [core; Xuocc, a loosening]. 
 The detachment of iritic adhesions to the lens 
 or to the cornea. 
 
 Coremorphosis {kor-e-mor-fo'-sis) [core; pbp- 
 (fxoocg, formation]. The operation for estab- 
 lishing an artificial pupil. 
 
 Coreometer {kor-e-om'-et-er) [core; pkxpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 pupil of the eye. 
 
 Coreometry {kor-e-om 1 '-et-re) [see Coreom- 
 eter]. The measurement of the pupil of the 
 eye. 
 
 Coreplasty {kor' -e-plas-te) [core; nXapoetv, to 
 form]. Any operation for forming an artificial 
 pupil. 
 
 Coriamyrtin {ko-re-am-er' -tin) [Coriaria myrti- 
 folia, myrtle], C^H^O^. An exceedingly 
 poisonous principle, a glucosid, obtained from 
 the fruit of Coriaria myrti folia. A cardiac 
 stimulant. Maximum dose ■£% gr. (0.001 Gm.). 
 
 Coriander, Coriandrum {ko-re-an'-der, ko- 
 re-an' -drum) [nopiavvov, coriander]. , Corian- 
 der-seed. The coriandrum of the U. S. P. is 
 the dried ripe fruit of Coriandrum sativum, an 
 aromatic, carminative, and stimulant, used 
 mainly to give flavor to other remedies and 
 as a corrective to griping purgatives. Dose 
 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). C, Oil of {oleum 
 coriandri, U. S. P.), the volatile oil.. Dose 
 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Co). 
 
 Coriandrol {kor-e-an'-drol), C 10 H 18 O. The chief 
 constituent of oil of coriander; a liquid iso- 
 merid of borneol. 
 
CORIDIN 
 
 305 
 
 CORONALE 
 
 Coridin ikor'-id-in), C 10 H 15 N. A liquid base 
 obtained from the distillation of bones. 
 
 Corium {ko'-re-um) [L., "a hide; leather"]. 
 The deep layer of the skin. See Skin. 
 
 Corm (korm) [nop fide, the trunk of a tree]. 
 The bulbous underground part of certain 
 plants, as the crocus. 
 
 Corn (korn) [cornu, horn]. A local induration 
 and thickening of the skin from friction or 
 pressure. See Clavus. C.-silk. See Zea mays. 
 C.-smut. See Ustilago. C. -starch, the com- 
 mercial name of a starch derived from maize, 
 and extensively used as an article of food, 
 especially for invalids; 
 
 Cornaro's Diet. A diet for indigestion and the 
 results of riotous living, devised by Luigi 
 Cornaro, a Venetian gentleman of the seven- 
 teenth century. It consisted of a daily al- 
 lowance of bread, meat, and yolk of egg, 
 amounting to 12 ounces in all. With this he 
 took 14 ounces of a light Italian wine each 
 day. 
 
 Cornea (kor'-ne-ah) [corneus, horny]. The 
 transparent anterior portion of the eyeball, 
 its area occupying about one-sixth the cir- 
 cumference of the globe. It is continuous 
 with the sclerotic, and is nourished by lymph 
 from the looped blood-vessels at its peripheral 
 border. C, Conic. See Kerato globus. C, 
 Transplantation of, the operation of en- 
 grafting a section of transparent cornea from 
 some animal into the space of an excised 
 portion of human cornea. 
 
 Corneal ikor'-ne-aV) [cornea]. Relating to the 
 cornea. 
 
 Corneitis (kor-ne-i'-tis). See Keratitis. 
 
 Corneoblepharon {kor-ne-o-blej'-ar-on) [cor- 
 nea; blepharon]. Adhesion of the surface of 
 the eyelid to the cornea. 
 
 Corneoiritis {kor-ne-o-ir-i'-tis). See Keratoiri- 
 tis. 
 
 Corneosclera (kor-ne-o-skle'-rah) [cornea; 
 sclera]. The cornea and sclera taken together. 
 
 Corneous {kor' -ne-us) [corneus, horny]. Horny 
 or horn-like. C. Tissue, the substance of 
 the nails. 
 
 Cornet {kor -net') [cornu]. 1. A small ear- 
 trumpet worn within the ear and sometimes 
 concealed by the hair of the wearer. 2. A 
 bony layer. C, Bertin's, C, Sphenoid, 
 the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid 
 bone. 
 
 Corniculate {kor-nik' '-u-lat) [cornu]. Furnished 
 with horns or horn-shaped appendages. 
 
 Corniculum {kor-nik' -u-lum) [cornicula, a little 
 horn]. A small cornu or horn-like process. 
 
 Cornification {kor-nif-ik-a' -shun) [cornu; facere, 
 to make]. The process of hardening or making 
 horny. 
 
 Cornstalk Disease of Cattle and Horses. 
 A disease caused by feeding on dry stalks 
 left standing in the field after the corn has 
 been gathered in the fall. It has been at- 
 tributed — (1) to corn -smut; (2) to scarcity 
 of salt and water; (3) to "dry murrain," a 
 hard and dry condition of the third stomach, 
 supposed to be morbid, though really nor- 
 
 mal; (4) to the presence of potassium ni- 
 trate in the fodder; (5) to the presence of a 
 bacterium. Syn., Bronchopneumonia bovis. 
 
 Cornu {kor'-nu) [L.; pi., cornua]. A horn. A 
 name applied to any excrescence resembling a 
 horn. C. ammonis, the hippocampus major 
 of the brain. C. cervi, hartshorn or ammo- 
 nium hydroxid. C. Cutaneum, a horn-like 
 excrescence arising from the skin. Syn., Cor- 
 nu humanum. C., Dental, a horn of the den- 
 tal pulp. These extensions form the body of 
 the dental pulp, which corresponds with the 
 positions of the cusps of the teeth. C. de- 
 scendens, C. inferius, C. laterale, C. 
 magnum, C. medium, C. sphenoidale, the 
 medicornu, that prolongation of the lateral 
 ventricle which, curving outward around the 
 back of the thalamus, descends beneath it, 
 and, extending forward and inward, ends in 
 the anterior extremity of the hippocampal 
 gyrus. C. dorsale, the dorsal projection of 
 the mass of cinerea seen upon each half of 
 the spinal cord in transverse section. Syn., 
 Crus posticum; Posterior cornu. C. hu- 
 manum. See C. cutaneum. C. occipitale, 
 C, Posterior (of the lateral ventricle), 
 the postcornu, a conic prolongation of the 
 lateral ventricle, curving outward, backward, 
 and inward into the occipital lobe. Syn., 
 Cavitas digitata; Cornu ancyroide. Cornua 
 of the Uterus. 1. The lateral fundibuliform 
 prolongations of the uterine cavity into which 
 the fallopian tubes open. 2. The oviducts. 
 C. ventrale, the ventral projection of the 
 mass of cinerea seen upon each half of the 
 spinal cord in transverse section. Syn., Crus 
 anterius. 
 
 Cornual {kor'-nu-al) [cornu]. Relating to a 
 cornu. C. Myelitis, myelitis affecting the 
 anterior cornua of the spinal cord. 
 
 Cornus {kor'-nus) [L.]. Dogwood. The bark 
 of the root of C. florida, the properties of 
 which are due to a crystalline principle, 
 cornin. It is a simple stomachic bitter and 
 slightly antiperiodic. Dose of the fluidex- 
 tract 10 min.— 1 dr. (0.65—4.0 Cc). 
 
 Cornutin {kor -nu' -tin). An alkaloid, the active 
 principle of ergot. Dose ^2 g r - (°- 00 5 Gm.). 
 C. Citrate. Dose aVrV g 1 "- (0.003-0.006 
 Gm.) in spermatorrhea. 
 
 Coroclisis, Corocleisis {ko-ro-kW -sis) [nbpy, 
 the pupil; nh'tocc, a closure]. Pathologic 
 closure or obliteration of the pupil. 
 
 Corona {ko-ro'-nah) [L., a "crown" ]. 1. A 
 crown. 2. The corona radiata. C. dentis, 
 the crown of a tooth. C. glandis, the ridge" 
 of the glans penis. C. radiata, a radiating 
 mass of white nerve-fibers ascending from 
 the internal capsule to the cortex cerebri. 
 Coronae tubulorum. See Crypts of Lieber- 
 kuhn. C. veneris, a circle of syphilitic 
 blotches occurring on the forehead. 
 
 Coronal {kor-o'-naV) [corona]. Encircling like 
 a crown; pertaining to the crown of the 
 head. C. Suture, the suture joining the 
 frontal with the two parietal bones. 
 
 Coronale {kor-o-naV -e) [L.]. The frontal bone. 
 
CORONARY 
 
 306 
 
 CORPUSCLE 
 
 Coronary {kor' -o-na-re) [corona]. A term ap- 
 plied to vessels, nerves, or attachments that 
 encircle a part or an organ. 
 
 Coroner {kor'-o-ner) [corona]. An officer who 
 inquires by authority of the law into the causes 
 of sudden or violent deaths. C.'s Inquest, 
 the legal inquiry before a jury into the cause 
 of a sudden or violent death. 
 
 Coronilla {kor-o-nil'-ah) [dim. of corona]. A ge- 
 nus of leguminous herbs. . C. scorpioides, an 
 annual of southern France, furnishes coronillin 
 {q. v.). C. varia is diuretic, purgative, and 
 poisonous. It is used as a succedaneum for 
 digitalis in cardiac disease. An aqueous ex- 
 tract and a powder of the fresh plant are given 
 in doses of i| gr. (0.098 Gm.). 
 
 Coronillin {kor-o-niV -in) [see Coronilla]. An 
 alkaloid, C 7 H 12 3 , from Coronilla scorpioides; 
 it is a cardiac tonic and diuretic. Dose 
 1-2 gr. (0.06-0.13 Gm.). 
 
 Coronoid {kor'-o-noid) [corona; etdoc, likeness]. 
 Crown-shaped, as the coronoid process of 
 the ulna or of the jaw. 
 
 Coroparelcysis {kor-o-par-eV -si-sis) [nop-q, the 
 pupil; izapklnuotc, a drawing aside]. Opera- 
 tive displacement of the pupil to remedy 
 partial opacity of the cornea by bringing it 
 opposite a transparent part. 
 
 Coroscopy {kor-os'-ko-pe). See Retinoscopy. 
 
 Corpora {kor'-por-ah) [pi. of corpus, a body]. 
 A general term applied to certain parts of 
 the body having a rounded or ovoid shape. 
 C. albicantia, two white masses in the in- 
 terpeduncular space at the base of the brain, 
 the projections of the anterior pillars of the 
 fornix. C. aranacea, a granular substance 
 occurring at times in the masses of papillomas. 
 Syn., Sand-bodies. C. arantii, the fibrous 
 tubercles in the center of each segment of 
 the semilunar valves. C. cavernosa, the 
 cylindric bodies of erectile tissue forming 
 the chief part of the penis. Also, the two 
 masses of erectile tissue composing the 
 clitoris. C. geniculata. See Geniculate Bodies. 
 C. quadrigemina, the optic lobes of the 
 brain, the four rounded eminences situated 
 under the corpus callosum. The anterior 
 pair are called the nates, and the posterior, 
 the testes. C. sesamoidea. See C. arantii. 
 
 Corpulence, Corpulency {kor'-pu-lens, -se) 
 [corpulentus, corpulent]. Obesity; fatness of 
 the body. 
 
 Corpulin (kor'-pu-lin). A remedy for obesity 
 said to consist of bladderwrack {Fucus 
 vesiculosis), tamarinds, and cascara sagrada. 
 
 Corpus {kor' -pus) [L., "a body"; pi., cor- 
 pora {q. v.)]. A body; the human body. 
 C. callosum, the broad band of white 
 matter uniting the hemispheres of the cere- 
 brum. C. caudatum, a ganglion or free 
 ring of gray matter circling around the len- 
 ticula of the brain. It is massive in the 
 frontal portion, but becomes attenuated 
 caudad; the anterior portion is called the 
 head; the posterior, the tail. C. caverno- 
 sum vaginae, the spongy tissue of the vagina. 
 C. dentatum. 1. See Olivary Body. 2. The 
 
 central folded gray nucleus of the cerebellum. 
 C. fibrosum, a tough, semiopaque body oc- 
 curring in the ovary, due to some fibrous 
 change in the corpus luteum. C. fimbriatum, 
 the lateral thin edge of the taenia hippocampi. 
 C. highmorianum. See Highmore, Body of. 
 C. luteum, the yellow body formed in the 
 ovary in the site of a graafian vesicle after the 
 escape of the ovum. C. luteum, False, that 
 resulting when pregnancy does not occur. 
 Syn., Corpus luteum of menstruation. C. 
 luteum, True, that resulting when preg- 
 nancy takes place. Syn., Corpus luteum of 
 pregnancy. C. spongiosum, the spongy part 
 of the penis encircling the urethra. C. stri- 
 atum, a mass of gray matter extending into 
 the lateral ventricles of the brain and com- 
 posed of the caudate and lenticular nuclei. 
 Corpuscle {kor'-pus-l) [dim. of corpus]. 1. A 
 small body or particle. 2. A cell. C, Axile, 
 C, Axis-, the central portion of a tactile 
 corpuscle. Syn., Axile body. C.s, Babes- 
 Ernst's. See Babes-Ernst's Bodies. C.s, 
 Bennett's, large epithelial cells, filled with 
 fatty detritus, found in the contents of some 
 ovarian cysts. C.s, Bizzozero's. See 
 Bizzozero's Blood-platelets. C.s, Blood-, 
 Red, biconcave, nonnucleated discs, circular 
 in outline, and containing red coloring-matter, 
 termed hemoglobin, to which the color of the 
 blood is due. Red corpuscles have been 
 divided, according to their size, into normo- 
 cytes (normal in size), megalocytes (of exces- 
 sive size), microcytes (abnormally small), and 
 poikilocytes (of irregular shape and size). 
 The red corpuscles in the blood of man are 
 about 3-^77 inch in diameter and T2TOT5" mcn 
 thick, and their number is about 5,000,000 
 to each cubic millimeter of blood. They con- 
 sist of a colorless stroma infiltrated with the 
 coloring-matter (hemoglobin). C.S, Blood-, 
 White (or colorless), flattened cells, about 
 YsVo- mcn m diameter, existing in the ratio 
 of 1 : 500 compared with red corpuscles. 
 Their protoplasm is granular; they have one 
 or more nuclei and no cell- wall. They pos- 
 sess contractile power and alter their shape 
 readily. The colorless corpuscles are vari- 
 ously designated as ^eosinophil, basophil, 
 neutrophil, mononuclear, polynuclear, lym- 
 phocytes, transitional, large, small, etc. C, 
 JBone-, an osteoblast. C.s, Burckhardt's, 
 peculiar angular or roundish bodies of a 
 yellowish color found in the secretion of 
 trachoma. C.s, Cancroid, the pearly bodies 
 of squamous epithelioma. C.s, Chorea. 
 See under Chorea. C.s, Chromophil. See 
 Nissl's Bodies. C.S, Chyle, lymph-corpus- 
 cles. C.s, Colostrum. See Colostrum 
 Corpuscles. C.s, Concentric. See HassalVs 
 Bodies. C.s, Corneal, connective-tissue cor- 
 puscles containing an oval nucleus and fur- 
 nished with numerous branching processes 
 occurring within the fibrous groundwork of 
 ' the cornea. Syn., Toynbee's corpuscles; Vir- 
 chow's corpuscles. C, Cytoid, a leukocyte. 
 C, Davaine's. See Bacillus anthracis under 
 
CORPUSCLE 
 
 307 
 
 CORROSION 
 
 Bacteria. C.s of Donne. See Colostrum 
 Corpuscles. C.s, Drysdale's Ovarian, gran- 
 ular cells, nonnucleated and of varying sizes, 
 which were regarded by Drysdale as peculiar 
 to ovarian fluid. C.s, Genital, special nerve- 
 endings in the external genitalia. C.s, 
 Ghost-, phantom-corpuscles. C.s, Gierke's, 
 roundish, colloid bodies, of a significance 
 not yet determined, sometimes found in the 
 central nervous system; they appear to be 
 identical with HassalPs corpuscles. C.s, 
 Golgi's, tendon-spindles; small fusiform 
 bodies resembling the pacinian corpuscles, ex- 
 isting in tendons at the junction of the tendin- 
 ous fibers with the muscular fibers. They have 
 not been found in the ocular muscles. C, 
 Golgi-Mazzoni's. See C, Mazzoni's. C.s, 
 Grandry's, minute ovoid or spheric taste- 
 corpuscles found in the papillas of the beak 
 and tongue of birds. C.s, Hassall's. See 
 H assail' s Bodies. C, Hayem's. See 
 Achromacyte. C.S, Herbst's, small bodies 
 resembling pacinian corpuscles, found in the 
 mucosa of the tongue of some animals and 
 birds. C.s, Jaworski's, spiral bodies of 
 mucus found in the gastric secretion in cases 
 of pronounced hyperchlorhydria. C.s, Key 
 and Retzius', encapsulated corpuscles found 
 in the bill of some aquatic birds and repre- 
 senting transition forms between Herbst's 
 and Pacini's corpuscles. C.s, Krause's. 
 See Krause's Corpuscles. C.s, Langerhans' 
 Stellate, terminations of nerve-fibers which 
 have been observed in the rete mucosum of 
 the epidermis. C.s, Leber's. See C.s, 
 Gierke's. C.s, Lostorfer's, granular masses 
 alleged by Lostorfer to have been found in 
 the blood of syphilitic patients. C.s, Lymph-, 
 nucleated ameboid cells found in lymph and 
 chyle. Upon entering the blood with the 
 lymph they are called white blood-corpuscles. 
 The smaller ones have little if any ameboid 
 movement, and are sometimes spoken of as 
 free nuclei on account of their small cell- 
 body; some of these corpuscles are coarsely 
 granular and are therefore called granular 
 cells. C, Malpighian (of the Kidney), the 
 tuft of blood-vessels surrounded by the ex- 
 panded portion of the uriniferous tubule, the 
 capsule of Bowman. C.s, Malpighian (of 
 the Spleen). See Malpighian Corpuscles. 
 C, Mazzoni's, a peripheral ending of a 
 sensory nerve closely resembling Krause's end- 
 bulb. C.s, Meissner's. See C.s, Tactile- 
 (i). C.s, Merkel's. See C.s, Grandry's. 
 C.s, Miescher's. See Miescher's Tubes. 
 C.s, Milk-, of v. Kolliker, cells containing 
 fat -globules observed in the acini of the mam- 
 mary gland and breaking up into milk-glob- 
 ules on reaching the lactiferous ducts. C.s, 
 Montgomery's. See Glands, Montgomery's. 
 C, Morgagni's. See Morgagni's Globules. 
 C.s, Norris' Invisible, colorless, transparent, 
 biconcave discs of the same size as the red 
 corpuscles, invisible in the serum because 
 their color and refractive index are the same 
 as those of the liquor sanguinis. C.s, Nunn's. 
 
 See C.s, Bennett's. C.s, Pacinian, certain 
 small corpuscles occurring in the subcutaneous 
 cellular tissue of the fingers and toes. They 
 consist of concentric lamellas of connective 
 tissue surrounding the termination of a sensory 
 nerve. C.s, Patterson's, the molluscum 
 bodies: oval, shiny bodies found in the 
 contents of the tubercles of molluscum con- 
 tagiosum. C, Pavement-. See Cells, 
 Endothelial. C.s, Phantom-. See Blood- 
 platelets. C, Polar-, the centrosome. C.s, 
 Reissner's, the epithelial cells covering 
 Reissner's membrane. C, Rollett's Nerve-. 
 See C, Mazzoni's. C.s, Shadow-. See 
 Achromacyte. C.s, Spleen-, C.s, Splenic. 
 See Malpighian Corpuscles. C.s, Tactile-, 
 i. (0/ Wagner.) The small, oval bodies found 
 in the papillas of the skin and enveloped by 
 nerve-fibers. 2. See C.s, Grandry's. C, 
 Taste-. See Taste -bud. C.s, Terminal. See 
 C.s, Krause's. C.s, Touch-. See C.s, Tactile-. 
 C.s, Toynbee's, the corneal corpuscles. C.s, 
 Transparent, of Norris. See C.s, Norris' 
 Invisible. C.s, Traube's. See Achromacyte. 
 C.s, Typhic, the epithelial cells of Peyer's 
 patches which in typhoid- fever have be- 
 come granulated through degeneration. C.s, 
 Vater's, C.s, Vater-Pacini's. See C.s, 
 Pacinian. C.s, Virchow's. See C.s, Corneal. 
 C, Zimmermann's, an achromacyte. 
 
 Corpuscular {hor-pus'-ku-lar) [corpuscle]. Re- 
 lating to or of the nature of a corpuscle. 
 
 Corradiation (kor-ra-de-a'-shun). The act of 
 radiating together, as focused rays. 
 
 Correctant, Corrective (kor-ek'-tant, kor-ek'- 
 tiv) [corrigere, to correct]. 1. Modifying 
 favorably. 2. A substance used to modify 
 or make more pleasant the action of a purga- 
 tive or other remedy. 
 
 Corrigan's Disease. 1. Aortic insufficiency. 
 2. Cirrhosis of the lung. C.'s Line, the 
 purple or brownish-red line on the margin of 
 the gums in chronic copper -poisoning. C.'s 
 Pulse, "water-hammer pulse"; the abrupt, 
 jerking pulse of aortic insufficiency. C.'s 
 Respiration, "nervous or cerebral respira- 
 tion." Frequent shallow and blowing breath- 
 ing in low fevers — e. g., in typhus. C.'s 
 Sign, an expansive pulsation felt in cases of 
 
 . aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. 
 
 Corrigent {kor'-ij-ent). See Correctant. 
 
 Corroborant {kor-ob'-o-ranf) [corrobarans, 
 strengthening]. A tonic invigorating remedy. 
 
 Corrosion [kor-o'-zhun) [com, together; rodere, 
 to gnaw]. The process of corroding or the 
 state of being corroded. C. -anatomy, that 
 branch of anatomy which demonstrates an 
 anatomic specimen by means of a corrosive 
 process that eats away those parts which it 
 is not desired to preserve. In some cases a 
 resisting-substance is injected, so as to pre- 
 serve the vessels and ducts from corrosion. 
 C. -preparation, one in which the vessels, 
 ducts, or cavities of organs are filled by a 
 fluid that will harden and preserve the shape 
 of the vessel or cavity after the organ itself is 
 corroded, digested, or otherwise destroyed. 
 
CORROSIVE 
 
 308 
 
 COSTOABDOMINAL 
 
 Corrosive {kor-o'-siv) [see Corrosion], i. Eat- 
 ing away. 2. A substance that destroys or- 
 ganic tissue either by direct chemic means 
 or by causing inflammation and suppuration. 
 C. Chlorid, C. Sublimate. See Mercury 
 Bichlorid. 
 
 Corrugator (kor f -u-ga-tor) [corrugere, to 
 wrinkle]. That which wrinkles. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Corsican Moss. A mixture of fragments of 
 various seaweeds brought from Corsica. It 
 is said to be alterative, febrifuge, anthelmin- 
 tic, and nutritious. Unof. Syn., Helmintho- 
 chorton. 
 
 Cortex (kor'-teks) [L., "bark"]. 1. The bark 
 of an exogenous plant. 2. The surface-layer 
 of an organ. 3. The external gray layer of 
 the brain, the substantia corticalis, or cortical 
 substance. 4. The peripheral portion of an 
 organ, situated just beneath the capsule. C. 
 aurantii, orange-peel. C. cerebri. See 
 Cortex (3). C. corticis, the outer sheath 
 of the kidney. C. Degeneration. Synonym 
 of General paralysis of the insane. See 
 under Paralysis. C. renalis, the cortical 
 substance of the kidney. 
 
 Corti's Arch. The arch formed in the organ 
 of Corti by the two files of rods. C.'s Canal. 
 See Canal of Corti. C.'s Cells, the outer 
 hair-cells of Corti's organ. C.'s Fibers. See 
 C.'s Rods. C.'s Ganglion, the ganglion 
 spirale, an aggregation of ganglion-cells in the 
 spiral canals of the cochlea. C.'s Membrane, 
 the membrana tectoria of the cochlea. C.'s 
 Organ, a complicated organ, the product of 
 differentiation of the epithelial lining of the 
 cochlear canal, resting on the basilar mem- 
 brane of the cochlea and containing the end- 
 organs of the cochlear nerves. C.'s Rods, 
 the pillars of the arch of the organ of Corti. 
 C.'s Teeth, the auditory teeth; the tooth- 
 like projections on the edge of the limbus 
 laminae spiralis of the ear. C.'s Tunnel. 
 Same as C.'s Canal. 
 
 Cortical (kor'-tik-al) [cortex]. Pertaining to 
 the cortex or bark or to the cortex of 
 the brain or of the kidney. C. Epilepsy, 
 C. Paralysis K such as is due to a lesion of 
 the cortical substance of the brain. 
 
 Corticate {kor' -te-kat) . Furnished with a bark 
 or cortex. 
 
 Corticifugal (kor-te-sif -u-gal) [cortex; fugere, 
 to flee]. Conducting away from the cortex. 
 
 Corticipetal {kor-te-sip' -et-al) [cortex; petere, 
 to seek]. Conducting toward the cortex. 
 
 Corticoafferent (kor-te-ko-af f -er-ent). See Cor- 
 ticipetal. 
 
 Corticoefferent (kor-te-ko-ef'-er-ent). See Cor- 
 ticifugal. 
 
 Corticospinal {kor-tik-o-spi'-nal). Pertaining 
 to the cortex of the brain and the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Corundum (ko-run'-dum) [Hind., kurand]. A 
 native crystalline aluminium oxid, A1 2 3 . 
 Mixed with melted shellac, it is formed into 
 wheels for use in the dental laboratory and 
 for grinding in general. 
 
 Coruscation (kor-us-ka 1 '-shun) [coruscare, to 
 glitter]. A glittering or flashing of light, 
 also the subjective sensation of light-flashes. 
 
 Corvisart's Disease. Idiopathic cardiac hy- 
 pertrophy. C.'s Facies, the fades of Beau's 
 disease. 
 
 Corydalin {kor-id'-al-in) [corydalis]. 1. An ex- 
 tract from the root of Corydalis formosa 
 (Dicentra canadensis); it is used in syphilis 
 and scrofula. 2. An alkaloid, C 22 H 27 N0 4 
 (Freund) from Corydalis tuberosa; it is 
 used as % a heart -tonic. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065- 
 0.032 Gm.). 
 
 Corydalis {kor-id'-al-is) [nopudaXX'cg, the crested 
 lark]. 1. Turkey-corn. The tuber of C. 
 formosa (Dicentra canadensis), a tonic, diu- 
 retic, and alterative. Dose of fluidextract 
 10-40 min. (0.6-2.5 Cc). 2. A genus of 
 plants of the order Papaveracece. C. tuberosa, 
 holewort, hollowwort, is an herb indigenous 
 to Europe; the rhizome is anthelmintic 
 and emmenagog. It contains corydalin and 
 corydin. 
 
 Corydin {kor' '-id-in) . An amorphous alkaloid 
 from Corydalis tuberosa. 
 
 Coryl {kor' -it). The name given to an anes- 
 thetic composed of ethyl chlorid and methyl 
 chlorid in such proportions that the boiling- 
 point of the mixture should be about 32 F. 
 
 Coryleur {kor-il-ur'). An apparatus for spray- 
 ing with coryl. 
 
 Coryza {kor-i'-zah) [nopu^a, a catarrh]. Ca- 
 tarrh of the mucous membrane of the nasal 
 passages and adjacent sinuses, popularly 
 called "cold in the head." See Rhinitis. 
 
 Cosaprin {kos-ap'-rin), C 6 H ' NI |— €0— CH 
 A sulfoderivative of acetanilid; it is a whitish- 
 gray powder with a slightly saline taste, freely 
 soluble in water. It is used as an antipyretic 
 instead of acetanilid. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3- 
 0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 
 Cosmetic {kos-mef -ik) [koojisIv, to adorn]. 
 1. Beautifying. 2. A remedy designed to 
 hide defects of the skin or other external 
 parts. C. Operation, a surgical operation to 
 give a natural appearance to a defective or 
 unsightly part. 
 
 Cosmic {kos'-mik) [koojioc, the universe]. 
 Worldwide; of wide distribution, as a cosmic 
 disease. 
 
 Cosmolin (koz r -mo-lin). See Petrolatum. 
 
 Costa {kos'-tah) [L.]. A rib. 
 
 Costal (kos'-tal) [costa]. Pertaining to the ribs. 
 C. Arch, the arch of the ribs. C. Cartilages, 
 the twelve cartilaginous extensions of the ribs. 
 
 Costate (kos'-tat). Ribbed; furnished with 
 ribs or connecting structures. 
 
 Costiform {kos'-te-form). Rib-shaped. 
 
 Costive (kos'-tiv) [constipare, to be bound]. 
 Constipated. 
 
 Costiveness (kos' -tiv-nes) [constipare]. Con- 
 stipation. 
 
 Costo- (kos-to-) [costa]. A prefix denoting 
 connection with the ribs. 
 
 Costoabdominal {kos-to-ab-dom'-in-al). Re- 
 lating to the ribs and the abdomen. 
 
COSTOCHONDRAL 
 
 309 
 
 COULOMB 
 
 Costochondral (kos-lo-kon'-dral). Pertaining 
 to the ribs and their cartilages. 
 
 Costoclavicular (kos-to-klav-ik'-u-lar). Per- 
 taining to the ribs and the clavicle. 
 
 Costocolic (kos-to-ko'-lik). Relating to the 
 ribs and the colon. 
 
 Costoinferior (kos-to-in-fe'-re-or). Relating 
 to the lower ribs; applied to a form of respira- 
 tion in which the lower ribs move more 
 than the upper. 
 
 Costoscapular (kos-to-skap'-u-lar). i. Re- 
 lating to the ribs and the scapula. 2. The 
 serratus magnus muscle. 
 
 Costosuperior (kos-to-su-pe'-re-or). Relating 
 to the upper ribs. 
 
 Costotome (kos' '-to-torn) [costo-; ripjetv, to 
 cut]. A strong knife or heavy shears with 
 the under blade in the shape of a hook, for 
 cutting the costal cartilages in dissection, etc. 
 
 Costotrachelian (kos-to-tra-ke'-le-an). Relat- 
 ing to the ribs and to the transverse processes 
 of the cervical vertebras. 
 
 Costotransverse (kos-to-tranz'-vers). 1. Per- 
 taining to the ribs and transverse vertebral 
 processes. 2. The scalenus lateralis. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Costotransversectomy (kos-lo-lranz-vers-ek f - 
 to-me) [costotransverse; iKzop.Tj, a cutting out]. 
 Excision of part of a rib and a transverse 
 vertebral process. 
 
 Costoxiphoid (kos-to-zi'-Joid). Relating to the 
 ribs and to the ensiform cartilage. 
 
 Cot (kot) [AS., cote]. 1. A small bed. 2. The 
 finger of a glove. See Finger -cot. C, 
 Fever-, C.,Kibbee's, a bed devised especially 
 for applying cold-water treatment to fever 
 patients. 
 
 Cotard's Syndrome. A form of paranoia 
 characterized by delusions of negation, with 
 sensory disturbances and a tendency to 
 suicide. Syn., Delire chronique des negations. 
 
 Cotarnin (ko-tar f -nin) [an anagram of narcotin], 
 C 12 H 15 N0 4 . An oxidation-product of nar- 
 cotin. C. Hydrochlorate, C 12 H 15 N0 4 . HC1 . - 
 
 • H 2 0, small yellow crystals, soluble in water 
 and alcohol. It is an internal hemostatic. 
 Dose \-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.). Syn., Stypticin. 
 
 Coto {ko'-to) [Sp. "a cubit"]. Cotobark. The 
 bark of a tree native to Bolivia. It contains 
 a bitter principle, cotoin, C 22 H 18 O c , irritant 
 to the skin and mucous membranes. It is 
 recommended for diarrhea and zymotic fevers, 
 and for the night-sweats of pulmonary tuber- 
 culosis. Dose of the powder 1-15 gr. (0.065- 
 1.0 Gm.); of the fluidextract 5-15 min. (0.32- 
 1.0 Cc); of the tincture (1 : 10) 10-30 min. 
 (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Cotoin (ko'-to-in) [coto], C 22 H 18 6 . An astrin- 
 gent alkaloid from coto (q. v.). It is employed 
 in dysentery and cholera. Dose §-5 gr. (0.03- 
 0.3 Gm.). Paracotoin is one-half as strong as 
 cotoin. 
 
 Cotton (kot'-n) [Ar., qutun, cotton]. Gos- 
 sypium, a white, fibrous seed-hair that en- 
 velops the seeds of the cotton-plant. -C., 
 Absorbent, cotton so prepared that it readily 
 absorbs water. See also Gossypium. C, 
 
 Gun-. See Pyroxylin. C.-oil. See C.-seed 
 Oil. C.-root, C.-root Bark. See under 
 Gossypium. C.-seed Oil, an oil obtained by 
 pressure from the hulled seeds of several 
 species of Gossypium (q. v.). 
 
 Cotugno's Canal. The aquaeductus vestibuli. 
 Syn., Canalis cotunnii. C.'s Disease, sciatica. 
 Syn., Malum cotunnii. C.'s Liquor, the 
 perilymph of the osseous labyrinth of the ear. 
 Syn., Liquor cotunnii. C.'s Nerve, the naso- 
 palatine nerve. C.'s Space. See Boettcher- 
 Cotugno's Space. 
 
 Cotyledon (kot-il-e' '-don) [kotuXtjocLv, a socket]. 
 1. Any one of the enlarged, vascular villi of 
 the chorion which project into depressions of 
 the decidua vera. 2. Any one of the numer- 
 ous rounded portions into which the uterine 
 surface of the placenta is divided. 3. A 
 genus of plants of the order Crassulacece. C. 
 umbilicus, navelwort of Europe, has been 
 highly recommended in epilepsy, but its 
 medicinal properties are feeble. 
 
 Cotyloid (kot' -il-oid) [koxuXtj, a cup; eldoc, 
 form]. Cup-shaped. C. Cavity, C. Fossa, 
 the acetabulum. C. Ligament, a ligament 
 surrounding the acetabulum. C. Notch, a 
 notch in the anterior and lower border of the 
 acetabulum. 
 
 Cotylopubic {kot-il-o-pu' -bik) . Relating to 
 the acetabulum and the os pubis. 
 
 Cotyltfsacral (kot-il-o-sa' '-kral) . Relating to 
 the acetabulum and the sacrum. 
 
 Couch-grass (kowlch' '-gras) . See Triticum. 
 
 Couching (kowtch' -ing) [Fr., coucher, to de- 
 press]. The operation, now fallen into dis- 
 use, of depressing a cataractous lens into the 
 vitreous chamber, where it was left to be 
 absorbed. 
 
 Cough (kawf) [ME.]. A sudden, violent 
 expulsion of air after deep inspiration and 
 closure of the glottis. C, Dry, that unat- 
 tended by expectoration. C, Ear-, cough 
 excited reflexly from some morbid condition 
 of the ear. C, Moist, cough with free 
 expectoration. C., Morton's, cough fol- 
 lowed by the vomiting of food, occurring 
 frequently in pulmonary tuberculosis. C, 
 Pleuritic, the dry, short, frequent cough of 
 pleurisy, pneumonia, and phthisis, which 
 accompanies the pain and friction-sounds of 
 pleurisy and disappears with effusion or when 
 bronchitis supervenes. C, Reflex, cough 
 produced by irritation of a remote organ. See 
 C., Ear-, and C., Stomach-. C, Stomach-. 
 See C, Reflex. C, Sydenham's, spasm of 
 the respiratory muscles in hysteria. C, 
 Uterine, a reflex cough occurring in sufferers 
 from genital disease due to irritation of the 
 uterovaginal fibers of the hypogastric plexus 
 supplying the fornix vaginae and cervix uteri 
 and the nerves and ganglions supplying the 
 fundus uteri and ovaries. C, Winter-, a 
 -short troublesome cough of old people due to 
 chronic bronchitis, and recurring every winter. 
 
 Coulomb (koo-lom') [after de Coulomb, a French 
 physicist]. The unit of measurement of 
 electric quantity; the quantity of electricity 
 
COUMARIN 
 
 310 
 
 CRADLE 
 
 that passes during one second through a 
 conductor having a resistance of one ohm, with 
 one volt of electromotive force. The micro- 
 coulomb is the millionth part of this amount. 
 
 Coumarin {koo'-mar-in), C 9 H 6 2 . A vege- 
 table proximate principle that occurs in 
 Dipteryx odorata, Tonka bean, and in Meli- 
 lotus officinalis. It conceals the odor of 
 iodoform. 
 
 Counteraction {kown-ter-ak'-shun). The ac- 
 tion of a drug or agent opposed to that of 
 some other drug or agent. 
 
 Counterextension {kown-ter-eks -ten' -shun) . 
 See under Extension. 
 
 Counterindication ( kown - ter - in-dik-a' -shun) . 
 See Contraindication. 
 
 Counterirritation {kown-ter-ir-it-a' -shun) 
 
 [contra, against; irritare, to irritate]. Su- 
 perficial inflammation produced artificially, 
 in order to exercise a good effect upon some 
 adjacent or deep-seated morbid process. 
 
 Counteropening {kown' -ter -o -pen-in g) [contra; 
 opening]. An incision made in an abscess or 
 cavity, opposite to another, generally for pur- 
 poses of drainage. 
 
 Counterpoison {kown' -ter -poi-zn) [contra; 
 potio, a drink]. A poison given as an anti- 
 dote to another poison. 
 
 Counterpressure {kown'.-ter-presh-ur). Pres- 
 sure opposed to pressure from a contrary di- 
 rection. * 
 
 Counterpuncture {kown' -ter -punk-chur). See 
 Counteropening. 
 
 Counterstroke {kown' -ter -str ok). See Contre- 
 coup. 
 
 Coup de soleil [Fr.]. Sunstroke. 
 
 Coupler {kup'-ler) [copulare, to bind], i. An 
 arrangement for fastening wire to a tooth 
 in correcting irregularities in dentition. 2. 
 A device for connecting different parts of an 
 electric apparatus. 
 
 Courbometer {koor-bom' -et-er) [Fr., courbe, a 
 curve; ixtcpov, a measure]. A device of 
 Chatelain to show the curve of the alternat- 
 ing current. 
 
 Court-plaster {kort'-plas-ter). See under 
 Plaster. 
 
 Courvoisier's Law. Tumors of the head of 
 the pancreas almost invariably cause dila- 
 tion of the gall-bladder. See Gall-stone, Cour- 
 voisier's Law Concerning. 
 
 Coutoubea {koo-toc' -be-ah) [South American 
 name]. A genus of plants of the order Gen- 
 tianece. C spicata, of Brazil, is emmenagog 
 and anthelmintic. 
 
 Cover {kuv'-er) [com, together; operire, to 
 shut]. C. -glass, in microscopy, the thin 
 slip of glass covering the object mounted 
 on the slide. 
 
 Cowage, Cowhage, Cowitch {kow'-aj, -itch) 
 [Hind., kawanch, cowage]. The external 
 hairs of the pod of Mucuna pruriens, formerly 
 used in medicine as a mechanic vermifuge. 
 See also Mucuna. 
 
 Cowper's Glands. The bulbourethral glands; 
 two compound tubular glands situated be- 
 tween the two layers of the triangular liga- 
 
 ment, anteriorly to the prostate gland; they 
 correspond to Bartholin's glands in the 
 female. C.'s Ligament, the portion of the 
 fascia lata that is attached to the crest of the 
 pubis. 
 
 Cowperian Cyst. A retention cyst formed 
 in Cowper's gland. 
 
 Cowperitis {kow-per-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
 the glands of Cowper, usually gonorrheal in 
 origin. 
 
 Cowpox, Cowpock {kow'-poks). A contagious 
 eruptive fever occurring in the cow, and 
 thought to correspond with smallpox in man. 
 
 Coxa {koks'-ah) [L., "the hip"]. The hip- 
 joint or the hip. C. valga, a condition, the 
 reverse of coxa vara, in which the angle 
 between the neck and the shaft of the femur 
 is increased above 140 degrees. C. vara, a 
 condition in which the neck of the femur 
 is bent downward sufficiently to cause symp- 
 toms; this- bending may reach such an ex- 
 tent that the neck forms with the shaft a 
 right angle or less, instead of the normal 
 angle of 120 to 140 degrees. 
 
 Coxalgia {koks-al' -je-ah) [coxa; aXyoc, pain]. 
 Literally, pain in the hip-joint, but generally 
 used synonymously with hip-disease. 
 
 Coxalgic {koks-aV -jik) [coxalgia]. Relating to 
 coxalgia. 
 
 Coxankylometer {koks-ang-kil-om' -et-er) [coxa; 
 ajKuXoc, bent; fiexpov, a measure]. Volk- 
 mann's instrument for measuring the de- 
 formity in hip-disease. 
 
 Coxarthritis {koks-ar-thri'-tis). The same as 
 Coxitis. 
 
 Coxarthrocace {koks-arth-rok'-as-e) [coxa; 
 apdpov, joint; nandc, bad]. A fungoid in- 
 flammation of the hip-joint. 
 
 Coxarum morbus. Hip-joint disease. 
 
 Coxe's Hive Mixture. A mixture of squill 
 and senna, of each, 120; tartar emetic, 3; 
 sugar, 1200; calcium phosphate, 9; dilute 
 alcohol and water, ad 2000. 
 
 Coxitis {koks-i'-tis) [coxa; tree, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the hip-joint. C. coty- 
 loidea, that confined principally to the acetab- 
 ulum. C, Senile, a rheumatoid disease of 
 the hip-joint occurring in old people, marked 
 by pain, stiffness, and wasting, without any 
 tendency to suppuration. 
 
 Coxofemoral {koks-o-fem' -or-al) [coxa; femur, 
 the thigh-bone]. Relating to the hip and the 
 femur, as the coxofemoral joint — the hip-joint. 
 
 Coxopathy {koks-op' -ath-e) [coxa; tzoBoc, dis- 
 ease]. Any affection of the hip-joint. 
 
 Crab-louse {krab'-lows). See Pediculus pubis. 
 
 Crabs'-eyes {krabz'-iz). 1. Flat, calcareous 
 concretions {Lapides cancrorum) derived from 
 the stomach of the crab; they have been 
 used as a means of removing foreign bodies 
 from the eye. 2. A name for the seeds of 
 Abrus precatorius. 
 
 Cracked-pot Sound. A peculiar sound elic- 
 ited by percussion over a pulmonary cavity 
 communicating with a bronchus. 
 
 Cradle {kra'-dl) [AS., cradolj. In surgery, 
 a wire or wicker frame so arranged 
 
CRAMP 
 
 311 
 
 CRANIOMETRIC 
 
 as to keep the weight of the bed-clothing 
 from an injured part of the body. It is em- 
 ployed in the treatment of fractures, wounds, 
 etc. C, Ice-, the suspension, over a febrile 
 patient, by means of iron frames, of a num- 
 ber of buckets, kept half filled with ice, and 
 inclosed in a light covering. 
 
 Cramp {kramp) [Teut., kramp]. A spasmodic 
 tonic contraction of a muscle attended with 
 sharp pain. C, Intermittent, tetany. C, 
 Professional, spasm of certain groups of 
 muscles, from their continuous use in dif- 
 ferent occupations, as writer's, hammerman's, 
 piano-player's, dancer's cramp, etc. C.s, 
 Tonic (of fingers and toes in children), tetany. 
 
 Cramptonian Muscle. A bundle of striated 
 muscular fibers extending from the annular 
 ligament to the sclera in the eye of birds. 
 
 Crane's-bill Root. See Geranium. 
 
 Cranial {kra' -ne-at) [cranium]. Relating to the 
 cranium. C. Capacity, Modes of Measur- 
 ing. See under Skull. 
 
 Craniectomy {kra-ne-ek' -to-me) [cranium; en- 
 ropLT), a cutting out]. The surgical removal 
 of strips or pieces of the cranial bones. 
 It is performed in cases of microcephalia. 
 
 Craniencephalometer {kra-ne-en-sef-al-om' '- 
 et-er) [cranium; i-fukcfraXoc, the brain; fxirpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for determining 
 the position of the gyri of the brain from the 
 outer surface of the head. 
 
 Cranio- (kra-ne-o-) [cranium]. A prefix mean- 
 ing relating to the cranium. 
 
 Cranioabdominal {kra-ne-o-ab-dom' -in-at) . Re- 
 lating to the cranium and the abdomen; ap- 
 plied to temperaments showing a predomin- 
 ance of cerebral and abdominal influences. 
 
 Craniocerebral {kra-ne-o-ser'-e-bral). Relat- 
 ing to the cranium and the cerebrum. 
 
 Cranio cervical {kra-ne-o-ser' -vik-al) . Relat- 
 ing to the cranium and the neck. 
 
 Cranioclasm (kra' -ne-o-klasm) [cranio-; nXaecv, 
 to break]. The operation of breaking the 
 fetal head by means of the cranioclast. 
 
 Cranioclast {kra' ' -ne-o-klast) [see Cranioclasm]. 
 A heavy forceps for crushing the fetal head. 
 
 Craniognomy {kra-ne-og' -no-me) . See Cepha- 
 lology. 
 
 Craniology {kra-ne-oV-o-je) [cranio-; Xoyoc;, 
 science]. A branch of anatomy comprising 
 the study of skulls. 
 
 Craniometer [kra-ne-om' -et-er) [cranio-; \ikx- 
 pov, a measure]. An instrument for meas- 
 uring the dimensions of the skull. 
 
 Craniometric, Craniometrical (kra-ne-o-met' '- 
 rik, -at) [see Craniometer]. Pertaining to 
 craniometry. C. Point, any one of the points 
 of measurement used in craniometry. The 
 craniometric points are the following: Acan- 
 thion, a point in the median line of the skull at 
 the base of the nasal spine. Alveolar Point, 
 the point between the two middle incisors of the 
 upper jaw. Antinion, that point on the 
 glabellum, and in the median line, that is 
 farthest from the inion. Asterion, the point 
 behind the ear where the parietal, temporal, 
 and occipital bones meet. Auricular Point, 
 
 the center of the orifice of the external auditory 
 meatus. Basion, the middle point of the 
 anterior margin of the foramen magnum. 
 Bregma, the point where the coronal and 
 sagittal sutures meet. Dacryon, or Dak- 
 ryon, the point beside the root of the nose 
 where the frontal, lacrimal, and superior 
 maxillary bones meet. Entomion, the point 
 where the parietal notch of the temporal bone 
 receives the anterior extension of the mastoid 
 angle of the parietal bone. Glabella, or 
 Glabellum, the point in the median line 
 between the superciliary arches, marked by 
 a swelling, sometimes by a depression. Gna- 
 thion. Same as Mental Point. Gonion, 
 the point at the angle of the lower jaw. Hor- 
 mion, the anterior point of the basilar por- 
 tion of the united sphenooccipital bone, where 
 it is crossed by the median line. Inion, the 
 external occipital protuberance. Jugal 
 Point, the point situated at the angle that 
 the posterior border of the frontal branch of 
 the malar bone makes with the superior bor- 
 der of its zygomatic branch. Koronion, 
 the apex of the coronoid process of the in- 
 ferior maxilla. Lambda, the point of meet- 
 ing of the sagittal and the lambdoid sutures. 
 Malar Point, a point situated on the tu- 
 bercle on the external surface of the malar 
 bone or at the intersection of a line drawn 
 from the external extremity of the fronto- 
 malar suture to the tubercle at the inferior 
 angle of the malar bone and a line drawn 
 nearly horizontally from the inferior border 
 of the orbit over the malar bone to the superior 
 border of the zygomatic arch. Maximum 
 Occipital Point, or Occipital Point, 
 the posterior extremity of the anteroposterior 
 diameter of the skull, measured from the 
 glabella in front to the most distant point 
 behind. Mental Point, the middle point 
 of the anterior lip of the lower border of the 
 lower jaw. Metopion, or Metopic Point, 
 a point in the middle line between the two 
 frontal eminences. Nasion, or Nasal Point, 
 the middle of the frontal suture at the root 
 of the nose. Obelion, the part of the sagit- 
 tal suture between the two parietal foramens. 
 Occipital Point. See Maximum Occipital 
 Point in this table. Ophryon, the middle of 
 the supraorbital line, which, drawn across the 
 narrowest part of the forehead, separates the 
 face from the cranium. Opisthion, the 
 middle point of the posterior border of the 
 foramen magnum. Prosthion, the alveo- 
 lar point. Pterion, the point where the 
 frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid 
 bones come together. Rhinion, the upper 
 median point of the anterior nasal opening. 
 Spinal Point. Same as Subnasal Point. 
 Stephanion, Inferior, the point where 
 the ridge for the temporal muscle intersects 
 the coronal suture. Stephanion, Superior, 
 the point where the coronal suture crosses 
 the temporal ridge. Subnasal Point, the 
 middle of the inferior border of the anterior 
 nares at the base of the nasal spine. Supra- 
 
CRANIOMETRY 
 
 312 
 
 CREASOTE 
 
 auricular Point, the point vertically over 
 the auricular point at the root of the zygo- 
 matic process. Supranasal Point, Supra- 
 orbital Point. Same as Ophryon. Sym- 
 physion, the median point of the outer 
 border of the alveolus of the lower jaw. 
 Vertex, the superior point of the skull. 
 In obstetrics, that conic portion of the 
 skull the apex of which is at the posterior 
 fontanel and the base of which is formed by 
 the biparietal and trachelobregmatic diameters. 
 
 Craniometry (kra-ne-om r -et-re) [see Craniometer]. 
 The ascertainment of the proportions and 
 measurements of skulls. 
 
 Craniorrachischisis (kra-ne-or-rak-is'-kis-is) 
 [cranio-; pa%ic, spine; ox'tocc, a cleaving]. 
 Congenital fissure of the skull and spine. 
 
 Cranioschisis {hra-ne^os' -his -is) [cranio-; 
 ox'cocc, a cleaving]. Congenital fissure of the 
 skull. 
 
 Craniotabes {kra-ne-o-ta' -bez) [cranio-; tabes, 
 a wasting]. An atrophy of the cranial bones 
 occurring in infancy, with the formation 
 of small, shallow, conic pits in the bone- 
 substance. Craniotabes results from rachitis, 
 syphilis, or marasmus. 
 
 Craniothoracic {kra-ne-o-thor-as'-ik). Relat- 
 ing to the skull and the thorax; applied to 
 temperaments showing a predominance of 
 cerebral and thoracic influences. 
 
 Craniotomy (kra-ne-ot'-o-me) [cranio-; rofirj, 
 a cutting]. The operation of reducing the 
 size of the fetal head by cutting or breaking 
 it up, when delivery is otherwise impossible. 
 C, Linear. See Craniectomy. 
 
 Craniotonoscopy (kra-ne-o-ton-os'-ko-pe) 
 
 [cranio-; xovog, tone; oKOite'cv, to exam- 
 ine]. An auscultatory method devised by 
 Gabritschewsky for the localization of 
 changes in the bones of the skull (thinning 
 or thickening) by means of the variations in 
 sound transmitted through the bones and a 
 special resonator (pneumatoscope) placed in 
 the mouth. 
 
 Craniotrypesis (kra-ne-o-trip-e' 'sis) [cranio- ; 
 rpuTt-qocc, a boring]. Trephining. 
 
 Craniotympanic {kra-ne-o-tim-pan f -ik) [cran- 
 io-; tympanum}. Pertaining to the skull 
 and the tympanum. 
 
 Craniovertebral (kra-ne-o-ver' '-te-bral). Same 
 as Cerebrospinal. 
 
 Cranitis (kra"-ni' -lis) . Inflammation of a 
 cranial bone. 
 
 Cranium {kra'-ne-um) [npavhv, the skull]. 
 The skull. The cavity that contains the 
 brain, its membranes, and vessels. 
 
 Crapulent, Crapulous ikrap' -u-lent, -lus) 
 [crapula, drunkenness; surfeit]. Marked by 
 excess in eating and drinking. 
 
 Crassamentum (kras-am-en' '-turn) [L., "thick- 
 ness"]. A clot, as of blood. 
 
 Crataegus (kra-fe' -gus) [Kpazacyog, the haw- 
 thorn]. A genus of rosaceous shrubs. C. 
 oxyacantha, a European shrub, contains a 
 crystallizable principle, crategin, in the bark. 
 A strong tincture in doses of 3 drops is used 
 in heart disease. 
 
 Cravat (kra-va?) [Ft., cravate]. A bandage 
 of triangular shape, used as a temporary 
 dressing for a wound or fracture. The mid- 
 dle is applied to the injured part, and the 
 ends are brought around and tied. 
 
 Crealbin (kre-al'-bin). An internal antiseptic 
 said to consist of creolin and albumin. Syn., 
 Creolalbin. 
 
 Cream (krem) [cremor, ■ thick juice or broth]. 
 The rich fat part of milk. C. of Tartar. 
 See Potassium Bitartrate. 
 
 Crease (kres) [Celtic]. A line made by folding. 
 C, Gluteofemoral, C, Iliofemoral, the 
 crease that bounds the buttock below, cor- 
 responding nearly to the lower edge of the 
 gluteus maximus muscle. It is of supposed 
 significance in the diagnosis of hip-disease. 
 
 Creaspl {kre'-as-ol) [icpiac, flesh; oleum, oil], 
 C 8 H 10 O 2 . One of the principal phenols con- 
 tained in creasote. It is formed from guaia- 
 cum-resin, and is found in beechwood tar. 
 It is a colorless, oily liquid of an agreeable 
 odor and a burning taste, boiling at 220 C. 
 It is very similar to guaiacol. 
 
 Creasote, Creasotum {kre'-a-sot, kre-a-so' -turn) 
 [upkag, flesh; ow^ecv, to preserve]. The pro- 
 duct of the distillation of wood-tar, preferably 
 that from the beech, Fagus sylvatica, consisting 
 of a mixture of phenol-compounds. It is an 
 inflammable oily liquid, differing in this 
 respect from phenol. It does not coagulate 
 albumin or collodion. Most of the commer- 
 cial creasote consists of phenol or contains 
 a large percentage of it. It is antiseptic, 
 astringent, styptic, anesthetic, and escharotic. 
 It is used extensively in pulmonary tuber- 
 culosis. Dose 1-3 min. (0.06-0.2 Cc). C, 
 Alpha-, a preparation containing the con- 
 stituents of normal creasote mixed in such 
 proportion that it contains 25 % of crystalline 
 guaiacol. C, Beechwood, that obtained 
 from beechwood. C. Benzoate, an antiseptic 
 used as a spray in diseases of the throat 
 and nose. C. -calcium Chlorhydro- 
 phosphate, a white, syrupy mass used 
 in tuberculosis. Dose 37-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 
 Gm.) twice daily. C. Carbonate, guaiacol 
 carbonate with other carbonates containing 
 90% of beechwood creasote. Maximum daily 
 dose in tuberculosis 80 min. (5 Cc). It is 
 recommended in treatment of croupous pneu- 
 monia. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) every 2 hours. 
 Syn., Creosotal. C. -magnesia, a mixture of 
 creasote and calcined magnesia, free from 
 odor and taste of creasote. It is a nonirritant 
 antiseptic. Dose 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.). Syn., 
 Creosolid; Magnesium creosotate. C. Mix- 
 ture (mistura creasoti, B. P.), creasote and 
 glacial acetic acid, of each, 16 min. {1 Cc), 
 dissolved in 15 oz. (55 Cc.) of water to which 
 1 oz. (30 Cc.) of syrup and \ dr. (2 Cc.) of 
 spirit of juniper have been added. Dose 1-2 
 dr. (4-8 Cc). C. Ointment (unguentum 
 creasoti, B. P.), creasote, 1; simple oint- 
 ment, 12; for local application. C. Oleate, 
 a yellowish, oily liquid used in the same 
 manner as creasote. Dose 40-60 min. (2.5- 
 
CREATIN 
 
 313 
 
 CRESAPROL 
 
 3.8 Cc.) daily. Syn., Creasoteoleic ether ; 
 Oleocreasote. C. Phosphate, P0 4 (C 6 H 7 ) 3 , a 
 syrupy fluid containing 80% of creasote and 
 20 % of phosphoric acid anhydrid ; it is used 
 as a substitute for creasote. Syn., Tricrea- 
 sote phosphate. C. Tannophosphate, an 
 amber-colored fluid used in tuberculosis. 
 C. Valerianate, a noncaustic fluid which is 
 used in all forms of tuberculosis. Dose 3 
 min. (0.2 Cc), increasing to 18-28 min. (1.1- 
 1.7 'Cc.) daily, in milk. Syn., Eosot. C. 
 Vapor {vapor creasoti, B. P.), for inhalation. 
 C. Water {aqua creasoti, U. S. P.), a 1 % 
 solution. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
 
 Creatin {kre'-at-in) [npiac, flesh], C 4 H 9 N 3 2 . 
 A neutral organic substance that occurs 
 in the animal organism, especially in the 
 juice of muscles. C, Dehydrated, cre- 
 atinin. 
 
 Creatinemia {kre-at-in-e' -me-ah) [creatin; a}/xa, 
 blood]. An excess of creatin in the blood. 
 
 Creatinin {kre-af '-in-in) [creatin], C 4 H 7 N 3 0. 
 An alkaline substance, a normal constituent 
 of urine. It crystallizes in rhombic prisms 
 and is a strong base. It is much more soluble 
 than creatin. C, Reaction for. See Jaffe, 
 Kemer, v. Maschke, Weyl. 
 
 Crede's Method. 1. A prophylactic measure 
 against ophthalmia neonatorum by the in- 
 stillation, into the eyes of new-born children, 
 of a few drops of a 1 or 2 % solution of silver 
 nitrate. 2. A method of expelling the pla- 
 centa by grasping the uterus firmly through 
 the abdominal walls, kneading it to excite 
 contraction, and then pressing downward 
 toward the sacrum. C.'s Ointment, a 
 soluble silver ointment made from colloidal 
 silver, applied by inunctions in septicemia 
 and pyemia. Dose ^-1 dr. (2-4 Gm.), re- 
 peated every 12 hours until abatement of 
 symptoms. 
 
 Creek Dots. Small shining dots, of unknown 
 nature and often hereditary, occurring at 
 times in the retina anterior to the retinal 
 vessels; they were so named by Marcus 
 Gunn, who first described them. 
 
 Cremaster {kre-mas' -ter) [Kpep.av, to support]. 
 The muscle that draws up the testis. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Cremasteric {kre-mas-ter' -ik) [cremaster]. Per- 
 taining to the cremaster muscle. C. Reflex. 
 See under Re-flex. 
 
 Cremation {kre-ma' '-shun) [cremare, to burn]. 
 The destruction of the dead body by burning, 
 as distinguished from interment. 
 
 Cremnophobia {krem-no-fo' -be-ah) [kptj/ivoc, 
 a crag; <f>6ftoc, fear]. Morbid fear of preci- 
 pices. 
 
 Cremometer {krem-oni'-et-er) [cream; [ikrpov, 
 a measure]. A graduated tube for deter- 
 mining the percentage of cream in milk. 
 
 Cremor {kre'-mor) [L., "broth"]. Cream. 
 Any thick substance formed on the surface 
 of a liquid. C. tartari, cream of tartar. 
 
 Crenation {kre-na' -shun) [crena, a notch]. 
 A notched or mulberry -like appearance of the 
 red corpuscles of the blood. It is seen when 
 
 they are exposed to the air or strong saline 
 solutions. 
 
 Crenothrix {kren' '-oth-riks) [kptjvt), a spring; 
 dpi$, hair]. A genus of Schizomycetes the 
 filaments of which are enveloped in a gelatin- 
 ous sheath. 
 
 Creoform {kre f -o-}orm). A solid, tasteless 
 antiseptic consisting of guaiacol, creasote, and 
 formaldehyd. 
 
 Creolalbin {kre-ol-aV -bin) . See Crealbin. 
 
 Creolin {kre'-o-lin) [fcpeac, flesh; oleum, oil]. 
 A coal-tar product deprived of phenol; it is 
 an antiseptic, used especially as a douche 
 in obstetric practice. It has also been used 
 in a solution of 5 : 1000 for irrigation of the 
 bowel in dysentery and enterocolitis. 
 
 Creosal {kre'-o-sal). A dark -brown, hygro- 
 scopic powder, with odor and taste of creasote, 
 obtained by heating beechwood creasote with 
 tannic acid and phosphorous oxychlorid. It 
 is antiseptic and astringent, and is used in 
 bronchial inflammations. Dose 15-135 gr. 
 (1-9 Gm.) daily. Syn., Tannosal. 
 
 Creosin {kre f -o-sin) . A compound of creasote, 
 iodin, calcium hypophosphite, and balsam of 
 peru; it is used like creasote. 
 
 Creosoform {kre-o' -so-) orm). A combination 
 of creasote and formaldehyd, occurring as a 
 greenish powder. 
 
 Creosolid {kre-o-sol'-id). See Creasote-mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 Creosomagnesol {kre-o-so-mag' -ne-sol) . A dry 
 mixture of potassium hydroxid, creasote, 
 and magnesia; antiseptic. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 
 Gm.) in pill with honey. 
 
 Creosotal {kre-o 1 '-so-tal) . See Creasote Carbonate. 
 
 Creosote, Creosotum {kre'-o-sot, kre-o -so' -turn). 
 See (Creasote. 
 
 Crepitant {kref '-it-ant) [crepitare, to crackle]. 
 Possessing the character of crepitation. C. 
 Rale. See under Rale. 
 
 Crepitation, Crepitus {krep-it-a' -shun, krep'- 
 it-us) [crepitare]. 1. The grating of fractured 
 bones. 2. The crackling of the joints. 3. The 
 noise produced by pressure upon tissues con- 
 taining an abnormal amount of air or gas, 
 as in cellular emphysema. 4. The sound 
 heard at the end of inspiration in the first 
 stage of croupous pneumonia. It closely re- 
 sembles the sound produced by rubbing the 
 hair between the fingers held close to the ear. 
 Crepitus indux, a crepitant rale heard in 
 pneumonia at the beginning of hepatization. 
 Crepitus redux, a crepitant rale heard in 
 pneumonia during the stage of resolution; 
 usually the first manifestation of the reces- 
 sion of the disease. C, Silken, a sensation 
 such as is produced when two surfaces of 
 silk are rubbed together, felt by the hand 
 when manipulating a joint affected with 
 hydrarthrosis. 
 
 Crepitus. See Crepitation. 
 
 Cresalol {kres'-al-ol) [cresol; salol]. Cresol 
 salicylate, an intestinal antiseptic 
 
 Cresamin {kres'-am-in). An antiseptic and ger- 
 micide mixture of ethylenediamin and tricresol. 
 
 Cresaprol {kres-ap'-rol). See Cresin. 
 
CRESCENT 
 
 314 
 
 CRETINISM 
 
 Crescent (kres'-ent) [crescere, to grow]. i. 
 Sickle-shaped, or shaped like the new moon. 
 2. A form of Plasmodium malaria; one of 
 the crescentic, nonflagellate, refractive, pig- 
 mented bodies seen in the blood of persons 
 suffering from protracted forms of malarial 
 poisoning; i. e., after the second week in 
 estivoautumnal fever, in malarial remittent 
 fever, and in the cachectic victims of chronic 
 malaria. C.s of Gianuzzi, groups of deeply- 
 staining cells in the acinus of a gland, pushed 
 to one side by the secreting cells, and proba- 
 bly representing exhausted cells. C, Myopic. 
 See Myopic Crescent. C. -sphere, Lambertin's 
 term for that phase of development of the 
 malarial parasite when it becomes sausage- 
 shaped or crescent-shaped. It constitutes a 
 sexual phase of the parasite and is destined 
 to be swallowed by Anopheles and to carry 
 on the further life -history of the parasite. 
 C.s of the Spinal Cord, the lateral gray 
 bands of the spinal cord as seen in horizontal 
 section. 
 
 Cresin (kre'-sin). A mixture of cresol, 25%, 
 and sodium cresoxylacetate ; a brown, clear 
 
 • fluid, said to be less poisonous than phenol. 
 It is used in 0.5 to 1 % solution as a wound 
 antiseptic. Syn., Cresaprol. 
 
 Cresol (kre'-sol) [upkac, flesh; oleum, oil], 
 C 7 H 8 0. Cresylic acid; a body obtained 
 from the distillation of coal-tar. It is a 
 colorless, caustic liquid, with properties simi- 
 lar to those of phenol, but is superior as an 
 antiseptic. Syn., Paramethyl phenol. C- 
 anitol, a compound of anitol and cresol, 
 used as a bactericide. C. Iodid. See Loso- 
 phan. C.-naphthol, a brown, viscous, tar- 
 like liquid, insoluble in water; it is used as 
 a germicide. C. Salicylate, C.-salol. See 
 Cresalol. C, Solution of, Compound (liquor 
 cresolis compositus, U.S. P.). See under Solution. 
 
 Crest (krest) [crista, a crest]. A ridge or linear 
 prominence, especially of bone. See Crista. 
 C, Deltoid, a ridge on the humerus at the 
 attachment of the deltoid muscle. C, Eth- 
 moid. 1. A transverse ridge on the inner as- 
 pect of the nasal process of the superior maxilla. 
 2. The turbinated crest. C, Frontal, a 
 ridge along the middle line of the internal 
 surface of the frontal bone. C. of Ilium, 
 the thickened and expanded upper border 
 of the ilium. C, Incisor (of Henle), the 
 forward prolongation of the nasal crest, 
 terminating in the anterior nasal spine; the 
 cartilage of the nasal septum rests upon it. 
 Syn., Crista incisiva. C., Infratemporal, 
 one on the outer aspect of the great wing 
 of the sphenoid and separating the part of 
 the bone which partly forms the temporal 
 fossa from that which aids in forming the 
 zygomatic fossa. C, Lacrimal, a vertical 
 ridge dividing the external surface of the 
 lacrimal bone into two parts. C, Lambdoid. 
 See C, Occipital. C, Nasal, a crest on the 
 internal border of the nasal bone and forming 
 part of the septum of the nose. C, Ob- 
 turator, a bony ridge running from the spine 
 
 of the os pubis to the anterior end of the 
 cotyloid notch. C, Occipital, a vertical 
 ridge on the external surface of the occipital 
 bone, extending from the occipital protuber- 
 ance to the foramen magnum. C. of Pubes, 
 a crest extending from the spine to the inner 
 extremity of the pubes. C, Sacral, C. of 
 Sacrum, a series of eminences forming a 
 longitudinal ridge on the middle line of the 
 posterior surface of the sacrum. C, Sphe- 
 noid, a thin ridge of bone in the median line 
 of the anterior surface of the body of the 
 sphenoid bone. C, Sphenomaxillary, an 
 arched crest formed in part by the anterior 
 surface of the great wing of the sphenoid 
 and in part by the pterygoid process forming 
 the border of the sphenomaxillary fissure. 
 C, Supramastoid, a bony ridge above the 
 external auditory meatus. C. of Tibia, the 
 prominent border or ridge on the front of the 
 tibia; the shin. C, Turbinated, a promi- 
 nent horizontal ridge on the internal surface 
 of the palate bone. C, Zygomatic, the an- 
 terior border of the great wing of the sphenoid; 
 it articulates with the malar bone and sepa- 
 rates the orbital from the temporal surface. 
 
 Cresyl (kres f -il), CyHy. The radicle of cresol. 
 C. Alcohol, C 6 H 4 (OH)CH 3 , formed from 
 phenyl alcohol by the substitution of a 
 molecule of methyl for an atom of the 
 hydrogen of the phenyl. C. Hydrate. See 
 C. Alcohol. 
 
 Cresylate (kres'-il-at). Any compound of 
 cresol with a metallic radicle. 
 
 Creta (kre'-tah) [L.]. Chalk. Native calcium 
 carbonate. Cretae, Mistura (U. S. P.), con- 
 sists of compound chalk powder, 20; cin- 
 namon-water, 40; water, 40. It is used in 
 diarrhea. Dose | oz. (15 Cc). C. prae- 
 parata (U. S. P.), prepared chalk; chalk 
 freed from impurities by washing. Dose 5- 
 20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). Cretae, Pulvis, 
 Aromaticus (B. P.). Dose 10 gr.-i dr. 
 (0.65-4.0 Gm.). Cretae, Pulvis, Composi- 
 tus (U. S. P.), compound chalk powder; 
 consists of prepared chalk, 30; acacia in 
 powder, 20; sugar, 50. Dose 5 gr.-i dr. 
 (0.32-4.0 Gm.). Cretae, Trochisci, each 
 contains prepared chalk, 4 gr.; acacia, 1 gr.; 
 sugar, 6 gr.; with a little nutmeg. 
 
 Cretaceous {kre-ta' -she-us) [creta]. 1. Chalky. 
 2. Chalky -white in color. 
 
 Cretin (kre'-tin) [Fr., cretin, a simple-minded 
 person]. A person affected with cretinism. 
 
 Cretinism (kre' -tin-izm) [cretin]. A congenital 
 disease, characterized by absence of the 
 thyroid gland, diminutiveness of size, 
 thickness of neck, shortness of arms and 
 legs, prominence of abdomen, large size 
 of face, thickness of lips, large and pro- 
 truding tongue, and imbecility or idiocy. 
 It occurs endemically in the goitrous dis- 
 tricts of Switzerland, and sporadically in 
 other parts of Europe and in America. 
 Lack of the secretion of the thyroid gland 
 seems to be the cause. C, Acquired, C, 
 Adult. Synonym of Myxedema. 
 
CRETINOID 
 
 315 
 
 CRISTATE 
 
 Cretinoid {kre' -tin-oid) [cretin]. i. Resem- 
 bling a cretin; resembling cretinism. 2. A 
 person who resembles a cretin. C. State, 
 the morbid state presented by a sufferer 
 from cretinism; cretinism. 
 
 Cribration {krib-ra' -shun) [cribrum]. 1. The 
 state of being cribriform or perforate. 2. 
 The act of sifting. 
 
 Cribriform (krib' '-re-form) [cribrum]. Perfor- 
 ated like a sieve, as the cribriform plate of 
 the ethmoid bone. 
 
 Cribrum {krib' -rum) [L.; pi., cribra]. A sieve. 
 C. benedictum, a perforate septum, sup- 
 posed by the ancients to separate two hypo- 
 thetic cavities of the kidneys, by which the 
 blood in the upper one was strained and 
 freed from impurities. Cribra orbitalia, 
 inconstant porosities behind the edge of the 
 orbit on the inferior surface of the orbital plate 
 of the frontal bone; they may be culdesacs 
 or, when developed more fully, may com- 
 municate. 
 
 Crichton Browne's Sign. See Browne's Sign. 
 
 Crico- (kri-ko-) [KpUoc, a ring]. A prefix 
 denoting connection with the cricoid carti- 
 lage. 
 
 Cricoarytenoid (kri-ko-ar-i 1 '-te-noid) [crico-; 
 arytenoid]. Pertaining to the cricoid and 
 arytenoid cartilages. 
 
 Cricohyoid, Cricohyoideus (kri-ko-hi' -old, 
 kri-ko-hi-oid'-e-us). Relating to the cricoid 
 cartilage and the hyoid bone. 
 
 Cricoid {kri' -koid) [crico-; tlbog, form]. Ring- 
 shaped. C. Cartilage, the ring-shaped cartil- 
 age of the larynx. 
 
 Cricoidectomy {kri-koid-ek' -to-me) [cricoid; 
 kn~kp.ve.Lv, to cut out]. The excision of the 
 cricoid cartilage. 
 
 Cricothyroid {kri-ko -ihi' -roid) [crico-; thyroid]. 
 Pertaining to the cricoid and thyroid cartil- 
 ages. C. Artery, a small branch of the 
 superior thyroid, crossing the cricothyroid 
 membrane. C. Membrane, a ligamentous 
 membrane that lies between the cricoid 
 and thyroid cartilages. C. Muscle. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Cricothyrotomy (kri-ko-thi-rot' -o-me). Cricot- 
 omy with division of the . cricothyroid mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Cricotomy {kri-kot' -o-me) [crico-; zkpvecv, to 
 cut]. Surgical laryngotomy by cutting 
 through the cricoid cartilage. 
 
 Cricotracheal, Cricotrachealis (kri-ko-lra' '- 
 ke-al, -tra-ke-aV -is) . Relating to the cricoid 
 cartilage and to the trachea. 
 
 Cricotracheotomy {kri - ko - trak - e - ot'-o - me) 
 [crico-; tracheotomy]. Tracheotomy through 
 the cricoid cartilage. 
 
 Crinate, Crinated (krin'-dt, krin-a f -ted) [crinis, 
 a hair]. Bearded with long hairs or hair -like 
 processes; crinite. 
 
 Criniform (krin'-e-form) [crinis, a, hair; forma, 
 form]. Filiform ; resembling horsehairs. 
 
 Crinose (krin'-oz). Hairy. 
 
 Crinosity (krin-os' '-it-e) . Hairiness'. 
 
 Crisis (kri'-sis) [upco-cc;, a decisive point]. 1. A 
 turning-point, as that of a disease or fever; 
 
 especially, the sudden favorable termination 
 of the acute symptoms of an infectious dis- 
 ease. 2. Paroxysmal disturbance of function 
 accompanied with pain. C, Bronchial, a 
 paroxysm of dyspnea sometimes occurring 
 in tabes. C, Cardiac, a paroxysm of cardiac 
 distress or disordered action. Crises, DietPs, 
 paroxysms of gastric distress occurring in 
 nephroptosis. C., Doctrine of, the theory 
 that the gradual climax of morbid phenomena 
 was announcement of the completion of the 
 union of morbific material- — which could then 
 be evacuated by the sweat, urine, or stools — 
 spontaneously or by the administration of 
 diuretics, purgatives, etc. C, Enteralgic, 
 a paroxysm of pain in the lower part of the 
 abdomen occurring in tabes. Crises, Gas- 
 tric, attacks of intense, paroxysmal pain in 
 the abdomen, often attended with vomiting. 
 They occur in locomotor ataxia. C, Hem- 
 atic, C, Hemic, the crisis in a fever marked 
 by increase in the number of blood-plates. 
 C, Nephralgic, C, Nephritic, a ureteral 
 paroxysm of pain observed in tabes. C, 
 Rectal, paroxysmal rectalgia occurring in 
 tabes dorsalis and in diabetes. C, Tabetic, 
 paroxysmal pain occurring in the course of 
 tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Crismer's Test for Glucose. An alkaline 
 solution of glucose when heated to boiling 
 with a solution of 1 part safranin in 1000 
 parts- water decolorizes the safranin solution 
 or renders it pale yellow. It is not decolorized 
 when heated with uric acid, creatinin, or 
 creatin in an alkaline solution. 
 
 Crispation (kris-pa'-shun) [crispare, to curl]. 1. 
 See Crispatura. 2. A slight involuntary 
 quivering of the muscles. 
 
 Crispatura {kris-pah-tn' -rah) [L.]. A pucker- 
 ing; a contracture. C. tendinum, Dupuy- 
 tren's contraction. 
 
 Crista (kris'-tah) [L.]. Crest. C. acustica, 
 a yellow elevation projecting into the equator 
 of the ampulla of the ear. C. ampullaris. 
 See C. acustica. C. basilaris. See Pharyn- 
 . geal Tubercle. C. buccinatoria, a ridge 
 giving origin to the fibers of the buccinator 
 muscle, found in the groove on the anterior 
 surface of the coronoid process of the lower 
 jaw. C. capituli, one on the head of a rib 
 dividing its articular surface into two parts. 
 C. colli inferior, one on* the lower aspect 
 of the neck of a rib. C. colli superior, one 
 on the upper aspect of the neck of a rib. 
 C. galli, cock's-crest, the superior triangular 
 process of the ethmoid bone. C. ilii, the 
 crest of the ilium. C. vestibuli, an almost 
 vertical bony ridge on the inferior and median 
 walls of the vestibule of the ear, separat- 
 ing the fovea hemielliptica from the fovea 
 hemisphaerica. Syn., Pyramis vestibuli. 
 
 Cristallin (kris f -tal-in) . A kind of collodion, 
 in which the ether and alcohol employed as 
 solvents for pyroxylin are replaced by methyl- 
 alcohol. It does not dry so readily as ordinary 
 collodion. Syn., Crystallin. 
 
 Cristate (Jiris' -tat) . Crested. 
 
CRITH 
 
 316 
 
 CRUROINGUINAL 
 
 Crith (krith) [apcdrj, barley-corn]. The as- 
 sumed unit of mass for gases. It is the 
 weight of one liter of hydrogen, which is 
 0.0896 of a gram, or 1.37 grains. 
 
 Critical (krit' -ik-al) [uplocc, a decisive point]. 
 Pertaining to a crisis. 
 
 Crocated (kro' -ka-ted) [see Crocus]. Contain- 
 ing saffron. 
 
 Croceous [kro'-se-us). Saffron-colored; con- 
 taining saffron. 
 
 Crocidism, Crocidismus, Crocidixis (kro f - 
 sid-izm, kro-sid-iz'-mus, -iks'-is). See Car- 
 phology. 
 
 Croconic (kro-kon'-ik). Saffron-colored. 
 
 Crocus (kro'-kus) [uponoc, crocus; saffron]. 
 Saffron. The stigmas of the flowers of C. 
 sativus. It is an aromatic stimulant, em- 
 menagog, and antispasmodic. Dose of the 
 tincture (10% in strength) 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc); 
 of the drug 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.) in 
 infusion. 
 
 Crookes' Tube. A highly exhausted vacuum- 
 tube used in producing roentgen-rays. 
 
 Cross-birth. Shoulder-presentation or other 
 presentation requiring version. 
 
 Crossed (krosd) [crux, a cross]. Having the 
 shape of a cross. Affecting alternate sides 
 of the body. C. Anesthesia. See Anesthesia, 
 Crossed. C. Hemiplegia, C. Paralysis. 
 See Paralysis, Crossed. C. Reflexes, reflex 
 movements on one side of the body, ex- 
 cited by stimulation of a part on the oppo- 
 site side. 
 
 Cross-eye. See Strabismus. 
 
 Cross-legged Progression. A method of 
 walking in which one foot gets over or in 
 front of the other. 
 
 Crotchet ihroch'-et) [ME., crochett, a little 
 hook]. A hook used in extracting the fetus 
 after craniotomy. 
 
 Crotin {kro' -tin). A mixture of toxic albumin- 
 oids contained in croton seeds. It is a yel- 
 lowish powder containing about 21% of 
 ashes, soluble in water and in a 10% solu- 
 tion of sodium chlorid; it is a protoplasmic 
 poison. 
 
 Croton {kro'-ton) [kpotcov, a tick]. A great 
 genus of euphorbiaceous plants. C. eleu- 
 teria yields cascarilla; C. tiglium yields croton 
 oil. C. Aldehyd, C 4 H e O, a compound ob- 
 tained by the condensation of acetaldehyd 
 when heated with HC1, with water and zinc 
 chlorid. C. -chloral. See Chloral, Butyl. C. Oil 
 {oleum tiglii, U. S. P.), a fixed oil expressed from 
 the seeds of C. tiglium. See under Tiglium. 
 
 Crotonism {kro'-ton-izm). Poisoning by croton 
 oil; a condition marked by hemorrhagic gas- 
 troenteritis. 
 
 Crounotherapy {kru-no-ther r -ap-e) [apouvog, a 
 spring; therapy]. Riesman's term for the 
 employment of mineral waters for drinking- 
 cures. 
 
 Croup (kroop) [AS., kro pan, to cry aloud]. A 
 disease of the larynx and trachea of children, 
 prominent symptoms of which are a harsh, 
 "croupy" cough and difficulty in breathing; 
 it is often accompanied by the development 
 
 of a membranous deposit or exudate upon 
 the parts. It is usually caused by ' 
 diphtheria bacillus, sometimes by ot 
 microorganisms. Syn., Membranous crou 
 Pseudomembranous croup. True croup; C, 
 Artificial, traumatic membranous laryngitis. 
 C, Bronchial. See Bronchitis, Croupous. C, 
 Catarrhal, a simple noncontagious inflam- 
 mation of the larynx accompanied by the 
 formation of membrane. C, Diphtheric, 
 laryngeal diphtheria. C, False, a spasm 
 of the muscles of the larynx with a slight 
 inflammation. C, Intestinal. See Colitis, 
 Mucous. C. -kettle, a small boiler heated 
 by a lamp and contained within a metallic 
 cylinder. The boiler is furnished with an 
 inhaling tube, and water or any medicament 
 may be placed within it and the escaping 
 steam inhaled. C, Spasmodic. See C, 
 False. 
 
 Croupine {kroop'-en). Laryngismus stridulus. 
 
 Crowd-poison {krowd' '-poison). Volatile or- 
 ganic matter recognizable in the air of ill- 
 ventilated places where many persons are con- 
 gregated. 
 
 Crown (krown). See Corona. C. of a Tooth, 
 the exposed part of the tooth above the 
 gums. 
 
 Crucial {kru'-shal) [crux, sl cross]. Re- 
 sembling or pertaining to a cross, as a crucial 
 incision . 
 
 Cruciform {kru'-se-form) [crux; jorma, form]. 
 Crucial; shaped like a cross. 
 
 Crudivorous {kru-div'-or-us) [crudus, raw; 
 vorare, to devour]. Applied to savages sub- 
 sisting entirely upon uncooked food. 
 
 Cruentous {kru-en' -tus) [cruor]. Bloody. 
 
 Cruenturesis {kru-en-tu-re' -sis) [cruentus, 
 bloody; oopov, urine]. Hematuria. 
 
 Cruor {kru'-or) [L., "blood"]. Blood, espe- 
 cially coagulated blood. 
 
 Crura {kru'-rah) [pi. of crus]. See Crus. 
 C. anthelicis, C. bifurcata, two ridges 
 on the inner aspect of the external ear, 
 converging at the anthelix. Syn., Radices 
 anthelicis. C. of the Fornix. See Pillars, 
 Anterior and Posterior, of the Fornix. C. of 
 the Penis, the corpora cavernosa. 
 
 Crurseus {kru'-re-us) [L.]. See Vastus inter nus 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Crural {kru'-ral) [crura]. Pertaining to the 
 
 • thigh. C. Arch. See Ligament, Crural. 
 C. Hernia, femoral hernia. C. Ring, the 
 femoral ring; the upper opening of the fem- 
 oral canal, bounded in front by Poupart's 
 ligament and the deep crural arch, behind by 
 the pubis, internally by Gimbernat's ligament, 
 externally by a fibrous band separating it from 
 the femoral vein. C. Septum. See Septum 
 cr urate. 
 
 Cruritis (kru-ri f -tis) See Phlegmasia alba 
 dolens. 
 
 Crurogenital {kru-ro-jen' '-it-al) [crura; genitalis, 
 relating to generation]. Relating to the thighs 
 and the genitalia. 
 
 Cruro inguinal (kru-ro-in' -gwin-al). Relating 
 to the thigh and the groin. 
 
CRUS 
 
 317 
 
 CRYSTAL 
 
 Crus (krus) [L.; pi., crura (q. v.)]. A leg, 
 'jmb, or support. C. cerebelli, any one of 
 jhe cerebellar peduncles. C. cerebri, either 
 pf the two peduncles connecting the cerebrum 
 with the pons. C. of the Diaphragm, either 
 of the two fibromuscular bands arising in 
 front of the vertebras and inserted into the 
 central tendon of the diaphragm. 
 ! Crusocreatinin (kru-so-kre-at'-in-in), C 5 H 8 N 4 0. 
 A leukomain isolated from muscle tissue. 
 
 Crust (krust) [crusta]. A covering, especially 
 a dried exudate on the skin. 
 
 Crusta {krus' -tali) [L., " a crust"], i. See Crust. 
 2. The inferior portion of the crus cerebri. 
 C. lamellosa, psoriasis. C. osteoides 
 (radicis), C. petrosa, a thin layer of bone 
 covering the fang of a tooth. C. phlogistica, 
 the yellowish layer of the upper stratum of a 
 blood-clot, coagulating slowly. 
 
 Crutch (krutch) [ME., crutche]. A staff with a 
 concave cross-piece fitting under the arm- 
 pit, and often with a grip for the hands 
 midway on the staff, used as a support in 
 walking. C. Paralysis, paralysis of an 
 upper extremity due to the pressure of the 
 crutch-head upon the nerves of the axilla, 
 especially the musculospiral nerve. C, 
 Perineal, a support or brace of various 
 forms by means of which the leg of a patient 
 in the lithotomy position may be adjusted 
 or held at any height or angle. 
 
 Cruveilhier's Atrophy. Progressive muscular 
 atrophy. C.'s Fascia, the superficial layer 
 of the -perineal fascia. C.'s Plexus, i. A 
 plexus of the posterior cervical region which 
 is derived from the great occipital nerve and 
 the first and second cervical nerves. 2. The 
 plexus of varicose veins in a variety of 
 angioma. C.'s Ulcer, simple ulcer of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Cryalgesia (kri-al -je'-ze-ah) [xpuoe, cold; 
 aXyqocc, pain]. Pain from the application of 
 cold. 
 
 Crymo therapy (kri-mo-ther' '-ap-e) [npup.bc, icy 
 cold; depaneca, therapy]. Ribard's term for the 
 therapeutic use of great cold applied locally. 
 A bag filled with carbonic snow at a tem- 
 perature of — 176 F. is applied daily for half 
 an hour to the pit of the stomach. It is 
 previously surrounded by cotton to prevent 
 injury to the skin. 
 
 Cryogenin {kri-oj' -en-in) . Metabenzamino- 
 semicarbazid. It is given in treatment of 
 tuberculosis for diminishing the fever, be- 
 ing innocuous and effective. 
 
 Cryoscopy (kri-os'-ko-pe) [npuoc, cold; oKoxelv, 
 to examine]. The process whereby the freez- 
 ing-point of certain liquids, blood, urine, etc., 
 may be compared with that of distilled water. 
 
 Cryostase {kri'-os-taz). A compound of equal 
 parts of phenol, camphor, saponin, and traces 
 of oil of turpentine. It solidifies when heated, 
 and becomes liquid when cooled to below 
 o° C. Recommended as an antiseptic. 
 
 Crypt (kript) [kputztoc, hidden]. A small sac 
 or follicle. C.s of Lieberkiihn, minute 
 tubular glands in the mucosa of the large 
 
 and small intestine. C.s, Multilocular. 1. 
 Sharpey's name for simple glands with 
 pouched or sacculated walls. 2. The lobules 
 of a racemose gland. C.s, Sebaceous, the 
 sebaceous glands. C, Synovial. See Bursa 
 mucosa. C.s, Synoviparous, extensions of 
 the synovial membranes sometimes perfor- 
 ating the capsule of the joints and occasion- 
 ally becoming shut off from the main sac. 
 C.s of the Tongue, small pits in the mucosa 
 of the tongue with walls studded with globular 
 projections, each of which contains a vascular 
 loop and is furnished with lymph-follicles. 
 
 Crypto- (krip-to-) [crypt]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to a crypt, or a small sac or follicle. 
 
 Cryptobiotic (krip-to-bi-ot'-ik) [crypto-; ft'cog, 
 life]. Having dormant life; applied formerly 
 to calculi, crystals, or any inanimate objects 
 which increase in size. Syn., Lithobiotic. 
 
 Cryptocephalus (krip-to-sef'-al-us) [crypto-; 
 K$(paXrj, head]. A fetal monster with an im- 
 perfectly formed and concealed head. 
 
 Cryptococcus (krip-to-kok'-us). See under 
 Bacteria. 
 
 Cryptogam (krip'-to-gam) [crypto-; ya/wc, 
 marriage]. In biology, one of the Cryp- 
 togamia, a division of the vegetable king- 
 dom comprising all plants with concealed 
 sexual organs, without pistils or stamens. 
 
 Cryptogenic (krip-to-jen' -ik) [crypto-; yevvav, 
 to produce]. 1. Obscure as to origin. 2. 
 Parasitic from the outset within another 
 living organism. 
 
 Cryptolithiasis" {krip-to-lith-i'-a-sis) [crypto-; 
 lithiasis]. The calcification and ossification of 
 tumors of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 
 
 Cryptomerorrachischisis (krip-to-mer-o-rak- 
 is'-kis-is) [crypto-; pkpoc, a part; payjc, the 
 spine; oyc^ecv, to cleave]. Spina bifida 
 occulta, a variety with bony deficiency but 
 without a tumor. 
 
 Cryptophthalmos (krip-tof-thal'-mos) [crypto-; 
 dcpOaXpoc, the eye]. 1. Congenital union of 
 the eyelids, usually over imperfect eyes. 2. 
 
 . A person who has congenital union of the 
 eyelids. 
 
 Cryptopin (krip'-to-pin) [crypto-; bncov, opium], 
 C 21 H 23 N0 5 . One of the alkaloids of opium, 
 colorless and odorless. It is said to be 
 anodyne and hypnotic, but it is less safe 
 than morphin. Dose | gr. (0.008 Gm.). 
 
 Cryptoporous (krip-top f -or-us) [crypto-; rcbpoc, 
 a pore]. Having hidden or obscure pores. 
 
 Cryptorchid, Cryptorchis (krip-tor'-kid, -kis) 
 [crypto-; bpycg, testicle]. A person with retained 
 testicles, *. e., not descended into the scrotum. 
 
 Cryptorchidism (krip-tor'-kid-izm) [see 
 Cryptorchid]. Retention of the testes in the 
 abdomen or inguinal canal. 
 
 Crystal {kris'-tal) [Kpuoxo.XXoc, clear ice]. 
 In chemistry, a substance that assumes a 
 definite geometric form. C.s, Bizzozero's. 
 See C.s, Charcot's. C.s, Boettcher's. See 
 C.s, Spermin. C.s, Charcot's, C.s, Charcot- 
 Leyden's, octahedral or hexahedral crystals 
 found in the sputum of asthma and fibrinous 
 bronchitis and in other forms of sputum, 
 
CRYSTALLIN 
 
 318 
 
 CUCURBITA 
 
 in the blood in leukemia, in the intestine in 
 infection with parasites, and in nasal polyps; 
 they are stained yellow .with iodin. C.s, 
 Char cot-Neumann's, C.s, Charcot-Rob- 
 in's. See C.s, Charcot's. C.s, Coffin-lid, 
 crystals of triple phosphate found in the 
 urine in dyspepsia and cystitis. C.s, Ear-. 
 See Otolith. C.s, Florence's, brown crystals 
 in the shape of needles or plates obtained 
 by treating semen with a strong solu- 
 tion of iodin and potassium iodid (Flor- 
 ence's reaction); they are also formed in 
 the secretions of the prostate, uterus, 
 vagina, etc. C. -gazing, gazing into the 
 depths of a crystal globe or the surface of 
 a clear vessel of water in order to produce 
 self-hypnotism or autosuggestion with a view 
 to obtaining socalled telepathic impressions. 
 C.s, Hedgehog. See Hedgehog Crystals. C.s, 
 Hemin. See Hemin Crystals. C.s, Knife- 
 rest, peculiar indented crystals of triple phos- 
 phate occasionally found in urine. C.s, Lead- 
 chamber, those found in the lead-cham- 
 bers in which sulfuric acid is manufactured, 
 and having the composition HS0 3 (N0 2 ). 
 C.s, Leyden's. See C.s, Charcot's. C.s, 
 Lubarsch's, minute crystals found postmor- 
 tem in the epithelial cells of the testis, and 
 regarded as distinct from Boettcher's and 
 Charcot's crystals. C.s, Neumann's. Same 
 as C.s, Charcot's. C.s, Schweiner's. See 
 C.s, Charcot's. C.s, Sperrnin, a combination 
 of phosphoric acid with a base, sperrnin 
 (C 2 H 5 N), forming long, monoclinic, prism- 
 like crystals with curved edges, found in 
 spermatic fluid after drying it or allowing it 
 to stand and in desiccated white of egg. A 
 strong solution of iodid and potassium iodid 
 stains them a deep brown or violet. Syn., 
 Boettcher's crystals. C.s, Teichmann's. See 
 Hemin Crystals. C.s of Venus, copper 
 sulfate crystals. C.s, Virchow's, bright 
 yellow or orange-colored crystals of hema- 
 toidin sometimes found in extravasated blood. 
 C.s, Zenker's. See C.s, Charcot's. 
 
 Crystallin {kris' -tal-in) [crystal]. i. The 
 globulin of the crystalline lens. 2. See Cris- 
 tallin. 
 
 Crystalline {kris' '-tal-en or -In) [crystal]. 
 Like a crystal. C. Lens. See Lens, Crystal- 
 line. 
 
 Crystallization (kris-tal-iz-a'-shun) [crystal]. 
 The process by which the molecules of a 
 substance arrange themselves in geomet- 
 ric forms when passing from a gaseous or 
 a liquid to a solid state. C, Alcohol of, 
 an alcohol uniting molecule by molecule 
 with a crystalline .substance and aiding in 
 the preservation of the crystalline form of 
 the latter. C, Water of, the water of salts 
 that cannot be extracted without destruction 
 of their crystalline nature. 
 
 Crystallographic Test for Blood. The use 
 of sodium iodid as a reagent forming char- 
 acteristic blood-crystals. Its use depends on 
 the formation of iodin-hematin. 
 
 Crystallose {kris f -tal-oz) . Sodium saccharinate. 
 
 Crystalluridrosis {kris - tal - u - rid - ro'- sis) 
 [crystal; oOpov, urine; cdpcbc;, sweat]. A 
 condition marked by excretion of urinary 
 elements in the sweat which crystallize on 
 the skin. 
 
 Cubeb, Cubeba {ku'-beb, ku-be'-bah) [Pers., 
 kababa, cubeb]. The unripe fruit of Piper 
 cubeba, cultivated in Java. Its properties are 
 due to a volatile oil, C^H^, and an organic 
 acid. It is an aromatic stimulant, diuretic 
 in small doses, and is useful in affections of 
 the bladder and urethra. It is also employed 
 in catarrh of the air-passages, etc. Dose 
 10 gr.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Gm.). C., Fluidex- 
 tract of {fluidexir -actum cubebce, U. S. P.), 
 alcoholic. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
 C, Oil of {oleum cubebce, U. S. P.), the vol- 
 atile oil. Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-1.3 Cc). 
 C, Oleoresin of {oleoresina cubebce, U. S. P.), 
 ethereal. Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
 C, Tincture of, 10% in strength. Dose 
 10 min.-3 dr. (0.65-12.0 Cc). Unof. C, 
 Troches of {trochisci cubebce, U. S. P.), oleo- 
 resin, \ gr.; oil of sassafras, fa gr.; extract 
 of licorice, 4 gr.; acacia, 2 gr.; syrup of 
 tolu q. s., in each troche. Dose 1-3. 
 
 Cubebic Acid {ku-beb' -ik) . See Acid, Cubebic. 
 
 Cubebin {ku-beb' -in) [cubeb], C 10 H 10 O 3 . An 
 odorless, crystalline substance obtained from 
 cubeb. 
 
 Cubebism {kuf-beb-izm). Poisoning by cubeb; 
 it is marked by acute gastroenteritis. 
 
 Cubiform ,{ku'-be-}orm). Cuboid. 
 
 Cubit {ku'-bit) [cubitus]. 1. The forearm; 
 cubitus. 2. The ulna. 3. The elbow. 
 
 Cubitodigital {ku-bit-o-dij 1 '-it-al) . Relating to 
 the forearm or the ulna and to the fingers. 
 
 Cubitometacarpal {ku-bit-o-met-ah-kar' -pal). 
 Relating to the forearm or the ulna and the 
 metacarpus. 
 
 Cubitosupraphalangeal {ku-bit-o-su-prah-fal- 
 an'-je-al). Relating to the forearm or the 
 ulna and the bases of the phalanges. 
 
 Cubitus {ku'-bi-tus) [L., "the elbow"]. The 
 forearm. C. valgus, a deformity consisting 
 of an abnormal curvature of the humeral 
 diaphysis. C. varus. See Gunstock De- 
 formity. 
 
 Cubocuneiform {ku-bo-ku-ne'-if-orm). Re- 
 lating to the cuboid bone and to one or more 
 of the cuneiform bones. 
 
 Cuboid {ku'-bmd) [ku(3oc~, cube; eldog, like]. 
 Resembling a cube. C. Bone, a bone of 
 the foot situated at the outer anterior part of 
 the tarsus. 
 
 Cuca {koo'-kah). See Erythroxylon. 
 
 Cucumis {ku'-ku-mis) [L., "a cucumber"]. 
 A genus of plants. See Colocynth. C. 
 melo, muskmelon, is a species indigenous to 
 the old-world tropics and widely cultivated. 
 The root is emetic and diuretic and con- 
 tains melonenemetin. The juice of the fruit 
 of C. sativus, cucumber, is purgative, diuretic, 
 and resolvent. It is used in skin diseases 
 and as a cosmetic. 
 
 Cucurbita {ku-kurb 1 '-it-ah) [L., "a gourd"]. A 
 genus of plants of the order Cucurbitacecz, 
 
CUIRASS 
 
 319 
 
 CUPPED 
 
 C. fcetidissima is a species of North America; 
 the leaf, root, and seeds are edible and the 
 bitter fruit is recommended in the treatment 
 of hemorrhoids. The ripe seed of C. pepo, 
 the pumpkin, is the pepo of the U. S. P., an 
 anthelmintic. See Pepo. 
 Cuirass (kwe'-ras) [Fr.]. A close-fitting or 
 immovable bandage for the front of the chest. 
 C. Cancer. See Cancer en cuirasse. C, 
 Tabetic, an anesthetic area encircling the 
 chest in tabetic patients. 
 
 Culdesac (kuV -de-sak) [Fr.]. A closed or 
 "blind" pouch or sac. C, Douglas', a 
 pouch between the anterior wall of the rectum 
 and the posterior wall of the uterus, formed 
 by the reflection of the peritoneum. 
 
 Culex (ku'-leks) [L., "a gnat"]. A mosquito. 
 C. fasciatus. See Stegomyia fasciata. 
 
 Culicide (ku'-lis-id) [culex; ccedere, to kill]. 
 Any agent which destroys mosquitos. 
 
 Culicifuge (ku-lis'-if-uj) [culex; fugare, to drive 
 away]. An agent to drive away mosquitos. 
 
 Culmen (kul'-men) [L., "summit"]. A part of 
 the cerebellum on the cephalic side of the 
 vermis. 
 
 Culture (kul'-chur) [colere, to till]. The growth 
 of microorganisms on artificial mediums. 
 The act of cultivating microorganisms on 
 artificial mediums. C, Fractional. See 
 C, Pure. C, Hanging-drop, a culture in 
 which the microorganism is inoculated into 
 a drop of fluid on a cover-glass and the latter 
 is inverted over a glass slide having a central 
 concavity. C. -medium, a substance used 
 for cultivating bacteria. Culture-mediums are 
 either liquid or solid, bouillon and milk being 
 the important liquid mediums, and gelatin, 
 agar, blood-serum, and potato, the principal 
 solid mediums. C., Needle-. See C.,Stab-. 
 C, Plate-, a culture of bacteria on a medium 
 spread upon a flat plate or in a double dish. 
 C, Pure, a culture of a single microorganism. 
 C, Stab-, one in which the medium is 
 inoculated by means of a needle bearing 
 the microorganisms, and which is inserted 
 deep down into the medium. 
 
 Cumarin (ku 1 '-mar-in). See Coumarin. 
 
 Cumene [ku'-men) [cumin], C 9 H 12 . A com- 
 pound made by distilling cumic acid with lime. 
 
 Cumic iku'-mik) [cumin]. Derived from or 
 pertaining to cumin. C. Acid. See Acid, 
 Cumic. 
 
 Cumin {ku'-mht) [cuminum, cumin]. An um- 
 belliferous plant, Cuminum cyminum, native 
 in Egypt and Syria. The fruit possesses 
 well-marked stimulating and carminative 
 properties. Its active principle is an oil. 
 
 Cuminic (ku-min' -ik) . See Cumic. 
 
 Cumol iku'-mol). See Cumene. 
 
 Cumulative {ku' ' -mu-la-tiv) [cumulare, to heap 
 up]. Increasing; adding to. C. Action, 
 C. Effect, the production of a marked and 
 sudden result, after the administration of a 
 considerable number of comparatively in- 
 effective doses. 
 
 Cundurango (kun-du-ran' -go) . See Condu- 
 rango. 
 
 Cuneal, Cuneate {ku f -ne-al, ku'-ne-at) [cuneus]. 
 
 See Cuneiform. 
 Cuneiform {ku-ne'-if-orm). [cuneus; forma, 
 shape]. Wedge-shaped; cuneate. C. Bones, 
 three wedge-shaped bones at the anterior part 
 of the tarsus. C. Column. See Column 
 of Burdach. 
 
 Cuneocuboid (ku-ne-o-ku' '-boid) . See Cubocu- 
 neiform. 
 
 Cuneoscaphoid (ku-ne-o-skaf'-oid). Relating 
 to the cuneiform bones and to the scaphoid 
 bone. 
 
 Cuneus (ku'-ne-us) [L., " a wedge"]. A wedge- 
 shaped convolution on the median aspect of 
 the occipital lobe. Syn., Cuneate lobule; 
 Internal occipital lobule; Lobulus cerebri 
 cuneatus; Lobulus cerebri occipitalis (inter- 
 nus); Lobulus cuneatus; Lobulus cuneiformis; 
 Lobus cuneus; Lobus pyriformis; Triangular 
 lobule. C. cinereus. See Ala cinerea. C. 
 thalami optici intergenicularis, that part 
 of the thalamus lying between the external 
 and internal geniculate bodies. 
 
 Cuniculus {ku-nik' -u-lus) [L., "a subterranean 
 passage"]. The burrow of the itch-mite. 
 In the plural, cuniculi, the semicircular canals 
 of the ear. 
 
 Cunisset's Test for Bile-pigments. Addition 
 to the urine of half its volume of chloroform 
 imparts a yellow color to the latter. 
 
 Cup (kup) [AS., cuppe]. i. To bleed. 2. 
 A cupping-glass. 3. A drinking-vessel or 
 the contents of such a vessel. C.s, Anti- 
 monial, cups made of antimony which impart 
 emetic properties to the contained liquid. 
 C, Bitter, a drinking-cup of quassia wood. 
 C, Chinese, a drinking-vessel of red arsenic 
 which imparts cathartic properties to wine 
 left standing in it during the night. C, 
 Dry-, a cup for merely drawing the blood 
 to the surface. C, Favus-, a depression in 
 a favus-scale surrounding a hair. C, Glau- 
 comatous, a deep depression in the optic 
 papilla seen in cases of glaucoma. C.s, 
 Montgomery's. See Montgomery's Cups. 
 C, Physiologic, the normal concavity of 
 the optic papilla. C, Wet-, a cup for ab- 
 stracting blood through incisions in the skin. 
 
 Cuphea (ku'-fe-ah) [nixboc, a hump, from the 
 shape of the calyx]. A genus of plants of 
 the order Lythracece. C. antisyphilitica, C. 
 balsamona, C. ingrata, and C. microphylla are 
 employed in decoction in the American tropics 
 in the treatment of syphilis. C. viscosissima, 
 a viscid annual of the United States, is a 
 homeopathic remedy used in the treatment of 
 cholera infantum. 
 
 Cuphosis (ku-fo f -sis). See Kyphosis. 
 
 Cupola (ku'-po-lah) [L., "a dome"]. The 
 dome-shaped extremity of the canal of the 
 cochlea; also the summit of a solitary gland 
 of the small intestine. 
 
 Cupped (kupt). Having the upper surface de- 
 pressed; applied to the coagulum of blood 
 after phlebotomy. C. Disc, excavation of 
 the optic papilla, normally present in slight 
 degree, but pathologic if excessive. 
 
CUPPING 
 
 320 
 
 CURD 
 
 Cupping (kup'-ing) [cup], i. A method of 
 blood-derivation by means of the applica- 
 tion of cupping-glasses to the surface of 
 the body. 2. The formation of a cup-like 
 depression. C, Dry-, a form of counter- 
 irritation in which the blood is drawn to the 
 surface by means of a cup. This is used 
 mainly in inflammatory affections of the lung. 
 C. -glass, a small bell-shaped glass capable 
 of holding three to four ounces, in which the 
 air is rarefied by heat or by exhaustion, and 
 the glass applied to the skin, either with 
 or without scarification of the latter. C, 
 Wet-, the abstraction of blood after scari- 
 fication. 
 
 Cupragol iku'-pra-gol). A compound of cop- 
 per and albumin used in solutions of 1 to 5 % 
 as an antiphlogistic and secretory stimulant. 
 
 Cupram {ku'-pram) [cuprum]. A solution of 
 copper carbonate in ammonia-water used as 
 a fungicide. 
 
 Cuprammonic (ku-pram-on'-ik). Containing 
 copper and ammonia. 
 
 Cuprargol {ku-prar'-gol). A cupro nucleic 
 acid compound, occurring as a gray powder, 
 slowly soluble in water. It is used in the 
 treatment of conjunctivitis by instillation of 
 a 1 to 5 % solution once or several times daily; 
 in trachoma used as an astringent in 20% 
 aqueous solution. 
 
 Cuprate (ku'-prat). A double salt containing 
 a cupric compound. 
 
 Cupratin {ku f -pra-tin) . A preparation of 
 copper albuminoid, similar to ferratin. 
 
 Cuprea Bark {ku' -pre-ah) . The bark of cer- 
 tain species of Remijia. It affords quinin 
 and the associated alkaloids. 
 
 Cuprein {ku r -pre-in) , C 19 H 22 N 2 2 . An alkaloid 
 derived from cuprea bark. 
 
 Cuprene {ku'-pren), C 7 H 8 . A nonvolatile in- 
 soluble hydrocarbon; a yellow, bulky solid 
 consisting of matted filaments resembling 
 amadou in appearance, obtained by passing 
 a current of pure acetylene gas over bright 
 copper filings. 
 
 Cuprescent (ku-pres'-ent). Having the appear- 
 ance of copper. 
 
 Cupressin {ku-pres' -in) . Cypress oil. 
 
 Cupriaseptol (ku-pre-ah-sep' -tol) . Copper sul- 
 focarbolate. * 
 
 Cupric (ku'-prik). Containing copper as a 
 bivalent element. C. Oxid. See Copper 
 Oxid, Black. 
 
 Cuprocitrol (ku-pro-sif-rol). A copper and 
 citrol derivative used in trachoma in 5 to 10 % 
 salve. 
 
 Cuprohemol {ku-pro-he'-mol). A compound 
 of copper and hemol used in tuberculosis. 
 Dose 1 \-2 gr. (0.1-0.13 Gm.). 
 
 Cuprol {ku'-prol). See Copper Nucleinate. 
 
 Cuprosopotassic (ku-pro-so-po-tas'-ik). Re- 
 lating to a combination of cuprous salt and 
 potassium. 
 
 Cuprosulfate (ku-pro-sul'-fdt). A double sul- 
 fate containing copper. 
 
 Cuprotartrate {ku-pro-tar'-trat). A combina- 
 tion of copper and tartaric acid. 
 
 Cuprous (ku'-prus). Containing copper as a 
 univalent element. C. Oxid. See Copper 
 Oxid, Red. 
 
 Cuprum {ku'-prum) [L.]. Copper. See Copper. 
 
 Cupula (ku'-pu-lah) [L., "a little cup"]. An 
 invisible substance on the crista? acusticas 
 that on the application of fixation fluids 
 coagulates and becomes visible. C. termi- 
 nalis. See Membrana tectoria. 
 
 Cupular, Cupulate (ku'-pu-lar, -lat). Cup- 
 shaped. 
 
 Curasao, Curacoa (ku-ra-so') [island of 
 Curagao, north of Venezuela]. A cordial 
 or elixir prepared from brandy, and flavored, 
 principally with orange-peel. It is used as 
 a vehicle for certain medicines. 
 
 Curage (ku-rahzh) [Ft.], i. Curettage; cleans- 
 ing of the eye or of an ulcerated or carious 
 surface. 2. A term used by some authorities 
 for clearing the uterine cavity by means of 
 the finger, as distinguished from the use of 
 the curet. 
 
 Curara, Curare, Curari (koo-rah'-rah, -re) 
 [S. A.]. Woorara. A vegetable extract 
 obtained from Paullinia curare and certain 
 members of the Strychnos family. It is a 
 powerful paralyzant of the motor nerves and 
 of the voluntary muscles. Its active prin- 
 ciple is curarin, Ci H 15 N. Dose y^ gr. 
 (0.0006 Gm.) hypodermatically. It is used 
 in South America and elsewhere as an 
 arrow-poison. Toxic doses cause death by 
 paralysis of the organs of respiration. It 
 has been reported effectual in cases of 
 hydrophobia and tetanus. The initial dose 
 is yq gr. (0.0065 Gm.) given hypodermatically 
 in a watery solution; this may be gradually 
 increased to 3 gr. (0.02 Gm.), but the latter 
 dose should be given with caution. 
 
 Curarization (koo-rah-riz-a 1 'shun) [curara]. 
 The state of one subjected to the full influ- 
 ence of curara by hypodermatic injection. 
 Voice and power of motion are generally 
 abolished, but not sensibility to pain. Syn., 
 Curarism. C, Spontaneous, conditions of 
 autointoxication occasioned by the paralyzing 
 influence upon the circulation and upon the 
 end-plates of the neuromuscular system of 
 toxic substances produced in the body by 
 the tetanization of the muscles. 
 
 Curarize {koo'-rah-riz). To bring a subject 
 under the influence of curara. 
 
 Curcuma (ker f -ku-mah) [L.]. Turmeric. The 
 rhizome of Curcuma longa, of India, a plant 
 of the Zingiber ace <z, with action similar to 
 that of ginger. It contains a yellow color- 
 ing-matter, curcumin, C H H 14 4 , and is em- 
 ployed as a yellow dye in pharmacy, occasion- 
 ally, to color ointments and other prepara- 
 tions, and in chemistry its solution in alcohol 
 is used as a test for alkalis, which turn it 
 brown. Paper tinged with an alcoholic 
 solution {turmeric paper) may be used in- 
 stead. 
 
 Curd {herd) [ME.]. The coagulum of milk 
 that separates on the addition of rennet or an 
 acid to milk. 
 
CURE 
 
 321 
 
 CURVATURE 
 
 Cure {kur) [cura, care]. The successful 
 treatment of a disease; also, a system of 
 treatment, as faith-cure, mind-cure, grape- 
 cure, water-cure (see Hydropathy), hunger - 
 cure, rest-cure, etc. C, Potato, a method 
 of treating foreign bodies in the alimentary 
 tract by the ingestion of mashed potatoes. 
 The body becomes embedded" in the potato- 
 mass that is formed. 
 
 Curet, Curette {ku-ret') [Fr.]. An instrument, 
 shaped like a spoon or scoop, for scraping 
 away exuberant or dead tissue. 
 
 Cureting {ku'-ret-ing). See Curetment. 
 
 Curetment {ku-ret' -ment) [Fr., curettement\. 
 The removal of vegetations, retained placenta, 
 etc., by means of a curet. Syn., Curetage; 
 Cureting; Curettage; Curettement. 
 
 Curettage {ku-ref -aj) . See Curetment. 
 
 Curling's Ulcer. A duodenal ulcer produced 
 by extensive burns of the skin. 
 
 Currant- jelly Clot. A soft, red clot seen 
 postmortem in the heart and blood-vessels. 
 
 Current {kur'-ent) [currere, to run]. A term 
 applied to the transference of electric force, 
 which is likened to the flow of a liquid in a 
 tube. C, Abterminal, the secondary current 
 observed at any point in the nerve or muscle 
 on the passage of a single induction shock. 
 C, Adterminal, the negative current ob- 
 served at any point in a nerve or muscle 
 on the passage of a single induction shock. 
 C, After-, a current produced in nervous 
 or muscular tissue when a constant current 
 which has been flowing through the same 
 has been stopped. C, Alternating, a term 
 applied to a current which, by means of an 
 interrupter, is alternately direct and reverse. 
 C, Anelectrotonic, that observed at the 
 anode on passage of a constant current 
 through a nerve. C.s, Angular, those which 
 are inclined to each other at some angle. 
 C, Ascending, the current formed by placing 
 the positive electrode upon the periphery of 
 a nerve and the negative higher up on the 
 trunk of the nerve, or on the surface over the 
 nerve-center in the spinal cord. C, Battery, a 
 galvanic current. C., Branch. See C, De- 
 rived. C. -breaker, a rheotome. C, Centrifu- 
 gal, a descending current. C, Centripetal, an 
 ascending current. C. -changer, a rheotrope. 
 C, Combined, that obtained by the combined 
 action of the galvanic and faradic currents. 
 C. -condenser, an apparatus for collecting 
 the extra currents generated by an induction 
 machine in operation which it combines to 
 form a current of opposite direction to that 
 of the battery current, and which upon being 
 transmitted to the core demagnetizes it and 
 thus increases the rapidity of the interrup- 
 tion and the strength of the induced cur- 
 rent. C, Constant. See C, Continuous. 
 C, Continuous, a constant, uninterrupted 
 current in one direction. C, d'Arsonval, 
 the high potential discharge of a current-con- 
 denser through a large solenoid of wire. C, 
 Derived, a current drawn off by a deriva- 
 tion-wire frofn the main current. C, De- 
 22 
 
 scending, one passing through a nerve centri- 
 fugally, the anode being placed proximally, 
 the kathode, distally. C., Direct, a current 
 constant in direction, in contradistinction to. 
 an alternating current. C, Faradic, the 
 current produced by an induction-coil or by 
 a magnetofelectric machine. C, Galvanic, 
 a current generated by the decomposition of 
 acidulated water by means of metallic plates. 
 C.s, Induced. See C.s, Secondary. C, In- 
 ducing, a primary current; one which, by 
 its opening or closure, produces a faradic 
 current in an adjoining circuit. Cf. C.s, 
 Induced. C.s, Induction, C.s, Inductive. 
 See C.s, Secondary. C, Interrupted, a cur- 
 rent that is alternately opened and closed. 
 C. -interrupter, a rheotome. C, Kat- 
 electro tonic, that observed at the kath- 
 ode on passage of a constant cur- 
 rent through a nerve. C, Labile, a cur- 
 rent applied while moving one or both 
 electrodes over the surface treated. C, 
 MagnetoelectriC, a faradic current gener- 
 ated by a magnet. C, Primary. See C, 
 Inducing. C, Primitive, an electric current 
 from which a derived current has not been 
 drawn off. C. -regulator, a rheostat. C, Re- 
 versed, that produced by changing the poles. 
 C.-reverser, a rheotrope. C.s, Secondary, 
 momentary currents produced in a coil of 
 insulated wire, introduced within the field of 
 another coil, when the circuit is made or 
 broken in the second coil. C, Sinuous, 
 one sent in a curved line. C, Sinusoidal, 
 an alternating induced electric current in 
 which the electromotive force is so varied 
 that its rise and fall in a positive direction 
 are immediately succeeded without a break 
 by an exactly corresponding fall and rise 
 in the negative direction, and the rise and 
 fall in both directions would, if graphic- 
 ally illustrated, describe a sine curve. C, 
 Spinal-cord, an electric current applied by 
 placing both the electrodes on the spine. 
 C, Spinal-cord Muscle, an electric current 
 in the application of which one electrode is 
 placed over the spine, the other over a muscle. 
 C, Spinal-cord Nerve, an electric current 
 in the application of which one electrode is 
 placed on the spine, the other on a nerve. 
 C, Stabile, a current applied with both 
 electrodes in a fixed position. C, Static, 
 the current from a static machine. C, Uni- 
 form, an electric current which retains the 
 same strength throughout its application. C, 
 Voltaic, the continuous current. 
 
 Curschmann's Spirals. Spiral threads of 
 mucin contained in the small, thick pellets 
 that are expectorated during an asthmatic 
 paroxysm. They are supposed to be casts 
 of the bronchioles, and contain Charcot- 
 Leyden crystals and eosinophil celte. 
 
 Curvature (kur'oa-lur) [curvare, to curve]. 
 A bending or curving. C, Angular. See C, 
 Potfs. C., Compensatory, in spinal cur- 
 vature, a secondary curve occurring as the 
 result of the efforts of the trunk to main- 
 
CURVE 
 
 322 
 
 CYCLE 
 
 tain its upright position. C, Lateral, sco- 
 liosis. C, Pott's, angular curvature of the 
 spine, with a posterior projection; it is due 
 to spondylitis. C. of Spine, a bending of 
 the vertebral column. 
 
 Curve (kerv) [curvus, bent]. A bending or flexure. 
 C, Barnes'. See Barnes' Curve. C. -basis, a 
 common level from which spring the ascend- 
 ing lines of a sphygmographic tracing. C. of 
 Cams. See Cams' Curve. C.s, Chauveau's, 
 in electrophysiology curves which show that 
 with closing shocks the amount of stimulation 
 obtained at first with the kathode grows with 
 the strength of the current, then remains sta- 
 tionary and sometimes decreases. The degree 
 of stimulation obtained with the anode reg- 
 ularly increases with the current and over- 
 takes and surpasses that obtained with the 
 kathode. With opening shocks the results 
 are reversed. C., Ellis -Damoiseau's, 
 C, Garland's S-. See Ellis' Sign. C, 
 Staircase-, the myographic curve produced 
 by repeated stimulation. C, Temperature-, 
 a graphic curve showing the variations of 
 the temperature for a given period. C.s, 
 Traube's, C, Traube-Hering's. See under 
 Traube. 
 
 Cuscamin (kus'-kam-in). A crystalline sub- 
 stance found in cinchona. 
 
 Cusp (kusp) [cuspis, a point]. The eminence 
 on the crown of a tooth. 
 
 Cusso (kus'-o\. Brayera. The cusso of the U. 
 S. P. is the dried panicles of the pistillate 
 flowers of Hagenia abyssinica. It contains 
 tannic acid, a volatile oil, and a crystalline 
 principle, koussin, Cg^E^O^. It is a valuable 
 anthelmintic against tape-worms. In large 
 doses it produces nausea and emesis. Dose 
 240 gr. (16 Gm.). Syn., Cusso; Koso; Kousso. 
 C, Infusion of (infusum cusso, B. P.). 
 Dose 4-8 oz. (118-235 Cc). 
 
 Cutal (ku'-tal). See Aluminium Borotannate. 
 
 Cutaneous (ku-ta 1 '-ne-us) [cutis]. Pertaining to 
 the skin. C. Emphysema. See Emphysema, 
 Cutaneous. C. Respiration, the transpira- 
 tion of gases through the skin. 
 
 Cuticle (ku'-tik-l) [cutis]. The epidermis or 
 scarf-skin. 
 
 Cuticolor (ku r -ti-kul-or) [cutis; color]. A term 
 descriptive of various ointments and powders 
 simulating the color of the skin and used 
 in the treatment of skin diseases. 
 
 Cuticolous (k'u-tik' '-ol-us) [cutis; colere, to in- 
 habit]. Living under the skin; said of para- 
 sitic larvas. 
 
 Cuticular (hu-tik'-u-lar). Pertaining to, re- 
 sembling, or of the nature of cuticle. 
 
 Cutification {ku-tif-ik-a' -shun) [cutis; facere, to 
 make]. The formation of skin. 
 
 Cutin (ku'-tin) [cutis]. 1. In biology, cork -sub- 
 stance; a modification of cellulose, also called 
 suberin. 2. A preparation of the muscular 
 layer of the intestine of cattle. It is used for 
 dressing wounds and as a substitute for catgut. 
 
 Cutis {ku'-tis) [L.]. The derma or true skin. 
 C. aerea, the bronze color of the skin in Addi- 
 son's disease. C. anserina. See Goose-flesh. 
 
 C. laxa. See Dermatolysis. C. testacea, 
 
 a variety of seborrhea in which the trunk 
 and extensor surfaces of the extremities are 
 covered with large, thick plates of greasy, 
 inspissated sebum, usually greenish or black- 
 ish, from accumulation of dirt upon them. 
 C. unctuosa. Synonym of Seborrhea. 
 
 Cutisector (ku-te-sek' -tor) [cutis; sector, a cutter]- 
 An instrument for taking small sections of 
 skin from the living subject. 
 
 Cutol (ku'-tol). See Aluminium Borotannate. 
 
 Cuvier's Canals. In the embryo, two short 
 vessels opening into the common trunk of the 
 omphalomesenteric veins, each being formed 
 by the union of two veins, the anterior cardinal, 
 or jugular, and the posterior cardinal veins. 
 
 Cyanacetyl (si-an-as' -et-iV) . See Acetyl Iso- 
 cyanid. 
 
 Cyanate (si'-an-at). A salt of cyanic acid. 
 
 Cyanformic (si-an-form' -ik) . Containing for- 
 mic acid and cyanogen. 
 
 Cyanic (si-an'-ik) [fcuavoc, blue]. 1. Blue or 
 bluish. 2. Relating to or containing cyano- 
 gen. C. Acid. See Acid, Cyanic. 
 
 Cyanid (si'-an-id) [nuavoc, blue]. Any com- 
 pound of cyanogen with a metal or a radicle. 
 Most of the cyanids are actively poisonous. 
 
 Cyano- (si-an-o-) [nuavoc, blue]. A prefix mean- 
 ing blue. 
 
 Cyanogen (si-an 1 '-o-jen) [cyano-; yevvdv, to 
 produce]. A radicle having the structure 
 CN, an acid compound of carbon and nitro- 
 gen, existing as a colorless, combustible gas; 
 it is exceedingly poisonous. Syn., Prussin. 
 C. Iodid, a poisonous crystalline substance 
 produced by combining cyanogen and iodin. 
 
 Cyanophil (si-an f -o-fil) [cyano-; cfrcfolv, to 
 love]. Auerbach's term for the blue- 
 staining nuclear substance of cells of plants 
 and animals. 
 
 Cyanophilic, Cyanophilous (si-an-o- fil'-ik, 
 -of'-il-us). Having an especial affinity for 
 blue or green dyes. 
 
 Cyanopia, Cyanopsia (si-an-o' -pe-ah, -op'- 
 se-ah) [cyano-; a)<p, eye]. A perverted state of 
 the vision rendering all objects blue. 
 
 Cyanosis (si-an-o 1 '-sis) [kuovoc, blue]. A bluish 
 discoloration of the skin from deficient 
 oxidation of the blood, caused by local 
 or general circulatory disturbances. C, 
 Congenital, blue disease; cyanosis due to a 
 congenital lesion of the heart or of the great 
 vessels. C, Local, the preferred term for 
 local anemia, digiti mortui, regional ischemia, 
 or local syncope. 
 
 Cyanospermia (si-an-o-sper' -me-ah) [cyano-; 
 onippia, sperm]. A condition in which the 
 semen has a bluish tint. 
 
 Cyanurea (si-an-u'-re-ah), C 2 H 3 N 3 0. An 
 amorphous body obtained from urea by 
 action of cyanogen iodid with heat. 
 
 Cyclarthrosis (sik-lar -thro' '-sis) [kukXoc, a circle; 
 apdpcooic, a joint]. A circular or rotatory 
 articulation. 
 
 Cycle (si'-kel) [kukXoc, a circle]. A period in 
 which a round of operations or events is 
 repeated; a succession of events or symptoms. 
 
 
CYCLIC 
 
 323 
 
 CYNOGLOSSUM 
 
 C, Aberrant, the establishment of communi- 
 cation between the pulmonary and bronchial 
 vessels from congestion due to mitral stenosis. 
 C, Cardiac, the complete cardiac movements 
 embracing the systolic and diastolic move- 
 ments, with the interval between them. C, 
 Cardiacovascular, the circuit of the blood 
 through the organism. C. of Generation, 
 C, Generations, Haeckel's term for the 
 successive changes through which an indi- 
 vidual passes from its birth to the period 
 when it is capable of reproducing its kind. 
 C. of Golgi, that phase of development of 
 Plasmodium malaria which occurs in human 
 blood. Cf. C. of Ross. C. of Ross, that 
 'phase of development of Plasmodium malaria 
 which occurs in the mosquito. Cf . C. of Golgi. 
 
 Cyclic (si'-klik) [cycle], i. Having cycles or 
 periods of exacerbation or change; inter- 
 mittent. 2. Having a self -limited course, as 
 certain diseases. C. Albuminuria. See 
 Albuminuria, Cyclic. C. Insanity. See In- 
 sanity, Circular. 
 
 Cyclitis (si-kli'-tis) [kukXoc, a circular body; 
 tztc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 ciliary body, manifested by a zone of 
 congestion in the sclerotic coat surround- 
 ing the cornea. It may be serous, plastic, 
 or suppurative. Iridocyclitis is the involve- 
 ment of both iris and ciliary body in the in- 
 flammatory process. 
 
 Cyclo- (si-klo-) [kukXoc, a circle]. A prefix mean- 
 ing relating to a circle or to the ciliary body. 
 
 Cyclocephalus (si-klo -sef -al-us) [cyclo-; Ke<f)aXrj, 
 head]. A species of single autositic mon- 
 sters characterized by a more or less com- 
 plete absence of the olfactory organs, 
 together with an intimate union of imperfectly 
 developed or rudimentary visual organs, sit- 
 uated in the median line. 
 
 Cyclochoroiditis (si-klo-ko-roid-i'-tis) [cyclo-; 
 choroiditis]. Combined inflammation of the 
 ciliary body and the choroid. 
 
 Cycloplegia (si-klo-ple' '-je-ah) [cyclo-; nXrjyrj, a 
 stroke]. Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the 
 eye. 
 
 Cycloplegic (si-klo-ple' -jik) . i. Relating to 
 cycloplegia. 2. A drug which paralyzes the 
 ciliary muscle. 
 
 Cyclops (si'-klops) [cyclo-; coif), eye]. A con- 
 genital malformation consisting in a fusion 
 of the two eyes into one. 
 
 Cyclotomy (si-klo? -o-me) [cyclo-; ro/tfjj section]. 
 An operation for the relief of glaucoma, con- 
 sisting of an incision through the ciliary body. 
 
 Cydonium (si-do' -ne-um) [nudujvcov, a quince]. 
 Quince-seed. The seeds of Cydonia vulgaris, 
 employed mainly for the mucilage contained 
 in the covering, which consists of a com- 
 pound of gum and glucose, and is a bland 
 demulcent; it is also used as a hair-dressing. 
 
 Cyesis (si-e'-sis) [kutjocc, pregnancy]. Preg- 
 nancy. 
 
 Cyetic (si-e?-ik) [cyesis]. Relating to pregnancy. 
 
 Cylinder (si? -in-der) [nuXtvopoc, a cylinder]. 
 1. An elongated body of the same transverse 
 diameter throughout and circular on trans- 
 
 Cylindroids. 
 
 a and b. Cast-like forms. 
 
 c. Filamentous forms. 
 
 verse section. 2. See Cast. C.s, Bence 
 Jones', long, cylindric formations derived 
 from the seminiferous tubules, sometimes 
 seen in the urine. 
 
 Cylindroadenoma (sil-in-dro-ad-en-o' -mah) . 
 An adenoma containing cylindric masses of 
 hyaline matter. 
 
 Cylindroid (sil'-in-droid) [cylinder; eldoc, 
 like ness]. A 
 name given to 
 a mucous cast 
 f r e qu e n t ly 
 found in the 
 urine in cases 
 of mild irrita- 
 tion of the kid- 
 ney. C y 1 i n- 
 droids are rib- 
 bon-like forms, 
 usually of great 
 length, and of 
 about the same 
 diameter as 
 renal casts. 
 They may as- 
 sume various 
 shapes. One 
 extremity is 
 usually pointed 
 and may be 
 drawn out into a long tail. 
 
 Cylindroma (sil-in-dro'-mah) [cylinder; o[ia, 
 a tumor]. A myxosarcoma in which the 
 degeneration is confined to areas surround- 
 ing the blood-vessels. 
 
 Cylindrosarcoma (sil-in-dro-sar-ko'-maK). A 
 tumor containing both cylindromatous and 
 sarcomatous elements. 
 
 Cylindruria (sil-in-dru' -re-ah) [cylinder; oupov, 
 urine]. The discharge of urine containing 
 hyaline casts or cylindroids. 
 
 Cyllosomus (sil-o-so' -mus) [kuXX6c, crooked; 
 oajfia, body]. A monster characterized by an 
 eventration in the side of the lower abdominal 
 region and imperfect development of the cor- 
 responding leg. 
 
 Cynanche (sin-ang'-ke) [kucov, dog; ayi^tv, to 
 strangle]. An old name for any acute affec- 
 tion of the throat, as diphtheria, croup, 
 tonsillitis, etc., in which the patient struggles 
 for breath (as a panting dog). C. dysarth- 
 ritica, sore throat sometimes resulting in 
 abscess occurring during the course of an 
 attack of arthritis. Syn., Arthritic angina. 
 C. maligna, a fatal form of sore throat. C. 
 suffocativa. Synonym of Croup. C. ton- 
 sillaris. See Quinsy. 
 
 Cynanthropia (sin-an-thro' -pe-aK) [kuojv, dog; 
 avdpojxoc, a man]. A mania in which the 
 patient believes himself a dog, and imitates 
 the actions of one. 
 
 Cynic (sin'-ik) [kuvckoc, dog-like]. Pertaining 
 to a dog. C. Spasm, a contraction of the 
 facial muscles upon one side so as to expose 
 the teeth, in the manner of an angry dog. 
 
 Cynoglossum (sin-o-glos f -um) [kuojv, dog; 
 ■fXajooaj the tongue]. A genus of boraginaceous 
 
CYNURENIC ACID 
 
 324 
 
 CYST 
 
 plants. The powdered root, leaves, and 
 flowers of C. officinale, hound's-tongue, are 
 recommended as a cure for ulcerated epithe- 
 liomas; application twice daily. 
 
 Cynurenic Acid {sin-u-ren' -ik) [see Cynurin], 
 CajH^NgOg + 2H 2 0. A crystalline acid 
 found in dog's urine. It is a decomposi- 
 tion-product of proteids. On heating it cynu- 
 rin is evolved. 
 
 Cynurin {sin' -u-rin) [kuojv, dog; olipov, urine], 
 C 18 H 14 N 2 2 . A base from cynurenic acid. 
 
 Cyotrophy {si-ot'-ro-fe) [kuoc, fetus; Tpo<f>T), 
 nourishment]. Nutrition of the fetus. 
 
 Cyperus {si-pe'-rus) \jiumcpoc, a sweet -smelling 
 marsh-plant]. A genus of sedges. C. ar- 
 ticulatus, adrue, a species of South America, 
 is antiemetic and tonic. Dose of fluidex- 
 tract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc). C. rotundus 
 is a tropical species, the tubers of which 
 are tonic and stimulant and are used in 
 treatment of cholera. 
 
 Cyprian {sip' -re-an) [island of Cyprus, the 
 original source of copper]. Containing copper. 
 
 Cypridol {sip'-rid-ol). A 1 % solution of nas- 
 cent mercuric iodid in aseptic oil; it is 
 used in syphilis (dose 3 gr. — 0.2 Gm.) and as 
 an application in skin diseases. 
 
 Cypridopathy {sip-rid-op' -ath-e) [Konpcg, Venus; 
 Ttadoc, disease]. An adenopathy of venereal 
 origin. 
 
 Cypripedium {sip-re-pe' -de-um) [Kuzpcc, Venus; 
 Tzootov, a slipper]. Lady's-slipper. The roots 
 of C. pubescens and C. parviflorum, American 
 valerian, the properties of which are due to 
 a volatile oil and an acid. It is an antispas- 
 modic and stimulant tonic, used instead of 
 valerian, which it resembles. Dose of the 
 fluidexlract 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Cyrtoid {sir'-toid) [nup-bg, curved; eldoc, 
 likeness]. Hump-like. 
 
 Cyrtometer {sir-torn' -et-er) [nuproc, curved; 
 p.hpov, a measure]. An instrument adapted 
 for measuring curves. One form is used to 
 locate the fissures of the brain. 
 
 Cyrtosis {sir-to'-sis) [Kuproc, curved]. Spinal 
 curvature. 
 
 Cyst {sisi) [kuotcc, a pouch]. A cavity con- 
 taining fluid and surrounded by a capsule. 
 C.s, Adgenic, congenital dermoid cysts ad- 
 hering to the genial tubercles. C.s, Adhyoid, 
 dermoid cysts adherent to the hyoid bone. 
 C, Adventitious, one inclosing a foreign 
 body. C, Air-, one containing gas. C., 
 Allantoic, cystic dilation of the urachus. 
 C, Apoplectic, one inclosing a cerebral effu- 
 sion of blood. C, Arachnoid, a meningeal 
 hematoma. C, Atheromatous. See Athe- 
 roma (1). C.s, Baker's, hernial protrusions 
 of the synovial membrane of the joints 
 through the fibrous capsule. C, Blood-. 
 See Hematoma. C, Boyer's, cystic enlarge- 
 ment of the subhyoid bursa. C, Branchial, 
 one formed from incomplete closure of a 
 branchial cleft in an embryo. C. of the 
 Broad Ligament, one originating in the 
 ovary and developing between the layers of 
 the broad ligament. C, Butter-, a cystic 
 
 tumor of the mammary gland containing 
 semisolid contents of yellowish-brown color 
 and of buttery consistence, that may harden 
 with exposure to the air. C, Chyle, one 
 in the mesentery containing chyle. C, Col- 
 loid, a cyst with jelly-like contents. C, 
 Compound. See C, Multilocular. C, 
 Conjunctival, a rare congenital cyst, trans- 
 parent and of the size of a pea, occurring 
 near the corneal margin. C, Cowperian, 
 C, Cowper's, a retention cyst formed in 
 Cowper's gland. C.s, Crab's-eye, small 
 vesicles which appear over Heberden's nodosi- 
 ties. C, Cutaneous. See C, Dermoid. C, 
 Daughter-, any one of the small cysts de- 
 veloped by secondary growth from the walls 
 of a large cyst. C, Dentigerous, one con- 
 taining teeth. C, Dermoid, a congenital cyst 
 containing bone, hair, teeth, etc. C, Disten 
 tion, a normal serous cavity distended with a 
 collection of watery fluid. C, Echinococcus-, 
 a cyst formed in various tissues and organs 
 of man by the larva of the Tcenia echinococcus 
 of the dog, taken into the stomach. C, 
 Extravasation, a cyst formed by the encap- 
 sulation of a hemorrhage or other fluid into 
 the tissues. C, Exudation. See C, Ex- 
 travasation. C, False. See C, Adventi- 
 tious, and C, Exudation. C, Follicular, 
 one due to the occlusion of the duct of a 
 small follicle or gland. C, Gartnerian, a 
 cystic tumor originating in Partner's ~ duct. 
 C, Hydatid. See C, Echinococcus-. C, 
 Intraligamentous. See C. of the Broad 
 Ligament. C, Involution-, multiple cystic 
 dilation of the milk -ducts after the meno- 
 pause. C, Kobelt's, a small, pedunculated 
 cyst formed by one of Kobelt's tubes. C, 
 Meibomian. See Chalazion. C, Mor- 
 gagnian. See Hydatid of Morgagni. C, 
 Mucoid, a retention cyst in a mucous follicle 
 or in the duct of a muciparous gland. C, 
 Mucous, a retention cyst containing mucus. 
 C, Multilocular, one composed of many 
 separate compartments. C.s, Nabothian, 
 small retention cysts formed by the nabothian 
 follicles. C, Neural, a cyst-like distention 
 of a lymph-space of the brain or spinal cord. 
 C, Nevoid, one with vascular walls. C, 
 Pilous, C, Pilocystic. See Pilonidal 
 Fistida. C, Proligerous, C, Recurring 
 Proliferous, a cystic adenosarcoma ; one 
 that has undergone cystic degeneration. C, 
 Renal, a cyst -like dilation of the kidney.. 
 C, Retention, one that is due. to the reten- 
 tion of the secretion of a gland, in conse- 
 quence of closure of the duct, as in mucous 
 or sebaceous cysts. C, Rice-grain, cystic 
 distention of a synovial sheath containing 
 rice-seed bodies. C, Sebaceous, a retention 
 cyst of a sebaceous gland. C, Serous, one 
 containing transparent watery fluid. C, 
 Softening, one due to encapsulation of the 
 fluid after liquef active necrosis. C, Sterile, 
 a true hydatid cyst which fails to reproduce. 
 C, Sublingual. See Ranula. C, True, 
 an abnormal cyst not formed by the dilation 
 
CYSTADENOMA 
 
 325 
 
 CYSTOPHLEGMATIC 
 
 of some canal or cavity. C, Umbilical, a 
 congenital cyst in the umbilical region said to 
 be due to shutting-off of a portion of the fetal 
 stomach. C, Unilocular, one having "but a 
 single cavity. C, Urinary, a thin-walled cyst 
 of the cortical substance of the kidney, project- 
 ing beneath the capsule and containing a clear 
 yellow fluid. C.-worm. See Cysticercus. 
 
 Cystadenoma (sist-ad-en-o'-mah) [cyst; ade- 
 noma], i. An adenoma containing cysts. 
 2. Adenoma of the bladder. C. papilli- 
 ferum, an adenoma containing cysts with 
 papillas on the inner aspect of the cyst-walls. 
 
 Cystadenosarcoma (sist-ad-en-o-sar-ko'-mah) . 
 See Cyst, Proligerous. 
 
 Cystalgia {sist-al'-je-ah) [cyst; aXyog, pain]. 
 Pain in the bladder. 
 
 Cystamin (sist'-am-in). A compound of 
 formaldehyd and ammonia, used as a bac- 
 tericide and antiseptic in cystitis and gout. 
 Dose 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.66 Gm.). 
 
 Cystanastrophe (sist-an-as'-tro-fe). See In- 
 version of Bladder. 
 
 Cystauchenotomy {sist - aw - ken - of - o - me) 
 [cyst; auyrpj, neck of bladder; ~kp.vecv, to cut]. 
 A surgical incision into the neck of the bladder. 
 
 Cystectomy (sist-ek'-to-me) [cyst; inzefivecv, to 
 cut out]. Excision of the cystic duct. 
 
 Cystein (sist'-e-in) [cyst], C^NC^S. A 
 compound obtained by reducing cystin; it 
 is a crystalline powder, soluble in water, 
 yielding an indigo -blue color with ferric 
 chlorid; in the air it rapidly oxidizes to 
 cystin. C, Reaction for. See Andreasch's 
 Reaction for Cystein. 
 
 Cystencephalus (sist-en-sef -al-us) [cyst; 
 EfK£(f)aX6c, the brain]. A form of monstrosity 
 in which the brain is replaced by a cyst-like 
 structure. 
 
 Cysterethism (sist-er' -eth-izm) [cyst; ips.dcop.6g, 
 irritation]. Irritability of the bladder. 
 
 Cysthypersarcosis {sist - hi - per - sar - ko'- sis) 
 [cyst; b%kp, over; oapKcootf, a fleshy excres- 
 cence]. Hypertrophy of the muscular walls 
 of the bladder. 
 
 Cystic (sist'-ik) [cyst]. 1. Pertaining to or 
 resembling a cyst. 2. Pertaining to the 
 urinary bladder or to the gall-bladder. 
 
 Cysticercoid (sist - e - ser' - koid) . Resembling 
 Cysticercus: applied to any encysted tape- 
 worm larva. 
 
 Cysticercus (sist-e-ser'-kus) [cyst; nipKOc, a 
 tail]. The embryo of a tape-worm when 
 it has reached the encysted stage. A 
 hydatid. C. cellulosae, the larval parasite 
 inhabiting the intermuscular connective tissue 
 of the pig, N producing the condition known 
 as "measles." It is rarely found in the tis- 
 sues of man. Its progenitor is the Tcenia solium. 
 
 Cysticolithectomy {sist -ik-o- lith - ek'-to-me) 
 [cystic duct; Xcdoc, a stone; eKxipvecv, to cut 
 out]. Von Greiffenhagen's operation for re- 
 moval of calculi from the gall-bladder, con- 
 sisting in opening the cystic duct alone and 
 leaving the gall-bladder intact. 
 
 Cysticotomy Csist-ik-ot'-o-me) [cystic duct; xopi], 
 a cutting]. Incision into the cystic duct. 
 
 Cystidolaparotomy (sist-id-o-lap-ar-of -o-me) 
 [cystic duct; laparotomy]. An abdominovesical 
 incision. 
 
 Cystidotrachelotomy (sist-id-o-trak-el-ot'-o- 
 me). See Cystauchenotomy . 
 
 Cystin (sist' -in) [cyst], C 3 H 7 N0 2 S. A substance 
 found in the urine. It occurs in regular, 
 colorless, six-sided tables, of very characteristic 
 appearance. C, Test for. See Baumann 
 and Goldmann, Liebig, Mueller. 
 
 Cystinemia (sist-in-e' -me-ah) [cystin; aliia, 
 blood]. The occurrence of cystin in the blood. 
 
 Cystinuria (sist-in-u' -re-ah) [cystin; oupov, 
 urine]. The presence of cystin in the urine. 
 
 Cystitis (sist-i 1 '-lis) [cyst; ncc, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the bladder. 
 
 Cystitome (sist' -it-om) . See Cystotome. 
 
 Cysto- (sis-to-) [kCoxcc, bladder]. A prefix de- 
 noting relation to the bladder. 
 
 Cystocele (sist'-o-sel) [cysto-; ktjXt), a hernia]. 
 A hernia of the bladder. 
 
 Cystocolostomy (sist-o-kol-os' -tom-e) [cysto-; 
 colostomy]. The surgical establishment of a per- 
 manent passage from the bladder to the colon. 
 
 Cystoenterocele (sist-o-en'-ter-o-sel) [cysto-; 
 evxepov, an intestine; /oj^,a hernia]. A hernia 
 containing a part of the bladder-and intestine. 
 
 Cystoepiplocele (sist-o-ep-ip' -lo-sel) [cysto-; 
 kninXoov, the omentum; ktjXt), a hernia]. 
 Hernia of the bladder and of the omentum. 
 
 Cystoepithelioma (sist-o-ep-ilh-e-le-o'-mah) 
 [cysto-; epithelioma]. An epithelioma contain- 
 ing cysts filled with fluid. 
 
 Cystogen (sist'-o-jen). See Formin. 
 
 Cystogenia, Cystogenesis (sist-o-je'-ne-ah, sisl- 
 o-jen'-e-sis) [cysto-; ytvvav, to produce]. The 
 formation or genesis of cysts. 
 
 Cystohemia (sist-o-he' -me-ah) [cysto-; alua, 
 blood]. A congested condition of the bladder. 
 
 Cystoid (sist'-oid) [cyst; dooc, likeness]. 1. 
 Having the form or appearance of a cyst. 2. 
 Composed of a collection of cysts. 3. A 
 pseudocyst. 
 
 Cystoma (sist-o'-mah) [cyst; opa, a tumor]. 
 A newgrowth made up of cysts; applied 
 especially to ovarian cysts. C. glandulare 
 proliferum, C. proliferum papillare, 
 proliferating cystoma, a cystic formation 
 derived from gland-ducts and acini. It is 
 the most common form of ovarian and pan- 
 creatic cystoma; the lining of the inner 
 wall consists of epithelium showing papillo- 
 matous growths or crypts resembling the acini 
 of a gland. Syn., Cylindrocellular adenoma. 
 
 Cystomyoma (sist-o-mi-o'-mah). A myoma 
 containing cysts. 
 
 Cystomyxoadenoma (sist - - miks - - ad - 
 en-o'-mah). Cystomyxoma with adenoma. 
 
 Cystomyxoma (sist-o-miks-o'-mah). A myx- 
 oma containing cysts. 
 
 Cystoneuralgia (sist-o-nu-ral'-je-ah) [cysto-; neu- 
 ralgia]. Neuralgia of the bladder; cystalgia. 
 
 Cystopexy (sist' -o-peks-e) [cysto-; tj^ic, fixation]. 
 Fixation of the bladder, an operation for the 
 cure of cystocele. 
 
 Cystophlegmatic (sist-o-fleg-mat'-ik) [cysto-; 
 cpXiypa, phlegm]. Pertaining to vesical mucus. 
 
CYSTOPYELITIS 
 
 326 
 
 CYTOPHIL 
 
 Cystopyelitis {sist-o-pi-el-i' -tis) [cysto-; pyelitis). 
 Inflammation of the urinary bladder and the 
 pelvis of the kidney. 
 
 Cystopyelonephritis {sist-o-pi-e-lo-nej-ri' -tis) . 
 See Cystopyelitis. 
 
 Cystopyic {sist-o-pi'-ik). Relating to suppura- 
 tion of the bladder. 
 
 Cystorectostomy {sist-o-rek-tos' -to-me) [cysto-; 
 rectum; ozojia, a mouth]. The formation of 
 a fistula between the rectum and bladder. 
 
 Cystorrhaphy {sist-or'-af-e) [cysto-; pa^-q, a 
 seam]. . Suture of the bladder. 
 
 Cystorrhea (sist-or-e'-ah) [cysto-; po'ca, a flow], 
 i. Vesical catarrh. 2. Vesical hemorrhage. 
 3. Polyuria. 
 
 Cystosarcoma {sist-o-sar-ko' '-mah) [cysto-; sar^ 
 coma]. Miiller's name for a sarcoma contain- 
 ing cysts. 
 
 Cystoschisis {sist-osk f -is-is) [cysto-; 0x101$, a 
 cleaving]. A congenital fissure of the urin- 
 ary bladder from imperfect development. 
 
 Cystoscirrhus {sist-o-skir' -us) [cysto-; oiuppbc, 
 an induration]. Scirrhus of the urinary blad- 
 der. 
 
 Cystoscope {sist'-o-skdp) [cysto-; okoizuv, to 
 examine]. An instrument for inspecting the 
 interior of the bladder. 
 
 Cystose {sist'-os) [cyst\ Cystic; full of cysts. 
 
 Cystospermitis {sist-o-sperm-i 1 '-tis) [cysto-; 
 07iipp.a, a seed; tzic, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the seminal vesicles. 
 
 Cystosteatoma {sist-o-ste-at-o'-mah). See Cyst, 
 Sebaceous. 
 
 Cystotome {sist' -o-tdm) [see Cystotomy]. A 
 knife used in cystotomy; also a knife used in 
 rupturing the capsule of the lens in cataract 
 operations. 
 
 Cystotomy {sist-of '-o-me) [cysto-; zo/itj, a cutting]. 
 
 1. Incision of the bladder. 2. Surgical divi- 
 sion of the anterior capsule. 
 
 Cy stotrachelotomy {sist-o-trak-el-ot f -o-me) . 
 See Cystauchenotomy . 
 
 Cytameba, Cytamoeba {sit-am-e'-bah). See 
 Plasmodium malarice. 
 
 Cytase (si'-tdz). Metchnikoff's name for com- 
 plement. 
 
 Cy taster {si-tas'-ter). The same as Aster. 
 
 Cytisin {sit'-is-in) [kuzcooc, a kind of clover], 
 C 2 oH 27 N 3 0. A poisonous alkaloid from 
 Cytisus laburnum, the common laburnum, 
 indigenous to the higher mountains of Europe 
 and widely cultivated. C. Hydrochlorate, 
 C n H 14 N 2 . HC1. It is a nervine. Dose ^V - 
 •jig- gr. (0.003-0.005 Gm.) subcutaneously. 
 C. Nitrate, C n H 14 N 2 . (HN0 3 ) 2 + 2 H 2 0, 
 used as is cytisin hydrochlorate. 
 
 Cytitis {si-ti'-tis) [cutis; czee, inflammation]. 
 Dermatitis. 
 
 Cyto- {si-to-) [kuzoc, a cell]. A prefix denoting 
 relating to a cell. 
 
 Cytoblast {si' -to -blast) [cyto-; filaozbc, a 
 germ]. 1. In biology, applied to the nucleus 
 of a cell; also one of the ameboid cytodes 
 going to make up the cytoblastema of sponges. 
 
 2. One of the hypothetic ultimate vital units 
 of the cell. See Bioblast. 3. Any naked 
 cell or protoblast. 
 
 Cytoblastema (si-to-blas-te'-mah). See Blastema. 
 
 Cytochemism {si-to-kem' -izm) [cyto-; pj^e/a, 
 chemistry]. The reaction of the living cell to 
 chemic reagents, antitoxins, etc. 
 
 Cytochemistry {si-to-kem' -is-tre). The chem- 
 istry of living cells. 
 
 Cytochrome {si'-to-krom) [cyto-; %pu)/ia, color]. 
 A term applied by Nissl to nerve-cells deficient 
 in cell-protoplasm, the nucleus not being com- 
 pletely surrounded. The nucleus stains well 
 and is about the size of the leukocyte nucleus. 
 
 Cytoclasis {si-to -kla' -sis) [cyto-; aXav, to break; 
 to weaken]. Cell-necrosis. 
 
 Cytode {si'-tod) [cyto-; eldoc, form]. The sim- 
 plest, most primitive form of cell, without nu- 
 cleus or nucleolus. 
 
 Cytodendrite {si-to-den' -drtt) [cyto-; divdpov, sl 
 tree]. Lenhossek's term for a truemedullated, 
 cellulifugally conducting collateral fibril of a 
 nerve-cell. Cf. Axodendrite. 
 
 Cytodiagnosis {si-to-di-ag-no'-sis). The deter- 
 mination of the nature of a pathogenic liquid 
 by the study of the cells it contains. 
 
 Cytodistal (si-to-dis'-tal) [cyto-; distare, to stand 
 apart]. Applied to that portion of an axon 
 furthest removed from its cell of origin. 
 
 Cytogenesis {si-to-jen' -es-is) [cyto-; yeveocc, pro- 
 duction]. The formation or genesis of the 
 cell. 
 
 Cytoglobin {si-to-glo' -bin) [cyto-; globus, a ball]. 
 An albuminoid, obtainable in the form of a 
 white, soluble powder. It forms about 3 % of 
 the pulp of the lymphatic glands. 
 
 Cytohydrolist {si-to-hi' -dro-list) [cyto-; hydroly- 
 sis]. An agent producing hydrolysis of cellu- 
 lar substance. 
 
 Cytolymph {si' -to -Urn f) [cyto-; lympha, clear 
 water]. The ground-substance or matrix of 
 the cytoplasm of cells. 
 
 Cytolysin {si-toV -is-in) [cyto-; Xbocq, a loosing]. 
 A substance capable of destroying cells, and 
 resulting from inoculation by organic products. 
 Cf. Epitheliolysin, Leuko cytolysin, Nephroly- 
 sin, Spermolysin. 
 
 Cytolysis {si-tol'-is-is). Cell-dissolution. 
 
 Cytolytic .{si-to-lit'-ik). Relating to or con- 
 cerned in cell-destruction. 
 
 Cytometer {si-tom' -et-er) [cyto-; fikxpov, a meas- 
 ure]. A device for counting cells, especially 
 blood-corpuscles. See also Hemo cytometer. 
 
 Cytomicrosome {si-to-mik' -ro-som) [cyto-; p.c- 
 Kpoc, small; ooo/ia, body]. A microsome of 
 cytoplasm. 
 
 Cytomitoma {si-to -mi-to'-mah) [cyto-; n'czog, a 
 fiber]. The fibrillar part of a cell-body. See 
 Mi tome. 
 
 Cytomorphosis {si-to-mor-fo'-sis)^ [cyto-; p.6p- 
 (pujocc, a, shaping].' A term proposed by 
 Minot to designate comprehensively all the 
 structural alterations which cells or successive 
 generations of cells may undergo from the 
 earliest undifferentiated stage to their final 
 destruction. 
 
 Cytophagy {si-tof '-aj-e) [cyto-; (fraye'ev, to de- 
 vour]. The englobing of cells by other cells. 
 
 Cytophil {si f -to-fil) [cyto-; (j>delv, to love]. The 
 haptophorous group of the intermediary body 
 
CYTOPLASM 
 
 327 
 
 DACRYURIA 
 
 with which it combines with the receptor of 
 the cell. 
 
 Cytoplasm, Cytoplasma (si'-to-plazm, -plaz'- 
 mah) [cyto-; nXaofia, anything formed], i. 
 Protoplasm. 2. Cell -plasm other than that 
 of the nucleus; the paraplasm and endo- 
 plasm of a cell. 
 
 Cytoplastin (si-to-plas' '-tin) [cyto-; TiXaooecv, to 
 mold]. Schwartz's name for cell-protoplasm. 
 
 Cytoproximal (si-to-proks' -im-al) [cyto-; proxi- 
 mare, to draw near]. A term applied to 
 that portion of an axon nearest its cell of 
 origin. 
 
 Cytoreticulum (si-to-ret-ik' -u-lum) [cyto-; retic- 
 ulum, a little net]. Same as Cytomitoma. 
 
 Cytoryctes (si-tor -ik'-tez) [cyto-; dupKr-qc, a dig- 
 ger]. Name given by Guarnieri (1892) to in- 
 tracellular bodies produced by inoculating 
 vaccine lymph into the cornea of rabbits. 
 They are regarded by him and by Wasielew- 
 sky as cellular parasites and as the causative 
 agents of vaccinia. Huchel regards them as 
 the products of a specific degeneration of the 
 cytoplasm induced by the vaccine virus. Syn., 
 Guarnieri 's vaccine-bodies. 
 
 Cytosome (si' -to-som) [cyto-; aw/xa, a body]. 
 A cell-body as distinguished from the nucleus. 
 
 Cytospongium (si-to-spun' -je-um) [cyto-; o-koj- 
 yoc, sponge]. The cell network or spongio- 
 plasm containing in its meshes the hyalo- 
 plasm. Cf. Mitome and Paramitome. 
 
 Cytothesis (si-to-the' -sis) [cyto-; Qkacg, a placing 
 or arranging]. Cell-repair. 
 
 Cytotoxin (si-to-toks'-in). See Cytolysin. Cf. 
 Hemotoxin, Hepatotoxin, Leukotoxin, Neph- 
 ro toxin, Spermatoxin. 
 
 Cytozoon (si-to-zo'-on) [cyto-; £<pov, animal]. A 
 protoplasmic cell-mass, probably parasitic in 
 nature, with independent movement; found 
 by Gaule in denbrinated blood and other 
 structures. 
 
 Czermak's Interglobular Spaces. Irregu- 
 lar branched spaces in the crusta petrosa and 
 enamel of the teeth. 
 
 Czerny-Trunecek's Method. A method of 
 treating cutaneous epitheliomas : by cauteriza- 
 tion, or by the application, with a brush, after 
 scarification, of the following solution: arsenic 
 trioxid, 1 Gm.; ethyl-alcohol and distilled 
 water, each, 40-50 Cc. 
 
 D 
 
 D. An abbreviation of dexter, right; diopter; 
 and detur, let it be given. 
 
 Da Costa's Disease. Retrocedent gout. 
 
 Dacry-, Dacryo- (dak-re-, dak-re-o-) [dattpuov, a 
 tear]. Prefixes signifying pertaining to the 
 tears or tear-ducts. 
 
 Dacryadenitis, Dacryoadenitis (dak-re-ad- 
 en-i'-tis, dak-re-o-ad-en-i'-tis) [dacry-; ddrjv, 
 a gland; ntc, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of a lacrimal gland. 
 
 Dacryadenoscirrhus (dak-re-ad-en-o-skir'-us) 
 [dacry-; ddrjv, a gland; oncppoc, hard]. An 
 indurated tumor of the lacrimal gland. 
 
 Dacryagog, Dacryagogue (dak f - re-a - gog) 
 [dacry-; dycoyoc, leading]. 1. Inducing tears. 
 2. An agent causing a flow of tears. 
 
 Dacrygelosis (dak-re-jel-o' -sis) [dacry-; yiXcoc, 
 laughter]. Alternate weeping and laughing. 
 
 Dacryocyst (dak'-re-o-sist) [dacryo-; cyst]. The 
 lacrimal sac. 
 
 Dacryocystalgia (dak-re-o-sist-al'-je-ah) [dac- 
 ryocyst; aX-roc, pain]. Pain in the lacrimal sac. 
 
 Dacryocystitis (dak-re-o-sis-ti'-tis) [dacryocyst; 
 ace, inflammation]. Inflammation of the lac- 
 rimal sac. D. blennorrhoica, purulent in- 
 flammation of the lacrimal sac. D. phleg- 
 monosa, inflammation of the tissues com- 
 posing the lacrimal sac and of the surround- 
 ing soft parts. 
 
 Dacryocystoblennorrhea (dak-re-o-sis-to-blen- 
 or-e'-ah) [dacryocyst; blennorrhea]. Chronic 
 inflammation of the lacrimal sac with a muco- 
 purulent discharge. 
 
 Dacryocystotome (dak-re-o-sis f -to-torn) [dac- 
 ryocyst]. An instrument for dividing stric- 
 tures of the lacrimal passages. 
 
 Dacryocystotomy (dak-re-o-sist-ot'-o-me). In- 
 cision of the lacrimal sac. 
 
 Dacryohemorrhea (dak-re-o - hem-or-e'-ah) 
 [dacryo-; alp.a, blood; po ca, a flow]. The weep- 
 ing of bloody tears. 
 
 Dacryolin (dak'-re-o-lin). The albuminous 
 material in tears. 
 
 Dacryolite (dak'-re-o-lit). See Dacryolith. 
 
 Dacryolith (dak' -re-o-liih) [dacryo-; X'cOoc, a 
 stone]. A calcareous concretion in the lac- 
 rimal passages. 
 
 Dacryoma (dak-re-o' -mah) [dacryo-; 5/j.a, tu- 
 mor]. 1. A lacrimal tumor. 2. Obstruction 
 of the lacrimal puncta, causing epiphora. 
 
 Dacryon (dak'-re-on). See under Craniometric 
 Point. 
 
 Dacryops (dak' -re-ops) [dacryo-; o<p, eye]. 1. 
 watery eye. 2. A cyst of the duct of a lac- 
 rimal gland. 
 
 Dacryopyorrhea (dak-re-o-pi-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; 
 pyorrhea]. Purulent lacrimation. 
 
 Dacryorrhea (dak-re-or-e'-ah) [dacryo-; po'ca, a 
 flow]. An excessive flow of tears. 
 
 Dacryosolenitis (dak-re-o-so-len-i'-tis) [dacryo-; 
 awX-qv, a pipe; crcc, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of a lacrimal duct. 
 
 Dacryuria (dak-re-u' -re-ah) [dacryo-; oupov, 
 urine]. The enuresis which accompanies 
 weeping in cases of hysteria, fright, or ner- 
 vousness. 
 
DACTYL 
 
 328 
 
 DAPHNE 
 
 Dactyl {dak' -til) [dcLKTuloc , a finger]. A digit; a 
 finger or a toe. 
 
 Dactylate (dak' -til-dt) [dactyl]. Resembling a 
 finger. Possessing five rays or appendages. 
 
 Dactylic (dak' -til-ik) . Pertaining to a finger or 
 a toe. 
 
 Dactyliferous (dak-til-if -er-us) [dactyl; ferre, 
 to bear]. i. Having fingers or finger- 
 like parts, organs, or appendages. 2. 
 [aaKzuloc, a date, so called because shaped 
 like a dactyl.] Date-bearing, as Phoenix dac- 
 tylifera, the date-palm. 
 
 Dactylion (dak-til' -e -on). See Syndactylia. 
 
 Dactylitis (dak-til-V -tis) [dactyl; tree, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of a finger or a toe. 
 D. syphilitica, a rare tertiary-syphilitic 
 affection of the fingers and toes, consisting 
 of a gummatous infiltration of the subcutaneous 
 connective tissue and of the fibrous portions of 
 the joints and bones. It is accompanied by 
 great deformity, and should be distinguished 
 ffom a similar affection of the muscular tissues, 
 called by Lewin phalangitis syphilitica. 
 Syn., Paronychia syphilitica. 
 
 Dactylocampsodynia (dak-til-o-kamp-so-din' - 
 e-ah) [dactyl; Kapupic, a bending; douvrj, pain]. 
 Painful flexion of the fingers or toes. 
 
 Dactylose, Dactylous (dak'-til-dz, -us). See 
 Dactylate. 
 
 Dadyl (dad' 41). Blanchet and Sell's name for 
 a camphene produced by the action of lime on 
 artificial camphor. 
 
 Daemonorops (de-mon'-o-rops) [dacfxajv, a devil; 
 pd>(l>, a shrub]. A genus of plants of the order 
 Palmce. The inspissated juice of D. draco, 
 a palm of Malaya, constitutes the finest 
 cjragon's-blood. D. grandis, same habitat as 
 D. draco, affords a variety of dragon's-blood. 
 
 Dahlia (dahl'-ya) [Dahl, a Swedish botanist], 
 A genus of composite plants. The roots of sev- 
 eral species are edible, diuretic, diaphoretic, 
 and carminative, and furnish a purple color- 
 ing-matter. The bulbs of D. variabilis, 
 a Mexican species, yield white inulin. D.- 
 paper, a purple test-paper made from 
 several species of Dahlia; acids change its 
 color to red and alkalis to green. Syn., 
 Georgina paper. D. -violet. See Pyoktanin, 
 Blue. 
 
 Dahlin (dah'-lin). 1. An anilin dye obtained 
 by the action of ethyl iodid on mauvein. It 
 gives a reddish -purple color. 2. A form of 
 inulin obtained from the roots of Inula 
 helenium. See Inulin. Syn., Aluntin; Men- 
 y anthin ; Sinistrin; Syantherin. 
 
 Dalbergia (dal-bur'-je-ah) . A genus of tropical 
 leguminous, papilionaceous plants. D. sis- 
 soo is a species of India and Afghanistan. 
 The raspings of the wood are employed 
 as an alterative. D. sympathetica is a tree of 
 the East Indies. An infusion of the bark is 
 administered in dyspepsia; the leaves are 
 applied externally in leprosy and other 
 cutaneous diseases, and internally as an 
 alterative. The seeds yield an oil used in 
 rheumatism, and the milky juice of. the root 
 is applied to ulcers. 
 
 Dal fil [Ar., "swollen leg"]. A native name for 
 elephantiasis arabum. 
 
 Dalrymple's Sign. See Stellwag's Sign. 
 
 Dalton's Law, Dalton-Henry's Law. Al- 
 though the volume of a gas absorbed by a 
 liquid remains constant, the weight (volume 
 multiplied by the density) of the absorbed gas 
 rises and falls in proportion to its pressure. 
 
 Daltonian (dal-ton'-e-an). 1. Pertaining to 
 John Dalton, an English chemist (1 766-1844). 
 2. A color-blind person. 
 
 Daltonism (dal'-ton-izm). Color-blindness. 
 
 Dam. See Rubber-dam. 
 
 Damar, Damaria (dam'-ar, dam-a'-re-ah). See 
 Dammar. 
 
 Dambose (dam'-boz) [n'dambo, the African 
 name], C 6 H 12 6 . A glucose derived from 
 Gaboon caoutchouc. It forms hexagonal 
 prisms, melts at 212 C, and is soluble in 
 water. 
 
 Damiana (dam-e-an' -ah) . The leaves of Tur- 
 nera aphrodisiaca, found in Mexico and 
 lower California; a stimulant tonic and aph- 
 rodisiac. It is the basis of a great number of 
 quack remedies. Dose of the extract 2-10 
 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.); of the fluidextract 10 
 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc); of the leaves 1 oz. 
 (3 Cc.) daily. All unof. 
 
 Dammar (dam'-ar) [Hind., damar, resin]. A 
 gum or resin produced by various species of 
 Dammara and other trees. Syn., Damar; 
 Dammar ia ; Resina damar a. D., True, is 
 obtained from the Dammara orientalis, a co- 
 niferous tree indigenous in the East Indies, 
 and also from Dammara australis, in New 
 Zealand. D. -varnish, a mounting medium 
 used in microscopy; it is made by adding 10 
 parts of white dammar to 20 parts of benzene, 
 decanting after 24 to 48 hours, and adding 
 4 parts of pure oil of turpentine. 
 
 Dammaran (dam-ar'-an). A neutral resin 
 obtained from dammar. 
 
 Dammarin (dam'-ar-in). A resin extracted 
 from dammar. 
 
 Damoiseau's Curve. See Ellis' Sign. 
 
 Damper (damp'-er) [ME., dampen, to choke]. 
 
 1. A shutter placed in a flue to control draft. 
 
 2. A device attached to a galvanometer to 
 control the secondary currents. 
 
 Dance, St. Vitus'. See Chorea. 
 
 Dance's Sign. A depression about the right 
 flank or iliac fossa, regarded by Dance as in- 
 dicating invagination of the cecum. 
 
 Dancing Mania. See Choromania. 
 
 Dandelion (dan' -de-li-on) . See Taraxacum. 
 
 Dandruff (dan' -druf) [origin unknown]. The 
 scurf or scales formed upon the scalp in 
 seborrhea. 
 
 Dandy Fever (dan' -de). See Dengue. 
 
 Danielssen's Disease. Anesthetic leprosy. 
 
 Dansomania (dan-so-ma'-ne-ah). See Choro- 
 mania. 
 
 Danta (dan'-tah) [Sp.]. The American tapir, 
 Tapirus americanus ; the powdered hoofs are 
 employed as a sudorific and ae a remedy for 
 epilepsy. 
 
 Daphne (daf'-ne). See Mezereon. 
 
DAPHNIN 
 
 329 
 
 DEAFNESS 
 
 Daphnin {daf'-nin) [oacf>vr], laurel], C 16 H 16 9 + 
 2H 2 0. A glucosid from the bark of several 
 species of Daphne. 
 
 D'Arcet's Metal. See Metal, D'Arcet's. 
 
 Darier's Disease. Psorospermose follicu- 
 laire; keratosis follicularis. 
 
 Darkschewitsch's Fibers. A tract of nerve- 
 fibers extending from the optic tract to the 
 ganglion of the habenula. D.'s Nucleus, a 
 nucleus situated on each side of the median line 
 in the gray matter near the junction of the 
 sylvian aqueduct with the third ventricle. 
 
 Dartoid (dar'-toid) [dartos; etdoc, likeness]. 
 Resembling or consisting of the dartos. 
 
 Dartos {dar'-tos) \oapxbg, flayed]. The con- 
 tractile musculofibrous layer beneath the skin 
 of the scrotum. 
 
 Dartrous {dar'-trus) [Fr., dartre]. Of the nature 
 of tetter or herpes; herpetic. 
 
 Darwin's Ear. A congenital deformity of the 
 ear in which the helix is absent at the upper 
 outer angle of the ear so that the free border 
 forms a sharp point upward and outward. In 
 another form a blunt point {Darwin's tubercle) 
 projects from the upper portion of the helix 
 toward the center of the ear. 
 
 Darwinism {dar r -win-izm) . The doctrine that 
 higher organisms have been developed from 
 lower forms by the influence of natural selec- 
 tion, a theory advocated by Charles Darwin. 
 
 Datura {da-tu' -rah) [Hind., dhatura, a certain 
 plant]. A genus of Solanacece, or nightshade 
 family. D. arbor ea is a South American spe- 
 cies; the leaves are used as an emollient. 
 D. ceratocaula is indigenous to tropical Amer- 
 ica; its properties are similar to those of D. 
 stramonium. D. fastuosa is found through- 
 out the tropics of the old world. The root is 
 administered by Mohammedan physicians in 
 epilepsy. The fruit, seeds, and leaves are used 
 in poultices for boils, carbuncles, and in the 
 treatment of herpetic diseases. A tincture 
 and decoction are given as a remedy for 
 asthma. The plant is poisonous and soporific, 
 and is used in India as an intoxicant, and by 
 
 . professional poisoners for killing newborn 
 female infants. Cf. Dhatureas. D. metel 
 possesses qualities similar to D. fastuosa. 
 D. sanguinea is a South American spe- 
 cies, the floripondio of Peru, from the seeds 
 of which an intoxicating beverage called 
 tonga is prepared. Taken alone and in large 
 doses it produces furious delirium, but dil- 
 uted is a soporific. The seeds are used in 
 the preparation of an ointment. D. stra- 
 monium is the thorn-apple. See Stramonium. 
 
 Daturin {da-tu'-rin) [see Datura], C 17 H 23 - 
 N0 3 . A poisonous alkaloid from Datura 
 stramonium, identical with hyoscyamin and 
 isomeric with atropin. It is employed 
 in the treatment of mania, epilepsy, neural- 
 gia, rheumatism, syphilis, cancer, pains, 
 spasms, asthma, and as a hypnotic in insanity. 
 Dose 2F0""!?? g r - (0.0003-0.001 Gm.). Treat- 
 ment in case of poisoning: emetics, stomach- 
 pump, castor-oil. D. Hydrochlorate, C 17 - 
 H„NOoHCl. Uses and dose same as of da- 
 
 turin. D., Light, hyoscyamin, obtained by 
 Ladenburg from Datura stramonium. D. 
 Sulfate, (C ]7 H 23 N0 3 ) 2 H 2 S0 4 . Uses and dose 
 same as of daturin. 
 
 Daturism {dat'-u-rizm) [see Datura]. Stra- 
 monium-poisoning. 
 
 Dauciform {daw' -si-form). See Daucoid. 
 
 Daucoid {daw'-koid) \0auK0v, the carrot; eldoc; 
 likeness]. Resembling a carrot; dauciform. 
 
 Daucus {daw'-kus) [dauKov, the carrot]. A genus 
 of plants of the order JJmbelliferoe. D. carota, 
 the carrot, is a cultivated biennial indigenous 
 to Europe and the Orient. The root contains 
 sugar, starch, pectin, malic acid, albumin, a 
 volatile oil, and a crystalline coloring-mat- 
 ter {carotin). It is a stimulant when applied 
 to indolent ulcers, and is fed to horses to render 
 the coat glossy. The aromatic seeds (fruit) 
 are diuretic and are used in dropsy and neph- 
 ritic complaints. D. gingidium, a species 
 indigenous to Europe and northern Africa, 
 yields a gum-resin, bdellium siculum. 
 
 Daughter {daw'-ter). A female child or de- 
 scendant. D.-cell. See Cell, Daughter-. 
 D.-cyst. See Cyst, Daughter-. D. -nuclei. 
 See Karyokinesis. D.-star, an amphiaster. 
 See Karyokinesis. 
 
 Davidsohn's Sign. The illumination of the 
 pupil obtained on placing an electric light in 
 the mouth will be less marked on the side on 
 which there is a tumor or empyema of the 
 antrum of Highmore. 
 
 Davy's Test for Phenol. To 1 or 2 drops of 
 the phenol solution add 3 or 4 drops of a so- 
 lution of 1 part molybdic acid in 10 or more 
 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid. A pale 
 yellowish-brown coloration is produced, which 
 passes to reddish-brown and then to a beauti- 
 ful purple. 
 
 Day-blindness. See Nyctalopia and Hemer- 
 alopia. 
 
 Deacidification {de-as-id-if-ik-a'-shun). The 
 act or process of neutralizing an acid. 
 
 Deaf {def) [AS., deaf]. Lacking the sense of 
 hearing; in a condition of impaired hearing. 
 D. -mutism, the state of being both deaf and 
 dumb; the deafness may be congenital or ac- 
 quired, and prevent the individual from learn- 
 ing to speak. D. -mutism, Hysteric, a con- 
 dition of deaf-mutism of sudden development, 
 due to hysteria. 
 
 Deafness {def'-nes) [deaf]. The state of being 
 deaf. Deafness may be due to disease of 
 the external auditory canal, the middle ear, 
 the internal ear, thp auditory nerve, or the 
 brain. D., Boilermakers', deafness result- 
 ing from working among machinery, and char- 
 acterized by inability to hear ordinary conver- 
 sation, while hearing power is increased amid 
 loud noise. D . , Cerebral, that due to a brain- 
 lesion. D., Cortical, that due to disease of 
 the cortical centers for hearing. D . , Psychic, 
 inability to recognize or understand the sounds 
 heard, due to destruction of the central area of 
 the auditory center. D., Speech-, a variety 
 of psychic deafness resembling word-deafness, 
 except that the faculty of repeating and writing 
 
DEALBATE 
 
 330 
 
 DECIDUA 
 
 after dictation is not lost. D., Word-. 
 D., Psychic. 
 
 Dealbate (de-al'-bat) [dealbatus, whitewashed]. 
 In biology, coated with a fine white down or 
 powder. 
 
 Dealbation (de-al-ba' -shun) [see Dealbate]. 
 The process or act of becoming or being 
 made white, as by bleaching. 
 
 Dealcoholization (de -al - ko-hol-i-za' -shun) . 
 The removal of alcohol from an object 
 or compound used in microscopic technic. 
 D. -agent, a liquid employed for the purpose 
 of getting rid of the alcohol in preserved 
 specimens, and to facilitate the penetration 
 of paraffin in microtomy. 
 
 Deambulation (de-am-bu-la' -shun) [deambu- 
 lare, to take a walk]. Gentle exercise as 
 by walking. 
 
 Deanesthesiant (de-an-es-the'-ze-ant) [de, from; 
 dvacadfjoca, want of feeling]. A means for 
 arousing the system from a state of anesthesia. 
 
 Deaquation (de-ak-wa' '-shun) [de, from; aqua, 
 water]. The act or process of removing water 
 from a substance. 
 
 Deargentation (de-ar-jen-ta' '-shun) [deargen- 
 tare, to plate with silver]. The act or process 
 of silvering. 
 
 Dearterialization (de-ar-te-re-al-i-za' -shun) [de, 
 from; arterial ization]. The transformation 
 of the blood from the arterial to the venous 
 state. Cf. Atmospherization. 
 
 Dearticulation (de-ar-tik-u-la'-shun). See Di- 
 arthrosis, Disarticulation, Dislocation. 
 
 Death (deth) [AS., death]. The cessation 
 of life. D., Binsical, death preceded by 
 mania. D., Black, an exceedingly fata 
 epidemic called the "plague," which occurred 
 in Europe during the fourteenth century, 
 and during which, it is estimated, 20,000,000 
 persons died. D., Local, death of a part. 
 D., Molecular, death of individual cells; 
 ulceration. D., Muscular, a state of the 
 muscles in which they no longer react to 
 stimuli. D., Somatic, death of the organism 
 as a whole. 
 
 Deauration (de-aw-ra'-shun) [deaurare, to 
 gild]. The act or process of gilding. 
 
 Debilitant (de-b 11' -it-ant) [debilitare, to weaken]. 
 1. An agent allaying excitement. 2. Weak- 
 ening. 
 
 Debility (de-biV -it-e) . See Asthenia. D., 
 Nervous. See Neurasthenia. 
 
 Debove's Disease. Splenomegaly. D.'s 
 Membrane. See Membrane, Debove's. 
 
 Debridement (da-bred-mon(g)) [Ft.]. The 
 enlargement of a wound or hernia in oper- 
 ating. 
 
 Deca- (dek-a-) [dim, ten]. Ten; prefixed to 
 the units of weight, capacity, and length in 
 the metric system, it signifies a measure ten 
 times as large as the unit. See Metric 
 System. 
 
 Decalcification (de-kal-sif-ik-a'-shun) [de, priv.; 
 calx, lime; facere, to make]. The withdrawal 
 of the lime-salts of bone. 
 
 Decalcify (de-kaV -sif-i) [see Decalcification]. 
 To remove lime-salts from tissues. 
 
 Decalvant (de-kal'-vant) [decalvans, depila- 
 tory]. Destroying hair. 
 
 Decantation (de-kan-ta' -shun) [de, down; 
 cantus, a side]. The operation of removing 
 the supernatant fluid from a sediment. 
 
 Decapitation (de-kap-it-a' -shun) [de, from; 
 caput, head]. The act of beheading, espe- 
 cially as performed on the fetus when other 
 means of delivery have failed. 
 
 Decarbonated (de-kar'-bon-a-ted). Deprived 
 of carbonic acid. 
 
 Decarbonization, Decarburation, Decarbu- 
 rization (de-kar-bon-i-za' -shun, de-kar-bu-ra' - 
 shun, de-kar-bu-ri-za' -shun). The act or pro- 
 cess of freeing a substance from carbon. 
 
 Decay (de-ka') [de, down; cadere, to fall]. 
 1. Putrefactive change. 2. The ultimate kata- 
 bolic state; decline of life, of health, or of 
 one or more functions. 
 
 Decemcostate (de-sem-kos'-tdt) [decern, ten; 
 cosla, a rib]? Having ten ribs. 
 
 Decemfid (de' '-sem-fid) [decern; findere, to divide]. 
 Cut into ten parts. 
 
 Decemipara (de-sem-ip' -ar-ah) [decern; parere, 
 to bring forth]. A woman pregnant for the 
 tenth time. 
 
 Decentered (de-sent' -erd) [de, from; center]. 
 Out of common center; said of lenses as to 
 focus, or of masses as to equilibrium, etc. 
 
 Decentration (de-sen-tra' -shun) [see Decentered]. 
 Removal from a center. 
 
 Decerebrated (de-ser'-e-bra-ted). Decerebrized. 
 
 Decerebrize (de-ser' -e-brlz) [de, from; cere- 
 brum]. To remove the brain, as of a frog, 
 in physiologic experiments; decerebrate. 
 
 Deci- (des-e-) [decern, ten]. A prefix which, 
 joined to the metric units of length, capacity, 
 and weight, signifies a measure one-tenth 
 as large as the unit. See Metric System. 
 
 Decidua (de-sid' -u-ah) [deciduus, a falling 
 off]. The mucous membrane which lines 
 the uterus and surrounds the ovum during 
 pregnancy. Syn., Decidua membrana; De- 
 cidua tunica. D., Catamenial. See D., 
 Menstrual. D., Epichorial. See D. reflexa. 
 D. graviditatis, the menstrual decidua 
 during pregnancy. D., Interuteroplacen- 
 tal. See D. serotina. D. membrana. See 
 Decidua. D., Menstrual, the outer layer of 
 the uterine mucosa which is shed during men- 
 struation. In membranous dysmenorrhea it 
 is discharged in pieces before disintegration. 
 Syn., Catamenial decidua. D. placentalis 
 subchorialis, the layer of the maternal pla- 
 centa lying next the chorion. Syn., Decidua 
 subchorialis. D. reflexa, that part of the 
 decidua growing about the ovum and inclosing 
 it as a sac. D. serotina, that part of the de- 
 cidua vera upon which the ovum lies, and from 
 which the placenta is subsequently formed. 
 D. serotina, Glandular. See D. serotina, 
 Uterine. D. serotina, Placental, that por- 
 tion of decidua serotina which is in contact 
 with the parts or cotyledons of the placenta, 
 as distinguished from the uterine decidua 
 serotina. D. serotina, Uterine, the outer 
 layer of the decidua serotina: the glandular 
 
DECIDUATION 
 
 331 
 
 DECUSSATION 
 
 decidua serotina. D. subchorialis. See D. 
 placentalis subchorialis. D. tuberosa et 
 polyposa, a form of decidual endometritis 
 characterized by a roughened condition and 
 polypoid growths of the uterine mucosa. 
 D. vera, the thickened, vascular, spongy 
 mucous membrane of the gravid uterus. 
 
 Deciduation (de-sid-u-a' '-shun) . The act or 
 process of dropping off or shedding. 
 
 Deciduitis (de-sid-u-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
 the decidual membranes of the gravid uterus. 
 
 Deciduoma (de-sid-u-o'-mah) [decidua; op.a, 
 a tumor]. An intrauterine tumor containing 
 decidual relics, and believed to arise from 
 some hyperplasia of a retained portion of the 
 decidua. By some it is considered a sarcoma. 
 D. malignum, a variety of uterine sarcoma 
 first described by Sanger, which in its mi- 
 croscopic characters strongly resembles decid- 
 ual tissues. Syn., Chorioepitlielioma malig- 
 num; Sarcoma deciduo cellular e; Syncytioma 
 malignum. 
 
 Deciduosarcoma (de-sid-u-o-sar-ko'-mah). See 
 Deciduoma malignum. 
 
 Deciduous (de-sid' -u-us) [de, away from; 
 cadere, to fall]. Falling off. D. Teeth, 
 the temporary teeth or milk-teeth. 
 
 Decinormal (des-e-nor'-mal) \deci-; norma, nor- 
 
 - mal]. Having one-tenth the strength of the 
 normal. 
 
 Declination (dek-lin-a' -shun) [decline]. . The 
 dip of the magnetic needle. 
 
 Declinator (dek' -lin-a-tor) [decline]. An in- 
 strument for holding the dura apart during 
 trephining. 
 
 Decline (de-klin') [declinare, to bend]. A 
 gradual decrease, as of a fever; a wasting 
 away of the bodily strength. 
 
 Declive (de-kliv') [declivis, sloping]. i. A 
 lower or descending part. 2. See Declivis 
 cerebelli. 
 
 Declivis cerebelli (de-kli'-vis ser-e-bel'-i) [L.]. 
 The sloping posterior aspect of the monticulus. 
 
 Decoction (de-kok' -shun) [decoquere, to boil 
 down]. A liquid preparation obtained by 
 boiling vegetable substances in water. 
 
 Decollation (de-kol-a' '-shun) . See Decapita- 
 tion. 
 
 Decollator (de-kol f -a-tor) [decollare, to behead]. 
 An instrument for fetal decapitation. 
 
 Decolorant (de-kul'-or-ant) [de, priv.; color]. 
 An agent for the altering or removal of color. 
 
 Decoloration (de-kul-or-a* '-shun) [decolorare, 
 to deprive of color]. Removal of color. 
 
 Decombustion (de-kom-bust'-yun). See De- 
 oxidation. 
 
 Decompensation (de-kom-pen-sa' -shun) [de, 
 priv.; compensare, to compensate]. Failure 
 of compensation (as of the circulation or of 
 the heart). 
 
 Decompose (de-kom-poz'). 1. To cause a 
 compound to break up into its simpler con- 
 stituents. 2. To undergo putrefaction. 
 
 Decomposition (de-kom-po-zish' '-un) [decom- 
 ponere, to decompose]. 1. The separation of 
 the component principles of a body. 2. Pu- 
 trefactive fermentation. 
 
 Decompression (de-kom-presh' '-un) . The re- 
 moval of compression or pressure. 
 
 Decortication (de-kor-tik-a' -shun) [de, from; 
 cortex, the bark]. 1. The stripping of the 
 bark or husk of a plant. 2. The stripping 
 off of portions of the cortical substance of 
 the brain from the summits of the gyri. 
 
 Decostate (de-kos'-tat) [de, from; costa, a rib]. 
 Without ribs. 
 
 Decrement {dek' -re-ment) . See Decline. 
 
 Decrepitation (de-krep-it-a' -shun) [decrepitare, 
 to crackle]. A crackling or crepitation. 
 
 Decrustation (de - krust - a' - shun) [de, from; 
 crusta, a crust]. The detachment of a crust. 
 
 Decubital (de-ku' -bit-al) . Relating to a de- 
 cubitus or to a bed-sore. 
 
 Decubitus (de-ku' -bit-us) [decumbere, to lie 
 down]. 1. The recumbent or horizontal pos- 
 ture. 2. A bed-sore. D., Acute, a form of 
 bed-sore due to cerebral lesions. D., Andral's. 
 See under Sign. 
 
 Decurtation (de-kur-ta'-shun) [decurtare, to 
 curtail]. The ablation or shortening of a 
 structure or usual duration of a condition. 
 
 Decurvature (de-kurv' -a-chur) [decurvatus, bent 
 back]. A descending curvature. 
 
 Decussate (de-kus'-dt) [see Decussation]. To 
 intersect; to cross. 
 
 Decussation (de-kus-a' -shun) [decussatio, a 
 crossing]. A chiasma or X-shaped crossing, 
 especially of symmetric parts, as of nerve - 
 fibers, nerve-tracts, or nerve-filaments. The 
 principal decussations are that of the optic 
 nerve and that of the lateral pyramidal tracts 
 in the medulla. D., Forel's, the ventral teg- 
 mental decussation. D., Fountain, Spitz- 
 ka's term for such a decussation of nerve-fibers 
 as is seen in the cortex of the anterior quad- 
 rigeminum. D., Motor. See D. 0} the Pyra- 
 mids. D. of the Optic Nerve, the chiasm. 
 D., Pineal, Spitzka's term for the crossing of 
 certain fibers of the inner division of the reticu- 
 lar formation. D., Piniform. See D. of the 
 Pyramids, Sensory. D., Pyramidal, Supe- 
 rior, D., Pyramidal, Upper. See D. of the 
 Pyramids, Sensory. D. of the Pyramids, 
 D., Pyramidal, the oblique crossing of the 
 bundles of the anterior pyramids of the oblon- 
 gata from opposite sides of the median fissure. 
 Syn., Inferior decussation; Motor decussation; 
 Piniform decussation; Ventral decussation of 
 the pyramids. D. of the Pyramids, Sen- 
 sory, a crossing of certain fibers having their 
 origin in the funiculi cuneati of the spinal 
 cord, which occurs in the upper part of the 
 oblongata, between the anterior pyramids and 
 the gray floor of the fourth ventricle. Syn., 
 Decussation of the fillet; Interolivary de- 
 cussation; Pyramidal posterior decussation. 
 D. of the Pyramids, Ventral. See D. of 
 the Pyramids. D., Sensory. 1. See D. 
 of the Pyramids, Sensory. 2. The crossing 
 of the outer bundles of the anterior pyramids 
 of the spinal cord. Syn., Superior decussa- 
 tion. D., Sensory, Middle, a crossing in 
 the median line of certain fibers between the 
 upper and lower pyramids. D., Tegmental, 
 
DECUSSORIUM 
 
 332 
 
 DEGENERATION 
 
 of Meynert, the crossing of the fibers in the 
 cortex of the anterior quadrigeminum. 
 
 Decussorium (de-kus-o' -re-um) [L.]. An in- 
 strument for depressing the dura after trephin- 
 ing. 
 
 Dedalous, Dgedalous (ded'-al-us) [dacdaXeoc, 
 curiously wrought]. Labyrinthiform; in- 
 tricately wrought. 
 
 Dedentition (de-den-tish' -un) [de, down; dens, 
 a tooth]. The shedding of the teeth. 
 
 Dedolation (ded-o-la' -shun) [dedolatio, a hewing 
 off]. A cutting off obliquely. 
 
 Deep (dip). Not superficial. D. Reflexes. 
 See under Reflex. D. Water, water obtained 
 from a porous layer beneath the first imper- 
 vious stratum. 
 
 Defecation (def-ek-a'-shun) [defcecare, to sep- 
 arate from the dregs], i. The . evacuation of 
 the bowels. 2. Clarification, as of wine. Cf. 
 Decantation. 
 
 Defensive Proteids. See Proteids, Defensive. 
 
 Deferent (def -er-ent) [deferens, carrying 
 away]. Carrying away or down; efferent. 
 
 Deferentectomy (def-er-ent-ek'-to-me). Exci- 
 sion of the vas deferens. 
 
 Deferential (def-er-en'-shal). Pertaining to 
 the vas deferens. 
 
 Def erentiovesical (def-er-en-she-o-ves'-ik-al) . 
 Pertaining to both the vas deferens and the 
 bladder. 
 
 Deferentitis (def-er-en-ti'-tis) [deferens; exec, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the vas 
 deferens. 
 
 Defervescence (de-fer-ves'-ens) [defervescere, 
 
 ■ to cease boiling]. Disappearance of fever. 
 
 Defibrination (de-fl-brin-a'-shun) [de, from; 
 fibra, a fiber]. The removal of fibrin from 
 blood or lymph. 
 
 Defining Power (de-fi'-ning). See Definition. 
 
 Definition (def-in-ish'-un) [definire, to bound 
 by limits]. In optics, the power of a magni- 
 fying lens to show clear outlines of the object 
 examined, free from aberration or distortion. 
 
 Deflagration (def-lag-ra' -shun) [deflagrare, 
 to be consumed]. A sudden, 'violent com- 
 bustion, such as % accompanies the oxidation 
 of certain inorganic substances by mixing 
 them with an easily decomposing salt, such 
 as the alkaline chlorates and nitrates. 
 
 Deflagrator (def-la-gra'-tor) [see Deflagration]. 
 An apparatus for producing very rapid 
 combustion. D., Hare's. See Battery, 
 Hare's. 
 
 Deflect (de-flekf) [deflecto, to bend away]. 
 To turn or bend from a straight course. 
 
 Defluvium capillorum (de-flu' -ve-um kap-il- 
 or'-um). Alopecia. 
 
 Defluxion (de-fluk'-shun) [de, down; fluere, to 
 flow]. A discharge. 
 
 Deformation (de-for-ma' -shun) [deformare, to 
 deform]. The process of disfigurement. D., 
 Sprengel's, congenital upward displacement 
 of one of the scapulas. D., Volkmann's, 
 congenital tibiotarsal dislocation. 
 
 Deformity (de-for'-mi-te). Abnormal shape or 
 structure of a body or part. D., Anterior. 
 See Lordosis. 
 
 Defunctionalization (de-funk-shun-al-iz-a r - 
 shun). The act of destroying a function. 
 
 Defurfuration (de-fur -fur -a f -shun) [de, from; 
 furfur, bran]. Desquamation. 
 
 Defuselation (de-fu-sel-a' -shun) . The removal 
 of fusel oil from spirits. 
 
 Defusion (de-fu'-zhun). See Decantation. 
 
 Deganglionate (de-gan' -gle-on-dt) . To remove 
 ganglions. 
 
 Degenerate (de-jen'-er-at) [see Degeneration]. 
 1. To revert to a lower type. 2. An individual 
 who has reverted to a lower type. 
 
 Degeneration (de-jen-er-a' '-shun) [degenerare, 
 to become base]. 1. A morbid process con- 
 sisting in the conversion of the elements of 
 a tissue into some inert substance. 2. A 
 term indicating imperfect or abnormal de- 
 velopment of the psychic faculties. Syn., 
 Degenerescence. D., Abercrombie's, amy- 
 loid degeneration. D., Albuminoid. Syno- 
 nym of Amyloid Degeneration. D., Al- 
 buminous, albuminous infiltration. D., 
 Amyloid. See Amyloid degeneration. D., 
 Armanni-Ehrlich's, hyaline degeneration of 
 the epithelial cells of Henle's looped tubes in 
 diabetes. D., Ascending, a trophic de- 
 generation of nerve-fibers or tracts pro- 
 gressing from the site of the original lesion 
 toward the cerebrum. D., Calcareous. 
 See Infiltration, Calcareous. D., Cellulose. 
 See Amyloid Degeneration. D., Cheesy. See 
 Caseation. D., Chitinous. See Amyloid 
 Degeneration. D., Colloid, the change of the 
 protoplasm of epithelial cells into a substance 
 that resembles mucus, but -is not precipitated 
 by alcohol or acetic acid. D., Cystic, de- 
 generation with cyst-formation. D., Cyst- 
 oid, of the Retina, round or oval cystoid 
 spaces surrounded by hypertrophied radial 
 fibers found in the retina at all ages, as 
 described by Iwanoff. D., Descending, a 
 degeneration of nerve-fibers or tracts extend- 
 ing peripherally from the original lesion. D., 
 Earthy. See Calcification and Infiltration, 
 Calcareous. D., Fascicular, that form of 
 atrophy of paralyzed muscles following 
 pathologic change in the motor ganglion- 
 cells of the central tube of the gray matter 
 of the spinal cord or their efferent fibers. 
 D., Fatty, a change of the proteids of the 
 tissues into fat. D., Fibrofatty, of the 
 Placenta, an association of fatty degeneration 
 of the placenta with fibromatous degeneration 
 of the chorionic villi and of the decidua 
 serotina. D., Fibrous, of the Heart, hyper- 
 plasia of the cardiac connective tissue accom- 
 panying chronic interstitial inflammation. 
 D., Gelatiniform. See D., Colloid. D., 
 Granular, parenchymatous degeneration dis- 
 tinguished by a deposit of albuminoid parti- 
 cles. D., Hoen's, degenerative change in 
 striated muscles with nuclear proliferation. 
 D., Hyaline, a degeneration affecting par- 
 ticularly the connective tissue of the walls of 
 blood-vessels, and giving rise to a substance 
 resembling amyloid material, but lacking its 
 reactions. See Amyloid Degeneration. D., 
 
DEGLABRATION 
 
 333 
 
 DELIRIUM 
 
 Hyaloid. See Amyloid Degeneration. D., 
 Hydrocarbonaceous, Paschutin's term for 
 a special degeneration peculiar to diabetes. 
 Syn., Paschutin's degeneration. D., Lique- 
 factive, a process resembling fatty degenera- 
 tion, accompanying fibrinous exudations. D., 
 Meckel's, cholesterin disease or waxy de- 
 generation. D., Mineral. See Calcification. 
 D., Mucoid, the degeneration of tissue into 
 a jelly-like, transparent substance containing 
 mucin. D., Myelin, a process sometimes 
 occurring in chronic pneumonia in which 
 there is a formation of myelin coincident 
 with fatty degeneration in the pulmonary 
 alveoli. D., Myxomatous. See D., Mucoid. 
 D., Parenchymatous. See Cloudy Swell- 
 ing. D., Parenchymatous, of the Kid- 
 ney, a degeneration of the parenchyma of 
 the kidney following the acute nephritis of 
 pregnancy, diphtheria, or an acute attack of 
 fever. It is accompanied by 10 to 25 % of 
 albumin in the urine, which remains of 
 normal quantity. D., Paschutin's. See D., 
 Hydrocarbonaceous. D., Pigmentary, D., 
 Pigment, a pigmentation of the muscles 
 accompanying the atrophy due to cachexia, 
 insufficient food, or the marasmus of old age. 
 D., Putrid. See Hospital Gangrene. D., 
 Reaction of. See Reaction of Degeneration. 
 D., Signs of, physical imperfections, such as 
 asymmetry of corresponding parts, adherent 
 lobules of the ear, stammering, supernumerary 
 or deficient digits, etc., observed in persons 
 presenting psychic degeneration. D., The- 
 roid, in psychiatry, the lowering or approxi- 
 mation of the human mental faculties and 
 instincts to those of the lower animal. D., 
 Trabecular, a degeneration of the bronchial 
 wall in which there is a hypertrophy of the 
 elastic and inelastic tissues of the fibrous 
 sheath of the bronchus and its cartilages. 
 D., Tiirck's, secondary parenchymatous 
 degeneration of the spinal nerve-tracts. D., 
 Uratic, the deposition of uric acid and the 
 urates in the tissues. D., Virchow's. See 
 Amyloid Degeneration. D., Vitreous. See 
 Albuminoid Disease and Amyloid Degenera- 
 tion. D.j Wallerian. See under Wallerian. 
 
 Deglabration (deg-la-bra' '-shun) [deglabrare, to 
 make smooth]. The process of becoming 
 bald. 
 
 Deglutitio impedita {de-glu-tish' -e-o im-ped- 
 i'-tah). Synonym of Dysphagia. 
 
 Deglutition {deg-lu-tish' -un) [deglutitio, a swal- 
 lowing]. The act of swallowing. 
 
 Degustation {de-gus-ta' '-shun) [degustare, to 
 taste]. The act of tasting. 
 
 Dehiscence {de-his' -ens) [de, off; hiscere, to 
 gape or yawn]. The act of splitting open. 
 D.s, Zuckerkandl's, small gaps sometimes 
 existing in the papyraceous lamina of the 
 ethmoid bone, and bringing the lining mem- 
 brane of the latter in contact with the dura. 
 They are not pathologic. 
 
 Dehydratation {de-hi-dra-ta' -shun) . The re- 
 moval of hydrogen from a compound by 
 means of reducing agents, by heating, or by 
 
 the action of strong acids on hydrocarbons. 
 Cf. Dehydration. 
 
 Dehydration {de-hi-dra' -shun) [de, away 
 from; udcop, water]. The removal of water. 
 
 Dehydrogenize {de-hi' -dro-jen-iz) . To deprive 
 of hydrogen. 
 
 Dehydrotriacetonamin {de-hi-dro-tri-as-et-on- 
 am'-in). A substance acting as a base 
 obtained from acetone by action of ammonia. 
 Syn., Acetonin. 
 
 Deintoxication {de-in-toks-ik-a 1 '-shun) [de, 
 from; intoxication]. The process of over- 
 coming the effects of toxic substances. 
 
 Deintoxification {de-in-toks-i}-ik-a' -shun) . See 
 Detoxification. 
 
 Deiters' Cells. 1. The branched, flattened 
 cells of the neuroglia. 2. The cylindricoconic 
 cells resting upon the basilar membrane of 
 Corti's organ and supporting the hair-cells. 
 D.'s Nucleus, a large nucleus situated in 
 the oblongata between the inner portion of 
 the cerebral peduncles and the restiform body. 
 D.'s Phalanges, the phalangeal processes 
 of Deiters' cells in the organ of Corti. D.'s 
 Process, the axis-cylinder process of a nerve- 
 cell; the neuraxon. 
 
 Dejecta {de-jek' -tah) [L.]. Feces. 
 
 Dejection {de-jek' -shun) [dejecta]. The dis- 
 charge of fecal matter; the matter so dis- 
 charged. 
 
 Dejecture {de-jek' -chur) [dejecta]. Matter 
 evacuated from the intestine; feces. 
 
 Dejerine's Disease. Hypertrophic interstitial 
 neuritis of infancy. 
 
 Dejerine-Sottas' Disease, D.-S.'s Type of 
 Muscular Atrophy. See Dejerine's Disease. 
 
 Delaceration {de-las-er-a' -shun) [delacerare]. 
 To tear to pieces or lacerate severely. 
 
 Delactation {de-lak-ta' -shun) . See Ablactation. 
 
 Delamination {de-lam -in-a' -shun) [de, away; 
 lamina, a plate]. The splitting into layers. 
 
 Delhi Boil {del' -he). See Furunculus ori- 
 en talis. 
 
 Deligation {del-ig-a' -shun) [deligatio, a bind- 
 ing]. Ligation, as of an artery. 
 
 Delimitation {de-lim-it^a' -shun) [delimitare, to 
 mark out]. The determination of the limits 
 of areas, regions, or organs in physical diag- 
 nosis. 
 
 Deliquation, Deliquiation {del-ik-wa' -shun, 
 del-ik-wi-a' -shun) . Deliquescence. 
 
 Deliquescence {del-ik-wes' -ens) [deliquescere, 
 to melt away].- A liquefaction by absorption 
 of water from the atmosphere. 
 
 Deliquescent {del-ik-wes' -ent) [see Deliques- 
 cence]. Dissolving: applied especially to salts 
 that absorb moisture from the air and liquefy. 
 
 Delire a Java. See Lata. 
 
 Deliriant, Delirifacient {de-W -re-ant, de- 
 le-re- j a' -she-ent) [delirium]. Producing de- 
 lirium. 
 
 Delirious {de-le' -re-us) [delirium]. Affected 
 with delirium. 
 
 Delirium {de-le' -re-um) [L., "madness"]. _ A 
 condition of mental excitement with confusion 
 and usually hallucinations and illusions. D., 
 Alcoholic. See D. tremens. D. constantium, 
 
DELITESCENCE 
 
 334 
 
 DEMOGRAPHY 
 
 the constant repetition and expression of a 
 single fixed idea, characteristic of the delirium 
 of insane persons having fever. D. cordis, 
 a violent, tumultuous beating of the heart. 
 D., Depressive, a form of general delirium 
 in which there is a marked torpidity as 
 to ideas, feelings, and determinations. D., 
 Dupuytren's. See D. nervosum. D., 
 Febrile, the delirium of fever. D. of Gran- 
 deur, a condition in which an individual 
 has insanely exaggerated ideas of his. own 
 importance or of his possessions. D. nervo- 
 sum, the delirium following severe surgical 
 operations or injuries. D. of Persecution, 
 that in which the patient imagines himself 
 the object of persecution. D., Primordial, 
 a form marked by ideas which dominate 
 the mind and from which the patient is not 
 able to free himself. D., Toxic, delirium 
 caused by poisons. D., Traumatic. See 
 D. nervosum. D. tremens, the delirium 
 arising from alcoholic poisoning. It is char- 
 acterized by constant tremor, insomnia, great 
 exhaustion, distressing illusions, and hallu- 
 cinations. 
 
 Delitescence {del-it-es' -ens) [delitescere, to lie 
 hid] The sudden disappearance of inflam- 
 mation by resolution. 
 
 Deliver {de-liv'-er) [de, -from; liberare, to 
 free]. To free from something, especially to 
 deliver a woman of a child or of the after- 
 birth. The word is also applied to the part 
 removed, as to deliver the placenta or a 
 tumor. 
 
 Delivery {de-liv'-er -e) [see Deliver]. The act 
 of delivering or freeing from something, espe- 
 cially the relieving of a woman from the con- 
 tents of the uterus; parturition; childbirth. 
 D., Postmortem, the birth of a fetus after 
 the death of the mother. 
 
 Delomorphous {del-o-mor' -fus) [drjXoc, con- 
 spicuous; jiopcfyf), form]. Having a conspicu- 
 ous form. D. Cells of Rollet, large, well- 
 defined cells between the membrana propria 
 and the chief cells of the fundus glands of 
 the gastric mucous* membrane. They are 
 supposed to secrete the hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Delphinin, Delphinium, Delphinoidin, 
 Delphisin {del' -fin-in, del-fin' -e-um, del-fin- 
 oid'-in, del'-fis-in). See Staphisagria. 
 
 Deltoid {del'-toid) [delta, the Greek letter A; 
 eldoc, likeness]. Having the shape of the 
 Greek letter delta; triangular, as the deltoid 
 'muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Delusion {de-lu'-zhun) [de, from; lusus, play]. 
 A false belief, the falsity of which is apparent, 
 but out of which the person cannot be rea- 
 soned by indubitable evidence. D.s, Ex- 
 pansive, D.s, Large, a symptom of the 
 second stage of general paralysis of the in- 
 sane, in which the patient conceives ideas 
 involving colossal size, magnificent wealth, or 
 extravagant numbers. 
 
 Delusional {de-lu' -zhun-al) [delusion]. Of 
 the nature of a delusion; characterized by 
 delusions. D. Stupor. See Insanity, Con- 
 fusional. 
 
 Demagnetize {de-mag' -net-lz) . To deprive 
 an object of magnetic properties. 
 
 Demarcation {de-mar k-a' -shun) [demarcare, - 
 to set the bounds of]. Separation. D., Line 
 of, a red line forming at the edge of a gan- 
 grenous area and marking the limit of the 
 process. 
 
 Demarquay's Symptom. Immobility or 
 lowering of the larynx during deglutition and 
 phonation; it is characteristic of tracheal 
 syphilis. 
 
 Demedication {de-med-ik-a' -shun) . The re- 
 moval of deleterious drugs from the system, 
 as lead, arsenic, or phosphorus, by the re- 
 versal of the electric current used in cataphor- 
 esis, in a suitably arranged bath. 
 
 Dement {de'-ment) [dementia]. A person suf- 
 fering with dementia. 
 
 Dementation {de - men - ta' - shun) [dementia]. 
 Loss of mind; insanity. 
 
 Demented {de-ment'-ed). Deprived of reason. 
 
 Dementia {de-men' -she-ah) [de, from; mens, 
 the mind]. A form of insanity characterized 
 by a deterioration or loss of the intellectual 
 faculties, the reasoning power, the memory, 
 and the will. D., Paralytic, general paraly- 
 sis of the insane. D. praecox, a form which 
 appears at the age of puberty in children 
 previously intellectually bright; there are 
 various delirious symptoms at the beginning; 
 constant sudden impulses and rapid ter- 
 mination in a dementia which is more or 
 less complete. D., Primary, that occurring 
 independently of other forms of insanity. 
 D., Secondary, that following another form 
 of insanity. D., Senile, that due to the 
 degenerations of old age. D., Terminal, 
 that coming on toward the end of other forms 
 of insanity or certain nervous diseases. 
 
 Demi- [dimidius, half]. A prefix meaning half. 
 
 Demifacet {dem-e-fas'-et) [demi-; facet]. One- 
 half of an articulation surface adapted to 
 articulate with two bones. 
 
 Demilune Cells, Heidenhain's {dem'-e-lun). 
 Crescentic bodies lying between the cells and 
 the membrana propria of an acinus of a 
 salivary gland. 
 
 Demipenniform {dem-e-pen' -e-form) [demi-; 
 penna, a wing]. Applied to structures or 
 organs which have one of two margins 
 winged. 
 
 Demodex {dem' -o-deks) [drjjiof, fat; dr)$, an 
 insect]. A genus of parasitic insects. D. 
 folliculorum, Jhe pimple-mite, a minute 
 parasite found in the sebaceous follicles, par- 
 ticularly of the face. It probably does not 
 produce any symptoms. 
 
 Demography {de-mo g'-ra-fe) [drjfiog, the 
 people; jpa<f>ecv, to write]. The science of 
 peoples collectively considered; social sci- 
 ence, including that of vital statistics and the 
 consideration of questions of state medicine. 
 D., Dynamic, a study of the activities of 
 human communities, their rise, progress, and 
 fall. D., Static, a study of the anatomy of 
 a human community, its numbers, the sex, 
 age, wealth, calling, etc., of the people. 
 
DEMONOMANIA 
 
 335 
 
 DENTELATION 
 
 Demonomania (de-mon-o-ma' -ne-ah) [oat/xajv, 
 a devil; p.av'ca, madness]. A form of mad- 
 ness in which a person imagines himself 
 possessed of a devil. 
 
 Demonomy (de-mon'-om-e) [ofjp.oc, the people; 
 vofxof, a law; a custom]. The science of 
 humanity. 
 
 Demonophobia (de-mon-o-fo' -be-ah) [dacptov, 
 a devil; (frofiog, fear]. Morbid dread of devil 
 and demons. 
 
 (de) Morgan's Spots. See Morgan's (de) Spots. 
 
 Demorphinization (de-morf-in-i-za' -shun) [de, 
 from; morphin]. Treatment of morphinism 
 by gradual withdrawal of the drug. 
 
 Demours' Membrane. See Descemet's Mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Demulcent (de-muV '-sent) [demulcere, to soothe]. 
 i. Soothing; allaying irritation of surfaces, 
 especially mucous membranes. 2. A soothing 
 substance, particularly a slippery, mucilagin- 
 ous liquid. 
 
 (de) Mussey's Point, de M.'s Symptom. See 
 Mussey's (de) Point. 
 
 Denarcotized (de-nar' '-ko-tlzd) [de, priv.; 
 vapKioycKoc, narcotic]. 1. Deprived of nar- 
 cotizing qualities. 2. Of opium, deprived 
 of narcotin. 
 
 Denaturization (de-nat-u-ri-za' -shun) [de, priv.; 
 natura, nature]. Alteration in the character- 
 istics of an organic substance by chemic 
 action, boiling, or addition. 
 
 Dendraxon (den-draks'-on) [dendron; axon]. 
 Von Lenhossek's term for a neuron with a 
 short axon, its axonal processes being for the 
 most part devoid of sheaths. 
 
 Dendric (den'-drik) [dendron]. Provided with 
 dendrons. 
 
 Dendrite (den'-drit). See Dendron. 
 
 Dendritic (den-drif Ak) [dendron]. Branch- 
 ing like a tree. 
 
 Dendron (den'--dron) [dhdpov, a tree]. One of 
 the short, free projections or socalled proto- 
 plasmic processes of a nerve-cell. 
 
 Dengue (deng'-gu) [West Ind.]. An acute, 
 epidemic, infectious disease, characterized by 
 a febrile paroxysm, severe pains in the bones, 
 joints, and muscles, and, at times, a cutaneous 
 eruption. The period of incubation is from 
 
 3 to 5 days; the invasion is sudden, with high 
 fever (106 F.), severe pains in the muscles, 
 bones, and joints, the last being swollen and 
 reddened. After the fever has lasted 3 or 
 
 4 days it subsides, but at the end of from 
 2 to 4 days a second paroxysm accompanied 
 with pain occurs. Convalescence is slow; 
 complications are rare. Syn., Breakbone 
 fever; Dandy fever. 
 
 Denguis (den'-gwis). Synonym of Dengue. 
 
 Denidation (de-ni-da'-shun) [de, priv.; nidus, 
 a nest]. The disintegration and ejection of 
 the superficial part of the uterine mucosa. 
 
 Denige's Test for Formaldehyd in Milk. 
 Make a solution of 40 Cc. of 0.5 % solution 
 of fuchsin; 250 Cc. distilled water; 10 Cc. 
 of sodium bisulfite, sp. gr. 1.375; IO Cc. 
 pure sulfuric acid. To 1 Cc. of this solution 
 add 10 Cc. of the suspected milk and Jet it 
 
 stand 5 minutes. Then add 2 Cc. of pure 
 hydrochloric acid and shake. In the presence 
 of formaldehyd a violet color will appear; a 
 yellowish-white color in its absence. D.'s 
 Test for Uric Acid, convert uric acid into 
 alloxan by the action of nitric acid; expel 
 the excess of nitric acid by gentle heat, and 
 treat with a few drops of sulfuric acid and a 
 few drops of commercial benzol (containing 
 thiophen) ; a blue coloration will result. 
 
 Denigration (de-ni-gra' -shun) [denigrare, to 
 blacken]. The act or process of rendering 
 black; the state of having become black. 
 
 Denisensko's Method. The subcutaneous 
 injection of a watery extract of Chelidonium 
 majus in the treatment of cancer. 
 
 Denitration (de-ni-tra' -shun) . The process 
 of taking away nitric acid from a com- 
 pound. 
 
 Denitrify (de-ni f -tre-fi) [de, priv.; nitrogen]. 
 To remove nitrogen. 
 
 Denitrifying (de-ni'-tre-fi-ing). Applied to 
 bacteria which reduce nitric acid to nitrous 
 acid and ammonia. 
 
 Denonvilliers' Fascia. The rectovesical 
 fascia between the prostate gland and 
 rectum. 
 
 Densimeter (den-sim'-et-er) [densus, dense; 
 fxhpov, a measure]. An appliance for ascer- 
 taining the specific gravity of a liquid. 
 
 Density (den'-sit-e) [densitas, thickness]. Close- 
 ness; compactness, especially the degree of 
 closeness of one body compared with an 
 equal volume of another taken as a standard; 
 specific gravity. In electricity, the amount 
 of electricity accumulated on a unit of surface 
 during a given time. 
 
 Dentagra (den-ta' -gr ah) [dens, a tooth; ay pa, 
 a seizure]. 1. Toothache. 2. A tooth- 
 forceps. 
 
 Dental (den'-tal) [dens]. Pertaining to the 
 teeth. D. Engine, a machine worked by a 
 treadle and possessing a flexible cable and 
 adjustable arm and hand-piece, which afford 
 great facility of movement and adaptation. 
 By means of attachments to the hand-piece 
 drills can be operated at various angles. D. 
 Tubuli, the minute wavy tubes occurring in 
 the dentin of teeth. 
 
 Dentaphone (den'-ta-fon) [dens; (^ojutj, sound]. 
 An instrument placed on the teeth to aid in 
 hearing. 
 
 Dentata (den-ta' -tali) . See Axis (2). 
 
 Dentate (den' -tat) [dens]. Toothed; having 
 a toothed or serrated edge. D. Body. See 
 Corpus dentatum. D. Convolution, a 
 convolution found in the hippocampal fis- 
 sure. D. Fascia, the serrated free edge of 
 the dentate convolution. D. Fissure, the 
 hippocampal fissure. 
 
 Dentation (den-ta' -shun) . The formation of 
 tooth-like structures, as on the margin of a 
 leaf. 
 
 Dentatum (den-ta' -turn) [L.]. The dentate 
 nucleus of the cerebellum. 
 
 Dentelation (den-tel-a' -shun) . The condition 
 of being furnished with tooth-like processes, 
 
DENTES 
 
 336 
 
 DEPIGMENTATION 
 
 Dentes {den'-tez) [L. plural of dens, a tooth]. 
 Teeth. D. sapientise, wisdom-teeth; the 
 third molar teeth. 
 
 Denticle {den'-tik-l) [denticulus, a small tooth]. 
 A small tooth or projecting point. 
 
 Denticulate {den-tik' -u-lat) [denticle]. Having 
 minute dentations; furnished with small teeth 
 or notches. 
 
 Dentifrice {den'-tif-ris) [dens; fricere, to rub]. 
 A substance for cleansing the teeth. 
 
 Dentigerous {den-tif '-er-us) [dens; gerere, to 
 carry]. Bearing or containing teeth, as a 
 dentigerous cyst. 
 
 Dentilave {den'-te-ldv) [dens; lavare, to wash]. 
 A mouth-wash or tooth-wash. 
 
 Dentin, Dentine {den'-tin) [dens]. A modi- 
 fied osseous tissue forming the principal part 
 of a tooth, and consisting, histologically, 
 of dental tubuli and intertubular tissue, 
 chemically, of the phosphates of calcium and 
 magnesium, the carbonate and fiuorid of lime, 
 and organic matter, chiefly gelatin. The bony 
 "structure of the tooth lying under the enamel 
 of the crown and the cement substance of the 
 root. D., Secondary, adventitious deposits 
 of dentin which occur in or upon the dental 
 pulp after tooth-formation is complete. 
 
 Dentinal {den' -tin-al) [dentin]. Pertaining to 
 or composed of dentin. 
 
 Dentinification {den-tin-if-ik-a' -shun) [dentin; 
 facer e, to make]. The formation of dentin 
 through the agency of specialized cells, the 
 odontoblasts. 
 
 Dentinoid {den' -tin-oid) . i. Similar to dentin. 
 2. Pertaining to an odontoma. 
 
 Dentinosteoid {den-tin-os' -te-oid) [dentin; 6az- 
 eov, bone]. A tumor of dentin and bone. 
 
 Dentiporous {den-tip' -or -us) [dens; Tibpoc, a 
 pore]. Having pores with toothed edges. 
 
 Dentist {den'-tist) [dens]. One who practises 
 dentistry. 
 
 Dentistry {den' -tis-tre) . Dental surgery, em- 
 bracing everything pertaining to the treatment 
 of diseases of the teeth. 
 
 Dentition {den-tish' -un) [dens]. Teething; 
 
 Incisors. 
 
 Canine. 
 
 Milk molars. 
 
 The Temporary Teeth. 
 
 The top section of illustration is the upper set, and the 
 
 bottom section is the lower set. 
 
 the cutting of the teeth. D., Primary, the 
 cutting of the temporary or milk-teeth. D., 
 Secondary, the eruption of the 32 permanent 
 teeth. 
 
 Dentoiletta {dent-wah-let'-ah). A device con- 
 sisting of two mirrors so arranged that per- 
 sons may examine their own teeth. 
 
 Dentola {den'-to-lah). A solution used on 
 swollen gums, said to consist of cocain hy- 
 drochlorid, 1 part; potassium bromid, 10 
 parts; glycerol and water, each, 200 parts. 
 
 Dentolingual {den-to4ing' -wal) . Pertaining 
 to the teeth and the tongue or lingual nerve. 
 
 Dentoliva {den-toV -iv-ah) [dens; oliva, an olive]. 
 The olivary nucleus. 
 
 Dentomental {den-to -ment' -at). Pertaining to 
 the teeth and chin. 
 
 Dentonasal {den-to-na'-zal) . Pertaining to the 
 teeth and nose. 
 
 Denture {den'-chur) [dens]. 1. The entire set or 
 group of teeth; the whole assemblage of 
 teeth in both jaws. 2. A set, or plate, of arti- 
 ficial teeth. 
 
 Denuce's Ligament. A short and broad 
 fibrous band in the wrist-joint, connecting the 
 radius with the ulna. 
 
 Denucleated {de-nu' -kle-a-ted) . Deprived of 
 the nucleus. 
 
 Denudation {den-u-da' -shun) [denudare, to 
 denude]. A stripping or making bare. 
 
 Denutrition {de-nu-trish' -un) [de, from; 
 nutriare, to nourish]. 1. Faulty or absent 
 nutrition. 2. An atrophy and degeneration 
 of tissue arising from lack of nutrition. 
 
 Deobstruent {de-ob' -stru-ent) [de; obstruere, 
 to obstruct]. 1. Removing obstruction. 2. 
 A medicine that removes obstruction; an 
 aperient. 
 
 Deodorant {de-o' -dor-ant) [de; odor are, to smell]. 
 
 1. Removing or concealing offensive odors. 
 
 2. A substance that removes or conceals 
 offensive odors. 
 
 Deodoriferant {de-o -dor -if -er -ant) [see Deo- 
 dorant], 1. Possessing the power of over- 
 coming bad odors. 2. See Deodorant. 
 
 Deodorized {de-o' -dor -izd) [see Deodorant]. 
 Deprived of odor. 
 
 Deoppilant, Deoppilative {de-op' -il-ant, -at- 
 iv) [de; oppilare, to stop]. The same as 
 Deobstruent. 
 
 Deorsum {de-or' -sum) [L.]. Downward. 
 
 Deorsumduction {de-or -sum-duk' -shun) . A 
 downward movement, as of the eye. 
 
 Deoxidation {de-oks-id-a'-shun) [de, from; 
 oxygen]. The removal of the oxygen from 
 a chemic compound. 
 
 Deoxygenation {de-oks-e-jen-a'-shun). See 
 Deoxidation. 
 
 Dephlegmation {de --fie g-ma' -shun) [de, from; 
 (frXeyecv, to burn]. The removal of water by 
 distillation. 
 
 Dephlegmator {de-fleg'-mat-or). That part of 
 a still adapted to receive the vapors of such 
 compounds as are condensed at successively 
 lower and lower temperatures. 
 
 Depigmentation {de-pi g-ment-a 1 '-shun) . The 
 removal of natural pigments from the skin 
 
DEPILATE 
 
 337 
 
 DERMATALGIA 
 
 or from microscopic preparations by the 
 action of weak solutions of bleaching or 
 oxidizing solutions. 
 
 Depilate (dep'-il-at) [depilare, to remove the 
 hair]. To remove the hair. 
 
 Depilation {dep-il-a' -shun) [depilate]. The re- 
 moval or loss of the hair. 
 
 Depilatory {de-piV -at-o-re) [depilate], i. Hav- 
 ing the power to remove the hair. 2 . A sub- 
 stance, usually a caustic alkali, used to destroy 
 the hair. 
 
 Depilous (dep'-il-us) [depilate]. Hairless. 
 
 Deplanate {dep'-lan-dt) [deplanare, to level]. 
 Leveled; flattened 
 
 Depletion {de-ple' -shun) [deplere, to empty]. 
 1. The act of diminishing the quantity of 
 fluid in the body or in a part, especially by 
 bleeding. 2. The condition of the system 
 produced by the excessive loss of blood or 
 other fluids. 
 
 Deplumation {de-plu-ma' -shun) [de, down; off; 
 pluma, feather]. The loss of the eyelashes. 
 
 Depolarization {de-po-lar-iz-a' -shun) [de; 
 polus, pole]. The neutralization of polarity. 
 
 Depolarizer (de-po'-lar-i-zer). A refracting 
 plate used with a polarizer which resolves 
 the polarized ray into ordinary and extraor- 
 dinary rays. 
 
 Deportation {de-por-ta' -shun) [de; portare, to 
 bear]. Veit's term for the process in which 
 the chorionic fringes are detached and lose all 
 connection with the fetal placenta. 
 
 Deposit {de-poz'-it) [de; ponere, to place]. 
 A sediment; a collection of morbid particles 
 in a body. 
 
 Depositive {de-poz' -it-iv) [deposit]. A term 
 applied to that state of the skin in which 
 lymph is poured out and papules arise. 
 
 Depravation {dep-rav-a' -shun) [depravare, to 
 vitiate]. A deterioration or morbid change in 
 the secretions, tissues, or functions of the 
 body. 
 
 Depressant {de-pres'-ant) [see Depression]. 1. 
 Lowering. 2. A medicine that diminishes 
 functional activity. 
 
 Depressed {de-prest') [see Depression]. 1. 
 Referring to a state of lowered vitality; 
 affected with depression. 2. Having the dor- 
 solateral diameter reduced. 3. Flattened from 
 above downward. 
 
 Depression (de-presh'-un) [deprimere, to de- 
 press]. 1. A hollow or fossa. 2. Inward 
 displacement of a part, as of the skull. 3. 
 Lowering of vital functions under the action 
 of some depressing agent. 
 
 Depressomotor {de-pres-o-mo' -tor) [depression; 
 mover e, to move]. An agent that dimin- 
 ishes the action of the motor apparatus. 
 
 Depressor {de-pres' -or) [depression]. 1. A 
 muscle, instrument, or apparatus that de- 
 presses. 2. A nerve, stimulation of which 
 lowers the functional activity of a part, as 
 the depressor nerve of the heart. 3. One of 
 two substances found in the infundibular 
 part of the hypophysis, having distinct physio- 
 logic properties. It produces a fall of blood- 
 pressure. Cf. Pressor, 
 *3 
 
 Deprimens {dep' -rim-enz) [L.]. Depressing. 
 A depressing muscle. D. oculi, the rectus 
 inferior muscle of the eye. 
 
 Depurated (dep' -u-ra-ted) [see Depurator]. 
 Purified; cleansed. 
 
 Depurative {dep' -u-ra-tiv) [see Depurator]. 
 Purifying or cleansing. 
 
 Depurator {dep'-u-ra-tor) [depurare, to purify]. 
 A drug or device for aiding a cleansing 
 process. 
 
 DeR. A contraction and symbol of the term 
 Reaction of Degeneration. 
 
 Deradelphus {der -ad-el' -f us) [deprj, neck; 
 adekcfroc, brother]. A monocephalic dual 
 monstrosity, with fusion of the bodies above 
 the umbilicus, and with four lower extremities 
 and three or four upper. 
 
 Deradenitis {der-ad-en-i' -tis) [deprj, neck; ddr)v, 
 a gland; tree, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the cervical glands. 
 
 Deradenoncus {der-ad-en-ong' -kus) [deprj, neck; 
 ddr)v, a gland; ofKo^, mass]. Swelling of a 
 neck-gland. 
 
 Derangement {de-ran j' '-men t). Disorder of 
 intellect; insanity. 
 
 Derbyshire Neck {der'-be-shir). See Goiter. 
 
 Dercum's Disease. Adiposis dolorosa, a 
 painful dystrophy of the subcutaneous connec- 
 tive tissue, somewhat resembling myxedema. 
 
 Derencephalocele {der-en-se}' '-al-o-sel) [deprj, 
 neck; encephalocele]. Hernia of the brain 
 through a fissure in the cervical vertebras. 
 
 Derencephalus {der-en-se}' -al-us) [deprj, neck; 
 iyK£<f)aloc, brain]. A variety of single autositic 
 monsters of the species anencephalus, in which 
 the bones of the cranial vault are rudimentary, 
 the posterior portion of the occiput absent, 
 and the upper cervical vertebras bifid, the 
 brain resting in them. 
 
 Deric {der'-ik) [depoc, the skin]. External. 
 
 Derivant {der'-iv-ant) [see Derivation]. Deriv- 
 ative; a derivative drug. 
 
 Derivation {der-iv-a' -shun) [derivare, to turn a 
 stream from its banks]. The drawing away 
 of blood or liquid exudates from a diseased 
 part by creating an extra demand for them 
 in some other part. 
 
 Derivative (de-riv'-at-iv). 1. Producing deri- 
 vation. 2. An agent that produces derivation. 
 
 Derm, Derma {derm, der'-mah) [dep/ia, skin]. 
 The true skin. 
 
 Dermad {der'-mad) [derm; ad, to]. Externally; 
 toward the skin; ectad. 
 
 Dermagra {der-ma'-grah). See Pellagra. 
 
 Dermal {der'-mal) [derm]. Pertaining to the 
 skin. 
 
 Dermalaxia {der-mal-aks' -e-ah) [derm; iiaXan'ca, 
 softness]. Morbid softening of the skin. 
 
 Dermalgia {der-mal'-je-ah). See Dermatalgia. 
 
 Dermanoplasty {der-man' -o-plas-te) [derm; 
 avanXaooecv, to form anew]. Skin-grafting. 
 
 Dermapostasis {der-ma-pos' -ta-sis) [derm; 
 OKooxaocc, a falling away]. A skin disease 
 with focal induration. 
 
 Dermatagra {der-mat-a'-grah). See Pellagra. 
 
 Dermatalgia {der-mat-aV '-je-ah) [derm; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the skin unaccompanied by 
 
DERMATANEURIA 
 
 338 
 
 DERMATOMYCOSIS 
 
 any structural change, and caused by some 
 nervous disease or reflex influence. 
 
 Dermataneuria {der-mat-ah-nu' -re-ah) [derm; 
 a, priv., vkupov, a nerve]. Derangement of 
 the nerve-supply of the skin, giving rise to 
 anesthesia or paralysis. 
 
 Dermatatrophia {der-mat-ah-tro'-fe-ah) [derm; 
 atrophy]. Atrophy of the skin. 
 
 Dermathemia (der -mat-he' -me-ah) [derm; 
 alfia, blood]. A congestion of the skin. Syn., 
 Dermcemia; Dermohemia. 
 
 Dermatin {der' -mat-in) . A preparation used 
 in dermatology. It consists of salicylic acid, 
 5-7 parts; starch, 7-15 parts; talc, 25-50 
 parts; silicic acid, 30-60 parts; kaolin, 3-9 
 parts. It is used as a protective. 
 
 Dermatitis {der-mat-i'-tis) [derm; ixcc, 
 inflammation]. An inflammation of the skin. 
 D. ambustionis, D. calorica, the form due 
 to burns and scalds. D., Blastomycetic, 
 a skin disease caused by a yeast-like fungus, 
 Blastomyces dermatitidis . D. congelationis. 
 Same as Frost-bite. D. contusiformis, 
 erythema nodosum. D., Duhring's. See 
 D. herpetiformis. D., Electroplating, a 
 form of inflammation due to lime-dust 
 employed in finishing electroplating, which, 
 coming in contact with an abrasion, forms 
 a caustic paste which in time produces 
 an ulcer. D. exfoliativa, an acute or chronic 
 inflammation of the skin, in which the epider- 
 mis is shed more or less freely in large or 
 small scales. See Pityriasis rubra. D. 
 gangraenosa, sphaceloderma; gangrenous in- 
 flammation of the skin. D. herpetiformis, 
 an inflammatory skin disease of a herpetic 
 character, the various lesions showing a 
 tendency to group. It is a protean disease, 
 appearing as erythema, vesicles, blebs, and 
 pustules, and is associated with fever, itching, 
 and burning. D. hiemalis, a recurrent 
 inflammation of the skin associated with 
 cold weather and allied to the erythemas; 
 the color is dark blue. It attacks distal ex- 
 tremities first and appears to be due to 
 circulatory disturbance. D. medicamen- 
 tosa, drug-eruptions; inflammatory eruptions 
 upon the skin due to the action of certain 
 drugs taken internally. D. nodularis 
 necrotica, a necrosis of the skin and super- 
 ficial stratums of the corium, due primarily 
 to changes and consequent obstruction in 
 the blood-vessels between the cutis and 
 subcutis. D., Oidial. See D., Blastomycetic. 
 D. papillaris capillitii, a chronic skin 
 disease affecting the nape of the neck and 
 adjacent parts, and characterized by minute 
 red papules, which occasionally suppurate, 
 and are usually traversed by a hair. They 
 unite to form hard, white or reddish, keloid- 
 looking elevations, from which a bundle of 
 atrophied hairs protrudes. D., Primal, 
 that caused by contact with Primula ob- 
 conica; it is due to the fine hairs on 
 the under surface of the leaves. D., 
 Pustular, impetigo. D., Roentgen-ray, 
 D, } X-ray, that due to prolonged exposure 
 
 to roentgen-rays. D. traumatica, that re- 
 sulting from traumatism. D., Vegetative, 
 elevated, vegetating lesions covered with 
 crusts and very prone to bleeding, occurring 
 in remissions of eczema on nurslings, and 
 believed to be due to some infection. A 
 similar affection in adults has been recorded 
 under the names eczema vegetante and pyoder- 
 mite vegetante. D. venenata, that produced 
 by the local action of irritant substances. 
 
 Dermato- [dip/na, skin]. A prefix signifying 
 pertaining to the skin. 
 
 Dermatoautoplasty {der-mat-o-aw' ' -to-plas-te) 
 [dermato-; auto plasty]. Dermatoplasty by 
 means of grafts taken from the patient's body. 
 
 Dermatocellulitis {der-mat-o-sel-u-W -tis) . In- 
 flammation of the subcutaneous connective 
 tissue. 
 
 DermatoconiOsis, Dermatokoniosis {der- 
 mat-o-kon-i' -o-sis) [dermato-; nov'ca, dust]. 
 Any skin disease due to dust. 
 
 Dermatocyst {der-mat'-o-sist) [dermato-; cyst]. 
 A cyst of the skin. 
 
 Derma todynia {der-mat-o-din'-e-ah). See Der- 
 matol gia. 
 
 Derma todyschroia {der-mat-o-dis-kroi'-ah) 
 [dermato-; duo%poca, a bad color]. Abnormal 
 pigmentation of the skin. 
 
 Dermatography {der-mat-og'-ra-fe) [dermato-; 
 ypa<f)etv, to write]. A description of the skin. 
 
 Dermatoheteroplasty {der - mat - o - het' - er-o- 
 plas-te) [dermato-; heteroplasty]. Dermato- 
 plasty by means of grafts taken from the 
 body of another than the patient. 
 
 Dermatoid {der' -mat-oid) . See Dermoid. 
 
 Dermatokelidosis {der-mat-o-kel-id-o'-sis) 
 
 [dermato-; KTjXcdouv, to stain]. Pigmentation 
 of the skin. 
 
 Dermatol {der' -mat-oT) [derm], C 6 H 2 , 
 (OH) 3 . C0 2 Bi(OH) 2 . Bismuth subgallate, 
 an astringent, antiseptic powder, of yel- 
 low color, used in affections of the skin 
 and mucous membranes that are associated 
 with excessive secretion; it is especially 
 recommended for diarrhea in tuberculosis 
 and typhoid fever. Dose internally §-iJ dr. 
 (2-6 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Dermatologist {der-mat-oV -o-jist) [see Der- 
 matology]. A specialist in the treatment of 
 skin diseases. 
 
 Dermatology {der-mat-ol'-o-je) [dermato-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of diseases of the 
 skin. 
 
 Dermatolysis (der-mat-ol'-is-is) [dermato-; 
 \uocc-, a loosing]. A hypertrophy of the skin 
 and subcutaneous tissue, with a tendency to 
 the formation of folds. 
 
 Dermatoma {der-mat-o'-mah) [dermato-; b/ia, 
 a tumor]. A tumor of the skin. 
 
 Dermatome {der' -ma -torn) [dermato-; re/wecv, 
 to cut]. An instrument for incising the 
 skin. 
 
 Dermatomucosomyositis {der-mat-o-mu-ko- 
 so-mi-o-si'-tis). Inflammation involving the 
 skin, mucosa, and muscles. 
 
 Dermatomycosis {der-mat-o-mi-ko' -sis) [der- 
 mato-; mycosis]. Any skin disease caused 
 
DERMATOMYOSITIS 
 
 339 
 
 DERMOACTINOMYCOSIS 
 
 by a vegetable parasite. D. achorina. 
 See Favus. D. barbae nodosa. See Sycosis 
 parasitaria. D. diffusa. See Tinea imbri- 
 cate. D. favosa, favus of the skin, exclusive 
 of that of the hair and nails. D. furfuracea. 
 See Tinea versicolor. D. maculovesiculosa. 
 See Tinea trichophytina. D. marginata. See 
 Eczema marginatum. D. palmellina, a par- 
 asitic disease described by Pick as affecting 
 the axillas, the chest, the backs of the hands, 
 the inner surfaces of the thighs, and the 
 pubes. It is characterized by the presence 
 of rounded spores adherent to the hairs. D. 
 pustulosa. See Impetigo contagiosa. 
 
 Dermatomyositis {der - mat -o -mi -o - si'-tis) 
 [dermato-; myositis]. An infectious inflamma- 
 tion of both skin and muscles, accompanied 
 by edema, fever, and general depression. 
 Cf. Myositis; Polymyositis. 
 
 Dermatoneuria (der-mat-o-nu'-re-ah). See 
 Dermatoneurosis . 
 
 Dermatoneurology (der-mat-o-nu-rol' -o-je) 
 [dermato-; neurology]. Neurology limited to 
 the skin. 
 
 Dermatoneurosis (der-mat-o-nu-ro 1 '-sis) [der- 
 mato-; neurosis]. A neurosis of the skin. 
 D. indicatrix, an eruption of the skin 
 due to nervous disease and indicative of 
 more serious symptoms. D., Stereographic, 
 a form characterized by an elevation, welt, 
 or wheal corresponding in size and shape 
 to the object the application of which pro- 
 duced the elevation. It is due to an ex- 
 travasation of serum, and is illustrated in 
 the welts that follow light blows of the whip 
 on a nervous horse. 
 
 Dermatonosis {der -mat-on' -o -sis) [dermato-; 
 vbaoc, disease]. Any disease of the skin. 
 
 Dermatophone (der'-mat-o-fon) [dermato-; 
 (pcovTj, sound]. A stethoscopic appliance de- 
 vised by Voltolini-Hueter, by means of which 
 one may perceive the sound of the blood- 
 current in the skin. It also makes perceptible 
 the muscle-tones, and in the tendons and 
 bones it demonstrates the transmitted vibra- 
 tions. Syn., Myophone; Osteophone; Ten- 
 dophone. 
 
 Dermatophyte (der'-mal-o-fit) [dermato-; 
 (f)uz6v, a plant], i. Any species of fungous 
 vegetation that grows upon the skin. 2. A 
 cutaneous appendage, as a hair, feather, scale, 
 nail, or horn. 
 
 Dermatoplasia (der -mat-o-pla' -ze-ah) [der- 
 mato-; nXaooecv, to form]. The reparative 
 power of the skin to injury. 
 
 Dermatoplasty {der 1 ' -mat-o-plas-te) [see Der- 
 matoplasia]. An ^operative replacement of 
 destroyed skin by means of flaps or skin- 
 grafts. 
 
 Dermatorrhagia (der-mat-or-a'-je-ah) [dermato-; 
 pTjpjwac, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from 
 trie skin. 
 
 Dermatorrhea (der-mat-or-e'-ah) [dermato-; 
 f)oca, a flowing]. A morbidly increased 
 secretion from the skin. 
 
 Dermatosclerosis {der-mat-o-skle-ro'-sis). See 
 Scleroderma. 
 
 Dermatosis {der-mat-o'-sis) [dermato-; voooe, 
 disease]. Any disease of the skin. D., 
 Angioneurotic, an infectious, toxic, or essen- 
 tial skin disease, characterized by a general 
 disturbance of the vascular tension, together 
 with inflammatory excitation at the surface 
 of the skin. D., Engorgement, a skin 
 disease characterized by passive derangement 
 of the circulation, with imperfect venous and 
 lymphatic absorption. D., Hemorrhagic, 
 a traumatic or essential disease of the skin, 
 characterized by hemorrhage from the cuta- 
 neous blood-vessels, without inflammation 
 or stasis; dermatorrhagia. D., Neurotic, a 
 cutaneous affection due to disease of the 
 sensory or trophic nerves. It may be self- 
 limited in its course (cyclic), as herpes zoster 
 and herpes febrilis; or it may be acyclic, 
 as neurotic edema, neurotic atrophy, and 
 neurotic necrosis of the skin. D., Parasitic, 
 a papulovesicular disease described by Nielly, 
 in which a filaria-like parasite was found in 
 the vesicles, and believed by him to be 
 identical with craw-craw. D., Postvaccinal, 
 a dermatosis following vaccination, marked 
 by lesions similar to those of urticaria pig- 
 mentosa except that desquamation is present 
 and dermographism is absent. 
 
 Dermatosome (der'-mat-o-som) [dermato-; 
 owp.a, body]. 1. A thickening or knot in the 
 equatorial region of each spindle-fiber in 
 the process of cell-division. 2. One of the 
 hypothetic ultimate units that form the 
 membrane of vegetal cells. 
 
 Dermatotherapy (der-mat-o-iher'-ap-e). The 
 therapeutics of cutaneous affections. 
 
 Dermatotomy (der-mat-ot'-o-me) [dermato-; 
 xkjxvecv, to cut]. The anatomy or dissection 
 of the skin. 
 
 Dermatoxerasia {der-mat-o-zer-a'-ze-ah) [der- 
 mato-; ^-qpaaca, dryness]. Dryness of the 
 skin. Cf. Xeroderma. 
 
 Dermatozoon {der-mat-o-zo' -on) [dermato-; 
 £<ioy, an animal; pi., dermatozoa]. Any 
 animal parasitic upon the skin. 
 
 Dermatozoonosus {der - mat -0 -zo - on-o'-sus) 
 [dermatozoon; vbaog, a disease]. A cutane- 
 ous disease due to animal parasites, such 
 as A car us, Filar ia, Ixodes, Leptus, Pedicu- 
 lus, Pulex, Sarcoptes, etc. 
 
 Derma trophia (der-ma-tro'-fe-ah). See Der- 
 ma tatrophia. 
 
 Dermectasia (der -mek-ta' -ze-ah). See Der- 
 matolysis. 
 
 Dermelminthiasis (der-mel-min-thi' '-ah-sis) 
 [derm; 'iXjutvc, a worm]. A cutaneous affec- 
 tion due to a parasitic worm. Cf. Dermato- 
 zoonosus. 
 
 Dermenchysis (der -men' -Ms-is) [derm; '£rx°- 
 occ, a pouring in]. Hypodermatic injection. 
 
 Dermic (der'-mik) [derm]. Relating to the 
 skin or formed of skin. 
 
 Dermis (der' -mis). The corium or true skin. 
 
 Dermitis (der-mi'-tis). See Dermatitis. 
 
 Dermo- (der-mo-). The same as Dermato-. 
 
 Dermoactinomycosis (der-mo-ak-tin-o-mi-ko'- 
 sis). Infection of the skin by actinomyces. 
 
DERMOBLAST 
 
 340 
 
 DESMIOGNATHUS 
 
 Dermoblast (der' -mo-blast) [dermo-; pXaoxog, 
 sprout]. The part of the mesoblast which 
 develops into the corium. 
 
 Dermocymus (der -mo-si' -mus) [dermo-; Ku/ja, 
 the fetus]. A monster fetus containing 
 another within it. 
 
 Dermoepidermal (der-mo-ep-e-derm'-al). Par- 
 taking of both the superficial and deep layers 
 of the skin; said of skin-grafts. 
 
 Dermographia (der-mo-graf -e-ah) [dermo-; 
 jpafacv, to write]. A condition of the skin 
 in which tracings made with the finger-nail 
 or a blunt instrument are followed by eleva- 
 tions at the points irritated. It is common 
 in the condition termed vasomotor ataxia. 
 
 Dermohemia (der-mo-he' -me-ah) . See Der- 
 'mathemia. 
 
 Dermoid {der' -moid) [dermo-; eldog, like], 
 i. Resembling skin. 2. A dermoid cyst. D. 
 Cyst, a cyst containing elements of the skin, 
 as hair, teeth, etc. 
 
 Dermol {der' -mot). See Bismuth Chryso- 
 phanate. 
 
 Dermolabial (der-mo-la' -be-al) . Having rela- 
 tion to the skin and the lips. 
 
 Dermomuscular (der-mo-mus'-ku-lar). Hav- 
 ing relation to both skin and muscles, as 
 certain embryonic tissues. 
 
 Dermopapillary {der-mo-pap' -il-a-re) . Having 
 relation to the papillary layer of the true skin. 
 
 Dermophlebitis (der-mo-fleb-i'-tis) [dermo-; 
 phlebitis]. Inflammation of the cutaneous 
 veins. 
 
 Dermophyte (der' -mo- fit). See Dermatophyte. 
 
 Dermoplasty (der'-mo-plas-te). See Dermato- 
 plasty. 
 
 Dermorrhagia (der-mor-a'-je-ah). See Derma- 
 torrhagia. 
 
 Dermosapol (der-mo-sa'-pol). A soap said to 
 contain perfumed cod-liver oil, peruvian 
 balsam, wool-fat, fat, glycerol, and alkali. 
 To these specifics may be added; it is used 
 as an inunction in skin diseases, tuberculosis, 
 etc. 
 
 Dermoskeleton (der-mo-skel' -et-on) [dermo-; 
 OKeXerov, a skeleton]. The exoskeleton. 
 
 Dermostenosis (der-mo-sten-o'-sis) [dermo-; 
 oxkvajocg, stenosis]. A tightening of the skin, 
 due to swelling or to disease. Cf. Sclero- 
 derma. 
 
 Dermostosis (der-mos-to'-sis) [derm; ooriov, 
 a bone]. Ossification occurring in the true 
 skin. 
 
 Dermosynovitis (der-mo-si-no-vi'-tis) [dermo-; 
 synovitis]. Inflammation of a subcutane- 
 ous bursa together with the adjacent skin. 
 D. plantaris ulcerosa, a severe suppuration 
 in the sole of the foot which proceeds from 
 inflammation of the bursa beneath a callosity 
 and gives rise to a perforating ulcer. 
 
 Dermotherapy (der-mo-ther'-ap-e). See Der- 
 matotherapy . 
 
 Derodidymus (der-o-did'-im-us) [depi), neck; 
 didu/joc, double]. A monstrosity with a single 
 body, two necks and heads, two upper and 
 lower extremities, with other rudimentary 
 limbs occasionally present. 
 
 Derrid {der' -id) . A highly toxic substance from 
 Derris elliptica, a leguminous plant of Malaya, 
 used in Borneo as an arrow-poison; it kills 
 fish in a dilution of 1 : 5,000,000. 
 
 Desalination (de-sal-in-a' -shun) [de, from; sal, 
 salt]. The process of decreasing the salinity 
 of a substance by the removal of salts. 
 
 De Salle's Line. See Salle's (de) Line. 
 
 Desault's Apparatus, D.'s Bandage, One for 
 the arm, consisting of an axillary pad held 
 by tapes about the neck, a sling for the 
 hand, and two single-headed rollers. D.'s 
 Splint, one used in treating fracture of the 
 thigh. 
 
 Descartes' Laws. See SnelVs Laws. 
 
 Descemet's Membrane. The elastic mem- 
 brane lining the posterior surface of the cornea. 
 
 Descemetitis (des-em-et-i' -lis) . Inflammation 
 of Descemet's membrane; serous iritife . 
 
 Descemetocele (des-em-ef -o-sel) [Descemet's 
 membrane; k7jXt), hernia]. Hernia of Desce- 
 met's membrane. 
 
 Descendens (de-sen' -denz) [descendere, to go 
 down]. Downward. D. noni, a branch of 
 the hypoglossal nerve. See under Nerve. 
 
 Descending (de-sen' -ding) [see Descendens]. 
 Passing downward. D. Current. See Cur- 
 rent, Descending. D. Degeneration. See 
 Degeneration, Descending. D. Tract, a col- 
 lection of nerve-fibers conducting impulses 
 from the centers to the periphery. 
 
 Descent (de-senf) [see Descendens]. The act 
 of going down; "downward motion. D., 
 Theory of, the theory that all higher 
 organisms have descended by evolution from 
 lower forms; as opposed to the theory of 
 spontaneous generation or special creation. 
 Cf. Biogenesis; Darwinism; Evolution. 
 
 Deshler's Salve. The compound rosin 
 cerate of the pharmacopeia. 
 
 Desiccant (des' -ik-ant) [desiccare, to dry up]. 
 Drying. 
 
 Desiccation (des -ik-a' -shun) [see Desiccant]. 
 The process of drying. 
 
 Desiccator (des'-ik-a-tor)- [see Desiccant]. 
 A vessel containing some strongly hygroscopic 
 substance, such as calcium chlorid or anhy- 
 drous sulfuric acid, and used to absorb the 
 moisture from the air of a chamber. 
 
 Desichthol (des-ik'-thol). Deodorized ichthyol; 
 a preparation produced from ichthyol by 
 the removal of about 5 % of volatile oil, to 
 which the disagreeable odor is due. 
 
 Desmameba (des-mah-me'-bah) [deojj.dc, a 
 band; ameba]. A connective -tissue corpus- 
 cle considered as an ameboid element. 
 
 Desmectasia, Desmectasis (des-mek-ta! -se-ah, 
 -mek'-ta-sis) [dso/joc, a band; 'iKzaocc, a stretch- 
 ing]. The stretching of a ligament. 
 
 Desmepithelium (des-mep-ith-e' -le-um) [deo/ioc, 
 a band; epithelium]. The endothelial or epi- 
 thelial lining of the blood-vessels, lymphatics, 
 and synovial cavities; the epithelial portions of 
 the mesoderm. 
 
 Desmiognathus (des-pie-o-na'-thus) [deofj.Sc, & 
 band; yvadoc, the jaw]. A monster, the lower 
 jaw of which has a supplementary head 
 
DESMITIS 
 
 341 
 
 DEUTERIPARA 
 
 joined to it by ligamentous or muscular 
 attachment. 
 
 Desmitis (des-mi' -tis) [oeop.Sc, a band; ezic, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of a ligament. 
 
 Desmo- (des-mo-) [deopbc, a band]. A prefix 
 meaning a band, bond, or ligament. 
 
 Desmobacteria {des-mo-bak-te'-re-ah) [desmo-; 
 bacteria]. A group of bacteria corresponding 
 to the genus Bacilli. 
 
 Desmoblast (des' -mo-blast) [desmo-; filaoibc, 
 a germ]. Rouber's term for that portion 
 of the area opaca of the blastoderm, especially 
 in mesoblastic ovums, which gives rise to the 
 mesenchyma. Syn., Desmohemoblast. 
 
 Desmodium (des-mo' '-de-um) [desmo-; eloof,, 
 form]. A genus of plants of the order Legumi- 
 nosce. An infusion of the roots of D. erythry- 
 ncefolium, of South America, is used in diarrhea 
 and dysentery. The root of D. incanum, of the 
 West Indies, is prized as a remedy for dysen- 
 tery. The root of D. tortuosiim, of North 
 America and the West Indies, is purgative. 
 D. triflorum is found in all tropical countries. 
 The fresh plant is applied to abscesses and 
 wounds. 
 
 Desmodynia (des-mo-din' '-e-ah) [desmo-; douvt], 
 pain]. Pain in a ligament. 
 
 Desmography (des-mo g'-ra-fe) [desmo-; -fpa<f>ecv, 
 to write]. The description of the ligaments. 
 
 Desmohemoblast (des-mo-hem'-o-blasi). See 
 Desmoblast. 
 
 Desmoid (des'-moid) [desmo-; eldog, likeness]. 
 Fibrous. D. Tumor, a fibroid tumor. 
 
 Desmology (des-moV -o-je) [desmo-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The anatomy of the ligaments. 
 Cf. Syndesmography. 
 
 Desmoma (des-mo 1 '-mah) [desmo-; opa, tumor]. 
 A connective-tissue tumor. 
 
 Desmon (des'-mon) [deopoc, a band]. London's 
 name for the intermediary body of Ehrlich. 
 
 Desmoneoplasm (des-mo-ne' '-o-plazm) [desmo-; 
 neoplasm]. Any neoplasm made up of con- 
 nective tissue. 
 
 Desmonosology (des-mon-os-oV -o-je) . See Des- 
 mo pathology. 
 
 Desmopathology (des-mo-path-oV -o-je) [desmo-; 
 pathology]. The pathology of ligaments. 
 
 Desmopexia (des-mo-peks' -e-ah) [desmo-; izfficc, 
 a putting together]. Fixation of the round 
 ligaments to the abdominal wall or to the wall 
 of the vagina for correction of uterine dis- 
 placement. 
 
 Desmorrhexis (des-mor-eks' -is) [desmo-; pij£cc, 
 a bursting]. The rupture of a ligament. 
 
 Desmotomy (des-mot'-o-me) [desmo-; to/jltj, 
 section]. The dissection and anatomy of the 
 ligaments; surgical cutting of a ligament. 
 
 Desmurgia, Desmurgy (des-mur'-je-ah, des- 
 mur'-je) [desmo-; epyecv, to do; to work]. 
 The art of bandaging or applying ligatures. 
 
 Desnos' Pneumonia. See Grancher's 
 
 Disease. 
 
 Desolution (de-so-lu' -shun) [de, away from; 
 solutio, solution]. The separation from one 
 body of another dissolved in it under certain 
 conditions which remove or diminish the 
 solubility of the latter. 
 
 Despumation (des-pu-ma' -shun) [despumare, 
 to skim froth]. The purification of a liquid 
 by removal of the scum or froth. 
 
 Desquamation (des-kwam-a' -shun) [des- 
 quamare, to scale off]. The shedding of the 
 superficial epithelium, as of the skin, mucous 
 membranes, and renal tubules. D., Fur- 
 furaceous, branny desquamation. Des- 
 quamatio neonatorum, the epidermal ex- 
 foliation of newborn infants which takes place 
 during the first week of life. Desquamatio 
 siliquosa, the shedding of the skin of a 
 part in a continuous, husk-like structure. 
 
 Desquamative (des-kwam' -at-iv) [desquama- 
 tion]. Characterized by desquamation. 
 
 Dessertspoon. A domestic measure equal to 
 about 2 dr. (8 Cc). 
 
 Desudation (des-u-da' -shun) [de, away; sudare, 
 to sweat]. i. Profuse or morbid sweating. 
 2. Sudamina. 
 
 Desulfuration, Desulfurization (de-sul-fur-a'- 
 shun, de-sul-jur-i-za' -shun) . The act or pro- 
 cess of abstracting sulfur from a compound. 
 Cf. Sul juration. 
 
 Desumvergence (de-swn-ver 1 '-jenz) [desursum, 
 from above; vergere, to turn]. A downward 
 inclination of the eyes. 
 
 Detergent (de-ter' -jent) [deter gere, to cleanse]. 
 Purifying; cleansing. 
 
 Determination (de-ter -min-a' -shun) [deter- 
 mination a directing]. Of the blood, a ten- 
 dency to collect in a part, as determination of 
 the blood to the head. 
 
 Dethyroidism (de-thi' -roid-izm) . See Athyrea 
 and Athyreosis. 
 
 Detorsion (de-tor' -shun) [detorquere, to turn]. 
 The correction of an abnormal curvature; 
 the restoration of a deformed part to its 
 normal position. 
 
 Detoxification (de-toks-if-ik-a'-shun) [de, priv.; 
 to^ikov, poison]. The power of reducing 
 the poisonous properties of a substance. 
 
 Detoxify (de-toks'-e-fi) . To deprive a substance 
 of its poisonous attributes. 
 
 Detrital (de-tri' -tal) . Consisting of or pertain- 
 ing to detritus. 
 
 Detrition (de-trish' '-un) [deter ere, to wear off]. 
 The wearing or wasting of a part. 
 
 Detritus (de-tri' -tus) [see Detrition]. Waste- 
 matter from disorganization. 
 
 Detruncation (de-trun-ka' -shun) . See De- 
 capitation. 
 
 Detrusion (de-tru'-zhun) [detrudere, to drive]. 
 An ejection or expulsion; a thrusting or 
 driving down or out. 
 
 Detrusor, Detrusprium (de-tru'-zor, -zor'-e-um). 
 i. A means or instrument for performing 
 expulsion. 2. A muscle having as its function 
 the forcing down or out of parts or materials. 
 
 Deuter-, Deutero- (du-ter-, du-ter-o-) [dea- 
 rs po, second]. Greek prefixes indicating the 
 second of two similar substances or con- 
 ditions, especially that one which contains 
 more of the substance. 
 
 Deuteripara (du-ter-ip'-ar-ah) [deuter-; parere, 
 to bring forth]. A woman pregnant for the 
 second time. 
 
DEUTEROALBUMOSE 
 
 342 
 
 DEXTROPEDAL 
 
 Deuteroalbumose (du-ter-o-aV -bii-mos) . A form 
 soluble in water and not precipitated by 
 saturation with sodium chlorid or magnesium 
 sulfate, but by ammonium sulfate. 
 
 Deuterology (du-ter-oV-o-je) [deutero-; Xoyog, 
 science]. The biology of the placenta. 
 
 Deuteromyosinose (du-ter-o-mi-o'-sin-ds). A 
 product of myosin digestion. 
 
 Deuteropathy (du-ter-op' -a-the) [deutero-; 
 nadoc, a disease]. A disease that is second- 
 ary to another. 
 
 Deuteroplasm {du'-ter-o-plazm). See Deuto- 
 plasm. 
 
 Deuterostoma {du-ter-os' -to-mah) [deutero-; 
 oxojia, mouth]. A secondary blastopore. 
 
 Deutero toxins (du-ter-o-toks' -ins) . Dissocia- 
 tion products of toxins. 
 
 Deutipara (du-tip'-ar-ah). See Deuteripara. 
 
 Deutoplasm (du'-to-plazm) [deutero-; TiXaapta, 
 formed material]. A store of nutrient ma- 
 terial in the ovum, from which the protoplasm 
 draws to support its growth. 
 
 Deutosclerous (du-to-skle 1 '-rus) [deutero-; 
 GK.\f)p6c, hard]. Relating to an induration 
 secondary to some pathologic condition. 
 
 Deutyl (du'-til). See Ethyl. 
 
 Devaporation {de-va-por-a'-shun). To bring 
 vapor back to the liquid state. 
 
 Developer (de-vel'-op-er). A chemic compound 
 employed in photography to reduce the me- 
 tallic salts and to render visible the image 
 upon an exposed plate. 
 
 Deventer's Diameter. The oblique pelvic 
 diameter. D.'s Pelvis, a simple, nonra- 
 chitic pelvis, flattened from before back- 
 ward. 
 
 Devergie's Attitude de Combat. A posture 
 of a dead body marked by flexions of the 
 elbows and knees, with closure of the fingers 
 and extension of the ankles. D.'s Disease, 
 lichen ruber. 
 
 Deviation (de-ve-a' 'shun) [deviare, to deviate]. 
 A turning away from the regular course or 
 standard. D., Conjugate, the turning of 
 eyes and head toward one side, observed in 
 some lesions of the cerebrum. 
 
 Devitalize (de-vi' -tal-iz) [de, from; vita, life]. 
 To destroy vitality. 
 
 Devitrif action, Devitrification (de-vit-re-faW- 
 shun, de-vit-re-fi-ka' -shun) [de, priv.; vitrum, 
 glass; facere, to make]. To change from the 
 glass-like state. 
 
 Devolution {dev-o-lu! -shun) [devolvere, to roll 
 down]. i. Transmission from one person 
 to another. 2. Degeneration. 
 
 Devonshire Colic (dev f -on-shlr kol'-ik). Lead- 
 colic. 
 
 Devorative (de-vor'-at-iv) [devorare, to swallow 
 down]. Intended to be swallowed without 
 chewing. 
 
 Dew-cure (du'-kur). See Kneippism. 
 
 Dewees' Carminative. See under Asafetida. 
 
 Dew-point. The temperature at which the air 
 is saturated with vapor; the temperature at 
 which dew forms. 
 
 Dexiocardia (deks-e-o-kar'-de-ah). See Dex- 
 trocardia. 
 
 Right; upon the right 
 ad, to]. . Toward 
 
 Dexter (deks'-ter) [L.]. 
 side. 
 
 Dextrad ideks'-trad) [dexter, 
 the right side. 
 
 Dextral {deks' -tral) . 1. Pertaining to the right 
 side. 2. Showing preference for the right 
 eye, hand, foot, etc., in certain acts or func- 
 tions. 
 
 Dextrality (deks-traV-it-e) [dexter]. The 
 condition of turning toward, being on, or 
 pertaining to the right side. 
 
 Dextran (deks'-tran) [dexter], C 6 H 10 O 5 . A 
 stringy, gummy substance formed in milk 
 by the action of cocci, and also occurring in 
 unripe beet-root. 
 
 Dextraural (deks-traw 1 '-ral) [dexter; auris, the 
 ear]. Right-eared. 
 
 Dextrin (deks f -trin) [dexter], C 6 H 10 O 5 . A 
 soluble carbohydrate into which starch is 
 converted by diastase or dilute acids. It is 
 a whitish substance, turning the plane of 
 polarization to the right. 
 
 Dextrinate {deks' -trin-dt) . To change into 
 dextrin. 
 
 Dextrinuria (deks-trin-u' -re-ah) [dextrin; oupov, 
 urine]. The presence of dextrin in the urine. 
 
 Dextro- (deks-tro-) [dexter]. A prefix meaning 
 right. 
 
 Dextrocardia (deks-tro-kar'-de-ah). [dextro-; 
 Kapd'ca, heart]. Transposition of the heart to 
 the right side of the thorax. 
 
 Dextrocardial (deks-tro-kar' '-de-al) [see Dex- 
 trocardia]. Having the heart to the right 
 of the median line. 
 
 Dextrocerebral {deks-tro-ser 1 '-e-bral) [dextro-; 
 cerebrum, the brain]. 1. Located in the right 
 cerebral hemisphere. 2. Functionating pre- 
 ferentially with the right side of the brain. 
 
 Dextrococain (deks-tro-ko'-kah-in). An arti- 
 ficial alkaloid obtained by heating ecgonin 
 or its derivative with strong alkali. It is a 
 local anesthetic and stimulant, in action 
 similar to cocain, but more rapid, irritating, 
 and fugitive. Syn., Isococain. 
 
 Dextrocular (deks-trok' -u-lar) [dextro-; oculus, 
 the eye]. Right -eyed. 
 
 Dextrocularity (deks - trok -u- Jar'- it - e) . The 
 condition of being right -eyed. 
 
 Dextroform (deks'-tro-form). A combination 
 of formaldehyd and dextrin, soluble in water 
 and glycerol. It is used internally in suppu- 
 rating cystitis and in the treatment of gonor- 
 rhea in applications of 10 to 20% solu- 
 tions. 
 
 Dextroglucose (deks-tro-glu 1 f -koz) . 
 trose. 
 
 Dextrogyr (deks-tro-jir') [dextro-; 
 turn around]. A substance 
 rotation to the right. 
 
 Dextrogyrate (deks-tro-ji f -rat). Same as 
 Dextrorotatory. 
 
 Dextromanual (deks-tro-man' '-u-al) [dextro-; 
 mantis, hand]. Right-handed. 
 
 Dextromanuality (deks-tro-man-u-al'-it-e). The 
 condition of being right-handed. 
 
 Dextropedal (deks-trop'-ed-al) [dextro-; pes, 
 foot]. Right-footed. 
 
 See Dex- 
 
 gyrare, to 
 producing 
 
DEXTROPEDALITY 
 
 343 
 
 DIACETANILID 
 
 Dextropedality (deks - tr'op - ed - aV - it - e). 
 The condition of being right -footed. 
 
 Dextrophoria (deks-tro-}o f -re-ah) [dextro-; 4> P°C, 
 tending]. A tending of the visual lines to the 
 right. " , 
 
 Dextrorotatory (deks-tro-ro' -tat-o-re) [dextro-; 
 rotare, to whirl]. Turning the rays of light 
 to the right. 
 
 Dextrosaccharin (deks-tro-sak 1 '-ar-in) . A mix- 
 ture of saccharin and glucose i : 2000. 
 
 Dextrose (deks'-tros) [dexter], C 6 H 12 6 . Grape- 
 sugar; a sugar belonging to the glucose 
 group, that rotates polarized light to the 
 right. See Glucose. 
 
 Dextrosinistral (deks -tro -sin-is* '-tral) [dextro-; 
 sinister, left]. Extending from right to left. 
 
 Dextrosuria (deks-tro-su' -re-ah) [dextrose; 
 oOpov, urine]. The presence of dextrose in 
 the urine. Cf. Levulosuria; Pentosuria. 
 
 Dextroversion (deks-tro-ver' '-zhun) [dextro-; 
 verier e, to turn]. Version to the right side. 
 
 Dhatureas (dah-tu'-re-as). Professional poison- 
 ers of India who employ the Datura Jastuosa. 
 
 Dhobie Itch. A Hindu name for ringworm 
 of the body. 
 
 Dhooley (doo'-le). A covered stretcher used 
 in India. 
 
 Dhurrin (dur'-in). A glucosid derived from 
 glucose and occurring in young plants of 
 Sorghum vulgar e (durra or Guinea corn). 
 
 Diabetes (di-ab-e' -tez) [dca t 3rjrrjc] oca, through; 
 ftacvecv, to go]. A disease characterized by 
 the habitual discharge of an excessive quan- 
 tity of urine; used without qualification, 
 the word indicates diabetes mellitus. Syn., 
 Diarrhoea urinosa. See Unschuld's Sign. 
 D., Alimentary, that due to defective 
 assimilative power over the carbohydrates 
 of food. D., Alternating, a form of diabetes 
 mellitus alternating with gout. D., Arti- 
 ficial, that form produced in the physiologic 
 laboratory by puncturing the floor of the 
 fourth ventricle of the brain. D., Azoturic, 
 diabetes without glycosuria accompanied by 
 increase of urea in the urine. D., Biliary. 
 See Biliary Diabetes. D., Composite, that in 
 which sugar and oxy butyric acid and its deriva- 
 tives are discharged in the urine. D., Conju- 
 gal. See Conjugal Diabetes. D. decipiens, 
 diabetes mellitus in which there is no polyuria 
 or polydipsia. D., Gouty, a form of glycosuria 
 occurring in gouty individuals. D., Hydru- 
 ric, polyuria in which the water in the urine 
 is in excess without increase in the solid 
 constituents of the urine. D. inositus, 
 diabetes mellitus in which inosit takes the 
 place of grape-sugar. D. insipidus, a 
 chronic disease characterized by the passage 
 of a large quantity of normal urine of low 
 specific gravity, associated with intense thirst. 
 The etiology of the disease is obscure — ■ 
 injuries and diseases of the brain, emotional 
 disturbances, syphilis, acute infectious dis- 
 eases, and heredity have been assigned as 
 causes. .D. mellitus, a nutritional disease 
 characterized by the passage of a large 
 quantity of urine containing sugar; there 
 
 is intense thirst, with voracious appetite, 
 progressive loss of flesh and strength, and 
 a tendency to a fatal termination. The causes 
 are not well understood — diseases of the 
 nervous system, especially of the medulla, 
 intense mental strain, gout, syphilis, malaria, 
 diseases of the pancreas, have been etiologic 
 factors in some cases. Complications are fre- 
 quent in diabetes, the most important being 
 pulmonary tuberculosis, furunculosis, gan- 
 grene, cataract, polyneuritis. Death, if not 
 caused by one of the complications, is gener- 
 ally due to the socalled diabetic coma. The 
 ultimate cause of the presence of sugar in 
 the urine is believed to be the incomplete 
 destruction or utilization of the sugar formed 
 in the system. D., Neurogenic, that due to 
 disorder of the nervous system. D., Pan- 
 creatic, a variety of glycosuria associated 
 with and probably dependent upon disease 
 of the pancreas. D., Phloridzin-, that form 
 produced in animals by the administration 
 of phloridzin. D., Phosphatic, a condition 
 characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, emacia- 
 tion, and excessive excretion of phosphates 
 in the urine. D., Puncture. See D., Arti- 
 ficial. 
 
 Diabetic (di-ab-et'-ik) [diabetes]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to diabetes. 2. A person suffering 
 from diabetes. D. Cataract, an opacity 
 of the crystalline lens sometimes found 
 in association with diabetes. D. Coma, 
 the coma caused by diabetes mellitus. D. 
 Gangrene, a moist gangrene sometimes 
 occurring in persons suffering from diabetes. 
 D. Sugar, C 6 H 12 O c , the glucose present in 
 the urine in diabetes mellitus. It is identical 
 with grape-sugar. D. Tabes, a peripheral 
 neuritis occurring in diabetic patients, and 
 causing symptoms resembling tabes dorsalis. 
 D. Urine, urine containing sugar. 
 
 Diabetico (di-ab-el'-ik-o). A beverage recom- 
 mended in diabetes, said to consist of alcohol, 
 8.25%; extractive, 3.27%; glycerol, 0.82%; 
 saccharin, 0.023%; sulfuric acid, 0.036%; 
 tartaric acid, 0.56 % ; phosphoric acid, 0.025 %. 
 
 Diabetid (di-ab-e' -tid) [diabetes]. A cutaneous 
 manifestation of diabetes. 
 
 Diabetin (di-ab-e' -tin) [diabetes]. Levulose. 
 
 Diabetogenic, Diabetogenous (di-ab-et-o- 
 jen'-ik, di-ab-et-oj'-en-us) [diabetes; jzvvav, 
 to produce]. Causing diabetes. 
 
 Diabetograph (di-ab-et'-o-graf) [diabetes; ypa- 
 fecv, to write]. An instrument which registers 
 the amount of glucose present in the urine 
 which is dropped into it in boiling Fehling's 
 solution. 
 
 Diabrotic (di-ab-rot'-ik) [dcafi poor woe; did., 
 through; ftcfipcboKecv, to eat]. 1. Corrosive. 
 2. A corrosive substance. 
 
 Diacaustic (di-ak-aws'-tik) [oca, through; 
 kouotckoc, caustic]. 1. A double convex 
 cauterizing lens. 2. Exceedingly caustic. 
 
 Diacele (di'-as-el) [dca., between; kocXt), a 
 hollow]. The third ventricle of the brain. 
 
 Diacetanilid (di-as-et-an'-il-id), C 6 H 5 N(C 2 H 3 - 
 2 ) 2 . A compound of acetanilid and glacial 
 
DIACETIC ACID 
 
 344 
 
 DIAMID 
 
 acetic acid closely resembling, but stronger 
 in physiologic action than, acetanilid. 
 
 Diacetic Acid (di-as-e'-tik). See Acid, Dia- 
 cetic. 
 
 Diacetonuria (di-as-et-on-u' -re-ah) . See Dia- 
 ceturia. 
 
 Diaceturia (di-as-et-u' -re-ah) [di, two; 
 acetum, vinegar; obpov, urine]. The presence 
 of diacetic acid in the urine. 
 
 Diachylon (di-ak' -il-on) [did, through; x u ^°C> 
 juice]. Lead-plaster. See Plumbi oxidum 
 under Plumbum. 
 
 Diacid (di-as'-id) [di, two; acidus, acid]. 
 Having two atoms of hydrogen replaceable 
 by a base. 
 
 Diaclasia, Diaclasis (di-ak-la' '-ze-ah, di-ak'-la- 
 sis) [ocaitXaocg, a breaking in two], i. Refrac- 
 tion. 2. A breaking. 
 
 Diaclast (di'-ak-last) [dcanXav, to break 
 apart]. An instrument for breaking up the 
 fetal head. 
 
 Diacrisis (di-ak' '-ris-is) [dta, apart; np'cvecv, 
 to separate or secrete]. An affection with 
 altered secretion. 
 
 Diactinic (di-ak-tin'-ik). Capable of trans- 
 mitting actinic rays. 
 
 Diad (di'-ad) [di, two], i. Having a quantival- 
 ence of two. 2. An element or radicle having a 
 quantivalence of two. 3. A unit made up 
 of primary units which are differentiated into 
 parts, but yet constitute an individual; e. g., 
 a morula. 
 
 Diagnose (di'-ag-nos). See Diagnosticate. 
 
 Diagnosis (di-ag-no'-sis) [oca, apart; jvibaig, 
 knowledge]. The determination of the nature 
 of a disease. D., Anatomic. 1. A diagnosis 
 based upon the recognition of definite ana- 
 tomic alterations lying back of the phenomena. 
 2. A postmortem diagnosis. D., Differen- 
 tial, the distinguishing between two diseases 
 of similar character by comparing their symp- 
 toms. D. by Exclusion, the recognition of 
 a disease by excluding all other known 
 conditions. D., Pathologic, the diagnosis 
 of the structural lesions present in a disease. 
 D., Physical, the determination of disease 
 by inspection, palpation, percussion, or aus- 
 cultation. D., Topographic, that based 
 upon the seat of a lesion. 
 
 Diagnostic (di-ag-nos' -tik) [diagnosis]. Serv- 
 ing as evidence in diagnosis. 
 
 Diagnosticate, Diagnose {di-ag-nos' -tik-dt, 
 di'-ag-nos) [diagnosis]. To make a diagnosis. 
 
 Diagnostician (di-ag-nos-tish' -an) [diagnosis]. 
 One skilled in making diagnoses. 
 
 Diagnostics (di-ag-nos' '-tiks) [diagnosis]. The 
 science and art of diagnosis. 
 
 Diagnostitial {di-ag-nos-tish' -at). Procedure 
 having a diagnostic purpose. 
 
 Diahydric (di-ah-hi' '-drik) [dta, through; udcop, 
 water]. Relating to transmission through 
 water, as a percussion-note through a stratum 
 of interposed fluid. 
 
 Dialysis (di-al'-is-is) [dca, through; Xbecv, to 
 loose]. The separation of several substances 
 from one another in solution by taking ad- 
 vantage of their differing diffusibility through 
 
 porous membranes. Those that pass through 
 readily are termed crystalloids, those that do 
 not, colloids. 
 
 Dialytic (di-al-it'-ik) [dialysis]. 1. Pertaining 
 to or similar to the process of dialysis. 2. 
 Producing relaxation (said of a remedy). 3. 
 A condition of divergent change or evolution. 
 
 Dialyzable (di-al-i' -za-bl) . Capable of being 
 separated by diffusion. 
 
 Dialyzed (di'-al-izd) [dialysis]. Separated by 
 dialysis. D. Raw Meat, a reddish fluid with 
 a slightly acid or bitter taste, prepared from 
 fresh beef or mutton to which are added 200 
 Gm. of water, 5 Gm. of hydrochloric acid, and 
 2 Gm. of pepsin; the whole is boiled at 38 
 C. for 5 or 6 hours. 
 
 Dialyzer (di' -al-i-zer) [dialysis]. An apparatus 
 for effecting dialysis; also the porous septum 
 or diaphragm of such an apparatus. 
 
 Diamagnetic (di-ah-mag-net'4k) [dca, across; 
 magnet]. Taking a position at right angles 
 to the lines of magnetic force. 
 
 Diameter (di-am'-et-er) [did., through; \xkxpov, 
 a measure]. A straight line joining opposite 
 points of a body or figure and passing through 
 its center. D., Craniometric, one of several 
 lines connecting points on opposite surfaces 
 of the cranium. Biparietal, that joining the 
 parietal eminences; bitemporal, that joining 
 the extremities of the coronal suture; occi- 
 pitofrontal, that joining the root of the nose 
 and the most prominent point of the occi- 
 put; occipitomental, that joining the external 
 occipital protuberance and the chin; trachelo- 
 bregmatic, that joining the center of the 
 anterior fontanel and the junction of the 
 neck and floor of the mouth. D,, Pelvic, 
 any one of the diameters of the pelvis. The 
 most important are the following: antero- 
 posterior (of pelvic inlet), that which joins 
 the sacrovertebral angle and the pubic sym- 
 physis; anteroposterior (of pelvic outlet), that 
 which joins the tip of the coccyx with the 
 subpubic ligament; conjugate, the antero- 
 posterior diameter of the pelvic inlet; conju- 
 gate, diagonal, that connecting the sacro- 
 vertebral angle and subpubic ligament; 
 conjugate, external, that connecting the de- 
 pression above the spine of the first sacral 
 vertebra and the middle of the upper border 
 of the symphysis pubis; conjugate, true, that 
 connecting the sacrovertebral angle and the 
 most prominent portion of the posterior 
 aspect of the symphysis pubis; transverse (of 
 pelvic inlet), that connecting the two most 
 widely separated points of the pelvic inlet; 
 transverse (of pelvic outlet), that connecting 
 the ischial tuberosities. 
 
 Diametric (di-am-et'-rik). 1. Of, pertaining 
 to, or coinciding with a diameter — extremely 
 opposed. D. Pupil, one which constitutes 
 a vertical slit, as is the case after two iridec- 
 tomies, one upward and the other downward. 
 
 Diamid (di'-am-id) [di, two; amid]. A double 
 amid formed by replacing hydrogen in two 
 ammonia molecules by an acid radicle. See 
 Hydrazin. 
 
DIAMIN 
 
 345 
 
 DIARRHEA 
 
 Diamin (di'-am-in) [di, two; atom]. An amin 
 formed by replacing hydrogen in two mole- 
 cules of ammonia by a basic radicle. See 
 Amin. 
 
 Diaminuria {di-am-in-u' -re-ah) [diamin; oupov, 
 urine]. The presence of diamin compounds 
 in the urine. 
 
 Diapedesis {di-ah-ped-e' -sis) [dca, through; 
 xrjddv, to leap]. The passage of the blood 
 through the unruptured vessel-walls. 
 
 Diaphane {di'-aj-dn) [oca, through; cfrahecv, to 
 show], i. A transparent investing membrane 
 of an organ or cell. 2. A small electric lamp 
 used in transillumination. 
 
 Diaphaneity idi-af-an-e' -it-e) . Transparency. 
 
 Diaphanometer {di-af-an-om'-et-er). See Lac- 
 toscope. 
 
 Diaphanoscope {di-aj-an' -o-skop) [dca<f>avr}c, 
 translucent; okotzs'cv, to inspect]. An instru- 
 ment for illuminating the interior of a body- 
 cavity so as to render the boundaries of the 
 cavity visible from the exterior. 
 
 Diaphanoscopy {di-af-an-os' -ko-pe) [see Dia- 
 phanoscope]. Examination of body-cavities 
 by means of an introduced incandescent elec- 
 tric light. 
 
 Diaphoresis {di-ah-jor-e'-sis) [did, through; 
 <f>op£~cv, to carry]. Perspiration especially 
 perceptible perspiration. 
 
 Diaphoretic (di-ah-for-ef '-ik) [diaphoresis]. 
 1. Causing an increase of perspiration. 2. 
 A medicine that induces diaphoresis. 
 
 Diaphotoscope {di-ah-fo' '-to-skop) [dca, through; 
 4><Joc, light; aKOTieiv, to inspect]. A variety 
 of endoscope. 
 
 Diaphragm (di' '-ah-fram) [dca, across; <f>pd-jrfia, 
 a wall], i. The musculomembranous parti- 
 tion that separates the thorax and abdomen. 
 It is the chief muscle of respiration. 2. A 
 thin septum, such as is used in dialysis. 3. 
 In a microscope, a perforated plate placed 
 between the mirror and object to regulate the 
 amount of light that is to pass through the 
 object. 
 
 Diaphragmatic (di-ah-frag-matf -Ik) [dia- 
 phragm]. Relating to the diaphragm. D. 
 Phenomenon, Litten's sign: in a state of 
 health there can be seen a shadow rising 
 and falling from the vertebral column to 
 the attachment of the diaphragm from the 
 seventh rib to the convexity; this move- 
 ment can be seen through the thoracic walls, 
 and shows the intensity of respiration and 
 the limit of the diaphragm between its posi- 
 tion on inspiration and that on expiration. 
 The upper position corresponds to the liver- 
 margin in the state of rest. Deviations of 
 the extent of movement mark certain patho- 
 logic states. 
 
 Diaphragmatocele (di - ah -frag - mat' -o- set) 
 [diaphragm; nrjXr], hernia]. Hernia through 
 the diaphragm. 
 
 Diaphtherin (di-af f -ther-in) [dcacfrdecpscv, to de- 
 stroy]. Oxyquinaseptol; a coal-tar deriva- 
 tive composed of two molecules of oxyquinolin 
 and one of aseptol. It is a yellow powder, 
 with a phenol-like odor, and is used as an 
 
 antiseptic in solutions varying in strength 
 from 1 to 50 %. 
 
 Diaphtol {di-af'-tol), C ? H 7 4 SN. Orthooxyqui- 
 nolin-metasulfonic acid. It is used in internal 
 disinfection of the urinary tract in place of 
 salol. Syn., Chinaseptol; Quinaseptol. 
 
 Diaphysis {di-a}'-is-is) [dca, through; <f)ueodac, 
 to grow]. 1. The shaft of a long bone. 2. 
 An interspace. 3. A prominent part of a 
 bony process. 4. A ligament of the knee- 
 joint. 
 
 Diaplasis (di-ap' -las-is) [dcdnXaacc, the setting 
 of a broken limb]. Reduction, as of a dis- 
 location or fracture. 
 
 Diaplastic (di-ah-plas 1 '-tik) [diaplasis]. 1. 
 Relating to the setting of a fracture or 
 reduction of a dislocation. 2. Any applica- 
 tion for a fracture or dislocation. 
 
 Diapophysis {di-ap -of -is -is) [dca, apart; 
 anb(j)uocc, an outgrowth]. The superior or 
 articular part of a transverse process of a 
 vertebra. 
 
 Diarius (di-a'-re-us) [dies, a day]. Enduring 
 but a single day. 
 
 Diarrhea (di-ar-e'-ah) [dca, through; pe'cv, 
 to flow]. A condition characterized by in- 
 creased frequency and lessened consistence 
 of the fecal evacuations. D., Atonic. See 
 D., Camp, and D., Chronic. D., Atrophic. 
 See D., Colliquative. D., Camp, a form 
 of diarrhea common among soldiers. The 
 discharges are apt to be purulent, and' there 
 is liability to thickening and ulceration of 
 the colon. Syn., Atonic diarrhea. Diarrhoea 
 carnosa, dysentery in which flesh-like masses 
 are passed. D., Catarrhal. 1. A form 
 which is often epidemic at times when catarrhs 
 are prevalent. 2. That of catarrhal gastritis 
 or enteritis. Syn., Diarrhoea acuta serosa 
 mucosa; Diarrhoza pituitosa; Mucous coli- 
 tis; Phlegmatic diarrhea; Rheumatic diar- 
 rhea. D., Choleraic, severe, acute diarrhea 
 with serous stools, and accompanied by 
 vomiting and collapse. D., Chronic, that 
 characterized by continuous and intractable 
 discharges, often offensive, bloody, or con- 
 taining undigested food. It occurs as a mani- 
 festation of an intestinal lesion or of a con- 
 stitutional disease. Syn., Atonic diarrhea; 
 Diarrhoza habitualis; Mucous colitis. D., 
 Colliquative, that characterized by exces- 
 sively frequent and copious discharges and 
 extreme prostration, and occurring, as a rule, 
 toward the close of a chronic disease. Syn., 
 Atrophic diarrhea. D., Feculent. See D., 
 Simple. D., Green, a form occurring in 
 infants and marked by green alvine dis- 
 charges. It is infectious and due to the 
 bacillus of Lesage, or Bacillus fluorescens 
 nonliquefaciens, Schiller. See under Bacteria. 
 D., Inflammatory, that caused by congestion 
 of the intestinal mucosa following sudden 
 chilling of the body-surface, suppression of 
 perspiration or menstruation. It frequently 
 constitutes the socalled cholera infantum and 
 sthenic diarrhea. D., Lienteric, a form of 
 diarrhea characterized by the passage of fluid 
 
DIARTHRODIAL 
 
 346 
 
 DIATELA 
 
 stools containing masses of undigested food. 
 D., Membranous, a form characterized by 
 the presence of mucous shreds in the stools. 
 It may be chronic or subacute, and alter- 
 nate with constipation. Hysteric symptoms, 
 * griping, and abdominal tenderness are often 
 present. Syn., Tubular diarrhea. D., Mu- 
 cous. See Colitis, Mucous. P., Pancre- 
 atic, a persistent form in which the dis- 
 charges are thin and viscid. It is supposed 
 to depend upon disease of the pancreas. D., 
 Parasitic, a diarrhea incited by the presence 
 of intestinal parasites. Cf . Diarrhoea verminosa. 
 Diarrhoea pituitosa. See D., Catarrhal. D., 
 Simple, that form in which the evacuations 
 consist of fecal matter only. Syn., Diarrhcea 
 fusa; Diarrhoea stercoralis; Diarrhoea vulgaris; 
 Feculent diarrhea; Saburral diarrhea. Diar- 
 rhoea stercoralis, D. stercorea, D. stercor- 
 osa. See D., Simple. D., Sthenic. See D., 
 Inflammatory. D., Strumous, a chronic form 
 frequently met in underfed, strumous children. 
 D., Summer, an acute form occurring during 
 the intense heat of summer. D., Summer, 
 of Children, that due to Bacillus dysenterice, 
 Shiga, and etiologically identical with acute 
 bacillary dysentery of adults. D., Tubular. 
 See D., Membranous. Diarrhoea urinosa. 
 See Diabetes. Diarrhoea verminosa, that 
 due to intestinal worms. Cf. D., Parasitic. 
 D., Zymotic. Synonym of Dysentery. 
 
 Diarthrodial {di-ar-thro' -de-al) [see Diarthro- 
 sis]. Relating to or of the nature of a 
 diarthrosis. 
 
 Diarthrosis {di-ar -thro' -sis) [did, through; 
 apdptoocc, articulation]. A form of articulation 
 characterized by mobility. T^he various forms 
 are : arthrodia, in which the bones glide upon 
 plane surfaces; enarthrosis, ball-and-socket 
 joint, with motion in all directions; gingly- 
 mus, or hinge-joint, with backward and 
 forward motion; and D. rotatoria, with 
 pivotal movement. Syn., Per -articulation; Pros- 
 arthrosis. D. ambigua. SeeAmphiarthro- 
 sis. D. obliqua, an inconstant articulation 
 between the spinous processes of adjacent lum- 
 bar vertebras. D. obliqua accessoria, a 
 double articulation sometimes formed by the 
 spinous processes of adjacent dorsal or lumbar 
 vertebras near the basal ends of the processes. 
 D., Planiform, arthrodia. D., Rotatory, 
 D., Synarthrodial, D., Trochoid, D. troch- 
 oides. See Cyclarthrosis. 
 
 Diarthrotic {di-ar-throt'-ik). See Diarthrodial. 
 
 Diasostic {di-as -os'-tik) [dtaooj^etv, to preserve]. 
 Pertaining to hygiene or the preservation of 
 health; hygienic; diateretic. 
 
 Diastase {di'-as-tas) [see Diastasis]. A 
 nitrogenous vegetable ferment found in 
 malt; it converts starch into glucose. D., 
 Animal, a general term for the amylolytic 
 enzyms of animals, ptyalin, amylopsin, and 
 the special enzym of the liver capable of 
 converting glycogen into sugar. D., Pan- 
 creatic, amylopsin. D., Salivary, ptyalin. 
 D., Vegetable, the enzym of germinating 
 seeds; diastase proper. 
 
 Diastasic, Diastatic (di-as' '-tas-ik, di-as-tat' -ik) 
 [diastase], i. Pertaining to diastase. 2. Per- 
 taining to diastasis. 
 
 Diastasis {di-as' -ta-sis) [ocdoraocc, separation]. 
 1. The separation of an epiphysis from the 
 body of a bone without true fracture. 2. A 
 dislocation of an amphiarthrotic joint. 
 
 Diastema {di-as-te'-ma) [ptdoxt)p.a, a fissure]. 
 A cleft or fissure. 
 
 Diastematenteria (di - as - tem-at-en-te' -re-ah) 
 [diastema; evzepov, intestine]. A longitudinal 
 fissure of the intestine. Syn., Diastementeria. 
 
 Diastematia {di-as-tem-a' -she-ah) [diastema]. 
 An abnormity in which the body is split 
 or fissured longitudinally. Syn., Diastemato- 
 caulia. 
 
 Diastematocrania {di-as-tem-at-o-kra' -ne-ah) 
 [diastema; upav'tov, the skull]. A skull con- 
 genially cleft along the median line. 
 
 Diastematogastria {di-as-tem-at-o-gas' -tre-ah) 
 [diastema; yaozrjp, stomach]. A mesial fis- 
 sure of the ventral wall of the body. 
 
 Diastematoglossia {di-as-tem-at-o-glos' -e-ah) 
 [diastema; yXwooa, the tongue]. A congenital 
 longitudinal fissure of the tongue. 
 
 Diastematomyelia {di-as -tem-at-o-mi-e'-le -ah) 
 [diastema; [loeXoc, marrow]. A congenital 
 splitting or doubling of the spinal cord. 
 
 Diastematopyelia {di-as-tem-at-o-pi-e' -le-ah) 
 [diastema; TtbtXog, a trough]. A mesial fis- 
 sure of the pelvis. 
 
 Diastematorrachia {di-as-tem-at-o-ra'-ke-ah) 
 [diastema; pd%tc, the spine]. A congenital 
 longitudinal fissure of the vertebral column. 
 
 Diastematorrhinia {di-as-tem-at-or-in' -e-ah) 
 [diastema; pec, the nose]. A congenital 
 mesial fissure of the nose. 
 
 Diastematostaphylia {di -as - tern -at-o - staf- 
 il'-e-ah) [diastema; ozacfruXrj, the uvula]. A 
 congenital mesial fissure of the uvula. 
 
 Diastementeria {di-as -tem-en-te' -re-ah). See 
 Diastematenteria. 
 
 Diaster {di-as' -ter). The karyokinetic figure 
 assumed by the aster of a dividing nucleus 
 before the formation of the stars at the ends 
 of the nuclear spindle. It is the sixth stage 
 of karyokinesis. See Karyokinesis. 
 
 Diastol {di'-as-tol). A proprietary malt ex- 
 tract. 
 
 Diastole {di-as' -to-le) [dcaozolrj, a drawing 
 apart]. The period of dilation of a cham- 
 ber of the heart; used alone it signifies 
 diastole of the ventricles. D., Arterial, 
 the expansion of an artery following the 
 ventricular systole. D., Auricular, the 
 dilation of the cardiac auricle. D., Car- 
 diac, the period of expansion which follows 
 a cardiac contraction. D., Ventricular, 
 the dilation of the cardiac ventricles. 
 
 Diastolic {di-as -tol'-ik) [diastole]. Pertaining 
 to the diastole of the heart. 
 
 Diastrophometry {di-as-tro-fom'-et-re) [dcao- 
 rpo(f>rj, distortion; p.kzpov, a measure]. The 
 measurement of deformities. 
 
 Diatela, Diatele {di-at-e'-lah, di'-at-el) [ded, 
 between; tela, a web]. The membranous 
 roof of the diacele. 
 
 . 
 
DIATERETIC 
 
 347 
 
 DICHROMATOPSIA 
 
 Diateretic (di-ah-ter-ef '-ik) [dcarypelv, to watch 
 closely]. Of or pertaining to the practice of 
 hygiene; diasostic. 
 
 Diathermal, Diathermanous (di-ath-er' -mal, 
 di-ath-er' -man-us) [oca, through; dipp.1), heat]. 
 Permeable by waves of radiant heat. 
 
 Diathermometer {di-ah-ther-mom' -et-er) [dia; 
 thermometer]. An appliance for measuring the 
 heat-conducting capacity of substances. 
 
 Diathesin (di-ath'-es-in), C 7 . H 8 . 2 . A sub- 
 stitute for salicylic acid, the salicylates, and 
 salicin; its use is indicated in gouty diatheses. 
 Dose 75-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Diathesis {di-ath' -es-is) [dia; zcdevac, to ar- 
 range]. A state or condition of the body 
 whereby it is especially liable to certain 
 diseases, such as gout, calculus, diabetes, 
 etc. It may be acquired or hereditary. D., 
 Bilious, the morbid condition that follows 
 chronic disturbance of the portal circulation 
 and imperfect elimination of bile. D., Cal- 
 culous, a constitutional tendency to the 
 formation of calculi. D., Cancerous. See 
 Cachexia, Cancerous. D., Catarrhal, a 
 tendency to excessive secretion of mucus. 
 D., Climatic, a morbid state of body de- 
 pendent upon local physical conditions, as 
 elevation, soil, water, humidity, etc. D., 
 Congestive, a constitutional tendency to 
 vasomotor disturbances and local conges- 
 tions. D., Gouty, D., Lithic. See D., 
 Uric-acid. D., Hemorrhagic. See Hem- 
 ophilia.- D., Osseous, D., Ossific, a ten- 
 dency to abnormal development of bony 
 tissues. D., Osteophytic, a constitutional 
 tendency to the formation of abnormal 
 ankyloses. D., Psychopathic, a hereditary 
 predisposition to mental derangement. D., 
 Rheumatic. See D., Uric-acid. D., 
 Scorbutic. See Scurvy. D., Scrofulous, 
 a hereditary predisposition to scrofulous 
 affections. Syn., Strumous diathesis. D., 
 Strumous. See D., Scrofulous. D., Syph- 
 ilitic, hereditary syphilis. D., Tuberculous, 
 a constitutional inability to resist tuberculous 
 infection. Syn., Phthisical diathesis. D., 
 Uric-acid, a constitutional tendency to the 
 accumulation of uric acid and urates in the 
 fluids of the body and the development of 
 rheumatism, gout, etc.; the arthritic, gouty, 
 rheumatic, or lithic diathesis. 
 
 Diathetic [di-ath-ef -ik) [diathesis]. Relating 
 to a diathesis. 
 
 Diatomic [di-at-om' -ik) [dec, two; drop.oc, 
 atom].- 1. Consisting of two atoms. 2. 
 Having two hydrogen atoms replaceable by 
 radicles. 
 
 Diaxon (di-aks'-on) [dis; a^cov, axis]. 1. In 
 biology, having two axes. 2. A neuron having 
 two axons. 
 
 Diazo- (di-az-o-) [dis; azotum, nitrogen]. A 
 prefix signifying that a compound contains 
 phenyl, C 6 H 5 , united with a radicle consist- 
 ing of two nitrogen atoms. D.-reactiQn, 
 D.-test, a urinary test, valuable in the diag- 
 nosis of enteric fever. The solutions required 
 are: (a) A saturated solution of sulfanilic 
 
 acid in a 5 % solution of hydrochloric acid; 
 (b) a 0.5 % solution of sodium nitrite. Mix 
 a and b in the proportion of 40 Cc. of a to 
 1 Cc. of b, and to a few cubic centimeters 
 add an equal volume of urine, and, after 
 shaking well, .allow a few drops of ammonia 
 to flow down the side of the tube. A garnet- 
 red color at the point of contact denotes the 
 reaction, or a rose-pink foam after shaking. 
 
 Diazonal {di-az' -o-nal) [dca, through; ^ojvt], 
 a zone]. Applied by Fiirbringer to nerve- 
 trunks which lie across a sclerozone. 
 
 Dibasic {di-ba'-sik) [die, two; fiaotc, base]. 
 Of a salt, containing two atoms of a mono- 
 basic element or radicle; of an acid, having 
 two replaceable hydrogen atoms. 
 
 Dibenzyl (di-ben' -zil) , C U H U . A compound 
 prepared by the action of sodium upon 
 benzyl chlorid. 
 
 Dibenzylamin {di-ben-zil' -am-in) , C U H 15 N. An 
 oily liquid having the constitution of am- 
 monia in which two atoms of hydrogen are re- 
 placed by two molecules of benzyl. 
 
 Diborated (di-bo'-ra-ted). Combined with two 
 molecules of boric acid. 
 
 Dibromated idi-bro' '-ma-ted). Containing two 
 atoms of bromin in the molecule. 
 
 Dibromethane idi-bro-meth-dn'). See Ethyl- 
 ene Bromid. 
 
 Dibromid idi-bro' -mid). A compound con- 
 sisting of an element or radicle and two atoms 
 of bromin. 
 
 Dicalcic {di-kaV -sik) . Containing two atoms 
 of calcium in each molecule. D. Ortho- 
 phosphate, Ca 2 H 2 (P0 4 ) 2 , a salt occurring 
 in urinary deposits. 
 
 Dicephalous {di-sef -al-us) [dicephalus]. Two- 
 headed. 
 
 Dicephalus {di-sef -al-us) [dec, two; Kecfrahr], a 
 head]. A monster with two heads. 
 
 Dichloracetic Acid {di-klor-as-e'-tik). See 
 Acid, Dichloracetic. 
 
 Dichloralantipyrin {di-klo-ral-an-te-pi' -rin) . 
 See Antipyrin Bichloral. 
 
 Dichlorethane {di-klor-eth'-dn). See Ethene 
 Chlorid. 
 
 Dichlorid [di-klo' -rid) . A compound in each 
 molecule of which two atoms of chlorin are 
 combined with an element or radicle. 
 
 Dichlormethane {di-klor-meth'-an). See 
 Methylene Dichlorid. 
 
 Dichotomy {di-kot' -o-me) [d'c%a, in two; xkp.vtcv, 
 to cut]. The state of being bifid; the phenom- 
 enon of bifurcation. D., Anterior, said of 
 a double monster united below the upper 
 limbs. D., Posterior, said of a double 
 monster in which the two individuals are 
 fused above the posterior extremities. 
 
 Dichroism {di'-kro-izm). See Dichromism. 
 
 Dichromasy {di-kro'-mas-e) [die, two; xpi^iia, 
 color]. The condition of a dichromat; in- 
 ability to distinguish more than two colors. 
 
 Dichromat {di'-kro-mat). A person with 
 dichromatopsia. Cf. Monochromat; Trichro- 
 mat. 
 
 Dichromatopsia {di-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [dis; 
 Xpajfia, color; o^cc, sight]. A form of color- 
 
DICHROMIC 
 
 348 
 
 DIFFERENTIAL 
 
 blindness in which there are two sharply lim- 
 ited regions at the ends of the spectrum, within 
 which there are no changes of hue, but merely 
 of intensity. All other parts of the spectrum, 
 the "middle region," can be produced by mix- 
 tures of the two end regions. 
 
 Dichromic {di-kro' -mik) . i. Marked by two 
 colors. 2. Containing two atoms of chro- 
 mium. 
 
 Dichromism {di-kro' -miztn) [di-; xpcop-a, color]. 
 The state of presenting one color when seen 
 by reflected light, and another when seen by 
 transmitted light. See also Dichromatopsia. 
 
 Dichromophilism {di-kro-mo}' -il-izm) [di-; 
 Xpd)}J.a, color; (f>ds7v, to love]. Capability for 
 double staining. 
 
 Dichromous, Dichroous, Dichrous {di'-kro- 
 mus, di'-kro-us, di'-krus). Having two colors; 
 relating to dichroism. 
 
 Dicinchonin {di-sin' -kon-in) [di-; cinchona], 
 C 38 H 44 N 4 2 . An alkaloid of cinchona-bark. 
 
 Diclidostosis {di-klid-os-to'-sis) [dcK^ldsc, fold- 
 ing doors; ooriov, a bone]. Ossification of 
 the venous valves. Syn., Osteodiclis. 
 
 Dicrotic {di-krot'-ik) [dt/cpozoc, double beating]. 
 Having a double beat. D. Pulse. See Di- 
 crotism. D. Wave, the recoil-wave of the 
 sphygmographic tracing, generated by closure 
 of the aortic valves. 
 
 Dicrotism {di' - kro - tizm) [see Dicrotic]. A 
 condition of the pulse in which with every 
 wave there is given to the finger of the ex- 
 aminer the sensation of two beats. It is 
 present when the arterial tension is low. 
 
 Didactic {di-dak' '-tik) [dcdaKxtnoc, apt at 
 teaching]. Teaching by description and 
 theory. 
 
 Didelphic, Didelphous {di-del'-fik, -Jus) [dec, 
 double; deX<j>'JC, the uterus]. Having a double 
 uterus. 
 
 Diduction {di-duk' -shun) [diducere, to draw 
 apart]. Abduction of two parts; the with- 
 drawal of a part. 
 
 Diductor {di-duk' -tor) [diduction]. A muscle 
 which in action produces diduction. 
 
 Didymin {did' -im-in) [d'c8u[xoc, the testes]. A 
 dry preparation made from the testes of the 
 ox. Aphrodisiac dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.). In 
 larger doses it is hypnotic. 
 
 Didymium {di-dim' -e-um) [deduptoe, twin]. A 
 rare metallic element. D. Chlorid, Di 2 Cl 6 
 + i2H 2 0. A recommended noncaustic dis- 
 infectant in solutions of 1 : 500 to 1 : 1000. 
 D. Nitrate, Di 2 (N0 3 ) 6 + i2H 2 0; an effi- 
 cient bactericide. D. Salicylate, a waste- 
 product in the manufacture of mantles for 
 incandescent gas-lights. " It is an excellent 
 topical siccative and antiseptic, employed in 
 the form of 10 % pomade in burns and cuta- 
 neous affections. Syn., Dymal. D. Sulfate, 
 Di 2 (S0 4 )a + oH 2 0, hygroscopic crystals used 
 as a disinfectant in the form of a dusting- 
 powder. 
 
 Dielectric {di - el - ek' - trik) [dca, through; 
 TJhKrpov, amber]. Transmitting electricity 
 by induction and not by conduction. D., 
 Pseudo-, any compound which acts as a 
 
 dielectric when pure, but as an electrolyte 
 when mixed with other members of its own class. 
 
 Diencephalon {di-en-sef'-al-on) [dca, between; 
 ij-icecfraAoc, brain]. That part of the brain be- 
 tween the prosencephalon and the mesencepha- 
 lon. It includes the thalami and the third ven- 
 tricle. Syn., Between-brain; Thalamence- 
 phalon. 
 
 Dieresis {di-er' -es -is) [dcacpsocc, a division], 
 A solution of continuity, as a wound, ulcera- 
 tion, etc. 
 
 Dieretic {di-er -et'-ik) [dieresis]. Destructive; 
 escharotic; corrosive. 
 
 Diestrous, Dicestrous {di-es' -trus) . Pertaining 
 to a type of sexual season in female animals 
 in which there is a short period of sexual rest. 
 
 Diestrum, Dicestrum {di-es' -trum) [dca, be- 
 tween; o'corpog, gad-fly]. Heape's term for 
 the short period of sexual rest characteristic 
 of some female animals. 
 
 Diet {di'-et) [dcacra, a system or mode of living]. 
 The food taken regularly by an individual; 
 the food adapted to a certain state of the 
 body, as fever-diet, convalescent-diet. D., 
 Banting's. See Banting Cure. D., Bland, 
 one consisting of food that is free from 
 the ingredients which excite heat, but con- 
 taining all the nutrients — albumin, car- 
 bohydrates, and fat — necessary for the main- 
 tenance of man. D., Diabetic, a diet mostly 
 of meats and green vegetables, starches and 
 sugars being excluded. D., Fever-, a nutri- 
 tious, easily digestible liquid or semiliquid 
 diet, usually with milk and meat -broths as a 
 basis. D., Gouty, a diet of simple nutritious 
 food, avoiding wines, fats, pastries, and much 
 meat. D., Tuffnell's, a highly nutritious 
 diet, including but a small amount of liquids, 
 employed in the treatment of aneurysm. 
 
 Dietary {di'-et-a-re) [diet]. A system of food- 
 regulation intended to meet the requirements 
 of the animal economy. 
 
 Dietetic {di-et-et'-ik) [diei\. Pertaining to diet. 
 
 Diethyl {di-eth'-il), C 4 H 10 . A double molecule 
 of ethyl; in a free state it constitutes normal 
 butane. D. Acetal. See Acetal (1). D. 
 Acetone, D. Ketone, C 2 H 5 C 2 H 5 . CO. A 
 hypnotic liquid used in mania. Syn., Propione. 
 D. Glycocoll-guaiacol Hydro chlorate, an 
 antiseptic used in pulmonary tuberculosis, 
 ozena, etc. Dose 15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.). Syn., 
 Gujasanol. 
 
 Diethylamin {di-eth-il'-am-in), NC 4 H n . A non- 
 poisonous, liquid ptomain obtained from pu- 
 trefying fish. 
 
 Diethylenediamin. See Piperazin. 
 
 Dietl's Crises. See Crises, Dietl's. 
 
 Dietotherapy {di-et-o-ther' -ap-e) [diet; Oepaneca, 
 therapy]. The regulation of diet for thera- 
 peutic purposes. 
 
 Dietrich's Reaction for Uric Acid. A red 
 coloration results from the addition of a solu- 
 tion of sodium hypochlorite or hypobromite 
 to the uric -acid solution. The color vanishes 
 on adding caustic alkali. 
 
 Differential {dif-er-en'-shal) [differentia, dif- 
 ference]. Pertaining to or creating a differ- 
 
DIFFERENTIATION 
 
 349 
 
 DIGITALIN 
 
 ence. D. Diagnosis. See Diagnosis, Differ- 
 ential. D. Staining, a method of staining 
 tubercle bacilli, syphilis bacilli, etc., founded 
 upon the fact that they retain the color in the 
 presence of certain reagents that decolorize 
 the surrounding tissues. 
 
 Differentiation (dif -er-en-she-a' -shun) [see Dif- 
 ferential], i. The act or process of distin- 
 guishing or making different. 2. Changing 
 from general to special characters; specializa- 
 tion. 
 
 Diffluence (dif f -lu-enz) [diffluere, to flow apart]. 
 The condition of being almost liquefied. 
 
 Diffraction (dif -rak' -shun) [dis, apart; }r ac- 
 tus, broken]. The deflection or the separation 
 into its component parts that takes place in 
 a ray of light when it passes through a narrow 
 slit or aperture. D. Grating, a strip of glass 
 closely ruled with fine lines; it is often used 
 in the spectroscope in the place of the battery 
 of prisms. 
 
 Diffusate (dif'-u-sat) [diffuse]. The portion of 
 the liquid which passes through the animal 
 membrane in dialysis, and holds crystalloid 
 matter in solution. 
 
 Diffuse (dif-us 1 ) [diffundere, to spread by 
 pouring]. Scattered; not limited to one tissue 
 or spot; opposed to localized. 
 
 Diffusibility (dif-u-si-biV-it-e). Capacity for 
 being diffused. D. of Gases, Dalton's term 
 for that property by which two or more gases 
 confined in an inclosed space expand as if 
 the space were occupied by one gas alone, 
 the elastic force of the mixture being equal 
 to the sum of the elastic forces of all the com- 
 bined gases. 
 
 Diffusible (dif-u'-zib-l) [diffuse]. Spreading 
 rapidly; capable of passing through a porous 
 membrane; applied to certain quickly acting 
 stimulants, usually of transient effect. 
 
 Diffusion (dif-u'-zhun) [diffuse]. A spread- 
 ing -out. D. -circle, the imperfect image 
 formed by incomplete focalization, the posi- 
 tion of the true focus not having been 
 reached by some of the rays of light or else 
 having been passed. 
 
 Difluordiphenyl, Difluorodiphenyl (di-flu-or- 
 di-fen'-il, -o-di-fen' -il) , C 6 H 4 F1 — C 6 H 4 F1; used 
 as a 10% dusting-powder or as a 10% oint- 
 ment in treating luetic ulcers, etc. 
 
 Digallic Acid (di-gaV-ik). Synonym of Tannic 
 acid. 
 
 Digastric (di-gas' '-trik) [dec, two; yaaxrip, 
 belly]. Having two bellies, as the digastric 
 muscle. 
 
 Digenesis (di-jen'-es-is) [dec, two; yheacc, 
 generation]. In biology, the alternation of 
 sexual and asexual generation. 
 
 Digenetic (di-jen-et'-ik) [digenesis]. Relating 
 to alternate generation. 
 
 Digenism (di'-jen-izm). 1. See Digenesis. 
 2. The combined or concurrent action of 
 two causes. 
 
 Digest (di-jest') [digerere, to digest]. 1. To 
 make food capable of ' absorption and assim- 
 ilation. 2. In pharmacy, to macerate in a 
 liquid medium. 
 
 Digestant (di-jesf -ant) [digest]. A substance 
 that assists digestion of the food. 
 
 Digester (di-jesf -er) [digest]. An autoclave or 
 apparatus for destructive distillation. 
 
 Digestion (di-jes' -chun) [digest]. Those pro- 
 cesses whereby the food taken into an 
 organism is made capable of being ab- 
 sorbed and assimilated by the body-tissues. 
 D., Artificial, digestion carried on outside 
 of the body. D., Gastric, digestion by the 
 action of the gastric juice. D., Intestinal, 
 digestion by the action of the intestinal juices, 
 including the action of the bile and the pan- 
 creatic fluid. D., Pancreatic, digestion by 
 the action of the pancreatic juice. D., Peptic. 
 See D., Gastric. D., Primary, gastrointesti- 
 nal digestion. D., Salivary, digestion by the 
 saliva. D., Secondary, the assimilation by 
 the body -cells of their appropriate pabulum. 
 
 Digestive (di-jes' -tiv) [digestion]. 1. Relating to 
 or favoring digestion. 2. An agent that pro- 
 motes digestion. D. Tract, the whole ali- 
 mentary canal from the mouth to the anus. 
 
 Digit (dif -it) [digitus, finger]. A finger or toe. 
 
 Digital (dij'-it-al) [digit]. 1. Pertaining to 
 the fingers or toes. 2. Performed with the 
 fingers. 3. Resembling a depression made 
 with a finger-tip; e. g., digital 'fossa. D. 
 Arteries, the arteries of the hands and 
 feet supplying the digits. See under Artery. 
 D. Compression, the stoppage of a flow of 
 blood by pressure with the finger. D. Ex- 
 amination, examination or exploration with 
 the finger. 
 
 Digitalacrin (dij-it-al-ak'-rin), C 25 H 46 6 . A 
 substance obtained from digitalis. 
 
 Digitalein (dij-it-al'-e-in). 1. One of the con- 
 stituents of digitalis. 2. A cardiac tonic and 
 diuretic. Dose fa-^ g r - (0.001-0.002 Gm.) 
 2 to 4 times daily. 
 
 Digitaletin (dij-it-al-et'-in), C 22 H 38 9 . A sub- 
 stance obtained from digitalin by heating 
 with dilute acid. 
 
 Digitaliform (dif-it-aV -e-form) [digit; forma, 
 form]. Finger-shaped. 
 
 Digitalin, Digitalinum (dij-it-al'-in, dij-it-al'- 
 in-um) [digitalis]. 1. C 5 H 8 2 (?). The active 
 principle of Digitalis purpurea. Dose fa— fa 
 gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.). 2. A precipitate from a 
 tincture of Digitalis purpurea. Unof. D., 
 Crystallized. See Digitin. D., French, a 
 yellowish, odorless, bitter powder, said to con- 
 sist of digitalin with some digitoxin. It is used 
 as a heart -tonic. Dose -ji-o gr. (0.00026 Gm.) 
 rapidly increased to ■£■ 5- gr. (0.0016 Gm.) daily; 
 maximum dose £g gr. (0.0013 Gm.) daily. 
 Syn., Chloroformic digitalin; Homolle's amor- 
 phous digitalin; Insoluble digitalin. D., Ger- 
 man, a white or yellowish powder, said to con- 
 sist of digitalein with some digitonin and digi- 
 talin. It is a noncumulative heart -tonic and 
 diuretic. Dose fa— fa gr. (0.001-0.002 Gm.) 3 
 or 4 times daily in pills or subcutaneously; 
 maximum dose T V gr. (0.004 Gm.) single; | gr. 
 (0.022 Gm.) daily. Antidotes: emetics, tannic 
 acid, saponin, nitroglycerin, morphin early, 
 strophanthin later, alcoholic stimulants, etc. 
 
DIGITALIRETIN 
 
 350 
 
 DIIODODITHYMOL 
 
 D., Homolle's, D., Insoluble. See D., 
 
 . French. D., Kilian's, a white, amorphous 
 powder, exerting the characteristic effect of 
 digitalis leaves. Dose 3-^0 gr. (0.00025 Gm.). 
 Syn., Digitalinum verum kiliani. D., 
 Nativelle's, D.-nativelle, C 26 H 40 O ]5 ; said 
 to consist chiefly of digitoxin. It is recom- 
 mended as a heart-tonic and in pulmonary 
 inflammation. Dose Turner g r - (0.00065- 
 0.001 Gm.). D., Soluble. See D., German. 
 
 Digitaliretin, Digitalirrhetin (dij-it-al-i-ref- 
 in), C 16 H 26 3 . A substance obtained from 
 digitalin by action of dilute acid with 
 heat. 
 
 Digitalis (dij-it-a' -lis) [digitalis, pertaining to 
 the fingers]. Foxglove. The digitalis of the 
 U. S. P. is the leaves of D. purpurea. It 
 contains an amorphous complex substance, 
 digitalin, that does not, however, represent 
 the full properties of the leaves. It is a 
 powerful cardiac stimulant, strengthening 
 the systole and lengthening the diastole of the 
 heart. It also acts as a diuretic; in large 
 doses it causes gastric disturbance. It is 
 employed mainly in diseases of the heart 
 when compensation is lost. D., Extract of 
 (extractum digitalis, U. S. P.). Dose \-% gr. 
 (0.01-0.032 Gm.). D., Fluidextract of 
 (fluidextr actum digitalis, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 
 min. (0.06-1.8 Cc). D., Infusion of (infu- 
 sion digitalis, U. S. P.), i| parts of the leaves 
 in 100 parts. Dose 2-4 dr. (4-8 Cc). D., 
 Tincture of (tinctura digitalis, U. S. P.), 15 
 parts of the leaves in 100 of diluted alcohol. 
 Dose 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). 
 
 Digitalism, Digitalismus (dij'-it-al-izm, dij- 
 it-al-is'-mus). The condition caused by the 
 injudicious use of digitalis, consisting in paral- 
 ysis of cardiac action. 
 
 Digitalization (dij -it-al-i-za' -shun). Subjec- 
 tion to the effects of digitalin or digitalis. 
 
 Digitation (dij -it-a r -shun) [digitatus, having 
 digits]. A finger-like process, or a succession 
 of such processes, especially of a muscle. 
 
 Digitiform (dij'-it-e-form) [digit ; forma, form]. 
 Finger-shaped. 
 
 Digiti mortui (dij'-it-i mor'-tu-i) [L.]. Dead 
 fingers; a cold and white state of the fingers. 
 
 Digitin (dij'-it-in), (C 4 H 9 2 ) n . A therapeu- 
 tically inert substance occurring as a granu- 
 lar, crystalline powder, isolated from the 
 leaves of Digitalis purpurea. Syn., Crystal- 
 lized digitalin. 
 
 Digitofibular (dij-it-o-fib'-u-lar). Pertaining 
 to the fibular aspect of the toes. 
 
 Digitometatarsal (dij-it-o-met-a-tar'-sal). Per- 
 taining to the metatarsus and the toes. 
 
 Digitonin (dij-it-o' '-nin) [digitalis], C 31 H S2 O i7 . 
 A white, amorphous mass obtained from digi- 
 talis. 
 
 Digitoradial (dij-it-o-ra'-de-al). Relating to 
 or situated upon the radial aspect of the 
 fingers. 
 
 Digitotibial (dij-it-o-tib'-e-al). Relating to the 
 tibial aspect of the toes. 
 
 Digitoulnar (dij-it-o-ul'-nar). Relating to 
 the ulnar aspect of the fingers. 
 
 Digitoxin (dij-it-oks'-in) [digitalis; xo^ckov, poi- 
 son], C 21 H 32 7 , or C 12 H^ 2 34 . A highly poison- 
 ous glucosid from Digitalis purpurea. A 
 powerful heart-tonic, used in valvular lesions 
 and myocarditis, etc. Dose 27o~T¥¥ g r - 
 (0.00026-0.0005 Gm.) 3 times daily with 3 
 min. (0.2 Cc.) chloroform, 60 min. (4 Cc) 
 alcohol, 1 J oz. (45 Cc.) water. Enema, -^ gr. 
 (0.0008 Gm.) with 10 min. (0.6 Cc.) alcohol, 4 
 oz. (120 Cc.) water, 1 to 3 times daily. 
 Maximum dose ^ gr. (0.002 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Dihydrate (di-hi 1 '-drat) [die, twice; udojp, 
 water]. 1. Any compound containing two 
 molecules of hydroxyl. Syn., Bihydrate. 2. 
 A compound containing two molecules of 
 water. 
 
 Dihydrated (di-hi' -dra-ted) . Having absorbed 
 two hydroxyl molecules. 
 
 Dihydric (di-hi' -drik) . Containing two atoms 
 of hydrogen in the molecule. 
 
 Dihydrid (di-hi' -drid) . A compound of two 
 atoms of hydrogen with an element or radicle. 
 
 Dihydrocollidin (di-hi-dro-kol'-id-in), C 8 H 13 N. 
 A liquid substance isomeric with a ptomain 
 obtained from putrid flesh and fish. 
 
 Dihydrocoridin (di-hi-dro-kor'-id-in), C 10 H 17 N. 
 A substance isomeric with a ptomain found 
 in cultures of the Bacillus allii. 
 
 Dihydrolutidin (di - hi - dro - lu'- tid - in) [d cc, 
 double; udcop, water; luteus, yellow], 
 C 7 H n N. One of the alkaloidal bodies found 
 in cod-liver oil. It is slightly poisonous, in 
 small doses diminishing general sensibility, 
 in large doses causing tremor, paralysis of the 
 legs, or, in animals, the hind limbs, and 
 death. 
 
 Dihydroresorcinol (di-hi - dro -re- zor'-sin - ol) . 
 Shining white prisms, soluble in water, 
 alcohol, or chloroform, melting at io4°-io6° C, 
 obtained from resorcinol by action of sodium 
 amalgam with carbon dioxid. It is recom- 
 mended as an antiseptic. 
 
 Dihydroxytoluene (di-hi-droks-e-tol r -u-en) . See 
 Orcin. 
 
 Diiodid (di-i'-o-did) [di, two; iodum, iodin]. 
 A compound consisting of a basic element 
 and two atoms of iodin. D. Hy dro io date. 
 See Caffein Triiodid. 
 
 Diiodoanilin (di-i-o-do-an' -il-in) , C 6 H 5 . NH 2 .I 2 
 [1:2:4]. A reaction-product of anilin with 
 iodin chlorid. It is antiseptic and used as 
 an application in skin diseases. Syn., 
 Metadiiodanilin. 
 
 J}iio&oheta.n2QY&ho\ (di-i-o-do-ba-tah-naf'-thol), 
 C 16 H 6 I 2 2 . A yellowish-green powder ob- 
 tained from mixed solutions of iodin with 
 potassium iodid and betanaphthol with sodium 
 carbonate and sodium hypochlorite. It is 
 used as an antiseptic in place of aristol. 
 Syn., Naphtholaristol; N aphtholdiiodid. 
 
 Diiodocarbazol (di-i-o-do-kar'-ba-zol), C 12 H 6 I 2 :- 
 NH. A substance obtained from carbazol by 
 action of iodin with heat; insoluble in water, 
 soluble in alcohol and chloroform. It is 
 recommended as an antiseptic 
 
 Diiododithymol (di-i-o-do-di-thi'-mol). See 
 Aristol. 
 
DIIODOFORM 
 
 351 
 
 DINITROCRESOL 
 
 Diiodoform (di-i-o' -do-form), C 2 H 2 I 4 . A sub- 
 stance obtained from acetylene iodid by- 
 excess of iodin and containing 95.28% of 
 iodin. It decomposes on exposure to light. 
 Used as a substitute for iodoform. Syn., 
 Tetraethylene iodid. 
 
 Diiodomethane (di-i-o-do-meth'-dn). Methyl- 
 ene iodid. 
 
 Diiodonaphthol (di-i-o -do-naf -thol) . See Diio- 
 dobetanaphthol. 
 
 Diiodoresorcinol (di-i-o-do-re-zor'-sin-ol). A 
 brown, inodorous powder, used as an antiseptic 
 in place of aristol. 
 
 Diiodosalicylic Acid (di-i-o -do -sal-is -W -ik). 
 See Acid, Diiodosalicylic. D.-methylester. 
 SceSanoform. D.-phenylester. SeeDiiodo- 
 salol. 
 
 Diiodosalol (di-i-o-do-saV f -ol) , C 6 H 2 I 2 (OH)C0 2 - 
 C 6 H 5 . A condensation-product of diiodo- 
 salicylic acid with phenol. It is used in 
 treatment of skin diseases. 
 
 Diiodothioresorcinol (di-i-o -do- thi-o -re-zor' - 
 sin-ol), C 6 H 2 2 I 2 S 2 . It is used as a dusting- 
 powder and in 10 to 20% ointment. 
 
 Dikamali [E. Ind.]. A fetid gum-resin ob- 
 tained from Gardenia gummifera and G. 
 lucida. In decoction it is used as an anti- 
 periodic and in the treatment of chronic skin 
 diseases. 
 
 Dilaceration (di-las-er-a' -shun) [dilaceratio, 
 a tearing apart]. A tearing apart; division of 
 a membranous cataract by a tearing operation. 
 
 Dilatation {dil-at-a' -shun) . See Dilation. 
 
 Dilatator (di-lat-a' -tor) . See Dilator. 
 
 Dilate (di-lat') [dilare, to spread]. To increase 
 in size; to spread apart; to stretch. 
 
 Dilation (di-la' -shun) [dilate]. A spreading 
 apart; the state, especially of a hollow part 
 or organ, of being dilated or stretched. D., 
 Digital, dilation of a body-cavity or orifice 
 by means of a finger. D. of Heart, an in- 
 crease in the size of one or more of the cavities 
 of the heart, arising from a relaxation or 
 weakening of the heart muscle. It is asso- 
 ciated with evidences of failure of circulation, 
 resulting in congestion of the lungs and other 
 viscera. D., Hydrostatic, dilation of a 
 cavity or part by means of an introduced 
 elastic bag which is subsequently distended 
 with water. D. of Stomach, increase in 
 size of the stomach from relaxation of the walls 
 and expansion with gas in chronic gastritis. 
 
 Dilatometer (dil-at-om' -et-er) [dilation; ah pov, a 
 measure]. An apparatus for the estimation 
 of the dilation of liquids. 
 
 Dilator [di-la' -tor) [dilation]. An instrument for 
 
 
 Plain Porcelain Dilator. 
 
 stretching or enlarging 
 also ; a dilating muscle. 
 
 cavity or opening; 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Dill (dil). See Anethum. 
 
 Diluent (dil'-u-ent) [dilute]. 1. Diluting. 2. An 
 agent that dilutes the secretions of an organ. 
 
 Dilute (di-lut') [diluere, to wash away]. To 
 make weaker through increasing the bulk by 
 the addition of liquid. 
 
 Diluting Fluids. Solutions for use with the 
 hemocytometer. See Hayem's Solution and 
 Solution, Sherrington's, Solution, Toisson's. 
 
 Dilution (di-lu' -shun) [dilute]. 1. The process 
 of adding a neutral fluid to some other fluid 
 or substance, in order to diminish the qualities 
 of the latter. 2. A diluted substance; the re- 
 sult of a diluting process. 
 
 Dimethyl (di-meth'-il), (CH 3 ) 2 . A double mole- 
 cule of methyl; in the free state it constitutes 
 ethane. D.-acetal, C 4 H 10 O 2 , a colorless 
 ethereal liquid obtained from aldehyd, methyl- 
 alcohol, and glacial acetic acid with heat; 
 it is used as an anesthetic, alone or combined 
 with one-half its volume of chloroform. Syn., 
 Ethylidenedimethyl ether. D.-amidoantipy- 
 rin. See Pyramidon. D.-amidoazoben- 
 zene, C 14 H 15 N 3 . It is used as an indicator in 
 alkalimetry and as a fat color. Syn., Butter 
 yellow. D.-amidophenyl-dimethyl-pyra- 
 zolon. See Pyramidon. D.-arsin. See 
 
 Cacodyl. D. Sulfate, CH 3 / S ° 4 ' a color " 
 less, oily fluid much used in chemic manipula- 
 tion and giving rise to poisoning with marked 
 local and pulmonary symptoms, convulsions, 
 coma, and paralysis. D.-xanthin. 1. See 
 Paraxanthin in Leukomains, Table of. 2. See 
 Theobromin. 
 
 Dimethylamin (di-meth-il-am'-in), NC 2 H 7 . A 
 nontoxic ptomain found in putrefying gelatin, 
 old decomposing yeast, etc. 
 
 Dimethylated (di-meth'-il -a -led). Combined 
 with two molecules of methyl. 
 
 Dimetria (di-me 1 '-tre-ah) [die, double; i>.i]Tpa, 
 the womb]. The condition of having a double 
 uterus. 
 
 Dimorphobiotic (di - mor - fo - bi - of - ik) [dis; 
 Hop4>T), shape; ficajotc, life]. Relating to an 
 organism which runs through two or more 
 morphologically distinct phases in its life- 
 history — a free stage and a parasitic stage. 
 
 Dimorphous (di-mor'-fus) [dis; p.op<f)-q, form]. 
 Existing in two forms. 
 
 Dinaphthyl (di-naf -thil) , C 20 H 14 = C 10 H 17 . C 10 - 
 H 7 . A pearl-like hydrocarbon prepared by 
 partially oxidizing naphthalene or by passing 
 naphthalene vapor through a red-hot tube. 
 
 Dineuric (di-nu f -rik) [dis; veupov, nerve]. 
 Provided with two neuraxons; said of a 
 nerve-cell. 
 
 Dinitrate (di-ni' -trdt) . A compound result- 
 ing from the replacement of the hydrogen of 
 two molecules of nitric acid by a base. 
 
 Dinitrocellulose (di-ni-tro-sel'-u-los). See Py- 
 roxylin. 
 
 Dinitrocresol (di-ni-tro-kre'-sol), C 7 H 6 N 2 O s . 
 Explosive crystals melting at 85 C. The 
 potassium salt of c-dinitrocresol is an excellent 
 insecticide and an efficient remedy in scabies, 
 and mixed with equal parts of soap is, under 
 
DINITRORESORCINOL 
 
 352 
 
 DIPLACUSIS 
 
 the name of antinonnin, used as an insecticide 
 and to destroy rats and mice. A mixture of the 
 potassium salts of o-dinitrocresol and ^-dini- 
 trocresol, a commercial substitute for saffron, 
 has been employed with fatal results. 
 Dinitroresorcinol (di - ni - tro -re- zor' - sin - ol) , 
 C fi H 4 N 2 6 4- 2H 2 0. It is employed in histo- 
 logic" preparations. Syn., Ordinary dinitro- 
 
 Dionin {di'-o-nin), C 2 H s O . (OH) . C 17 H 17 NO . 
 HC1 + H 2 0. Ethylmorphin hydrochlorate. 
 It is analgesic, antispasmodic, and sedative, 
 and is employed in diseases of the. respiratory 
 passages and in morphinism. Dose \-^ gr. 
 (0.01-0.03 Gm.). 
 
 Diopter (di-op'-ter) [dca, through; cxpeadac, 
 to see]. The unit of measurement of the 
 refractive power of an optic lens. It is the 
 refractive power of a lens that has a focal 
 distance of one meter. 
 
 Dioptoscopy {di-o p -to s' -ko-pe) [diopter; oKonelv, 
 to examine]. A method of estimating ocular 
 refraction by means of the ophthalmoscope. 
 
 Dioptric {di-op'-trik) [diopter]. 1. Pertaining to 
 transmitted and refracted light. 2. A diopter. 
 
 Dioptroscopy (di-op-tros 1 '-ko-pe). Same as 
 Dioptoscopy. See also Retinoscopy. 
 
 Dioptry {di-op'-tre). See Diopter. 
 
 Diosmic (di-oz' -mik) . Containing two atoms 
 of osmium as a quadrivalent radicle. 
 
 Diosmotic {di-oz-mof -ik) [dca, through; (hopioc, 
 impulse]. Pertaining to osmosis. 
 
 Diospyros {di-os'-pi-ros) [Acoc, of Jove; nupoc, 
 grain; fruit]. A genus of trees of the order 
 EbenacecB. The bark of D. virginiaha, the 
 persimmon-tree of the United States, is 
 astringent, tonic, antiperiodic, and hemo- 
 static, and is used in diarrhea, intermittent 
 fever, and uterine hemorrhage. Dose of fluid- 
 extract 30-60 min. (3-4 Cc). 
 
 Diostosis {di-o s -to' -sis) [dca, away from; boxkov, 
 a bone]. Displacement of a bone. 
 
 Dioviburnia {di-o-vi-bur' -ne-ah) . A proprietary 
 combination of equal parts of the fkridextracts 
 of Viburnum opidus, V. prunifolium, Chamce- 
 lirium carolinianum, Caidophyllum thalic- 
 troides, Aletris farinosa, Mitchetta re pens, Scu- 
 tellaria lateriflora, and Dioscorea villosa. It is 
 antispasmodic and anodyne, and is used in 
 dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, etc. 
 
 Dioxid (di-oks'-id) [dec, two; o^uc, sharp]. 
 A molecule containing two atoms of oxygen. 
 
 Dioxyanthranol, Dioxyanthrol (di-oks-e-an' '- 
 thran-ol, -throl). See Anthrarobin. 
 
 Dioxybenzene {di-oks-e-ben'-zen). See Hydro- 
 quinone. 
 
 Dioxygen (di-okf-e-jen), H 2 2 . A term in- 
 troduced for a preparation of pure hydrogen 
 dioxid. 
 
 Dioxynaphthalene {di-oks-e-nafl -thal-en) , C 10 - 
 H 8 2 . A toxic compound used as a roborant. 
 The daily dose is 3 gr. (0.19 Gm.). 
 
 Dioxytoluene {di-oks-e-toV -u-en) . Same as 
 Orcin. 
 
 Dip. The deviation from the horizontal posi- 
 tion shown by a freely suspended magnetic 
 needle. 
 
 Diphenyl (di-fen'-il), C 12 H 10 . A hydrocarbon 
 resulting from the action of sodium upon 
 brombenzene in ether or benzerfe. It is also 
 present in coal-tar. 
 
 Diphtheria {dif-the'-re-ah) [dccf)dipa, a skin 
 or membrane]. An acute infectious disease 
 caused by the Klebs-Loffler bacillus. It is 
 characterized by the formation, on a mucous 
 membrane, most frequently that of the 
 pharynx, of a false membrane, grayish or 
 buff in color, and quite firmly adherent. Any 
 mucous membrane, as the laryngeal, nasal, 
 conjunctival, and, more rarely, the gastroin- 
 testinal, vaginal, and that of the middle ear, 
 may be the seat of the disease. The mem- 
 brane may also be formed on wounds — sur- 
 gical or wound-diphtheria. The constitu- 
 tional symptoms result from the absorption 
 of poisons elaborated by the bacteria, the 
 bacilli themselves not being found in the 
 blood, as a rule. These poisons are a nucleo- 
 albumin and a nuclein, the former producing 
 the acute, the latter the later, symptoms of 
 the disease. The general symptoms are, in 
 brief, fever, profound prostration, weakness 
 of the heart, and a rapidly developing anemia. 
 A frequent sequel is paralysis, which may be 
 general, but is often confined to the palatal 
 and ocular muscles. Diphtheria is eminently 
 a disease of childhood and very fatal. Death 
 results from systemic poisoning, from heart- 
 failure, from obstruction to respiration by the 
 presence of membrane in the air-passages, 
 or from a complication, as pneumonia. D., 
 Bretonneau's, true diphtheria of the pharynx, 
 first described by P. Bretonneau (1826). D. 
 Toxin, a toxalbumin produced by Bacillus 
 diphtheria; it is destroyed by a temperature 
 over 6o° C., and is capable of causing in sus- 
 ceptible animals the same phenomena induced 
 by inoculation with the living bacilli. 
 
 Diphtheric (dif-ther f -ik) [diphtheria]. Of or per- 
 taining to diphtheria. 
 
 Diphthericide (dif-ther'-is-id). A proprietary 
 
 » prophylactic against diphtheria, said to consist 
 of thymol, sodium benzoate, and saccharin. 
 
 Diphtherin (difl-ther-in). See Diphtheria 
 Toxin. 
 
 Diphtheritic {dif-tiier-it'-ik). See Diphtheric. 
 
 Diphtheroid (difl - ther - oid) [diphtheria]. 1 . 
 Resembling diphtheria. 2. A general term 
 for all pseudomembranous formations not due 
 to Bacillus diphtheria. 
 
 Diphtherotoxin {dif-ther-o-toks' -in) . See Diph- 
 theria Toxin. 
 
 Diphthongia (dif-thon f -je-ah) [dec, double; 
 (faddy-foe, a voice]. The production of a 
 double tone of the voice, due to incomplete 
 unilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal 
 nerve, or to some lesion of the vocal bands 
 that causes each to produce its own sound. 
 
 Diplacusis (dip-lak-u' '-sis) [dcnXooc, double; 
 olkouocc, hearing]. 1. The hearing of a tone 
 as higher by one ear than by the other. 
 Syn., Diplacusis binauralis. 2. The hearing 
 of two tones by one ear when only one tone 
 is produced, Syn., Diplacusis uniauralis. 
 
DIPLEGIA 
 
 353 
 
 DISC 
 
 Diplegia {di-ple' -je-ah) [dec, double; nh\rh* 
 stroke]. Paralysis of similar parts on the 
 two sides of the body. D., Spastic Cerebral, 
 of Infancy. See Little's Disease. 
 
 Diplo- [dcriXooc, double]. A prefix signifying 
 double. 
 
 Diploblastic {dip-lo-blas'-tik) [diplo-; fiXaoxdc, 
 a germ]. Having two germinal layers. 
 
 Diplocardiac (dip-lo-kar'-de-ak) [diplo-; napdea, 
 heart]. Having a double heart. 
 
 Diplocephalia {dip-lo-sef-a'-le-ah) [diplo-; 
 K£<f>akT), the head]. A monstrosity marked 
 by the presence of two heads on one body. 
 
 Diplococcus {dip-lo-kok' '-us) [diplo-; k6kko£, 
 sl berry]. A micrococcus that occurs in groups 
 of two. 
 
 Diplocoria {dip-lo-W -re -ah) [diplo-; Koprj, 
 pupil]. Double pupil. 
 
 Diploe (dip'-lo-e) [dcTzXo-q, a fold]. The can- 
 cellous bony tissue between the outer and 
 inner tables of the skull. 
 
 Diploetic {dip-lo-et'-ik) [diploe]. Relating to 
 the diploe; diploic. 
 
 Diplogenesis {dip-lo-jen' -es-is) [diplo-; yhsacc, 
 production]. i. The development of a 
 double or twin monstrosity. 2. The process 
 described by Pigne in 1846 whereby con- 
 genital tumors are formed by the inclusion 
 of embryonic remains. 
 
 Diploic {dip-lo'-ik) [diploe]. Pertaining to the 
 diploe. 
 
 Diplomeric {dip-lorn' -er-ik) [diplo-; p.epoc, a 
 part]. Applied to muscles arising from two 
 myotomes; e. g., the supraspinatus and infra- 
 spinatus muscles. 
 
 Diplomyelia {dip-lo-mi-e' -le-ah) [diplo-; fwsXoc, 
 marrow]. An apparent doubleness of the 
 spinal cord, produced by a longitudinal fissure. 
 
 Diplopia {dip-lo' -pe-ah) [diplo-; expec, sight]. 
 Double vision, one object being seen 
 by the eye or eyes as two. D., Bin- 
 ocular, the most frequent, is due to a de- 
 rangement of the muscular balance, the 
 images of the object being thereby thrown 
 upon nonidentical points of the retinas. D., 
 Crossed, D., Heteronymous, the result of 
 divergent strabismus, the image of the right 
 eye appearing upon the left side and that of 
 the left eye upon the right side. D., Di- 
 rect, D., Homonymous, the reverse of 
 f crossed diplopia, found in convergent strabis- 
 mus. D., Monocular, diplopia with a single 
 eye, usually due to hysteria, to double pupil, 
 or beginning cataract. 
 
 Dipolar {di-po'-lar). See Bipolar. 
 
 Dipotassic {di-po-tas' -ik) [di, two; potassium]. 
 Containing two atoms of potassium in a 
 molecule. 
 
 Dippel's Animal Oil. Oleum cornu cervi. 
 An oil obtained in distilling bone and deer's 
 horn. It contains pyridin and lutidin. It is 
 antispasmodic and stimulant. 
 
 Dipping Needle. A magnetic needle so hung 
 that it can move freely in a vertical plane. 
 
 Dipsomania {dip-so-ma' -ne-ah) [dc^a, thirst; 
 fiavca, madness]. The uncontrollable desire 
 for spirituous liquors. 
 24 
 
 Dipsorrhexia {dip-sor-eks'-e-ah) [d!(pa, thirst; 
 ope&c, appetite]. Thebault's term for that 
 early stage of alcoholism in which no organic 
 lesions have as yet appeared in consequence 
 of the alcoholic poisoning, but when the 
 appetite has been developed. 
 
 Dipterocarpus {dip-ter-o-kar'-pus) [dizrepoc, 
 two-winged; tcap-6c, fruit]. A genus of 
 trees, chiefly found in southern Asia, some 
 of which furnish gurjun balsam. 
 
 Dipterous {dip'-ter-us) [o/f, two; 7z~£pov, wing]. 
 In biology, having two wings or wing-like pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 Dipylidium idi-pi-lid' -e-um) [d'cnuXog, with two 
 entrances]. A genus of parasitic platode 
 worms. 
 
 Diradiation {di-ra-de-a' '-shun) . See Actinobolia 
 
 ^- 
 Direct {di-rekt') [directus, straight]. In a 
 
 right or straight line; without the interposi- 
 tion of some medium. D. Current, a gal- 
 vanic current. D. Image. See Image, Direct. 
 D. Ophthalmoscopy. See Ophthalmoscopy. 
 D. Vision, the perception of an object the 
 image of which falls upon the macula. 
 
 Director {di-rek'-tor) [direct]. Anything that 
 guides or directs. D., Grooved, an instrument 
 grooved to guide the knife in surgical opera- 
 tions. 
 
 Dirigomotor {dir-ig-o-mo' -tor) [dirigere, to di- 
 rect; motor, a mover]. Controlling motor action. 
 
 Dis- [dec, twice]. 1. A prefix denoting two 
 or double. 2. A prefix denoting apart from. 
 
 Disarticulation {dis -ar-tik-u-la' -shun) [dis-, 
 articulum, a joint]. Separation at a joint; 
 amputation at a joint. 
 
 Disassimilation {dis-as-sim-il-a' -shun) [dis- 
 assimilatio]. The process of transformation 
 of assimilated substances into waste-products. 
 
 Disc, Disk [discus; d canoe, a quoit or round 
 plate]. A circular, plate-like organ or struc- 
 ture. D., Anisotropous. See D., Sar- 
 cous. D., Becquerel's, an apparatus for es- 
 timating the difference in temperature be- 
 tween a sound limb and a paralyzed one. 
 D., Blood-. See Blood-corpuscle. D., 
 Choked. See Papillitis. D., Contractile, 
 D., Dark. See D., Sarcous. D., Cupped. 
 See Cupped Disc. D., Epiphyseal, the broad 
 articular surface with slightly elevated rim on 
 each end of the centrum of a vertebra. Syn., 
 Epiphyseal plate. D . , Equatorial. See Plate, 
 Equatorial. D., Germinal, the small disc of 
 the blastodermic membrane, in which the first 
 traces of the embryo are seen. D., Interme- 
 diate. See Membrane, Krause's. D., Inter- 
 stitial, the more translucent cementing sub- 
 stance conjoining the sarcous elements, and to 
 which the lighter narrower strias of the muscle- 
 fiber and the intervals of the fibrils are due. 
 Syn., Englemann's lateral disc; Isotropousdisc; 
 Lateral disc; Light disc . D . s , Intervertebral . 
 See Intervertebral Discs. D., Invisible. See 
 Corpuscles, N orris' Divisible. D., Isotropous, 
 D., Lateral, D., Light. See D., Interstitial. 
 D., Median, D., Middle. See Membrane, 
 Krause's. D., Nuclear. See Plate, Equatorial. 
 
DISCHARGE 
 
 354 
 
 DISEASE 
 
 D., Optic, the circular area in the retina that 
 represents the termination of the optic nerve. 
 D., Ovigerous. See Discus proligerus. D., 
 Placido's. See Placido's Disc. D.,Sarcous, 
 the dark, broad, transverse stripe of striated 
 muscle-fiber; it is anisotropic and supposed 
 to represent the proper contractile substance of 
 the fiber. Syn., Anisotropic disc; Contractile 
 disc; Dark disc; Principal disc; Transverse 
 disc. D., Schiefferdecker's Intermediate, 
 the substance which is assumed to fill in the 
 space existing at Ranvier's nodes between 
 Schwann's sheath and the axis-cylinder. It 
 appears as a black line on staining with silver 
 nitrate and forms the horizontal branch of 
 Ranvier's Latin cross. D., Stenopeic, a lens 
 allowing the passage of light-rays only through 
 a straight narrow slit; it is used for testing 
 astigmatism. D., Tactile, D., Terminal. 
 See Meniscus, Tactile, and Ranvier's Tactile 
 Discs. D., Transverse. See D., Sarcous. 
 D., Vitelline. See Discus proligerus. 
 
 Discharge (dis-charj') [OF., descharger, to 
 unload], i. Any evacuation; also that which 
 is evacuated. 2. A setting free or escape of 
 pent-up energy. In electricity the restoration 
 to a neutral electric condition by which a 
 highly electrified body gives off its surplus of 
 electricity to surrounding objects less highly 
 electrified. D., Conductive, an electric 
 discharge taking place through conduction. 
 D., Convective, an electric discharge in 
 which the charged particles of a fluid convey 
 the electricity. D., Disruptive, an electric 
 discharge with emission of heat and sound. 
 
 Discharger {dis-char'-jer). An instrument 
 for setting free electricity stored in a Leyden 
 jar or other condenser. 
 
 Discharging {dis-char'-jing). Unloading; flow- 
 ing out, as pus, etc. D. Lesion, a brain- 
 lesion that causes sudden discharges of ner- 
 vous motor impulses. 
 
 Disciform {dis'-e-Jorm). Disc -shaped. 
 
 Discission (dis-ish'-un) [discissio; discindere, 
 to tear or cut apart]. An operation for soft 
 cataract in which the capsule is lacerated a 
 number of times to allow the lens-substance 
 to be absorbed. 
 
 Discoblastic (dis-ko-blas' '-tik) [disc; filaoxbc*, a 
 germ]. Undergoing discoid segmentation of 
 the vitellus. 
 
 Discoid {dis'-koid) [disc]. 1. Shaped like a disc. 
 2. An excavator having a blade in the form of 
 a disc. 
 
 Discophorous (dis-kof'-or-us) [disc; (frkpetv, to 
 bear]. Furnished with a disciform organ or 
 part. 
 
 Discoplasm, Discoplasma (dis r - ko - plazm, 
 -plaz'-mah). The plasma of red blood-cor- 
 puscles. 
 
 Discous (dis f -kus) [disc]. Discoid. 
 
 Discrete {dis-kret') [discretus, separated]. Not 
 running together; separate. 
 
 Discus {dis'-kus) [L., "a disc"]. A disc. See 
 Disc. D. proligerus, the mass of cells of the 
 membrana granulosa of the graafian vesicle 
 that surround the ovum. 
 
 Discutient {dis-ku' -shent) [discutere, to shake 
 apart]. 1. Capable of effecting resolution. 
 2. A medicine having the power of causing 
 an exudation to disappear. 
 
 Disdiaclast (dis-di 1 '-ak-last) [dec, double; dta, 
 through; nXav, to break]. One of the small, 
 doubly refractive elements in the contractile 
 discs of a muscle-fiber. 
 
 Disease {diz-ez') [dis, negative; ease, a state 
 of rest]. A disturbance of function or struc- 
 ture of any organ or part of the body. D., 
 Acute, a disease marked by rapid onset and 
 short course. D., Acute Specific. 1. An 
 infectious febrile disease. 2. Acute syphilis. 
 D . , Amyloid. Same as A myloid Degeneration. 
 D., Autogenous, one due to failure on the 
 part of some group of body-cells to perform 
 its function. D., Barometer-maker's. See 
 under Barometer. D., Bleeders'. Synonym 
 of Hemophilia. D., Blue, cyanosis. D., 
 Brass-founders', chronic poisoning from 
 working in brass. D., Caisson-. See Cais- 
 son-disease. D., Choleraic, a tropical affection 
 resembling cholera, due to the ingestion of 
 poisonous fish. Cf. Siguatera. D., Choles- 
 terin, amyloid degeneration. D., Chronic, 
 one that is slow in its course. D., Con- 
 stitutional, one in which a system of organs 
 or the whole body is involved. D., Cyclic, 
 a disease following cycles or periods of exacer- 
 bation or change. D., Cystic, of the 
 Breast. See Rectus' Disease. D., Divers', 
 an affection similar to caisson-disease. D., 
 Elevator, an affection of the heart occur- 
 ring in elevator-men. Syn., Liftman's heart. 
 D., Enthetic, one introduced extraneously; 
 an infectious disease. D., Entozootic, 
 one due to the presence of animal para- 
 sites within the body. D.s, Eponymic, those 
 named after indrviduals. See under name 
 of the individual for definition. D., Fish- 
 skin, ichthyosis. D., Fish-slime, a peculiar 
 form of septicemia due to punctured wounds 
 by fish-spines. D., Flax-dresser's, pneu- 
 monia from inhalation of particles of flax. 
 D., Fleshworm, trichinosis. D., Flint. 
 Synonym of Chalicosis. D., Focal, a local- 
 ized disease. D., Fourth, Clement Dukes' 
 term for a contagious disease resembling 
 measles, scarlatina, and rubella, or rose- 
 rash, but distinct. Syn., Quatrieme fievre 
 eruptif. D., Functional, a disease with- 
 out discoverable organic lesion. D., Fun- 
 gous, of India, a prevalent endemic dis- 
 ease of India affecting the extremities and 
 disorganizing the tissues, due to the im- 
 plantation of spores in the tissues. D., 
 Guinea-worm. See Guinea-worm Dis- 
 ease. D., Habit, one that results from 
 long continuation and frequent repeti- 
 tion of an act. D.s, Heterotoxic, those 
 due to toxic substances introduced from 
 without the body. D., Hydrocephaloid, a 
 disease of children resembling hydrocephalus, 
 following premature weaning. D., Idio- 
 pathic, one that exists by itself without any 
 connection with another disorder; one of 
 
DISENGAGEMENT 
 
 355 
 
 DISLOCATION 
 
 which the cause is unknown. D. , Infectious, 
 
 one arising from the invasion, growth, and 
 multiplication in the body of specific, patho- 
 genic microorganisms which produce a 
 chemic poison that induces its characteristic 
 effects. D., Intercurrent, a disease occur- 
 ring during the progress of another of which 
 it is independent. D., Internal, one affecting 
 the internal organs. D., Jumping, a form of 
 choromania. See Jumpers. D., Lardaceous, 
 amyloid degeneration. D., Local, one con- 
 fined to some particular region of the body 
 or to one tissue or organ. D., Malignant 
 Mold-fungus, an affection of the skin and 
 mucosa, especially of the mouth, lips, and 
 nose; described by de Hahn as due to a 
 mold-fungus. D., Mucous (Starr), a form 
 of chronic gastrointestinal catarrh in children. 
 It consists of a mucous flux, from the whole 
 internal surface of the alimentary canal, which 
 interferes mechanically with the digestion 
 and absorption of food, and so impedes nu- 
 trition as to suggest the presence of tubercles. 
 It usually arises between the fourth and 
 the twelfth year, frequently as a sequel of 
 pertussis. D., Mucous (Whitehead), D., 
 Mucous (of the Colon). See Colitis, 
 Mucous. D., Organic, one due to structural 
 changes. D., Pandemic, a disease epidemic 
 over a wide area. D., Parasitic, one due 
 to an animal or vegetable parasite. D., 
 Parenchymatous, that affecting the paren- 
 chyma of an organ. D., Pearl, bovine tuber- 
 culosis. D.s, Protozoal, pathologic condi- 
 tions due to the invasion of the body by 
 protozoa. D., Protozoic (of Posadas, Wer- 
 nicke, etc.). See Dermatitis, Blastomycetic. 
 D., Pulpy, tuberculous arthritis. D., Rag- 
 sorter's. See Ragpicker's Disease. D., Sep- 
 tic, one arising from the development of pyo- 
 genic or putrefactive organisms within the 
 body. D., Septinous, a form of septic disease 
 in which there is absorption of the toxic sub- 
 stance through an abrasion of the mucosa of 
 the alimentary canal. D., Seven Days', 
 trismus. D., Specific, one caused by the 
 introduction of a specific virus or poison within 
 the body; also used as a synonym of syphilis. 
 D., Structural, one involving a change of 
 structure in the part first affected. D., 
 Summer, cholera infantum. D., Supra- 
 renal-capsule, Addison's disease. D., Tea- 
 taster's, a disorder characterized by extreme 
 neurasthenia, rapid heart action, fibrillary 
 muscular twitching, and paresthesia due to 
 excessive use of tea. D., Tsetse-fly, an 
 African disease of horses, cattle, and other 
 stock due to the Trypanosoma brucei, which is 
 transmitted by the tsetse-fly, Glossina mor- 
 sitans. D., Venereal, one due to sexual 
 intercourse. D., Zymotic, a disease arising 
 from the introduction and multiplication of 
 some living germ within the body. 
 Disengagement (dis-en-gaj' '-ment) [Fr., des- 
 erigager, to disengage]. Emergence from a 
 confined state; especially the escape of the 
 head of the fetus from the vaginal canal. 
 
 Disgorgement (dis-gorj'-ment) [OF., desgorger, 
 to vomit], i. Ejection by vomiting. 2. The 
 subsidence of an engorgement. 
 
 Disgregation (dis-greg-a'-shun) [disgregare, 
 to separate]. Dispersion; separation, as of 
 molecules or cells. 
 
 Disinfectant (dis-in-fek'-tant) [dis, negative; 
 inficere, to corrupt]. An agent that destroys 
 the germs of disease, fermentation, and putre- 
 faction. 
 
 Disinfectin (dis-in-fek'-tin). A brown liquid 
 obtained from treating 5 parts of the residue 
 of naphtha -distillation with 1 part of con- 
 centrated sulfuric acid and the resulting 
 product with 5 parts of 10% soda solution. 
 Diluted it is used as a disinfectant. 
 
 Disinfection (dis - in - fek' - shun) [see Dis- 
 infectant]. The destroying of disease- 
 germs, especially by means of chemic 
 substances. 
 
 Disintegrate (dis-in' '-te-grdt) [dis; integer, the 
 whole]. To break up or decompose. 
 
 Disintoxication (dis-in-toks-ik-a'-shun). See 
 Detoxification. 
 
 Disk. See Disc. 
 
 Dislocation (dis-lo-ka'-shun) [dis; locare, 
 to place]. The displacement of one or 
 more bones of a joint or of any organ 
 from its natural position. See Callaway's, 
 Dugas' , Hamilton's Tests., D., Complete, 
 one in which the joint-surfaces are entirely 
 separated. D., Compound, one in which 
 the joint communicates with the external air 
 through a wound. D., Consecutive, one 
 in which the displaced bone is not in the 
 same position as when originally displaced. 
 D., Divergent, separate dislocation of the 
 ulna and radius. D., Double, displacement 
 at the same time of corresponding bones on 
 both sides of the body. D., Habitual, one 
 that recurs repeatedly from a relaxed condi- 
 tion of the ligaments or from incomplete 
 repair of the articular capsule. D., Monteg- 
 gia's, the dislocation of the hip-joint in 
 which the head of the femur is near the 4 
 anterior-superior spine of the ilium, the limb 
 being rotated outward. D., Nelaton's, 
 upward dislocation of the ankle, the astragalus 
 being wedged in between the tibia and fibula. 
 D., Old, one in which inflammatory changes 
 have occurred. D., Partial, D., Incom- 
 plete, one in which the articulating surfaces 
 remain in partial contact. Syn., Sublux- 
 ation. D., Pathologic, one the result 
 of disease in the joint or of paralysis of the 
 controlling muscles. D., Primitive, one in 
 which the bones remain as originally dis- 
 placed. D., Recent, one in which no in- 
 flammatory changes have ensued. D., 
 Relapsing. See D., Habitual. D., Simple, 
 one in which there is no communication 
 with the air through a wound. D., Smith's 
 (of the foot), dislocation upward and back- 
 ward of all the metatarsal bones, together 
 with the internal cuneiform. D., Subclav- 
 icular, one of the head of the humerus 
 beneath the pectoralis major below the 
 
DISODIC 
 
 356 
 
 DISTOMA 
 
 clavicle. D., Subglenoid, one of the humerus 
 directly below the glenoid fossa. D., Sub- 
 pubic, dislocation of the hip-joint below 
 the pubes. D., Subspinous, one in which 
 the head of the humerus is held in the infra- 
 spinous fossa. D., Thyroid, displacement of 
 the head of the femur into the thyroid 
 foramen. D., Traumatic, that due to 
 injury. 
 
 Disodic (di-so'-dik or dis-od'-ik) [di, two; sodi- 
 um], i. Containing two atoms of sodium in 
 the molecule. 2.' [dec, twice; ddoc, a way.] 
 Furnished with or relating to two openings. 
 
 Disoma, Disomus (di-so'-mah, -mus) [di-; 
 oebfia, body; pi., disomata, disomi]. A monster 
 having two trunks. 
 
 Dispar (dis' -par) [L.]. Unequal. 
 
 Disparate (dis'-par -at) [dispar]. Not alike; 
 unequal or unmated. D. Points, nonidentical 
 points of the two retinas. Diplopia is pro- 
 duced when the images of a single object fall 
 upon such points. 
 
 Dispareunia (dis-par-oo'-ne-ah). See Dys- 
 pareunia. 
 
 Disparity (dis -par' -it-e) [dispar]. Differ- 
 ence; inequality. D., Crossed, a condition 
 of binocular relief whereby in superimposed 
 similar figures having their points of sharp- 
 est vision coinciding, a certain other 
 point in the left field appears to be to 
 the right, and the same point in the right 
 field to the left, of the point of sharpest 
 vision. D., Uncrossed, a similar condition 
 of binocular relief, but in which a point in 
 the left is seen to the left of a similar point 
 in the right field. 
 
 Dispensary (dis-pens'-ar-e) [dispensare, to dis- 
 tribute]. A charitable institution where med- 
 ical treatment is given to the poor. 
 
 Dispensatory (dis-pens' -at-or-e) [dispensator- 
 ium, an apothecary's diary]. A treatise on 
 materia medica and the composition, effects, 
 and preparation of medicines. 
 
 Dispermin (di-sperm'-in). See Piper azin. 
 
 Dispermy (di-sperm'-e) [di-; ankpixa, a seed]. 
 The entrance of two spermatozoa into the 
 ovum. 
 
 Dispersion (dis-per'-shun) [dispersus, scattered]. 
 The act of scattering. In physics, the 
 separation of a ray of light into its component 
 parts by reflection or refraction; also, any 
 scattering of light, as that which has passed 
 through ground glass. 
 
 Dispirem (dis-pi' -rem) [di-; spira, a spiral]. 
 The two skeins of a dividing nucleus formed 
 from the nuclear loops and in develop- 
 ment giving rise to the daughter-nuclei. 
 
 Displacement (dis-plas'-ment) [Fr., des pla- 
 cer, to displace]. 1. A putting-out of the nor- 
 mal position. 2. Percolation. D., Back- 
 ward, D., Dorsal (of the arm), a back- 
 ward displacement, across the neck or 
 occipital region, of one of the arms of the fetus, 
 causing obstruction to delivery. D., Fish- 
 hook, a displacement of the stomach in which 
 the pyloric orifice faces directly upward and 
 the duodenum extends upward and to the 
 
 right, connecting with the pylorus at a*i angle, 
 which produces a constricting hook. 
 
 Dissect (dis-ekf) [dissecare, to cut up]. To 
 cut tissues apart carefully and slowly, in 
 order to allow study of the relations of a part. 
 
 Dissection (dis-ek' '-shun) . The cutting apart 
 of the tissues of the body for purposes of study. 
 D. -wound, a septic wound acquired during 
 dissection. 
 
 Disseminated (dis-em' -in-a-ted) [disseminare, 
 to scatter seed]. Scattered; spread over a 
 large area. D. Sclerosis, a disease of the 
 central nervous system in which the areas of 
 sclerosis are irregularly scattered throughout 
 the cord and brain. Syn., Multiple or Insular 
 sclerosis. 
 
 Dissimilation (dis -im-il-a' -shun). See Kata- 
 bolism. 
 
 Dissociation (dis-o-se-a' -shun) [dis-; sociare, 
 to associate]. Separation, especially the sepa- 
 ratidfti of a complex compound into sim- 
 pler molecules by the action of heat. D.-. 
 symptom, anesthesia to pain and to heat 
 and cold, with preservation of tactile sensi- 
 bility and of the muscular sense; it is ob- 
 served in syringomyelia. 
 
 Dissolution (dis-o-lu' -shun) [dissolutio; dis- 
 solves, to set free]. 1. The separation of a 
 body or compound into its parts. 2. Death; 
 decomposition. 
 
 Dissonance (dis'-o-nans) [dissonare, to dis- 
 agree in sound]. The combination of such 
 tones as are so different from each other as 
 to produce discord. 
 
 Distal (dis'-tal) [distare, to be at a distance]. 
 Extreme; at the greatest distance from a cen- 
 tral point; peripheral. 
 
 Distichiasis (dis - tik-i' -as- is) [di-; ox't^oc, 
 a row]. The condition in which there is 
 a double row of eyelashes, the inner rubbing 
 against the globe. See also Entropion and 
 Trichiasis. 
 
 Distillate (dis f -til-at) . The product obtained 
 by distillation. 
 
 Distillation (dis -iil-a' -shun) [distillare, to 
 drop little by little]. The process of vapor- 
 izing and collecting the vapor by condensa- 
 tion. It is used mainly in purifying liquids 
 by separating them from nonvolatile sub- 
 stances. D., Destructive, the decomposi- 
 tion of a substance in a closed vessel in such 
 a manner as to obtain liquid products. D., 
 Dry, distillation of solids without the addition 
 of liquids, conducted within a closed vessel in 
 order to hinder combustion. D., Fractional, 
 a method of separating substances from each 
 other by distilling the mixture containing them 
 at a gradually increased temperature, the 
 different substances being vaporized and col- 
 lected in the order of their volatility. 
 
 Distoma, Distomum (dis'-to-mah, -mum) 
 [di-; ozdfia, a mouth]. A genus of trematode 
 worms which have an oral as well as a ventral 
 sucker. D. haematobium, a species which, 
 becoming lodged in the portal vessels and 
 the veins of the mesentery and of the urinary 
 tract, causes a disease characterized by hema- 
 
DISTOMATOSIS 
 
 357 
 
 DODECADACTYLON 
 
 turia, anemia, and diarrhea. It is endemic 
 in parts of the tropics. D. ringer i, a variety 
 infesting the lungs of man in China and 
 Japan and causing periodic hemoptysis. 
 
 Distomatosis {di-sto-mat-o 1 -sis). See Disto- 
 mia. 
 
 Distomia {di-sto r -me-ah) [see Distoma]. Con- 
 genital duplication of the mouth. 
 
 Distomiasis {dis-to-mi 1 '-as-is) [distoma]. The 
 presence in the body of distoma. 
 
 Distraction {dis -Irak' -shun) [distrahere, to draw 
 apart]. A method of treating certain joint 
 diseases and bone-fractures by extension and 
 counterextension. 
 
 Distribution {dis-tri-bu' -shun) [distribuere, to 
 distribute]. The branching of a nerve or 
 artery, and the arrangement of its branches 
 within those parts that it supplies. 
 
 Disulfate {di-sul'-fat) [di~; sulfur]. A sulfate 
 containing one atom of hydrogen that can be 
 replaced by a base. 
 
 Disulfid {di-sul'-fid). A compound of an ele- 
 ment or radicle with two atoms of sulfur. 
 
 Disvolution {dis-vo-lu' -shun) [dis; volvere, to 
 roll down]. Degeneracy; devolution; extreme 
 katabolism. 
 
 Dita-bark {di> '-tali -bark) [L.]. The bark of 
 Alstonia scholar is, native to the Philippine 
 Islands. It is employed as a tonic and anti- 
 periodic in intermittent fever. Dose of the 
 tincture 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc); of the fluidex- 
 tract 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc); of the powder 
 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). 
 
 Ditain {dit f -ah-in) , C 22 H 28 N 2 4 . An alkaloid 
 from dita-bark, used hypodermatically 
 in tetanus. Dose T \ gr. (0.005 Cm.) once 
 or twice daily or until effectual. Syn., 
 Echitamin. 
 
 Dithan {dith'-an). See Trional. 
 
 Dithion {dith'-e-on). A mixture of the two 
 sodium dithiosalicylates occurring as a gray 
 powder. It is used as an antiseptic wash (5 
 to 10 %) and dusting-powder in gonorrhea 
 and in foot-and-mouth disease. 
 
 Dithymoldiiodid, Dithymoliodid {di-thi-mol- 
 di-i'-o-did, di-thi-mol-i' -o-did) . Aristol. 
 
 Dittrich's Plugs. Dirty white or yellowish 
 masses, consisting chiefly of fatty detritus, 
 microorganisms, and crystals of margarin; 
 they are found in the sputum of putrid bron- 
 chitis and pulmonary gangrene. D.'s Ste- 
 nosis, stenosis of the conus arteriosus. Syn., 
 Dittrich's wahre Herzstenose. 
 
 Diureid {di-u* '-re-id). A compound containing 
 two molecules of urea. 
 
 Diuresis (di-u-re' '-sis) [dca, through; oupslv, 
 to urinate]. Increase in the secretion of 
 urine. 
 
 Diuretic {di-u-ret' -ik) [diuresis]. 1. Increasing 
 the flow of urine. 2. An agent that increases 
 the secretion of urine. D.s, Alterative, drugs 
 eliminated by the kidney and used for their local 
 action on the surfaces over which they pass. 
 D.s, Hydragog, those that increase the flow 
 of water from the kidneys. D.s, Refrigerant, 
 those that render the urine less irritating while 
 not greatly increasing its flow. 
 
 Diuretin {di-u-re' -tin) , C 7 H 7 NaN 4 2 ,C 6 H 4 OH- 
 COONa. Theobromin sodiosalicylate. It 
 has been found useful as a diuretic in pleuritic 
 effusion and cardiac dropsy. Dose 90 gr. 
 (6 Gm.) daily in four doses. 
 
 Diurnule {di-urn'-ul) [Fr.]. A form of medicinal 
 tablet or capsule that contains the maximum 
 quantity of a toxic drug that may be ad- 
 ministered in 24 hours. 
 
 Divergent {di-ver 1 '-jent) [divergere, to diverge]. 
 Moving in different directions from a common 
 point. D. Strabismus. See Strabismus, Di- 
 vergent. 
 
 Divers' Paralysis. See Caisson-disease. 
 
 Diverticular {di-ver -tik' -u-lar) [diverticulum]. 
 Relating to or arising from a diverticulum. 
 
 Diverticulitis {di-ver -tik-u-W '-tis). Inflamma- 
 tion of a diverticulum of the urethra. 
 
 Diverticulum {di-ver -tik f -u-lum) [divertere, to 
 turn]. A small pouch or sac springing from 
 a main structure. D., False, a sacciform 
 dilation due to disease or injury. D., 
 Heister's, the sinus of the jugular vein. D., 
 Meckel's, a congenital diverticulum of the 
 ileum, the remains of the omphalomesenteric 
 duct. D., Pertik's, a diverticulum of the 
 nasopharyngeal space which may occur close 
 to Rosenmueller's fossa and show itself as 
 an enlargement of the latter. D., Pulsion, 
 D., Traction, a false diverticulum produced 
 by traction on the outside of a hollow organ. 
 D., Vater's. See Ampulla of Vater. 
 
 Divi-divi {div - e - div f - e) [S.A.]. The seed- 
 pods of Ccesalpinia coriaria, a tree of South 
 America. 
 
 Divulsion {di-vid' -shun) [divulsio, a tearing 
 apart]. A tearing asunder. 
 
 Divulsor {di-vuV -sor) [L.]. An instrument 
 for dilating a part. 
 
 Dobell's Solution, D.'s Spray. A solution of 
 borax, sodium bicarbonate, and phenol in 
 glycerol and water; it is used as a spray for 
 nasal and throat troubles. 
 
 Dobie's Globule. A small, round body ren- 
 dered visible in the center of the transparent 
 disc of a muscular fibril by staining. D.'s 
 Layer, D.'s Line. See Membrane, Krause's. 
 
 Dochmiasis {dok-mi' -as-is) [Dochmius]. The 
 diseased condition caused by the presence 
 in the body of parasites belonging to the 
 genus Dochmius. See Uncinariasis. Cf. 
 A nkylostomiasis . 
 
 Dochmius {dok'-me-us) [doxfitoc, crumpled]. 
 A genus of threadworms of the family 
 Strongylidce. D. duodenalis. See Anky- 
 lo stoma. 
 
 Docimasia {dos - im - a' - se - ah) [doKt/xa^ecv, 
 to examine]. Examination; testing or assay- 
 ing. 
 
 Docimasiology {dos-im-a-se-ol f -o-je) [docima- 
 sia; X6foc, science]. The art or science of 
 investigation, embracing medicine, surgery, 
 chemistry, etc. 
 
 Docimaster {dos-im-as'-ter). An examiner or 
 tester. 
 
 Dodecadactylon {do-dek-a-dak' '-til-on) [dd)dei<a, 
 twelve; dantuXoc, finger]. The duodenum. 
 
DOEGLING OIL 
 
 358 
 
 DORSUM 
 
 Doegling Oil (do' -eg-ling) . The oil of the 
 doegling, or bottle-nosed whale. 
 
 Dog's-bane. See Apocynum. 
 
 Dogwood {dog' -wild). See Cornus. 
 
 Dolicho- (dol-ik-o-). A prefix meaning long. 
 
 Dolichocephalic, Dolicho cephalous (dol-ik-o- 
 sef-al'-ik, -sef'-al-us) [dolicho-; necfraAr), head]. 
 Long-headed; having a relatively long 
 anteroposterior cephalic diameter. 
 
 Dolichocephalus (dol-ik-o -se }' -al-us) [see Dol- 
 ichocephalic]. A skull having a relatively 
 long anteroposterior diameter; a skull- 
 formation resulting from the too rapid ossi- 
 fication of the longitudinal suture. The 
 varieties are leptocephalus, sphenocephalies, 
 and clinocephalus. D. simplex, that oc- 
 curring through synostosis of the sagittal 
 suture. 
 
 Dolicho cnemic, Dolichoknemic (dol-ik-o-ne' - 
 mik) [dolicho-; tcvrjjir), a leg]. Having the 
 lower leg of almost the same length as that of 
 the thigh. 
 
 Dolichoderus (dol-ik-od'-er-us) [dolicho-; dipt), 
 the neck]. Having the neck long. 
 
 Dolichokerkic (dol-ik-o-kerk'-ik) [dolicho-; 
 Kep/dc; a shuttle]. Having the angle which 
 is formed by the crest of the scapula with 
 its spinal border over 80 degrees. 
 
 Dolichos. Same as Mucuna. 
 
 Dolomol (dol'-o-mol). Stearate of calcium and 
 magnesium; it is used as a base for dusting- 
 powders, etc. 
 
 Dolor (do'-lor) [dolere, to feel pain]. Bodily 
 or mental pain or suffering. 
 
 Dolorosus (do-lor-o'-sus) [L.]. Full of pain. 
 
 Donda Ndttgu [African]. Brother ulcer; a 
 disease common on the east coast of Africa, 
 due to some organism that infests stagnant 
 water. It affects especially the leg, which 
 becomes inflamed and swollen and sloughs 
 below the healthy tissue. 
 
 Donders' Glaucoma. Simple atrophic glau- 
 coma. D.'s Law, the rotation of the eyeball 
 about the line of sight is involuntary, and 
 when the eyes are fixed on a distant object, 
 the amount of rotation is determined solely 
 by the angular distance of that object from 
 the horizon and from the median plane. D.'s 
 Rings, rainbow-colored rings seen in cases 
 of glaucoma and by normal and cataractous 
 eyes when the pupil is dilated. They are 
 attributed to the diffraction of light by the 
 cortex of the crystalline lens. D.'s Schema, 
 an arrangement of the dead thorax with 
 manometers to gage the pressure. 
 
 Donne's Corpuscles. 1. The colostrum cor- 
 puscles. 2. See Bizzozerc's Blood-platelets. 
 D.'s Test for Pus, into the mass to be 
 tested stir a small piece of caustic potash. 
 The mass will be converted into a tough, 
 slimy material if pus is present. 
 
 Donovan's Solution. See Arsenic Iodid, Solu- 
 tion 0} Mercuric and of. 
 
 Dormiol (dor'-me-ol). The commercial name 
 for amylene chloral; recommended as a 
 soporific. Dose 72 _ 45 g r - (°-5~3-° Gm.). 
 
 Dormitio (dor-me'-she-o) [L.]. 1. Sleep. 2. A 
 
 sedative said to consist of dilute alcohol, oil 
 of anise, extract of lettuce, and sugar. 
 
 Dorsad (dor' -sad) [dorsum; ad, toward]. Toward 
 the dorsal aspect. 
 
 Dorsal (dor'-sal) [dorsum]. Pertaining to the 
 back or to the posterior part of an organ. 
 D. Artery. See under Artery. D. Decu- 
 bitus, recumbency in the supine position. D. 
 Reflex. See under Reflexes. 
 
 Dorsalis pedis (dor -sa' -lis pe'dis). See 
 under Artery. 
 
 Dorsi- (dor-si-). The same as Dor so-. 
 
 Dorsicolumn (dor -se-koV -um) [dorsi-; columna, 
 a column]. The dorsal column of the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Dorsi co mmissura (dor-se-kom-is-u'-rah) [dor- 
 si-; commissure]. Wilder's name for the gray 
 commissure of the spinal cord. 
 
 Dorsidu ction (dor -se-duk' - shun) [dorsi-; 
 ducere, to lead]. The act of moving toward 
 the back. 
 
 Dorsiflexion (dor -se-flek' -shun) [dorsi-; flectere, to 
 bend]. A flexion, as of toes, toward the back. 
 
 Dorsispinal (dor-se-spi'-nal) [dorsi-; spina, 
 spine]. Relating to the back and the spinal 
 column. 
 
 Dorsiventral (dor-se-ven'-tral). See Dor so- 
 abdominal. 
 
 Dorso- (dor-so-) [dorsum]. A prefix used to 
 signify pertaining to the back. 
 
 Dorsoabdominal (dor-so-ab-dom'-in-al) [dor- 
 so-; abdomen]. Relating to both the dorsal 
 and the abdominal region; extending from the 
 back to the abdomen. Syn., Dorsiventral. 
 
 Dorsoacromial (dor-so-ak-ro'-me-al). Relating 
 to the back and the acromion. 
 
 Dorsoanterior (dor-so-an-te'-re-or). Applied 
 to a fetus having its back toward the ventral 
 aspect of the mother. 
 
 Dorsocervical (dor-so-ser'-vik-al). Relating 
 to the back and the neck. 
 
 Dorso costal (dor-so-kos'-tal). Relating to the 
 back and the ribs. 
 
 Dorsointerosseal, Dorsointerosseous (dor- 
 so -in -ter-os'-e-al, -us). Located between the 
 metacarpal or metatarsal bones and on the 
 back of the hand or foot. 
 
 Dorso intestinal (dor -so -in-test' -in-al). Situ- 
 ated upon the dorsal aspect of the intestine. 
 
 Dorsolateral (dor-so-lat'-er-al). Relating to 
 the back and the sides. 
 
 Dorsomedian (dor-so-me'-de-an). Situated in 
 or relating to the middle region of the back. 
 
 Dorsonasal (dor-so-na'-zal). Relating to the 
 back of the nose. 
 
 Dorsoposterior (dor-so-pos-te'-re-or). Applied 
 to the position of a fetus having its back 
 toward the dorsal aspect of the mother. 
 
 Dorsoradial (dor-so-ra'-de-al). Relating to or 
 situated upon the dorsal aspect and radial 
 border of the hand, finger, or arm. 
 
 Dorsoulnar (dor-so-ul'-nar). Relating to or 
 situated upon the dorsal aspect and ulnar 
 border of the arm, hand, or finger. 
 
 Dorsum (dor' -sum) [L.]. 1. The back. 2. Any 
 part corresponding to the back, as the dorsum 
 of the foot, hand, tongue, penis, etc. 
 
DOSAGE 
 
 359 
 
 DRAINAGE 
 
 Dosage (do'-saj) [dose]. The determination of 
 the proper amount of a medicine or other agent 
 for a given case or condition. D., Electric, 
 the regulation of the strength of an electric 
 current for therapeutic purposes. 
 
 Dose (dos) [doacc, a portion given]. The 
 measured portion of medicine to be taken 
 at one time. D., Divided, a relatively small 
 quantity of a drug taken at short intervals. 
 D., Lethal, a dose sufficient to kill. D., 
 Maximum, the largest dose consistent with 
 safety. D., Minimum, the smallest quan- 
 tity of a medicine that will produce physio- 
 logic effects. 
 
 Dosimetric {do - sim - et' - rik) [see Dosimetry]. 
 Relating to or characterized by dosimetry. 
 
 Dosimetry (do -sim' -et -re) [dose; fihpov, a 
 measure]. The accurate and systematic 
 measurement of a dose. 
 
 Dossil (dos'-il) [ME., dosil, a spigot]. A 
 cylindric pledget of lint for cleansing wounds. 
 
 Dothienenteritis, Dothinenteritis (doth-e-en- 
 en-ter-i'-tis, doth-in-en-ter-i'-tis) [dodcrp, aboil; 
 evT-pov, bowel; ntc, inflammation]. Enteric or 
 typhoid fever; inflammation of Peyer's patches. 
 
 Douche (doosh) [Fr.]. i. A stream of water 
 directed against a part, or one used to flush 
 a cavity of the body. 2. An apparatus for 
 directing a jet of water or other substance 
 against a part. D., Air-, a current of air 
 directed against some organ for therapeutic 
 purposes. D., Alternating, a hot and cold 
 current applied in succession. D., Capillary. 
 See A qua p unc tier e. D., Charcot, a cold 
 daily spinal douche. D., Galvanic, a pre- 
 cision douche by means of which the faradic 
 or galvanic current can be communicated 
 to the douching current; especially effective 
 in gastralgias and enteralgias. D., Hot-air, 
 the use of a blast of heated air as a 
 method of treatment, especially in gouty 
 rheumatism and neuralgic conditions. D., 
 Mobile, one applied successively to different 
 regions of the body. D., Precision, one 
 by which fluid of any desired temperature 
 can be applied under any desired pressure. 
 D., Rain-, a shower-bath^ D., Scotch, D., 
 Scottish, one of alternating temperature. 
 D., Sheet-, one in which a sheet of water 
 is directed through a slit. D., Transitional. 
 See D., Alternating, and D., Scotch. 
 
 Douglas' Crescentic Fold. The lower 
 border of the posterior sheath of the rectus 
 abdominis. D.'s Culdesac, D.'s Pouch. 
 See Culdesac, Douglas'. D.'s Ligaments, the 
 rectouterine folds of the peritoneum. D.'s 
 Line. See Line, Semicircular, Douglas'. 
 D.'s Semilunar Fold, a thin curved mar- 
 gin that forms the lower part of the pos- 
 terior wall of the sheath of the abdominal 
 rectus muscle. D.'s Septum, in the fetus 
 the septum formed by the union of Rathke's 
 folds and transforming the rectum into a 
 complete canal. 
 
 Doundake (doon-dak-a) [Fr.]. The Guinea 
 peach, Sarcocephalus esculentus, yielding a 
 tonic, febrifuge, and astringent bark. Dose 
 
 of the wine (3 %) 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc.) ; of the ex- 
 tract 2^-3 gr. (0.16-0.2 Gm.); of the bark 50- 
 60 gr. (3.2-3.8 Gm.); oiiheaqueous extract 3—4 
 min. (0.2-0.25 Cc). 
 
 Doundakin (doon-dak-in) . An alkaloid from 
 doundake; a substitute for quinin. Dose 
 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.25 Gm.). 
 
 Dover's Powder. A powder containing 10% 
 each of opium and ipecac. 
 
 Dowieism (dow'-e-izm). A form of faith-cure 
 propagated in America by a charlatan named 
 Dowie (1899). 
 
 Doyere's Eminence, D.'s Hillock, D.'s 
 Papilla, D.'s Tuft {doy-yar'). The slight 
 elevation in a muscular fiber corresponding 
 to the entrance of a nerve-fiber. 
 
 Dracaena (dra-se'-nah). A genus of liliaceous 
 trees. D. cinnabari and D. schizantha 
 of eastern Africa, and D. draco t of western 
 Africa, afford part of the dragon's-blood of 
 commerce. 
 
 Drachm (dram). See Dram. 
 
 Dracontiasis (dra-kon-ti' -as-is) [Dracunculus]. 
 The skin disease caused by Dracuncidus 
 medinensis. 
 
 Dracontium (dra - kon' -she - urn) [dpancov, a 
 dragon]. Skunk -cabbage. 
 
 Dracunculus (dra - kun' - ku - lus) [dim. of 
 opaKcov, a dragon; a serpent]. A genus of 
 threadworms belonging to the family 
 Filariidce. D. medinensis. See Filaria 
 medinensis. 
 
 Draft (draft). See Draught. 
 
 Dragendorff's Test for Bile-pigments. 
 Spread a few drops of the urine on an un- 
 glazed porcelain surface, and after absorption 
 has taken place add a drop or two of nitric 
 acid. If bile is present, several rings of color 
 will be produced, the green ring, which is 
 characteristic of bile-pigments, being chief 
 among them. 
 
 Dragon's-blood (drag'-onz-blud). 1. The 
 astringent resin of Calamus ratang and C. 
 draco, East Indian ratan-palms. 2. The 
 resin of various species of Dracaena. 3. The 
 resin of Pterocarpns draco, a West Indian 
 tree. The various kinds of dragon's-blood 
 are astringent, but are no longer used inter- 
 nally. 
 
 Drain (drdn) [ME., drainen, to drain]. A 
 material that affords a channel of exit for 
 the discharge from a wound or cavity. 
 
 Drainage (dran'-aj) [drain]. The method of 
 effecting the exit of the discharges from a 
 wound or cavities by means of tubes or 
 strands of fibers or by a free incision. D., 
 Capillary, that by means of capillary at- 
 traction, using loosely woven cloth, thread 
 wisps of hair, etc. D., Through-, drainage 
 accomplished by means of counteropenings 
 and the passage of a tube completely 
 through the part to be drained, so that 
 a cleansing fluid may be injected through 
 one opening and allowed to escape by the 
 counteropening. D.-tube, a rubber or glass 
 tube with perforations for draining wounds 
 or cavities. 
 
DRAM 3 
 
 Dram, Drachm (dram) [dpaxM, a Greek 
 weight]. The eighth part of the apothecaries' 
 ounce, equal to 60 grains- or 3.9 grams. Also 
 the sixteenth part of the avoirdupois ounce, 
 equal to 27.34 grains. D., Fluid-. See 
 Fluidram. 
 
 Drapetomania (drap-et-o-ma' -ne-ah) [dpa7thf)c, 
 a runaway; jxav'ca, madness]. A morbid desire 
 to wander from home. 
 
 Drastic (dras'-tik) \opav, to act]. 1. Severe; 
 harsh; powerful. 2. A powerful and irritat- 
 ing purgative. 
 
 Draught (draft) [AS., dragan, to draw]. 
 A quantity of liquid drunk at one gulp. 
 D., Black, compound infusion of senna. 
 D., Effervescing, one containing sodium 
 or potassium bicarbonate and a vegetable 
 acid. 
 
 Drechsel's Test for Bile Acids. A beautiful 
 red color is produced if bile acids are present 
 in a substance treated with a little cane-sugar 
 and a few drops of a mixture composed -of 
 5 parts of syrupy phosphoric acid and 1 part 
 water, and warmed on a water-bath. 
 
 Drepanidium (drep-an-id'-e-um) [dpexavr), a. 
 sickle]. The sickle-shaped young of certain 
 protozoans. D. ranarum, a (probably) 
 parasitic cytozoon of frogs' blood. 
 
 Dressing (dres'-ing) [ME., dressen, to make 
 straight]. 1. The application of various 
 materials for protecting a wound and favor- 
 ing its healing. 2. The material so applied. 
 
 Dressler's Disease. Paroxysmal hemoglob- 
 inuria. 
 
 Dromomania (dro-mo-ma' -ne-ah) [dpo/xoc, a 
 course; fxav'ca, madness]. An insane desire 
 to wander; vagabondage. 
 
 Dromotropic (dro - mo - tro' - pik) [dpbfioc, a 
 course; rpknecv, to turn]. Applied by T. W. 
 Englemann to a supposed set of fibers in 
 the cardiac nerves which he holds influences 
 the power of conducting the contraction. 
 Cf. Bathmotropic; Inotropic. 
 
 Drop [AS., dropa]. 1. A minute mass of liquid 
 which in falling or in hanging from a surface 
 assumes the spheric form. 2. The falling of 
 a part, as from paralysis. D., Black, 
 acetum opii. See Opium, Vinegar of. D.- 
 culture, in bacteriology, a culture prepared 
 by placing a little of the infected material in a 
 drop of the culture-medium. D., Wrist-. 
 See under Wrist. 
 
 Dropped (dropt'). In a condition of ptosis. D. 
 Foot, extreme extension of the foot, especially 
 observed in alcoholic neuritis, and dependent 
 upon weakness of the flexors of the foot. 
 .D. Hand, a form of paralysis from lead- 
 poisoning, consisting in the inability to 
 contract the extensors of the wrist. D. Lid, 
 ptosis of the upper lid. 
 
 Dropsical (drop' -sik-al) [dropsy]. Affected with 
 or pertaining to dropsy. 
 
 Dropsy (drop'-se) [udpcoif), dropsy]. An infil- 
 tration of the tissues with diluted lymph, or 
 the collection of such lymph in the body- 
 cavities. D., Abdominal, D. of Belly, 
 ascites. D., Acute, dropsy due to conges- 
 
 DUANE'S TEST 
 
 
 tion of the kidneys from sudden exposure 
 to cold. Syn., Active dropsy; Febrile dropsy; 
 Plethoric dropsy. D., Cachectic, that occurr- 
 ing in cachexia; it is due to decrease of the 
 albuminous constituents of the blood and 
 an increase of the watery constituents. D., 
 Cardiac, that due to failure of compensation 
 in cardiac disease. D. of Chest, hydro- 
 thorax. D., Encysted. See Ascites saccatus. 
 D. of the Gall-bladder, dilation of the 
 gall-bladder with the secretion of the mucous 
 glands and with epithelium: a very unusual 
 condition due to obliteration of the cystic 
 duct. D., General. 1. Dropsy of one or 
 more of the large serous sacs of the body 
 combined with anasarca. 2. Superficial 
 dropsy when it affects the trunk and arms 
 as well as the legs. D., Glandular, that 
 due to disease of the lymphatics. D., Lym- 
 phatic, infiltration of the tissues with lymph 
 caused by obstruction of the lymphatics. 
 D., Mechanic, that due to mechanic ob- 
 struction of the veins or lymphatics. D., 
 Passive. 1. That due to obstruction of the 
 veins or lymphatics or to defective absorption. 
 2. See D., Cachectic. D. of Pericardium, 
 hydropericardium. D. of Peritoneum, 
 ascites. D., Renal. 1. Anasarca due to 
 disease of the kidneys. 2. Hydronephrosis. 
 D., Symptomatic, that said to be in- 
 duced when there is 6% of albumin in 
 the blood with a simultaneous increase of 
 arterial pressure. 
 
 Drosera (dros'-er-ah) [opooepoc, covered with 
 dew]. Sundew. D. rotundi folia and D. 
 longifolia have been used in pulmonary tuber- 
 culosis. It is an antispasmodic, and is used in 
 whooping-cough and other spasmodic coughs. 
 
 Drug [Fr., drogue]. A substance used as a 
 medicine. D., Antagonistic, one that neu- 
 tralizes the action of another. 
 
 Drum [ME., drumme]. The tympanum. 
 See under Ear. 
 
 Drumhead (drum'-hed). The tympanic mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Drummond's Sign. The "oral whiff" heard 
 when the mouth is closed; it disappears 
 on compression of the nostrils; it is observed 
 in cases of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. 
 
 Drumstick (drum' -stik) . A stick terminating 
 in a knob. The word is used to describe 
 certain microbes, clubbed organs, etc. D. 
 Bacillus, Bacillus putrificus coli. See under 
 Bacteria. 
 
 Druse (drus) [Ger.]. A rupture of tissues with 
 no surface-lesion. 
 
 Dry (dri) [AS., dryge]. Free from moist- 
 ure. D. -cupping, cupping without incis- 
 ing the skin. D. Gangrene. See Gangrene, 
 Dry. D. Labor, one in which there is but 
 a slight discharge of liquor amnii. D. Pleur- 
 isy, pleurisy without effusion. D. Wine, a 
 wine containing little or no sugar. 
 
 Drysdale's Ovarian Corpuscles. See Cor- 
 puscles, DrysdaWs Ovarian. 
 
 Duane's Test. A candle having been placed 
 in front of the person to be examined, a 
 
DUBINI'S DISEASE 
 
 361 
 
 DUCT 
 
 screen is held before one eye for a time and 
 then suddenly transferred to the other side. 
 The existence of deviation in the first eye 
 ■is recognized by a sudden apparent displace- 
 ment of the candle-flame in the direction 
 opposite to that in which the eye has 
 deviated. 
 
 Dubini's Disease. Rapid rhythmic contrac- 
 tions of one or more groups of muscles, be- 
 ginning in a finger, an extremity, or a half 
 of the face, and extending over the greater 
 part or the whole of the body. They are 
 generally followed by palsies and often by 
 coma and death. The affection has been 
 observed thus far only in Italy. Syn., Electric 
 chorea; Spasmus dubini. 
 
 Dubois' Abscess, D.'s Disease. The presence 
 of multiple necrotic foci in the thymus glands 
 of infants affected with hereditary syphilis. 
 
 Duboisin idu-bois'-in), C 17 H 23 N0 3 . An alka- 
 loid from Duboisia myoporoides, a tall shrub 
 of Australia identical with hyoscyamin. It 
 is used as a mydriatic; also as a hypnotic 
 and sedative in epilepsy. Dose fo'TV S r - 
 (0.0008-0.002 Gm.). Antidotes: emetics, 
 pilocarpin, muscarin. D. Hydrobromate, 
 dose and uses the same as duboisin. D. 
 Hydrochlorate, usage and dose as duboisin. 
 D. Salicylate, used as a mydriatic in 0.2 to 
 0.8% solution. D. Sulfate, used as a my- 
 driatic in aqueous solution — jj gr. to 1 oz. of 
 water (0.005 Gm. to 30 Cc). 
 
 DuBois-Reymond's Inductorium. See Indnc- 
 torium, Dubois-Reymond 1 s . D.-R.'s Key. See 
 Key, Dubois-Reymond 's. D.-R.'s Law, it is 
 not the absolute value of current density at a 
 given moment that acts as a stimulus to a 
 muscle or motor nerve, but the variation of 
 density. 
 
 Duchenne's Attitude. In paralysis of the 
 trapezius the shoulder droops; the shoulder- 
 blade seesaws so that its internal edge, instead 
 of being parallel to the vertebral column, be- 
 comes oblique from top to bottom and from 
 without in. D.'s Disease, tabes dorsalis. 
 D.'s Paralysis, progressive muscular dys- 
 trophy with pseudohypertrophy. D.'s Sign, 
 sinking-in of the epigastrium during inspira- 
 tion in cases of marked hydropericardium or 
 impaired movement of the diaphragm from 
 pressure or paralysis. D.'s Syndrome, labio- 
 glossolaryngeal paralysis. 
 
 Duchenne-Aran's Disease. See Aran- 
 Duchenne's Disease. 
 
 Duchenne-Erb's Paralysis. See ErVs 
 Paralysis. 
 
 Duchenne-Landouzy's Type of Progressive 
 Muscular Atrophy. See Landouzy-Dejerine 1 s 
 Type of Progressive Muscular A trophy. 
 
 Duckworth's Syndrome. Complete stop- 
 page of respiration several hours before that 
 of the heart in certain cerebral diseases at- 
 tended by intracranial pressure. 
 
 Duct (dukt) [diccere, to lead]. A tube or chan- 
 nel, especially one for conveying the secre- 
 tions of a gland. D. of Bartholin, the 
 larger and longer of the sublingual ducts, 
 
 opening into the mouth near to, or in com- 
 mon with, Wharton's duct. D., Blasius'. 
 See D. of Stenson. D., Common 
 Bile-, a duct formed by the union of the 
 cystic and hepatic ducts. D., Cowperian, 
 the efferent duct of Cowper's gland. D.s of 
 Cuvier, two short transverse venous trunks 
 in the fetus, one on either side, opening into 
 the auricle of the heart. Each is formed by 
 the union of a superior vein, the primitive 
 jugular, and an inferior vein. The right one 
 becomes the superior vena cava; the left 
 one disappears. D., Cystic, the excretory 
 duct of the gall-bladder. D., Ejaculatory, 
 a duct formed by the union of the vas deferens 
 and the duct of the seminal vesicle and carry- 
 ing the semen into the urethra. D., Endo- 
 lymphatic, a tubular process of the mem- 
 branous labyrinth of the ear, passing through 
 the aqueduct of the vestibule into the cranial 
 cavity, where it terminates below the dura 
 mater in a blind enlargement, the sacculus 
 endolymphaticus. D., Galactophorous, one 
 of the milk-ducts of the mammary gland. 
 D., Gartner's. See Canal, Gartner's. D., 
 Hepatic, a duct formed at the margin of 
 the transverse fissure of the liver by the 
 junction of the right and left hepatic ducts. 
 D., Lacrimal. See D., Nasal. D., Lac- 
 tiferous. See D., Galactophorous. D., 
 Lymphatic, Right, the vessel that receives 
 the lymph from the lymphatics of the right 
 arm, the right side of the head and neck, 
 the chest, lung, and right side of the heart, 
 and also from the upper surface of the liver. 
 It terminates at the junction of the right sub- 
 clavian and internal jugular veins. D.s of 
 Miiller, ducts in the embryo, one on each 
 side, parallel to the wolffian duct and ex- 
 tending from the body-cavity to the cloaca. 
 From them are derived the oviducts, uterus, 
 and vagina. In the male they atrophy. D., 
 Nasal, the duct that conveys the tears from 
 the lacrimal sac into the inferior meatus of 
 the nose. D., Pancreatic, one that extends 
 from the pancreas to the duodenum at the 
 point where the common bile-duct enters the 
 bowel. D., Pancreatic, Accessory, the 
 excretory duct of the lesser pancreas, opening 
 into the pancreatic duct or into the duodenum, 
 close to the orifice of the common bile-duct. 
 D., Prostatic, any one of the ducts conveying 
 the secretion of the prostate into the urethra. 
 D., Rathke's, that portion of Muller's duct 
 which intervenes between the latter and the 
 sinus pocularis; it may persist after birth as 
 a patulous duct. D., Reichel's Cloacal, 
 in the embryo, the narrow cleft separating 
 Deuglas' septum from the cloaca. D. of 
 Rivini, one of the ducts of the sublingual 
 salivary gland. D., Salivary, a duct of any 
 salivary gland. See D. of Wharton, D. of 
 Stenson, and D., Sublingual. D., Salivary, 
 Inferior, Wharton's duct. D., Salivary, 
 Superior, Stenson's duct. D.s, Schuel- 
 ler's, the ducts of Skene's glands. D., 
 Segmental, a tube, on each side of the 
 
DUCTILE 
 
 362 
 
 DUODENUM 
 
 body of the embryo, situated between the 
 visceral and parietal layers of the meso- 
 blast, opening anteriorly into the body-cavity 
 and posteriorly into the cloaca. D., Sper- 
 matic, the vas deferens. D. of Steno. 
 See D. of Stenson. D. of Stenson, the duct 
 of the parotid gland. D., Sublingual. See 
 D. of Bartholin and D. of Rivini. D., 
 Thoracic, a duct 18 to 20 inches long, be- 
 ginning in the receptaculum chyli, passing 
 upward, and emptying into the left sub- 
 clavian vein at its junction with the left 
 internal jugular vein. It receives all the 
 lymph and chyle not received by the right 
 lymphatic duct. D.s, Walther's, the ducts 
 of the accessory sublingual glands. D. of 
 Wharton, the duct of the submaxillary 
 salivary gland. D. of Wirsung, the main 
 duct of the pancreas. It empties into the 
 duodenum. D., Wolffian, the duct of the 
 wolffian body of the embryo. It becomes the 
 vas deferens. 
 
 Ductile {duk'-til) [duct]. Capable of being 
 drawn out thin, as a wire or thread. 
 
 Duction {duk'-shun) [duct]. A colloquialism 
 used to represent one or more of the terms 
 abduction, adduction, or sursumduction. 
 
 Ductless Glands. The spleen, thyroid and 
 thymus glands, suprarenal capsules, and 
 pituitary body, which have no excretory 
 duct. 
 
 Ductule {duk'-tul) [ductulus, a small duct]. 
 A small duct. 
 
 Ductus (duk f - tus) [L.]. A duct. D. 
 arteriosus, a short vessel in the fetus 
 connecting the pulmonary artery with the 
 aorta. D. auditorius, D. cochlearis, the 
 scala media of the cochlea. D. cuvieri. 
 See Ducts of Cuvier. D. pancreaticus 
 azygos, the accessory pancreatic duct. D. 
 pancreaticus minor, D. pancreaticus 
 recurrens, D. pancreaticus santorini, 
 D. pancreaticus secondarius, D. pan- 
 creaticus superior. See Duct, Pancreatic, 
 Accessory. D. papillares, the uriniferous 
 tubules. D. perilymphaticus, the aqueduct 
 of the cochlea. D. rosenthalianus, the 
 accessory pancreatic duct. D. seminales, 
 D. seminiferi, the seminiferous tubules. 
 D. venosus, a branch of the umbilical vein 
 in the fetus which empties directly into the 
 ascending vena cava. 
 
 Duddell's Membrane. See Descemet's Mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Dugas' Test. In dislocation of the shoulder- 
 joint the elbow cannot be made to touch the 
 side of the chest when the hand of the affected 
 side is placed on the opposite shoulder. 
 
 Duhring's Disease. Dermatitis herpetiformis. 
 D.'s Pruritus, pruritus hiemalis. 
 
 Dulcamara {dul-kam-a'-ra) [dulcis, sweet; 
 amarus, bitter]. Bittersweet. The young 
 branches of Solanum dulcamara, containing 
 an alkaloid, solanin. In overdoses it causes 
 nausea, emesis, and convulsive muscular 
 movements, and in toxic doses it is a narcotic 
 poison. It is employed in psoriasis and 
 
 similar skin diseases. Dose of the fluidextract 
 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Dulcamarin (dul-kam-a' -rin) [dulcamara], 
 C 2 2^ M O 10 . A yellow, amorphous alkaloid 
 found in dulcamara, with a sweetish-bitter 
 taste, sparingly soluble in water, freely 
 so in alcohol and acetic acid, insoluble in 
 ether and in chloroform. 
 
 Dulcify {dul'-sif-i). To render sweet. 
 
 Dulcin {dul'-sin), C 9 H 12 N 2 2 . A toxic sub- 
 stance 200 times sweeter than cane-sugar, 
 obtained from paraphenetidin by action of 
 potassium cyanate. It is used as a sweeten- 
 ing medium. Syn., Paraethoxyphenylurea; 
 Paraphenetol-carbamid; Sucrol; Valzin. 
 
 Dulcit, Dulcitol {dul'-sit, dul'-sit-ol) [dulcis], 
 C 6 H 14 O b . Sugar from Melampyrum nemoro- 
 sum and other plants. 
 
 Dulcose {duV-kos). Dulcitol. 
 
 Dulness, Dullness {dul'-nes) [AS., dol, dull]. 
 Lack of resonance on percussion. 
 
 Dumb (dum). Unable to utter . articulate 
 speech. D. Ague, a popular term for ague 
 or malaria marked by obscure symptoms. 
 
 Dumontpallier's Test for Bile-pigments. 
 See Smith's Reaction. 
 
 Duncan Bird's Sign. See Bird's Sign. 
 
 Duncan's Folds. The folds of the loose peri- 
 toneal covering of the uterus seen immediately 
 after delivery. D.'s Position of the Pla- 
 centa, the marginal position generally as- 
 sumed by the placenta on presenting itself at 
 the os uteri for expulsion. D.'s Ventricle, 
 the fifth ventricle. Syn., Sinus duncanii. 
 
 Duodenal {du-o-de' -nal or / du-od' -en-al) 
 [duodenum]. Relating to the duodenum. 
 
 Duodeno- {du-od-en-o-) [duodenum]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to the duodenum. 
 
 Duodenocholecystostomy {du-od-en-o -kol-e- 
 sis -to s' -to-me) [duodeno-; x°^V> bile; cystos- 
 tomy]. The formation of a fistula between the 
 duodenum and gall-bladder. 
 
 Duodenocholedochotomy {du-od-en-o-koled-o- 
 kot'-o-me). A modification of choledochotomy 
 consisting in incising the duodenum in order 
 to reach the gall-duct. 
 
 Duodenocystostomy {du-od-en-o -sist-os 1 f -to-me) 
 [duodeno-; cystostomy]. The establishment 
 of a communication between the bladder and 
 the duodenum. 
 
 Duodenoenterostomy {du-od-en-o-en-ter-os'- 
 to-me) [duodeno-; enterostomy]. The for- 
 mation of a fistula between the duodenum 
 and small intestine. 
 
 Duodenogastric {du-od-en-o-gas'-trik). See 
 Gastroduodenal. 
 
 Duodenostomy {du-od-en-o <s' '-to-me) [duo- 
 deno-; oTOfia, a mouth]. The operation of 
 forming an opening into the duodenum 
 through the abdominal walls. 
 
 Duodenotomy {du-od-en-oV '-o-me) [duodeno-; 
 xkjivetv, to cut]. Surgical incision of the 
 duodenum. 
 
 Duodenum {du-o-de' '-num or du-od' -en-um) 
 [duodeni, twelve each; so called because it 
 is about 12 fingerbreadths long]. The first 
 part of the small intestine beginning at the 
 
DUOTAL 
 
 363 
 
 DYNAMOMETRY 
 
 pylorus. It is from 8 to 10 inches long, is the 
 most fixed part of the small intestine, consists 
 of an ascending, descending, and transverse 
 portion, and contains the openings of the 
 pancreatic duct and the common bile-ducts. 
 Duotal (du'-o-tal). The commercial name for 
 
 guaiacol carbonate. 
 Duparque's Method for Detecting Ascites. 
 When fluctuation is indistinct, the patient is to 
 be placed on one side for a few moments, so 
 that the whole quantity of fluid may gravitate 
 to the depending flank; then quickly turned 
 upon the back, when dulness and temporary 
 fluctuation will be found at the site of ac- 
 cumulation. 
 
 Dupre's Syndrome. Meningism; pseudo- 
 meningitis. 
 
 Dupuytren's Contraction. See Contraction, 
 Dupuytren's. D.'s Delirium. See Delirium, 
 Dupuytren's. D.'s Egg-shell Symptom, the 
 sensation of a delicate crepitant shell (egg-shell 
 crackling) imparted on slight pressure in 
 certain cases of sarcoma of long bones. D.'s 
 Finger. See Contraction, Dupuytren's. D.'s 
 Fracture, fracture of the lower end of the 
 fibula, with displacement of the foot outward 
 and backward. D.'s Hydrocele, bilocular 
 hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis. Syn., 
 Hydrocele enbissac. D.'s Phlegmon, unilat- 
 eral phlegmonous suppuration occupying the 
 anterolateral portion of the neck. D.'s Splint, 
 a splint used in the treatment of Pott's fracture 
 of the leg. 
 
 Dura, Dura mater (du'-rah ma'-ter) [durus, 
 hard; mater, mother]. The fibrous membrane 
 forming the outermost covering of the brain 
 and spinal cord. 
 
 Duritis (du-ri'-tis). Inflammation of the dura; 
 pachy me ningitis . 
 
 Duroleum (du-ro'-le-um). An ointment -base 
 obtained from petroleum. 
 
 Duroziez's Disease. Congenital mitral steno- 
 sis. D.'s Murmur, a double murmur heard 
 over the femoral artery on pressure with the 
 stethoscope in cases of aortic insufficiency, 
 mitral stenosis, lead-poisoning, contracted kid- 
 ney, and some fevers. 
 
 Dusting-powder. Any fine powder used to 
 dust on the skin to absorb or diminish its 
 secretions or allay irritation. 
 
 Dutch Liquid. See Ethene Chlorid. 
 
 Duval's Nucleus. An aggregation of large 
 multipolar ganglion-cells lying ventrolateral^ 
 to the hypoglossal nucleus. 
 
 Duverney's Foramen. See Winslow's Foramen. 
 D.'s Gland. Same as Bartholin's Gland. 
 
 Dwarfism (dwarf -izm) [ME., dwarf]. An 
 abnormal stature in man, often pathologic 
 (microcephalia, rickets, etc.), in which the 
 height falls below i m. 25 cm. 
 
 Dyad (di'-ad). See Diad. 
 
 Dyaster (di-as' -ter) . See Diaster. 
 
 Dye (di) [ME., dyen, to dye]. 1. To color a 
 substance by immersing it in some coloring- 
 matter. 2. The material used as a coloring 
 substance. D., Acid, one produced by com- 
 bining a substance having coloring properties 
 
 and which plays the part of an acid (an anilin) 
 with some ordinary base, as sodium, potas- 
 sium, etc. D., Basic, one produced by com- 
 bining with some acid a coloring princi- 
 ple (an anilin) which plays the part of a 
 base. 
 
 Dyestuff (di'-stuf). See Dye (2). D.s, In- 
 different, a group of histologic dyestuff s, 
 neither basic nor acid, obtained from acid 
 which possesses a peculiar affinity for fats; 
 an example is sudan III (benzol-azobeta- 
 naphthol). D., Neutral, Ehrlich's term for 
 a salt the acid portion of which is an acid dye 
 and of which the basic portion is a basic dye. 
 
 Dymal (di'-mal). See Didymium Salicylate. 
 
 Dymyarious (di-mi-a' -re-us) [duac, two; ptuc, a 
 muscle]. Furnished with two muscles. 
 
 Dynactinometer (di-nak-tin-om' -et-er) [duvajicc, 
 power; clkxcc, a ray; /xhpov, a measure]. 
 An apparatus for determining the intensity of 
 the photogenic rays and estimating the power 
 of object glasses. 
 
 Dynameter (di-nam' '-et-er). See Dynamom- 
 eter (2). 
 
 Dynamia (di-na'-me-ah) [30vap.cc, power]. 1. 
 Ability to resist disease or to withstand the 
 effects of any strain, physical or mental. 2. 
 The sthenic character of any attack of disease. 
 
 Dynamic (di-nam'-ik) [dynamia]. Pertaining 
 to energy; sthenic; characterized by energy 
 or great force. 
 
 Dynamicity (di-nam-is' '-it-e) [dynamia]. The 
 greatest capacity for inherent power possessed 
 
 . by a substance or organism. 
 
 Dynamics (di-nam'-iks). See Mechanics. 
 D., Vital, the science of the inherent power 
 of an organism. 
 
 Dynamimeter, Dynamiometer (di-nam-im'- 
 et-er, di-nam-e-om' -et-er) . See Dynamometer. 
 
 Dynamo {di' -nam-o) [pbvaptc, power]. A ma- 
 chine in which an electric current is generated • 
 by revolving coils of insulated wire through 
 the field of a magnet intensified by the same 
 current. 
 
 Dynamogen (di-nam' -o-jen). A proprietary 
 remedy resembling hematogen; used in ane- 
 mia. 
 
 Dynamograph (di - nam' - o -graf) [dynamo; 
 ypa<f>£cv, to write]. An instrument designed 
 to measure and record graphically muscular 
 strength. 
 
 Dynamography (di-nam-og'-ra-fe) [see Dy- 
 namograph]. 1. Mechanics. 2. The meas- 
 urement and graphic record of muscular 
 strength. 
 
 Dynamometer (di-nam-om' -et-er) [dynamo; 
 pkxpov, a measure]. 1. An instrument for 
 the measurement of muscular strength, 
 particularly of the hand. 2. An instrument 
 for estimating the magnifying power of 
 lenses. Syn., Dynameter; Optical dynamom- 
 eter. 
 
 Dynamometry (di-nam-om' -et-re) [see Dyna- 
 mometer]. The measurement of force^ by 
 means of the dynamometer. D., Vital, 
 the estimation of the inherent force of an 
 individual. 
 
DYNAMOSCOPE 
 
 364 
 
 DYSMENORRHEA 
 
 Dynamoscope (di - nam' -o- skop) [dynamo; 
 oKoitelv, to examine]. An apparatus for 
 auscultating the muscles. 
 
 Dyne (din) [duva/juc, power]. A measure of 
 force; it is the force that, when applied 
 to a mass of one gram for one second, will 
 give it a velocity of one centimeter a second. 
 
 Dys- [due-]. A prefix meaning bad, difficult, 
 painful. 
 
 Dysacousma (dis-ak-ooz'-mah) [dys-; aKouo'ca, 
 hearing]. A sensation of pain or discomfort 
 caused by loud or even moderately loud noises. 
 
 Dysacusia, Dysacousis (dis-ak-oo' -ze-ah, -sis) 
 [see Dysacousma]. Difficulty of hearing. 
 
 Dysesthesia (dis-es-ihe' -ze-ah). See Dyses- 
 thesia. 
 
 Dysalbumose (dis-al'-bu-moz). A variety of 
 albumose, insoluble in hot or cold water or 
 hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Dysarthria (dis-ar' -thr e-ah) [dys-;apdpov, articu- 
 lation]. Impairment of articulation. 
 
 Dysarthrias (dis-ar -ihri' -tis) [dys-; arthritis]. 
 Anomalous gout. 
 
 Dysarthrosis (dis-ar -thro' -sis) [dys-; apdpov, a 
 joint]. A deformed joint. 
 
 Dysbasia (dis-ba' -ze-ah) [dys-; fiaocc, a step]. 
 Impairment of the power of walking. D. 
 intermittens. See Claudication, Charcot's In- 
 termittent. 
 
 Dysblennia (dis-blen' -e-ah) [dys-; [IXkvva, 
 mucus]. A disordered state or formation of 
 the mucus. 
 
 Dyscatabrosis (dis-kat-ah-bro'-sis) [dys-; mra- 
 Ppojocc, a devouring]. ' Difficulty in swal- 
 lowing food; dysphagia. 
 
 Dyschezia (dis-ke' -ze-ah) [dys-; xK £iV > t° go to 
 
 - stool]. Painful or difficult defecation, as in 
 cases of prolapse of the ovary. 
 
 Dyscholia (dis-ko'-le-ah) [dys-; 70A77, bile]. A 
 disordered or morbid state of the bile. 
 
 Dyschondroplasia (dis-kon-dro-pla' -ze-ah) [dys-; 
 jovdpoc, cartilage; nXaocc, molding]. A 
 disease of unknown etiology, attacking the 
 long bones and the metacarpal and phalangeal 
 skeleton of the hand. It is characterized by 
 cartilaginous tissue developing regularly but 
 ossifying very slowly. 
 
 Dyschrea, Dyschroia, Dyschroma (dis-kre'- 
 ah, -kroi'-ah, -kro'-mah). See Dyschroa and 
 Parachrea. 
 
 Dyschroa, Dyschroea (dis-kro'-ah, -kre'-ah) 
 [dys-; XP°h> color]. Discoloration, especially 
 of the skin. 
 
 Dyschromasia (dis-kro-ma' -ze-ah). i. See 
 Dyschroa. 2. See Dyschromatopsia. 
 
 Dyschromatope (dis-kro' '-mat-op) [dys-; xpup.a, 
 color; otytg, vision]. An individual affected 
 with dyschromatopsia. 
 
 Dyschromatopsia (dis-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [see 
 Dyschromatope]. Partial color-blindness. 
 
 Dyscoria (dis-ko'-re-ah) [dys-; nopr), pupil]. Ab- 
 normity of the form of the pupil. 
 
 Dyscrasia (dis-kra' -ze-ah) [dys-; update, com- 
 bination]. A depraved condition of the 
 blood or system due to general disease. 
 
 Dysemesia, Dysemesis (dis-em-e' -ze-ah. -sis) 
 [dys-; erne sis]. Painful vomiting; retching. 
 
 Dysemia (dis-e'-me-ah) [dys-; alfia, blood]. A 
 morbid state of the blood. 
 
 Dysenteric (dis-en-ter'-ik) [dysentery]. Of the 
 nature of or affected with dysentery. 
 
 Dysenteriform (dis-en-ter'-e-form) [dysentery; 
 forma, form]. Resembling dysentery. 
 
 Dysentery (dis'-en-ter-e) [dys-; 'iv-zpov, the 
 bowel]. An inflammation of the large 
 intestine, probably infectious in origin, and 
 characterized by pain, rectal tenesmus, and 
 the frequent passage of small amounts of 
 mucus and blood. Anatomically, three varie- 
 ties may be distinguished: the catarrhal, 
 the diphtheric, and the gangrenous. The 
 
 . true cause of dysentery is not definitely 
 known, but with many cases Amoeba coli 
 is intimately associated, particularly in "the 
 dysentery of the tropics (amebic dysentery). 
 
 Dyserethisia (dis-er-e-thiz' -e-ah) [dys-; ipe- 
 d'tt^ztv, to excite]. Diminished sensibility or 
 irritability. 
 
 Dysergasia, Dysergasy (dis-er-ga' -ze-ah, dis- 
 er-ga'-ze) [ouasp-rrjc, difficult to effect]. Dis- 
 turbances of function, especially as manifested 
 in neurasthenia. 
 
 Dysesthesia (dis-es-ihe' -ze-ah) [dys-; a'cad-qocc, 
 sensation]. 1. Dulness of sensation. 2. 
 Painfulness . of any sensation not normally 
 painful. 
 
 Dysgenesia (dis-jen-e' -ze-ah) [dys-; yevvav, to 
 produce]. Loss or impairment of procreative 
 power. 
 
 Dysgeusia (dis-ju' -se-ah) [dys-; yeuocc, taste]. 
 Morbidity or perversion of the sense of taste. 
 
 Dysgraphia (dis-graf'-e-ah) [dys-; ypafatv, to 
 write]. Impairment of the power of writing 
 as a result of a brain-lesion. 
 
 Dyshidria, Dysidria (dis-hid'-re-ah, dis-id'- 
 re-ah) [dys-; v copd>g, sweat]. A morbid con- 
 dition of the function of perspiration. 
 
 Dysidrosis (dis-id-ro'-sis) [dys-; "cdpcoocg, sweat- 
 ing]. Synonym of Pompholyx. 
 
 Dyskatabrosis (dis-kat-ah-bro'-sis). See Dys- 
 catabrosis. 
 
 Dyskinesia (dis-kin-e' -ze-ah) [dys-; Klvqatc, 
 movement]. Impairment of the power of 
 voluntary motion. 
 
 Dyslalia (dis-la'-le-ah) [dys-; lahlv, to talk]. 
 Impairment of the power of speaking, due to 
 a defect of the organs of speech. 
 
 Dyslexia (dis-leks'-e-ah) [dys-; Xk$cg, reading]. 
 Impairment of the ability to read. 
 
 Dyslogia (dis-lo'-je-ah) [dys-; Xoyoc, speech]. 
 Difficulty in the expression of ideas by speech. 
 
 Dyslysin (dis' -lis-in) [dys-; XUcv, to dissolve], 
 C^HggOy . A product of cholic acid. 
 
 Dysmenorrhea (dis-men-or-e'-ah) [dys-; firjv, 
 month; fe'tv, to flow]. Difficult or painful 
 menstruation. D., Congestive, a form of 
 painful menstruation due to an intense 
 congestion of the pelvic viscera. D., 
 Inflammatory, that due to inflamma- 
 tion. D., Mechanic. See D., Obstructive. 
 D., Membranous, a very painful form char- 
 acterized by the discharge of shreds of de- 
 cidua. D., Obstructive, that due to me- 
 chanic obstruction to the free escape of the 
 
DYSMIMIA 
 
 365 
 
 DYSPNEA 
 
 menstrual fluid. D., Ovarian, that form due 
 to disease of the ovaries. D., Spasmodic, 
 that form due to spasmodic uterine con- 
 traction. D., Vascular, pain, congestive 
 symptoms in the genital apparatus, and 
 tenesmus of the bladder and anus appearing 
 some days prior to menstruation. 
 
 Dysmimia {dis-mim' -e-ah) [dys-; pLtfie'cadac, 
 to mimic]. Impairment of the power to 
 use signs and gestures. 
 
 Dysmorphophobia (dis-mor}-o-}o f -be-ah) [dys-; 
 fiop<f>7), form; 4>°fi°C> fear]. Morbid dread 
 of deformity; it is a rudimentary form of 
 paranoia. 
 
 Dysmorphosteopalinklast (dis-morf-os-te-o- 
 pal'-in-klast). An instrument for refracturing 
 a bone which has united with deformity. 
 
 Dysmorphosteopalinklasy (dis-morf-os-te-o- 
 pal-in' -kla-se) [oua/xopc^oc, deformed; dozeov, 
 a bone; nakcv, again; ukav, to break]. The 
 operation of refracturing a bone which has 
 healed with deformity after a fracture. 
 
 Dysneuria (dis-nu'-re-ah) [dys-; vzCpov, nerve]. 
 An impairment of nerve-function. 
 
 Dysodontiasis {dis-o-don-ti' -as-is) [dys-; ddov- 
 zcaacc, dentition]. Difficult dentition. 
 
 Dysopia (dis-o'-pe-ah) [dys-; axp, eye]. Painful 
 or defective vision. 
 
 Dysorexia (dis-or-eks'-e-ah) [dys-; 5pe£ef, 
 appetite]. A depraved or unnatural appetite. 
 
 Dysosmia (dis-oz' '-me-ah) [dys-; daprj, odor]. 
 Impairment of the sense of smell. 
 
 Dysostosis (dis-os-to'-sis) [dys-; daziov, bone]. 
 Defective formation of bone. D., Cleido- 
 cranial, a singular congenital malformation 
 compatible with life, intelligence, and purity 
 of the blood, consisting in incomplete os- 
 sification of the skull, malformation of the 
 palatine arch, and more or less atrophy of the 
 clavicles. 
 
 Dyspareunia (dis-par-oo'-ne-ah) [duonapwvog, 
 ill-mated]. Painful or difficult copulation. 
 D., Climacteric, pain or difficulty in coitus 
 following the menopause; it is regarded as 
 a symptom of kraurosis vulvae. 
 
 Dyspepsia {dis-pef -se-ah) [dys-; xbcreev, to 
 digest]. Disturbed digestion. D., Acid, 
 that attended with hyperacidity of the 
 gastric juice. D., Alkaline, that accom- 
 panied by lack of the normal acidity of 
 the gastric juice. D., Atonic, a form due 
 to insufficient quantity or impaired quality 
 of the gastric juice or to deficient action of 
 the gastric muscles. D., Bilious, intestinal 
 dyspepsia due to impaired secretion of bile. 
 D., Catarrhal, that caused by gastric 
 catarrh. D., Chemic, that due to some 
 change in the constitution of the digestive 
 secretions. D., Feculent, that due to excess 
 of starchy food in the diet. D., Flatulent, 
 D., Gaseous, that marked by almost con- 
 stant generation of gas within the stomach. 
 D., Gastric, that confined to the stomach. 
 D., Gastrointestinal, that in which both 
 the stomach and the intestine are concerned. 
 D., Gastrorrheal, that due to gastric catarrh 
 and hypersecretion. D., Inflammatory, 
 
 that due to some form of gastritis. D., 
 Intestinal, that due to imperfect digestive 
 action of the intestinal juices or to lack of 
 tone in the muscular coat of the bowel. D., 
 Lienteric, that due to defective nutrition 
 or superalimentation, and indicated by lien- 
 teric stools. D., Motor. See D., Atonic. 
 D., Muscular, that due to atony of the 
 muscular coat of the stomach or intestine. 
 D., Nervosecretory, neurotic dyspepsia with 
 
 Serverted or excessive gastric secretion. D., 
 ervous, that characterized by gastric pains, 
 coming on often when the stomach is empty 
 and relieved by eating, and by various reflex 
 nervous phenomena, especially by palpitation. 
 D., Neuralgic, that marked by intermittent 
 gastrodynia. D., Pyretic, Gendrin's name 
 for the forms of inflammatory dyspepsia for- 
 merly known as bilious or gastric fever. D., 
 Salivary, that due to excess, deficiency, or de- 
 fective quality of the saliva or to insufficient 
 mastication. 
 
 Dyspeptic (dis-pep'-tik) [see Dyspepsia], i. 
 Relating to or affected with dyspepsia. 2. A 
 person suffering from dyspepsia. 
 
 Dyspeptone {dis-pep'-ton) [see Dyspepsia]. An 
 insoluble and unassimilable peptone. 
 
 Dysperistalsis {dis-per-e-stal 1 -sis) [dys-; xep'c, 
 around; ozaXocg, compression]. Painful or 
 perverted peristalsis. 
 
 Dysphagia (dis-fa'-je-ah) [dys-; (payelv, to 
 eat]. Difficulty in swallowing, or inability 
 to swallow. D. amyotactica, a disturbance 
 of the act of deglutition, not due to organic 
 changes in the pharynx or esophagus nor to 
 spasm or paralysis of the muscles concerned 
 in swallowing; it consists in a disturbance 
 of the rhythm of the function of the higher 
 nerve-centers. D. callosa, that resulting 
 from the destruction of the muscular layers 
 of the esophagus and the formation of cica- 
 tricial tissue causing constriction. D. con- 
 stricta, that due to stenosis of the pharynx 
 or esophagus. D. globosa, globus hystericus. 
 D. lusoria, a doubtful form ascribed to 
 compression of the esophagus by the right 
 subclavian artery when by a freak of nature 
 this artery springs from the aorta behind 
 the left subclavian artery and turns to the 
 right either before or behind the esophagus. 
 D. spastica, that due to hysteric spasm of 
 the esophagus or pharynx. 
 
 Dysphasia (dis-fa'-ze-ah) [dys-; 4>aocc, speech]. 
 Difficulty of speech depending on a central 
 lesion. 
 
 Dysphemia {dis-fe' '-me-ah) [dys-; <t>WT], a 
 speech]. Stammering. 
 
 Dysphonia {dis-jo' -ne-ah) [dys-; fjxovty voice]. 
 An impairment of the voice. 
 
 Dysphrasia (dis-fra'-ze-ah) [dys-; §paoi£, 
 speech]. Imperfect speech due to impairment 
 of mental power. 
 
 Dysplasmatic, Dysplastic {dis-plaz-mat'-ik, 
 dis-plast' -ik) . See Cacoplastic. 
 
 Dyspnea (disp-ne'-ah) [dys-; -velv, to breathe]. 
 Difficult or labored breathing. D., Cardiac, 
 that due to heart disease. D., Renal, that 
 
DYSPNEIC 
 
 366 
 
 EARTH 
 
 Traube's. See 
 
 due to renal disease. 
 
 Traube's Dyspnea. 
 Dyspneic (disp-ne' -ik) [dyspnea]. Affected with 
 
 or caused by dyspnea. 
 Dysspermasia, Dysspermatism (diss per m- 
 
 a'-ze-ah, dis-sperm' -at-izm). See Brady sper- 
 
 matism. 
 Dysspermia (diss per' '-me-ah) [dys-; oizkpua, 
 
 seed]. An abnormal condition of the semen. 
 Dysstechiasis, Dysstoechiasis, Dysstichiasis 
 
 (disstek-i-a'sis, disstik-i-a'sis). See Dis- 
 
 tichiasis. 
 Dystasia (dis-ta' -ze-ah) [dys-; oxaotg, standing]. 
 
 Difficulty in standing. 
 Dystaxia (dis-taks' -e-ah) [dys-; xa^cc, regula- 
 tion; order]. Ataxia or partial ataxia. D. 
 
 agitans, tremor due to irritation of the 
 
 spinal cord. Syn., Pseudoparalysis agitans. 
 Dysthermasia (dis -ther -ma' -ze-ah) [dys-; dip fit], 
 
 heat]. Insufficient production of bodily heat. 
 Dysthyreosis (dis-thi-re-o' 'sis) [dys-; thyroid]. 
 
 Impaired functional activity of the thyroid 
 
 gland. 
 
 
 Dysthyroid, Dysthyroidism (dis-thi'-roid, 
 -izm). Incomplete development and function 
 of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Dystocia (dis-to' se-ah) [dys-; xokoc, birth]. 
 Difficult labor. D., Fetal, difficult labor 
 due to abnormities of position or size and 
 shape of the fetus. D., Maternal, that 
 dystocia the cause of which resides in the 
 mother. 
 
 Dystrophic (dis-tro' -fik) [see Dystrophy]. Per- 
 taining to dystrophy. 
 
 Dystrophy (dis' -tro-fe) [dys-; xpo<f)7), nourish- 
 ment]. Faulty nutrition. 
 
 Dystrypsia (dis-trip' se-ah) [dys-; trypsin]. 
 Dyspepsia from lack of trypsin. D., Intes- 
 tinal, a term proposed as a substitute for 
 intestinal dyspepsia, since trypsin is the most 
 important enzym in intestinal digestion. 
 
 Dysuresia, Dysuresis (dis -u-re' -ze-ah, sis) 
 [dys-; ouprjocc, micturition]. Any disease of the 
 urinary apparatus. 
 
 Dysuria (dis-u' -re-ah) [dys-; oupov, urine]. 
 Difficult or painful urination. 
 
 E. Abbreviation of eye and of emmetropia. 
 
 Ear (er) [ME., ere]. The organ of hearing, 
 consisting of the external ear, the middle 
 ear or tympanum, and the internal ear or 
 labyrinth. Th® outer ear is made up of an 
 expanded portion, .the pinna, and the exter- 
 nal auditory canal. The middle ear consists 
 of the tympanum, with the ear-ossicles, the 
 eustachian tube, and the mastoid cells. The 
 tympanum is lined by mucous membrane, 
 and communicates with the pharynx by 
 means of the eustachian tube. It is divided 
 into three parts — the atrium, the attic, and the 
 antrum. Its outer end is closed by the 
 tympanic membrane, from which sound is 
 conducted along the ear-ossicles (the malleus, 
 incus, and stapes) to the fenestra ovalis, which 
 communicates with the vestibule of the in- 
 ternal ear. By means of the fenestra rotunda, 
 which is closed by the entotympanic mem- 
 brane, it communicates with the cochlea of 
 the internal ear. The mastoid cells, which 
 are also part of the tympanum, are air-spaces 
 in the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 
 The internal ear consists of the bony and 
 membranous labyrinths, which are separated 
 from each other by a space containing the 
 perilymph. Each labyrinth consists of three 
 parts: the vestibule, the semicircular canals, 
 and the cochlea. The bony vestibule com- 
 municates with the tympanum by the fenestra 
 ovalis, closed by the base of the stapes, and 
 also with the other parts of the internal ear. 
 The semicircular canals are three in number — 
 
 the superior, the posterior, and the inferior. 
 The cochlea, so named from its resemblance 
 to a snail-shell, is a cylindric tube that 
 winds around a central axis, the modiolus, 
 which transmits the cochlear nerves and 
 blood-vessels. The cochlear canal is divided 
 by the spiral lamina into the scala vestibuli, 
 communicating with the vestibule, and the 
 scala tympani, communicating with the fe- 
 nestra rotunda of the tympanum. The mem- 
 branous labyrinth is made up of parts cor- 
 responding to the bony labyrinth. The 
 vestibule consists of two small sacs, the 
 utricle and the saccule, which communicate 
 through the vestibular aqueduct, and are lined 
 by an epithelium, the maculce acusticce, 
 which in places is largely specialized and re- 
 ceives the terminations of the vestibular nerve. 
 The membranous cochlea, or cochlear duct, 
 contains the acoustic organ of the cochlea, 
 or organ of Corti, which consists of a series 
 of epithelial arches formed by the interlocking 
 of the ends of the pillars or rods of Corti. 
 Upon the inner rods of Corti are the inner 
 acoustic hair-cells; in relation with the outer 
 rods are the outer hair-cells. The organ of 
 Corti is covered by the membrana tectoria, 
 or Corti's membrane. E., Blainville's. See 
 Blainville's Ear. E., Morel's. See Morel's 
 Ear. E.-wax. See Cerumen. 
 Earth (erth) [ME., erthe]. A name given to 
 various metallic oxids or silicates not soluble 
 in water and not affected by great heat. E.s, 
 Alkaline, the oxids and hydrates of calcium, 
 
EAR 
 
 367 
 
 EAR 
 
 The Ear— (Holden.) 
 Pinna, or auricle. 2. Concha. 3. External auditory canal. 4. Membrana tympani. 5. Incus. 6. Malleus. 7. 
 Manubrium mallei. 8. Tensor tympani. 9. Tympanic cavity. 10. Eustachian tube. n. Superior semicircular 
 canal. 12. Posterior semicircular canal. 13. External semicircular canal. 14. Cochlea. 15. Internal auditory 
 canal. 16. Facial nerve. 17. Large petrosal nerve. 18. Vestibular branch of auditory nerve. 19. Cochlear 
 branch. 
 
 Auditory Ossicles. 
 Head of malleus. 2. Pro- 
 cessus brevis. 3. Pro- 
 cessus gracilis. 4. Man- 
 ubrium. 5. Long pro- 
 cess of incus. 6. Articu- 
 lation between incus and 
 stapes. 7. Stapes. 
 
 Osseous Labyrinth 
 of the Ear (La- 
 mina Spiralis Os- 
 sea). 
 
 3. Semicircular 
 
 1, 2, 
 
 canals. 4. Vesti- 
 bule. 5. Ampulla. 
 6. Fovea semiel- 
 liptica. 7. Fovea 
 hemisphaerica. 8. 
 Cochlea. 9. Ori- 
 gin of lamina 
 spiralis ossea. 10. 
 Foramen rotun- 
 dum. 
 
 Osseous and Membranous Labyrinth of the Ear. — (Holden.) 
 Vestibular branch of auditory nerve. 2. Branch for sacculus. 3. Branch for utriculus. 
 of membranous posterior semicircular canal. 5. Branch for ampulla of external canal. 6. 
 superior canal. 7. Cochlear branch of auditory nerve. 8. Cochlea. 
 
 4. Branch for ampulla 
 Branch for ampulla of 
 
EAR 
 
 368 
 
 EAR 
 
 Cochlea. — (Holden.) 
 Scala tympani. 2. Scala vestibuli. 3. Anterior or triangular canal. 4. Posterior or quadrilateral canal. 5, 5- 
 Spiral ligament. 6. External spiral sulcus. 7. Membrana tectoria, or membrane of Corti. 8. Membrana basilaris. 
 9. Spiral vessel. 10. Limbus laminae spiralis, n. Pillars of organ of Corti. 12. Branch of cochlear nerve. 13. 
 Ganglion spirale. 14. Branch of cochlear nerve between the lamellas of the lamina spiralis ossea. 15. One of the 
 orifices by which this branch penetrates the canal of Corti. 16. Part of bony cochlea. 17, 17. Lini n g periosteum. 
 18. Membrane of Reissner. 
 
 Membranous Labyrinth of the Ear. — (Holden.) 
 Distribution of the vestibular branch of the auditory 
 nerve to the membranous labyrinth, membranous 
 vestibule, and semicircular canals. (X 3.) 
 1. Vestibular branch. 2. Saccular branch. 3. Utric- 
 ular branch. 4. Branch to ampulla of external 
 membranous semicircular canal. 5. Branch to 
 ampulla of superior membranous semicircular 
 canal. 
 
 Cochlea (Lamina Spiralis Ossea). 
 1, 1. Surrounding bony structure. 2. Semiinfun- 
 dibuliform lamella. 3. Its concave surface. 4. 
 Concave border in which it terminates. 5. An- 
 terior extremity of this border. 6. Cupola, su- 
 perior two-thirds removed. 7. Inferior portion 
 of base of semiinfundibuliform lamella. 8, 8. 
 Lamina spiralis ossea. 9. Its origin. 10. Its 
 beak or terminal portion. 11, 11. Scala tympani. 
 12. Scala vestibuli. 13. Internal auditory canal. 
 14. Fossa at the base of the modiolus. 
 
EARTHY PHOSPHATE 
 
 369 
 
 ECHOMATISM 
 
 magnesium, strontium, barium, and other 
 metals of the same group. E., Fuller's, 
 a clay used as an absorbent application to 
 irritated surfaces. 
 
 Earthy Phosphate. See Phosphate, Earthy. 
 
 Eastes* Test for Sugar. Place 60 Cc. of 
 filtered urine in a beaker of 100 Cc. capacity, 
 add 1 Gm. of sodium acetate and a little less 
 of phenylhydrazin hydrochlorate; stir with 
 a glass rod, which is to remain in the beaker. 
 Evaporate on a water-bath to 10 or 15 Cc, 
 scraping the sediment from the sides of the 
 beaker, if it collects there; cool, and examine 
 under the microscope. If there is 1 part to 
 1000 of sugar in the urine, osazone crystals 
 will be found. 
 
 Easton's Syrup. A syrup of quinin, iron, and 
 strychnin phosphates. 
 
 Eberth's Bacillus. Bacillus typhi abdominalis. 
 See under Bacteria. E.'s Lines, dark broken 
 lines seen to separate the cardiac muscular cells 
 on staining with silver nitrate. Syn., Linece 
 scalari formes. 
 
 Ebner's Germ Reticulum. A fine, nucleated 
 reticulum existing between the inner cells of 
 the seminiferous tubules. E.'s Glands, the 
 acinous glands situated in the region of the 
 circum vallate papillas of the tongue. 
 
 Ebonation (e-bo-na 1 '-shun) [e, away from; bone]. 
 The removal of splinters of bone after injury. 
 
 Ebriecation (e-bri-e-ka 1 '-shun) [ebrietas, drunken- 
 ness]. Mental disorder due to the use of 
 alcoholic stimulants. 
 
 Ebstein's Lesion. Hyaline degeneration and 
 insular necrosis of the epithelial cells of the 
 renal tubules in diabetes. 
 
 Ebullition (eb-u-lish'-un) [ebullire, to boil]. 
 Boiling. 
 
 Eburnation (e-bur-na' '-shun) [ebur, ivory]. 
 An increase in the density of bone following 
 inflammation. 
 
 Ecballium (ek-bal'-e-um). See Elaterium. 
 
 Ecbolic (ek-bol'-ik) [inpoXij, a throwing out]. 
 1. Producing or accelerating labor. 2. Any 
 agent producing this effect. 
 
 Eccentric (ek-sen' '-trik) [Sk, out; Ktvxpov, 
 center]. Situated away from the center. 
 E. Hypertrophy, hypertrophy of a hollow 
 organ, as the heart, with dilation. 
 
 Eccentropiesis (ek-sen-tro-pi-e' '-sis) [eccentric; 
 TzUotg, a pressing]. Pressure from within out- 
 ward; a method proposed for the treatment 
 of anal fistula. 
 
 TLcchon&romsL (ek-on-dro'-mah) [etc, out; yovdpog, 
 cartilage; opa, tumor]. A chondroma. 
 
 Ecchondrosis (ek-on-dro'-sis) [ecchondroma; 
 pi., ecchondroses]. A cartilaginous outgrowth. 
 
 Ecchymoma (ek-e-mo' -mah) [in, out; yup.bg, 
 juice; opa, tumor]. A tumor-like swelling 
 composed of extravasated blood. 
 
 Ecchymosis (ek-e-mo' -sis) [i/c, out; yupbg, juice]. 
 An extravasation of blood into the subcutane- 
 ous tissues. It is marked by a purple discolor- 
 ation of the skin, the color gradually chang- 
 ing to brown, green, and yellow. 
 
 Ecchymotic (ek-e-mol'-ik) [ecchymosis]. Re- 
 lating to or resembling an ecchymosis. 
 25 
 
 Ecclasis (ek-la'-sis) [innXav, to break in pieces]. 
 A breaking away, as of a small piece of bone 
 from a larger piece. 
 
 Ecclisis (ek-li'-sis) [ennXcvecv, to turn aside]. 
 1. Dislocation. 2. The displacement of frac- 
 tured bones. 
 
 Ecclysis (ek-li'-sis) [IkkXu^csv, to wash out]. 
 A washing out by injections. 
 
 Eccope (ek'-op-e) [i/aconr), an incision]. Ex- 
 cision of a part, or the vertical division of the 
 cranium by a saw or other means. 
 
 Eccorthatic (ek-or-tha' -tik) [i/c, out; nopdug, a 
 heap]. Producing copious fecal discharge. 
 
 Eccrisis (ek'-ris-is) [inKp'cveiv, to expel]. The 
 expulsion of waste or morbid products; 
 excretion. 
 
 Eccritic (ek-rit'-ik) [kuKptTtKoc, secretive]. 1. 
 "A medicine promoting excretion. 2. Pro- 
 moting excretion. 
 
 Ecgonin (ek'-go-nin). An alkaloid produced 
 in the decomposition of cocain by HC1. 
 
 Echidnase (ek-id'-naz) \l%cdva, viper]. A phlogo- 
 genic principle found in snake-venom. 
 
 Echidno toxin (ek-id-no-toks'-in). A principle of 
 snake-venom having a general action and a 
 powerful effect on the nervous system. 
 
 Echinococcotomy (ek-in-o-kok-of -o-me) [echin- 
 ococcus; rkpvecv, to cut]. The Posadas- 
 Bobrow operation, consisting in the evacua- 
 tion of echinococcus-cysts and closure of the 
 cavity by suture. 
 
 Echinococcus (ek-in-o-kok' -us) [iylvoc , a hedge- 
 hog; KOKKog, a berry]. 1. The scolex or 
 larval stage of the Tcenia echinococcus. 2. 
 Hydatid. E.-cyst. See Cyst, Echinococcus. 
 
 Echinodermatous, Echinodermous (ek-in-o- 
 der' -mat-us, -mus). Having a spiny surface. 
 
 Echinops (ek'-in-ops) [kylvog, a hedgehog; a><p, 
 appearance]. A genus of composite plants. 
 E. splicer ocephalus, a European species, is 
 laxative and diuretic, and contains an alka- 
 loid, echinopsin, similar in action to brucin 
 and strychnin. 
 
 Echitamin (ck-it' -am-in) . See Ditain. 
 
 Echo (ek'-o) [fixdi, a sound]. A reverberated 
 sound. E., Amphoric, a vocal resonance 
 in which the transmitted voice sounds as 
 if it were speaking into a narrow-necked 
 bottle. 
 
 Echoacousia (ek-o-ah-koo' -se-ah) [echo; anooo'ta, 
 hearing]. The subjective sensation of hearing 
 echoes after sounds heard normally. 
 
 Echographia (ek-o-gra'-fe-ah) [echo; ypa&iv, 
 to write]. A form of aphasia in which printed 
 or written questions submitted to the pa- 
 tient are copied without ability to com- 
 prehend the inquiry; also, in writing, the 
 last word or letter is repeated. 
 
 Echolalia (ek-o-la' -le-ah) [echo; XaXca, babble]. 
 A meaningless repetition, by a person, of 
 words spoken to him by others. 
 
 Echolalus (ek-o-la' -lus) [see Echolalia]. A hyp- 
 notized person who repeats words heard 
 without comprehension of their meaning. 
 
 Echomatism (ek-om'-at-izm) [echo; paxc^scv, 
 to strive to do]. The opposite of automa- 
 tism. The mimicking condition produced 
 
 — 
 
ECHOSCOPIA 
 
 370 
 
 ECTOCARDIA 
 
 in hypnotics when the hand is pressed on the 
 vertex of the head. 
 
 Echoscopia {ek-o-sko' -pe-ah) [echo; okotzs'cv, to 
 view]. Auscultation. 
 
 Ecker's Gyrus. The gyrus descendens, the 
 most posterior of the occipital convolutions. 
 E.'s Sulcus, the anterior or transverse oc- 
 cipital sulcus, usually joined to the horizontal 
 part of the interparietal sulcus. 
 
 Eclabium {ek-la' -be-um) [in, out; labium, a lip]. 
 An e version of the lip. 
 
 Eclampsia {ek-lamp' 'se-ah) [knXaixnecv, to shine 
 or burst forth]. An acute nervous affection, 
 characterized by convulsions, with loss of 
 consciousness. E., Cerebral, a form in 
 which the irritation is presumed to originate 
 in the brain, as distinguished from uterine 
 eclampsia. E., Infantile, a reflex convulsion 
 of childhood. E. nutans, an affection charac- 
 terized by paroxysms, in which the head and 
 upper part of the body are bowed forward 
 several times in succession; the attacks are 
 accompanied by disordered consciousness. 
 Syn., Nodding spasm; Salaam convulsion. 
 E., Puerperal, a convulsion occurring toward 
 the close of pregnancy or after labor, believed 
 to be caused by the irritation of the vasomotor 
 centers by retained excrementitious substances. 
 E. tardissima, that occurring . several days 
 or as long as eight weeks after parturition. 
 
 Eclampsism {ek-lamp' -sizm) [eclampsia]. Bar's 
 name for eclampsia without convulsions. 
 
 Eclamptic {ek-lamp' -tik) [eclampsia']. Relat- 
 ing to, or of the nature of, eclampsia. 
 
 Eclamptism {ek-lamp' -tizm) . The morbid con- 
 dition produced by the retention of various toxic 
 principles and autointoxication, all dependent 
 upon the state of pregnancy; it is prone to result 
 in convulsions, but may show only prodromes, 
 such as headache, impairment of vision, etc. 
 
 Eclectic {ek-lek'-tik) [kKhsKTCnog, selected]. 
 A name chosen by a school of physicians to 
 denote their principle of selecting that which 
 is good from all other schools. 
 
 Ecmetropia {ek-me-tro'-pe-ah). See Ametropia. 
 
 'Ecmnesia.{ek-ne'-ze-ah) [e/c, out; fivrjoif, remem- 
 brance]. A gap in memory; amnesia in which 
 there is normal memory to a certain date 
 and loss of memory for a period after it. 
 
 Ecophony {ek-of -on-e) [echo; <ficovr), sound]. 
 An echo immediately following vocal sounds, 
 heard on auscultation in acute congestion of 
 the lungs. 
 
 Ecostate {e-kos'-tdt) [e, priv.; costa, a rib]. 
 Without ribs. 
 
 Ecphyma {ek-fi'-mah) [Ik, out; <£>modac, to grow]. 
 
 An excrescence on the skin. E. globulus, 
 
 a contagious disease of Ireland marked by the 
 
 formation, on the skin, of tubercles which 
 
 ^soften and form raspberry -like tumors. 
 
 Ecrasement {a-krahz-mon {g) ) [F., "a, crush- 
 ing"]. The removal of a part by means of an 
 „ ecraseur. 
 
 Ecraseur {a-krah-zer) [see Ecrasement], An 
 instrument consisting of a chain or wire loop 
 which is placed about a projecting part, and, 
 by being tightened, gradually cuts through 
 
 the tissues. E., Galvanic, one constructed 
 so that the wire loop can be heated to red- 
 ness while in use, by the passage through it 
 of an electric current. 
 
 Ecsomatic {ek-so-mat'-ik) [it<, out; odjfia, 
 body]. Relating to ecsomatics or to material 
 removed from the body, as pus, urine, etc. 
 
 Ecsomatics {ek-so-maf -iks) . That department 
 of medicine included in clinical laboratory 
 methods; so called because all the material 
 dealt with is removed from the body and 
 examined elsewhere. 
 
 Ecsomatist {ek-so' -mat-ist) . An individual 
 who is versed in clinical laboratory methods. 
 
 Ecstasis {ek-sta' -sis) . See Ecstasy. 
 
 Ecstasy {eks'-ta-se) [eKoxaacg, a trance]. A 
 derangement of the nervous system charac- 
 terized by an exalted visionary state, absence 
 of volition, insensibility to surroundings, a 
 radiant expression, and immobility in statu- 
 esque positions. 
 
 Ecstrophy {ek'-stro-fe). See Exstrophy. 
 
 Ectacolia, Ectacoly {ek-ta-ko'-le-ah, ek'-ta- 
 ko-le) [eKxaKog, capable of stretching; noXov, 
 the colon]. Congenital dilation of a more or 
 less extensive section of the colon. 
 
 Ectad {ek'-tad) [enroc, external; ad, to]. On 
 or toward the ectal part. 
 
 Ectal (ek'-tal) [see Ectad]. At some surface 
 or aspect farther from a supposed center 
 than that with which a given object is com- 
 pared; external; superficial. 
 
 Ectasia, Ectasis {ek-ta' -ze-ah, ek'-ta-sis) [enza- 
 o(C, extension]. Distention; dilation. 
 
 Ectasin {ek'-ta-sin) [see Ectasia]. A substance 
 isolated from tuberculin, which causes dila- 
 tion of the vessels. 
 
 Ectatic {ek-tat'-ik) [see Ectasia]. Distended or 
 dilated. 
 
 Ecthol {ek'-thol). A proprietary remedy said 
 to contain the active principles of Echinacea 
 angustifolia and Thuja occidentalis ; it is anti- 
 purulent and antimorbific. Dose i dr. (4 
 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 
 Ecthyma {ek-thi'-mah) [ercdufia, a pustule]. 
 An inflammatory skin disease attended with 
 an eruption of large, flat, superficial pustules. 
 They vary in size from a ten-cent to a twenty- 
 five-cent piece, and are surrounded by a 
 distinct inflammatory areola. The eruption 
 appears, as a rule, on the legs and thighs 
 where the hairs are thick; it occurs in crops, 
 and may persist for an indefinite period. E. 
 gangrenosum, E., Gangrenous, a form 
 marked by the appearance of brown discolora- 
 tions of the skin, usually surrounded by a halo; 
 the center of these efflorescences rapidly 
 becomes necrotic. It is due to Bacillus 
 pyocyaneus. E., Syphilitic. See Rupia. 
 
 Ecto- {ek-to-) [iKzoc, without]. A prefix signi- 
 fying without, upon the outer side. < 
 
 Ectoblast {ek' -to -blast) [ecto-; plaoxoc, a bud]. 
 The outside membrane'of a cell. 
 
 Ectocardia {ek-to-kar' -de-ah) [ecto-; mpdca, 
 the heart]. An abnormal position of the 
 heart. E. abdominalis, a malformation in 
 which the heart is wholly within the abdo- 
 
ECTOCENTRAL 
 
 371 
 
 ECZEMA 
 
 men or within a sac in the precordia. E. 
 cephalica, E. cervicalis, a form in which 
 the heart is at the base of the neck. E. 
 extrathoracica, that in which the heart is 
 external to the thoracic cavity. E. intra- 
 thoracica, that in which the heart is inside 
 the thorax. E. pectoralis, that in which the 
 heart lies in front of the chest. 
 
 Ectocentral (ek-to-sen'-tral) [ecto-; central]. 
 Near to the center and to the external surface. 
 
 Ectochoroidea (ek-to-rko-roid' '-e-ah) . The outer 
 layer of the choroid. 
 
 Ectocnemial (ek-to-ne' -me-al) [ecto-; kvtjjju), 
 the leg]. Located on the external aspect of 
 the fibula. 
 
 Ectocolostomy (ek-to-ko-los'-to-me) [ecto-; 
 colostomy]. A surgical operation upon the 
 colon to establish an external opening. 
 
 Ectoderm (ek' '-to -derm) [ecto-; depfia, skin]. 
 The outer of the two primitive layers of the 
 embryo. 
 
 Ectodermal, Ectodermic (ek-to-der' -mal, 
 -mik) [see Ectoderm]. Relating to the ecto- 
 derm; applied to structures derived from 
 the upper epithelial layers of the derma, as 
 hair, chitin, enamel, etc. 
 
 Ectogenous (ek-toj' -en-us) [ecto-; yevvav, to 
 produce]. Capable of growth outside of the 
 body; applied especially to bacteria and other 
 parasites. 
 
 Ectoglobular (ek-to-glob'-u-lar). Formed out- 
 side the blood-globules. 
 
 Ectokelostomy (ek-lo-kel-os' '-to -me) [ecto-; 
 ktjXtj, hernia; orbfia, a mouth]. Vitrac's 
 operation, by which the sac of an infected 
 inguinal hernia is kept open with drainage, 
 the whole being displaced through a coun- 
 teropening in the abdominal wall, the hernia 
 being then cured radically. 
 
 -ectomy [Ik, out; vifivetv, to cut]. A suffix 
 meaning a cutting out. 
 
 Ectopagus (ek-top'-ag-us) [ecto-; naye.cc, 
 united]. A twin monstrosity united laterally 
 the full extent of the thorax. 
 
 Ectopectoral (ek-to-pek'-tor-al). The outer of 
 the two pectoral muscles; the pectoralis 
 major. 
 
 Ectoperitonitis (ek-lo-per-it-on-i'-tis) [ecto-; 
 peritonitis]. Inflammation of the attached 
 side of the peritoneum. 
 
 Ectopia (ek-to' -pe-ah) [Iktotzoc, displaced]. 
 Malposition. 
 
 Ectopic (ek-top'-ik) [ectopia]. In an abnormal 
 position. E. Gestation, extrauterine gesta- 
 tion. 
 
 Ectoplasm (ek f -to-plazm) [ecto-; TiXdoattv, 
 to form]. The outer, hyaline, more compact 
 layer of protoplasm of a cell or unicellular 
 organism. 
 
 Ectoplastic (ek-to-plas'-tik). Relating to ecto- 
 plasm; applied to cells in which the ectoplasm 
 is undergoing changes. 
 
 Ectopocystis (ek-to-po-sist'-is) [ectopia; kuo- 
 tcc, the bladder]. Displacement of the blad- 
 der. 
 
 Ectopotomy (ek-to -p of -o -me) [ectopia; r e fi- 
 ve cv, to cut]. Laparotomy for the removal 
 
 of the contents of an extrauterine gestation- 
 sac. 
 
 Ectorbital (ekt-orb 1 '-it-al) . Relating to the 
 temporal part of the orbits. 
 
 Ectosac (ek'-to-sak) [ecto-; ookkoc, a sac]. 
 The limiting membrane of an ovum. 
 
 Ectosteomyces (ekt-os-te-o-mi 1 '-sez) [ecto-; 60- 
 zeov, a bone; fi'JKTjc, a fungus]. A fungous 
 newgrowth from a bone. 
 
 Ectothalamus (ek-to -thai' -am-us) [ecto-; thala- 
 mus]. The external medullary layer of the 
 thalamus. 
 
 Ectothrix (ek'-to-thriks) [ecto-; dpi£, hair]. An 
 organism parasitic upon the hair. Cf. Tricho- 
 phyton. 
 
 Ecto trochanter (ek-to-lro-kan' '-ter) [ecto-; tro- 
 chanter]. The greater trochanter. 
 
 Ectromelus (ek-trom' -el-us) [eiapcootc, abortion; 
 fieXoc. a limb]. A single autositic monster 
 characterized by the presence' of imperfectly 
 formed limbs. 
 
 Ectropia (ek-tro 1 '-pe-ah). See Exstrophy. E., 
 Intestinal. See Adenoma, Umbilical. 
 
 Ectropic (ek-trop'-ik). Turned out or everted. 
 
 Ectropion (ek-tro' -pe-on) [en, out; xpkizetv, to 
 turn]. Eversion of a part, especially of an 
 eyelid. 
 
 Ectropion. 
 
 Ectropionization (ek-tro-pe-on-iz-a'-shun). In- 
 version of the upper eyelid and exposure of 
 the conjunctiva to facilitate therapeutic man- 
 ipulation. 
 
 Ectropionize (ek - tro '- pe-on - Iz) [ectropion]. 
 To produce, by operation, the condition of 
 ectropion. 
 
 Ectropodism (ek-trop' -od-izm) [eKxpcofia, abor- 
 tion; tzouc, foot]. Congenital absence of one 
 or more toes. 
 
 Eczema (ek f -ze-mah) [kn^e'cv, to boil over]. 
 Tetter; an acute or chronic, noncontagious, 
 inflammatory disease of the skin, character- 
 ized by multiformity of lesions, and the pres- 
 ence, in varying degrees, of itching, infiltra- 
 tion, and discharge. The skin is reddened, 
 the redness shading off insensibly into the 
 surrounding unaffected parts. E. arthriti- 
 cum, a vesicular form occurring about gouty 
 joints. E. erythematosum, the mildest 
 form of eczema, in which the skin is red- 
 dened and slightly swollen. E. fissum, a 
 form affecting the hands and skin over the 
 articulations, and characterized by the forma- 
 
ECZEMATOUS 
 
 372 
 
 EFFERENT 
 
 tion of deep, painful cracks or fissures. E. 
 hypertrophicum, a form characterized by 
 permanent hypertrophy of the papillas of 
 the skin, giving rise to general or limited 
 warty outgrowths. E. madidans, a form 
 characterized by large, raw, weeping surfaces 
 studded with red. points. It follows E. vesi- 
 culosum. Syn., Eczema rubrum. E. margin- 
 atum, the most severe form of ringworm of 
 the body. Its seats are the groins, axillas, 
 crotch, and occasionally the popliteal spaces. 
 Its lesion is marked by a well-defined, fes- 
 tooned, raised margin. E. papillosum, a 
 variety associated with the formation of 
 minute papules of a deep-red color and firm 
 consistence, and accompanied by intense 
 itching. E. pustulosum, the stage of eczema 
 ^characterized by the formation of pustules. 
 E. rubrum. See E. madidans. E. sebor- 
 rhoicum. Synonym of Seborrhea. E. 
 solare, that form due to irritation from the 
 rays of the sun. E. squamosum, a variety 
 characterized by the formation of adherent 
 scales of shed epithelium. E. sudamen, 
 E. sudorale, that due to excess of perspira- 
 tion. E. sycomatosum, E. sycosiforme, 
 a pustular form occurring on the hairy parts 
 and affecting the hair-follicles. E. tyloticum, 
 a form occurring on the palmar aspect of 
 the hands and fingers and attended with 
 callosity. E. vesiculosum, an eczema char- 
 acterized by the presence of vesicles. 
 
 Eczematous iek-zem' -at-us) [eczema]. Of the 
 nature of or affected with eczema. 
 
 Eddyism (ed'-e-izm). A form of faith-cure 
 propagated, under the name of Christian 
 Science, by an American woman, Mary 
 Patterson Baker Glover Eddy, known to her 
 followers as "Mother Eddy." 
 
 Edea, JEdada. {e-de'-ah) [acdola, the genitals]. 
 The genital organs. 
 
 Edebohls' Posture. See Simon's Posture. 
 
 Edeitis, iEdoeitis {e-de-i' -tis) [edea; crcc, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the genitals. 
 
 Edema, (Edema {e-de'-mah) [o'ldyfia; olde'cv, to 
 swell]. An infiltration of serum in a part. E., 
 Acute. See (E. calidum. E., Angioneu- 
 rotic. See Angioneurotic Edema. E., Blue, 
 edema with cyanosis, seen in hysteric paralysis 
 accompanied with pain. CE. calidum, that 
 due to a serous exudation; it is sudden in 
 its onset and resembles acute inflammation. 
 (E. capitis, a serous effusion into the subcu- 
 taneous areolar tissue of the scalp. (E. 
 cardica (of the kidney), the change in the 
 kidneys due to passive congestion in conse- 
 quence of heart disease. E., Cerebral. 
 See Hydrocephalus. E., Collateral, the 
 serous infiltration of the tissue encircling an 
 inflamed part. E., Compact (of infants), 
 a variety of scleroderma neonatorum in which 
 the skin is edematous. Syn., Scleroderma 
 cedematosa. E., Cretinoid. See Myxedema. 
 (E. ex vacuo, edema of a part to counteract 
 the tendency to a vacuum caused by atrophy 
 of some neighboring part. E., Febrile 
 Purpuric, localized edema accompanying an 
 
 eruption of purpura urticans about the joints, 
 and rheumatic fever. <E. frigidum, a 
 chronic swelling, cold to the touch and 
 painless. CE. fugax, edema due to atmos- 
 pheric changes occurring in the face, eyelids, 
 and neck of chlorotic patients. E., Glot- 
 tidial. See Laryngeal Edema. E., Infec- 
 tious. See E., Malignant. E., Inflamma- 
 tory, a serous infiltration into inflamed tis- 
 sue. E., Iwanoff's (of the retina), cystoid 
 degeneration of the retina. E., Laryn- 
 geal. See Laryngeal Edema. E., Malignant, 
 an edematous inflammation that occurs at 
 times after serious injuries, and is charac- 
 terized by its rapid spread, the speedy de- 
 struction of the tissue involved, and the 
 formation of gas. It is due to the bacillus 
 of malignant edema. E., Neuroparalytic, 
 E., Neuropathic, that due to paralysis of 
 the vasomotor nerves or to neuroparalytic 
 congestion. CE. oculi. See Hydr ophthalmia. 
 CE. cedematodes. See CE. frigidum. E., 
 Paroxysmal Pulmonary, a rare form of 
 edema of the lungs marked by rapid onset, 
 imminent asphyxia, and copious albuminous 
 expectoration. The attack, lasting from a 
 few minutes to some days, may terminate 
 fatally or the symptoms may disappear. 
 CE. puerperarum, phlegmasia alba dolens. 
 E., Purulent, a purulent infiltration in which 
 there is a great deal of fluid. E., Retinal, 
 the development of irregular spaces filled 
 with transparent fluid at the periphery of the 
 retina occurring after middle age. CE. sclero- 
 ticum, edema attended with induration. 
 
 Edemamycosis, CEdemamycosis (e-de-mah- 
 mi-ko' '-sis) [edema; [lOK-qc, fungus]. The name 
 applied by Edington to an ectogenous in- 
 fective disease, commonly referred to as 
 African horse-sickness; it is characterized by 
 intense congestion of the blood-vessels with 
 consequent edema of the lungs and at times 
 of the subcutaneous tissues of the head and 
 neck. 
 
 Edema tization {e-dem-at-iz-a' -shun) [edema]. 
 Edema of the tissues produced by the injec- 
 tion of a 2 % salt solution at a temperature 
 lower than that of the body. 
 
 Edematous (e-dem' -at-us) [edema]. Charac- 
 terized by edema. 
 
 Edestin (ed-esf -in) . The chief and character- 
 istic proteid of the seeds of sunflower, hemp, 
 squash, and castor-oil bean. 
 
 Edinger's Law. See under Neuron. E.'s Nu- 
 cleus, the .nucleus of the posterior longitu- 
 dinal bundle, an aggregation of ganglion-cells 
 in the gray matter of the third ventricle at the 
 beginning of the sylvian aqueduct. 
 
 Edinger-WestphaPs Nucleus. One of the 
 nuclei of the third cranial nerve in the region 
 of the anterior corpora quadrigemina below 
 the sylvian aqueduct. It is placed antero- 
 laterally. 
 
 Efferent {ef'-er-ent) [efferens, carrying from]. 
 Carrying away, as efferent nerves, nerves 
 conveying impulses away from the central 
 nervous system; of blood-vessels, conveying 
 
EFFERVESCING 
 
 373 
 
 EJACULATORY 
 
 blood away from the tissues; of lymphatics, 
 conveying lymph from the lymphatic glands. 
 
 Effervescing {ej-er-ves'-ing) [effervescere, to 
 boil up]. Giving off gas-bubbles; foaming. 
 E. Powder. See Seidlitz Powder. 
 
 Effleurage (ej-lur-azh) [Fr.]. In massage, 
 the stroking movement. 
 
 Efflorescence (ej-lor-es'-enz) [efflorescere, to 
 bloom], i. The spontaneous conversion of 
 a crystalline substance into powder by a loss 
 of its water of crystallization. 2. The erup- 
 
 ■ tion of an exanthematous disease. 
 
 Effluvium (ef-lu'-ve-um) [effluere, to flow out]. 
 An odor, especially one that is offensive. 
 
 Effumability (ef-u-ma-bil' -i-te) . Capacity for 
 volatilization. 
 
 Effusion (ef-u'-zhun) \eff under e, to pour out]. 
 1. A pouring-out, especially the pouring-out 
 of blood or serum into the cellular tissues 
 or the serous cavities. 2. The effused fluid. 
 E., Pericardial, an effusion into the peri- 
 cardium. For signs of, see Auenbrugger, 
 Ewart, Rotch, Roth, Sansom, and Sibson. E., 
 Pleural, an effusion into the pleura. For 
 signs of, see Baccelli, Kellock, Litten, de 
 Mussey, Pitres, Sieur, Skoda, and Williatns. 
 
 Egagropilus (e-gag-rop'-il-us) [alfajpoc, a goat; 
 TzlXog, felt]. An intestinal concretion formed 
 of hair. 
 
 Egesta ie-jes' -tali) [egerere, to cast out]. 
 The discharges of the bowels or other ex- 
 cretory organs. 
 
 Egg (eg). See Ovum. E. -albumen, albumen, 
 white of egg, constituting about 60 % of the 
 egg of the domestic fowl. 
 
 Egols {e-golz'). Compounds of mercury with 
 parasulfonic acid and a phenol. They are 
 red-brown powders, soluble and emetic. 
 
 Egophony (e-gof -o-ne) [a??, a wild goat; 
 (frcovrj, the voice]. A modification of bronch- 
 ophony, in which the voice has a bleating 
 character, like that of a kid. It is heard in 
 pleurisy with slight effusion. 
 
 Egyptian Chlorosis (e-jip'-shun). See Anky- 
 lostomiasis. E. Ophthalmia. See Tra- 
 choma. 
 
 Ehrenritter's Ganglion. The jugular gan- 
 glion. 
 
 Ehret's Paralysis. A traumatic neurosis 
 following injury to the inner side of the foot 
 or ankle, consisting in spasmodic contracture 
 of the muscles which raise the inner border 
 of the foot and functional paralysis of the 
 peroneal muscles. 
 
 Ehrlich's Method. The use of a saturated 
 solution of anilin in water, as a mordant for 
 better fixing the anilin dyes used in staining 
 bacteria. E.'s Method for the Fixation 
 of Blood-films, consists in boiling the 
 specimen for one minute in a test-tube 
 containing absolute alcohol. E.'s Re- 
 action, the treatment of the urine with 
 diazobenzosulfuric acid produces a deep-red 
 color that is due to a combination of the 
 reagent with an aromatic amido-compound 
 foun'd in the urine in typhoid fever and 
 pneumonia; frequently also in pleurisy, 
 
 measles, tuberculosis, erysipelas, and peri- 
 tonitis. To produce this reaction, equal parts 
 of the reagent and urine are mixed and about 
 one-eighth of their total volume of ammonia 
 is added. The reagent consists of two solu- 
 tions: (1) Sulfanilic acid, 1 Gm.; hydro- 
 chloric acid, 10 Cc; distilled water, 200 Cc. 
 (2) Sodium nitrate, 0.5 Gm.; distilled 
 water, 100 Cc. E.'s Side-chain Theory. 
 See Lateral-chain Theory of Ehrlich. E.'s 
 Solution, a solution of a basic anilin dye 
 in anilin oil and water. E.'s Theory of 
 the Origin of Leukocytes. See Leukocytes, 
 Ehrlich's TJieory Concerning. 
 
 Eichhorst's Corpuscles. Small, spheric 
 blood-corpuscles found in pernicious anemia 
 and formerly regarded as characteristic of 
 this disease. E.'s Neuritis, a form of neuritis 
 in which the morbid process involves both 
 the nerve-sheath and the interstitial tissue of 
 the muscles. Syn., Neuritis jascians. E.'s 
 Type of Progressive Muscular Atrophy, 
 the femorotibial type. 
 
 Eichstedt's Disease. Pityriasis versicolor. 
 
 Eigon (i'-gon). A compound of iodin and 
 albumin used as a substitute for iodin. 
 a-Eigon, albumin-iodatum, a brown powder, 
 odorless and tasteless; contains 20% of iodin; 
 soluble in alkalis and acids; insoluble in 
 water. a-Eigon-sodium, sodium iodoalbum- 
 inatum, a white, odorless, nearly tasteless 
 powder containing 15 % of iodin. /?-Eigon, 
 peptone iodate, a yellow powder, odorless 
 and tasteless; contains 15% of iodin. It 
 is recommended as a substitute for iodin 
 when there is digestive weakness. Dose 
 45-150 gr. (3-10 Gm.) daily, a- and /?-eigons 
 are also used as dusting-powders. 
 
 Eijkman's Test for Phenol. Add to the 
 phenol solution a few drops of an alcoholic 
 solution of nitrous acid, ethyl ether, and an 
 equal amount of concentrated sulfuric acid. 
 A red coloration is produced. 
 
 Eikonogen (i-kon'-o-jen), NH 2 C 10 H 5 (OH) . SO s - 
 Na + 2p! 2 0. The sodium salt of amido- 
 betanaphthol-/9-monosulfonic acid; a white 
 powder, soluble in water; it is used in 
 photography. See also Developer. 
 
 Eiloid (i'-loid) [s'iXsiv, to coil; dooc, form]. 
 Having a coiled structure, as an eiloid tumor. 
 
 Eiselt's Reaction for Melanin in Urine. 
 Concentrated nitric acid, sulfuric acid, 
 potassium dichromate, or other oxidizing 
 agents render urine containing melanin dark 
 colored. 
 
 Eitelberg's Test. If a large tuning-fork is 
 held at intervals before the ear during 15 
 or 20 minutes, the duration of the perception 
 of the vibration, during these periods, in- 
 creases in case the ear is normal, but de- 
 creases when a lesion of the sound-conducting 
 apparatus exists. 
 
 Ejaculation (e-jak-u-la 1 '-shun) [ejaculatio, a 
 throwing out]. The ejection of the semen. 
 
 Ejaculatory (e-jak'-u-la-tor-e) [ejaculation]. 
 Throwing or casting out. E. Duct. See 
 Duct, Ejaculatory. 
 
EJECTA 
 
 374 
 
 ELBOW 
 
 Ejecta (e-jek'-tah) [L., pi. of ejectum]. Things 
 or materials cast out; excretions or excremen- 
 titious matters. 
 
 Ejection {e-jek' -shun) [ejectio, a casting out]. 
 The casting out of excretions or of excre- 
 mentitious matters; that which is cast out. 
 
 Ekaiodoform {ek-ah-i-o'-do-form). A com- 
 bination of iodoform and 0.5 % of para- 
 formaldehyd. It is used as a dressing for 
 wounds. 
 
 Ektogan (ek'-to-gan). The commercial name 
 for zinc peroxid; it is used externally. 
 
 Ekzemin (ek' -ze-min) . An ointment consist- 
 ing of precipitated sulfur with coloring- 
 matter and perfume. 
 
 Elacin (el'-a-sin). Basophil elastin. 
 
 Elastic, (e-las' -tiK) [iXauvecv, to urge forward]. 
 Returning to the original form after being 
 stretched or compressed. E. Bandage, a 
 rubber bandage exerting continuous compres- 
 sion of a part. E. Stocking, a rubber stock- 
 ing exerting continuous pressure. E. Tissue, 
 a variety of connective tissue composed of 
 yellow elastic fibers. 
 
 Elastica {e-las' -tik-ah) . The official name for 
 rubber. See Caoutchouc. 
 
 Elasticin (el-as' -tis-in) . See Elastin. 
 
 Elastin {e-las' -tin) [see Elastic]. An albuminoid 
 substance forming the basis of elastic tissue. 
 
 Elastometer (e-las-tom' ' -et-er) [elastic; fihpov, 
 a measure]. An apparatus for determining 
 the elasticity of tissues . 
 
 Elaterin, Elaterinum (el-at'-er-in, el-at-er-i'- 
 num) [elaterium], C^HggOs. A neutral prin- 
 ciple obtained from Ecballium elaterium. It 
 is a powerful hydragog cathartic. Dose ■£$ 
 gr. (0.0032 Gm.). E., Powder of, Com- 
 pound, contains elaterin, 1; sugar of milk, 
 39 parts. Dose J-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.). 
 E., Trituration of (trituratio elaterini, U. S. 
 P.), elaterin, 10; sugar of milk, 90 parts; 
 thoroughly mixed. Dose 5-f gr. (0.032-0.04 
 Gm.). 
 
 Elaterium (el-at-e f -re-um) [iXaryptoc, driving 
 away]. The dried sediment from the juice 
 of the squirting cucumber, Ecballium elate- 
 rium. It is a powerful hydragog cathartic. 
 Dose I gr. (0.008 Gm.). 
 
 Elaterometer (e-lat-er-om' -et-er) [iXarrjp, a 
 driver; \ikrpov, a. measure]. An apparatus 
 for determining the elasticity of gases. 
 
 Elatin (el-at'-in). See Elaterin. 
 
 Elayl (el'-al). See Ethylene. 
 
 Elbow (el' -bo) [AS., elboga]. The region 
 corresponding to the junction of the arm and 
 forearm; the bend of the arm. E.-jerk, 
 one of the reflexes. 
 
 Elder (el'-der). See Sambucus. 
 
 Elecampane (el-e-kam' -pan) . See Inula. 
 
 Elective (e-lek'-tiv) [eligere, to choose]. Op- 
 tional; in chemistry, having a preference. 
 
 Electric (e-lek' -trik) [electricity]. Having the 
 nature of or produced by electricity. E. 
 Chorea. See Dubinins Disease. E. -light 
 Treatment, the therapeutic application of 
 electric light by means of cabinets in which 
 the patient sits with the light directed upon 
 
 Section of Elbow. — {From Braune.) 
 
 Biceps. 2. Brachialis anticus. 3. Musculospiral 
 nerve. 4. Supinator longus. 5. Supinator brevis. 
 6. Extensor carpi radialis longior. 7. Extensor carpi 
 ulnaris. 8. Triceps. 
 
 Ligaments of the Elbow from the Inner Side. — 
 (From Sappey.) 
 
 1. Anterior ligament. 2. Internal condyle. 3. Head of 
 radius covered by orbicular ligament. 4. Internal 
 lateral ligament. 6. Olecranon. 
 
 Ligaments of the Elbow from the Outer Side. — 
 (From Sappey.) 
 
 1. External condyle of humerus. 2. Orbicular ligament 
 covering head of radius. 3. External lateral ligament. 
 4. Interosseous membrane. 5. Olecranon. 6. Ob- 
 lique ligament. 
 
ELECTRICITY 
 
 375 
 
 ELECTROLEPSY 
 
 the affected part. It is used in rheumatism, 
 neuralgia, etc. 
 
 Electricity ie-lek-tris' -it-e) [^XeKtpov, amber]. 
 One of the forces of nature developed or gen- 
 erated by chemism, magnetism, or friction. 
 E., Chemic. See E., Galvanic. E., Far- 
 adic, that produced by induction. E., 
 Franklinic, frictional or static electricity. 
 E., Frictional, that produced by friction. 
 E., Galvanic, that which is generated by 
 chemic action in a galvanic cell. E., In- 
 ductive, that produced in a body by prox- 
 imity to an electrified body, E., Magnetic, 
 that developed by bringing a conductor near 
 the poles of a magnet. E., Static, frictional 
 electricity. E., Voltaic, galvanic or chemic 
 electricity. 
 
 Electrification {e-lek-trif-ik-a f -shun) . See Elec- 
 trization. 
 
 Electrify {e-lek'-trif-i) [electric; facere, to 
 make]. To make electric. 
 
 Electrization {e-lek-triz-a' -shun) {electric- 
 ity]. The application of electricity to the 
 body. E., Intragastric, electrotherapy prac- 
 tised by the introduction of an electrode into 
 the stomach. Cf . Electrode, Deglutable. 
 
 Electro- (e-lek-tro-) [electricity]. A prefix denot- 
 ing connection with or relation to electricity. 
 
 Electroanesthesia (e-lek-tro-an-es-the' -ze-ah) 
 [electro-; dvacadr)a'ca, want of feeling], i. In- 
 ability to perceive the sensation made by elec- 
 tricity upon the skin. 2. Local anesthesia in- 
 duced by the introduction of anesthetizing sub- 
 stances into the tissues by means of the electric 
 current without injury to the skin. It is called 
 the cataphoretic method. 
 
 Electrobiology {e-lek-tro-bi-oV -o-je) [electro-; bi- 
 ology]. 1. The science of the electric relations 
 and laws of organic beings. 2 . A modern term 
 for mesmerism or hypnotism. 
 
 Electrobioscopy (e-lek-tro-bi-os'-ko-pe) [elec- 
 tro-; ft toe, hfe; okotzsIv, to view]. The test 
 of the existence of life by means of electricity. 
 
 Electrocapillarity {e-lek-tro-kap-il-ar'-it-e). See 
 Action, Electrocapillary . 
 
 Electro cardiagram (e-lek-tro-kar 1 ' -de-ah-gram) 
 [electro-; Kapd'ca, heart; ypapLfia, a writing]. 
 A registration of electromotive variations in 
 heart -action. 
 
 Electrocautery (e - lek - tro - kaw r - ter - e) . See 
 Galvanocautery . 
 
 Electrochemistry (e - lek - tro - kern' - is - tre) 
 [electro-; yT}\is.ia, chemistry]. The science 
 treating of the chemic changes produced by 
 electricity. 
 
 Electroconductivity {e-lek-tro-kon-duk-tiv' - 
 it-e). Capability for transmitting electricity. 
 
 Electrode (e-lek' -trod) [electro-; dobc, a 
 way]. The pieces of metal or other sub- 
 stance fastened to the conducting cords of a 
 battery through which electricity is applied 
 to the body. E., Alleman's, a device for 
 the application of electricity to cause absorp- 
 tion of corneal opacities. E., Colon (Pen- 
 nington's), an appliance for hydroelectric 
 applications to the colon. It is a perforated 
 hollow carbon electrode connected with the 
 
 conducting cord by means of a spiral wire 
 passing through and surrounded by a soft 
 colon tube, through which the colon may be 
 flushed with warm water or saline solution. 
 E., Deglutable, an electrode suitable to 
 be passed into the stomach for intra- 
 gastric electrization. E., Dispersing. See 
 E., Indifferent. E., Exciting, in electro- 
 therapy, the small electrode used in nerve- 
 and muscle-stimulation, immediately over or 
 near the nerve to be examined. Syn., 
 Localizing electrode. Cf. E., Indifferent. 
 E., Exciting, Erb's, a bundle of 400 metal 
 threads separated from one another by 
 insulation and tightly incased in a hard-rubber 
 tube; employed in electrotherapy. E., 
 Indifferent, the large electrode used in 
 nerve and muscle stimulation at a distance 
 from the nerve to be examined. Syn., Dis- 
 persing electrode. Cf. E., Exciting. E., Lo- 
 calizing. See E., Exciting. 
 
 Electrodiagnosis (e - lek - tro - di -ag- no'- sis) 
 [electro-; diagnosis]. Diagnosis by examining 
 the reaction of the excitable tissues of the body 
 by means of electric currents. 
 
 Electrodiaphane {e-lek-tro -di 1 '-af-an) [electro-; 
 dta<jiacv£.cv, to show through]. An apparatus 
 for illumination of the stomach. Cf. Dia- 
 phanoscope. 
 
 Electrodiaphany (e-lek-tro-di-af'-an-e). See 
 Diaphanoscopy and Transillumination. 
 
 Electrodynamics, Electrodynamism (e-lek- 
 tro-di-nam'-iks, -din' -am-izm) [electro-; dyna- 
 mic]. The science of the reciprocal action of 
 electric currents. 
 
 Electrodynamometer {e-lek-tro-di-nam-om' -et- 
 er) [electro-; dynamometer]. An instrument 
 for measuring the strength of electric currents. 
 
 Electroendoscopy (e-lek-tro-end-os' -ko-pe). See 
 Diaphanoscopy and Transillumination. 
 
 Electrogram (e-lek'-tro-gram) [electro-; ypafifia, 
 a writing]. A skiagram. 
 
 Electrograph (e-lek'-tro-graf). See Skiagraph. 
 
 Electrography {e-lek-trog'-raf-e). 1. Skiagra- 
 phy. 2. Electrology. 
 
 Electrohemostasis ie-lek-tro-hem-os' -ta-sis) 
 [ehctro-; hemostasis]. Arrest of hemorrhage 
 in a tissue or vessel by grasping it with a for- 
 ceps, in the jaws of which heat is generated by 
 an electric current, causing desiccation of the 
 tissue and union of the arteries. 
 
 Electrokatalysis (e-lek-tro-kat-aV '-is-is) [elec- 
 tro-; katalysis]. The action of the galvanic 
 current upon the trophic processes in the 
 nervous system, upon the contraction of the 
 vessels, the movement of the lymph in the 
 lymphatics, etc., through which a resorbent 
 effect is produced by means of exudation, 
 infiltration, new-formation, etc. 
 
 Electrokinetic (e-lek-tro-kin-et'-ik). Electro- 
 motive. 
 
 Electrokinetics {e-lek-tro-kin-ct'-iks) [electro-; 
 Ktvtlv, to move]. 1 . The science of galvanism. 
 2. The science of electricity as applied to 
 mechanic motion. 
 
 Electrolepsy {e-lek'-tro-lep-se) [electro-; epi- 
 lepsy]. Electric chorea. 
 
ELECTROLIZER 
 
 376 
 
 ELEPHANTIASIS 
 
 Electrolizer (e-lek' -tro-li-zer) . An instrument 
 for removing strictures by electricity. 
 
 Electrology {e-lek-trol'-o-je) [electro-; Xbyoc, 
 science]. That branch of physics treating of 
 the laws and phenomena of electricity. 
 
 Electrolysis (e-lek-troV -is-is) [electro-; Xuocc, 
 solution]. The dissolution of a chemic 
 compound by an electric current. E., Cup- 
 ric, electrolysis in which a bulb of chemi- 
 cally pure copper is applied directly to the 
 diseased area; the copper oxychlorid gener- 
 ated acts as a germicide. 
 
 Electrolyte (e-lek' -tro -lit) [see Electrolysis]. A 
 substance decomposed by an electric current. 
 
 Electrolytic (e-lek-tro-lit'-ik) [see' Electrolysis]. 
 Relating to electrolysis. 
 
 Electro lyzer (e-lek' -tro-li-zer). See Electrolizer. 
 
 Electromagnet (e-lek-tro-mag' -net) [electro-; 
 magnet]. A mass of soft iron surrounded by 
 a coil of wire. A current passing through the 
 wire will make the iron core magnetic. 
 
 Electromassage (e-lek-tro-mas-azh') [electro-; 
 massage]. The transmission of a current of 
 electricity through a kneading instrument. 
 
 Electromedication (e-lek-tro-med-ik-a' -shun) . 
 The introduction of medicaments into the 
 system by electric means. 
 
 Electrometer (e-lek -trom'-et-er) [electro-; fiir- 
 pov, a measure]. An instrument for measur- 
 ing electric force. 
 
 Electrometry (e-lek-trom' '-et-re) [see Electrom- 
 eter]. The measurement of electricity. 
 
 Electromotive (e-lek-tro-mo'-tiv). i. Pertain- 
 ing to or producing electric action. 2. Pro- 
 ducing electricity. E. Force, the force that 
 produces an electric current. Abbreviated 
 E. M. F. 
 
 Electron (e-lek 1 '-tron) [r/XeKrpov, amber], 1. 
 Amber. 2. Any medium conducting or ex- 
 citing electricity. 
 
 Electronegative (e-lek- tro-neg'-a-tiv) [electro-; 
 negare, to deny]. Pertaining to the electric 
 condition found at the negative pole of a bat- 
 tery. 
 
 ElectroneurOtone (e-lek-tro-nu 1 '-ro-ton) [elec- 
 tro-; veopov, a nerve; xbvoc, tone]. An appa- 
 ratus for applying massage by electricity. 
 
 Electropathology (e-lek-tro-path-ol'-o-je) [elec- 
 tro-; pathology]. The study of morbid condi- 
 tions by the aid of electric irritation. 
 
 Electrophotography (e-lek-tro-}o-tog' -raf-e) . 
 Same as Skiagraphy. 
 
 Electrophototherapy (e-lek-tro-fo-to-ther'-ap-e) 
 [electro-; phototherapy]. Therapeutic treat- 
 ment by means of electric light. 
 
 Electrophysiology (e-lek-tro-fis-e-ol'-o-je) [elec- 
 tro-; physiology]. The study of electric reac- 
 tions, properties, and relations of organs and 
 organic tissues. 
 
 Electropositive (e-lek-tro-pos' -it-iv) [electro-; 
 ponere, to place]. Pertaining to the electric 
 state that exists at the positive pole of a bat- 
 tery. 
 
 Electropuncture (e-lek-tro-pung'-tur) [electro-; 
 pungere, to prick]. The use of needles as 
 electrodes, which are thrust into an organ or a 
 tumor. 
 
 Electroscope [e-lek' -tro-skop) [electro-; oko- 
 tzz'cv, to view]. An instrument for detecting 
 the presence of static electricity and deter- 
 mining whether it is positive or negative. 
 
 Electrosensibility (e-lek-tro-sen-si-bil'-it-e) . 
 The irritability of a sensory nerve to electricity. 
 
 Electrostatics (e-lek-tro-stat'-iks) [electro-; 
 ozaxcKoc, causing to stand]. The science of 
 static electricity, or that developed by friction. 
 
 Electrosynthesis (e-lek-tro-sin' -the-s'is) [elec- 
 tro-; synthesis]. Chemic combination by 
 means of electricity. 
 
 Electrotherapeutics (e-lek-tro-ther-ap-u r -tiks). 
 [electro-; Oepaneca, treatment]. The science 
 and art of the application of electricity for 
 therapeutic purposes. 
 
 Electrotherapy (e-lek-tro-ther'-ap-e). See Elec- 
 trotherapeutics. 
 
 Electro therm (e - lek' - tro - therm) [electro-; 
 OepiiTj, heat]. An apparatus for relieving pain 
 by the application of electricity to the skin. 
 
 Electrothermal (e-lek-tro-iherm'-al). Pertain- 
 ing to heat and electricity or to heat generated 
 by electricity. 
 
 Electrotonus (e-lek-trot' -o-nus) [electro-; xbvog, 
 tension]. The change of condition in a nerve 
 during the passage of a current of electricity. 
 See Anelectrotonus and Katelectrotonus. 
 
 Electrozone (e-lek' -tro-zon). The proprietary 
 name for a disinfectant fluid produced by the 
 electrolysis of sea-water. 
 
 Electuary {e-lek' -tu-ar-e) [electuarium, an elec- 
 tuary]. A soft or pasty mass, consisting of a 
 medicinal substance, with sugar, honey, water, 
 etc. 
 
 Eleidin (e-le'-id-in) [kXa'ca, olive-oil]. A material 
 occurring in the form of granules in the 
 stratum granulosum of the epidermis. 
 
 Element (el'-e-ment) [elementum, a first prin- 
 ciple]. Any one of the ultimate parts of which 
 anything is composed, as the cellular elements 
 of a tissue. In chemistry, a body that cannot 
 be decomposed into simpler substances. 
 The recognized elements now number about 
 80. See Elements, Table of Chemic, on p. 377. 
 
 Elementary (el-e-men' -ta-re) [element]. Per- 
 taining to or having the characters of an 
 element. 
 
 Elemi (el'-em-e) [Ar.]. A resinous exudation 
 probably derived from the Canarium commune, 
 although its botanic source is still undeter- 
 mined. It contains a crystalline resin, 
 elemin or amyrin. Its action is similar to that 
 of the turpentines. E.,Unguentum (B.P.), 
 elemi and simple ointment; it is used as an 
 application to indolent sores and boils. 
 
 Eleomyenchysis (el-e-o-mi-en' -ke-sis) [eXacov, 
 oil; fiuc, muscle; eVj^v, to pour in], 1. The 
 intramuscular injection and congelation of 
 oils in treatment of chronic local spasm. 2. 
 Surgical prosthesis by injection of paraffin. 
 
 Elephantiasis (el-ef-an-ti'-as-is) [iXecbac, an 
 elephant]. A chronic affection of the cuta- 
 neous and subcutaneous tissues, due to 
 obstruction of lymph-vessels, and character- 
 ized by enormous thickening of the affected 
 parts. The disease occurs in successive at- 
 
ELEMENTS 
 
 377 
 
 ELEMENTS 
 
 TABLE OF CHEMIC ELEMENTS. 
 
 Arranged alphabetically from Funk and WagnalVs Standard Dictionary [copyright]. - 
 (Published by permission.) 
 
 Name. 
 
 hi 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 a a 
 
 Al 
 
 26.9 
 
 Sb 
 
 "9-3 
 
 Ar 
 As 
 
 39-6 
 744 
 
 Ba 
 
 136.4 
 
 Be 
 Bi 
 
 206.9 
 
 B 
 
 10.9 
 
 Br 
 
 79-36 
 
 Cd 
 
 111.6 
 
 Ca 
 
 39-8 
 
 C 
 
 11.91 
 
 Ce 
 
 139.2 
 
 Cs 
 
 I3I-9 
 
 CI 
 
 35-i8 
 
 Cr 
 
 5i-7 
 
 Co 
 Cb 
 
 58.56 
 93-3 
 
 Cu 
 
 63.1 
 
 Di 
 
 Er 
 
 164.8 
 
 F 
 
 18.9 
 
 Gd 
 
 155 
 
 Ga 
 Ge 
 
 695 
 7-9 
 
 Gl 
 
 9-°3 
 
 Au 
 
 *95-7 
 
 He 
 
 4 
 
 H 
 
 1. 000 
 
 In 
 I 
 
 113.1 
 125.90 
 
 Ir 
 Fe 
 
 I9I-5 
 55-5 
 
 Kr 
 La 
 
 81.2 
 137-9 
 
 Pb 
 
 205.35 
 
 fe H 
 
 g 60 
 
 IIS 
 
 Where and how 
 Found. 
 
 Aluminium 
 
 Antimony (stibium) . . 
 
 Argentum. See Silver. 
 
 Argon 
 
 Arsenic 
 
 Aurum. See Gold. 
 
 Barium 
 
 Beryllium. See Glucin- 
 
 um. 
 Bismuth 
 
 Boron 
 
 Bromin 
 
 Cadmium 
 
 Calcium 
 
 Carbon 
 
 Cerium 
 
 Cesium 
 
 Chlorin 
 
 Chromium 
 
 Cobalt 
 
 Columbium (niobium) 
 
 Copper (cuprum) . . . 
 Coroni\im(hypothetical) 
 Didymium. See Pra- 
 seodymium. 
 Erbium 
 
 Ferrum. 
 Fluorin 
 
 See Iron. 
 
 Gadolinium 
 
 Gallium 
 Germanium 
 
 Glucinum (beryllium) . 
 Gold (aurum) . . . . 
 
 Helium 
 
 Hydrargyrum. See 
 Mercury. ' 
 
 Hydrogen 
 
 Indium 
 
 Iodin 
 
 Iridium 
 
 Iron (ferrum) . . . . 
 
 Kalium. See Potas- 
 sium. 
 
 Krypton 
 
 Lanthanum 
 
 2.58 
 6-7 
 
 i-5t 
 5-7i 
 
 9.8 
 2.6 
 
 3-19 
 8.65 
 1. 6-1 .8 
 3-521 
 6 
 1 
 
 33t 
 3 
 
 8,96 
 Above 7 
 
 8.9 
 
 Lead (plumbum) . 
 
 5-95 
 5-47 
 
 1.85 
 
 19-3 
 
 0.025! 
 
 7-4 
 
 4-95 
 
 22.4 
 
 6.1 
 n.36 
 
 627°C. (n6o°F.). 
 432 C. (8o8°F.). 
 
 — i28.6°C. (23i.4°F.). 
 Ab't500°C. (932°F.). 
 
 Above redness. 
 
 268 C. (517 F.). 
 Very high. 
 — 7.2°C. (— 20°F.). 
 2 3 i°C. (6o 9 °F.). 
 Bright redness. 
 Infusible. 
 Below silver. 
 26. 5 °C. (8o°F.). 
 -75-6° C. (-103° F.). 
 Above platinum. 
 i 5 oo°C. (2 7 32°F.). 
 
 1054 C. (1931 F.). 
 
 30.i°C. (86° F.). 
 9 oo C. (i6 5 2°F.). 
 
 Above redness. 
 
 io45°C. (i 9 i3°F.). 
 
 — 200 C.f (— 328 F.). 
 
 i 7 6°C. (348°F.). 
 H4°C. (2 3 8°F.). 
 
 i95o°C. (3542° F.). 
 i6oo°C. (29i2°F.). 
 
 1 or vii 
 11 
 11 
 
 IV 
 
 in or iv 
 1 
 
 I or vii 
 
 II or vi 
 
 11 or viii 
 
 v 
 
 1 or 11 
 
 1 or vn 
 in 
 
 326° C. (850° F.). 
 
 11 
 1 or in 
 
 1 
 in 
 
 I or vii 
 
 II or iv 
 
 11 or iv 
 
 in 
 11 or iv 
 
 In many rocks. (The 
 most abundant metal.) 
 
 Chiefly as sulfid, and in 
 various metallic ores. 
 
 Free in the atmosphere. 
 
 Native, as sulfid, and in 
 
 various metallic ores. 
 
 In barite and witherite. 
 
 Native, as sulfid, and in 
 
 rare minerals. 
 In borax and various 
 
 minerals. 
 Mainly in sea-water and 
 
 other natural brines. 
 In small amount in zinc 
 
 ores. 
 In limestone, and. abun- 
 dantly in other rocks. 
 In coal, limestone, and 
 
 all organic matter. 
 In cerite and other rare 
 
 minerals. 
 In lepidolite, pollucite, 
 
 and mineral springs. 
 In common salt (NaCl) 
 
 and other chlorids. 
 Mainly in chrome-iron 
 
 ore. 
 In many metallic ores. 
 In columbite and other 
 
 rare minerals. 
 Native, and in many ores. 
 
 In rare minerals, as ga- 
 dolinite, etc. 
 
 In fluorite (CaF 2 ) and 
 
 other minerals. 
 In rare minerals, as ga- 
 
 dolinite, etc. 
 In certain zinc-blendes. 
 In argyrodite, a rare 
 
 mineral. 
 In beryl and several rare 
 
 minerals. 
 
 free, rarely 
 in various 
 
 Generally 
 combined 
 ores. 
 
 In cleveite 
 
 and several 
 
 other rare minerals. 
 
 Mainly in water (H s O). 
 
 In certain zinc ores. 
 
 Mainly in ashes of sea- 
 weeds. 
 
 In iridosmin. 
 
 As oxid and sulfid, and 
 in nearly all rocks. 
 
 In cerite and other rare 
 
 minerals. 
 In galena (PbS) and 
 
 other ores. 
 
ELEMENTS 378 ELEMENTS 
 
 TABLE OF CHEMIC ELEMENTS.— (Continued.) 
 
 Name. 
 
 Lithium . . 
 Magnesium . 
 Manganese . 
 Masrium . . 
 
 Mercury {hydrargy- 
 rum 
 
 Molybdenum .... 
 
 Natrium. See Sodium. 
 Neodymium 
 
 Neon 
 
 Nickel 
 
 Niobium. See Colum- 
 
 bium. 
 Nitrogen 
 
 Osmium 
 Oxygen . 
 
 Palladium 
 Phosphorus 
 Platinum . 
 
 Plumbum. See Lead. 
 Polonium 
 
 Potassium (kalium) . . 
 
 Praseodymium (did- ) 
 
 ymium) I 
 
 Radium 
 
 Rhodium 
 
 Rubidium . 
 Ruthenium 
 Samarium 
 Scandium 
 Selenium . 
 Silicon . . 
 
 Silver (argenhim\ . . 
 Sodium (natrium) . . 
 
 Stannum. See Tin. 
 Stibium. See Anti- 
 mony. 
 Strontium 
 
 Sulfur , 
 
 Tantalum 
 
 Tellurium 
 Terbium . 
 
 Thallium 
 
 Thorium 
 
 Li 
 
 Mg 
 Mn 
 
 Ms 
 
 Hg 
 Mo 
 
 Nd 
 
 Ne 
 Ni 
 
 Nb 
 
 N 
 
 Os 
 O 
 
 Pd 
 
 P 
 
 Pt 
 
 Po 
 K 
 
 Pr 
 
 Ra 
 Rh 
 
 Rb 
 
 Ru 
 
 Sm 
 
 Sc 
 
 Se 
 
 Si 
 
 Ag 
 
 Na 
 
 Sr 
 S 
 
 Ta 
 
 Te 
 Tb 
 
 Tl 
 Th 
 
 as 
 
 6.98 
 24.18 
 
 54-6 
 228 
 
 I98-5 
 95-3 
 
 142.5 
 
 19.9 
 
 58.3 
 
 13-93 
 189.6 
 
 15-88 
 
 1057 
 30-77 
 193-3 
 
 3 8'.86 
 
 139-4 
 
 223 
 
 102.2 
 
 84.8 
 
 100. 9 
 
 148.9 
 
 43-8 
 
 78.6 
 
 28.2 
 
 107.12 
 
 86.94 
 3I-83 
 
 181.6 
 
 126.6 
 
 158.8 
 
 230.S 
 
 u > 
 
 0.585 
 1-75 
 
 7.2 
 
 I3-596 
 8.6 
 
 About 6.5 
 
 0.38II 
 
 22.48 
 
 i.ng 
 
 0.86 
 
 About 6.5 
 
 12. 1 
 
 1-52 
 
 12.26 
 
 4-5 
 2.48 
 
 [0.5 
 
 0.97 
 
 2-5 
 2.07 
 
 Above 10 
 6.23 
 
 11. 19 
 
 11.23 
 
 55 2 < 
 
 X H S 
 
 i8o°C. (356° F.). 
 Ab't43o°C. (8o6°F.). 
 Above iron. 
 
 — 38.8 C. (—38° F. 
 Very high. 
 
 1450° C. (2642 F.). 
 
 Nearly infusible. 
 
 1500 C. (2732 F.). 
 44.2 C. (ii2°F.). 
 
 1775° C. (322 5 °F.). 
 
 62. 5 °C. (144.5° F.). 
 
 2000° C. (3632° F.). 
 3 8.5°C. (101.5° F.). 
 Nearly infusible. 
 
 217° C. (425°F.). 
 
 Above 800° C. (1500° 
 F.). 
 
 954 C. (i75o°F.). 
 95.6° C. (204° F.). 
 
 Red heat. 
 ii 4 .5°C. (235° F.). 
 
 455° C. (851° F.). 
 
 239-9° C (56i°F.). 
 Almost infusible. 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 11 or vii 
 
 11 
 
 I or 11 
 
 II or vi 
 
 11 or viii 
 
 v 
 11 or vii 
 
 11 or vi 
 
 11 or iv 
 
 v 
 11 or iv 
 
 11 
 11 or viii 
 
 1 
 
 11 or vii 
 
 in 
 
 in 
 
 11 or vi 
 
 IV 
 
 Where and how- 
 Found. 
 
 11 
 11 or vi 
 
 11 or vi 
 in 
 
 In lepidolite, spodumene, 
 and some rare minerals. 
 
 In sea-water, magnesite, 
 and many rocks. 
 
 In pyrolusite and many 
 other minerals. 
 
 In bed of old river in up- 
 per Egypt, in masrite. 
 
 Native and in cinnabar 
 (HgS). 
 
 Mainly as molybdenite 
 (MoS 2 ). 
 
 In cerite and other rare 
 minerals. 
 
 In many metallic ores. 
 
 In the atmosphere and 
 organic matter. 
 
 In iridosmin and native 
 platinum. 
 
 Free in air. (Forms one- 
 half the earth's crust, 
 combined.) 
 
 Native and with platin- 
 um and gold. 
 
 In bones and in apatite 
 and many minerals. 
 
 Mainly as native plati- 
 num in river-gravels. 
 
 In pitch-blende. 
 
 In wood-ashes and many 
 rocks. 
 
 In cerite and other rare 
 minerals. 
 
 In pitch-blende. 
 
 With platinum and iri- 
 dosmin. 
 
 In lepidolite and some 
 mineral springs. 
 
 With platinum and iri- 
 dosmin. 
 
 In samarskite, cerite, 
 and other rare minerals. 
 
 In gadolinite and other 
 rare minerals. 
 
 Mainly in sulfur as an 
 impurity. 
 
 In quartz (SiOo). (Most 
 abundant element after 
 oxygen.) 
 
 Native and in many ores. 
 
 In common salt (NaCl) 
 and many rocks. 
 
 In celestite and stronti- 
 anite. 
 
 Native and in many 
 natural sulfids and sul- 
 fates. 
 
 In tantalite and other 
 rare minerals. 
 
 In several rare minerals. 
 
 In rare minerals, as ga- 
 dolinite, etc. 
 
 In pyrites and in flue- 
 dust of sulfuric-acid 
 works. 
 
 In thorite and other rare 
 minerals. 
 
ELEVATOR 379 
 
 TABLE OF CHEMIC ELEMENTS. 
 
 ELLIS' LIGAMENT 
 
 -{Continued.) 
 
 Name. 
 
 ►J 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 O H . 
 
 a « 
 
 s 
 
 H W 
 
 W 
 
 <£ 
 
 Tu 
 
 I69.7 
 
 Sn 
 
 II8.I 
 
 Ti 
 
 47-7 
 
 W 
 
 182.6 
 
 U 
 
 236.7 
 
 V 
 
 50.8 
 
 Xe 
 
 127 
 
 Yb 
 
 171,7 
 
 Yt 
 
 88.3 
 
 Zn 
 
 64.9 
 
 Zr 
 
 89.9 
 
 H 
 
 <-> > 
 
 S < 
 
 O £ Q 
 
 w Q 
 
 Where and how 
 Found. 
 
 Thulium 
 
 Tin (st annum) . . . . 
 Titanium 
 
 Tungsten (wolfram- \ 
 
 ium) j 
 
 Uranium 
 
 Vanadium 
 
 Wolframium. See 
 Tungsten. 
 
 Xenon 
 
 Ytterbium 
 
 Yttrium 
 
 Zinc (zincum) .... 
 
 Zirconium 
 
 7-25 
 
 19.26 
 18.69 
 
 5-87 
 
 233° C. (551° F.). 
 Not fusible. 
 
 Very high. 
 Very high. 
 
 In oxyhydric flame. 
 
 iv or vi 
 11 or vi 
 
 7.12 
 4-i5 
 
 433° C. (8ii. 5 °F.). 
 Above sulfur. 
 
 In rare minerals, as 
 
 gadolinite, etc. 
 Mainly in cassiterite 
 
 (Sn0 2 ). 
 Widely diffused in rocks 
 
 and clays, in small 
 
 amounts. 
 Mainly in wolframite 
 
 (MnFeW0 4 ). 
 In pitch-blende and other 
 
 rare minerals. 
 In vanadinite and other 
 
 rare minerals. 
 
 In rare minerals, as 
 
 gadolinite, etc. 
 In gadolinite and other 
 
 rare minerals. 
 In ores, as oxid, silicate, 
 
 sulfid, and carbonate. 
 In zircon and other rare 
 
 minerals. 
 
 
 *The factors in the columns of specific gravities and melting-points naturally vary with the form which the 
 element takes (<?. g-., in carbon the specific gravity varies as diamond, charcoal, or lampblack is taken), but so far 
 as possible the factor of the most typical form is given. 
 
 f Of the liquid element. J Diamond. || Of the liquid at o° C. g Of the liquid at — 181 C. 
 
 
 tacks accompanied by fever and by swelling 
 of the affected parts, usually the lower ex- 
 tremities and genital organs; it is endemic in 
 certain tropical countries, and seems to be 
 connected, in many cases, with the presence 
 in the blood of Filaria sanguinis -hominis. 
 E. ansesthetica, anesthetic leprosy. E. 
 arabum. See Elephantiasis. E. asturien- 
 sis, pellagra. E. congenita cystica, a state 
 of malformation marked by skeletal defects, 
 general anasarca, and formation of cysts 
 in the subcutaneous tissue. E. dura, E. 
 scirrhosa, a variety of elephantiasis marked 
 by density and sclerosis of the subcutaneous 
 connective tissues. E. graecorum. See 
 Leprosy. E., Nevoid. See E. telangiectodes. 
 E. sclerosa. See Scleroderma. E. telan- 
 giectodes, elephantiasis characterized by a 
 great increase in the blood-vessels. 
 
 Elevator {el'-ev-a-tor) [elevare, to lift]. 1. The 
 same as Levator. See under Muscle. 2. An 
 instrument for elevating or lifting a part. 
 
 Eliminant {e-lim' '-in-anf) [eliminare, to expel]. 
 1. Promoting elimination. 2. A drug causing 
 elimination. 
 
 Elimination {e-lim-in-a' -shun) [see Eliminant]. 
 The process of expelling or casting out, espe- 
 cially waste-products. 
 
 Elinguation {e-lin-gwa' -shun) [e, out; lingua, 
 the tongue]. Surgical removal of the tongue. 
 
 Elinguid {e-lin'-gwid). Tongue-tied; without 
 the power of speech. 
 
 Elixir {e-liks'-er) [Ar., el iksir, the philos- 
 opher's stone]. A sweetened, aromatic, spir- 
 ituous preparation, containing only a small 
 amount of an active ingredient. E., Adju- 
 vant {elixir adjuvans, U. S. P.), one made of 
 fluidextract of glycyrrhiza and aromatic elixir. 
 E., Aromatic {elixir aromaticum, U. S. P.), 
 compound spirit of orange, 1.2 Cc; syrup, 37.5 
 Cc; purified talc, 1.5 Gm.; deodorized alcohol, 
 distilled water, each, a sufficient quantity *o 
 make 100 Cc. It is used as a vehicle. E. of 
 Iron, Quinin, and Strychnin Phosphates 
 {elixir ferri, quinince, et strychnines phosphatum, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). E. of Phos- 
 phorus, spirit of phosphorus, 21; oil of anise, 
 0.2; glycerol, 55; aromatic elixir, a sufficient 
 quantity to make 100 Cc. 
 
 Elkoplasty {el'-ko-plas-te). See Helcoplasty. 
 
 Elliott's Test for Sugar. Make reagents: 
 (1) Copper sulfate (c. p.), 27 gr.; glycerol 
 (c. p.), 3 dr.; distilled water, 2§ dr.; solution 
 of potassium hydroxid, sufficient to make 4 
 oz.; (2) a saturated solution of tartaric acid 
 in water. Boil 1 dr. of No. 1 and add 3 
 drops of No. 2 ; drop by drop add 8 drops of 
 urine. 
 
 Ellis' Ligament. That part of the recto- 
 vesical fascia that extends to the side of the 
 rectum. E.'s Line, the curved line followed 
 by the upper border of a pleuritic effusion or 
 a hydrothorax. E.'s Sign, during resorption 
 of a pleuritic exudate, the upper border of 
 
ELLIS-DAMOISEAU'S CURVE 
 
 380 
 
 EMBRYOMAS 
 
 dulness forms a curve convex toward the 
 head, the highest point of which lies laterally. 
 
 Ellis-Damoiseau's Curve. See Ellis' Sign. 
 
 Elm. See Ulmus. 
 
 Elongatio, Elongation (e-lon-ga'-she-o, -shun). 
 i. The process of lengthening. 2. A length- 
 ened condition. E. colli, pathologic length- 
 ening of the cervix uteri through hypertrophy. 
 
 Elosin (el'-o-sin). A remedy said to be a 
 resinoid from the root of Chamoelirium caro- 
 linianum. It is tonic, diuretic, emmenagog, 
 and a vermifuge. 
 
 Eisner's Method of Diagnosing Typhoid. 
 Cultures are made from the stools, upon a 
 special culture-medium composed of Holz's 
 acid potato-gelatin with 1 % of potassium 
 iodid. Only a few forms of bacteria will grow 
 upon this medium, and among these are 
 Bacterium coli and the typhoid bacillus; these 
 latter are of slow growth and in 24 hours 
 are scarcely visible with low power, whereas 
 the coli colonies have attained considerable 
 growth. After 48 hours the typhoid cultures 
 appear in shining aggregations as drops of 
 water with finely molded structure, and the 
 coli colonies are larger, more granular, and 
 brown in color. The presence of the typhoid 
 bacillus can also be detected in food and 
 water by this procedure. 
 
 Elutriation (e-lu-tre-a' -shun) [elutriare, to 
 wash out]. A process whereby the coarser 
 particles of an insoluble substance are sepa- 
 rated from the finer by decanting the fluid 
 after the coarser particles have settled. 
 
 Elytritis (el-it-ri' -tis) [IXurpov, vagina; ixtg, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the va- 
 gina. 
 
 Elytro- (el-it-ro-) . A prefix signifying relating to 
 the vagina. 
 
 Elytrocleisis, Elytroclisis (el-it-ro-kli'-sis). 
 See Colpocleisis. 
 
 Elytroplasty (el 1 ' -it-ro-plas-te) [elytro-; nXaooecv, 
 to form]. A plastic operation upon the vagina. 
 
 Elytropneumatosis (el - it -ro -nu - mat-o'-sis) 
 [elytro-; nveujia, air]. A collection of air in the 
 vagina. 
 
 Elytroptosis (el-it-ro -to' -sis) [elytro-; Tzxiootc, a 
 falling]. Prolapse of the vagina. 
 
 Elytrorrhaphy (el - it - ror' - a - }e) [elytro-; 
 pa(}>7), a seam]. Suture of the vaginal wall. 
 
 Emarisio (e-man'-she-o) [L.]. A failing. E. 
 mensium, delay in the first appearance of 
 ■the menses. 
 
 Emballometer (em-bal-om' -et-er) [k^aXXecv, 
 to throw; p.hpov, a measure]. A percussion 
 instrument employed in connection with a 
 stethoscope. 
 
 Embed (em-bed'). In histology, to treat a 
 tissue with some substance, as paraffin or 
 celloidin, which shall give it support during 
 the process of section-cutting. 
 
 Embedding (em-bed' -in g) [embed]. The fixation 
 of a tissue-specimen in a firm medium, in 
 order to keep it intact during the cutting of 
 thin sections. 
 
 Embolalia (em-bo-la' -le-ah) . See Embololalia. 
 
 Embole (em'-bo-le). See Emboly. 
 
 Embolic (em-bol'-ik) [embolus]. Relating to or 
 caused by an embolus. 
 
 Emboliform (em-boV -if-orm) [embolus]. Re- 
 sembling an embolus. 
 
 Embolism (em' -bo-lizm) [embolus]. The obstruc- 
 tion of a blood-vessel, especially an artery, by a 
 fragment of matter brought from another 
 point. E., Air-, obstruction of a vessel by a 
 bubble of air. E., Fat-, obstruction of blood- 
 vessels by globules of fat. E., Infective, em- 
 bolism in which the emboli contain microor- 
 ganisms and cause metastatic abscesses. E., 
 Miliary, a condition in which many small 
 blood-vessels are the seats of emboli. E., 
 Pigment, E., Pigmental, E., Pigmentary, 
 embolism due to melanemia and usually occur- 
 ring in the spleen, liver, brain, or kidney. 
 
 Embololalia (em -bo -lo -la' -le-ah) [embolus; 
 XaXca, babble]. The intercalation of meaning- 
 less words into the speech. 
 
 Embolus (em'-bo-lus) [iv, in; ftaXXecv, to throw; 
 pi., emboli]. A particle of fibrin or other mate- 
 rial brought by the blood-current and form- 
 ing an obstruction at its place of lodgment. 
 
 Emboly (em'-bo-le) [ififtoXrj, insertion]. The 
 process of invagination that gives rise to a 
 gastrula from a blastosphere or vesicular 
 morula. 
 
 Embrocation (em-bro-ka' -shun) [ififtpkxetv, to 
 soak in]. 1. The application, especially by 
 rubbing, of a liquid to a part of the body. 2. 
 The liquid so applied. 
 
 Embryo (em'-bre-o) [iv, in; ^puscv, to swell 
 with]. 1. The product of conception up to 
 the fourth month of pregnancy. 2. The fer- 
 tilized germ of an animal. 
 
 Embryo cardia (em-bri-o-kar'-de-ah) [embryo; 
 napo'ca, the heart]. A condition in which the 
 heart-sounds resemble those of the fetus, the 
 first and second sounds being almost identical. 
 
 Embryo chemic (em-bri-o-kem'-ik) [embryo; 
 %rjp.eca, chemistry]. Relating to the changes 
 in the chemic distribution of nitrogen and 
 phosphorus in the fertilized egg during devel- 
 opment. 
 
 Embryo ctonic, Embryoctonous (em-bri-ok- 
 ton'-ik, -ok'-ton-us) [embryo; nze'ivecv, to kill]. 
 Abortif acient ; relating to embryoctony. 
 
 Embryo ctony (em-bri-ok' -to-ne) (see Embryoc- 
 tonic]. The destruction of the living fetus; 
 the procurement of abortion. 
 
 Embryogenetic (em-bri-o-jen-ef -ik) [embryo; 
 yevijg, producing]/ Giving rise to an embryo. 
 
 Embryogeny (em-bri-oj'-en-e) [see Embryo- 
 genetic]. That department of biology which 
 deals with the development of the fecundated 
 germ. 
 
 Embryolemma (em-bri-o-lem'-ah) [embryo; 
 Xi/ifia, a husk]. The special fetal membranes, 
 the amnion, serolemma, etc. 
 
 Embryology (em-bri-ol'-o-je) [embryo; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science dealing with the devel- 
 opment of the embryo. 
 
 Embryomas (em-bri-o'-mahs). A term applied 
 by Wilnis to the dermoid cysts found in the 
 mammalian ovary and testis, which he re- 
 gards as rudimentary embryos. 
 
EMBRYOMETROTROPHIA 
 
 381 
 
 EMINENTIA 
 
 Scheme of Human Embryo with the Visceral 
 Arches still Persistent. 
 A. Amnion. V. Forebrain. M. Midbrain. H. Hind- 
 brain. N. After-brain. U. Primitive vertebras. a. 
 Eye. p. Nasal pit. S. Frontal process, y. Internal 
 nasal process, n. External nasal process, r. Superior 
 maxillary process of the first visceral arch, i, 2, 3, and 
 4. The four visceral arches, with the visceral clefts 
 between them. o. Auditory vesicle, h. Heart, with e, 
 primitive aorta, which divides into the five aortic arches. 
 f. Descending aorta, om. Omphalomesenteric artery. 
 b. The omphalomesenteric arteries of the umbilical 
 vesicle, c. Omphalomesenteric vein. L. Liver with 
 venas advehentes and revehentes. D. Intestine. f. 
 Inferior cava. T. Coccyx, all. Allantois, with z, one 
 umbilical artery, and x, an umbilical vein. 
 
 Embryometrotrophia {em-bri-o-met-ro-tro'-fe- 
 ah) [embryo; firjrpa, the womb; rpifecv, to 
 nourish]. The nourishment of the embryo. 
 
 Embryonate (em'-bri-o-nal) [embryo], 1. Re- 
 lating to an embryo. 2. Fecundated; contain- 
 ing an embryo. 
 
 Embryonic {em-bri-on'-ik) [embryo]. Pertain- 
 ing to the embryo. E. Area, an opaque circu- 
 lar spot that forms on the blastoderm. E. 
 Spot. See E. Area. E. Tissue, tissue in 
 the undifferentiated state, consisting of small, 
 round cells. 
 
 Embryoplastic {em-bri-o-plas'-tik) [embryo; 
 ■jtXaooecv, to form]. Participating in the 
 formation of the embryo; it is said of cells. 
 
 Embryoscope {em'-bri-o-skop) [embryo; okotzzIv, 
 to examine]. An appliance by means of 
 which the course of development of the 
 embryo in eggs with shells may be ob- 
 served. 
 
 Embryospastic {em-bri-o-spas'-tik) [embryo; 
 OTtav, to draw]. Relating to fetal extraction 
 with an instrument. 
 
 Embryotome {em' -bri-o-tom) [embryo; to/ztj, 
 section]. An instrument for performing em- 
 bryotomy. 
 
 Embryotomy {em-bri-of -o-me) [see Embryo- 
 tome]. The cutting up of the fetus in the 
 uterus for the purpose of reducing its size. 
 
 Emesis (em'-es-is) [i/xkiv, to vomit]. Vom- 
 iting. 
 
 Emetic {e-met'-ik) [see Ernests]. 1. Having the 
 power to induce vomiting. 2. An agent caus- 
 ing emesis. E., Direct, E., Mechanic, one 
 acting directly on the nerves of the stomach. 
 E., Indirect, E., Systemic, one acting 
 through the blood upon the vomiting center. 
 
 Emetin {em'-et-in). 1. See Ipecacuanha. 2. 
 A resinoid from ipecac-root; it is emetic, 
 diaphoretic, and expectorant. Emetic dose 
 \~\ g r - (0.008-0.016 Gm.); expectorant, 
 lo-p g r - (0.001-0.002 Gm.). 
 
 Emetism {em'-et-izm) [see Emesis]. Poison- 
 ing from undue use of ipecac, manifested 
 by acute inflammation of the pylorus, at- 
 tended with hyperemesis and diarrhea and 
 in some instances with paroxysms of coughing 
 and asthmatic suffocation. 
 
 Emetized {em' -et-izd) . 1. Prepared with tartar 
 emetic. 2. Nauseated. 
 
 Emetocathartic {em-et-o-kath-ar'-tik) [emesis; 
 cathartic]. Having power to induce vomiting 
 and purgation. 
 
 Eminence {em h -in-ens) [eminentia, an emi- 
 nence]. A projecting, prominent part of an 
 organ, especially of a bone. E., Arcuate, 
 a round protuberance on the upper aspect 
 of the petrosa, marking the location of the 
 superior semicircular canal. Syn., Jugum 
 petrosum. E., Articular, the projection upon 
 the zygomatic process which marks the ante- 
 rior boundary of the glenoid fossa. E., Audi- 
 tory. See Auditory Eminence. E., Canine. 
 See Canine Eminence. E., Collateral, a pro- 
 jection in the lateral ventricle of the brain be- 
 tween the middle and posterior horns. E. of 
 Doyfcre. See Doyere's Eminence. E., Frontal, 
 the two eminences of the frontal bone' above the 
 superciliary ridges. E., Iliopectinealj a 
 ridge on the upper surface of the pubic bone. 
 E., Median, the anterior pyramids. E., 
 Nasal, the prominence above the root of 
 the nose, between the superciliary ridges. 
 E., Occipital, i. The ridge in the paracele 
 corresponding to the occipital fissure, distinct 
 in the fetus. 2. See Occipital Protuberance, 
 External. E., Parietal, the eminence of 
 the parietal bone. E., Posterior Portal, the 
 caudate lobe of the liver. E. of the Scapha, 
 one on the dorsal aspect of the external ear 
 corresponding to the scapha. E., Supra- 
 condylar, that formed by the internal or 
 external epicondyles. E., Thenar, the emi- 
 nence on the palm at the base of the thumb. 
 
 Eminentia {em-in-en' -she-ali) [L.]. An emi- 
 nence. E. acustica, the auditory eminence. 
 E. caudata, an isthmus connecting the 
 spigelian lobe with the under surface of 
 the right lobe of the liver. E. collateralis. 
 See Eminence, Collateral. E. cuneatus, 
 a slight swelling of the internal funicle near 
 the eminence of the clava; it contains the 
 internal cuneate nucleus. E. gracilis. See 
 Pyramid, Posterior. E. hepatis caudata, 
 E. hepatis longitudinalis, E. hepatis 
 radiata, the lobus caudata, the spigelian lobe 
 
EMISSARY 
 
 382 
 
 EMULSIVE 
 
 of the liver. Eminentiae longitudinales. 
 See E. caudata. E. mandibularis, a bony 
 protuberance of the inner surface of the skull, 
 beneath the fossa mandibularis. 
 
 Emissary (em'-is-a-re) [emittere, to send forth]. 
 i. An outlet. 2. Furnishing an outlet. E. 
 Veins, small veins piercing the skull and 
 conveying blood outward. 
 
 Emmenagog, Emmenagogue (em-en' -ag-og) 
 \efilirjva, the menses; dycoyoc, leading], 1. 
 Stimulating the menstrual flow. 2. An agent 
 that stimulates the menstrual flow. E., 
 Direct, one acting directly on the generative 
 organs. E., Indirect, one acting by relieving 
 an underlying condition, as anemia, consti- 
 pation, etc. 
 
 Emmet's Operation. Trachelorrhaphy; su- 
 turing of the neck of the womb. 
 
 Emmetropia (em-et-ro'-pe-ah) [iv, in; pterpov, 
 a measure; axp, the eye]. Normal or perfect 
 vision. The state of an eye in which, when 
 accommodation is suspended, parallel rays of 
 light are brought to a focus upon the retina. 
 
 Emmetropic (em-et-rop'-ik) [see Emmetropia]. 
 Characterized by emmetropia.. 
 
 Emol (e'-mol) [emollire, to soften]. A fine 
 powder composed of talc, silica, alumin- 
 ium, and a trace of lime, miscible with 
 water, and used as paste in the treatment of 
 various forms of hyperkeratosis. 
 
 Emollient (e-mol'-yent) [see Emol]. 1. Soften- 
 ing; relaxing; soothing. 2. A substance used 
 by external application to soften the skin; or, 
 internally, to soothe an irritated or inflamed 
 surface. 
 
 Emotional (e-mo'-shun-al) [emovere, to move 
 out]. Pertaining to the emotions. E. In- 
 sanity, insanity characterized by exaggera- 
 tion of the emotions or feelings. 
 
 Emphysatherapy (em - fiz - ah - ther' - ap - e) 
 [ifufiuoav, to inflate; therapy]. The therapeu- 
 tic injection of gas into a body -cavity. 
 
 Emphysema (em-fiz-e' -mah) [ifufruoav, to inflate]. 
 A condition in which there is air or gas in 
 normally airless tissues or an excess of air 
 in tissues normally containing a certain 
 quantity of it. E., Atrophic, senile emphy- 
 sema of the lung, characterized by a diminu- 
 tion in the size of the lung. E., Compensa- 
 tory, E., Complementary, E., Essential, 
 pulmonary emphysema due to defective ex- 
 pansion of some other area of the lung 
 in consequence of which the affected alveoli 
 have assumed the function of a number of 
 others and give way under the pressure. 
 E., Cutaneous, the presence of air or gas 
 in the connective tissues beneath the skin, 
 usually of the face. E., Gangrenous. See 
 ■ Edema, Malignant. E., Hypertrophic. See 
 E., Pulmonary. E., Interstitial, the presence 
 of gas in the connective tissue of a part, 
 particularly in the connective tissue of the 
 lung. E., Pulmonary, a condition of the 
 lungs characterized by a permanent dilation 
 of the alveoli with atrophy of the alveolar 
 walls and the blood-vessels, resulting in a 
 loss of the normal elasticity of the lung 
 
 tissue. It is associated with dyspnea, with 
 hacking cough and defective aeration of the 
 blood. The chest becomes round or barrel- 
 shaped, the right side of the heart hyper- 
 trophies, the abdominal viscera are displaced 
 downward. The causes are a lessened re- 
 sistance on the part of the lung, which may 
 be inherited or acquired, and a distending 
 force, which is usually expiratory in character, 
 and consists in chronic cough, the blowing 
 of wind-instruments, or other labor throwing 
 a strain on the respiratory function. E., 
 Subcutaneous. See E., Cutaneous. E., Sub- 
 stantial. Synonym of E., Pulmonary. E., 
 Vesicular, that due to dilation of the air- 
 vesicles. 
 
 Empiric (em-pir'-ik) [kjxnetpcKoc, experienced]. 
 1. Based on practical observation and not 
 on scientific reasoning. 2. One who in 
 practising medicine relies solely on experience 
 and hot on scientific reasoning; a quacks 
 
 Empis' "Granulie." Acute miliary tubercu- 
 losis of the lungs. 
 
 Emplastic (em-plas' '-tik) \ep.7z\aoTCKbc, clogging]. 
 1. Suitable for a plaster. 2. A constipating 
 medicine. 
 
 Emplastration (em-plas -tra! -shun) [emplas- 
 trum]. The act of applying a plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum (em-plas' -trum) [L.]. A plaster 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Empodistic (em-pod-is' -tik) [i/modt^ecv, to 
 hinder]. 1. Checking; preventing. 2. A 
 preventive remedy. 
 
 Emprosthotonos (em-pros-thot'-o-nos) \e/i- 
 npoodev, forward; zovog, tension]. Tonic mus- 
 cular spasm in which the body is bent forward. 
 
 Emprosthozygosis (em - pros - tho - zi - go'- sis) 
 [epxpooOev, forward; ^uyouv, to join]. The 
 condition of conjoined twins in which the 
 fusion is anterior. 
 
 Empusa (em-poo' -zah) \lp.nouaa, a hobgoblin], 
 A genus of fungi parasitic on living insects 
 and causing their death. 
 
 Empyema (em-pi-e'-mah) [iv, in; nbov, pus]. 
 Pus in a cavity, especially in the pleural 
 cavity. E. necessitatis, an empyema in 
 which the pus burrows between the inter- 
 costal spaces and appears as a subcutaneous 
 tumor. E., Pulsating, one that transmits 
 the pulsations of the heart to the chest-wall. 
 
 Empyreuma (em-pi-ru'-mah) [ep-TiOpeufia, a 
 heating; a burnt flavor]. The odor developed 
 in organic matter by destructive distillation. 
 
 Emulsify (e-mul'-se-fi) [see Emulsion]. To 
 make into an emulsion. 
 
 Emulsin (e-mul'-sin) [see Emulsion], A pro- 
 teid ferment contained in bitter almonds. It 
 aids in emulsifying almond oil, and, by its 
 action on amygdalin, liberates hydrocyanic 
 acid. 
 
 Emulsion (e-muV -shun) [emulsum, an emul- 
 sion], A preparation consisting of a liquid, 
 usually water, containing an insoluble sub- 
 stance in suspension. 
 
 Emulsive (e-mul'-siv) [see Emulsion]. 1 . Form- 
 ing or readily entering into an emulsion. 2, 
 Affording oil on pressure, as certain seeds. 
 
EMULSUM 
 
 383 
 
 ENCEPHALOMENINGITIS 
 
 Exrmlsum {e-mul'-sum) [L.]. An emulsion. 
 The following emulsions are official: E. 
 amygdala, E. asafcetida, E. chloroformi, E. 
 olei morrhuce, E. olei morrhuce cum hypo- 
 phosphitibus, E. olei terebinthince. 
 
 Emunctory {e - munk' - tor - e) [emungere, to 
 blow the nose; to wipe out], i. Excretory; 
 removing waste-products. 2. An organ that 
 excretes waste-materials. 
 
 Emundans, Emundant {e-mun'-danz, -dant) 
 [emundare, to clean out]. Cleansing and 
 disinfectant; applied to certain washes. 
 
 Emundantia, Emundants {e-mun-dan' -she-ah, 
 e-mun' -dants) [see Emundans]. Detergents. 
 
 Emundation {e-mun-da' -shun) [see Emundans], 
 The rectification of drugs. 
 
 Emusculate (e-mus' '-ku-lat) [e, out; musculus, 
 a muscle]. Without muscles. 
 
 Enadelphia {en-ah-deV -fe-ah) . See Inclusion, 
 Fetal. 
 
 Enamel {en-am' -eT) [ME., enamaile]. The 
 vitreous substance of the crown of the 
 tooth. E. -column, E. -fiber, E. -prism, 
 E.-rod, any one of the minute, six-sided 
 prisms of which the enamel of a tooth is 
 composed. E. -organ, the ectodermic epithe- 
 lial cap or process from which the enamel 
 of a tooth is developed. 
 
 Enantesis {en-an-te' -sis) [ivavrioc, opposite]. 
 The approximation of ascending and descend- 
 ing blood-vessels. 
 
 Enanthem {en-an' -them) [iv, in; avdy/jia, 
 bloom]. An eruption on an internal mucous 
 membrane. 
 
 Enanthotoxin, (Enanthotoxin [e-nan-tho- 
 toks'-in), C l7 H 22 5 . A poisonous resinoid 
 contained in (Enanihe crocata. It acts as 
 does picrotoxin in producing violent convul- 
 sions. 
 
 Enanthrope {en-an' -thr op) [iv, in; avdpcoxoc, 
 man]. A source of disease originating in- 
 ternally. 
 
 Enantiobiosis {en-an-ti-o-bi-o' -sis) [ivavrhc, 
 opposite; (Hoc, life]. Commensalism in 
 which the associated organisms are an- 
 tagonistic to each other's development. 
 
 Enantiopathic {en-an-te-op' -ath-ik) . 1. Pal- 
 liative. 2. Pertaining to enantiopathy. 
 
 Enantiopathy {en-an-te-op' -ath-e) [ivavrhc, 
 opposite; nadoc, disease]. A disease antag- 
 onistic to another disease. 
 
 Enarkyo chrome {en-ar' -ke-o-krom) [iv, in; 
 apKUC, a net; ;^od) ( ua, color]. Nissl's term for 
 a nerve-cell taking the stain best in the cell- 
 body, the formed part of which is arranged 
 in the shape of a network. 
 
 Enarthrodial {en -ar- thro' -de -at) [enarthro- 
 sis]. Having the character of an enar- 
 throsis. 
 
 Enarthrosis {en-ar -thro' '-sis) [iv, in; apdpov, a 
 joint]. A ball-and-socket joint, like that of 
 the hip. 
 
 Enarthrum {en-ar' -thrum) [see Enarthrosis]. 
 A foreign body lodged in a joint. 
 
 Encanthis {en-kan' -this) [iv, in; kovQoc, 
 canthus]. A newgrowth in the inner canthus 
 of the eye. 
 
 Encapsulation {en-kap-su-la' -shun) [iv, in; 
 capsula, a capsule]. The process of sur- 
 rounding a part with a capsule. 
 
 Encelitis, Enccelitis {en-se-W -Us) [iv, in; 
 KocX'ca, belly; czcc, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the abdominal viscera. 
 
 Encephalalgia {en-sef-al-al'-je-ah) [encephalon; 
 alyoc, pain]. Pain in the head. E. hydro- 
 pica, hydrocephalus. 
 
 Encephalanalosis {en - sef -al-an-al - 0'- sis) 
 [encephalon; avaXujoic, a wasting away]. 
 Cerebral atrophy. 
 
 Encephalasthenia {en - sef -al-as- the'- ne -ah) 
 [encephalon; asthenia]. Althaus' term for the 
 cerebral form of neurasthenia. 
 
 Encephalauxe {en-sef-al-awks' -e) [encephalon; 
 au$7), increase]. Hypertrophy of the brain.' 
 
 Encephaledema {en - sef - al - e - de' - mah) 
 [encephalon; edema]. Edema of the brain. 
 
 Encephalelcosis {en-sef -al- el- ko' -sis) [en- 
 cephalon; helcosis]. Ulceration of the brain. 
 
 Encephalemia {en-sef-al-e' -me-ah) . See Enceph- 
 alohemia. 
 
 Encephalic {en-sef-al' -ik) [encephalon]. Per- 
 taining to the brain. 
 
 Encephalitis {en-sef-al-i' -tis) [encephalon; txtc, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the brain. 
 E. neonatorum (Virchow), localized soft- 
 ening consisting of numerous yellow spots sur- 
 rounded by hemorrhage; these occur most 
 commonly in the brains of syphilitic infants. 
 
 Encephalo- {en-sef-al-o-) [encephalon]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to the encephalon or brain. 
 
 Encephalocele {en-sef -al-o-sel) [encephalo-; 
 ktjXt), hernia]. Hernia of the brain. 
 
 Encephalocele.— {Moullin.) 
 
 Encephalodialysis {en -se}-al-o-di- al'-is - is) 
 [encephalo-; oca, through; Xbecv, to loose]. 
 Softening of the brain. 
 
 Encephalohemia {en-sef-al-o-he' -me-ah) [en- 
 cephalo-; alfia, blood]. Congestion of the 
 brain. 
 
 Encephaloid {en-sef -al-oid) [encephalo-; elooc, 
 like], 1. Resembling brain tissue. 2. Soft 
 carcinoma. See Carcinoma, Encephaloid. 
 
 Encephaloma {en-sef-al-o' -mah) [encephalo-; 
 op.a, tumor]. A tumor of the brain. 
 
 Encephalomalacia {en-sef -al-o-mal-a' -she-ah) 
 [encephalo-; (xaXan'ca, softening]. Softening 
 of the brain-substance. 
 
 Encephalomeningitis {en-sef '-al-o-men-in-ji'- 
 tis) [encephalo-; meninges; czcc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Combined inflammation of the brain 
 and membranes. 
 
ENCEPHALOMENINGOCELE 
 
 384 
 
 ENDOCARDITIS 
 
 Encephalomeningocele (en-sef -al-o-men-in 1 '- 
 go-set) [encephalo-; meningocele]. Hernia" of 
 the membranes and brain-substance. 
 
 Encephalomyelitis (en - sef - al-o-mi-el-i' -tis) . 
 Encephalitis combined with myelitis. 
 
 Encephalon (en-sef -al-on) [ifKecfraXoc, brain]. 
 The brain. 
 
 Encephalopathy (en-sef -al-op' -ath-e) [encepha- 
 lo-; izadoc, disease]. Any disease of the brain. 
 
 Encephalopyosis (en-sef -al-o-pi-o' -sis) [enceph- 
 alo-; pyosis]. Abscess of the brain. 
 
 Encephalorachidian, Encephalorrhachidian 
 (en-sef -al-o-ra-kid f -e-an, en-sef -al-or-ra-kid' -e- 
 an). Same as Cerebrospinal. 
 
 Encephalo scopy (en-sef -al-os'-ko-pe) [encepha- 
 lo-; o/conelv, to examine]. Examination of 
 the brain. 
 
 Encephalosepsis (en-sef-al-o-sep f -sis) [en- 
 - cephalo-; ofjtfxc, decay]. Gangrene of the 
 tissue of the brain. 
 
 Encephalosis (en-sef -al-o' -sis). The formation 
 of an encephaloma. 
 
 Encephalospinal (en - sef - al - o - spi' - nal) 
 [encephalo-; spina, the spine]. Pertaining 
 to the brain and spinal cord. 
 
 Encephalothlipsis (en - sef - al - o - thlip' - sis) 
 [encephalo-; dXecJiec, pressure]. Pressure on 
 the brain. 
 
 Enchondral (en-kon'-dral). See Endochondral. 
 
 Enchondroma (en-kon-dro'-mali) [iv, in; 
 Xovdpoc, cartilage; bpta, tumor]. A chon- 
 droma. 
 
 Enchondrosarcoma (en-kon-dro-sar-ko f -mah) . 
 Sarcoma containing cartilaginous tissue. 
 
 Enchylema (en-ki-le' -mah) [iv, in; %v%bc, 
 juice]. A fluid, granular substance filling 
 the interstices of the cell-body and the 
 nucleus. 
 
 Enchyma (en'-ke-mah) [ijxtev, to pour in]. 
 An organic juice elaborated from chyme, 
 the formative juice of tissues. 
 
 Encolpism, Encolpismus (en-hoV '-pizm, en- 
 kol-piz' -mus) [iv, in; K.6Xizo£, the vagina], i. 
 A vaginal suppository. 2. Medication by 
 vaginal suppositories. 
 
 Encyesis (en-si-e' -sis) [iyKUfjoec]. Pregnancy. 
 
 Encysted (en-sisf -ed) [kv, in; nuaxec, a cyst]. 
 Inclosed in a cyst or capsule. 
 
 End [ME., ende]. The terminal point of a 
 thing. E. -artery, one that does not com- 
 municate with other arteries. E.-body, 
 Wassermann's term for that substance which 
 kills the bacteria in the production of im- 
 munity to typhoid. Cf. Body, Immune. 
 E.-bud, E.-bulb, the terminal bulb of a 
 nerve in the skin. E. -organ, the terminal 
 part of a sensory nerve-fiber. E. -organs, 
 Ruffini's, small bodies found in the skin 
 where pacinian corpuscles exist; they are 
 made up of the terminal arborizations of a 
 nerve and a fibrous framework. E. -plate. 
 1. The expanded terminal of a motor nerve 
 upon a bundle of muscular fibers. 2. The 
 achromatic masses at the poles of the spindle 
 in karyokinesis of Protozoa. E. -plate, Mo- 
 torial Nerve. See Motorial End-plate. 
 
 Endangium (end-an' -je-um) [endo-; ayytlov, 
 
 The intima or inmost coat of a blood- 
 
 a-or-ti'-tis) [endo-; aorta; exec, 
 Inflammation of the intima 
 
 vessel]. 
 
 vessel. 
 
 Endaortitis 
 
 inflammation]. 
 of the aorta. 
 
 Endarterial (end-ar-te' -re-al) . Within an artery. 
 
 Endarteritis (end-ar-ter-i'-.is) [endo-; dpxrjpea, 
 artery; exec, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the inner coat of an artery. E., Oblit- 
 erating, arteritis obliterans, a form in which 
 the production of new connective tissue oblit- 
 erates the vessel-lumen. 
 
 Endaxoneuron (en-daks-o-nu'-ron) [endo-; axo- 
 neuron]. A neuron whose nerve-process does 
 not leave the spinal cord; the endaxoneurons 
 include the column cells and the internal 
 cells. 
 
 Endectoplastic (end -ek-to- plas f - tik) [endo-; 
 kicxoc, outward; nXaaaeev, to form]. Applied 
 to cells which form tissue by a metamorphosis 
 of the protoplasm at both the periphery and 
 the center. 
 
 Endemic (en-dem f -ik) [iv, in; dv/ioc, a people]. 
 Of a disease, found in a certain place more 
 or less constantly. 
 
 Endemoepidemic (en - dem - o - ep-e-dem' - ik) . 
 Endemic, but periodically becoming epidemic. 
 
 Endermic (en-der' -mik) [iv, in; dip/xa, the 
 skin]. Situated on or applied to the true 
 skin; within the skin. E. Medication, a 
 method of administering medicines through 
 the skin after removal of the cuticle by means 
 of a blister. 
 
 Endermosis (en-der -mo' -sis) [see Endermic]. 
 1. A method of administering medicines 
 through the skin by rubbing. 2. Any her- 
 petic affection of a mucosa. 
 
 Endo- (en-do-) [svoov, within], A prefix 
 meaning within. 
 
 Endoabdominal (en-do-ab-dom' -in-al) . Within 
 the abdomen. 
 
 Endoaortitis (en-do-a-or-ti' -tis) . See End- 
 aortitis. 
 
 Endoappendicitis (en-do-ap-en-dis-i'-tis) [endo-; 
 appendicitis]. Inflammation of the mucosa 
 of the vermiform appendix. 
 
 Endoauscultation (en-do-aws-kul-ta f -shun) 
 
 [endo-; auscultare, to listen to]. A method of 
 auscultation by means of an esophageal tube 
 passed into the stomach. 
 
 Endoblast (en' '-do-blast) [endo-; [jXaoxoc, a 
 germ]. The cell-nucleus; the internal 
 blastema. 
 
 Endoblastic (en-do-blas'-tik) [see Endoblast]. 1 . 
 Having an endoblast or nucleus. 2. Pertain- 
 ing to the nucleus. 
 
 Endobronchitis (en-do-brong-ki' '-tis) [endo-; 
 bronchitis]. Inflammation of the bronchial 
 mucosa. 
 
 Endocardiac, Endocardial (en-do-kar'-de-ak, 
 -de-al) [endocardium]. Situated or arising 
 within the heart. 
 
 Endocarditis (en - do - kar - di r - tis) [endocar- 
 dium; exec, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the endocardium or lining membrane of 
 the heart. The condition may be acute 
 or chronic. Acute endocarditis is either 
 
ENDOCARDIUM 
 
 385 
 
 ENDOSEPSIS 
 
 1 
 
 warty or ulcerative, both of these being 
 microorganismal in origin. The most 
 frequent causes of the acute form are 
 rheumatism and the infectious fevers. 
 The disease usually affects the valves of the 
 left side of the heart, and gives rise to a 
 murmur, to fever, dyspnea, and rapid pulse. 
 In the ulcerative forms the symptoms resem- 
 ble those of pyemia (hectic fever, chills, 
 sweats, embolic processes). Chronic or 
 sclerotic endocarditis is either a terminal 
 process following the acute forms, or is a 
 primary affection beginning insidiously. The 
 latter is usually associated with general arte- 
 riosclerosis, and is due to gout, rheumatism, 
 alcoholism, syphilis, and to other obscure 
 causes. Both the acute and the chronic form 
 give rise to insufficiency or obstruction of the 
 valvular orifice, or to both combined. 
 
 Endocardium {en - do - kar' - de - urn) [endo-; 
 Kapdca, the heart]. The serous membrane 
 lining the interior of the heart. • 
 
 Endocervicitis {en-do -ser-vis-i' -tis) [endo-; 
 cervix, neck; tree, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the lining membrane of the cervix 
 uteri. 
 
 Endochondral {en-do-kon'-dral) [endo-; xovopoc, 
 cartilage]. Situated within a cartilage. 
 
 Endocolitis {en-do-ko-W -tis) . See Colitis. 
 
 Endocomplements {en-do-kom! -ple-ments) . A 
 class of intracellular complements. 
 
 Endocranial {en-do-kra'-ne-al). i. Relating 
 to the endocranium. 2. See Intracranial. 
 
 Endocranium {en - do - kra r - ne - um) [endo-; 
 upav'cov, the skull]. 1. The cerebral dura. 
 2. The inner surface of the skull. 
 
 Endocular {end-ok' '-u-lar) . Intraocular. 
 
 Endocytic {en-do-sit 1 '-ik) [endo-; kutoc, a cell]. 
 Relating to the contents of a cell. 
 
 Endoderm {en' - do - derm) [endo-; depixa, 
 skin]. The inner of the two primitive cell- 
 layers of the embryo. It lines the cavity of 
 the primitive intestine and its derivatives. 
 Syn., Hypoblast. See Blastoderm. 
 
 Endodermal, Endodermic {en-do-derm' -al, 
 -ik). Relating to the endoderm; applied to 
 structures originating in the lower layers of 
 the derma, as dentin. 
 
 Endodiascopy {en -do - di - as' -ko- pe) [endo-; 
 d'ea, through; okotzs'cv, to examine]. Explora- 
 tion by means of a Crookes tube introduced 
 into a natural body-cavity. 
 
 Endoesophagitis {en-do-e-sof-aj-i' -tis) [endo-; 
 esophagitis]. Inflammation of the membrane 
 lining the esophagus. 
 
 Endoexoteric {en - do - eks - - ter' - ik) [endo-; 
 k^ojxepcudg, external]. Applied to a disease 
 the origin of which is both endopathic and 
 exopathic. 
 
 Endogenesis, Endogeny {en-do-jen'-e-sis, en- 
 do j'-en-e) [endo-; yheacc, production]. 
 Growth within; endogenous formation. 
 
 Endogenous {en -do]' -en -us) [see Endogenesis]. 
 Produced within. Applied to spore-formation 
 or cell-formation inside of a parent -cell. 
 
 Endoglobular {en - do - glob' - u - lar) [endo-; 
 globus, a ball]. Within the blood-corpuscles. 
 26 
 
 Endolaryngeal {en-do-lar-in'-je-al) [endo-; 
 larynx]. Within the larynx. 
 
 Endolemma {en - do -lent' - ah). Synonym of 
 Neurilemma. 
 
 Endo lymph . {en' - do - Urn}) [endo-; lympha, 
 water]. The fluid of the membranous laby- 
 rinth of the ear. 
 
 Endomastoiditis {en - do - mas - toid - i' - tis) 
 [endo-; mastoiditis]. Inflammation within the 
 mastoid cavity. 
 
 Endometrectomy {en - do - met - rek' - to - me) 
 [endometrium; e/cro/z)}, a cutting out]. The ex- 
 tirpation of the entire mucosa of the uterus 
 through the abdomen and incised uterus. 
 
 Endometritis {en - do - me - tri' - tis) [endo- 
 metrium; mc, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the endometrium. E., Cervical. See 
 Endocervicitis. E. dissecans, E., Dissect- 
 ing, E. exfoliativa. See Dysmenorrhea, 
 Membranous. E. dolorosa, painful spasms 
 or continuous pain in the region of the 
 uterus, believed to be due to an inflammatory 
 lesion of the uterine mucosa localized in the 
 fundus at the internal orifice and opening 
 of the tubes. E., Fungous, that in which 
 the lining membrane is hypertrophied, with 
 the formation of vascular granulations. 
 Syn., Hemorrhagic endometritis. E., Hem- 
 orrhagic. See E., Fungous. E., Sim- 
 ple, a catarrhal inflammation of the endome- 
 trium. 
 
 Endometrium {en - do - me' - tre - um) [endo-; 
 [lijxpa, uterus]. The mucous membrane lin- 
 ing the uterus. 
 
 Endomysium {en - do - miz' - e - um) [endo-; 
 fiuf, muscle]. The connective tissue between 
 the fibrils of a muscular bundle. 
 
 Endoneuritis {en-do-nu-ri'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the endoneurium. 
 
 Endoneurium {en - do - nu' - re - um) [endo-; 
 veupov, a nerve]. The delicate connective 
 tissue holding together the fibrils of a bundle 
 of nerves. 
 
 Endoparasite {en - do - par' - as - it) [endo-; 
 Tiapaoczoc, parasite]. A parasite living within 
 its host. 
 
 Endopathy {en-do p' -ath-e) [endo-; rzadoc, dis- 
 ease]. Any disease arising within the body. 
 
 Endoperiarteritis {en -do- per -e- ar-ter-i'-tis) . 
 Endarteritis combined with periarteritis. 
 
 Endoperitonitis {en-do-per-it-on-i' -tis) [endo-; 
 peritonitis]. Synonym of Peritonitis. 
 
 Endophlebitis {en-do-fle-bi'-tis) [endo-; phle- 
 bitis]. Inflammation of the inner coat of a 
 vein. 
 
 Endoplasm {en'-do-plazm) [endo-; Tz\aop.a, 
 a thing formed]. The inner granular proto- 
 plasm of a protozoan or of a histologic cell. 
 
 Endorhinitis {en-do -ri-ni' -tis) [endo-; rhinitis]. 
 Inflammation of the membrane lining the 
 nasal passages. 
 
 Endoscope {en' - do - skop) [endo-; okoksIv, 
 to observe]. An instrument for the examina- 
 tion of a body-cavity through its natural 
 outlet. 
 
 Endosepsis {en-do-sep' -sis) [endo-; oijtfcc, de- 
 cay]. Septicemia arising within the body. 
 
ENDOSKELETON 
 
 386 
 
 ENTACOUSTIC 
 
 Endoskeleton (en - do - skel' - et - on) [endo-; 
 oneXerbv, a dry body]. The internal support- 
 ing structure of an animal. 
 
 Endosmic (en-do s' -mik) . Relating to endos- 
 mosis. 
 
 Endosmometer (en - dos - mom' -et- er) [endos- 
 mosis; pkzpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
 measuring endosmosis. 
 
 Endosmosis (en-do s-mo' -sis) [endo-; <hop.bg, 
 impulsion]. The passage of a liquid through 
 a porous septum from without inward. 
 
 Endosmotic (en-do s -mot' -ik) [see Endosmosis']. 
 Pertaining to endosmosis. E. Equivalent, 
 the weight of distilled water that passes into 
 the flask of the endosmometer in exchange for 
 a known weight of the soluble substance. 
 
 Endospore (en' - do - spor) [endo-; cnzbpoc, 
 seed]. A spore formed within the parent- 
 cell. 
 
 Endosteitis (end-os-te-i'-tis). See Osteomyelitis. 
 
 Endostethoscope (en-do-steth'-o-skop) [endo-; 
 stethoscope]. A form of stethoscope for aus- 
 cultation through the esophagus. 
 
 Endosteum (end-os'-te-um) [endo-; boriov, 
 bone]. The vascular membranous layer of 
 connective tissue lining the medullary cavity 
 of bones. 
 
 Endothelial (en-do -the' -le-al) [endothelium]. 
 Pertaining to endothelium. 
 
 Endotheliolysin (en-do -the-le-ol' '-is-in) [endo- 
 thelium; Xbacc, a loosing]. A cytotoxin 
 endowed with the capacity of dissolving 
 endothelial cells. Syn., Hemorrhagin. 
 
 Endothelioma (en-do -the-le-o' -mah) [endotheli- 
 um; opa, a tumor]. A variety of sarcoma 
 formed by the multiplication of the endothe- 
 lial cells of lymphatic spaces. 
 
 Endotheliomyoma (en-do-the-li-o-mi-o'-mah) . 
 A myoma springing from endothelium. 
 
 Endotheliotoxin (en-do-the-le-o-toks'-in) . See 
 Endotheliolysin. 
 
 Endothelium (en-do-the' -le-um) [endo-; dr)Xi), 
 a nipple]. The lining membrane of serous, 
 synovial, and other internal surfaces. E., 
 Subepithelial. See Membrane, Debove's. 
 E., Vascular, that lining the heart -cavities, 
 the blood-vessels, and lymph-vessels. 
 
 Endothoracic (en-do-tho-ras'-ik) [endo-; thorax]. 
 Situated or occurring within the thorax. 
 
 Endotome (en'-do-tom) [endo-; ripvecv, to cut]. 
 Strong shears used in decapitation of the 
 fetus. 
 
 Endotoscope (en-do' -to-skop) [endo-; ouc;, 
 the ear; okotze'cv, to view]. An apparatus 
 designed for examination of the ear and for 
 rendering visible the movements of the tym- 
 panum. 
 
 Endotoxin (en-do-toks' -in) [endo-; xo^ckov, a 
 poison]. A toxin found within the organism. 
 
 Endotracheitis (en -do - trak - e - i' - tis) [endo-; 
 tracheitis]. Inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the trachea. 
 
 Endotrachelitis (en-do-trak-el-i'-tis). See En- 
 docervicitis . 
 
 Endovenous (en-do-ve'-nus). See Intravenous. 
 E. Medication, the introduction of medica- 
 ments in solution into the veins. 
 
 Enema (en'-em-ah) [iv, in; Uvac, to send]. 
 A rectal injection for therapeutic or nutritive 
 purposes. See Alimentation, Rectal, and Clys- 
 ter. 
 
 Energid (en-er'-jid) [ivepyelv, to execute]. 
 Sachs' term for the cell-nucleus and the cyto- 
 plasm lying within its sphere of influence. 
 
 Energy (en'-er-je) [iv, in; epyov, work]. 
 The capacity for doing work. All forms of 
 energy are mutually convertible one into the 
 other, without loss, a principle expressed in 
 the term "conservation of energy." E., 
 Kinetic, the power of a body in motion. E., 
 Latent, E., Potential, the power possessed 
 by a body at rest, by virtue of its position, 
 as the potential energy of a suspended 
 weight. 
 
 Engelmann's Intermediate Disc. See 
 Membrane, Krause's. E.'s Lateral Disc, the 
 narrow zone of transparent homogeneous sub- 
 stance lying on each side of Krause's mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Englobing (en-glo'-bing) [iv, in; globus, a 
 globe]. The taking in of an object by a 
 monad, ameba, or phagocyte. 
 
 Engorged (en-gorjd') [see Engorgement], Con- 
 gested. 
 
 Engorgement (en-gorj'-ment) [Ft., engorge- 
 ment, a choking up]. Overdistention of the 
 vessels of a part with blood. 
 
 Enhemospores (en-he' -mo- sp or s) [iv,-m; alpa, 
 blood; oizbpoc, a spore]. Ray Lankester's 
 name for the first spores of the malarial 
 parasite produced within the human body. 
 
 T£rika.t&rTh&phy(en-kat-ar'-af-e)[iyKazappa.nx£cv, 
 to sew in]. The method of sewing the two 
 sides of a furrow together to bury an epithe- 
 lial structure. 
 
 Enneurosis (en-u-ro' -sis) [iv, in; veupov, a 
 nerve]. Innervation. 
 
 Enophthalmin (en-of-thal'-min). Oxytoluyl- 
 methylvinyldiacetonalkamin hydro chlorate. A 
 substance closely allied to eucain; it is used 
 as a mydriatic in 2 to 5 % solution. 
 
 Enophthalmos (en - of - thai' - mos) [iv, in; 
 bfydaXpbc, the eye]. Recession of the eyeball 
 into the orbit. 
 
 Enorchismus (en-or-kis'-mus). - See Cryptor- 
 chidism. 
 
 Enostosis (en-os-to'-sis) [iv, in; boxkov, bone]. 
 A tumor or bony outgrowth within the 
 medullary canal of a bone. 
 
 Ensellure (ahn-sel-yur') [Ft.]. The strongly 
 marked curve of the dorsolumbosacral region; 
 saddleback. It is especially marked among 
 Spanish women. 
 
 Ensiform (en'-sif-orm) [ensis, a sword; forma, 
 form]. Shaped like a sword. E. Appendix, 
 E. Cartilage, the cartilaginous process at the 
 lower extremity of the sternum. 
 
 Ensomphalus (en-som'-fal-us) [iv, in; aojpa, 
 body; SpcpaXbf, navel]. A double monstros- 
 ity with practically complete and functionat- 
 ing organs, but united with a more or less 
 superficial bond. 
 
 Entacoustic (ent-ak-oos'-tik) [entos; daouecv, 
 to hear]. Applied to subjective auditory 
 
ENTAD 
 
 387 
 
 ENTEROL 
 
 sensations having their origin within the ear 
 or in its vicinity. 
 
 Entad {en' -tad) [see Ental], From without in- 
 ward; toward a center; the opposite of 
 ectad. 
 
 Ental {en' -tat) [kvTbc, within]. A surface, 
 aspect, or structure farther from the per- 
 iphery or nearer the center than that with 
 which it is contrasted; the opposite of ectal. 
 
 Entencephalic {ent-en-sef-al'-ik) [entos; en- 
 cephalon]. Applied to sensations having 
 origin within the brain and not in the external 
 world. 
 
 Entepicondylar {ent-ep-e-kon' -dil-ar) [entos; 
 epicondyle]. Located at the inner aspect of 
 the epicondyle. 
 
 Entepicondyle {ent-ep-e-kon' -dit) [entos; epi- 
 condyle']. Owen's name for the internal con- 
 dyle of the humerus. 
 
 Enteque {ahn-ta'-ka) [Fr.]. A curious disease 
 of South American animals marked by the 
 occurrence of hard spines of bone in the 
 lungs. 
 
 Enteraden {ent-er-ah' -den) [entero-; dorp, a 
 gland; pi., enteradenes]. Any gland of the 
 intestinal tract. 
 
 Enteralgia {en-ter -al'-je-ah) [entero-; a'Apr, 
 pain]. Pain in the bowels. 
 
 Entera.ngiemphraxis{en-ter-an-ji-em-fraks'-is) 
 [entero-; ayye'tov, a vessel; 'ifi<j)pa$ic, a stop- 
 page]. Obstruction of the blood-vessels of the 
 intestine. 
 
 Enteratrophia {en-ter-at-ro' '-fe-ah) [entero-; 
 atrophy]. Intestinal atrophy. 
 
 Enterauxe {en-ter -awks'-e) [entero-; au$T), 
 growth]. Hypertrophy of the muscles of the 
 intestinal wall. 
 
 Enterectomy {en-ter-ek' '-to-me) [entero-; Ikzo{it], 
 excision]. Excision of a part of the intestine. 
 
 Enterembole {en-ter-em' -bo-le) [entero-; kp.fio)d}, 
 insertion]. Intussusception of the intestine. 
 
 Enteremia {en - ter - e' - me - ah) [entero-; aljia, 
 blood]. Intestinal congestion. 
 
 Enteremphraxis {en-ter-em-}raks' -is) [entero-; 
 'i/jic^pa^ic, a stoppage]. Intestinal obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Enterepiplocele {en-ter -ep-ip* '-lo-sel) [entero-; 
 en'citloov, caul; /cfjXr), hernia]. Hernia in 
 which both bowel and omentum are involved. 
 
 Enteric {en-ter'-ik) [evxepov, intestine]. Per- 
 taining to the intestine. E. Fever, typhoid 
 fever. 
 
 Enteritis {en-ter-i' -tis) [entero-; exec, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the intestine. 
 E., Chronic Cystic, that characterized by 
 the formation of cystic dilations of the in- 
 testinal glands due to stenosis of the mouths 
 of the gland. E., Diphtheric, E. diph- 
 therica, a form in which the mucosa is 
 covered by a flaky, whitish-gray deposit. E. 
 nodularis, that characterized by hyperplas- 
 tic enlargement of the lymph-nodules. E., 
 Phlegmonous, a secondary phenomenon 
 due to other intestinal diseases, particularly 
 carcinomas, ulcers of tuberculous, dysenteric, 
 and embolic origin, and occasionally to stran- 
 gulated hernia and intussusceptions. E. 
 
 polyposa, that characterized by polypoid 
 growths in the intestine resulting from pro- 
 liferation of the connective tissue. E., 
 Pseudomembranous, a nonfebrile affec- 
 tion of the intestinal mucous membrane 
 marked by periodic formation of viscous, 
 shreddy, or tubular ^exudates, composed 
 chiefly of mucin. 
 
 Entero- {en-ter -o-) [evxepov, intestine]. A pre- 
 fix denoting relation to the intestine. 
 
 Enteroanastomosis {en-te-ro-an-as-to-mo' -sis) . 
 Intestinal anastomosis. 
 
 Enterocele {en' -ter-o-sel) [entero-; ktj)^, her- 
 nia]. A hernia containing a loop of intestine. 
 
 Enteroceliac, Enterocoeliac {en - ter - o-se' - 
 le-ak) . Relating to the abdominal cavity. 
 
 Enterocholecystostomy {en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-tos'- 
 to-me). Same as Cholecystenter ostomy . 
 
 Enteroclysis {en-ter-ok' -lis-is) [entero-; kXugcc, 
 a drenching]. Injection of a large quantity 
 of fluid into the rectum to reach the small 
 intestine. 
 
 Enteroclysm {en' -ter-o-klizm) [entero-; K^uapta, 
 a clyster]. i. A rectal injection. 2. A 
 syringe. 
 
 Enterocoele {en' -ter-o-sel) [entero-; KocX'ca, a 
 cavity]. The abdominal cavity. 
 
 Enterocolitis {en-ter-o-ko-W -tis) [entero-; coli- 
 tis]. Inflammation of the small intestine and 
 of the colon. 
 
 Enteroconiosis, Enterokoniosis {en-ter-o-ko- 
 ne-o'-sis) [entero-; Kov'ca, dust]. Any gastro- 
 intestinal affection due to dust. 
 
 Enterocyst {en-ter' -o-sist) . An intestinal cyst. 
 
 Enterocystoma {en-ter -o-sist-o' -mah) [entero-; 
 cystoma]. A cystic tumor formed by the per- 
 sistence of a part of the vitelline duct, open- 
 ing neither externally nor into the intestinal 
 canal. 
 
 Enterocystoscheocele {en-ter-o-sist-os'-ke-o-sel) 
 [entero-; kOozcc, a bladder; ooxeov, the scro- 
 tum; K-qXt), hernia]. A hernia of the scrotum 
 containing both intestine and bladder. 
 
 Enterodialysis {en-ter -o-di-aV '-is-is) [entero-; 
 dialysis]. Complete division of an intestine 
 by injury. 
 
 Enteroenterostomy {en-ter-o-en-ter-os' -to-me) 
 [entero-; enterostomy]. The surgical for- 
 mation of a fistula between two intestinal 
 loops. 
 
 Enteroepiplocele {en-ter -o-e-pip' -lo-sel). See 
 Enterepiplocele. 
 
 Enterogastritis {en-ter-o-gas-tri'-tis) [entero-; 
 gastritis]. Inflammation of the stomach and 
 intestine. 
 
 Enterogenetic, Enterogenous {en-ter-o-jen- 
 et'-ik, en-ter -of -en-us) [entero-; yevvdv, to 
 produce]. Originating in the intestine. 
 
 Enterograph {en' ' -ter-o-graf) [entero-; ypd^ecv, to 
 write]. A myograph arranged for measuring 
 the movements of the intestine. 
 
 Enterokinase {en-ter-o-kin'-az) [entero-; klvIcv, 
 to move]. Pawlow's name for a ferment of 
 the succus entericus which awakens proteo- 
 lytic action. 
 
 Enterol {en'-ter-ol). A mixture of cresols used 
 as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15-75 g r « 
 
ENTEROLITH 
 
 388 
 
 ENTOTORRHEA 
 
 (1-5 Gm.) of a solution of 0.02 Gm. in 100 
 Cc. of water, daily. 
 
 Enterolith {en' -ter-o-lith) [entero-; X'cdoc, a 
 stone]. A concretion formed in the intestine. 
 
 Enteromere {en-ter 1 -o-mer) [entero-; fiipof, a 
 part]. One of the primitive transverse divi- 
 sions of the embryonic alimentary tract. 
 
 Enterometer {en-ter -om' -et-er) [entero-; ftez- 
 pov, a measure]. An instrument to measure 
 the lumen of the small intestine. 
 
 Enteromphalus {en-ter -om' -jal-us) [entero-; 
 ofufiaXoc, the navel]. An umbilical hernia of 
 intestine. 
 
 Enteromycosis {en-ter-o-mi-ko' -sis) [entero-; 
 mycosis']. Intestinal mycosis. 
 
 Enteromyiasis {en-ter -o-mi-i-a' -sis) [entero-; 
 fiu'ca, a fly]. Intestinal disease due to the 
 presence of the larvas of flies. 
 
 Enteroparalysis {en-ter-o-par-aV -is-is) [entero-; 
 paralysis']. Paralysis of the intestine. 
 
 Enteropathy {en - ter - op' - ath - e) [entero-; 
 Tiadoc, disease]. Any disease of the intestine. 
 
 Enteroplasty {en' - ter - o - plas - te) [entero-; 
 nXaooecv, to form]. A plastic operation upon 
 the intestine. 
 
 Enteroptosis {en-ter -o-to' '-sis) [entero-; Ttzwocf, 
 a fall]. Prolapse of the intestine. See Stiller 's 
 Sign. E., Landau's Form of, that due to 
 relaxation of the abdominal walls and pelvic 
 floor. 
 
 Enteropyra {en-ter -o-pi' -rah) [entero-; -.up, a 
 fire]. 1. Enteritis. 2. Typhoid fever. E. 
 asiatica, cholera. E. biliosa, bilious fever. 
 
 Enterorose {en' -ter -or -os). A dietetic recom- 
 mended in gastrointestinal catarrh; a yellow 
 powder miscible with water. Dose 2 dr. 
 (8 Gm.) several times daily. 
 
 Enterorrhagia {en-ter -or -af -e-ah) [entero-; 
 p-qyvuvat, to burst forth]. Intestinal hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 Enterorrhaphy {en-ter -or' -a- fe) [entero-; pa6rj, 
 suture]. Suture of the intestine. E., Cir- 
 cular, the suturing of a completely divided 
 intestine. 
 
 Enteroscheocele {en-ter-os' -ke-o-sel) [entero-; 
 ooxeov, scrotum; fcfjAy, hernia]. A scrotal her- 
 nia containing intestine. 
 
 Enteroscope {en'-ter-o-skop) [entero-; oKoizelv, 
 to examine]. An instrument for examining 
 the inside of the intestine by means of electric 
 light. 
 
 Enterospasm {en'-ter-o-spazm) [entero-; onaa- 
 p.6c, spasm]. Spasmodic colic. 
 
 Enterostomy {en-ter-os' -to-me) [entero-; ordfia, 
 mouth]. The formation of an artificial opening 
 into the intestine through the abdominal wall. 
 
 Enterotome {en'-ter-o-tom) [entero-; xkpjztv, 
 to cut]. An instrument for cutting open the 
 intestine. 
 
 Enterotomy {en-ter -ot' -o-me) [see Enterotome]. 
 Incision of the intestine. 
 
 Enterotoxismus {en-ter-o-toks-iz'-mus) [entero-; 
 to$ck6v, poison].- A pathologic condition due 
 to the action of microorganisms on food- 
 materials contained in the intestine. 
 
 Enterozoon {en-ter -o-zo' -on) [entero-; t^&ov, an 
 animal]. An animal parasite of the intestine. 
 
 Enteruria {en-ter -u' -r e-ah) [entero-; odpov, 
 urine]. The vicarious occurrence of urinary 
 constituents in the intestine. 
 
 Enthelioma {en-the-le-o' -mah) [ivroc, within; 
 sXkoc, an ulcer; o/xa, a tumor]. A compre- 
 hensive term including papilloma and ade- 
 noma. 
 
 Enthelminth {en-theV -minth) [kvxbc, within; 
 eXp.ivc, a worm]. A parasitic intestinal worm. 
 
 Enthetic {en-thef -ik) [evrcdkvac, to put in]. 
 Introduced; coming from without; applied 
 especially to syphilitic and other specific 
 contagious diseases. 
 
 Enthlasis {en-thla' -sis) [ivdXav, to indent]. A 
 depressed, comminuted fracture of the skull. 
 
 Ento- {en-to-)[ivzbc, within]. A prefix denoting 
 within, inside, inner, internal. 
 
 Entoblast {en' -to -blast). See Endoblast. 
 
 Entoccipital {ent-ok-sip' -it-al) [ento-; occiput]. 
 Situated entad of the. occipital gyrus or fissure. 
 
 Entocelic, Entoccelic {en-lo-se'-lik) [ento-; 
 KocXca, a cavity]. Within the intestine. 
 
 Entocentral {en-to-sen'-tral) [ento-; center]. 
 Near the center and on the inner aspect. 
 
 Entocinerea {en-to-sin-e' -re-ah) [ento-; cine- 
 reus, ashy]. The gray brain-substance sur- 
 rounding the cavities of the brain and spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Entogenous {en-toj' -en-us) . See Endogenous. 
 
 Entohyal {en-to-hi'-al). Hyoid and on the 
 inner aspect. 
 
 Entohyaloid {en-to-hi' -al-oid) [ento-; hyaloid]. 
 Located within the vitreous body. 
 
 Entomarginal {en-to-mar' -jin-al) . Near the 
 margin and internal. 
 
 Entome {en' -torn) [iv, in; ro/nj, cut]. A knife 
 for dividing a urethral stricture. 
 
 Entomiasis {en-to-mi' -a-sis) [evzo/iov, an insect]. 
 Any pathologic condition due to infestation 
 with insects. 
 
 Entophyte {en' -to- fit) [ento-; forov, a plant]. 
 A vegetable parasite living within the body of 
 its host, as, e. g., a bacterium. 
 
 Entoplasm {en'-to-plazm). See Endoplasm. 
 
 Entopterygoid {en-to-ter' -e-goid) [ento-; xrepu!;, 
 a wing; eldoc, resemblance]. 1. Like a wing 
 and situated entad. 2. Owen's name for the 
 pterygoid process of the sphenoid. 3. E. 
 Coues' name for the internal pterygoid muscle. 
 
 Entoptic {ent-op'-tik) [ento-; otzzckoc, pertain- 
 ing to vision]. Pertaining to the internal parts 
 of the eye. E. Phenomena, visual sensa- 
 tions generated within the eye. 
 
 Entorbital {ent-orb' -it-al) . Located on the 
 inner part of the orbital lobe or entad of 
 its orbital fissure. 
 
 Entosphenoid {en-to-sfen'-oid) [ento-; sphenoid]. 
 Sphenoid and internal. 
 
 Entosylvian {en-to-siV -ve-an) . Within the 
 sylvian fissure. 
 
 Entothalamus {en-to-thaV -am-us) [ento-; 
 thalamus]. Spitzka's name for the inner 
 gray thalamic zone. 
 
 Entotic {ent-o'-tik) [ento-; ouc, ear]. Pertain- 
 ing to the internal parts of the ear. 
 
 Entotorrhea {ent-o-tor-e'-ah) [ento-; otorrhea]. 
 Internal otorrhea. 
 
ENTOTROCHANTER 
 
 389 
 
 EPICANTHUS 
 
 Entotrochanter {en-to-tro-kan' -ter) [ento-; 
 trochanter]. The lesser trochanter. 
 
 Entotympanic {en-to-tim-pan' -ik) [ento-; 
 tympanum]. Located within the tympanum. 
 
 Entozoon {en-to-zo' -on) [ento-; £woy, an ani- 
 mal; pi., entozoa]. An animal parasite living 
 within another animal. 
 
 Entropia (en-tro'-pe-ah) [see Entropion]. A 
 turning inward. 
 
 Entropion [en-tro' -pe-on) [iv, in; rpknecv, to 
 turn]. Inversion of the eyelid, so that the 
 lashes rub against the globe of the eye. E. 
 musculare, that due to contraction of the 
 ciliary part of the orbicular muscle resulting 
 from senile atony. E., Organic, that due 
 to contraction of the lid resulting from 
 cicatricial contraction of the conjunctiva or 
 to diphtheric conjunctivitis. E. spasmodi- 
 cum, E., Spastic, E. spasticum. See 
 E. musculare. 
 
 Entropion. 
 
 Enucleation {e-nu-kle-a' -shun) [e, out of; 
 nucleus, a kernel]. The shelling-out of a 
 tumor or organ from its capsule. The exci- 
 sion of the eyeball. 
 
 Enula (en'-u-lah) [L.]. The inner aspect of 
 the gums. 
 
 Enuresis {eji-u-re'-sis) [ivoupslv, to be incon- 
 tinent of urine]. The involuntary emptying 
 of the bladder. E., Nocturnal, that occur- 
 ring at night during sleep. 
 
 Envenomation (en-ven-o-ma 1 '-shun) [iv, in; 
 venom]. The introduction and action of 
 snake-venom. 
 
 Enzym, Enzyme (en'-zim) [iv, in; "un-q, lea- 
 ven], i. Any ferment formed within the 
 living organism. 2. A chemic ferment, as 
 distinguished from organized ferments, such 
 as the yeasts. 
 
 Enzymol {en'-zi-mol). A proprietary artificial 
 gastric juice prepared from the glands of the 
 stomach; it is used as a solvent and antiseptic, 
 especially in the external treatment of diseases 
 of the ear and nose. 
 
 Eolipyle, iEolipyle {e-ol' -e-pil) [a'cbXoc, windy; 
 ttuXtj, a narrow passage]. A form of spirit- 
 lamp used to heat cautery-irons. 
 
 Eosin {e'-o-sin) [j)d)c, the dawn], C^HgB^Os. 
 Tetrabromfluorescein ; an acid dye produced 
 by the action of bromin on fluorescein sus- 
 pended in glacial acetic acid. It occurs in 
 red or yellowish crystals, and is used as a 
 stain in histology. 
 
 Eosinophil (e-o-sin'-o-fil) [eosin; <f)iXi-~cv, to love]. 
 Applied to microbes or histologic elements 
 showing a peculiar affinity for eosin stain or 
 for acid stains in general. 
 
 Eosinophilia (e-o-sin-o-fil' -e-ah) [see Eosino- 
 phil]. 1 . An increase above the normal stand- 
 ard in the number of eosinophils in the circu- 
 lating blood. 2. The condition of microbes 
 or histologic elements which readily absorb 
 and become stained by eosin. 
 
 Eosot (e f -o-sot). The commercial name of 
 creasote valerianate. 
 
 Eparsalgia {ep-ars-al'-je-ah) [iizacpscv, to lift; 
 aXyoc, pain]. Any disorder due to overstrain 
 of a part. 
 
 Epechontoic iep-e-kon-to' -ik) [kizkxe.iv, to delay; 
 tokoc, parturition]. Capable of moderating 
 uterine contraction. 
 
 Epencephalon (ep-en-se^-al-on)[in(, upon; 
 encephalon]. The after-brain or hind-brain; 
 the cerebellum and pons taken together. 
 
 Ependyma {ep-en' -dim-ah) [i~kvbup.a, an upper 
 garment]. The lining membrane of the 
 cerebral ventricles and of the central canal 
 of the spinal cord. 
 
 Ependymitis {ep-en-dim-i' -tis) [ependyma; trie, 
 inflammation] . Inflammation of the ependyma. 
 
 Ephedra {ej'-e-drah) [i~c, upon; edpa, a seat]. 
 A genus of plants of the Gnetacece. E. anti- 
 syphilitica has been used in gonorrhea. Dose 
 of the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). E. nev- 
 adensis is used as an alterative and antigon- 
 orrheic. Dose of fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 
 Cc). E. vulgaris contains the alkaloid ephe- 
 drin, which is mydriatic. 
 
 Ephedrin (e/'-e-drin) [ephedra]. An alkaloid, 
 C l0 H 15 NO, from Ephedra vulgaris; it is a 
 cardiac depressant and harmless mydriatic. 
 E., Pseudo-. See Pseudoephedrin. 
 
 Ephelis {ef'-el-is) [i~'c, upon; TjXcoc, the sun]. 
 A freckle. 
 
 Ephemeral {ef-em r -er-al) [i^jiepoc, living a 
 day]. Temporary. Applied to fevers that 
 are of short duration. 
 
 Ephidrosis {ej-id-ro'-sis) [stzc, upon; "wpcoocc, 
 sweating]. Excessive perspiration. See Hy- 
 peridrosis. 
 
 Epi- [in?, upon]. A prefix signifying upon. 
 
 Epiblast iep' -e-blast) [epi-; $Xao-bc, a germ]. 
 The external or upper layer of the blastoderm ; 
 called also the ectoderm, from which are de- 
 veloped the central nervous system and the epi- 
 thelium of the sense-organs, the mucous mem- 
 branes of the mouth and anus, the enamel of 
 the teeth, the epidermis and its derivatives 
 (hair, nails, glands, etc.). 
 
 Epiblastic {ep-e-blasV -ik) . Pertaining to or 
 derived from the epiblast. 
 
 Epiblepharon {ep-e-blef'-ar-on). See Epi- 
 canthus. 
 
 Epibole, Epiboly (ep-ib'-ol-e) [epi-; ftaXXstv, to 
 throw]. The inclosure of the large yolk-mass 
 of an invertebrate ovum by the overgrowth of 
 cleavage-cells. 
 
 Epicanthus {ep-e-kan' -thus) [epi-; Kavdoc, angle 
 of the eye]. A fold of skin over the inner 
 canthus of the eye. 
 
EPICARDIUM 
 
 390 
 
 EPIGNATHUS 
 
 Epicardium (ep-e-kar' -de-um) [epi-; napoca, 
 heart]. The visceral layer of the pericar- 
 dium. 
 
 Epicarin (ep - e - kar' - in). A condensation- 
 product of cresolinic acid and betanaphthol, 
 occurring as an odorless, tasteless, clear, 
 yellowish-gray powder, easily soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, acetone; insoluble in oil. It 
 is used in scabies in 10% salve. 
 
 Epicele (ep'-e-sel) [epi-; KocX'ca, belly]. The 
 fourth ventricle. 
 
 Epichordal (ep-e-kord'-al) [epi-; Z P°V' a cor( i]- 
 Located above or dorsad of the notochord; 
 applied especially to cerebral structures. 
 
 Epichrosis (ep-e-kro' -sis) [eTz'cjpajocc, a spot]. 
 A discoloration of the skin. E. alphosis, 
 albinism. E. aurigo, a yellow discoloration 
 of the skin, as in icterus. E. ephelis, E. len- 
 ticula, pigmentation of the skin from expo- 
 sure to the sun. E. leucasmus, E. poecilia, 
 vitiligo. E. spilus. See Ncevus pigmentosus 
 under Nevus. 
 
 Epicolic (ep-e-kol'-ik) [epi-; colon]. Lying over 
 the colon. 
 
 Epicondylalgia (ep-e-kon-dil-al' -je-ali) [epicon- 
 dyle; aXyoc, pain]. Pain in the muscular 
 mass about the elbow-joint, following fatigu- 
 ing work. 
 
 Epicondyle (ep-e-kon'-dil) [epi-; novduhoc, a 
 knuckle]. An eminence upon a bone above 
 its condyle. 
 
 Epicondylus (ep-e-kon'-dil-us). See Epicon- 
 dyle. E. extensGrius, the external condyle 
 of the humerus. E. femoris lateralis, the 
 outer tuberosity of the femur. E. femoris 
 medialis, the inner tuberosity of the femur. 
 E. flexorius, the internal condyle of the 
 humerus. 
 
 Epicoracoid {ep-e-kor'-ak-oid) [epi-; coracoid]. 
 Located upon or over the coracoid process. 
 
 Epicostal (ep-e-kos'-tal) [epi-; costa, a rib]. 
 Situated upon the ribs. 
 
 Epicranium (ep-e-kra'-ne-um) [epi-; cranium]. 
 The structures covering the cranium. 
 
 Epicranius (ep-e-kra' -ne-us) . The occipitofron- 
 talis muscle. 
 
 Epicrisis (ep-e-kri'-sis) [k-'cupiocc, determina- 
 tion]. The disease-phenomena succeeding 
 crisis. 
 
 Epicystotomy (ep-e-sis-tot' -o-me) [epi-; kOotcc, 
 a bladder; zkpvetv, to cut]. Suprapubic inci- 
 sion of the bladder. 
 
 Epicyte (ep'-e-sit) [epi-; kutoc, cell]. i. The 
 cell-wall. 2. A cell of epithelial tissue. 
 
 Epidemic (ep-e-dem'-ik) [epi-; drjp.oc, people]. 
 Of a disease, affecting large numbers, or 
 spreading over a wide area. 
 
 Epidemiography (ep-e-dem-e-og'-ra-fe) [epi- 
 demic; ypd(f)£(v, to write]. A description of 
 epidemic diseases. 
 
 Epidemiology (ep-e-dem-e-ol'-o-je) [epidemic; 
 Xbyoc, science]. The science of epidemic dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Epidermatic (ep-e-der-mat'-ik). See Epider- 
 mic. 
 
 Epidermic (ep-e-der'-mik) [epidermis]. Relating 
 to the epidermis. E. Method, a method of 
 
 administering medicinal substances by apply- 
 ing them to the skin, s 
 
 Epidermidalization {ep-e- derm - id - al- i-za'- 
 shun) [epidermis]. The conversion of colum- 
 nar into stratified epithelium. 
 
 Epidermidophyton {ep-e- derm - id-o-fi' -tori) 
 [epidermis; <f>u~6v, a plant]. A fungus found 
 in psoriasis. 
 
 Epidermidosis (ep-e-derm-id-o'-sis) [epidermis]. 
 A collective name for anomalous growths of 
 the skin of epithelial origin and type. 
 
 Epidermis (ep-e-der'-mis) [irt'c, upon; okptia, 
 skin]. The outer layer of the skin. The 
 scarf-skin, consisting of a layer of horny cells 
 that protects the true skin. 
 
 Epidermolysis iep-e-der-moV -is-is) [epidermis]. 
 A rare skin disease in which bullas form on 
 the slightest pressure. It shows itself in in- 
 fancy and is most pronounced in summer. 
 
 Epididymectomy (ep-e-did-im-ek' '-tom-e) [epi- 
 didymis; iKTop.fj, a cutting out]. Excision 
 of the epididymis. 
 
 Epididymis (ep-e-did'-im-is) [iizc, upon; d'cdu- 
 p.oc, the testes]. The small body lying above 
 the testis; the superior end is the globus major; 
 the inferior, the globus minor. 
 
 Epididymitis (ep-e-did-im-i'-tis) [epididymis; 
 cxcg, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 epididymis. 
 
 Epididymoorchitis (ep-e-did-im-o-or-ki'-tis) . 
 Epididymitis combined with orchitis. 
 
 Epidural (ep-e-du'-ral) [epi-; durus, hard]. Situ- 
 ated upon or over the dura. 
 
 Epifagus (ep-e-fa'-gus) [epi-; 4>rjyoc, the beech- 
 tree]. A genus of plants. E. americanus has 
 astringent and antiseptic properties and is used 
 internally in diarrhea and externally in indo- 
 lent ulcers. Dose 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc). 
 
 Epigaea {ep-e-je'-ah) [e-'c, upon; foua, earth]. 
 A genus of trailing ericaceous plants. E. 
 repens, trailing arbutus of North America, 
 has diuretic properties. 
 
 Epigaster {ep-e-gas'-ter) [epigastrium]. The 
 large intestine; hindgut. 
 
 Epigastric (ep-e-gas f -trik) [epigastrium]. Re- 
 lating to the epigastrium. E. Reflex. 
 See under Reflexes. 
 
 Epigastriocele, Epigastrocele {ep-e-gas' -tre-o- 
 sel, ep-e-gas' -tro-seT) [epigastrium; ktjXt), a 
 hernia]. A hernia in the epigastrium. 
 
 Epigastrium (ep-e-gas' -tre-um) [epi-; ' yao-^p, 
 stomach]. The upper and middle part of the 
 abdominal surface corresponding to the posi- 
 tion of the stomach; the epigastric region. 
 See Abdomen. 
 
 Epiglottic (ep-e-glot'-ik) [epiglottis]. Relating 
 to the epiglottis. 
 
 Epiglottidean (ep-e-glot-id'-e-an). See Epi- 
 glottic. 
 
 Epiglottis (ep-e-glot'-is) [epi-; yliD-x'cc, glot- 
 tis]. A fibrocartilaginous structure that aids 
 in preventing food and drink from passing 
 into the larynx. 
 
 Epignathus (ep-ig'-na-thus) [epi-; yvaQoc, jaw]. 
 A monstrosity in which the rudimentary 
 organs of a twin are united to the superior 
 maxillary bone. 
 
EPIGUANIN 
 
 391 
 
 EPISARKIN 
 
 Epiguanin {ep-e-gwan'-in), C 10 H 13 N 9 O 2 . A 
 xanthin base isolated from the urine of 
 lunatics; it is similar to guanin in solubilities. 
 
 Epihyal Bone (ep-e-hi'-al) [epi-; hyoid]. The 
 stylohyoid ligament when it is ossified. 
 
 Epilating Forceps. Forceps for plucking 
 out hairs. 
 
 Epilation (ep-il-a' -shun) [e, out of; pilus, a 
 hair]. The extraction of hair. 
 
 Epilatory (ep'-il-at-o-re). Removing hair; a 
 remedy for removing hair. 
 
 Epilepsy (ep 1 '-il-ep-se) [k-'d^cg, a laying hold 
 of]. A chronic nervous affection characterized 
 by sudden loss of consciousness, with general 
 tonic and clonic convulsions, the paroxysms 
 lasting but a short time. An epileptic seizure 
 is often preceded by a peculiar sensation, or 
 aura, and as the patient falls he some- 
 times makes an outcry — the epileptic cry. 
 Syn., Grand mal. See Petit Mai. E., 
 Cortical, E., Focal, E., Jacksonian, 
 spasmodic contractions in certain groups 
 of muscles, with retention of consciousness, 
 due to local disease of the cortex. E., 
 Latent, a form due to some local irritation, 
 generally in the stomach, which ceases on 
 removal of the irritation, but is liable to 
 recur upon any indulgence. E., Masked, 
 in this, involuntary actions, often violent, 
 replace the convulsion. Syn., Epilepsia 
 larvata. E., Motorial, Jacksonian epilepsy. 
 E., Nocturnal, epilepsy in which the attack 
 occurs during sleep. E., Procursive, a 
 form in which the patient runs rapidly for- 
 ward before falling. E., Spinal, paroxysms 
 of clonic spasm in the lower extremities 
 sometimes observed in the course of spastic 
 paraplegia. E., Vasomotor, that in which 
 extreme contraction of the arteries precedes 
 the attacks. 
 
 Epileptic (ep-il-ep'-tik). i. Pertaining to or 
 like epilepsy. 2. One affected with epilepsy. 
 E. Aura, E. Cry. See under Epilepsy. E. 
 Dementia, the dementia which is frequently 
 the terminal stage of epilepsy. E. Equiva- 
 lents, transient psychic disturbances replac- 
 ing the typical convulsions. E. Mania, mania 
 following or taking the place of the fit. 
 
 Epileptiform (ep-il-ep' -tif-orm) [epilepsy; 
 forma, form]. Resembling an epileptic 
 attack. 
 
 Epileptisant (ep-il-ep' -tiz-ant) . 1. Producing 
 epileptoid convulsions. 2. A drug which pro- 
 duces epileptoid convulsions; e. g., absinthe. 
 
 Epileptogenic (ep-il-ep-to-jen f -ik). See Epi- 
 leptogenous. 
 
 Epileptogenous (ep-il-ep -to j' '-en-us) [epilepsy; 
 ytvvav, to produce]. Producing epilepsy. 
 
 Epileptoid (ep-il-ep' -toid) [epilepsy; dooc, like- 
 ness]. Resembling epilepsy. 
 
 Epimandibular (ep-e-man-dib' -u-lar) [epi-; 
 mandibulum, jaw]. Upon or above the lower 
 jaw. 
 
 Epimysium (ep-e-miz 1 '-e-um) [epi-; jj.Dc, a mus- 
 cle]. The sheath of areolar tissue surround- 
 ing a muscle. 
 
 Epinephrin (ep-e-nef -rin) [epi-; ve<f)p6c, kid- 
 
 ney], C, 7 H 1S N0 4 . The active principle of the 
 suprarenal capsule. 
 
 Epineurium (ep-e-nu' -re-um) [epi-; veupov, a 
 nerve]. The connective-tissue sheath of a 
 nerve -trunk. 
 
 Epipastic {ep - e - pas' - tik) [eTzi-aoascv, to 
 sprinkle]. Having the qualities of a dusting- 
 powder. 
 
 Epiperipheral (ep-e-per-if '-er-al) [epi-; periph- 
 ery]. Exterior; at the periphery. 
 
 Epipharyngeal (ep - e - far - in' - je - al) [epi-; 
 pharynx]. Located upon or above the 
 pharynx. 
 
 Epiphenomenon (ep-e-fe-nom' -en -on) [epi-; 
 (f>acv6p:evov, phenomenon]. An exceptional 
 sequence or unusual complication arising in 
 the course of a disease. 
 
 Epiphora (ep-if -or-ah) [epi-; fyipeiv, to bear]. 
 A persistent overflow of tears, due to excess 
 sive secretion or to impeded outflow. 
 
 Epiphyseal, Epiphysial (ep-e-fiz'-e-al) [epi- 
 physis]. Relating to or of the nature of 
 an epiphysis. E. Plate. See Disc, Epi- 
 physeal. 
 
 Epiphyseitis (ep -e -fiz-e -i' - tis) [epiphysis; 
 crcc, inflammation]. Inflammation of an 
 epiphysis. 
 
 Epiphyseolysis (ep-e-fiz-e-ol'-is-is) [epiphysis; 
 \O01c, a loosing]. The separation of an 
 epiphysis. 
 
 Epiphysis (ep-if -is -is) [epi-; (fybzodac, to grow]. 
 A process of bone attached for a time to an- 
 other bone by cartilage, but in most cases soon 
 becoming consolidated with the principal 
 bone. E. cerebri, the pineal gland. 
 
 Epiphysitis (ep-if -is-i' -tis). See Epiphyseitis. 
 
 Epiphyte (ep'-e-fit) [epi-; (f>uz6u, a plant]. A 
 vegetable parasite growing on the exterior 
 of the body. 
 
 Epipial (ep-e-pi'-al) [epi-; pia]. Upon or above 
 the pia mater. 
 
 Epipleural (ep-e-plu'-ral) [epi-; pleura]. 1. 
 Relating to a pleurapophysis. 2. Located on 
 the side of the thorax. 
 
 Epiplocele (ep-ip'-lo-sel) [epiploon; ktIt], her- 
 nia]. A hernia containing omentum. 
 
 Epiploic (ep-ip-lo'-ik) [epiploon]. Relating or 
 belonging to the omentum. E. Appendages, 
 small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat, 
 found on the colon. 
 
 Epiploon (ep-ip'-lo-on) [e-'c-.Xoov, from er.'c, 
 upon; xhb, to float]. The omentum. 
 
 Epiplopexy (ep-ip'-lo-peks-e) [epiploon; -fj^cc, 
 a fixing in]. Talma's operation of suturing 
 the great omentum to the anterior abdominal 
 wall for the purpose of establishing a col- 
 lateral venous circulation in cirrhosis of the 
 liver. 
 
 Epipolic (ep-e-pol'-ik) [e-i-o\r h at the top]. 
 Relating to fluorescence. 
 
 Epipteric (ep-ip-ter'-ik) [epi-; pterion]. Upon 
 or above the pterion. E. Bone. See under 
 Bone. 
 
 Episarkin (ep-e-sark'-in) [epi-; aap$, flesh], 
 C 4 H 6 N 3 0. A xanthin base which occurs in 
 normal urine of man and dogs and in the 
 urine in leukemia. 
 
EPISCLERA 
 
 392 
 
 EPITHELIUM 
 
 Episclera (ep-e-skle'-rah) [epi-; okXt)poc, hard]. 
 The loose connective tissue lying between the 
 conjunctiva and the sclera. 
 
 Episcleral (ep-e-skle'-ral) [episclera]. Situated 
 on the outside of the sclerotic coat. 
 
 Episcleritis (ep - e - skle - ri' - tis) {episclera; 
 exec, inflammation]. An inflammation of 
 the subconjunctival tissues or of the sclera 
 itself. 
 
 Episio- (ep-iz-e-o-). A prefix signifying relation 
 to the pubes. 
 
 Episioelytrorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-o-el-it-ror'-af-e) 
 [episio-; elytrorrhaphy]. The operation of 
 suturing a ruptured perineum and narrowing 
 the vagina for the support of a prolapsed 
 uterus. 
 
 Episioperineorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-o-per-in-e-or 1 '- 
 af-e). See Episioelytrorrhaphy . 
 
 Episiorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-or'-a-fe) [episio-; pacfyrj, 
 seam]. An operation for the repair of tears 
 about the vulva. 
 
 Episiostenosis (ep-iz-e-o-sten-o'-sis) [episio-; 
 ozsvoc, narrow]. Contraction or narrowing of 
 the vulva. 
 
 Episiotomy (ep-iz-e-ot'-o-me) [episio-; rop.ii, 
 section]. Incision through the vulva in child- 
 birth, to prevent rupture of the perineum and 
 to facilitate labor. 
 
 Epispadias (ep-e^spa' -de-as) [epi-; aizattv, to 
 pierce]. A condition in which the urethra 
 opens on the upper part of the penis, either 
 on the dorsum or on the glans. 
 
 Epispastic {ep-e-spas'-tik) [epi-; anaatc, a draw- 
 ing], i. Blistering. 2. A substance produc- 
 ing a blister. 
 
 Epistasis (e-pis' -las-is) [epi-; "coraoda!, to stand]. 
 1. A scum or film of substance floating on the 
 surface of urine. 2. A checking or stoppage 
 of a hemorrhage or other discharge. 
 
 Epistaxis (ep-is-taks' '-is) [kntaxa^iv, to cause 
 to drop]. Hemorrhage from the nose. 
 
 Episternal (ep-e-ster 1 '-nal) [epi-; oxkpvov, the 
 sternum]. Above the sternum. 
 
 Episthotonos, Episthotonus (ep-is-ihoV '-o-nos, 
 -us). See Emprosthotonos. 
 
 Epitela (ep-e-te'-lah) [epi-; tela, a web]. The 
 delicate tissue of Vieussen's valve. 
 
 Epithalamic (ep-e-thaV '-am-ik) [epi-; thalamus]. 
 Situated upon the thalamus. 
 
 Epithelial (ep-e-the 1 '-le-al) [epithelium]. Per- 
 taining to or made up of epithelium. 
 
 Epitheliogenetic (ep - e - the -le-o - jen-et'-ik) 
 [epithelium; ykvtacg, generation]. Originat- 
 ing from undue epithelial proliferation. 
 
 Epithelioid {ep-e-the' -le-oid) [epithelium; eldoc, 
 likeness]. Resembling epithelium. 
 
 Epitheliolysin (ep-e-the-le-oV -is-in) [epithelium; 
 Xuoic, a loosing]. A cytolysin produced by 
 inoculation with epithelial cells. 
 
 Epitheliolytic (ep-e-the-le-o-lif '-ik) . Capable 
 of bringing about the destruction of epithelial 
 cells. Metchnikoff found that the introduc- 
 tion of comminuted epithelium into the 
 blood gave this power to the serum. 
 
 Epithelioma (ep-e-the-le-o'-mah) [epithelium; 
 bpa, a tumor]. Properly, any tumor in 
 which epithelium forms the prominent 
 
 element; by usage the word is restricted to 
 carcinoma of the skin and mucous mem- 
 branes. E., Columnar. See E., Cylindric. 
 E., Corneous, one in which the cells resemble 
 the outer layer of epidermal cells. E., 
 Cylindric, one in which the epithelial cells 
 resemble ordinary columnar epithelium and 
 the structure resembles ordinary mucosa. 
 Syn., Cylinder-cell cancer; Cylindriform epi- 
 thelial cancer; Columnar-celled carcinoma. 
 E., Cylindrocellular. See E., Cylindric. 
 E., Cystic, a form containing pits filled with 
 fluid. E., Diffuse, a form marked by rapid 
 infiltration of the adjacent connective tissue 
 with epithelial cells. E., Glandular, a not 
 very malignant form composed of gland-cells 
 occurring in mucosas, especially of the nose 
 and palate, and of slow growth. E., Multiple 
 Cystic, a variety in which scattered . cysts 
 are formed in consequence of mucoid de- 
 generation and the fusion of adjacent drops 
 of fluid. E. myxomatodes psammosum, 
 a tumor of the third ventricle of the brain, 
 of the character of a very soft myxoma, and 
 containing very hard, granular, milk-white 
 contents. 
 
 Epitheliomatous (ep-e-the-le-om' -at-us) . Hav- 
 ing the nature of an epithelioma. 
 
 Epitheliomuscular (ep-e-the-le-o-mus' '-ku-lar) . 
 Resembling epithelium and muscle. 
 
 Epithelium (ep-e-the' -le-um) [in!, upon; 
 dt)\i}, nipple]. A term applied to the group 
 of cells that forms the epidermis that lines all 
 canals having communication with the exter- 
 nal air, and that are specialized for secretion 
 in certain glands, as the liver, kidneys, etc. 
 
 Goblet Cells. 
 
 Squamous Cells. 
 
 Epithelium is divided, according to the shape 
 and arrangement of the cells, into columnar, 
 cuboidal, flat, pavement, squamous, stratified, 
 and tessellated epithelium; according to 
 function, into protective and glandular or 
 
EPITONIC 
 
 393 
 
 EQUIPOTENTIAX 
 
 
 i 
 
 secreting. E., Ciliated, a form in which the 
 cells bear vibratile filaments or cilia on their 
 free extremities. E., Columnar, distinguished 
 by prismatic-shaped or columnar cells. E., 
 Fibrillated. See E., Rod. E., Germ, E., 
 Germinal, E., Germinative. i. See Ridge, 
 Genital. 2. The single layer of columnar 
 epithelial cells covering the free surface of 
 the ovary. E., Glandular, that composed 
 generally of spheroid cells and constituting 
 the proper secreting substance of a gland. 
 E., Intestinal, columnar epithelium. E., 
 Malpighian. See E., Mucous. E., Mucous. 
 1. The rete mucosum. 2. The entire em- 
 bryonic epidermis with the exception of the 
 epitrichium. E., Nerve, epithelium in which 
 sensory cells combined with ordinary epithe- 
 lial cells form the peripheral terminations 
 of the nerves in the organs of sense. E., 
 Pigmentary, E., Pigmented, epithelial 
 cells holding pigment-granules. E,, Protec- 
 tive, that serving for protection, as the 
 epidermis, as distinguished from that serving 
 for secretion or sensation. E., Pyramidal, 
 columnar epithelium. E., Rod, striated cells 
 
 f lining certain glands. E., Sensory. See E., 
 Nerve. E., Striated, that consisting of 
 striated cells. E., Subcapsular, the epithe- 
 lial-like lining of the internal surface of the 
 capsule of the nerve-cells of spinal ganglions. 
 E., Tabular, E. tabulare, pavement 
 epithelium. E., Tegumentary, the epider- 
 mis. E., Transitional, epithelium inter- 
 mediate between simple and stratified. E., 
 Vascular, vascular endothelium. E. vi- 
 brans, E., Vibratile, E., Vibrating, E. 
 vibratorium, ciliated epithelium. 
 
 Epitonic {ep-e-ton'-ik) [iznetvscv, to stretch]. 
 Tightly drawn; on the stretch. 
 
 Epitonos, Epitonus {ep - e - to' - nos, - nus). 
 1. See Epitonic. 2. Anything exhibiting ab- 
 normal tension or stretched from one point to 
 another. 
 
 Epitrichium (ep-e-trik'-e-um) \epi-; rpr/cov, 
 hair]. Superficial layer of fetal epidermis. 
 
 Epitrochanterian (ep-e-tro-kan-te' '-re-an) \epi-; 
 trochanter]. Situated upon the trochanters. 
 
 Epitrochlea (ep-e-trok'-le-ah) \epi-; -poyak'ta, a 
 pulley]. The internal condyle of the humerus. 
 
 Epitrochiear (ep-e-trok'-le-ar). Applied to 
 muscles of the forearm which are attached 
 to the epitrochlea. 
 
 Epitympanic (ep-e-tim-pan 1 '-ik) \epi-; xbp.izavov, 
 the tympanum]. Upon or above the tym- 
 panum. E. Recess, the attic. 
 
 Epitympanum (ep-e-tim'-pan-um). The attic. 
 
 Epityphlon (ep-e-tif '-Ion) \epi-; xufylbv, the 
 cecum]. Kuster's name for the vermiform 
 appendix. 
 
 Epivertebral {ep-e-ver' -te-braT) \epi-; vertebra]. 
 1. Situated upon a vertebra. 2. A spinous 
 process of a vertebra. 
 
 Epizoon {ep-e-zo'-on) \epi-; C<poy, an animal]. 
 An animal parasite living upon the exterior of 
 the body. 
 
 Epizootic (ep-e-zo-ot'-ik) [see Epizoon]. An 
 epidemic disease of the lower animals. 
 
 Epoikic (ep-oi'-kik) \epi-; ohwf, a house]. Ap- 
 plied to diseases limited to the household or 
 
 • other circumscribed locality. 
 
 Eponymic iep-o-nim'-ik) [kn6jvup.oc, named 
 -after a person]. Named after some person. 
 
 Epoophoron (ep-o-oj'-or-on) \epi-; tiov, egg; 
 (fykpecv, to bear]. The parovarium. 
 
 Epoptic (ep-op'-tik) [L., epopticus]: Fluores- 
 cent. 
 
 Epsom Salt {ep'-sum). See Magnesium 
 Sulfate. 
 
 Epstein's Pearls. Small, slightly elevated, 
 yellowish-white masses on each side of the 
 median line of the hard palate at birth. 
 
 Epulis {ep-u'-lis) \epi-; ouAa, the gums]. A tu- 
 mor of the alveolar processes of the jaws. E., 
 Malignant, a giant-cell sarcoma of the jaw. 
 
 Equation (e-kwa'-zhun) [cequare, to make equal]. 
 In chemistry, a collection of symbols so 
 arranged as to indicate the reaction that will 
 take place if the bodies represented by the 
 symbols are brought together. E., Per- 
 sonal, an allowance for individual pecu- 
 liarity or error in an observer's work. 
 
 Equator (e-kwa'-tor) [see Equation]. An imagi- 
 nary circle surrounding a sphere so as to di- 
 vide it into equal halves. E. of a Cell, the 
 boundary of the plane through which division 
 takes place. E. of the Eye, the aequator 
 oculi; a line joining the four extremities of the 
 transverse and vertical axes of the eye. 
 
 Equilibrating Operation (e-kwil'-ib-ra-iing). 
 An operation on the ocular muscles to equal- 
 ize their action in cases of squint. 
 
 Equilibration {e-kwil-ib-ra' -shun) [equilibrium]. 
 The maintenance of equilibrium. 
 
 Equilibrium {e-kwil-ib' -re-um) [cequus, equal; 
 libra, balance]. A state of balance. E., 
 Nitrogenous, the condition of the system in 
 which the amount of nitrogen in the matter 
 discharged from the body exactly equals the 
 amount taken in. E., Physiologic, the 
 state of the system in which the amount of 
 material discharged from the body exactly 
 equals the amount taken in. 
 
 Equinia (e - kwin' - e - ah) [equus, a horse]. 
 Glanders; farcy. 
 
 Equinocavus {e-kwi-no-ka' -vus) [equinus; 
 cavus, hollow]. Dorsal talipes equinus in 
 which the plantar surface is excessively 
 hollowed and creased. 
 
 Equinovarus {e-k-wi-no-va' -rus) [equinus; varus, 
 bent outward]. A variety of talipes pre- 
 senting the characteristics of talipes equinus 
 and talipes varus. 
 
 Equinus (e-kwi'-nus) [equus, a horse]. 1. 
 Talipes equinus. 2. Relating to the horse; 
 equine. E. dorsalis, a form of talipes 
 equinus in which the patient walks on the 
 dorsal surface of the flexed toes. E. plan- 
 taris, the form of talipes equinus in which 
 the toes are extended throughout or only at 
 the metatarsophalangeal joint. 
 
 Equipotential (e-k-wi-po-ten' -shal) [ccquus, 
 equal; potentia, power]. Of equal power; 
 applied in electricity to bodies with equal 
 dynamic units. 
 
EQUISETUM 
 
 394 
 
 ERGOTISM 
 
 Equisetum (ek-wis-e' -turn) [equus, a horse; 
 sceta, a bristle]. A genus of cryptogamous 
 plants. E. hiemale is used in dropsy and 
 diseases of genitourinary origin. Dose of 
 fluidextr act 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc). 
 
 Equivalence, Equivalency \e-kwiv' -al-ens, 
 -en-se) [cequus, equal; valere, to be worth]. 
 The property possessed by an element or 
 radicle of replacing another element or 
 radicle in a compound body in definite 
 proportions. 
 
 Equivalent (e-kwiv'-al-ent). Of equal valency; 
 having the same value. E., Endosmotic, 
 the ratio obtained by dividing the amount 
 of the replacing liquid in osmotic action by 
 the amount replaced. E., Joule's, the 
 mechanic equivalent of heat or the amount 
 of work that, converted into heat, will raise 
 the temperature of one pound of water i° F. 
 E., Psychic Epileptic, mental disturbance 
 or excitement which may take the place of 
 epileptic attacks. E., Toxic, the quantity 
 of poison capable of killing, by intravenous 
 injection, one kilogram of animal. 
 
 Erasion (e-ra'-zhun) [e, out; radere, to scrape]. 
 The act of scraping. 
 
 Erb's Disease. Severe pseudoparalytic my- 
 asthenia; asthenic bulbar paralysis. E.'s 
 Juvenile Form of Progressive Muscular 
 Atrophy, the scapulohumeral type. E.'s 
 Myotonic Reaction. See E.'s Waves. E.'s 
 Palsy, E.'s Paralysis, a paralysis involving 
 the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, and 
 supinator longus; often also the supinator 
 brevis, and at times the infraspinatus; rarely 
 the subscapularis. It is traumatic in origin; 
 it may occur during birth. E.'s Point, a 
 point about two fingerbreadths above the 
 clavicle and one fingerbreadth external to the 
 sternomastoid. Electric stimulation at this 
 point produces contraction of the deltoid, bi- 
 ceps, brachialis anticus, and supinator longus. 
 E.'s Symptom. 1. Increase of the electric 
 irritability of the motor nerves in tetany. 
 2. Dulness on percussion over the manu- 
 brium sterni in akromegaly. E.'s Waves, 
 undulatory movements produced in a muscle 
 by passing a moderately strong constant 
 current through it and leaving the elec- 
 trodes in place, the circuit remaining closed. 
 They are sometimes seen in Thomsen's 
 disease. 
 
 Erb-Charcot's Disease. Spastic spinal paral- 
 ysis; spasmodic tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Erben's Phenomenon. A temporary slow- 
 ing of the pulse on bending forward or 
 attempting to sit down; it has been observed 
 in neurasthenia. 
 
 Erb-Goldflam's Symptom-complex. See 
 Erb's Disease. 
 
 Erb-Westphal's Symptom. See WestphaVs 
 Sign. 
 
 Erect (e-rekf) [erigere, to set up]. To raise 
 through engorgement of the tissues. 
 
 Erectile (e-rek'-til) [erect]. Having the quality 
 of becoming erect. E. Tissue, a tissue con- 
 sisting of a network of expansile capillaries 
 
 that, under stimulus, become engorged with 
 blood and cause erection of the part. 
 
 Erection {e-rek'-shun) [erect]. The state of 
 being erect, as erection of the penis or 
 clitoris. 
 
 Erector {e-rek'-tor) [erect]. 1. A muscle that pro- 
 duces erection of a part. See under Muscle. 
 2. A prism frequently attached to the eye- 
 piece of the microscope, for correcting the 
 inversion of the image. E. Nerves. See 
 Nervi erigentes. E. pili, the unstriped 
 muscular fibers causing the erection of the 
 hair and the phenomenon called goose- 
 flesh or goose-skin. 
 
 Eremacausis {er-e-mak-aw' -sis) [-qpkfia, slowly; 
 Kauacc, burning]. Slow oxidation or gradual 
 decay, without combustion. 
 
 Erepsin {er-ep'-sin) [kps'cTcecv, to destroy]. A 
 ferment produced by the intestinal mucosa, 
 having no effect on unaltered albumin but 
 causing cleavage of peptones. 
 
 Erethetic, Erethetical {er-e-ihet'-ik, -at). See 
 Ereihismic. 
 
 Erethism, Erethismus (er'-e-thizm, er-e-thiz'- 
 mus) [epedcop-oc, irritation]. An abnormal 
 increase of nervous irritability. 
 
 Erethisma {er-e-thiz'-mah). An irritant. 
 
 Erethismic, Erethistic (er-e-thiz'-mik, -this'- 
 tik). Relating to, or affected with, erethism. 
 
 Erg [epyov, work]. A unit of work, represent- 
 ing the work done in moving a body against 
 the force of one dyne through a space of 
 one centimeter. 
 
 Ergoapiol ier-go-a'-pe-ol). A proprietary com- 
 bination of apiol, 5 parts; ergotin, 1 part; 
 savin oil, \ part; aloin, \ part; it is used 
 as an emmenagog. Dose 7-14 gr. (0.45- 
 0.9 Gm.). 
 
 Ergot, Ergota {er'-got, er-go f -tah) [Ft., ergot, 
 sl spur]. The sclerotium of the Claviceps 
 purpurea, a fungus growing on rye. It is a 
 vasomotor stimulant and causes contraction 
 of the involuntary muscles. It is used to 
 control hemorrhage and to cause uterine 
 contraction; it is also employed in cerebral 
 and spinal congestion, in diabetes insipidus, 
 and in night -sweats. Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65- 
 4.0 Gm.). E., Extract of (extractum ergota, 
 U. S. P.), ergot. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 
 Gm.); hypodermatically, |~5 gr. (0.016-0.32 
 Gm.). E., Fluidextract of (fluidextractum 
 ergotce, U. S. P.). Dose § dr.-| oz. (2-16 
 Cc). E., Infusion of {injusum ergotce, B. 
 P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (30-60 Cc). E., In- 
 jection of (injectio ergotince hypodermica, 
 B. P.), ergotin and camphor-water. Dose 
 subcutaneously 3-10 min. (0.2-0.65 Cc). 
 E., Tincture of (tinctura ergotce, B. P.). 
 Dose 10 min. -1 dr. (0.6-4.0 Cc). E., Wine 
 of (vinum ergotce., U. S. P.). Dose 2 dr. (8 
 Cc). 
 
 Ergotin (er 1 '-go-tin). Extract of ergot. 
 
 Ergotinin {er-gof -in-in), C35H 40 N 4 O 6 . An 
 alkaloid from ergot of rye. 
 
 Ergotinum (er-go-ti'-num). See Ergotin. 
 
 Ergotism (er'-got-izm) [ergot]. The constitu- 
 tional effects following the prolonged use of 
 
ERICHSEN'S DISEASE 
 
 395 
 
 ERYSIPELAS 
 
 ergot, or of grain containing the fungus Clavi- 
 ceps purpurea. The symptoms are of two 
 types, either a spasmodic form with contrac- 
 tions and cramps of the muscles, or a form 
 characterized by dry gangrene. 
 
 Erichsen's Disease. Railway-spine; rail- 
 way-brain. A train of symptoms following 
 accidents, which may assume the form of 
 traumatic hysteria, neurasthenia, hypochon- 
 driasis, or melancholia. E.'s Ligature, one 
 consisting of a double thread, one-half of 
 which is black, the other white; it is -used in 
 the ligation of nevi. E.'s Sign, to differ- 
 entiate coxalgia from sacroiliac disease: com- 
 pression of the two iliac bones causes pain in 
 the latter, but not in the former, affection. 
 
 Erigens {er'-e-jenz) [L.]. Producing erection, 
 as the nervi erigentes. 
 
 Erigeron (er-ij'-er-on) {fjpcykpojv, groundsel]. 
 Fleabane. The plant E. canadensis, having 
 physiologic actions like those of oil of tur- 
 pentine, but less irritant. It contains oil of 
 erigeron, and is used as a hemostatic. E. 
 bellidi folium and E. philadelphicus afford 
 similar oil, and have the same properties. 
 E. canadensis is used in dropsy and diseases 
 of the genitourinary tract. E., Fluidextract 
 of. Dose 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc). E., Oil of 
 {oleum erigerontis, U. S. P.). Dose 10 min.- 
 | dr. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Eriocomous (er-e-ok'-om-us). Villous; covered 
 with fine hair. 
 
 Eriodictyon (er-e-o-dik'-te-on) \epcov, wool; 
 o'ciaoov, a net]. Yerba santa or mountain- 
 balm. The leaves of E. calif or nicum, a shrub 
 of California, are expectorant and an excipient 
 for quinin, the taste of which they largely con- 
 ceal. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). E., Extract of . 
 Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). E., Fluid- 
 extract of (fluidextr actum eriodictyi, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 
 
 Erodent {e-ro'-dent) [e, out; rodere, to gnaw]. 
 1. Caustic; causing erosion. 2. A caustic 
 drug. 
 
 Erosion (e-ro'-zhun) [erodere, to eat out]. 
 The eating away of tissue. E., Aphthous, 
 the formation of flat ulcers on a mucosa. E., 
 Dental, a progressive decalcification, affect- 
 ing most commonly the labial and buccal 
 faces of the teeth, not due to the causes of 
 dental caries, and usually associated with 
 the gouty diathesis. E., Papillary", a con- 
 dition developed from simple erosion; after 
 the destruction of the epithelium the exposed 
 points of the papillas swell and appear as 
 granular, dark-red, and easily bleeding 
 elevations. 
 
 Erotic (er-ot'-ik) \epojc, love]. Pertaining to 
 the sexual passion. 
 
 Erotism ier'-o-tizm). A condition of erotic 
 intoxication. 
 
 Erotomania {er-ot-o-ma' -ne-ali) {epcoc, love; 
 fiavca, madness]. Morbid exaggeration of 
 the affections, usually toward the opposite sex. 
 
 Erotopathy , Erotopathia (er-ot - op' - ath-e, 
 er-o-to-path' -e-ah) \epoJc, love; rtadoc, disease]. 
 Perverted sexual instinct. 
 
 Errabund {er'-a-bund) [errare, to wander]. 
 Erratic; wandering. 
 
 Errhine {er'-in) [iv, in; pec, the nose]. 1. 
 Causing discharges from the nose. 2. A med- 
 icine that increases nasal secretions; a ster- 
 nutatory. 
 
 Errhysis (er'-is-is) \eppe~cv, to go slowly]. Slow 
 bleeding. 
 
 Eructation {e-ruk-ta' -shun) [eructare, to belch]. 
 Belching. 
 
 Eruption {e-rup'-shun) \erumpere, to burst 
 out]. A bursting forth, especially applied to 
 the skin-lesions of the exanthematous dis- 
 eases. E., Koch's, a morbilliform eruption 
 .following the injection of tuberculin. E., 
 Miliary, an eruption of little vesicles occur- 
 ring in the course of febrile diseases. 
 
 Eruptive {e-rup'-tiv) [see Eruption]. Attended 
 by an eruption, as an eruptive fever. 
 
 Eryngium {er-in'-je-um) [ipoyyt], a sort of 
 thistle]. A genus of plants of the order 
 Umbelliferce. E. yuccazjolium is indigenous 
 to the western prairies and southern barrens 
 of the United States. The root is diaphoretic, 
 expectorant, and refrigerant. Dose of fluid- 
 extract 30-60 min. (1.8-3.7 Cc). 
 
 Erysipelas {er-is-ip'-el-as) \ipu6poc, red; ~kX\a, 
 skin]. An acute infectious disease due to 
 Streptococcus erysipelaiis (which is pro- 
 bably identical with the Streptococcus pyoge- 
 nes), and characterized by an inflammation 
 of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. E. 
 ambulans. See E., Wandering. E. bul- 
 losum, that attended with formation of bullas. 
 E. chronicum. Synonym of Erysipeloid. 
 E. diffusum, that in which the affected area 
 is not sharply defined, the redness merging 
 gradually with the color of the surrounding 
 skin. E., Facial, erysipelas of the face, the 
 most common form. After an initial chill 
 the temperature rises very high; there may 
 be vomiting and delirium, and the disease may 
 spread rapidly over a great part of the body. 
 The affected area is swollen, has a deep-red 
 color, an elevated margin, and itches. E. 
 glabrum, that in which the skin is tightly 
 stretched and has a smooth, shining appear- 
 ance. Syn., Erysipelas lave; Erysipelas 
 Icevigatum. E., Idiopathic, erysipelas oc- 
 curring without any visible wound. E., 
 Internal, E. internum, that affecting 
 the interior of the body, especially the 
 mucosas. E. lagve, E. laevigatum. See E. 
 glabrum. E. medicamentosum, a medi- 
 cine rash resembling erysipelas, but marked 
 by rapid development, the absence of well- 
 defined areas, and tenderness on pres- 
 sure. E. migrans. See E., Wandering. 
 E., Phlegmonous, a form of erysipelas in 
 which there is pus -formation. E., Pustular, 
 E. pustulosum, a variety of erysipelas 
 bullosum in which the bullas contain pus. 
 E., Serpiginous, a form which extends by 
 involving neighboring parts of the skin. E., 
 Spontaneous, that to which no external 
 cause can be assigned. E., Surgical, E., 
 Traumatic, erysipelas occurring in the site of 
 
ERYSIPELATOUS 
 
 396 
 
 ERYTHRODEXTRIN 
 
 a wound . E . , Symptomatic , that dependent 
 on some constitutional disorder. E., True, 
 that due to infection with Streptococcus erysipe- 
 latis, Fehleisen. See under Bacteria. E., Ven- 
 ous, that accompanied by venous conges- 
 tion and marked by a dark-red color which 
 does not entirely disappear on pressure. E. 
 verrucosum, that characterized by a warty 
 or lumpy appearance. E., Wandering, a 
 form in which the erysipelatous process 
 successively disappears from one part of the 
 body to appear subsequently at another part. 
 E., White, a variety of erysipelatous edema 
 in which there is no manifest dilation of the 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Erysipelatous (er-is-ip-eV -at-us) [erysipelas]. 
 Of the nature of or affected with erysipelas. 
 
 Erysipelococcus (er-is-ip-el-o-kok'-us). A 
 name for Streptococcus erysipelatis, to which 
 erysipelas is due. 
 
 Erysipeloid (er-is-ip 1 '-el-oid) [erysipelas; e}ooc, 
 likeness]. A noncontagious disease resembling 
 erysipelas. It is due to Cladothrix dichotoma. 
 Syn., Erysipelas chronicum; Erythema mi- 
 grans. 
 
 Erythema (er-ith-e'-mah) [epuda'cvecv, to make 
 red]. A redness of the skin occurring in 
 patches of variable size and shape. E. 
 aestivum, an intense itching and burning, 
 attended with swelling and formation of 
 bullas, attacking the feet and ankles of those 
 who walk barefooted in hay -fields. E. a 
 frigore, E. a gelu, chilblain. E., Amor- 
 phous, that in which the efflorescence is irregu- 
 lar in outline and arrangement. E. angeiec- 
 taticum, Auspitz's term for rosacea in order 
 to convey the idea of its dependence upon 
 dilation of the cutaneous blood-vessels. E. 
 annulare, a form of erythema multiforme in 
 which the lesions shrink and desquamate at 
 the center, but continue to extend at the 
 periphery by a raised margin. E., Choleraic, 
 erythema multiforme occurring in cholera 
 patients, chiefly affecting the extremities and 
 marked by papules bluish-red or livid in color. 
 It has been observed as occurring at both the 
 initial and the declining stage of the disease. 
 E. diffusum, a form resembling scar- 
 latina, with ill-defined outline, the red 
 color of the affected skin merging gradually 
 into that of the surrounding parts. E. 
 enematogenes, an eruption sometimes ob- 
 served in children on the anterior surface of 
 the knees, backs of the elbows, buttocks, and 
 face, appearing from 12 to 24 hours after the 
 administration of enemas. It lasts from 24 
 to 48 hours, is rarely followed by desquama- 
 tion, and gives rise to no constitutional dis- 
 turbance. E., Infectious, a name given to 
 erythema multiforme to express the theory of 
 its infectious character. E. intertrigo, in- 
 tertrigo; a hyperemia of the skin occurring 
 where the folds of the integument come in 
 contact. The epidermis may be abraded. 
 E., Lewin's, of the Larynx, simple syphilitic 
 catarrh of the larynx. E. migrans. Synonym 
 of Erysipeloid. E. multiforme, an acute 
 
 inflammatory skin disease characterized by 
 reddish macules, papules, or tubercles, usually 
 appearing on the legs and forearms. It is 
 often ushered in by gastric distress and 
 
 . rheumatic pains. E. nodosum, dermatitis 
 contusiformis, an inflammatory disease char- 
 acterized by the formation, especially on the 
 tibial surfaces, of rounded, elevated, erythema- 
 tous nodules. E. solare. See E., Symptoma- 
 tic. E., Symptomatic, a hyperemia of the 
 skin, either diffuse or in nonelevated patches. 
 It is either idiopathic, as when arising from 
 the action of the sun (erythema solare), or due 
 to various poisons (erythema venenatum), or 
 it is symptomatic of systemic disease or gastro- 
 intestinal disorder. E. venenatum. See 
 E., Symptomatic. 
 
 Erythematica (er-ith-e-mat'-ik-ah) [erythema]. 
 A form of idiopathic enteritis, according to 
 Cullen. 
 
 Erythematous (er-ith-em' -at-us) [erythema]. 
 Of the nature of erythema. 
 
 Erythrasa (er-ith-re' -ah) [kpudpa'coc, red]. A 
 genus of gentians. E. centaurium, the 
 European centaury, is tonic . and antipyre- 
 tic. Dose of extract 5-30 gr. (0.32-1.9 Gm.). 
 E. venusta, a California species, is a valuable 
 bitter tonic and stomachic. 
 
 Erythrasma (er-ith-raz'-mah) [ipodpog, red]. 
 A rare skin disease attacking the axillas or 
 inguinal region or the buttocks. It forms 
 reddish or brownish, sharply defined, slightly 
 raised, desquamating patches, that cause no 
 itching or inconvenience. It is due to Ba- 
 cillus epidermidis. 
 
 Erythremelalgia (er-ith-rem-el-aV -je-ah) . See 
 Erythromelalgia . 
 
 Erythro- (er-ith-ro-) [ipudpoc, red]. A prefix 
 signifying of a red color. 
 
 Erythroblast (er-ith'-ro-blast) [erythro-; ftXaoxoc, 
 a germ]. A rudimentary red blood -corpuscle. 
 
 Erythrocyte (er-ith'-ro-sil) [erythro-; nuzog, a 
 cell]. A red blood-corpuscle. 
 
 Erythro cytolysis (er-ith-ro-si-toV -is-is) [erythro- 
 cyte; Xbocc, a loosing]. The plasmolysis of red 
 blood-corpuscles; the escape of soluble sub- 
 stances and the reduction of the volume of 
 the corpuscle. 
 
 Erythrocytometer (er-ith-ro-si-tom' -et-er) [ery- 
 throcyte; fiirpov, a measure]. A heavy, gradu- 
 ated, glass capillary tube, the lumen of which 
 is expanded near the upper end into a bulb 
 containing a small cubic glass bead which 
 serves as a stirrer. It is used in counting 
 erythrocytes. Cf. Leukocytometer. 
 
 Erythrocytorrhexis (er-ith-ro-si - tor - reks' -is) . 
 See Plasmorrhexis. 
 
 Erythro cy to schisis (er - ith - ro - si - tos' - kis - is) 
 [erythrocyte; ox'cocc, cleavage]. The splitting- 
 up of red blood-corpuscles into discs resemb- 
 ling blood-platelets. Cf. Plasmoschisis. 
 
 Erythrocytosis (er-ith-ro-si-to'-sis) [erythrocyte]. 
 1. The formation of red blood-corpuscles. 2. 
 The presence in the blood, before birth, of red 
 cells with nuclei and with karyokinetic figures. 
 
 Erythrodextrin (er-ith-ro-deks'-trin) [erythro-; 
 dexter, right]. A dextrin formed by the 
 
ERYTHROGRANULOSE 
 
 397 
 
 ESERIN 
 
 action of saliva on starch. It yields a red 
 color with iodin. 
 
 Erythrogranulose {er - ith -ro - gran' - u- Ids) 
 [erythro-; granulum, a little grain]. A 
 granular substance, found in starch-grains, 
 coloring red with iodin. 
 
 Erythrol {er' -ith-rol) [ipudpoc, red], i. C 4 H 6 - 
 (OH) 4 . A crystalline alkaloid from certain 
 algae and lichens. 2. A double salt of bis- 
 muth and cinchonidin. It is used in rare 
 forms of dyspepsia in which acid reaction 
 of the gastric juice is accompanied by the 
 production of butyric acid. E. Tetranitrate, 
 (CH 2 ON0 2 ) 2 (CHO . N0 2 ) 2 , large scales, solu- 
 ble in alcohol, insoluble in water, exploding 
 on percussion; recommended as a substitute 
 for amyl nitrite and nitroglycerin in angina 
 pectoris, asthma, lead colic, and cardiac af- 
 fections. Dose J-i gr. (0.03-0.06 Gm.). 
 
 Erythro ly sin {er -ith-rol' -is-in) . See Hemolysin. 
 
 Erythromelalgia {er - ith -ro- mel - al'-je - ah) 
 [erythro-; [ikXoc, a limb; dXyog, pain]. An 
 affection of the distal parts of the extremi- 
 ties, particularly the feet, characterized by 
 redness and neuralgic pain. The disease is 
 very obstinate; its pathology is not well un- 
 derstood. It may be a vasomotor neurosis, 
 a neuritis of the peripheral nerves, or it may 
 be due to changes in the spinal cord. 
 
 Erythromelia {er-ith-ro-me' -le-ah) [erythro-; 
 fieXoc, limb]. An affection of the extensor 
 surfaces of the arms and legs, characterized 
 by painless progressive redness of the skin; 
 it is distinct from erythromelalgia. 
 
 Erythronium {er-ith-ro' -ne-um) [ipudpoc, red]. 
 A genus of liliaceous plants. E. ameri- 
 canum is a species indigenous to the United 
 States; the bulb and all parts of the plant 
 are emetic. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.3-1.9 Gm.). 
 
 Erythrophil {er-ith' -ro-fil) [erythro-; (f>cXelv, to 
 love]. Auerbach's term for the red-staining 
 nuclear substance of animal _and vegetal 
 cells. 
 
 Erythrophilous {er-ith-ro j'-il-us) [see Erythro- 
 phil]. Having an especial affinity for red dyes. 
 
 Erythrophlein {er-ith-ro}' -le-in) [erythro-; 
 <f>Xoibe, bark]. A poisonous alkaloid from 
 casca-bark. E. Hydro chlorate, a local 
 anesthetic and cardiac tonic; used chiefly in 
 ophthalmology in 0.05 to 0.25% solution. 
 Dose 3V —tV gr. (0.002-0.004 Gm.). 
 
 Erythrophleum {er-ith-rof'-le-um). Casca- 
 bark. 
 
 Erythropsia {er-ith-rop' -se-ah) [erythro-; o^cc, 
 vision]. An abnormity of vision in which all 
 objects appear red; red vision. 
 
 Erythropykno sis {er - ith -ro- pik - no' - sis) 
 [erythro-; nunvbc, thick]. Degenerative 
 changes in the invaded erythrocyte, charac- 
 teristic of the estivoautumnal infections. It 
 consists in the development of a brassy 
 appearance of the blood-cell, together with 
 distinct crenation. 
 
 Erythrosin {er-ith-ro' -sin) [erythro-; tyrosin], 
 CaoHjgN^Og. A compound product by the 
 action of HN0 3 on tyrosin. It is used as a 
 coloring-matter. 
 
 Erythrosis {er-ith-ro' -sis) [ipodpoc, red]. 1. Ar- 
 terial plethora, or the redness of the skin due to 
 it. 2. An exaggerated tendency to blush. 
 
 Erythroxylin {er-ith-roks' -il-in) [erythro-; $uXov, 
 wood]. Synonym of Cocain. 
 
 Erythroxylon {er-ith-roks' -il-on) [see Erythrox- 
 ylin]. Coca. The leaves of E. coca, a shrub 
 indigenous to the Andes. It contains an alka- 
 loid, cocain, C 17 H 21 N0 4 , to which its properties 
 are mainly due. It is an aromatic tonic and 
 cerebral stimulant. Dose of coca {erythroxy- 
 lon coca, B. P.) 2-15 gr. (0.13-1.0 Gm.); of 
 the fluidextract {fluidextractum cocce, U. S. 
 P.) 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc); of the liquid 
 extract {extr actum cocce liquidum, B. P.) 20 
 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc). 
 
 Eschar {es'-kar) [£o%apa, a scab]. A slough, 
 especially that produced by the thermocau- 
 tery. E., Neuropathic, a bed-sore. 
 
 Escharotic {es-kar-of -ik) [ia^npcorcKoc;]- 1. 
 Caustic; producing _ a slough. 2. A sub- 
 stance that produces an eschar; a caustic. 
 
 Esciorcin, ^Esciorcin {es-e-or' -sin) [Aisculus, 
 a genus of trees; orcin], C a H 8 4 . A product 
 of esculetin by action of sodium amalgam. 
 It dissolves in alkalis, green changing to red, 
 and is used in discovering corneal defects and 
 lesions of conjunctival epithelium, the red 
 color being more distinct on the iris than the 
 green color of fluorescein. Application, 1 drop 
 of 10 to 20% aqueous solution. 
 
 Esciorcinol {es-e-or' -sin-ol) . Same as Esciorcin. 
 
 Escorcin, iEscorcin {es-kor'-sin). See Es- 
 ciorcin. 
 
 Esculetin {es-ku-W -tin) [Msculus, a genus of 
 trees], C 9 H 6 4 . A substance present in the 
 bark of the horse-chestnut, partly free, and 
 partly as the glucosid esculin, from which it 
 is prepared. 
 
 Esculin {es'-ku-lin) [see Esculetin], C 15 H 16 9 . A 
 glucosid from horse-chestnut bark. 
 
 Eseridin {es-er' -id-in) . An alkaloid, C 15 H 23 - 
 N3O3. It is a laxative and motor excitant 
 and is recommended as a cathartic in veterin- 
 ary practice. Its uses are the same as eserin, 
 but it is only -one-sixth as powerful. Sub- 
 cutaneous dose \-\ gr. (0.01-0.02 Gm.). 
 
 Eserin, Eserinum {es'-er-in, es-er-e' -num) [esere, 
 native name of the plant or bean]. An alka- 
 loid obtained from the Calabar bean, and said 
 to be identical with physostigmin {q. v.). E. 
 Benzoate, C 15 H 21 N 3 2 . C 7 H fi 2 , used in 
 the same way as is eserin. E. Borate, is 
 mydriatic; the solutions are permanent and 
 nonirritating, used in same way as is eserin. 
 E.-pilocarpin, a combination of eserin and 
 pilocarpin forming a white, crystalline,, soluble 
 powder. It is anodyne and laxative and used 
 in veterinary practice in colic of horses. 
 Injection, 6 gr. (0.4 Gm.) in 5 Cc. of water. 
 E. Salicylate, C 15 H 2: N 3 2 . C 7 H 6 3 , is used 
 in 5 % solutions to contract the pupil ; red 
 solutions have lost their power. It is also 
 used in intestinal atony. Dose ^V^o EF- 
 (0.0016-0.003 Gm.), divided into 2, 3, or 4. 
 doses; other uses and dosage the same as 
 of eserin. E. Sulfate, used in same way as 
 
ESM ARCH'S BANDAGE 
 
 398 
 
 ESTIVOAUTUMNAL FEVER 
 
 eserin; also, hypodermatically in veterin- 
 ary practice for colic. Dose i| gr. (o.i Gm.). 
 E. Tartrate, (C 15 H 21 N 3 2 ) 2 C 4 H 6 6 , uses and 
 dosage the same as of eserin. 
 
 Esmarch's Bandage, E.'s Apparatus. An 
 elastic rubber bandage used upon a limb to 
 be amputated, in order to drive the blood out 
 of it by the pressure of progressive turns 
 about the limb toward the trunk. E.'s 
 Tubes, tubes on the sides of which agar 
 or gelatin has been solidified in a thin layer, 
 by rapid turning of the tube on ice or under 
 ice-water. 
 
 Esodic (e-sod'-ik) [ic, into; odoc, way]. Afferent. 
 
 Esoethmoiditis (es - o - eth - moid - i' - tis) [eoaj,- 
 within; ethmoiditis]. Osteomyelitis of the 
 ethmoid. 
 
 Esohyperphoria (es -o -hi- per-Jo f -re-ah). See 
 Hyperesophoria under Heterophoria. 
 
 Esophageal (e-sof-af-e-al) [esophagus]. Per- 
 taining or belonging to the esophagus. 
 
 Esophageurysma (e-so-faj-ur-iz' -mah) [esoph- 
 agus; eupuveev, to widen]. Abnormal dilation 
 of the esophagus. 
 
 Esophagismus (e-sof-aj-iz'-mus) [esophagus]. 
 Spasmodic contraction of the esophagus. 
 
 Esophagitis (e-sof-aj-i'-tis) [esophagus; exec, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the esophagus. 
 
 Esophago- (e-sof-a-go-) [esophagus]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to the esophagus. 
 
 Esophagocele (e-sof'-ag-o-sel) [esophago-; ktjXtj, 
 hernia]. An abnormal distention of a portion 
 of the esophagus. 
 
 Esophagoectasis (e-sof-ag-o-ek-ta 1 '-sis) [esopha- 
 go-; enrEcvecv, to stretch]. Diffuse spindle- 
 form dilation of the esophagus, almost always 
 due to stenosis of the cardia. 
 
 Esophagoenterostomy (e-sof-ag-o-en-ter-os' -to- 
 me) [esophago-; enterostomy]. Schlatter's 
 operation for the total extirpation of the 
 stomach; the esophagus is first sutured to 
 the duodenum. 
 
 Esophagometer (e-sof-ag-om' '-et-er) [esophago-; 
 p.kxpov, a measure]. An instrument for measur- 
 ing the esophagus. 
 
 Esophagomycosis (e-sof-ag-o-mi-ko' -sis) [esoph- 
 ago-; mycosis]. Disease of the esophagus 
 caused by fungi. 
 
 Esophagoplasty (e-sof ' -ag-o-plast-e) [esophago-; 
 nXaooeev, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the 
 esophagus. 
 
 Esophagoptosis (e-sof-ag-o-to 1 '-sis) [esophago-; 
 nzcbocc, a falling]. Prolapse of the esophagus. 
 
 Esophagoscope (e-sof-ag'-o-skop) [esophago-; 
 oKoxelv, to view]. An instrument for examining 
 the interior of the esophagus by artificial light. 
 
 Esophagoscopy ((e-sof-ag-os' -ko-pe) [see Esoph- 
 agoscope]. Examination of the interior of the 
 esophagus by means of the esophagoscope. 
 
 Esophagospasm (e-sof -ag-o-spazm). See Eso- 
 phagismus. 
 
 Esophagostenosis (e-sof-ag-o-sten-o' -sis) [esoph- 
 ago-; oxkvwoec, constriction]. Constriction 
 of the esophagus. 
 
 Esophagostoma (e-sof-ag-os' -to-mah) [esopha- 
 go-; o-6/j.a, a mouth]. An abnormal aperture 
 or passage into the esophagus. 
 
 Esophagectomy (e-sof-ag-os' -to-me) [see Eso- 
 phagostoma]. The formation of an artificial 
 opening in the esophagus. E. externa, the 
 surgical opening of the esophagus from the 
 surface of the neck for the removal of foreign 
 bodies. E. interna, incision of the esophagus 
 from the inside by means of the esophago- 
 tome for relief of stricture. 
 
 Esophagotome (e - so} - ag' - o - torn) . An in- 
 strument devised for cutting into the esoph- 
 agus. 
 
 Esophagotomy (e-sof -ag-ot' -o-me) [esophago-; 
 ropLTj, a cutting]. Opening of the esophagus 
 by an incision. 
 
 Esophagus (e-sof -ag-us) [oeoocfrayoc, the gul- 
 let]. The gullet, a musculomembranous 
 canal, about nine inches in length, extending 
 from the pharynx to the stomach. 
 
 Esophoria (es-o-fo'-re-ah). See Heterophoria. 
 
 Esosphenoiditis (es-o-sfe-noid-i'-tis) [eoco, with- 
 in; sphenoid; exec, inflammation]. Osteomye- 
 litis of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Esoteric (e-so-ter'-ik) [iocoxepoc, within]. Aris- 
 ing within the organism. 
 
 Esothyropexy (es-o-thi'-ro-peks-e). See Exo- 
 thyropexy. 
 
 Esotropia (e-so-tro'-pe-ah) [eoco, inward; xpkizzev, 
 to turn]. Convergent strabismus. 
 
 Espnoic (esp-no'-ik) [ic, into; nvorj, vapor], 
 i. Inspiratory. 2. Relating to the injection 
 of gases or vapors. 
 
 Essence (es'-ens) [essentia, essence]. 1. That 
 which gives to anything its character or 
 peculiar quality. 2. The peculiar qualities 
 of a drug extracted and reduced to a small 
 compass. 3. A solution of an essential oil 
 in alcohol. 
 
 Essential (es-en'-shal) [essence]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to the essence of a substance. 2. Of 
 diseases, occurring without a known cause. 
 E. Oils, the volatile oils obtained from aro- 
 matic plants by distillation or fermentation. 
 
 Ester (es'-ter). A compound ether containing 
 both an acid and an alcohol radicle. 
 
 Esthesioblast (es-the 1 ' -ze-o-blast) [a'eodrjoec, sen- 
 sation; ftXaoxoc, a germ]. Same as Ganglio- 
 blast. 
 
 Esthesiometer (es-ihe-ze-om'-e-ter) [a'eadrjoec, 
 sensation; jitcpov, a measure]. An instru- 
 ment for measuring tactile sensibility. 
 
 Esthesioneure (es - the' -ze-o - nur) [a'eadrjaec, 
 sensation; vtbpov, a nerve]. A sensory 
 neuron. 
 
 Esthiomene (es-the-om'-en-e) [iodeofievT), eating]. 
 Lupus vulgaris. 
 
 Estival (es'-tiv-al) [cestas, summer]. In biology, 
 produced in summer. 
 
 Estivoautumnal Fever. See Fever, Remittent. 
 E. Parasite, a parasite found in the blood in 
 cases of malaria; two forms have been found, 
 that of the quotidian type differing from that 
 found in tertian estivoautumnal fever. The 
 stages of growth are the hyaline body, pig- 
 mented body, segmenting body, and crescent 
 phase. The cycle of development is completed 
 in 24 hours in the quotidian, and in 48 hours 
 in the tertian cases. 
 
ESTLANDER'S OPERATION 
 
 Estlander's Operation. An excision of por- 
 tions of one or more ribs for the relief of 
 empyema. 
 
 Estimation (es-tru-a' -shun) [eslrum]. Sexual 
 excitement; the socalled heat of animals. 
 
 Estrum (es'-trum) [olorpoc, gadfly]. Sexual 
 desire; the orgasm. 
 
 Estuarium {es-tu-a'-re-um) [cestus, heat], i. A 
 vapor-bath; also a stove designed to apply 
 warm, dry air to all parts of the body at the 
 same time. 2. A tube through which a hot 
 cautery-iron can be passed to the part to 
 be operated upon. 
 
 Esuritis (es-u-ri' -tis) [esuries, hunger]. 'Gastric 
 ^ulceration from inanition. 
 
 Etat Mamellone (et-ah mah-mel-on-a) [Fr.]. 
 A condition of the stomach in chronic gastritis 
 in which there is a projection of small eleva- 
 tions consisting of hyperplastic mucous mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Ethane (eth'-dn) [ether]. Paraffin; any one of 
 the products of the dry distillation of wood, 
 turf, bituminous shales, lignite, bituminous 
 coal, and other coals rich in hydrogen. 
 
 Ethanol (eth' -an-ol) . See Alcohol (2). 
 
 Ethene (eth' -en). Same as Ethylene. E. 
 Chlorid, C 2 H 4 C1 2 . Dutch liquid. An anes- 
 thetic resembling chloroform, but less danger- 
 ous. 
 
 Ether, iEther (e'-ther) [afflrjp, the upper 
 air]. 1. The subtle fluid filling space and 
 penetrating all bodies, the medium of trans- 
 mission of light, heat, electricity, and magne- 
 tism. 2. A compound formed hypothetically 
 from H 2 by the substitution of two alcohol 
 radicles for the H. 3. Diethylic oxid (C 2 H 5 ) 2 - 
 O, a thin, colorless, volatile, and highly in- 
 flammable liquid. The ether of the U. S. P. 
 contains 96 % by weight of absolute ether 
 and about 4 % of alcohol containing a little 
 water; its specific gravity at 15 C. is 0.725- 
 
 f 0.728. Its chief use is as an anesthetic, 
 it being less dangerous than chloroform. It 
 is also employed as a cardiac stimulant in 
 sudden heart-failure and as a carminative. 
 Dose by the mouth 30 min.-2 dr. (2-8 Cc.) 
 in ice -water. Syn., Ethyl oxid; Ethy lie ether; 
 Sulfuric ether. E., Acetic ((Ether aceticus, 
 U. S. P.), has properties like those of ethy lie 
 ether. Dose 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). 
 E., Anesthetic. 1. A mixture of ether, 20 
 parts; rhigolene, 80 parts; and petroleum 
 ether, 80 parts; it is used as a local 
 anesthetic. 2. A mixture of absolute alcohol 
 and ether, each, 1 part, and petroleum 
 ether, 4 parts. E., Chlormethylmenthyl-, 
 C 10 . H 19 — O . CH 2 C1, obtained from the 
 action of formaldehyd upon menthol in the 
 presence of hydrochloric acid. It is used 
 in the treatment of catarrhal affections of 
 the air-passages. Syn., Forman. E., Com- 
 pound Anesthetic, a combination of equal 
 parts of rhigolene and anhydrous ethyl-ether 
 employed as a spray to produce local anesthe- 
 sia. E., Ethylic. See Ether (3). E., Ethyl- 
 methyl, CH3O . C 2 H 5 , obtained from sodium 
 methylate by the action of ethyl iodid; it is 
 
 399 ETHMOCARDITIS 
 
 said to be an effectual anesthetic, free from 
 baleful effects. M. fortior, the ether of the 
 U. S. P. E., Hydriodic. See Ethyl Iodid. 
 E., Hydrobromic, ethyl bromid. Dose 10 
 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). E. -menthol- 
 chloroform, a combination of ether, 15 
 parts; chloroform, 10 parts; and menthol, 
 1 part; it is used as an anesthetic spray. 
 E., Methylethyl, C 3 H 8 0, a mixed ether 
 composed of one molecule of ethyl and one 
 of methyl, combined with one atom of 
 oxygen. It is used as an anesthetic. 
 Syn., Three-carbon ether. E., Ozone, E., 
 Ozonic, E., Ozonized, a mixture of ether, 
 hydrogen peroxid, and alcohol. It is used in 
 diabetes and whooping-cough. Dose 30-60 
 gr. (2-4 Gm.) 3 times daily. It is used also 
 as a local antiseptic in scarlatina. E., 
 Spirit of (spiritus (Ether is, U. S. P.), a solution 
 of ether in twice its volume of alcohol. E., 
 Spirit of, Compound (spiritus celheris com- 
 posilus, U. S. P.). See Hoffmann's Anodyne. 
 E., Sulfurated, a mixture of sulfur, 1 
 part; ether, 10 parts. It is used in cholera 
 in teaspoonful doses mixed with carbonated 
 water. E., Sulfuric. See Ether (3). E., 
 Terebinthinated, a combination of ether, 
 4 parts, and oil of turpentine, 1 or 2 parts. 
 It is used in the treatment of gall-stone. Dose 
 10-20 min. (0.6-1.2 Cc). E., Wiggers' 
 Anesthetic. See Ethyl Chlorid, Polychlorated. 
 
 Ethereal (e-the'-re-al) [ether]. 1. Pertaining to 
 the ether. 2. Made of ether, as ethereal 
 tinctures. 3. Volatile. 
 
 Etheride (e'-ther-id). A comprehensive term 
 for any combination of formyl with a haloid. 
 
 Etherin, Etherine (e'-thcr-in, -en). 1. C 16 H 32 
 ( ?) . A solid, crystalline body, obtained from 
 ethylene by distillation. 2. A toxin extracted 
 in ether, by Auclair, from tubercle bacilli. 
 Syn., Ether obacillin. 
 
 Etherioscope (e-the'-re-o-skop) [ether; otconeev, 
 to examine]. An apparatus for estimating 
 the proportions of ether or of acetic acid to 
 water in a given solution. 
 
 Etherization (e-ther-iz-d '-shun) [ether]. The 
 administration of ether to produce anesthesia. 
 This is effected by inhalation of the vapor. 
 
 Etherize (e'-ther -iz) [ether]. To administer ether. 
 
 Etherobacillin (e-ther-o-bas-iV -in) . See Ether- 
 in (2). 
 
 Ethero chloroform (e-ther-o-klo'-ro-form). A 
 mixture of ether and chloroform employed in 
 long-continued anesthesia. 
 
 Etheryl (e'-ther-il). See Ethylene. 
 
 Ethidene (eth' -id-en) [ether], C 2 H 4 . Ethylidene, 
 a bivalent radicle. E. Chlorid, E. Dichlorid, 
 a colorless fluid, tasting and smelling like 
 chloroform. It has been used as a general 
 anesthetic. See under Anesthetic. 
 
 Ethin, Ethine (eth' -in, -en). See Acetylene. 
 
 Ethiomopemphigus (eth-e-o-mo-pem'-fe-gus) 
 [Wifioc, accustomed; nipefic^, a pustule]. Con- 
 tinued or habitual pemphigus. 
 
 Ethionic (eth-e-on'-ik) [ethylene; duov, sulfur]. 
 Made up of ethylene and a sulfur compound. 
 
 Ethmocarditis (eth-mo-kar-di'-tis) [rfipioc, a 
 
ETHMOCEPHALUS 
 
 400 
 
 ETHYLENIMID 
 
 
 sieve; napo'ca, heart; a eg, inflammation]. In- 
 flammation of the connective tissue of the heart. 
 
 Ethmocephalus (eth-mo-sej f -al-us) [rjd/xoc, a 
 sieve; K£<f>aXi}, head]. A variety of single 
 autositic monsters in which there is a rudi- 
 mentary nose in the shape of a proboscis 
 terminating anteriorly in two imperfect nos- 
 trils or in a single opening. 
 
 Ethmodermitis (eth-mo-derm-i' -tis) [rjOiiog, a 
 sieve; dipfia, the skin; ex eg, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the connective tissue of the 
 skin. 
 
 Ethmoid (eth' '-moid) \j)d[xog, a, sieve; eldoc, 
 likeness], i. The sieve-like bone of the nose, 
 perforated for the transmission of the olfac- 
 tory nerve; it forms a part of the base of the 
 skull. 2. Relating to the ethmoid bone. 
 
 Ethmoiditis (eth-moi-di' -tis) [ethmoid; txec, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the ethmoid 
 bone or of the ethmoid sinuses. 
 
 Ethmoidofrontal (eth-moid-o-}ront r -at) . Re- 
 lating to the ethmoid and frontal bones. 
 
 Ethmolacrimal (eth-mo-lak' '-re-mat) . Relat- 
 ing to the junction of the ethmoid and lacrimal 
 bones. 
 
 Ethmopalatine (eth-mo-paV -a-ten) . Relating 
 to the ethmoid and palatal bones, area, or 
 cartilage. 
 
 Ethmophlogosis (eth-mo-flo-go' '-sis) . See Cel- 
 lulitis. 
 
 Ethmosphenoid (eth-mo-sfe' -noid) . Relating to 
 the ethmoid and sphenoid bones. 
 
 Ethmo vomerine (eth-mo-vo'-mer-en). Relat- 
 ing to the ethmoid bone and the vomer. 
 
 Ethmyphitis (eth-mif-i f -tis). See Cellulitis. 
 
 Ethnology (eth-nol r -o-je) [edvoc, a nation; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The comparative study of the races 
 of mankind. 
 
 Ethoxid (eth-oks'-id), R. O . C 2 H 5 . A com- 
 pound of ethyl, oxygen, and a radicle or ele- 
 ment; an ethylate. 
 
 Ethoxycaffein (eth-oks-e-kaf'-e-in), C 10 H 14 N 4 O 3 . 
 A remedy recommended in herpes zoster and 
 migraine. Dose 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.). 
 
 Ethyl (eth'-il) [ether; Mr), matter]. The 
 alcohol radicle, C 2 H 5 . Syn., Deutyl. E.- 
 acetanilid, C 10 H 13 NO, obtained from ethyl, 
 anilin, and acetyl chlorid by heating. It is an- 
 algesic and antipyretic. Syn., Acetethylanilid. 
 E. -alcohol, ordinary alcohol of the phar- 
 macopeia. See under Alcohol. E. Bisulfid, 
 C 4 H 10 S 2 , a highly inflammable, colorless, oily 
 liquid with odor of garlic; soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and chloroform; slightly soluble in 
 water. E. Bromid, C 2 H 5 Br, a rapid and tran- 
 sient anesthetic; internally it has been recom- 
 mended as a soporific in doses of 5-20 min. 
 (0.3-1.3 Cc.) greatly diluted with ice-water. 
 Syn., Bromethyl; Monobromethane. See under 
 Anesthetic. E. Carbamate (cefhylis carbamis, 
 U. S. P.), urethane. E. Carbonate. 
 C 5 H 10 O 3 , an inflammable, colorless, fragrant 
 liquid, soluble in alcohol and ether, boils at 
 126 C.; sp. gr., 0.999 at o° C. E.-chloral- 
 urethane. SeeSomnal. E. Chlorid (cethylis 
 chloridum, U. S. P.), C 2 H 5 C1, an anesthetic 
 resembling chloroform in action. E. Chlorid, 
 
 Polychlorated, a combination of chlorinated 
 ethyl chlorids; a clear, colorless liquid, with 
 aromatic odor, miscible in alcohol and ether. 
 It is a local anesthetic and irritant. E. 
 Formate, C 3 H 6 2 , a colorless liquid with 
 fragrance of peach-kernels, soluble in ether, 
 water, and alcohol. It is hypnotic and anal- 
 gesic. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). Syn., 
 Formic ether. E. Iodid, C^TIT, hydriodic 
 ether, used to relieve the dyspnea of bronchitic 
 asthma and edematous laryngitis. Dose to 
 be inhaled 5 min. (0.32 Cc.) 3 or 4 times 
 daily. E. Lactate, C 5 H 10 O 3 , a yellowish or 
 colorless limpid- liquid, soluble in water; it 
 is hypnotic and sedative. Dose 8-16 min. (0.5- 
 1 Cc). E. Nitrite, C^NO,, a very volatile, 
 inflammable, ethereal liquid; it is used in 
 alcoholic solution and called sweet spirit of 
 niter. E. Oxid. See Ether (3) . E.-pyoktanin, 
 is recommended in surgery and ophthalmology 
 as more active than ordinary pyoktanin. E. 
 Sulfid, C 4 H 10 S, an oily liquid with an odor of 
 garlic, soluble in alcohol; melts at 93 C; sp. 
 gr., 0.837 at 20 C. E.-thallin, C i2 H 17 NO, an 
 antipyretic alkaloid. E. Thiocarbimid, C 3 - 
 H 5 NS; it is used as a local irritant in rheu- 
 matism, etc Syn., Ethyl mustard oil. E. 
 Valerianate, C 7 H 14 2 , a reaction-product of 
 sodium isovalerianate, alcohol, and sulfuric 
 acid; it is antispasmic and sedative. Dose 
 1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 Cc.) several times daily. 
 Syn., Isovaleric ether. 
 
 Ethylamin (eth -if -am- in) [ethyl; amin], 
 C 2 H 7 N. A ptomain found in putrefying 
 yeast. E. Urate, a remedy for gout and vesical 
 calculi. 
 
 Ethylate (eth'-il-dt). A compound of ethylic 
 alcohol in which the H of the hydroxy! is 
 replaced by a base. 
 
 Ethylene (eth'-il-en) [ethyl], defiant gas, C 2 H 4 . 
 A colorless, poisonous gas which burns with a 
 bright, luminous flame, and when mixed with 
 air explodes violently. It is one of the constit- 
 uents of illuminating gas. E. Bichlorid, E. 
 Chlorid. See Ethene Chlorid. E. Bromid, 
 a light, brownish-colored liquid with the 
 formula C 2 H 4 Br 2 . It has been used in epilepsy. 
 Dose f-2 min. (0.05-0.13 Cc). E. Chlorid, 
 Monochlorinated, CXIgClg, a colorless liquid 
 with pleasant odor, obtained from vinyl chlorid 
 by action of antimony pentachlorid ; it is used 
 as an anesthetic. Syn., Monochlor ethylene 
 chlorid; Vinyl trichlorid. E.-guaiacol. See 
 Guaiacol Ethylenate. 
 
 Ethylenediamin (eth-il-en-di'-a-min). A non- 
 poisonous base isomeric with ethylidene- 
 diamin; a solvent of albumin and fibrin, 
 used in diphtheria. E.-cresol, a color- 
 less liquid used as a wound antiseptic 
 E.-tricresol, a mixture of ethylenediamin, 10 
 parts; tricresol, 10 parts; distilled water, 500 
 parts; it is used as an antiseptic in 0.1 to 1 % 
 solution. Syn., Kresamin. 
 
 Ethylenethenyl diamin (eth-il-en-eth-en-il-dl'- 
 am-in). See Lysidin. 
 
 Ethylenimid, Ethylenimin (eth-il-en-im f -id, 
 -4n). 1. See Piper azin. 2. C 2 H 5 N. A non- 
 
ETHYLIC 
 
 401 
 
 EUDOSMOI. 
 
 poisonous base found in cholera cultures and 
 believed to be identical with spermin. 
 
 Ethylic (eth-iV-ik). Relating to or obtained 
 from ethyl. E. Alcohol, ethyl-alcohol. E. 
 Aldehyd, acetic aldehyd. E. Ether. See 
 Ether (3). ' 
 
 Ethylidene (eth-iV -id-en). See Ethidene. 
 
 Ethylidenediamin (eth-il-id-en-dV -a -min), 
 C 2 H 4 ,(NH 2 ) 2 . A poisonous ptomain obtained 
 from decomposing haddock. Injections into 
 mice and guineapigs produce hypersecretion 
 from mouth, nose, and eyes, mydriasis, exoph- 
 thalmos, great dyspnea, and death. 
 
 Ethylism (eth'-il-izm). Poisoning by ethyl- 
 alcohol. 
 
 Ethylization (eth-il-i-za r -shun) . The induction 
 of the physiologic effects of ethyl bromid. 
 
 Ethylize (etli'-il-iz). To anesthetize with ethyl 
 bromid. 
 
 Ethylol (eth'-il-ol). Ethyl chlorid. 
 
 Ethylphenylcarbamate, Ethylphenylure- 
 thane (eih-il-je-nil-kar' -ba-mat, -u' -re-thdn) . 
 See Euphorin. 
 
 Etiologic (e-te-ol-oj'-ik) . Pertaining to etiology. 
 
 Etiology (e-te-ol'-o-je) [ahca, a cause; Xoyoc, 
 science]. 1. The causation of disease. 2. 
 The science of the causes of the phenomena 
 of life and their relation to physical laws in 
 general. 
 
 Etionymous, ^Etionymous (e-te-on' -im-us) 
 [ahca, a cause; ovufxa, name]. A term de- 
 rived from the name of a cause; it is applied 
 to diseases; e. g., alcoholism, lead-colic. 
 
 Eubiol (u'-be-ol). A preparation of hemoglobin. 
 
 Eubiose (u'-be-oz). A highly concentrated 
 proprietary hematogenous substance. 
 
 Eucain (u'-ka-in) . The commercial name for a 
 local anesthetic used as a substitute for cocain. 
 a-E.,E.A,Alpha-e.,C 19 H 27 N0 4 . HC1 + H 2 0, 
 abenzoyl-n-methyltetramethyl-y-oxypiperidin- 
 carboxylicmethylester, occurring in glossy 
 prisms melting at 104 C. The hydrochlorate 
 is used. Application to nose or throat, 5 to 
 10% solution; dental surgery, 10% solution. 
 /?-E., E. B, Beta-e., _ C 15 H 21 N0 2 . HC1, 
 benzoylvinyldiacetonalkamin hydrochlorid ; 
 white crystals soluble in 3 J parts of water, 
 melting at 263 C. It is used in 2 % solution 
 in dental surgery as more active and less 
 toxic than cocain, for which it is used as a 
 substitute. /?-E. Acetate, recommended for 
 use in ophthalmology. 
 
 Eucalyptene (u-kal-ip'-ten), C 10 H 16 . A hydro- 
 carbon from eucalyptol; the hydrochlorid is 
 used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 20-30 
 gr. (1.33-2.0 Gm.). E. Hydrochlorate. See 
 Eucalypteol. 
 
 Eucalypteol (u-kal-if-le-ol), C 10 H 16 2HC1. It 
 is used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 24 
 gr. (1.6 Gm.) daily. Children, 4-12 gr. 
 (0.26-0.78 Gm.) daily. Syn., Terpilene 
 dihydrochlorate. 
 
 Eucalyptol (u-kal-ip'-tol) [eucalyptus], C 10 H ]8 - 
 O. A neutral principle obtained from the 
 volatile oil of Eucalyptus globulus and of some 
 other species of Eucalyptus. It is used in 
 bronchitis and malaria, and also in ear 
 27 
 
 diseases and in urethritis, and externally 
 in various liniments and washes. Dose 5-10 
 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc), in capsules, 3 times daily. 
 
 Eucalyptus (u-kal-ip' -tus) [s5, well; KaXOnrecv, 
 to cover]. The leaves of E. globulus, native 
 to Australia, but now cultivated in California. 
 It contains a volatile oil from which eucalyptol 
 is obtained. The properties largely depend 
 on the volatile oil. Eucalyptus has been used 
 as an antiseptic, as a stimulant to mucous 
 membranes, as an antispasmodic in asthma, 
 in migraine, and, with doubtful success in 
 malaria. E. rostrata is recommended in sea- 
 sickness. Dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.) 3 or 4 times 
 daily. E., Fluidextract of (fuidextr actum 
 eucalypti, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min. (2 Cc). 
 E., Oil of (oleum eucalypti, U. S. P.), the 
 volatile oil. Dose 5 min. (0.32 Cc.) in 
 capsules or emulsion. E., Ointment of 
 (unguentum eucalypti, B. P.), contains 20% 
 of the oil. 
 
 Eucanthus (u-kan' '-thus) [eu, expressive of 
 greatness; canthus]. Any enlargement of 
 the fleshy papilla at the inner canthus of 
 the eye. 
 
 Eucasin (u f -ka-sin) . A casein food-preparation 
 soluble in warm water, obtained by pouring 
 ammonia over casein. 
 
 Euchinin (u'-kin-in), C 2 H s O . CO . OC 20 H 23 O. 
 An ethylcarbonic ester of quinin. It is used 
 in whooping-cough, pneumonia, malaria, etc. 
 Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
 
 Euchlornydria (u-klor-hi 1 '-dre-ah) [so, well; 
 %Xwpbc, green; udcbp, water]. The presence 
 of a normal amount of hydrochloric acid in 
 the gastric juice. 
 
 Euchlorin (u-klor'-in) [eft, well; j^w^oc, green]. 
 1. Chlorin protoxid, an antiseptic. 2. A 
 mixture of potassium chlorate and hydro- 
 chloric acid; it is used as a spray and gargle 
 in diphtheria. 
 
 Euchromatopsia (u-kro-mat-op'-se-ah) [eb, 
 well; %p<Lp.a, color; o<J)ic, sight]. Capacity 
 for correct recognition of colors. 
 
 Eucol (u'-kol). A combination of eucalyptol, 
 santal oil, cubeb, oleoresin, creasote, and 
 cod-liver oil; it is used in bronchitis and 
 pulmonary consumption. 
 
 Eucrasia (u-kra' -ze-ah) [eu, well; Kpaocc, a 
 mixture]. A sound state of health. 
 
 Eucrasic (u-kra' -sik) [see Eucrasia]. 1. In a 
 condition of good health. 2. Opposed to dys- 
 crasia or capable of bettering it. 
 
 Eudermol (u-der'-mol). The proprietary name 
 of nicotin salicylate; used as an ointment in 
 the treatment of skin diseases. 
 
 Eudiaemorrhysis (u-di-a-em-or' -is-is) [ed, well; 
 dta, through; alp.a, blood; pbatc, a flowing]. 
 The normal flowing of the blood through the 
 capillaries. 
 
 Eudiaphoresis (u-di-af-o-re'-sis) [$u, well; dia- 
 phoresis). A healthy condition of perspiration. 
 
 Eudiometry (u-di-om'-et-re). See Analysis, 
 Gasometric. 
 
 Eudosmol (u-doz'-mol), C 10 H 16 O. A crystalline 
 camphor obtained from various species of 
 Eucalyptus. 
 
EUDOXIN 
 
 402 
 
 EUROBIN 
 
 Eudoxin (u-doks'-in). The proprietary name 
 of the bismuth salt of tetraiodophenolphthal- 
 ein (nosophen); it is used as an intestinal 
 antiseptic. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.) 3 
 times daily. 
 
 Euformol {u-jorm'-ol). A proprietary anti- 
 septic fluid containing oils of eucalyptus 
 and wintergreen, thymol, menthol, boric acid, 
 extract of wild indigo, and formaldehyd. 
 It is used as a disinfectant and deodorant. 
 
 Eugallol {u-gal'-ol). Pyrogallol monoacetate; 
 it is used in skin diseases, applied with a 
 brush to the affected part, being a powerful 
 inflammatory irritant upon healthy skin. 
 
 Eugenia {u-je' -ne-ah) [after Prince Eugene, 
 of Savoy]. A genus of trees and shrubs, 
 mostly tropical, among which are E. caryo- 
 phyllata, which yields caryophyllus, and E. 
 pimenta, which produces pimenta. 
 
 Eugenic Acid (u-jen'-ik). See Eugenol. 
 
 Eugenics (u-jen'-iks) [euyevfjc , well-born]. The 
 science of generative or procreative develop- 
 ment. The doctrine of progress of humanity 
 through improved conditions in the relations 
 of the sexes. 
 
 Eugenoform {u-jen'-o-form). The sodium 
 salt of eugenolcarbinol; it is an antiseptic 
 and bactericide. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Eugenol (u'-jen-ol), C 10 H 12 O 2 . Eugenic acid; 
 a phenol-like compound that occurs in clove- 
 oil and in allspice, and is convertible into 
 vanillin. It is used as an antiseptic and as 
 a local anesthetic in dentistry. Dose 15 gr. 
 (1 Gm.) well diluted. E.-acetamid, C 12 - 
 H 15 3 N, used in the form of a fine powder 
 as a local anesthetic and wound antiseptic. 
 
 Eugoform (u' -go-form) . A fine, insoluble 
 powder, recommended as a dusting-powder 
 or in ointments (2.5 to 10%) in skin diseases. 
 Syn., Acetylized guaiacol-methylene. 
 
 Eulactol (u-lak' -tol) . A dietetic preparation 
 of milk and eggs. 
 
 Eulexin (u-leks' -in) . A proprietary remedy 
 for diabetes mellitus; it is said to consist 
 of jambul, Paraguay tea, cascara sagrada, 
 aromatics, and glycerol. Dose 16 min.-2 dr. 
 (1-8 Cc.) every 4 hours. 
 
 Eulyptol (u-lip'-tol). An antiseptic preparation 
 composed of salicylic acid, 6 parts; phenol 
 and essence of eucalyptus, of each, 1 part. 
 
 Eulysin (u'-lis-in). A greenish-yellow resin 
 found with bilin in bile. 
 
 Eumenol {u' -men-ol) . A nontoxic fluid extract 
 of Aralia cor data, of China and Japan. It 
 is said to be an efficient emmenagog. Dose 
 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) 3 times daily. 
 
 Eunatrol (u-nat'-rol). Oleate of sodium, 
 recommended as a cholagog. Dose 15 gr. 
 (1 Gm.) twice daily. 
 
 Eunol (u'-nol). A preparation of naphthols 
 and eucalyptols used in the treatment of 
 skin diseases. 
 
 Eunuch (u'-nuk) [euvouyoc, guardian of the 
 couch]. A male whose genital organs have 
 been removed or mutilated so as to render 
 him impotent. 
 
 Euonymin {u-on'-im-in). A precipitate from 
 
 the tincture of euonymus; it is tonic, laxative, 
 and expectorant. Dose J-3 gr. (0.032-0.2 
 Gm.). 
 
 Euonymit {u-on' -im-it) . See Dulcitol. 
 
 Euonymus (u-on'-im-us) [eud)uu/j.oc, having a 
 good name]. Wahoo; the bark of E. atropur- 
 purea, a mild purgative and cholagog. 
 E., Extract of {extr actum euonymi, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). E., Fluid- 
 extract of (fluidextr actum euonymi, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 8 min. (0.5 Cc). 
 
 Eupatorium iu - pat - o' -re - urn) [euna-opcov, 
 agrimony]. A genus of composite-flow- 
 ered plants. The leaves and flowering tops 
 of E. perjoliatum, thorough wort or boneset. 
 It is a bitter tonic, diaphoretic, and feeble 
 emetic. Dose of the powdered leaves 20—30 gr. 
 (1.3-2.0 Gm.). E., Fluidextract of {fiuid- 
 extractum eupatorii, U. S. P.). Dose iomin- 
 1 dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). 
 
 Euphorbia {u-for'-be-ah). A genus of trees, 
 shrubs, and herbs, yielding a milky juice. 
 E. corollata, E. ipecacuanha, American 
 species, have been employed in medicine on 
 account of their emetic, diaphoretic, and 
 expectorant properties. E. pilulifera, of 
 South America and Australia, is used in 
 asthma and bronchitis. E. resinijera, of 
 Africa, affords euphorbium. Dose of the 
 extract 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.); of the fluidextract 
 J- 1 dr. (2-4 Cc); of the tincture §-1 dr. 
 (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Euphorbium (u-for'-be-um). An acrid gum- 
 resin obtained from Euphorbia resinifera. 
 It is strongly purgative and vesicant, and is 
 now mainly employed in veterinary medicine. 
 
 Euphoria {u-for'-e-ah) [eucfropoc, easily car- 
 ried]. The sense of well-being; health. 
 
 Euphorin (u'-for-in) [see Euphoria], C 9 2 H n . 
 Phenylurethane, a white, crystalline powder 
 derived from anilin. It is recommended as an 
 analgesic and antipyretic in neuralgia and 
 rheumatism. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.) 
 daily. 
 
 Euphthalmin {uf -thai' -min) [eu, well; 6cf)daX/i6e, 
 the eye], C 16 H 25 NO s HCl. The hydrochlorid 
 of the mandelic acid derivative of /?-eucain; 
 it is used as a mydriatic in 2 to 10 % solutions. 
 
 Euplastic {u-plas' -tik) [ed, well; izXaojecv, 
 to form]. Capable of being transformed into 
 healthy tissue. 
 
 Eupnea {up - ne' - ah) [eu, well; izve'tv, to 
 breathe]. Normal or easy respiration. 
 
 Eupyrin {u-pi'-rin). A compound of vanillin- 
 ethyl carbonate and paraphenetidin; used 
 as an antipyretic. Dose, adults, 15-24 gr. 
 (1.0-1.5 Gm.); children, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 
 Gm.). 
 
 Euquinin {u-hwin' -in) . Quininethylcarbonate, 
 a crystalline, tasteless compound. Dose 
 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). 
 
 Euresol {u f -re-sol). The commercial name of 
 resorcinol monacetate; dissolved in acetone 
 it is recommended in skin diseases. 
 
 Eurobin (u'-ro-bin). The commercial name 
 of chrysarobin triacetate; it is insoluble in 
 water, but dissolves freely in acetone, cbloro- 
 
EUROPHEN 
 
 403 
 
 EVULSION 
 
 form, and ether. It is used in a 2 to 3% 
 ointment in skin diseases. 
 
 Europhen {u'-ro-}en). Diisobutylorthocresol 
 iodid, an amorphous yellow powder, re- 
 commended as a substitute for iodoform. It 
 is used hypodermatically in doses of |-i| gr. 
 (o. 016-0. 09 Gm.) in syphilis. 
 
 Eurygenesis (u-re-jen'-es-is) [eupug, broad; 
 ■fkveotc, origin]. The theory of the origin of 
 a species by gradual amelioration of a race 
 of precursors having a wide-spread or cos- 
 mopolitan distribution. 
 
 Eurynter (u-rint'-er) [eupuvetv, to dilate]. An 
 instrument used in dilating. Cf. Colpeur- 
 ynter. 
 
 Euryon (u'-re-on) [edpug, broad]. The cranio- 
 metric point at the end of the greatest trans- 
 verse diameter of the skull. 
 
 Eurysma (u-riz'-mah) [supuvetv, to dilate]. 1. 
 Dilation. 2. A structure which has under- 
 gone dilation. 
 
 Eurythrol (u-rith'-rol). An extract from the 
 spleen of oxen, having a honey -like consistence 
 and of aromatic taste and odor. Dose 1 to 
 2 teaspoonfuls in soup daily. 
 
 Eustachian Artery (u - sta f - ke - an) [Eusta- 
 chio, an Italian anatomist]. 1. A branch 
 of the vidian artery. 2. A branch of the 
 pterygopalatine artery. E. Catheter. See 
 Catheter, Eustachian. E. Muscle, the laxator 
 tympani. E. Tube, a canal, partly bony 
 and partly cartilaginous, connecting the 
 pharynx with the tympanic cavity. E. 
 Valve, the fold of the lining membrane of 
 the right auricle of the heart, situated between 
 the opening of the inferior vena cava and the 
 auriculoventricular orifice. 
 
 Eustachitis (u-sta-ki' -tis) . Inflammation of 
 the eustachian tube. 
 
 Eustachium (u-sta'-ke-um). The eustachian 
 tube. 
 
 Eustrongylus (u-stron'-jil-us) [eu, well; avpoj-jru- 
 Xoc, round]. A genus of parasitic nematode 
 worms. E. gigas, the largest of the parasi- 
 tic nematodes. Its habitat is the kidney. 
 It is met in many of the lower animals and 
 rarely in man. The symptoms arising from 
 its presence resemble those of renal abscess 
 or calculus. The finding of the eggs in the 
 urine is the most important diagnostic con- 
 sideration. Oil of turpentine may cause 
 migration of the worm, but extirpation is 
 indicated. 
 
 Eutectic (u-tek'-tik) [so, well; t'iktelv, to 
 produce]. 1. Well combined; stable; ap- 
 plied to a chemic combination which, in 
 passing from a liquid to a solid state, acts 
 as a simple body, maintaining a constant 
 temperature and its constituent substances 
 remaining associated during solidification. 
 2. [eu, well; ttjkecv, to melt.] Melting easily; 
 said of a compound substance which has a 
 lower fusing-point than its constituents have 
 separately. 3. A eutectic substance. 
 
 Eutexia (u-teks' '-e-ali) . 1. The condition of 
 being stable and well combined. 2. The 
 quality of fusing at a low temperature. 
 
 Euthanasia (u - than - a' - ze - ah) [s5, weU; 
 davaxog, death]. An easy or calm death. 
 
 Euthermic (u-therm' -ik) [eu, well; dip/XT], heat]. 
 Promoting warmth. 
 
 Euthymol (u-thi'-mol). A nontoxic liquid 
 antiseptic said to contain oils of eucalyptus 
 and wintergreen, extract of wild indigo, 
 boric acid, menthol, and thymol. It is used 
 as a spray or internally in doses of 1 dr. 
 (4 Cc.) in water 3 or more times daily. 
 
 Eutocia {u-to' -se-ah) [eu, well; tokoc, child- 
 birth]. Natural or easy childbirth. 
 
 Eutocous (u-to'-kus) [see Eutocia']. 1. Having 
 an easy delivery. 2. Prolific. 
 
 Evacuant (e-vak' -u-ant) [evacuare, to empty]. 
 
 1. Emptying. 2. A medicine that causes 
 the emptying of an organ, especially the 
 bowels; a purgative. 
 
 Evacuation (e-vak -u-a' -shun) [evacuate]. 1. 
 The act of emptying, especially of the bowels. 
 
 2. That which is evacuated. 
 
 Evacuator (e-vak' -u-a-tor) [evacuate]. An 
 agent to produce emptying, especially an 
 instrument for removing from the bladder 
 fragments of stone after htholapaxy. 
 
 Evagination (e-vaj-in-a'-shun) [e, out; vagina, 
 a sheath]. Protrusion from a sheath or 
 invaginating structure. Cf. Invagination. 
 
 Evalvate (e-val'-vdt) [evalvis, without valves]. 
 Destitute of valves. 
 
 Evaporation (e - vap -or -a' - shun) [e, out ; 
 vaporare, emit vapor]. The conversion of a 
 liquid into vapor. 
 
 Evenimation, Evenomation (e-ven-e-ma'- 
 shun, -o-ma'-shun) [e, from; venom]. The 
 process of counteracting the effects of a venom. 
 
 Eventration (e-ven-tra' -shun) [e, out; venter, 
 the belly]. Protrusion of the abdominal 
 viscera through the abdominal walls. 
 
 Eversion (e-ver' '-shun) [eversio, a turning out]. 
 A turning outward. 
 
 Evidement (a-ved-mon(g)) [Fr.]. Splitting open 
 foci of disease and scraping them clean 
 with the sharp curet. 
 
 Evisceration (e-vis-er-a' -shun) [e, out; viscera, 
 the bowels]. The removal of the viscera. 
 E. of the Eye, removal of the entire contents 
 of the globe of the eye, leaving the sclerotic 
 intact. E., Obstetric, the removal of the 
 abdominal or thoracic viscera of the fetus to 
 facilitate delivery. 
 
 Evittate (e-vit'-at) [e, out; vitta, a band]. 
 Destitute of bands or stripes. 
 
 Evolution (ev-o-lu'-shun) [evolvere, to unroll]. 
 The process of unfolding or developing from 
 a simple to a complex, specialized, perfect 
 form. E., Spontaneous, a series of changes 
 whereby a shoulder presentation is trans- 
 formed within the pelvis into a combined 
 breech-and-shoulder presentation and de- 
 livery effected without artificial aid. E., 
 Threefold Law of (Huxley): (1) Excess of 
 development of some parts in relation to 
 others. (2) Complete or partial suppression 
 of parts. (3) Coalescence of parts usually 
 distinct. 
 
 Evulsion (e-vuV -shun) [evellere, to pluck 
 
EWALD'S TEST 
 
 404 
 
 EXCIPIENT 
 
 out]. The forcible tearing or plucking away 
 of a part. 
 
 Ewald's Test for Hydrochloric Acid in 
 Contents of Stomach. Dilute 2 Cc. of a 
 10% solution of potassium sulfocyanid and 
 0.5 Cc. of a neutral solution of iron acetate 
 to 10 Cc. with water. This makes a ruby- 
 red solution; if a few drops of it are placed 
 in a porcelain dish, and 1 or 2 drops of the 
 liquid to be tested are allowed to come in 
 contact with it, a faint violet cloud is ob- 
 served in the presence of HC1. On mixing, 
 the color becomes brown. 
 
 Ewart's Sign. In marked pericardial effusion 
 the left clavicle is so raised that the upper 
 border of the first rib can be felt with the 
 finger as far as the sternum. 
 
 Exacerbation {eks-as-er-ba' -shun) [exacerbare, 
 to be violent]. An increase in the symptoms 
 of a disease. 
 
 Exalgin (eks-al'-jin) [is, out; aljog, pain], 
 C 9 H n NO. Methylacetanilid; a benzene de- 
 rivative allied to phenacetin. It is an anal- 
 gesic and antipyretic in doses of from J-4 
 gr. (0.032-0.26 Gm.). 
 
 Exanthem, Exanthema (eks - an' - them,, eks- 
 an'-them-ah) [i^avdrjaa, eruption]. 1. An 
 eruption upon the skin. 2. Any exanthema- 
 tous or eruptive fever. 
 
 TABLE OF EXANTHEMS. 
 Cerebrospinal Meningitis: Period of incuba- 
 tion, unknown. Stage of invasion, sudden. 
 Eruption, second to fourth day. Character of 
 eruption, herpes labialis, purpuric spots, dusky 
 erythema. Location, herpes on lips; pur- 
 puric spots over entire body. Duration of 
 disease, variable; many sequels. Convales- 
 cence by lysis. Erysipelas : Period of incu- 
 bation, few hours to 3 or 4 days. Stage of 
 invasion, 1 to 3 days. Eruption, within 24 
 hours. Character of eruption, bright-red, 
 shining patches with well-defined raised 
 margin. Duration of eruption, 4 to 8 days. 
 Location: Begins usually on face, may spread 
 to trunk and arms; in the traumatic form 
 begins at the wound. Desquamation, branny or 
 in large flakes. Disease lasts 1 to 3 weeks. 
 Convalescence by crisis. Measles : Period of 
 incubation, 10 to 12 days. Stage of invasion, 
 4 days. Eruption, fourth day. Character of 
 eruption, small dark -red macules arranged in 
 crescenticform; complete in 24 hours. Dura- 
 tion of eruption, 4 to 5 days. Location, face; 
 then downward over body. Desquamation, 
 branny, 8 to n days. Disease lasts 2 weeks. 
 Convalescence by crisis. Rotheln : Period 
 of incubation, 8 to 17 days. Stage of invasion, 
 24 to 48 hours. Eruption appears within 48 
 hours. Character of eruption, rose-colored, 
 rounded, discrete macules. Duration of 
 eruption, 3 days. Location, face and scalp; 
 then downward over body. Desquama- 
 tion, slightly branny. Disease lasts 4 to 7 
 days. Convalescence by crisis. Scarlatina: 
 Period of incubation, 1 to 21 days. Stage of 
 invasion, 1 to 2 days. Eruption appears 
 
 within 24 hours. Character of eruption, diffuse, 
 scarlet, punctate. Duration of eruption, 7 to 
 10 days. Location, neck, chest, face; then 
 over body. Desquamation, scales or large 
 flakes about one week. Disease lasts 2 to 3 
 weeks. Convalescence by lysis. Typhoid 
 Fever : Period of incubation, 5 to 35 days. 
 Stage of invasion, 6 to 8 days. Eruption 
 appears on seventh day. Character of erup- 
 tion, rose-colored, lenticular spots, coming 
 on in successive crops. Duration of eruption, 
 each crop 3 to 5 days. Continues 10 to 20 
 days or throughout the whole course of the 
 fever. Location, abdomen, chest, and back. 
 Desquamation, slightly branny or none. Dis- 
 ease lasts 3 to 4 weeks. Convalescence by lysis. 
 Typhus Fever: Period of incubation, 4 to 12 
 days. Stage of invasion, 5 days. Time of 
 appearance, from the third to the seventh day, 
 usually the fifth day. Character of eruption, 
 dusky spots or papules or petechias. Dura- 
 tion of eruption, few days or throughout the 
 course of the disease. Location, sides of chest 
 and abdomen, arms, back. Desquamation, 
 slightly branny. Disease lasts 2 to 4 weeks. 
 Convalescence by crisis. Varicella : Period of 
 incubation, 4 to 14 days. Stage of invasion, 
 1 to 2 days. Time of appearance, from 12 to 
 24 hours. Character of eruption, vesicles in 
 crops. Duration of eruption, 5 to 8 days. 
 Location, back, chest, arms. Desquamation, 
 crusts, 5 to 8 days. Disease lasts 2 weeks. 
 Convalescence by lysis Variola : Period of 
 incubation, 8 to 14 days. Stage of invasion, 
 3 days. Time of appearance, fourth day. 
 Character of eruption: first, shot -like papules, 
 then vesicles, then umbilicated pustules. 
 Duration of eruption, 21 to 25 days. Location, 
 face and over body. Desquamation, crusts, 12 
 to 22 days. Disease lasts 4 to 5 weeks. 
 Convalescence by lysis. 
 
 Exanthematous (eks-an-them' ' -at-us)[exanthem\. 
 Of the nature of or characterized by exanthem 
 or eruption; of the nature of an eruptive 
 fever. 
 
 Exarteritis {ehs-ar-ter-i' -tis) [If, out; dp-ypta, 
 artery; crcc, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the outer coat of an artery. 
 
 Exarticulation (eks-ar-tik-u-la' '-shun) [ex; 
 articulus, joint]. 1. Dislocation of a joint. 
 2. Amputation at a joint. 
 
 Exasperate {eks-as'-per-at) [exasperare, to make 
 rough]. Rough; covered with sharp points. 
 
 Excarnation (eks-kar-na' '-shun) [ex; caro, flesh]. 
 Separation of injected vessels from a con- 
 tiguous part. 
 
 Excavation {eks-kav-a' -shun) [excavare, to 
 hollow out]. A hollow or cavity. E. of 
 the Optic Nerve, a hollowing or "cupping" 
 of the optic disc that may be physiologic, 
 congenital, or pathologic, the result of glau- 
 coma, optic atrophy, etc. 
 
 Excentric {eks-sen' -trik) . See Eccentric. 
 
 Excipient (ek-sip' -e-ent) [excipere, to take 
 up]. Any substance combined with an active 
 drug to give the latter an agreeable or con- 
 venient form. 
 
EXCISION 
 
 405 
 
 EXOGENOUS 
 
 Excision (ek-sizh' -un) [excisio, a cutting out]. 
 The cutting out of a part. 
 
 Excitability (ek-si-ta-biV -it-e) [excitare, to 
 rouse]. The property of reacting to a stim- 
 ulus. 
 
 Excitant {ek-si'-tant) [see Excitability], i. 
 Stimulating. 2. A remedy that stimulates 
 the activity of an organ. 
 
 Excitation (ek-si-ta' 'shun) [see Excitability]. 
 The act of stimulating or irritating. E., 
 Direct, the stimulation of a muscle by placing 
 an electrode on the muscle itself. E., Indi- 
 rect, the stimulation of a muscle through its 
 nerve. 
 
 Exciting (ek-si' -ting) . Calling forth directly, 
 as an exciting cause." 
 
 Excitoglandular (ek-si-to-gland' -u-lar) . Arous- 
 ing or exciting glandular function. 
 
 Excitometabolic (ek-si-to-met-ah-boV -ik) . Ex- 
 citing metabolic processes. 
 
 Excitomotor (ek-si-to-mo'-tor). Exciting or 
 arousing motor function; also, a drug or 
 agent that increases the activity of the motor 
 nerve-centers. 
 
 Excitomuscular (ek-si-to-mus'-ku-lar). Ex- 
 citing muscular activity. 
 
 Excitor (ek-si' -tor) [excitare, to rouse]. 1. One 
 who or that which stimulates or excites. 2. 
 A discharger. 3. An electrode which, placed 
 in contact with a nerve, causes excitation. 
 
 Exclave (eks'-kldv) [Fr.]. A detached portion 
 of any organ, as of a pancreas or ovary. 
 
 Exclusion (eks-klu'-zhun) [excludere, to shut 
 out]. A shutting-out. E., Diagnosis by, 
 the reaching of a diagnosis by excluding one 
 hypothesis after another until only one 
 remains. 
 
 Excoriation (eks-ko-re-a' -shun) [ex, from; 
 corium, the skin]. Abrasion of a portion of 
 the skin. 
 
 Excortication (eks -kor-tik-a' -slum). See De- 
 cortication. 
 
 Excrement (eks f -kre-ment) [excernere, to sep- 
 arate; to excrete]. An excreted substance; 
 the feces. 
 
 Excrementitious (eks-kre-men-tish' -us) . Per- 
 taining to excrement. 
 
 Excrescence (eks - kres' - ens) [excrescere, to 
 grow out]. An abnormal outgrowth upon 
 the body. 
 
 Excreta (eks-kre'-tah) [excrete]. The natural 
 discharges of the body, particularly those of 
 the bowel. 
 
 Excrete (eks-krW). To remove useless sub- 
 stances from the body. 
 
 Excretin (eks' '-kre-tin) , C 20 H 36 O. A crystalline 
 substance found in feces. 
 
 Excretion (eks-kre' -shun) [excrete]. The dis- 
 charge of waste-products. 
 
 Excretory (eks' -kre-to-re) [excrete]. Pertaining 
 to excretion. 
 
 Excursion (eks -kur' -shun) [ex, out of; currere, 
 to run]. 1. A wandering from the usual 
 course. 2. The extent of movement, as of 
 the eyes from a central position. 
 
 Excurvation (e ks -kur -va' -shun) [ex; curvare, 
 to curve]. 1. Outward curvature. 2. A 
 
 deformity of the upper eyelid in which the 
 tarsal cartilage becomes turned outward. 
 
 Exdermoptosis (eks-derm-o-to' -sis) [ex; dipua, 
 the skin; Ttrcoocc, a falling]. Hypertrophy 
 of the sebaceous glands with retention of the 
 secretion. 
 
 Exencephalus (eks-en-sef -al-us) [ex; iyi<ecf)aXoc, 
 brain]. A species of monsters characterized 
 by a malformed brain, situated without the 
 cranial cavity. 
 
 Exenteration (eks-en-ter-a' -shun) [ex; 'ivrepov, 
 intestine]. Removal of the intestine of the 
 fetus, to allow delivery. 
 
 Exercise Bone. An osseous growth in muscle 
 due to overexercise. 
 
 Exesion (eks -e' -shun) [exedere, to corrode]. 
 The gradual superficial destruction of organic 
 parts, particularly bone, in consequence of 
 abscesses and other destroying agencies. 
 
 Exfoliation (eks-fo-le-a'-shun) [exfoliare, to 
 shed leaves]. The separation of bone or 
 other tissue in thin layers. 
 
 Exhalation (eks-hal-a' -shun) [exhalare, to 
 breathe out]. The giving off of matters in 
 the form of vapor. 
 
 Exhauster (eg-zawst'-er) [exhaurire, to pour 
 out]. An instrument for the removal of soft 
 cataracts. 
 
 Exhaustibility (eg-zawst-e-bil'-it-e). Capacity 
 for being exhausted. E., Faradic, the 
 cessation of excitability in a muscle under 
 repeated stimulation. Cf. Reaction, My- 
 asthenic. • 
 
 Exhaustion (eg-zawst'-yun) [see Exhauster]. 
 1. Loss of vital and nervous power from 
 fatigue or protracted disease. 2. The phar- 
 maceutic process of dissolving out one or 
 more of the constituents of a crude drug 
 by percolation or maceration. E., Heat-, 
 E., Solar. See Insolation. E. Hypothesis. 
 See under Immunity. 
 
 Exhibit (ek-zib'-ii) [exhibere, to give]. To ad- 
 minister, as a medicine. 
 
 Exhumation (eks-hu-ma' -shun) [ex; humus, 
 the ground]. The removal of a corpse from 
 the ground. 
 
 Exinanition (eks-in-an-ish' -un) [exinanitio, an 
 enfeebling]. Excessive exhaustion. 
 
 Exner's Plexus. A layer of nerve-plexuses, 
 probably formed by the junction of sensory 
 and motor fibers, in the cerebral cortex, near 
 the surface. 
 
 Exo- (eks-o-) [e£(o, without]. A prefix meaning 
 without; outside. 
 
 Exocardia (eks-o-kar' -de-ah) [exo-; aapo'ca, the 
 heart]. Displacement of the heart. 
 
 Exocardiac, Exocardial (eks-o-kar' -de-ak, -al) 
 [exocardia]. Originating or situated outside 
 of the heart. 
 
 Exocystis (eks-o-sist'-is) [exo-; kuotcc, the 
 bladder]. Prolapse of the urinary bladder. 
 
 Exodic (eks-od'-ik) [exo-; odoc, a way]. Trans- 
 mitting; efferent. 
 
 Exogenetic (eks - - jen - et f - ik) [exo-; yswdv, 
 to produce]. Due to an external causey 
 not arising within the organism. 
 
 Exogenous (eks - of - en - us) [see Exo- 
 
EXOGNATHION 
 
 406 
 
 EXTENSION 
 
 genetic]. Growing by accretions to the outer 
 surface. E. Disease. See Exopathy. 
 
 Exognathion (eks-og-na' -the-on) [exo-; jvadog, 
 the jaw]. The alveolar process of the superior 
 maxilla. 
 
 Exometra (eks - o - me' - trah) [exo-; p-^rpa, 
 the womb]. Prolapse or inversion of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Exomphalia (eks-om-fa'-le-ah). Protrusion of 
 the navel. 
 
 Exomphalocele (eks-om-Jal'-o-sel). An um- 
 bilical hernia. 
 
 Exomphalos (eks-om'-fal-os) [exo-; o/i^aXoc, 
 navel]. Undue prominence of the navel; 
 also, umbilical hernia. 
 
 Exoncoma {eks-ong' '-ko-mah) [i^oyKWpia, any- 
 thing swollen]. A protruding tumor. 
 
 Exoncosis (eks-on-ko'-sis). The formation of 
 a prominent tumor. 
 
 Exopathy {eks-op'-ath-e) [exo-; nadoc, disease]. 
 A disease having its origin in some cause 
 external to the organism. 
 
 Exophoria (eks-o-fo' -re-ah) . See Heterophoria. 
 
 Exophthalmic (eks-of-thal'-mik) [exophthal- 
 mos]. Pertaining to exophthalmos. E. 
 Goiter. See Goiter, Exophthalmic. 
 
 Exophthalmos, Exophthalmus (eks-oj-thaV- 
 mos, -mus) [exo-; 6<f>6a\n6c, eye]. Abnormal 
 protrusion of the eyeballs. 
 
 Exoskeleton (eks-o-skeV '-et-ori) [exo-; ontXexov, 
 a dried body]. The rigid outer envelop of 
 many of the lower forms of life for the 
 protection and attachment o'f organs. 
 
 Exosmosis (eks-os-mo'-sis) [exo-; d>o/wc, 
 thrust]. Outward osmosis. See Osmosis. 
 
 Exosplenopexia, Exosplenopexy (eks-o-sple- 
 no-peks'-e-ah, eks-o-sple 1 '-no-peks-e) [exo-; 
 gtzXtjv, spleen; 7irj$cc, fixation]. An operation 
 substituted for splenectomy, which consists in 
 attaching the spleen in the abdominal wound 
 and fixing it there by its capsule. 
 
 Exostosis (eks-os-to'-sis) [exo-; oaxkov, bone]. 
 A bony outgrowth from the surface of a bone. 
 
 Exotery (eks-ot'-er-e). See Exopathy. 
 
 Exothyropexy (eks-o-thi' -ro-peks-e) [exo-; 
 thyroid; nfj^cc, fixation]. Exposing the 
 enlarged thyroid gland by a median incision 
 and drawing it outside. 
 
 Exoticosymphysis {eks -ot-ik-o- sim' - fe-sis) 
 [Izojtckoc, foreign; obfi^uacg, a growing to- 
 gether]. The union of a substance or body 
 with the organism. 
 
 Exotospore (eks-o' -to-spor) [e£ oorc koc, outward; 
 oizbpoc, seed]. The malarial germ brought 
 by the stab of the mosquito {Anopheles) 
 into the human blood-vessels; so named 
 from being formed outside the human body. 
 
 Exotropia (eks-o-tro'-pe-ah). See Strabismus. 
 
 Expectant (eks-pek' -tant) [expectare, to look 
 out for]. Awaiting or expecting. E. Treat- 
 ment, watching the progress of a disease, 
 and not interfering unless warranted by 
 special symptoms. 
 
 Expectation of Life. The average number 
 of years that persons of a given age live. 
 
 Expectorant (eks-pek' -to-rant) [see Expectora- 
 tion], i. Promoting expectoration. 2. A 
 
 remedy that promotes or modifies expecto- 
 ration. 
 
 Expectoration (eks-pek-tor-a' -shun) [ex, out; 
 pectus, breast]. 1. The ejection from the 
 mouth of material brought into it from the 
 air-passages. 2. The fluid or semifluid 
 matters from the lungs and air-passages 
 expelled by coughing and spitting. E., 
 Prune- juice, a sputum containing altered 
 blood expectorated in gangrene and cancer 
 of the lung and in grave pneumonias in the 
 aged. E., Rusty. See Sputum, Rusty. 
 
 Expiration (eks-pi-ra' -shun) [expirare, to 
 breathe out]. The act of breathing forth or 
 expelling air from the lungs. 
 
 Expiratory (eks - pi' -ra - to - re) [see Expir- 
 ation]. Relating to expiration. 
 
 Exploration (eks-plo-ra' -shun) [explorare, to 
 search out]. The act of exploring; investi- 
 gation of a part hidden from sight by means 
 of touch, by artificial light, etc. 
 
 Exploratory (eks-plor'-at-o-re). Pertaining to 
 exploration. E. Puncture, the puncture of 
 a cavity or tumor and extraction therefrom 
 of some of the contents to learn their nature. 
 
 Exploring Needle. A needle with a grooved 
 side to allow the passage of fluid along it 
 after it is plunged into a part where the 
 presence of fluid is suspected. 
 
 Expression (eks-presh'-un) [expressus; ex- 
 primer e, to press out]. A pressing out. E. 
 of Fetus or E. of Placenta, assisting the 
 expulsion of fetus or placenta by pressure 
 upon the uterus through the abdominal walls. 
 E., Rectal, assisting the expulsion of the 
 fetal head by means of two fingers inserted 
 into the rectum and hooked into the mouth 
 or under the chin. 
 
 Expulsive (eks-pul'-siv) [expellere, to drive 
 out]. Forcing out. 
 
 Exsanguinate (ek-san' -gwin-dt) [ex; sanguis, 
 blood]. 1. To render bloodless. 2. Bloodless. 
 
 Exsanguination (ek-san-gwin-a' -shun) [ex- 
 sanguinate]. The act of making bloodless. 
 
 Exsection (ek-sek' -shun) [ex; secare, to cut]. 
 The act of cutting a part out from its sur- 
 roundings. 
 
 Exsertor (ek-serf -or) [exserere, to protrude]. 
 A muscle which protrudes a part. 
 
 Exsiccation (ek-sik-a' -shun) [ex; siccus, dry]. 
 The act of drying; especially the depriving 
 of a crystalline substance of its water of 
 crystallization. 
 
 Exsiccative (ek-sik'-a-tiv). Drying. 
 
 Exstrophy (ek'-strof-e) [ex; oTpkfotv, to turn]. 
 Eversion; the turning inside out of a part. 
 E. of Bladder, a congenital condition in 
 which the lower part of the abdominal wall, 
 the anterior wall of the bladder, and usually 
 the symphysis pubis are wanting, and the pos- 
 terior wall of the bladder is pressed through 
 the opening. 
 
 Extasis (ek' -stasis) . See Ecstasy. 
 
 Extension (eks - ten' - shun) [extendere, to 
 stretch out]. A straightening out, especially 
 the muscular movement by which a flexed 
 limb is made straight. Counter extension 
 
EXTENSOMETER 
 
 407 
 
 EXUDATION 
 
 is traction made on a part in a direction 
 opposite to that in which traction is made by 
 another force. 
 
 Extensometer {eks-tens-om' -et-er) [extension; 
 pihpov, a measure]. A micrometer to measure 
 the expansion of a body. 
 
 Extensor {eks-tens' -or) {extension}. That which 
 stretches out or extends, as extensor muscles. 
 See under Muscle. ' 
 
 Exterioration {eks-te-re-or-a' -shun) {exterior, 
 outer]. The faculty of mind by which the 
 image of an object seen is referred to the 
 real situation of the object. 
 
 External {eks-ter'-nal) {externus, outward]. On 
 the exterior, or on the side removed from 
 the center or middle line of the body. 
 
 Externalize (eks-ter' -nal-iz) {external]. i. In 
 psychology, to transform an idea or im- 
 pression which is on the percipient's mind 
 into a phantasm apparently outside him. 2. 
 To refer to some outside source, as the voices 
 heard by the subject of psychomotor hal- 
 lucinations. 
 
 Extirpation (eks-ter-pa' '-shun) [extirpare, to 
 root out]. Complete removal of a part. 
 
 Extra- (eks-trah-) . A prefix meaning outside; 
 without. 
 
 Extraamniotic (eks-trah-am-ne-ot' -ik) . Out- 
 side of the amnion; between the amnion 
 and the chorion. 
 
 Extraarticular (eks-trah-ar-tik' '-u-lar) . Out- 
 side of the proper structures of a joint. 
 
 Extracapsular {eks-trah-kap'-su-lar) . Outside 
 of the capsular ligament of a joint. 
 
 Extracellular {eks-trah-seV -u-lar) . External to 
 the cells of an organism. 
 
 Extracranial (eks-trah-kra f -ne-al). Outside of 
 the cranial cavity. 
 
 Extract, Extractum (eks'-trakt, -trakt'-um) {ex- 
 trahere, to extract]. In pharmacy, a solid or 
 semisolid preparation, made by extracting the 
 soluble principles of a drug with water or 
 alcohol and evaporating the solution. E., 
 Alcoholic, that in which alcohol is the solvent. 
 E.s, Animal, fluidextracts obtained by pro- 
 longed digestion of finely chopped organs 
 of animals in glycerol, boric acid, and alcohol, 
 and believed to contain the active principle of 
 the organ. See Musculin, Ovarin, Testin, 
 Thyrotdin, etc. E., Aqueous, that prepared 
 by using water as the solvent. Extractum 
 ferri pomatum (N. F.), an extract made 
 from iron, in the form of fine, bright wire, 1 
 part; ripe sour apples, 50 parts; water, a 
 sufficient quantity. E., Fluid-. See Fluid- 
 extract. 
 
 Extraction {eks-trak'-shun) [extract]. 1. The 
 act of drawing out. 2. The process of mak- 
 ing an extract. E. of Cataract, removal of 
 a cataractous lens by surgical operation. 
 
 Extractive (eks-trak'-tiv) {extract]. Any or- 
 ganic substance that may be extracted in 
 small amount from animal tissues. 
 
 Extractor (eks-trak'-tor) {extract]. An instru- 
 ment for extracting bullets, sequestrums, etc. 
 
 Extradural {eks-trah-du'-ral) {extra-; durus, 
 hard]. Situated outside of the dura. 
 
 Extraembryonic (eks-trah-em-bre-on'-ik). Sit- 
 uated without or not forming a part of the 
 embryo; it is said of certain structures of the 
 ovum. 
 
 Extraepithelial (eks-trah-ep-e-the f -le-al). Out- 
 side of an epithelium. 
 
 Extragenital (eks-trah-jen'-it-al). Not situated 
 upon the genitals; applied to chancres. 
 
 Extraligamentous {eks-trah-lig-a-ment'-us) . 
 External to a ligament. 
 
 Extralobular {eks-trah-lob' -u-lar) . Outside of a 
 lobe. 
 
 Extramedullar (eks-trah-med'-ul-ar-e) {ex- 
 tra-; medidla]. Situated or occurring outside 
 of the medulla. 
 
 Extraneous {eks-tra'-ne-us) [extraneus, exter- 
 nal]. Existing or belonging outside the or- 
 ganism. 
 
 Extranuclear {eks-trah-nu'-kle-ar). Outside 
 the nucleus of a cell. 
 
 Extraorganismal (eks-trah-or-gan-iz'-mal) . 
 External to the organism. 
 
 Extraperitoneal {eks-trah-per-it-on-e'-al). Ex- 
 ternal to the peritoneal cavity. 
 
 Extrapolar {eks-trah-po' -lar) [extra-; polus, a 
 pole]. Not lying in the space between the 
 electrodes of a battery. 
 
 Extraradical {eks-trah-rad'-ik-al). Applied to 
 hydrogen atoms not replaceable by a negative 
 or alcoholic radicle, but replaceable by a base. 
 
 Extrarenal (eks-trah-re'-nal). External to the 
 kidney. 
 
 Extrasystole {eks-trah-sis'-to-le). A heart-con- 
 traction occurring earlier than the normal 
 systole if the heart-muscle is irritated during 
 the diastolic period. 
 
 Extrathoracic (eks-trah-tho-ras f -ik). External 
 to the thoracic cavity. 
 
 Extratriceps {eks-trah-tri'-seps). The outer 
 head of the triceps muscle. 
 
 Extrauterine {eks-trah-u' -ter-in) {extra-; uterus]. 
 Outside of the uterus. E. Pregnancy. See 
 Pregnancy, Extrauterine. 
 
 Extravasation {eks-trav-as-a' -shun) {extra-; vas, 
 a vessel]. 1. The passing of fluid outside of 
 the cavity or space normally containing it. 2. 
 The fluid that has passed out. 
 
 Extravascular (eks-trah-vas' -ku-lar) [see Ex- 
 travasation]. Outside of the vessels. 
 
 Extra ventricular {eks-trah-ven-trik' '-u-lar) . Ex- 
 ternal to a ventricle. 
 
 Extrinsic (eks-trin' '-sik) {extrinsicus, from 
 without]. External; not directly belonging 
 to a part. E. Muscles, those situated on the 
 exterior of an organ. 
 
 Extroversion [eks-tro-ver' -shun) . See Exstrophy. 
 
 Exudate (eks' -u-ddt) {exudare, to sweat]. The 
 material that has passed through the walls of 
 vessels into the adjacent tissues. E., Fibrin- 
 ous, coagulation of fluid soon after its escape 
 from the vessels within the spaces into which 
 it has exuded. E., Serofibrinous, serous 
 fluid in which flocculi of coagulated matter 
 float. 
 
 Exudation (eks-u-da' '-shun) {exudate]. The pass- 
 ing out of serum or pus; the material that has 
 passed out. 
 
EXUDATIVE 
 
 408 
 
 EYELID 
 
 Exudative (eks-u-da'-tiv) [exudate]. Of the 
 nature of or characterized by exudation. 
 
 Exutoria (eks-u-to' -re-ah) [exurere, to burn]. 
 Substances which cause a superficial ulcera- 
 tion of the skin when applied. 
 
 Eye (i) [AS., edge]. The organ of vision. It 
 occupies the anterior part of the orbit, is 
 
 lems by representing the two nodal points 
 and the two principal points of the eye 
 by a mean nodal point and a mean prin- 
 cipal point. E., Reduced, of Donders, 
 a representation of the eye in such a way 
 that all the distances needed in the calcu- 
 lations are represented by whole numbers. 
 
 INT.TROCHLEAR 
 
 CILIARY BR 
 
 View of Optic and Lower Nerves of Orbit. 
 —(Holden.) 
 
 Posterior Hemisphere of the Globe of 
 the Eye. — (Gould and Pyle.) 
 
 i. Optic nerve. 2. Central artery of the 
 retina. 3. Short, posterior, and exter- 
 nal ciliary arteries. 4. Short, posterior, 
 and internal ciliary arteries. 5, 5, 6, 
 6, 6. External and internal posterior 
 ciliary arteries. 7. Posterior long cil- 
 iary artery and long ciliary nerve. 8. 
 Artery and nerve of opposite side. 9, 
 
 10. Superior and external choroid veins. 
 
 11, 12. Inferior choroid veins. 13. At- 
 tachment of inferior oblique muscle. 
 14. Tendon of superior oblique. 
 
 nearly spheric in outline, and is composed of E. -speculum, instrument for retracting the 
 
 three concentric coats : the sclerotic and cornea, eyelids. 
 
 the choroid and iris, and the retina. The Eyebrow (i'-brow): The hair-covered skin on 
 sclerotic is an opaque, dense, white, ' fibrous the upper margin of the orbit, 
 membrane, into the anterior part of which the Eyelashes {i'-lash-es). The hairs of the eye- 
 transparent cornea is fitted. The choroid is lid. 
 
 the vascular tissue, and is continuous with Eyelid (i'-lid). The protective covering of the 
 
 the iris in front. The latter is a circular eyeball, composed of skin, glands, connec- 
 
 tive and muscular tissue, the tarsus and 
 conjunctiva, with the cilia at the free 
 edge. 
 
 membrane with a central perforation, the 
 pupil. Within the choroid is the retina, a 
 delicate, transparent membrane containing the 
 terminations of the optic nerve. 
 The greater part of the eyeball is 
 filled with a mucoid substance, the 
 vitreous humor, against the anterior 
 surface of which rests the crystal- 
 line lens. The space between the 
 lens and the cornea is divided by 
 the iris into two compartments, 
 communicating through the pupil- 
 lary opening, the anterior and pos- 
 terior chambers, which contain the 
 aqueous humor. Anteriorly the eye 
 is covered by conjunctiva, poste- 
 riorly by a fibrous capsule {capsule 
 of Tenon). The eyeball is moved 
 by a series of muscles attached on 
 the outer surface. Changes in the 
 curvature of the lens are brought 
 about by the ciliary muscle, while 
 the size of the pupil is modified 
 by the action of dilator and con- Muscles of the Eye. Tendon or Ligament of Zinn — (Holden.) 
 Strictor fibers in the iris. E., 1. Tendon of Zinn. 2. External rectus divided. 3. Internal rectus. 
 Dino-rfl-mmntir nf T istincr a 4- Inferior rectus. 5. Superior rectus. 6. Superior oblique. 7. 
 
 diagrammatic, OI listing, a Pulley for superior oblique. 8. Inferior oblique. 9. Levator pal - 
 
 scheme for simplifying optic prob- pebrae superioris. 10, 10. Its anterior expansion. 11. Optic nerve. 
 
EYE 
 
 409 
 
 EYE 
 
 The Lacrimal and Meibomian Glands 
 and Adjacent Organs of the Eye. 
 —{H olden.) 
 
 i, i. Inner wall of orbit. 2. 2. Inner por- 
 tion of orbicularis palpebrarum. 3, 
 3. Attachment to circumference of 
 base of orbit. 4. Orifice for trans- 
 mission of nasal artery. 5. Muscle of 
 Horner (tensor tarsi). 6. 6. Mei- 
 bomian glands. 7, 7. Orbital portion 
 of lacrimal gland. 8, 9, 10. Palpe- 
 bral portion. 11, n. Mouths of ex- 
 cretory ducts. 12, 13. Lacrimal 
 puncta. 
 
 18. Hi 
 
 Relations or the Eye and the Lacrimal 
 
 Excretory Apparatus. — (H olden.) 
 1, 1. Canaliculi. 2, 2. Puncta lacrimalia. 3, 
 
 3. Inner extremity of tarsal cartilage. 4, 
 
 4. Free borders of lids. 5. Lacrimal sac. 
 6. Attachment to maxillary bone of super- 
 ior tendon. 7. Bifurcation of lacrimal sac. 
 8, 8. Two branches. 
 
 e ' 7 162 34 
 
 The Ciliary Muscle. — {Gould and 
 Pyle.) 
 
 1, 1. Crystalline lens. 2. Hyaloid 
 membrane. 3, 3. Zone of Zinn. 
 4. Iris. 5, 5. Radiating portion 
 of ciliary muscle. 6. Section of 
 circular portion. 7. Venous 
 plexus of a ciliary process. 8. 
 Sclerotic. 9. Middle layer of 
 cornea. 10. Anterior hyaline 
 layer of cornea. 11. Epithelial 
 covering of this layer. 12. Pos- 
 terior hyaline layer of the cornea, 
 or membrane of Descemet. 13. 
 Fibers in which this layer ter- 
 minates, or ligamentum pectina- 
 tum. 14. Epithelial covering of 
 posterior hyaline layer. 15.. 
 Junction of sclerotic and cornea. 
 16. Section of canal of Schlemm. 
 
EYE 
 
 410 
 
 EYE 
 
 Vertical Section Through the Upper Eyelid. — 
 (Gould and Pyle.) 
 Cutis, i. Epidermis. 2. Corium. B, 3. Subcu- 
 taneous connective tissue. C, 7. Orbicularis 
 muscle. D. Loose submuscular connective tissue. 
 E. Insertion of H. Midler's muscle. F. Tarsus. 
 G. Conjunctiva. /. Inner; K. Outer edge of the 
 lid. 4. Pigment-cells. 5. Sweat-glands. 6. 
 Hair-follicles. 8, 23. Sections of nerves. 9. 
 Arteries. 10. Veins. n. Cilia. 12. Modified 
 sweat-glands. 13, 13, 13. Circular muscle of 
 Riolan. 14. Meibomian gland. 15, 15. Section 
 of an acinus of the same. 16. Posterior tarsal 
 glands. 18, 19. Tissue of the tarsus. 20. Pre- 
 tarsal or submuscular connective tissue. 21, 22. 
 Conjunctiva, with its epithelium. 24. Fat. 25. 
 Loosely woven posterior end of the tarsus. 26. 
 Section of a palpebral artery, 
 
 Section of Ciliary Body and Iris. — 
 (Could and Pyle.) 
 
 1, 1. Ciliary processes. 2, 2. Their base 
 or rounded extremity. 3, 3. Their 
 apex. 4. A process with bifurcated 
 extremity. 5, 5. Reticulated folds, or 
 ciliary processes of the second order. 
 
 6, 6. Venules that emanate from these. 
 
 7, 7. Ora serrata of choroid. 8, 8. 
 Veins of choroid. 9, 9. Section of 
 iris. 10, 10. Circumference of iris. 
 11, 11. Small ring of iris. 12, 12. 
 Large ring of iris. 
 
 Iris and Choroid. 
 Optic nerve. 2, 2, 2, 2. Sclerotic, divided 
 into four equal parts and turned back. 3,3. 
 Pigmentary granulation of its inner layer. 
 4. Section of lamina fusca. 5, 5, 5, 5. 
 Cornea, divided into four equal parts. 6, 6. 
 Canal of Schlemm. 7. Outer surface of 
 choroid. 8. Superior and internal trunk 
 of vasa vorticosa. 9, 9. Irregular border 
 limiting the choroid zone posteriorly. 10, 
 10. Anterior half of this zone; ciliary 
 muscle. 11, 11. Ciliary nerves. 12. 
 Long ciliary artery. 13, 13, 13, 13. An- 
 terior ciliary arteries. 14. Iris. 15. 
 Small arterial circle of iris. 16. Pupil- 
 lary orifice. 
 
EYEPIECE 
 
 Eyepiece (i'-pes). Synonym of Ocular. 
 Huygenian. See Ocular, Huygenian. 
 
 411 
 
 E., Eyeteeth (i'-teth). 
 
 upper jaw. 
 
 FALSE 
 
 The canine teeth of the 
 
 F. i. Abbreviation of Fahrenheit. 2. Symbol 
 of fluorin. 
 
 Fabella (fa-bel'-ah) [dim. of faba, a bean]. A 
 sesamoid fibrocartilage or small bone occa- 
 sionally developed in the gastrocnemius 
 muscle. 
 
 Face (fas) [fades, the face]. A name applied 
 to the lower and anterior part of the head, 
 including the eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, lips, 
 etc. F., Adenoid, a half-idiotic expression, 
 combined with a long, high nose, flattened 
 at the bridge, narrow nostrils, open mouth 
 displaying irregular upper teeth, a drooping 
 jaw, and broadening between the eyes. 
 F.-ague. See Ague, Brow-. F. grippee, 
 the pinched face observed in peritonitis. 
 F., Mask-like, a face frequently seen in 
 alcoholic multiple neuritis, in which an ex- 
 pressionless band stretches across the nose 
 and cheeks between the eyes and lips, the 
 skin remaining motionless while the eye- 
 brows, forehead, and lips may be moving 
 freely. 
 
 Facet (fas'-et) [Fr., facette, a little face]. A 
 small plane surface, especially on a bone or 
 a hard body, like a calculus. 
 
 Facial (fa'-shal) [face]. Pertaining to the 
 face. F. Angle, an angle measured in 
 different ways by different authorities. 
 That of Virchow and Holder is formed bv 
 the union of a line joining the frontonasal 
 suture and the most prominent point of the 
 lower edge of the superior alveolar process, 
 and a line joining the superior border of the 
 external auditory meatus and the lower por- 
 tion of the orbit. That of Camper is formed 
 by the union of Camper's line (a line touching 
 the most prominent points of the upper and 
 lower face) and a line joining the acanthion 
 and the auricular point. 
 
 Facies (fa'-she-ez) [L., "face"]. The appear- 
 ance of the face. F. hippocratica, an ap- 
 pearance of the face indicative of the rapid 
 approach of dissolution: the nose is pinched, 
 the temples hollow, the eyes sunken, the ears 
 leaden and cold, the lips relaxed, the skin 
 livid. F. leontina. See Leontiasis. 
 
 Faciolingual (fa-she-o-lin 1 '-gwal) . Relating to 
 the face and tongue. 
 
 Factitious (fak-tish' -us) [facere, to make]. 
 Artificial. 
 
 Facultative (fak'-ul-ta-tiv) [facultas, capabil- 
 ity]. Voluntary; optional. F. Aerobic. 
 See under Aerobic. F. Anaerobic. See An- 
 aerobia, Facultative. F. Manifest Hyperopia, 
 that part of the manifest hyperopia that can be 
 
 "concealed by the accommodation. F. Para- 
 site, an organism that, while usually para- 
 sitic, can also live outside of its host. 
 
 Faecal, Faeces (fe'-kal, fe'-sez) . See Fecal, Feces. 
 
 Faenum-graecum (Jen - um - gre' - kum) . See 
 Fenugreek. 
 
 Faex (feks) [L., "lees" ; pi., fceces]. The dregs or 
 sediment of any liquid; fecula. F. medicinalis 
 liquida, liquid yeast. It is used in the treat- 
 ment of acne in the young. Dose J teaspoon- 
 ful to 1 tablespoonful mixed with water 
 once or twice daily with meals. F. me- 
 dicinalis sicca, dry yeast. It is used inter- 
 nally in smallpox to diminish suppuration; 
 also in bronchopneumonia occurring in 
 measles. Dose i^ teaspoonfuls mixed with 
 80 Cc. of boiled water in high rectal injection. 
 
 Fahrenheit's Thermometer. See Thermom- 
 eter, Fahrenheit. 
 
 Faint (fdnt) [feindre, to feign; ME., faynt, 
 weak]. 1. A condition of languor. 2. A 
 state of syncope or swooning. 
 
 Faith-cure. The system or practice of at- 
 tempting or pretending to cure disease by 
 religious faith and prayer alone. 
 
 Falciform (faV -si-form) [falx; forma, form]. 
 Having the shape of a sickle. F. Ligament. 
 See Ligament, Falciform. F. Process, a pro- 
 cess of the dura mater that separates the 
 hemispheres of the brain; the falx. 
 
 Falcular (fal'-ku-lar) [falx]. Sickle-shaped. 
 
 Falling (fawV-ing) [AS., feallan, to fall]. 
 Dropping down. F. -sickness, epilepsy. 
 F. of the Womb, a descent of the uterus 
 into the vagina. 
 
 Fallopian (fal-o'-pe-an). Described by Fallopio 
 or Fallopius. F. Aqueduct, F. Canal, a canal 
 in the petrosa, extending from the internal 
 auditory meatus to the stylomastoid foramen 
 and transmitting the facial nerve. F. Gesta- 
 tion, tubal gestation. F. Hiatus, an opening 
 on the anterior surface of the petrosa, which 
 serves for the transmission of the petrosal 
 branch of the vidian nerve. F. Ligament. 
 1. See Pouparfs Ligament. 2. See Hunter's 
 Ligament. F. Muscle, the pyramidalis. F. 
 Tube, the oviduct. F. Valve. See Bauhin's 
 Valve. 
 
 Fallopius, Aqueduct of. See Fallopian Aque- 
 duct. F., Hiatus of. - See Fallopian Hiatus. 
 
 Falret's Type of Mania of Persecution. 
 A form of paranoia occurring in degenerates. 
 Syn., "Idees de persecution et de perse'cuteur." 
 
 False (fawls) [falsus, deceptive]. Not genuine; 
 not real; imitating. F. Aneurysm. See 
 Aneurysm, False. F. Ankylosis, ankylosis 
 
FALX 
 
 412 
 
 FASCICULUS 
 
 due to rigidity of the soft tissues. F. Image, 
 in diplopia, the image of the deviating eye. 
 F. Membrane, a fibrinous exudate upon a 
 surface. F. Pains, pains that precede true 
 labor-pains. F. Passage, a passage formed 
 by the laceration of any canal. F. Pelvis, 
 the portion of the pelvic cavity situated 
 above the iliopectineal line. F. Ribs. See 
 Ribs, False. 
 
 Falx {falks) [L.]. A sickle; a sickle-shaped 
 structure. F. cerebelli, a sickle-like process 
 of dura mater between the lobes of the cere- 
 bellum. F. cerebri, the process of the dura 
 separating the hemispheres of the cerebrum. 
 
 Familial {fam-il'-yal). Characteristic of a 
 family. 
 
 Famine Fever. Same as Relapsing Fever. 
 
 Fang [AS., fangan, to seize]. The root of a 
 tooth. 
 
 Fango {fan' -go). Clay from the hot springs 
 of Battaglio, Italy; it is used as a local 
 application in gout. F. -therapy, the thera- 
 peutic application of heat and pressure by 
 means of heated fango or other mud. 
 
 Farad {far'-ad) [after Michael Faraday, a 
 physicist]. The unit of electric capacity; a 
 capacity sufficient to hold one coulomb of 
 current having a potential of one volt. 
 
 Faraday's Law of Electrolysis. The amount 
 of an ion liberated at an electrode in a 
 given time is proportional to the strength of 
 the current. 
 
 Faradic, Faradaic {far-ad' -ik, far-ad-a' -ik) . 
 Pertaining to induced electric currents. F. 
 Current, the induced electric current. 
 
 Faradism {far' -ad-izm) [see Farad], i. The 
 electricity produced in an induced or faradic 
 current. 2. Faradization. 
 
 Faradization {far-ad-iz-a! -shun) [see Farad]. 
 Faradism; the application of the induced 
 current to a diseased part. F., General, 
 the therapeutic application of the electric 
 current to the organism as a whole. 
 
 Farcy {far'-se) [farcire, to stuff]. The form 
 of glanders that attacks the skin and lym- 
 phatic glands. 
 
 Farfara {far' -far -ah). See Coltsfoot. 
 
 Farina (Jar-e'-nah) [L., "meal"]. The ground 
 or powdered starchy part of seeds, especially 
 that of corn, barley, rye, and wheat. 
 
 Farinaceous {far-in-a' -she-us) [farina]. Hav- 
 ing the nature of or yielding flour. 
 
 Far-point. The most distant point at which 
 an eye can see distinctly when accommo- 
 dation is completely relaxed. 
 
 Farre's Tubercles. Cancerous masses on 
 the surface of the liver. F.'s White Line, 
 the boundary-line at the hilum of the ovary 
 between the germ epithelium and the squa- 
 mous epithelium of the broad ligament; it 
 marks the insertion of the mesovarium. 
 
 Farre-Waldeyer's Line. See Farre's White 
 Line. 
 
 Far-sightedness. Hyperopia. 
 
 Fascia {fah'-she-ah) [L., "a band"]. 1. The 
 areolar tissue forming layers beneath the 
 skin {superficial fascia) or between muscles 
 
 {deep fascia). 2. A bandage. F., Anal. 
 See F., Ischiorectal. F., Cervical, Deep, 
 that which invests- the muscles of the neck 
 and incloses the vessels and nerves. F., 
 Colles , , the deep layer of the superficial 
 fascia of the perineum. F. colli. 1. The 
 deep and superficial fascias of the neck 
 regarded as one. 2. The deep cervical fascia. 
 F., Cremasteric, a thin covering of the 
 spermatic cord, formed by the stretched 
 fibers of the cremaster muscle. F., Cribri- 
 form, the sieve-like covering of the saphenous 
 opening. F. dentata, a serrated band of 
 gray matter of the hippocampal gyrus of 
 the cerebrum. F., Infundibuliform, the 
 process of the transversalis fascia extended 
 over the spermatic cord. F., Intercolumnar, 
 a fascia attached to the margins of the ex- 
 ternal abdominal ring and forming a sheath 
 for the cord and testis. F., Ischiorectal, 
 that covering the perineal aspect of the 
 levator ani muscle. F. lata, the dense 
 fascia surrounding the muscles of the thigh. 
 F.s of Origin, those serving for the origin 
 of muscles. F.s, Partial, aponeuroses cover- 
 ing the muscles of a limb and retaining 
 them in position; they are chiefly attached 
 by their extremities to bones. F., Preverte- 
 bral, a band of connective tissue covering 
 the front of the cervical vertebras and the 
 prevertebral muscles, adherent to the basilar 
 process above and running to the third 
 thoracic vertebra below. It is attached to 
 the esophagus and pharynx by loose con- 
 nective tissue. F. propria, F. propria of 
 the Scrotum, the infundibuliform fascia 
 together with the underlying areolar tissue. 
 F., Semilunar, F. semilunaris, a fibrous 
 band extending downward and inward from 
 the inner aspect of the biceps humeri and 
 its tendon and connecting with the fascia 
 investing the antibrachial muscles arising 
 from the inner condyle of the humerus. F., 
 Transversalis, that lying between the trans- 
 versalis muscle and the peritoneum. 
 
 Fascial {fah'-she-al) [fascia]. Pertaining to 
 or of the nature of a fascia. 
 
 Fascicle (fas'-ik-l) [dim. of fascis, a bundle]. 
 A small bundle of fibers. See Fasciculus. 
 F., Fornicate, the white matter of the forni- 
 cate gyrus, the fibers of which extend longi- 
 tudinally and ramify upward and backward 
 into its secondary gyri. Syn., Fillet of 
 the corpus callosum. F., Fundamental, a 
 part of the anterior column extending into 
 the oblongata. F.S, Gyral. See Fibers, As- 
 sociation-. F., Pyramidal, a portion of the 
 anterior column of the cord extending to the 
 pyramid. 
 
 Fasciculated {fas-ik' -u-la-ted) . United into 
 bundles or fascicles. 
 
 Fasciculus {fas-ik' -u-lus) [dim. of fascis, a 
 bundle]. A little bundle, particularly of 
 muscle-fibers; a fascicle {q.v.). F. ,Cuneate, 
 the continuation of Burdach's column, or the 
 posteromedian column of the spinal cord. 
 F., Gracile, the posterior pyramid of the 
 
FASCITIS 
 
 413 
 
 FEDERICI'S SIGN 
 
 medulla. F., Longitudinal Inferior, a 
 
 bundle lying close to the outer wall of the 
 medicornu and postcornu and connecting 
 the occipital and temporal lobes. Syn., 
 Inferior longitudinal bundle. F., Longitu- 
 dinal Posterior. See F., Posterolongitu- 
 dinal. F., Longitudinal Superior, a bundle 
 of fibers passing through the oblongata 
 • external to the cingulum and beneath the 
 lower border of the frontal and parietal 
 gyri. Fasciculi occipitothalamici, the bun- 
 dles of nerve-fibers uniting the thalamus 
 with the occipital lobe. F., Olivary. See 
 Fillet, Olivary. F., Perpendicular (of 
 Wernicke), a broad band of vertical fibers 
 extending in width from the point of the 
 occipital lobe to the dorsal point of the 
 parietal lobe and extending from the super- 
 ior occipital lobule to the inferior occipital 
 gyrus and fusiform lobule. F., Posterolongi- 
 tudinal, fibers connecting the corpora quad- 
 rigemina and the nuclei of the fourth and 
 sixth nerves with the parts below. F., 
 Solitary, fibers connecting the internal cap- 
 sule and the lenticular nucleus with parts 
 below. See Solitary Bundle. F., Sphenoid, 
 the part of the corona radiata which enters 
 the temporosphenoid lobe. F. subcallosus, 
 a tract of long association-fibers lying under 
 the corpus callosum, and connecting the 
 frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes. F. 
 teres, the funiculus teres. F. trineuralis, 
 F., Trineural. See Solitary Bundle. F. 
 unciformis, F. uncinatus, a bundle of 
 medullated axons extending between the 
 uncus and the basal portions of the frontal 
 lobe, and connecting the temporal sense area 
 with the olfactory sense area. 
 
 Fascitis (fas-i'-tis). Inflammation of a fascia. 
 
 Fastigatum Qas-tig-a' -turn) . See Nucleus 
 fastigii. 
 
 Fastigium {fas-tif-e-um) [L., "summit"]. The 
 acme of a disease. 
 
 Fat [ME.]. A greasy substance, a com- 
 pound of oleic, palmitic, or stearic acid with 
 glycerol. F.-cell, a connective-tissue cell 
 containing oil-globules. F. -necrosis, a pecu- 
 liar form of necrosis of a fatty tissue occur- 
 ring in pinpoint-sized areas of a dead-white 
 color. 
 
 Fatigue {fa-teg') [fatigo, weariness]. Weariness. 
 F. Diseases, those caused by constant 
 repetition of certain muscular movements. 
 F. Fever, fever following excessive exertions, 
 and supposed to be caused by the absorption 
 of waste-products. 
 
 Fatty (fat'-e) [fat]. Containing fat or de- 
 rived from fat. F. Acids, a series of acids 
 with the general formula C n H 2n 2 , some of 
 the members of which combine with glycerol 
 to form fats. F. Degeneration. See Degen- 
 eration, Fatty. 
 
 Fauces (faw'-sez) [L., "the upper part of the 
 throat"]. The space surrounded by the 
 palate, tonsils, and uvula. F., Isthmus of 
 the, the space at the back of the mouth 
 inclosed by the margin of the palate, the 
 
 back of the tongue, and the pillars of the 
 fauces. F., Pillars of the, the folds formed 
 by the palatoglossus muscle in front of the ton- 
 sils and by the palatopharyngeus behind them. 
 
 Fau chard's Disease. Alveolodental perios- 
 titis; pyorrhoea alveolaris; progressive ne- 
 crosis of the dental alveoli. 
 
 Faucial (faw'-se-al) [fauces]. Pertaining to the 
 fauces. 
 
 Faucitis (faw-si'-tis) [jauces; ncc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the fauces. 
 
 Favosoareolate (fa-vo-so-ar-e' '-o-lat) [favus; 
 areola]. Pitted with reticular markings. 
 
 Favus (fa'-vus) [L., "a honeycomb"]. A para- 
 sitic skin disease due to the presence of a 
 vegetable parasite, Achorion schonleinii. 
 It is characterized by the presence of round, 
 sulfur-yellow, cup-shaped crusts, having a 
 peculiar musty odor, and which are found 
 on microscopic examination to be composed 
 almost entirely of the elements of the fungus. 
 The disease affects most frequently the 
 scalp, but may occur anywhere. Syn., Tinea 
 favosa. F.-cup, any one of the cup-shaped 
 crusts that characterize favus. 
 
 Febralgene (feb-ral'-jen). A proprietary anti- 
 pyretic and sedative. Dose 2^-5 gr. (0.16- 
 0.32 Gm.). 
 
 Febricide {feb r -ris-ld) [jebris; ccedere, to kill]. 
 Destructive fever. 
 
 Febricula (feb^rik'-u-lah) [Jebris]. A slight 
 fever of short duration, most frequently en- 
 countered among children. 
 
 Febrifuge (feb'-rif-uj) [jebris; fugare, to dispel]. 
 1. Dispelling fever. 2. An agent that lessens 
 fever. 
 
 Febrile {jcb'-ril) [jebris]. Pertaining to or 
 characterized by fever. 
 
 Febrinol {jeb'-re-noT). A proprietary antipy- 
 retic and analgesic remedy. 
 
 Febris (feb'-ris) [L.]. A fever (q. v.). 
 
 Fecal {fe'-kal) [feces]. Pertaining to, consisting 
 of, or discharging feces. 
 
 Feces (fe'-sez) [fccx, dregs]. The excretions 
 of the bowels. The feces consist of excretions 
 and secretions from the intestine and of 
 undigested food, the latter being made up of 
 digestible substances that escaped digestion 
 and of indigestible matters, such as nuclein, 
 cellulose, chlorophyl, and mineral salts. 
 
 Fechner's Law. See Law, Fechner's. 
 
 Fecula {jek'-u-lah) [dim. of ftzx, sediment]. 
 The starchy part of a seed. Also the sedi- 
 ment subsiding from an infusion. 
 
 Feculent {fek f -u-lent) [fcrculentus, dreggy]. 
 Having sediment. 
 
 Fecundation (fe-kun-da' -shun) [fecundity]. 
 The act of fertilizing. F., Artificial, fecun- 
 dation brought about by the injection of 
 semen into the vagina or uterus through a 
 syringe or other instrument. 
 
 Fecundity (fe-kun'-dit-e) [fecunditas, fruitful- 
 ness]. The ability to produce offspring. 
 
 Federici's Sign. Perception of the heart- 
 sounds over the whole abdomen in cases of 
 perforative peritonitis with escape of gas into 
 the peritoneal cavity. 
 
FEEDING 
 
 414 
 
 FERCREMOL 
 
 Feeding (fe'-ding) [ME., feden, to nourish]. 
 The taking of food or aliment. F., Extra- 
 buccal, the introduction of food into the 
 system by channels other than the mouth: 
 by subcutaneous nutritive enemas or intra- 
 vascular injection of food-materials; feeding 
 after gastrotomy through gastric fistulas. 
 
 Fehling's Solution. See under F.'s Test for Glu- 
 cose. F.'s Test for Glucose, two solutions 
 are required to be kept in two distinct parts 
 in well-stoppered bottles. (A) Dissolve 
 36.64 Gm. of copper sulfate in 500 Cc. of 
 water. (B) Dissolve 173 Gm. of rochelle 
 sal.s in 100 Cc. of a solution of caustic soda 
 having a specific gravity of 1.34, and dilute 
 with water to 500 Cc. Mix equal volumes 
 of A and B for use; the result is a dark- 
 blue fluid known as Fehling's solution. The 
 solution should always be fresh, as tartaric 
 acid has a tendency to become converted 
 into racemic acid, which reduces cupric salts 
 like sugar. Its absence should always be 
 ascertained by boiling the Fehling solution, 
 which should remain unaltered by this pro- 
 cess. On addition of a solution of glucose 
 and then boiling, a red precipitate of the 
 cuprous oxid or hydrate occurs. 
 
 Fel [L.]. Bile. F. bovis (U. S. P.), oxgall. F. 
 bovis purificatum (U. S. P.), purified oxgall; 
 it is said to be tonic and laxative. Dose 
 5-10 gr. (c.3— 0.6 Gm.). 
 
 Fellifluous (fel-if -lu-us) [fel; fluere, to flow]. 
 Flowing with gall. 
 
 Fellitin (fel'-it-in). A proprietary preparation 
 of oxgall for use in frost-bite. 
 
 Felon (fel' -on). See Paronychia. 
 
 Felt Treatment of Sciatica. Subcutaneous 
 injection of jj gr. (2 mg..) of atropin, followed 
 in 48 hours by a second dose of ^t § r - ( 2 -6 
 mg.), 48 hours after, ^ gr. (3 mg.). 
 
 Female (fe'-mal) [femina, woman]. 1. Per- 
 
 . taining to the sex that conceives and bears 
 young; pertaining to woman. 2. Denoting 
 that part of a double-limbed instrument 
 that receives the complementary part. F. 
 Catheter, a catheter for emptying the female 
 bladder. 
 
 Femoral (fern' -or-al) \]emur\ Pertaining to 
 the femur. F. Arch, Poupart's ligament. 
 F. Artery. See under Artery. F. Canal, a 
 canal in the sheath of the femoral ves- 
 sels, to the inner side of the femoral vein, 
 through which, at times, a hernia descends. 
 F. Hernia. See Hernia, Femoral. F. Liga- 
 ment of Hey. See Liga7nent,Hey's. F.Ring, 
 the abdominal end of the femoral canal, nor- 
 mally closed by the crural septum and the 
 peritoneum. F. Sheath, a continuation down- 
 ward of the fascias that line the abdomen. 
 It contains the femoral vessels. 
 
 Femoropopliteal (fem-or-o-pop-lit-e'-al). 1. 
 Relating to or contained in the thigh or 
 popliteal space. 2. Relating to the dorsal 
 aspect of the thigh. 
 
 Femoropretibial (fem-or-o-pre-tib'-e-al). Re- 
 lating to the thigh and the anterior part 
 of the leg. 
 
 The Femoral Ring and Saphenous Opening. — 
 {After H olden 
 (The arrow is introduced into the femoral ring.) 
 1. Crural arch. 2. Saphenous opening of the fascia lata. 
 3. Saphena vein. 4. Femoral vein. 5. Gimbernat's 
 ligament. 6. External abdominal ring. 7. Position 
 of internal ring. 
 
 Femorotibial (fem-or-o-tib'-e-al). Relating to 
 the femur and the tibia. 
 
 Femorovascular (fem-or-o-vas' '-ku-lar) [femur; 
 vasculum, a little vase]. Relating to the 
 femoral canal. 
 
 Femur (fe'-mur) [L.]. The thigh-bone. 
 
 Fence (fens) [abbreviation of defense]. A 
 line of cross-scarification made on the 
 skin surrounding an erysipelatous area, to 
 which a germicide is applied, to prevent 
 progress of the disease. 
 
 Fenestra (fen-es'-trah) [L., "a window"]. A 
 window-like opening, as the open space in 
 the blade of an obstetric forceps, or an open- 
 ing in a bandage or dressing for drainage, 
 etc. F. cochleae, F. cochlearis, F. tri- 
 quetra, the fenestra rotunda. See under Ear. 
 F. semiovalis, F. vestibularis, F. vestibuli, 
 the fenestra ovalis. See under Ear. 
 
 Fenestrated (fe-nes'-tra-ted) [fenestra]. Perfor- 
 ated. F. Membrane of Henle, the layer of 
 elastic tissue in the intima of large arteries. 
 
 Fennel (fen' -I). See Fceniculum. 
 
 Fenthozon (fen'-tho-zon). A proprietary dis- 
 infectant and deodorant said to consist of 
 acetic acid, 26 Gm.; phenol, 2 Gm.; menthol, 
 camphor, and oil of eucalyptus, of each, 
 1 Gm., and oils of verbena and lavender, of 
 each, 0.5 Gm. 
 
 Fenugreek (fen'-u-greh). The Trigonella fee- 
 num-gr cecum, a leguminous plant cultivated 
 in France and Germany, the seeds of which 
 contain two alkaloids, cholin and trigonellin. 
 The seeds are employed for the preparation 
 of emollient poultices, enemas, ointments, 
 and plasters. They are not used internally. 
 
 Fen wick's Disease. Primary atrophy of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Feralboid (fer-aV -bo-id). A peptonized albu- 
 minate of iron. It is used in anemia, neuras- 
 thenia, etc. Dose |-| gr. (0.021-0.042 Gm.) 
 3 times a day. Syn., Feraldoid. 
 
 Fercremol {fer'-kre-mol). A brown, tasteless 
 
FEREOL'S NODOSITIES 
 
 415 
 
 FERREIN'S CANAL 
 
 compound of iron and hemoglobin, containing 
 3% of iron. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 Gm.). 
 
 Fereol's Nodosities. Inconstant subcutane- 
 ous nodosities observed in cases of acute 
 articular rheumatism. 
 
 Fereol-Graux's Type of Ocular Palsy. 
 Associated paralysis of the internal rectus 
 muscle of one side and of the external rectus 
 of the other; it is of nuclear origin. 
 
 Ferisol {fer'-is-ol). A derivative of cinnamic 
 acid and guaiacol; a very soluble powder. 
 Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.); intramuscularly, 15 
 min (0.92 Cc.) of a 10% solution 
 
 Fermanglobin {fer-man-gW -bin) . Hemoglobin 
 combined with iron and manganese; used 
 in anemia. Dose a teaspoonful to a dessert- 
 spoonful (5-10 Cc). 
 
 Ferment {fer'-ment) [fermentum, leaven; yeast]. 
 Any substance which, in contact with another 
 substance, is capable of setting up changes 
 {fermentation) in the latter without itself 
 undergoing much change. Ferments are 
 classified into unorganized, or soluble, and 
 organized, or living, ferments. According 
 to the character of the fermentation, the 
 unorganized ferments are divided into anxio- 
 lytic, proteolytic, fat-decomposing, milk-curd- 
 ling, and coagulating ferments. Amylolytic 
 ferments (sugar-producing or diastatic fer- 
 ments) convert starch into sugar. The most 
 important is ptyalin of the saliva; but similar 
 ferments are found in the pancreatic and 
 intestinal juice, bile, blood, milk, urine, etc. 
 Proteolytic ferments convert proteids into 
 peptones and albumoses. They are found in 
 the stomach {pepsin), in the pancreatic juice 
 {trypsin), and elsewhere. A fat-decomposing 
 ferment is found in the stomach and in the 
 pancreatic juice. Milk-curdling ferment is 
 found in the stomach and the intestinal 
 juice. The best example of a coagulating fer- 
 ment is the fibrin-ferment . The organized or liv- 
 ing ferments are the yeasts and bacteria. See 
 also Fermentation. F., Animal, one secreted 
 by the animal organism. F., Chemic. See 
 Enzym. F.s, Coagulating, the milk -curdling 
 ferment (chymosin) and fibrin-forming fer- 
 ment (thrombin). F., Digestive, an enzym, 
 either of animal or vegetable production, 
 which acts upon a certain kind of food. The 
 digestive ferments embrace the amylolytic, 
 proteolytic, invertive, emulsive, and the milk- 
 curdling ferments. F., Fibrin-. See Fibrin- 
 ferment. F., Glycolytic. 1. One exist- 
 ing in the liver, which changes starch 
 into sugar; also any ferment capable of 
 decomposing sugar. 2. Lepine's name for 
 the internal secretion of the pancreas which 
 reaches the general circulation without enter- 
 ing the intestinal tract. F.s, Hydrolytic. 
 See Hydrolytic Ferments. F., Inversive, F., 
 Inverting. See Invertin. F.s, Oxidation, 
 F.s, Oxidizing, ferments existing in the 
 cells and tissues of the body which act as 
 oxygen-carriers and act on hydrogen dioxid 
 and neutral oxygen as well; their activity is 
 destroyed by heat. Syn., Oxidases; Oxydases; 
 
 Tissue ferments. F., Piarolytic, one which 
 decomposes fat. F., Soluble. See Enzym. 
 F., Steatolytic, one that splits fat into fatty 
 acids and glycerol, as steapsin of the pan- 
 creatic juice and similar ferments found in 
 seeds of poppy, castor-oil beans, Indian 
 hemp, corn, etc. 
 
 Fermentation {fer-men-ta'-shun) [ferment]. 
 The decomposition of complex mole- 
 cules under the influence of ferments. F., 
 Acetic, the fermentation whereby weak 
 alcoholic solutions are converted into vinegar; 
 caused by Bacillus aceti, etc. F., Alco- 
 holic, F., Spirituous, the conversion of 
 saccharine substances into alcohol; it is due 
 to yeast-germs. F., Ammoniacal, that 
 giving rise to ammoniacal gas and carbon 
 dioxid, which combine to form ammonium 
 carbonate. The agent of the ammoni- 
 acal fermentation of urine is Micrococcus 
 urea. F., Butyric, the conversion of sugars, 
 starches, milk, etc., into butyric acid, 
 due to various microorganisms, especially 
 Bacillus butyricus. F., Lactic, the "sour- 
 ing" of milk, caused by Bacillus lacticus. 
 F., Propionic, the production of propionic 
 acid by Bacillus cavicida, which decom- 
 poses saccharine solutions. F. Test for 
 Glucose, half fill a test-tube with a solution 
 of dextrose, and add a little dried German 
 yeast. Invert the tube over mercury and 
 alloAv it to stand in a warm place for 24 
 hours. The sugar will ferment, carbonic-acid 
 gas accumulates in the tube, and the liquid 
 gives the tests for alcohol. A control-experi- 
 ment should be made with yeast and water 
 in another test-tube, as a small yield of 
 carbonic acid is often obtained from impuri- 
 ties in the yeast. See also Roberts. F., 
 Viscous, a fermentation characterized by the 
 production of a gummy substance. 
 
 Fern. Any cryptogamous plant of the order 
 Filices . See A spidium . 
 
 Ferralbumose {fer-al'-bu-moz). A meat pre- 
 cipitate treated with artificial gastric juice 
 and ferric chlorid. 
 
 Ferralia {fer-a'-le-ah) [ferrum, iron]. Me- 
 dicinal preparations of iron. 
 
 Ferrated {fer'-a-ted). Combined with iron; 
 
 • containing iron. 
 
 Ferratin {fer'-at-in). A chemic compound of 
 iron and albumin, introduced as identical 
 with the organic iron component of all food. 
 It is used in anemia and malnutrition. Dose 
 7|gr. (0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily. F., Schmiede- 
 berg's, a nuclein in combination with 
 iron contained in liver. Syn., Zaleski's 
 he pa tin. 
 
 Ferratogen {fer-af -o-jen) . An iron nuclein 
 obtained by cultivating yeast on a medium 
 impregnated with iron. It is used in treat- 
 ment of chlorosis, the preparation containing 
 1% of metallic iron. Syn., Ferric nuclein. 
 
 Ferrein's Canal. See Canal of Ferrein. F.'s 
 Cords, the true vocal cords. F.'s Foramen. 
 See Fallopian Hiatus. F.'s Pyramids, 
 the medullary rays, pyramidal in shape, 
 
FERRIC 
 
 416 
 
 FERROUS 
 
 having their apexes at the periphery of the 
 cortex of the kidney and their bases in the 
 boundary layer. F.'s Tubes, the convoluted 
 uriniferous tubules. 
 
 Ferric {}er'-ik). i. Pertaining to or of the 
 nature of iron. 2. Containing iron as a 
 trivalent or quadrivalent radicle. F. Ammo- 
 nium Sulfate {Jerri et ammonii sulphas, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 7^ gr. (0.5 Gm.). F. Ammonium 
 Tartrate (Jerri et ammonii tartras, U. S. P.), 
 iron and ammonium tartrate. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 
 Gm.). F. Chlorid {Jerri chloridum, U. S. P.), 
 iron perchlorid. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Cm.). F. 
 Chlorid, Solution of {liquor ferri chloridi, U. 
 S. P.). Dose 2-10 min. (0.13-0.65 Cc). F. 
 Chlorid, Tincture of {tinctura ferri chloridi, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 F. Citrate {Jerri citras, U. S. P.). Dose 3-10 gr. 
 (0.2-0.65 Gm.). F. Citrate, Soluble {Jerri et 
 ammonii citras, U. S. P.), ammonioferric citrate; 
 iron and ammonium citrate. Dose 2-5 gr. 
 (0.12-0.32 Gm.). F. Citrate, Solution of. 
 Dose 10 min. (0.65 Cc). F. Citrate, Wine of 
 (vinum ferri, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 
 Cc). F. Hydroxid {ferri hydroxidum, U. S. P.), 
 hydrated oxid of iron, an antidote to arsenic 
 F. Hydroxid with Magnesium Oxid {ferri hy- 
 droxidum cum magnesii oxido, U. S. P.), an 
 antidote to arsenic. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2—0.3 
 Gm.). F. Hypophosphite {Jerri hypophos- 
 phis, U. S. P.). Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). F. 
 Nuclein. See Ferratogen. F. Phosphate, 
 Soluble {ferri phosphas solubilis, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). F. Pyro- 
 phosphate, Soluble {ferri pyrophosphas solu- 
 bilis, U. S. P.). Dose 2-5 gr. (0.23—0.32 Gm.). 
 F. Subsulfate Solution of {liquor ferri sub- 
 sulphatis, U. S. P.), Monsel's solution. Dose 
 3 min. (0.2 Cc). 
 
 Ferrichthol {fer-ik'-thoT). A form of ichthyol 
 iron sulfonate which contains 3-5% of 
 organically combined iron together with 
 96.5% of ichthyol sulfonic acid. It is odor- 
 less and tasteless, and is used in the treatment 
 of anemia and chlorosis. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 
 Gm.). 
 
 Ferricyanid {fer-e-si' -an-id) . A compound of 
 ferricyanogen, with an element or radicle. 
 
 Ferri cyanogen {fer-e-si-an'-o-jen). A hexad 
 radicle, (FeC 6 N ) 2 . 
 
 Ferrinol (jer'-in-ol). Iron nucleid, a compound 
 of nucleol and iron oxid containing 6% of 
 iron. 
 
 Ferripton {fer-ip'-lon). A proprietary prepara- 
 tion said to contain 4% of iron, 7% of pro- 
 teids, and 89 % of water. It is-used in anemia 
 and chlorosis. 
 
 Ferro- {fer-o-) [ferrum, iron]. A prefix used 
 with the names of ferrous compounds. 
 
 Ferrocyanate {fer-o-si'-an-at). See Ferro- 
 cyanid. 
 
 Ferrocyanic {fer-o-si-an'-ik). Composed of 
 iron and cyanogen. 
 
 Ferrocyanid {fer-o-si'-an-id). A compound 
 of ferrocyanogen, with an element or radicle. 
 
 Ferrocyanogen {fer-o-si-an'-o-jen). A tetra- 
 valent radicle, Fe(CN) 6 . 
 
 Ferrocyanuret {fer-o-si-an' -u-ret) . See Ferro- 
 cyanid. 
 
 Ferroferric {fer-o-fer'-ik). Containing iron 
 in both ferric and ferrous combinations. 
 
 Ferrohemol {fer-o-hem'-ol). Hemol containing 
 3% of added iron. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Ferrol, Ferroleum {fer'-ol, fer-o' -le-um). A 
 proprietary 50% emulsion of cod-liver oil 
 containing iron phosphate. 
 
 Ferromagnesium Sulfate {fer-o-mag-ne'-se-um 
 sul'-fat), FeS0 4 . MgS0 4 + 6H 2 0. A greenish 
 powder, used in anemia and chlorosis. 
 Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Ferromagnetic {fer-o-mag-nel'-ik). Having 
 iron as a constituent and possessing mag- 
 netic properties. 
 
 Ferrometer {fer-om'-et-er) [ferrum; jikxpov, a 
 measure]. An apparatus for estimating quan- 
 titatively the iron in a minimum quantity of 
 blood. 
 
 Ferropyrin {fer-o-pi'-rin), (C n H 12 N 2 0) 3 Fe 2 Cl 6 . 
 A hemostatic containing antipyrin, 64 % ; iron, 
 12%; chlorin, 24%. It is styptic, antiseptic, 
 and astringent, and is applied externally in 
 gonorrhea and nosebleed. It is used intern- 
 ally in anemia, chlorosis, neuralgia, in doses 
 of from 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.). Application, 
 1 to 1.5% solution for gonorrhea; 20 % solu- 
 tion for nosebleed. 
 
 Ferrosin {fer'-o-sin). A granular or fine red 
 powder used as a pigment and said to contain 
 iron oxid, 70 to 75%; lime and albumin, 
 10 to 20%; water, 10 to 15 %. 
 
 Ferrosodium-citroalbuminate {fer -o-so-de- 
 um-sit-ro-al-bu' -min-at) . A hematinic con- 
 taining 30% of ferric oxid. Dose 23 gr. (1.5 
 Gm.); children, 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.) in 
 soup or syrup. 
 
 Ferrosoferric {fer-o-so-fer' '-ik) . Containing iron 
 as a bivalent and a trivalent radicle. 
 
 Ferrosoferrous {fer-o-so-fer' -us). Applied to 
 a salt which is compounded of two ferrous 
 salts. 
 
 Ferrosol (fer'-o-sol). A double combination 
 of ferric saccharate and saccharate of sodium 
 chlorid occurring as a clear, black-brown 
 liquid ; used in chlorosis, anemia, and neuras- 
 thenia. Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) 3 times 
 daily. 
 
 Ferrosomatose {fer-o-so' -mat-oz) . A combina- 
 tion of 2% of iron with somatose; an odor- 
 less, tasteless powder, soluble in water. It 
 is used as a tonic in chlorosis, anemia, and 
 debility. Dose 75-150 gr. (5-10 Gm.) daily; 
 as a laxative, 150 gr. (10 Gm.). 
 
 Ferrostyptin {fer-o-stip'-tin). A preparation 
 of iron and formaldehyd occurring in cubic 
 crystals or crystalline powder, soluble in 
 water, melting at 120 C. It is used as a 
 noncaustic, antiseptic hemostatic in den- 
 tistry. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Ferrous {fer' -us) [ferrum]. Containing iron 
 as a bivalent element. F. Carbonate, Mass 
 of {massa ferri carbonatis, U. S. P.), Vallet's 
 mass. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.32 Gm.). F. 
 Carbonate, Pills of {pilulce ferri carbonatis, 
 U. S. P.), Blaud's pills, consist of ferrous sul- 
 
FERROVIN 
 
 417 
 
 FEVER 
 
 fate, potassium carbonate, sugar, tragacanth, 
 althea, glycerol, and water. F. Carbonate, 
 Saccharated (ferri carbonas saccharatus, U. 
 S. P.). Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). F. 
 Iodid, Pills of (pilules ferri iodidi, U. S. P.), 
 Blancard's pills; each pill contains 1 gr. of 
 ferrous iodid. F. Iodid, Syrup of (syrupus 
 ferri iodidi, U. S. P.). Dose 15-30 min. (1-2 
 Cc). F. Sulfate (ferri sulphas, U.S. P.). 
 Dose 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). F. Sulfate, Dried 
 (ferri sulphas exsiccatus, U. S. P.). Dose 3 
 gr. (0.2 Gm.). F. Sulfate, Granulated (ferri 
 sulphas granulatus, U. S. P.). Dose 3 gr. 
 (0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Ferrovin (fer'-o-vin). A readily absorbable 
 iron preparation, used in anemia. 
 
 Ferruginated (fer-u' '-jin-a-ted) . Having the 
 properties of iron. 
 
 Ferruginous (fer-u' -jin-us) [ferrum]. 1. Chaly- 
 beate. 2. Having the color of iron-rust. 
 
 Ferrum (fer'-um) [L.]. Iron, Fe = 56. Quan- 
 tivalence n, iv. The most familiar and 
 most useful of all metals; it is found in 
 many minerals, in nearly all soils, in many 
 mineral waters, and also occurs pure, especi- 
 ally in the form of meteoric iron. Pure iron 
 is rare, nearly all commercial irons containing 
 carbon in various proportions. In pharmacy, 
 iron is used in the form of fine, bright, non- 
 elastic wire, as reduced iron, a metallic iron 
 with a variable amount of iron oxid, and in 
 the form of salts. The therapeutic properties 
 of iron depend on its power to build up the 
 blood, it being a normal constituent of the 
 red corpuscles; hence it is useful in all forms 
 of anemia and in the diseases depending upon 
 the latter. Externally many of the soluble 
 salts of iron are used as styptic and astrin- 
 gent lotions. F. dialysatum, dialyzed iron.* 
 Dose of the solution 10—20 min. (o. 65—1.3 
 Cc). F. reductum (U. S. P.), reduced iron; 
 iron by hydrogen; Quevenne's iron. Dose 
 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). See also under Ferric, 
 Ferrous, and Iron. 
 
 Fersan (fer f -san). A proprietary food -product 
 made from the red corpuscles of beef -blood. 
 
 Fertile (jer'-til) [jcrtilis, fruitful]. Prolific; 
 fruitful. 
 
 Fertilization (fer-til-i-za' -shun) [fertile]. The 
 art of making fertile ; impregnation. 
 
 Ferula (fer'-u-lah) [L.]. A genus of the order 
 Umbelliferce. See Asafetida and Galbanum. 
 
 Fester (fes'-ter) [ME.]. 1. To suppurate. 2. 
 An ulcer. 
 
 Festination (fes-tin-a 1 '-shun) [jestinare, to 
 hasten]. A gait that increases in rapidity; 
 it is seen in paralysis agitans. 
 
 Fetal (fe'-tal) [fetus]. Pertaining to the fetus. 
 F. Markings, furrows and embryonic mark- 
 ings found in the adult kidney. 
 
 Fetation (fe-ta' -shun) [fetus]. 1. The formation 
 of a fetus. 2. Pregnancy. 
 
 Feticide (fe'-tis-id) [fetus; ccedere, to kill]. The 
 killing of the fetus in the womb. 
 
 Fettmilch of Gartner. A preparation ob- 
 tained by putting equal parts of milk and 
 sterile water into the drum of a centrifuge, 
 28 
 
 which is then revolved 4000 times a minute. 
 The fat in the milk collects at the center, 
 and may be drawn off with a tube inserted. 
 The milk obtained should contain the same 
 amount of fat as mother's milk, and by the 
 addition of 35 Gm. of lactose to the liter 
 a milk is produced which in composition 
 resembles human milk very closely. This 
 should be sterilized. 
 
 Fetus (fe'-tus) [fcetus, offspring]. The unborn 
 offspring of viviparous animals in the later 
 stages of development. 
 
 Fever (fe'-ver) [febris, a fever]. 1. An ele- 
 vation of the body-temperature above the 
 normal. 2. A disease the distinctive charac- 
 teristic of which is elevation of temperature, 
 accompanied also by quickened pulse and 
 respirations, increased tissue-waste, and dis- 
 ordered secretions. F., Absorption-, a 
 fever often occurring during the first 12 
 hours after parturition. F., African Hemo- 
 globinuric. See F., Blackwater. F., Asthe- 
 nic, one in which there are a weak circulation, 
 a clammy skin, and a low state of the ner- 
 vous system. F., Bilious Remittent. 1. A 
 term sometimes used as a synonym of Black- 
 water fever. 2. Relapsing fever. F., Black- 
 water, a disease of the tropics characterized 
 by sudden onset, fever, chills, vomiting, 
 and dyspnea. Syn., Bilious hematuric fever; 
 Bilious remittent fever; Hematuric fever; 
 Hemoglobinuric fever. According to R. 
 Koch and others, in the majority of 
 cases it is the result of quinin-poisoning 
 in malarial patients. F. -blister. See Her- 
 pes facialis. F., Brain-, fever associated 
 with inflammation of the cerebral meninges; 
 meningitis. F., Breakbone. Synonym of 
 Dengue. F., Bubonic Typhus, typhus fever 
 with inflammation, swelling, and suppuration 
 of the inguinal, parotid, axillary, submaxillary, 
 or mammary region. F., Catarrhal, in- 
 fluenza. F., Catheter. See F., Urethral. 
 F., Cavite, an acute contagious disease 
 confined almost exclusively to Cavite naval 
 station in the Philippines. It is marked 
 by sudden onset, high temperature, severe 
 muscular pain, and extremely tender and 
 painful eyeballs, the incubation period vary- 
 ing from two days to two weeks. F., Cerebro- 
 spinal, an acute infectious disease charac- 
 terized by inflammation of the meninges 
 of the brain and cord with involvement of 
 the superficial layers of nerve-substance. 
 See Cerebrospinal Meningitis under Exan- 
 thems, Table of. F., Chagres, a malignant 
 form of malaria endemic on the isthmus 
 of Panama. F., Continued, one the 
 course of which is free from remissions 
 or intermissions. F., Dandy. Synonym 
 of Dengue. F., Enteric. See Typhoid Fever. 
 F., Eruptive, one that is accompanied by 
 an eruption on the skin. F., Estivoau- 
 tumnal. See F., Remittent. F., Famine. 
 See Relapsing Fever. F. , Fatigue , th at follow- 
 ing excessive muscular exercise. F., Fracture, 
 fever due to fracture of a bone. F., Gaspard's 
 
FEVER 
 
 418 
 
 FIBER 
 
 Putrid, fever due to putrefaction of the 
 intestinal contents. F., Gastric, a term 
 used indefinitely to indicate any febrile ail- 
 ment associated with abdominal symptoms. 
 F., Hay-. See Hay-}ever. F., Hectic, a 
 diurnal ly intermittent fever with the highest 
 temperature in the evening and accompanied 
 by sweats and chills. It is found in tubercu- 
 losis and other diseases associated with the 
 absorption of septic products. F., Hema- 
 turic Bilious, F., Hemoglobinuric. See 
 F., Black-water. F., Hill-, the pernicious 
 malarial fever of the hill regions of India. 
 F., Intermittent, one in which the symp- 
 toms intermit, with intermediate periods 
 of freedom from the febrile attacks. F., 
 Littoral, malarial fever in coast regions. 
 F., Low, fever of an asthenic type. F., 
 Lung, croupous pneumonia. F., Malarial. 
 See Malarial Fever. F., Malignant, a 
 severe and fatal form of any fever. F., 
 Malta. See F., Mediterranean. F., Manila, 
 a special type of pernicious fever occurring 
 in the hot months (April and May) in Manila 
 and sometimes becoming epidemic. F., 
 Mediterranean, a specific febrile disease 
 of the Mediterranean coast, characterized 
 by long, irregular pyrexia, frequent relapses, 
 rheumatic complications, constipation, with 
 no ulceration of Peyer's patches. The 
 incubation period is from 6 to 9 days. Tem- 
 perature may rise to 106 F. ; in fatal cases 
 to 1 io° F. It is due to Micrococcus melitensis, 
 Bruce. F., Melanuric (Remittent), black- 
 water fever. F., Metabolic, a form of fever 
 common in children' during the summer, 
 due to increased metabolism and increased 
 tissue-waste clogging the system, owing to 
 inability of the excretory organs to dis- 
 pose of the waste rapidly enough. F., Milk-, a 
 slight form of puerperal septicemia, formerly 
 thought to be due to the formation of milk 
 in the mother's breast. F., Paratyphoid, 
 a condition clinically identical with typhoid 
 fever, but due to a bacillus differing from 
 Bacillus typhosus and B. coli communis. F., 
 Puerperal. See Puerperal Fever. F., Puru- 
 lent, the pyrexia attending suppuration. 
 F., Relapsing. See Relapsing Fever. F., 
 Remittent, a paroxysmal fever with ex- 
 acerbations and remissions, but not inter- 
 missions; usually applied specifically to 
 remittent malarial fever, the type caused 
 by the estivoautumnal malarial parasite. 
 F., Rheumatic, febrile symptoms developed 
 in the course of acute rheumatism. F., 
 Roman, a malignant malarial fever occurring 
 in the Roman Campagna. F., Scarlet. 
 See Scarlatina. F., Septic, one due to the 
 entrance of septic matter into the system. 
 F., Simple Continued, a continued, non- 
 contagious fever, varying in duration from 
 1 to 12 days, and usually ending in recovery. 
 F., Spirillum. Synonym of Relapsing 
 fever. F., Splenic. Synonym of Anthrax. 
 F., Spotted. 1. Synonym of Cerebrospinal 
 meningitis. 2. The local name, among 
 
 the eastern foot-hills of the Bitter Root 
 Mountains (western U. S.), for an endemic 
 disease characterized by initial chill, con- 
 stipation, fever, rapid pulse, enlarged spleen, 
 muscular soreness, severe pain in head and 
 back, and an eruption of macular spots, 
 varying from' bright red to purple or brown- 
 ish-red in color. It is due apparently to 
 a hematozoon to which the name Piroplasma 
 hominis has been given. F., Sthenic, a 
 fever characterized by rapid, full pulse, 
 heat and dryness of the skin, high tempera- 
 ture, scanty urine, and delirium. F., Sur- 
 gical, the pyrexia consequent upon a surgical 
 operation. F., Texas. See Texas Fever. F., 
 Thermic. Synonym of Heat-stroke. F.,Tick. 
 
 1. Texas fever. 2. Spotted fever (2). F., 
 Traumatic, that following traumatism. F., 
 Tropical, yellow fever. F., Typhoid. See 
 Typhoid Fever. F., Typhotyphus, Pepper's 
 name for mild typhus marked by laxity of 
 the bowels, tympanites, epistaxis, and bron- 
 chial disturbance, the eruption occurring on 
 the fourth day and the crisis from the tenth 
 to the fourteenth day. F., Typhus. See 
 Typhus Fever. F., Urban, a fever enduring 
 about three weeks, and similar to mild typhoid 
 except that specific symptoms are absent. F., 
 Uremic, one due to poisoning from urinary 
 ptomains; it has been observed after opera- 
 tions on the urinary tract and in urinary 
 diseases. F., Urethral, the febrile disturb- 
 ance that follows the use of the catheter or 
 bougie. F., Walking Typhoid. See under 
 Typhoid Fever. F., Yellow. See Yellow 
 Fever. 
 
 Fiat, Fiant (fi'-at, fi'-ant) [pres. subj., third 
 person, sing, and pi., of fieri, to be made]. 
 Let there be made. 
 
 Fiber (fi'-ber) [fibra, a thread]. A filamentary 
 or thread-like structure. F.s, Accelerating, 
 nerve-fibers which convey impulses that 
 hasten the rapidity and increase the force 
 of the heart-beat. F.s, Arciform, F.s, 
 Arcuate, bow-shaped fibers on the anterior 
 aspect of the oblongata. F.s, Association-, 
 white nerve-fibers situated just beneath the 
 cortical substance and connecting the ad- 
 jacent cerebral gyri. F.s, Augmented, 
 F.s, Augmentor. See F.s, Accelerating. 
 F.s, Auxiliary. See F.s, Secondary. F., 
 Axial. 1. The axial band of a nerve-fiber. 
 
 2. The central spiral filament, probably 
 contractile, of the flagellum of the semen- 
 cell. F.-cell, a cell elongated into a fiber. 
 F.s, Collateral, the delicate lateral branches 
 of the nerve-process of a neuron; the 
 paraxons. F., Elastic. See Tissue, Yel- 
 low Elastic. F. of Gerdy, a transverse band 
 of fibers supporting the hand crosswise 
 and forming the web of the fingers. F.s, 
 Involuntary Muscular, straight or slightly 
 bent, elongated, spindle-shaped, nucleated 
 cells, bearing more or less distinct longitu-. 
 dinal striations, which make up involuntary 
 or unstriped muscles . Syn ., N onstriated fibers; 
 Unsiriated fibers; Unstriped fibers. See M us- 
 
FIBRIFORM 
 
 419 
 
 FIBROIDECTOMY 
 
 cular Tissue. F., Muscle-. See Muscle -fiber. 
 F., Nerve-. See Nerve- fiber. F.s, Osteogen- 
 ic. See Sharpens Intercrossing Fibers. F.s of 
 Remak, the nonmedullated nerve-fibers. 
 F.s, Rivet-, protoplasmic processes on the 
 basal surface of the columnar cells of strati- 
 fied squamous epithelium. F.s, Secondary, 
 in a fibrous structure, those of secondary- 
 importance. Syu., Auxiliary fibers. F.s of 
 Sharpey. See under Sharpey. F., Smooth 
 Muscular, a muscular fiber-cell. F.s, 
 Spindle-, achromatic fibrils. F., Spiral, 
 the coiled fiber peculiar to spiral fiber-cells. 
 See under Cell, Spiral Fiber-. F. , Straight, the 
 coiled fiber in a bipolar ganglion-cell. See 
 under Cell, Spiral Fiber-. F., Sweat-, a 
 nervous fibril which on stimulation produces 
 sweating. F.s, Sympathetic, those of the 
 sympathetic nerve. F., T-, a branch given 
 off at right angles to the axis-cylinder of a 
 nerve-cell. F.s of Tome. See Tome, Fibers of. 
 
 Fibriform {fib' -ri-form) [fiber; forma, shape]. 
 Shaped like a fiber. 
 
 Fibril (fi'-bril) [fiber]. A little fiber, particu- 
 larly one of the ultimate fibers of muscle or 
 of fibrous connective tissue. F.s, Achro- 
 matic, fibrils of achromatic, nuclear, or cell- 
 substance forming lines which extend from 
 pole to pole in a dividing nucleus so as to form a 
 spindle- or barrel-shaped figure. F.s, Chro- 
 matic, F.s, Nuclear, the thread-like fibrils 
 consisting of the chromatin in a cell-nucleus. 
 
 Fibrillar (fi'-bril-ar) [fibril]. Pertaining to 
 fibrils. F. Contractions, spontaneous con- 
 tractions successively taking place in different 
 bundles of muscular fibers; they are seen in pro- 
 gressive muscular atrophy and other diseases. 
 
 Fibrillary (fi'-bril-a-re). Same as Fibrillar. 
 
 Fibrillation (fi-bril-a' '-shun) [fiber]. A local- 
 ized quivering of muscular fibers. 
 
 Fibrin (fi'-brin) [fiber]. A proteid formed 
 in shed blood, lymph, in other body- 
 fluids, and in tissues when these coagulate. 
 It exists in the shape of fibrils, granules, 
 plates, or as a homogeneous material. Fibrin 
 forms about 0.2% of the blood. F.-factors, 
 the substances necessary for and concerned 
 in the formation of fibrin. They are fibrino- 
 gen, fibrin-ferment, and certain salts. F.- 
 ferment, a ferment obtained from blood- 
 serum after clotting has occurred. Tt is one 
 of the fibrin-factors, and is probably derived 
 from the leukocytes. F. -globulin, Ham- 
 marsten's name for a globulin-like substance 
 which coagulates at about -|-64 -C., in blood- 
 serum, and in the serum from coagulated 
 fibrinogen solutions. F. of Henle, a light, 
 flocculent precipitate which is separated when 
 semen is diluted with water. F., Vegetable. 
 See Casein, Vegetable. 
 
 Fibrino- (fi-brin-o-) [fibrin]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to fibrin. 
 
 Fibrinogen (ft-brin' '-o-jen) [fibrino-; ysvvav, to 
 produce]. A proteid of the globulin class, ob- 
 tained from blood-plasma and serous trans- 
 udations. It is one of the chief elements in 
 the formation of fibrin, 
 
 Fibrinogenous (fi-brin-o f-en-us) [see Fibrino- 
 gen]. Forming or producing fibrin. 
 
 Fibrinoglobulin (fi - brin -0 - glob'- u - lin) . See 
 Fibrin- globulin. 
 
 Fibrinolysis (fi-brin-oV -is-is) [fibrino-; Xbecv, to 
 loose]. The partial dissolution which takes 
 place in fibrin if allowed to stand in con- 
 tact with the blood from which it was 
 formed. 
 
 Fibrinoplastic (fi-brin-o-plas'-tik)[fibrino-; nXaa- 
 oecv, to form]. Of the nature of fibrinoplastin. 
 
 Fibrinoplastin (fi - brin - o - plas' - tin). See 
 Par a globulin. 
 
 Fibrinous (fi'-brin-us) [fibrin]. Of the nature 
 of or containing fibrin. 
 
 Fibrinuria (fi-brin-u' -re-ah) [fibrin; ovpov, 
 urine]. Chyluria in which the urine coagu- 
 lates spontaneously. 
 
 Fibro- (fi-bro-) [fiber]. A prefix signifying rela- 
 tion to fibers or to fibrous tissue. 
 
 Fibroadenoma (fi-bro-ad-en-o' -mah) . Adeno- 
 ma having fibrous tissue. 
 
 Fibroareolar (fi-bro-ar-e'-o-lar) [fibro-; areola]. 
 Containing fibrous tissue with an areolar 
 arrangement. 
 
 Fibroblast (fi'-bro-blast) [fibro-; ^Xaorog, a 
 germ], A cell that forms new fibrous tissue. 
 
 Fibrocalcareous (fi-bro-kal-ka' -re-us) . Ap- 
 plied to fibrous tumors which have undergone 
 calcareous degeneration. 
 
 Fibrocartilage (fi-bro-kar'-til-aj) [fibro-; carti- 
 lage]. Cartilage with an intermixture of 
 fibrous elements. 
 
 Fibrocellular (fi-bro-sel' -u-lar) [fibro-; cellular]. 
 Both fibrous and cellular; fibroareolar. 
 
 Fibrochondritis (fi-bro-kon-dri' -tis) [fibro-; %ov- 
 dpoc~, cartilage; crcc, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of fibrocartilage. 
 
 Fibroconnective (fi-bro-kon-ek'-tiv) . Having 
 a fibrous structure and the function of con- 
 necting. 
 
 Fibrocyst (fi'-bro-sist) [fibro-; kuouc, a cyst]. 
 A fibroma that has undergone cystic degenera- 
 tion. 
 
 Fibrocystic (fi-bro-sist'-ik). Fibrous and hav- 
 ing undergone cystic degeneration. 
 
 Fibrocystoid (fi-bro-sisf -oid) . Having the 
 structure of a fibrocyst. 
 
 Fibrocystoma (fi-bro-sist-o'-mah). Fibroma 
 combined with cystoma. 
 
 Fibro fatty (fi-bro-fat'-e). Consisting of fibrous 
 tissue and fat-corpuscles. 
 
 Fibroglioma (fi-bro-gli-o'-mah) [fibro-; glioma]. 
 A tumor having the elements of a fibroma and 
 a glioma. 
 
 Fibroid (fi'-broid) [fiber; eldoc, likeness]. 
 Resembling fibers or composed of fibers; 
 also*, a fibroid tumor. F. Heart, a chronic 
 form of myocarditis in which there is 
 a development of fibrous connective tissue 
 in the cardiac muscle. F. Induration. See 
 Induration, Fibroid. F. Phthisis, chronic 
 phthisis in which there is a formation of 
 fibrous tissue. F. Tumor, a fibroma. 
 
 Fibroidectomy (fi-broid-ek' -to-me) [fibroid; 
 inTOfir), excision]. Excision of a uterine 
 fibroid. 
 
FIBROLAMINAR 
 
 420 
 
 FILAMENT 
 
 Fibrolaminar (fi-bro-lam'-in-ar). Relating to 
 a fibrous layer. 
 
 Fibrolipoma (fi-bro-lip-o' -mah) [fibro-; lipoma]. 
 A tumor of fibrous and fatty tissue. 
 
 Fibroma (fi-bro' -mah) [fibro-; b/ia, a tumor]. 
 A benign tumor composed of fibrous tissue. 
 F., Hard, one containing few cells, being 
 chiefly composed of fibers. F. lipomatodes. 
 Same as Xanthoma. F. molluscum. Syn- 
 onym of Molluscum fibrosum. F., Soft, 
 one rich in cells. 
 
 Fibromatosis (fi-bro-mat'-o-sis). See Fibrosis. 
 
 Fibromatous (fi-bro' -mat-us). Relating to a 
 fibroma. 
 
 Fibromucous (fi - bro - mu' - kus) . Consisting 
 partly of mucosa and partly of fibrous tissue. 
 
 Fibromuscular (fi-bro-mus'-hu-lar). Made up 
 of connective tissue and muscle. 
 
 Fibromyoma (fi-bro-mi-o' -man) [fibro-; myoma], 
 A tumor composed of fibrous and muscular 
 tissue. 
 
 Fibromyomotomy (fi -bro -mi -o -mot' ' -o- me) 
 [fibromyoma; zk^vecv, to cut]. The surgical 
 removal of a fibromyoma. 
 
 Fibromyxoma (fi-bro -miks-o' -mah) [fibro-; 
 myxoma]. A tumor composed of fibrous and 
 myxomatous tissue. 
 
 Fibromyxo sarcoma (fi - bro -miks -o - sar-ho'- 
 mah). i. A tumor containing sarcomatous 
 and myxoid tissue. 2. A fasciculated sar- 
 coma which has undergone myxoid degenera- 
 tion. 
 
 Fibroneuroma (fi-bro-nu-ro' -mah) [fibro-; neu- 
 roma]. A tumor composed of fibrous tissue 
 and nerve-fibers. 
 
 Fibronuclear, Fibronucleated (fi-bro-nu'- 
 kle-ar, -nu' -kle-a-ted) . Relating to tissue which 
 shows many nuclei and fibers. 
 
 Fibropericarditis (fi-bro-per-e-kar-di' '-lis) . Fi- 
 brinous pericarditis. 
 
 Fibroplastic (fi-bro-plas'-tik) [fibro-; nlaoaztv, 
 to form]. Tending to form fibers. 
 
 Fibropsammoma (fi-bro-sam-o'-mah). See 
 Psammoma. 
 
 Fibroreticulate (fi-bro-re-tik' '-u-lat) . Consist- 
 ing of a fibrous network or marked with 
 interlacing fibers. 
 
 Fibrosarcoma (fi-bro -sar-ko 1 '-mah) [fibro-; sar- 
 coma]. A sarcoma containing fibrous tissue. 
 F., Mucocellular (of the ovary), a form 
 marked by a layer of large, round, bladdery 
 cells lying between the fibrils of the con- 
 nective tissue. 
 
 Fibrosis (fi-bro' -sis) [fiber]. The development 
 of fibrous tissue. F.,Arteriocapillary, arterio- 
 sclerosis ; a primary and general fibroid degen- 
 eration of the arterioles and capillaries de- 
 veloping about middle life; the caliber of 
 the vessels becomes diminished and they 
 lose their elasticity; there is atrophy of the 
 adjacent tissue, especially in the kidneys, 
 together with cardiac hypertrophy. 
 
 Fibrous (fi'-brus) [fiber]. Containing fibers; 
 of the character of fibrous tissue. 
 
 Fibula (fib'-u-lah) [L., "a buckle"]. 1. The 
 slender bone at the outer part of the leg, 
 articulating above with the tibia and below 
 
 with the astragalus and tibia. Syn., Perone. 
 2. A clasp serving to unite the edges of a 
 wound or the opening of a canal. 
 
 Ficiform (fis'-e-form) [ficus; forma, form]. Fig- 
 shaped. 
 
 Ficus (fi'-kus) [L., "a fig-tree"]. The fig. 
 The ficus of the U. S. P. is the partially dried 
 fruit of F. carica, native of Asia Minor, and 
 cultivated throughout Europe and tropical 
 America. It is laxative and nutritious, and is 
 a constituent of confectio sennae. 
 
 Field (feld) [ME., feeld]. An open space or 
 area. F. of Audition, F., Auditory, the 
 area surrounding the ear, in every portion 
 of which a given sound is audible to the ear. 
 F. of Fixation. See Fixation, Field of. F.s 
 of Innervation, special expansions in which 
 the motor nerves to the voluntary muscles 
 terminate. F., Magnetic, the portion of 
 space about a magnet in which its action is 
 felt. F. of a Microscope, the area that 
 can be seen through a microscope at one 
 time. F. of Vision, the space in which the 
 patient can see when the eye is fixed stead- 
 ily on the object held in the direct line of 
 vision. 
 
 Fieux's Test for Antipyrin. Add 2.5 Gm. 
 of sodium metaphosphate and 12 drops of 
 sulfuric acid to the suspected fluid, filter, 
 and to the clear filtrate add a few drops of 
 sodium nitrate. If antipyrin is present, a 
 clear green color will develop. 
 
 Fifth Nerve. See Trifacial Nerve. F. Ven- 
 tricle. See Ventricle, Fifth. 
 
 Fig. See Ficus. F.-wart, a moist condyloma. 
 
 Figurate (fig' -u-rat) . Having a fixed and 
 definite shape; arranged in a definite shape: 
 said of skin eruptions. 
 
 Figure (fig'-ur) [figura, a form]. The visible 
 form of anything; the outline of an organ 
 or part. F., Achromatic (Spindle), F., 
 Achromatin, a fusiform figure assumed by 
 the achromatic fibrils in a dividing cell. 
 F.s, Adhesion, Rindfleisch's term for the 
 pattern produced in living protoplasm by 
 the adhesion of the two interpenetrating 
 substances, the reticular framework and the 
 intervening matrix. F., Bistellate. See 
 Amphiaster. F., Chromatic (Nuclear), 
 F., Chromatin, one of the figures formed 
 by the chromatic fibrils of the nucleus during 
 karyokinesis. F., Nuclear (Spindle or Divi- 
 sion). 1. Flemming's name for any one of 
 the forms assumed by the nucleus during 
 karyokinesis. 2. Strassburger's name for the 
 spindle stage of karyokinesis. 
 
 Figwort (fig'-wert). The herb Scrophularia 
 nodosa, an alterative, diuretic, and anodyne. 
 It is sometimes used in the form of an oint- 
 ment for piles. Dose of the fiuidextract 
 ^-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Filaceous (fi-la' -she-us) [filum, a thread]. 
 Consisting of threads or thread-like fibers 
 or parts. 
 
 Filament (fiV-a-meni) [filum]. A small, thread- 
 like structure. F., Spermatic, the caudal 
 filament of a spermatozoon. 
 
FILAMENTOUS 
 
 421 
 
 FISSURE 
 
 Filamentous (fil-a-ment' -us) [filament], i. 
 Like a thread, or made up of threads or fila- 
 ments. 2. Capable of being drawn out into 
 filaments, like mucus. 3. Containing a stringy 
 substance, as filamentous urine. 
 
 Filaria (fil-a'-re-ah) [filum, a thread]. A genus 
 of nematode or threadworms, of the. family 
 Filariidce. F. medinensis, an animal para- 
 site, the female of which works its way 
 from the intestinal tract to the subcutaneous 
 tissue, where, after developing its embryos, 
 it is sooner or later set free by abscess-forma- 
 tion and discharge. Syn., Guinea-worm. 
 F. sanguinis-hominis, the female adult 
 worm was discovered by Bancroft of Brisbane; 
 the male by Aranjo, and the embryo by 
 Demarquay and Lewis. The embryos are 
 about 0.35 mm. long, and inhabit the lymph- 
 channels of the lower extremities and the 
 scrotum. They lead to dilation of the 
 lymphatics, to hyperplasia of the tissues, to 
 chyluria, hematuria, abscesses, etc. They 
 are found in the blood at night. Elephantiasis 
 arabum and lymph-scrotum are said to be 
 due to the filaria. 
 
 Filariasis (fil-ar-i'-as-is) [filaria]. A diseased 
 state due to the presence in the body 
 of Filaria. sanguinis-hominis or allied 
 species. 
 
 Filatow's Disease. Acute febrile cervical 
 adenitis of children, probably identical with 
 Pfeiffer's glandular fever. 
 
 Filicic Acid (fil'-is-ik). An acid, C 14 H 16 5 , 
 extracted from Aspidium filix-mas. 
 
 Filicism (fil r -e-sizm) . Poisoning from over- 
 dosage of extract of male-fern. 
 
 Filiform (fil'-i-form) [filum, a thread; forma, 
 form]. Thread-like. F. Bougie. See Bougie, 
 Filiform. F. Papillas, the smallest and most 
 numerous of the papillas of the tongue, 
 occurring over its whole surface. 
 
 Filipowicz's Sign. A yellowish discoloration 
 of the prominent portions of the palmar and 
 plantar surfaces, seen in typhoid fever. Syn., 
 Palmoplantar phenomenon. 
 
 Filipuncture (fil-e-punk' -chur) [filum, a, thread; 
 punctura, a puncture]. A method of treating 
 aneurysm by inserting wire threads, hair, or 
 the like to promote coagulation. 
 
 Filix (fi'-liks) [L.]. A fern. F.-mas, male- 
 fern. See Aspidium. 
 
 Fillet (fil'-et) [Fr., filet, a thread]. 1. A loop 
 for the purpose of making traction on the 
 fetus. 2. The lemniscus, a band of nerve- 
 fibers connected below with the nucleus 
 gracilis and nucleus caudatus of the medulla 
 and running upward through the pons and 
 crus cerebri to the cerebrum, a portion of 
 the fibers (lateral fillet) entering the posterior 
 corpora quadrigemina, another (mesal fillet) 
 passing to the anterior corpora quadrigemina 
 and the optic thalamus. A part of the mesal 
 fillet is continued into the cortex. F. of the 
 Corpus Callosum. See Fascicle, Fornicate. 
 F., Olivary, a fasciculus of nerve-fibers in- 
 closing the olivary body of the medulla. 
 
 Filmogen (fil'-mo-jen). A protective vehicle 
 
 for applying medicaments in skin diseases, 
 consisting of pyroxylin dissolved in acetone 
 with a small quantity of castor-oil. 
 
 Filter (fil'-ter) [filtrum]. An apparatus for 
 straining water or other liquids to remove 
 any undissolved matters. F. -paper, an un- 
 glazed paper used for filtration. F., Pasteur- 
 Chamberland, a hollow column of unglazed 
 porcelain through which solutions are fil- 
 tered by means of a vacuum exhaust or by 
 pressure. 
 
 Filtrate (fil'-trat) [filter]. The liquid that has 
 passed through a filter. 
 
 Filtration (fil-tra' -shun) [filter]. The oper- 
 ation of straining through a filter. 
 
 Filtrum (fil'-trum) [L., "felt"; pi., filtra]. 
 1. Felt. 2. A filter or strainer. Filtra ven- 
 triculi, small vertical channels on the back 
 of the larynx between Morgagni's cartilage 
 and the inner edge of the arytenoid cartilage. 
 They end between the vocal bands at the 
 dorsal end of Morgagni's ventricle. 
 
 Filum terminale (fi'-lum ter-min-a'-le). A 
 long, slender thread of pia mater, the termi- 
 nation of the spinal cord. 
 
 Fimbria (fim'-bre-ah) [L., "a fringe"]. A 
 fringe. F. of Fallopian Tube, the fringe- 
 like process of the outer extremity of the 
 oviduct. 
 
 Fimbriated (fim' -bre-a-ted) [fimbria]. Fringed. 
 
 Fimbriatum (fim-bre-a'-tum) [fimbria]. The 
 corpus fimbriatum. 
 
 Finger (fing'-ger) [ME.]. A digit of the hand. 
 F., Clubbed, a finger the terminal pha- 
 lanx of which is short and broad, with 
 overhanging nail. It is seen in cases of 
 pulmonary tuberculosis, congenital heart dis- 
 ease, etc. F.-cot, a covering of rubber or 
 other material to protect the finger or to pre- 
 vent infection. 
 
 Finsen's Light. See Light, Finsen. F. Light- 
 treatment. See under Phototherapy. 
 
 Fir {fur). See Abies. F., Balsam-. See 
 Abies balsamea. 
 
 Fishberry. See Cocculus indicus. 
 
 Fisher's Brain-murmur. A systolic murmur 
 heard over the anterior fontanel or in the 
 temporal region in rachitic infants. F.'s 
 Sign, a presystolic murmur heard in cases of 
 adherent pericardium without valvular dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Fish-skin Disease. See Ichthyosis. 
 
 Fiske-Bryson's Symptom. See Bryson's 
 Sign. 
 
 Fission (fish'-un) [fissus; findere, to cleave]. 
 Reproduction by splitting into two or more 
 equal parts. 
 
 Fissiparous (fis-ip' -ar-us) [fission; parere, to 
 produce]. Propagating by fission. 
 
 Fissura (fish-u'-rah) [L.]. A fissure. 
 
 Fissure (fish'-ur) [fissura]. A groove or 
 cleft. A term applied to the clefts or 
 grooves in various organs, as the skull, 
 the brain, the liver, the spinal cord; 
 also to cracks in the skin or linear ulcers in 
 mucous membranes. F. of the Anus, a 
 linear ulcer at the mucocutaneous junction 
 
FISTULA 
 
 422 
 
 FLANK 
 
 of the anus, giving rise to intense suffering 
 on defecation. F. of Bichat, the transverse 
 curved fissure passing below the splenium; 
 its extremities correspond to the beginning of 
 the sylvian fissure. It affords passage to the 
 pia, which forms within the hemispheres the 
 tela choroidea and choroid plexus. F. of 
 Broca, one surrounding Broca's lobe. F., 
 Calcarine, one on the mesal aspect of the 
 cerebrum, between the lingual lobule and the 
 cuneate lobe. F., Callosomarginal, one on 
 the surface of the cerebral hemisphere, 
 dividing the area between the corpus callosum 
 and the margin into nearly equal parts. 
 F., Central. See F. of Rolando. 
 F., Collateral, one on the mesal aspect of 
 the cerebrum, between the subcalcarine and 
 subcollateral gyri. It is collocated with the 
 collateral eminence. F. of the Gall-bladder. 
 See Fossa cystica. F., Interlobular, F., 
 Longitudinal, the deep fissure that divides 
 the cerebrum into two hemispheres. F., Oc- 
 cipital, a deep fissure situated between the 
 parietal and occipital lobes of the brain. F., 
 Palpebral, the space between the eyelids ex- 
 tending from the outer to the inner canthus. 
 F., Portal. See F., Transverse. F., Pos- 
 terior Median (of spinal cord)., a deep, narrow 
 groove extending the whole length of the 
 spinal cord, in the middle line posteriorly. 
 F., Precentral, a fissure in front of the fissure 
 of Rolando and parallel to it. F., Presyl- 
 vian, the anterior branch of the fissure of 
 Sylvius. F., Primary (of His), a fold extend- 
 ing along the mesal line of the hemisphere, 
 producing an external groove and an internal 
 ridge. It begins at the olfactory lobe, which 
 it divides into a ventral and a dorsal part, and, 
 continuing backward in a curved direction, 
 joins the hippocampal sulcus. F. of Ro- 
 lando, a fissure on the lateral aspect of the 
 cerebrum, extending downward from near the 
 longitudinal fissure at about its middle point. 
 It separates the frontal from the parietal 
 lobe. F., Sphenomaxillary, one between 
 the lateral margin of the superior maxilla 
 and the orbital plate of the sphenoid bone. 
 F. of Sylvius, a deep fissure of the 
 brain beginning on the outer side of the 
 anterior perforated space, and extending 
 outward to the lateral surface of the hemi- 
 sphere. It has two branches — a short verti- 
 cal and a long horizontal, the latter separating 
 the parietal from the temporosphenoid lobe. 
 Between the branches lies the island of Reil. 
 F., Transverse (of liver), a fissure crossing 
 transversely the lower surface of the right 
 lobe of the liver. It transmits the portal 
 vein, hepatic artery and nerves, and hepatic 
 duct. 
 Fistula (fis'-tu-lah) [L., "a pipe"]. A narrow 
 canal or tube left by the incomplete healing 
 of abscesses or wounds, and usually trans- 
 mitting some fluid — either pus or the secre- 
 tions or contents of some organ or body- 
 cavity. F., Anal, a fistula in the neighbor- 
 hood of the anus, which may or may not 
 
 communicate with the bowel. F. ani con- 
 genita, an anomaly of the anus the derivation 
 of which is attributed to the remains of the 
 posterior part of the blastopore. F., Ano- 
 perineal, an anal fistula opening on the 
 perineum. F., Bimucous, one making a 
 communication between two mucous sur- 
 faces. F., Blind, a fistula open at one end 
 only. F., Blind, External, one the only 
 opening of which is on the exterior of the 
 body. F., Blind, Internal, one which 
 opens only upon an internal surface. F., 
 Branchial, an opening that extends from 
 the surface of the neck to the pharynx; it is 
 an unclosed branchial cleft. F., Cicatricial, 
 one lined with a cicatricial membrane. F., 
 Complete, one having two openings — an 
 internal and an external. F., Cysticocolic, 
 one leading from the gall-bladder to the 
 colon. F., Fecal, a fistula communicating 
 with the intestine. F., Labiform, one 
 characterized by lip-like protrusions at the 
 outer margin. F., Ostial. See F., Labiform. 
 F., Rectovesicovaginal, a double fistula 
 giving rise to communication between the 
 rectum, the vagina, and the urinary bladder. 
 F. sacra, the sylvian aqueduct. F., Sacral, 
 a congenital fistula occurring in the lumbo- 
 sacral region. 
 
 Fistulous (fis'-tu-lus) [fistula]. Of the nature 
 of or affected with a fistula. 
 
 Fit [AS., fitt, a struggle]. A term applied to 
 any sudden paroxysm of a disease, but especi- 
 ally to an epileptic convulsion. 
 
 Fixation (fiks-a'-shun) [fixus, fixed], i. The 
 act of fixing or making firm. 2. The opera- 
 tion of rendering fixed, by means of sutures, 
 a displaced or floating organ. F., Field of, 
 in optics, the region bounded by the utmost 
 limits of distinct or central vision, and which 
 the eye has under its direct control through 
 its excursions, without movements of the 
 head. F. -forceps, those used for fixing or 
 holding a part in position during a surgical 
 operation. 
 
 Fixative (fiks'-a-tiv). 1. Applied to any sub- 
 stance used to fix tissues in the structural 
 condition and shape found in life or for 
 fastening a microscopic section to a slide. 
 2. See Body, Immune. 
 
 Fixing (fiks'-ing). The preparation of tissue 
 for microscopic study by means of some 
 agent that hardens it and preserves the form 
 and arrangement of the cells. 
 
 Flabellum (fla-bel' -urn) [L., "fan"]. A group 
 of divergent fibers in the corpus striatum. 
 
 Flaccid (flak' '-sid) [flaccus, flaccid]. Soft; 
 flabby; relaxed. 
 
 Flag, Sweet-. See Calamus. 
 
 Flagellate (flaj' -el-at) [flagellum]. Furnished 
 with slender, whip-like processes. 
 
 Flagellum (flaj-el'-um) [L., "a whip"]. A 
 whip-like, mobile process; the organ of loco- 
 motion of certain bacteria and infusoria. 
 
 Flajani's Disease. See Goiter, Exophthal- 
 mic. 
 
 Flank (flank) [ME., flank, from L., flaccus, 
 
FLAP 
 
 423 
 
 FLOOR 
 
 soft]. The part of the body between the 
 ribs and the upper border of the ilium. 
 
 Flap [ME.]. A loose and partly detached por- 
 tion of the skin or other soft tissue. F.- 
 amputation, one in which flaps of soft 
 tissues are left to cover over the end of the 
 bone. F., Anaplastic, a skin-flap aiding in 
 the restoration of a neighboring part. F., 
 Autoplastic, one to replace a part that is 
 destroyed. F. -extraction, a method of ex- 
 tracting the crystalline lens so as to make a 
 flap of the cornea. 
 
 Flat [ME.], i. Lying on one plane; having 
 an even surface. 2. Of a percussion -sound, 
 having no resonance. F.-foot, depression 
 of the plantar arch. 
 
 Flatau's Law. See Law, Flatau's. 
 
 Flatness (flal'-nes) [flat]. The sound obtained 
 by percussing over an airless organ or a large 
 effusion. 
 
 Flatulence (flat' '-u-lens) [flatus]. A condition 
 marked by the presence of gas in the stomach 
 and intestinal canal. 
 
 Flatulent (flat' -u-lent) [flatus]. Characterized 
 by flatulence. 
 
 Flatus (fla'-tus) [L.]. Gas, especially gas in 
 the gastrointestinal canal. 
 
 Flavopurpurin (flav-o-pur' -pu-rin) [flavus, 
 yellow; purpura, purple], C u H 8 O s . A pig- 
 ment occurring in golden-yellow, acicular 
 crystals. 
 
 Flax (flaks). See Linum. F.-dresser's 
 Phthisis, a fibroid pneumonia resulting 
 from the inhalation of particles in flax- 
 dressing. 
 
 Flaxseed (flak'-sed). See Linum. 
 
 Flea (fle). See Pulex. 
 
 Fleabane (fle' -ban). See Erigeron. 
 
 Fleam (flem) [(fiXeftorofiov, a lancet; from (f>Xiip, 
 a vein; zepLvecv, to cut]. A phlebotome; a 
 lancet for venesection. 
 
 Flechsig's Column. The direct cerebellar 
 tract of the spinal cord. F.'s Tract, F.'s 
 Oval Field, the septomarginal tract of the 
 spinal cord. 
 
 Fleischl's Reaction for Bile-pigments. Add, 
 by means of a pipet, concentrated sulfuric 
 acid to urine already treated with a concen- 
 trated solution of sodium nitrate. The sul- 
 furic acid sinks to the bottom of the test- 
 tube and produces color-layers, as in Gmelin's 
 test. 
 
 Fleischmann's Bursa. A bursa lying in the 
 sublingual space beneath the lingual frenum. 
 Its existence is disputed. 
 
 Fleming's Tincture. An alcoholic prepara- 
 tion of aconite stronger than the official 
 tincture. Dose 2 min. (0.13 Cc). 
 
 Flemming's Germ-centers. The areas in 
 the adenoid tissue of the spleen and lymph- 
 atic glands in which leukocytes are formed. 
 F.'s Solutiom, a mixture used in histologic 
 study as a fixing agent for tissues. It con- 
 sists of 15 parts of 1% solution of chromi- 
 um trioxid, 4 parts of a 2 % solution of osmic 
 acid, 1 part of glacial acetic acid. 
 
 Flesh [AS., flaesc]. The soft tissues of the 
 
 body, especially the muscles. F., Proud, 
 the soft and exuberant granulations of a 
 wound or ulcer. F. -quotient, Argutinsky's 
 term for the relationship of the carbon to 
 nitrogen in flesh; it is, on an average, 3.24 : 1. 
 
 Flex (fleks) [fleeter e, to bend]. To bend. 
 
 Flexibilitas (fleks-ib-il'-.it-as) [L.]. Flexibility. 
 F. cerea, a condition of the limbs in catalepsy 
 in which they seem as if made of wax. 
 
 Flexible (fleks'-e-M) [flex]. That which may 
 be bent, as a flexible catheter, flexible collo- 
 dion. 
 
 Flexion (flek'-shun) [flex]. The act of bending; 
 the condition of being bent. 
 
 Flexor (fleks'-or) [flex]. A muscle that bends 
 or flexes a limb or a part. See under Mus- 
 cle. 
 
 Flexure (fleks' -ur) [flex]. A bending. F., 
 Caudal, the bend at the lower portion of 
 the embryo. F., Cephalic, the arching over 
 of the cephalic end of the embryo. F., 
 Hepatic (of the colon), an abrupt bend 
 in the ascending colon to the right of the 
 gall-bladder at the under surface of the 
 ■liver. F., Sigmoid. See Sigmoid Flexure. 
 F., Splenic (of the colon), an abrupt turn 
 beneath the lower end of the spleen, con- 
 necting the descending with the transverse 
 colon. 
 
 Flindt-Koplik's Sign. See Koplik's Sign. 
 
 Flint-disease. Synonym of Chalicosis. 
 
 Flint's Arcade. The arteriovenous arch 
 around the base of the renal pyramids. 
 F.'s Murmur, a second systolic murmur 
 heard over the apex in cases of marked 
 dilation of the ventricle from aortic insuf- 
 ficiency. 
 
 Floating (flo'-ting) [AS., fleotan, to float]. 
 Swimming; free to move around. F. Kid- 
 ney, one that is detached from its normal 
 position and abnormally movable. F. Liver, 
 one with abnormal mobility; movable liver. 
 F. Rib. See Rib. Floating. 
 
 Floccitation (flok-sit-a' -shun) . Same as Carph- 
 ology. 
 
 Flocculence (flok' -u-lens) [see Flocculus]. 
 Flakiness; the state of being flocculent. 
 
 Flocculent (flok'-u-lent) [see Flocculus]. Flaky, 
 downy, or woolly; coalescing in flocky 
 masses. 
 
 Flocculus (flok'-u-lus) [dim. of floccus, a flock 
 of wool; pi., flocculi]. 1. A prominent lobe 
 of the cerebellum situated behind and below 
 the middle cerebellar peduncle on each side 
 of the median fissure. 2. A small flock of 
 wool or something resembling it; a tuft, 
 shred, or flake. 
 
 Floegel's Layer. The layer of granules in 
 the transparent lateral disc of a muscle- 
 fibril. 
 
 Flood's Ligament. See Ligament, Flood's. 
 
 Flooding (flud'-ing) [AS., flod, a flood]. A 
 copious bleeding from the uterus. 
 
 Floor (flor) [ME.]. The basal limit of 
 any hollow organ or open space. F.- 
 cells, those found in the floor of Corti's 
 arch. F. of the Pelvis, the united mass of 
 
FLORENCE'S CRYSTALS 
 
 424 
 
 FLUX 
 
 tissue forming the inferior boundary of the 
 pelvis. 
 
 Florence's Crystals. See Crystals, Florence's. 
 F.'s Reaction, on the addition of a strong 
 solution of iodin and potassium iodid to 
 human spermatic fluid brown crystals in the 
 shape of needles or plates are formed. This 
 is not wholly reliable as a test for human 
 spermatic fluid, since the crystals can also 
 be found in the spermatic fluid of animals. 
 
 Flore S {flo'-rez) [pi. of flos, a flower], i. The 
 flowers or blossoms of a plant. 2. A floccu- 
 lent or pulverulent form assumed by certain 
 substances after sublimation, as flores sul- 
 phur is, flowers of sulfur. 
 
 Florida Allspice. See Allspice, Carolina. 
 
 Flour [flos, a flower]. The finer part of the 
 ground grain, especially of wheat. 
 
 Flouren's Doctrine. A theory that the whole 
 of the cerebrum is concerned in every psychic 
 process. 
 
 Flow (flo) [AS., flowan, to flow]. The free 
 discharge of a liquid, as the blood; the 
 menses. 
 
 Flower {flow'-er) . See Flores. 
 
 Flucticuli {fluk-tik' -u-li) [pi. of flucticulus, a 
 wavelet]. Bergmann's name for the fine, 
 wave-like markings on the surface of the 
 lateral wall of the third ventricle, ventrad 
 of the anterior commissure. 
 
 Fluctuation {fluk-tu-a' -shun) [fluctuare, to 
 float or roll]. The wave-like motion pro- 
 duced when a body containing fluid is tapped 
 between the fingers or hands. 
 
 Fluid (flu' -id) [fluere, to flow]. A substance 
 whose molecules move freely upon one 
 another; any liquid secretion of the body. 
 F., Darby's Prophylactic, a solution of 
 potassium hypochlorite. F., Haffkine's 
 Prophylactic, not a serum nor a lymph, 
 but a fluid culture of pest-bacilli, grown for 
 several weeks under conditions most favorable 
 to the development of the toxic properties; 
 it is finally deprived of its infective quality 
 by being heated to a temperature that is 
 fatal to the living bacteria, but which 
 does not alter the specific toxin. F., 
 Labyrinthine, the perilymph. F., Lang's 
 Fixative and Hardening, mercuric chlorid, 
 5 parts; sodium chlorid, 6 parts; acetic 
 acid, 5 parts; water, 100 parts. F., Sub- 
 arachnoid. See Cerebrospinal Fluid. F., 
 Van Gehuchten's Fixative and Harden- 
 ing, consists of glacial acetic acid, 10 
 parts; chloroform, 30 parts; absolute alco- 
 hol, 60 parts. See also, generally, under 
 Stains. 
 
 Fluidextract (flu-id-ek r -strakt). A solution of 
 the solid principles of a vegetable drug, of 
 such strength that 1 Gm. of the drug is fully 
 represented by 1 Cc. of the fluidextract. 
 
 Fluidounce {flu-id-owns'). A liquid measure; 
 eight fluidrams. 
 
 Fluidram (flu-id-ram') . A liquid measure 
 equal to 56.96 grains of distilled water. 
 
 Fluke {fluk) [ME., floke]. Any trematode 
 worm. 
 
 Flumen {flu' -men) [L.; pi., flumena]. 1. A flow. 
 2. A name given by Duret to the principal 
 cerebral fissures. 
 
 Fluor albus {flu' -or al'-bus) [L., "a white 
 flow"]. Leukorrhea. 
 
 Fluorescein {flu-or-es'-e-in), C 20 H 12 O 5 + H 2 O. 
 An anhydrid of resorcinol, prepared by heating 
 phthalic anhydrid with resorcinol to 200 C. 
 It has the property of coloring abrasions 
 of the cornea greenish, and on this account 
 has been used for diagnostic purposes. F.- 
 sodium, a 2 % alkaline solution employed 
 in diagnosing corneal lesions and in the 
 detection of minute foreign bodies in that 
 tissue; it is suggested as a means of deter- 
 mining apparent death by injection of 16 gr. 
 (1.03 Gm.): if circulation remains, the mu- 
 cosas will be stained yellow within a few 
 minutes. Syn., Uranin. 
 
 Fluorescence {flu-or-es' -ens) [fluor {fluor-spar), 
 because first observed in this mineral]. A 
 property possessed by certain substances of 
 converting obscure actinic rays, such as the 
 ultraviolet, into luminous rays. 
 
 Fluorescent {flu-or-es' -ent). Having the pro- 
 perty of fluorescence. F. Screen, a screen 
 covered with substances which become 
 fluorescent on exposure to the roentgen-rays. 
 
 Fluorid {flu'-or-id) [see Fluorin]. A com- 
 pound of fluorin and a base. 
 
 Fluorin {flu' -or-in) [fluor-spar], F= 19; quan- 
 tivalence I. An element belonging to 
 the chlorin group. Its intense chemic affinity 
 has so far rendered its isolation impossible. 
 The salts formed with the alkaline metals, 
 fluorids, have been used in goiter and in 
 rheumatism. See Elements, Table 0} Chemic. 
 
 Fluoroform {flu-or'-o-form) [fluorin; forma, 
 form], CHF 3 . A gas, the fluorin analog of 
 chloroform. F. -water {aqua fluoroformii), 
 a watery solution (2.8%) of fluoroform, used 
 in tuberculosis and lupus. Dose 1 table- 
 spoonful 4 times daily. Syn., Fluoroformol. 
 
 Fluoroformol {flu-or-o-form'-ol). See Fluor o- 
 form-water . 
 
 Fluorol {flu'-or-ol), NaF. Sodium fluorid, an 
 antiseptic. 
 
 Fluorometer {flu-or-om' -et-er) [fluorescence, 
 fifrpov, a measure]. A device for adjusting 
 the shadow in skiagraphy; a localizer in 
 roentgen-ray examination. 
 
 Fluoroscope {flu'-or-os-kop) [fluorescence ; a Kone'cv, 
 to examine]. The instrument for holding 
 the fluorescent screen in roentgen-ray exami- 
 nation. 
 
 Fluoroscopy {flu-or-os' -ko-pe) . The process of 
 examining the tissues by means of a fluores- 
 cent screen. 
 
 Fluorrheumin {flu-or-ru'-min). The com- 
 mercial name of fluorphenetol-difluorodi- 
 phenyl, prepared as an ointment and used 
 in the treatment of rheumatism. Dose 77 gr. 
 (5 Gm.) externally. 
 
 Flux {fluks) [fluxus, flowing]. 1. An excessive 
 flow of any of the excretions of the body, 
 especially the feces. 2. Dysentery. F., 
 Alvine, diarrhea. F., Bloody, dysentery. 
 
FOCAL 
 
 425 
 
 FONTANEL 
 
 Focal (fo'-kal) [focus]. Pertaining to or oc- 
 cupying a focus. F. Depth, the power of 
 a lens to give clear images of objects 
 at different distances from it. F. Disease, 
 F. Lesion, one that is limited to a small 
 area. F. Distance, the distance from the 
 focus to a reflecting or refracting surface, or, 
 in the case of a lens, to the principal point 
 of the lens. F. Epilepsy, epilepsy due to 
 a focal lesion of the brain. Syn., Jacksonian 
 epilepsy. 
 
 Focus (fo'-kus) [L. , "a fireplace" ; pi., foci], i. 
 The principal seat of a disease. 2. The point 
 (called principal focus or real focus) at which 
 rays of light converge that pass through a 
 convex lens or are reflected from a concave 
 mirror. F., Negative, F., Virtual, the 
 point at which divergent rays would meet if 
 prolonged in a backward direction. 
 
 Fceniculum (fen-ik'-u-lum) [L.]. Fennel. The 
 fruit of F. vulgare, the properties of which 
 are due to a volatile oil. It is a mild stimu- 
 lant and aromatic carminative. Fceniculi, 
 Aqua (U. S. P.), 2 parts of the oil of fennel 
 in 1000 of water. Dose \ dr.-i oz. (2-32 Cc). 
 Foeniculi, Oleum (U. S. P.), oil of fennel. 
 Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). 
 
 Foerster's Shifting Type. Variations in the 
 visual field, the limits of which differ according 
 as they are determined by moving the disc 
 from the center outward or from without 
 toward the center; they are seen in traumatic 
 neuroses . 
 
 Foetal (fe'-tal).- See Fetal. 
 
 Foetus (fe'-tus) . See Fetus. 
 
 Fogging Maneuver. In repression treatment 
 of esophoria, the reduction of vision to about 
 go by combining prisms (varying with the 
 muscular imbalance), bases in, with a convex 
 sphere, with which combination glasses the 
 patient reads a half-hour at night before 
 retiring. 
 
 Fold (fold) [ME.]. A plication or doubling of 
 various parts of the body. F., Arytenoepi- 
 glottidean. See under Arytenoepiglottic. F., 
 Costocolic, that which extends from the 
 diaphragm opposite the tenth and eleventh 
 ribs to the splenic flexure of the colon, and 
 forms a shelf-like structure above which 
 lies the spleen. F., Ileocolic, a semilunar fold 
 of the peritoneum which is attached to the 
 anterior layer of the mesentery, the anterior 
 aspect of the ascending colon, and the cecum 
 as far as the vermiform appendix. Syn., 
 Luschka's fold. F., Palpebral, that formed 
 by the reflection of the conjunctiva from 
 the eyelids on to the eye. There are two 
 folds — superior and inferior. F., Pituitary, 
 the two layers of dura inclosing the hypo- 
 physis. 
 
 Folia (fo'-le-ah) [folium, leaf]. Leaves. 
 
 Folian (Folius') Process. The processus 
 gracilis of the malleus. ■ 
 
 Follicle (fol'-ik-l) [folliculus, dim. of follis, a 
 bellows]. 1. A small lymphatic gland, the 
 tissue of which is arranged in the form of a 
 little sac; also a small tubular gland. 2. A 
 
 simple tubular gland. F., Dental, the dental 
 sac and its contents, the developing tooth. 
 F., Graafian, one of the small vesicular 
 bodies in the ovary, each of which contains 
 an ovum. F.s of Lieberkiihn. See Crypts 
 of Lieberkiihn. F.s, Sebaceous, the sebaceous 
 glands of the skin. F.s, Solitary, small 
 discrete lymph-follicles found in the mucous 
 membrane of the intestine. 
 
 Follicular (fol-ik' -u-lar) [jollicle]. Pertaining 
 to a follicle. 
 
 Folliculitis (fol-ik-u-li f -tis) [jollicle; exec, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of a group of follicles. 
 F. barbae. See Sycosis parasitaria. F. de- 
 calvans. See Acne decalvans. 
 
 Folliculoma (fol-ik-u-lo'-mah). A tumor orig- 
 inating in a follicle. F. ovarii malignum, 
 a malignant tumor of a graafian vesicle. 
 
 Folliculose (fol-ik'-u-los) [follicle]. Full of 
 follicles. 
 
 Folliculosis (fol-ik-u-lo'-sis). A disease of 
 the follicles. 
 
 Fomentation (fo-men-ta' -shun) [fomentare, to 
 foment]. 1. The application of heat and 
 moisture to a part to relieve pain or reduce 
 inflammation. It may be made by means 
 of cloths soaked in hot water or medicated 
 solution or by a poultice. 2. The substance 
 applied to a part to convey heat or mois- 
 ture. 
 
 Fomes (fo'-mez) [L., "tinder"; pi., fomites]. 
 Any substance capable of acting as the 
 medium for transmitting contagion. 
 
 Fomites (fo'-mi-tez). Plural of Fomes. 
 
 Fontana's Bands. The wavy arrangement 
 presented by nerve-fibers, which lie along- 
 side one another in loose spirals, in places 
 where considerable mobility. is possible. F.'s 
 Spaces, the minute spaces occupying the 
 angle of the iris and communicating with 
 the aqueous chamber and Schlemm's canal. 
 
 Fontanel, Fontanelle (jon-tan-eV) [Fr., fon- 
 tanelle, a little fountain]. A membranous 
 space between the cranial bones in fetal life 
 and infancy. F., Anterior, that at the point 
 
 Fontanels of Fetal Skull. 
 
 of union of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal 
 sutures. F.s, Lateral, two membranous 
 spaces, one in front between the parietal, 
 frontal, and temporal bones (the anterior 
 lateral or sphenoid fontanel), and one behind 
 between the parietal, occipital, and temporal 
 
FONTICULUS 
 
 426 
 
 FORAMEN 
 
 bones (the posterior lateral, mastoid, or 
 Casser's fontanel). They usually disappear 
 the year after birth. F., Posterior, that at 
 the point of junction of the lambdoid and the 
 sagittal sutures. 
 
 Fonticulus (jon-tik'-u-lus) [dim. of fons, a 
 fountain], i. A fontanel. 2. An issue. 
 
 Food [AS., foda]. Anything which, when 
 taken into the body, is capable of building 
 up tissue, or, by oxidation, of supplying 
 heat. 
 
 Foot [ME.]. 1. The terminal extremity of 
 the leg. It consists of the tarsus, meta- 
 tarsus, and phalanges, or toes. 2. The base 
 of a microscope. 3. A measure of length 
 equal to 12 inches, or 30.479 cm. F.-and- 
 mouth Disease, a febrile affection of sheep, 
 cows, pigs, and horses, rarely of man, mani- 
 festing itself by the appearance of vesicles 
 and bullas in the mouth and on the feet. It 
 is probably due to a special microorganism. 
 F. -clonus. See Ankle-clonus. F.-drop, a 
 falling of the foot due to a paralysis of the 
 flexors of the ankle. F., Fungus-. See 
 Madura-foot. F. -pound, the work equal to 
 that of raising a pound to the height of one 
 foot. F., Tabetic. 1. An extension of the 
 foot in preataxic tabes observed when the 
 patient is lying down. 2. An affection of 
 the foot in the beginning of tabes, marked by 
 numbness and formication, followed by hyper- 
 trophy of the head of the astragalus, scaphoid, 
 cuneiform, and metatarsal bones. 
 
 Forage (for'-aj) [OF., fourage]. Fodder. F.- 
 poisoning, the preferred term for the socalled 
 epizootic cerebrospinal meningitis of horses. 
 It is attributed to a fungus upon the ensi- 
 lage. 
 
 Foramen (for-ah'-men) [for are, to pierce]. A 
 perforation or opening, especially in a bone. 
 F., Auditory, External, one located in the 
 external meatus of the auditory canal; it 
 transmits sound-waves to the tympanic mem- 
 brane. F., Auditory, Internal, one located 
 in the petrous portion of the temporal bone; 
 it transmits the auditory and facial nerves. 
 F., Bichat's, one connecting the subarachnoid 
 space and third ventricle ( ?) ; it transmits 
 the cerebrospinal fluid. F., Botallo's, one sit- 
 uated between the two auricles in the fetal 
 heart. F., Cecal (of Frontal Bone), a 
 small foramen formed by the frontal bone 
 and the crista galli of the ethmoid; it trans- 
 mits a vein occasionally. F., Cecal (of Me- 
 dulla oblongata), one located in a depression 
 at the termination of the anterior median 
 fissure. F., Cecal (of Pharynx), one 
 located in a depression in the mucous mem- 
 brane, in the median line of the posterior 
 wall of the pharynx. F., Cecal (of Tongue), 
 one located in the posterior termination of 
 the median raphe of tongue; a number of 
 small glands open into it. F., Condyloid, 
 Anterior (sometimes double), that anterior to 
 and to the outer side of each occipital condyle, 
 passing downward, outward, and forward 
 through the basilar process; it transmits the 
 
 hypoglossal nerve; occasionally a meningeal 
 branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery. 
 F., Condyloid, Posterior, the fossa behind 
 the occipital condyles; it transmits a vein to 
 the lateral sinus. F., Cotyloid, a notch in 
 the acetabulum converted into a canal by a 
 ligament; transmits vessels and nerves. F., 
 Dental, Inferior, the external aperture of 
 the inferior dental canal, in the ramus of 
 the inferior maxilla; it transmits inferior 
 dental vessels and nerves. F., Esophageal, 
 passage through the diaphragm for the 
 esophagus. F., Ethmoid, Anterior, a canal 
 between the ethmoid and frontal bones, 
 transmitting the nasal branch of the oph- 
 thalmic nerve and anterior ethmoid ves- 
 sels. F., Frontal, the supraorbital notch of 
 the frontal bone when it is converted into a 
 canal by a bony process; it transmits the 
 supraorbital vessels and nerves. F., Galen's, 
 the opening of the anterior cardiac vein in 
 the right auricle. F., Incisor, the aperture of 
 the incisor canal in the alveolar margin; it 
 transmits nerves and vessels to the incisor 
 teeth. F., Infraorbital, in the superior 
 maxilla, the external aperture of the infra- 
 orbital canal; it transmits the infraorbital 
 nerve and artery. F., Interclinoid, Com- 
 mon, a canal formed by an anomalous pro- 
 cess connecting the anterior, middle, and pos- 
 terior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone. 
 F., Intervertebral, Anterior, the aperture 
 formed by the notches opposite to each other 
 in the laminas of adjacent, vertebras; it is 
 a passage for the spinal nerves and vessels. 
 F., Intervertebral, Posterior, the space 
 between the articular processes of adjacent 
 vertebras, except the first cervical. F., 
 Jugular. See F., Lacerated, Posterior. F., 
 Lacerated, Anterior. See F., Lacerated, 
 Middle. F., Lacerated, Middle, an irregular 
 aperture between the apex of the petrous 
 portion of the temporal bone and the body 
 and great wing of the sphenoid, and the 
 basilar process of the occipital bone; it is an 
 opening for the carotid artery and the large 
 superficial petrosal nerve. F., Lacerated, 
 Posterior, the space formed by the jugular 
 notches of the occipital and temporal bones, 
 divided into two portions: the posterior por- 
 tion transmits the internal jugular vein; the 
 anterior portion, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh 
 cranial nerves and the inferior petrosal sinus. 
 F. lacerum. Same as F., Lacerated. F., 
 Magendie's, an orifice in the pia mater of 
 the roof of the fourth ventricle. F. magnum, 
 a large oval -aperture, centrally placed in the 
 lower and anterior part of the occipital bone; 
 it transmits the spinal cord and its membranes; 
 the spinal accessory nerves; the vertebral 
 arteries. F,, Mastoid, a small foramen 
 behind the mastoid process. It transmits 
 a small artery from the dura; a vein opening 
 into the lateral sinus. F., Medullary. See 
 F ., Nutrient. F., Mental, a foramen in 
 the inferior maxilla, external to the incisive 
 fossa, forming a passage for the mental nerve 
 
 
FORAMEN 
 
 427 
 
 FORCED 
 
 and vessels. F. of Monro, an opening 
 behind the anterior pillars of the fornix, 
 through which the lateral ventricle of the 
 brain communicates with the third ventricle; 
 it transmits the choroid plexus. F., Nutrient, 
 the canal conveying the nutrient vessels to 
 the medullary cavity of a bone. F., Ob- 
 turator-, the large ovoid opening between 
 the ischium and the pubis, internal and 
 inferior to the acetabulum; it is partly closed 
 in by a fibrous membrane; it transmits the 
 obturator vessels and nerves. F., Occipital. 
 See F. magnum. F., Olfactory, numerous 
 foramens in the cribriform plate of the eth- 
 moid, transmitting the olfactory nerves. F., 
 Omental, Lesser or Small. See F. of 
 Winslow. F., Optic, the canal at the apex of 
 the orbit, the anterior termination of the optic 
 groove, just beneath the lesser wing of the 
 sphenoid bone; it transmits the optic nerve 
 and ophthalmic artery. F. ovale (of the 
 Heart) , a fetal opening between the two auri- 
 cles of the heart, situated at the lower pos- 
 terior portion of the septum. F. ovale (of the 
 Sphenoid), an ovoid aperture near the pos- 
 terior margin of the great wing of the sphenoid, 
 transmitting the inferior maxillary division 
 of the trigeminal nerve; the small meningeal 
 artery; occasionally, the small petrosal nerve. 
 F., Palatine, Anterior, the orifice of the 
 incisor canal in the anterior part of the roof 
 of the mouth, constituting the opening for 
 the nasopalatine nerve and a branch : of 
 the posterior palatine artery. F., Palatine, 
 Great Posterior, the orifice of the posterior 
 palatine canal upon the posterior part of the 
 hard palate; it transmits the descending 
 palatine artery. F., Parietal, is near the 
 posterior superior angle of the parietal bone; 
 inconstant. It conveys an emissary vein of 
 the superior longitudinal sinus; occasionally 
 a small branch of the occipital artery. F., 
 Pterygopalatine, the external aperture of 
 the pterygopalatine canal, transmitting the 
 pterygopalatine vessels and pharyngeal nerve. 
 F., Quadrate, a passage in the diaphragm 
 for the inferior vena cava. F. rotundum, 
 a round opening in the great wing of the 
 sphenoid bone for the superior division of 
 the fifth nerve. F., Sacral, Anterior (four 
 on each side), on the anterior surface of the 
 sacrum, connecting with the sacral canal, 
 and transmitting the anterior branches of 
 the sacral nerves. F., Sacral, Posterior 
 (four on each side), on the posterior surface 
 of the sacrum, external to the articular pro- 
 cesses, and transmitting the posterior branches 
 of the sacral nerves. F., Sacrosciatic, 
 Great, the oval space between the lesser 
 sacrosciatic ligament and the innominate 
 bone, conveying the pyriformis muscle, the 
 gluteal, sciatic, and pudic vessels and nerves. 
 F., Sacrosciatic, Small, the space included 
 between the greater and lesser sacrosciatic 
 ligaments and the portion of the innominate 
 bone between the spine and tuberosity of 
 the ischium; it transmits the internal ob- 
 
 turator muscle, the internal pudic vessels and 
 nerves. F.s of Scarpa, bony canals opening 
 into the incisor canal, transmitting the naso- 
 palatine nerves. F. of Soemmering, the 
 fovea centralis. F., Sphenopalatine, the 
 space between the sphenoid and orbital 
 processes of the palate bone; it opens into 
 the nasal cavity and transmits branches from 
 Meckel's ganglion and the nasal branch of 
 the internal maxillary artery. F. spinosum, 
 a passage in the great wing of the sphenoid 
 bone, near its posterior angle, for the middle 
 meningeal artery. F.s of Stenson, the 
 lateral pair of the four orifices of the anterior 
 palatine foramen, which transmit the terminal 
 branches of the posterior palatine arteries. F., 
 Stylomastoid, one between the styloid and 
 mastoid processes of the temporal bone; it is 
 the external aperture of the fallopian aque- 
 duct. F., Supraorbital, a notch in the supe- 
 rior orbital margin at the junction of the mid- 
 dle with the inner third, sometimes converted 
 into a foramen by a bony process or a liga- 
 mentous band; it transmits the supraorbital 
 artery, veins, and nerve. F.s of Thebesius, 
 small depressions on the inner surface of the 
 heart, especially in the right auricle; some 
 of these are culdesacs; others are the mouths 
 of the venae minimae cordis. F., Thyroid, 
 i. One in the ala of the thyroid cartilage. 2. 
 See F., Obturator. F.s, Transverse Acces- 
 sory, anomalous foramens in the transverse 
 processes of the cervical vertebras transmit- 
 ting an inconstant accessory vertebral artery. 
 F., Vertebral, the space included between 
 the body and arch of a vertebra, transmitting 
 the spinal cord and its appendages. F.s, 
 Vertebrarterial, foramens in the transverse 
 processes of the cervical vertebras for the 
 vertebral artery and vein. F., Weitbrecht's, 
 one in the capsule of the shoulder-joint, 
 through which the synovial membrane com- 
 municates with the bursa lining the under 
 surface of the tendon of the subscapularis 
 muscle. F. of Winslow, an aperture be- 
 tween the liver and stomach, bounded in front 
 by the portal vein, hepatic artery and duct, 
 behind, by the inferior vena cava, below, by the 
 hepatic artery, and above, by the liver. It is 
 formed by folds of the peritoneum, and estab- 
 lishes communication between the greater and 
 lesser cavities of the peritoneum. 
 
 Foraminulate, Foraminulous, Foraminu- 
 lose (for-am-in'-u-lat, -lus, -Ids). Furnished 
 with very minute openings. 
 
 Force (fors) [fortis, strong]. That which pro- 
 duces or arrests motion. F., Absolute Mus- 
 cular, the maximum capacity of shortening 
 shown by a muscle subjected to maximum 
 stimulus. F., Electromotive, the force pro- 
 ducing an electric current. F., Plastic, the 
 generative force of the body. 
 
 Forced (forst) [fortis, strong]. Accomplished 
 by an exertion of force. F. Feeding. 1. 
 Systematic overfeeding as a therapeutic 
 measure. 2. Feeding performed against the 
 will of the patient. 
 
FORCEPS 
 
 428 
 
 FORMIN 
 
 Forceps (for'-seps) [L., "a pair of tongs"]. 
 An instrument with two blades and handles 
 used for purposes of drawing on or compress- 
 ing an object. F., Bone-, a cutting forceps 
 for use in operations upon bones. F., Duck- 
 bill, forceps furnished with duckbill-shaped 
 beaks used for extraction of roots of teeth. 
 F., Hemostatic, a forceps for controlling 
 hemorrhage. F., Sequestrum, strong 
 forceps with serrated jaws of medium 
 length; used for holding or removing the 
 detached portion of bone forming a seques- 
 trum. 
 
 Forchheimer's Exanthem. A maculopapular 
 rose-red eruption on the soft palate and 
 uvula, regarded by Forchheimer as charac- 
 teristic of rubeola in the absence of any 
 cutaneous eruption. 
 
 Forcipal {] or' -sip -at). Relating to forceps. 
 
 Forcipressure {for' -se- presh - iir) [forceps; 
 pressura, a pressing]. The catching the 
 end of the divided vessel with a pair of 
 spring-forceps, which are left on for some 
 time for the purpose of preventing hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 Fore (for) [AS.]. In front; coming first. 
 F. -brain, the anterior of the encephalic 
 vesicles into which the primary nervous 
 axis of the embryo divides at an early stage; 
 the prosencephalon. F.-gut, the embry- 
 onic tube corresponding to the pharynx, 
 esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. 
 
 Forearm (for' -arm). That part of the arm 
 between the wrist and the elbow. 
 
 Forefinger (for'-fing-er). The index-finger. 
 
 Foregilding (for' -gild-ing) . A term designating 
 the histologic process of treating perfectly 
 fresh nerve tissues with salts. Cf. After- 
 gilding. 
 
 Forehead (for'-ed). That part of the face 
 above the orbits. 
 
 Forel's Decussation. See Decussation, Forel's. 
 
 Forensic (for-en'-sik) [forensis, belonging to 
 the forum]. Pertaining to a court of law. 
 In medicine, that part of the science con- 
 nected with judicial inquiry. 
 
 Foreskin (for' -skin). The prepuce. 
 
 Formacoll (for'-mak-ol). See Formaldehyd- 
 gelatin. 
 
 Forrnad's Kidneys. The elongated and en- 
 larged kidneys of chronic alcoholism. 
 
 Formagen (f or' -ma j -en). A proprietary dental 
 cement. 
 
 Formal (for'-mal). See Methylal. 
 
 Formalbumin (for-mal'-bu-min). See For- 
 maldehyd-casein . 
 
 Formaldehyd (for - mal' -de- hid) . Formic 
 aldehyd (q. v.). F. Acetate, C 5 H 8 4 , an anti- 
 septic. F. Bisulfite, H . COH . Na 2 S ? 5 , 
 an antiseptic. F. -casein, a condensation- 
 product of casein and formaldehyd; it 
 is an inodorous surgical antiseptic. Syn., 
 Formalbumin. F.-cotoin, used in tuber- 
 culous diarrhea and in chronic catarrh of 
 the bowels. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.). 
 Syn., Fortoin; Methylenedicotoin. F.-gela- 
 tin, a combination of 2% of formaldehyd 
 
 added to a warm aqueous solution of gelatin; 
 the resultant mass is powdered and used as 
 a surgical dressing. Syn., Formacoll; Glutol. 
 F., Para-, (CH 2 0) 3 , obtained from formal- 
 dehyd by heat; antiseptic and astringent; used 
 internally in cholera nostras and as a surgical 
 dressing. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.52-0.97 Gm.) 
 several times daily. Syn., Polymerized for- 
 maldehyd; Tri formal. F. Phenolsulfonic 
 Acid, 2 (CH 2 OH) . C 6 H 3 . OH; a wound anti- 
 septic. F., Solution of (liquor for maldehydi, 
 U. S. P.), an aqueous solution containing 
 not less than 37% by weight of absolute 
 formaldehyd. It is a powerful antiseptic. 
 By means of heat it may be converted into a 
 gas, which is widely used for the disinfection 
 of rooms and dwellings previously exposed 
 to contagion. F., Test for, phenylhy- 
 drazin has been proposed by Vitali as a test 
 for formaldehyd. A mixture of the two gives 
 rise to a milky discoloration; eventually a 
 yellowish deposit is precipitated upon the sides 
 of the test-tube. In concentrated solutions 
 the turbidity appears immediately. In solu- 
 tions of a strength of 1 : 100 the reaction 
 occurs after a few seconds; in those of 
 1 : 1000, in 1 minute; in those of 1 : 10,000, 
 in 5 minutes; in those of 1 : 100,000, in 2 to 
 3 hours. See also Kentmann. 
 
 Formalin (for 1 -mal-in) [formica, an ant]. A 
 proprietary substance composed of a 40% 
 solution of formaldehyd. It is used as an 
 antiseptic and as a fixing-agent in histologic 
 studies. 
 
 Formalith (for' -mal-ith) . The proprietary 
 name for diatomaceous earth saturated with 
 a solution of formaldehyd. 
 
 Formalose (for' -mal-os) . A 40% solution of 
 formaldehyd. 
 
 Formamid (for' -mam-id), CH 3 NO. One of 
 the amids. 
 
 Forman (for' -man). See Ether, Chlormethyl- 
 menthyl-. 
 
 Formate (for' -mat). A salt of formic acid. 
 
 Formatio (for-ma'-she-o) [L.]. A formation. 
 F. reticularis, the intercrossing of the fibers 
 of the anterior columns in the medulla. 
 
 Formation (for -ma' -shun) [formatio]. A thing 
 formed or the process by which it is formed. 
 
 Formative (for' -ma-tiv) [formatio]. Concerned 
 in the formation of tissue. 
 
 Formatol (for'-mat-ol) . A dusting-powder con- 
 taining formaldehyd. 
 
 Formes frustes (form frist) [Fr.]. Incomplete 
 forms of Graves' disease. 
 
 Formic, Formicic (for' - mik, for - mis' - ik) 
 [formica, an ant]. Relating to or derived from 
 ants, or pertaining to formic acid. F. Acid. 
 See Acid, Formic. 
 
 Formication (for-mik-a' -shun) [see Formic]. 
 A sensation like that produced by ants or 
 other insects crawling upon the skin. 
 
 Formin (for'-min), C 6 H 12 N 4 . A condensation- 
 product of formaldehyd and ammonia; it 
 is a uric-acid solvent, diuretic, and vesical 
 antiseptic. Dose 15-24 gr. (1. 0-1.5 Gm.) 
 in the morning in aqueous solution. Syn., 
 
FORMOCHLOR 
 
 429 
 
 FOSSA 
 
 Hexamethylenetetramin; Urotropin. F. Sali- 
 cylate. See Saliformin. 
 
 Formochlor {form' '-o-klor) . A solution of 
 formaldehyd and calcium chlorid. It is used 
 as a disinfectant by spraying or vaporizing. 
 
 Formoforin, Formoform (form -o- for' -in, 
 form'-o-form). A dusting-powder for per- 
 spiring feet; said to consist of formaldehyd, 
 0.13%; thymol, 0.1%; zinc oxid, 34.44%; 
 and starch, 65.27%. If the formaldehyd is 
 omitted, it may be used on purulent sores. 
 
 Formol (form'-ol). See Formalin. 
 
 Formomethylal (form-o-meth'-il-al), C 3 H g O. 
 An ethereal oil obtained from the distillation 
 of a mixture of methyl-alcohol, sulfuric acid, 
 and manganese peroxid. It is anesthetic. 
 
 Formonitril (form-o-ni' -tril). Hydrocyanic 
 acid. 
 
 Formopyrin (form-o-pi'-rin). A combination 
 of antipyrin with formaldehyd. 
 
 Formula (form'-u-lah) [dim. of forma, a form]. 
 1. A prescribed method. 2. The representa- 
 tion of a chemic compound by symbols. F., 
 Constitutional, one that indicates by means 
 of symbols the exact proportion by weight 
 in which the elements enter into a compound. 
 Syn., Rational formula. F., Dental, one 
 snowing the number and arrangement of 
 teeth. F., Empiric, one that indicates only 
 the constituents and their proportions in a 
 molecule, as HNO a , nitric acid. F., Glyptic, 
 a chemic formula designed to illustrate the 
 arrangement and connection of the atoms of 
 a molecule. F., Graphic. See F., Struc- 
 tural. F., Official, one given in an official 
 publication. F., Officinal, a pharmaceutic 
 formula which, though not official, is com- 
 monly followed by pharmacists. F., Ra- 
 tional. See F., Constitutional. F., Struc- 
 tural, one in which the symbols are united 
 by the bonds of affinity according to their 
 quantivalence, as H-O-H. F., Vertebral, 
 one used to indicate the number and arrange- 
 ment of the vertebras. 
 
 Formulary (form'-u-la-re) [formula']. A collec- 
 tion of formulas or recipes. F., National, a 
 collection of widely used and well-known pre- 
 parations, omitted from the United States 
 Pharmacopeia, but collected and published 
 by the American Pharmaceutic Association. 
 
 Formyl (for'-mil) [formic acid; bXrj, matter]. 
 1. CHO. The radicle of formic acid. Syn., 
 Formoxyl. 2. The trivalent radicle, CH"". 
 Syn., Formylene. F.-amid. See Formamid. 
 F. Bromid, bromoform. F. Chlorid, F. 
 Perchlorid, chloroform. F. Iodid, iodoform. 
 F.-phenetidin, C 9 H n N0 2 , a substance ob- 
 tained from phenetidin hydrochlorate by 
 action of formic acid with anhydrous sodium 
 formate; it is antiseptic. F. Sulfid, sulfo- 
 form. F. Tribromid, bromoform. F. Tri- 
 chlorid, chloroform. F. Triiodid, iodoform. 
 
 Fornical (for'-nik-al). Relating to the fornix. 
 
 Fornicate (for'-nik-dt) [fornix]. Arched. F. 
 Gyrus. See Convolution, Fornicate. 
 
 Fornix (for r -niks) [L., "an arch"]. 1. A trian- 
 gular body of white matter beneath the corpus 
 
 callosum. From the apex, situated anteriorly, 
 the anterior pillars arise and descend to form 
 the corpora mamillaria. From the extremi- 
 ties of the base the posterior pillars descend 
 into the lateral ventricles. The fornix serves 
 as an anteroposterior commissure between 
 the optic thalamus and the hippocampus 
 major and the uncinate gyrus. 2. An 
 arched body or surface; a concavity or cul- 
 desac. F., Cerebral. See Fornix (1). F. 
 conjunctivae, the culdesac at the point where 
 the bulbar conjunctiva is reflected upon the 
 lid. F. vaginae, the vault of the vagina, 
 the upper part of the vagina, forming when 
 the passage is distended a V _ hke structure 
 surrounding the cervix uteri. 
 
 Fortification-spectra (for-tif-ik-a-shun-spek'- 
 trah). Scotoma scintillans (q. v.). 
 
 Fortoin (for'-to-in). See Formaldehyd-cotoin. 
 
 Fossa (fos'-ah) [L., "a ditch"]. A depression 
 or pit. F., Acetabular, a depression in the 
 center of the acetabulum. F., Amygdaloid. 
 See Amygdaloid Fossa. F., Anconeal. See 
 F ., Olecranoid. F., Broesike's. See Broes- 
 ike's Fossa. F. caecalis, a fold of peritoneum 
 forming a pouch upon the surface of the 
 right iliopsoas muscle, and extending to the 
 apex of the cecum. F., Canine, a de- 
 pression on the external surface of the supe- 
 rior maxilla, above and to the outer side of 
 the socket of the canine tooth. F.s, Cere- 
 bellar, two shallow, concave recesses on the 
 lower part of the inner surface of the occipital 
 plate for the reception of the hemispheres of 
 the cerebellum. Syn., Inferior occipital fossas. 
 F.s, Cerebral, two shallow,, concave recesses 
 on the upper part of the internal surface of 
 the occipital plate for the reception of the 
 hemispheres of the cerebrum. Syn., Superior 
 occipital fossas. F., Claudius'. See Clau- 
 dius' Fossa. F., Coronoid, a depression in 
 the humerus into which the apex of the 
 coronoid process of the ulna fits in extreme 
 flexion of the forearm. F.s, Costal, the 
 facets on the bodies of the vertebras where 
 articulation occurs with the heads of the ribs. 
 F.s, Costotransverse, depressions (usually 
 three) on each side, upon the dorsal aspect of 
 the three upper segments of the sacrum. F., 
 Cranial, any of the three depressions in the 
 base of the skull for the reception of the lobes 
 of the brain. See F.s, Mesocranial; F.s, Post- 
 cranial; F.s, Precranial. F. cystica, F. 
 cystidis felleae, a depression on the lower 
 surface of the right lobe of the liver, which 
 holds the gall-bladder. F., Digastric, a deep 
 groove on the inner aspect of the mastoid 
 process. F., Digital, a depression at the base 
 of the inner surface of the great trochanter of 
 the femur. F., Epigastric. See Infraster- 
 nal Depression. F., Glenoid,, the fossa in the 
 temporal bone that receives the condyle of the 
 lower jaw. F., Hartmann's. See Hart- 
 mann's Fossa. F. hemielliptica. See Fo- 
 vea hemielliptica. F. hemisphaerica. See 
 Fovea hemisphcerica. F., Hyaloid, a de- 
 pression in the anterior surface of the vitreous 
 
FOSSA 
 
 430 
 
 FOSSA 
 
 body for the crystalline lens. F. hypophy- 
 seos. See F., Pituitary. F. ileocaecalis 
 anterior, an inconstant pouch of the peri- 
 toneum upon the upper border of the ileocecal 
 valve; open above and on the left side. Syn., 
 Fossa ileoccBcalis superior. F. ileocaecalis 
 infima. See Harimann's Fossa. F., Ileo- 
 colic. See Luschka's Fossa. F., Iliac, 
 External, the outer surface of the ilium. F., 
 Iliac, Internal, the smooth internal surface 
 of the ilium. F. iliopectinea, Scarpa's 
 triangle. F., Infraclavicular. See Moh- 
 renheim's Fossa. F., Infraspinous, the 
 recess on the posterior surface of the scapula 
 occupied by the infraspinous muscle. F., 
 Infrasternal. See I n}r asternal Depression. 
 F., Ischiorectal, the depression on either 
 side of the anus, bounded on the outer side 
 by the tuberosity of the ischium. F., Lacri- 
 mal, the depression in the orbital plate of the 
 frontal bone for the reception of the lacri- 
 mal gland. F., Landzert's. See Landzert's 
 Fossa. F., Luschka's. See Luschka's Fossa. 
 F. mandibularis, the glenoid fossa. F., 
 Mastoid, the groove extending along the 
 inner surface of the mastoid portion of the 
 temporal bone, and forming part of the 
 lateral sinus. F.s, Mental, Fossae 
 mentalis, shallow depressions, on each side 
 of the mental protuberance of the mandible. 
 F.s, Mesocranial, F.s, Middle, of the 
 Skull, one of the three pairs (right and left) of 
 fossas into which the interior base of the 
 cranium is divided; they are deeply concave 
 on a much lower level than the precranial 
 fossas, and lodge the sphenotemporal lobes 
 of the cerebrum. Cf. F.s, Poster anial; F.s, 
 Precranial. F., Mohrenheim's. See Moh- 
 renheim's Fossa. F. navicularis. i. The di- 
 lated portion of the urethra in the glans penis. 
 2. In the vulva, the depression between the 
 posterior commissure and the fourchet. 3. 
 See F., Scaphoid (1 and 2). F., Olecranon!, 
 one at the dorsal side of the distal end of 
 the humerus, for the reception of the ole- 
 cranon. F. ovalis, an oval depression in 
 the right auricle of the heart. F., Ovarian. 
 See Claudius' Fossa. F., Paracecal, F. 
 paracaecalis, an infrequent peritoneal pouch 
 behind and to one side of the cecum. F., 
 Paraduodenal. See Landzert's Fossa. F., 
 Parajejunal. See Broesike's Fossa. F., 
 Patellar. See F., Hyaloid. F. phrenico- 
 hepatica, a pouch of the peritoneum between 
 the left lateral ligament of the liver and the 
 extremity of the left lobe. F., Pituitary, 
 a depression in the sphenoid bone lodging 
 the pituitary body. F.s, Postcranial, the 
 lowest in position of the three pairs (right and 
 left) of the cranial fossas; they lodge the 
 cerebellum, p*>ns, and oblongata. Each 
 fossa is formed by the posterior surface of 
 the pyramid and inner surface of the mastoid 
 portion of the temporal bone and the inner 
 surface of the occipital bone below the hori- 
 zontal limb of the occipital cross. F.s, 
 Precranial, the most elevated in position of the 
 
 three pairs (right and left) of fossas into which 
 the internal base of the skull is divided. They 
 lodge the frontal lobes of the brain and are 
 formed by the orbital plates of the frontal 
 bones, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid 
 bone, and the small wings of the sphenoid 
 bone. Cf. F.s, Mesocranial; F.s, Postcranial. 
 F., Radial, F. radialis, the depression on 
 the humerus above the capitellum which 
 accommodates the head of the radius in 
 extreme flexion of the forearm. F., Rec- 
 touterine, Douglas' culdesac. F., Rosen- 
 m tiller's. See Rosenmuller's Fossa. F., 
 Scaphoid, F. scaphoidea. 1. A depression in 
 the base of the internal pterygoid plate of the 
 sphenoid bone. 2. A depression between the 
 helix and antihelix of the auricle. Syn., Fossa 
 navicularis; Fossa tensoris palati. F. subar- 
 cuata, F., Subarcuate, an orifice situated 
 in the newborn on the superior margin of 
 the petrosa, through which the vessels pass 
 to the temporal bone. This opening disap- 
 pears after birth and is represented in the 
 adult by a depression beneath the arcuate 
 eminence. F. subauricularis, the depression 
 just below the external ear. F., Subclavic- 
 ular. See Mohrenheim's Fossa. F., Sub- 
 inguinal. See Scarpa's Triangle. F., Sub- 
 lingual, a depression on the internal surface 
 of the inferior maxillary bone for containing 
 the sublingual gland. F., Submaxillary, 
 the oblong depression on the internal surface 
 of the inferior maxillary bone, containing 
 the submaxillary gland. F., Suborbital. 
 See F., Canine. F., Sulciform, a shallow 
 furrow in the inner fore part of the cavity 
 of the vestibule of the ear, behind the fovea 
 hemielliptica and the fovea hemisphaerica, 
 and into which the vestibular aqueduct opens. . 
 F., Supraclavicular, F. supraclavicularis 
 major, a depression above the clavicle within 
 which lie the axillary blood-vessels and nerves 
 as they emerge from the chest into the armpit. 
 F. supraclavicularis minor, the area be- 
 tween the sternal and clavicular origins of 
 the sternomastoid muscle. F., Suprascapu- 
 lar, F., Supraspinous. See Supraspinous 
 Fossa. F., Suprasternal, F. supraster- 
 nal, the area between the ventral borders 
 of the sternomastoid muscle, the interscapular 
 ligament, the lower border of the mandible, 
 and lines extended between the angles of the 
 jaw and the mastoid process of the temporal 
 bones. F., Supratonsillar, the embryonic 
 space above the tonsil covered by a triangular 
 extension of membrane from the anterior 
 pillar; it sometimes persists to adult life. 
 Syn., Palatal recess. F., Temporal, the 
 depression which holds the temporal muscle. 
 F. tonsillaris. See Amygdaloid Fossa. F., 
 Trochlear, a hollow in the frontal bone, 
 below the internal angular process, fur- 
 nishing attachment to the pulley of the su- 
 perior oblique muscle. F., Urachal, the 
 prevesical space. F., Zygomatic, a cav- 
 ity below and on the inner side of the 
 zygoma, 
 
FOSSET 
 
 431 
 
 FRENULUM 
 
 Fosset, Fossette {fos-et') [Fr.]. i. A dimple; 
 a small depression. 2. A small deep ulcer 
 of the cornea. 
 
 Fossula {fos-u'-lah) [dim. of fossa, a ditch], 
 A small fossa; any one of the numerous slight 
 depressions on the surface of the cerebrum. 
 
 Fothergill's Disease. Neuralgia of the trigem- 
 inus. F.'s Sore Throat, the ulcerative angina 
 of severe scarlatina (scarlatina anginosa). 
 
 Foudroyant (foo-droi-on(t) ) [Fr.]. Sudden and 
 overwhelming; fulminant; fulgurant. 
 
 Fourchet, Fourchette (foor-shet') [dim. of 
 fourche, a fork]. 1. A fold of mucous mem- 
 brane just inside the posterior commissure 
 of the vulva. 2. A forked instrument used 
 in division of the frenum linguae. 
 
 Fourth Cranial Nerve. The pathetic nerve, 
 supplying the superior oblique muscle. 
 
 Fovea (fo-ve'-ah) [L., "a small pit"]. A small 
 depression or pit. Applied to many depres- 
 sions in the body, but more particularly to 
 the fovea centralis retina, a small pit in the 
 macula lutea, opposite the visual axis; the 
 spot of most distinct vision. F. centralis 
 retinae. See Fovea. F. hemielliptica, a, 
 small depression on the inner wall of the 
 labyrinth. It is perforated for the passage 
 of filaments of the auditory nerve. F. 
 hemisphaerica, a depression in the roof of 
 the labyrinth. 
 
 Foveate {fo'-ve-at) [fovea]. Pitted. 
 
 Foveau-Trouve Apparatus. A parabolic 
 mirror with an incandescent or arc lamp in 
 the focus; the former is joined to a concen- 
 trating cone which terminates in two quartz 
 plates with a chamber between them; cold 
 water circulates through this chamber and 
 through the whole apparatus, absorbing the 
 heat -rays. The quartz plate is pressed di- 
 rectly upon the part to be treated. 
 
 Foveolate (fo-ve'-o-lat). Marked with slight 
 depressions, dimples, or pits. 
 
 Foville's Tract. The direct cerebellar tract 
 of the spinal cord. 
 
 Fowler's Solution. A solution containing 
 arsenic trioxid, potassium bicarbonate, and 
 tincture of lavender. See under Arsenic. 
 
 Foxglove {foks'-gluv). See Digitalis . 
 
 Fractional (frak' '-shun-al) [fractio, a breaking]. 
 Divided. F. Cultivation, the isolation of 
 microorganisms from one another by diluting 
 the mixture containing them to such a degree 
 that a given quantity contains but few or- 
 ganisms. F. Distillation. See Distillation, 
 Fractional. F. Sterilization, intermittent 
 sterilization. 
 
 Fracture {frak'-tur) [frangere, to break]. A 
 breaking, especially of a bone. For Signs 
 and Tests of, see Allis, Cleemann, Hueter, 
 Keen, Morris. See also Aran's Law, Tee- 
 van's Law. F.-bed, a bed designed for 
 patients having fractures. It usually has a 
 hole in the center to transmit the discharges. 
 F.-box, a long box, without ends or cover, 
 used in the immobilization of fractured 
 legs. F., Buttonhole-, one in which a 
 missile has perforated the bone. F., Capil- 
 
 lary, one consisting of only a fine crack or fis- 
 sure. F., Colles'. See Colles' Fracture. F., 
 Comminuted, one in which the bone is splin- 
 tered. F., Complete, one in which the bone 
 is entirely broken through. F., Complicated, 
 one associated with injury of adjacent parts. 
 F., Compound, one in which the point of 
 fracture is in communication with the external 
 air through a wound of the overlying parts. 
 F. by Contrecoup, a fracture of the skull 
 caused by transmitted violence, and occurring 
 at a distance from the point struck, usually 
 opposite. F., Dentate, one in which the 
 ends of the fragments are so toothed and 
 
 Comminuted Fracture of Clavicle. — (Moullin.) 
 
 interlocked as to prevent displacement. F., 
 Depressed, one in which the fractured part 
 is depressed below the normal level, as in 
 fracture of the skull. F., Double, the ex- 
 istence of two fractures in the same bone. 
 F., Formed, a fracture suggesting the instru- 
 ment which caused it. F., Greenstick, one 
 in which one side of the bone is broken, the 
 other bent. F., Helicoid, a spiral fracture 
 from twisting of the long bones. Syn., Spiral 
 fracture. F., Impacted, one in which one 
 fragment is driven into the other so as to be 
 held fast. F., Pott's, fracture of the fibula 
 about three inches above the ankle-joint, usu- 
 ally with a splitting-off of the tip of the inner 
 
 Greenstick Fracture of the Radius. — {Moullin.) 
 
 malleolus, and at times rupture of the internal 
 lateral ligament, with outward displacement 
 of the foot. F., Simple, one in which the 
 overlying integument is intact. F., Smith's, 
 fracture of the lower end of the radius, from 
 a quarter of an inch to an inch from the 
 articular surface. F., Spiral. See F., 
 Helicoid. F., Spontaneous, one due to a 
 slight force, as when there is disease of the 
 bone. F., Starred, F., Stellate, one in 
 which there are fissures radiating from one 
 point. F., Ununited, one in which bony 
 union has failed to occur. F., Willow-, a 
 greenstick fracture. 
 
 Fraenkel's Glands. See Glands, Fraenkel's. F.'s 
 Leukemia, acute leukemia with large mono- 
 nuclear lymphocytes. F.'s Sign, diminished 
 tone (hypotonic) of the muscles of the lower 
 extremities in tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Frasnulum {fren r -u-lum) . See Frenulum, 
 
FRENUM 
 
 432 
 
 FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA 
 
 Fraenum (fre'-num). See Frenum. 
 
 Fragiform (fraf '-e-form) \jraga, strawberries; 
 forma, form]. Strawberry-shaped. 
 
 Fragilitas (fraj-il'-it-as) [L.]. Brittleness. F. 
 crinium, an atrophic condition of the hair 
 in which the individual hairs split into num- 
 erous fibrils. F. ossium, abnormal brittle- 
 ness of the bones. 
 
 Fragmentation (frag-men-ta' -shun) [f ragmen- 
 turn, a piece]. The breaking up into frag- 
 ments. 
 
 Frambesia (fram-be' -ze-ah) [framboise, rasp- 
 berry]. A tropical contagious disease of the 
 skin, of long duration, characterized by dirty 
 or bright-red, raspberry-like tubercles, appear- 
 ing usually on the face, toes, and genital or- 
 gans. It is most frequent in young negroes. 
 Syn., Plan; Yaws. 
 
 Frangula (fran'-gu-lah) [L.]. The bark of 
 Rhamnus frangula, or alder-buckthorn. The 
 young bark is very irritant; bark at least a 
 year old is laxative, resembling rhubarb in 
 action. F., Fluidextract of (fluidextractum 
 frangula, U. S. P.). Dose 10-20 minj 
 (0.65-1.3 Cc). 
 
 Frangulin (fran'-gu-lin), C^H^O^. A purga- 
 tive glucosid from frangula. Dose 1^-3 gr. 
 (0.097-0.19 Gm.). 
 
 Frankenhaeuser's Ganglion. The ganglion 
 cervicale, a cluster of small ganglions at the 
 side of the neck of the uterus. 
 
 Frankincense (frangk' -in-sens) [francum in- 
 censum, pure incense]. An aromatic gum- 
 resin. See Olibanum. F., Common, a con- 
 crete turpentine obtained from Pinus palustris 
 and other species of Pinus. 
 
 Franklin Plate. See Plate, Franklin. F. Spec- 
 tacles [named after B. Franklin, their in- 
 ventor], spectacles with each eyeglass divided 
 horizontally into an upper lens, suited for 
 far vision, and a lower, for close work. 
 
 Franklinic Electricity. Static or frictional 
 electricity. F. Reaction of Degeneration, 
 a rare form of reaction of degeneration pro- 
 duced by static electricity and similar to that 
 obtained by the faradic current. F. Taste, 
 an acid taste perceived on applying the positive 
 pole of the electrode of the static machine at 
 a minimum distance of 1 or 2 mm. 
 
 Franklinization {frangk - lin - i - za' - shun) . 
 Treatment by static or frictional electricity. 
 
 Frasera (fra'-ze-rah). The root of American 
 calumba; it is a mild tonic and simple bitter. 
 Dose in powder 1 dr. (4 Gm.). 
 
 Fraunhofer's Lines. Black lines in the solar 
 spectrum. See Absorption Lines. 
 
 Fraxinus (fraks-in' -us) . See Manna. 
 
 Freckles (frek'-lz). See Lentigo. 
 
 Freezing (fre'-zing). The process of hardening 
 or congealing with cold. F. -microtome, a 
 microtome provided with a contrivance for 
 freezing artificially the tissue to be cut. F.- 
 mixture, a mixture of salt and snow or ice, 
 which absorbs a great deal of heat in under- 
 going solution. F. -point, the temperature 
 at which a liquid freezes. 
 
 Fremitus (frem'-it-us) [L., "a murmur"]. A 
 
 vibration. F., Friction-, the vibrations pro- 
 duced by the rubbing together of two dry 
 surfaces, and felt by the hand. F., Hepatic, 
 F., Hydatid. See Hydatid Fremitus. F., 
 Rhonchal, vibrations produced by the pas- 
 sage of air through a large bronchial tube 
 containing mucus. F., Tactile, the vibra- 
 tory sensation conveyed to the hand applied 
 to the chest of a person speaking. F., Vocal, 
 the sounds of the voice transmitted to the 
 ear applied to the chest of a person speaking. 
 
 Frenal {fre'-nal). Relating to the frenum. 
 
 Frenator (fre-na' '-tor) [frenare, to curb]. 1. 
 Anything that inhibits, curbs, or checks. 2. 
 Dupre's name for any one of the muscles 
 which move the head on the atTas and axis. 
 
 Frenulum {fren' -u-lum) [dim. of frenum, a 
 bridle]. A small frenum; a slight ridge on 
 the upper part of the valve of Vieussens. F. 
 pudendi, the fourchet. 
 
 Frenum (fre'-num) [L., "a bridle"]. A fold of 
 integument or mucous membrane that checks 
 or limits the movements of any organ. F. 
 linguae, the vertical fold of mucous membrane 
 under the tongue. F. praeputii, F. of Penis, 
 * the fold on the lower surface of the glans penis 
 connecting it with the prepuce. 
 
 Frenzy (fren'-ze) [(f>prjv, mind]. Violent mania. 
 
 Fret [ME., freten, to eat up]. An abrasion; a 
 chafing; herpes. 
 
 Fretum (fre'-tum) [L., "a strait"]. 1. A con- 
 striction. 2. A strait; a channel. 
 
 Freund's Law. In the progress of their growth 
 ovarian tumors undergo changes of position: 
 (1) While pelvic, they show a tendency to 
 grow downward behind the uterus; (2) 
 when they have risen out of the pelvis, they 
 tend to fall forward toward the abdominal wall. 
 
 Friable (fri'-ab-l) [friare, to break into pieces]. 
 Easily broken or crumbled. 
 
 Friars' Balsam (fri'-arz bawl'-sam). The com- 
 pound tincture of benzoin. 
 
 Friction (frik'-shun) [fricare, to rub]. The act 
 of rubbing. F. -fremitus. See Fremitus, Fric- 
 tion-. F. -sound, the sound observed in auscul- 
 tation as a result of the rubbing together of 
 adjacent parts, e. g., of the pleural folds, the 
 pericardium, or the peritoneum, when the 
 layers are dry or roughened. 
 
 Friedlaender's Decidual Cells. The large 
 connective-tissue cells of the uterine mucosa 
 that form the compact layer of the uterine 
 decidua. F.'s Disease, obliterative arteritis. 
 
 Friedmann's Vasomotor Symptom-com- 
 plex. A train of symptoms following injury 
 to the head, consisting of headache, vertigo, 
 nausea, and intolerance of mental and phy- 
 sical exertions and of galvanic excitation; it 
 is occasionally associated with ophthalmo- 
 plegia and mydriasis. These phenomena may 
 subside and recur with greater intensity, 
 with fever, unconsciousness, and paralysis of 
 the cranial nerves, ending in fatal coma. 
 They are probably due to an encephalitis of 
 slow development with acute exacerbations. 
 
 Friedreich's Ataxia. See F.'s Disease. 
 F.'s Change of Pitch, at the height of 
 
FRIGHT 
 
 433 
 
 FULGURANT 
 
 deep inspiration the tympanitic . sound over 
 pulmonary cavities becomes higher in pitch. 
 F.'s Disease. i. Hereditary ataxia. 2. 
 Paramyoclonus multiplex. F.'s Foot, talipes 
 cavus, with hyperextension of the toes, ob- 
 served in hereditary ataxia. F.'s Sign, dias- 
 tolic collapse of the jugular veins in adherent 
 pericardium. 
 
 Fright {frit) [ME., frizi]. Sudden and 
 extreme fear. F. -neuroses, certain neuro- 
 mimetic disorders following injury; generally 
 considered under the name of "traumatic 
 hysteria." F., Precordial, the precordial sen- 
 sations of anxiety felt immediately before 
 an attack of melancholic frenzy. 
 
 Frigorific {frig-or-if -ik) [frigus, cold; facer e, 
 to make]. Producing extreme cold. 
 
 Frigotherapy {frig-o-ther' '-ap-e) [jrigus; depa- 
 ne'ca, therapy]. The treatment of disease by 
 cold. 
 
 Froehde's Reaction for Proteids. A dark- 
 blue coloration is produced by heating a 
 solid proteid with sulfuric acid containing 
 molybdic acid. 
 
 Frog-belly. The flaccid abdomen seen in 
 children suffering from rickets or from atony 
 of the abdominal cells the result of dyspepsia 
 with flatulent distention. 
 
 Frohmann's Solution. A local anesthetic 
 used in dentistry and said to consist of cocain 
 hydrochlorid, 0.2; morphin hydrochlorid, 
 0.25; sodium chlorid, 0.2; antipyrin, 1—2; 
 guaiacol, 2 drops; distilled water, 100. 
 
 Frohn's Reagent. Add 7 Gm. of potassium 
 iodid and 10 Cc. of hydrochloric acid to 1.5 
 Gm. of freshly precipitated bismuth subni- 
 trate which has been treated with 20 Cc. of 
 water and heated to the boiling-point. 
 
 Frommann's Lines. Transverse strias ap- 
 pearing on treatment with silver nitrate in 
 the axis-cylinder of a nerve near Ranvier's 
 nodes. 
 
 Frontad {front' -ad) [front; ad, to]. Toward the 
 frontal aspect. 
 
 Frontal (front' -al) [front]. 1, Pertaining 
 to the anterior part or aspect of an 
 organ or body. 2. Belonging to the forehead. 
 F. Bone, the anterior bone of the skull and 
 superior bone of the face. F. Eminence. See 
 Eminence, Frontal. F. Lobe. See Lobe, 
 Frontal. F. Section. See Section, Frontal. 
 F. Sinuses, the hollow air-spaces in the 
 frontal bone. F. Suture. See Suture, 
 Frontal. 
 
 Fronto- {fron-to-) [jrons, forehead]. A prefix 
 denoting anterior position or expressing a 
 relation with the forehead. 
 
 Frontomalar {fron-to-ma' -lar) . Relating to 
 the frontal and to the malar bones. F. 
 Suture. See Suture, Frontomalar. 
 
 Frontomaxillary {fron-to-mak'-sil-a-re). Re- 
 lating to the frontal bone and the upper jaw 
 bones. 
 
 Frontomental {fron-to -men' -taV). Running 
 from the top of the forehead to the point 
 of the chin or relating to the forehead and 
 chin. 
 29 
 
 Frontonuchal {fron-to-nu'-chal). Relating to 
 the forehead and the nape of the neck. 
 
 Frontoparietal {fron-to-pa-ri'-e-tal). Relating 
 to the frontal and parietal bones. 
 
 Frontotemporal {fron-to-tem' -po-ral) . Relat- 
 ing to the frontal and temporal bones. 
 
 Front-tap Contraction. See under Reflex. 
 
 Froriep's Induration. Myositis fibrosa. 
 
 Frost-bite. The morbid condition of a part 
 the result of extreme cold. 
 
 Frosted Feet {fros'-ted). See Chilblain. 
 
 Frost-itch. A name for pruritus hiemalis. 
 
 Fructose {fruk'-tos). See Levulose. 
 
 FTUctosuiia. {fruk-to-su'-re~ah). See Levulosuria. 
 
 Fruit {frut) [fructus, fruit]. 1. The developed 
 ovary of a plant, and especially the succulent, 
 fleshy parts gathered about the same. 2. The 
 offspring of animals. F. -sugar. See Levu- 
 lose. 
 
 Frumentum {fru-men' -turn) [L.]. Wheat or 
 other grain. Frumenti, Spiritus (U. S. P.), 
 whisky. 
 
 Ft. Abbreviation of flat or flant, L. for "let 
 there be made." 
 
 Fuchs' Coloboma. See Coloboma, Fucks'. 
 F.'s Optic Atrophy, peripheral atrophy of 
 the bundles composing the optic nerve. 
 
 Fuchsin {fook'-sin) [after Leonhard Fucks'], 
 C 20 H 19 N 3 . C 2 H 4 2 . The hydrochlorid or ace- 
 tate of rosanilin, a lustrous, green, crystalline 
 salt, imparting an intense red color to solu- 
 tions. It is employed as a staining agent in 
 microscopy, and has been used internally in 
 albuminuria. Dose Yf~h g r - (0.006-0.01 Gm.). 
 F. Bodies. See Russell's Bodies. 
 
 Fuchsinophil {fook-sin' -o-fll) [fuchsin; <f>th1v, 
 to love]. Stainable with fuchsin. 
 
 Fucus {fu'-kus) [<j)UKoc, seaweed]. A genus of 
 marine algae, the rockweeds. F. vesiculosus, 
 bladder wrack, sea-wrack, is employed in 
 goiter and glandular enlargements and in 
 obesity, under the name of antifat. Dose of 
 the solid extract 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.); of the 
 fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Fuerbringer's Reaction for Albumin. Gel- 
 atin capsules holding the double salt of 
 mercuric chlorid and sodium chlorid with 
 citric acid, opened at both ends and intro- 
 duced into the urine, causes a cloudiness 
 or flocculent precipitate in the presence of 
 albumin. F.'s Sign, a subphrenic abscess 
 may be distinguished from a collection of 
 pus above the diaphragm by the transmission, 
 in case of the former, of the respiratory move- 
 ments to a needle inserted into the abscess. 
 
 Fuh's Test for Albumin. Equal volumes 
 of nonalbuminous urine and a mixture of 
 equal parts of phenol and glycerol form an 
 emulsion which clears up on agitation, leav- 
 ing a transparent and highly refractive liquid. 
 Equal volumes of albuminous urine and this 
 solution when mixed produce a white tur- 
 bidity which remains in spite of agitation and 
 does not precipitate. The test will show 
 0.1 % of albumin. 
 
 Fulgurant {ful'-gu-rant) [fulgur, lightning]. 
 Lightning-like. F. Pains, pains that are 
 
FULGURATION 
 
 434 
 
 FURROW 
 
 excruciating and come on with lightning-like 
 suddenness, and disappear as quickly. 
 
 Fulguration {}ul-gu-ra' -shun) [see Fulgurant]. 
 i. Lightning-stroke. 2. Sensation of darting 
 pain. 
 
 Fulminant, Fulminating (fuV -min-ant, ful'- 
 min-a-ting) [see Fulgurant]. Sudden, severe, 
 and rapid in course, as fulminant glau- 
 coma. 
 
 Fumigation {ju-mig-a' -shun) [fumigare, to 
 smoke]. Disinfection by exposure to the 
 fumes of a vaporized disinfectant. 
 
 Fuming (fu'-ming) \jumus, smoke]. Emitting 
 smoke or vapor. 
 
 Function (fungk'-shun) [fungi, to perform]. 
 The normal or special action of a part. 
 
 Functional {jungk' -shun-al) . Pertaining to 
 the special action of an organ. F. Disease, 
 a derangement of the normal action of an 
 organ without structural alteration. 
 
 Funda (fun'-dah) [L., "a sling"; pi., fundce]. 
 A four-tailed bandage. 
 
 Fundal [jun'-dal) [fundus]. Pertaining to the 
 fundus. 
 
 Fundament (fun'-dam-ent) [fundus]. 1. The 
 foundation or base of a thing. 2. The rudi- 
 ment. 3. The anus. 
 
 Fundamental (fun-dam-enf -al) [fundament]. 
 Pertaining to the foundation. 
 
 Fundus {fun'-dus) [L., "the bottom"]. The 
 base of an organ; the part farthest removed 
 from the opening of the organ. F. oculi, 
 the posterior portion of the interior of the 
 eye seen by the ophthalmoscope. F. -reflex 
 Test. See Retinoscopy. F. uteri, the part 
 of the uterus remotest from the cervix. F. 
 vesicae, the floor or bas fond of the urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 Fungal {fun' -gal). Belonging to or like fungi. 
 
 Fungate {fun' -gat) [fungus]. 1. To grow up 
 with a fungal appearance; also, to grow 
 rapidly, like a fungus, as certain pathologic 
 growths. 2. A salt of fungic acid. 
 
 Fungating (fun'-gat-ing). Applied to ulcers 
 assuming a fungous appearance. 
 
 Fungicide {fun' -ji-sid) [ficngus; ccsdere, to kill]. 
 1. Destructive to fungi; bactericide. 2. An 
 agent that destroys fungi or bacteria. 
 
 Fungiform {fun' - jif - orm) [fungus; forma, 
 form]. Having the form of a mushroom, as 
 the fungiform papillas of the tongue. 
 
 Fungoid {fun'-goid) [fungus; eldoc, likeness]. 
 Resembling a fungus. 
 
 Fungosity (fun-gos'-it-e) [fungus]. A soft 
 excrescence. 
 
 Fungus {fun'-gus) [L.]. 1. One of the lowest 
 orders of plants, without stems, leaves, or 
 roots, and destitute of chlorophyl. The chief 
 classes of fungi are the molds, or Hypho- 
 mycetes, the yeasts, or Saccharomycetes, and 
 the bacteria, or Schizomycetes. 2. A spongy, 
 morbid excrescence, as proud flesh. F. 
 articuli. See Arthritis fungosa. F. of 
 Brain, hernia cerebri. F. of Dura mater, 
 a tumor of malignant nature springing from 
 the dura and perforating the skull and 
 its integuments. F.-foot. See Madura-foot. 
 
 F. haematodes, a bleeding tumor, generally 
 a soft carcinoma. F., Ray-, the actinomyces. 
 
 Funic {fu'-nik) [funis]. Pertaining to the funis. 
 
 Funicle (fu'-nik-l) [funis]. A slender cord. 
 
 Funicular (fu-nik'-u-lar) [funis]. Relating to 
 the umbilical or spermatic cord. F. Process, 
 the portion of the tunica vaginalis that sur- 
 rounds -the spermatic cord. 
 
 Funiculate (fu-nik' -u-ldt) . Furnished with a 
 funiculus. 
 
 Funiculitis {fu-nik-u-W -tis) [funiculus; cue, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the sper- 
 matic cord. 
 
 Funiculus {fu-nik' -u-lus) [dim. of funis, a 
 cord]. 1. A cord -like structure, as the sper- 
 matic cord or the umbilical cord . 2 . A bundle 
 of nerve-fibers in a sheath of perineurium. 
 3. A name for the different columns of the 
 spinal cord and medulla oblongata, as the 
 funiculus cuneatus, funiculus gracilis, funicu- 
 lus of Rolando, funiculus teres. F., Cuneate, 
 F. cuneatus, the column of Burdach. F., 
 Cuneate Lateral, F. of Rolando, a longi- 
 tudinal prominence on the surface of the ob- 
 longata, between the cuneate funiculus and 
 the line of roots of the spinal accessory nerve. 
 F. gracilis, the column of Goll. F. teres, a 
 column on each side of the median furrow 
 on the floor of the fourth ventricle. Syn., 
 Corpus teres; Fasciculus teres. 
 
 Funis (fu'-nis) [L.]. A cord; the umbilical 
 cord. 
 
 Funnel (fun' -el) [etymology doubtful; Welsh, 
 ffynel, an air-hole]. 1. A wide-mouthed, 
 conic vessel ending in an open tube, used to 
 transfer liquids from one vessel to another, 
 and as a support for paper filters. F. -breast, 
 F. -chest. See Breast; Funnel-. F.s, Golgi's, 
 F.s, Golgi and Rezzonico's, funnel-shaped 
 structures composed of spiral threads de- 
 scribed by Golgi and others as surrounding 
 the axis-cylinder of a myelinic nerve-fiber and 
 supporting the myelin. They appear to be 
 artificially produced in the process of staining. 
 F., Nephridial, the funnel-shaped beginning 
 of a renal tubule. 
 
 Furfuraceous (fur-fur-a' -she-us) [furfur, bran]. 
 Resembling the scales of bran, as furfuraceous 
 desquamation. 
 
 Furfural, Furfuraldehyd (fur' -fur -al, fur- 
 fur-aV '-de-hid) . See Furfurol. 
 
 Furfurol (fur'-fu-rol) [furfur, bran; oleum, oil], 
 C 5 H 4 2 . A distillation-product from bran, 
 sugar, etc. F. Reaction for Proteids, fur- 
 furol is produced on heating proteids with sul- 
 furic acid. 
 
 Furfuron (fur' -fur-on). A proprietary liniment 
 for gout and rheumatism said to consist of 
 soap, camphor, salicylic acid, acetic ether, 
 ammonia, and extract of peppermint. 
 
 Furfurous (fur' -fur -us). See Furfuraceous. 
 
 Furibund (fu' -re-bund) [furibundus, raging]. 
 Raging; maniacal: applied to certain insane 
 patients. 
 
 Furrow (fur'-o) [AS., furh, a groove]. A 
 groove. F., Digital, one of the transverse 
 lines or furrows on the palmar surface of the 
 
FURUNCLE 
 
 435 
 
 GAIT 
 
 fingers. F., Genital, a groove appearing on 
 the genital tubercle of the fetus at the end 
 of the second month. F.s, Interventricular, 
 two longitudinal grooves separating the two 
 ventricles of the heart. F.s, Liebermei- 
 ster's, depressions on the superior surface of 
 the liver due to pressure of the ribs. 
 
 Furuncle (fu r -rung-kl) . A boil. See Furunculus. 
 
 Furuncular {fu-rung' -ku-lar) [furuncle]. Per- 
 taining to a furuncle. F. Diathesis. See 
 Furunculosis. 
 
 Furunculin (fu-rung' -ku-lin) . A preparation 
 of yeast intended for use in furuncles, gastric 
 and intestinal catarrhs, etc. 
 
 Furunculosis (fu-rung-ku-lo' -sis) [furunculus']. 
 A condition associated with the formation 
 of furuncles. 
 I Furunculus (fu-rung' '-ku-lus) [L.]. A furuncle. 
 A local inflammatory affection, commonly 
 involving a skin-gland or hair-follicle, and 
 ending in suppuration. It begins with a pain- 
 ful induration, followed by swelling, suppu- 
 ration of the corium and subcutaneous con- 
 nective tissue, and the discharge of a central 
 slough or core. F. anthracoides, a small 
 carbuncle. Syn., Anthracoid furuncle. F. 
 gangraenescens, F. gangragnosus, anthrax. 
 F. malignus, anthrax. F. orientalis, a 
 disease marked by the successive formation 
 of papule, tubercle, scab, and sharply circum- 
 scribed ulcer on the face, especially the cheeks 
 and angles of the mouth. It is common along 
 
 the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Syn., 
 Aleppo boil; Biskra-button; Delhi boil; 
 Natal sore; Oriental boil; Pendjeh sore. F. 
 vespajus, a large, indolent furuncle bearing 
 a fancied resemblance to a wasp's nest from 
 its having a number of openings through 
 which it suppurates. 
 
 Fuscin (fus'-in) [fuscus, dark]. The black 
 pigment of the retina. 
 
 Fusel-oil (fu'-zel), C 5 H n HO. Amyl-alcohol. 
 An oily liquid of strong odor. It is an in- 
 gredient of crude alcohol obtained by dis- 
 tilling grain and potatoes. 
 
 Fusible (fuz'-ib-l) [fusus, to melt]. Capable 
 of being melted. F. Calculus, a calculus 
 that can be liquefied by heat. 
 
 Fusiform (fuz 1 '-if-orm) [jusus, a spindle; forma, 
 shape]. Spindle-shaped. F. Lobule, the 
 convolution on the median aspect of the brain 
 below the collateral fissure. F. Papillas, 
 the slender papillas covering the anterior two- 
 thirds of the tongue. 
 
 Fusion (fu'-zhun) [fundere, to pour out]. The 
 process of melting; the act of uniting or 
 cohering. 
 
 Fusocellular (fu-zo-seV -u-lar) [fusus, a spindle; 
 cella, a cell]. Spindle-celled. 
 
 Fustigation (fus-tig-a' -shun) [fustigare, to beat]. 
 Flogging. F., Electric, an application of 
 electricity in which the surface of the body 
 is rapidly tapped with the electrodes of an 
 induced current. 
 
 Gadberry's Mixture. A combination of iron 
 sulfate, ioogr.; quinin sulfate, ioo gr.; nitric 
 acid, ioo min.; potassium nitrate, 300 gr.; 
 water enough to make 16 oz. 
 
 Gadinin (gad'-in-in), C 7 H l7 N0 2 . A ptomain 
 obtained from decomposing haddock and 
 also from cultures of the bacteria of human 
 feces. 
 
 Gadolinium (gad-o-lin' -e-um) . See Elements, 
 Table of C hemic. 
 
 Gaduin (gad' - u - in) [gadus], C ?5 IT 46 9 . A 
 fatty principle occurring in cod-liver oil. 
 
 Gadus (ga f - dus) [yddoc, the whiting]. A 
 genus of fish. G. morrhua, the cod; a fish 
 from the livers of which cod-liver oil is 
 obtained. 
 
 Gag [ME., gaggen, to gag]. An instrument 
 placed between the teeth to prevent closure of 
 the jaws. 
 
 Gage's Test for Bacterium coli in Water. 
 Dissolve 100 Gm. of dextrose and 50 Gm. of 
 peptone in a liter of boiling water; when 
 cool, filter through paper until clear and add 
 0.25 % of phenol. To 100 Cc. of the water to 
 be tested add 10 Cc. of the dextrose broth 
 and place in an incubator at 38 C. for 20 
 
 hours, when, if Bacterium coli is present, there 
 will be a bead on the surface. Give the bottle 
 one vigorous shake and place it before a 
 window. The gas will separate from the 
 liquid and can be seen rising to the surface. 
 
 Gaiacyl (gi f -as-il). See Guaiacyl. 
 
 Gaiethol (gi'-eth-ol). See Guaethol. 
 
 Gait (gat) [Icel., gata, a way]. The manner of 
 walking. G., Ataxic, a gait in which the 
 foot is raised high, thrown forward, and 
 brought down suddenly, the whole sole striking 
 the ground at once. G., Cerebellar, a gait 
 associated with a staggering movement. G., 
 Paraparetic, that observed in chronic mye- 
 litis in which the steps are short and the feet 
 dragged, from inability to lift them. G., 
 Paretic, a gait in which the steps are short, 
 the feet dragged, the legs held more or less 
 widely apart, and, as the disease progresses, 
 there are uncertainty, shuffling, and stagger- 
 ing. G., Spastic, a gait in which the legs 
 are held close together and move in a stiff 
 manner, and the toes tend to drag and catch. 
 G., Steppage, a gait observed in certain 
 neurotic conditions, in which the foot is 
 thrown forcibly forward, the toe lifted high 
 
GALA- 
 
 436 
 
 GALL 
 
 in the air, the heel being first brought down 
 and then the entire foot. G., Tabetic. See 
 G., Ataxic. 
 
 Gala- (gal-ah-) [jaXa, milk]. A prefix denoting 
 relating to milk. 
 
 Galactagog, Galactagogue {gal-ak' -la g-og) 
 [gala-; ajwybg, leading]. i. Inducing the 
 secretion of milk. 2. An agent that in- 
 creases the secretion of milk. 
 
 Galactase {gal-ak' -tdz) [jaXa, milk]. An enzym 
 of milk. It is a normal constituent, is soluble, 
 and is active in ripening cheese. 
 
 Galactidrosis {gal-ak-tid-ro' -sis) [gala-; Idpcbg, 
 sweat]. The sweating of a milk-like fluid. 
 
 Galactin {gal-ak' -tin) [gala], C^H^Nfi^. An 
 amorphous alkaloid found in milk. 
 
 Galactoblast {gal-ak' -to-blast) [gala-; (HXaoroc, 
 a germ]. A peculiar fat-containing globule 
 found in the acini of the mammary gland. 
 
 Galactocele {gal-ak' '-to-sel) [gala-; nrjXr}, tumor]. 
 1. A cystic tumor of the female breast due 
 to a collection of milk resulting from clo- 
 sure of a milk-duct. 2. Hydrocele with milky 
 contents. 
 
 Galacto chloral {gal-ak-to -klo'-r at), C 8 H 4 C1 3 6 . 
 A mixture of galactose and chloral heated in 
 presence of hydrochloric acid; similar to 
 chloralose. 
 
 Galactometastasis {gal -ok -to-met- as 1 ' -tas -is). 
 See Galacto plania. 
 
 Galactometer {gal-ak-tom' -et-er) . See Lac- 
 tometer. 
 
 Galactopathy {gal-ak-top' -ath-e) [gala-; izhBoc, 
 disease]. The application of a wet pack of 
 warm milk (not boiled), used in the Trans- 
 vaal, South Africa, in zymotic diseases. 
 
 Galactophlysis {gal-ak-to}' -lis -is) [gala-; <f)\uocc, 
 eruption]. A vesicular eruption containing a 
 milk-like fluid. 
 
 Galactophorous {gal -ok - to}' - or - us) [gala-; 
 (fiepecv, to bear]. Milk-bearing. G. Ducts, 
 the excretory ducts of the mammas. 
 
 Galactophygous {gal-ak-to}' -ig-us) [gala-; 4>°TVy 
 flight]. Arresting the secretion of milk. 
 
 Galactoplania {gal-ak-to-pla' -ne-ah) [gala-; 
 Tzlav-q, a wandering]. The metastasis of milk; 
 a disease due to the suppression of lactation 
 and the metastasis of the milk. 
 
 Galactopoietic {gal -ak-to- poi -et' - ik) [gala-; 
 rcocelv, to make]. Galactagog. 
 
 Galactoposia {gal-ak-to-po' -ze-ah) [gala-; noocc, 
 drinking]. The treatment of diseases by the 
 use of a milk-diet; the milk -cure. 
 
 Galactopyretus {gal-ak-to-pi-re'-tus) [gala-; 
 KOpsroc, fever]. Milk-fever. 
 
 Galactorrhea {gal-ak-tor-e'-ah) [gala-; po'ca, a 
 flow]. An excessive flow of milk. 
 
 Galactoscope {gal-ak' -to-skop) . See Lactoscope. 
 
 Galactose {gal-ak' -to s) [yaXa, milk], C 6 H 12 O e . 
 A sugar formed by boiling milk-sugar with 
 dilute acids. It readily reduces alkaline cop- 
 per solutions and is fermentable with yeast. 
 
 Galactosis {gal-dk-to' -sis) [yaXaKrajocc']. The 
 secretion of nilk. 
 
 Galactostasis {gal-ak-tos'-tas-is) [gala-; oxaotg, 
 stoppage]. A stoppage of the milk. 
 
 Galactotherapy {gal-ak-to-ther' -ap-e) 
 
 depaizrtv, treatment]. 1. The treatment 
 of disease in suckling infants by the ad- 
 ministration of remedies to the mother or wet- 
 nurse. 2. Milk-cure. 
 
 Galactotoxin {gal-ak-to-toks' -in) . A basic 
 poison generated in milk by the growth of 
 microorganisms. See Tyrotoxicon. 
 
 Galactotoxism {gal-ak-to-toks' -izm) [gala-; ro^c- 
 kov, poison]. Milk-poisoning. 
 
 Galactozymase {gal-ak-to-zi'-maz) [gala-; C^r), 
 leaven]. A ferment found in milk capable of 
 liquefying starch. 
 
 Galanga, Galangal {gal-an'-gah, gal'-an-gal) 
 [Chin.]. The rhizome of Alpinia ofjicinarum 
 and of Kcempferia galanga {greater galangal). 
 The active principles are a volatile oil and a 
 resin; the actions are those of a stimulant 
 aromatic. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
 
 Galassi Pupillary Phenomenon. When the 
 orbicularis palpebrarum is brought into ener- 
 getic use and the eye closed with vigor, there 
 is a narrowing of the pupil, which dilates 
 when the eye is opened. 
 
 Galbanum {gal' -ban-urn) [Heb., khelUndh, 
 white milk]. 1. A gum-resin of Ferula 
 galbaniflua and F. rubricaulis. It is ex- 
 pectorant, stimulant, and antispasmodic, and 
 is useful in chronic bronchitis, amenorrhea, 
 and chronic rheumatism. Locally it is em- 
 ployed in the form of a plaster for indolent 
 swellings. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). 
 G., Compound Pills of, pills of asafetida, 
 galbanum, myrrh, and syrup of glucose. G. 
 Plaster, galbanum, 16; turpentine, 2; Bur- 
 gundy pitch, 6; lead-plaster, 76 parts. 
 
 Galea {ga'-le-ah) [L., "helmet"]. The aponeu- 
 rotic portion of the occipitofrontalis muscle. 
 
 Galeati's Glands. See Crypts, Lieberkuhn's. 
 
 Galega {gal-e'-gah) [yaXa, milk; dys.iv, to lead]. 
 Goat's-rue. A genus of plants belonging in the 
 order Leguminosce. G. officinalis is a European 
 species said to be an efficient galactagog. 
 Dose of fluidextract 8-15 gr. (0.52-1.0 Gm.); 
 of tincture, containing 6.5 % of extract, 
 50-100 min. (3.08-6.16 Cc.) 5 times daily. 
 
 Galen's Ampulla. A dilation of the vena 
 magna galeni, occurring in the middle of 
 Bichat's fissure, between the splenium and 
 the quadrigeminal bodies. It receives the 
 two basilar and several small cerebral and 
 cerebellar veins. G.'s Anastomosis. See 
 G.'s Nerve. G.'s Cardiac Vein, the anterior 
 cardiac or right marginal vein. G. 's Chancre. 
 See Celsus 1 Chancre. G.'s Duct. See Botal, 
 Duct of. G.'s Foramen, the opening of the 
 anterior cardiac vein in the right auricle. 
 G.'s Nerve, a small branch of the superior 
 laryngeal nerve that passes along the posterior 
 surface of the cricoarytenoideus posticus and 
 anastomoses with the ascending branch of 
 the inferior laryngeal nerve. G.'s Veins, 
 two large venous trunks formed by the deep 
 cerebral veins; they unite to form the vena 
 magna galeni, which opens into the straight 
 sinus. G.'s Ventricle. See MorgagnVs 
 Ventricle. 
 
 Gall {gawl) [AS., gealla, bile]. The bile. 
 
GALLA 
 
 437 
 
 GAMBIR 
 
 G.-bladder, the pear-shaped sac on the 
 under surface of the right lobe of the liver, 
 constituting the reservoir for the bile. G.- 
 cyst, the gall-bladder. G. -stones, the con- 
 cretions occasionally formed in the gall- 
 bladder and bile-ducts. G.-stones, Cour- 
 voisier's Law Concerning, when the com- 
 mon duct is obstructed by a stone, dilation 
 of the gall-bladder is rare; when the common 
 duct is obstructed by other causes, dilation 
 of the gall-bladder is common. 
 
 Galla {gal' -ah) [L.]. Nutgall. The galla of the 
 U. S. P. is an excrescence on the leaves of 
 Quercus infectoria, caused by the deposited ova 
 of an insect. It contains tannic acid, from 10 
 to 75 %, gallic acid, 5 %. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32- 
 1.0 Gm.). Gallae, Tinctura (U. S. P.), 20%. 
 Dose J-3 dr. (2-12 Cc). Gallae, Unguentum 
 (U. S. P.), nutgall ointment. Gallae, Un- 
 guentum, cum Opio (B. P.), an astringent 
 and sedative ointment. 
 
 Gallacetophenone {gal-as-et-o-fe' '-non) [galla; 
 acidum, acid; phenone], CH 3 CO . C 6 - 
 H 2 (OH) 3 . A yellow powder prepared from 
 pyrogallic acid; used as a 10% ointment in 
 dermatology. 
 
 Gallanilid {gal-an' -il-id) . See Gallanol. 
 
 Gallanol {gal'-an-ol), C 13 H n 4 N + 2ll 2 0. The 
 anilid of gallic acid obtained by boiling tannin 
 with anilin; used in skin diseases in 3 to 
 20% ointment, or as a dusting-powder when 
 mixed with French chalk. 
 
 Gallate (gal' -at). A salt of gallic acid. 
 
 Gallianin {gal-e' -an-in) . A fluid consisting of 
 4 parts by volume of ozone dissolved in 
 1 part of an indifferent vehicle. It is used 
 in veterinary surgery, in heat-stroke, acute 
 pneumonia, etc. 
 
 Gallic Acid {gal'-ik). See Acid, Gallic. 
 
 Gallicin {gal'-is-in), C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 COOCH s . A 
 methyl ether of gallic acid; recommended as 
 a dusting-powder. 
 
 Gallinol {gal' -in-ol) . See Gallanol. 
 
 Gallipot {gal'-e- pot) [OD., gleypot]. An 
 apothecary's pot for holding ointments or 
 confections. 
 
 Gallobromol {gal-o-bro'-mol), C 7 Br 2 5 H 4 . A 
 compound obtained from bromin by action 
 of gallic acid; it is sedative, antiseptic, and 
 astringent. Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.) a day. 
 Application in 1 to 4% solution or paste. 
 
 Galloformin {gal-o-form' -in) . A compound 
 of formaldehyd and gallic acid; used as an 
 internal antiseptic. 
 
 Gallois' Test for Inosit. Allow the inosit 
 solution to evaporate to incipient dryness; 
 moisten the residuum with a little mercuric 
 nitrate solution and it assumes a yellow color 
 on drying, which becomes a fine red on heating 
 strongly, but disappears on cooling. Tyrosin, 
 sugar, and proteids must be absent. 
 
 Gallol {gal'-ol). See Aluminium Gallate, Basic. 
 
 Gallon {gal'-on) [ME., galon]. A standard 
 unit of volumetric measurement, having 
 in the United States a capacity of 231 cubic 
 inches. 
 
 Galtah, Galtia {gal'-tah, gal'-she-ah) [gala, 
 
 throat, as galtah is a form of surra in camels, 
 in which the throat affection is one of the 
 prominent symptoms]. Vernacular term in 
 India for trypanosomiasis. 
 
 Gallon's Whistle. An instrument used for de- 
 tecting the perception of high tones by the ear. 
 
 Galvanic {gal-van' -ik) [Galvani, an Italian 
 scientist]. Pertaining to galvanism. G. 
 Battery. See Battery, Galvanic. 
 
 Galvanism {gal' -van-izm) [see Galvanic], Pri- 
 mary electricity produced by chemic action. 
 
 Galvanization {gal-van-iz-a'-shun) [see Gal- 
 vanic]. The transmission of a current of low 
 electromotive force through any part of the 
 body for the purpose of diagnosticating or 
 curing disease. 
 
 Galvano- {gal-van-o-) [see Galvanic]. A pre- 
 fix denoting a galvanic or primary current 
 of electricity. 
 
 Galvanocaustics {gal-van -o-kaws'-liks). The 
 science of the caustic action of galvanism. 
 
 Galvano cautery {gal-van-o-kaw'-ter-e) . A form 
 of thermal cautery in which the heat is pro- 
 duced by a galvanic current. 
 
 Galvanochemistry {gal-van-o-kem'-is-tre) . See 
 Electrochemistry. 
 
 Galvanocontractility {gal-van -o-kon-trak-til'- 
 it-e). The property of being contractile 
 under stimulation by the galvanic current. 
 
 Galvanofaradization {gal - van -o -far -ad- i- 
 za'-shun). The simultaneous excitation of a 
 nerve or muscle by both a galvanic and a 
 faradic current. 
 
 Galvanolysis {gal-van-oV -is-is) . See Electrol- 
 ysis, 
 
 Galvanometer {gal-van-om' -et-er) [galvano-; 
 fiirpov, a measure]. An instrument used for 
 the qualitative determination of the presence 
 of an electric current. 
 
 Galvanopuncture {gal - van - o - pungk'- tiir) . 
 The introduction of fine needles that complete 
 an electric circuit. 
 
 Galvanoscope {gal - van' - o - shop) [galvano-; 
 oKOTitlv, to view]. An instrument for detecting 
 the presence and direction of a galvanic current. 
 
 Galvanoscopy {gal-van-os' -ko-pe) [see Galvano- 
 scope]. The use of the galvanoscope. 
 
 Galvanosurgery {gal-van-o-sur' -jer-e) . The 
 surgical use of galvanism. 
 
 Galvanotherapeutics {gal - van - - ther - a - 
 pu'-liks). Treatment by means of the 
 galvanic current. 
 
 Galvanothermy {gal-van-o-ther'-me). The 
 galvanic production of heat. 
 
 Galvanotonic {gal-van-o-ton'-ik). Both gal- 
 vanic and tonic; relating to galvanotonus. 
 
 Galvanotonus {gal -van -of -on -us) [galvano-; 
 xbvoc, tension]. 1. Electrotonus. 2. The con- 
 tinued tetanus of a muscle between the make 
 and break contraction. 
 
 Gambir {gam' -Mr). An extract from the twigs 
 and leaves of Ourouparia gambir. Gambir 
 yields the same substances as catechu, and its 
 action and uses are the same as those of 
 catechu. G., Compound Tincture of 
 {tinctura gambir composita, U. S. P.), used in 
 Dlace of the compound tincture of catechu. 
 
GAMBOGE 
 
 438 
 
 GANGLION 
 
 Dose i dr. (4 Cc). G., Troches of (troch- 
 isci gambir, U. S. P.), made of gambir, sugar, 
 tragacanth, and stronger orange-flower water. 
 
 Gamboge (gam-bozh'). See Cambogia. 
 
 Gamete (gam'-et) [jo,p.kxt], wife]. In biology, 
 any sexual reproductive body. 
 
 Gammacism (gam' - as - izm) [gammacismus; 
 yap.ua, the Greek letter G]. Difficulty in pro- 
 nouncing the letters " g" and "k" 
 
 Gamogenesis (gam-o-]en' -es-is) [yajiof, mar- 
 riage; jkvtocc, generation]. Sexual repro- 
 duction. 
 
 Gangliate, Gangliated (gan'-gle-dt, -ed). 1. 
 Furnished with ganglions. 2. Intertwined 
 or intermixed. 
 
 Gangliform (gan' '-gle-form) [ganglion; forma, 
 form]. Having the shape of a ganglion. 
 
 Gangliitis (gan-gle-V -tis) . See Ganglionitis. 
 
 Ganglioblast (gan 1 ' -gle-o-blast) [ganglion; ftXao- 
 roc, a germ]. An embryonic ganglion-cell. 
 Syn., Esthesioblast. 
 
 Ganglioma (gan-gle-o' '-mah) [ganglion; ofta, 
 tumor]. A tumor or swelling of a lymphatic 
 ganglion. 
 
 Ganglion (gan'-gle-on) [yajyltov, a knot]. 1. 
 A well-defined collection of nerve-cells and 
 fibers forming a subsidiary nerve-center. 
 2. An enlarged bursa in connection with a 
 tendon. G., Andersen's. See G., Petrous. 
 G., Arnold's. See G., Otic. G., Auditory, a 
 prominence on the lateral wall of the fourth 
 ventricle traversed by the auditory strias. 
 Syn., Tuberculum acusticum. G., Auricular. 
 SeeG., Otic. G.s, Basal, those at the base of 
 the cerebrum; they include the corpora striata 
 (caudate and lenticular nuclei) and optic 
 thalami. G., Bidder's, an accumulation of 
 ganglion-cells in the interauricular septum 
 and the auriculoventricular groove of the 
 frog's heart. G., Bochdalek's, a small 
 gangliform enlargement above the root of 
 one of the upper incisor teeth, at the point 
 of communication between the posterior 
 nasal branch of Meckel's ganglion and the 
 anterior dental nerve. G., Cardiac, Supe- 
 rior. See Wrisberg's Ganglion (1). G., 
 Carotid, one in the lower part of the 
 cavernous sinus, beneath the carotid artery; 
 roots, filaments from the carotid plexus ; distri- 
 bution, carotid plexus. G. , Carotid, Inferior, 
 one of the lower portion of the carotid canal; 
 root, carotid plexus; distribution, filaments to 
 the carotid artery. G., Carotid, Superior, 
 one in the upper portion of the carotid canal; 
 root, carotid plexus; distribution, filaments 
 to the carotid artery. G., Casserian. See 
 G., Gasserian. G.-cell, the large nerve-cell 
 characteristic of the ganglions; similar cells 
 are found in other parts of the nervous system. 
 G.s, Cephalic, sympathetic ganglions of 
 the head. They include the ophthalmic, sphe- 
 nopalatine, otic, and submaxillary. G., Cer- 
 vical, Inferior, that between the neck of 
 the first rib and the transverse process of 
 the last cervical vertebra; roots, three lower 
 cervical, first dorsal; distribution, cardiac 
 nerves and plexus, etc. G., Cervical, 
 
 Middle, or Thyroid, that opposite the fifth 
 cervical vertebra, near the inferior thyroid 
 artery; roots, fifth and sixth cervical nerves, 
 spinal nerves and ganglions; distribution, 
 thyroid gland, cardiac nerve, cavernous 
 plexus. G., Cervical, Superior, that oppo- 
 site the second and third cervical vertebras; 
 roots, four upper cervical, petrosal, vagus, 
 glossopharyngeal, and hypoglossal nerves; 
 distribution, superior, inferior, external, in- 
 ternal branches; carotid and cavernous 
 plexuses. G., Cervical (of Uterus), that 
 near the cervix uteri; roots, filaments from 
 the hypogastric plexus, sacral ganglions, and 
 sacral nerves; distribution, uterine nerves. 
 G., Ciliary. See G., Ophthalmic. G. of 
 Cloquet. See Cloquet's Ganglion. G., Coccy- 
 geal. See G. impar. Gr., Corti's. See 
 Corti's Ganglion. G., Gasser's. See G., Gas- 
 serian. G., Gasserian, G., Semilunar, 
 location, fossa on the anterior part of the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, near 
 the -apex; roots, fifth cranial nerve, carotid 
 plexus; distribution, ophthalmic, superior 
 and inferior maxillary nerves. G., Genicu- 
 late, one in the aqueduct of Fallopius; roots, 
 large and small superficial petrosal; distri- 
 bution, facial. G., Hepatic, one around the 
 hepatic artery; roots, hepatic branches of the 
 semilunar ganglion; distribution, liver. G. 
 impar, G., Coccygeal, that on the ante- 
 rior surface of the tip of the coccyx, uniting 
 the two sympathetic nerves; root, sympa- 
 thetic; distribution, sympathetic. G., In- 
 ferior (of Vagus), one near jugular foramen; 
 roots, hypoglossal and cervical nerves and 
 various plexuses; distribution, vagus. G., 
 Inframaxillary, Anterior, one near the 
 incisor teeth; root, inferior maxillary nerve; 
 distribution, filaments to the teeth. G., 
 Inframaxillary, Posterior, one near the 
 last molar tooth; root, inferior maxillary 
 nerve; distribution, filaments to the teeth. 
 G., Jugular (Ehrenritter's), one in the 
 upper part of the jugular foramen; root, 
 glossopharyngeal; distribution, continuation 
 of the glossopharyngeal. G., Jugular (of 
 Vagus), one in the jugular foramen; root, 
 vagus; distribution, vagus. G., Lowit's, 
 the bulbus arteriosus. G., Ludwig's, one 
 in the wall of the right auricle of the heart; 
 root, cardiac plexus; distribution, cardiac 
 plexus. G.s, Lumbar (4 or 5), on each 
 side and behind the abdominal aorta; root, 
 sympathetic; distribution, sympathetic. G., 
 Meckel's. See G., Sphenopalatine. G., 
 Mesenteric, Inferior, one in the inferior 
 mesenteric artery; root, inferior mesenteric 
 plexus; distribution, mesentery and intestine. 
 G., Mesenteric, Lateral, one in connection 
 with superior mesenteric plexus, on left side; 
 root, superior mesenteric plexus; distribution, 
 mesentery and bowel. G., Mesenteric, Su- 
 perior, one near the origin of the superior 
 mesenteric artery; -root, superior mesen- 
 teric plexus; distribution, sympathetic. G., 
 Nasal. See G., Sphenopalatine. G., Naso- 
 
GANGLION 
 
 439 
 
 GANGRENE 
 
 palatine. See Cloquefs Ganglion. G., 
 Ophthalmic, that in the posterior part 
 of the orbit; roots, nasal branch of the 
 ophthalmic, third nerve, cavernous plexus, and 
 Meckel's ganglion; distribution, short ciliarv 
 G. Orbital. See G., Ophthalmic. G., Otic 
 (Arnold's), one below the foramen ovale; 
 roots, inferior maxillary, auriculotemporal, 
 glossopharyngeal, facial, sympathetic, and 
 internal pterygoid; distribution, tensor tym- 
 pani, tensor palati, chorda tympani. G., 
 Petrous (Andersen's), one on the lower 
 border of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone; root, glossopharyngeal; distribution, 
 tympanic, sympathetic, and vagus. G., 
 Pharyngeal, one near the ascending pharyn- 
 geal artery; root, carotid plexus; distribution, 
 carotid plexus. G., Phrenic, one under the 
 diaphragm at the junction of the right phrenic 
 nerve and phrenic plexus; root, sympathetic ; 
 distribution, to the diaphragm, inferior vena 
 cava, suprarenal capsule, hepatic plexus. 
 G.s, Pneumogastric. See G., Vagus. 
 G., Prostatic (of Miiller), one on the pros- 
 tate; root, prostatic plexus; distribution, 
 filaments to seminal vesicles and cavernous 
 tissue of penis. G., Pterygopalatine. See 
 G., Sphenopalatine. G., Remak's, located 
 in the tissue of the heart, near the superior vena 
 cava; root, sympathetic; distribution, sympa- 
 thetic. G., Renal, one around the renal 
 artery; root, renal plexus; distribution, renal 
 artery. G. of Ribes, location, anterior com- 
 municating artery of the brain. It is the 
 upper termination of the sympathetic; roots, 
 branches from the two superior ganglions; 
 distribution, sympathetic. G., Sacral, four 
 or five pairs on the ventral surface of the 
 sacrum; root, sympathetic; distribution, 
 sympathetic. G., Scarpa's, lies near the 
 internal auditory meatus, at the point of 
 junction of the facial nerve and the vestibular 
 branch of the auditory nerve; roots, facial 
 and auditory nerves; distribution, internal ear. 
 G.,Schacher's. See G., Ophthalmic. G., Sem- 
 ilunar. SeeG.,Gasserian. G.s, Semilunar, 
 two ganglions, right and left, near the suprare- 
 nal bodies, in front of the crura of the dia- 
 phragm ; roots, solar plexus and great splanch- 
 nic nerves; distribution, solar plexus. G.s, 
 Solar. See G.s, Semilunar. G., Sphenopal- 
 atine (Meckel's), one in the sphenomax- 
 illary fossa, near the sphenopalatine foramen; 
 roots, superior maxillary, facial, sympathetic; 
 distribution, anterior, posterior, and external 
 palatine, nasopalatine, superior nasal, vidian, 
 pharyngeal. G. spirale. See Cor ti's Ganglion. 
 G.s, Splanchnic. See G.s, Semilunar. G., 
 Submaxillary, that above the submax- 
 illary gland; roots, gustatory, chorda tym- 
 pani, submaxillary, sympathetic; distribution, 
 mouth, submaxillary gland, and Wharton's 
 duct. G., Superior (of Vagus), located at 
 the jugular foramen; roots, superior cervical 
 and petrous ganglions and spinal accessory; 
 distribution, vagus. G., Suprarenal, that 
 at the junction of the great splanchnic nerves; 
 
 root, solar plexus; distribution, suprarenal 
 plexus. G., Thoracic, twelve pairs between 
 the transverse processes of the vertebras and 
 the heads of the ribs; root, sympathetic; 
 distribution, splanchnic nerves and branches 
 to spinal nerves and plexuses. G., Thyroid, 
 Inferior. See G., Cervical, Middle. G., 
 Thyroid, Superior. See G., Cervical, Supe- 
 rior. G., Tympanic, that in the canal be- 
 tween the lower surface of the petrous portion 
 of the temporal bone and the tympanum; 
 root, tympanic branch of the glossopharyn- 
 geal; distribution, tympanum. G., Vagus: 
 (i) Of the root. See G., Jugular. (2) Of 
 the trunk: location, below the jugular 
 foramen; root, vagus; distribution, vagus. 
 G., Valentin's, a gangliform enlargement 
 found occasionally above the root of the second 
 bicuspid, at the junction of the middle and pos- 
 terior dental nerves; root, posterior and mid- 
 dle dental nerves ; distribution, filaments to the 
 teeth. G., Ventricular. See G., Bidder's. 
 G., Vestibular, that in the aqueduct of 
 Fallopius; root, geniculate ganglion; dis- 
 tribution, vestibular nerve. G., Walther's. 
 See G. impar. G. of Wrisberg. See Wris- 
 berg's Ganglion. 
 
 Ganglioneure, Ganglioneuron (gan-gle-o-nur' ', 
 -nu'-ron) [ganglion; veupov, a nerve]. A 
 neuron the cell-body (nerve-cell) of which 
 lies within the spinal or the cerebral ganglions. 
 
 Ganglionic (gan-gle-on f -ik) [ganglion']. Per- 
 taining to or of the nature of a ganglion. 
 
 Ganglionica (gan-gle-on' -ik-ah) . Drugs affect- 
 ing the sensibility of the regions supplied by 
 the sympathetic nerve. 
 
 Ganglionitis {gan-gle-on-i'-tis) [ganglion; czeg, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of a ganglion. 
 
 Gangolphe's Sign. In intestinal obstruction 
 a serosanguineous effusion in the abdomen 
 soon after strangulation has taken place. 
 
 Gangrasna oris {gan-gre' -nah o'-ris). Cancrum 
 oris (q. v.). 
 
 Gangrene (gan r -gren) [yayypacva, a sore, from 
 ypaivs.iv, to gnaw]. The putrefactive fer- 
 mentation of dead tissue. G., Atrophic, 
 that due to embolism or thrombosis. G., 
 Carbolic-acid, dry gangrene from carbolized 
 dressings. G., Diabetic, a moist gangrene 
 sometimes occurring in diabetic persons. 
 G., Dry, shriveling and desiccation from 
 insufficiency of arterial blood. G., Embolic, 
 that caused by an embolus that cuts off the 
 supply of blood. G., Hospital, a contagious, 
 rapidly fatal form arising under crowded 
 conditions, particularly in military hospitals. 
 G., Mixed, dry gangrene with moist patches. 
 G., Moist, a form with abundance of serous 
 exudation and rapid decomposition. G., 
 Nosocomial, hospital gangrene. G., Pri- 
 mary, that without preceding inflammation 
 of the part. G., Pulpy. See G., Hospital. 
 G., Secondary, a form with preceding inflam- 
 mation. G., Senile, that attacking the ex- 
 tremities of the aged. G., Symmetric, that 
 attacking corresponding parts of opposite 
 sides. Syn., Raynaud's disease. G., Ta- 
 
GANGRENOUS 
 
 440 
 
 GASTRELCOMA 
 
 chetic, a form marked by the appearance of 
 ecchymotic spots, of greater or less extent, 
 on various parts of the body. It is believed 
 to be due to blood-poisoning. 
 
 Gangrenous (gan'-gren-us) [gangrene]. Per- 
 taining to or of the nature of gan- 
 grene. G. Emphysema. See Edema, Malig- 
 nant. 
 
 Ganister, Gannister (gan'-is-ter) [MHG., 
 ganster, a spark]. A very hard silicious fire- 
 •clay forming the floor of coal-seams in York- 
 shire and Lancaster, England. G. Disease, 
 the formation of fibroid tissue in the lungs, 
 occurring in ganister miners and grinders, 
 from the irritation produced by breathing 
 the fine dust. 
 
 Ganjah (gan'-jah). See Gunjah. 
 
 Gant's Line. An imaginary line below the 
 greater trochanter, serving as a guide in 
 section of the femur. 
 
 Gap [ME.]. A cleft, fissure, or opening. 
 
 Garbled (gar'-bld) [OF., garbeler, to inspect 
 closely]. Applied to crude drugs which have 
 been separated from worthless material and 
 made ready for market. 
 
 Gardenin {gar-de' -nin) . A compound, C 23 H 30 - 
 O l0 , obtained from Gardenia lucida. 
 
 Gardiner-Brown's Test. In labyrinthine 
 disease the patient ceases to hear the sound 
 of a tuning-fork placed upon the vertex from 
 half a second to several seconds before the 
 examiner ceases to feel its vibrations. 
 
 Garel's Sign, Garel-Burger's Sign. Lumi- 
 nous perception by the eye of the sound side 
 only when an electric light is placed in the 
 buccal cavity; it is observed in empyema of 
 the antrum of Highmore. 
 
 Garget {gar' -get) [ME., gar gat, the throat], 
 i. A swelling of the throat in swine or cattle. 
 2. A knotty condition of the udder in cows, 
 attended with inflammation. Syn., Mam- 
 mitis; Weed. 
 
 Gargle (gar'-gl) [OF., gargouiller, to gargle], 
 i. A solution for rinsing the pharynx and 
 nasopharynx. 2. To rinse the pharynx and 
 nasopharynx. 
 
 Garland's S-curve. See Ellis' Sign. 
 
 Garlic (gar f -lik). See Allium. 
 
 Garofen (gar'-o-fen). A vegetable analgesic 
 and antipyretic intended as a substitute for 
 morphin and acetanilid. 
 
 Garrod's Test for Hematoporphyrin in the 
 Urine. Add to 100 Cc. of urine 20 Cc. of 
 a 10% solution of caustic soda and filter. 
 To the filtrate, thoroughly washed in water, 
 add absolute alcohol and enough hydro- 
 chloric acid to dissolve perfectly the precipi- 
 tate. Spectroscopic examination may now 
 be made of the solution for the two absorption 
 bands characteristic of hematoporphyrin. 
 G.'s Test for Uric Acid in the Blood, to 
 30 Cc. of serum add 0.5 Cc. of acetic acid, 
 and immerse a fine thread. The thread 
 becomes incrusted with uric-acid crystals. 
 This is obtained especially in gout, but also 
 in leukemia and chlorosis. 
 
 Garrot (gar'-ot) [Fr., garrotter, to bind]. An 
 
 instrument for compression of an artery by 
 twisting a circular bandage about the part. 
 
 Gartner's Canal, G.'s Duct. See Canal, 
 Gartner's. 
 
 Gartnerian Cyst. See Cyst, Gartnerian. 
 
 Gas [a word coined by the Belgian chemist, 
 van Helmont]. An air-like fluid. The word 
 is especially applied to those fluids that, 
 under normal conditions, are aeriform; while 
 those that can be readily condensed to liquids 
 are termed vapors. G., Clayton's, sulfurous 
 acid gas generated by means of the Clayton 
 furnace, for disinfection and for destroying 
 rats and other vermin. G.-eye, a peculiar 
 disease prevalent among the employes of the 
 gas-pumping stations in the natural gas 
 regions of the United States. The eyes 
 are inflamed, tender, and sensitive to light. 
 G., Laughing, nitrous oxid. G., Marsh-, 
 methane. G., Olefiant, ethylene. G., Per- 
 manent, a term formerly applied to those 
 gases, as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, that 
 were thought nonliquefiable. G., Phlogis- 
 ticated, nitrogen. 
 
 Gaseous (gas'-e-us). Of the nature of a gas. 
 
 Gaskaral-H (gas' -kar-al) . A proprietary as- 
 tringent and diuretic remedy. Dose if-2 
 oz. (50-60 Cc.) of the infusion (1 : 20). Syn., 
 Aghara. 
 
 Gasometric (gas-o-met' -rik) . Relating to the 
 measurement of gases. 
 
 Gasserectomy (gas-er-ek' -to-me) [gasserian gan- 
 glion; EKTOfir), excision]. Excision of the gas- 
 serian ganglion. 
 
 Gasserian Artery. 1. A branch given off 
 by the internal carotid to the gasserian gan- 
 glion. 2. A branch of the middle meningeal 
 artery to the gasserian ganglion. G. Gan- 
 glion, the ganglion of the sensory root of the 
 fifth cranial nerve. See Ganglion, Gasserian. 
 
 Gasterasthenia (gas-ter-as-the'-ne-ah) [yaorfjp, 
 stomach; asthenia]. Debility of the stomach. 
 
 Gasterhysterotomy (gas-ter-his-ter-ot'-o-me) . 
 See Gastrohysterotomy . 
 
 Gasteric (gas-ter'-ik). Same as Gastric. 
 
 Gasterin (gas'-ter-in). A preparation of the 
 gastric juice of dogs; it is used as is pepsin. 
 
 Gastou's Syndrome. Anesthetic prurigo, 
 sometimes observed in cases of alcoholism. 
 
 Gastralgia (gas-tral' -je-ah) [gastro-; aXyoc, pain]. 
 Paroxysmal pain in the stomach. 
 
 Gastraneuria (gas-trah-nu'-re-ah) [gastro-; 
 vsupov, a nerve]. Impaired or defective action 
 of the nerves of the stomach. 
 
 Gastraneurysma (gas-lra-nu-riz'-mah) . See 
 Gastrectasis. 
 
 Gastrasthenia (gas-tras-the-ne'-ah). See Gas- 
 terasthenia. 
 
 Gastratrophia (gas-tra-tro'-fe-ah) [gastro-; 
 axpo<f>'ca, atrophy]. Atrophy of the stomach. 
 
 Gastrectasis (gas-trek' -tas-is) [gastro-; enxaote, a 
 stretching out]. Dilation of the stomach. 
 
 Gastrectomy (gas-trek' -to-me) [gastro-; iicTOfjnf], 
 a cutting out]. Excision of the whole or a 
 part of the stomach. 
 
 Gastrelcoma (gas-lrel-ko'-mah) [gastro-; IXkoc, 
 ulcer]. A gastric ulcer. 
 
GASTRELCOSIS 
 
 441 
 
 GASTROENTEROPTOSIS 
 
 Gastrelcosis (gas-trel-ko' -sis) [see Gastrel- 
 coma]. Ulceration of the stomach. 
 
 Gastric (gas'-trik) [yaax-qp, stomach]. Pertain- 
 ing to the stomach. G. Artery. See under 
 Artery. G. Crisis, a severe paroxysmal attack 
 of pain in the stomach, accompanied by ob- 
 stinate vomiting, occurring in the course of 
 locomotor ataxia. G. Juice, the secretion 
 of the glands of the stomach. It is a clear, 
 colorless liquid, having an acid reaction and 
 a specific gravity of 1002.5, and containing 
 5 % of solid matter. A small amount — 0.2 
 to 0.4% — of hydrochloric acid and a ferment 
 called pepsin are the essential elements. It 
 digests proteids and precipitates the casein 
 of milk. G. Juice, Hydrochloric Acid in, 
 Maly's Theory of, that there occurs a re- 
 action between the phosphates and chlorids 
 of the blood which results in the formation 
 of HC1. This diffuses through the gastric 
 glands into the stomach. G. Juice, Psychic, 
 Pawlow's term for the gastric juice caused 
 to be secreted by simply showing food to 
 hungry animals. 
 
 Gastritis (gas-tri'-tis) [gastro-; crcg, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the stomach. It 
 may be acute or chronic, catarrhal, sup- 
 purative or phlegmonous, or diphtheric. 
 G., Atrophic, a chronic form with atrophy 
 of the mucous membrane. G., Croupous, 
 G., Diphtheric, G. membranacea, a rare 
 form, characterized by formation of a false 
 membrane and necrotic hyaline products 
 upon the mucosa. It may occur as an ex- 
 tension of pharyngeal diphtheria or secondary 
 to other infectious diseases. G., Hyper- 
 trophic, the early stage of chronic gastritis, 
 in which there is a hyperplasia of the mucous 
 membrane . G. , Phlegmonous , G. , Purulent , 
 G. submucosa, G., Suppurative, acute inter- 
 stitial suppurative inflammation of the stom- 
 ach-walls; it occurs as a circumscribed abscess 
 or as a diffuse purulent infiltration. G., Poly- 
 pous, G. polyposa, a form of chronic gas- 
 tritis characterized by a great overgrowth of 
 the connective tissue of the organ, giving 
 rise to polypoid projections of fibrous tissue 
 covered by epithelium. G., Toxic, G. 
 venenata, acute gastric inflammation due 
 to the ingestion of poisonous or corrosive 
 substances. 
 
 Gastro- (gas-tro-) [yaorrjp, stomach]. A prefix 
 denoting relation to the stomach. 
 
 Gastroadynamic (gas - tro - ah - din - am' - ik) 
 [gastro-; adhvap-oc, without strength]. Marked 
 by gastric symptoms and prostration. 
 
 Gastroanastomosis (gas-tro-an-as-to-mo'-sis) 
 [gastro-; anastomosis]. In hour-glass contrac- 
 tion, the formation of a communication be- 
 tween the two pouches of the . stomach. 
 Syn., Gastro gastrostomy. 
 
 Gastroataxic (gas-tro-ah-taks'-ik) . Character- 
 ized by gastric symptoms and ataxia. 
 
 Gastroatonia (gas-tro-at-o' -ne-ah) . Atonic dys- 
 pepsia. 
 
 Gastroblennorrhea (gas-tro-blen-or-e' -ah) . An 
 excessive formation of mucus in the stomach. 
 
 Gastrobrosis (gas-tro-bro'-sis) [gastro-; ftpaJotc, 
 a gnawing]. Perforating ulcer of the stomach. 
 
 Gastrocele (gas'-tro-sel) [gastro-; ki'jXt), hernia]. 
 A hernia of the stomach. 
 
 Gastrocnemius (gas-trok-ne r -me-us) . See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Gastrocolic (gas-tro-kol f -ik) [gastro-; koXov, the 
 colon]. Pertaining to the stomach and the 
 colon. G. Omentum, the great omentum. 
 
 Gastrocolitis (gas-tro-ko-li'-tis) [gastro-; koXov, 
 the colon; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the stomach and colon. 
 
 Gastrocolostomy (gas-tro-ko-los' -to-me) [gastro-; 
 koXov, the colon; oro/xa, mouth]. The for- 
 mation of a fistula between the stomach and 
 colon. 
 
 Gastrocolpotomy (gas - tro - kol - pot' - o - me) 
 [gastro-; koXtzoc, vagina; rqivecv, to cut]. The 
 operation of cesarean section in which the 
 opening is made through the linea alba into 
 the upper part of the vagina. 
 
 Gastrodiaphane (gas-tro-di' '-a} -an) [gastro-; dta, 
 through; <j>acveiv, to show]. A small electric 
 light introduced into the stomach in gastro - 
 diaphany. 
 
 Gastrodiaphany (gas-tro-di-af '-an-e) [see Gas- 
 trodiaphane]. A method of exploration of 
 the stomach by means of an electric lamp. 
 
 Gastrodidymus (gas-tro-did' -im-us) [gastro-; 
 d'idup.oc, double]. A double monster with one 
 abdominal cavity. 
 
 Gastroduodenal (gas-tro-du-od' -en-al) [gastro-; 
 duodenum]. Pertaining to the stomach and 
 the duodenum. 
 
 Gastroduodenitis (gas-tro-du-od-en-i' -tis) [gas- 
 tro-; duodenum; trig, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the stomach and duodenum. 
 
 Gastroduodenostomy (gas-tro-du-od-en-os' -to- 
 me) [gastro-; duodenum; orofia, mouth]. The 
 surgical formation of a fistula between the 
 stomach and duodenum. 
 
 Gastrodynia (gas-tro-din' -e-ah) [gastro-; doovq, 
 pain]. Pain in the stomach. 
 
 Gastroelytrotomy (gas-tro-el-it-rot'-o-me). See 
 Gastrocolpotomy . 
 
 Gastroenteralgia (gas-tro -en-ter-aV '-je-ah) [gas- 
 tro-; evrepov, bowel; aXyoc, pain]. Pain in the 
 stomach and bowel. 
 
 Gastroenteric (gas-tro-en-ter' -ik) [gastro-; 
 
 evrepov, bowel]. Pertaining to both stomach 
 and bowel. 
 
 Gastroenteritis (gas-tro-en-ter-i'-tis) [gastro-; 
 evrepov, bowel; crcc, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of stomach and bowel. 
 
 Gastroenterocolitis (gas-tro-en-ter-o-kol-i'-tis) 
 [gastro-; evrepov, bowel; koXov, colon; trcg, 
 inflammation]. Combined inflammation of 
 the stomach, small intestine, and colon. 
 
 Gastroenterocolostomy (gas-tro-en-ter-o-ko- 
 los'-to-me). The formation of a passage be- 
 tween the stomach, small intestine, and colon. 
 
 Gastroenteropathy (gas-tro-en-ter-op'-ath-e) 
 [gastro-; evrepov, bowel; TiaOog, disease]. Any 
 disease affecting the stomach and intestine. 
 
 Gastroenteroptosis (gas-lro-en-ter-o-to' -sis) 
 
 [gastro-; evrepov, bowel; izribatg, falling]. 
 Prolapse of the stomach and intestine. 
 
GASTROENTEROSTOMY 
 
 442 
 
 GASTROPHRENIC 
 
 Gastroenterostomy {gas-tro-en-ter-os' -to-me) 
 [gastro-; 'ivrspov, bowel; oxdjia, mouth]. 
 The formation of a communication between 
 the stomach and the small intestine. 
 
 Gastroenterotomy {gas-tro-en-ter-ot' -o-me) 
 
 [gastro-; 'ivrspov, bowel; xkpvicv, to cut]. 
 Incision of the intestine through the abdomi- 
 nal wall. 
 
 Gastroepiploic {gas-tro-ep-ip-lo'-ik) [gastro-; 
 kit'cnXoov, caul]. Pertaining to the stomach 
 and omentum. 
 
 Gastrogastrostomy {gas-lro-gas-tros' -to-me) . 
 The same as Gastroanastomosis. 
 
 Gastrograph {gas' -tro-graf) [gastro-; ypafyttv, to 
 write]. An apparatus for registering the 
 peristaltic movements of the stomach from the 
 outside. Syn., Gastrokineso graph. 
 
 Gastrohelcoma {gas-tro-hel-ko' -mah) . SeeGas- 
 trelcoma. 
 
 Gastrohelcosis {gas-tro-hel-ko' -sis). See Gas- 
 trelcosis. 
 
 Gastrohepatic (gas-tro-he-pat'-ik) [gastro-; 
 fjnap, the liver]. Relating to the stomach- and 
 liver. 
 
 Gastrohepatitis {gas-tro-hep-at-i'-tis) [gastro-; 
 hepatitis]. Gastritis and hepatitis occurring 
 simultaneously. 
 
 Gastrohyperneuria, Gastrohypernervia {gas- 
 tro-hi-per-nu' -re-ah, -ner'-ve-ah) [gastro-; urckp, 
 over; vsupov, a nerve]. Morbid activity of 
 the nerves of the stomach. Syn., Gastryper- 
 neuria. 
 
 Gastrohypertonic (gas-tro-hi-per-ton'-ik) [gas- 
 tro-; unip, over; xovoc, tone]. Relating to 
 morbid or excessive tonicity or irritability of 
 the stomach. 
 
 Gastrohyponeuria, Gastrohyponervia {gas- 
 tro-hi-po-nu' -re-ah, -ner'-ve-ah) [gastro-; bnb, 
 under; vsupov, a nerve]. Defective activity 
 of the nerves of the stomach. Syn., Gastrypo- 
 neuria. 
 
 Gastrohysterectomy (gas-tro-his-ter-ek' -to-me) 
 [gastro-; hysterectomy]. Removal of the 
 uterus through the abdominal wall. 
 
 Gastrohysteropexy {gas-tr o-his'-ter-o-peks-e) 
 [gastro-; uaxepa, the uterus; izfj^cc, a fasten- 
 ing]. Abdominal fixation of the uterus by a 
 surgical operation. 
 
 Gastrohysterotomy {gas-tro-his-ter-ot'-o-me) 
 [gastro-; uaxkpa, the uterus; Tkp.vs.iv, to cut]. 
 Incision of the uterus through the abdominal 
 wall, usually for the purpose of removing a 
 fetus; cesarean section. 
 
 Gastroid {gas'-troid) [gastro-; eldoc, likeness]. 
 Like a stomach. 
 
 Gastrointestinal {gas-tro-in-tes'-tin-al). See 
 Gastroenteric. 
 
 Gastrojejunostomy {gas-tro-jej -u-nos' -to-me) 
 [gastro-; jejunum; oxopa, mouth]. The 
 formation of a passage from the stomach to 
 the jejunum. 
 
 Gastrokinesograph, Gastrokynesograph 
 
 {gas-tro-kin-es' -o-graf) . See Gastrograph. 
 
 Gastrolienal {gas-tro-W -en-al) . See Gastro- 
 splenic. 
 
 Gastrolith {gas' -tro-lith) [gastro-; XWoc, a 
 
 stone]. A calcareous formation in the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gastrolithiasis {gas-lro-lith-i' -as-is) [gastro- 
 lith]. A morbid condition associated with 
 the formation of gastroliths. 
 
 Gastrologist {gas-troV -o-jist) [see Gastrology]. 
 A specialist in gastric disorders. 
 
 Gastrology {gas-troV -o-je) [gastro-; Xdyoc, 
 science], i. A treatise on the stomach. 2. 
 The sum of knowledge regarding the stomach 
 and its diseases. 
 
 Gastrolysis {gas-trol' -is-is) [gastro-; Xuocf, a 
 loosing]. The breaking-up of adhesions be- 
 tween the stomach and adjacent organs. 
 
 Gastromalacia {gas-tr o-mal-a' -she-ah) [gastro-; 
 fiaXatcta, softening]. An abnormal softening 
 of the walls of the stomach. 
 
 Gastromegaly {gas-tro-meg' -al-e) [gastro-; 
 peyaXfj, large]. Abnormal enlargement of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gastromelus {gas-trom' -el-us) [gastro-; pkXog, 
 a limb]. A monster with accessory limbs at- 
 tached to the abdomen. 
 
 Gastromenia {gas-tro-me' -ne-ah) [gastro-; p.i\v, 
 month]. Vicarious menstruation by the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gastrometrotomy {gas-tro-met-rot'-o-me). See 
 Laparohysterotomy. 
 
 Gastromucous {gas-tro-mu'-kus). Character- 
 ized by gastric disturbance and abnormal 
 secretion of mucus. 
 
 Gastromycosis {gas-tro-mi-ko'-sis) [gastro-; 
 fi'JKTjC, fungus]. Gastric disease due to in- 
 vasion of fungi. 
 
 Gastromyeloma {gas-tr o-mi-e-lo' -mah) [gastro-; 
 myeloma]. A medullary sarcoma of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gastromyxin {gas-tro-miks'-in). A proprie- 
 tary preparation of pepsin. 
 
 Gastronesteostomy {gas-tro-nes-te-os' -to-me) . 
 See Gastrojejunostomy . 
 
 Gastroneuria, Gastronervia {gas-tro-nu' -re- 
 ah, -ner'-ve-ah) [gastro-; veupov, nerve]. The 
 action of the nerves of the stomach. 
 
 Gastroomental {gas-tro-o-men' -tal) . See Gas- 
 troepiploic. 
 
 Gastroparalysis {gas-tr -par -al' -is-is) [gastro-; 
 paralysis]. Paralysis of the stomach. 
 
 Gastroparietal {gas-tro-pa-ri' -et-al) [gastro-; 
 parietal]. 1. Relating to the stomach-wall. 2. 
 Relating to the stomach and the abdominal 
 wall. 
 
 Gastropathy {gas-trop' -ath-e) [gastro-; nadog, 
 disease]. Any disease or disorder of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gastroperiodynia {gas-tro-per-e-o-din' -e-ah) 
 [gastro-; nzp'codoc, period; oduvq, pain]. 
 Periodic gastralgia. 
 
 Gastropexis, Gastropexy {gas-tr o-peks' -is, 
 gas'-tro-peks-e) [gastro-; nfj^cc, a fixing]. 
 The fixation of a displaced stomach in its 
 normal position by suturing it to the abdomi- 
 nal wall. 
 
 Gastrophrenic {gas-tro-fren'-ik) [gastro-; <£>pr]v, 
 diaphragm]. Relating to the stomach and 
 diaphragm. 
 
GASTROPLASTY 
 
 443 
 
 GAUZE 
 
 Gastroplasty (gas-tro-plas'-te) [gastro-; Ttkaooetv, 
 to form]. Plastic operation on the stomach. 
 
 Gastroplegia (gas-tro-ple' -je-ah) [gastro-; nX-qy-q, 
 stroke]. Paralysis of the stomach. 
 
 Gastroplication (gas-tro-pli-ka' -shun) [gastro-; 
 plicare, to fold]. An operation for relief of 
 chronic dilation of the stomach, consisting 
 in suturing a large horizontal fold in the 
 stomach-wall. 
 
 Gastroptosis (gas-tro-to' '-sis) [gastro-; ptosis]. 
 A prolapse or downward displacement of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gastropylorectomy (gas-tro-pi-lor-ek' -to-me) 
 [gastro-; pylorus; iKrofiq, excision]. Ex- 
 cision of the pyloric portion of the stomach. 
 
 Gastrorrhagia (gas-tro-ra'- je-ah) [gastro-; 
 pqyvovac, to break forth]. Hemorrhage from 
 the stomach. 
 
 Gastrorrhaphy (gas-tror'-a-fe) [gastro-; pa<f)-q, 
 suture], i. Suture of a wound of the stom- 
 ach or abdominal wall. 2. See Gastroplica- 
 tion. 
 
 Gastrorrhea (gas-tror-e' -ah) [gastro-; fro'ca, a 
 flow]. Excessive secretion of gastric mucus 
 or of gastric juice. 
 
 Gastroschisis (gas-lros f -kis-is) [gastro-; ai'iocc, 
 cleft]. A congenital malformation in which 
 the abdomen remains open. 
 
 Gastroscope (gas'-tro-skop) [gastro-; okotze'iv, 
 to see]. An instrument for examining the 
 interior of the stomach. 
 
 Gastroscopy (gas-tros'-ko-pe) [see Gastroscope]. 
 The inspection of the interior of the stomach 
 by means of the gastroscope. 
 
 Gastrosia (gas-tro'-ze-ah). See Gastroxia. 
 
 Gastrosplenic (gas-tro-splen'-ik) [gastro-; 
 spleen]. Relating to the stomach and the 
 spleen. 
 
 Gastrostegous (gas-tros'-te-gus) [gastro-; oxkyoc, 
 a roof]. Covering the stomach. 
 
 Gastrostenosis (gas-tro-ste-no' '-sis) [gastro-; 
 stenosis], A narrowing or stricture of the 
 stomach. 
 
 Gastrostomy (gas-tros' -to-me) [gastro-; oroua, 
 mouth]. The establishing of a fistulous 
 opening into the stomach. 
 
 Gastrosuccorrhea (gas-tro-suk-or-e' -ah) [gas- 
 tro-; succus, juice; poca, a flow]. Hyper- 
 secretion of the gastric juice. Gastrosuc- 
 corrhoea mucosa, an excessive secretion of 
 mucus by the gastric mucosa. 
 
 Gastrothoracodidymus (gas-tro-tho-rak-o-did '- 
 im-us) [gastro-; thorax; d'couuoc, a twin]. A 
 double monster united at the thorax and ab- 
 domen. 
 
 Gastrotome (gas'-tro-tom) [gastro-; to/itj, a 
 cutting]. A cutting instrument used in 
 gastrotomy. 
 
 Gastrotomy (gas-trot' v -o-me) [see Gastrotome]. 
 Incision of the abdomen or the stomach. 
 
 Gastrotoxin (gas-tro-toks'-in) [gastro-; to^ckov, 
 poison]. A cytolysin found in the stomach. 
 
 Gastrotrachelotomy (gas-tro-tra-kel-ot f -o-me) 
 [gastro-; Tpa.%eA.oc, neck; rifivecv, to cut]. 
 An operation differing from cesarean section 
 only in that the uterus is opened by a trans- 
 verse incision of the cervix. 
 
 Gastrotubotomy (gas-tro-tu-bot'-o-me). See 
 Laparosalpingotomy . 
 
 Gastroxia, Gastroxynsis (gas-troks'-e-ah, gas- 
 troks-in' -sis) [gastro-; 6£uc, acid]. Exces- 
 sive secretion of hydrochloric acid by the sto- 
 mach, a condition that characterizes a form 
 of dyspepsia. G. fungosa, that in which the 
 organic acids are due to mold-vegetation in 
 the stomach. 
 
 Gastrula (gas' -tru-lah) [yaozqp, stomach]. The 
 embryo at that stage of its development when 
 it consists of two cellular layers formed by 
 the invagination of the blastula. 
 
 Gastrulation (gas-tru-W -shun) [gastrula]. The 
 process of formation of the gastrula by the 
 invagination of the blastula. 
 
 Gastryperneuria (gas-trip-er-nu'-re-ah). See 
 Gastrohyperneuria . 
 
 Gastryperpathia (gas-trip-er-pa' -the-ah) [gas- 
 tro-; uitkp, over; nadoc, a disease]. Any 
 severe disease of the stomach. 
 
 Gastryponeuria (gas-trip-o-nu' -re-ah) . See 
 Gastrohyponeuria . 
 
 Gathering [AS., gaderung, a gathering]. A 
 collection of pus beneath the surface. 
 
 Gatism (gah'-tizm) [Fr., gdtisme, incontinence of 
 feces]. Rectal or vesical incontinence. 
 
 Gaucher's Disease. An affection described 
 by Gaucher as "primary epithelioma of the 
 spleen," but probably identical with splenic 
 anemia. 
 
 Gaultherase (gawl'-ther-az). An enzym found 
 in the bark of Betula lenta, in the leaves and 
 berries of Gaultheria procumbens, in the root 
 of Spircea ulmaria, and in several species of 
 Poly gala. It effects the hydrolysis of gaul- 
 therin, forming methyl-salicylic acid and 
 glucose. 
 
 Gaultheria (gawl-the' -re-ah) . The plant, G. 
 procumbens, the leaves of which yield a vola- 
 tile oil. G., Oil of (oleum gaultherice, U. S. 
 P.), contains 90% of methyl salicylate, and 
 is used in acute rheumatism and as a local 
 antiseptic. Dose 3-10 min. (0.2-0.65 Cc). 
 G., Oil of, Synthetic. See Methyl Salicy- 
 late. G., Spirit of (spiritus gaultherice, 
 U. S. P.), consists of oil of gaultheria, 5; 
 alcohol, 95 parts. It is used chiefly as a 
 flavoring agent. Dose 10-20 min. (0.65- 
 1.3 Cc). Syn., Teaberry; Winter green. 
 
 Gaultherin (gawl'-ther-in). 1. A glucosid ob- 
 tained from the bark of the black birch 
 (Betula lenta), which, by the action of alkali, 
 is converted into an oil almost identical 
 with the volatile oil of wintergreen. 2. A 
 sodium salt of methyl salicylate (artificial oil pf 
 wintergreen) in a nearly pure condition. 
 
 Gaultherolin (gawl-ther 1 '-ol-in) . Methyl sali- 
 cylate. 
 
 Gautier's Test for Carbon Monoxid. Carbon 
 monoxid has the power of decomposing iodic 
 anhydrid and forming CO L >, the iodin being 
 liberated and absorbed by copper. It is em- 
 ployed by Niclaux to show normal presence 
 of carbon monoxid in blood. 
 
 Gauze (gawz) [so called because first imported 
 from Gaza in Syria]. A thin, open-meshed 
 
GAVAGE 
 
 444 
 
 GEMINATE 
 
 cloth used for surgical dressings. When 
 impregnated with antiseptic substances, it is 
 called antiseptic gauze, or, according to the 
 substance used, it is spoken of as iodoform 
 gauze, sublimate gauze, etc. 
 
 Gavage (gav-ahzh) [Fr.j. The administration 
 of liquid nourishment through the stomach- 
 tube. 
 
 Gavard's Muscle. The oblique muscular 
 fibers of the walls of the stomach. 
 
 Gayet's Disease. A rare and fatal form of 
 narcolepsy somewhat resembling the African 
 sleeping-sickness . 
 
 Gay-Lussac's Law. See Law, Charles'. 
 
 (von) Gebhart's Test for Glucose. To 10 or 
 15 drops of urine add 10 Cc. of water and a 
 tablet containing sodium carbonate and ortho- 
 nitrophenylpropionic acid; warm carefully 
 for 2 or 4 minutes, and if sugar is present, the 
 mixture becomes greenish and then dark 
 indigo-blue. 
 
 Geigel's Reflex. The inguinal reflex in the 
 female, corresponding to the cremasteric reflex 
 in the male. 
 
 Geisoma, Geison (ji-so'-mah, ji'-son) [ye'caov, 
 anything projecting]. The superciliary ridge 
 of the frontal bone. 
 
 Geissler's Tube. A glass tube having a piece 
 of platinum wire sealed into it at each end. 
 
 Gelanthum (jel-an'-thum). A mixture of 
 gelatin, tragacanth, rose-water, and thymol 
 recommended as an ointment -vehicle. 
 
 Gratification (jel-at -if-ik-a' -shun). 1. The 
 production of gelatin. 2. See Gelification. 
 
 Gelatin (jel'-at-in) [gelare, to congeal]. An 
 albuminoid substance of jelly-like consistence, 
 obtained by boiling connective tissue in water. 
 G., Bone-, the gelatin extracted from osseous 
 tissue. G. Capsules, capsules of gelatin de- 
 signed for containing medicines of nauseating 
 taste. G. Culture, a culture-medium for 
 bacteria containing from 8 to 15% of gelatin, 
 in order to give it a solid consistence. G., 
 Glycerinated (gelatinum glycerinatum, U. 
 S. P.), a preparation of gelatin, glycerol, and 
 water. Used as a vehicle for suppositories 
 and bougies. Syn., Glycerin- jelly. G., Med- 
 icated, gelatin discs or lamellas mixed 
 with medicated substances. The gelatin 
 lamellas of the British Pharmacopeia contain 
 traces of alkaloids, for introduction into the 
 conjunctival sac. They are dissolved by the 
 tears, and the effects of the alkaloids are thus 
 obtained. 
 
 Gelatination (jet-at-in-a'-shun). See Gelifi- 
 
 , cation. 
 
 Gelatinif erous (jel -at- in - if -er- us) {gelatin; 
 ferre, to bear]. Producing gelatin. 
 
 Gelatiniform (jel-at'-in-if-orm) [gelatin; forma, 
 form]. Resembling gelatin. 
 
 Gelatinize (jel-af -in-lz) [gelatin]. To convert 
 into a jelly-like mass. 
 
 Gelatinosa (jel-at-in-o'-sah). Wilder's term 
 for the substantia gelatinosa. 
 
 Gelatinous (jel-af -in-us) [gelatin]. Resem- 
 bling or having the nature of gelatin. 
 
 Gelatol (jel'-at-ol). An ointment-base consist- 
 
 ing of a mixture of oil, glycerol, gelatin, and 
 water. 
 
 Gelatose (jel'-a-toz). A product of the action 
 of gastric juice on gelatin. It is capable of 
 osmosis. G. Silver. See Albargin. 
 
 Gelid (jel' -id) [gelidus, cold]. Ice-cold. 
 
 Gelification (jel-if-i-ka'-shun). Gelatinization; 
 the conversion of a substance into a jelly-like 
 mass. Syn., Gelatination. 
 
 Gelle's Test. The vibrations of a tuning-fork 
 placed in contact with a rubber tube, the 
 nozle of which is inserted into the meatus, 
 are distinctly perceived when the air is com- 
 pressed by pressure upon the bulb attached 
 to the tube. This does not occur when the 
 chain of ossicles is diseased. 
 
 Gelose (jel'-oz) [gelare, to freeze]. The gelatin- 
 izing principle of agar. 
 
 Gelotherapy, Gelototherapy (jel-o-ther'-ap-e, 
 jel-o-to-ther'-ap-e) [yeAav, to laugh; therapy]. 
 Treatment of disease by the induction of 
 laughter. 
 
 Gelsemin (jel'-sem-in) [gelsemium]. 1. A 
 resinoid from the root of Gelsemium sem- 
 pervirens; it is antipyretic, antispasmodic, 
 emmenagog, and narcotic. Dose J-i gr. 
 (0.008-0.065 Gm.). Unof. 2. A poisonous 
 alkaloid, C 12 H u N0 2 , from gelsemium; it is 
 sometimes employed locally in the eye for 
 the production of mydriasis. 
 
 Gelsemism (jeV -sem-izm) . Poisoning from the 
 use of Gelsemium sempervirens. In light 
 cases it is marked by dizziness, ptosis, and 
 weakness of the legs; in severe cases, by 
 tremor, anesthesia, and dyspnea. 
 
 Gelsemium (jel-sem' -e-um) [gelseminum, jas- 
 mine]. Yellow jasmine. The root of G. 
 sempervirens, the properties of which are 
 mainly due to a bitter alkaloid, gelsemin, 
 C 12 H 14 N0 2 , a powerful motor depressant, 
 antispasmodic, and diaphoretic. In toxic 
 doses it produces diplopia, extreme muscular 
 weakness, and anesthesia, death occurring 
 from asphyxia. Gelsemium is used in neu- 
 ralgia, especially in migraine, in dysmenor- 
 rhea, hysteria, chorea, delirium tremens, and 
 in malarial and typhoid fevers. G., Fluid- 
 extract of (fluidextractum gelsemii, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.3 Cc). G., 
 Tincture of (tinctura gelsemii, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 5-15 min. (0.3-0.9 Cc). 
 
 Gelsemperin (jel-sem' -per -in) . A preparation 
 from Gelsemium sempervirens. Dose |-i gr. 
 (0.008-0.065 Gm.). 
 
 Gely's Suture. An intestinal suture applied 
 by a thread with a needle at each end. 
 
 Gemellary (jem-el'-ar-e) [gemellus]. Relating 
 to or like twins. 
 
 Gemelliparous (jem-el-ip'-ar-us) [gemellus; 
 parere, to bring forth]. Bearing twins. 
 
 Gemellus (jem-el'-us) [dim. of geminus, a 
 twin]. Applied to one of two muscles, gemel- 
 lus superior and gemellus inferior; also to 
 the gastrocnemius muscle, on account of its 
 two heads of origin. 
 
 Geminate, Geminous (jem'-in-at, jem' -in-us) 
 [geminus, a twin]. In pairs. 
 
GEMMATION 
 
 445 
 
 GENTILITIOUS 
 
 Gemmation {jem-a f -shun) [gemmare, to put 
 forth buds]. Budding; a mode of reproduc- 
 tion seen in low forms of animal and vegetal 
 life, and characterized by the formation of a 
 small projection from the parent-cell, which 
 becomes constricted off and forms an inde- 
 pendent individual. 
 
 Gemmule (jem'-ul) [gemmula, dim. of gemma, 
 a bud]. A small bud. 
 
 Genal {je'-nal) [jkvug, the cheek]. Relating to 
 the cheek. 
 
 Genera (jen'-er-ah) [L.]. Plural of genus. 
 
 General (jen'-er-al) [genus, race]. Common 
 to a class; distributed through many parts; 
 diffuse. G. Anatomy, anatomy of the tissues 
 in general, as distinguished from special 
 anatomy, that dealing with special organs. 
 G. Paralysis, G. Paresis. See Paralysis, Gen- 
 eral. G. Pathology. See Pathology, General. 
 
 Generation (jen-er-a 1 '-shun) [generare, to be- 
 get], i. The act of begetting offspring. 2. 
 A period extending from the birth of an in- 
 dividual to the birth of his offspring, usually 
 estimated at a third of a century. G., Alter- 
 nate, the alternation of asexual with sexual 
 generation in the same species of animals or 
 plants, the offspring of one process differing 
 from that of the other. G., Asexual, re- 
 production without previous union of two 
 sexual elements; reproduction by fission or 
 gemmation. G., Organs of, those that are 
 functional in reproduction. G., Sexual, re- 
 production by the union of a male and a 
 female element. G., Spontaneous, the gen- 
 eration of living from nonliving matter. 
 
 Generic (jen-er'-ik) [genus, a kind]. Pertaining 
 to the same genus. 
 
 Genesial, Genesiac (jen-e'-ze-al, jen-e' -ze-ak) 
 [genesis]. Pertaining to generation. 
 
 Genesic, Genetic (jen-e'-zik, jen-et'-ik) [genesis]. 
 1. Pertaining to generation; producing. 2. A 
 drug acting on the genital apparatus. 3. A 
 disease affecting the genital organs. 
 
 Genesis (jen'-es-is) [jkveocc, production]. Be- 
 getting; development; origin; formation; 
 generation. 
 
 Genetous (jen'-et-us) [genesis]. Congenital. 
 
 Genial (je'-ne-al) [jkvecov, chin]. Pertaining to 
 the chin. G. Tubercles, four prominent tu- 
 bercles on the internal surface of the lower jaw. 
 
 Geniculate, Geniculated (jen-ik'-u-lat, -ed) 
 [geniculatus, with bended knee]. Abruptly 
 bent. G. Bodies, the corpora geniculata, two 
 oblong, flattened bodies, the external (pre- 
 geniculum) and the internal {postgeniculum) 
 geniculate bodies, on the posterior inferior part 
 of the optic thalamus. G. Ganglion. See 
 Ganglion, Geniculate. 
 
 Genib- (je-ne-o-) [ykvztov, chin]. A prefix 
 denoting connection with the chin. 
 
 Geniohyoglossus Muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Geniohyoid Muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Genion (je'-ne-on) [yhecov, chin]. The chin. 
 
 Genioplasty (je' ' -ne-o-plas-te) [genio-; TzXhooncv, 
 to form]. The operation of restoring the chin. 
 
 Genital (jen'-it-al) [genitalis, pertaining to 
 generation; from gignere, to beget]. Per- 
 
 taining to the organs of generation or to 
 reproduction. G. Eminence, G. Tubercle, 
 
 an elevation appearing about the sixth week 
 of embryonic life, in front of the cloaca, and 
 from which the penis or clitoris is developed. 
 G. Furrow. See Furrow, Genital. 
 
 Genitalia (jen-it-a' -le-ah) [genital]. The organs 
 of generation. In the male these consist of 
 two testicles or seminal glands, with their 
 excretory ducts, the prostate, the penis, and 
 the urethra. The female genitalia include 
 the vulva, the vagina, the ovaries, the fallo- 
 pian tubes, and the uterus. 
 
 Genitality (jen-it-al' -it-e) [genital]. Capacity 
 for taking part in generation. 
 
 Genito- (jen-it-o-) [genitalis, genital]. A pre- 
 fix denoting connection with or relation to the 
 genital organs. 
 
 Genitocrural (jen-it-o-kru'-ral). See under 
 Nerve. 
 
 Genitourinary (jen-it-o-w '-rin-a-re) . Relating 
 to the genitalia and the urinary organs. 
 
 Genius (je'-ne-us) [gignere, to beget]. Some 
 dominant, distinctive quality. G. epidemi- 
 cus. 1. The predominant characteristic of 
 an endemic or epidemic disease (inflam- 
 matory, catarrhal, etc.). 2. The totality of 
 conditions (atmospheric, supernatural, etc.) 
 which favor the prevalence of an endemic 
 or epidemic disease. G. morbi, the special 
 or predominant feature of a disease. 
 
 Gennari's Layer. See Baillarger's Layer. 
 
 Genoplasty (jen' -o-plas-le). See Genyplasty. 
 
 Gentele's Test for Gluqose. On the addition 
 of a glucose solution to a solution of potas- 
 sium ferricyanid rendered alkaline with caus- 
 tic soda or potash it is decolorized, with the 
 formation of potassium ferrocyanid on apply- 
 ing gentle, heat. Uric acid gives this same 
 reaction. 
 
 Gentian {jen' -she-an) [gentiana, gentian]. The 
 common name for species of Gentiana. The 
 gentian of the U. S. P. is the dried rhizome and 
 roots of Gentiana lutea, containing a neutral 
 bitter principle, gentiopicrin, C 20 H 30 O 12 , and 
 gentianin, or gentisin, C 14 H 10 O 5 . There are 
 several other species of gentian (G. purpurea, 
 G. catesbcei), very similar in action to G. 
 lutea. Gentian is an excellent tonic, simple 
 bitter. G., Extract of (extr actum gentiana, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
 G., Fluidextract of (fluidextt -actum genti- 
 ana, U. S. P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 G., Infusion of, Compound. Dose 1 dr- 
 t oz. (4-32 Cc). G., Tincture of, Com- 
 pound (tinctura gentiana composita, U. S. P.). 
 Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). G. -violet, a basic 
 anilin dye, staining tissues violet. 
 
 Gentianin (jen-she-an'-in). A crude bitter 
 substance from gentian; it is used as a tonic 
 in dyspepsia, hysteria, etc. Syn., Crude 
 gentianic acid; Crude gentisin. 
 
 Gentianose (jen' ' -she-an-oz), C 16 H 66 31 . A 
 crystallizable polysaccharid obtained from 
 gentian root. 
 
 Gentilitious (jen-til-ish' -us) [L., gentilicius]. 
 Peculiar to a family or race. 
 
GENU 
 
 446 
 
 GERM 
 
 Genu (je'-nu) [L., "the knee"], i. The knee. 
 2. Any structure bent like a knee, as the 
 genu of the corpus callosum or of the optic 
 tract. G. extrorsum, out-knee; outward 
 bowing of the knee; bowleg. G. recurva- 
 tum, the backward curvature of the knee- 
 joint. G. valgum, inward curving of the 
 knee; • knock-knee; in-knee. G. varum. 
 Same as G. extrorsum. 
 
 Genuclast (jen r -u-klast) [genu; nXaecv, to break]. 
 An instrument for breaking adhesions of the 
 knee-joint. 
 
 Genucubital {jen-u-ku' -bit-al) [genu; cubitus, 
 elbow]. Relating to or supported by the 
 knees and elbows. 
 
 Genupectoral (jen-u-pek' '-to-ral) [genu; pectus, 
 breast], i. Relating to the knee and the 
 chest. 2. Pertaining to the knee-chest posture 
 ; — the patient resting upon the knees and chest. 
 
 Genus (jen'-us) [L.]. A species or collection of 
 species having in common characteristics 
 differing greatly from those of other species. 
 
 Geny- (jen-e-) [yevug, jaw or cheek]. A prefix de- 
 noting relation to the jaw or the cheek. 
 
 Genyantrum, Genyantron (jen-e-an'-trum, 
 -iron) [geny-; avzpov, cave]. The maxillary 
 antrum or antrum of Highmore. 
 
 Genycheiloplasty (jen-e-ki' -lo-plas-te) [geny-; 
 %ecXoc, lip; TtXaooecv, to form]. Plastic 
 surgery of both cheek and lip. 
 
 Genyplasty {jen r -e-plas-te) [geny-; nXaoaecv, to 
 form]. An operation for restoring the cheek or 
 the jaw. 
 
 Geoform {je' -o-form) . A tasteless, odorless, 
 nontoxic compound of guaiacol and form- 
 aldehyd; it is used as an antiseptic. 
 
 Geophagism {je-of'-aj-izm) [yrj, earth; (frayelv, 
 to eat]. The practice of eating earth or clay. 
 
 Georget's Stupidity. Simple mental confusion 
 without hallucination or delusion. 
 
 Georgina Paper (jor-je'-nah). See Dahlia- 
 paper. 
 
 Geosote {je'-o-sot). See Guaiacol Valerate. 
 
 Geranium (jer-a' -ne-um) [yepdvcov, geranium]. 
 The geranium of the U. S. P. is the root of G. 
 maculatum, crane's-bill root, the properties of 
 which are due to tannic and gallic acids. It is 
 an astringent, useful in diarrhea, etc. G., 
 Fluidextract of {jluidextr actum geranii, U.-S. 
 P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Geratology {jer-at-ol'-o-je) [y^pac, old age; 
 Xeyscv, to speak]. 1. A department of biology 
 treating of the decadence and gradual ex- 
 tinction of a group of organisms. 2. See 
 "Gereology. 
 
 Gerdy, Fibers of. The superficial transverse 
 ligament of the fingers, a fibrous band bound- 
 ing the distal margin of the palm. G., Fon- 
 tanel of, an abnormal or supernumerary 
 fontanel existing between the two parietal 
 bones at the point at which the sagittal suture 
 ceases to be serrated and becomes nearly 
 rectilinear. G., Ligament of, the suspensory 
 ligament of the axilla that extends along the 
 lower border of the pectoralis major and 
 latissimus dorsi beneath the skin surrounding 
 the hollow of the axilla. G., Tubercle of, 
 
 a more or less pronounced elevation situated 
 anteroexternally to the tubercle of the tibia, 
 to which it is joined by a short ridge; it serves 
 for the attachment of the tibialis anticus. 
 
 Gereology, Geraeology {jer-e-oV '-o-je) [ffjpac, 
 old age; Xojoc, science]. The science of old 
 age; the structural changes and diseases in- 
 cident to it, its hygiene, etc. 
 
 Gerhardt's Change of Pitch. The tympanitic 
 sound heard over partly filled cavities is of a 
 lower pitch when the patient is sitting than 
 when he is lying down. G.'s Disease. See 
 Erythromelalgia. G.'s Reaction for Ace- 
 toacetic (Diacetic) Acid in the Urine, 
 a premonitory sign of diabetic coma. Treat- 
 ment with a solution of ferric chlorid causes 
 a gray precipitate, which is removed by fil- 
 tration; on the further addition of the reagent 
 a deep, Bordeaux-red color is produced, which 
 disappears on adding a few drops of sulfuric 
 acid. G.'s Sign. 1. A systolic bruit heard 
 between the mastoid process and spinal 
 column in cases of aneurysm of the vertebral 
 artery. 2. Incomplete filling of the external 
 jugular vein on the affected side, occasionally 
 seen in thrombosis of the transverse sinus. 
 3. A band of dulness on percussion, super- 
 imposed upon the normal precordial dulness, 
 about 3 cm. in width and extending toward 
 the left clavicle; it is observed in cases of 
 the persistence of the ductus arteriosus. 4. 
 The absence of the movement of the larynx 
 in dyspnea due to aneurysm of the aorta. 
 In dyspnea from other causes the excursions 
 of the larynx are extensive. G.'s Test for 
 Urobilin,, shake the urine with chloroform 
 to extract the urobilin; add to this chloroform 
 extract an iodin solution, and then a solution 
 of caustic potash; a green fluorescence will 
 result. 
 
 Gerhardt-Semon's Law. Certain central or 
 peripheral lesions of the recurrent laryngeal 
 nerve cause the vocal cord to assume a posi- 
 tion midway between adduction and abduc- 
 tion, the lesion of the nerve being insufficient 
 to destroy it and to provoke a complete paral- 
 ysis of the vocal cord (cadaveric position). 
 
 Gerlach's Network. The interlacing of the 
 dendritic processes of the ganglion-cells in 
 the gray matter of the spinal cord. The net- 
 work is only apparent, since the processes do 
 not anastomose, but are merely in contact or 
 contiguity. G.'s Tubal Tonsil, a mass of 
 adenoid tissue in the lower part of the 
 eustachian tube, particularly along its median 
 wall and about the pharyngeal orifice. G.'s 
 Valve, a circular valve sometimes existing at 
 the orifice of the vermiform appendix in the 
 cecum. 
 
 Gerlier's Disease. An endemic disease char- 
 acterized by vertigo, ptosis, paresis of the 
 extremities, and great depression. Syn., 
 Vertige paralysant. 
 
 Germ (jerm) [germen, sprig; offshoot]. 1. A 
 portion of matter capable of developing into 
 a living organism; a spore, seed, or embryo. 
 2. A bacterium. G,-area, the spot on an 
 
GERMAN MEASLES 
 
 447 
 
 GILLENIA 
 
 ovum where the development of the embryo 
 begins. G.-centers, Flemming's, the areas 
 in the adenoid tissue of the spleen and lym- 
 phatic glands in which leukocytes are formed. 
 G.s, Cohnheim's Tumor-, small aberrant 
 or heterotopic masses of embryonic tissue 
 from which newgrowths may originate. G.- 
 epithelium, a thickening on the ventromesial 
 aspect of the wolffian body, giving rise to 
 the male and female sexual elements. G.- 
 force, plastic or constructive force. G. -layer, 
 any one of the layers of a developing embryo. 
 G.-plasm, the reproductive or hereditary 
 substance of living organisms, which is passed 
 on from the germ-cell in which an organism 
 originates in direct continuity to the germ- 
 cells of succeeding generations. G. -ridge. 
 Same as G. -epithelium. G. Theory, the 
 doctrine of the origin of every organism from 
 a germ or germ -plasm; also the theory that 
 certain diseases are due to the development 
 of microorganisms in the body. 
 
 German Measles. See Rubeola. 
 
 Germander (jer-man' -der) [ME., germawnder]. 
 A popular name for plants of the labiate 
 genus Teucrium. 
 
 Germicidal (jer-mis-i' '-dal) [see Germicide]. 
 Destroying germs. 
 
 Germicide (jer' '-mis-Id) [germ; ccedere, to kill]. 
 An agent that destroys germs. 
 
 Germiletum (jer -mil-e' -turn) . An antiseptic 
 said to consist of a solution of borohydrofluoric 
 and borosalybenzoic acids, boroglycerol, and 
 formaldehyd, with potassium permanganate, 
 menthol, thymol, and aromatics. 
 
 Germinal (jer'-min-al) [germ]. Pertaining to 
 a germ or to the development of a tissue or 
 organ. G. Area. See Germ-area. G. Disc. 
 See Disc, Germinal. G. Membrane, the 
 blastoderm. G. Spot, the nucleolus of the 
 ovule. G. Vesicle, the blastodermic vesicle. 
 
 Germination {jer -min-a! -shun) [germinatio, 
 sprouting; budding]. Sprouting of a seed 
 or spore. 
 
 Germol (jer'-mol). A bactericidal preparation 
 analogous to cresol-. 
 
 Gerodermia (jer-o-der' -me-ah) . See Geromor- 
 phism. 
 
 Geromorphism (jer-o-mor'-fizm) [jT]pag, old 
 age; piopcfrrj, form]. The appearance of age 
 in a young person. 
 
 Gerontic (jer-on'-tik) [yepovTCKoc, belonging to 
 an old man]. Pertaining to old age. 
 
 Gerontin {jer -on' -tin). See under Leukomains, 
 Table of. 
 
 Gerontopia (jer-on-to'-pe-ah). See Presbyopia 
 
 Gerontoxon (jer-on-toks'-on) [yepcov, an old 
 man; tocov, a bow]. The arcus senilis. 
 
 Gerrard's Test for Glucose. To a 5 % solution 
 of potassium cyanid add Fehling's solution 
 until the blue color just commences to dis- 
 appear. On heating this solution to boiling 
 with one containing glucose, no precipitation 
 of cuprous oxid results, but the solution will 
 be more or less decolorized. 
 
 Gersuny's Paraffin Prosthesis. See under 
 Prosthesis. G.'s Symptom, a peculiar sen- 
 
 sation of adhesion of the mucosa of the bowel 
 to the fecal mass while pressure is made with 
 the tips of the fingers in cases of coprostasis. 
 
 Gestation {jes - ta' - shun) [gestare, to bear]. 
 Pregnancy. G., Abdominal, the form of 
 extrauterine gestation in which the product 
 of conception is developed in the abdominal 
 cavity. G., Double. 1. Twin pregnancy. 
 2. The coexistence of uterine and extrauterine 
 pregnancy. G., Ectopic. Same as G., Ex- 
 trauterine. G., Extrauterine, pregnancy 
 in which the product of conception is not 
 contained in the uterine cavity. 
 
 Ghee, Ghi [Hind.]. Butter clarified and lique- 
 fied by slow boiling and used as a base for 
 ointments and as a dressing for wounds. 
 
 Giacomini's Band. A grayish band, contin- 
 uous with the gyrus dentatus, which passes 
 from the cleft between the hippocampal and 
 uncinate gyruses transversely over the latter 
 and disappears on its ventricular surface. 
 
 Giant {ji'-ant) [y'cyac, giant]. A being or 
 organism abnormally large. G.-cell. See Cell, 
 Giant-. G.-fmger. Synonym of Macrodactyly. 
 
 Giantism (ji'-ant-izm). See Gigantism. 
 
 Gianuzzi's Cells, G.'s Crescents. See Cres- 
 cents of Gianuzzi. 
 
 Gibber (gib'-er) [gibbus, a hump]. A sac-like 
 enlargement. G. inferior thalami. See 
 Pulvinar. G. ulnae, the olecranon. 
 
 Gibbons' Hydrocele. Hydrocele with a 
 voluminous hernia. 
 
 Gibbosity {gib-os'-it-e) [gibbus]. The condition 
 of being humpbacked. 
 
 Gibbous (gib' -us) [gibbus]. Humpbacked. 
 
 Gibert's Pityriasis. Pityriasis rosea. 
 
 Gibson's Bandage. A bandage for fracture 
 of the lower jaw. 
 
 Giddiness (gid'-e-nes) [ME., gidi, dizzy]. A 
 sensation of whirling or unsteadiness of the 
 body; vertigo. 
 
 Gierke's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, Gierke's. 
 G.'s Respiratory Bundle. See Krause's 
 Respiratory Tract. 
 
 Gifford's Reflex. Contraction of the pupil, 
 occurring when a strong effort is made to 
 close the lids, which are kept apart. The 
 phenomenon is noted in a certain proportion 
 or normal eyes, but more frequently in cases 
 of reflex and accommodative iridoplegia, 
 especially in dementia paralytica, tabes, 
 partial or total blindness from diseases of the 
 optic nerve or retina, etc 
 
 Gigantism (ji-gan'-tizm) [ycyac, giant] Ab- 
 normal overgrowth or excessive size of the 
 whole or of part of the body. 
 
 Gigantoblast (ji - gan' -to - blast) [gigantism; 
 (Haoxdc, a germ]. A large nucleated red cor- 
 puscle, found in the blood in pernicious ane- 
 mia. 
 
 Gigantocyte (ji-ganf -o-sit) [gigantism; k'jxoc, 
 cell]. A large nonnucleated red blood-cor- 
 puscle. 
 
 Gill (Jit) [gillo, a flask]. A measure of capacity 
 containing one-fourth of a pint. 
 
 Gillenia (jil-e'-ne-ah) [after A. Gill, a, German 
 botanist]. A genus of rosaceous herbs. G. 
 
GILLENIN 
 
 448 
 
 GLAND 
 
 stipulated (bowman's root; Indian physic) and 
 G. trijoliala, of North America, are safe and 
 effective substitutes for ipecac. Dose of 
 fluidextract of G. trifoliata, as expectorant, 3-8 
 min. (0.2-0.5 Cc); mild emetic, 20-30 min. 
 (1.2-1.8 Cc). 
 
 Gillenin (jil'-en-in) [see Gillenia]. The active 
 principle of American ipecac. Dose 4-6 gr. 
 (0.26-0.4 Gm.). 
 
 Gilles de la Tourette's Disease. See under 
 Tourette. G. de la TVs Sign. See under 
 Tourette. 
 
 Gilvor (jil'-vor) [gilvus, pale yellow]. The 
 earthy complexion accompanying certain 
 forms of cachexia and dyscrasia. 
 
 Gimbernat's Ligament. See Ligament, Gim- 
 bernat's. 
 
 Gin (Jin) [OF., genevre, juniper]. Common 
 grain-spirit distilled and flavored with juniper- 
 berries. It is a stimulant and diuretic. 
 Spiritus juniperi compositus is its official sub- 
 stitute in the U. S. P. G.-drinker's Liver, 
 the liver of atrophic cirrhosis. 
 
 Ginger {jin'-jer). See Zingiber. 
 
 Gingiva (jin-ji' -vah) [L.]. The gum; the 
 vascular tissue surrounding the necks of the 
 teeth and covering the alveoli. 
 
 Gingival (jin'-jiv-al) [gingiva]. Pertaining to 
 the gums. G. Line, a line along the gums, 
 seen in chronic metallic poisoning, as the 
 blue line of lead. 
 
 Gingivitis (Jin-jiv'-i' -tis) [gingiva; cxcg, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the gums. 
 
 Ginglymus (gin'-glim-us). See Diarthrosis. 
 
 Ginseng (jin'-seng) [Chinese, jin-tsan, ginseng]. 
 The root of several species of Panax or At alia. 
 It has no other medicinal virtues than those 
 of a demulcent, but it has a wonderful repu- 
 tation in China, to which country most of 
 it is exported. 
 
 Giovannini's Disease. A rare form of nodular 
 disease of the hair caused by a fungus. 
 
 Giraldes' " Bonnet a Poll." Widening of 
 the cranium in the frontal region in chronic 
 hydrocephalus. G.'s Organ, the paradidymis, 
 a small, tubular organ found at the junction 
 of the spermatic cord and epididymis. It is a 
 remnant of some of the lower wolffian tubules, 
 and corresponds to the parovarium in the 
 female. 
 
 Giraldesian Organ. See Giraldes' Organ. 
 
 Giraud-Teulon's Law. See Law, Giraud-Teu- 
 lon's. 
 
 Girdle {gir'-dl) [AS., gyrdel, a waistband]. A 
 band designed to go around the body; a 
 structure resembling a circular belt or band. 
 G.-pain, a sensation as if a girdle were 
 drawn tightly around the body. G., Pelvic, 
 the bones (the two ossa innominata) form- 
 ing the support for the lower limbs. G.-sen- 
 sation. Same as G.-pain. G., Shoulder-, 
 the system of bones supporting the upper 
 limbs or arms. 
 
 Githagism (gith'-a-jism) [gith, a black-seeded 
 plant; agere, to carry]. The condition of 
 chronic poisoning produced in man and 
 animals attributed to the seeds of the corn- 
 
 cockle (Lychnis githago), which often find 
 their way into cereal foods. 
 
 Giuffrida-Rugieri's Stigma of Degenera- 
 tion. The absence or incompleteness of the 
 glenoid fossa. 
 
 Gizzard (giz'-ard) [L., gigeria, the cooked 
 entrails of poultry]. The strong muscular 
 stomach of birds used for triturating the food. 
 A proprietary substance, ingluvin, prepared 
 from it, has been used in dyspepsia. 
 
 Glabella, Glabellum (gla-bel'-ah, -urn) [dim. of 
 glaber, smooth]. The smooth triangular 
 space between the eyebrows, just above the 
 root of the nose. 
 
 Glabrification (gla-bri-fi-ka'-shun) [glaber, 
 smooth; facer e, to make]. The process of 
 becoming smooth, glistening, and hairless. 
 
 Glabrificins (gla-brif -is-ins) . See Antibodies. 
 
 Glacial (gla' -she-al) [glades, ice]. Icy; re- 
 sembling ice in appearance, as glacial acetic 
 or phosphoric acid. 
 
 Gladiolin (glad-i' -o-lin) [gladiolus']. An alkaloid 
 in brain tissue. 
 
 Gladiolus (glad-e-o' -lus) [dim. of gladius, a 
 sword]. The middle or second piece of the 
 sternum. 
 
 Glairin {glar' -in) [OF., glair e, the white of 
 egg; from clarus, clear]. A peculiar organic, 
 gelatinous substance found on the surface of 
 some thermal waters Syn., Baregin. 
 
 Glairy (gldr'-e) [see Glairin]. Slimy; albuminous. 
 
 Gland [glans, an acorn]. 1. An organ which 
 secretes something essential to the system or 
 excretes waste materials the retention of 
 which would be deleterious to the body. The 
 word is also applied to structures which were 
 formerly thought to secrete, as the suprarenal 
 capsules, the pineal gland, etc., but which 
 have no visible secretion. In structure glands 
 may be tubular or racemose, simple or com- 
 pound. 2. The bulbous end of the penis and 
 clitoris. G.s, Absorbent. See G.s, Lymphatic. 
 G., Accessory Thyroid, a small mass of 
 gland-tissue connected with the thyroid 
 gland. G., Acinous. See G., Racemose. 
 G., Admaxillary, an accessory parotid or 
 salivary gland. G.s, Agminated. See Peyer's 
 Glands. G.s, Axillary, the lymph-glands 
 situated in the axilla. G. of Bartholin, a small 
 gland on each side of the vagina, opening 
 through a duct, on the inner side of the nym- 
 pha; the vulvovaginal gland. G.s, Blood-. 
 See G.s, Hematopoietic. G.s, Bronchial, the 
 lymph-glands of the root of the bronchi. 
 G.s, Brunner's, the racemose glands found 
 in the wall of the duodenum. G.s, Bulboure- 
 thral. See Cowper's Glands. G.s, Cabelli's, 
 a ring of mucous glands in the mucosa of the 
 esophagus, just above the cardia. G.s, Ceru- 
 minous, the glands secreting the cerumen 
 of the ear. G.s, Cervical, the lymph-glands 
 of the neck. G.s, Clapton-Havers'. See 
 Havers' Glands. G., Coccygeal, a small 
 vascular body at the tip of the coccyx. Syn., 
 Luschka's gland. G., Compound, one 
 composed of a number of small pouches; a 
 gland the duct of which is branched. G., 
 
GLAND 
 
 449 
 
 GLANDULA 
 
 Conglobate. See G.s, Lymphatic. G.s, 
 Cowper's. See Cowper's Glands. G., Ductless, 
 
 a gland without a duct, as the suprarenal 
 capsule. In reality ductless glands are not 
 true glands. G., Duodenal. See G.s, Brun- 
 ner's. G., Duverney's. See G. of Bartholin. 
 G.s, Fraenkel's, minute glands opening 
 immediately below the edge of the vocal 
 cords. G.s, Gley's. G.s, Parathyroid. G.s, 
 Havers', G.s, Haversian. See Havers' 
 Glands. G.s, Hematopoietic, the socalled 
 glands that are supposed to take part in 
 the formation of the blood, as the spleen, 
 thymus, suprarenal capsules, etc. G.s, He- 
 molymph, certain glands occurring chiefly 
 in the retroperitoneal region. They are 
 intermediate between the spleen and ordi- 
 nary lymph-glands. Their function is mainly 
 hemolytic. There are two types to which 
 the names splenolymph and manolymph 
 or marrow-lymph are applied. G., Hu- 
 guier's. See G. of Bartholin. G.s, Integu- 
 mentary, the sebaceous and sudoriparous 
 glands. G.s, Intercapsular, a long, nar- 
 row, paired organ, found in the human embryo, 
 corresponding in position and general appear- 
 ance to the hibernating glands of the lower ani- 
 mals, but from its inner lymphoid structure it 
 is supposed to be a hemolymph gland; no trace 
 of it persists to adult life. G.s, Intestinal, 
 Solitary, the isolated lymph-glands distrib- 
 uted through the intestinal mucous mem- 
 brane. G., Lacrimal, a compound racemose 
 gland in the upper and outer portion of the 
 orbit, the function of which is to secrete the 
 tears. G.s of Lieberkiihn. See Crypts of 
 Lieberkuhn. G.s of Littre, G.s of Morgagni, 
 the small racemose muciparous glands in 
 the mucous membrane of the urethra. G., 
 Luschka's. See Luschka's Gland. G.s, Lym- 
 phatic, small oval masses of lymphatic tissue 
 in the course of lymphatic vessels. Their 
 functions are to act as filters to the blood, 
 retaining foreign particles, and also to form 
 white corpuscles. G.s, Mammary, the glands 
 that secrete milk. G., Manolymph, G., 
 Marrow-lymph, a variety of hemolymph 
 gland. G.s,Manz\ See Manz's Glands. G.s, 
 Meibomian, the minute sebaceous follicles 
 between the cartilage and conjunctiva of the 
 eyelids. G.s, Montgomery's, the sebaceous 
 glands of the areola of the breast. G.s, 
 Muciparous, G.s, Mucous, the glands in 
 mucous membranes secreting mucus. G.s, 
 Parathyroid, small lymphatic glands lying 
 near the thyroid, but differing from it in 
 histologic structure and not accessory to it. 
 Syn., Gley's glands; Sandstroem' s glands. 
 G., Parotid, a large salivary gland situated 
 in front of the ear. G.s, Peptic. See Peptic 
 Glands. G.s, Peyer's. See Peyer's Glands. 
 G., Pineal. See Pineal Gland. G., Pitui- 
 tary, a term for the hypophysis of 
 the brain. G., Prostate. See Prostate 
 Gland. G.s, Pyloric, the glands of the 
 stomach situated near the pylorus and 
 3° 
 
 secreting pepsin. G., Racemose, a gland 
 composed of a number of acini communicat- 
 ing with several excretory ducts, which usu- 
 ally join to form a common duct. G. , Rivini's. 
 See G.s, Sublingual. G., Salivary, a gland 
 that secretes saliva. G.s, Sandstroem's. 
 See G.s, Parathyroid. G.s, Schiiller's, 
 urethral glands, diverticulums of Gartner's 
 ducts. G.s, Sebaceous, the glands in the 
 corium of the skin, secreting sebum. G., 
 Seminal, the testicle. G., Serous, a secreting 
 gland, the cells of which are granular and 
 spheric in form, with central nuclei, and which 
 secrete a thin, watery fluid. G., Skene's. 
 See Skene's Gland. G.s, Splenolymph, 
 certain hemolymph glands intermediate 
 between the spleen and ordinary lymph- 
 glands. G.s, Sublingual, the smallest of the 
 salivary glands, situated one on each side 
 beneath the tongue. G., Submaxillary, a 
 salivary gland situated below the angle of 
 the jaw. G.s, Sudoriparous, the convoluted 
 glands in the skin that secrete sweat. G., 
 Suzanne's. See Suzanne's Gland. G., Thy- 
 mus. See Thymus.. G., Thyroid. See 
 Thyroid. G., Tiedemann's. See G. 
 of Bartholin. G., Tubular, a gland having 
 a tube-like structure. G., Tubular, Com- 
 pound, one composed of a number of small 
 tubules with a single duct. G., Urethral. 
 See G.s of Littre. G., Vaginal, one of the 
 glands in the vaginal mucous membrane. 
 G., Virchow's. See Virchow's Gland. G., 
 Vulvovaginal. See G. of Bartholin. G.s, 
 Waldeyer's, modified sudoriparous glands, 
 located at the attached border of the tarsal 
 plates of the eyelids. G.s, Wasmann's, 
 the peptic glands. G.s, Willis', the corpora 
 albicantia. 
 
 Glanderous {glan r -der-us) [glanders]. Affected 
 with glanders. 
 
 Glanders {glan'-derz) [gland]. A contagious 
 disease of horses and asses, but communic- 
 able to man, and due to the bacillus of 
 glanders or Bacillus mallei. It appears in 
 two forms — as glanders proper, when affecting 
 the mucous membranes, and as farcy, when 
 limited to the skin and lymphatic glands. 
 On mucous membranes, especially the nasal, 
 it manifests itself as isolated nodules which 
 coalesce and break down into deep ulcers 
 that involve the cartilages and bones. It is 
 apt to extend down to the lungs and give rise 
 to suppuration and pneumonic processes. In 
 man the disease usually runs an acute febrile 
 course, typhoid in type, and terminates 
 fatally. Farcy is characterized by nodules 
 {farcy-buds) in the skin and lymphatic glands, 
 which break down into irregular chronic 
 ulcers. 
 
 Glandiform {glan' -de-form) [gland; forma, form]. 
 r. Acorn-shaped. 2. Adenoid. 
 
 Glandilemma (glan-dil-em' '-ah) [gland; Ikp-iia, 
 husk]. The capsule of a gland. 
 
 Glandula, Glandule (glan'-du-lah, glan'-dul) 
 [L.]. A little gland. 
 
GLANDULAR 
 
 450 
 
 GLISCHROBACTERIUM 
 
 Glandular (glan'-du-lar) [glandula]. Relating 
 to, or of the nature of, a gland. 
 
 Glandulen (glan' -du-len) . A preparation of 
 the bronchial glands of sheep, used in the 
 treatment of tuberculosis. Dose 12-20 gr. 
 (0.77-1.3 Gm.) 3 times daily, 
 
 Glanduliform (glan-du'-le-form). Shaped like 
 a gland. 
 
 Glans (glanz) [L., "an acorn"]. An acorn- 
 shaped body. G. clitoridis, the rounded 
 end of the clitoris, analogous to the glans 
 penis of the male. G. penis, the conic body 
 forming the head of the penis. 
 
 Glaserian Artery. The tympanic artery. 
 G. Fissure, the glenoid or petrotympanic 
 fissure, which divides transversely the glenoid 
 fossa of the temporal bone. 
 
 Glasgow's Sign. A systolic sound in the 
 brachial artery, heard in latent aneurysm of 
 the aorta. 
 
 Glass (glas) [AS., glees]. 1. A brittle, hard, 
 transparent substance, consisting usually 
 of the fused amorphous silicates of potassium 
 and calcium, or sodium and calcium, with 
 an excess of silica. 2. Any article made of 
 glass. G., Crown-, a very hard glass, is a 
 silicate of sodium and calcium. G., Flint-, 
 that composed of lead and potassium silicates. 
 G., Soluble, potassium or sodium silicate, 
 used as a substitute for plaster-of-paris. 
 G.-Wool, white, silky threads obtained by 
 the action of a powerful blast on a falling 
 stream of molten glass; it is used in draining 
 wounds and in filtering strong acids and 
 alkalis. Syn., Slag-wool. 
 
 Glasses (glas'-es) [see Glass]. The popular term 
 for spectacles or eye-glasses. G., Bifocal, 
 those that have a different refracting power 
 in the upper part from that in the lower; the 
 effect is usually produced by the superposition 
 of segment lenses. G., Prismatic, those 
 formed of prisms; used in insufficiency and 
 paralysis of the ocular muscles. 
 
 Glauber Salt (glaw'-ber) [from Glauber, a Ger- 
 man chemist]. Sodium sulfate. 
 
 Glaucoma (glaw-ko' -mah) [yXaoKoc, sea-green]. 
 A disease of the eye characterized by height- 
 ened intraocular tension, resulting in hardness 
 of the globe, excavation of the papilla or optic 
 disc, a restriction of the field of vision, corneal 
 anesthesia, colored halo about lights, and 
 lessening of visual power that . may proceed 
 to blindness. The etiology is obscure. G. 
 absolutum, G. consummatum, the com- 
 pleted glaucomatous process when the eyeball 
 is exceedingly hard and totally blind. G. 
 hsemorrhagicum, that associated with retinal 
 hemorrhage. Syn., G. apoplecticum. G., Sec- 
 ondary, that consequent upon other ocular 
 diseases. G. simplex, that form without 
 inflammatory symptoms. 
 
 Glaucomatous (glaw-kom' '-at-us) [see Glau- 
 
 . coma]. Affected with or pertaining to glau- 
 coma. 
 
 Gleet (gist) [AS., glidan, to glide]. The chronic 
 stage of urethritis, characterized by a slight 
 mucopurulent discharge. 
 
 Gleety (gle'-te) [gleet]. Resembling the dis- 
 charge of gleet. 
 
 Glenard's Disease. Enteroptosis; abdominal 
 ptosis. 
 
 Glenohumeral (gle-no-hu 1 '-mer-al) [glenoid; 
 humerus]. Pertaining to the glenoid cavity 
 and the humerus. G. Ligaments, three 
 ligaments of the capsule of the shoulder- 
 joint. 
 
 Glenoid (gle'-noid) [fXrjvr), a cavity; eldoc, 
 likeness]. Having a shallow cavity; resem- 
 bling a shallow cavity or socket. G. Cavity, 
 the depression in the scapula for the reception 
 of the head of the humerus. G. Fissure. 
 See Glaserian Fissure. G. Fossa, a depres- 
 sion in the temporal bone for articulation with 
 the condyle of the lower jaw. 
 
 Gley's Glands. The parathyroid glands. 
 
 Glia (gli'-ah) [yX'ca, glue]. The neuroglia. 
 
 Gliabacteria (gli-ah-bak-te' -re-ah) [glia; bac- 
 teria]. Bacteria in the zooglea stage, em- 
 bedded in a gelatinous matrix. 
 
 Gliacyte (gW -ah-sit) [glia; kuzoc, cell]. A 
 neuroglia cell. 
 
 Gliadin (gli'-ad-in) [glia]. A proteid found 
 in wheat-gluten. 
 
 Gliococcus (gli-o-kok'-us) [glia; kokkoc, a 
 berry]. A micrococcus invested with a gel- 
 atinous envelop. 
 
 Glioma (gli-o'-mah) [glia; ofia, a tumor]. A 
 tumor composed of neuroglia cells, and 
 occurring in the brain, spinal cord, retina, 
 nerves, and suprarenal capsules. In the 
 brain it closely resembles the brain-substance, 
 but is usually more gelatinous and darker. 
 In the retina it is often combined with sar- 
 coma (glio sarcoma). It may also be com- 
 bined with fibroma, myxoma, and neuroma. 
 The last combination is known as neurogli- 
 oma ganglionar e. 
 
 Gliomatosis (gli-o-mat-o' -sis) [glioma]. The 
 development of exuberant masses of glioma- 
 like tissue in the nerve -centers. It is seen 
 in the spinal cord in some cases of syringo- 
 myelia. 
 
 Gliomatous (gli-o' '-mat-us) . Of the nature of, 
 or affected with, glioma. 
 
 Gliomyoma (gli-o-mi-o' -mah) . Glioma com- 
 bined with myoma. 
 
 Gliomyxoma (gli-o-miks-o' -mah) . A glioma 
 with a mucoid degeneration. 
 
 Glioneuroma (gli-o-nu-ro' -mah) . See Neu- 
 roglioma, Ganglionar. 
 
 Gliosarcoma (gli-o-sar-ko' -mah) . A tumor 
 having the neuroglia cells of glioma and the 
 fusiform cells of sarcoma. 
 
 Gliosis (gli-o' -sis) [glia; vooog, disease]. A 
 brain disease marked by foci of sclerosed 
 gray substance, with the formation of lacunar 
 spaces within the foci. It differs from ordin- 
 ary diffused sclerosis. G. cervicalis, syringo- 
 myelia. 
 
 Glischrin (glis'-krin). Malerba's name for a 
 nitrogenous mucus formed in urine by Bac* 
 terium gliscrogenum. 
 
 Glischrobacterium (glis - kro - bah - te'-re - um) 
 [yX'coxpoc, viscid; bacterium]. The micro- 
 
GLISCHROGENOUS 
 
 451 
 
 GLOSSOMANTEIA 
 
 organism Bacterium gliscrogenum, causing 
 mucous degeneration of the urine. 
 
 Glischrogenous (glis-kroj'-en-us) [j-Xcoxpoc, 
 viscid; yevvav, to produce]. Giving rise to 
 viscidity. 
 
 Glisson's Capsule. The interlobular connec- 
 tive tissue of the liver, enveloping the portal 
 vein, hepatic artery, and hepatic duct. 
 
 Glissonian Cirrhosis. Perihepatitis. 
 
 Glissonitis (glis-on-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
 Glisson's capsule. 
 
 Globin (glo'-bin) [globus]. A proteid derived 
 from hemoglobin. 
 
 Globomyeloma (glo-bo-mi-el-o' '-mah) [globus; 
 myeloma]. A round-celled sarcoma. 
 
 Globular Value. The relative amount of 
 hemoglobin contained in a red corpuscle. 
 It is a fraction of which the numerator is 
 the percentage of hemoglobin and the de- 
 nominator the percentage of corpuscle. 
 
 Globularetin, Globularrhetin (glob-u-lar-e f - 
 tiri), C 12 Hj 4 3 . A decomposition-product of 
 globularin by the action of dilute acids. It 
 is a powerful diuretic, stimulates the secretion 
 of bile, and in large doses causes acute irrita- 
 tion of the intestine. It is used with globu- 
 larin in gout. Dose f gr. (0.038 Gm.). 
 
 Globularin (glob-u-lar'-in), C 30 H 44 O H . A glu- 
 cosid from the leaves of Globular ia alypum. 
 Its action upon the heart and nervous sys- 
 tem is similar to that of caffein, while it 
 diminishes the quantity and specific gravity 
 of the urine and its contained urates and uric 
 acid. It is used in connection with globula- 
 retin in gout, rheumatism, etc. 
 
 Globule (glob' -ill) [dim. of globus]. A 
 small spheric particle, as a blood-corpuscle 
 or lymph-corpuscle; also a small pill or 
 pellet. G.s, Directing, G.s, Directive, 
 G.s, Extrusion, G.s, Polar. See Bodies, 
 Direction. 
 
 Globulicidal (glob-u-lis'-i-dal) [globule; ccedere, 
 to kill]. Destructive to the blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Globulin (glob' -u-lin) [globule]. 1. A gen- 
 eral name for various proteids compris- 
 ing globulin, vitellin, paraglobulin or 
 serum-globulin, fibrinogen, myosin, and glo- 
 bin, which differ from the albumins in not 
 being soluble in water, but soluble in dilute 
 neutral saline solutions. These solutions are 
 coagulated by heat and precipitated by a 
 large amount of water. 2. Specifically, a 
 proteid found in the crystalline lens. See 
 Hammarsten, Pohl. 
 
 Globulinuria (glob-u-lin-u'-re-ah) [globulin; 
 obpov, urine]. The presence of globulin in 
 the urine. 
 
 Globus (glo'-bus) [L.]. A ball or globe. G. 
 hystericus, the "lump" or choking sensation 
 occurring in hysteria, caused probably by 
 spasmodic contraction of the esophageal and 
 pharyngeal muscles. G. major, the larger 
 end or head of the epididymis G. minor, 
 the lower end of the epididymis. 
 
 Glomer (glo'-mer) [glomus]. A conglomerate 
 gland. 
 
 Glomerate (glom' - er - at) [glomerare, to wind 
 
 around]. Rolled together like a ball of 
 thread. 
 
 Glomerule, Glomerulus (glom'-er-ul, glom- 
 er-u'-lus) [dim. of glomus]. 1. A small 
 rounded mass. 2. A coil of blood-vessels 
 projecting into the expanded end (Bowman's 
 capsule) of each uriniferous tubule, and with 
 it composing the malpighian body. G. of 
 the Pronephron. See Glomus (1). G.s of 
 the Spleen, round masses of lymphoid tissue 
 developed in the adventitia of the arteries 
 of the spleen. 
 
 Glomerulitis (glom-er-u-W -tis) [glomerule; 
 ctcc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 glomerules of the kidney. 
 
 Glomerulonephritis (glom-er-u-lo-ne}-ri f -tis) 
 [glomerule ; ve<j)p6<;, the kidney; txcc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the malpighian 
 bodies of the kidney. 
 
 Glomus (glo'-mus) [L., "a ball"; pi., glomeres]. 
 1. A fold of the mesothelium arising near 
 the base of the mesentery in the pronephron, 
 and containing a ball of blood-vessels. Syn., 
 Glomerule of the pronephron. 2. The part of 
 the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle 
 which covers the thalamus. Syn., Glomus 
 chorioideum. 
 
 Glonoin (glon' -o-in) [from Gl = glyceryl; 
 O = oxygen; N = nitrogen, in the formula 
 G10 3 (N0 2 ) 3 , in which Gl stands for glyceryl]. 
 Nitroglycerin.* 
 
 Glonoinism, Glonoism (glon'-o-in-izm, glon'- 
 o-izm) [glonoin]. Intoxication by nitro- 
 glycerin. 
 
 Glossal (glos'-al) [yXtoooa, tongue]. Pertaining 
 to the tongue. 
 
 Glossalgia (glos-al'-je-ah) [glossa; aXyog, pain]. 
 Pain in the tongue. 
 
 Glossectomy (glos-ek'-to-me) [glossa; hxop.^, 
 excision]. Amputation or excision of the 
 tongue. 
 
 Glossitis (glos-i'-tis) [glossa; txcc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the tongue. G. scle- 
 rosa, fibroplastic cellular infiltration of the 
 tongue, producing a sclerosis. 
 
 Glosso- [yXuJeoa, tongue]. A prefix signifying 
 the tongue. 
 
 Glossodynamometer (glos-o-di-nam-om' -et-er) . 
 An apparatus for estimating the capacity of 
 the tongue to resist pressure. 
 
 Glossoepiglottidean (glos-o-ep-e-glol-id' '-e-an) 
 [glosso-; epiglottis]. Pertaining to both tongue 
 and epiglottis. 
 
 Glossograph (glos'-o-graf) [glosso-; ypafesv, 
 to write]. An instrument for registering the 
 movements of the tongue in speech. 
 
 Glossohyal, Glossohyoid (glos - o - hi' -al, - oid) 
 [glosso-; hyoid]. Pertaining to the tongue and 
 the hyoid bone. 
 
 Glossolabial (glos-o-la' -be-al) [glosso-; labium, 
 lip]. Relating to the tongue and lips. 
 
 Glossolabiolaryngeal Paralysis (glos-o-la-be-o- 
 lar-in' -je-al) . See Bulbar Paralysis. 
 
 Glossology (glos-ol'-o-je) [glosso-; XSyoc, a treat- 
 ise]. A treatise concerning the tongue. 
 
 Glossomanteia, Glossomantia (glos-o-man f - 
 te-ah) [glosso-; p.avxeca, divination]. Progno- 
 
GLOSSOPALATINE 
 
 452 
 
 GLUTEN 
 
 sis of a disease based on the appearance of the 
 tongue. 
 
 Glossopalatine (glos -o- pal'- at - en) [glosso-; 
 palatum, palate]. Relating to the tongue 
 and the palate. 
 
 Glossopalatinus (glos -o -pal- at -i' -nus). See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Glossopathy (glos-of -ath-e) [glosso-; rcadoc, 
 disease]. Any disease of the tongue- 
 
 Glossopeda (glos-o-pe' '-dah) [glosso-; pes, foot]. 
 Synonym of Foot-and-mouth disease. 
 
 Glossopharyngeal (glos-o-}ar-in r -je-al) [glosso-; 
 pharynx], i. Pertaining to the tongue and 
 the pharynx. 2. Pertaining to the glosso- 
 pharyngeal nerve. 
 
 Glossophytia (glos-o-fl' -te-ah) [glosso-; (j>uzov, 
 a growth]. A dark discoloration of the 
 tongue, due to the accumulation of spores and 
 dead epithelium. Syn., Black tongue. 
 
 Glossoplegia (glos-o-ple' -je-ah) [glosso-; nl-qy-q, 
 stroke]. Paralysis of the tongue. 
 
 Glossospasm (glos'-o-spazm) [glosso-; o7caojj.dc, 
 spasm]. Spasm of the tongue. 
 
 Glossotrichia (glos-o-trik' -e-ah) [glosso-; 6pi£, 
 hair]. Hairy tongue. 
 
 Glossy Skin. A peculiar shining condition 
 of the skin, due to trophic changes follow- 
 ing injury or disease of the cutaneous 
 nerves. 
 
 Glottis (glot'-is) [fXojTTic, glottis]. The space 
 between the vocal bands. 
 
 Thyroid Cartilage. 
 Vocal Bands. 
 
 Arytenoid Cartilage. 
 Elastic Ligament. 
 
 Shape of the Glottis When at Rest.— (Holden.) 
 
 Glou-glou (gloo'-gloo). A gurgling sound sup- 
 posedly produced in the stomach by the 
 respiratory pressure of the diaphragm; heard 
 only when the stomach has become more or 
 less vertical and while a tight corset is. on. 
 It is explained as being due to a temporary 
 biloculation of the stomach by the corset. 
 
 Glove-area. The area of anesthesia of the 
 fingers, hand, and forearm in multiple neu- 
 ritis. It corresponds to the region of skin 
 covered by gloves of various lengths. 
 
 Glovers' Stitch. The continuous suture used 
 especially in repairing wounds of the intes- 
 tine. 
 
 Glucase (glu'-kdz). The enzym that hydrolyzes 
 maltose. It is found in the blood, tissues, 
 and juices of the animal body and in various 
 species of yeast. 
 
 Glucin (glu' -sin). The sodium salt of amido- 
 triazin-sulfonic acid; a substance resembling 
 saccharin, but less sweet. 
 
 Glucohemia (glu-ko-he' '-me-ah) . See Glyco- 
 
 hemia. 
 Gluconic (glu-kon' -ik) [glucose]. Of or per- 
 taining to glucose. 
 Glucose (glu'-kos) [yXunuc, sweet]. 1. C 6 H 12 6 . 
 Grape-sugar; dextrose. A form of sugar 
 found in many fruits, in blood and in lymph, 
 and in the urine in diabetes. It is crystal- 
 line; its solution turns the plane of polarized 
 light to the right; it is less soluble and less 
 sweet than cane-sugar, and ferments readily. 
 It can be obtained from starch by the action 
 of diastatic ferments, or by boiling with dilute 
 mineral acids, and crystallizes in nodular 
 masses melting at 86° F. 2. A generic name 
 for a class of carbohydrates having the com- 
 position C 6 PI 12 6 , and of which ordinary 
 glucose is the type. G., Tests for. SeeAlmen, 
 Baeyer, Barfoed, Baumann, Boettger, Braun, 
 Crismer, Fehling, v. Gebhart, Gentele, Gerrard, 
 Haines, H assail, v. Jaksch, Knapp, Loewen- 
 thal, Maumene, Molisch, Moore, Mulder, 
 Nylander, Pavy, Penzoldt, Roberts, Rubner, 
 Saccharimeter, Schiff, Silver, Soldani, Tollen, 
 Trommer, Wender, Worm-M tiller. 
 Glucosid (glu'-ko-sid) [glucose]. Any mem- 
 ber of a series of compounds that may be 
 resolved by an acid into glucose and another 
 principle. The more important ones are 
 amygdalin, arbutin, myronic acid, and salicin. 
 Glucosin (glu'-ko-sin) [glucose]. Any one of 
 a series of bases obtained by the action of 
 ammonia on glucose. 
 Glucovanillin (glu-ko-van-il'-in). See Gly- 
 
 covanillin. 
 Glue {glu) [Low L., glutem, accus. of glus, 
 glue]. An impure gelatin prepared by boil- 
 ing the skin, hoofs, and horns of animals. 
 It is a very adhesive substance, and when 
 cold, holds the surfaces between which it, is 
 placed firmly together. 
 Gluge's Corpuscles (glu'-gez) [Gluge, a pro- 
 fessor of the University of Brussels]. Com- 
 pound granular corpuscles; compound gran- 
 ule-cells occurring in tissues that are the seat 
 of fatty degeneration. 
 Gliih Blocks. See Carboformal. 
 Glutamic Acid (glu-tam'-ik), C 5 H 9 N0 4 . A 
 crystalline acid found in gluten and other 
 proteids. 
 Glutaric Acid (glu-tar'-ik), C 5 H 8 4 . A crys- 
 talline acid found in decomposed pus. 
 Gluteal (glu-te'-al) [gluteus]. Pertaining to 
 the buttocks. G. Artery. See under Artery. 
 G. Muscles. See under Muscle. G. 
 Nerve. See under Nerve. G. Reflex. See 
 under Reflex. 
 Gluten (glu'-ten) [L., "glue"]. A nitrogenous 
 substance found in the seed of cereals. It 
 consists mainly of gluten-fibrin, gluten-casein, 
 gliadin, and mucedin. G.-bread, bread made 
 from wheat-flour from which all the starch 
 has been removed; it is used as a substitute 
 for ordinary bread in diabetes. G. -casein, 
 a nitrogenous substance resembling the casein 
 of milk, and forming about 15 % of the gluten 
 of flour. Syn., Vegetable casein. G. -fibrin, 
 
GLUTENIN 
 
 453 
 
 GLYCOPROTEIDS 
 
 C^HsqNjoOh, a brownish mass extracted 
 from gluten. 
 
 Glutenin (glu'-ten-in). A proteid of wheat. 
 
 Gluteofascial (glu-te-o-)ah' -she-al) [gluteus; 
 fascia, bundle]. Relating to the fascia of 
 the gluteal region. 
 
 Gluteofemoral (glu-te-o-fem f -or-al) [gluteus; 
 femur]. Relating to the buttock and the thigh. 
 
 Gluteus (glu-te'-us) [yXouzoc, buttock]. One of 
 the large muscles of the buttock. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Glutin (glu'-tin). i. See Gelatin. 2. Synonym 
 of Gluten-casein. 
 
 Glutinpeptone Sublimate (glu-tin-pef -ton) . 
 An antiseptic preparation of mercury con- 
 taining 25 % of mercury bichlorid and 
 obtained by the action of hydrochloric acid 
 on gelatin. It occurs as a hygroscopic white 
 powder or a noncorrosive liquid used hypo- 
 dermatically in syphilis. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
 
 Glutoform, Glutol (glu'-to-form, glu'-tol). See 
 Formaldehyd- gelatin. 
 
 Gluton (glu'-ton) . A dietetic substance obtained 
 from gelatin by the action of acids at a high 
 temperature for several hours. 
 
 Gluzinske's Test for Bile-pigments. Boil 
 the solution for a few minutes with formalin, 
 and an emerald-green coloration will result, 
 changing to an amethyst-violet on the addition 
 of a few drops of hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Glycemia (gli-se' -me-ah) [^glucose; al[xa, blood]. 
 The presence of glucose in the blood. 
 
 Glyceric (glis-er' -ik) . Derived from glycerid 
 or glycerol. 
 
 Glycerid (glis r -er-id) [glycerol]. A compound 
 of glycerol and an acid; the neutral fats 
 are glycerids. 
 
 Glycerin, Glycerinum (glis'-er-in, glis-er-i'- 
 num) [yXunuc, sweet]. 1. See Glycerol. 2. In 
 the British Pharmacopeia, a solution of a 
 medicinal substance in glycerol; a glycerite. 
 G. Suppositories (suppositoria glycerini, U.S. 
 P.), each contains 6 Gm. of glycerol; they 
 are used in constipation. 
 
 Glycerite, Glyceri turn (glis'-er-it, glis-er-i'-tum) 
 [see Glycerin]. A mixture of medicinal sub- 
 stances with glycerol. The following glycerites 
 are official : Glyceritum acidi tannici; G. amyli; 
 
 « G. boro glycerini; G. ferri quinina et strych- 
 nine phosphatum; G. Hydrastis; G. phenolis. 
 
 Glycerol (glis' -er-ol) [see Glycerin], C 3 H 5 (HO) 3 . 
 Glycerin. A colorless substance, of syrupy 
 consistence, sweetish to the taste, obtained 
 from fats and fixed oils. Chemically it is a 
 triatomic alcohol, and may be looked upon 
 as propenyl alcohol. It is soluble in water 
 and in alcohol, and has a specific gravity of 
 1.25 at 15 C. It is used as a vehicle in 
 pharmaceutic preparations, as an emollient 
 application to the skin, as a laxative adminis- 
 tered by the mouth or in suppository, for 
 tajnpons in pelvic congestion, as a substitute 
 for sugar in diabetes, as a mounting-medium 
 in microscopy, and as an addition to bacterio- 
 logic culture-mediums. 
 
 Glycerolate, Glycerolatum (glis'-er-o-lat, glis- 
 er -o-la' -turn). Same as Glycerite. G., Aro- 
 
 matic, a sticky, transparent substance con- 
 sisting of tragacanth, 4 parts; acetone, 30 
 parts; glycerol, 46 parts; water, 18 parts; 
 aromatic perfume, 4 parts; it is recommended 
 in the treatment of skin diseases. 
 
 Glycerophosphate (glis-er -o-fos' -fat). A com- 
 bination of glycerol and phosphoric acid with 
 a base. 
 
 Glyceryl (glis'-er-il) [glycerol]. The trivalent 
 radicle, C 3 H 5 , of glycerol, combining with the 
 fatty acids to form the neutral fats. G. Trini- 
 trate, Spirit of (spiritus gly eery lis nitratis, U. 
 S. P.), spirit of nitroglycerin. 
 
 Glycin (gli' -sin). Synonym of Glycocoll. 
 
 Glyco- (gli-ko-) [fXoKoc, sweet]. A prefix meaning 
 sweet. 
 
 Glycocholic Acid (gli-ko-koV -ik) [glyco-; joH], 
 bile]. An acid found in the bile. See Acid, 
 Glycocholic. 
 
 Glycocoll (gli' -ko-kol) [glyco-; noXXa, glue], 
 C 2 H 5 N0 2 . It is obtained when glyco- 
 cholic acid is boiled with caustic potash, 
 baryta-water, or with dilute mineral acids; 
 also by boiling gelatin with dilute acids. It 
 is capable of acting as a base and as an acid. 
 Syn., Amidoacetic acid; Gelatin-sugar; Glycin. 
 
 Glycogelatin (gli-ko-jeV -at-in) . An ointment- 
 base consisting of glycerol and gelatin. 
 
 Glycogen (gli'-ko-jen) [glyco-; yevvdv, to 
 produce]. A carbohydrate found in the 
 form of amorphous granules in the liver- 
 cells, in all tissues of the embryo, in the 
 testicle, muscles, leukocytes, fresh pus-cells, 
 cartilage, and other tissues. It is formed 
 from carbohydrates and probably also from 
 proteids, and is stored in the liver, where it 
 is converted, as the system requires, into 
 sugar (glucose). Glycogen is soluble in 
 water, is dextrorotatory, and is colored red by 
 iodin. 
 
 Glycogenal, Glycogenol (gli-ko' -jen-al, -ol). 
 A substance allied to glycogen. It is used 
 in tuberculosis by inhalation and internally. 
 Dose 15-23 gr. (1.0-1.5 Gm.). 
 
 Glycogeny (gli - kof - en - e) [glycogen]. The 
 normal production of glycogen. 
 
 Glycohemia (gli-ko -he f -me-ah) [glyco-; al/xa, 
 blood]. A saccharine condition of the blood. 
 Syn., Glycemia. 
 
 Glycoheroin (gli-ko-her'-o-in). A proprietary 
 liquid expectorant said to contain heroin and 
 hyoscyamin. Dose- 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Glycol (gli'-kol) [yXuKvc, sweet]. A diatomic 
 alcohol; a compound intermediate in its 
 properties and chemic relations between mono- 
 hydric alcohol and trihydric glycerol. 
 
 Glycolamin (gli-kol-am' '-in)-. Synonym of 
 Glycocoll. 
 
 Glycoline (gli' -kol-en) . A purified petroleum 
 for use in atomizers. 
 
 Glycolytic (gli-kol-it' -ik) [glucose; Xuotc, dissolu- 
 tion]. Splitting up glucose. 
 
 Glyconin (gli'-ko-nin). A mixture of yolk of 
 egg, 45, and glycerol, 55 parts. Syn., Glyceri- 
 tum vitelli. 
 
 Glycoproteids (gli-ko-pro' -te-ids) [glyco-; pro- 
 teid]. Compound proteids which on decom- 
 
GLYCOSAL 
 
 454 
 
 GOLDENSEAL 
 
 position yield a proteid on one side and 
 a carbohydrate or derivatives of the same on 
 the other. Some glycoproteids are free from 
 phosphorus (mucins, mucinoids, and hyalo- 
 gens) and some contain it (phosphoglycopro- 
 teids) . 
 
 Glycosal (gW -ko-sal) . Monosalicylic glycerol 
 ester, a white powder readily soluble in hot 
 water and alcohol, and less freely in ether 
 and chloroform. It is antirheumatic. Dose 
 8-150 gr. (0.52-9.75 Gm.) a day. Applied 
 in 20% alcoholic solution. 
 
 Glycosemia (gli-ko-se' -me-ah) . See Glycemia 
 and Glycohemia. 
 
 Glycosuria (gli-ko-su'-re-ali) [glucose; oOpov, 
 urine]. The presence of grape-sugar in 
 the urine. For tests see under Glucose. G., 
 Alimentary, that due to excessive inges- 
 tion of carbohydrates. G., Anxiety (of v. 
 Noorden), a transitory form due to worry. 
 G., Artificial, a condition resulting from 
 puncture of the diabetic center in the bulb. 
 Syn., Artificial diabetes; Traumatic glycosuria. 
 G., Diabetic, that in which sugar and 
 oxybutyric acid and its derivatives are passed 
 in the urine. G., Lipogenic, the glycosuria 
 of obese subjects which does not amount to 
 true diabetes. G., Persistent. Synonym 
 of Diabetes mellitus. G., Toxic, that observed 
 after poisoning by chloral, morphin, or curara, 
 after inhalation of chloroform or carbonic 
 oxid, and after the ingestion of phloridzin. 
 G., Traumatic. See G., Artificial. G. of 
 Vagrants, a transient form occurring in 
 underfed vagrants. 
 
 Glycothymolin (gli-ko-thi' '-mol-iri) . An anti- 
 septic cleansing solution for the treatment 
 of diseased mucous membrane. Said to con- 
 sist of glycerol, sodium, boric acid, thymol, 
 menthol, salicylic acid eucalyptol, and other 
 antiseptics. 
 
 Glycovanillin (gli-ko-van-il'-in), C 6 H 3 (OCH) 3 - 
 (OC 6 H n 5 )CHO + 2FTO. The glucosid of 
 vanillin, formed by the oxidation of coniferin 
 with dilute chromium trioxid. Syn., Glucovan- 
 illin. 
 
 Glycozone (gW -ko-zon) . A combination of 
 pure glycerol with 15 times its own volume 
 of ozone at o° C. It is a healing agent, used 
 in gastric ulcer, etc., in teaspoonful doses 
 diluted with water. 
 
 Glycuronic Acid (gli-ku-ron' '-ik) . See Acid, 
 Glycuronic. 
 
 Glycyrrhiza {glis-ir-i f -zah) [t^koc, sweet; p'c^a, 
 root]. Licorice. The root of G. glabra, a de- 
 mulcent and mild laxative of sweet taste. It 
 is used in catarrhal affections and as an in- 
 gredient of pills. G., Extract of {extr actum 
 glycyrrhiza, U. S. P.). Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
 G., Extract of, Pure {extr actum glycyr- 
 rhiza purum, U. S. P.), used for making pills. 
 G., Fluidextract of (fiuidextr -actum glycyr- 
 rhizce, U. S. P.), used as a vehicle for ad- 
 ministering quinin. G., Mixture of, Com- 
 pound (mis tier a glycyrrhizce composita, U. 
 S. P.), brown mixture. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 
 Cc). G., Powder of, Compound (pulvis 
 
 glycyrrhizce compositus, U. S. P.). Dose 
 1 dr. (4 Gm.). G., Troches of, and Opium 
 (trochisci glycyrrhizce et opii, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1 or 2. 
 
 Glycyrrhizin, Glycyrrhizinum (glis-ir-iz'-in, 
 -iz-i'-num) [glycyrrhiza]. The active principle 
 of licorice-root. It is in reality an acid, glycyr- 
 rhizic acid, QJHeyNOjg. G., Ammoniated 
 (glycyrrhizinum ammoniatum, U. S. P.), a 
 sweet preparation used as a substitute for 
 licorice. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Glykaolin (gli-ka' -ol-in) . A compound of 
 aluminium silicate, phenyl salicylate, and 
 glycerol made into a smooth paste; it is 
 indicated in the treatment of wounds, ulcers, 
 sprains, burns, etc. 
 
 Gm. An abbreviation of gram. 
 
 Gmelin's Test for Bile-pigments in the 
 Urine. Fuming nitric acid is carefully added, 
 so that it forms a sublayer. At the junction 
 of the two liquids a series of colored layers 
 is formed, in the following order, from above 
 downward: green, blue, violet, red, and red- 
 dish-yellow. The green ring must always be 
 present, and the reddish-violet at the same 
 time; otherwise the reaction might be con- 
 founded with that for lutein. 
 
 Gnathic (na'-thik) [gnathion]. Pertaining to 
 the jaw. G. Index. See Index, Gnathic. 
 
 Gnathion (na'-the-on) [yvadoc, jaw]. The 
 lowest point in the median line of the inferior 
 maxilla. 
 
 Gnathocephalus (nath - o-sef' -al- us) [gnathion; 
 tce<f>aXr], the head]. A monster lacking all 
 parts of the head except large jaws. 
 
 Goa-powder. See Araroba. 
 
 Goblet-cells. Beaker-shaped cells found in 
 mucous membranes. 
 
 Goggles (gog'-lz) [Irish and Gael., gog, a nod]. 
 Spectacles with colored lenses and wire or 
 cloth sides, to protect the eyes from excessive 
 light or dust. 
 
 Goiter (goi'-tr) [guttur, throat]. Enlargement 
 of the thyroid gland. Syn., Bronchocele; 
 Derbyshire neck; Tracheocele. G., Exoph- 
 thalmic, a disease characterized by cardiac 
 palpitation, goiter, exophthalmos, tremor, 
 palpitation being usually the initial symptom. 
 Syn., Basedow's disease; Graves' disease. 
 See A badie, Dalrymple, Graeje, Stellwag, Vig- 
 oroux, under Signs and Symptoms. Also see 
 under Ballet, Becker, Bryson, Joffroy, Marie, 
 Mobius. G., Pituitary, cystic and follicular 
 degeneration in the hypophysis similar to that 
 occurring in the thyroid gland. 
 
 Goitriferous (goi-trif -er-us) [goiter; ferre, to 
 bear]. Giving rise to goiters. 
 
 Goitrous (goi'-trus) [goiter]. Relating to or 
 affected with goiter. 
 
 Gold. See Aurum. G.-beaters' Skin, a thin 
 membrane prepared from the cecum of the 
 ox. G., Fulminating, Au 2 3 (NH 3 ) 4 , a 
 compound obtained from auric oxid or 
 auric hydrate by action of ammonia; a green- 
 ish-brown powder exploding with great vio- 
 lence on heating or percussion. 
 
 Goldenseal. See Hydrastis. 
 
GOLDFLAM'S DISEASE 
 
 455 
 
 GORGET 
 
 Goldfiam's Disease. See Erb's Disease. 
 
 Goldscheider-Marinesco's Law. The fewer 
 connections a neuron has, and, consequently, 
 the fewer stimuli it receives, the less is its 
 tendency to degeneration. 
 
 Golgi's Cells. Nerve-cells with very short 
 processes found in the gray matter of the 
 brain and spinal cord. G.'s Corpuscles. 
 See Corpuscles, Golgi's. G.'s Funnels, funnel- 
 shaped structures composed of spiral threads, 
 described by Golgi and others as surrounding 
 the axis-cylinder of a myelinic nerve-fiber and 
 supporting the. myelin. They appear to be 
 artificially produced in the process of staining. 
 
 Golgi- Mazzoni's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, 
 Mazzoni's. 
 
 Golgi-Rezzonico's Funnels. See Golgi's 
 Funnels. 
 
 Goll's Column. The posterointernal column 
 of the spinal cord G.'s Nucleus, a small 
 nucleus in the fasciculus gracilis of the oblon- 
 gata in which the long fibers of Goll's column 
 terminate. 
 
 Golonboff's Sign of Chlorosis. An acute 
 pain located directly over the spleen, and 
 pain on percussion over the ends of the long 
 bones, especially the tibias. 
 
 Goltz's Experiment. Arrest of the heart's 
 action produced in the frog by repeated tap- 
 ping of the abdomen. 
 
 Gombault-Phillippe's Triangle. The tri- 
 angular area formed in the conus medullaris 
 by the fibers which, higher up, compose the 
 oval field of Flechsig. 
 
 Gomenol (go' -men-ol) . A syrup used in per- 
 tussis said to be prepared from the leaves of 
 Melaleuca leucadendron. Dose 5-50 min. 
 i. Q -33~3-33 Cc.) in capsules. 
 
 Gomphiasis (gom-fi'-as-is) [yopcfiiaocc, tooth- 
 ache]. Looseness of the teeth. 
 
 Gomphosis (gom-fo'-sis). See Synarthrosis. 
 
 Gonae (go'-ne) [L.]. The genitals. 
 
 Gonagra (gon-a'-grah) [yo^o, knee; aypa, seiz- 
 ure]. Gout of the knee-joint. 
 
 Gonangiectomy (go-nan-je-ek' -to-me) [rovof, 
 generation; ayyilov, vessel; i/czoprj, excision]. 
 Excision of a portion of the vas deferens. 
 
 Gonarthritis (gon-ar-thri'-tis) \jovu, knee; 
 arthritis]. 1. Inflammation of the knee-joint. 
 2. Synonym of Gonorrheal synovitis. 
 
 Gonarthrocace (gon-ar-throk' -as-e) [ybvu, knee; 
 apdpov, a joint; kolhtj, evil]. White swelling 
 of the knee-joint. 
 
 Gonarthromeningitis (gon-ar-thro-men-in-ji'- 
 tis) \joiy'j, knee; apdpov, a joint; pffjcyz, mem- 
 brane; crcc, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the synovial membrane of the knee. 
 
 Gonecyst (gon'-e-sist) [your], semen; kuotcc, 
 cyst]. A seminal vesicle. 
 
 Gonecystitis (gon-e-sis-ti' '-tis) [gonecyst; c~ig, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the seminal 
 vesicles. 
 
 Gonepoietic (gon-e-poi-et'-ik) [yovrj, semen; 
 -o.'cZv, to make]. Pertaining to the secretion 
 of semen. 
 
 Gongyloid ( gon' -jil-oid) [yoyyuXog, round; eldoc, 
 likeness]. Having an irregular round shape. 
 
 Gonid (go'-nid). See Gonidium. 
 
 Gonidium (go-nid '-e-um) \jovr), seed; pi., go- 
 nidia]. In biology, (a) one of the grass-green 
 algal elements of the lichen thai! us; (b) also 
 called gonid, and applied to various asexually 
 produced reproductive bodies. 
 
 Goniometer (go-ne-om' -et-er) [gonion; ph- 
 pov, a measure]. An apparatus for measur- 
 ing lateral curvatures, adduction and abduc- 
 tion in hip-joint disease, the angle of anky- 
 losed joints, etc., and the angles of crystals. 
 G., Vesical, an apparatus to measure the 
 angle formed by the long axis of the urethra 
 with a line drawn from the internal urethral 
 orifice to the mouth of the ureter. 
 
 Gonion (go' -tie-on) [yio^'ca, an angle]. In cranio- 
 metry, the outer side of the angle of the in- 
 ferior maxilla. 
 
 Gonococcemia (gon-o-kok-se'-me-ah) [gonococ- 
 cus; alua, blood]. The presence of gonococci 
 in the blood. 
 
 Gonococcia (gon-o-kok' -se-ah) . Same as Gono- 
 hemia. 
 
 Gonococcus (gon-o-kok' -us) [yo^r /} semen; kokkoc, 
 a berry]. The organism causing gonorrhea. 
 See Micrococcus gonorrhoea' under Bacteria. 
 
 Gonocyte (gon'-o-sit) [yow t , semen; kjzoc, cell]. 
 Van Beneden's name for the ovum which 
 contains only the female pronucleus, the male 
 part having been expelled as directive bodies. 
 G., Male, a spermatozoon. 
 
 Gonohemia (gon-o-he' -me-ah) [gonorrhea; alpa, 
 blood]. Generalized gonorrheal infection. 
 
 Gonorrhea (go n -or -e' -ah) [yo^i n semen; po'ca, 
 a flow]. A specific infectious inflammation 
 of the mucous membrane of the urethra and 
 adjacent cavities, due to the gonococcus of 
 Neisser. The disease is characterized by 
 pain, burning urination, a profuse muco- 
 purulent discharge, and a protracted course. 
 It is likely to become chronic, and is frequently 
 accompanied by complications — prostatitis, 
 periurethral abscess, epididymitis, cystitis, 
 purulent conjunctivitis. It may also cause 
 arthritis (gonorrheal rheumatism), endocar- 
 ditis, and, in women, salpingitis. G., Dry, a 
 form unassociated with discharge. 
 
 Gonorrheal (gon-or-e'-al) [gonorrhea]. Relating 
 to gonorrhea, as gonorrheal ophthalmia. G. 
 Rheumatism, inflammation of one or more 
 'joints as a sequel of gonorrhea. 
 
 Gonotoxemia (gon-o-toks-e' -me-ah). Toxemia 
 attributable to infection with the gonococcus. 
 
 Gonotoxin (gon-o-toks'-in). A nondialyzable 
 toxin produced both in the cocci and in the 
 culture-mediums by gonococci. 
 
 Goodell's Law, G.'s Sign. When the cervix 
 is as hard as one's nose, pregnancy does not 
 exist; when it is as soft as one's lips, preg- 
 nancy is probable. 
 
 Goose [AS., gos]. A bird of the family 
 Anserine. G.-flesh, G.-skin, a condition of 
 the skin marked by prominence about the 
 hair -follicles. Syn., Cutis anserina. 
 
 Gorget (gor'-jei) [gurges, a chasm]. A chan- 
 neled instrument, similar to a grooved director, 
 used in lithotomy. 
 
GOSSELIN'S FRACTURE 
 
 456 
 
 GRADUATE 
 
 Gosselin's Fracture. A V-shaped fracture of 
 the lower end of the tibia. 
 
 Gossypium (gos-ip' '-e-um) [L.]. The cotton- 
 tree, Gossypium herbaceum, and other species 
 of Gossypium, of the order Malvaceae. 
 Gossypii cortex (U. S. P.), cottonroot bark, 
 is used as an emmenagog, especially in the 
 form of the fluidextract. Dose ^-i dr. (2-4 
 Cc). G. purificatum (U. S. P.), purified 
 cotton; absorbent cotton; cotton-wool; the 
 hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum 
 ■ and of other species of Gossypium, used as 
 a dressing and as a substitute for sponges 
 in surgery; in pharmacy, as a filtering medium. 
 Gossypii seminis, Oleum (U. S. P.), cotton- 
 seed oil, is used in ointments. See also Cotton. 
 
 Gottstein's Basal Process. The attenuated 
 process of an outer hair-cell connecting the 
 latter with the basilar membrane of Corti's 
 organ. 
 
 Gouge (gowj) [Fr.]. An instrument for cut- 
 ting or removing bone or other hard struc- 
 tures. 
 
 Goulard's Cerate. A mixture of lead sub- 
 acetate, 20, and cerate of camphor, 80. G.'s 
 Extract, an aqueous liquid containing lead 
 acetate, 180; lead oxid, no; distilled water, 
 710. Syn., Liquor plumbi subacetatis. 
 
 Gould's Bowed-head Sign. In retinitis pig- 
 mentosa or other disease destroying the 
 peripheral portion of the retina the patient 
 often bows the head low to see the pavement, 
 in order to bring the image upon the func- 
 tional portion of the retina. 
 
 Goundou {goon'-doo). An affection occurring 
 among the negroes of the western coast of 
 Africa. It consists of the growth of two bony, 
 ovoid, symmetric tumors which arise at the 
 root of the nose on each side and which, by 
 their growth, narrow the nasal fossas and 
 interfere with vision. 
 
 Gousset's Symptoms of Phrenic Neuralgia. 
 A painful point, always present and well 
 defined, to the right of the fourth or fifth 
 chondrosternal articulation; it must not be 
 confounded with the retrosternal pain of 
 chronic aortitis. 
 
 Gout (gowt) [gutta, a drop]. A disease charac- 
 terized by a paroxysmal painful inflammation 
 of the small joints, particularly the great toe, 
 accompanied by the deposit of sodium urate. 
 The attack usually comes on at night, is 
 attended by a dusky, glazed swelling of the 
 joint and agonizing pain, and disappears with 
 a sweat in the morning, to recur again at 
 night. In some cases gout presents an atypi- 
 cal form, appearing as dyspepsia, bronchitis, 
 or intestinal catarrh; at times it produces 
 pneumonia and inflammation of the serous 
 membranes. The cause of gout is not definitely 
 known, but is connected with an excess of uric 
 acid or urates in the blood. The diseaseis most 
 common in high livers. G., Anomalous, G., 
 Atypical, that marked by unusual symp- 
 toms or at first affecting unusual parts of the 
 body. G., Asthenic, G., Atonic, a chronic 
 form marked by enlargement of the joints 
 
 and thickening and distention of the ligaments 
 and tissues. G., Edematous, that in which 
 the swelling is not attended with heat, redness, 
 nor severe pain. G., Latent, G., Masked, 
 lithemia, a condition ascribed to a gouty 
 diathesis, but not presenting the typical symp- 
 toms of gout. G., Poor-man's, gout due 
 to exposure, poor food, and excess in the 
 use of malt liquors. G., Retrocedent. 1. 
 That form that presents severe internal mani- 
 festations, without the customary arthritic 
 symptoms. Syn., Anomalous, Misplaced, or 
 Wandering gout; Arthritis aberrans; Arthri- 
 tis erratica. 2. Gout which leaves the joints 
 suddenly, to appear in the brain, stomach, 
 or other internal organ. Syn., Abarticular, 
 Displaced, Extraarticular, Flying, Metastatic, 
 Migrating, Recedent, Retrograde, or Trans- 
 ferred gout. G., Rheumatic. See Arthritis, 
 Rheumatoid. G., Tophaceous, a form 
 marked by a deposit of sodium urate on the 
 joint-cartilages and the formation of bony or 
 cartilaginous growths around the ends of the 
 bones. 
 
 Gouty (gow'-te) [gout]. Of the nature of 
 gout; affected with gout. G. Kidney, 
 chronic interstitial nephritis due to gout. 
 
 Gowers' Column. The ascending antero- 
 lateral tract of the spinal cord. G.'s Inter- 
 mediate Process, the lateral horn, a pro- 
 jection of the intermediate gray substance in 
 the dorsal region of the spinal cord. G.'s 
 Symptom, intermittent and abrupt oscilla- 
 tions of the iris under the influence of light, 
 anterior probably to the total loss of the reflex; 
 it is occasionally seen in tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Goyrand's Hernia. Inguinointerstitial hernia; 
 incomplete inguinal hernia. 
 
 Graafian Follicles, G. Vesicles [Ragner de 
 Graaf, a Dutch anatomist]. Vesicular bodies 
 
 Graafian Follicle and Ovule 
 Disc. 
 
 WITH PROLIGEROUS 
 
 found in the cortical layer of the ovary, and 
 
 each containing an ovum. G. Oviduct. See 
 
 Oviduct. 
 Gracilis (gras'-il-is). See under Muscle. 
 Gradatory (grad' -at-o-re) [graduate]. Adapted 
 
 for walking. 
 Graduate (grad f -u-at) [gradus, a step]. A 
 
GRADUATED 
 
 457 
 
 GRANULE 
 
 vessel upon which the divisions of liquid 
 measure have been marked. 
 
 Graduated (grad'-u-a-ted). Arranged in de- 
 grees or steps. G. Compress, a compress 
 made of pieces decreasing progressively in 
 size, the apex or smallest piece being applied 
 to the focus of pressure. 
 
 (von) Graefe's Disease. Progressive ophthal- 
 moplegia, v. G.'s Knife, a narrow knife for 
 the performance of the operation for cataract. 
 v. G.'s Sign, v. G.'s Symptom. See under 
 Signs and Symptoms, v. G.'s Spots, certain 
 spots near the supraorbital foramen, or over 
 the vertebras, which, when pressed upon, cause 
 a sudden relaxation of the spasm of the eyelids 
 in cases of blepharofacial spasm. 
 
 Graft [ME., graffe, from ypafecv, to write]. 
 A small portion of skin, bone, periosteum, 
 nerve, etc., used to replace a defect in 
 a corresponding structure. G., Auto- 
 plastic, a graft taken from the patient's own 
 body. G., Heteroplastic, a graft taken from 
 a person other than the subject. G., Omen- 
 tal, a small strip of omentum used to 
 strengthen the line of suture in enterorrhaphy. 
 G., Periosteal, one of periosteum to cover 
 denuded bone or to be placed where bone 
 has been removed to favor new formation. 
 G., Skin-, a small portion of skin inserted 
 upon a raw surface, such as is produced by 
 a burn, to assist in reproducing the integu- 
 ment. G., Sponge-, the insertion of a piece 
 of sponge into the tissues to act as a frame- 
 work for granulations. 
 
 Graham's Law. The rate of diffusion of 
 gases through porous membranes is in inverse 
 ratio to the square root of their density. 
 
 Grain {gran) [granum, grain], i. Seed, as that 
 of the cereals. 2. A body resembling a seed, 
 as a starch -grain. 3. The unit of weight of 
 the troy and the avoirdupois system of weights. 
 See Weights and Measures. G.s of Paradise, 
 the unripe fruit of Amomum melegueta and 
 of A. granum-paradisi, brought from West 
 Africa. It is an aromatic stimulant and 
 diuretic, useful in some cases of neuralgia. 
 Unof. 
 
 Gram, Gramme {gram) [ypa/ijia, inscription]. 
 The gravimetric unit of the metric system of 
 weights and measures, equivalent to the 
 weight of a cubic centimeter of distilled water 
 at its maximum density. See Weights and 
 Measures. 
 
 Gram's Method. A method for staining bac- 
 teria. The bacteria on the cover-glass or in 
 the section are stained first with Ehrlich's 
 solution, and then are treated with Gram's 
 solution (iodin. 1; potassium iodid, 2; water, 
 300), and then with alcohol. Some bacteria 
 give up the color when washed with alcohol. 
 G.'s Solution. See under G.'s Method. 
 
 Grammolecule {gram-moV-e-kul). In a solu- 
 tion or mixture, the weight of an atom or 
 molecule of the active chemical expressed in 
 grams. Syn., Grammole; Mol; Mole. 
 
 Gramnegative {gram-neg' '-at-iv) . Incapable 
 of staining by Gram's method. 
 
 Grampositive {gram-pos'-it-iv). Capable of 
 staining by Gram's method. 
 
 Granatum {gran-a' -turn) . Pomegranate. The 
 bark of the stem and root of Punica granatum. 
 The bark contains punicotannic acid and man- 
 nite, but the active principle is the alkaloid pel- 
 letierin, C 8 H 13 NO. The chief use of pomegran- 
 ate and its preparations is as a teniacide. The 
 decoction consists of 2 oz. of bark in 2 pints 
 of water, boiled down to a pint. See also 
 Pelletierin. Granati, Fluidextractum (U. S. 
 P.), fluidextract of pomegranate. Dose 30 
 min. (2 Co). 
 
 Grancher's Disease. A form of pneumonia 
 with splenization of the lung, the coagulable 
 exudate filling not only the alveoli, but also the 
 larger bronchi. Syn., Desnos' pneumonia, 
 Pneumonie pleuretique; S pi eno pneumonic 
 G.'s Sign, a raised pitch of inspiratory mur- 
 mur, an indication of pulmonary consolida- 
 tion. G.'s Triad, the three symptoms char- 
 acteristic of incipient pulmonary tuberculosis: 
 weakened vesicular murmur, increased vocal 
 fremitus, and skodaic resonance. 
 
 Grand mal [Fr., "great evil"]. Epilepsy. See 
 also Petit mal. 
 
 Grandry's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, 
 Grandry's. 
 
 Granula {gran' -u-lah) {granum, a grain]. The 
 granules, cytoblasts, or microsomes of proto- 
 plasm. 
 
 Granular {gran'-u-lar) [granide]. Made up of, 
 or containing, granules. G. Layer. See under 
 Retina. G. Lids, trachoma. G. Pharyngitis, 
 pharyngitis characterized by the presence of 
 prominent follicles. 
 
 Granulase {gran'-u-laz) [granum]. An enzym 
 found in cereals, converting starch into ach- 
 roodextrin and maltose. 
 
 Granulation {gran-u-la' -shun) [granide']. 1. A 
 capillary loop of blood-vessels surrounded by a 
 group of connective-tissue cells; also the pro- 
 cess by which these are formed. 2 . The forma- 
 tion of new or cicatricial tissue in the repair of 
 wounds or ulcers, the surface of which has 
 a granular appearance; also, any one of the 
 elevated points of such a surface or formation. 
 G.s, Erethistic, G.s, Erethitic, an acestoma 
 in which severe pain and hemorrhage are 
 caused by slight irritation. G., Exuberant, 
 G., Fungous, an acestoma secreting thin, 
 mucopurulent matter due to local edema or 
 to excessive formative power. G. Tissue, 
 the material consisting of granulations by 
 which the repair of loss of substance or the 
 healing together of surfaces is brought about. 
 
 Granule {gran'-uT) [granidum, a. little grain]. A 
 small grain, body, or particle, as the granules 
 of a cell; also a small pill. G.s, Altmann's. 
 See Altmann's Granules. G.s, Chromophil. 
 See Nissl's Bodies. G.s, Claude Bernard's, 
 the granules in the secreting cells of the 
 pancreas. G.s, Edematin, the micro- 
 somes forming the mass of the nuclear 
 sap. They have been identified with the 
 1 ' cyanophilous granules" of the nucleus. 
 G.s, Interstitial, those occurring in the 
 
GRANULIFORM 
 
 458 
 
 GRAWITZ'S TUMOR 
 
 sarcoplasm of striated muscle-fibers; they 
 consist of fat and probably also of lecithin. 
 G.s, Leukocyte, the amphophil, basophil, 
 eosinophil, neutrophil, or oxyphil bodies 
 observed in leukocytes. Cf. Color -analysis. G.s, 
 Lymph, lymph-corpuscles. G.s, Malpighi's, 
 malpighian corpuscles. G.s, Neusser's, baso- 
 philic granules sometimes found in the leuko- 
 cytes of the blood, near the nuclei. G.s, 
 Nissl's. See Nissl's Bodies. G.s, Osseous, 
 very small granules of inorganic matter which 
 are found in the matrix of bone. G.s, Vitel- 
 line, G.S, Yolk. See Spheres, Vitelline. 
 G.s, Zimmermann's. Same as Bizzo- 
 zerd's Blood-platelets. G.s, Zymogen, G.s, 
 Zymogenous, certain granules in the pan- 
 creatic cells supposed to give origin to the 
 pancreatic ferments. 
 
 Granuliform (gran-u'-le-form) [granule; forma, 
 form]. Resembling small grains. 
 
 Granulofatty (gran-u-lo-fat'-e). Applied to 
 cells in tissue undergoing fatty degeneration, 
 which contain granules of fat. Syn., Granu- 
 loadipose. 
 
 Granuloma {gran-u-lo' -mah) [granule; bjia, a 
 tumor]. A tumor or tumor-like nodule made 
 up of granulation tissue. G. annulare, a 
 peculiar disease midway between inflamma- 
 tion and a neoplasm, characterized by the 
 formation of pale-red or violaceous red nodules 
 on the wrists, backs of the hands, and neck, 
 which develop slowly and form circles by 
 confluence. The lesions are firm; the mu- 
 cous layer is enormously thickened. G., 
 Infectious, that due to a specific micro- 
 organism, as tubercle, gumma, etc. G. 
 trichophyticum, granuloma due to Tricho- 
 phyton. G. tropicum, frambesia. 
 
 Granuloplasm {gran 1 ' -u-lo-plazm) [granule; 
 plasma, something formed]. The granular 
 protoplasmic mass in the inner part of a cell. 
 
 Granulose (gran f -u-los) [granule]. The mate- 
 rial that forms the inner portion of starch- 
 granules. 
 
 Granum (gra'-num). See Grain. 
 
 Grape-cure (grap'-kur). A treatment of pul- 
 monary tuberculosis consisting in the inges- 
 tion of large quantities of grapes. 
 
 Grape-sugar. See Glucose and Dextrose. 
 
 Graphic (graf'-ik) [ypafocv, to write]. Relating 
 to writing or recording, or to the process of 
 making automatic tracings of phenomena, 
 showing degree, rhythm, etc. 
 
 Graphite {graf'-it) [see Graphic]. Plum- 
 bago or black-lead, an impure allotropic 
 form of carbon. It has been applied exter- 
 nally in skin diseases. 
 
 Grapho- (graf-o-) [jpafecv, to write]. A prefix 
 meaning to write. 
 
 Graphology {gra}-oV-o-je) [grapho-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The study of the handwriting 
 for the purpose of diagnosing nerve 
 disease. 
 
 Graphomotor {graf-o-mo'-tor) [grapho-; movere, 
 to move]. Relating to graphic movements. 
 
 Graphorrhea {graf-or-e' -ah) [grapho-; peia, flow]. 
 An intermittent condition in certain forms 
 
 of insanity, marked by an uncontrollable desire 
 to cover pages with usually unconnected and 
 meaningless words. 
 
 Graphoscope (graf'-o-skop) [grapho-; oKonelv, 
 to view]. A convex lens devised for the 
 treatment of asthenopia and progressive 
 myopia. 
 
 Graphospasm {graf'-o-spazm) [grapho-; cnzao- 
 fj.dc, spasm]. Writers' cramp. 
 
 Grashey's Aphasia. Aphasia due to dimin 
 ished duration of sensory impressions, with 
 consequent disturbance of perception and as- 
 sociation ; it is seen in concussion of the brain 
 and in certain acute diseases. 
 
 Grasset-Rauzier's Type of Syringomyelia. 
 A form with marked sudoral and vasomotor 
 symptoms. 
 
 Grating (grafting) [grata, a grating], i. A 
 frame or screen composed of bars. 2. A 
 sound produced by the friction of very rough 
 surfaces against each other. 3. A glass 
 ruled with exceedingly fine parallel lines to 
 produce chromatic dispersion in the rays of 
 light reflected from it. 
 
 Gratiolet's Optic Radiation. Fibers that 
 pass from the optic center in the occipital 
 lobe to the pulvinar and external geniculate 
 body. Syn., GratiolePs fibers. 
 
 Grattage (grat-ahzh) [Ft.]. A method of 
 removing morbid growths, as polyps or 
 trachomatous granulations, by rubbing with 
 a harsh sponge or brush. 
 
 Gravative (grav'-ah-tiv) [gravis, heavy]. At- 
 tended by a sense of weight; said of the 
 pressure-pains of tumors. 
 
 Gravel {grav'-l) [Fr., gravelle, from Bret., 
 grouan, gravel]. A granular, sand-like ma- 
 terial forming the substance of urinary cal- 
 culi, and often passed with the urine in the 
 form of detritus. 
 
 Graves' Disease. See Goiter, Exophthalmic. 
 G.'s Sign, an increase of the systolic impulse 
 often noted in the beginning of pericarditis. 
 
 Gravid {grav'-id) [gravidus, pregnant]. - Pregnant. 
 G. Uterus, the uterus during pregnancy. 
 
 Gravida {grav' -id-ah) [gravid]. A pregnant 
 woman. 
 
 Gravidocardiac {grav-id-o-kar'-de-ak) [gravid; 
 cardiac]. Relating to cardiac disorders due 
 to pregnancy. 
 
 Gravimetric (grav-e-met'-rik) [gravis, heavy; 
 ixkxpov, a measure]. Pertaining to measure- 
 ment by weight. G. Analysis. See Analy- 
 sis, Gravimetric. 
 
 Gravistatic {grav-is-tat'-ik) [gravis; orarctcrj, 
 the art of weighing]. Due to gravitation; 
 applied to a form of congestion. 
 
 Gravity {grav'-it-e) [gravis]. Weight. G., 
 Specific, the measured weight of a sub- 
 stance compared with that of an equal volume 
 of another taken as a standard. For gaseous 
 fluids, hydrogen is taken as the standard; 
 for liquids and solids, distilled water at its 
 maximum density. 
 
 Grawitz's Tumor. A lipomatoid tumor of 
 the kidney having its origin in aberrant 
 masses of suprarenal tissue and situated 
 
GRAY 
 
 459 
 
 GROOVE 
 
 immediately beneath the renal capsule. Syn., 
 Uypemep hroma. 
 
 Gray (gra) [AS., grceg]. The color obtained by 
 mixing white and black. G. Hepatization. 
 See Hepatization, Gray. G. Matter, that 
 forming the outer part of the brain and the 
 inner part of the cord, containing the 
 specialized cells of these parts. G. Powder. 
 See Mercury with Chalk. 
 
 Green {gren) [ME., grene]. Of the color of 
 grass, obtained by mixing yellow and blue. 
 G\ -blindness, a variety of color-blindness 
 in which green is not distinguished. G., 
 Paris-, copper acetoarsenite. G., Scheele's, 
 copper arsenite. G., Schweinfurt. Synonym 
 of G., Paris-. 
 
 Greensickness {gren' -sik-nes) . Chlorosis. 
 
 Greenstick Fracture. See Fracture, Greenstick. 
 
 Greffotome (gref'-o-tom) [Fr., greffe, graft; 
 zo [i6c, cutting]. A knife used in cutting slips 
 for surgical grafting. 
 
 Gregarina {greg-ar-i'-nah) [grex, a herd]. A 
 genus of Protozoa. 
 
 Gregory's Powder. Compound rhubarb pow- 
 der. 
 
 Grehant's Method for Determining Urea 
 in Blood and Tissues. It makes use of a 
 solution of mercury, i Gm., in 10 Cc. of pure 
 nitric acid, for decomposing the urea; the 
 C0 2 and N are liberated, enabling one to 
 estimate the urea. 
 
 Griesinger's -Disease. Uncinariasis. G.'s 
 Sign. i. An edematous swelling behind the 
 mastoid process in thrombosis of the trans- 
 verse sinus. 2. In thrombosis of the basilar 
 artery, compression of the carotids produces 
 symptoms of cerebral anemia (pallor, syncope, 
 convulsions). This sign is of doubtful value, 
 as it may also be caused by disturbances of 
 the cerebral circulation resulting from car- 
 diac and vascular lesions (especially arterio- 
 sclerosis) . 
 
 Griess' Red Paper. Paper charged with 
 sulfanilic acid and naphthylamin sulfate, used 
 in testing for nitrous acid, nitrites, bilirubin, 
 and aldehyds. G.'s Test for Nitrous Acid, 
 an intense yellow color is produced by the 
 addition of a solution of metadiamidobenzol 
 to a dilute solution containing nitrous acid 
 previously acidified with a few drops of sul- 
 furic acid. G.'s Yellow Paper, paper 
 charged with sulfanilic acid and metadi- 
 amidobenzene ; used as a sensitive test for 
 nitrites. 
 
 Griffith's Mixture. A mixture of iron sulfate, 
 6; myrrh, 18; sugar, 18; potassium carbo- 
 nate, 8; lavender, 50; rose-water, 900. 
 
 Grigg's Test for Proteids. A precipitate is 
 formed with all proteids except peptones on 
 adding a solution of metaphosphoric acid. 
 
 Grinbert's Test for Urobilin. Boil together 
 equal parts of urine and hydrochloric acid 
 and shake with ether. In the presence of 
 urobilin the ether assumes a brownish-red 
 color with a greenish fluorescence. 
 
 Grindelia (grin-de 1 '-le-ah) [after H. Grindel, 
 a German botanist]. The leaves and flower- 
 
 ing tops of G. robusta, wild sunflower or gum- 
 plant, and G. squarrosa. G., Fluidextract 
 of {fluidext? -actum grindelice, U. S. P.). Dose 
 J-i dr. (2-4 Cc). It is used in asthma, 
 bronchitis, and whooping-cough, and locally 
 in rhus-poisoning. 
 
 Grinder {grin'-der) [AS., grindan, to grind]. 
 A molar tooth. ', 
 
 Grinders' Asthma. A fibroid pneumonia, 
 a chronic affection of the lungs resulting 
 from the inspiration of metallic or silicious 
 dust. 
 
 Grip, la Grippe {grip, lah grip). See Influ- 
 enza. 
 
 Gripe {grip) [ME., gripen, to seize]. 1. To 
 suffer griping pain. 2. A spasmodic pain in 
 the bowel. G., Cutting on the, an old 
 method of operating for vesical calculus by 
 cutting down directly on the stone in the 
 perineum after having forced it down with 
 the fingers inserted in the rectum. G. -stick, 
 a tourniquet. 
 
 Gripes {grips) [see Gripe]. Colic; tormina. 
 
 Grippotoxin {grip-o-toks'-in). A name for the 
 
 ' toxin elaborated by Bacillus influenza. 
 
 Grisolle's Sign. The early eruption of small- 
 pox is distinguished from that of measles 
 by the fact that the papules remain distinct 
 to the touch even when the skin is tightly 
 stretched. 
 
 Gristle {gris'-T) [AS., gristel\. Cartilage. 
 
 Grocers' Itch. A peculiar psoriasis or eczema 
 of the hands due to irritation from flour, 
 sugar, etc. 
 
 Groin [Icel., grein, a branch or arm]. The 
 depression between the abdomen and thigh. 
 
 Groove {groov) [D., groe}~\. A furrow or 
 channel. See also Furrow. G., Alveo- 
 lingual, one between the tongue and 
 the lower jaw. G., Bicipital, the deep 
 groove on the anterior surface of the 
 humerus, separating the greater and 
 lesser tuberosities and containing the long 
 tendon of the biceps. G., Cavernous, a 
 broad groove on the superior surface of the 
 sphenoid bone lodging the internal carotid 
 artery and the cavernous sinus. G., Dorsal, 
 the medullary groove. G., Mastoid, the 
 digastric fossa. G., Medullary, a long shal- 
 low furrow that appears along the dorsal 
 line of the neural tube of the embryo. G., 
 Musculo spiral, one on the external aspect 
 of the humerus 'which lodges the musculo- 
 spiral nerve and the superior profunda vessels. 
 G., Neural, the medullary groove. G., 
 Obturator, the furrow at the superior and 
 external border of the obturator foramen 
 lodging the subpubic vessels and nerves when 
 they emerge from the pelvic cavity. G., 
 Peroneal, one on the external aspect of the 
 os calcis lodging the tendon of the peroneus 
 longus. G., Pterygopalatal, G., Pterygo- 
 palatine. 1. One in the ventral aspect of 
 the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. 2. A 
 furrow on the vertical part of the palate bone. 
 G., Radial. See G., Musculospiral. G., 
 Scapular, the scapular notch. G.,Sckmorl's, 
 
GROSS 
 
 460 
 
 GUAIACOL 
 
 that resulting from emphysematous inflation 
 of those portions of the lungs which lie be- 
 tween the ribs. G., Sigmoid. See G., 
 Cavernous. G., Sternal, one lying between 
 the sternum and the pectoral muscles. G., 
 Subcostal, a deep furrow lying along the 
 lower border and inner surface of a rib for 
 lodgment of the intercostal vessels and nerves. 
 G. of Sylvius, the fissure of Sylvius. G., 
 Ventricular, two furrows, one on the anterior, 
 one on the posterior, surface of the heart; 
 they indicate the interventricular septum. 
 G., Verga's Lacrimal, a groove extending 
 downward from the lower orifice of the nasal 
 duct. 
 
 Gross (gros) [Ft., gros, great]. Coarse; large. 
 G. Anatomy. See Anatomy, Gross. 
 
 Gross' Disease. See Physick's Encysted 
 Rectum. 
 
 Ground (grownd) [ME.]. The bottom; soil; 
 earth. G.-bundle, the principal bundle 
 of nerve-fibers in a group, as the 
 ground-bundle of the ventral and lateral 
 columns of the spinal cord. G.-bundle, An- 
 terior, of Flechsig, that portion of the 
 anterior column outside of the direct pyram- 
 idal tracts and running throughout the 
 entire length of the cord; it is made up 
 of fibers having a short course. G.-bundle, 
 Posterior, of Flechsig, Burdach's column. 
 G.-itch. See Itch, Coolie. 
 
 Grove Cell. See Cell, Grove. 
 
 Growing-pains (gro'-ing) [AS., grdwan, to 
 grow; pain]. A term applied to pains in the 
 limbs occurring during youth, and probably of 
 rheumatic origin. 
 
 Gruber's Bursa. The synovial cavity of the 
 tarsal sinus. G.'s Reaction, the addition 
 of some of the culture of Spirillum cholera 
 asiaticce to the serum of an animal rendered 
 immune to cholera causes these organisms to 
 b*ecome nonmotile and to agglutinate. The 
 reaction does not occur with other species. 
 G.'s Test for Hearing, if the end of the 
 finger is inserted into the ear after the sound 
 of a vibrating tuning-fork held before the 
 ear has completely ceased, and the tuning- 
 fork is then firmly placed upon the finger, a 
 weakened sound becomes again audible, and 
 remains so for some time. 
 
 Gruber-Widal's Reaction. See WidaVs Re- 
 action. 
 
 Gruby's Disease. Alopecia areata. 
 
 Gruel (gru'-T) [AS., grut, groats]. A decoction 
 of corn-meal or oatmeal boiled in water to 
 a thick paste. 
 
 Grumous (gru'-mus) [grumus, a little heap]. 
 Clotted; consisting of lumps. 
 
 Grutum (gru' -turn) . See Milium. 
 
 Grymfelt's Triangle. A triangular space 
 bounded above by the twelfth rib and the 
 lower border of the serratus posticus inferior, 
 behind by the anterior border of the quadratus 
 lumborum, and anteriorly by the posterior 
 border of the internal oblique. Lumbar 
 hernia may occur in this space. 
 
 Gryochrome (gri f -o-krom) \ypo, a morsel; 
 
 %pd){ia, color]. A somatochrome nerve-cell 
 the stainable portion of which consists of 
 minute granules which tend to form threads 
 or heaps. 
 
 Gtt. Abbreviation of gutta, or guttce, drop, 
 or drops. 
 
 Guachamaca (gwa-shaw-maw' -kah) . The bark 
 of an apocynaceous tree. G. toxifera, or 
 Malouetia nitida, furnishes a virulent arrow- 
 poison, somewhat resembling curara; it has 
 been employed in tetanus and hydrophobia. 
 Unof. 
 
 Guaco {gwa'-ko). The Mikania guaco and 
 other species of Mikania and Aristolochia, 
 used in South America for snake-bites; it 
 has been employed in rheumatism, gout, 
 and in various skin diseases. Dose of a 
 watery extract 3 min. (0.19 Cc). 
 
 Guaethol (gwa-eth' -ol) . Guaiacol ethyl, C 6 H 4 - 
 OC 2 H 5 OH. It resembles guaiacol in thera- 
 peutic action. Dose 2-4 gr. (0.1-0.25 Gm.). 
 Application, 15% ointment. Syn., Ajacol; 
 Pyrocatechin-monoethyl ether; Thanaiol. 
 
 Guaiac, Guaiacum {gwi'-ak, -um). ' The resin 
 (guaiacum, U. S. P.) of the wood (guaiaci 
 lignum) of G. officinale and G. sanctum. 
 It contains guaiacic acid, C 12 H 16 6 , guaiac- 
 yellow, guaiacene, C 5 H 8 0, guaiacol, and 
 pyroguaiacin. It is alterative, expectorant, 
 and diaphoretic. It is used in syphilis, 
 chronic rheumatism, and gout. G., Tincture 
 of (tinctura guaiaci, U. S. P.), a solution of 
 the resin in alcohol. Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 G., Tincture of, Ammoniated {tinctura 
 guaiaci ammoniata, U. S. P.), a solution 
 of the resin in aromatic spirit of ammonia. 
 This tincture is the preferred one for the 
 administration of guaiac. Dose §-2 dr. 
 (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Guaiacamphol (gwi-ah-kam'-fol). The cam- 
 phoric acid ester of guaiacol; employed in 
 treatment of night-sweats of tuberculosis. 
 Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Guaiacetin (gwi-as' -et-in) . Pyrocatechin -mono- 
 acetate, C 6 H 4 . OH . OCH 2 COOH. It is 
 used like guaiacol in tuberculosis. Dose 
 7^ gr. (0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily and reduced 
 in 3 weeks to 7J gr. (0.5 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Guaiacol (gwi' - ak - ol) [S.A.], C 7 H 8 2 . 
 Methylpyrocatechin, a substance obtained 
 from beechwood creasote and also, syntheti- 
 cally, from pyrocatechin and methylsulfuric 
 acid. It is used as a substitute for creasote 
 in tuberculosis in doses of 3-5 min. (0.19- 
 0.32 Cc); externally it has been employed 
 as an antipyretic, 20-40 min. (1.25-2.5 Cc), 
 being painted on the skin. Syn., Methylcate- 
 chol. G.-benzylester, C 6 H 4 (OCH 3 . OCH 2 .- 
 C 6 H 5 , a local anesthetic. Syn., Brenzcain. 
 G. Biniodid, C 7 H 5 I 2 2 , is alterative and anti- 
 tuberculous. Dose 2 min. (0.12 Cc.) 3 times 
 daily. G. Cacodylate, a stable preparation 
 recommended in tuberculosis. Dose \-2 gr. 
 (0.032-0.13 Gm.). Syn., Cacodiacol; Cacody- 
 liacol. G. Carbonate (guaiacolis carbonas, 
 U. S. P.), (C 7 H 7 0) 2 C0 3 , used in tuberculosis. 
 Dose 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 Gm.) 3 times daily 
 
GUAIACOLATE 
 
 461 
 
 GUINEA-WORM 
 
 and gradually increased to po gr. (6 Gm.) 
 daily. Syn., Ductal. G. Cinnamate. See 
 Styracol. G. Ethyl. See Guaethol. G. Ethyle- 
 nate, CH 3 . C 6 H 4 0-C 2 H 46 . C 6 H 4 OCH 3 , a 
 guaiacol ethylene ester, used in tuberculosis. 
 Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.) twice daily. 
 Syn., Ethylene guaiacol. G.-glycerylester. 
 See Guaiamar. G. Oleate, a reaction- 
 product of oleic acid, guaiacol, and phos- 
 phorus trichlorid; it is antiseptic and antitu- 
 berculous. Dose 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc.) 3 
 times daily in capsules. Syn., Oleo guaiacol. 
 G.-phosphal,G.Phosphite,P(OC 6 H 4 OCH 3 ) 3 , 
 used in tuberculosis. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 
 Gm.) daily. G. Phosphate, (C G H 4 OCH 3 ) 3 - 
 P0 4 , obtained from guaiacol dissolved in 
 soda solution with addition of phosphorus 
 oxychlorid; used in fever of tuberculosis. 
 Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.) every 3 or 4 hours. 
 G. Salicylate, G.-salol, C 14 Hi 2 4 , is an 
 intestinal antiseptic and is employed in phthi- 
 sis, dysentery, rheumatism, etc. Dose 15 
 gr. (1 Gm.) several times daily; maximum 
 dose 150 gr. (10 Gm.) a day. G. Succinate, 
 (C 6 H 4 OCH 3 ) 2 C 4 H 4 4 , obtained from a mix- 
 ture of guaiacol and succinic acid with phos- 
 phorus oxychlorid. Dose 2 min. (0.12 Cc.) 
 3 times daily in tuberculosis. G. Valerate, 
 G. Valerianate, an oily liquid used in pul- 
 monary affections and for hypodermatic 
 injection in tuberculous joints. Dose 3-9 
 gr. (0.2-0.6 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., 
 Geosote. 
 
 Guaiacolate (gwi-aW -ol-at) . A combination 
 of guaiacol with a base. 
 
 Guaiacyl {gwi'-as-il), C 7 H 7 2 S0 3 . The cal- 
 cium salt of a sulfocompound of guaiacol; 
 used as a local anesthetic injected in quanti- 
 ties of 8-25 gr. (0.5-1.5 Gm.) of a 5 % solution 
 or 15 gr. (1 Gm.) of a 10% solution. 
 
 Guaiamar (gwi'-am-ar), C C H 4 . OC 3 H 7 2 .- 
 OCH 3 , guaiacolgly eery lest er; employed in 
 tuberculosis and as an intestinal antiseptic. 
 Dose 5-20 gr. (0.33-1.33 Gm.) before meals. 
 It is also applied in arthritis. 
 
 Guaiaperol (gwi-ap'-er-ol). See Piperidin 
 Guaiacolate. 
 
 Guaiaquin (gwi'-ah-kwin), (C ? H 4 2 CH 3 HS0 3 ) ? - 
 C^H^NgO^, the guaiacol bisulfonate of qui- 
 nin; it is used in malaria, typhoid fever, 
 anemia, etc. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.65 Gm.) 
 3 times daily. Syn., Quinin guaiacol bisul- 
 fonate. 
 
 Guanin {gwah'-nin) [see Guano], C 5 H 5 N 5 0. 
 A leukomain found in the pancreas, liver, 
 and in muscle-extract as a decomposition-pro- 
 duct of nuclein. It also occurs in guano, 
 and is nonpoisonous. See Capranica. 
 
 Guano {gwah'-no) [Per., huanu, dung]. The 
 excrement of sea-fowl found on certain islands 
 in the Pacific Ocean. It contains guanin and 
 alkaline urates and phosphates, and is used 
 externally in certain skin diseases. 
 
 Guarana {gwah-rah' -nah) [Braz.]. A dried 
 paste prepared from the seeds of Paullinia 
 cupana, found in Brazil. It contains an alka- 
 loid, guaranin, C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 . H 2 0, identical 
 
 with caffein. It is employed in nervous 
 sick -headaches. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.); of 
 guaranin 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.19 Gm.). G., 
 Fluidextract of {fluidextr actum guarana, U. 
 S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
 Guarnieri's Vaccine-bodies. See Cytoryctes. 
 Guavacin (gwah'-vas-in), C 6 H 9 N0 2 . An alka- 
 loid forming colorless crystals soluble in 
 water, obtained from areca-nut, Areca catechu. 
 It is used as an anthelmintic. 
 Gubernaculum {gu-ber-nak e -u-lum) [L., "a 
 rudder"]. A guiding structure. G. dentis, 
 a bundle of fibrous tissue connecting the 
 tooth-sac of a permanent tooth with the gum. 
 G., Hunter's, G. hunteri. See G. testis. 
 G. testis, the conic cord attached above to the 
 lower end of the epididymis, below to the 
 bottom of the scrotum, and governing the 
 descent of the testes. 
 Gubler's Hemiplegia. Hemiplegia of the 
 extremities with crossed paralysis of the 
 cranial motor nerves, especially the facial. 
 G.'s Line, an imaginary line connecting the 
 superficial points of origin of the trifacial 
 nerves on the lower surface of the pons. A 
 lesion of the pons below this line causes 
 crossed paralysis. G.'s Tumor, a distention 
 of the synovial sheaths on the dorsum of the 
 hand in palsies of the antibrachial type, and 
 particularly in lead palsy, 
 (von) Gudden's Inferior Commissure. See 
 Commissure, Gudden's Inferior. v. G.'s 
 Hemispheric Bundle, one in the optic tract 
 passing over to the most lateral portion of the 
 base of the peduncle and thence to the cere- 
 bral hemisphere, v. G.'s Law, the proximal 
 end of a divided nerve undergoes cellulipetal 
 degeneration. 
 Gueneau de Mussey's Point. See under 
 
 Mussey. 
 Guenz's Ligament. The ligamentous fibers 
 of the obturator membrane which form the 
 upper and inner wall of the canal transmit- 
 ting the obturator vessels and nerves. 
 Guenzburg's Test for Free Hydrochloric 
 Acid in Gastric Juice. Two drops of a 
 solution consisting of phloroglucin, 2 Gm.; 
 vanillin, 1 Gm.; alcohol, 30 Cc, mixed with 
 2 drops of filtered gastric juice, are carefully 
 heated in a porcelain capsule. The presence 
 of free HC1 is indicated by the appearance 
 of a bright-red color; if absent, the color 
 will be brown or brownish -red. 
 Guerin's Glands. See Skene's Glands. G.'s 
 Sinus, the lacuna magna, situated in the 
 mesial line of the upper wall of the urethra, 
 near the external meatus. G.'s Valve, a fold 
 of mucous membrane bounding Guerin's 
 sinus. 
 Guidi's Canal. See Canal, Vidian. 
 Guinea-worm. Filaria medinensis, a nema- 
 tode worm of the tropics, occasionally para- 
 sitic in human tissues. G. Disease, a disease 
 caused by the presence of Filaria medinensis 
 in the subcutaneous cellular tissue of various 
 parts of the body, particularly the feet and 
 legs. 
 
GUINON'S DISEASE 
 
 462 
 
 GYNOCYANAURIDZARIN 
 
 Guinon's Disease. Tic de Guinon. See 
 Tourette's (Gilles de la) Disease. 
 
 Gujasanol (gu-jas'-an-ol). See Diethyl Glyco- 
 coll-guaiacol Hydro chlorate. 
 
 Gull's Disease. Myxedema. 
 
 Gullet (gul'-ei). See Esophagus. 
 
 Gullstrand's Law. See Law, Gullstrand's. 
 
 Gull-Sutton's Disease. Arteriocapillary fibro- 
 sis; diffuse arteriosclerosis. 
 
 Gull-Toynbee's Law. In otitis media the 
 cerebellum and lateral sinus are likely to be- 
 come involved by mastoid disease, while the 
 cerebrum is threatened by caries of the roof 
 of the tympanum. 
 
 Gum [gummi, gum], i. A concrete vegetable 
 juice exuded from many plants. When 
 treated with nitric acid it yields mucic acid. 
 Gums are either entirely soluble in water or 
 swell up in it into a viscid mass. Various 
 names are given to gums, usually indicating 
 the place whence exported. 2. The gingiva. 
 G.-arabic. See Acacia. G., Benjamin-. See 
 Benzoin. G., Blue. Synonym of Eucalyptus 
 globulus. G., Spongy, interstitial infiltration 
 and thickening of the gums with dilation of 
 the capillaries, due to scurvy or analogous 
 conditions. G. Tragacanth. See Traga- 
 canth. 
 
 Gumma (gum'-ah) [gum]. The gummy tumor 
 characterizing the tertiary stage of syphilis. 
 It consists of granulation tissue, with giant- 
 cells, and is the seat of a peculiar degen- 
 eration which causes the gummy appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Gummatous (gum'-at-us) [gumma]. Of the na- 
 ture of or affected with gummas. 
 
 Gummide (gum' -id). Any compound which 
 yields glucose on decomposition with acids or 
 alkalis. 
 
 Guncotton (gun' -kot-n) . See Pyroxylin. 
 
 Gun j ah (gun' -j ah). The official part of 
 Indian hemp, consisting of the dried flowering- 
 tops of the female plant, from which the rosin 
 has not been removed. Syn., Ganjah. 
 
 Gunn's Dots. Brilliant white dots seen, on 
 oblique illumination, about the macula lutea; 
 they do not seem to be pathologic. 
 
 Gunstock Deformity. One caused by fracture 
 of either condyle of the humerus, in which 
 the long axis of the fully extended forearm 
 deviates outwardly from that of the arm. 
 
 Gurgling [Dan., gurgle, gargle]. The peculiar 
 sound caused by the passage of gas through a 
 liquid. It is observed upon palpation of the 
 abdomen in enteric fever and other condi- 
 tions in which the bowel is distended with 
 gas and contains liquid. G. Rale, a sound 
 heard over the chest when the bronchi or 
 pulmonary cavities contain fluid. 
 
 Gurjun Balsam (ger'-jun). An oleoresin ob- 
 tained from several species of Dipterocarpus. 
 trees native to southern Asia. It is similar to 
 copaiba, but more decided in therapeutic 
 effects, and is less unpleasant. It is used as an 
 expectorant, and in leprosy and gonorrhea. 
 Dose 15-40 min. (1.0-2.6 Cc). Syn., Bal- 
 samum dipterocarpi; Wood-oil. 
 
 Gustatory (gus'-ta-to-re) [gustare, to taste]. 
 Pertaining to taste. G. Bud, a taste-bud. 
 G. Nerve. See under Nerve. 
 
 Gut [ME.]. The intestine. G., Blind, the 
 cecum. 
 
 Guthrie's Muscle. The deep transversus 
 perinsei. 
 
 Gutta ((gut'-ah) [L.]. A drop. G. rosacea, 
 acne rosacea. G. serena, amaurosis. 
 
 Guttapercha (gut-ah-per'-cha) [Malayan gutta, 
 gum; pertja, the tree furnishing the gum]. 
 The concrete juice of Dichopsis gutta and 
 other species of the natural order Sapotacece. 
 It is used to make splints, as a dressing for 
 wounds, and as a vehicle for caustic sub- 
 stances. 
 
 Guttatim (gut-a'-tim) [L.]. Drop by drop. 
 
 Guttiform (gut' -e- form) [gutta; forma, form]. 
 Drop-shaped. 
 
 Guttur (gut'-er) [L.]. The throat. 
 
 Guttural (gut'-u-ral) [guttur]. Pertaining to 
 the throat. 
 
 Gutturotetany (gut -u-ro- tet' -an-e) [guttur; 
 tetanus]. A form of stuttering in which the 
 pronunciation of such sounds as g, k, q, is 
 difficult. 
 
 Guye's Sign'. Aprosexia occurring in child- 
 hood with adenoid vegetations of the naso- 
 pharynx. 
 
 Guyon's Isthmus. Narrowing and prolon- " 
 gation of the internal os uteri, which thus 
 forms a small canal; it is not pathologic. 
 G.'s Sign, ballottement in cases of renal 
 tumor. 
 
 Gymnastics (jim-nas'-tiks) [yo\ivbg, naked]. 
 Physical exercise, especially systematic ex- 
 ercise, for the purpose of restoring or main- 
 taining the bodily health. G., Antagonistic, 
 G., Resistance-, physical exercise engaged 
 in by two persons, the one resisting the other, 
 as that adopted in the Schott treatment for 
 cardiac affections. G., Ocular, regular mus- 
 cular exercise of the eye by the use of prisms 
 or other means to overcome muscular insuffi- 
 ciency. G., Swedish, a system of exercises 
 to restore strength to paretic muscles, con- 
 sisting in movements made by the patient 
 against the resistance of an attendant. 
 
 Gymnobacteria (jim-no-bak-te' -re-ah) [gymnos; 
 bacteria]. Nonflagellate bacteria. 
 
 Gymnoplast (jim r -no-plast) [gymnos; tcXolooecv, 
 to form]. A protoplasmic body without a 
 limiting membrane. 
 
 Gynatresia (gin-at-re'-ze-ah) [ywr], woman; 
 drpf)a'ca, atresia]. Imperforation of the 
 vagina. 
 
 Gynecean, Gynecian (gin-e-se'-anj [yovq, 
 woman]. Pertaining to women. 
 
 Gynecology (gin-e-kol'-o-je) [juvtj, woman; 
 Xoyoc, science]. The science of the diseases 
 of women, especially of those affecting the 
 sexual organs. 
 
 Gynephobia (gin-e-fo'-be-ah) [yovi], woman; 
 4>6{3oc, fear]. Morbid aversion to the society 
 of women. 
 
 Gynocyanauridzarin (gin-o-si-an-aw-rid'-za- 
 rin), (C 9 H 21 7 ) 2 KCNOAu 3 , used in leprosy, 
 
GYPSUM 
 
 463' 
 
 HALLER'S ANSA 
 
 tertiary syphilis, tuberculosis, psoriasis, etc. 
 
 Dose Tnkimh gr- (0.03-0.2 mg.) 3 times 
 
 daily. 
 Gypsum (jip'-sum) [yuipoc, chalk], CuS0 4 + 
 
 2H 2 0. Native calcium sulfate. Deprived 
 
 of its water of crystallization it constitutes 
 
 plaster-of-paris. 
 Gyroma (ji-ro'-mah) [yupoc, a circle]. Myoma 
 
 to degenerative changes in the fibrous tissue 
 surrounding old contracting corpora lutea. 
 Gyromele (p'-rom-eV) [gyros; fieXe, a kind of 
 cup]. Of Turck, a stomach-tube or probe 
 with a rotating center, which can be fitted 
 with various attachments and used in esti- 
 mating the size of the stomach, cleansing, mas- 
 sage of the walls, securing cultures, etc. 
 of the ovary in which the fibrous tissue Gyrus (ji'-rus) [gyros; pi., gyri\. A convolu- 
 presents a wavy appearance; it is ascribed tion of the brain. See Convolution. 
 
 H 
 
 H. 1. Symbol of hydrogen 1 . 2. Abbreviation 
 of hyperopia and of haustus, a draught. 
 
 Haab's Pupil-reflex. If a bright object al- 
 ready present in the visual field is looked at, 
 the pupils contract, while there is no appre- 
 ciable change during convergence or accom- 
 modation. This points to a cortical lesion. 
 
 Habenula {hab-en' -u-lah) [habena, a rein]. 
 1. A ribbon-like structure; a name applied 
 to different portions of the basilar membrane 
 of the internal ear. 2. A peduncle of the 
 pineal gland. Habenulae, Ganglion, a small, 
 club-shaped body on the mesial surface of 
 the optic thalamus, in which the correspond- 
 ing peduncle of the pineal gland terminates. 
 
 Habit (hab'-it) [habere, to have]. 1. The gen- 
 eral condition or appearance of an individual, 
 as a full habit, a condition of plethora indi- 
 cated by congestion of the superficial vessels 
 and obesity. 2. /The tendency to repeat an 
 action or condition. H. -spasm, H. -chorea, 
 a spasmodic, constantly recurring movement 
 of certain voluntary muscles, usually seen 
 in children. 
 
 Habitat {hab'-it-at) [habitare, to dwell]. The 
 natural home of an animal or vegetal species. 
 
 Habitus {hab'-it-us) [habere, to have]. General 
 appearance or expression. 
 
 Hachement (hahsh-mon(g) ) [Fr., "hacking" 
 or "chopping"]. A form of massage consist- 
 ing of a succession of strokes performed with 
 the edge of the extended fingers or with the 
 whole hand. 
 
 Hacking {hak'-ing). See Hachement. 
 
 Hadernkrankheit (hah' -dern-kronk-hlt) [Ger.]. 
 A disease of rag-pickers, by some supposed 
 to be anthrax; others look upon it as malig- 
 nant edema. 
 
 Haema- (hem-ah-). See Hema-. 
 
 Haeser's Coefficient. See Christison's For- 
 mula. 
 
 Haffkine's Method. See under Immunization. 
 H.'s Prophylactic, H.'s Serum, H.'s 
 Virus. See Serum, Haffkine's. 
 
 Haffkinin (haf -kin-in) . Haffkine's plague 
 serum. See Serum, Haffkine's. 
 
 Haidinger's Brushes. A brush-like image 
 seen on directing the eye toward a source 
 
 of polarized light, due to the doubly refrac- 
 tive character of the elements of the macula. 
 
 Haines' Solution for Detecting Glucose. 
 Copper sulfate, 3; potassium hydroxid, 9; 
 glycerol, 100; water, 600. Use as Fehling's 
 solution; a red precipitate will be formed. 
 
 Hair [AS., har\ A delicate filament growing 
 from the skin of mammals; collectively, all 
 the filaments forming the covering of the 
 skin. Hair is a modified epidermal structure, 
 and consists of a shaft and a root, the latter 
 expanded at its end into the hair-bulb, which 
 is concave and caps the hair -papilla. H.-cell, 
 an epithelial cell with delicate, hair-like pro- 
 cesses, as, e. g., the hair-cells of the organ 
 of Corti. H. -follicle, the depression in the 
 corium and subcutaneous connective tissue 
 containing the root of the hair. 
 
 Halimetry (hal-im'-et-re) [aXc, salt; [ikxpov, a 
 measure]. The process of determining the 
 quantity of salts in a mixture. 
 
 Halisteresis (hal-is-ter-e' -sis) \akc, salt; oxkp- 
 fjocc, privation]. The loss of lime-salts of 
 bone. 
 
 Halitus (hal'-it-us) £L.]. A vapor, as that ex- 
 pired from the lung. 
 
 Hall's (Marshall) Disease. Hydrocephaloid 
 occurring in infants suffering from severe 
 chronic intestinal catarrh. H.'s Facies, the 
 prominent forehead and small features pecu- 
 liar to hydrocephalus. 
 
 Haller's Ansa. A loop formed in front of 
 the internal jugular vein by a small nerve 
 branching off from the facial just below the 
 stylomastoid foramen, and joining the glosso- 
 pharyngeal a little below Andersch's gan- 
 glion. It is not constant. H.'s Circle. See 
 Circle, Haller's. H.'s Colic Omentum, a 
 process of the upper right border of the 
 greater omentum which may become adherent 
 to the testis during fetal life and be included 
 in the sac of an inguinal hernia. H.'s Cones, 
 the coni vasculosi of the epididymis, small 
 conic masses made up of the convolutions of 
 the efferent tubules of the testicle. They 
 form part of the globus major, and their 
 tubules opening into a common duct form the 
 origin of the vas deferens. H.'s Congen- 
 
HALLOPEAU'S DISEASE 
 
 464 
 
 HAND 
 
 ital Hernia. See Malgaigne's Hernia. 
 H.'s Fretum. See H.'s Isthmus. H.'s 
 Habenula, the slender cord formed by the 
 obliteration of the canal which during early 
 life connects the cavity of the peritoneum with 
 that of the tunica vaginalis. H.'s Isthmus, 
 the constriction which separates the ventricle 
 from the aortic bulb during early fetal life. 
 Syn., Fretum halleri. H.'s Network, the 
 rete vasculosum of the testis. H.'s Plexus, 
 the network formed by branches of the ex- 
 ternal laryngeal and sympathetic nerves on 
 the outer surface of the inferior constrictor 
 pharyngis. Syn., Halter's laryngeal plexus. 
 H.'s Splendid Line, the longitudinal fibrous 
 band of the pia corresponding to the site 
 of the anterior median fissure of the spinal 
 cord. Syn., Lima splendens. H.'s Tripod, 
 the celiac axis. Syn., Tripus halleri. H.'s 
 Tunica vasculosa, the lamina vasculosa of 
 the choroid. H.'s Vas aberrans, a small, 
 convoluted duct connected with the tail of 
 the epididymis or the beginning of the vas 
 deferens. H.'s Venous Circle, an incom- 
 plete circle of superficial veins frequently seen 
 through the integument of the mammas, 
 especially during lactation. 
 
 Hallopeau's Disease. Chronic pustular der- 
 matitis, a form of Neumann's disease. 
 
 Hallucal (haV-u-kal) [hallux]. Pertaining to the 
 hallux, or great toe. 
 
 Hallucination {ha-lu-sin-a' -shun) [alucinari, 
 to wander in mind]. A false sense-perception; 
 it is the perception of an object or phenom- 
 enon which has no external existence, as 
 hallucination of sight, sound, smell, taste, or 
 touch. 
 
 Hallux (hal'-uks) [L.]. The great toe. H. 
 valgus, displacement of the great toe 
 toward the other toes. H. varus, displace- 
 ment of the great toe away from the other 
 toes. 
 
 Halo {ha'-lo) [a\a>c, a round threshing-floor]. 
 i. The areola of the nipple. 2. The luminous 
 circles seen about a light. 
 
 Halogen (hal'-o-jen) [dXc, salt; yevvav, to pro- 
 duce]. A univalent element that forms a 
 compound of a saline nature by its direct 
 union with a metal. The halogens are chlorin, 
 iodin, bromin, and fluorin. H. Acid, an acid 
 formed by the combination of a halogen with 
 hydrogen. 
 
 Haloid (hal'-oid) [dXc, salt; eldoc, likeness]. 
 Resembling sea-salt. H. Salts, any one of 
 those compounds that consist of a metal 
 directly united to chlorin, bromin, iodin, or 
 fluorin. 
 
 Halology (Jial-oV -o-je) [oUo, salt; Xbyog, science]. 
 The chemistry of salts. 
 
 Haloscope {hal'-o-skop) [aAf, salt; okotzecv, to 
 examine]. An apparatus for determining the 
 amount of salt in a solution. 
 
 Halstern's Disease. Endemic syphilis. 
 
 Ham [AS., hamm]. The back part of the knee; 
 the popliteal space. 
 
 Hamamelis (ham-a-me' '-lis) [a/xa, together with; 
 pifjXov, apple]. Witch-hazel. H, Bark (hama- 
 
 melidis cortex, U. S. P.), the bark and twigs of 
 Hamamelis virginiana, used in the prepara- 
 tion of hamamelis water. H. Leaves (hama- 
 melidis folia, U. S. P.), the leaves of Hama- 
 melis virginiana, used in preparing the fluid- 
 extract. H. Leaves, Fluidextract of (fluidex- 
 tractum hamamelidis foliorum, U. S. P.), fre- 
 quently employed as an astringent gargle in sub- 
 acute sore throat; internally as a hemostatic, 
 and in suppository or ointment in the treatment 
 of bleeding piles. Dose 5-40 min. (0.3-2.6 Cc). 
 H. Water {aqua hamamelidis, U. S. P.), an 
 aqueous extract of hamamelis bark; under 
 the name of extract of witch-hazel it is a 
 popular household remedy. Dose J-i dr. (2-4 
 Cc). 
 
 Hamilton's Test. In dislocation of the shoul- 
 der-joint a ruler applied to the dislocated 
 humerus may be made to touch the acromion 
 and external condyle at the same time. 
 
 Hammarsten's Test for Globulin. To the 
 neutral solution add powdered magnesium 
 sulfate until no more of the salt dissolves. 
 Separate the globulin thus precipitated by 
 filtration, and wash with a saturated solution 
 of magnesium sulfate. H.'s Theory of 
 Blood-coagulation, that paraglobulin takes 
 no part in the process, there being only two 
 factors, fibrinogen and fibrin-ferment. The 
 action of the ferment splits the fibrinogen 
 into fibrin, which is insoluble, and into fibrin- 
 globulin, which remains in solution. 
 
 Hammer {ham'-er) [ME., hamer]. 1. In anat- 
 omy, the malleus. 2. An instrument for strik- 
 ing. H., Mayor's, one with rounded faces 
 to produce counterirritation on the skin by 
 application when heated. H., Neef, H., 
 Wagner, an interrupter or circuit-breaker 
 employed with many induction-coils. H., 
 Percussion-, a plexor. H., Thermal, a 
 hammer-shaped cautery-iron. H.-toe, a 
 term applied to a condition of the second toe 
 in which the proximal phalanx is extremely 
 extended while the two distal phalanges are 
 flexed. 
 
 Hammerman's Cramp. A spasmodic, often 
 painless affection of the muscles of the upper 
 extremity; it is seen in those who use a ham- 
 mer, and is due to overuse. 
 
 Hammond's Disease. Athetosis. 
 
 Hamose (ham'-oz) [hamus, a hook]. Hooked 
 at the apex. 
 
 Hamstring. The tendons bounding the ham 
 above on the outer and inner side. H., 
 Inner, the tendons of the semimembranosus, 
 sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus mus- 
 cles. H., Outer, the tendons of the biceps 
 flexor cruris. 
 
 Hamular (ham'-u-lar) [hamus]. Pertaining to 
 or shaped like a hook. 
 
 Hamulus (ham'-u-lus) [dim. of hamus, sl hook]. 
 A hook-shaped process, as of a bone. H. of 
 the Cochlea, the hook-like process of the 
 osseous lamina at the cupola. 
 
 Hand [ME.]. The organ of prehension in 
 bimana and quadrumana, composed of the 
 carpus, the metacarpus, and the phalanges. 
 
HANDKERCHIEF 
 
 465 
 
 HAY-FEVER 
 
 H., Ape-, H., Claw-, H., Monkey-. See 
 
 Claw-hand. 
 
 Handkerchief {hang'-ker-chi}) [ME., hand; 
 kerchef, a kerchief]. A square piece of cloth 
 for wiping the face or nose. H. -dressing, 
 a form of temporary dressing for wounds and 
 fractures, made of handkerchiefs. 
 
 Hangnail (hang'-ndl). A partly detached 
 piece of epidermis at the root of the nail, the 
 friction against which has caused inflamma- 
 tion of the abraded surface. 
 
 Hankin's Defensive Proteids. Germicidal 
 globulins found by Hankin in the blood of 
 certain animals and giving immunity to cer- 
 tain toxins. 
 
 Hannover's Canal. The artificial passage 
 produced between the anterior and posterior 
 fibers of the zonules of Zinn by the injection 
 of a viscous fluid. H.'s Intermediate Mem- 
 brane, the enamel membrane; the inner, cel- 
 lular layer of the enamel-organ of the dental 
 germ of the fetus. 
 
 Hanot's Disease. Hypertrophic cirrhosis of 
 the liver with icterus. 
 
 Hapalonychia (hap-al-o-nik' -e-ah) [dnaXoc , soft 
 to the touch; 3vu£, nail]. A soft condition of 
 the nails. 
 
 Haphalgesia (haf-al-je'-ze-ah) [&<f>7), touch; 
 aXyoc, pain]. A feeling of pain produced by 
 merely touching an object. 
 
 Haptic (hap'-tik) [aTzrdf, subject to the sense 
 of touch]. Pertaining to touch; tactile. 
 
 Haptine (hap'-ten) [amecv, to bind]. In Ehr- 
 lich's lateral-chain theory, any thrown-off 
 receptor. 
 
 Haptogen (hap'-to-jen) \aTzrecv, to bind; yevvdv, 
 to produce]. A pellicle forming around fatty 
 matter when brought into contact with albu- 
 min. Syn., Haptogenic membrane. 
 
 Haptophil (hap'-to-fil) [axrecv, to bind; fatelv, 
 to love]. In Ehrlich's side-chain theory ap- 
 plied to a receptor having an affinity for the 
 haptophore of a toxin. 
 
 Haptophore {hap' -to -for) {anxccv, to bind; 
 (f>kpscv, to bear]. That complex of atoms of 
 a toxic unit which unites it to the cell-receptor. 
 
 Hardening (hard' '-en-ing) [AS., hearde, hard]. 
 A stage in the preparation of tissues for 
 microscopic examination in which they are 
 rendered firm, so that they may, after embed- 
 ding, be readily cut. 
 
 Harderian Gland (har-de'-re-an). A race- 
 mose gland located at the inner canthus of 
 the eye of most vertebrates, and especially 
 of those having a well-developed nictitating 
 membrane, first described by John Jacob 
 Harder, a Swiss anatomist. 
 
 Hardy -Behier's Symptom. See Behier- 
 Hardy's Symptom. 
 
 Harelip. Congenital fissure of the lip, due to 
 arrested facial development. H., Compli- 
 cated, that with cleft or malformation of the 
 superior maxillary bone also. H., Double, 
 two clefts of the lip or one of each lip. H. 
 Suture, a figure-of-8 suture about a pin 
 thrust through the lips of the freshened edges 
 of the cleft. 
 3i 
 
 Harley's Disease. See Dressier 's Disease. 
 
 Harmony (har'-mo-ne) [dp/jtovia, harmony]. A 
 form of articulation between two bones that 
 are closely and immovably apposed. 
 
 Harrison's Groove. A curve extending from 
 the level of the ensiform cartilage toward the 
 axilla, and corresponding to the insertion of 
 the diaphragm; it is pronounced in rickets. 
 
 Harrowing (har' -o-ing) . The action of teasing 
 the fibers of a nerve or tearing them apart 
 with any blunt instrument. — 
 
 Hartmann's Fossa. A small, infundibular 
 fossa of the peritoneum lying between Turn- 
 er's inferior ligament and the mesoappendix. 
 Syn., Fossa ileoccecalis infima. 
 
 Hartshorn (harts' -horn). 1. Cornu cervi, 
 the horn of the stag, formerly a source of 
 ammonia, or spirit of hartshorn. 2. A name 
 popularly given to ammonia-water. 
 
 Hashish (hash'-esh). See Cannabis. 
 
 Hasner's Valve. An inconstant valvular fold 
 of mucosa at the inferior meatus of the nasal 
 duct. 
 
 Hassall's Bodies. Concentrically striated 
 corpuscles, apparently of a degenerative char- 
 acter, found in the thymus gland. H.'s Test, 
 the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisice, ob- 
 served under the microscope, is indicative of 
 the presence of sugar in the urine. 
 
 Haunch (hawnsh) [Fr., hanche]. The part of 
 the body including the hips and the buttocks. 
 H.-bone, the innominate bone. 
 
 Haustus (haws' -tus) [hauriri, to draw]. A 
 draught. 
 
 Havers' Canals. See Canals, Haversian. H.'s 
 Glands, fatty bodies connected with the syno- 
 vial fringes of most of the joints. They were 
 believed by Havers to secrete the synovia. 
 Syn., GlandulcB mucilaginosce. H.'s Lamel- 
 las, the concentric lamellas of bone which 
 form the haversian canals. H.'s Spaces, 
 large, irregularly shaped spaces found chiefly 
 in growing bones. H.'s System, the concen- 
 tric arrangement of the bony lamellas, usually 
 8 or 10 in number, around a haversian canal. 
 
 Hawking (haw' -king) [ME., hauk, to hawk]. 
 Clearing the throat by a forcible expiration. 
 
 Hay's Method. A method of removing drop- 
 sical effusions by producing frequent serous 
 evacuations by means of saline cathartics 
 combined with a dry diet. 
 
 Hay-asthma. See Hay-fever. 
 
 Hayem's Corpuscles, H.'s Hematoblasts. 
 See Bizzozero's Blood-platelets. H.'s Dis- 
 ease, apoplectiform myelitis. H.'s Solution, 
 used in the microscopic examination of blood; 
 it consists of sodium chlorid, 1 Gm.; sodium 
 sulfate, 5 Gm.; mercuric chlorid, 0.5 Gm.; 
 dissolved in 200 Cc. of distilled water. 
 
 Hay-fever. An acute affection of the con- 
 junctiva and upper air-passages, coming on 
 periodically at certain seasons of the year, 
 especially in summer and autumn, in persons 
 predisposed to the disease. The exciting 
 factor in some cases is the pollen of grasses; 
 in others the disease seems to be caused 
 reflexly by polyps and other diseased condi- 
 
HAYGARTH'S NODES 
 
 466 
 
 HEART 
 
 tions of the nose. The chief symptoms are 
 coryza, sneezing, headache, cough, and asth- 
 matic attacks. Syn., Hay-asthma; Hay-cold. 
 
 Haygarth's Nodes. Nodosities of the joints 
 in arthritis deformans. 
 
 Hb. Abbreviation of hemoglobin. 
 
 Head (hed) [ME., hed]. i. The uppermost 
 part of the body; that part of the body 
 containing the brain, the organs of sight, 
 smell, taste, and hearing, and part of the 
 organs of speech. 2. The top, beginning, or 
 most prominent part of anything, as the head 
 of the femur, the head of the muscle, etc. 
 H.-drop, a peculiar disease seen in Japan 
 during the spring and early summer, sup- 
 posed to be miasmatic in origin. It is at- 
 tended with inability to hold the head erect, 
 paralytic symptoms in the limbs, and optic 
 disorders. One attack predisposes to others. 
 H.-gut. See Foregut. H. -kidney, proneph- 
 ros H. -louse, pediculus capitis. H., Scald, 
 H., Scalled, any scabby disease of the scalp. 
 
 Headache {hed' -ok). Pain in the head. 
 The following varieties of headache are de- 
 scribed: local, general; organic, functional; 
 toxemic — alcoholic, caffeinic, diabetic, lith- 
 emic, malarial, rheumatic, uremic; reflex — 
 gastric, ocular, nasal, uterine; cardiac, pul- 
 monic, anemic, congestive; hysteric, neu- 
 rasthenic. Syn., Cephalalgia. H., Acad- 
 emy. See H., Panorama. H., Bilious, 
 migraine. H., Ocular, pain in and about 
 the head that results from ametropia, organic 
 disease in, or from impaired function of, any 
 part of the visual apparatus. H., Pano- 
 rama, H., Sightseer's, headache resulting 
 from the strain of the eyes exposed to brilliant 
 lights or moving objects, etc. H., Sick, 
 migraine. H., Theater. See H '., Panorama. 
 
 Healing {he' -ling) [AS., Man, to heal]. The 
 process or act of getting well or of making 
 whole; especially the getting well of an ulcer 
 or wound. H. by First Intention, H., 
 Primary, the union of two accurately apposed 
 surfaces without any visible granulating pro- 
 cess. H. by Second Intention, healing 
 through the medium of granulations, which fill 
 up the gap of the wound. H. by Third Inten- 
 tion, that in which the two granulating sur- 
 faces are approximated so as to unite and heal 
 readily. 
 
 Health (helth) [see Healing]. That con- 
 dition of the body in which all the functions 
 are performed normally. 
 
 Hearing (he' -ring) [AS., hyran, to hear]. The 
 special sense by which the sonorous vibrations 
 of the air are communicated to the mind. 
 The organ of hearing is the ear, whence the 
 vibrations are carried by the auditory nerve 
 to the center of hearing, situated in the tem- 
 porosphenoid lobe of the cerebrum. H., 
 Double, diplacusis. H., Eitelberg's Test 
 for. See Eitelberg. 
 
 Heart (hart) [AS., heorte]. A hollow, muscu- 
 lar organ, the function of which is to pump 
 the blood through the vessels. It is en- 
 veloped by a serous sac called the peri- 
 
 Anatomy of the Heart (Right Side). — {Holden.) 
 , Cavity of right auricle. 2. Appendix auriculae. 3. Su- 
 perior vena cava. 4. Inferior vena cava. 5. Fossa 
 ovalis; the prominent ridge surrounding it is the an- 
 nulus ovalis. 6. Eustachian valve. 7. Opening of the 
 coronary vein. 8. Coronary valve. 9. Entrance of 
 the auriculoventricular opening. Between the figures 
 1 and 9 several foramina thebesii are seen. a. Right 
 ventricle, b, c. Cavity of right ventricle, e, }. Tri- 
 cuspid valve. g. Long columna carnea. h. The 
 "long moderator band." i. The two columnar car- 
 neae of the right curtain, k. Attachment of chordae 
 tendineae of the left limb of the anterior curtain. /, I. 
 Chordae tendineae of the " fixed curtain " of the valve. 
 tn. Valve of the pulmonary artery, n. Apex of left 
 appendix auriculae. 0. Left ventricle, p. Ascending 
 aorta. q. Its transverse portion. r. Descending 
 aorta. 
 
 Anatomy of the Heart (Left Side). — {Holden.) 
 1. Cavity of left auricle. 2. Cavity of the appendix auric- 
 ulae. 3. Opening of the two right pulmonary veins. 
 
 4. The sinus into which the left pulmonary veins open. 
 
 5. Left pulmonary veins. 6. Auriculoventricular open- 
 ing. 7. Coronary vein. 8. Left ventricle. 9, 9. 
 Cavity Of the left ventricle, a. Mitral valve, b, b, b. 
 Columnas carneae. c, c. Fixed columnae carneae. d. 
 Arch of the aorta, e. Pulmonary artery. /. Obliter- 
 ated ductus arteriosus, g. Left pulmonary artery, h. 
 Right ventricle, i. Point of the appendix of right 
 auricle. 
 
HEART-BERG 
 
 467 
 
 HECATOMERAL 
 
 cardium, and consists of two symmetric 
 halves, a right auricle and ventricle and a left 
 auricle and ventricle. The right auriculo- 
 ventricular orifice is guarded by the tricuspid 
 valve; the left by a valve with two leaflets — 
 the mitral. These valves are broad and thin, 
 consisting of two layers of the lining mem- 
 brane of the heart, the endocardium, separated 
 by a slight amount of connective tissue. To 
 support them, thin chorda tendinece join their 
 free margins to the muscles in the wall of the 
 ventricle — the columnce carnece. The outlet of 
 the right ventricle into the pulmonic artery, and 
 the left into the aorta, are guarded 
 by stout, short, tricuspid valves — 
 the semilunar valves. H.-berg, the 
 thoracic portion of the thymus 
 gland of animals. See also 
 Neck-berg. H., Bicycle, cardiac 
 disease due to excessive use of 
 the bicycle. H., Blocked, a con- 
 dition due to stoppage of some 
 of the auricular contractions at 
 the auriculoventricular boundary. 
 H., Fatty, a name given to 
 two distinct pathologic conditions 
 of the heart tissue. In the first 
 there is a true fatty degeneration 
 of the muscular fibers of the 
 heart; in the second there is an 
 increase in the quantity of sub- 
 pericardial fat — a fatty infiltration. 
 H., Hairy. See Cor villosum. 
 H., Icing, Eichhorst's name for a 
 heart the whole surface of which 
 is covered with a dense, thick, 
 marble-white tissue. H., Irrit- 
 able, a peculiar cardiac excitability, 
 marked by pain, palpitation, dysp- 
 nea, and rapid pulse; it has been 
 noted especially among soldiers in 
 the field, in whom it has been ascribed to 
 muscular exhaustion. H.,Low, a low position 
 of the heart due to anatomic conditions, not 
 to disease. Syn., Bathycardia. H., Luxus, a 
 condition in which a primary dilation of 
 the heart is followed by hypertrophy of the 
 left ventricle; often found in gourmands. 
 H., Peripheral, a term applied to the mus- 
 cular coat of the blood-vessels other than the 
 heart. H., Typhoid, overdistention and 
 laceration of the blood-vessels of the heart, 
 with atrophy of the muscle-fibers, due to 
 typhoid fever. H., Villous. See Cor 
 villosum. 
 
 Heartburn (hart' -berri) . A burning sensation 
 at the epigastrium and lower part of the 
 chest, caused by gastric fermentation. 
 
 Heat (het) [AS., h(Etu\ A form of kinetic 
 energy communicable from one body to 
 another; it is that form of molecular motion 
 which is appreciated by a special thermal sense. 
 H., Atomic. See Atomic Heat. H., Ca- 
 pacity for, the number of heat-units required 
 to raise the temperature of a body i° C. H.- 
 centers, centers in the brain for stimulating 
 heat-production or heat-elimination, and for 
 
 regulating the relation of these. H., Latent, 
 the quantity of heat necessary to convert a 
 body into another state without changing its 
 temperature. H., Molecular, the product 
 of the molecular weight of a compound 
 multiplied by its specific heat. H., Prickly, 
 H.-rash, miliaria. H., Specific, the ratio of 
 the capacity for heat of a body to that of an 
 equal weight of water. H. -stroke, the symp- 
 toms produced by exposure to great heat — 
 either that of the sun or that of heated 
 rooms. H.-unit, the amount of heat required 
 to raise the temperature of one kilogram of 
 
 Horizontal Section of Lungs and Heart, 
 i. Upper lobes of lungs. 2, 2. Lower lobes. 3. Dorsal vertebra. 
 4, 4. Two ribs. 5. Heart. 6. Right auricular appendix. 7. Su- 
 perior vena cava. 8. Aorta. 9. Pulmonary artery. 10. Left 
 auricle, n. Left auricular appendix. 12, 12. Mouths of right 
 pulmonary veins. 13. Mouths of left pulmonary veins. 14. 
 Thoracic aorta. 15. Esophagus. 
 
 water from o° to i° C; it is technically called 
 a calory. 
 
 Hebephrenia {he-be- j re' -ne-ah) [t)/?7?, puberty; 
 <f>pr]v, mind]. A form of mental derangement 
 occurring in young persons at or soon after 
 the age of puberty, and characterized by 
 mental deterioration and a gradually increas- 
 ing egoism. It may end in a permanent de- 
 mentia. 
 
 Heberden's Disease. Angina pectoris. H.'s 
 Nodes, H.'s Nodosities, deformity of the 
 fingers in arthritis deformans. 
 
 Heberden-Rosenbach's Nodes. See Heber- 
 den's Nodes. 
 
 Hebetude (heb'-e-tud) [hebetudo, bluntness] 
 Dulness of the special senses and intellect: a 
 condition present in grave fevers. 
 
 Hebotomy (heb-ot'-o-me) [JJ/fy, pubes; rifivscv, 
 to cut]. Van de Velde's operation of sawing 
 the pelvis in cases of obstructed delivery. 
 
 Hebra's Erythema. Polymorphous erythema. 
 H.'s Pityriasis, pityriasis rubra. H.'s Pru- 
 rigo, true prurigo. 
 
 Hecatomeral, Hecatomeric (hek-at-om'-er-al, 
 -ik) [sKazspov, each singly; fxipoc, a part]. 
 Applied to a neuron the processes of which 
 
HECKEL'S PRASOID TINCTURE 468 
 
 HELIUM 
 
 divide into two parts, one going to each side 
 of the spinal cord. 
 
 HeckePs Prasoid Tincture. A remedy for 
 gout, consisting of globularin and globularetin 
 in proportion of 15 to 17 cgm. in a teaspoonful. 
 Dose 1-4 teaspoonfuls daily. 
 
 Hectic (hek'-tik) [kKxckog, habitual]. Habitual. 
 H. Fever, a fever caused by absorption of 
 toxic substances formed in the process of 
 suppuration, and characterized by daily inter- 
 missions and frequent drenching sweats. 
 It occurs in pulmonary tuberculosis, in pye- 
 mia, etc. H. Flush, the flushed cheek seen 
 in hectic fever. 
 
 Hecto- (hek-to-) [eKarov, a hundred]. A prefix 
 signifying one hundred. 
 
 Hectogram (hek' -to-gram) [hecto-; jpappa, 
 an inscription]. One hundred grams, or 
 I543-.2349 grains. 
 
 Hectoliter (hek'-to-le-ter) [hecto-; Acxpa, a 
 pound]. One hundred liters, e'qual to 22.009 
 imperial or 26.4 United States gallons. 
 
 Hectometer {hek' -to-me-ter) [hecto-; pkxpov, a 
 measure]. One hundred meters, or 328 feet 
 1 inch. 
 
 Hedeoma (he-de-o' -mah) [rjdjc, sweet; 6a pi], 
 smell]. American pennyroyal. The leaves 
 and tops of H. pulegioides, the properties of 
 which are due to a volatile oil. It is stimu- 
 lant, carminative, and emmenagog. It is 
 used in suppression of the menses, the flatu- 
 lent colic of children, and, on account of 
 its pungent odor, to drive off fleas and mos- 
 quitos. H., Oil of {oleum hedeomce, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 2-10 min. (0.13-0.65 Cc). 
 
 Hedgehog Crystals. Crystals of ammonium 
 urate, found as a urinary deposit in the form 
 of globular crystals with spiny projections. 
 
 Hedonal {lied' -on-al) . The ester of methyl- 
 propyicarbinol-carbamic acid; recommended 
 as a safe hypnotic in the milder forms of 
 insomnia. Dose 20-45 g r - ( I -33 _2 -9 Gin.). 
 
 Hedroceie {hed'-ro-sel) [e3pa, breech; ktjXtj, 
 hernia]. 1. A hernia through the notch of the 
 ischium. 2. Prolapse of the anus. 
 
 Heel (hel) [AS., hela]. The hinder part of 
 the foot. H.-bone, the calcaneum. 
 
 Hegar's Method of Diagnosing Fibroma. 
 This consists in drawing downward the uterus 
 with a volsellum while the finger is passed 
 into the rectum and pressed against the 
 tumor: if it is ovarian, it will be immovable; 
 if uterine, there will be great resistance to 
 drawing down the cervix. H.'s Sign, com- 
 pressibility of the lower segment of the uterus 
 and the upper half of the cervix, noticed on 
 bimanual examination during the first two 
 or three months of pregnancy. 
 
 Hefmer's Test for Formaldehyd in Milk. 
 Place 5 Cc. of the milk in a test-tube and dilute 
 with an equal volume of water. Carefully 
 pour down the sides of the test-tube strong 
 sulfuric acid containing a trace of ferric 
 chlorid, so as to form a layer of acid below 
 the milk. In the presence of formaldehyd a 
 violet ring is formed at the junction of the 
 two liquids; 1 part in 100,000 may be de- 
 
 tected. The acid should be of 1.81 to 1.83 sp. 
 gr., and must contain a trace of ferric salt. 
 The charring due to the action of the acid 
 on the milk must not be mistaken for color- 
 reaction. 
 
 Heidenhain's Demilunes. Same as Crescents 
 of Gianuzzi. H.'s Rods, H.'s Strias, the 
 slender columnar cells of uriniferous tubules. 
 
 Heim-Kreyssig's Sign. See Kreyssig's Sign. 
 
 (von) Heine's Infantile Paralysis. Spastic 
 spinal paralysis of infancy. 
 
 Heister's Diverticulum.' See Diverticulum, 
 Heister's. H.'s Valves, the transverse valvu- 
 lar folds of the cystic duct. 
 
 Helcodermatosis {hel-ko-der-mat-o'-sis) [hel- 
 coma; dtp pa, skin]. Skin disease with the 
 formation of ulcers. 
 
 Helcoid (Jiel'-koid) [helcoma; eldog, likeness]. 
 Resembling an ulcer. 
 
 Helcoma {hel-ko' -mah) [U/coc, an ulcer]. An 
 ulcer. 
 
 Helcoplasty (hel' -ko-plas-te) [helcoma; nXaooecv, 
 to form]. The treatment of ulcers by skin- 
 grafting. 
 
 Helenin ihel'-en-in), C 6 H g O. A stearopten 
 from Inula helenium; it is used as an internal 
 and external antiseptic. Dose ^— J gr. (0.011- 
 0.022 Gm.). 
 
 Heliciform {hel-is'-e-form) [helix; forma, 
 form]. Spiral; shaped like a snail-shell. 
 
 Helicina {hel-is' -in-ah) . A mixture of snail 
 mucus and -sugar; a white powder, soluble 
 in water, and used as a pectoral remedy. 
 Syn., Saccharated snail-juice. 
 
 Helicine {hel'-is-in) [helix]. 1. Spiral in struc- 
 ture. 2. Pertaining to the helix. H. Arteries, 
 spirally winding arteries supplying the erec- 
 tile tissue of the penis. 
 
 Helicoid {hel' -ik-oid) [helix; eloof, form]. 
 Spiral; coiled like a snail-shell. 
 
 Helicoproteid (hel-ik-o-pro' -te-id) . A phospho- 
 glycoproteid obtained from the glands of the 
 snail, Helix pomatia. It is converted by 
 action of alkalis into a gummy, levorotatory 
 carbohydrate called animal sinistrin. 
 
 Helicotrema (hel-ik-o-tre f -mah) [helix; xprjpa, 
 hole]. The opening connecting the scalse 
 tympani and vestibuli of the spiral canal of the 
 cochlea. 
 
 Heliophilia {he-le-oj-iV -e-ah) [tjXcoc, sun; 
 <f>c\e~cv, to love]. Morbid affinity for the sun- 
 light, resulting in ecstacy and muscular con- 
 traction. 
 
 Heliophobia (he-le-o-fo' -be-ah) [helios; <p6(3of, 
 fear]. Morbid fear of exposure to the sun's 
 rays. 
 
 Heliotherapy (he-le-o- ther' -ap -e) [helios; 
 depaTze'ca, treatment]. The treatment of dis- 
 ease by exposure of the body to sunlight. 
 Sun-bathing. 
 
 Heliotropic (he-le-o-trop'-ik) [helios; xpknecv, 
 to turn]. Relating to the movements of pro- 
 toplasm under the influence of light. 
 
 Helium (he'-le^um) [r))uoc, sun]. A gaseous 
 body, a supposed atmospheric element, boil- 
 ing below 264 C, which has refisted all 
 attempts to liquefy it. It forms compounds 
 
HELIX 
 
 469 
 
 HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA 
 
 with hydrogen, carbureted hydrogen,, and 
 nitrogen. 
 
 Helix (he'-liks) [eAeg, a spiral], i. The rounded, 
 convex margin of the pinna of the ear. 2. A 
 coil of wire, as that of an electromagnet. 
 
 Hellebore, Helleborus (hel'-e-bor, he-leb' -or-us) 
 [kllkfiopoc, hellebore]. A plant of the genus 
 Helleborus, particularly iJ.- niger, black helle- 
 bore, the root of which contains two glucosids, 
 helleborin, C 36 H 42 6 , and helleborein, C 26 H 44 15 , 
 to which its properties are due. It is a dras- 
 tic hydragog, cathartic, and an emmenagog, 
 and has been used as a drastic purge in in- 
 sanity, dropsy, and amenorrhea. Dose of the 
 powdered root, as a purge, 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 
 Gm.). H., White. See Veratrum. 
 
 Heller's Plexus. The network of arteries in 
 the deeper layer of the intestinal submucosa. 
 H.'s Test. 1. A test for albumin in the urine. 
 A little nitric acid is placed in a test-tube 
 and the urine allowed carefully to flow down 
 the side of the tube, so as to form a layer 
 on the acid without mixing. The develop- 
 ment of an opaque white ring indicates albu- 
 min. 2. A test for the presence of blood- 
 coloring-matter in the urine. The urine is 
 boiled with half its volume of caustic potash, 
 whereby the phosphates are precipitated. The 
 precipitate is colored red if blood is present. 
 
 Helmholtz's Ligament. The anterior liga- 
 ment of the malleus that encircles the long 
 process of the latter and is inserted into the 
 anterior part of its neck, and head. H.'s 
 Line, the line perpendicular to the plane of 
 the axis of rotation of the eyeballs. 
 
 Helminth (hel'-minth) [Upcvc, a worm]. A 
 worm. 
 
 Helminthagog, Helminthagogue (hel-minth' - 
 ag-og). See Anthelmintic. 
 
 Helminthiasis (hel-min-thi' -as-is) [helminth]. 
 The diseased condition produced by the pres- 
 ence of worms in the body. H. elastica, 
 elastic tumors of the axillas and groins due 
 to filaria. 
 
 Helminthism (hel-minth' -izm) [helminth]. 
 The existence of intestinal worms in the body. 
 
 Helminthochorton (hel-minth-o-kor'-ton) [hel- 
 minth; yopzoc, grass]. Corsican moss. 
 
 Helminthology (hel-min-thol' -o-je) [helminth; 
 Xbjoc, science]. The science of worms, espe- 
 cially those parasitic within the body. 
 
 Helmitol (hel'-mit-ol). Hexamethylenetetra- 
 min anhydromethylene citrate, an analgesic 
 and urinary antiseptic. Dose 10-15 S 1 "- (0.64- 
 0.97 Gm.) 3 times daily in a wineglassful of 
 water. 
 
 Helophilous (hel-of -il-us) \iloc a marsh; 
 (b'cXoc, loving]. Inhabiting marshes. 
 
 Helotic (hel-of '-ik) [fjXoc, a nail]. 1. Relating 
 to corns. 2. A vesicant. 
 
 Helthin (hel'-thin). An acidulated solution of 
 sodium parasulfanilate and of sodium or 
 potassium amidonaphthol disulfonate. It is 
 used as a test for nitrites in potable waters. 
 
 Helweg's Triangular Bundle. The triangular 
 or olivary tract situated in the ventral part 
 of the anterolateral column of the spinal cord. 
 
 Hemabarometer (hem-ab-ar-om 1 '-et-er) [alpa, 
 blood; barometer]. An instrument for the 
 determination of the specific gravity of the 
 blood. 
 
 Hem-, Hema-, Hemato- (hem-, hem-ah-, hem- 
 at-o-) [alpa, blood]. Prefixes signifying of or 
 pertaining to the blood. 
 
 Hemachromatosis (hem-ak-rom-at-o' -sis) 
 
 [see Hemachrome]. General hematogenous 
 pigmentation. 
 
 Hemachrome (hem' -ak-rom) [hema-; ypcbpa, 
 color]. The coloring-matter of the blood; 
 hematin. 
 
 Hemacyanin (hem-as-i' -an-in) . See Hemo- 
 cyanin. 
 
 Hemacyte (hem'-as-lt). See Hematocyte. 
 
 Hemad (hem'-ad) [hema-; ad, toward]. Toward 
 the hemal aspect; opposed to neurad. 
 
 Hemadromometer (hem -a-dro - mom'- et -er) 
 [hema-; dpopoc, course; pkrpov, a meas- 
 ure]. An instrument for measuring the ve- 
 locity of the blood-current. 
 
 Hemadynamometer (hem-a-di-na-mom' -et-er) 
 [hema-; ouvap.cc, strength; phpov, a measure]. 
 An instrument for measuring the tension or 
 pressure of blood within the arteries. 
 
 Hemafacient (hem -a-fa'- she - ent) [hema-; 
 Jacere, to make]. An agent that increases the 
 quantity and quality of the blood. 
 
 Hemagglutination, Hemoagglutination 
 
 (hem-ag'-hc-tin-a' -shun, hem-o-a g-lu-tin-a' - 
 shun) [see Hemagglutinins]. The clumping 
 of red blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Hemagglutinins, Hemoagglutinins (hem-ag- 
 lu'-tin-inz, hem-o-ag-lu' -tin-ins) [hema-; ag- 
 glutinin]. Agglutinins which have the power 
 to clump red blood-corpuscles. Syn., Erythro- 
 agglutinins. 
 
 Hemagog, Hemagogue (hcm'-ag-og) [hema-; 
 ajiojbc, leading]. Promoting the menstrual or 
 hemorrhoidal discharge of blood. 
 
 Hemal (hem'-al) [alpa, blood]. 1. Pertaining 
 to the blood or vascular system. 2. Per- 
 taining to the ventral aspect of the body, 
 that part containing the heart and blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Hemalbumin (hem - al' - bu - min) [hema-; 
 albumin]. 1. A predigested iron albuminate 
 used in anemic conditions. Dose 15 gr. 
 (1 Gm.) several times daily. 2. A preparation 
 of the salts and albuminoid constituents of 
 the blood. 3. A preparation of iron contain- 
 ing hematin, hemoglobin, serum-albumin, 
 paraglobulin, and inorganic constituents of 
 the blood. 
 
 Hemalum (hem-aV -um) . A stain for bone- 
 tissue consisting of hematoxylin and alum. 
 
 Hemameba (hem-am-e'-bah) [hema-; a?neba]. 
 A white blood-cell. Haemamceba leukemic 
 magna, H. leukemiae parva, bodies sup- 
 posed to be of protozoan nature and specific 
 causes of leukemia, shown by Tiirck to be 
 artefacts resulting from the action of a basic 
 dye upon the mast-cell granules. 
 
 Hemanalysis (hem-an-aV -is-is) [hema-; analy- 
 sis]. Analysis of the blood. 
 
 Hemangioendothelioma (hem- an- je-o -en-do- 
 
HEMANGIOMA 
 
 470 
 
 HEMATOGENIC 
 
 the-li-o' -mail) [hema-; dyyslov, vessel; endo- 
 thelioma]. Epithelial hyperplasia of the 
 capillaries. 
 
 Hemangioma (hem - an - je - o' - mah) [hema-; 
 dyyelov, vessel; ofia, a tumor]. An angioma 
 made up of blood-vessels. 
 
 Hemangiosarcoma (hem-an-je-o-sar-ko' -mah) 
 [hema-; dyyslov, vessel; sarcoma]. A vascular 
 sarcoma. 
 
 Hemanutrid (hem-an-u' -trid) . A liquid prepa- 
 ration of hemoglobin, 70%; glycerol, 20%; 
 brandy, 10%. 
 
 Hemaphein (hem -aj -e' - in) [hema-; <f>acoc, 
 dusky]. A brown coloring-matter from blood, 
 regarded as a decomposition-product of 
 hematin. 
 
 Hemapoiesis (hem-ap-oi-e' -sis) . See Hem- 
 atopoiesis. 
 
 Hemapoietic (hem-ap-oi-ef '-ik) . See Hema- 
 topoietic. 
 
 Hemarthrosis (hem -ar - thro' - sis) [hema-; 
 apdpov, a joint]. Effusion of blood into a 
 joint. 
 
 Hemastatics (hem-as-taf -iks) [hema-; axazcKog, 
 standing]. That branch of physiology treat- 
 ing of the laws of the equilibrium of the blood. 
 
 Hematachometer (hem-at-ak-om' -et-er) . See 
 Hemotachometer . 
 
 Hematalloscopy (hem-at-al-os' '-ko-pe) [hema-; 
 aXXog, other; anone'cv, to examine]. In medi- 
 cal jurisprudence the examination of the blood 
 to distinguish one kind from another. 
 
 Hematein (hem-at-e' '-in) [alfia, blood], C 16 H 12 O e . 
 A crystalline principle derived from, and 
 reconvertible into, hematoxylin. H. -ammo- 
 nium, C 10 H 9 O 5 . NH 4 + 4H 2 0, a violet-black 
 granular powder, purple in aqueous solution, 
 brown-red in alcoholic solution, used as a 
 stain. 
 
 Hematemesis (hem - at - em' - es - is) [hema-; 
 emesis, to vomit]. The vomiting of blood. 
 
 Hematherapy (hem -ah- ther' - ap ~ e) [hema-; 
 depaizn'ca, therapy]. 1. The therapeutic use 
 of prepared arterial blood of bullocks. 2. 
 Treatment applied to diseases of the blood. 
 
 Hematic (hem-at'-ik) [alfia, blood]. Bloody; 
 pertaining to, full of, or having the color of, 
 blood. 
 
 Hematidrosis (hem -at- id - ro' - sis) [hema-, 
 Ydpioc, sweat]. A sweating of blood. 
 
 Hematimeter (hem-at-im' -et-er) [hema-; pttcpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for counting the 
 corpuscles in a given volume of blood. 
 
 Hematin (hem'-at-in) [alfia, blood], C^H^N^ 
 FeO s . A decomposition-product of hemoglo- 
 bin. It is bluish -black, amorphous, contains 
 iron, and is soluble in dilute alkalis and 
 acids, insoluble in water, in alcohol, and in 
 ether. H. -albumin, a fine brown-red, taste- 
 less, odorless powder obtained by drying 
 blood-fibrin. Dose, in anemia, 1-2 teaspoon- 
 fuls 3 times daily. H., Reduced, hemo- 
 chromogen. H., Vegetable, aspergillin. 
 
 Hematinic (hem-at-in'-ik) [hematin]. 1. Same 
 as Hematic. 2. Relating to hematin. 3. An 
 agent which tends to increase the proportion 
 of hematin or coloring-matter in the blood. 
 
 Hematinometer (hem-at-in-om' -et-er) . Same 
 as Hemoglobinometer. 
 
 Hematinuria (hem-at-in-u' -re-ah) . Same as 
 Hemoglobinuria. 
 
 Hematobium (hem-at-o' -be-um) [hemato-; /?/of, 
 life]. 1. A blood-corpuscle. 2. A blood- 
 parasite. 
 
 Hematoblast (hem'-at-o-blast) [hemato-; /3Xaor6c, 
 a germ]. A blood-plate; an immature red 
 blood-corpuscle. 
 
 Hematocathartic (hem-at-o-kath-ar'-tik) [hem- 
 ato-; KadapuKoc, cleansing]. 1. Purifying the 
 blood. 2. Any remedy that purifies the 
 blood. 
 
 Hematocele (hem'-at-o-sel) [hemato-; ktjXtj, a 
 tumor]. A tumor formed by the extrava- 
 sation and collection of blood in a part, espe- 
 cially in the tunica vaginalis testis or in the 
 pelvic cavity (pelvic hematocele). 
 
 Hematocephalus (hem-at-o-se)' -al-us) [hem- 
 ato-; Ke<f)aXr], head]. 1. An effusion of 
 blood into the brain. 2. A monstrosity char- 
 acterized by an effusion of blood into the 
 cerebral hemispheres. 
 
 Hematochlorin (hem-at-o-klo' -rin) [hemato-, 
 xXojpoc, green]. An amorphous green pig- 
 ment contained in the marginal zone of the 
 placenta. 
 
 Hemato chyluria (hem -at-o - ki - lu' - re - ah) 
 [hemato-; %uX6c, chyle; odpov, urine]. The 
 presence of blood and chylous material in the 
 urine. 
 
 Hematocolpos (hem -at-o- kol' - pos) [hem- 
 ato-; koXtioc, vagina]. A collection of blood 
 within the vagina. 
 
 Hematocrit (hem' - at - o - krit) [hemato-; 
 KphtLv, to separate; to judge]. An instru- 
 ment for making volumetric estimation of the 
 blood-corpuscles by separating, by Centrifugal 
 action, the corpuscles from the plasma. 
 
 Hematocyst (hem' -at-o- sist) [hemato-; kuotcc, 
 bladder]. 1. A cyst containing blood. 2. 
 An effusion of blood into the bladder. 
 
 Hematocyte (hem'-at-o-slt). See Hemocyte. 
 
 Hematocytometer (hem-at-o-si-tom' -et-er) . See 
 Hemacytometer . 
 
 Hematodes (hem-at-o' -dez) [L., hcematodes, re- 
 sembling blood]. Bloody. 
 
 Hematogaster (hem-at-o- gas' -ter) [hemato-; 
 yaazrjp, stomach]. Extravasation of blood 
 into the stomach. 
 
 Hematogen (hem-af -o'-jen) [hemato-; yevvav, 
 to produce]. 1. A nucleoalbuminoid prepara- 
 tion of iron 0.3%. 2. Defibrinated blood 
 with minute percentage of creasote, containing 
 0.5 % of iron and mixed with glycerol and 
 wine; used in anemia. Dose 1-2 tablespoon- 
 fuls. 3. A yellowish powder containing 7% 
 of iron or a liquid formed by adding ferric 
 citrate and acetic acid to an alkaline solution 
 of albumin. Dose of liquid 1-4 teaspoonfuls. 
 4. A decomposition-product of vitellin. 
 
 Hematogenesis (hem -at-o- jen'-es - is) [hem- 
 ato-; yevvav, to produce]. The develop- 
 ment of blood or blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Hematogenic (hem-at-o-jen'-ik) [see Hemato- 
 genesis]. Pertaining to the formation of blood. 
 
HEMATOGENOUS 
 
 471 
 
 HEMATOSCHEOCELE 
 
 Hematogenous (liem-at-of -en-us) [see Hemato- 
 genesis]. Derived from, or having origin in, 
 the blood. 
 Hematoglobin (hem-at-o- glo' -bin) . See Hemo- 
 globin. 
 Hematoid {hem' -at-oid) [hemato-; eldoc, like- 
 ness]. Resembling blood. 
 Hematoidin (hem-at-oi' -din) [see Hematoid], 
 
 C 16 H 18 NO s . 
 An iron-free 
 derivative of 
 hemoglobin, 
 occurring in 
 old blood- 
 clots as yel- 
 lowish-brown 
 rhombohe- 
 dral crystals. 
 Hematokol- 
 pos (hem-at- 
 o-kol'-pos). 
 See Hemato- 
 colpos. 
 See Hemato- 
 
 Hematoidin Crystals. 
 
 Hematokrit (hem f -at-o-krit) . 
 crit. 
 
 Hematol (hem'-at-ol). A sterilized hemoglobin 
 mixed with glycerol and brandy. 
 
 Hematologist (hem-at-ol' -o-jist) [see Hematol- 
 ogy]. One who makes a special study 
 of the blood and is skilled in the technic 
 of blood-examinations. 
 
 Hematology (hem-at-ol' -o-je) [hemato-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of the blood, its 
 nature, functions, and diseases. 
 
 Hematolymphangioma (hem-at-o-limf-an-je- 
 o'-mah) [hemato-; lymph; dyyelov, a vessel; 
 op.a, sl tumor]. A tumor involving blood-ves- 
 sels and lymph-vessels. 
 
 Hematolysis (hem-at-ol' '-is-is) [hemato-; Xbocg, 
 a solution]. Destruction or disorganization 
 of the blood or of the corpuscles. 
 
 Hematolytic (hem-at-o-lif '-ik) [see Hematolysis]. 
 Marked by or tending to blood-impoverish- 
 ment. 
 
 Hematoma (hem-at-o' -mah) [hemato-; '6/ia, 
 tumor]. A tumor or swelling containing 
 blood. Haematoma auris, insane ear; an 
 effusion of blood or serum between the carti- 
 lage of the ear and its covering, occurring 
 in various forms of insanity as the result of 
 injuries or trophic changes. H. of the Dura 
 mater, an effusion of blood beneath the dura 
 mater, forming membranous layers. H., 
 Pelvic, an effusion of blood into the cellular 
 tissue of the pelvis. H.s, Valve-, of the 
 Newborn, those due to imperfect develop- 
 ment leading to the formation of clefts; they 
 are not produced by hemorrhage and have 
 no relation to the minute hemorrhages found 
 beneath the pericardium and endocardium 
 in cases of death from suffocation. 
 
 Hematomediastinum (hem-at-o-me-de-as-ti' - 
 num) [hemato-; mediastinum, the medi- 
 astinum]. An effusion of blood into the 
 mediastinal spaces. 
 
 Hematometer (hem-at-om' -et-er) . See Hemo- 
 globinometer . 
 
 Hematometra (hem-at-o-me'-trah) [hemato-; 
 /XTjrpa, uterus]. An accumulation of blood 
 within the uterine cavity. 
 
 Hematomonas (hem-at-om' -on-as) [hemato-; 
 [iovac, monad]. A genus of protozoan para- 
 sites inhabiting the blood. 
 
 Hematomphalocele (hem-at-om- fal 1 '-o-sel) [hem- 
 ato-; 6p.(j)aX6c, navel; ktjXt], hernia]. An 
 umbilical hernia distended with blood. 
 
 Hematomyces (hem-at-om' '-is-ez) [hemato-; 
 /jl'jktjc, a fungus]. A bleeding variety of en- 
 cephaloid cancer; medullary sarcoma. Syn., 
 Fungus hcematodes. 
 
 Hematomyelia (hem-at-o-mi-e' -le-ah) [hemato-; 
 jiueXof, marrow]. Hemorrhage into the spinal 
 cord; an accumulation of blood in the central 
 canal of the spinal cord. 
 
 Hematomyelitis (hem-at-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [hem- 
 ato-; myelitis]. An acute myelitis attended 
 with an effusion of blood into the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Hematomyelopore (hem -at- o -mi- e'-lo-por) 
 [hemato-; [xueXog, marrow; nopoe, pore]. 
 A cavity in the substance of the myelon re- 
 sulting from hemorrhage. 
 
 Hematopericardium (hem -at-o - per - ik- ar'- 
 de-um) [hemato-; pericardium]. An effusion 
 of blood into the pericardium. 
 
 Hematophagous (hem -at- of -ag- us) [hem- 
 ato-; <j>af£~cv, to eat]. Feeding on blood; 
 blood-sucking. 
 
 Hematophyte (hem f -at-o-jlt) [hemato-; fyozbv, 
 a plant]. A vegetable organism, such as a 
 bacterium, living in the blood. 
 
 Hematoplastic (hem-at-o-plas 1 '-tik) [hemato-; 
 TzlaaxtKoc, plastic]. Blood-forming.. 
 
 Hematopoiesis (hem - at - o - poi - e' -sis) [hem- 
 ato-; novate, a making]. The formation of 
 blood. 
 
 Hematopoietic (hem - at - o - poi - el'-ik) [see 
 Hematopoiesis]. Relating to the processes of 
 blood-making. H. Organs, the blood-making 
 organs. 
 
 Hematoporphyrin (hem-at-o-por'-fe-rin) [hem- 
 ato-; 7iop<f)upa, purple], C 68 H 74 N 8 ]2 . Iron- 
 free hematin, a decomposition-product of 
 hemoglobin occurring in the urine in condi- 
 tions associated with destruction of red cor- 
 puscles. It is produced by dissolving hematin 
 in concentrated sulfuric acid. H., Test for. 
 See Garrod. 
 
 Hematoporphyrinuria (hem-at-o-por-fi-rin-u' '- 
 re-ali) [hematoporphyrin; oupov, urine]. The 
 presence of hematoporphyrin in the urine. 
 
 Hematoposia (hem -at-o - po' - ze - ah) [hem- 
 ato-; Tibaig, a drinking]. The drinking of 
 blood. 
 
 Hematorachis, Hematorrhachis (hem-at-or'- 
 ak-is) [hemato-; paitc, spine]. Hemorrhage 
 within the vertebral canal. 
 
 Hematorrhea (hem-at-or-e' -ah) [hemato-; po'ca, 
 a flow]. A copious flow or discharge of 
 blood . 
 
 Hematosalpinx (hem-at-o-sal f -pinks) [hemato-; 
 aalncy^, a trumpet]. A collection of blood in 
 a fallopian tube. 
 
 Hematoscheocele (hem-at-o s' -ke-o-sel) [hemato-; 
 
HEMATOSCOPE 
 
 472 
 
 HEMIANESTHESIA 
 
 oo%£oi>, scrotum; ktjAt), tumor]. A hemor- 
 rhagic tumor or distention of the scrotum. 
 
 Hematoscope {hem' -at-o - skop) [hemato-; 
 oKone'cv, to view]. An instrument used in 
 the spectroscopic examination of the blood, 
 by means of which the thickness of the layer 
 of blood can be regulated. 
 
 Hematoscopy (hem-at-os' '-ko-pe) [see Hemato- 
 scope]. Visual examination of the blood; 
 examination of the blood by means of the 
 hematoscope. 
 
 Hematosepsis {hem-at-o-sep' -sis) [hemato-; 
 ot)<J>!c, putrefaction]. Septicemia. 
 
 Hematosis (hem-at-o' -sis) [at/xa, blood]. The 
 process of the formation of blood and the 
 development of blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Hematospectroscope ihem-at-o-spek' -tro-skop) 
 [hemato-; spectroscope]. A spectroscope 
 adapted to the study of the blood. 
 
 Hematospermia {hem-at-o-sper' '-me-ah) [hem- 
 ato-; onepfxa, seed]. The discharge of bloody 
 semen. 
 
 Hematothorax (hem -at-o- tho' - raks) . See 
 Hemothorax. 
 
 Hematotic {hem-at-ot' -ik) . Relating to hema- 
 tosis. 
 
 Hematoxic {hem-at-oks' -ik) [hemato-; to£oc6v, 
 a poison]. Pertaining to a poisoned or impure 
 state of the blood. 
 
 Hematoxylin {hem-at-oks' -il-in) [hemato-; 
 £ f Aov, wood], C 16 H 14 6 . The coloring-matter 
 of logwood. It is a crystalline substance and 
 is used as a stain in microscopy. 
 
 Hematoxylon {hem-at-oks' -il-on) [see Hema- 
 toxylhi]. Logwood. The hoematoxylon of the 
 U. S. P. is the heart-wood of Hamatoxylon 
 campechianum; it contains tannic acid and a 
 coloring principle, hematoxylin, and is a mild 
 astringent. H., Decoction of {decoctum hoe- 
 matoxyli, B. P.). Dose 1—2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 
 H., Extract of {extr actum hcematoxyli, U. 
 S. P.). Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). 
 
 Hematozemia {hem-at-o-ze' -me-ah) [hemato-; 
 tjiiica, a loss]. A gradual or periodic dis- 
 charge of blood. 
 
 Hematozoon {hem-at-o-zo' -on) [hemato-; £c3oy, 
 animal; pi., hematozoa]. Any animal parasite 
 in the blood. Haematozoon malariae, a 
 hyaline ameboid body found in the blood of 
 malarial patients. 
 
 Hematozymosis {hem-at-o-zi-mo' -sis) [hemato-; 
 ^biuoacg, fermentation]. Fermentation of the 
 blood. 
 
 Hematropin {hem-af -ro-pin) . Phenylglycolyl- 
 tropein; a fluid preparation of hemoglobin. 
 
 Hematuresis {hem-at-u-re' -sis) [see Hematuria]. 
 The passage of bloody urine. 
 
 Hematuria {hem - at - u' -re - ah) [hemato-; 
 obpov, urine]. The discharge of urine con- 
 taining blood. When only the coloring- 
 matter of the blood is found in the urine, it 
 is termed hemoglobinuria or hematinuria. 
 Haematuria aegyptica. See H., Endemic. 
 H., Chylous, hematochyluria. H., Endemic, 
 a form occurring in tropical countries due to 
 parasites peculiar to the particular locality. 
 H., False, the discharge of red urine, due to 
 
 the ingestion of food or drugs containing 
 red pigments. 
 
 Hemautography {hem-aw-tog' -ra-fe) [aljia, 
 blood; auTOf, self; ypafotv, to write]. The trac- 
 ing produced by a jet of blood from a divided 
 artery caught upon paper drawn in front of it. 
 
 Hemelytrometra {hem-el-it-ro-me' -trah) [alLta, 
 blood; eXoxpov, a sheath; jiyzpa, uterus]. An ac- 
 cumulation of blood in the uterus and vagina. 
 
 Hemeralopia (hem-er-al-o' -pe-ah) [y/J-epa, day; 
 to<J>, eye]. Day-vision or night-blindness; a 
 symptom of pigmentary degeneration of the 
 retina, failure of general nutrition, etc. 
 Vision is good by day or in a strong light, but 
 fails at night. See Nyctalopia. 
 
 Hemeropathia {hem-er-o-path' -e-ah) [yLiepa, 
 day; nadoc, disease]. 1. Any disease lasting 
 but one day. 2. A disease that is more severe 
 during the day. 
 
 Hemi- [r)Lt.c-, half]. A prefix signifying half. 
 
 Hemiablepsia {hem-e-ab-lep' -se-ah) . See Hemi- 
 anopia. 
 
 Hemiacephalia {hem-e-ah-sej-a' -le-ah) [hemi-; 
 a, priv.; Ke<j>aXi], head]. A monstrosity having 
 a shapeless tumor representing the head, in 
 which portions of the encephalon are con- 
 tained. Syn., Acephalia spuria; Hypaceph- 
 alia. 
 
 Hemiachromatopsia {hem -e-ah- kro - mat - op'- 
 se-ah) [hemi-; a, priv.; %pojp.a, color; o(ptc, 
 vision]. Color-blindness in one-half of the 
 field of vision. 
 
 Hemiageusia {hem-e-ah-gu' -se-ah) [hemi-; 
 a, priv.; ytbotg, taste]. One-sided loss or 
 diminution of the sense of taste. 
 
 Hemialbumin {hem-e-aV '-bu-min) . See Antial- 
 bumin. 
 
 Hemialbuminose (hem-e-al-bu'-min-os). The 
 same as Hemialbumose. 
 
 Hemialbumose {hem-e-aV '-bu-mos) [hemi-; 
 albumen, the white of egg]. The most char- 
 acteristic and most frequently obtained by- 
 product of proteid digestion. It is the fore- 
 runner of hemipeptcne. 
 
 Hemialgia {hem-e-al' -je-ah) [hemi-; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Unilateral neuralgia. 
 
 Hemiamaurosis {hem-e-am-aw-ro' -sis) [hemi-; 
 amaurosis]. A form of transitory blindness in 
 which hemianopia is combined with amblyo- 
 pia in the other half of the visual field. 
 
 Hemiamblyopia {hem-e-am-ble-o' -pe-ah) . See 
 Hemianopia. 
 
 Hemianalgesia {hem -e -an - al- je' -ze- ah) 
 [hemi-; dv, priv.; alyog, pain]. Insensibility 
 to pain throughout one lateral half of the 
 body and limbs. 
 
 Hemianesthesia {hem - e - an-es -the' -ze-ah) 
 [hemi-; avaiodr)o'ca,\\ 7 &ntoi feeling]. Anesthesia 
 of one lateral half of the body. H., Alternate, 
 that affecting one side of the head and the 
 opposite side of the body.' H., Bulbar, that 
 due to disease of the oblongata. H., Cere- 
 bral, that due to lesion in one of the cerebral 
 hemispheres in the part of the capsula between 
 the thalamus and dorsal part of the lenticula. 
 H., Crossed. 1. That associated with motor 
 paralysis of the opposite half of the body. 
 
HEMIANOPIA 
 
 473 
 
 HEMINEURASTHENIA 
 
 2. See H., Alternate. H., Functional, that 
 due to functional causes rather than to cere- 
 bral or spinal lesion. H., Hysteric, tactile 
 and thermal hemianesthesia coming on grad- 
 ually or suddenly and of variable duration 
 in hysteric subjects. H., Organic, that due 
 to lesion in the central nervous system. H., 
 Saturnine, that due to lead-poisoning. H., 
 Turck's, anesthesia affecting the functions 
 of the posterior spinal roots of one side, at 
 times also those of the nerves of special sense. 
 It is caused by lesions of the posterior portion 
 of the capsula and the contiguous region of 
 the corona radiata. 
 
 Hemianopia, Hemianopsia {hem - e - an - o'- 
 pe-ah, hem-e-an-op'-se-ah) [hemi-; dv, priv.; 
 bifjcc, sight]. Blindness in one-half of the 
 visual field. It may be bilateral {binocular) 
 or unilateral {unilocular). H., Binasal, 
 blindness on the nasal side of the visual field, 
 usually due to disease of the outer sides of 
 the optic commissure. H., Bitemporal, 
 blindness on the temporal side of the visual 
 field, due to disease of the central parts of 
 the commissure. H., Crossed, H., Heter- 
 onymous, a general term for either binasal 
 or bitemporal hemianopia. H., Homony- 
 mous, the form affecting the inner half of 
 one field and the outer half of*the other. H., 
 Lateral, H. lateralis, a form in which the 
 temporal half of one visual field and the nasal 
 half of the other visual field are wanting; a 
 vertical line through the center of vision 
 sharply defining the defect. H., Vertical. 
 See H ., Lateral. 
 
 Hemiarthrosis {hem-e-ar -thro' -sis) [hemi-; 
 apdpajocf, a joining]. A false synchondrosis. 
 
 Hemiataxia {hem-e-at-aks' -e-ah) [hemi-; 
 a, priv.; ra&c, order]. Ataxia limited to 
 one side of the body. 
 
 Hemiathetosis {hem-e-ath-et-o' -sis) [hemi-; 
 adezof, without fixed position]. Athetosis of 
 one side of the body. 
 
 Hemiatonia {hem-e-at-o' -ne-ah) [hemi-; dzov'ca, 
 want of tone]. Diminution or loss of muscu- 
 lar or vital energy in one-half of the body. 
 H. apoplectica, hemihypertonia postapo- 
 plectica. 
 
 Hemiatrophy {hem-e-at'-ro-fe) [hemi-; dzpo- 
 (f>ia, lack of nourishment]. Atrophy confined 
 to one side of the body. 
 
 Hemic {hem'-ik) [alfia, blood]. Pertaining to 
 or developed by the blood. 
 
 Hemicellulose {hem - e-sel' -u- Ids) [hemi-; 
 cellula, a little cell]. A term for all the carbo- 
 hydrates in the cell-wall which are not colored 
 blue by chlorzinc iodid. 
 
 Hemicephalus {hem - e-sej' - a - lus) [hemi-; 
 KscjiaXrj, head]. A monster in which the cere- 
 bral hemispheres and skull are lacking. 
 
 Hemichorea {hem - e - ko - re' -ah) [hemi-; 
 %opsca, chorea]. A form of chorea in which 
 the convulsive movements are confined to 
 one side of the body. 
 
 Hemichromanopsia {hem-e-kro-man-op' -se-ah) . 
 See Hemiachromatopsia. 
 
 Hemichromosome {hem-e-kro' -mo-som) [hemi-; 
 
 chromosome]. The body formed by the 
 longitudinal splitting of the chromosome. 
 
 Hemicrania (hem - e - kra' -ne-ah) [hemi-; 
 npavcov, head], i. Neuralgia of one-half of 
 the head; migraine. 2. Imperfect develop- 
 ment or absence of the anterior or posterior 
 part of the skull. 
 
 Hemicraniectomy {hem - e -kra - ne - ek'-lo-me) 
 [hemi-; craniectomy]. Doyen's operation of 
 sectioning the cranial vault near the mesial 
 line, from before backward, and pressing the 
 entire side outward to expose one-half of the 
 brain. 
 
 Hemidiaphoresis {hem-e-di-af-or-e'-sis) [hemi-; 
 dca<f)6pr)occ, sweating]. Sweating of one lat- 
 eral half of the body. 
 
 Hemidrosis {hem-id-ro'-sis). See Hemati- 
 drosis. 
 
 Hemidysesthesia {hem - e - dis - es - the' - ze-ah) 
 [hemi-; due-, difficult; a'ced-qote, sensation]. 
 Dysesthesia of a lateral half of the body. 
 
 Hemiencephalus {hem -e -en - sef - al - us) 
 [hemi-; iyK£(f)aXoc, brain]. A monster without 
 organs of sense, but having otherwise a nearly 
 normal brain. 
 
 Hemiepilepsy {hem-e-ef -il-ep-se) [hemi-; 
 encXrul'ca, epilepsy]. A form of epilepsy in 
 which the convulsions are confined to one 
 lateral half of the body. 
 
 Hemiglo ssitis {hem -e- glos-i' - tis) [hemi-; 
 yXwoaa, tongue; czee, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of one-half of the tongue. 
 
 Hemihyperesthesia {hem-e-M-per-es-the' -ze-ah) 
 [hemi-; UTzip, over; a'codyocc, sensation]. 
 Hyperesthesia confined to one lateral half of 
 the body. 
 
 Hemihypertonia {hem - e - hi - per - to' - ne - ah) 
 [hemi-; hypertonia]. Increased muscular ton- 
 icity confined to one-half of the body. H. post- 
 apoplectica, an intermittent tonic spasm 
 distributed over one-half of the body, affecting 
 at times different groups of muscles without 
 loss of power in the muscles affected. It 
 follows an apoplectic attack. 
 
 Hemihypertrophy {hcm-e-hi-per'-tro-}e) [hemi-; 
 hypertrophy]. Hypertrophy of half of the 
 body. 
 
 Hemihypogeusia {hem-e-hi-po-gu' -se-ah) . See 
 Hernia geusia. 
 
 Hemihypothermia {hem-e-hi-po-ther'-me-ah) 
 [hemi-; utzo, under; dip fit], heat]. Diminu- 
 tion of the temperature limited to one side 
 of the body. 
 
 Hemilytic {hem-e-li/'-ik) [hemi-; loocg, 'a 
 loosing]. Relating to a condition of retarded 
 change. 
 
 Hemimelus {hem-im' -el-us) [hemi-; p-kXog, 
 a limb]. A monster with incomplete or stunted 
 extremities. 
 
 Hemin {hem'-in) [alfia, blood], C, 2 H 30 N 4 Fe- 
 O3 . HC1. Crystalline hematin chlorid, of 
 which Teichmann's crystals, doubly refractive 
 crystals derived from blood by heating a drop 
 of blood on a glass slide with a little glacial 
 acetic acid, are composed. H., Test for. 
 See Teichmann. 
 
 Hemineurasthenia {hem - e - nu-ras-the' -ne-ah) 
 
HEMIOPIA 
 
 474 
 
 HEMOGLOBIN 
 
 \hemi-; veupov, a nerve; aodevca, weak- 
 ness]. Neurasthenia affecting one lateral half 
 of the body. 
 
 Hemiopia (hem-e-o' -pe-ah). See Hemianopia. 
 
 Hemiopic {hem-e-o' '-pik) . Pertaining to hem- 
 ianopia. H. Pupillary Reaction, Wernicke's 
 reaction. 
 
 Hemiparaane sthe sia ( hem-e-par-ah -an-es-the'- 
 ze-ah) [hemi-; paraanesthesia]. Paraanesthesia 
 limited to one side of the body and due to de- 
 structive lesion of the lateral half of the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Hemiparesis (hem - e - par' - es - is) [hemi-; 
 7ia.ps.acg, impairment of strength]. Paresis 
 of one side of the body. 
 
 Hemiplectic (hem-e-plek' '-tik) . Same as Hemi- 
 plegic. 
 
 Hemiplegia (hem-e-ple f -je-ah) [hemi-; 7iXrjyrj, 
 stroke]. Paralysis of one side of the body, 
 due usually to a lesion in the internal capsule 
 or corpus striatum, but at times caused by 
 an extensive lesion of the cortex, or a lesion 
 of the crus, pons, medulla, or upper part of 
 the spinal cord. If in the brain, the lesion is 
 on the side opposite to the paralysis. H., 
 Alternate, paralysis of the facial muscles 
 upon one side, with paralysis of the trunk 
 and extremities upon the opposite side of the 
 body. H., Bilateral Spastic. See Para- 
 plegia, Infantile Spasmodic. H., Cerebral, 
 the ordinary form first described. H., Chor- 
 eic, that followed by chorea, especially in 
 young adults. H., Crossed. Same as H., 
 Alternate. H., Facial, motor paralysis of 
 one side of the face. H., Homolateral, 
 uncrossed hemiplegia. H., Spastic, a form 
 occurring in infants, in which the affected 
 extremities are spastically contracted. H., 
 Spinal. See Brown-Sequard' s Paralysis. 
 
 Hemiplegiac (hem-e-ple'-je-ak). An individual 
 affected with hemiplegia. 
 
 Hemiplegic (hem-e-plef '-ik) . Relating to or 
 affected with hemiplegia; hemiplectic. 
 
 Hemispasm (hem'-e-spazm) [hemi-; aTzaa\ibc, 
 a spasm]. A spasm affecting only one side 
 of the body. 
 
 Hemisphere (hem'-is-fer) [hemi-; ofyalpa, 
 a sphere]. Half a sphere-. H., Cerebellar, 
 either lateral half of the cerebellum. H., 
 Cerebral, either lateral half of the cerebrum. 
 
 Hemisystole (hem - e - sis' - to - le) [hemi-; 
 ouozoXr], a contraction]. A peculiar kind of 
 irregular action of the heart -muscle, in which, 
 with every two beats of the heart, only one 
 beat of the pulse is felt. 
 
 Hemiterata (hem-e-ter' -at-ah) [hemi-; xkpac, 
 a monster]. A class of malformations not 
 grave enough to be called monstrous. 
 
 Hemiteratic (hem-e-ter -at' -ik). Pertaining 
 to hemiterata. 
 
 Hemithermoanesthesia (hem-e-ther-mo-an-es- 
 the'-ze-ah) [hemi-; dipfij), heat; anesthesia]. 
 Insensibility to heat and cold limited to one 
 side of the body. 
 
 Hemitonia (hem-e-to' -ne-ah) [hemi-; rovoc, 
 tension]. One-sided tonic muscle-contraction 
 in brain disease. 
 
 Hemitoxin (hem-e-toks' -in) [hemi-; toxin]. 
 A toxin deprived of half of its original toxicity. 
 
 Hemlock (hem'-lok). See Conium. 
 
 Hemo- (hem-o-) [alp.a, blood]. A prefix signify- 
 ing of or pertaining to the blood. 
 
 Hemoblast (hem' -o-blast) . See Hematoblast. 
 
 Hemocatatonistic (hem - o - kat -at -on- is' -tik) 
 [hemo-; Kara, down; rovoc, tension]. Tend- 
 ing to diminish the cohesion between the 
 hemoglobin and the red blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Hemochromatosis (hem - o - kro - mat - o' - sis) 
 [hemo-; xp6)p.a, color]. Discoloration of the 
 tissues, particularly the skin, by deposition 
 of a pigment from the blood. 
 
 Hemochromogen (hem-o-kro'-mo-jen) [hemo-; 
 Xpcbfia, color; yevvav, to produce], i. Hemo- 
 globin. 2. A hypothetic substance formed 
 by the decomposition of hemoglobin with 
 acids or alkalis in the absence of oxygen. 
 
 Hemocyanin (hem - o - si' - an - in) [hemo-; 
 Koavoc, blue]. . A coloring-matter found in 
 the blood of certain invertebrates. It con- 
 tains copper, and gives to the blood a blue 
 color. 
 
 Hemocyte (hem'-o-sit). A blood-corpuscle. 
 
 Hemocytolysis (hem-o-si-tol' -is-is) [hemo-; 
 kOtoc, a cell; Xuecv, to unloose]. The disso- 
 lution of blood-corpuscles by means of heat. 
 
 Hemocytometer (hem-o-si-tom' -et-er) [hemo-; 
 kuxoc, a cell; jxhpov, a measure]. An instru- 
 ment for estimating the number of corpuscles 
 in the blood. (See illustrations on p. 475.) 
 
 Hemocytotripsis (hem-o-si-to-trip'-sis) [hemo-; 
 tcuzoc, a cell; Tptfiecv, to rub]. The breaking 
 up of blood-corpuscles under strong pressure. 
 
 Hemocytozoon (hem-o-si-to-zo'-on) [hemo-; 
 kuxoc, a cell; C^Wj an animal]. The Plas- 
 modium of malaria. 
 
 Hemodia (hem-o' -de-ah) [hemo-; Sdooc, a 
 tooth]. Excessive sensibility of the teeth. 
 
 Hemodiastase (hem - o - di' - as - taz) [hemo-; 
 dcaoraocc, separation]. The amylolytic en- 
 zym of the blood. 
 
 Hemodromometer (hem-o-dro-mom' -et-er). See 
 Hemadromometer. 
 
 Hemodynamometer (hem-o-di-nam-om' -et-er) . 
 See Hemadynamometer. 
 
 Hemof errogen (hem-o-fer' -o-jen) . A dry prepa- 
 ration of blood proposed as a remedy in anemic 
 conditions. 
 
 Hemof errum (hem-o-fer' -um). See Oxyhemo- 
 globin. 
 
 Hemofuscin (hem-o- f us' -in) [hemo-; jus- 
 cus, dark]. The yellowish-brown, iron-free 
 pigment found in hemochromatosis. 
 
 Hemogenesis (hem-o-jen' -es-is) . See Hemato- 
 genesis. 
 
 Hemogenic (hem-o-jen' -ik) . See Hematogenic. 
 
 Hemoglobic (hem-o-glo'-bik). Applied to cells 
 containing or generating hemoglobin. 
 
 Hemoglobin (hem-o-glo' -bin) [hemo-; globus, 
 a ball]. The coloring-matter of the red 
 corpuscles. It is an exceedingly complex 
 body, containing iron; it crystallizes in rhom- 
 bic plates or prisms, and is composed of 
 hematin and a proteid substance, called 
 globulin. It has a strong affinity for oxygen, 
 
HEMOGLOBINEMIA 
 
 475 
 
 A 
 
 HEMOGLOBINOMETER 
 
 
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 Capillary Mixing-tube 
 of the Thoma-Zeiss 
 Apparatus. — (v. 
 Jaksch.) 
 
 and the greater part of the oxygen in the 
 blood is in combination with it as oxy- 
 hemoglobin. When it 
 gives up the oxygen to 
 the tissues it becomes 
 reduced hemoglobin. It 
 is used in treatment of 
 anemia in daily doses 
 
 o f 75-i5° g r - (5-i° 
 Gra.). Syn., Purple 
 cruorin. H., Tests for. 
 See Robert, Tallqvist. 
 
 Hemoglobinemia (hem- 
 o - glo - bin - e'-me - ah) 
 [hemoglobin; alpta, 
 
 blood]. A condition in 
 which the hemoglobin 
 is dissolved out of the 
 red corpuscles, prob- 
 ably as the result of 
 the destruction of the 
 latter, and is held in so- 
 lution in the serum. The 
 blood is "lake" colored. 
 It occurs in some infectious diseases and after 
 injecting certain substances into the blood. 
 
 Hemoglobinometer (hem - o-glo- bin-om' -et-er) 
 {hemoglobin; [ihpov, a measure]. An in- 
 strument for the quantitative estimation of 
 
 Counting Chamber of the Thoma-Zeiss Hemocytometer. 
 — (Landois.) 
 
 A. Sectional view. On the upper surface is shown cover- 
 glass in position. Beneath the center of the cover is a 
 glass platform upon which are ruled the divisions shown in 
 the surface view, C The space between the cover and 
 the ruled platform is o.i mm. On each side of the 
 ruled platform is shown the moat that prevents the fluid 
 from reaching the outer disc, upon which the cover-glass 
 rests. B. Appearance of the ruled surface under micro- 
 scope and showing uniform distribution of the red cells 
 as they should appear in a properly prepared dilution. 
 
 Gowers' Hemoglobin- 
 ometer, Improved 
 Form. 
 
 Dare's Hemoglobinometer. 
 
 hemoglobin in the blood. H., Dare's, an 
 instrument consisting of a pipet and two glass 
 
HEMOGLOBINORRHEA 
 
 476 
 
 HEMOPTIC 
 
 plates by means of which the undiluted blood 
 is arranged into a stratum of exact thickness. 
 It is illuminated by direct candle-light, and 
 compared with a glass color-scale which is 
 shifted by means of an adjusting wheel. 
 The percentage of hemoglobin is shown by 
 an indicator. H., Fleischl's, in this a certain 
 dilution of the blood is made, and its color 
 then compared with that of different thick- 
 nesses of a sliding wedge of red glass. H., 
 Gowers', in this the calculation is made by 
 measuring the amount of dilution necessary 
 to make the blood of the same shade as a 
 standard solution of carmin in gelatin. 
 
 Hemoglobinorrhea (hem - o - glo - bin-or-e' -ah) 
 [hemoglobin; pom, a flow]. The escape of 
 hemoglobin from the blood-vessels. Haemo- 
 globinorrhoea cutis, an effusion of hemo- 
 globin into the skin, due to venous engorge- 
 ment. 
 
 Hemoglobinuria (hem-o-glo-bin-u' -re-ah) [hemo- 
 globin; obpov, urine]. The presence of 
 hemoglobin in the urine, due either to its 
 solution out of the red corpuscles or to 
 disintegration of the red corpuscles. H., 
 Epidemic, hemoglobinuria of the new- 
 born associated with jaundice, cyanosis, and 
 nervous symptoms. Syn., WinckeVs disease. 
 H., Intermittent, H., Paroxysmal, a form 
 characterized by recurring periodic attacks. 
 It is related to cold, and is also closely associ- 
 ated with Raynaud's disease. H., Toxic, that 
 form occurring in consequence of poisoning 
 by various substances. 
 
 Hemogregarina (hem-o-greg-ar-e' -nah) [hemo-; 
 Gregarina, a genus of Protozoa]. Gregarine- 
 like bodies found in the blood of persons 
 affected with malaria. 
 
 Hemohydronephrosis (hem-o-hi-dro-nef-ro r -sis) 
 [hemo-; udcop, water; v£(ppog, kidney]. A 
 cystic tumor of the kidney with blood and 
 urine in the contents. 
 
 Hemokelidosis (hem-o-kel-id-o 1 '-sis) [hemo-; 
 kt)\coouv, to stain]. Contamination of the 
 blood; purpura. 
 
 Hemokonia (hem-o-ko 1 '-ne-ah) [hemo-; kovco., 
 dust]. Minute, colorless, highly refractive, 
 spheroid or dumb -bell -shaped bodies con- 
 stantly present in normal and pathologic 
 blood. They are not more than i p. in diam- 
 eter, and possess active, limited molecular 
 motility, but not true ameboid motion. Syn., 
 Blood-dust; Blood-motes. 
 
 Hemol (hem'-ol) [a} pa, blood]. A dark -brown 
 powder obtained by the action of zinc upon 
 defibrinated blood, and said to contain i % 
 of soluble iron. Dose in anemia i|-6 gr. 
 (0.1-0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Hemology (hem-ol'-o-je) [hemo-; Xbyoc, sci- 
 ence]. The science treating of the blood. 
 
 Hemolysin (hem-oV '-is -in) [hemo-; Xuocc, so- 
 lution]. A substance produced in the body 
 of one species of animal by the introduction 
 of red blood-corpuscles derived from the body 
 of another species. It is capable of dissolving 
 the red blood-corpuscles of the animal species 
 from which the blood was obtained. Syn., 
 
 Erythrolysin. H., Bacterial, that formed 
 by the action of bacteria. 
 
 Hemolysis (hem-oV -is-is) . See Hematolysis. 
 
 Hemolytic (hem-ol-it' -ik) . See Hematolytic. 
 
 Hemomanometer (hem - - man - om' - et - er) 
 [hemo-; pavoc, thin; pkxpov, a measure]. A 
 manometer used in estimating blood-pres- 
 sure. 
 
 Hemomere (hem'-o-mer) [hemo-; pepoc, a 
 part]. A portion of a metamere derived 
 from the vascular system or taking part in 
 its formation. 
 
 Hemometer (hem-om' -et-er) . See Hemoglo- 
 binometer. 
 
 Hemometra (hem-o-me' -trah) . See Hemato- 
 melra. 
 
 Hemometrectasia (hem - - met-rek - ta' - ze - ah) 
 [hemo-; prjrpa, uterus; hixaacg, a stretching]. 
 Dilation of the uterus from effusion of blood 
 into its cavity. 
 
 Hemometry (hem-om' -et-re) [hemo-; pkxpov, 
 a measure]. Estimation of the amount of 
 hemoglobin or of the number of corpuscles 
 in the blood. Normal Count: Erythrocytes 
 (red corpuscles), 5,000,000; leukocytes (white 
 corpuscles), 6000 to 8000; hemoglobin, 100%. 
 Differential Count of Leukocytes : Poly- 
 morphonuclears, 62 to 70%; small lympho- 
 cytes, 20 to 30 % ; large lymphocytes, 4 to 8 % ; 
 transitionals, 1 to 2%; eosinophils, 0.5 to 
 4%; mast-cells, 0.25 to 0.5%. 
 
 Hemopathology (hem-o -path-oV '-o-je) [hemo-; 
 pathology]. The pathology of the blood. 
 
 Hemopexia (hem-o-peks'-e-ah) [hemo-; iz^cg, 
 a fixing]. A general name for diseases char- 
 acterized by a tendency of the blood to coagu- 
 late. 
 
 Hemopexin (hem-o-peks'-in). A ferment capa- 
 ble of coagulating blood. 
 
 Hemophilia (hem-o-fiV -e-ah) [hemo-; <j)cXelv, 
 to love]. Bleeder's disease, an abnormal 
 tendency to hemorrhage. It is usually hered- 
 itary, and though it is most common in males , 
 the hereditary influence is transmitted through 
 the mother. 
 
 Hemophiliac (hem-o- fil'-e-ak) [see Hemophilia]. 
 One who is affected with hemophilia. 
 
 Hemophotograph (hem-o-Jo'-to-graf) [hemo-; 
 photograph]. A photograph of blood-corpus- 
 cles; it is used in determining the hemoglo- 
 bin content. Syn., Hemaphoto graph. 
 
 Hemophthalmia (hem-oj-thaV -me-ah) [hemo-; 
 dcpdaXpdf, eye]. A hemorrhage into the inte- 
 rior of the eye. 
 
 Hemophysallis (hem -o -fis-al' - is) [hemo-; 
 (puoaXX'cg, a bladder]. A pustule or vesicle 
 filled with blood. 
 
 Hemopneumothorax (hem-o-nu-mo-tho'-raks) 
 [hemo-; nvsupa, air; dcupa£, the chest]. A 
 collection of air and blood within the pleural 
 cavity. 
 
 Hemoproctia (hem - - prok' - te - ah) [hemo-; 
 ■KpioKxbc, the anus]. Rectal hemorrhage. 
 Bloody discharge from hemorrhoids. 
 
 Hemoptic, Hemoptoic (hem-op' '-tik,. hem-op- 
 to'-ik). Relating to or attended by hemop- 
 tysis. 
 
HEMOPTYIC 
 
 477 
 
 HENLE'S AMPULLA 
 
 Hemoptyic, Hemoptysic {hem-op' -te-ik, hem- 
 op' -tis-ik). See Hemoptic. 
 
 Hemoptysis (hem-op' -tis-is) \hemo-; nxuecv, 
 to spit]. The spitting of blood from the 
 larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs. H., 
 Parasitic, a disease due to the fluke, Para- 
 gonimus Westermanii, which lodges in the 
 lungs, and exceptionally in other organs. The 
 diagnosis is made by finding the characteristic 
 ovums in the sputum. 
 
 Hemorrhage (hem'-or-dj) [hemo-; pijjvO- 
 vat, to burst forth]. An escape of blood from 
 the vessels, either by diapedesis through intact 
 walls or by rhexis through ruptured walls. 
 H., Accidental, hemorrhage during pregnancy 
 from premature detachment of the placenta 
 when normally situated. H., Capillary, 
 oozing of blood from the capillaries. H., 
 Concealed, a variety of accidental hemor- 
 rhage in which the bleeding takes place 
 between the ovum and the uterine walls, 
 without escape from the genital tract. H., 
 Consecutive,, one ensuing some time after 
 injury. H., Critical, occurring at the turning- 
 point of a disease. H., Petechial, hemor- 
 rhage under the surface in the form of minute 
 points. H., Postpartum, hemorrhage oc- 
 curring shortly after labor. H., Primary, 
 that immediately following any traumatism. 
 H., Secondary, that occurring some time 
 after the traumatism. H., Unavoidable, 
 hemorrhage from detachment of a placenta 
 praevia. H., Vicarious, a discharge of blood 
 from a part owing to the suppression of a 
 flow in another part, as vicarious menstruation . 
 
 Hemorrhagic (hem - or - a'-jik) [hemorrhage]. 
 Relating to or accompanied by hemorrhage. 
 H. Diathesis. See Hemophilia. H. Infarct. 
 See Infarct, Hemorrhagic. 
 
 Hemorrhagiferous (hem-or-aj-if -er-us) [hem- 
 orrhage; ferre, to bear]. Attended by hemor- 
 rhage; giving rise to hemorrhage. 
 
 Hemorrhagin, Haemorrhagin (hem-or-aj'-in). 
 Flexner's name for endotheliolysin, since it 
 causes extravasations of blood through its 
 direct solvent action upon capillary endo- 
 thelium. 
 
 Hemorrhagiparous (hem-or-aj-ip'-ar-us). See 
 Hemorrhagiferous . 
 
 Hemorrhea (hem-or-e'-ah) [hemo-; po'ca, a 
 flow]. A hemorrhage. 
 
 Hemorrhoid (hem'-or-oid) [aqwppoo^, flowing 
 with blood]. A pile. An enlarged and vari- 
 cose condition of the veins of the lower portion 
 of the rectum and the tissues about the anus. 
 H., Blind, one that does not cause bleeding. 
 H.s, External, those situated without the 
 sphincter ani. H.s, Internal, those within the 
 anal orifice. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal (hem-or-oi'-dal) [hemorrhoid]. 
 i. Pertaining to or affected with hemor- 
 rhoids. 2. Applied to blood-vessels, nerves, 
 etc., belonging to the anus. H. Veins, 
 the three veins which form a plexus about 
 the lower end of the rectum; through them 
 the general venous system and the portal sys- 
 tem communicate. 
 
 Hemosiderin (hem - o - sid' - er - in) [hemo-; 
 oiOTjpoc, iron]. A granular pigment, a product 
 of the decomposition of hemoglobin. It is 
 found where blood is extravasated in contact 
 with active cells, and contains iron. 
 
 Hemosiderosis (hem - o - sid - er - o' - sis) [see 
 Hemosiderin]. A form of hemochromatosis 
 characterized by the deposit of pigments con- 
 taining iron in the tissues, especially those of 
 the liver and spleen. 
 
 Hemospasia (hem-o-spa'-ze-ah) \hemo-; onaeiv, 
 to draw]. The drawing of blood to a part, as 
 by dry-cupping. 
 
 Hemospast (hem' -o-spasf) [see Hemospasia]. 
 A device for drawing blood to a part. 
 
 Hemostasia, • Hemostasis (hem-o-sta'-se-ah, 
 hem-os' -ta-sis) [hemo-; oxaocc, a standing], 
 i. Stagnation of the blood-current. 2. Ar- 
 rest of a flow of blood. 
 
 Hemostat (hem' -o-stat) [see Hemostasia]. 1. 
 Hemostatic forceps. 2. A proprietary exter- 
 nal remedy for nosebleed said to consist of 
 tannin, quinin sulfate, and benzoated fat. 
 
 Hemostatic (hem-o-slat'-ik). 1. Arresting hem- 
 orrhage. 2. An agent or remedy that arrests 
 hemorrhage. H. Forceps. See Forceps, Hemo- 
 static. H., Martin's. See Martin's Hemostatic. 
 H., Pavesi's, a mixture of collodion, 100 parts: 
 phenol, 10 parts; pure tannin, 5 parts; benzoic 
 acid, 3 parts. Syn., Pavesi's styptic collodion. 
 
 Hemostatin (hem-o-slat'-in). An extract from 
 the thymus of calves, containing sodium 
 hydroxid and calcium chlorid. 
 
 Hemosterol (hem-os' -ter-ol). A therapeutic 
 compound from blood of animals. 
 
 Hemotachometer (hem-o-tak-om' -et-er) [hemo-; 
 xayoc, swiftness; [.ikxpov, a measure]. An in- 
 strument for measuring the rate of flow of 
 blood. 
 
 Hemothorax (hem-o-tho'-raks) [hemo-; 6cupo£, 
 the chest]. An accumulation of blood in a 
 pleural cavity. 
 
 Hemotoxic (hem-o-toks'-ik). See Hematoxic. 
 H. Sensitizer, Metchnikoff's name for the 
 intermediary body. 
 
 Hemotoxin (hem - - toks' - in) [hemo-; xo^c- 
 kov, a poison]. A cytotoxin from defibrinated 
 blood. 
 
 Hemotropic (hem - - trop' - ik) [hemo-; 
 xpk.rcs.tv, to turn]. Applied to the haptophore 
 by which the intermediary body combines 
 with the corpuscle. 
 
 Hemp [ME.]. Cannabis saliva, the bast-fiber 
 of which is used for textile purposes. H., 
 Indian. See Cannabis indica. 
 
 Henbane. See Hyoscyamus. 
 
 Henke's Retrovisceral Space. The pre- 
 vertebral space of the thorax which is con- 
 tinuous with the cervical space and is filled 
 with areolar and fatty tissue. H.'s Triangle, 
 the inguinal triangle, formed by the lateral 
 border of the rectus muscle and the descend- 
 ing portion of the inguinal fold. 
 
 Henle's Ampulla. 1. The fusiform dilation 
 of the vas deferens near its junction with the 
 seminal vesicle. 2. The expanded outer half 
 of the fallopian tube. H.'s Cells, large cells 
 
HENOCH'S PURPURA 
 
 478 
 
 HEPATIZON 
 
 with granular protoplasm and one or more 
 relatively small nuclei in the seminiferous 
 tubules. H.'s Fenestrated Membrane, the 
 subendothelial fibroelastic layer of the tunica 
 intima of an artery. H.'s Fissures, inter- 
 stices filled with connective tissue between 
 the muscular fibers of the myocardium. H.'s 
 Glands, tubular glands found in the palpebral 
 conjunctiva. H.'s Internal Cremaster, the 
 smooth muscular fibers, remains of the guber- 
 naculum, surrounding the vas deferens and 
 the vessels of the spermatic cord. H.'s Liga- 
 ment, the inner portion of the conjoined 
 tendon which is chiefly attached to the sheath 
 of the rectus muscle. H.'s Loop, the U- 
 shaped section of a uriniferous tubule which 
 is formed by a descending and an ascending 
 loop-tube. H.'s Membrane. See Bruch's 
 Layer. H.'s Outer Fibrous Layer, the 
 zone of cone-fibers at the margin of the fovea 
 centralis. H.'s Sheath, i. The perineural 
 sheath. 2. The cellular layer forming the 
 outer portion of the inner root-sheath of the 
 hair. H.'s Sphincter, the striated muscular 
 fibers which encircle the prostatic and mem- 
 branous portions of the urethra. H.'s Spine, 
 spina suprameatum; an inconstant small 
 spine at the junction of the posterior and 
 superior walls of the external auditory meatus. 
 It serves as a landmark in trephining the 
 mastoid process. H.'s Stratum nerveum. 
 See Bruecke's Tunica nervea. 
 
 Henoch's Purpura. A variety of purpura with 
 gastrointestinal symptoms occurring chiefly 
 in young subjects; also a rapidly fatal form 
 of purpura {purpura fulminans) . 
 
 Henoch-Bergeron's Disease. See Bergeron's 
 Disease. 
 
 Henry's Law. See Law, Henry's. 
 
 Hensen's Canal. See Canal, Hensen's. H.'s 
 Cells, columnar epithelial cells found in 
 the organ of Corti. H.'s Disc, H.'s Stria, 
 the colorless transverse band which divides a 
 dark (anisotropic), sarcous element in. the 
 middle. H.'s Node, in the embryo, an ac- 
 cumulation of cells at the anterior end of the 
 primitive streak, through which the neuren- 
 teric canal passes from the outside into the 
 blastodermic vesicle. 
 
 Hensing's Fold. The superior ligament of 
 the cecum. A more or less triangular 
 fold of the peritoneum which is attached 
 to the abdominal wall, from the lower 
 extremity of the kidney to the iliac fossa, by 
 its lower border, and to the posteroexternal 
 aspect of the colon, at times also to the cecum, 
 by its anterior or internal border. The apex 
 is fixed in the lumbar fossa, the lower free 
 border extending from the iliac fossa to the 
 intestine. Syn., Parietocolic fold. 
 
 Hepar {he' -par) \i]~ap, the liver]. 1. The liver. 
 2. A substance having the color of liver, as 
 hepar sulphur is. H. induratum, an affection 
 differing from cirrhosis, occurring after long- 
 continued fevers, frequently characterized by 
 melanemic pigmentary deposits in or near 
 the capillaries and hyperplasia of the inter- 
 
 acinous connective tissue. H. siccatum, the 
 dried and powdered liver of swine freed from 
 blood. Dose, in atrophic cirrhosis of liver, 
 300 gr. (20 Gm.) daily. H. sulphuris, 
 potassium sulfid; formerly much used in 
 medicine, now used mainly by homeopathists. 
 
 Heparaden {hep -ar' -ad-en) [hepar; dorjv, a 
 gland]. A therapeutic preparation of liver- 
 substance, 2 parts; lactose, 1 part. It is 
 used in icterus. Dose 92-154 gr. (6-10 Gm.) 
 daily. 
 
 Hepatalgia {hep-at-aV -je-ah) [hepar; aXyoc, pain]. 
 Neuralgic pain in the liver. 
 
 Hepatatroptiia {hep-at-at-ro'-fe-ah) [hepar; 
 drpo(f)ca, atrophy]. Atrophy of the liver. 
 
 Hepatauxe {hep-at-awk'-se) [hepar; au^t], in- 
 crease]. Enlargement of the liver. 
 
 Hepatectomy {hep - at - ek f -to- me) [hepar; 
 eKTOfirj, a cutting out]. Excision of the liver, 
 wholly or in part. 
 
 Hepathemia, Hepathsemia {hep-ath-e' -me-ah) 
 [hepar; ai/ia, blood]. Sanguineous hepatic 
 congestion. Syn., Hepatohemia. 
 
 Hepatic {hep-at'-ik) [hepar]. Pertaining to the 
 liver. 
 
 Hepatica {hep-at'-ik-ah). Liverwort; a genus 
 of ranunculaceous plants. H. triloba and H. 
 acutiloba were formerly esteemed in the treat- 
 ment of hepatic, renal, and pulmonary com- 
 plaints. 
 
 Hepaticocholecystostcholecystenterostomy 
 {hep-at-ik-o-ko -le - sist-ost-ko-le- sist-en-ter-os' '- 
 to-me). An anastomosis between the gall- 
 bladder and hepatic duct, on one hand, and 
 between the intestine and gall-bladder, on the 
 other. 
 
 Hepaticopulmonary {hep-at-ik-o-pul'-mon-a-re) 
 [hepar; pulmo, lung]. Relating to the liver 
 and the lungs. 
 
 Hepaticostomy {hep-at-ik-os' -to-me) [hepar; 
 ordfjia, mouth]. The formation of a fistula 
 into the hepatic duct. 
 
 Hepaticotomy {hep - at -ik -of -o -me) [hepar; 
 t£[xvecv, to cut]. Incision of the hepatic duct. 
 
 Hepatin {hep'-at-in) [hepar]. Glycogen. 
 
 Hepatitis {hep-at-i' -tis) [hepar; mc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the liver. H., 
 Indurative, a form marked by formation 
 of fibrous tissue causing the liver-cells to 
 atrophy from compression. H., Interstitial, 
 inflammation of the connective tissue of the 
 liver leading in some cases to the formation 
 of abscesses or to softening and atrophy of 
 the glandular structure, and in others to 
 induration and cirrhosis. H., Interstitial, 
 Chronic, cirrhosis of the liver. H., Paren- 
 chymatous, Acute, acute yellow atrophy of 
 the liver. H., Suppurative, abscess of the 
 liver. 
 
 Hepatization {hep-at-iz-a' -shun) [hepar]. A 
 change of a tissue into a condition in which 
 it resembles the liver, as hepatization of the 
 lung. H., Gray, that in which the hepatized 
 lung tissue is gray. H., Red, that in which 
 it is red from an excess of blood. 
 
 Hepatizon {hep-at-i' -zon) [ijTzazi^siv, to be like 
 the liver]. Chloasma. 
 
HEPATO- 
 
 479 
 
 HERMAPHRODISM 
 
 Hepato- {hep-at-o-) [hepar]. A prefix denoting 
 
 relation to the liver. 
 Hepatocele {hep'-at-o-sel) [hepato-; ktjAt), a her- 
 nia]. Hernia of the liver. 
 Hepato cirrhosis {hep-at-o-sir-o' 'sis) [hepato-; 
 
 cirrhosis]. Cirrhosis of the liver. 
 Hepatoduodenostomy {hep-at-o-du-od-en-os 1 '- 
 to-me) [hepato-; duodenum; azop.a, mouth]. The 
 formation of an opening from the liver into 
 the duodenum. 
 
 Hepatodysentery {hep-at-o-dis' '-en-ter-e) . In- 
 flammation of the liver attended with dysen- 
 tery; hepatic dysentery. 
 
 -Hepatogenic, Hepatogenous {hep-at-o-jen'-ik, 
 hep-at-of -en-us) [hepato-; yevvav, to produce]. 
 Produced by or in the liver. H. Icterus, 
 jaundice caused by the absorption of bile 
 from the liver. 
 
 Hepatohemia (hep-at-o-hem r -e-ah) . SeeHepa- 
 t hernia. 
 
 Hepatolithiasis {hep-at-o-lith-i' -as-is) [hepato-; 
 lithiasis]. A diseased condition characterized 
 by the formation of gall-stones in the liver. 
 
 Hepatomalacia {hep-at-o-mal-a' '-she-ah) [hep- 
 ato-; tiaXan'ta, softness]. Softening of the liver. 
 
 Hepatomphalocele {hep-at-om-faV -o-sel) [hep- 
 ato-; 6fi(f)aA6c, the navel; K-qXrj, a hernia]. An 
 umbilical hernia with part of the liver con- 
 tained in the sac. 
 
 Hepatopathy {hep-at-o p' -ath-e) [hepato-; izaBog, 
 disease]. Any disease of the liver. 
 
 Hepatopexy {hep 1 ' -at-o-peks-e) [hepato-; 7rfj£;cc, 
 fixation]. Surgical fixation of a floating liver. 
 
 Hepatophage {hep'-at-o-faj) [hepato-; <j>aye~cv, 
 to eat]. A giant -cell peculiar to the liver, 
 which is said to destroy liver-cells. 
 
 Hepatophlebitis {hep-at-o-fleb-i' -tis) [hepato-; 
 phlebitis]. Inflammation of the veins of the liver. 
 
 Hepatophlebotomy {hep -at-o-fleb- ot'-o-me) 
 [hepato-; <f)\k$, a vein; zepvecv, to cut]. The 
 aspiration of blood from the liver. 
 
 Hepatoptosis {hep-at-o-to' '-sis) [hepato-; tzzojocc, 
 a falling]. Synonym of Floating liver. 
 
 Hepatorrhaphy {hep-at-or' '-a-fe) [hepato-; pa<f>r], 
 suture]. Suture- of the liver. 
 
 Hepatorrhea {hep-at-or-e'^ah) [hepato-; poca, 
 flow]. Morbid or excessive secretion of bile 
 by the liver. 
 
 Hepatorrhexis {hep-at-or-eks' -is) [hepato-; pfj^cc, 
 a rupture]. Rupture of the liver. 
 
 Hepatostomy {he p-at-os' -to-me) [hepato-; ozojia, 
 a mouth]. The establishment in the liver- 
 substance of communication between parts 
 of the liver obstructed by concretions. 
 
 Hepatotomy {hep-at-of -o-me) [hepato-; zkjivecv, 
 to cut]. Incision of the liver. 
 
 Hepatotoxemia {hep-at-o-toks-e' '-me-ah) [hep- 
 ato-; toxemia]. Toxemia due to disturbance of 
 the hepatic functions. 
 
 Hepatotoxin {hep-at-o-toks'-in) [hepato-; zo^ckov, 
 a poison]. A cytotoxin found by E. Metch- 
 nikoff in the liver. 
 
 Hephestic {hef-es'-tik) ['Hcfraiozoc, Vulcan] 
 Prevailing or occurring among hammermen, 
 as hephestic cramp. 
 
 Hephestiorrhaphy {he-fes-te-or'-af-e) ["H^Wcr- 
 ror, Vulcan; pacprj, a seam]. The applica- 
 
 tion of the actual cautery to the edges of a 
 wound to bring about adhesion. 
 
 Heptad {hep'-tad) [knza, seven]. An element 
 having a quantivalence of seven. 
 
 Heptadicity {hep-tad-is' -it-e) [see Heptad]. 
 Septivalence. 
 
 Heptane {hep' -tan) [see Heptad], C 7 H 16 . A 
 liquid hydrocarbon of the paraffin group, 
 contained in petroleum and also obtained 
 from the resin of Pinus sabiniana by dry 
 distillation. Syn., Abietene. 
 
 Herb {erb) [herba, an herb]. A plant the stem 
 of which contains but little wood and dies 
 down to the ground at the end of the season. 
 
 Herbivorous {her - biv' - or - us) [herb; vorare, 
 to devour]. Living on vegetable food. 
 
 Herbst's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, Herbst's. 
 
 Hereditary {he-red' -it-a-re) [heres, an heir]. 
 Transmitted from parent to offspring, as 
 hereditary disease. H. Ataxia, a family dis- 
 ease of the young, depending on combined 
 posterior and lateral sclerosis of the cord. It 
 differs from tabes and ataxic paraplegia in the 
 early age of its appearance, its hereditary 
 nature, and some other features. H. Syphilis. 
 See Syphilis, Hereditary. 
 
 Hereditation {her -ed- it - a' - shun) [heredity]. 
 The effect or influence of heredity. 
 
 Heredity {he-red' -it-e) [hereditas, heredity]. 
 The transmission of physical or mental quali- 
 ties or tendencies from ancestor to offspring; 
 the principle or force by reason of which the 
 offspring resembles the parent. 
 
 Heredo- {her-e-do-) . In composition, hereditary. 
 
 Hering's Law. The distinctness or purity of 
 any sensation or conception depends upon 
 the proportion existing between their inten- 
 sity and the sum-total of the intensities of 
 all simultaneous sensations and conceptions. 
 H.'s Test, on looking with both eyes through 
 a tube blackened inside and having a thread 
 across one end, if a small round object is 
 dropped immediately in front of or behind the 
 thread, a subject with binocular vision can 
 at once tell whether it has fallen nearer to 
 his eyes or further away from them than the 
 thread. In the absence of binocular vision 
 a few trials will show that the relative dis- 
 tances of the falling object and the thread 
 cannot be appreciated. H.'s Theory of 
 Color-sensation, this predicates disassimi- 
 lation and assimilation (decomposition and 
 restitution) of the visual substance in vision — 
 white, red, and yellow representing the sensa- 
 tion of disassimilation ; black, green, and 
 blue, that of restitution. 
 
 Hermaphrodism, Hermaphroditism {her- 
 nial' -ro-dizm, her-maf'-ro-di-tizm) [''Ep/mf^, 
 Mercury; 'A<f)podiX7), Venus]. The coexist- 
 ence, in a single individual, of ovaries and 
 testicles. H., Complex, a condition in which 
 there are present the internal and the ex- 
 ternal organs of both sexes. H., Lateral, 
 a form in which male organs (especially a 
 testicle) are more or less developed on one 
 side, and female organs (especially an ovary) 
 on the opposite side. H., Spurious, a con- 
 
HERMAPHRODITE 
 
 480 
 
 HERNIA 
 
 dition in which the individual is of one sex, 
 but presents the outward signs of the other. 
 H., Transverse, an instance in which the 
 external organs indicate the one sex, and the 
 internal, the opposite. H., Unilateral, that 
 in which there are on one side an ovary and 
 a testicle, and, on 'the other, an ovary or a 
 testicle. 
 
 Hermaphrodite (her-maf'-ro-dlt) [see Her- 
 maphrodism]. An individual affected with 
 hermaphrodism; usually the condition is due 
 to some congenital malformation of the 
 genital organs, such as epispadias, hypospa- 
 dia, cleft of the scrotum, etc., that makes the 
 determination of sex somewhat doubtful. 
 
 Hermetic (her -met' -ik) ['Epfirjg; Mercury]. 
 Protected from exposure to air; air-tight, as 
 the hermetic sealing of a wound. 
 
 Hermophenol, Hermophenyl (her-mo-)e' -nol, 
 -nil). A mercuriosodic phenol disulfonate 
 containing 40% of metallic mercury, used as 
 an antiseptic and antisyphilitic On wounds, 
 in a solution of 1 : 100; injection in syphilis, 
 64 min (4 Cc.) of a solution of o 5 eg. to the 
 cubic centimeter every 2 or 3 days. Syn., 
 Sodium mer euro phenyl disulfonate. 
 
 Hernia (her'-ne-ah) [L.]. A protrusion of a 
 viscus through an abnormal opening in the 
 wall of the containing cavity; used without 
 qualification, the word refers to hernia of 
 the intestine H., Abdominal, a protrusion 
 of a portion of the abdominal viscera through 
 some portion of the parietes. H. adiposa, 
 a liparocele. H. adnata, a congenital hernia. 
 H. annularis, umbilical hernia. H. of the 
 Bladder, the protrusion of a part of the 
 
 Oblique Inguinal Hernia. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Bubonocele on right side, but passing through external 
 
 ring on left. 
 
 bladder through one of the openings of the 
 abdominal cavity. H. of the Brain, H. 
 capitis, H. cerebri, a protrusion of the brain 
 through the skull. Syn., Fungus cerebri. H., 
 Complete, a hernia in which the sac and 
 its contents have passed the hernial orifice 
 H., Congenital, a form of indirect inguinal 
 hernia in which, the vaginal process of the 
 peritoneum having remained patulous, the 
 bowel descends at once into the scrotum, in 
 
 direct contact with the testicle. H., Cooper's. 
 See Cooper's Hernia. H. cordis, displacement 
 of the heart with encroachment on the dia- 
 phragm or mediastinal wall. H., Crural. See 
 
 Direct Inguinal Hernia. — {Moullin.) 
 
 H., Femoral H., Cystic. Same as Cys- 
 tocele. H., Diaphragmatic, a protrusion of 
 a portion of some of the abdominal vis- 
 
 Femoral Hernia. — (Moullin.) 
 
 cera into the thorax, through a congenital 
 defect in the diaphragm, or through a dila- 
 tion or laceration of one of the natural 
 
 Strangulated Hernta. — (Moullin.) 
 
 openings. H., Displaced, one that has been 
 forced from the scrotum into the subperitoneal 
 connective tissue of the abdomen. H,, 
 Diverticular, hernia of a congenital diver- 
 
HERNIA 
 
 481 
 
 HERNIOPLASTY 
 
 Unstrangulated Hernia. 
 {Moullin.) 
 
 ticulum of the intestine; hernia of Meckel's 
 diverticulum. Syn., Littre's hernia. H. 
 dolorosa, a painful incarcerated hernia. H., 
 Duodenojejunal. See H., Retroperitoneal. 
 H., Encysted, a form in which the pouch 
 forming the tunica vaginalis is closed at its 
 upper end, but open below The hernia in de- 
 scending along the inguinal canal enters the 
 scrotum behind the tunica vaginalis, and is 
 more or less completely surrounded by its 
 posterior layer H., Epiploic, H. epiploica. 
 See Epiplocele. H., 
 Fatty. See Lipa- 
 rocele and Steatocele. 
 H., Femoral, a 
 hernia through the 
 femoral canal, the 
 tumor appearing on 
 the upper inner as- 
 pect of the thigh, 
 below Poupart's 
 ligament. H., 
 Femoro inguinal, a 
 femoral hernia co- 
 existent with an 
 inguinal hernia. 
 H., Free, a re- 
 ducible hernia. H., 
 
 Hesselbach's. See Hesselbach's Hernia. 
 H., Holthouse's. See Holtho use's Hernia. 
 H., Incarcerated, a hernia which has become 
 occluded by the accumulation of gas, feces, 
 or undigested food, thus causing obstruction 
 of the bowels. H., Incomplete, one that 
 has not entirely passed through the hernial 
 orifice. H., Infantile. See H., Encysted. 
 H., Inguinal, a hernia occupying the in- 
 guinal canal. H., Intercostal, a protrusion 
 through the last costal interspaces, due to 
 an intercostal wound. H., 
 Interstitial, a displaced 
 hernia in which the sac has 
 found a way between two 
 layers of aponeurosis. H. 
 of Iris, a protrusion of a 
 portion of the iris after 
 iridectomy, trauma, etc. 
 H., Irreducible, one in 
 which the protruded viscus 
 cannot be returned by 
 manipulation. H., Ischi- 
 atic, a protrusion of the 
 bowel through the great 
 sacrosciatic foramen. H.- 
 knife, a probe-pointed 
 knife for incising the con- 
 striction of a hernial sac. H., Labial, a pro- 
 trusion of the bowel between the vagina and 
 the ramus of the ischium into a labium majus. 
 H., Lacrimal, H. of the Lacrimal Sac, 
 H. lacrimalis, protrusion of the mucosa 
 of the lacrimal sac through ,an opening in 
 its anterior wall. H., Lateral, H. lateralis, 
 diverticular hernia. H., Lavater's. See 
 H., Richter's. H. lienalis, hernia of 
 
 The term is improperly applied to Richter's 
 hernia. H., Malgaigne's. See Malgaigne's 
 Hernia. H., Mesocolic, a protrusion of the 
 bowel between two layers of the mesocolon. 
 H., Obstructed. See H., Incarcerated. H., 
 Obturator, a protrusion of bowel through 
 the obturator foramen. H., Omental, a 
 hernia containing omentum; epiplocele. H., 
 Pectineal, one that, having made its way 
 internal to and behind the femoral vessels, 
 rests upon the pectineus muscle. H., Peri- 
 neal, a protrusion of the abdominal contents 
 between the fibers of the levator ani muscle 
 in front of or to one side of the anus. H., 
 Pudendal. Same as H., Labial. H., Rec- 
 tal, i. See Proctocele. 2. A protrusion of 
 part of the pelvic or abdominal contents 
 through the anus, held in a sac formed by 
 eversion of the rectum. H., Reducible, 
 one that may be returned by manipulation. 
 H., Retrocecal, a protrusion of the bowel 
 occupying an inconstant pouch dorsad of 
 the cecum. Syn., Rieux's hernia. H., Retro- 
 peritoneal, a hernia in which the intestine 
 lodges in the fossa duodenojejunalis. H., 
 Richter's, partial enterocele; hernia par- 
 tially strangulated, so that the lumen of 
 the intestine remains more or less open. 
 H., Rieux's. See H., Retrocecal. H., 
 Sacrorectal, posterior proctocele from de- 
 fective ossification of the sacrum. H., Scro- 
 tal, that form of inguinal hernia in which 
 the protrusion has entered the scrotum. H., 
 Strangulated, a hernia which is so tightly 
 constricted at its neck as to interfere with 
 its return, with the circulation of blood, and 
 the passage of feces. H., Umbilical, a 
 protrusion of the abdominal contents through 
 the umbilicus. H., Umbilicovesical, hernia 
 
 The pillars open, the cord held up. 
 
 The pillars sutured, 
 the cord held up. 
 
 The deep fascia 
 closed over 
 the cord. 
 
 Radical Operation for Inguinal Hernia. — (Horwitz, after Bassini.) 
 
 of the bladder through the umbilicus. H., 
 Ventral, the name applied to protrusions 
 of the abdominal contents through the ab- 
 dominal walls in situations not usually subject 
 to hernia. 
 Hernial {her' -ne-al) . Pertaining to hernia. 
 H. Sac, the diverticulum of the peritoneum 
 which the hernia pushes before it or into 
 which it descends. 
 
 the spleen. H. of Littre, a hernia in which Hernioplasty (her'-ne-o-plas-te). The opera- 
 only a diverticulum of the bowel is affected. tion for the radical cure of hernia. 
 32 
 
HERNIOPUNCTURE 
 
 482 
 
 HETEROCHROMIA 
 
 
 Herniopuncture (her-ne-o-punk'-chur) [hernia; 
 punctura, a pricking]. The puncture of a 
 hernia. 
 
 Herniotome (her' -ne-o-tom) [hernia; rofirj, a 
 cutting]. A hernia knife. 
 
 Herniotomy (her-ne-ot'-o-me) [see Herniotome]. 
 Operation for the relief of hernia by section 
 of the constriction. 
 
 Heroic (he-ro'-ik) [rjpcoc, a hero]. Bold or 
 daring; rash or unusually severe; applied 
 usually to medical treatment by large doses or 
 by measures involving risk. 
 
 Heroin (her'-o-in), C 17 H 17 NO(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . The 
 diacetic-acid ester of morphin. It is anodyne 
 and sedative, and is used in coughs, dyspnea, 
 and pectoral pains. Dose j2~h g 1 " (°-°°5~ 
 0.032 Gm.). 
 
 Herophilus, Torcular of. The dilation at 
 the junction of the superior longitudinal, 
 straight, two lateral, and two occipital sinuses. 
 
 Herpes (her'-pez) \lp7zecv, to creep]. An 
 acute inflammatory affection of the skin 
 or mucous membrane, characterized by the 
 development of groups of vesicles on an in- 
 flammatory base. H. circinatus. See 
 Tinea circinata. H. exedens, a general term 
 for the varieties of herpes and lupus charac- 
 terized by hard vesicles in thronged clusters 
 and containing dense reddish or yellow fluid. 
 H. facialis, an acute, noncontagious, in- 
 flammatory disorder of the skin that appears 
 in the form of one or more groups of vesicles. 
 It is commonly called fever-blisters, a form 
 of herpes appearing especially on the lips. It 
 is frequent in "cold," malaria, croupous 
 pneumonia, and cerebrospinal meningitis. 
 Syn., Herpes febrilis. H. febrilis. See H. 
 facialis. H. iris, a form of erythema with 
 vesicles growing in a ring. It is usually 
 seen on the backs of the hands and feet. 
 H. labialis. See H. facialis. H. praepu- 
 tialis, H. progenitalis, a form of herpes 
 in which vesicles, the size of a pin's head 
 to that of a small pea, occur upon the glans 
 and prepuce. H. tonsurans. See Tinea 
 tonsurans. H. zoster, herpes in which the 
 lesions are distributed in relation to the 
 course of a cutaneous nerve, and, as a rule, 
 unilateral. They are usually seen in the line 
 of the intercostal nerves, but may follow the 
 course of any nerve. The outbreak of the 
 eruption is generally preceded by severe 
 neuralgic pain. Syn., Ignis sacer; Shingles; 
 Zona; Zoster. 
 
 Herpetic (her-pet'-ik) [herpes]. Pertaining 
 to herpes. H. Sore Throat. See Tonsillitis, 
 Herpetic. 
 
 Herpetiform (her-pet 1 '-if-orm) [herpes; forma, 
 form]. Resembling herpes. 
 
 Herpetism (her' -pet-izm) . A constitutional 
 tendency to eruptions of herpes. 
 
 Herxheimer's Spiral Fibers. Spiral fibers 
 found in the rete mucosum of the epidermis. 
 
 Heryng's Benign Ulcer. A solitary ulcer 
 situated on the anterior fauces and resembling 
 a large herpetic vesicle. H.'s Sign, an in- 
 fraorbital shadow observed on introducing an 
 
 ■ electric light into the mouth in empyema of 
 the antrum of Highmore. 
 
 Herzberg's Reagent for Free Hydrochloric 
 Acid. Moisten paper with a solution of 
 Congo red; when dried, it turns blue or 
 bluish-black upon being moistened with hy- 
 drochloric acid. , 
 
 Hesselbach's Hernia. A lobulated hernia 
 passing through the cribriform fascia. H.'s 
 Ligament, the ligamentum interfoveolare; 
 a thin, fibrous band extending from the pos- 
 terior surface of the fascia transversalis, near 
 the plica semilunaris, to the pubic bone and 
 Gimbernat's ligament; it forms part of the 
 conjoined tendon. H.'s Triangle, a space 
 bounded by Poupart's ligament below, the 
 external border of the rectus abdominis inter- 
 nally, and the deep epigastric artery exter- 
 nally. Direct inguinal hernia occurs in this 
 space. 
 
 Heteradelphus (het -er -ad- el' fus) [hetero-; 
 ddeX(f)6c, brother]. A joined twin monster, 
 consisting of an autositic monster with an 
 attached parasite, the head of the latter 
 being absent. 
 
 Heteradenia (het-er-ad-e' -ne-ah) [hetero-; dorjv, 
 a gland]. 1. Normal glandular structure oc- 
 curring in a part normally not provided with 
 glands. 2. Glandular structure departing 
 from the normal type. 
 
 Heteradenic (het-er-ad-e' -nik) [see Heteradenia]. 
 Pertaining to or consisting of tissue that is 
 unlike normal glandular tissue, or to glandular 
 tissue occurring in an abnormal place. 
 
 Heteralius (het-er-a'-le-us) [hetero-; aXwc, a 
 disc] A double monster in which the para- 
 site is very incomplete, and with no direct 
 connection with the umbilical cord of its host. 
 
 Heterecism, Hetercecism (het -er - e' - sizm) 
 [hetero-; oIkoc, sl house]. Parasitism upon 
 one host during one stage of growth or 
 generation, and upon another host for the 
 development of another stage or generation. 
 
 Hetero- (het-er-o-) [erepoc, other]. A prefix 
 denoting unlikeness. 
 
 Heteroalbumose (het-er-o-al'-bu-mos) [hetero-; 
 albumose]. A variety of albumose soluble 
 in salt solutions, insoluble in water, and 
 precipitated by saturation with sodium chlorid 
 or magnesium sulfate. 
 
 Heteroautoplasty (het -er - o - aw' - to - plas-te) 
 ► [hetero-; auxbc, self; izXaooziv, to form] Graft- 
 ing of skin from one person upon the body 
 of another. 
 
 Heteroblastic (het-er-o-blas'-tik) [hetero-; [IXao- 
 toc, germ; bud]. Arising from tissue of a 
 different kind. 
 
 Heterocelous, Heteroccelous (het-er-o-se'-lus) 
 [hetero-; ko'cXoc, hollow]. Convexoconcave. 
 
 Heterocentric (het -er - o - sen' - trik) [hetero-; 
 fcivrpov, center]. Applied to rays that do 
 not meet in a common center. 
 
 Heterochromatosis (het-er-o-kro-mat-o'-sis) 
 [hetero-; ip<l>p.a, color] 1. Pigmentation of 
 the skin due to substances foreign to the 
 body. 2. See Heterochromia. 
 
 Heterochromia (h&t-er-o-kro'-me-ah) [see 
 
HETEROCHYLIA 
 
 483 
 
 HETEROTROPHIA 
 
 Heterochromatosis]. A difference in color, as 
 of the irises of the two eyes, or, different parts 
 of the same iris. 
 
 Heterochylia (het-er-o-ki'-le-ah) [hetero-; %uX6c, 
 chyle]. A variable condition of the gastric 
 contents, changing suddenly from normal 
 acidity to hyperacidity or anacidity. 
 
 Heterocrisis (het-er-o-kri'-sis) [hetero- ; up to eg, 
 a crisis]. An abnormal crisis in disease. 
 
 Heterodesmotic (het-er-o-dez-mot'-ik) [hetero-; 
 deajwc, a bond]. Connecting other parts; 
 applied to nerve-fibers connecting centers of 
 unequal value or associating nervous centers 
 with other parts. 
 
 Heterodymus (het-er-od' -im-us) [hetero-; dedu- 
 p.oc, twin]. A double monster, the accessory 
 part being but an imperfect head, with a 
 neck and thorax by which it is implanted in 
 the anterior abdominal wall of its host. 
 
 Heteroepidermic (het - er - o - e.p - e - der r - mik). 
 Pertaining to or taken from the skin of some 
 other person; a form of skin-grafting. 
 
 Heteroganglionic (het-er-o-gan-gle-on'-ik) . Re- 
 lating to different ganglions; applied to the 
 connecting nerve-fibers between ganglions. , 
 
 Heterogeneous (het - er - o - je' - ne - us) [hetero-; 
 ykvoc, kind]. Differing in kind or nature; 
 composed of different substances; not homo- 
 geneous. 
 
 Heterogenesis (het - er -o - jen' - es - is) [hetero-; 
 ykvzctg, generation]. A mode of reproduction 
 in which the living parent gives rise to off- 
 spring that pass through totally different 
 series of states from those exhibited by the 
 parents, and do not return into the cycle of 
 the parents. 
 
 Heteroglaucous (het-er-o-glaw' '-kus) [hetero-; 
 yXauKoc, bluish- green], i. Having one eye 
 blue and the other black or gray. 2. Re- 
 lating to the anomalous production of 
 greenish or glaucous spots. 
 
 Heteroid, Heteroideous (het'-er-oid, -oid'-e-us) 
 [erspoc, other]. Formed diversely; applied 
 to inclosed structures which differ from their 
 investment. 
 
 Heteromfection (het-er-o-in-iek' '-shun) [hetero-; 
 infection]. 1. Infection transmitted by a per- 
 son who is himself not affected. 2. Infection 
 of any organism by a poison not produced 
 within itself; opposed to autoinfection. 
 
 Heteroinoculation (het-er-o-in-ok-u-la' '-shun) 
 [hetero-; inoculation]. Inoculation of one 
 person by another. 
 
 Heterologous (het-er-oV -o-gus) [hetero-; Xbyoc, 
 relation]. Differing in structure or form from 
 the normal. H. Tumors, tumors constituted 
 of a tissue different from that of the part in 
 or on which they are situated. 
 
 Heterolysin (het-er-oV -is-in) [hetero-; Xbatc, 
 solution]. A lysin produced in the body 
 of one species of animal by the introduction 
 of blood from a different species. Cf. 
 Isolysin. 
 
 Heterolysis (het-er-oV -is-is) [see Heterolysin]. 
 The hemolytic action of the blood-serum of 
 one animal upon the corpuscles of another 
 species. Cf. Isolysis. 
 
 Heterometry (het-er-om' -et-re) [hetero-; jihpov, 
 a measure]. Deviation from the normal 
 state in a part, in regard to the amount of its 
 contents. 
 
 Heteromorphous (het-er-o-mor' -jus) [hetero-; 
 p.op<j)T}, form]. Differing from the normal 
 in form. 
 
 Heteronymous (het -er - on' - im - us) [hetero-; 
 bvup.a, name]. On opposite sides. 
 
 Heteropagus (het-er-op' -ag-us) [hetero-; itayoc. 
 fixture]. A double monster in which the 
 parasite, having a head and extremities, is 
 attached to the anterior abdominal wall 
 of its host. 
 
 Heteropathy (het-er-op' -ath-e) [hetero-; itadoc, 
 suffering]. 1. The treatment of a disease 
 by inducing a different morbid condition to 
 neutralize it. 2. Abnormal reaction to 
 stimulus or irritation. 
 
 Heterophasia (het-er-o-fa' -ze-ah) . See Hetero- 
 phemy. 
 
 Heterophemy (het-er-of -em-e) [hetero-; <f>T]fir), 
 utterance]. The saying of one thing while 
 another is intended. 
 
 Heterophoralgia (het-er-o-for-al'-je-ah) [hetero- 
 phoria; aXyoc, pain]. Eye-strain or ocular 
 pain caused by heterophoria. 
 
 Heterophoria (het-er-o-fo'-re-ah) [hetero-; fyopbc, 
 tending]. A relation of the visual lines of 
 the two eyes other than that of parallelism. 
 Esophoria is a tending of the lines inward; 
 exophoria, outward; hyperphoria, a tending 
 of the right or left visual line in a direction 
 above its fellow; hyper esophoria, a tending 
 of the visual lines upward and inward; 
 hyper exophoria, upward and outward. 
 
 Heterophthalmos (het-er-of -thai' -mos). See 
 Heterochromia. 
 
 Heteroplasia (het-er-o-pla' -ze-ah) [hetero-; 
 nXaooecv, to form]. The presence, in a part, 
 of a tissue that does not belong there normally. 
 
 Heteroplasm (het'-er-o-plazm) [see Hetero- 
 plasia]. Abnormal or false tissue. 
 
 Heteroplasty (het'-er-o-plas-te) [see Hetero- 
 plasia]. 1. Heteroplasia. 2. The operation 
 of grafting parts taken from another species. 
 
 Heteroproteose (het-er-o-pro'-te-oz) . A product 
 of the digestion of syntonin in the stomach. 
 
 Heteroptics (het-er-op' -tiks) [hetero-; 6tlxckoc, 
 belonging to sight], 1. Clairvoyance. 2. 
 Perverted vision. 
 
 Hetero scope (het'-er-o-skop) [hetero-; okotzuv, 
 to examine]. An apparatus for the accurate 
 measurement of the various angles at which 
 a deviating eye in strabismus can see. 
 
 Heterotaxis (het-er-o-taks'-is) [hetero-; ra&c, 
 order]. The anomalous disposition or trans- 
 position of organs. 
 
 Heterotopia (het-er-o-to' -pe-ah) [hetero-; totcoc, 
 place]. A misplacement of normal tissue, 
 especially a congenital malformation of the 
 brain, in which masses of gray matter are 
 found transplanted into the white. 
 
 Heterotrichous (het-er-ot' -rik-us) [hetero-; dp'c£, 
 hair]. Furnished with two kinds of cilia. 
 
 Heterotrophia, Heterotrophy (het-er-o-tro'- 
 fe-ah, het-er-ot'-ro-fe) [hetero-; rpocfir], sus- 
 
HETEROTROPIA 
 
 484 
 
 HIGHMORE, ANTRUM OF 
 
 
 tenance]. Any perversion or disorder of 
 nutrition. 
 
 Heterotropia (het-er-o-trop' -e-ah) . See Strabis- 
 mus. 
 
 Heterotypus (het-er-o-ti'-pus) [heiero-; xbnog, a 
 type]. A double monster having the 
 parasitic fetus hanging from the ventral 
 wall of the principal subject. 
 
 Heterovalvate {het-er-o-vaV -vat) [hetero-; 
 valva, valve]. Having two kinds of valves. 
 
 Heteroxanthin (het - er - o - zan' - thin) [hetero-; 
 $avdoc, yellow], C 6 H 6 N 4 2 . A leukomain 
 that can be isolated in crystalline form from 
 urine. 
 
 Heteroxeny (het-er-oks' '-en-e) [hetero-; ^evog, 
 a guest]. The quality of living upon dif- 
 ferent hosts. Cf . Heterecism. 
 
 Hetocresol, Hetokresol (het-o-kre'-sol). See 
 Cinnamyl-metacresol. 
 
 Hetoform (het'-o-form). Bismuth cinnamate. 
 
 Hetol (het'-ol) See Sodium Cinnamate. 
 
 Heubner's Disease. Syphilitic endarteritis 
 of the brain. 
 
 Hexa- (heks-ah-) [is cif , six]. A prefix signifying 
 six. 
 
 Hexad (heks'-ad) [Ifaf, six]. An element the 
 atom of which has a quantivalence of six. 
 
 Hexadactylism (heks-ah-dak 1 '-til-izm) [hexa-; 
 oaKTuXoc, a finger]. Having six fingers or toes. 
 
 Hexahydrohematoporphyrin (heks-ah-hi-dro- 
 hem-at-o-por 1 '-fi-rin) . A reduction-product of 
 hematin. 
 
 Hexamethylenamin (heks-ah-meth-il-en'-am- 
 in), C 6 H 12 N 4 , the hexamethylenamina of the 
 U. S. P., a condensation-product obtained by 
 the action of ammonia on formaldehyd. Syn., 
 H examethylenetetramin; Urotropin. 
 
 Hexane (heks'-an) [leaf, six], C 6 H 14 . The 
 sixth member of the paraffin series of hydro- 
 carbons. It is a liquid, boiling at about 71 
 C, found in various natural oils. 
 
 Hexatomic (heks-at-om f -ik) [hexa-; drofioc, an 
 atom]. Consisting of six atoms; also ap- 
 plied to atoms that are hexavalent, and to 
 alcohols or other compounds having six re- 
 placeable hydrogen atoms. 
 
 Hexavalent (heks-av' -al-ent) [hexa-; valens, hav- 
 ing power]. Having the same combining 
 power as six hydrogen atoms. 
 
 Hexhydric (heks-hi' -drik) [hexa-; odcop, water]. 
 1. Containing six atoms of replaceable hydro- 
 gen. 2. Containing six molecules of water. 
 H. Alcohols, alcohols containing six hydroxyl 
 groups attached to six different carbon atoms; 
 they approach the sugars closely in their prop- 
 erties. Moderate oxidation converts them 
 into glucoses. 
 
 Hexoses (heks-o'-sez) [i?af , six]. The aldehyd or 
 ketone derivatives of the hexhydric alcohols. 
 
 Hey's Infantile Hernia. See Cooper's Hernia. 
 H.'s Internal Derangement, dislocation 
 of the semilunar cartilages of the knee-joint, 
 especially the internal. H.'s Ligament, 
 the femoral ligament, a falciform expansion 
 of the fascia lata. 
 
 Heynsius' Test for Albumin. Add to the 
 solution acetic acid sufficient to acidify, and 
 
 a few cubic centimeters of a saturated solution 
 of sodium chlorid, and boil. A flocculent 
 precipitate is produced by the presence of 
 albumin. 
 
 Hiant (hi f -ant) [hiare, to gape]. Yawning; 
 gaping; opening by a fissure. 
 
 Hiatus (hi-a'-tus) [L., "a gap"]. 1. A space or 
 opening. 2. The vulva. H. of Fallopius, 
 a shallow groove on the petrous portion of 
 the temporal bone for the passage of the 
 petrosal branch of the vidian nerve. H. 
 maxillaris, one on the inner aspect of the 
 nasal part of the superior maxilla, establish- 
 ing communication between the nose and 
 the antrum of Highmore. Syn., Hiatus 
 supramaxillaris . H. cesophageus, the open- 
 ing for the esophagus in the diaphragm. H., 
 Scarpa's. Sec Scarpa's Hiatus. H. subar- 
 cuatus, a depression in the petrosa lodging 
 the flocculus. 
 
 Hiccup, Hiccough (hik'-up) [Dan., hikke, to 
 hiccup]. A spasmodic contraction of the dia- 
 phragm causing inspiration, followed by a sud- 
 den closure of the glottis. Syn., Singultus. 
 
 Hicks' (Braxton) Sign. Intermittent uterine 
 contractions beginning at the end of the third 
 month of pregnancy; they may also be pro- 
 duced by tumors distending the uterus. 
 
 Hidebound Disease. See Scleroderma. 
 
 Hidradenitis, Hidroadenitis {hi-drad-en-i'-tis, 
 hi-dro-ad-en-i'-tis). See Hidrosadenitis. H. 
 suppurativa, a condition marked by the for- 
 mation of tumors the size of a pea which tend 
 to develop into abscesses. 
 
 Hidradenoma (hi - drad - en - o' - mah) [lopojc, 
 sweat; adenoma}. Hyperplasia of an existing 
 inflammatory tumor of a sweat-gland. 
 
 Hidropoiesis (hid-ro-poi-e'-sis) [lopcog, sweat; 
 7toi7)oc£, formation]. The formation of sweat. 
 
 Hidropoietic (hid-ro-poi-et' -ik) [see Hidro- 
 poiesis']. Relating to hidropoiesis. 
 
 Hidrosadenitis (hid-ros-ad-en-i' -tis) [lopojc, 
 sweat ;ddr]v, gland; eric, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the sweat-glands. H., Phlegmon- 
 ous, a furunculus beginning in the coil of a 
 sweat-gland. H., Ulcerative, a variety occur- 
 ring as superficial ulceration in circular or 
 horse-shoe-shaped areas attacking the palmar 
 or plantar surfaces; it is prone to relapse. 
 
 Hidrose (hi'-dros) [Idpoog, sweat]. Relating to 
 sweat. 
 
 Hidrosis (hid-ro' -sis) [see Hidrose] 1. The 
 formation and excretion of sweat. 2. Ab- 
 normally profuse sweating. 3. Any skin dis- 
 ease marked by disorder of the sweat-glands. 
 
 Hiera-picra (hi-er-ah-pi'-krah) [L., "sacred 
 bitters"]. Powder of aloes and canella. 
 
 Hieromania (hi-er-o-ma' -ne-ah) [hpdf, sacred; 
 [tavca, madness]. Religious frenzy. 
 
 Highmore, Antrum of {hi'-mor) [N. High- 
 more, an English physician]. A cavity in 
 the superior maxillary bone communicating 
 with the middle meatus of the nose. H., 
 Body of, H.'s Corpus, a thickening of the 
 tunica albuginea at the posterior part of the 
 testis, from which connective-tissue septums 
 diverge. 
 
HIGHMORITIS 
 
 485 
 
 HISTOGENETIC 
 
 Highmoritis (hi-mor-i'-tis). Inflammation of 
 the antrum of Highmore. 
 
 Hildenbrand's Typhus. Typhus fever. 
 
 Hilton's Law. The nerve-trunk supplying a 
 joint supplies also the muscles moving the 
 joint, and the skin over the insertion of these 
 muscles. H.'s Line, a white line marking 
 the junction of the skin of the perineum with 
 the mucosa of the anus. H.'s Muscle, the 
 arytenoepiglottideus muscle. H.'s Sac. See 
 Morgagni's Ventricle. 
 
 Hilum, Hilus (hi'-lum, hi'-lus) [L., "a little 
 thing"]. A pit, recess, or opening in an 
 organ, usually for the entrance and exit of 
 vessels or ducts. 
 
 Hind {hind) [AS., hindan, after; back]. 
 Pertaining to the rear or posterior extremity. 
 H. -brain, a division of the brain in the em- 
 bryo that becomes the cerebellum and the 
 medulla oblongata. H.-gut, that part of 
 the embryonic intestine from which the cecum, 
 vermiform appendix, colon, and rectum are 
 developed. 
 
 Hindenlang's Test for Albumin. On the 
 addition of solid metaphosphoric acid to the 
 liquid to be tested a precipitate is formed in 
 the presence of albumin. 
 
 Hinge-joint (hinj' -joint). See Diarthrosis. 
 
 Hip [AS., hype]. i. The upper part of 
 the thigh at its junction with the buttocks. 
 2 The hip-joint. H.-bath. See Bath, Hip-. 
 H.-bone, the ischium. H. -girdle, the 
 pelvic arch. H. -joint, the articulation of the 
 femur with the haunch-bone or innominate 
 bone. H. -joint Disease, an inflammation 
 of the hip-joint, usually tuberculous, and 
 occurring most commonly in the young, and, 
 according as it begins in the head of the 
 femur, the acetabulum, or in the synovial 
 membrane and proper structures of the joint, 
 divided into femoral, acetabular, and arthritic. 
 The symptoms are shuffling gait, pain often 
 referred to the inner side of the knee, pain 
 in the hip elicited by jarring the heel, de- 
 formity, abduction and eversion of the- thigh, 
 slight flexion of the knee, and arching of the 
 lumbar spine; later, adduction and inversion 
 of the thigh, with flexion of the knee and 
 shortening of the limb. Suppuration with 
 formation of fistulas occurs in the advanced 
 stages. Syn., Coxitis. 
 
 Hippocampal {hip-o-kam f -paT) [see Hippo- 
 campus]. Relating to the hippocampus. 
 
 Hippocampus (hip-o-kam'-pus) [jtztzoc, horse; 
 kclhtzoc, a sea-monster]. A name applied to 
 two elevations, hippocampus major and 
 hippocampus minor, the former situated in 
 the middle, and the latter in the posterior, 
 horn of the ventricles of the brain. 
 
 Hippocratic (hip-o-krat'-ik) [Hippocrates, a 
 Greek physician of the fifth century B. C.]. 
 Described by Hippocrates. H. Expression, 
 H. Facies, an anxious, pinched expression 
 of the countenance, described as characteristic 
 of peritonitis. H. Finger, hypertrophy of 
 the ungual phalanx and nail in phthisis and 
 other wasting diseases. H. Sound, the suc- 
 
 cussion sound. See Hippocratis succus- 
 sio. 
 
 Hippocratis chorda, H. funis. The achilles 
 tendon. H. morbus sacer, epilepsy. H. 
 succussio, succussion employed to obtain 
 a splashing sound in seropneumothorax and 
 pyopneumothorax . 
 
 Hippuric Acid (hip-u' -rik) . See Acid, Hip- 
 puric. H. Acid, Reaction for. See Luecke's 
 Reaction for Hippuric Acid. 
 
 Hippus (hip'-us) [ctlTlOc, horse, from analogy 
 to the movements of this animal]. Spasmodic 
 pupillary movement, independent of the ac- 
 tion of light. 
 
 Hirschberg's Test. A rough estimate of the 
 amount of strabismus is made by observing 
 the position of the corneal reflection of a can- 
 dle-flame held one foot in front of the eye to 
 be tested, the examiner placing his own eye 
 near the candle and looking just over it. 
 
 Hirschf eld's Disease. A form of diabetes 
 of rapid march, which usually ends in death 
 in three months, by progressive cachexia or by 
 complication. H.'s Ganglion, the gyrus 
 hippocampi. 
 
 Hirschsprung's Disease. Congenital hyper- 
 trophic dilation of the colon. 
 
 Hirsute (her-suf) [hirsutus, shaggy]. Shaggy; 
 hairy. 
 
 Hirsuties (her-su'-te-ez) [see Hirsute]. Exces- 
 sive growth of hair. 
 
 Hirtz's Rale. A moist, subcrepitant rale, of 
 a somewhat metallic character, pathognomonic 
 of tuberculous softening. 
 
 His' Canal. See Canal, His\ H.'s Perivas- 
 cular Spaces, lymph-spaces surrounding the 
 blood-vessels of the brain and spinal cord. 
 H.'s Stroma, the trabecular framework of 
 the mammary gland. 
 
 Histidin (his'-tid-in), C 6 H 9 N 3 2 . A base 
 present among the hydrolytic products of 
 casein, albumin, blood-serum, and horn, 
 and a constant cleavage-product of the more 
 complex plant and animal proteids. 
 
 Histin (his'-tin) [loz'cov, a web]. Fibrin. 
 
 Histioid {his' -te-oid) . See Histoid. 
 
 Histioma (his-ti-o'-mah) [lax'cov, a web; b/j.a, 
 a tumor]. A tissue tumor in which distinct 
 tissues may be recognized, but which do 
 not arrange themselves to form organs. 
 
 Histo- (his-to-) [co~6c, tissue]. A prefix denot- 
 ing relation to tissue. 
 
 Histoblast (his'-to-bJast) [histo-; filaoxoc, a 
 germ]. A cell engaged in the formation of tissue. 
 
 Histochemistry (his - to - kern' - is - ire) [histo- 
 chemistry]. The chemistry of the histo- 
 logic elements of the body. 
 
 Histodialysis (his - to - di - al' - is-is) [histo,- 
 dcaXuocc, dissolution]. The dissolution of or- 
 ganic tissue. 
 
 Histofluorescence (his-to-flu-or-es f -enz) . The 
 administration of fluorescing drugs during 
 roentgen-ray treatment. 
 
 Histogenesis (his-to-jen'-es-is) [histo-; yheacg, 
 generation]. The formation of tissues. 
 
 Histogenetic (his-to-jen-ef '-ik) [see Histo- 
 genesis]. Relating to histogenesis. 
 
HISTOGENOL 
 
 486 
 
 HISTRIONIC 
 
 Histogenol (his-toj'-en-ol). A compound of 
 phosphorus and arsenic, each dessertspoonful 
 containing J gr. (0.032 Gm.) of disodic 
 
 Vertical Section through the Hip-joint, Showing the 
 Head of the Femur, the Capsule, and the Muscles 
 Surrounding the Articulation. — {Modified from 
 Henle.) 
 
 1, 2. Gluteus medius. 3. Obturator internus and gemelli. 4. 
 Iliofemoral band. 5. Ischiofemoral band. 6. Rectus 
 femoris. 7. Quadratus femoris. 8. Iliacus. 9. Semi- 
 tendinosus and biceps. 10. Psoas. 11. Semimembran- 
 osus. 12. Pubofemoral band._ 14. Obturator externus. 
 16. Symphysis pubis. F. Section of head of femur. 
 
 methyl arsenate and 
 ij gr. (0.1 Gm.) of 
 nucleic acid. 
 
 Histohematin (his-to- 
 hem' - at-in) [histo-; 
 alp.a, blood]. A pig- 
 ment found in mus- 
 cles, suprarenal cap- 
 sules, and other 
 organs, and believed 
 to have a respiratory 
 function. 
 
 Histoid (his'-toid) [his- 
 to-; eldoc, likeness]. 
 Composed of only one 
 kind of tissue. 
 
 Histologic (his-to-lof- 
 ik) [see Histology]. 
 Relating to histology. 
 
 Histology (his-toV -o-je) 
 \Jiisto-; Xoyoc;, science]. 
 The minute anatomy 
 of tissues. H., Nor- 
 mal, the study of 
 sound tissues. H., 
 Pathologic, the study 
 of diseased tissues. 
 
 H., Topographic, the study of the 
 minute structure of the organs and es- 
 pecially of their formation from the tissues. 
 
 Histolysis (his-toV -is-is) [histo-; Xuacc, dis- 
 solution]. Disintegration and dissolution 
 of organic tissue. 
 
 Histon (his'-ton) [coxoc, tissue]. A proteid 
 prepared from the nuclei of cells. It be- 
 longs to the group of proteids known as 
 albumoses or propeptones. 
 
 Histonomy (his - ton' - o - me) {histo- ; vdfioc, 
 a law]. The laws of the development 
 and arrangement of organic tissue. 
 
 Histopathology (his-to-path-ol' -o-je) [histo-; 
 pathology]. The study of minute patho- 
 logic changes in tissues. 
 
 Histophysiology (his-to-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [histo-; 
 physiology]. The science of the functions 
 of the various tissues. 
 
 Histopsyche (his-to-si'-ke) [histo-; (po^rj, 
 soul]. The tissue soul; according to 
 Haeckel, the higher psychologic function 
 which gives psychologic individuality to 
 the compound multicellular organism as 
 a true cell commonwealth. 
 
 Histotherapeutics, Histotherapy (his-to- 
 ther-ap-u'-tiks, his-to-ther' -ap-e) [histo-; 
 d spans ca, therapy]. The remedial use of 
 animal tissues. 
 
 Histotome (his' -to-tdm) [histo-; xsjivscv, to 
 cut]. An apparatus for cutting tissue 
 for the study of its minute structure; a 
 microtome. 
 
 Histotomy (his-tot'-o-me) [see Histotome]. 
 The dissection of tissues. 
 
 Histrionic (his-tre-on' -ik) [histrio, an actor]. 
 Dramatic. H. Mania, insanity with 
 affectation and lofty manner. H. 
 Muscles, the muscles of expression of 
 
 Ligaments of the Hip- Joint. — (Sappey.) 
 Iliofemoral band of capsular ligament, cut across. 2. Cotyloid ligament. 3. Liga- 
 mentum teres. 4. Insertion of ligamentum teres into the head of the femur. 5. 
 Head of the femur. 6. Neck of the femur. 7. Attachment of capsular ligament 
 to the back of the neck of the femur. 8. Neck of the femur external to attachment 
 of capsular ligament. 9. Great trochanter. 10. Pit on the great trochanter. 
 11. Small trochanter. 12. Posterior intertrochanteric line. 
 
HITZIG'S CENTER 
 
 487 
 
 HOMEOOSTEOPLASTY 
 
 the face. H. Spasm, spasm of the muscles 
 of expresion. 
 
 Hitzig's Center. See Center, Hitzig's. H.'s 
 Zone, a hypesthetic zone extending around 
 the trunk in tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Hives (hlvz) [origin uncertain], i. Urticaria. 
 2. In Great Britain the term is also applied 
 to croup, laryngitis, and chicken-pox. 
 
 Hoarhound, Horehound (hor'-hownd). See 
 Marrubium. 
 
 Hobnail Liver. The liver of advanced atrophic 
 cirrhosis, so called on account of the small 
 projections on the surface. Syn., Gin- 
 drinker's liver. 
 
 Hoboken's Valves. The secondary windings 
 of the vessels of the umbilical cord that form 
 grooves externally and valve-like projections 
 internally. 
 
 Hochsinger's Sign. The existence of indi- 
 canuria in tuberculosis of childhood. 
 
 Hodara's Disease. A form of trichorrhexis 
 nodosa that has been observed by Hodara in 
 women in Constantinople. 
 
 Hodge's Plane. A plane parallel to that of 
 the pelvic inlet, passing through the upper 
 border of the os pubis and the middle of the 
 second sacral vertebra. 
 
 Hodgkin's Disease. Pseudoleukemia; pro- 
 gressive hyperplasia of the lymphatic glands 
 associated with anemia. 
 
 Hodgson's Disease. Senile atheroma of the 
 aorta with consequent lesion of the aortic 
 valves. 
 
 Hoffmann's Anodyne. A compound of ether, 
 30; alcohol, 67; ethereal oil, 3. It is 
 anodyne, stimulant, and antispasmodic, and 
 is used in nervous irritation, angina pectoris, 
 and asthma. Dose 30 min.-2 dr. (2—8 Cc). 
 H.'s Symptom, increase of the mechanic 
 irritability of the sensory nerves in tetany. 
 H.'s Test for Tyrosin, add to the solution to 
 be tested mercuric nitrate and boil; then add 
 nitric acid containing some nitrous acid. If 
 tyrosin is present, a beautiful red coloration 
 is produced and a red precipitate is formed. 
 H.'s Type of Progressive Muscular 
 Atrophy. See Charcot-Marie's Type of Pro- 
 gressive Muscular Atrophy. 
 
 Hofmeister's Test for Leucin. A deposit 
 of metallic mercury is formed on warming a 
 solution of leucin with mercurous nitrate. 
 H.'s Test for Peptones, prepare phospho- 
 tungstic acid by dissolving commercial sodium 
 tungstate in boiling water and adding phos- 
 phoric acid until acid in reaction; acidify 
 strongly with hydrochloric acid after cooling, 
 and filter when it has stood 24 hours. On 
 the addition of this to a peptone solution 
 entirely free from albumin it yields a precipi- 
 tate. 
 
 Hog Cholera. See Cholera, Hog. 
 
 Holden's Line. See Line, Holders. 
 
 Hollyhock (hoi' -e-hok) . See Althea. 
 
 Holmgren's Test. A test for color-blindness. 
 The patient is requested to match skeins of 
 different colored worsted, and if color-blind, 
 he always selects characteristic shades. 
 
 Holoblastic (hoi - o - bias' - tik) [bXoc, whole; 
 ^Xaoxoc, germ]. Applied to ova in which the 
 entire yolk is included in the process of seg- 
 mentation; one in which there is no separate 
 food-yolk. 
 
 Holocain (hol-o-ka'-in). A crystalline com- 
 bination of paraphenetidin and acetphenetidin. 
 The hydrochlorate is employed as an anes- 
 thetic in ophthalmic practice in 1 % solution. 
 
 Holocrine (hol'-o-kren) [bXoc, whole; npivtiv, 
 to separate]. Applied to a gland the cell of 
 which, after having elaborated the material 
 of secretion, falls into disuse and disappears. 
 Cf. Merocrine. 
 
 Holorachischisis (hoi - - rak - is' - kis - is) 
 [bXoc, whole; fal^-) spinal column; okc%£~cv, 
 to cleave]. A congenital absence of the ver- 
 tebral canal. 
 
 Holotopic (hol-ot'-op-ik) [bXoc, whole; totzoc; 
 place]. Pertaining to the relation of a part 
 to the entire organism. 
 
 Holotopy (hol-ot'-o-pe). Waldeyer's term for 
 the relation of a part or organ to the whole 
 organism. Cf. Idiotopy; Skeletotopy; Syn- 
 topy. 
 
 Holthouse's Hernia. An oblique inguinal 
 hernia in which, owing to the nondescent of 
 the testis or from other causes, the hernia 
 protrudes outward along the fold of the groin. 
 
 Holzin (holt'-zin). Formaldehyd in a' 60% 
 solution in methyl-alcohol. An antiseptic 
 and disinfectant. 
 
 Holzinol (holt' -zin-ol) . A solution of form- 
 aldehyd in methyl-alcohol containing a small 
 proportion of menthol. Antiseptic and dis- 
 infectant. 
 
 Horn-. A prefix in chemistry signifying 
 homologous; i. e., the compound is a 
 derivative differing by CH 2 from the mother- 
 substance. 
 
 Homatropin (ho -mat' -ro -pin), C 18 H 21 N0 3 . An 
 alkaloid derived from atropin. It causes 
 dilation of the pupil and paralysis of accom- 
 modation as does atropin, but its effects pass 
 off more quickly — usually in two or three days. 
 The hydrobromid is the salt generally em- 
 ployed. H. Hydrobromid (homatropince 
 hydrobromidum, U. S. P.), C 16 H 21 N0 3 .HBr, 
 white crystals used as a mydriatic and in 
 the night-sweats of tuberculosis. Dose 
 TTo - eV S 1 "- (0.0005-0.001 1 Gm.); maximum 
 dose, single, ■£$ gr. (0.001 Gm.). Appli- 
 cation, 1 % solution. 
 
 Home's Lobe. A small, glandular structure 
 sometimes seen between the caput gallinaginis 
 and the sphincter vesica? It represents the 
 third lobe of the prostate and may become 
 considerably enlarged in old people. 
 
 Homeo- (ho-me-o) [buococ, like]. A prefix sig- 
 nifying likeness. 
 
 Homeochronous (ho-me-o-kro'-nus) [homeo-; 
 Xpovoc, time]. Similar in time or peri- 
 odicity. 
 
 Homeoosteoplasty (ho -me -o - os'-te-o-plas-te) 
 [homeo-; boxkov, bone; TtXaooecv, to mold]. 
 The grafting of a piece of bone similar to 
 that upon which it is grafted. 
 
HOMEOPATHY 
 
 488 
 
 HORNER'S DISEASE 
 
 Homeopathy (ho - me - op' - ath - e) [homeo-; 
 TiaBog, ailment or disease]. A system of 
 treatment of disease by the use of agents 
 that, administered in health, would produce 
 symptoms similar to those for the relief of 
 which they are given. 
 
 Homeosemous (Jiom -e - o - se' - mus) [homeo-; 
 orjfislov, a sign]. Similar in import: applied 
 to symptoms. 
 
 Homo- (ho-mo-). See Homeo-. 
 
 Homocentric (ho - mo - sen' - trik) [homo-; 
 Kkvxpov, center]. Concentric; having the 
 same center. H. Rays, light rays that have 
 a common focus or are parallel. 
 
 Homocerebrin (ho - mo - ser' -e- brin) [homo-; 
 cerebrum]. A substance derived from brain 
 tissue, closely resembling cerebrin, but more 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Homoeo- (ho-me-o-) . For words thus beginning 
 see Homeo-. 
 
 Homogeneous (ho - mo - je' -ne- us) [homo-; 
 ykvog, kind]. Having the same nature or 
 qualities; having a uniform character in all 
 parts. 
 
 Homogenesis (ho - mo - jen' - es - is) [homo-; 
 fkveocc, birth]. Reproduction in which a 
 parent gives rise to offspring that pass through 
 the same cycle of changes as itself. 
 
 Homolog, Homologue (ho'-mo-log) [homo-; 
 Xoyoc, proportion]. An organ which has the 
 same relative structure, position, or develop- 
 ment as another. The same organ in differ- 
 ent organisms under every variety of form and 
 function. 
 
 Homologous (ho-mol'-o-gus) [see Homolog]. 
 Corresponding in structure, either directly 
 or as referred to a fundamental type. In 
 chemistry, being of the same type or series; 
 differing by a multiple or an arithmetic ratio 
 in certain constituents. H. Tissues, those 
 identical in type of structure. H. Tumor, 
 a tumor consisting of tissue identical with 
 that of the organ whence it springs. 
 
 Homology (ho-moV -o-je) [see Homolog]. The 
 quality of being homologous; also, the mor- 
 phologic identity of parts or organs in dif- 
 ferent animals. 
 
 Homomerous (ho-mom'-er-us) [homo-; p.kpoc, 
 a part]. Having the parts alike. 
 
 Homonymous (ho - mon' - im - us) [homo-; 
 bvufia, a name], i. Having the same sound 
 or name; having the same relative position. 
 H. Diplopia, a form of diplopia in which the 
 image seen by the right eye is on the right 
 side and that seen by the left eye is on the left 
 side. H. Hemianopia. See Hemianopia, 
 Homonymous. 
 
 Homoplastic (ho - mo - plas' - tik) [homo-; 
 izlaoxbc, formed]. Applied to newgrowths 
 in which there has been no cytomorphosis, 
 the cells resembling those of the parent tissue, 
 as in angioma and glioma. 
 
 Homothermic (ho - mo - ther' - mik) [homo-; 
 dkpiirj, heat]. Having a uniform temperature. 
 
 Homotonic (ho-mo-ton'-ik) [homo-; xbvoc, 
 tone; tension]. Having a uniform or even 
 course. 
 
 Homotype (ho' -mo-tip) [homo-; runoc, a pat- 
 tern]. A part corresponding and similar to 
 another part, as the humerus to the femur. 
 
 Honduras Bark (hon - du' - ras) . Cascara 
 amarga. 
 
 Honey (hun'-e). See Mel. 
 
 Honthin, Hontin (hon' -thin, -tin) [named from 
 the town of the discoverer]. A proprietary, 
 odorless, tasteless preparation, said to consist 
 of tannin, albumin, and keratin; an intestinal 
 astringent. Dose 8-20 gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.) 2 
 or 3 times daily; infants, 4-5 gr. (0.25-0.32 
 Gm.) 4 times daily. 
 
 Hook [AS., hoc]. A curved instrument. H., 
 Blunt, an instrument for exercising trac- 
 tion upon the fetus in an arrested breech pres- 
 entation. H.s, Malgaigne's, two pairs of 
 hooks connected by a screw for approximating 
 the fragments of a fractured patella. H., 
 Tyrrel's, a blunt, slender hook for operations 
 upon the eye. 
 
 Hookworm Disease. Uncinariasis. 
 
 Hop. See Humulus. 
 
 Hope's Camphor Mixture. A mixture con- 
 taining nitric acid, camphor-water, and tinc- 
 ture of opium. It is used in the treatment 
 of serous or choleraic diarrheas. H.'s Sign, 
 double cardiac beat noted in aneurysm of 
 the aorta. 
 
 Hopmann's Polyp. Papillary hypertrophy of 
 the nasal mucous membrane, presenting the 
 appearance of a papilloma. 
 
 Hoppe-Goldflam's Symptom-complex. See 
 ErVs Disease. 
 
 Hoppe-Seyler's Test for Carbon Monoxid 
 in Blood. Add to the blood twice its volume 
 of caustic soda solution of 1.3 specific gravity. 
 Ordinary blood thus treated is a dingy brown 
 mass which, when spread out on porcelain, 
 has a shade of green. Blood containing car- 
 bon monoxid, under the same conditions, 
 appears as a red mass which, if spread on 
 porcelain, shows a beautiful red color. H.-S. 's 
 Test for Xanthin, add the xanthin to a mix- 
 ture of a solution of sodium hydroxid and 
 chlorid of lime in a porcelain dish; at first a 
 dark-green ring, which quickly turns brown 
 and disappears, forms about each xanthin 
 grain. 
 
 Hordeolum (hor-de'-o-lum) [hordeum]. A sty; 
 a furuncular inflammation of the connective 
 tissue of the lids, near a hair-follicle. H. 
 externum. SeeZeissianSty. H. internum. 
 See Meibomian Sty. 
 
 Hordeum (hor'-de-um) [L.]. Barley. 
 
 Horismascope (hor-iz' -mah-skop) [opcap.a, a 
 determination; okotzsIv, to examine]. An 
 instrument designed for the detection of 
 albumin, peptones, biliary constituents, etc., 
 in urine. 
 
 Horizontal (hor-iz-on'-tal) [bpc^oov, the horizon]. 
 Parallel to the horizon. 
 
 Horn. See Cornu. 
 
 Horner's Disease. A slight ptosis accompanied 
 by miosis, retraction of the eyeball, and 
 flushing of the face of the same side, in de- 
 structive lesions of the cervical sympathetic. 
 
HORNY 
 
 489 
 
 HUMOR 
 
 H.'s Muscle, the tensor tarsi. H.'s Ptosis. 
 See H.'s Disease. H.'s Teeth, incisor teeth 
 presenting horizontal grooves that are due to 
 a deficiency of enamel. 
 
 Horny {hor'-ne) [horn]. Composed of or re- 
 sembling horn. 
 
 Horopter (hor-op'-ter) [opoc, boundary; onriip, 
 an observer]. The sum of all the points seen 
 singly by the two retinas while the fixation- 
 point remains stationary. 
 
 Horripilation (hor-ip-il-a' '-shun) [horrere, to 
 stand on end; pilus, the hair]. Erection of 
 the hairs of the skin produced by the con- 
 traction of the arrectores pili muscles. 
 
 Horse-radish (hors'-rad-ish). The plant, 
 Cochlearia armoracia, of the order Crucijerce. 
 The root {armoracia radix, B. P.) contains a 
 volatile oil, and is a gastric stimulant and 
 diuretic. It is chiefly used as a condiment, 
 but has been employed in medicine in dropsy, 
 chronic rheumatism, and scurvy. Dose of 
 the root \ dr. (2 Gm.) or more. 
 
 Horseshoe-kidney. A kidney having some- 
 what the shape of a horseshoe, due to a fusion 
 of the two kidneys at one of their ends, usually 
 the lower. 
 
 Horseshoe-magnet. A magnet bent in the 
 shape of a horseshoe. 
 
 Horseweed. 1. Collinsonia canadensis, an 
 indigenous plant, the root of which (in de- 
 coction) is used in cystitis, leukorrhea, dropsy, 
 gravel, etc. 2. Erigeron canadense. 
 
 Horsley's Method. A method of determining 
 the position of the fissure of Rolando by 
 means of an instrument called a cyrtometer, 
 encircling the head, and having an arm fixed 
 at an angle of 67 , which indicates the position 
 of the fissure. H.'s Test, a test for glucose. 
 The urine rendered alkaline is boiled with 
 potassium dichromate; if sugar is present, a 
 green color is developed. 
 
 Hospital (hos'-pit-al) [hospes, a guest]. A 
 building for the care and treatment of sick 
 or infirm persons. H. Gangrene, a conta- 
 gious, phagedenic gangrene occasionally at- 
 tacking wounds or open sores. It is confined 
 mainly to military hospitals, and is of mi- 
 crobic origin. 
 
 Hospitalism (hos'-pit-al-izm) [hospital]. The 
 morbid conditions arising from the gathering 
 of diseased persons in a hospital. 
 
 Host (host) [hostis, a stranger; a landlord]. 
 The organic body upon which parasites live. 
 
 Hot [ME.]. Having or yielding the sensation 
 of heat; stimulating; biting. H.-air Bath. 
 See Bath, Hot-air. H.-air Treatment, the 
 local application of superheated dry air, the 
 affected part being introduced into a cylinder 
 or chamber. H. Bath. See Bath, Hot. 
 
 Hottentot Apron. See Apron, Hottentot. 
 
 Hottentotism {hot'-en-tot-izm). An extreme 
 form of congenital stammering. 
 
 Hour-glass Contraction. A contraction of 
 a hollow organ, as the uterus or stomach, 
 near the middle, producing a condition re- 
 sembling an hour-glass. 
 
 Housemaid's Knee. A chronic inflammation 
 
 of the bursa in front of the patella with an 
 accumulation of serous fluid. 
 
 Houston's Folds. Oblique folds, three in num- 
 ber, of the mucous membrane of the rectum. 
 H.'s Muscle, the compressor venae dorsalis 
 penis, a fasciculus of the ischiocavernosus, 
 which passes over the dorsum of the penis to 
 join its fellow of the opposite side. 
 
 Hovius' Canal. See Canal 0} Schlemm. H.'s 
 Membrane. See Membrana ruyschiana. 
 H.'s Plexus, H.'s Vascular Circle. See 
 Leber's Plexus. 
 
 Howship's Lacunas, H.'s Pits. Minute de- 
 pressions or pits in bone undergoing absorp- 
 tion, produced by the action of osteoclasts. 
 
 Howship-Romberg's Sign. See Romberg's 
 Sign. 
 
 Huchard's Disease. Excessive arterial ten- 
 sion due to a spasm of the vasoconstrictors, 
 and which, according to Huchard, causes 
 general arteriosclerosis. H.'s Sign, the dif- 
 ference in the pulse between the standing and 
 recumbent posture is less in persons with 
 arterial hypertension, and may even be the 
 reverse of that of the normal condition. . 
 
 Huebl's Sign. An early sign of pregnane)'', 
 consisting in an abnormal thinness and com- 
 pressibility of the lower segment of the uterus 
 as compared with that part above the insertion 
 of the sacrouterine ligaments, the bimanual 
 examination being carried out with one finger 
 in the rectum. 
 
 Hueck's Ligament. The pectinate ligament. 
 
 Hueter's Sign. Absence of transmission of 
 osseous vibration in cases of fracture with 
 fibrous interposition between the fragments. 
 
 Huguier's Canal. See Canal 0} the Chorda 
 tympani. H.'s Circle, the anastomosis 
 formed by the branches of the uterine ar- 
 teries around the uterus, at the junction of 
 the body with the cervix. It is not constant. 
 H.'s Disease. 1. Hypertrophic elongation 
 of the supravaginal portion of the cervix uteri. 
 2. Lupus of the vulva. Syn., Esthiojnene 
 de la vulve. H.'s Glands. See Bartholin, 
 Glands of. 
 
 Humanized (hu'-man-izd). Applied to viruses 
 which have passed through a human being. 
 
 Humeral (hu'-mer-al) [humerus]. Pertaining 
 to the humerus. 
 
 Humerus (hu'-mer-us) [L.]. The bone of the 
 upper arm. 
 
 Humidity (hu - mid' - it - e) [humor]. The 
 state or quality of being moist; moisture; 
 dampness. H., Absolute, the actual amount 
 of water present in the air at any moment. 
 H., Relative, the relative amount of water 
 present in air as compared to what the air 
 would contain at the existing temperature 
 were its condition that of saturation. 
 
 Humor ihu'-mor) [L., "moisture"]. 1. Any 
 fluid or semifluid part of the body. 2. 
 Disposition; temperament, as the four humors 
 of Galen — the choleric, melancholic, phleg- 
 matic, and sanguine. H., Aqueous, the 
 transparent fluid of the anterior chamber of 
 the eye. H., Crystalline. See Lens, Crys- 
 
HUMORAL 
 
 490 
 
 HYDATID 
 
 talline. H., Vitreous, the transparent, 
 gelatin-like substance rilling the greater part 
 of the globe of the eye. 
 
 Humoral {hu'-mor-al) [humor]. Pertaining to 
 the natural fluids of the body. H. Pathol- 
 ogy, that system of pathology according to 
 which all diseases result from a disordered or 
 abnormal condition of the fluids or humors of 
 the body. H. Theory, that theory which 
 ascribes the production of immunity to the 
 antitoxic or bactericidal action of the fluids of 
 the body. 
 
 Humpback, Hunchback (hump'-bak, hunch'- 
 bak). See Kyphosis. 
 
 Humulus {hu'-mu-lus) [L.]. Hops. The hu- 
 mulus of the U. S. P. is the fruit-cones or 
 strobiles of H. lupulus, which yield a powder, 
 lupulin, a volatile oil, and tannin. Hops are 
 tonic and slightly narcotic, and are used in- 
 ternally in dyspepsia, delirium tremens, and 
 insomnia; locally, as emollient poultices. 
 Dose of the tincture 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Hunger {hung'-ger) [AS., hungor]. A condition 
 marked by a sensation of emptiness of the 
 stomach, with a longing for food. H.-cure, 
 treatment by fasting. 
 
 Hunter's Canal. See Canal, Hunter's. H.'s 
 Gubernaculum. See Gubernaculum testis. 
 H.'s Ligament, the round ligament of the 
 uterus. H.'s "Line, the linea alba. H.'s 
 Method, a method of treating aneurysm by 
 ligating the artery on the proximal side of 
 the sac. 
 
 Hunteri membrana' caduca. The decidua. 
 
 Hunterian Chancre. See Chancre, Hunterian. 
 
 Huntington's Chorea. See Chorea, Hunting- 
 ton's. 
 
 Hunyadi Janos Water {hun-yah'-de yah'-nos). 
 An aperient mineral ^ water from Hungary, 
 containing potassium, sodium, and magnesium 
 sulfates, sodium chlorid and carbonate, iron 
 oxid, and alumina. 
 
 Huppert's Reaction for Bile -pigments. 
 After the solution has been treated with milk 
 of lime or with a solution of calcium chlorid, 
 precipitate with ammonia; filter and wash 
 the precipitate, treat with alcohol acidified 
 with sulfuric acid, and boil; the liquid will 
 assume a green color. 
 
 Huschke's Canal. See Canal, Huschke's. H.'s 
 Cartilage. See Jacobson's Cartilage. H.'s 
 Foramen, a perforation often found near the 
 inner extremity of the tympanic plate; it re- 
 sults from an arrest of development. H.'s 
 Teeth, the serrated projections on the inner 
 wall of the lamina spiralis of the cochlea, 
 roofing over the internal spiral sulcus. Syn., 
 Crista spiralis. H.'s Valve. See Rosenmuel- 
 ler's Valve. 
 
 Hutchinson's Disease. See Tay's Choroiditis. 
 H.'s Facies, the peculiar facial expression 
 caused by immobility of the eyeballs in oph- 
 thalmoplegia externa. H.'s Patch, a reddish 
 (salmon-colored) patch of the cornea in syphil- 
 itic keratitis. H.'s Prurigo, the prurigo 
 of dentition. H.'s Pupil, a dilated pupil 
 on the injured side in traumatic meningeal 
 
 hemorrhage. H.'s Teeth, peg-shaped in- 
 cisor teeth, notched at the cutting-edge, fre- 
 quently seen in congenital syphilis. H.'s 
 Theory, attributes the origin of leprosy to 
 the eating of fish too continuously or in too 
 great quantities. H.'s Triad, pathognomonic 
 of hereditary syphilis — (1) diffuse interstitial 
 keratitis; (2) disease of the labyrinth; (3) 
 Hutchinson's teeth. 
 
 Huxham's Tincture. See Cinchona, Tincture 
 of, Compound. 
 
 Huxley's Layer, H.'s Membrane, H.'s 
 Sheath [Thomas Huxley, an English biol- 
 ogist]. A layer of nucleated, elongated, 
 polygonal cells lying within Henle's layer of 
 the inner root-sheath of hairs. 
 
 Huygenian Ocular {hi-je' -ne-an) . See 
 
 . Ocular, Huygenian. 
 
 Hyalin {hi'-al-in) [paXoc, glass]. A translucent 
 substance forming the walls of hydatid cysts. 
 
 Hyaline {hi'-al-in) [see Hyalin]. Resembling 
 glass. H. Cartilage. See Cartilage, Hya- 
 line. H. Cast, H. Cylinder, a clear, nearly 
 transparent urinary tube-cast. H. Degenera- 
 tion. See Degeneration, Hyaline. 
 
 Hyalitis {hi-al-i' -tis) [hyaloid; crcc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the hyaloid mem- 
 brane of the vitreous humor. 
 
 Hyalo- {hi-al-o-) [ualoc, glass]. A prefix mean- 
 ing: 1. Transparent. 2. Relating to hyalin. 
 
 Hyalogen {hi-al'-o-jen) [hyalo-; ytvvav, to pro- 
 duce]. An albuminoid found in cartilage. It 
 is readily changed into hyalin. 
 
 Hyaloid {hi' - al - oid) [hyalo-; eldof, like]. 
 Transparent; glass-like. H. Artery, a branch 
 of the arteria centralis retinae in the em- 
 bryo, traversing the vitreous humor to the 
 posterior capsule of the lens. H. Mem- 
 brane, a delicate, transparent membrane 
 surrounding the vitreous humor, except in 
 front, where it becomes fibrous and strong 
 and forms a leaflet of the zonule of Zinn. 
 
 Hyaloma {hi-al-o' -mah) [hyalo-; ofia, a tumor]. 
 The conversion of the eye into a hyaline mass. 
 
 Hyaloplasm {hi'-al-o-plazm) [hyalo-; nXaofia, 
 plasm]. The fluid portion of the protoplasm 
 of a living cell. 
 
 Hyaloserositis {hi-al-o-se-ro-si' -tis) [hyalo-; 
 serosa; mq, inflammation]. Chronic inflam- 
 mation of the serous membranes with forma- 
 tion of a dense, fibrous hyaline investment in 
 certain regions. 
 
 Hyalosome {hi'-al-o- som) [hyalo-; otifxa, 
 body]. A body resembling a nucleolus, but 
 staining slightly by either nuclear or plas- 
 matic dyes. 
 
 Hybometer {hi-bom' -et-er) [ufloc, humpbacked; 
 [xkzpov, a measure]. An apparatus for measur- 
 ing pathologic gibbosities. 
 
 Hybrid {hi'-brid) [uj3ptc, insult]. The offspring 
 of two individuals of distinct but closely 
 related species. 
 
 Hydantoin {hi-dan-to'-in), C 3 H 4 N 2 2 . Gly- 
 colyl urea. A crystalline substance derived 
 from allantoin and related to urea. 
 
 Hydatid {hi-dat'-id) [udarlc, vesicle]. A cyst- 
 like body with clear contents, especially that 
 
HYDATIDIFORM 
 
 491 
 
 HYDREMIA 
 
 formed by the larva of the Tcenia echino- 
 coccus. H. Disease, a disease characterized 
 by the presence in various portions of the 
 body of cysts containing the embryo of the 
 Tcenia echinococcus . H. Fremitus, H. 
 Thrill, a fremitus occasionally obtained on pal- 
 pating a hydatid cyst. H. Mole. See Chorion, 
 Cystic Degeneration of, and Mole, Hydatid. 
 H. of Morgagni, a small cyst connected 
 with the fimbriated extremity of the fallopian 
 tube. In the testicle it is found between the 
 testicle proper and the epididymis. It rep- 
 resents the remains of the mullerian duct 
 
 Hydatidif orm (hi - dat - id' -if- orrri) [hydatid; 
 forma, form]. Having the form of a hy- 
 datid. H. Mole. See Mole, Hydatidif orm. 
 
 Hydatism (hi-dat'-izm) [udojp, water]. The 
 sound caused by the moving of pathologic 
 fluid in a body cavity. 
 
 Hydatoid (hi-dat'-oid) [hydatid; ddoc-, like- 
 ness], i. Hydatidif orm. 2. Watery. 3. 
 The aqueous humor. 
 
 Hydra-, Hydro- (hi-drah-, hi-dro-) [udojp, water]. 
 Prefixes signifying the presence of water or of 
 hydrogen. 
 
 Hydracetin (hi-dras' -et-in), C 6 H 5 N 2 H 2 (C 2 H 3 0). 
 A coal-tar derivative. It is antipyretic and anti- 
 rheumatic. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). 
 
 Hydracid (hi-dras' -id) [hydra-; acidum, acid]. 
 An acid formed by a combination of hydrogen 
 and an acid element or radicle other than 
 oxygen. 
 
 Hydradenomes (hi - drad' -en- omz) [hydra-; 
 adrjv, gland]. A skin disease marked by the 
 formation of papules, varying in size from 
 that of a pin-head to that of a pea, without 
 subjective symptoms. It is attributed to 
 adenoid epithelioma of the sweat-glands. 
 
 Hydraemia (hi-dre' -me-ah) . See Hydremia. 
 
 Hydraeroperitoneum, Hydraeroperitonia (hi- 
 drah-er-o-per-it-o-ne'-um, -o'-ne-ah) [hydra-; 
 drjp, air; peritoneum]. A collection of gas and 
 fluid in the peritoneal cavity. 
 
 Hydragog, Hydragogue (hi'-drag-og) [hydra-; 
 dycofdc-, leading]. 1 . Expelling water. 2. A pur- 
 gative that causes copious liquid discharges. 
 
 Hydragogin (hi-drag'-oj-in). A diuretic and 
 cardiac tonic containing tincture of digitalis, 
 tincture of strophanthus, scillipicrin, scilli- 
 toxin, and oxysaponin. Dose 10-15 . min. 
 (0.66-1.0 Cc). 
 
 Hydramnios, Hydramnion (hi-dram'-ne-os, 
 -on) [hydra-; apviov, fetal membrane]. An 
 abnormal amount of amniotic fluid. 
 
 Hydrangea (hi-dran'-je-ah) [hydra-; dyyslov, 
 vessel]. A genus of saxifragaceous shrubs. 
 The root of H. arborescens contains hydran- 
 gin and is employed in lithiasis. 
 
 Hydrargism, Hydrargyria, Hydrargyriasis, 
 Hydrargyrism (hi-drar'-gizm, hi-drar-ji'- 
 re-ah, hi-drar-je-ri'-as-is, hi-drar'-je-rizm). 
 Chronic mercurial poisoning. See Mercu- 
 rialism. 
 
 Hydrargyrate (hi-drar'-je-rdt). Relating to 
 mercury; containing mercury. 
 
 Hydrargyric (hi-drar'-je-rik). Relating to 
 mercury; mercuric. 
 
 Hydrargyrol (hi-drar'-je-rol). Mercury para- 
 ph enylthionate. H.-septol. See Mercury 
 Quinoseptolate. 
 
 Hydrargyrum (hi-drar'-je-rum). See Mercury. 
 
 Hydrarthrosis (hi - drar - thro' - sis) [hydra-; 
 apdpov, a joint]. An accumulation of fluid 
 in a joint: 
 
 Hydrastin (hi-dras' -tin) [hydrastis]. 1. An al- 
 kaloid (hydraslina, U. S. P.) from the root of 
 Hydrastis canadensis. 2. A resinous extract 
 from the root of H. canadensis; it is a chola- 
 gog, laxative, alterative, antiseptic, etc. H. 
 Hydrochlorate, an astringent, alterative, and 
 hemostatic. Dose ^-1 gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.) 
 every two hours if needed. Application as as- 
 tringent 0.1 to 0.5% solution; in skin dis- 
 eases 1 % ointment; in chronic bronchitis 
 10-20 drops of a solution of 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 
 in 5 dr. (18 Cc.) of water 4 times daily. 
 
 Hydrastinin (hi-dras' -tin-in) [hydrastis]. An 
 artificial alkaloid, C n H 13 N03, from hydrastin. 
 It is used as a hemostatic, vasoconstrictor, 
 cardiac stimulant, etc. H. Hydrochlorid (hy- 
 drastinince hydrochloridum , U. S. P.), C n H n - 
 N0 2 . HC1 + H 2 0, used as a uterine hemo- 
 static, emmenagog, and vasoconstrictor. 
 Dose \-% gr. (0.015-0.032 Gm.) 3 or 4 times 
 daily; maximum daily dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). 
 Injection, 8-16 min. (0.5-1.0 Cc.) of 10% 
 solution. 
 
 Hydrastis (hi-dras' -tis) . Goldenseal, a plant 
 of the order Ranunculacece. The hydrastis 
 of the U. S. P. is the rhizome and roots of H. 
 canadensis, which contain the alkaloids 
 hydrastin and berberin. It is tonic, anti- 
 periodic, cholagog, and diuretic, and has 
 been employed in leukorrhea, cystitis, con- 
 stipation, menorrhagia, gonorrhea, dyspepsia, 
 etc. Dose of the hydrastin of commerce, an 
 impure body, 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.); 
 of the alkaloid |- J gr. (0.008-0.022 Gm.). 
 H., Fluidextract of (f.uidextr actum hydrastis, 
 U. S. P.). Dose i-i dr. (2-4 Cc). H., 
 Glycerite of (glyceriium hydrastis, U. S. P.). 
 Dose £-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). H., Tincture of 
 (tinctura hydrastis, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 
 Cc). 
 
 Hydrate (hi' -drat) [udojp, water]. 1. A com- 
 pound which may be considered to be formed 
 by the replacement of half the hydrogen of 
 one or more molecules of water by an elec- 
 tropositive element or radicle. 2. A salt 
 containing water of crystallization. 
 
 Hydrated (hi'-dra-ted) [see Hydrate]. Com- 
 bined with water. 
 
 Hydration (hi-dra'-shun) [see Hydrate]. The 
 process of combining with water or of con 
 verting into a hydrate. 
 
 Hydrazin (hi' - draz - in) [hydra-; azotum, 
 nitrogen]. 1. H 4 N 2 . Diamid; a colorless, 
 stable gas, soluble in water, having a peculiar 
 odor and a strong alkaline reaction. 2. One 
 of a class of bodies derived from hydrazin 
 by replacing one or more of its hydrogen 
 atoms by a radicle. 
 
 Hydremia (hi-dre' -me-ah) [hydra-; alpta, blood]. 
 A watery condition of the blood. 
 
HYDRENCEPHALOCELE 
 
 492 
 
 HYDROCIRSOCELE 
 
 Hydrencephalocele (hi - dren - sef - al- o - sel) 
 [hydra-, kjuk^olog, brain; kt]Xt), hernia]. 
 Hernia of the brain, in which the tumor is 
 in part composed of a watery fluid. 
 
 Hydrencephalus (hi - dren - sef - al-us). See 
 Hydrocephalus. 
 
 Hydrepigastrium (hi - drep -e- gas' -tre - urn) 
 [hydra-; epigastrium]. A collection of fluid 
 between the abdominal muscles and the 
 peritoneum. 
 
 Hydriatics (hi-dre-at' -iks) . See Hydrothera- 
 peutics. 
 
 Hydric (hi'-drik). Containing water. 
 
 Hydrid (hi'-drid). A chemic compound con- 
 taining hydrogen united to an element or 
 radicle. 
 
 Hydriodic (hi - dre - od r - ik) [hydra-; iodiiz]. 
 Containing hydrogen and iodin. H. Acid, 
 HI, a heavy, colorless gas, with a suffocating 
 odor and an acid reaction. H. Acid, Syrup 
 of (syrup us acidi hydriodici, U. S. P.), con- 
 tains i% by weight of absolute HI. Dose 
 \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). It is used as an alterative 
 in scrofula, rickets, etc. 
 
 Hydroa (hi-dro'-ah) [hydro-; dov, egg]. A 
 chronic inflammatory disease of the skin 
 characterized by erythema, papules, pustules, 
 vesicles, bullas, or combinations of these, 
 and by intense itching. Syn., Dermatitis 
 herpetiformis; Pemphigus pruriginosus. 
 
 Hydroaeric (hi-dro-a-er'-ik) [hydro-; dyp, air]. 
 Applied in auscultation to the sound given by 
 cavities filled with air and water. 
 
 Hydroappendix (hi-dro-ap-en' -diks) . The dila- 
 tion of the vermiform appendix with water. 
 
 Hydroargentic (hi-dro-ar-jen' -tik) [hydro-; ar- 
 gentum]. Containing hydrogen and silver. 
 
 Hydrobilirubin (hi-dro-bil-e-ru' -bin) [hydro-; 
 bilirubin], C 32 H4 N 4 O 7 . A brown-red pigment 
 formed by treating a solution of bilirubin with 
 sodium amalgam. It is probably identical 
 with stercobilin, the coloring-matter of the 
 feces, and urobilin, the pigment of the urine. 
 
 Hydrobromate (hi-dro-bro'-mat) [hydro-; ftpoj- 
 /xoc, a stench]. A salt of hydrobromic acid. 
 
 Hydrobromic (hi-dro-bro' -mik) [see Hydro- 
 bromate]. Composed of hydrogen and bro- 
 min. H. Acid. See Acid, Hydrobromic. 
 H. Ether. See Ethyl Bromid. 
 
 Hydrobromid (hi - dro - bro' - mid). Same as 
 Hydrobromate. 
 
 Hydrocarbon (hi-dro-kar'-bon) [hydro-; carbo, 
 charcoal]. Any compound composed of 
 hydrogen and carbon. All other organic 
 compounds may be considered as derivatives 
 of the hydrocarbons. The chief derivatives 
 are — (1) those containing hydrogen; (2) 
 those containing oxygen; (3) those containing 
 sulfur; (4) those containing nitrogen. The 
 principal hydrocarbons are: (1) the saturated 
 hydrocarbons of the paraffin or marsh-gas 
 series (C n H 2n -f 2 ); (2) the unsaturated hy- 
 drocarbons of the olefin series (C n H 2n ); and 
 (3) the benzene series or aromatic hydrocar- 
 bons (C n H 2n _ 6 ). 
 
 Hydrocarbonism (hi-dro-kar'-bon-izm). Poi- 
 soning with hydrocarbons, principally ob- 
 
 served among miners and workers in petro- 
 leum refineries and in those who have used 
 petroleum internally. It is marked by dizzi- 
 ness, cyanosis, loss of consciousness, anes- 
 thesia, convulsions, loss of reflexes, weakness 
 of pulse and of breathing. 
 
 Hydrocele (hi'-dro-sel) [hydro-; KrjXr), tumor]. 
 A collection of serous fluid about the testicle 
 or spermatic cord. The term is also applied 
 to serous tumors in other locations. H. colli. 
 See Maunoir's Hydrocele. H. hernialis, a 
 collection of fluid in a hernial sac due to 
 obstruction of its neck. 
 
 Hydrocephalic (hi-dro-sef-al'-ik) [see Hydro- 
 cephalus]. Pertaining to or affected with 
 hydrocephalus. H. Cry, the loud cry of a 
 child, indicating pain in the head. 
 
 Hydrocephalocele (hi-dro-sef -al-o-sel) . See 
 Hydrencep halocele . 
 
 Hydrocephaloid (hi - dro - sef - al - oid) [hydro- 
 cephalus; eldoc, like]. 1. Pertaining to or re- 
 sembling hydrocephalus. 2. Marshall Hall's 
 disease; a disease of infants resembling hydro- 
 cephalus. It is a condition of nervous ex- 
 haustion generally consequent on prolonged 
 illness or premature weaning. It is sometimes 
 observed in poorly nourished infants just after 
 weaning. The pulse is irregular, the fontanels 
 depressed, and there is little tendency to 
 vomiting. 
 
 Hydrocephalus (hi - dro - sef -al- us) [hydro-; 
 K£<j>aXri, head]. A collection of fluid in the 
 cerebral ventricles (internal hydrocephalus) 
 or outside the brain-substance (external 
 hydrocephalus). The symptoms are progres- 
 sive enlargement of the head, bulging of the 
 fontanels, prominent forehead, thinness of 
 hair and scalp, distention of the superficial 
 veins, mental impairment, muscular weak- 
 ness, convulsions. Acute external hydro- 
 cephalus is due to inflammation of the men- 
 inges, usually tuberculous; acute internal 
 hydrocephalus is caused by ependymitis; 
 chronic hydrocephalus may be congenital 
 or acquired. 
 
 Hydrochinone (hi-dro-kin'-on). See Hydroqui- 
 none. 
 
 Hydrochlorate (hi-dro-klo'-rdt). Any salt of 
 hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid (hi - dro - klo' - rik) . See 
 Acid, Hydrochloric. H. Acid in Contents of 
 Stomach. See Boas, Ewald, Guenzburg, 
 Herzberg, v. Jaksch, Luttke, Maly, Mohr, 
 Rabuteau, Reoch, Sjoeqvist, Szabo, Uffelmann, 
 v. d. Velden, Winkler, Witz. H. Acid Test 
 for Formaldehyd in Milk, heat in a test- 
 tube 1 Cc. of milk with 4 Cc. of strong 
 hydrochloric acid containing a trace of ferric 
 chlorid. In the presence of formaldehyd a 
 purple color appears, varying from a delicate 
 tint to a deep violet. If a yellow color appears, 
 repeat the test, using milk that has been dil- 
 uted, 1 to 10, with water. 
 
 Hydrochlorid (hi-dro-klo'-rid). Same as Hy- 
 drochlorate. 
 
 Hydrocirsocele (hi - dro - sir' -so- sel) [hydro-; 
 tupabc, venous enlargement; ktjXt], tumor]. 
 
HYDROCOLLIDIN 
 
 493 
 
 HYDROPERICARDIUM 
 
 Hydrocele accompanied with varicose veins 
 of the spermatic cord. 
 
 Hydro colli din {hi - dro - kol' - id - in) [hydro-; 
 KoXXa, glue], C S H 13 N. A highly poisonous 
 ptomain obtained from putrefying mackerel, 
 horse-flesh, and ox-flesh, and said to be identi- 
 cal with one obtained from nicotin. 
 
 Hydrocyanic {hi-dro-se-an'-ik). See Cyanogen, 
 and Acid, Hydrocyanic. 
 
 Hydrodiarrhea {hi - dro -di-ar - e'- ah) [hydro-; 
 diarrhea]. Serous diarrhea. 
 
 Hydrodiascope {h i - dro - di' -as- kop) [hydro-; 
 oca, through; okozsIu, to view]. A device, 
 shaped like a pair of spectacles, consisting 
 of two chambers filled with physiologic salt 
 solution, worn to correct keratoconus and 
 astigmatism. 
 
 Hydroelectric {hi - dro - e - lek' -trik) [hydro-; 
 electric]. Pertaining to electricity developed 
 in connection with water. H. Bath, a bath 
 in which the metallic lining of the tub is 
 connected with one pole of a battery, the 
 other pole being in contact with the person 
 of the patient. 
 
 Hydrofluoric Acid {hi-dro-flu-or'-ik). See 
 Acid, Hydrofluoric, and Fluor in. 
 
 Hydrogastria {hi-dro-gas' -tre-ah). A gastric 
 disorder from fluid due to constriction of 
 the esophageal and pyloric orifices. 
 
 Hydrogen {hi' - dro - jen) [hydro-; yv^dv, 
 to produce]. Symbol H; atomic weight i; 
 quantivalence i. A combustible, gaseous 
 element, feebly basic, and occurring in nature 
 in greatest abundance combined with oxygen 
 in the form of water, H 2 0. It is present in 
 nearly all organic compounds, and is a constant 
 constituent of acids. H. Dioxid, H. Peroxid, 
 H 2 2 , an unstable liquid which readily yields 
 up an atom of oxygen, and hence is a powerful 
 oxidizer. It is strongly antiseptic. The so- 
 lution, aqua hydrogenii dioxidi (U. S. P.), con- 
 tains 3 % of pure H 2 2 . It is useful as an anti- 
 septic application to inflamed mucous mem- 
 branes in diphtheria, scarlatina, gonorrhea, 
 etc., and as a cleansing agent of suppurating 
 cavities. See also Wurster's Test for Hydro- 
 gen Dioxid. H. Monoxid, ITO, water. H. 
 Persulfid, H 2 S 2 , a heavy, yellow oil, with a 
 foul, pungent odor and acrid taste, giving 
 off irritating vapors. It bleaches organic 
 coloring-matters and is a powerful antiseptic. 
 
 Hydrolein {hi-dro'-le-in) [hydro-; oleum, oil]. 
 A proprietary emulsion of cod-liver oil with 
 pancreatin and borax. 
 
 Hydrology {hi-drol'-o-je) [hydro-; Xoyoc, science]. 
 A treatise on the nature and uses of water. 
 
 Hydrolysis {hi - drol' - is - is) [hydro-; Xuscv, to 
 loose]. The decomposition of water. 
 
 Hydrolytic {hi-dro-lif -ik) [see Hydrolysis]. 
 Pertaining to the decomposition of water 
 or the liberation of water during a chemic 
 reaction. H. Ferments, those causing a 
 combination with the elements of water in 
 the substances they decompose. 
 
 Hydromel {hi'-dro-mel) [hydro-; fxkXc, honey]. 
 A mixture of honey and water with or with- 
 out a medicinal substance, 
 
 Hydromeningitis {hi-dro-men-in-ji'-tis) [hydro-; 
 id^tj^, a membrane; cxcg, inflammation], i. 
 Inflammation of the membranes of the brain 
 or cord, accompanied by effusion of serous 
 fluid. 2. Inflammation of the membrane of 
 Descemet. 
 
 Hydromeningocele {hi - dro men - in'- go - sel) 
 [hydro-; pnp>tj£, a membrane; tcqXi), a tumor], 
 i. A cystic tumor of the meninges protrud- 
 ing through the skull. 2. A form of spina 
 bifida in which the sac contains cerebrospinal 
 fluid. 
 
 Hydromeninx {Jii-dro-men' -inks) [hydro-; 
 fxfjvcy^, a membrane]. Dropsy of the mem- 
 branes of the brain. 
 
 Hydrometer {hi-drom'-et-er) [hydro-; uhpo^, 
 a measure]. An instrument for determining 
 the specific gravity of liquids. 
 
 Hydrometra {hi-dro-me'-trah) [hydro-; p-i^pa, 
 the womb]. A collection of watery fluid in 
 the uterus. 
 
 Hydromphalus {h i - drom' - jal - us) [hydro-; 
 d;d$aA6c, navel]. A tumor at the navel, dis- 
 tended with water. 
 
 Hydromyelia, Hydromyelus {hi -dro -mi -e' - 
 le-ah, hi-dro-mi' -el-us) [Jiydro-; pueXoc, mar- 
 row]. Dilation of the central canal of the 
 spinal cord with an accumulation of fluid. 
 
 Hydromyelocele {hi-dro-mi' -cl-o-scl) [hydro-; 
 t-VjzXoc, marrow; kocX'co., cavity]. 1. Exces- 
 sive accumulation of fluid in the central 
 canal of the spinal cord. 2. A variety of 
 spina bifida in which remains of the spinal 
 cord cover the tumor. 
 
 Hydronaphthol {h i - dro - na'f - (hot) [hydro-; 
 naphthof]. A substance, probably identical 
 with betanaphthol, and, like it, used as an 
 intestinal antiseptic. Dose 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 
 Gm.). u 
 
 Hydronephrectasia {hi -dro - nef-rek-taf-ze - ah) 
 [hydro-; ve<f>poc, a kidney; Ikxoocc, distention]. 
 Dropsical enlargement of the kidney. 
 
 Hydronephros {hi-dro-nej'-ros) [hydro-; ve<f>p6c, 
 kidney]. A dropsical kidney. Syn., Hydro- 
 nephrectasia. 
 
 Hydronephrosis {hi-dro-nef-ro'-sis) [see Hy- 
 dronephros]. A collection of urine in the 
 pelvis of the kidney from obstructed outflow. 
 The pressure of the fluid causes in time 
 atrophy of the kidney-structure, and the 
 whole organ is converted into a large cyst. 
 
 Hydronephrotic {hi-dro-nej-rot'-ik) [hydroneph- 
 rosis]. Relating to, affected with, or of the 
 nature of, hydronephrosis. 
 
 Hydrooligocythemia {hi - dro - ol - ig-o-si-the'- 
 me-ah) [Jiydro-; oX'cyoc, few; k'j~oc, cell; 
 alua, blood]. A form of secondary anemia 
 in which there is an increase in the proportion 
 of the serum to the corpuscles of the blood. 
 
 Hydroparasalpinx (h i-dro-par-ah-sal' -pinks) 
 [hydro-; ~apa, beside; oaXzcy^, tube]. An 
 accumulation of water in the accessory tubes 
 of the oviduct. 
 
 Hydropathy (hi-drop'-ath-e^ [hydro-; r.adoc, 
 disease]. The treatment of diseases by the 
 use of water, externally and internally. 
 
 Hydropericardium {hi-dro- per -ik-ar' -de-um) 
 
HYDROPERIONE 
 
 494 
 
 HYDROSYRINGOMYELIA 
 
 [hydro-; pericardium]. A collection of serum 
 within the pericardial cavity. 
 
 Hydroperione (hi - dro - per' - e - on) [hydro-; 
 nep'c, around ; coov, egg]. A seroalbuminous 
 liquid existing between the decidua vera and 
 the decidua reflexa and believed to nourish 
 the embryo at an early period. 
 
 Hydroperitoneum (hi - dro - per - it-on-e'-um) 
 [hydro-; peritoneum]. Ascites. 
 
 Hydroperitonitis (hi - dro - per - it -on- i' - tis) . 
 Peritonitis attended with watery effusion. 
 
 Hydrophlogosis (hi-dro-flo-go'-sis) [hydro-; 
 (frMfojotc, a burning]. Inflammation attended 
 with serous effusion. 
 
 Hydrophobia (hi - dro - fo f - be - ah) [hydro-; 
 cfioftof, fear]. An acute infectious disease 
 communicated to man by the bites of animals 
 suffering from rabies. The period of incuba- 
 tion is variable, the average being from three 
 to six months. The disease begins with mal- 
 aise, slight spasmodic movements, and enlarge- 
 ment of the lymphatic glands in the neighbor- 
 hood of the., original wound. Soon the true 
 hydrophobic state sets in; it is characterized 
 by tonic spasm of the muscles of deglutition, 
 excited by an effort at swallowing water or 
 even at the sight of water. The pulse is 
 rapid, there is slight fever, and usually pro- 
 fuse salivation exists. Toward the end 
 paralysis may develop. The disease is nearly 
 always fatal. The Pasteur treatment consists 
 of a method of prophylaxis, consisting in the 
 injection of a serum based on the spinal cords 
 of animals dead of rabies. 
 
 Hydrophobic (hi-dro-fo'-bik). Pertaining to, 
 or of the nature of, hydrophobia. H. Teta- 
 nus. See Tetanus, Hydrophobic. 
 
 Hydrophobophobia (hi - dro -fo- bo-fo'-be - ah) 
 [hydrophobia; (f)6ftoc, fear]. An intense dread 
 of hydrophobia; a condition producing a state 
 simulating true hydrophobia. 
 
 Hydrophore (hi'-dro-for) [hydro-; (j)kpecv, to 
 bear]. An apparatus consisting of a short 
 grooved catheter used as an irrigating dilator 
 of the urethra. 
 
 Hydrophthalmia [hi-dr of -thai' -me -ah) [hy- 
 dro-; ocbdaApioc, eye]. An increase in the 
 fluid contents of the eye, causing the organ 
 to become distended, resulting in glaucoma, 
 keratoglobus, staphyloma, etc. 
 
 Hydropic (hi-drop'-ik) [hydrops]. Pertaining 
 to dropsy; dropsical. 
 
 Hydropneumatic (hi-dro-nu-mat' -ik) [hydro-; 
 Tiveojia, air]. Relating to water and air. 
 
 Hydropneumatosis (hi - dro -nu- mat - o'- sis) 
 [hydro-; 7tv£up.aTcoacc, inflation]. A collec- 
 tion of fluid and air or other gas within the 
 tissues. 
 
 Hydropneumopericardium (hi-dr o-nu-mo-per- 
 ik-ar' -de-um) [hydro-; TzveOfia, air; pericar- 
 dium]. A collection of serum and air or 
 other gas within the pericardium. 
 
 Hydropneumo thorax (hi-dro-nu-mo-tho'-raks) 
 [hydro-; Ttvedfia, air; dcopatj, thorax]. The 
 presence of serous fluid and air or gas in the 
 pleural cavity. 
 
 Hydrops (hi'-drops) [udpcofi, dropsy]. Dropsy. 
 
 H. articuli, a watery effusion into the syno- 
 vial cavity of a joint. H. ex vacuo, a con- 
 dition following inflammation, in which the 
 lung is unable to expand and the space be- 
 tween the contracted lung and the chest-wall 
 is filled with fluid. H. tubae profiuens, 
 hydrosalpinx in which the watery discharges 
 are said to occur from the uterus and vagina, 
 in gushes, the uterine end of the tube from 
 time to time allowing passage of the fluid. 
 
 Hydropyonephrosis (hi -dro-pi-o- ne}-ro r -sis) 
 [hydro-; nuov, pus; v£<bpbc, kidney]. Dis- 
 tention of the pelvis of the kidney with 
 urine and pus. 
 
 Hydroquinin (hi-dro-kwin'-in) [hydro-; quinin], 
 C^H^N^. An alkaloid obtained from 
 cinchona, and frequently contaminating 
 quinin. 
 
 Hydroquinone (hi-dr o-kwin' -on), C 6 H 6 2 . An 
 isomer of resorcinol and pyrocatechin, found 
 in arbutin, and also obtained from quinin 
 and quinone, etc. It is antipyretic and 
 antiseptic. Dose 15-20 gr. (1.0-1.3 Gm.). 
 Unof. See Uva ursi. 
 
 Hydrorachis (hi-dror' -ak-is) [hydro-; pajtc, 
 spine]. A serous effusion within the spinal 
 canal. 
 
 Hydrorenal (hi-dro-re r -nal) [hydro-; ren, kid- 
 ney]. Relating to dropsy of the kidney. 
 
 Hydrorheostat (hi-dro-re' -o-stat) . A rheostat 
 in which the resistance is furnished by water. 
 
 Hydrorrhea (hi-dro-re' -ah) [hydro-; po'ca, a 
 
 , flow]. A flow of watery liquid. Hydrorrhoea 
 gravidarum, a discharge, from the pregnant 
 uterus, of thin mucus that accumulates as a 
 result of excessive secretion of the uterine 
 glands. 
 
 Hydrosalpinx * (hi - dro - sal' - pinks) [hydro-; 
 .oahzcy^, trumpet]. A distention of the fallo- 
 pian tube with fluid. 
 
 Hydrosarcocele (hi-dr o-sar'-ko-sel) [hydro-; 
 oap£, flesh; KrjXr), hernia]. Sarcocele with 
 hydrocele. 
 
 Hydroscopy (hi-dros'-ko-pe) [hydro-; gko-ke'cv, 
 to examine]. The investigation of water or 
 watery fluids. 
 
 Hydro spirometer (hi - dro - spi-rom'-et-er). A 
 spirometer in which a column of water acts 
 as an index. 
 
 Hydrostat (hi' -dr o-stat) [hydro-; ozaroc, stand- 
 ing]. An apparatus for preventing the spill- 
 ing of the fluid of electric batteries during 
 transportation- 
 Hydrostatic (hi-dr o-stat' -ik) [see Hydrostat]. 
 Relating to hydrostatics. H. Exploration, 
 M. See's method of diagnosing pelvic disease 
 by palpation of the abdomen while the 
 patient is extended in a bath covering its 
 surface. H. Test, a test for live birth in 
 which the fetal lungs are floated upon water. 
 
 Hydrostatics (hi-dr o-stat' -iks) [see Hydrostat]. 
 The science treating of the properties of 
 liquids in a state of equilibrium. 
 
 Hydrosulfuric Acid (hi-dro-sul-fu'-rik). See 
 Acid, Hydrosulfuric. 
 
 Hydrosyringomyelia (hi - dro - sir -in-go-mi-e' - 
 le-ah) [hydro-; aupty^, tube; fiueXbg, mar- 
 
HYDROTHERAPEUTICS 
 
 495 
 
 HYOSCYAMIN 
 
 row]. Dilation of the central canal of 
 the spinal cord by watery effusion, attended 
 with degeneration and the formation of 
 cavities. 
 
 Hydrotherapeutics {hi - dro - ther - ap - u'-tiks) 
 [hydro-; dspaneuscv, to heal]. The treatment 
 of disease by means of water, or the use of 
 water in the treatment of disease. 
 
 Hydrotherapy {hi-dro-ther' -ap-e) . See Hy- 
 drotherapeutics. 
 
 Hydrothermal {hi - dro - ther' - mal) [hydro-; 
 dip/j-f], heat]. Pertaining to warm water; said 
 of springs. 
 
 Hydrothermostat {hi-dro-ther' -mo-stat) [hydro-; 
 thermostat]. An apparatus for providing a 
 continuous degree of heat for therapeutic pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Hydrothionammonemia {hi-dro-thi-on-am-o- 
 ne'-me-ah) [hydro-; de'cov, . sulfur; am- 
 monia; alp.a, blood]. The condition pro- 
 duced by the presence of ammonium sulfid 
 in the blood. 
 
 Hydrothionemia {hi - dro - thi - on - e'- me - ah) 
 [hydro-; de'cov, sulfur; alfia, blood]. The 
 condition produced by the presence of hy- 
 drogen sulfid in the blood. 
 
 Hydrothionuria {hi - dro - thi - on - u' -re - ah) 
 [hydro-; de'cov, sulfur; odpov, urine]. The 
 presence of hydrogen sulfid in the urine. 
 
 Hydrothorax {hi-dro-tho'-raks) [hydro-; dcbpa£, 
 chest]. The presence of serous fluid in the 
 pleural cavity, due to a passive effusion, as in 
 cardiac, renal, and other diseases. 
 
 Hydrotomy {hi - drot' - o - me) [hydro-; zip.- 
 vecv, to cut]. A method of dissecting tis- 
 sues by the forcible injection of water into the 
 arteries and capillaries, whereby the struc- 
 tures are separated. 
 
 Hydroureter {hi-dro-u'-re-ter). Dropsy of the 
 ureter. 
 
 Hydroxid {hi-droks'-id) [hydro-; o£i>c sharp]. 
 A metallic or basic radicle combined 
 with one or more hydro xyl groups. Hy- 
 droxids may be regarded as formed from 
 water (HOH) by the substitution for one of 
 its hydrogen atoms of a metal or basic radicle. 
 Synonym of Hydrate. 
 
 Hydroxy! {hi-droks'-il) [see Hydroxid]. The 
 univalent radicle, OH, the combination of 
 which with basic elements or radicles forms 
 the hydroxids. 
 
 Hydroxylamin {hi-droks-iV -am-in) [hydroxid; 
 amin], NH 2 OH. A basic substance, known 
 only in solution in water or in combination 
 with acids. Its hydrochlorid has been used 
 as a substitute for chrysarobin in skin diseases. 
 
 Hydrozone {hi'-dro-zon) [hydro-; ozone]. An 
 aqueous solution of chemically pure hydrogen 
 dioxid; it is used as a bactericide and heal- 
 ing agent. 
 
 Hydruret {hi' -dru-ret) . See Hydrid. 
 
 Hydruria (hi-dru'-re-ah) [hydro-; odpov, urine]. 
 The discharge of a large quantity of urine 
 of low specific gravity. 
 
 Hygiene {hi'-je-cn) [bycecvoc, good for the 
 health]. The science that treats of the laws 
 of health and the methods of their observance. 
 
 Hygienic {hi-je-en'-ik) [see Hygiene]. Per- 
 taining to hygiene, as hygienic treatment, that 
 which simply guards against infraction of 
 the laws of health. 
 
 Hygrin {hi'-grin) [bypoc, moist, from its liquid 
 form], C 12 H 13 N. A liquid alkaloid derived 
 from coca. 
 
 Hygro- {hi-gro-) [bypoc, moist]. A prefix denot- 
 ing moist or relating to moisture. 
 
 Hygroma {hi-gro' -mah) [hygro-; bpa, tumor]. 
 A bursa, or newly formed sac, distended 
 with fluid. 
 
 Hygrometer {hi-grom'-et-er) [hygro-; fierpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for determining 
 quantitatively the amount of moisture in the 
 air. 
 
 Hygrometric {hi-gro-met'-rik) [see Hygrome- 
 ter], i. Pertaining to hygrometry. 2. Read- 
 ily absorbing water; hygroscopic. 
 
 Hygrometry {hi-grom' -et-re) [see Hygrometer]. 
 The measurement of the moisture of the air. 
 
 Hygroscopic {hi-gro-skop'-ik) [hygro-; oKone'cv, 
 to see]. Having the property of absorbing 
 moisture from the air. 
 
 Hygrostomia {hi-gro-sto' -me-ah) [hygro-; ozopa, 
 mouth]. Chronic salivation. 
 
 Hyloma {hi-lo'-mah) [uX-q, matter; bpa, tumor]. 
 A tumor originating in one of the primal pulp- 
 tissues; subdivided into epihyloma, hypohy- 
 loma, and mesohyloma. 
 
 Hymen {hi' -men) [bp-fjv, membrane]. The 
 fold of mucous membrane th#t partially 
 occludes the vaginal orifice. 
 
 Hymenal {hi'-me-nal). Pertaining to the 
 hymen. 
 
 Hymenitis {hi-men-i'-tis) [hymen; cue, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the hymen or of 
 any membranous structure. 
 
 Hymenology {hi-men-ol' -o-je) [hymen; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of the nature, struc- 
 ture, functions, and diseases of membranes. 
 
 Hyoepiglottic {hi-o- ep -e - glot' - ik) [hyoid; 
 epiglottis]. Relating to the hyoid bone and 
 the epiglottis. 
 
 Hyoglossal {hi-o-glos'-al) [hyoid; yXcoooa, 
 tongue]. Extending from the hyoid bone to 
 the tongue. 
 
 Hyoglossus {hi-o-glos'-us). See under Muscle. 
 
 Hyoid {hi'-oid) [T, the Greek letter upsilon; 
 eldoc, form]. Having the form of the Greek 
 letter upsilon. H. Bone, a bone situated 
 between the root of the tongue and the larynx, 
 supporting the tongue and giving attachment 
 to its muscles. 
 
 Hyomental {hi-o-ment'-al). Relating to the 
 hyoid bone and the chin. 
 
 Hyoscin {hi'-o-sin) [5c, hog; nuavoc, bean], 
 C 17 H 21 N0 4 . A liquid alkaloid found in hy- 
 oscyamus. It is a powerful depressant of 
 the cerebrum and the motor centers of the 
 cord, and is employed in insomnia, mania, 
 and excessive sexual excitement. H. Hydro - 
 bromid {hyoscince hydrobromidum , U. S. P.), 
 the most commonly administered form. 
 Dose t^—sV S 1 "- (0.0005-0.0008 Gm.). 
 
 Hyoscyamin {hi-o-si' -am-in) [see Hyoscin], 
 An alkaloid occurring in hy- 
 
HYOSCYAMUS 
 
 496 
 
 HYPERDISTENTION 
 
 oscyamus. It is isomeric with atropin, is 
 a mydriatic, narcotic, and sedative. Dose 
 _i_ g r . (0.0005 Gm.). H. Hydrobromid 
 (hyoscyamince hydrobromidum, U. S. P.), yel- 
 lowish-white, amorphous masses, with nau- 
 seous taste and odor of tobacco. It is myd- 
 riatic, hypnotic, and sedative. Dose T30 - 
 eV § r - (0-0005-0.001 Gm.) several times 
 daily; as hypnotic for insane |-| gr. (0.008- 
 0.016 Gm.). H., Pseudo-, C 17 H 23 N0 3 , that 
 obtained irom Duboisia my op oroides. It 
 is sedative and antispasmodic. Dose for the 
 sane jfa-fo gr. (0.0005-0.001 Gm.); in- 
 jection for insane ^V* To S r - (0.002-0.006 Gm.). 
 H. Sulfate (hyoscyamince sulphas, U. S. P.), 
 the neutral sulfate of an alkaloid obtained from 
 hyoscyamus. Dose y^-g- gr. (0.0005 Gm.). 
 
 Hyoscyamus (hi-o-si' -am-us) [see Hyoscin]. 
 Henbane; a plant of the order Solanacece. 
 The leaves and flowering tops of H. niger 
 yield the alkaloids hyoscyamin and hyoscin. 
 It is sedative to the nervous system, and has 
 been employed in hysteria, cough, and colic, 
 and to relieve pain in rheumatism, headache, 
 and malignant tumors. H., Extract of (ex- 
 traction hyoscyami, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 gr. 
 (0.065-0.13 Gm.). H., Fluidextract of 
 (fiuidextr actum hyoscyami, U. S. P.). Dose 
 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). H. Juice (succus 
 hyoscyami, B. P.). Dose §-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 H., Tincture of (tinctura hyoscyami, U. S. P.). 
 Dose J-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Hypacidity (hip-as-id' -it-e) [hypo-; acidity]. 
 Subacidity; deficiency in acid constituents. 
 
 Hypacousis, Hypacusia, Hypacusis, Hypa- 
 kusis (hip-ah-koo'-sis, hip-ah-koo'-ze-ah) 
 [hypo-; duouocc, hearing]. Impairment of hear- 
 ing. 
 
 Hypalbuminosis (hip-al-bu-min-o' -sis) [hypo-; 
 albumin]. Diminution in the proportion of 
 albumin in the blood. 
 
 Hypaphorin (hi-paj'-or-in). A crystalline 
 alkaloid derived from the seeds of Erythrina 
 lithosperma. 
 
 Hypasthenia (hip-as-the' '-ne-ah) [hypo-; dadheca, 
 weakness]. Loss of strength in a slight degree. 
 
 Hyper- (hi-per-) [uizkp, over]. A Greek prefix 
 signifying above, beyond, or excessive. 
 
 Hyperacanthosis (hi-per-ak-an-tho'-sis) [hyper-; 
 anavda, thorn]. Abnormal growth of the 
 prickle-cell layer of the epidermis, as in warts 
 and condylomas. 
 
 Hyperacidity (hi-per-as-id' -it-e) [hyper-; acid- 
 ity]. Excessive acidity. 
 
 Hyperacousis, Hyperacusia, Hyperacusis, 
 Hyperakusis (hi-per-ah-koo' -sis, hi-per-ah- 
 koo'-ze-ah) [hyper-; anoootg, hearing]. Morbid 
 acuteness of the sense of hearing; auditory 
 hyperesthesia. 
 
 Hyperactivity (%i-per-ak-tiv'-it-e) [hyper-; 
 activity]. Excessive or abnormal activity. 
 
 Hyperemia (hi-per ■-e'-me-ah). See Hyperemia. 
 
 Hyperaeration (hi-per-a-er-a' -shun) [hyper-; 
 ar)p, air]. The condition of being furnished 
 with excess of ozone. 
 
 Hyperesthesia (hi - per -es- the' -ze- ah) . See 
 Hyperesthesia, 
 
 Hyperalbuminemia (hi - per -al-bu- min - e f - 
 me -ah). Pernicious anemia characterized 
 by more than the normal percentage of 
 albumin in the blood. 
 
 Hyperalbuminosis (hi - per -al-bu -min-o'-sis) 
 [hyper-; albumin]. An increase in the amount 
 of albumin in the blood. 
 
 Hyperalgesia (hi - per - al - je' -ze-ah) [hyper-; 
 aXfTjocg, pain]. Excessive sensibility to pain. 
 H., Acoustic, H., Auditory, a painful 
 sensation in the ear caused by noises. Syn., 
 Hypercesthesia acustica. H., Muscular, 
 muscular fatigue and exhaustion attending 
 certain diseases. H., Olfactory, painful 
 sensitiveness of the olfactory apparatus to 
 certain odors. 
 
 Hyperalimentation (hi-per-al-e-men-ta r -shun) . 
 See Superalimentation. 
 
 Hyperalimentosis (hi -per-al-e- men - to'- sis) . 
 A morbid condition due to superalimentation. 
 
 Hyperalkalescence (hi-per-al-kal-es'-ens). Ex- 
 cessive alkalinity. 
 
 Hyperanakinesis (hi - per - an - ak - in - e'- sis) 
 [hyper-; dvaKevqac^, a moving upward; 
 excitement]. Excessive activity of a part. 
 H. ventriculi, exaggerated activity of the 
 gastric functions. 
 
 Hyperaphic (hi-per-af'-ik) [hyper-; dcbrj, a 
 touching]. Having morbid sensitiveness to 
 touch. 
 
 Hyperazoturia (hi-per-az-ot-u' -re-ah) [hyper-; 
 a, priv.; Qcorj, life; oupov, urine]. Excess 
 of nitrogenous matter in the urine. 
 
 Hyperbulia (hi-per -bu' -le-ah) [hyper-; fiouXrj, 
 will]. Exaggerated wilfulness; abnormal de- 
 velopment of will-power. 
 
 Hypercatharsis (hi-per-kath-ar'-sis) [hyper-; 
 Kadapatg, cleansing]. Excessive purging. 
 
 Hyperchlorhydria (hi - per - klor - hi' -dre-ah). 
 Same as Chlorhydria. 
 
 Hypercholia (hi-per-ko' -le-ah) [hyper-; ^o/Itj, 
 bile]. An excessive secretion of bile. 
 
 Hyperchondroma (hi - per - kon - dro' - mah) 
 [hyper-; chondroma]. A cartilaginous tumor. 
 
 Hyperchromasia (hi - per - kro - ma' - ze - ah) 
 [hyper-; xp<J)p.a, color]. A condition char- 
 acterized by excess of pigment. 
 
 Hyperchylia (hi-per --ki' '-le-ah) [hyper-; %ul6c, 
 juice]. Excess of secretion; excessive forma- 
 tion of chyle. 
 
 Hypercompensation (hi - per - kom - pen - sa'- 
 shun). The formation of more plastic ma- 
 terial than is necessary to compensate for loss. 
 
 Hypercyesis (hi-per-si-e'-sis) [hyper-; kLtjocq, 
 conception]. 1. Superfetation. 2. The con- 
 dition in which conceptions follow each other 
 rapidly. 
 
 Hypercythemia (hi-per-si-the' -me-ah) [hyper-; 
 k'itoc, cell; alpta, blood]. Increase in the 
 blood-corpuscles compared with the serum. 
 
 Hyperdicrotic (hi-per-di-krot'-ik) [hyper-; 
 d'cupozoc, a double beat]. Affected with 
 marked or delayed dicrotism; a condition in 
 which the aortic notch is below the base-line. 
 
 Hyperdistention (hi-per-dis-ten'-shun) [hyper-; 
 distendere, to stretch]. Forcible or extreme 
 distention, 
 
HYPERDONTOGENY 
 
 497 
 
 HYPEROPIA 
 
 Hyperdontogeny (hi-per -don-to j'-en-e) [hyper-; 
 ddotjc, tooth; yevvav, to produce]. The 
 occurrence of a third dentition in mature life. 
 
 Hyperdynamia (hi-per-di-nam'-e-ah) [hyper-; 
 dbvap.cg, energy]. Excessive strength or exag- 
 geration of nervous or muscular function. 
 
 Hyperemesis (hi-per -em' -es-is) [hyper-; ep.eocg, 
 vomiting]. Excessive vomiting. 
 
 Hyperemia {hi-per-e' -me-ah) [hyper-; aljia, 
 blood]. Excessive blood in a part. H., 
 Active, that caused by an excessive supply 
 of blood going to a part. H., Arterial, 
 that due to increase of the blood-current from 
 dilation of the arterioles. H., Collateral, 
 H., Compensatory, congestion, either ar- 
 terial or venous, in one part, compensatory 
 to anemia in another part through transferred 
 blood-pressure. H., Latent, the condition 
 following continued light-treatment, marked 
 by distinct redness appearing after very 
 slight stimulation and consisting in dilation 
 of the cutaneous vessels, exudation, and local 
 leukocytosis. H., Passive, that caused by 
 an impediment to the removal of the blood. 
 H. of Stasis. See H., Passive. H., Venous, 
 that due to diminishment of the velocity of 
 the current, from obstruction of the outflow 
 through the veins. Syn., Hyperemia venosa. 
 
 Hyperencephalus (hi-per --en-sef '-a-lus) [hyper-; 
 £jid(f)aXoc, brain]. A variety of single auto- 
 sitic monsters in which the upper portion of the 
 skull is entirely lacking. 
 
 Hypererythrocythemia (hi - per - er - ith -ro - 
 
 _ si - the' - me - ah) [hyper-; epudpog, red; 
 HUTog, cell; alfia, blood]. Excess of red cor- 
 puscles in the blood. 
 
 Hyperesthesia {hi- per -es- the' -ze-ah) [hyper-; 
 a'codrjocc, sensation]. Excessive sensibility. 
 
 Hyperextension (hi-per-eks-ten'-shun). Ex- 
 cessive extension for the correction of ortho- 
 pedic deformities. 
 
 Hypergeusia (hi-per-gu'-se-ah) [hyper-; yeuoic, 
 taste]. Abnormal acuteness of the sense of 
 taste. 
 
 Hyperglobulia (hi - per - glo - bu'-le-ah) [hyper-; 
 globus, a ball]. An increase in the number 
 of red blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Hyperhematosia, Hyperhematosis (hi-per- 
 hem-at-o' -ze-ah, hi-per-hem-at-o' -sis) . i. Ex- 
 traordinary activity or pressure of the blood. 
 2. Excess of blood. Syn., Hyperematosis; 
 Hyperemosis. 
 
 Hyperhidrosis, Hyperidrosis (hi-per-hid-ro f - 
 sis, hi-per -id-ro' -sis) [hyper-; cdpojg, sweat]. 
 Excessive sweating. 
 
 Hyperinosis (hi-per-in-o'-sis) [hyper-; "c, fiber]. 
 An excessive increase in the fibrin-factors 
 in the blood. 
 
 Hyperinvolution (hi-per-in-vo-lu! -shun) [hyper-; 
 involvere, to roll around]. Excessive invo- 
 lution of an organ after enlargement, as 
 of the uterus after pregnancy, resulting in 
 a reduction below the normal size. 
 
 Hyperisotonic (hi- per -is -o -ton' -ik) [hyper-; 
 'coog, equal; rovoc, tone]. Applied to a solu- 
 tion of greater density than the blood or some 
 other fluid taken as a standard. 
 33 
 
 Hyperkeratosis (hi-per-ker-at-o'-sis) [hyper-; 
 nkpac, cornea; horn], i. Hypertrophy of the 
 cornea. 2. Hypertrophy of the horny layer 
 of the skin. H. lacunaris pharyngis, a 
 condition characterized by numerous hard 
 white masses sometimes developing into long 
 horny spines, projecting from the follicles 
 of the lymphoid ring about the pharynx. 
 
 Hyperkinesia (hi-per-kin-e' -ze-ah) [hyper-; 
 Kcvqocc, energy]. -Excessive movement, as 
 that associated with muscular spasm. 
 
 Hyperleukocythemia (hi - per - lu - ko - si-the'- 
 me-ah). See Hyperleukocytosis. 
 
 Hyperleukocytosis (hi - per - lu -ko- si - to' - sis) 
 [hyper-; leukocyte]. An increase in the number 
 of leukocytes in the blood. 
 
 Hypermastia (hi-per-mas'-te-ah) [hyper-; 
 Haaxog, breast]. Excessive development of 
 the mammary gland. 
 
 Hypermedication (hi - per - med -e- ka'-shun). 
 Excessive employment of drugs. 
 
 Hypermetamorphic (hi-per-met-ah-morf'-ik) . 
 Undergoing frequent transformations. 
 
 Hypermetropia (hi-per-me-tro' -pe-ah). Same 
 as Hyperopia. 
 
 Hypermetropic ((hi-per-me-tro p'-ik) [hyper-; 
 fxirpov, a measure; axp, sight]. Affected with, 
 or pertaining to, hyperopia. 
 
 Hypermyelohemia (hi-per-mi-e-lo-he' -me-ah) 
 [hyper-; p.ueX6g, marrow; alfxa, blood]. 
 Hyperemia of the spinal marrow. Syn., 
 Myelyperemia. 
 
 Hypermyotrophia, Hypermyotrophy (hi-per- 
 mi-ot-ro'-fe-ah, hi-per-mi-ot' -ro-fe) [hyper-; 
 fiuc, muscle; rpo^-q, nourishment]. Hyper- 
 trophy of the muscular tissue. 
 
 Hypernephroid (hi- per -ne J' -roid) [hyper-; 
 vz<f)poc, kidney; eldog, likeness]. Suprarenal. 
 H. Tumors, such as are derived from aber- 
 rant suprarenal tissue. See Hypernephroma. 
 
 Hypernephroma (hi-per-nef-ro'-mah) . See 
 Grawitz's Tumor. 
 
 Hyperneuroma (hi-per-nu-ro'-mah) [hyper-; 
 veupov, nerve; b/.ia, tumor]. An exuber- 
 ant growth of nervous tissue. 
 
 Hyperonychia (hi - per - - nik'-e-ah) [hyper-; 
 ovu£, nail]. Hypertrophy of the nails. 
 
 Hyperope (hi'-per-op) [hyperopia]. One who 
 is affected with hyperopia. 
 
 Hyperopia (hi-per-o' -pe-ah) [hyper-; &><l>, sight]. 
 The condition of the refractive media of 
 the eye in which, with suspended accom- 
 modation, the focus of parallel rays of light 
 is behind the retina. It is due to an abnor- 
 mally short anteroposterior diameter of the 
 eye, or to a subnormal refractive power of 
 its media. H., Absolute, that which cannot 
 be corrected completely by accommodation, 
 so that there is indistinct vision even for 
 distance. H., Axial, that due to abnormal 
 shortness of the anteroposterior diameter of 
 the eye, the refractive power being normal. 
 H., Curvature, a form often combined with 
 astigmatism, due to changes in curvature of the 
 cornea or lens. H., Facultative, that which 
 may be corrected by the accommodation, so 
 that there is distinct vision at a distance. H., 
 
HYPEROSMIA 
 
 498 
 
 HYPINOSIS 
 
 Index, that developing in old age from 
 sclerosis of the lens. H., Latent, that part 
 of the total hyperopia that cannot be over- 
 come by the accommodation, or the difference 
 between the manifest and the total hyperopia. 
 H., Manifest, that which the accommoda- 
 tion can overcome, or that corrigible by a 
 convex glass aided by the accommodation. 
 H., Relative, a high hyperopia in which 
 distinct vision is possible only when excessive 
 convergence is made. H., Total, the entire 
 hyperopia, both latent and manifest. 
 
 Hyperosmia (hi-per-oz' -me-ah) [hyper-; da fir], 
 smell]. An abnormally acute sense of smell. 
 
 Hyperostosis (hi - per - os - to' -sis) [hyper-; 
 daxkov, bone]. A bony outgrowth. 
 
 Hyperperistalsis (hi - per - per - is - taV - sis) . 
 Peristaltic unrest; a condition characterized 
 by persistent rapid contractions of the stomach 
 in close succession appearing after meals. 
 Syn., Tormina ventriculi nervosa. 
 
 Hyperphleboectasy (hi - per-fleb-o-ek r - ta - se) 
 [hyper-; <f)U(p, vein; Iknraacg, a stretching]. 
 Excessive dilation of the veins. 
 
 Hyperphoria (hi-per-)o'-re-ah). See Heter- 
 ophoria. 
 
 Hyperpiesis (hi - per - pi- e' - sis) [hyper-; 
 iz'uoic, a pressing]. An abnormally high pres- 
 sure, as of the blood. 
 
 Hyperplasia (hi-per-pla' -ze-ah) [hyper-; izXhacc, 
 molding]. Excessive formation of tissue; an 
 increase in the size .of a tissue or organ 
 owing to an increase in the number of cells. 
 Syn., Numeric hypertrophy. 
 
 Hyperplastic (hi-per-plas'-tik). Pertaining to 
 hyperplasia. 
 
 Hyperpnea (hi-per-pne'-ah) [hyper-; nvocr), 
 breathing]. Panting or exaggerated respiration. 
 
 Hyperpraxia (hi-per-praks 1 '-e-ah) [hyper-; 
 Ttpa&c, exercise]. The restlessness of 
 movement characterizing certain forms of 
 mania. 
 
 Hyperpselaphesia (hi- per-sel-af-e' -ze-ah) [hy- 
 per-; $r]Xacf>r]occ, touch]. Abnormal increase 
 of tactile sensibility. 
 
 Hyperpyrexia (hi-per-pi-reks'-e-ah) [hyper-; 
 nupexoc, fever]. Excessively high body tem- 
 perature. By some the term is used only 
 when the temperature is above 106 F. 
 
 Hyperresonance (hi-per-res'-o-nans) [hyper-; 
 resonance]. Increased resonance on per- 
 cussion. 
 
 Hypersecretion (hi-per-se-kre'-shun) [hyper-; 
 secretion]. Excessive secretion. 
 
 Hypersteatosis (hi-per-ste-at-o' -sis) [hyper-; 
 steatosis]. Excessive secretion of fat. Syn., 
 Aleipsis acuta. 
 
 Hypersynergia (hi-per-sin-ur 1 '-je - ah) [hyper-; 
 auvepy'ca, a working together]. Excessive 
 coordination; excessive energy in the or- 
 gans in spreading disease throughout the 
 system. 
 
 Hypertension (hi-per-ten' -shun) . Excessive 
 tension; supertension. 
 
 Hyperthermalgesia (hi-per-therm-al-je' -se-ah) 
 [hyper-; dippy, heat; dXyqocg, pain]. Abnor- 
 mal sensitiveness to heat. 
 
 Hyperthermia (hi-per-ther'-me-ah). Elevation 
 of temperature above the normal. 
 
 Hyperthyrea (hi-per-thi'-re-ah). The condi- 
 tion arising from excessive functional activity 
 of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Hyperthyrosis (hi -per -thi-ro' -sis). The 
 condition in which there is excess of thyroid 
 substance in the body. 
 
 Hypertonia (hi-per-to' -ne-ah) [hyper-; tovoc, 
 tone], i. Excess of muscular tonicity. 2. 
 Increased intraocular tension. 
 
 Hypertonic (hi-per-ton' '-ik) . Exceeding in 
 strength or tension. H. Salt Solution, one 
 that exceeds the osmotic tension of the blood- 
 serum. 
 
 Hypertoxicity (hi - per - toks - is f - it - e) . The 
 quality of being excessively toxic. 
 
 Hypertrichiasis, Hypertrichosis (hi-per-trik-i'- 
 as-is, hi-per-trik-o' '-sis) . Excessive growth 
 of hair of a part or the whole of the body. 
 
 Hypertrophous (hi-per'-trof-us). Marked by 
 or exhibiting hypertrophy. 
 
 Hypertrophy (hi-per'-tro-}e) [hyper-; rpo(f)f), 
 nourishment]. An increase in the size of a 
 tissue or organ independent of the general 
 growth of the body. H., Compensatory, 
 that resulting from the increased activity of 
 an organ to make up some deficiency in a 
 paired organ or in itself. H., Concentric 
 (of the heart), increase in the thickness of 
 the walls, without increase in the size of the 
 organ, but with diminution in the capacity 
 of its chambers. H., Eccentric (of the heart), 
 hypertrophy with dilation. H., False, an 
 increase in some one constituent tissue of an 
 organ, usually the connective tissue. H., 
 Moriform, a mulberry-like enlargement, as 
 of the posterior ends of the lower turbinals. 
 H., Numeric, hypertrophy due to an in- 
 crease in the number of cells. H., Simple. 
 1. That in which there is increase in the 
 size of the individual cells. 2. Of the heart, 
 increased thickness of the walls, the size of 
 the cavities remaining unchanged. H., True, 
 an increase of all the component tissues of 
 an organ, giving increased power. 
 
 Hyperviscosity (hi-per-vis-kos'-it-e). Exagger- 
 ation of adhesive properties; observed in 
 the erythrocytes in inflammatory diseases, in 
 anemias, or when they are subjected to the 
 action of poisons, notably snake-poison. 
 
 Hypesthesia (hip-es-the' -ze-ah) [uno, under; dla- 
 drjacg, sensation]. Impairment of sensation; 
 lessened tactile sensibility. 
 
 Hypesthetic (hip-es-thet'-ik). Pertaining to or 
 affected with hypesthesia. 
 
 Hypha (hi'-fah) [ucfrr), a weaving; web; pi., 
 hyphce]. The filament or thread of a fungus; 
 the matted hyphse form the mycelium. 
 
 Hyphemia (hi-fe'-me-ah) [bno, under; alfta, 
 blood]. 1. Oligemia; deficiency of blood. 2. 
 Hemorrhage in the anterior chamber of the 
 eye. 
 
 Hyphomycetes (hi-fo-mi-se'-tez) [u<f>r], web; 
 fiVK-qc, fungus]. The molds. 
 
 Hypinosis (hip-in-o' -sis) [uizb, under; 7o, fiber]. 
 A deficiency of fibrin-factors in the blood. 
 
HYPISOTONIC 
 
 499 
 
 HYPOESOPHORIA 
 
 Hypiso tonic (hip-is-o-ton' '-ik) . See Hypoiso- 
 tonic. 
 
 Hypnacetin (hip-nas'-et-in), C . H 3 CO-NH- 
 C 6 H 4 -OCH 3 - CO-C c H 5 . Acetophenonacetyl- 
 paraamidophenol ether. It is hypnotic and 
 antiseptic. Dose 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.25 Gm.), 
 Syn., Hypnoacetin. 
 
 Hypnal (hip'-nal) [ukvoc, sleep]. A drug com- 
 posed of antipyrin and chloral hydrate and 
 used as a hypnotic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
 Unof. m 
 
 Hypnalgia (hip-nal'-je-ah) [onvoc, sleep; dXyoc, 
 pain]. Pain recurring during sleep. 
 
 Hypnic (hip'-nik) [otcvckoc, producing sleep]. 
 1. Pertaining to or inducing sleep. 2. An 
 agent that induces sleep. 
 
 Hypno- (hip-no-) [unuoc, sleep]. A prefix denot- 
 ing relation to sleep or to hypnotism. 
 
 Hypnogenetic, Hypnogenic, Hypnogenous 
 (hip-no-jen-et'-ik, hip-no-jen'-ik, hip-noj'- 
 en-us) [hypno-; yevvav, to produce]. 1. 
 Producing or inducing sleep. 2. Inducing 
 hypnotism. 
 
 Hypnolepsy (hip'-no-lep-se) [hypno-; Xfjfac, 
 seizure]. Excessive sleepiness. 
 
 Hypnology (hip-nol'-o-je) [hypno-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science dealing with sleep or 
 with hypnotism. 
 
 Hypnone (hip' -non). See Acetophenone. 
 
 Hypnopompic (hip-no-pomp' -ik) [hypno-; 
 nopLTti), a procession]. Applied to visions seen 
 at the moment of awakening from sleep or 
 prior to complete awakening, as when a 
 dream figure persists in waking life. 
 
 Hypnosia (hip-no' -ze-ah) [otzvoc, sleep]. A 
 condition of morbid drowsiness. 
 
 Hypnosis (hip-no' -sis) [see Hypnosia]. 1. The 
 condition produced by hypnotizing. 2. The 
 production of sleep; also, the gradual ap- 
 proach of sleep. 
 
 Hypnotic (hip-not' -ik) [hypnosis]. 1. Inducing 
 sleep. 2. Pertaining to hypnotism. 3. A 
 remedy that causes sleep. 
 
 Hypnotism (hip' -not-izm) [hypnosis]. A state 
 of artificial somnambulism or trance, in- 
 duced in certain persons by concentrating 
 the gaze on a small object or on a revolving 
 mirror, or by complete subjection of their 
 will to that of another, at whose command 
 the hypnotic state develops. Three stages 
 are described — the cataleptic, the lethargic, 
 and the somnambulistic. 
 
 Hypnotization (hip - not - iz - a' - shun) [hyp- 
 notism]. The induction of hypnotism. 
 
 Hypo- (hi-po-) [uno, under]. A prefix denoting: 
 1. Deficiency or lack. 2. Below or beneath, 
 opposed to epi-, upon. 3. Of acids and salts, 
 denoting those having a smaller number of 
 atoms of oxygen than other compounds of 
 the same elements. 
 
 Hypoacidity (hi^po-as-id'-it-e) . See Hypacidity. 
 
 Hypoazoturia (hi-po-az-ot-u' -re-ah) [hypo-; 
 azoturia]. A diminished amount of urea 
 in the urine. 
 
 Hypoblast (hi' - po - blast) [hypo-; (HXaoxdc, 
 sprout]. The internal layer of the blastoderm, 
 also called the endoderm, endoblast, or ento- 
 
 derm. From it is developed the intestinal 
 epithelium (except that of the mouth and 
 anus) and that of the glands opening into 
 the intestine, and the epithelium of the air- 
 passages. 
 
 Hypobromite (hi-po-bro' -mit) [hypo-; Pp<Lp.oc, 
 stench]. A salt of hypobromous acid. H. 
 Method, a method of estimating the quan- 
 tity of urea in urine, based upon the fact 
 that when urea is acted upon by sodium hypo- 
 bromite it is decomposed into nitrogen, carbon 
 dioxid, and water. From the volume of 
 nitrogen evolved the quantity of urea can be 
 determined. 
 
 Hypobulia (hi-po-bu' -le-ah) [hypo-; pooXi], 
 will]. Deficiency of will-power. 
 
 Hypochlorhydria (hi-po-klor-hi'-dre-ah) [hy- 
 po-; xXcopoc, green; udcop, water]. A con- 
 dition in which there is a diminished amount 
 of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. 
 
 Hypochlorite (hi-po-klo'-rit) [hypo-; xlwpbc, 
 green]. Any salt of hypochlorous acid, 
 HCIO. The most important are those of 
 calcium and sodium. 
 
 Hypochlorization (hi-po-klo-riz-a' -shun) . A 
 method of treating epilepsy by reduction of 
 the sodium chlorid consumed by the patient 
 to one-half. 
 
 Hypochondriac (h i-po- kon' - dre - ak) [hypo- 
 chondrhim]. 1. Pertaining to the hypochon- 
 drium. 2. A person who is affected with 
 hypochondriasis . 
 
 Hypochondriasis (hi-po-kon-dri' -as-is) [hypo- 
 chondrium]. A condition in which the patient 
 believes himself suffering from grave bodily 
 diseases. 
 
 Hypochondrium (hi-po-kon'-dre-um) [hypo-; 
 %6vdpoc, cartilage]. The upper lateral region 
 of the abdomen beneath the lower ribs. 
 
 Hypochromatism (hi-po-kro' -mat-izm) [hypo-; 
 chromatin]. Deficiency of chromatin in the 
 nucleus of a cell. 
 
 Hypochromatosis (hi-po-kro-mat-o'-sis). The 
 pathologic diminution of the chromatin in a 
 cell-nucleus. 
 
 Hypochylia (hi-po-ki' -le-ah) [hypo-; x°^° c > 
 juice]. Deficiency of secretion; deficiency of 
 chyle. 
 
 Hypocytosis (hi-po-si-to'-sis) [hypo-; kutoc, 
 cell]. Diminution of the number of blood- 
 corpuscles. 
 
 Hypodermatic, Hypodermic (hi-po-der-mat'-ik, 
 hi-po-der'-mik) [hypo-; dip/ia, skin]. Placed 
 or introduced beneath the skin, as hypoder- 
 matic injection. 
 
 Hypodermatoclysis, Hypodermoclysis (hi-po- 
 der-mat-ok'-lis-is, hi-po-der-mok.' -lis-is) [hypo- 
 dermatic; kXoocc, injection]. The introduction 
 into the subcutaneous tissues of large quanti- 
 ties of fluids, especially of normal saline solu- 
 tion. 
 
 Hypodermotherapy (hi-po-der-mo-ther'-ap-e) 
 [hypo-; dipp.a, skin; depaneca, therapy]. Sub- 
 cutaneous medication. 
 
 Hypoesophoria (hi-po-es-o-fo'-re-ah)- [hypo-; 
 esophoria]. A tendency of the visual axis of 
 one eye to deviate downward and inward. 
 
HYPOEXOPHORIA 
 
 500 
 
 HYPOTHENAR 
 
 Hypoexophoria (hi-po-eks-o-fo' -re-ah) [hypo-; 
 exophorid\. A tendency of the visual axis of 
 one eye to deviate downward and outward. 
 
 Hypogastric (hi-po-gas'-trik) [hypogastrium]. 
 Pertaining to the hypogastrium. 
 
 Hypogastrium (hi -po- gas' - tre - urn) [hypo-; 
 yaozTjp, the belly]. The lower median anterior 
 region of the abdomen. 
 
 Hypogastropagus (hi-po-gas-trop'-ag-us) [hy- 
 pogastrium; izayoc, anything solid]. A 
 genus of twin monsters characterized by 
 having the union in the region of the hypo- 
 gastrium. 
 
 Hypogeusia (hi - po - gu f - se - ah) [hypo-; 
 yeuocc, taste]. Diminution in the sense of 
 taste. 
 
 Hypoglossal (hi-po-glos'-al) [see Hypoglossus]. 
 Situated under the tongue. H. Nerve. See 
 under Nerve. 
 
 Hypoglossus (hi-po-glos'-us) [hypo-; yXcbooa, 
 tongue]. The hypoglossal nerve. 
 
 Hypoglottis (hi-po-glot'-is) [see Hypoglossus]. 
 i. The under part of the tongue. 2. A swell- 
 ing at the under part of the tongue, as a 
 ranula. 
 
 Hypognathous (hi-pog' -na-thus) [see Hypog- 
 nathus]. Having the lower mandible longer 
 than the upper. 
 
 Hypognathus (hi-pog' -na-thus) [hypo-; jvadoc, 
 jaw]. A double monstrosity in which the 
 parasite is attached to the inferior maxillary 
 bone. 
 
 Hypohidrosis (hi - po - hid - ro' - sis) [hypo-; 
 Idpcootc, sweating]. Scanty perspiration. 
 
 Hypoisotonic (hi - po-is-o ■- ton' - ik) [hypo-; 
 isotonic]. Applied to a solution the osmotic 
 pressure of which is lower than blood-plasma 
 or some other solution taken as a standard. 
 
 Hypokinesia, Hypokinesis (hi-po-kin-e'-ze-ah, 
 hi-po-kin-e' -sis) [hypo-; ncvqocc, motion]. 
 Deficiency in motor reaction under stimula- 
 tion. 
 
 Hypoleukocytosis (hi-po-lu-ko-si-to' -sis) [hy- 
 po-; leukocyte]. A diminution of the number 
 of leukocytes in the blood. 
 
 Hypolympha (hi-po-lim' '-fah) [hypo-; lympha, 
 water]. An extravasation of plastic lymph 
 into the anterior chamber of the eye. 
 
 Hypomania (hi-po-ma'-ne-ah) [hypo-; p.av'ca, 
 madness]. A moderate degree of maniacal 
 exaltation. 
 
 Hypomastia, Hypomazira (hi-po-mas'-te-ah, 
 hi- po-ma' -ze-ah) [hypo-; p.ao~6c, the breast]. 
 Abnormal smallness of the mammary gland. 
 
 Hypomelancholia (hi-po-mel-an-ho' -le-ah) [hy- 
 po-; melancholia]. Moderate melancholia; 
 melancholia without delusions. 
 
 Hypometropia (hi - po - me - tro' - pe - ah) [hy- 
 po-; fxkrpov, a measure; axp, vision]. Myopia. 
 
 Hypopepsia (hi-po-pep'-se-ah) [hypo-; Tis^ic, 
 digestion]. Subnormal digestive power. 
 
 Hypophoria (hi-po- fo' -re-ah) [hypo-; <j)opoc, 
 tending]. A tendency of the visual axis of 
 one eye to deviate below that of the other. 
 
 Hypophosphite (hi-po-fos'-flt) [hypo-; phos- 
 phorus]. A salt of hypophosphorous acid. 
 Those of calcium, iron, manganese, potassium, 
 
 and sodium are official. H.s, Emulsion 
 of Cod-liver Oil with (emulsum olei morr- 
 huce cum hypophosphitibus, U. S. P.), an 
 emulsion made of cod-liver oil, acacia, calcium, 
 potassium, and sodium hypophosphites, syrup, 
 oil of gaultheria, and water. Dose 2 dr. (8 
 Cc). H.s, Syrup of (syrupus hypophos- 
 phitum, U. S. P.), contains calcium, potas- 
 sium, and sodium hypophosphites. Dose 
 2 dr. (8 Cc). H.s, Syrup of, Compound 
 (syrupus hypophosphitum compositus, U. S. 
 P.), contains five hypophosphites, hypophos- 
 phorous acid, quinin, and strychnin. Dose 2 
 dr. (8 Cc). Both syrups are used in wasting 
 diseases, in scrofula, rickets, etc. 
 
 Hypophosphorous Acid (hi-po-fos-fo'-rus). 
 See Acid, Hypophosphorous. H. Acid, Dil- 
 ute (acidum hypophosphorosum dilutum, U. 
 S. P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Hypophysin (hi-po f'-is-in). An organothera- 
 peutic remedy from the hypophysis of the 
 ox. It is used as an adjuvant to iodothyrin 
 in the treatment of akromegaly. Dose 2-5 
 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.) several times daily. 
 
 Hypophysis (hi-pof'-is-is) [hypo-; $Ucv, to 
 grow]. An outgrowth. H. cerebri, the 
 pituitary body. 
 
 Hypoplasia (hi-po-pla' -ze-ah) [hypo-; nXaooEiv, 
 to mold]. Defective development of any 
 organ or tissue. 
 
 Hypopselaphesia (hi-pop-sel-af-e' -ze-ah) [hypo-; 
 (J)T)Xa(f>T)occ, touch]. Diminution of sensitive- 
 ness to tactile impressions. 
 
 Hypopyon (hi-po' -pe-on) [hypo-; nuov, pus]. 
 A collection of pus in the anterior chamber 
 of the eye. 
 
 Hyposcheotomy (hi-po-ske-ot'-o-me) [hypo-; 
 oo~ieov, scrotum; xkp.veiv, to cut]. The 
 surgical puncturing of a hydrocele at the 
 lower part of the tunica vaginalis. 
 
 Hyposmia (hi-poz' -me-ah) [hypo-; oojultj, 
 smell]. Diminution of the sense of smell. 
 
 Hypospadia, Hypospadias (hi-po-spa'-de-ah, 
 hi-po-spa' -de-as) [hypo-; oTiav, to draw]. 
 A condition in which the urethra opens upon 
 the under surface of the penis. 
 
 Hypostasis (hi-pos'-tas-is) [hypo-; stasis]. 1. 
 A settling; also, the sediment. 2. The 
 settling of blood in the dependent parts of 
 the body. 
 
 Hypostatic (hi-po-stat'-ik) [see Hypostasis]. 
 Due to, or of the nature of, hypostasis. H. 
 Congestion. See Hypostasis (2). H. Pneu- 
 monia. See Pneumonia, Hypostatic. 
 
 Hyposthenia (hi-po-sthe-ne'-ah) [hypo-; odevog, 
 strength]. Weakness. 
 
 Hyposthenuria (hi-po-sthen-u' -re-ah) [hypo- 
 sthenia; oupov, urine]. 1. Suppression of the 
 urine from inability of the kidney to eliminate. 
 2. Diminution of solids in the urine. 
 
 Hypothalamus (hi-po -thai' -am -us) [hypo-; 
 6a.XaiJ.oc, thalamus]. A group of prominences 
 and aggregations of ganglions lying on the 
 ventral side beneath the thalamus. Syn., 
 Subthalamus. 
 
 Hypothenar (hi-poth' -en-ar) [hypo-; dkvap, 
 palm]. The fleshy eminence on the palm 
 
HYPOTHERMAL 
 
 501 
 
 HYSTEROLAPAROTOMY 
 
 of the hand over the metacarpal bone of 
 the little finger. Also, the prominences on 
 the palm at the base of the fingers. 
 
 Hypo thermal {hi-po-ther '-mat) [see Hypo- 
 thermia]. Slightly hot; tepid. 
 
 Hypothermia (hi-po iher'-me-ati) [hypo-; dippy, 
 heat]. Subnormal temperature. 
 
 Hypothyroidism (hi-po-thi' -roid-izm) . A mor- 
 bid condition attributed to deficient activity 
 of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Hypothyrosis (hi-po-thi-ro'-sis). Reduced 
 functional activity of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Hypotonia, Hypotonus (hi-po-to'-ne-ah, hi-pot'- 
 o-nus) [hypo-; tovoc, tension]. Decrease 
 of normal tonicity or tension; especially 
 diminution of intraocular pressure. 
 
 Hypotonic (hi-po-ton'-ik). Below the normal 
 strength or tension. # 
 
 Hypovenosity (hi- po-ven-os' -it-e) [hypo-; 
 venosus, venous]. A condition in which there 
 is incomplete development of the venous 
 system in a given area, resulting in atrophy 
 and degeneration in the muscles. 
 
 ! Hypoxanthin (hi - po- zan' - thin) [hypo-; 
 xanthin], C 5 H 4 N 4 0. A nonpoisonous leuko- 
 main. It occurs, accompanying adenin and 
 guanin, in nearly all the animal tissues and 
 organs rich in nucleated cells. In minute 
 quantities it is a normal constituent of urine. 
 It has also been found in plants, seeds, fer- 
 ments, and wines. It is a crystalline body, 
 soluble in cold and boiling water, insoluble 
 in cold alcohol or ether. Hypoxanthin ap- 
 pears to be one of the products formed by 
 the decomposition and successive oxidation 
 of proteid matter previous to the formation 
 of uric acid and urea. It is produced from 
 adenin by the action of nitrous acid. Syn., 
 Sarcin. H., Test for. See KosseVs Test for 
 Hypoxanthin. 
 
 Hyrtl's Sphincter. See Nelaton's Sphincter. 
 
 Hyssop (his'-op) [uoocotioc, an aromatic plant]. 
 The leaves and tops of Hyssopus officinalis, 
 an aromatic stimulant, carminative, and 
 tonic, employed in chronic catarrh of the 
 respiratory tract. Dose of the fluidextract 
 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Hyster-, Hystero-, (his-ter-, his-ter-o-) [oaxkpa, 
 uterus]. Prefixes signifying relation to the 
 uterus or to hysteria. 
 
 Hysteralgia (his - ter - aV - je - ah) [hyster-; 
 aXyoc, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the uterus. 
 
 Hysterectomy (his - ter - ek'- to - me) [hyster-; 
 ixroprj, a cutting out]. Excision of the 
 uterus through the abdomen (abdominal 
 hysterectomy) or the vagina (vaginal hys- 
 terectomy). 
 
 Hysteredema, Hysteroedema {his -ter-e- de'- 
 mah) [hyster-; o'idrjpa, edema]. Edema of 
 the womb-substance. 
 
 Hysteria (his-te' '-re-ah) [uorepa, womb, from 
 the ancient belief that the condition depended 
 upon uterine disease]. A diseased state of 
 the mind manifesting itself in countless dis- 
 turbances of the psychic, sensory, motor, 
 and vasomotor functions. The etiology is 
 not definitely known; heredity and mental 
 
 shock play an important part. All ages and 
 both sexes are subject to the disease, but it 
 is most- common in young women. The 
 psychic disturbances consist in increased 
 irritability, tendency to exaggeration, a 
 heightened imagination, hallucinations, and 
 somnambulistic and hypnotic states. Among 
 sensory symptoms are various neuralgias, as 
 clavus, hemicrania, and coccygodynia; an- 
 esthesias; hyperesthesias; diminution of the 
 visual field; diplopia; deafness; loss of the 
 sense of taste, etc. The motor symptoms 
 comprise paralyses and contractures of the 
 limbs, tremor, convulsions, catalepsy, apho- 
 nia, etc. The chief vasomotor phenomena 
 are cyanosis, cutaneous hemorrhages, and 
 edema. In addition to these symptoms many 
 others are at times noted, as anorexia, vomit- 
 ing, salivation, polyuria, anuria, etc. 
 
 Hysteric (his-ter' -ik) . Pertaining to hysteria. 
 
 Hysterics (his-ter' '-iks) . A popular term for 
 the hysteric attack. 
 
 Hysteritis (his-ter -V -tis) . See Metritis. 
 
 Hysterobubonocele (his - ter ~o- bu - bon'- o - set) 
 [hystero-; flouflujvofcfjXr], an inguinal hernia]. 
 An inguinal hysterocele. 
 
 Hysterocele (his'-ter-o-sel) [hystero-; ktjXt), her- 
 nia]. A hernia containing all or part of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Hysterocleisis (his - ter - o - Hi' - sis) [hystero-; 
 kXsIocc, closure]. The closure of the uterus 
 by suturing the edges of the os. 
 
 Hysterocystic {his -ter - - sist' - ik) [hystero-; 
 kuotcc, the bladder]. Relating to the uterus 
 and bladder. 
 
 Hysterocystocleisis (his -ter - - sist-o-kli' -sis) 
 [hystero-; kuotcc, bladder; kXs'cocc, clos- 
 ure]. Bozeman's operation for relief of 
 vesicouterovaginal fistula or for uterouterine 
 fistula, consisting in turning the cervix uteri 
 into the bladder and suturing it. 
 
 Hysterocystopexy (his -ter-o - sist' -o- peks-e). 
 See Ventrovesicofixation. 
 
 Hysterodynamometer (his-ter -o-din-am-om'- 
 et-er) [hystero-; duvapcc, power; pkxpov, a. 
 measure]. An apparatus to record the num- 
 ber, intensity, and variations of uterine con- 
 tractions. 
 
 Hysteroepilepsy (his-ter-o-ep' -e-lep-se) [hystero-; 
 epilepsy]. A form of hysteria accompanied 
 by convulsions resembling those of epilepsy. 
 
 Hysterogenic, Hysterogenous (his -ter-o - 
 jen'-ik, his-ter-o j'-en-us) [hystero-; fevvdv, to be- 
 get]. Causing or producing a hysteric attack, 
 as hysterogenic zones, certain regions pressure 
 upon which excites a hysteric paroxysm. 
 
 Hysteroid (his' -ter-oid) [hystero-; eldoc, like]. 
 1. Resembling hysteria. 2. Pertaining to 
 hysteroepilepsy. 
 
 Hysterokataphraxis (his-ter-o-kat-ah-fraks'-is) 
 [hvstero-; Kaxa<ppaKri)c, a coat of mail]. An 
 operation for including the uterus within 
 supporting metal structures as a medium of 
 replacement. 
 
 Hysterolaparotomy (his-ter-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) 
 [hystero-; ka~apa, the abdominal wall; zepveev, 
 to cut]. Abdominal hysterectomy. 
 
HYSTEROLYSIS 
 
 502 
 
 ICHTHYOCOLLA 
 
 Hysterolysis (his-ter-oV '-is-is) [hystero-; Xuecv, 
 to loose]. Severing the attachments of 
 the uterus. H„, Vaginal, the operation of 
 detachment of the uterus first from its pos- 
 terior adhesions and then from its anterior 
 adhesions by posterior and anterior colpot- 
 omy and concluding with vaginofixation. 
 
 Hysteroma (his-ter-o'-mah). A fibroid tumor 
 of the uterus. 
 
 Hysterometry (his- ter - om' -et- re) [hystero-; 
 fihpov, measure]. The measurement of the 
 size of the uterus. 
 
 Hysteromyomectomy (his-ter-o-mi-o-mek' - 
 to-me)- [hystero-; myoma; i/cxop.rj, excision]. 
 Removal of a fibroid uterus. 
 
 Hysteromyotomy (his -ter - o -mi-ot' - o-me) 
 [hystero-; fiuc, muscle; xkjivecv, to cut]. Incision 
 into the uterus for removal or enucleation 
 of a solid tumor. 
 
 Hysteroneurosis (his-ter-o-nu-ro' -sis) [hystero-; 
 neurosis]. A reflex neurosis resulting from 
 irritation of the uterus. 
 
 Hysteropathy (his - ter - op' - ath - e) [hystero-; 
 Ttadog, disease]. Any disease or disorder of 
 the uterus. 
 
 Hysteropexy (his' - ter - o - peks - e) [hystero-; 
 
 n-q^cg, a fastening]. Fixation of the uterus 
 by a surgical operation to correct displace- 
 ment. 
 
 Hysteroptosis (his - ter - o - to' - sis) [hystero-; 
 TiTtoacc, a falling]. Falling or inversion of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Hysterorrhaphy (his - ter -or' -a- Je) [hystero-; 
 pa(f)rj, suture]. i. The closure of a uterine 
 incision or rent by suture. 2. Hysteropexy. 
 
 Hysterosalpingooophorectomy (his-ter-o-sal- 
 pin-go-o-of-or-ek' -to-me). Excision of the 
 uterus, oviducts, and ovaries. 
 
 Hysteroscopy (his - ter - os' - ko - pe) [hystero-; 
 GKone'cv, to examine]. Inspection of the uterus. 
 
 Hysterotabetism (his - ter - - ta' - bet - izm). 
 Combined tabes and hysteria. 
 
 Hysterotomy (his - ter - of - - me) [hystero-; 
 Toptrj, a cutting]. Incision of the uterus. 
 
 Hysterotrachelorrhaphy (his ter-o-tra-kel-or' - 
 a-fe) [hystero-; xpa%f)\oc, neck; pa(f)rj, suture]. 
 A plastic operation for the restoration of a 
 lacerated cervix uteri. 
 
 Hystrichiasis (his-trik-i'-as-is) [uexpct;, a hedge- 
 hog]. A disease of the hair in which it 
 stands out stiffly like the spines of the hedge- 
 hog. 
 
 I. The symbol for iodin. 
 
 Iatraliptic (i-at-rah-lip'-tik) [caxpoc, physician; 
 dXecnxfjc, an anointer]. Curing by using 
 ointments and frictions. 
 
 Iatric (i-at'-rik) [caxp'.Koc, medical]. Pertain- 
 ing to the physician or to the science of medi- 
 cine. 
 
 Iatrochemic (i-at-ro-kem'-ik) [see Iatrochemis- 
 try]. Treating disease on the principles of 
 chemistry. 
 
 Iatro chemistry (i-at-ro-kem'-ist re) [caxpoc, 
 physician; if)p.eca, chemistry]. 1. The appli- 
 cation of chemistry to therapeutics; the 
 treatment of disease by chemic means. 2. 
 The theory that disease and its treatment 
 are explicable on a chemic basis. 
 
 Iatrophysics (i-at-ro-fiz'-iks) [caxpoc, physician; 
 4>uockoc, pertaining to nature]. 1. The treat- 
 ment of disease by physical measures. 2. The 
 theory that disease and its treatment are ex- 
 plicable on a materialistic or physical basis. 
 The materialistic explanation of disease ; 
 applied especially to an obsolete theory of the 
 seventeenth century that sought to explain phy- 
 siologic and therapeutic facts by means of the 
 principles of physics (dynamics and statics). 
 
 Iatrotechnics (i-at-ro-tek' -niks) [caxpoc, physi- 
 cian; xi%vr), art]. The art of healing. 
 
 Ice (is) [AS., is]. Water in its solid state, 
 which it assumes at a temperature of o° C, or 
 3 2 F. It is used externally in the form of 
 applications, and internally as a refrigerant 
 and to combat nausea. I. -bag, I. -cap, 
 I. -compress, measures for applying ice to 
 
 reduce temperature, to lessen inflammatory 
 action, to check hemorrhage, and to relieve 
 pain. 
 
 Iceland Moss (is' -land). See Cetraria (2). I. 
 Spar, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, 
 having doubly refracting properties, and used 
 in instruments for studying polarized light. 
 
 Ichor (i'-kor) [c/ojp, serum or pus]. An acrid, 
 thin, puriform discharge. 
 
 Ichorization (i-kor-iz-a'-shun) [ichor]. The 
 conversion of tissue into ichor. 
 
 Ichorous (i'-kor-us) [ichor]. Resembling or 
 relating to ichor. 
 
 Ichorrhemia (i-kor-e'-me-ah) [ichor; aljia, 
 blood]. The presence of septic matter in the 
 blood. 
 
 Ichthalbin (ik-thaV '-bin\ Ichthyol albuminate; 
 used in gastrointestinal diseases. Dose 15-30 
 gr. (1-2 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 
 Ichthargan (ik-thar'-gan). A combination of 
 silver and ichthyol-sulfonic acid containing 
 30 % of the former. It is used in acute gonor- 
 rhea in injections containing i-i| gr in 8 oz.; 
 irrigation with solutions of 1 : 4000-1 : 750. 
 
 Ichthoform (ik'-tho-form). Ichthyol formalde- 
 hyd; it is used as an intestinal disinfectant, 
 antiphlogistic, and as a vulnerary. Dose 15- 
 20 gr. ( 1. 0-1.3 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Ichthosin (ik'-tho-sin). A compound of ich- 
 thyol and eosin used in skin diseases. 
 
 Ichthyism (ik'-the-izm). See Ichthysmus. 
 
 Ichthyo- (ik-the-o-) [cxduc, fish]. A prefix mean- 
 ing fish. 
 
 Ichthyocolla (ik -the-o- koV - ah) [ichthyo-; 
 
ICHTHYOID 
 
 503 
 
 IDEATION 
 
 
 
 KoXXa, glue]. Isinglass. The air-bladder of 
 the sturgeon, Acipenser huso, occurring in 
 horny, translucent, white sheets that form a 
 jelly with hot water. It is a form of gelatin, 
 and is used as a food, for clarifying liquids, 
 and as a test for tannic acid. Unof. It 
 forms the basis of English court-plaster (em- 
 plastrum ichthyocollce) . 
 
 Ichthyoid (ik' -the-oid) [ichthyo-; eldoc, like]. 
 Fish-like. 
 
 Ichthyol (ik'-the-ol) [ichthyo-; oleum, oil], i. 
 The ammonium or sodium salt of a tarry 
 substance obtained in the distillation of a 
 bituminous mineral containing fossil fish. 
 The chemic formula is C 2S H 36 S 3 6 (HN 4 ) 2 , or 
 C2sH 36 S 3 6 Na 2 . It contains about 15% of 
 sulfur, and is used as an alterative and anti- 
 phlogistic, especially in eczema, acne, lupus, 
 and other dermal diseases. Internally it has 
 been employed in rheumatism, syphilis, 
 leprosy, tuberculosis, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.) in 24 hours. 2. Ammonium 
 ichthyol sulfonate, (NH 4 ) 2 C 28 H 3B S 3 6 , soluble 
 in water, glycerol, and a mixture of alcohol 
 and ether; freely miscible in oils. Dose as 
 alterative 3-10 min. (0.2-0.65 Gm.) 3 times 
 daily. Application, 5 to 50% ointment; 2% 
 solution in gonorrhea. I. Albuminate. See 
 Ichthalbin. I. Formaldehyd. See Ichtho- 
 jorm. I., Lithium, Li 2 C 28 H 36 S 3 6 , a dark- 
 brown mass used in 50% ointment. Syn., 
 Lithium ichthyol sulfonate. I., Sodium. See 
 Ichthyol (1). I., Zinc, zinc ichthyol sulfo- 
 nate, a black, tarry mass, used in injections. 
 
 Ichthyophagous (ik-the-oj'-ag-us) [ichthyo-; 
 fiafslv, to eat]. Fish-eating. 
 
 Ichthyosis (ik - the - o' - sis) \lydug, fish]. A 
 chronic skin disease characterized by the 
 development of epidermal plates somewhat 
 resembling the scales of a fish. I. hystrix, 
 a form characterized by warty growths, con- 
 sisting of elongated and hypertrophied 
 papillas, covered by greatly thickened epider- 
 mis. I. simplex, the common form of ich- 
 thyosis, in which the surface has a tessellated 
 appearance, from being covered with large, 
 finely corrugated, papery scales. 
 
 Ichthyotoxicon (ik-the-o'-toks' -ik-on) [ichthyo-; 
 rosoiov, poison]. 1. The toxin present in the 
 serum of certain fishes, as in that of the eel. 
 2. A general term for the active agent in 
 poisoning by eating fish. 
 
 Ichthyotoxin (ik-the-o-toks' -in) . A basic poison 
 generated in fish by growth of bacteria or 
 fungi. 
 
 Ichthysmus (ik-thiz' -mus) [r/duc, fish]. Poison- 
 ing due to the absorption of mytilotoxin from 
 fish. 
 
 Ichtol (ik'-tol). A proprietary mixture said 
 to consist of lanolin, iodoform, glycerol, phe- 
 nol, oil of lavender, and oil of eucalyptus, used 
 in skin diseases. 
 
 Icing-liver. Chronic perihepatitis resulting 
 in the formation of an exudate resembling 
 the icing on a cake. 
 
 Icterencephalotyphus (ik-ter-en-sef-al-o-ti' -fits) 
 [icterus; efuk^aXoc, the brain; xucfroc, typhus]. 
 
 Typhoid fever with marked cerebral symptoms 
 combined with jaundice. 
 
 Icterepatitis (ik-ter-ep-a-ti' -tis) [icterus; fjxap, 
 liver; ixcc, inflammation] Inflammation of 
 the liver with jaundice. 
 
 Icteric (ik-ter'-ik) [icterus]. Pertaining to or 
 characterized by jaundice. 
 
 Icteritious (ik-ter-ish' -us) [icterus]. 1. Af- 
 fected with or resembling icterus. 2. Yellow, 
 as the skin in jaundice. 
 
 Icterohematuria (ik-ter-o-hem-at-u'-re-ah) [ic- 
 terus; hematuria]. Jaundice with hematuria. 
 
 Icterohemoglobinuria (ik-ter-o-hem-o-glo-bin- 
 u'-re-ah). Combined icterus and hemoglo- 
 binuria. 
 
 Icteroid (ik f -ter-oid) [icterus; eldoc, form]. 
 Resembling the color of, or having the nature 
 of, jaundice. 
 
 Icterus (ik'-ter-us) ['cn-epoc, jaundice]. Jaun- 
 dice. I., Acholuric, a condition characterized 
 by more or less pigmentation of the skin in 
 certain areas or over the whole surface, ab- 
 sence of bile-pigments in the urine and their 
 presence in the blood-serum. I., Diffusion, 
 that due to the hepatic cells having lost their 
 power of holding back the bile, which conse- 
 quently diffuses into the fluids of the body. 
 I. febrilis. See Weil's Disease. I. gravis, 
 acute yellow atrophy of the liver, an acute 
 disease characterized by jaundice, marked 
 nervous symptoms, diminution in size of the 
 liver, and a rapidly fatal termination. The 
 urine contains bile and crystals of leucin and 
 tyrosin. Microscopically, the liver shows 
 intense fatty degeneration of the cells, to- 
 gether with areas of congestion. The disease 
 is most common in women, is in many cases 
 associated with pregnancy, and is probably 
 infectious in origin. A similar condition of 
 the liver may occur in phosphorus-poisoning. 
 
 1. neonatorum, that which is sometimes 
 observed in infants during the first few days 
 after birth. The causes are obscure, par- 
 ticularly in the mild form; it may be due to 
 the absorption of biliary pigment from the 
 meconium and its entrance into the circula- 
 tion through an open ductus venosus; a 
 severe form is due to absence of the large 
 bile-ducts or to septic infection. I., Pan- 
 creatic. 1. A condition arising from stenosis 
 of the pancreatic duct, when the system be- 
 comes deluged with pancreatic secretions. 
 
 2. That which results from removal of the 
 pancreas. 
 
 Ictus (ik'-tus) [L., "a stroke"]. A sudden at- 
 tack. I. epilepticus, an epileptic fit. I., 
 Laryngeal, an apoplectiform attack occur- 
 ring during a severe paroxysm of coughing 
 and passing off in a few seconds. I. para- 
 lyticus, a paralytic stroke. I. solis, sun- 
 stroke. 
 
 -id. A suffix used in chemistry to denote a 
 combination of two elementary substances. 
 
 Ideation (i-de-a'-shun) [Idea, form or sem- 
 blance]. The formation of a mental con- 
 ception; the cerebral action by which, or in 
 accord with which, an idea is formed. 
 
IDENTICAL 
 
 504 
 
 IGNATIA 
 
 Identical (i-den' -tik-al) [idem, the same]. 
 Being the same; corresponding exactly. I. 
 Points, corresponding points of the two 
 retinas, upon which the rays from an object 
 - must be focused in order that it may be seen 
 as one. 
 
 Identification (i-den- tif-ik-a' -shun) [see Iden- 
 tical]. A method of so describing and regis- 
 tering a person by certain physical peculiari- 
 ties that he or his body may be identified. 
 I., Anthropometric. See /., Bertillon 
 System of. I., Bertillon (Alphonse) Sys- 
 tem of, consists in the use of those meas- 
 urements which depend on skeletal parts 
 remaining practically unchanged after adult 
 life is reached. Syn., Anthropometric identi- 
 fication. I., Galton System of, is based 
 upon imprints of the epidermic patterns 
 found upon the balls of the thumbs and 
 fingers. The records used are the printed 
 impressions of the ten digits placed in definite 
 order upon a card. I., Palm and Sole 
 System of, an extension of the Galton system 
 to the palmar and plantar surfaces. 
 
 Ideoglandular (i-de-o-glan'-du-lar). Relating 
 to glandular activity as evoked by a mental 
 concept. 
 
 Ideometabolic (i-de-o-met-ab-ol'-ik). Relating 
 to metabolic action induced by some idea. 
 
 Ideomotor (i-de-o-mo' -tor) [idea; movere, to 
 move]. Pertaining conjointly to ideation 
 and movement. I. Center, that part of the 
 cortex which, influenced by ideation, excites 
 muscular movement. I. Movements, un- 
 conscious movements due to impulses of the 
 mind when the attention is otherwise ab- 
 sorbed. 
 
 Ideomuscular (i-de-o-mus' -ku-lar). Relating 
 to influence exerted upon the muscular sys- 
 tem by a mental concept. 
 
 Ideophrenia (i-de-o-fre'-ne-ah) [idea; cpprjv, 
 mind]. Insanity with marked perversion of 
 ideas. 
 
 Ideovascular (i-de-o-vas' '-ku-lar) . Relating to 
 a vascular change resulting from a dominant 
 idea. 
 
 Idio- (id-e-o-) ['cdtoc, one's own]. A prefix 
 signifying pertaining to one's self, peculiar 
 to the individual. 
 
 Idiocrasia, Idiocrasis (id-e-o-kra' -ze-ah, -kra'- 
 sis) [idio-; upaocc, temperament]. Idiosyn- 
 crasy. 
 
 Idiocratic (id-e-o-krat'-ik). Relating to an 
 idiosyncrasy. 
 
 Idiocy (id'-e-o-se) [cdcoorqc, a private person]. 
 A congenital condition of mental deficiency, 
 usually accompanied by physical defects, and 
 characterized by an almost total absence of 
 intelligence. 
 
 Idiogenesis (id-e-o- jen'-e-sis) [idio-; ytvvav, to 
 produce]. The origin of idiopathic diseases. 
 
 Idioheteroagglutinin (id-e-o-het-er-o-ag-glu'- 
 tin-in) [idio-; ezspog, other; agglutinin]. An 
 agglutinin in normal blood having the 
 property of agglutinating foreign cells and 
 the blood-corpuscles of other species of 
 animals. 
 
 Idioheterolysin (id-e-o-hel-er-ol'-is-in) [idio-; 
 erepoc, other; Xuecv, to loose]. A lysin in 
 normal blood capable of dissolving foreign 
 cells and the blood-corpuscle of another spe- 
 cies of animal. 
 
 Idiohypnotism (id - e-o - hip'- no - tizm) . Self- 
 induced hypnotism. 
 
 Idioisoagglutinin (id-e-o- is- o-ag-lu' -tin-in) 
 [idio-; 'iooc, equal; agglutinin]. An inborn 
 nonhereditary substance present in normal 
 blood, due to interchangeable immunization 
 between mother and fetus. 
 
 Idioisolysin (id-e-o-is-oV -is-in) [idio-; isolysin]. 
 An inborn, nonhereditary isolysin due to an 
 interchangeable immunization between mother 
 and fetus. 
 
 Idiomuscular (id-e-o-mus' -ku-lar) [idio-; mus- 
 culus, muscle]. Peculiar to muscular tissue; 
 not involving any nerve-stimulus or any 
 function of the organism except those of 
 the muscle itself. I. Contraction, the con- 
 traction of a fatigued or weakened muscle 
 under certain conditions of extraneous stim- 
 ulus. 
 
 Idioneurosis (id-e-o-nu-ro' -sis) [idio-; neurosis]. 
 An affection due to some disturbed or ab- 
 normal condition of the nerves supplying the 
 affected part; a simple and uncomplicated 
 neurosis. 
 
 Idiopathic (id-e-o-path' -ik) [idio-; nadog, dis- 
 ease]. Not dependent upon another disease 
 or upon a known or recognized cause. 
 
 Idiophrenic (id-e-o-fren'-ik) [idio-; (fipyv, mind]. 
 Due to disease of the brain; applied to cer- 
 tain forms of insanity. 
 
 Idioplasm (id'-e-o-plazm) [idio-; nXaopa, a 
 thing formed]. A reproductive substance 
 not contained in the body of the cell, but 
 in the chromosomes of the nucleus, controlling 
 and determining the actual characters of the 
 particular cell, and also those of all of its 
 descendants. 
 
 Idiospasm (id'-e-o-spazm) [idio-; oizaop.bg, 
 spasm]. A spasm confined to one part. 
 
 Idiosyncrasy (id-e-o-sin' -kra-se) [idio-; ouv, 
 together; Kpdocc, a mingling], i. Any special 
 or peculiar characteristic or temperament by 
 which a person differs from other persons. 
 2. A peculiarity of constitution that makes an 
 individual react differently from most persons 
 to drugs or other influences. 
 
 Idiot (id'-e-ot) [cdcdjxrjc, a private person]. A 
 person congenitally almost destitute of intel- 
 ligence. 
 
 Idiotopy (id-e-ot'-op-e) [idio-; xbitog, place]. 
 Topographic description pertaining to the 
 relation of different parts of the same organ. 
 
 Idrosis (id-ro'-sis). See Hidrosis. 
 
 Igazol (ig'-az-ol). A proprietary gaseous anti- 
 septic said to contain iodoform and form- 
 aldehyd. It is used in tuberculosis. 
 
 Ignatia (ig-na'-she-ah) [from Ignatius Loyola, 
 the founder of the Jesuits]. St. Ignatius' 
 bean. The seed of Strychnos ignatii, con- 
 taining the alkaloids strychnin and brucin. 
 Its therapeutic effects are similar to those of 
 nux vomica. Dose of the abstract §-i gr. 
 
IGNIEXTIRPATION 
 
 505 
 
 ILLAQUEATION 
 
 (0.032-0.065 Gm.); of the tincture 2-10 min. 
 (0.13-0.65 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Igniextirpation {ig-ne-eks-ter-pa' -shun) [ignis; 
 extirpate, to root out]. Hysterectomy by 
 cauterization. 
 
 Ignipedites (ig-ne-ped-i' '-tez) [ignis; pes, foot]. 
 Hot-foot; a disorder marked by an intense 
 burning sensation in the soles of the feet. 
 
 Ignipuncture {ig'-ne-punk-tur) [ignis; punc- 
 tura, puncture]. Puncture with platinum 
 needles heated to whiteness by the electric 
 current. 
 
 Ignis (ig'-nis) [L.]. Fire. I. sacer, erysipelas. 
 I. sancti antonii, Saint Anthony's fire, an 
 old name for erysipelas and for anthrax. 
 
 Ikota {ik-o'-tah). A religious mania occurring 
 among women in Siberia. 
 
 Ileac {il'-e-ak) [ileum]. Pertaining to the ileum. 
 I. Passion, a disorder marked by severe 
 griping pain, fecal vomiting, with spasm of 
 the abdominal muscles. Syn., Ileus. 
 
 Ileectomy {il-e-ek' -to-me) [ileum; iiczofir], a 
 cutting out]. ■ Excision of the ileum. 
 
 Ileitis {il-e-i'-tis) [ileum; czcc, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the ileum. 
 
 Ileo- {il-e-o-). A prefix signifying relation to 
 the ileum. 
 
 Ileocecal {il-e-o-se' -kal) [ileo-; cecum]. Per- 
 taining to both ileum and cecum. I. 
 Fossa, a depression in the lower, part of the 
 small intestine at the base of the vermiform 
 process. I. Valve, a valve, consisting of 
 two folds of mucosa, that guards the passage 
 between the ileum and cecum. 
 
 Ileocecum {il-e-o-se' -kum) . The ileum and 
 cecum regarded as one. 
 
 Ileocolic {il-e-o -kol' -ik) [ileo-; colon]. Per- 
 taining conjointly to the ileum and the 
 colon. 
 
 Ileocolitis {il-e-o-ko-li'-tis) [ileo-; colon; czcc, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the ileum 
 and the colon. 
 
 Ileocolonic {il-e-o-kol-on'-ik). See Ileocolic. 
 
 Ileocolostomy {il-e-o-ko-los' -to-me) [ileo-; 
 colon; azdfia, mouth]. The establishment of 
 an artificial communication between the ileum 
 and the colon. 
 
 Ileocolotomy {il-e-o-ko-lot' -o-me) [ileo-; colon; 
 zkfivecv, to cut]. A surgical operation on the 
 ileum and colon. 
 
 Ileoileostomy {il-e-o - il-e-os'-to - me) [ileo-; 
 ozdfxa, mouth]. The operation of establishing 
 an artificial communication between two dif- 
 ferent parts of the ileum. 
 
 Ileoparietal {il-e-o- par-i' '-et-al) . Relating to 
 the walls of the ileum. 
 
 Ileoproctostomy {il-e-o-prok-tos' -to-me) [ileo-; 
 ■k piDKzbc, rectum; ozb\m, mouth]. The surgical 
 formation of a fistula between the ileum and 
 rectum. 
 
 Ileorectostomy {il-e-o-rek-tos f -to-me) . See Ileo- 
 proctostomy. 
 
 Ileosigmoidostomy {il-e-o-sig-moid-os' -to-me) . 
 The surgical formation of a fistula between 
 the ileum and sigmoid flexure. 
 
 Ileostomy {il-e-o s' '-to-me) [ileo-; azdfia, mouth]. 
 The surgical formation of a passage through 
 
 the abdominal wall into the ileum, or from 
 the ileum to some other hollow organ. 
 
 Ileotomy {il-e-ot' -o-me) [ileo-; zifivecv, to cut]. 
 Incision of the ileum through the abdominal 
 wall. 
 
 Ileum {il'-e-um) [e'cXecv, to roll]. The lower 
 portion of the small intestine, terminating in 
 the cecum. 
 
 Ileus {il'-e-us) [cXcbc, a severe kind of colic]. 
 Ileac passion; volvulus. 
 
 Iliac {il'-e-ak) [ilium]. Pertaining to the ilium 
 or to the flanks. I. Artery. See under Artery. 
 I. Crest, the upper free margin of the ilium to 
 which the abdominal muscles are attached. I. 
 Fascia, the fascia lining the posterior part of 
 the abdominal cavity and covering the psoas 
 and iliacus muscles. I. Fossa. See Fossa, 
 Iliac. I. Muscle. See Iliacus under Muscle. I. 
 Region, the region external to the hypogastric 
 region. See Abdomen. 
 
 Iliadelphus {il-e-ad-el' -}us) [ilia; doeXcf)6c, 
 brother]. A monstrosity double from the 
 pelvis upward. 
 
 Ilio- {il-e-o-). A prefix denoting relation to 
 the ilium. 
 
 Iliocolotomy {il-e-o-ko-lot' -o-me) [ilio-; colon; 
 zojj.rj, a cutting]. Incision of the colon in the 
 iliac region. 
 
 Iliodorsal {il-e-o-dor' -sal) [ilio-; dorsum, the 
 back]. Relating to the dorsal surface of the 
 ilium. 
 
 Iliofemoral {il-e-o-}em f -or-al) [ilio-; femur]. 
 Pertaining conjointly to the ilium and the 
 femur. I. Ligament. See Ligament, Ileo- 
 jemoral. 
 
 Iliohypogastric {il-e-o - hi - po - gas' - trik) 
 [ilio-; hypogastric]. Pertaining conjointly to 
 the ilium and the hypogastrium. 
 
 Ilioinguinal {il-e-o-in' -gwi-nal) [ilio-; inguen, 
 groin]. 1. Pertaining to the ilium and the 
 groin. 2. Lying partly within the iliac and 
 partly within the inguinal region. 
 
 Iliolumbocostoabdominal {il-e-o-lum-bo-kos- 
 to-db-dom' -in-al) . Pertaining to the iliac, 
 lumbar, costal, and abdominal regions. 
 
 Iliopectineal {il-e-o-pek-tin' -e-al) [ilio-; pecten, 
 comb]. Pertaining conjointly to the ilium and 
 the pubes. I. Line. See Line, Iliopectineal. 
 
 Iliopsoas {il-e-o-so'-as) [ilio-; <ftoa, loin]. Per- 
 taining conjointly to the ilium and the loins. 
 I. Muscle, the psoas and iliacus muscles 
 considered as a single muscle. 
 
 Iliosciatic {il-e-o-si-at'-ik). Relating to the 
 ilium and the sacrosciatic notch. 
 
 Iliotibial {il-e-o-tib'-e-al) [ilio-; tibia]. Per- 
 taining to or connecting the ilium and the 
 tibia. I. Band, a thickened portion of the 
 fascia lata extending from the outer tuberosity 
 of the tibia to the iliac crest. 
 
 Ilium {il'-e-um) [L.]. 1. The flank. 2. The 
 superior broad portion of the os innominatum, 
 properly the os ilii. 
 
 Illaqueation {il-ak-we-a' -shun) [illaqueare, to 
 insnare]. A method of changing the direction 
 of misplaced cilia by withdrawing them by 
 means of a loop through an opening in the 
 tissue of the lid. 
 
ILLICIUM 
 
 506 
 
 IMMUNITY 
 
 Illicium (il - is' - e - um) [illicere, to entice]. 
 Star-anise. The fruit of Illicium verum or 
 Illicium anisatum, of the natural order 
 Magnoliacece. It is the source of star-anise. 
 
 1. religiosum and /. parviflorum are poison- 
 ous. 
 
 Illumination (il-u-min-a 1 'shun) [illuminate, 
 to make light], i. The act of illuminating 
 or lighting up. 2. The quantity of light 
 thrown on an object. I., Central, in micros- 
 copy, an illumination produced by the rays 
 of light reflected from the mirror passing 
 perpendicularly through the object on the 
 stage. I., Critical, in microscopy, an illumin- 
 ation in which the lamp-flame is focused on 
 the object. I., Direct, illumination of an 
 object by light thrown upon it from in front. 
 I., Lateral. See /., Oblique. I., Oblique, 
 illumination of an object by throwing light 
 upon it obliquely, usually by means of a 
 lens. 
 
 Illuminator, Abbe's. See Abbe's Condenser 
 
 Illusion (il - u' - zhun) [illusio, a mocking]. 
 A false interpretation by the mind of a real 
 sensation. 
 
 Illusional (il-u f -zhun-al) . Of the nature of an 
 illusion. 
 
 Image (im'-aj) [imago, a likeness]. 1. A more 
 or less accurate representation of an object. 
 
 2. The picture of an object formed by rays 
 of light reflected, refracted, or passed through 
 a small aperture. I.s, After-. See After- 
 images. I., Direct, I., Erect, a picture ob- 
 tained from rays that have not yet come to 
 a focus. I., Inverted, one turned upside 
 down. Nearly all real images are inverted. 
 I., Real, that formed at the place where the 
 rays meet. I., Virtual, an apparent image 
 formed in the direction in which the rays 
 enter the eye, the rays not actually converging 
 at the point where the image is seen. The 
 images formed by plane or convex mirrors 
 and by concave lenses, when the object is 
 placed within the principal focus, are virtual. 
 
 Imbecility (im-bes-il' -it-e) [imbecillitas, weak- 
 ness]. Mental weakness, similar to but less 
 marked than that of idiocy. 
 
 Imbed (im-bed'). See Embed. 
 
 Imbedding. See Embedding. 
 
 Imbibition (im-bi-bish' -un) [in, in; bibere, 
 to drink]. The act of sucking up moisture. 
 
 Imbricated (im f -brik-a-ted) [imbrex, a tile]. 
 Overlapping, like shingles or tiles on a roof. 
 
 Imid, Imide (im'-id). Any compound of the 
 radicle NH united to a divalent acid radicle. 
 
 Imidiod (im-id' -e-od) . Glossy crystals obtained 
 by interaction of paraethoxyphenyl succini- 
 mid, iodin, and potassium iodid in the pres- 
 ence of acetic acid; it is used as a wound 
 antiseptic. 
 
 Imidoxanthin (im-id-o-zan' -thin) . See Guanin. 
 
 Imlach's Fat-plug. A mass of yellowish fat 
 frequently found at the mesial angle of the 
 external inguinal ring, for which it consti- 
 tutes a landmark during operations. 
 
 Immature (im-at-ur') [in, not; maturus, ripe]. 
 Unripe ; not yet of an adult age or growth. 
 
 Immediate (im-e'-de-dt) [in, not; mediatus, 
 mediate]. Direct; without the intervention 
 of anything. I. Contagion, that from a 
 direct source. I. Union, union by first in- 
 tention. 
 
 Immersion (im-er 1 'shun) [in, in; merger e, to 
 dip]. The plunging of a body into a liquid. 
 I.-bath, a plunge-bath. I. -lens, a lens, usu- 
 ally of high power, the lower end of which 
 is immersed in a drop of some liquid, such 
 as water or oil, that has nearly the same re- 
 fractive index as glass, and is placed on the 
 cover-glass of the object under examination. 
 
 Imminence (im'-in-ens) [imminere, to over- 
 hang]. An impending or menacing. I., 
 Morbid, the period immediately preceding 
 the incubation stage of a disease. 
 
 Immiscible (im-is' -ib-l) [in, not; miscere, to 
 mix]. Not capable of being mixed. 
 
 Immobilization (im-o-bil-iz-a' shun) [in, not; 
 mover e, to move]. The act of making firm 
 or of rendering motionless, as immobilization 
 of a joint. 
 
 Immune (im-un') [in, not; munis, serving]. 
 Safe from attack; protected against a disease 
 by a natural or an acquired peculiarity. I. 
 Body. See Body, Immune. I. Proteids, 
 substances resulting from combination in the 
 living body of the enzyms of pathogenic 
 bacteria with certain albuminous bodies, 
 probably those derived from the leukocytes. 
 
 Immunity (im-u' -nit-e) [see Immune]. Ex- 
 emption from disease; the condition of the 
 body wherein it resists the development of 
 morbid processes. See Law, Behring J s. 
 I., Acquired. See /., Active. I., Active, 
 that possessed by an individual after re- 
 covering from certain infectious diseases; 
 or that induced by direct treatment with 
 filtered or unfiltered cultures resulting in the 
 production in the body of antibacterial or 
 antitoxic substances. I., Antitoxic, immunity 
 against toxins. I., Congenital, I., Natural, 
 that with which the individual is born. I., 
 Passive, that conferred by the introduction 
 of antitoxins or vaccines. I., Theory of, 
 Buchner's Humoral, this supposes that a re- 
 active change has been brought about in the 
 integral cells of the body by the primary 
 affection from which there has been recovery, 
 and this change is protective' against similar 
 invasions of the same organism. I., Theory 
 of, Chauveau's Retention, proposed that 
 bacteria, instead of removing certain essential 
 food-principles from the body, left within 
 the body certain excretory products, and that 
 the accumulation of these products tended 
 to prevent the subsequent invasion of the 
 same species of bacteria. I., Theory of, 
 Ehrlich's Side-chain, considers the indi- 
 vidual cells of the body analogous in a certain 
 sense to complex organic substances, and 
 that they consist essentially of a central 
 nucleus to which secondary atom-groups 
 having distinct physiologic functions are 
 attached by side-chains such as chemists 
 represent . in their attempts to illustrate the 
 
IMMUNIZATION 
 
 507 
 
 IMPRESSIO 
 
 reactions which occur in the building up or 
 pulling down of complex organic substances. 
 The cell-equilibrium is supposed to be dis- 
 turbed by injury to any of the physiologic 
 atom-groups, as by a toxin, and this disturb- 
 ance results in an effort at compensatory 
 repair during which plastic material in excess 
 of the amount required is generated and finds 
 its way into the blood. This Ehrlich regards 
 as the antitoxin which is capable of neutraliz- 
 ing the particular toxin to which it owes its 
 origin, if this is subsequently introduced into 
 the blood. In this theory a specific combining 
 relation is assumed to exist between various 
 toxic substances and the secondary atom- 
 groups of certain cellular elements of the 
 body. The atom-groups which, in accordance 
 with this theory, combine with the toxin of 
 any particular disease-germ Ehrlich calls 
 the toxiphoric side-chain. I., Theory of, 
 Emmerich and Low's, based upon the 
 conclusion that many bacteria generate en- 
 zyms capable of digesting the organism by 
 which they were generated and sometimes 
 other organisms as well. I., Theory of, 
 Exhaustion Hypothesis, Pasteur's theory 
 that immunity often afforded to the tissues 
 by an attack of infection or following vacci- 
 nation against infection is due to an abstrac- 
 tion from the tissues by the organism con- 
 cerned in the primary attack of something 
 necessary to the growth of the infecting 
 organism. It is opposed to the retention 
 theory of Chauveau. I., Theory of, Lateral 
 Bond. See /., Theory of, Ehrlich's Side- 
 chain. I., Theory of, Metchnikoff's Phago- 
 cytic. See under Metchnikoff. 
 
 Immunization {im-u-niz-a' -shun) [see Im- 
 mune]. The act of rendering immune. I., 
 Haffkine's Method of (against cholera), 
 consists in the injection of a definite quantity 
 of sterilized culture; 5 days later a small 
 dose, and in 5 days more a larger dose, of 
 the living virulent culture. 
 
 Immunize {im'-u-niz). To give immunity. 
 
 Immunizing Unit. See Unit, Serum-. 
 
 Immunotoxin {im-u-no-toks'-in). Any anti- 
 toxin. 
 
 Impact (im'-pakt) [impingere, to drive into or 
 against]. A forcible striking against. 
 
 Impacted {im-pak' -ted). Driven against and 
 retained, as a wedge. I. Fracture. See 
 Fracture, Impacted. 
 
 Impaction {im-pak 'shun) [see Impact]. The 
 state of being impacted or fixed in a part, 
 as impaction of the feces or impaction of a 
 fragment of bone into another fragment. 
 
 Impalpable {im-pal' -pa-bl) [in, not; palpare, 
 to feel]. Not capable of being felt; unappre- 
 ciable by touch. I. Powder, a powder so 
 fine that its separate particles cannot be felt. 
 
 Impaludism {im-pal' -u-dizm) [in, in; palus, 
 a marsh]. Chronic malarial poisoning. 
 
 Impar {im'-par) [in, not; par, equal]. Odd 
 or unequal, or without a fellow. I., Gan- 
 glion, a small ganglion on the coccyx. 
 
 Imperative {im-per 1 '-at-iv) [imperare, to com- 
 
 mand]. Peremptory; absolute; compulsory; 
 binding. I. Conception, a conception or 
 thought that dominates the actions of an 
 individual, although the falsity of the con- 
 ception may be recognized. 
 
 Imperforate {im-per' -for-at) [in, not; per for are, 
 to pierce]. Without opening; not open or 
 pervious, as imperforate anus. 
 
 Impermeable {im-per' -me-a-U) [in, not; per, 
 through; meare, to go]. Not permitting 
 passage; not capable of being traversed. 
 
 Impervious {im-per' -ve-us) [in, not; pervius, 
 capable of passage]. Not permitting passage, 
 especially passage of fluids. 
 
 Impetiginous {im-pet-if -in-us) [impetigo]. 
 Affected with or resembling impetigo. 
 
 Impetigo {im-pet-i' -go) [impetere, to attack]. 
 An acute inflammatory disease of the skin 
 characterized by discrete, rounded pustules, 
 unattended, as a rule, by itching or other 
 subjective symptoms. I. adenosa, an acute 
 contagious, febrile, cutaneous disease charac- 
 terized by glistening pustules containing a 
 yellow fluid and surrounded by a bright yel- 
 low zone. It is attended by pain in the 
 joints, protracted vomiting, chills, and en- 
 larged lymph-glands. I. contagiosa, an 
 acute inflammatory contagious disease, char- 
 acterized by the appearance of vesicles or 
 blebs that dry into flat, straw-colored crusts. 
 
 1. herpetiformis, a rare disease of the skin, 
 characterized by the formation of superficial 
 miliary pustules that may be discrete, but 
 tend to form circular groups. It is most 
 common in pregnant women. I. syphilitica, 
 a syphilitic eruption having the characters 
 of small flat pustules. I. variolosa, that 
 occurring among the pustules of smallpox 
 when they are drying up. 
 
 Implacental {im-pla-sen' -tal) [in, not; placenta]. 
 Without a placenta. 
 
 Implantation {im - plan - ta' - shun) [in, in; 
 plantare, to set]. The act of setting in, as 
 the transplantation of a tooth from the jaw of 
 one person to that of another; the ingrafting 
 of epidermis from the skin of one person upon 
 the body of another; the repair of a wounded 
 intestine by uniting the divided ends. I., 
 Hypodermatic, the introduction of a medi- 
 cine under the skin. I., Teratologic, a mon- 
 strosity consisting of an imperfect, joined 
 to a perfect, fetus. 
 
 Imponderable {im - pon' - der -a-bl) [in, not ; 
 pondus, weight]. Incapable of being weighed; 
 without weight. I. Fluids, an obsolete term, 
 formerly applied to light, heat, and electricity. 
 
 Impotence {im'-po-tens) [in, not; potens, 
 powerful]. Lack of power, especially lack of 
 sexual power in the man. 
 
 Impregnate {im-preg'-nat) [impregnare, to 
 make pregnant]. 1. To render pregnant. 
 
 2. To saturate or charge with. 
 Impregnation {im-preg-na' -shun) [see Im- 
 pregnate]. 1. The act of rendering pregnant; 
 fecundation. 2. The process of saturating 
 with or charging with. 
 
 Impressio {im-presh'-e-o) [L.]. An impression. 
 
IMPRESSION 
 
 508 
 
 INCISURE 
 
 I. colica, an impression on the under surface 
 of the right lobe of the liver for the hepatic 
 flexure of the colon. I. renalis, an impression 
 on the under surface of the liver for the right 
 kidney and suprarenal capsule. 
 
 Impression {im-presh' -un) [imprimere, to press 
 upon], i. A hollow or depression. 2. The 
 effect produced upon the mind, the body, 
 or a disease by external influence. I.s, 
 Digital, small roundish pits on the inner 
 surface of the bones of the skull. Syn., 
 Impressiones digit at ce. I.s, Maternal, the 
 effects produced upon the fetus in the uterus by 
 mental impressions received by the mother 
 during pregnancy. I. -preparation, a cover- 
 glass upon which an entire bacterial colony 
 has been fixed by pressing the glass lightly 
 upon the colony. Syn., Klatschpraparat. 
 
 Improcreance (im-pro' -kre-ans) [in, priv.; 
 procreare, to beget]. The natural or acquired 
 condition of being unable to procreate, e. g., 
 as a woman after the menopause or one 
 whose ovaries have been removed, or a man 
 without spermatozoa. 
 
 Improcreant (im-pro' -kre-ant). Incapable of 
 procreating. 
 
 Impulse (im'-puls) [impeller e, to drive against]. 
 
 1. A push or communicated force. 2. A 
 sudden mental feeling that urges onward to 
 an action. I., Cardiac, the beat of the heart 
 felt in the fifth intercostal space to the left 
 of the sternum. I., Morbid, a sudden, almost 
 uncontrollable desire to do some unlawful or 
 improper act. 
 
 Impunctate (im-punk'-tat) [in, not; punctate]. 
 
 Not pricked with dots; not punctate. 
 In- [L.]. 1. A prefix signifying in or within 
 
 2. A prefix signifying negation. 
 Inacidity (in-as-id'-it-e) [in-; acidity]. Want 
 
 of acidity; applied to deficiency of hydrochloric 
 acid in the gastric juice. 
 
 Inadequacy (in-ad'-e-kwa-se) [in-; adcsquare, 
 to make equal]. Insufficiency. I., Renal, 
 that state of the kidney in which it is unable 
 to remove from the blood a sufficient pro- 
 portion of the effete matters that are normally 
 excreted by it. 
 
 Inalimental (in-al-im-en'-tal) [in-; alimentum, 
 food]. Not nourishing. 
 
 Inangulate (in-ang'-u-ldt). Having no angles. 
 
 Inanimate (in-an'-im-at) [in-; animus, life]. 
 Not animate; dead; without life. 
 
 Inanition (in-an-ish 1 '-un) [inanire, to make 
 empty]. Emptiness; want of food; wasting 
 of the body from starvation. 
 
 Inappetence (in-ap' -et-ens) [in-; appetere, to 
 desire]. Loss of appetite. 
 
 Inarticulate (in-ar-tik' -u-lat) [in-; articulus, a 
 joint]. Not jointed or articulated; especially 
 applied to vocal sounds not arranged into 
 syllables. 
 
 In articulo mortis (in ar-tik'-u-lo mor'-tis). 
 See Articulo mortis, In. 
 
 Inassimilable (in-as-im' -il-a-bV) [in-; ad, to; 
 similar e, to make like]. Incapable of as- 
 similation. 
 
 Inaxon, Inaxone (in-aks'-on) ["c, fiber; a$cov, 
 
 axis]. A neuron with a long axon; its axis- 
 cylinder processes for the most part are 
 inclosed within a sheath. 
 
 Inca Bone. The interparietal bone. Syn., 
 Incarial bone. 
 
 Incanate, Incanous (in'-kan-dt, in'-kan-us) 
 [incanus, hoary]. Hoary white. 
 
 Incandescent (in-kan-des'-ent) [incandescere, 
 to become white-hot]. Glowing; emitting 
 luminous heat-rays; heated to the degree 
 of emitting light. I. Light, one in which 
 light is produced by the passage of an elec- 
 tric eurrent through a strip of carbon or 
 platinum suspended in a vacuum. 
 
 Incarcerated (in-kar' '-ser-a-ted) [incarcerare, to 
 imprison]. Imprisoned; held fast, as incar- 
 cerated hernia. 
 
 Incarceration (in-kar-ser-a'-shun). The im- 
 prisonment of a part, as of the placenta. 
 
 Incarnant (in-kam'-ant) [incarnare, to make 
 flesh]. 1. Flesh-forming; promoting granu- 
 lation. 2. A remedy or agent which pro- 
 duces flesh or promotes granulation. 
 
 Incarnation (in-kar -na' -shun) . 1. Becoming 
 flesh. 2. Granulation. 
 
 Inceal (in'-se-al). See Incudal. 
 
 Incidence (in' -sid-ens) [incidere, to fall upon]. 
 A falling upon. I., Angle of, in optics, the 
 angle at which a ray of light strikes a reflecting 
 or refracting surface. I., Point of, the point 
 upon which a ray or projectile strikes a re- 
 flecting or refracting surface. 
 
 Incident (in' -sid-ent) [see Incidence]. Falling 
 upon. 
 
 Incineration (in-sin-er-a' -shun) [in, in; cineres, 
 ashes]. The process of heating organic sub- 
 stances until all organic matter is driven off 
 and only the ash remains. 
 
 Incipient (in-sip'-e-ent) [incipiens, beginning]. 
 Beginning to exist. 
 
 Incisal (in-si'-rzal) [incisio, a cutting]. Applied 
 to the cutting-edge of incisors. 
 
 Incised (in-sizd'). Cut or notched. I. Wound, 
 one made by a sharp-edged instrument. 
 
 Incision (in-sizh'-un) [incisio, a cutting]. 1. 
 The act of cutting into anything. 2. A wound 
 made with a cutting instrument. 
 
 Incisive (in-si'-siv) [see Incision]. 1. Cutting. 
 2. Pertaining to the incisor teeth. I. Bone, 
 that part of the superior maxilla between the 
 two clefts in double harelip. Syn., Inter- 
 maxillary bone. 
 
 Incisor (in-si'-zor) [see Incision], i- Anything 
 that cuts, especially an incisor tooth. See under 
 Tooth. 2. That which supplies the incisor 
 teeth, as the incisor nerve. 
 
 Incisura (in-si-zu'-rah) [see Incision]. A notch; 
 an incision. I. cerebelli anterior, the notch 
 separating the hemispheres of the cerebellum 
 in front. I. cerebelli posterior, the notch 
 separating the hemispheres of the cerebellum 
 behind. 
 
 Incisure (in-si'-zhur) [see Incision]. A slit or 
 notch. I.s of Lantermann, I.s of Schmidt, 
 oblique lines running across the white sub- 
 stance of the internodal segments of medul- 
 lated nerve-fibers. 
 
INCLINATION 
 
 509 
 
 INDEX 
 
 
 Inclination (in-klin-a' -shun) [inclinare, to 
 incline], i. A propensity; a leading. 2. The 
 deviation of the long axis of a tooth from the 
 vertical. I. of Uterus, obliquity of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Inclinometer (in - klin - om' -et- er) [inclinare; 
 phpov, a measure]. A device for determining 
 the diameter of the eye from the horizontal 
 and vertical lines. 
 
 Inclusio foetalis (in-klu' -ze-o fe-ta'-lis). See 
 Inclusion, Fetal. 
 
 Inclusion (in-klu' -zhun) [inclusio, a shutting 
 up]. 1. The state of being shut in. 2. The 
 act of shutting in. 3. That which is shut in 
 I., Fetal, a monstrosity in which one fetus is 
 included in and overgrown by the tissues of 
 the other fetus. 
 
 Incoherent (in-ko-he' -rent) [in-; cohcerere, . 
 to stick together]. Not connected; without 
 proper sequence. 
 
 Incompatibility (in-kom-pat-ib-il' -it-e) [see 
 Incompatible]. The state of being incom- 
 patible. It may be chemic or physiologic. 
 
 Incompatible (in-kom-paf -ib-l) [in-; com- 
 patible]. Of two substances, not miscible 
 without chemic change that destroys the 
 usefulness of either or both; nor capable of 
 being administered together on account of 
 antagonistic properties. 
 
 Incompetence, Incompetency (in-kom'-pe- 
 tens, in-kom' '-pe-ten-se) [in-; competens, 
 sufficient]. Incapacity; inadequacy; inabil- 
 ity to perform the natural functions. I. of 
 the Cardiac Valves, an imperfect state of 
 the valves of the heart in which they permit 
 the return of blood into the cavity from which 
 it came. 
 
 Incontinence (in-kon' -tin-ens) [in-; con- 
 tinere, to contain]. 1. Inability to control 
 the escape of anything, as of the feces or the 
 urine; involuntary evacuation. 2. Venereal 
 indulgence; lewdness. 
 
 Incoordination (in-ko-or-din-a'-shun). Inabil- 
 ity to produce voluntary muscular movements 
 in proper order or sequence. 
 
 Incorporation (in-kor-por-a' '-shun) [in-; corpus, 
 a body]. The process of intimately mixing 
 the particles of different bodies into a prac- 
 tically homogeneous mass. 
 
 Increment (in'-kre-ment) [in-; crescere, to 
 grow]. Increase or growth. 
 
 Incrustation (in-krus-ta' -shun) [in-; crusta, 
 crust]. The formation of a crust, especially 
 a crust-like deposit of mineral salts. 
 
 Incubation (in-ku-ba' '-shun) [in-; cubare, to 
 lie]. 1. The process of sitting upon eggs 
 to favor hatching. 2. The period of a disease 
 between the implanting of the contagium and 
 the development of the symptoms. 3. The 
 process of development of a fecundated 
 ovum. 
 
 Incubator (in'-ku-ba-tor) [see Incubation]. A 
 device for the artificial hatching of eggs or 
 for the cultivation of bacteria; a contrivance 
 for rearing prematurely born children. 
 
 Incubus (in'-ku-bus) [L., "nightmare"]. 1. 
 Nightmare. 2. Anciently, a male demon 
 
 supposed to have sexual connection with 
 women in their sleep. 
 
 Incudal (ing'-ku-dal) [incus]. Relating to the 
 incus. 
 
 Incudectomy (ing-ku-dek' -to-me) [incus; iKxop.ii, 
 a cutting out]. The surgical removal of the 
 incus. 
 
 Incudomalleal (ing-ku-do-maV -e-al) [incus; 
 malleus]. Relating to the incus and the 
 malleus. 
 
 Incudostapedial (ing -ku-do - sta - pe' -de- al) 
 [incus; stapes]. Relating to the incus and 
 the stapes. 
 
 Incurable (in-ku' -ra-bl) [in-; curabilis, curable]. 
 Not curable. 
 
 Incurvation (in-ker-va'-shun) [incurvare, to 
 bend]. The state of being bent or curved in. 
 
 Incurvorecurved (in-ker-vo-re-kervd') . Curved 
 inward and then backward. 
 
 Incus (ing'-kus) [L., "an anvil"]. The middle 
 one of the chain of bones in the middle ear, 
 so termed from its resemblance to an anvil. 
 
 Incustapedic (ing-ku-stap-e f -dik). See Incu- 
 dostapedial. 
 
 Indagation (in-da-ga' -shun) [indagare, to trace 
 out]. Close investigation. 
 
 Indentation (in-den-ta' -shun) [in-; dens, a 
 tooth]. A condition of being notched or 
 serrated. I. of Tongue, the notching of the 
 borders of the tongue made by the teeth. 
 
 Index (in'-deks) [L.J. The relation or ratio of 
 one part to another taken as a standard. I., 
 Alveolar, the degree of prominence of the 
 jaws, measured by the basialveolar length mul- 
 tiplied by 100 and divided by the basinasal 
 length. When the alveolar index is less than 
 98, the skull is orthognathic; when more than 
 103, prognathic; when intermediate, mesog- 
 nathic. I., Cephalic, the breadth of a 
 skull multiplied by 100 and divided by its 
 length. When this is below 75, the skull is 
 called dolichocephalic; when above 80, it is 
 called brachycephalic; between these limits, 
 mesaticephalic, I., Cerebral, the ratio of 
 the greatest transverse to the greatest antero- 
 posterior diameter of the cranial cavity, mul- 
 tiplied by 100. I.-finger, the first finger. L, 
 Gnathic, the ratio of the distance between the 
 basion and the alveolar point to the distance 
 between the basion and the nasal point, mul- 
 tiplied by 100. I. Movement. See under 
 Movement, Forced. I., Obturator (of the pel- 
 vis), the transverse diameter multiplied by 100 
 and divided by the vertical diameter. I., 
 Palatine, the ratio of the maximum breadth 
 of the palatine arch to its maximum length. 
 I., Pelvic. See Pelvic Index. I. of Re- 
 fraction, the ratio of the sine of the angle 
 of incidence to the sine of the angle of re- 
 fraction when a ray of light passing from 
 one medium to another is refracted. I., 
 Refractive, the coefficient of refraction. 
 I., Thoracic, the ratio of the anteroposterior 
 diameter to the transverse, expressed in per- 
 centage. I., Vertical, the ratio of the ver- 
 tical diameter of the skull to the maximum 
 anteroposterior diameter, multiplied by 100. 
 
INDIAN HEMP 
 
 510 
 
 INERTIA 
 
 Indian Hemp. See Cannabis indica. I. 
 Tobacco. See Lobelia. 
 
 India-rubber. See Caoutchouc. 
 
 Indican (in'-dik-an) [indigo], i. C 26 H 31 NOi 7 . 
 A glucosid occurring in indigo-plants, and 
 by the decomposition of -which indigo is pro- 
 
 - duced. 2. Potassium indoxyl-sulfate, C 8 H 6 - 
 NS0 4 K, a substance occurring in urine and 
 sweat, and formed from indol. 
 
 Indicanuria (in - dik - an -u' -re- ah) [indican; 
 oupov, urine]. Morbid excess of indican in 
 the urine. See MacMunn, Obermeyer, Weber. 
 
 Indication (in-dik-a' -shun) [indicare, to 
 point out]. That which points out; a guide, 
 especially that which points out the course 
 of treatment. 
 
 Indicator (in' -dik-a-tor) . i. The index-finger. 
 2. The extensor indicis muscle. 3. In chem- 
 istry, a substance used to show by a color- 
 change when a change of reaction has taken 
 place or a chemic affinity has been satisfied. 
 4. A mechanism like the hand of a dial to 
 register movements or processes. 
 
 Indifferent (in-dif '-er-ent) [in-; differens, differ- 
 ent]. 1. Not differentiated; not tending to 
 build up tissue, as indifferent cells. 2. Not 
 readily acted upon by agents. 
 
 Indigenous (in - dif - en - us) [indu, within; 
 gignere, to beget]. Native; originating or 
 belonging to a certain locality or country. 
 
 Indigestion (in-di-jes'-chun) [in-; digerere, to 
 digest]. Imperfect digestion. 
 
 Indigitation (in-dij-it-a 1 '-shun) [in-; digitus, 
 a finger]. Intussusception. 
 
 Indigo (in'-dig-o) [Ivoikov, indigo], C 16 H 10 N 2 O 2 . 
 A blue pigment formed by the decomposition 
 of the indican contained in various species 
 of Indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria, I. anil, 
 I. argentea), or in the urine and sweat. I.- 
 blue, C 16 H 10 N 2 O ? , a blue pigment from 
 indigo. Syn., Indigotin. I.-carmin, potas- 
 sium sulfindigotate, used as a stain in micro- 
 scopy and as a test for sugar. I.-carmin 
 Paper, paper charged with indigo-carmin and 
 sodium carbonate used as a test for sugar in 
 urine. I. -red. See Indirnbin. 
 
 Indirect (in' -di-rekt) [in-; directus, straight]. 
 Not direct; not in a direct line; acting 
 through an intervening medium. I. Cell- 
 division. See Karyokinesis. I. Vision, 
 vision by some other part of the retina than 
 the macula. 
 
 Indirubin (in-di-ru' -bin) [indigo; rubrum, red], 
 C 16 H 10 N 2 O 2 . A substance isomeric with 
 indigo-blue and very similar to it. It is 
 produced by condensing indoxyl with isatin 
 by means of a dilute soda solution. Syn., 
 Indigo-red. See Rosenbach, Rosin. 
 
 Indisposition (in-dis-po-zish'-un) [in-; dis- 
 positio, disposition]. A slight . illness not 
 confining the patient to bed. 
 
 Indol (in'-dol) [indigo], C ? H 7 N. A substance 
 produced in pancreatic digestion, in intestinal 
 putrefaction, and in certain bacterial cul- 
 tures. It occurs in the feces, giving to them 
 in part their odor, and is eliminated in the 
 urine in the form of indican, being especially 
 
 increased in intestinal obstruction. See 
 Baeyer, Nencki, Salkowski. 
 
 Indolent (in' -do-lent) [in-; dolere, to feel pain]. 
 Sluggish. 
 
 Indoxyl (in-doks'-il) [indigo; 6£uc, sharp], 
 C 8 H 6 (OH)N. An oil which results on the elimi- 
 nation of carbon dioxid from indoxylic acid. 
 
 Indoxylsulfuric Acid (in-doks-il-sul-fu'-rik). 
 See Acid, Indoxylsulfuric, and Indican. 
 
 Induced (in-dusd') [see Induction]. 1. Pro- 
 duced by induction, as induced electricity. 
 2. Produced artificially, as induced labor. 
 
 Induction (in-duk' -shun) [inducere, to lead in]. 
 1. The act of bringing on. 2. The process 
 of drawing general conclusions from special 
 facts. 3. The production of electricity or 
 magnetism in a body by proximity to another 
 body, which is electrified or magnetized, but 
 not in direct contact with it. I. -balance, 
 an instrument used for detecting the presence 
 of metallic bodies by the electric disturbance 
 which they cause. I. -coil, a wire wound 
 around a bobbin, used for conducting a gal- 
 vanic current, by means of which electricity 
 is induced in a second coil. 
 
 Inductogram (in-duk' -to-gr am). See Skia- 
 gram. 
 
 Inductometer (in-duk-tom' -et-er) [induction; 
 fxhpov, a measure]. An apparatus for estimat- 
 ing the degree of electric induction. 
 
 Inductorium (in-duk-to'-re-um) [L., "a cover- 
 ing"]. An apparatus for producing induced 
 currents. I., DuBois-Reymond's, an in- 
 duction apparatus with a primary and 
 secondary coil in which the primary current 
 is never opened, it being short-circuited. 
 It is used in physiologic laboratories. 
 
 Indurated (in'-du-ra-ted) [see Induration]. 
 Hardened, as indurated chancre. 
 
 Induration -(in-du-ra'-shun) [in-; durus, hard]. 
 Hardening; the state of being or becom- 
 ing hard; a hardened mass or lump. I., 
 Brown, a form of interstitial pneumonia in 
 which there is, in addition to the newgrowth 
 of fibrous tissue, a deposit of altered blood- 
 pigment. I., Fibroid. See /., Gray, and 
 Cirrhosis. I., Gray, the appearance of the 
 lung in chronic pneumonia, the cut surface 
 being smooth, glistening, gray, and dense. 
 I., Red, an interstitial pneumonia in which 
 the lung is red from congestion. 
 
 Indurescent (in-du-res'-ent). Gradually be- 
 coming hardened. 
 
 Inebriant (in-e'-bre-ant) [see Inebriety]. 1. In- 
 toxicant; causing inebriation. 2. An agent 
 that causes inebriation. 
 
 Inebriation (in-e-bre-a' -shun) [see Inebriety]. 
 The condition of drunkenness. 
 
 Inebriety (in-e-bri'-et-e) [inebriare, to make 
 drunk]. Habitual drunkenness. 
 
 Inertia (in - er' - she - ah) [iners, inactive]. 
 Sluggishness; inability to move except by 
 means of an external force. In physics, 
 that property of matter by virtue of which 
 it is incapable of changing its condition of 
 rest or motion. I., Uterine, sluggishness of 
 uterine contractions during labor. 
 
IN EXTREMIS 
 
 511 
 
 INFLUENZA 
 
 In extremis (in eks-tre' -mis) [L.]. At the end; 
 at the last ; at the point of death. 
 
 Infant (in' -f ant) [infans, a little child], i. A 
 babe. 2. According to English law, one not 
 having attained the age of 2 r. 
 
 Infanticide (in-f ant' -is-id) {infant; coedere, to 
 kill]. The murder of an infant. 
 
 Infantile (in'-fan-til) [infant]. Pertaining to 
 infancy. I. Paralysis. See Paralysis, Infantile. 
 
 Infantilism (in-f ant' -il-izm) [infantile]. The 
 persistence of childish characteristics into 
 adult life. I., Lorain's Type of, repre- 
 sented by an individual small in stature but 
 of the adult type, with pubic and axillary 
 hair wanting, and with fair intelligence. I., 
 Myxedematous, a type characterized by 
 chubby face, prominent lips and abdomen, 
 rudimentary genitals, high-pitched voice, sec- 
 ond dentition retarded or absent, and infantile 
 mental state. 
 
 Infarct (in'-farkt) [infarcire, to stuff in]. A 
 wedge-shaped area, either of hemorrhage into 
 an organ (hemorrhagic infarct), or of necrosis 
 in an organ (anemic infarct), produced by 
 the obstruction of a terminal vessel. I., 
 Uric-acid, the deposition of crystals of uric 
 acid in the renal tubules of the newborn. 
 
 Infarction (in-f ark' -shun) [see Infarct]. The 
 production of an infarct; also the infarct 
 itself. 
 
 Infecting (in-fek'-ting) [infection]. Causing in- 
 fection, as an infecting embolus. 
 
 Infection (in-f ek' -shun) [infectio, from in, into; 
 facere, to make], t. The communication of 
 disease from one body to another, or from 
 one part to another part of the same individual 
 (autoinfection). 2. The material conveying 
 the disease; the disease-producing agent. 
 I. -atrium, the point of entrance of an in- 
 fection. I., Consecutive, septic infection 
 implanted upon an already established morbid 
 process. 
 
 Infectious (in-fek'-shus) [see Infection]. 1. 
 Communicating disease. 2. Caused by an 
 infection. 
 
 Infecundity (in-fe-kun'-dit-e) [in-; fecundus, 
 fruitful]. Sterility; barrenness. 
 
 Inferior (in-fe'-re-or) [comp. of infer us, low]. 
 Lower. 
 
 Inferocostal (in-fer-o-kos'-tal) [inferior; costa, 
 a rib]. Relating to the lower border of a 
 rib or the region beneath it. 
 
 Inferofrontal (in - fer - o - front' - al) [inferior; 
 frons, the forehead]. Relating to the in- 
 ferior part of the frontal lobe. 
 
 Infibulation (in-fib-u-la' -shun) [in-; fibula, a 
 clasp]. The operation of fastening the prepuce 
 over the glans penis, or of fastening together 
 the labia of the vagina. 
 
 Infiltrate (in'-fil-trat) [see Infiltration]. 1. To 
 ooze into the spaces of a tissue. 2. The sub- 
 stance that has oozed out. 
 
 Infiltration (in-fil-tra' -shun) [in-; filtrare, to 
 strain]. 1. The entrance into the tissue- 
 spaces or into the tissue-elements of some 
 abnormal substance or of a normal substance 
 in excess. 2. The material thus deposited. 
 
 I., Calcareous, the deposit of lime and 
 magnesium salts in the tissues. I., Cellular, 
 an infiltration of the tissues with round-cells. 
 I., Circumferential, in surgery, cutting off 
 the area of operation from all nerve com- 
 munication with surrounding parts by a wall 
 of anesthetizing edema. I., Fatty, the 
 deposit of fat in the tissues; the presence of 
 oil- or fat-globules in the interior of a cell. 
 I., Glycogenic, the deposit of glycogen- 
 granules in the cells. I., Pigmentary, the 
 deposit of pigment in the tissues, derived 
 either from without or from within. I., 
 Serous, an infiltration of the tissues with 
 diluted lymph. I., Tuberculous, a conflu- 
 ence of tuberculous nodules. 
 
 Infinite (in' -fin-it) [in-; finis, boundary]. Im- 
 measurable or innumerable; unlimited, when 
 compared with any known or conceivable 
 quantity. I. Distance, a term in optics 
 practically taken as twenty feet. Rays from an 
 object at that distance and entering the eye 
 are practically parallel, as they would be com- 
 pletely if coming from a point at a really in- 
 finite distance. 
 
 Infirm (in-ferm') [in-; firmus, firm]. Weak or 
 feeble. 
 
 Infirmary (in- fer' -ma-re) [infirmarium, an 
 infirmary]. A hospital; an institution where 
 ill and infirm persons are maintained during 
 the period of treatment. 
 
 Infirmity (in-fer'-mit-e) [infirm]. 1. Weak- 
 ness; feebleness. 2. A disease producing 
 feebleness. 
 
 Inflammation (in-fiam-a' -shun) [inflammare, 
 to set on fire; to inflame]. A term applied 
 to those tissue-changes by which irritants are 
 eliminated, and which include overfilling of 
 the blood-vessels, alteration in the blood- 
 vessel walls, outwandering of leukocytes, 
 exudation of plasma, and multiplication of 
 the cells of the surrounding connective tissue. 
 I., Acute, that in which the processes are 
 active; usually this form is characterized by 
 the cardinal symptoms of inflammation — heat, 
 redness, swelling, and pain. I., Catarrhal, 
 one occurring on a mucous surface and causing 
 the shedding of its epithelium. I., Chronic, 
 that in which there is a building-up of new 
 connective tissue. I., Interstitial, one affect- 
 ing chiefly the connective tissue of an organ. 
 I., Parenchymatous, one affecting chiefly 
 the parenchyma of an organ. I., Reactive, 
 an inflammation .set up around a focus of 
 degeneration to limit the spread of the de- 
 generative process; also the inflammation 
 around a foreign body. I., Specific, one due 
 to a special microorganism, and characterized 
 by the formation of a tumor-like nodule that 
 tends to degenerate. I., Suppurative, that 
 attended by the formation of pus. 
 
 Inflation (in-fia' -shun) [inflare, to pull up]. 
 The act of distending with air. 
 
 Influenza (in-flu-en'-zah) [Ital., "an influ- 
 ence"]. An epidemic affection characterized 
 by catarrhal inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the respiratory tract, accom- 
 
INFRA- 
 
 512 
 
 INGRASSIAS, PROCESSES OF 
 
 panied by a mucopurulent discharge, fever, 
 pain in the muscles, and prostration. At 
 times symptoms referable to the gastrointes- 
 tinal system predominate ; at others the symp- 
 toms are mainly referred to the nervous 
 system. The cause of the disease is Bacillus 
 influenzce, discovered by Pfeiffer and Canon. 
 Complications are common, pneumonia being 
 the most frequent; pleurisy, otitis media, and 
 neuritis also occur. An occasional sequel 
 is insanity. Syn., Grip; La grippe. 
 
 Infra- {in- f rah-) [infra, below]. A prefix 
 meaning below or beneath. 
 
 Inf raaxillary {in - Jrah - aks' -il - a - re) [infra-; 
 axilla, the armpit]. Below the armpit. 
 
 Infraclavicular {in- frah-klav-ik' -u-lar) [infra-; 
 clavicula, the collar-bone]. Below the collar- 
 bone. 
 
 Infracortical {in-frah-kor'-tik-al) [infra-; cor- 
 tex, a bark]. Lying beneath the cortical 
 substance of the brain. 
 
 Infracostal {in-frah-kos' -tat) [infra-; costa, a 
 rib]. Below the ribs. 
 
 Infraction {in-frak' -shun) [in-; fractio, break- 
 ing]. Incomplete fracture of a bone. 
 
 Infragenual (in-frah-jen'-u-al) [infra-; genu, 
 the knee]. Subpatellar. 
 
 Infralemnisc {in-frah-lem' -nisk) [infra-; lem- 
 niscus, a pendent ribbon]. Wilder's term for 
 the lower lamina of the lemniscus. 
 
 Inf ramammary {in - frah - mam'-ar-e) [infra-; 
 mamma, the breast]. Situated beneath the 
 mamma. 
 
 Inf ramarginal {in - frah - mar' - fin -at). See « 
 Submarginal. 
 
 Inframaxillary {in-frah-maks' -il-a-re) [infra-; 
 maxilla, the jaw]. Below or under the jaw. 
 
 Infraoccipital {in-frah-ok-sip'-et-al). See Sub- 
 occipital. 
 
 Infraorbital {in-frah-or' '-bit-al) [infra-; orbita, 
 orbit]. Beneath or below the floor of the 
 orbit. I. Canal, the canal in the superior 
 maxillary bone that transmits the infraorbital 
 vessels and nerve. I. Foramen. See Fora- 
 men, Infraorbital. 
 
 Infrascapular {in - frah - skap' -u- lar) [infra-; 
 scapida]. Below the shoulder-blade. 
 
 Infraspinous {in-frah-spi' -nus) [infra-; spina, 
 a spine]. Beneath a spine, as of the scapula 
 or a vertebra. I. Fascia, the dense mem- 
 branous fascia covering the infraspinous 
 muscle. I. Fossa, the shallow depression on 
 the dorsal surface of the scapula, below the 
 spine, and lodging the infraspinatus muscle. 
 I. Muscle. See Infraspinatus under Muscle. 
 
 Infrastapedial {in-frah-sta-pe' -de-al) [infra-; 
 stapes]. Below the stapes. 
 
 Infrasternal {in-frah-ster' -nal) [infra-; sternum]. 
 Below the sternum. I. Depression, the de- 
 pression of the ensiform cartilage. 
 
 Infratonsillar {in-frah-ton' -sil-ar) [infra-; ton- 
 silla, the tonsil]. Below the tonsil. 
 
 Infratrochlear {in-frah-trok' -le-ar) . See Sub- 
 trochlear. 
 
 Infriction {in-frik' '-shun) [infrictio, a rubbing 
 in]. The rubbing in of oily substances. 
 
 Infundibular {in- fun-dib' -u-lar) [infundibulum]. 
 
 Pertaining to a funnel or resembling one; in- 
 fundibuliform. 
 
 Infundibuliform {in-fun-dib-u'-le-jorm) [in- 
 fundibulum; forma, a. form]. Funnel-shaped. 
 I. Fascia, the funnel-shaped membranous 
 layer that invests the spermatic cord. 
 
 Infundibuloovarian {in - fun - dib - u - lo - o- 
 va'-re-an) [infundibulum; ovarium, ovary]. 
 Relating to the oviduct and to the ovary. 
 
 Inf undibulopelvic {in-fun-dib-u-lo-pel'-vik) . 
 Relating to the oviduct and the pelvis. 
 
 Infundibulum {in-fun-dib' -u-lum) [L., "a 
 funnel"]. A funnel-shaped passage or part. 
 I. of Brain, a tubular mass of gray matter 
 attached to the pituitary body. I. of Ethmoid 
 Bone, a canal connecting the anterior ethmoid 
 cells with the middle meatus of the nose. 
 I. of Heart, the arterial cone from which 
 the pulmonary artery arises. I. of Kidney, 
 one of the primary divisions of the pelvis of 
 the kidney. I. of Lung, one of the air-spaces 
 into which a terminal bronchiole divides, 
 and which is composed of an aggregation of 
 air-vesicles. 
 
 Infusion {in-fu' -zhun) [infusum]. i. The pro- 
 cess of extracting the active principles of a 
 substance by means of water, but without 
 boiling. 2. The product of such a process, 
 known in pharmacy as infusum {q. v.). I., 
 Dural, the use of the lumbar puncture for 
 immediate applications in cerebrospinal dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Infusodecoction, Infusodecoctum {in-fu-zo- 
 de-kok' '-shun, -turn). A combination of a 
 decoction of a substance with an infusion 
 of it. 
 
 Infusoria {in-fu-zo' -re-ah) [infusum]. A class 
 of Protozoa so called because they often de- 
 velop in great numbers in organic infusions. 
 
 Infusum {in-fu' -zum) [in-; fundere, to pour]. 
 An infusion. I. digitalis (U. S. P.), infu- 
 sion of digitalis. Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). I. 
 pruni virginianae (U. S. P.), infusion of 
 wild cherry. Dose 2 oz. (60 Cc). I. sennae 
 compositum (U. S. P.), compound infusion 
 of senna; black draught. Dose 40Z. (128 Cc). 
 
 Ingesta {in-jes'-tah) [in-; gerere, to carry]. Sub- 
 stances introduced into the body, especially 
 foods. 
 
 Ingestion {in-jes'-chun) [ingesta]. The act 
 of taking substances, especially food, into the 
 body. 
 
 Ingestol {in-jes'-tol). A proprietary remedy 
 for use in gastric diseases. Syn., Amarol. 
 
 Ingluvies {in-glu'-ve-ez) [L.]. 1. The crop 
 or craw of birds. 2. The paunch or rumen 
 of ruminating mammals. 
 
 Ingluvin {in'-glu-vin) [ingluvies]. A prepara- 
 tion obtained from the gizzard of a fowl, 
 Pullus gallinaceus, used as a substitute for 
 pepsin and pancreatin, and also in the vomit- 
 ing of pregnancy. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 
 Gm.). 
 
 Ingrassias, Processes of, I., Wings of [In- 
 grassias, an Italian physician of the sixteenth 
 century]. The lesser wings of the sphenoid 
 bone. 
 
INGRAVESCENT 
 
 513 
 
 INOMA 
 
 Ingravescent (in-grav-es'-ent) [ingravescere, 
 to become heavier]. Increasing in severity, 
 as ingravescent apoplexy. 
 
 Ingrowing Nail. See Nail, Ingrowing. 
 
 Inguen (in'-gwen) [L.]. The groin. 
 
 Inguinal (in'-gwin-al) [inguen]. Pertaining to 
 the groin. I. Canal, the canal transmitting 
 the spermatic cord in the male and the round 
 ligament in the female. It is situated parallel 
 to and just above Poupart's ligament. I. 
 Glands, the superficial and the deep glands 
 of the groin. I. Hernia. See Hernia, In- 
 guinal. 
 
 Inguinodynia (in-gwin-o-din'-e-ah) [inguen; 
 oduvTj, pain]. Pain in the groin. 
 
 Inguinointerstitial (in-gwin-o-in-ter-stish'-al) 
 [inguen; interstes, that stands between]. 
 Within the tissues of the inguinal region. 
 
 Ingulation (in-gu-la' -shun) [in, into; gtda, 
 the throat]. The introduction of anything 
 into the throat. 
 
 Inhalant, Inhalent (in-ha'-lant, -lent), i. See 
 Inhalation (2). 2. Useful for inhalation. 
 
 Inhalation (in-ha-la' -shun) [inhalare, to draw- 
 in]. 1. The breathing in of air or other vapor. 
 2. A medicinal substance to be used by inhala- 
 tion. I. -diseases, those due to the inspiration 
 of air containing dust or any finely divided 
 matter. I. -therapy, treatment of a disease 
 by inspiration of medicated vapors. 
 
 Inhaler (in-ha'-ler). An instrument for in- 
 haling a gas or vapor. 
 
 Inherent (in-her'-ent) [in, to; hcerere, 
 cleave]. Innate; natural to the organism 
 
 Inhibition (in - hib - ish' - un) [inhibere, 
 check]. The act of checking or restraining; 
 a restraint. 
 
 Inhibitory (in-hib'-it-o-re) [see Inhibition]. 
 Checking; restraining. 
 
 Inhumation (in-hu-ma' -shun) [inhumare, to 
 put in the ground]. Burial of the dead in 
 the ground. 
 
 Iniac, Inial (in'-e-ak, in'-e-al) [inion]. Per- 
 taining to the inion. 
 
 Iniencephalus (in-e-en-sef '-al-us) [inion; iyK.e- 
 (f)aXoc, brain]. A fetal monstrosity in which 
 there is a posterior fissure of the skull, with 
 protrusion of the brain-substance, combined 
 with spinal fissure. 
 
 Iniomesial (in-e-o-me'-ze-al). Relating to 
 the inion and to the meson. 
 
 Inion (in'-e-on) [cv'cov, occiput]. The external 
 protuberance of the occipital bone. See 
 under Craniometric Point. 
 
 Initial (in-ish'-al) [in, into; ire, to go]. Be- 
 ginning; early; primary, as the initial lesion 
 of syphilis — the chancre. I. Cells, germ- 
 cells. I. Sclerosis, the hard chancre. 
 
 Initis (in-i'-tis) [?f, muscle; fiber; tree, in- 
 flammation]. 1. Inflammation of fibrous or 
 muscular tissue. 2. Inflammation of a ten- 
 don; tenontitis. 
 
 Inject (in-jekf) [see Injection]. To throw or 
 force in, as to inject fluids into the tissues; 
 also, to fill the vessels of an organ. In 
 pathology, to produce a condition of disten- 
 tion of the capillaries with blood. 
 34 
 
 to 
 
 to 
 
 Injection (in-jek' -shun) [in, into; jacere, to 
 throw]. 1. The act of injecting or throwing 
 in. 2. The substance injected. According 
 to the organ into which the injection is made, 
 different terms are employed, as urethral, 
 intramuscular, uterine, vaginal injection, 
 etc. In the British Pharmacopeia injectiones 
 are solutions of active substances used for 
 hypodermatic injection. I., Hypodermatic, 
 an injection made under the skin. 
 
 Injector (in-jek' -tor) . An apparatus used in 
 injecting. 
 
 Injury (in'-ju-re) [in, not; jus, law]. A harm 
 or hurt to the body. 
 
 Inlet of the Pelvis. The heart-shaped space 
 within the brim of the pelvis; the superior 
 pelvic strait. 
 
 Inman's Disease. Myalgia. 
 
 Innervation (in-er-va! -shun) [in, in; nervus, 
 nerve]. Nerve-supply. 
 
 Innocuous (in-ok' -u-us) [innocuus, harmless]. 
 Not injurious. 
 
 Innominate (in-om'-in-at) [see Innominatum]. 
 Unnamed; unnamable. I. Artery. See under 
 Artery. I. Bone, the irregular bone form- 
 ing the sides and anterior wall of the pelvic 
 cavity, and composed of the ilium, ischium, 
 and pubis. 
 
 Innominatum (in-om-in-a' -turn) [L., "name- 
 less"; os, bone, understood]. The innomi- 
 nate bone. 
 
 Innutrition (in-u-trish' -un) [in, not; nutri- 
 tion]. Want of nutrition or nourishment. 
 
 Inoblast (in'-o-blast) [<?c, fiber; fiXaozoc, germ]. 
 Any one of the cells from which connective 
 tissue is derived. 
 
 Inoculability (in-ok-u-la-bil' -it-e) [see Inocula- 
 tion]. The quality of being inoculable. 
 
 Inoculable (in-ok' -u-la-bl) [see Inoculation]. 
 Capable of being inoculated; communicable 
 by inoculation. 
 
 Inoculation (in - ok - u - la' - shun) [in, into; 
 oculus, a bud]. 1. The act of introducing 
 the virus of a disease into the body. 2. Spe- 
 cifically, the intentional introduction of a virus 
 for the purpose of producing a mild form of 
 a disease which is severe when spontaneously 
 introduced, as the inoculation of smallpox 
 virus. This is known as preventive inocula- 
 tion. 
 
 Inoepithelioma (in-o-ep-ith-e-le-o'-mah) ["c, 
 fiber; epithelioma]. Medullary carcinoma con- 
 taining fibrous tissue. 
 
 Inogen (in'-o-jen) [?c, fiber; yvjvdv, to pro- 
 duce]. A hypothetic substance believed to 
 occur in muscular tissue and to be decom- 
 posed, during contraction, into carbon dioxid, 
 sarcolactic acid, and myosin. 
 
 Inohymenitis (in-o-hi-men-i'-tis) ["c, fiber; 
 d/jLTjv, membrane; exeg, inflammation]. In- 
 flammation of fibrous tissue. 
 
 Inoleio myoma (in-o-li-o-mi-o' -mah) ['/c, fiber; 
 Xelog, smooth; myoma]. Myoma made up of 
 or containing unstriped muscular fibers. 
 
 Inolith (in'-o-lith) ['cc, fiber; Xcdoc, a stone]. 
 A fibrous concretion. 
 
 Inoma (in-o'-mah). See Fibroma, 
 
INOPEXIA 
 
 514 
 
 INSANITY 
 
 Inopexia (in-o-peks'-e-ah) pff, fiber; 7rr)$ec, 
 coagulation]. A tendency in the blood toward 
 spontaneous coagulation. 
 
 Inopolypus {in-o-poV -ip-us) [<?r, fiber; polypus]. 
 A fibrous polyp. 
 
 Inorganic (in-or-gan'-ik). Not organic; not 
 produced by animal or vegetal organisms, 
 as an inorganic compound. I. Chemistry, 
 chemistry dealing with inorganic compounds. 
 
 Inoscleroma {in-o-skle-ro' -mah) [7f, fiber; 
 oK^rjpojfia, induration]. Hardened fibrous 
 tissue. 
 
 Inoscopy {in-os'-ko-pe) [7c, fiber; okotzs'cv, to 
 examine]. A method of bacterial investiga- 
 tion designed to set free microorganisms 
 which have become entangled in the fibrin 
 of organic fluids by dissolving the fibrin with 
 a pepsin digestive mixture, when they may 
 be centrifuged for examination. 
 
 Inosculate {in-os'-ku-lat) [see Inosculation]. To 
 unite by small openings. 
 
 Inosculation {in-os-ku-la' -shun) [in, in; oscu- 
 lum, a small mouth]. The joining of blood- 
 vessels by direct communication. 
 
 Inosit, Inosite (in'-o-sit) ['hoc, fiber], C 6 H 12 - 
 6 4- 2H 2 0. Muscle-sugar; a saccharine sub- 
 stance occurring in muscles, rarely in urine. 
 For tests for, see Gallois, Scherer, Seidel. 
 
 Inosituria {in-o-sit-u' -re-ah) [inosit; odpov, 
 urine]. The presence of inosit in the urine. 
 
 Inosteatoma {in-o-ste-at-o' -mah) [Vf, fiber; 
 steatoma]. A steatoma with fibrous elements. 
 
 Inosuria (in-o-su' -re-ah) . See Inosituria. 
 
 Inotropic (in-o-trop'-ik) [in, in; xphnttv, to 
 turn]. Applied to a supposed set of fibers 
 in the cardiac nerves which influence the 
 amount of mechanic work performed by 
 the heart. 
 
 Inquest (in'-kwest) [in, into; qucerere, to ask]. 
 A judicial inquiry, especially one for the pur- 
 pose of determining the cause of death of 
 one who has died by violence or in some un- 
 known way. 
 
 Inquisition {in-kwiz-ish'-un) [see Inquest]. An 
 inquiry, especially one into the sanity or 
 lunacy of a person. 
 
 Insalivation iin-sal-iv-a' -shun) [in, in; saliva, 
 the spittle]. The mixture of the food with 
 saliva during mastication. 
 
 Insane {in-san') [in, not; sanus, sound]. De- 
 ranged or diseased in mind. I. Ear. See 
 Hcematoma auris under Hematoma. 
 
 Insanitary {in-san' -it-a-re) [in, not; sanitas, 
 health]. Not sanitary; not in a proper con- 
 dition as respects the preservation of health. 
 
 Insanity {in-san' -it-e) [see Insane]. A derange- 
 ment of the mental faculties, with or without 
 loss of volition and of consciousness. In- 
 sanity may be due to defective development, 
 to acquired disease, or to -natural decay. It 
 is characterized, according to its form, by 
 a variety of symptoms, the most common 
 of which are change of character and habits, 
 moroseness, confusion, elation, melancholia, 
 mania, delusions, and hallucinations. Melan- 
 cholia, mania, delusional insanity, and de- 
 mentia are the four principal types of the affec- 
 
 tion. I., Acquired, that arising after a long 
 period of life of mental integrity. I., Af- 
 fective, a form affecting only the emotions, 
 as melancholia. I., Alcoholic, that induced 
 by alcoholic excess, usually a result of heredi- 
 tary tendencies. I., Alternating. See /., 
 Circular. I., Circular, a form of insanity 
 recurring in cycles varying in length from a 
 few days to many months. The arrangement 
 of the cycle varies in different individuals, but 
 is constant in a given case. Thus melancho- 
 lia may be followed by mania, and this by a 
 lucid interval, the passage from one mental 
 condition to the other being abrupt or grad- 
 ual. Syn., Alternating insanity; Cyclothymia. 
 I., Climacteric, insanity occurring at or 
 near the menopause. I., Communicated, 
 that transmitted by association with an insane 
 person. I., Confusional, an acute insanity 
 produced by nervous shock or exhausting 
 disease, without distinct emotional depression 
 or exaltation, with marked failure of mental 
 power or complete imbecility, often accom- 
 panied by hallucinations and loss of physical 
 power. Recovery is usually complete. I., 
 Consecutive, that following some disease or 
 injury not of the brain. I., Constitutional, 
 insanity due to some pathologic or physiologic 
 condition affecting the general system. I., 
 Cyclic. Same as /., Circular. I., Depres- 
 sive, melancholia. I., Deuteropathic, that 
 caused by disorders of or developmental 
 changes in organs other than the brain. I., 
 Doubting, a form closely allied to delusional 
 insanity, consisting in an uncontrollable 
 doubt and indecision regarding the occupa- 
 tions, duties, or events of the day, of religion, 
 etc. I., Emotional, insanity characterized 
 by derangement of the emotions, either de- 
 pressing or exalting in character. I., Epi- 
 demic, a form occasionally manifested 
 among a number of persons in common 
 association, as in convents or schools. I., 
 General, a general term for mania and 
 melancholia. I., Hereditary, that trans- 
 mitted from parent to child, and not induced 
 by other apparent cause. I., Hysterical, 
 chronic insanity secondary to hysteria and 
 preserving the simulative tendencies of hys- 
 teria. I., Ideal, a general term embracing 
 all the forms in which ideas dependent upon 
 the senses are perverted. I., Imitative, a 
 form of communicated insanity marked by 
 mimicry of the insane characteristics of 
 another. I., Imposed, delirious ideas im- 
 posed by one maniac upon another individual 
 weaker than himself. I., Impulsive, a form 
 in which the patient possesses an uncontrolla- 
 ble desire to commit acts of violence. I., 
 Menstrual. See I., Periodic. I., Moral, 
 a form marked by perversion and depravity 
 of the moral sense, apparently without im- 
 pairment of the reasoning and intellectual 
 faculties. I., Notional, a form in which the 
 patient sees objects as they exist, but con- 
 ceives grossly erroneous ideas concerning 
 them. I., Perceptional, a form characterized 
 
INSCRIPTIONES TENDINE^ 
 
 515 
 
 INSUFFLATOR 
 
 by illusions. I., Periodic, a condition de- 
 pendent upon original or acquired psycho- 
 pathy, in which attacks of insanity occur at 
 regular or irregular intervals. If occurring 
 in women at the menstrual epoch, it is called 
 menstrual insanity. I. of Pregnancy, a 
 form occurring during pregnancy, character- 
 ized by melancholia, suicidal intent, and 
 abhorrence of friends and relatives. I., Pri- 
 mary, a form, often congenital, that arises 
 with the development of the body. It may 
 also proceed from injury or disease of the 
 brain" in early life. I. of Puberty. See 
 Hebephrenia. I., Puerperal, a term some- 
 times applied to the delirium of childbirth, 
 but more properly to the insanity occurring 
 after delivery. I., Recurrent, that marked 
 by recurrent attacks of mental aberration 
 with intervening lucid intervals. I., Reli- 
 gious, that associated with religious sub- 
 jects. I., Stuporous, a primary acute form 
 of dementia, characterized by a tendency 
 to stupor; a disease chiefly met in youth 
 and early maturity. I., Surgical, that coming 
 on after surgical operations. I., Toxic, an 
 acute form due to systemic poisoning by 
 certain drugs. I., Traumatic, insanity 
 marked by perversity, violence, and brief 
 spells of maniacal self-exaltation, progressing 
 slowly with remissions to dementia; it is 
 attributed to injury. 
 
 Inscriptiones tendineae {in-skrip-te-o' '-nez ten- 
 din' -e-e). The lineas transversa? of the rectus 
 abdominis muscle. 
 
 Insect {in'-sekt) [in, into; secare, to cut]. Any 
 member of the class of animals called Insecta. 
 i.-powder, a powder employed to destroy 
 or ward off insects, and consisting usually 
 of the powdered flowers of species of 
 Pyrethrum. 
 
 Insecticide {in-sek' -tis-ld) [insect; cczdere, to 
 kill]. A substance that is destructive to 
 insects. 
 
 Insemination {in-sem-in-a' -shun) [inseminare, 
 to plant seed], i. The planting of seed. 2. 
 The introduction of semen. 
 
 Insensible {in-sen' -sib-l) [in, not; sentire, 
 to feel]. 1. Incapable of being perceived or 
 recognized by the senses. 2. Unconscious. 
 
 Insertion {in-ser' -shun) [inserere, to set in]. 
 1. The act of setting or placing in. 2. That 
 which is set in. 3. The point at which any- 
 thing, as a muscle, is attached; the place or the 
 mode of attachment of an organ to its support. 
 
 Insidious {in - sid' - e - us) [insidice, ambush]. 
 Coming on stealthily or imperceptibly. I. 
 Disease, one the onset of which is gradual 
 . or inappreciable. 
 
 In situ {in si'-tu) [in, in; situs, position]. In 
 a given or natural position. 
 
 Insolation {in-so-la' -shun) [in, in; sol, sun]. 
 1. Exposure to the rays of the sun. 2. Sun- 
 stroke or heatstroke; a condition of prostra- 
 tion and fever due to exposure to the direct 
 rays of the sun or to extreme heat. 
 
 Insoluble {in-soV -u-bl) [in, not; solubilis, that 
 can be loosed]. Incapable of dissolving. 
 
 Insomnia {in-som' -ne-ah) [in, not; somnus, 
 sleep]. Want of sleep; inability to sleep. 
 
 Inspection {in-spek'-shun) [inspicere, to look]. 
 In medicine, the examination of the body 
 or any part of it by the eye. 
 
 Inspergation {in-sper-ga' -shun) [inspergere, to 
 sprinkle upon]. The act of sprinkling or 
 dusting with fine powder. 
 
 Inspiration {in-spir-a' -shun) [in, in; spirare, 
 to breathe]. The drawing in of the breath. 
 
 Inspiratory {in-spi' -ra-to-re) [see Inspiration]. 
 Pertaining to the act of inspiration. 
 
 Inspissate {in' -spis-at) [inspissare, to thicken]. 
 To make thick by evaporation or by absorp- 
 tion of fluid. 
 
 Instep {in' -step) [in, in; step]. The arch on 
 the upper surface of the foot. 
 
 Instillation {in-stil-a' -shun) [instillare, to put 
 in little by little]. The pouring of a liquid 
 into a cavity drop by drop. 
 
 Instinct {in'-stingkt) [instinguere, to impel]. 
 A natural impulse, which, though unassoei- 
 ated with reason, prompts "a useful act. 
 
 Instinctive {in - stingk' - tiv) [see Instinct]. 
 Prompted or determined by instinct; of the 
 nature of instinct. 
 
 Institutes of Medicine. The philosophy 
 of the science of medicine, of physiology, 
 pathology, therapeutics, and hygiene, or the 
 general and elementary principles of the 
 same. The term is used sometimes as a 
 synonym of physiology. 
 
 Instrument (in'-stru-ment) [in, in; struere, 
 to build]. Any mechanic tool or device 
 used to assist in the performance of a certain 
 act. 
 
 Instrumental {in-stru-men' -tal) [instrument]. 
 Pertaining to or performed with instruments, 
 as instrumental labor. 
 
 Instrumentation {in-stru-men-ta' -shun) [instru- 
 ment]. The care or employment of instruments. 
 
 Insufficiency {in-suf-fish' -en-se) [insufficiens, 
 insufficient]. The state of being inadequate; 
 incapacity to perform a normal function. 
 I. of the Cardiac Valves, imperfect closure 
 of the valves, permitting regurgitation. De- 
 pending upon the valve affected, the insuffici- 
 ency may be aortic, mitral, tricuspid, or pul- 
 monary. I. of a Muscle, inability on a part 
 of a muscle to contract sufficiently to produce 
 the normal effect. The term is applied espe- 
 cially to the eye muscles. Insufficiency of 
 the externi, a condition in which the con- 
 traction of the externi muscles of the eye 
 is weak and is overbalanced by that of the 
 interni, producing esophoria. Insufficiency 
 of the interni, defective power on the part of 
 the interni muscles, producing exophoria. 
 
 Insufflation {in-suf-fla' -shun) [in, in; sufflare, 
 to puff]. The act of blowing into, as the 
 insufflation of a powder into a cavity; also, 
 the blowing of air into a cavity, as insufflation 
 of the middle ear. I., Mouth-to-mouth, 
 the blowing of air into the mouth of a person, 
 usually a newborn infant, to distend the 
 lungs and counteract asphyxia. 
 
 Insufflator {in' -suf -la-tor) [see Insufflation]. 
 
INSULA 
 
 516 
 
 INTEE.FERENCE 
 
 An instrument for blowing air or powders 
 into a cavity. 
 
 Insula {in'-su-lah) [L., "an island"]. The 
 island of Reil. 
 
 Insular {in'-su-lar) [insula]. i. Pertaining 
 to the island of Reil. 2. Isolated; occurring 
 in patches. I. Sclerosis. See Sclerosis, Mul- 
 tiple. 
 
 Insulate (in'-su-lat) [insula]. To isolate or 
 separate from surroundings. In electricity, 
 to surround a conductor with a nonconducting 
 substance. 
 
 Integument {in-teg' -u-ment) [in, upon; tegere, 
 to cover]. A covering, especially the skin. 
 I., Fetal, the fetal membranes. 
 
 Intellect (in' -tel-ekt) [intellectus, understanding] 
 The mind or the reasoning power. 
 
 Intemperance {in - tern' - per - ans) [in, not; 
 temperare, to moderate]. Want of modera- 
 tion; immoderate indulgence, especially in 
 alcoholic beverages. 
 
 Intensification {in - ten - si} - ik - a' -shun) [see 
 Intensity], The "act of making intense or of 
 increasing the strength of anything. 
 
 Intensity {in-ten' -sit-e) [intensus, stretched 
 tight]. 1. The state of being intense or high- 
 strung. 2. The degree to which a force is 
 capable of rising. 3. A high degree of energy 
 or power. 
 
 Intensive {in-ten' -siv) [see Intensity]. Gradu- 
 ally increased in force or intensity, as the 
 intensive method of inoculation. 
 
 Intention {in-ten' -shun) [intentus, intend]. The 
 end or purpose. See under Healing. I.- 
 tremor, a tremor coming on when attempts 
 at voluntary motion are made. 
 
 Inter- (in-ter-). A prefix signifying between. 
 
 Interacinous {in-ter -as' -in-us) [inter-; acinus, 
 a berry]. Situated between acini. 
 
 Interannular (in-ter -an' -u-lar). Located be- 
 tween rings or constrictions. 
 
 Interarticular {in - ter - ar - tik'-u - lar) [inter-; 
 articulus, a joint]. Situated between joints. 
 I. Fibrocartilage, the flattened cartilaginous 
 plates between the articular cartilages of 
 certain joints. 
 
 Interauricular (in-ter-aw-rik' -u-lar) [inter-; 
 auricula, auricle]. Situated between the 
 auricles. 
 
 Interbrain {in' -ter -bran). See Thalamen- 
 eephalon. 
 
 Intercadence {in - ter - ka' - dens) [inter-; cadere, 
 to fall]. An irregular beating of the pulse, 
 in which an additional beat is interposed 
 between two pulsations. 
 
 Intercadent {in-ter -ka' -dent). Exhibiting the 
 quality of intercadence. 
 
 Intercalary, Intercalated (in-ter-kal'-a-re, in- 
 ter -kal-a' -ted) [inter-; calare, to insert]. Placed 
 or inserted between. 
 
 Intercarotid {in-ter -kar -of -id) [inter-; carotid]. 
 Situated between the external and inter- 
 nal carotid arteries, as the intercarotid gan- 
 glion. 
 
 Intercartilaginous {in-ter -kar -til-aj' -in-us) . See 
 Inter chondral. 
 
 Intercellular {in-ter -sel' -u-lar) [inter-; cellula, 
 
 a small cell]. Between cells, as intercellular 
 substance of tissue. 
 
 Intercentral {in-ter -sen' -tral) [inter-; centrum, 
 a center]. Between centers. 
 
 Interchondral {in - ter - kon' - dral) [inter-; 
 %6vdpoc, cartilage]. Between cartilages. 
 
 Intercident {in-ter' -sid-ent) . 1. See Intercalary. 
 2. See Intercadent. 
 
 Interclavicular (in-ter -klav-ik' -u-lar) [inter-; 
 clavicula, the collar-bone]. Between the 
 clavicles. 
 
 Intercolumnar {in - ter - kol - urn' - nar) [inter-; 
 columna, column]. Between pillars, as the 
 intercolumnar fascia, between the pillars of 
 the external abdominal ring. 
 
 Intercondyloid (in-ter -kon' -dil-oid) [inter-; con- 
 dyle]. Between condyles. I. Fossa, the 
 notch between the condyles of the femur. 
 
 Intercoronoideal {in - ter - kor - o - noid' -e-al). 
 Lying between the coronoid processes. 
 
 Intercostal {in-ter -kos'-tal) [inter-; costa, a 
 rib]. Between the ribs. I. Arteries, the 
 arteries of the intercostal spaces. See under 
 Artery. I. Muscles. See under Muscle. I. 
 Nerves, the anterior divisions of the dorso- 
 spinal nerves. I. Spaces, spaces between ad- 
 jacent ribs. 
 
 Intercostohumeral {in-ter -kos-to-hu'-mer -at) 
 [inter-; costa, rib; humerus]. Pertaining to 
 the arm and the space between the ribs, as 
 the intercostohumeral nerve. 
 
 Inter cranial {in-ter-kra'-ne-al)). Endocranial, 
 relating to the interior of the skull or to the 
 endocranium. 
 
 Intercristal {in-ter -kr is' -tal) [inter-; crista, 
 crest]. Between the surmounting ridges of 
 a bone, organ, or process. 
 
 Inter crural {in-ter -kru'-r at) [inter-; crus, the 
 leg]. Situated between the legs or the crura. 
 
 Intercurrent {in-ter -kur' -ent) [inter-; currere, 
 to run]. Occurring or taking place between. 
 I. Disease, a disease arising or progressing 
 during the existence of another disease in the 
 same person. 
 
 Intercus (in-ter' -kus) [L.; pi., inter cutes]. 1. See 
 Anasarca. 2. Subcutaneous. 
 
 Intercutaneomucous (in-ter-ku-ta-ne-o-mu'- 
 kus). Between the skin and mucosa. 
 
 Intercutaneous {in-ter-ku-ta'-ne-us). Subcu- 
 taneous. 
 
 Interdigital {in-ter -dij' -it-at) [inter-; digitus, a 
 finger]. Between the fingers. 
 
 Interdigitation {in-ter --dij-it-a' '-shun) [see In- 
 terdigital]. The locking or dovetailing of 
 similar parts, as the fingers of one hand with 
 those of the other; or of the ends of the 
 obliquus externus muscle with those of the 
 serratus magnus. 
 
 Intereruptive {in-ter-e-rup'-tiv). Between two 
 outbreaks of eruption. 
 
 Interfascicular (in - ter - fas - ik'-u - lar) [inter-; 
 fasciculus, a bundle]. Situated between 
 fasciculi. 
 
 Interference (in-ter- fe'-rens) [inter-; ferire, to 
 strike]. The act of interfering or preventing. 
 I. of Light, the mutual neutralization of 
 waves of light, when the crest of one wave 
 
 
INTERFIBRILLAR 
 
 517 
 
 INTERPOLAR 
 
 falls upon the trough of another. I. of Sound, 
 the neutralization of two sound-waves, one 
 by the other. 
 
 Interfibrillar {in-ter- fi' -bril-ar) [inter-; fibrilla, 
 a small fiber]. Situated between the fibrils of 
 tissues. 
 
 Interganglionic {in-ter-gan-gle-on'-ik) [inter-; 
 •fay-fXcov, a ganglion]. Connecting one ganglion 
 with another; lying between ganglions. 
 
 Intergonial {in-ter- go' '-ne-al) [inter-; ywv'ca, an 
 angle]. Between the two gonia (angles of the 
 lower jaws). 
 
 Interhemal {in-ter-hem'-al) [inter-; alfia, blood]. 
 Between the hemal processes. 
 
 Interhuman {in-ter-hu' '-man) [inter-; humanus, 
 human]. Applied to infection transmitted 
 from one human being to another. 
 
 Interlamellar {in-ter -lam-el' -ar) [inter-; lamella, 
 a layer]. Between the lamellas. 
 
 Interligamentous {in-ter -lig-a-ment' -us) [inter-; 
 ligamentum, a ligament]. Between ligaments. 
 
 Interlobar {in-ter -lo' -bar) [inter-; lobus, a lobe]. 
 Situated between lobes, as interlobar pleurisy. 
 
 Interlobular {in-ter -lob' -u-lar) [inter-; lobulus, 
 a lobule]. Between lobules. 
 
 Intermarginal {in-ter-mar' -jin-al) [inter-; mar- 
 go, a margin]. Lying between two margins. 
 
 Intermarriage {in-ter-mar' -a j) [inter-; maritare, 
 to marry], i. Marriage between persons re- 
 lated by consanguinity. 2. Marriage between 
 persons of different races. 
 
 Intermaxillary {in-ter -maks'-il-a-re) [inter-; 
 maxilla, jaw-bone]. Between the maxillary 
 bones. I. Bone, the small bone that receives 
 the incisors, situated between the superior 
 maxillary bones of the fetus. 
 
 Intermediate {in-ter -me' -de-at) [inter-; medius, 
 middle]. Situated between. I. Body, the 
 complementary substance essential to the 
 proper performance of a physiologic function 
 — such as enabling the "end-body' 1 or bac- 
 tericidal substance to combine with the bac- 
 teria in typhoid in the production of im- 
 munity. Cf. Body, Immune. 
 
 Intermediolateral {in-ter -me-de-o-lat' -er-al) [in- 
 ter-; medius, middle; latus, side]. Both 
 lateral and intermediate, as the intermedio- 
 lateral tract of the spinal cord. 
 
 Intermeningeal {in-ter --men-in'-je-al) [inter-; 
 HTjvcy^, membrane]. Between the dura and 
 the arachnoid, or between the latter and the 
 pia. I. Hemorrhage, a hemorrhage between 
 the meninges of the brain or spinal cord. 
 
 Intermenstrual (in - ter - men'-stru - al) [inter-; 
 mensis, month]. Between the menstrual 
 periods. 
 
 Intermesoblastic {in-ter-mes-o-blast f -ik). Be- 
 tween the layers or between the lateral plates 
 of the mesoblast. 
 
 Intermetacarpal {in-ter-met-a-kar'-pal) [inter-; 
 metacarpus]. Between the metacarpal bones. 
 
 Intermission {in-ter -mish' -un) [see Intermit- 
 tent]. An interval, as between the paroxysms 
 of a fever or between the beats of the pulse. 
 
 Intermittent {in-ter -mit'-ent) [inter-; mittere, 
 to send or occur]. Occurring at intervals; 
 characterized by intermissions or intervals, 
 
 as intermittent fever, intermittent insanity, 
 intermittent pulse, intermittent sterilization. 
 
 Intermural {in-ter -mu' -ral) [inter-; murus, a 
 wall]. Occurring or lying between the walls 
 of an organ. 
 
 Intermuscular (in-ter -mus' -ku-lar) [inter-; mus- 
 culus, a muscle]. Situated between muscles. 
 
 Internal {in-ter' -nal) [internus, inward]. Situ- 
 ated within or on the inside. I. Capsule, 
 the band of white nerve-matter between the 
 optic thalamus and caudate nucleus on the 
 inner, and the lenticular nucleus on the outer, 
 side. It is the continuation of the eras cere- 
 bri, and consists of an anterior and a posterior 
 limb joined at an angle, termed the knee. 
 It is composed of fibers coming from and 
 going to the cortex cerebri. I. Medicine, 
 that branch of medicine which treats of dis- 
 ease affecting the internal organs. I. Ob- 
 lique. See Obliquus internus under Mus- 
 cle. I. Rectus. See Rectus internus under 
 Muscle. I. Resistance. See Resistance, 
 Internal. 
 
 Internasal {in-ter-na'-zal) [inter-; nasus, the 
 nose]. Between the nasal bones. 
 
 Interne {in' -tern) [Fr.]. An indoor or resident 
 physician in a hospital. 
 
 Internodal (in-ter-no'-dal). Situated between 
 two nodes. See Internode. 
 
 Internode {in' -ter -nod) [inter-; nodus, a knot]. 
 The space between two nodes of a nerve- 
 fiber, as the internode between the nodes of 
 Ranvier. Syn., Internodal segment. 
 
 Internuncial {in-ter-nun'-she-al) [inter-; nun- 
 cius, a messenger]. Serving as a connecting 
 or announcing medium, as internuncial fibers, 
 nerve-fibers connecting nerve-cells. 
 
 Internus {in-ter' -nus). i. See Internal. 2. 
 The rectus internus muscle of the eye. 
 
 Interorbital {in-ter -or' -bit-al) [inter-; orbita, 
 the orbit]. Situated between the orbits. 
 
 Interosseous {in-ter -os'-e-us) [inter-; os, a 
 bone]. Between bones, as interosseous arte- 
 ries, membrane, muscles, or nerves. 
 
 Interparietal (in-ter-par-i' -e-tal) [inter-; paries, 
 a wall]. Between walls; between the parietal 
 bones, as interparietal suture; between parts 
 of the parietal lobe, as interparietal fissure. 
 
 1. Bone, a name sometimes given to the 
 upper, squamous, and noncartilaginous part 
 of the occipital bone. 
 
 Interpeduncular {in-ter-pe-dung'-ku-lar) [in- 
 ter-; pedunculus, a little foot]. Situated be- 
 tween the cerebral or cerebellar peduncles. I. 
 Space, the pons tarini, or posterior perfo- 
 rated space that forms the posterior portion 
 of the floor of the third ventricle. 
 
 Interphalangeal {in -ter-ja-lan'-je-al) [inter-; 
 (f)aXay$,a. finger]. Between the fingers or the toes. 
 
 Interpleuricostal (in-ter-plu-re-kos'-tal). Be- 
 tween the pleura and ribs. I. Muscles, the 
 internal pleuricostal muscles. 
 
 Interpolar {in-ter-po'-lar). 1. See Intrapolar. 
 
 2. Between the poes of an electric baltery; 
 applied to the effect -of the current acting 
 through the whole region of the body between 
 the two poles as contrasted with the polar 
 
INTERPOSITION 
 
 518 
 
 INTRAABDOMINAL 
 
 effect taking place at the point of application 
 of the electrode. 
 
 Interposition {in-ter -po-zish' -un) [inter positio, 
 a placing between]. The development of 
 anatomic structures between existing ones. 
 
 Interproximal {in-ter -pr ok' -sim-al) [inter-; 
 proximus, next]. Between adjoining surfaces. 
 
 Interpubic {in-ter -pu'-bik) [inter-; pubis]. Sit- 
 uated between the pubic bones. 
 
 Interradial (in-ter-ra' '-de-al) [inter-; radius, a 
 ray]. Situated between two rays. 
 
 Interrupted {in-ter-up' -ted) [see Interrupter]. 
 Discontinuous; broken; irregular. 
 
 Interrupter {in-ter-up' -ter) [interrumpere, to 
 break apart]. That which interrupts; spe- 
 cifically, a device for breaking an electric 
 current. 
 
 Interscapular {in-ter-skap' -u-lar) [inter-; scap- 
 ula, the shoulder-blade]. Between the shoul- 
 der-blades. 
 
 Interstices {in-ter' -stis-ez) [inter stitium, a 
 space between]. Spaces or intervals; also, 
 pores. 
 
 Interstitial {in-ter -stish' -al) [see Interstices]. 
 i. Situated between important parts; occu- 
 pying the interspaces or interstices of a part. 
 2. Pertaining to the interstitial or connective 
 tissue. I. Inflammation, inflammation of 
 the interstitial or connective tissue. I. Kera- 
 titis. See Keratitis, Interstitial. I. Nephritis. 
 See Nephritis, Interstitial. I. Pneumonia. 
 See Pneumonia, Interstitial. 
 
 Intersystole {in-ter-sis' -to-le) . The interval be- 
 tween the end of the auricular systole and the 
 beginning of the ventricular one. 
 
 Intertransversales {in-ter-trans-ver-sa'-les) [see 
 Intertransverse]. Short bundles of muscular 
 fibers extending between the transverse pro- 
 cesses of contiguous vertebras. 
 
 Intertransverse {in-ter-trans-vers f ) [inter-; 
 transversus, turned across]. Connecting the 
 transverse processes of contiguous vertebras. 
 
 Intertrigo {in-ter-tri'-go) [inter-; terere, to rub]. 
 An erythematous eruption of the skin pro- 
 duced by friction of adjacent parts. 
 
 Intertrochanteric {in-ter-tro-kan-ter'-ik) [inter-; 
 trochanter] Between the trochanters. I. 
 Line. See Line, Intertrochanteric. 
 
 Intertubular {in-ter -tu' -bu-lar) [inter-; tubulus, 
 a tube]. Between tubes. I. Substance, the 
 translucent, granular substance of the dentin 
 of the tooth. 
 
 Interureteric {in-ter-u-re-ter' '-ik) [inter-; ouprjx-qp, 
 ureter]. Situated between the ureters. 
 
 Interval {in' -ter-val) [inter-; vallum, a rampart]. 
 A space or lapse, either of time or distance, 
 as the interval between the paroxysms of a 
 fever. I., Cardioaortic, the interval between 
 the apex-beat and the arterial pulse. I., 
 Focal, the distance between the anterior and 
 posterior focal points. 
 
 Intervallary {in-ter -v al' -a-re) [see Interval]. 
 Occurring between paroxysms of a disease. 
 
 Intervascular {in-ter-vas' -\u-lar) [inter-; vas- 
 culum, a small vessel]. Located between 
 vessels. 
 
 Interventricular {in-ter-ven-trik' -u-lar) [inter-; 
 
 ventriculum, a ventricle]. Situated between 
 ventricles. I. Septum, the partition between 
 the ventricles of the heart. 
 
 Intervertebral {in-ter -ver' -te-bral) [inter-; verte- 
 bra, a bone of the spine]. Between the ver- 
 tebras. I. Discs, the discs of fibrocartilage 
 between the adjacent surfaces of the bodies 
 of the vertebras. I. Foramen. See Fora- 
 men, Intervertebral. I. Notch, the notch at 
 the base of the pedicle on the sides of the 
 body of each vertebra. 
 
 Intervillous {in-ter -vil' -us) [inter-; villus, a 
 tuft of hair]. Situated between villi. 
 
 Intestinal {in-tes' -tin-al) [see Intestine]. Per- 
 taining to the intestine. I. Absorption, the 
 absorption of the products of digestion by 
 the capillaries, veins, and lacteals of the mucous 
 membrane of the intestine. I. Anastomo- 
 sis. See Anastomosis, Intestinal. I. Canal, 
 the entire intestinal passage from the begin- 
 ning of the duodenum to the anus. I. Con- 
 cretion. See Enterolith. I. Juice, the 
 secretion of the intestinal glands, a pale- 
 yellow fluid, alkaline in reaction, having a 
 specific gravity of ion, and possessing 
 diastasic and proteolytic properties. It also, 
 to a certain extent, emulsifies and decom- 
 poses fats. Syn., Succus entericus. 
 
 Intestine {in-tes' -tin) [intestinus, intestine, 
 from intus, within]. The part of the diges- 
 tive tube extending from the beginning of the 
 pylorus to the anus. It consists of the small 
 and large intestine. The former is about 6f 
 meters (20 feet) in length, and extends from 
 the pylorus to its junction with the large 
 intestine at the cecum. Three divisions are 
 described — the duodenum, 22 cm. long, is 
 the most important; the jejunum, 2.2 meters 
 long, and the ileum, 4 meters long. The large 
 intestine is about 1.6 meters (5 feet) long, 
 and consists of the cecum (with the vermiform 
 appendix), the colon, and the rectum. The 
 wall of the intestine is made up of four coats — 
 a serous, muscular, submucous, and mucous. 
 Embedded in the wall are minute glands, 
 and projecting from the surface, in the small 
 intestine, are the villi. The function of the 
 intestine is to continue and complete the 
 changes begun in the mouth and stomach 
 and to remove the waste-matter, or feces. 
 
 Intima {in'-tim-ah) [intimus, inmost]. The in- 
 nermost of the three coats of an artery. 
 
 Intolerance {in-toV -er-ans) [in, not; tolerare, 
 to bear]. The inability to endure the effect 
 of anything, as a drug. 
 
 Intort {in' -tort). To turn inward. 
 
 Intoxication {in - toks - ik - a' - shun) [in, in; 
 to^ckov, poison]. 1. Poisoning. 2. The 
 acute state produced by overindulgence in 
 alcohol. 
 
 Intoxications {in-toks-ik-a' '-shuns) [see In- 
 toxication]. A general name for the group 
 of diseases due to the administration of poisons 
 generated entirely outside of the body. 
 
 Intra- {in-trah-). A prefix signifying within. 
 
 Intraabdominal {in-trah-ab-dom' -in-al) [intra-; 
 abdomen]. Within the cavity of the abdomen. 
 
INTRAACINAR 
 
 519 
 
 INTRALIGAMENTOUS 
 
 Intraacinar, Intraacinous (in-trah-as'-in-ar, spindle]. Pertaining to the striated muscular 
 
 -us) [intra-; acinus, a berry]. Situated or fibers contained in a muscle-spindle. 
 
 occurring within an acinus. Intragalvanization (in - trah - gal - van -i- za'- 
 
 Intraarterial (in-trah-ar-te'-re-al). See Endar- shun). The application of galvanism to the 
 
 terial. inner surface of an organ. 
 
 Intraarticular (in-trah-ar-tik'-u-lar) [intra-; ar- Intragastric (in-trah-gas'-trik). Located or 
 
 ticulus, a joint]. Within a joint. occurring within the stomach. 
 
 Intrabronchial (in-trah- 
 
 brong' -ke-al) . Within a 
 
 bronchus. 
 Intracapsular (in - trah - 
 
 kap'-su-lar) [intra-; cap- 
 
 sula, a capsule]. Within 
 
 the capsular ligament of 
 
 a joint, as intracapsular 
 
 fracture. 
 Intracartilaginous (in- 
 
 trah-kar-til-aj' -in-us) [in- 
 tra-; cartilago, cartilage]. 
 
 Within a cartilage, as 
 
 intracartilaginous ossifi- 
 cation; endochondral. 
 Intracellular (iu-trah-seV - 
 
 u-lar) [intra-; cellula, a 
 
 little cell]. Within a cell. 
 Intracerebellar (in-trah- 
 
 ser-e-bel'-ar). Within the 
 
 cerebellum. 
 Intracerebral (in - trah - 
 
 ser'-e-bral) [intra-; cere- 
 
 brum]. Within the cere- 
 brum. 
 Intracervical (in - trah - 
 
 ser'-vik-al) [intra-; cer- 
 vix]. Within the cervical 
 
 canal of the uterus. 
 Intracisor (in-trah-si' -zor) 
 
 [intra-; cadere, to cut]. A 
 
 hemostatic forceps which 
 
 cuts or crushes the in- 
 
 »tima of an artery and 
 removes the necessity of 
 a ligature. 
 Intracranial (in-trah-kra'- 
 
 ne-al) [intra-; upavcov, 
 
 the skull]. Within the 
 
 skull. 
 Intrad (in' -trad). See 
 
 Entad. 
 Intradermic (in-trah-der' - 
 
 mik) [intra-; dkpixa, skin]. 
 
 Within the skin. 
 Intradilated (in-trah-di- 
 
 la'-ted) [intra-; dilare, to 
 
 expand]. Expanded 
 
 within. 
 Intradural (in-trah-dn'- 
 
 ral) [intra-; dura]. Situ- 
 ated or occurring within 
 
 the dura. 
 Intraepidermal, Intraepidermic (in-trah-ep- Intra jugular (in-trah-ju'-gu-lar). Within or 
 
 i-derm f -al, -ik). Within the substance of the internal to the jugular foramen, vein, or 
 
 epidermis. process. 
 
 Intraf aradization (in - trah - far - ad-i-za' -shun) . Intraligamentous (in -trah- lig -am- en'-tus) 
 
 Faradization applied to the inner surface of [intra-; ligamentum, a ligament]. Within or 
 
 a body-cavity. between the folds of a ligament, as an intra- 
 
 Intrafusal (in-trah-fu' -zal) [intra-; Jusus, a ligamentous cyst. 
 
 The Stomach and Intestine, Front View, the Great Omentum Having 
 Been Removed, and the Liver Turned up and to the Right. — 
 (Gerrish, after Testut.) 
 
 The dotted line shows the normal position of the anterior border of the liver. 
 The dart points to the foramen of Winslow. 
 
INTRALOBULAR 
 
 520 
 
 INULA 
 
 Intralobular (in-trah-lob' -u-lar) [intra-; lobulus, 
 a little lobe]. Within a lobule, as the intralob- 
 ular vein of the liver. 
 
 Intramedullary (in-trah-med'-ul-a-re) [intra-; 
 medulla, marrow]. Within the medulla. 
 
 Intramembranous {in - trah - mem' - bran - us) 
 [intra-; membrana, a membrane]. Developed 
 or taking place within a membrane, as intra- 
 membranous ossification. 
 
 Intrameningeal (in-trah-men-in' -je-al) [intra-; 
 H^vcj^, membrane]. Situated within the sub- 
 stance of the membranes of the brain or 
 spinal cord. 
 
 Intramural (in-trah-mu'-raT) [intra-; mura, a 
 wall]. Within the substance of the walls of 
 an organ, as intramural fibroid of the uterus. 
 
 Intramuscular (in-trah-mus' -ku-lar) [intra-; 
 musculus, a muscle]. Within the substance 
 of a muscle. 
 
 Intranasal (in-trah-na' -sal) [intra-; nasus, 
 nose]. Within the cavity of the nose. 
 
 Intraocular (in-trah-ok' '-u-lar) [intra-; ocnlus, 
 eye]. Within the globe of the eye, as intra- 
 ocular hemorrhage. 
 "Intraorbital (in-irah-or'-bit-at) [intra-; orbita, 
 orbit]. Within the orbit. 
 
 Intraparenchymatous {in - trah - par -en- ki'- 
 mat-us) [intra-; parenchymal. Within the 
 parenchyma; between the elements of a 
 tissue. 
 
 Intraparietal {in - trah - par - i' - e - tal) [intra-; 
 paries, a wall], i. Within the wall of an 
 organ. 2. Within the parietal region of the 
 cerebrum, as the intraparietal fissure. 
 
 Intrapelvic (in-trah-peV -vik) [intra-; pelvis, 
 basin]. Within the pelvic cavity. 
 
 Intraperitoneal {in-trah-per-it-on-e' -at) [intra-; 
 peritoneum]. Within the peritoneum. 
 
 Intrapleural {in-trah-plu' -ral) [intra-; pleura]. 
 Within the pleural cavity. 
 
 Intrapolar {in-trah-po' -lar) [intra-; polus, pole]. 
 Between two poles. 
 
 Intrapulmonary {in-trah-puV -mon-a-re) [intra-; 
 pulmonury]. Within the substance of the 
 lung. 
 
 Intrarachidian {in-trah-rak-id f -e-an). Intra- 
 spinal. 
 
 Intraspinal (in-trah-spi'-naT) [intra-; spina, 
 spine]. Within the spinal canal. 
 
 Intrathoracic {in-trah-tho-ras'-ik) [intra-; 
 6ojpa%, chest]. Situated or occurring within the 
 thorax. 
 
 Intratubal (in-trah-tu'-bal) [intra-; tuba, a 
 trumpet]. Within a fallopian tube. 
 
 Intratympanic (in - trah - tim - pan'-ik) [intra-; 
 tympanum]. Within the tympanic cavity. 
 
 Intrauterine {in-trah-u 1 '-ter-in) [intra-; uterus]. 
 Within the uterus. 
 
 Intravaginal (in-trah-vaj'-in-al). Within the 
 vagina. 
 
 Intravascular (in-trah-v as' -ku-lar) [intra-; vas- 
 culum, a small vessel]. Within the blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Intravenous (in-trah-ve' -nus) [intra-; vena, a 
 vein]. Within or into the veins. I. Injection, 
 the introduction of a solution directly into a 
 
 Intravesical (in-trah-ves' -ik-al) [intra-; vesica, 
 bladder]. Within the bladder. 
 
 Intravital, Intravitam {in-trah-vi'-tal, -tarn) 
 [intra-; vita, life]. Occurring during life. 
 I. Stain, one that will act upon living ma- 
 terial. 
 
 Intrinsic (in - trin' - sik) [intrinsecus, on the 
 inside]. Inherent; situated within: peculiar 
 to a part, as the intrinsic muscles of the 
 larynx. 
 
 Intro- (in-tro-). A prefix signifying within. 
 
 Introitus (in-tro' -it-us) [intro-; ire, to go]. An 
 aperture or entrance. I. pelvis, the inlet 
 of the pelvis. I. vagina?, the entrance to 
 the vagina. 
 
 Intromission (in-tro-mish'-un) [intro- ; mittere, 
 to send]. The introduction of one body into 
 another. 
 
 Introsusception (in-tro-sus-sep' -shun) [intro-; 
 suscipere, to receive]. Intussusception. 
 
 Introversion (in-tro-ver' -shun) [intro-; vertere, 
 to turn]. A turning within, as a sinking 
 within itself of the uterus. 
 
 Intubation (in-tu-ba' -shun) [in, in; tubus, a 
 pipe]. 1. The introduction of a tube into a 
 part, particularly of a tube into the larynx, 
 to allow the entrance of air into the lungs, 
 as in diphtheria. 2. Catheterism. 
 
 Intubator (in'-tu-ba-tor). An instrument used 
 in introducing a tube in intubation. 
 
 Intumescence (in-tu-mes' -ens) [intumescere, to 
 swell]. A swelling. 
 
 Intumescentia (in-tu-mes-en 1 '-she-ah) [L.]. A 
 swelling. I. gangliformis, the reddish, 
 gangliform swelling of the facial nerve in the 
 aqueduct of Fallopius. I. semilunaris. See 
 Ganglion, Gasserian. 
 
 Intussusception (in-tus-sus-ep' -shun) [intus, 
 within; suscipere, to receive]. Invagina- 
 tion or slipping of one part of the intestine 
 into the part beyond. It is most frequent in 
 the young, occurring, as a rule, on the right 
 side, the ileum slipping into the ascending 
 colon, carrying the ileocecal valve in front of 
 it. The condition is characterized by pain, 
 tenesmus, frequent small bloody stools, the 
 presence of a sausage-shaped tumor in the 
 flank, and often, on rectal examination, of a 
 mass in the rectum. I., Ascending, I., 
 Regressive, I., Retrograde, that form in 
 which the lower part of the intestine is invagi- 
 nated in the upper. I., Descending, I., 
 Progressive, that form in which the upper 
 part of the intestine is invaginated in the 
 lower. 
 
 Intussusceptum (in-tus-sus-sep' -turn) [see In- 
 tussusception]. In intussusception, the in- 
 vaginated portion of intestine. 
 
 Intussuscipiens (in-tus-sus-sip' -e-enz) . In in- 
 tussusception, the invaginating segment of 
 the intestine. 
 
 Inula (in'-u-lah) [L.]. Elecampane. The 
 root of I. helenium, a plant of the natural 
 order Composite?, containing a principle re- 
 sembling starch and termed inulin, a crys- 
 talline body, alantic acid (C ]5 H 20 O 2 ), alantol 
 (C 10 H 16 O), and helenin (C 6 H s O). Elecam- 
 
INULASE 
 
 521 
 
 IODIN 
 
 pane is tonic, stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, 
 emmenagog, and expectorant, and has been 
 used in amenorrhea, dropsy, and in scaly 
 skin diseases. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 
 Gm.). 
 
 Inulase (in'-u-ldz). An enzym found in the 
 roots of Inula helenium and in the bulb of 
 squill. It decomposes inulin, but has no 
 action on starch, and is destroyed by exces- 
 sive alkalinity or acidity. 
 
 Inulin (in' -u-lin) [inula]. 1. C 6 H 10 O 5 . A carbo- 
 hydrate from elecampane and other plants. 
 2. A precipitate from the tincture of the root 
 of Inula helenium; an aromatic stimulant, 
 tonic, and expectorant. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.06- 
 0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Inulol (in'-u-lol). See Alantol. 
 
 Inunction {in-ungk' -shun)[inungere, to anoint]. 
 The act of rubbing an oily or fatty substance 
 into the skin; also, the substance used. 
 
 Invagination (in-vaj-in-a'-shun) [in, in; va- 
 gina, a sheath]. The act of insheathing or 
 becoming insheathed. 
 
 Invalid (in'-val-id) [in, not; validus, strong]. 
 1. Not well. 2. One who is not well, 
 especially one who is chronically ill or whose 
 convalescence is slow. 3. Suitable for an 
 invalid person, as invalid diet, invalid chair. 
 
 Invasion (in-va'-zhun) [in, upon; vadere, to 
 go]. The onset, especially that of a disease; 
 also, the manner in which the disease begins 
 its attack. 
 
 Inversion (in-ver'-shun) [in, in; verier e, to 
 turn]. 1. The act of turning inward. 2. A 
 turning upside down. 3. In chemistry, the 
 conversion of a dextrorotatory compound 
 into one that is levorotatory. I. of Bladder, 
 a condition, occurring only in females, in 
 which the bladder is in part or completely 
 pushed into the dilated urethra. 
 
 Invertase (in-ver'-tdz). Same as Invertin. 
 
 Invertebrata (in-ver-te-bra'-tah) [in, not; 
 vertebra]. Animals that have no spinal 
 column. 
 
 Invertin [in-ver r -tin) [in, not; verier e, to turn]. 
 A ferment found in the intestinal juice, and 
 produced by several species of yeast-plant; 
 it converts cane-sugar in solution into invert- 
 sugar. 
 
 Invert-sugar. A sugar that turns rays of 
 polarized light to the left. The term is 
 usually applied to levulose or to a mixture 
 of dextrose and levulose. 
 
 Investing ' (in-ves'-ting). Insheathing; sur- 
 rounding. 
 
 Investiture, Investment (in-vest'-i-chur, in- 
 vest' -ment) [in, in; vestere, to clothe]. A 
 sheath; a covering. I., Fibrous (of the 
 suprarenal capsule), a sheath of connective 
 tissue composed of an outer loose portion 
 and an inner part adhering closely to the 
 capsule; its deeper layers contain unstriped 
 muscle-fiber. Syn., Involucrum renis suc- 
 centuriati. I. , Myelin, the medullary sheath. 
 
 Inveterate (in-vet'-er-at) [in, with an inten- 
 sive force; vetus, old]. Long established; 
 ■ obstinate, as an inveterate skin disease. 
 
 Invious (in'-ve-us) [in, not; via, a way]. Im- 
 penetrable; impervious. 
 
 Inviscation (in-vis-ka' -shun) [in, in; viscum, 
 bird-lime]. Insalivation. 
 
 In vitro (in vit'-ro) [L.]. Within glass, 
 especially within test-tubes. 
 
 Involucrum (in-vol-u 1 '-kruni) [involvere, to 
 inwrap]. The covering of a part. The 
 sheath of bone enveloping a sequestrum. 
 
 Involuntary [in-voV -un-ta-re) [in, not; volun- 
 tarius, willing]. Performed or acting inde- 
 pendently of the will. I. Muscles, those 
 that are not governed by the will. 
 
 Involution (in-vo-lu' -shun) [involvere, to roll 
 upon]. 1. A turning or rolling inward. 2. 
 The retrogressive change to their normal 
 condition that certain organs undergo after 
 fulfilling their functional purposes. I. -forms, 
 a term applied to microorganisms that have 
 undergone degenerative changes as a result 
 of unfavorable environment. I. of the 
 Uterus, the return of the uterus after gesta- 
 tion to its normal weight and condition. 
 
 Inymenitis iin-im-en-i' -tis) . See Inohymeni- 
 tis. 
 
 Iodacetyl {i-o-das' -et-il) . See Acetyl Iodid. 
 
 Iodalbacid (i-o-dal-bas'-id). Iodin (10%) 
 combined with albumin. In treatment of 
 syphilis, dose, 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 3 to 6 times 
 daily. 
 
 Iodamyl {i-o-dam' -il) . 1. See Amyl Icdid. 
 2. See lodamylum. I.-formol, a combina- 
 tion of formaldehyd, starch, thymol, and 
 iodin. 
 
 lodamylum (i-od-am f -il-um) . Iodized starch; 
 employed internally in the proportion of 5 
 parts of iodin to 95 parts of starch. Dose 
 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.6 Gm.); externally in slug- 
 gish ulcers. 
 
 Iodanitin, Iodanitol (i-od-an'-it-in, -ol). 
 A combination of iodin and anitin; a 
 bactericid. 
 
 Iodethane, Iodethyl (i-od' -eth-dn, -il). See 
 Ethyl Iodid. 
 
 Iodethylformin (i-od-eth-il-form'-in), C 6 H 12 - 
 N 4 (C 2 H 5 I). A proposed substitute for iodids 
 for internal use. 
 
 Iodic (i-od'-ik). Obtained from or containing 
 iodin; also due to the use of iodin. I. Acid. 
 See Acid, Iodic. 
 
 Iodid (i'-o-did) [see Iodin]. A compound of 
 iodin with a base. 
 
 Iodin, Iodum (i'-o-din, i-o'-dum) [cujotjc, violet- 
 colored, from "tov, a violet; eldoc, like]. 
 Symbol I; atomic weight 126.53; quantiva- 
 lence I; specific gravity 4.948 at 17 C. 
 (62. 6° F.). A nonmetallic element with 
 metallic luster, volatilizing at a low tem- 
 perature, and giving off an irritating, crimson- 
 purple vapor. It occurs in most marine 
 plants, in shell-fish, and in cod-liver oil. It 
 is soluble in alcohol and in solutions of 
 potassium iodid and of sodium chlorid. It 
 is a powerful irritant, and is used chiefly as 
 an alterative in scrofula and rickets; as an 
 absorbent in goiter and lymphatic enlarge- 
 ments; as a counterirritant, and to produce 
 
IODINOPHIL 
 
 522 
 
 IODOFORMIN 
 
 inflammatory reaction in hydrocele and other 
 cysts. The long-continued use of iodin and 
 its preparations produces a form of poison- 
 ing termed iodism. See Iodism. I. -green, 
 a green pigment derived from coal-tar, used 
 in histologic work. I. Liniment (linimentum 
 iodi, B. P.), is used locally. I. Oint- 
 ment (unguentum iodi, U. S. P.), used 
 locally as an absorbent. I. Pentoxid. See 
 Acid, Iodic. I. -phosphor, a combination 
 of phosphorus, ■£$ gr., in 20 min. of iodipin 
 of 25 % strength. It is used hypodermati- 
 cally in neurasthenia, spinal sclerosis, gout, 
 etc. Dose 20 min. (1.2 Cc). I. Reaction, 
 iodophilia developed by exposing a dried 
 blood-smear to the action of a solution con- 
 taining 3 parts of potassium iodid and 1 part 
 of iodin in 100 parts of water, brought to 
 syrupy consistence by adding lumps of gum- 
 arabic. I., Solution of, Compound (liquor 
 iodi compositus, U. S. P.), Lugol's solution. 
 Dose 1-10 min. (0.065-0.65 Cc). I., Tincture 
 of (tinctura iodi, U '. S . P .) . Dose 5-15 min. 
 (0.32-1.0 Cc). It is chiefly used locally. I. 
 Tribromid, IBr 3 , a dark-brown fluid recom- 
 mended for spraying in diphtheric sore 
 throat of children: 1 part in 300 of water. 
 I. Vapor (vapor iodi, B. P.), is used for in- 
 halation. 
 
 Iodinophil (i-o-din' '-o-fil) [iodin; (frcXelv, to love]. 
 Having an affinity for iodin stain. A his- 
 tologic element staining readily with iodin. 
 
 Iodinophilia (i-o-din-o-fil' -e-ah) . See Iodo- 
 philia. 
 
 Iodiodoformin (i-o-di-o-do-form'-in), C 6 H 12 N 4 . 
 CHI3. A light -brown, insoluble powder 
 obtained from hexamethylentetramin by 
 action of iodin; it is recommended as a sub- 
 stitute for iodin. 
 
 Iodipin (i-o' -di-pin) . An addition -product of 
 iodin, 10 to 25 %, and sesame oil; used in 
 syphilis, sciatica, etc. Dose, by mouth, 
 1-4 dr. (3.7-15.0 Cc.) of 10% solution; 
 enema, 5-7 oz. (148-207 Cc); subcutaneous 
 injection, 1-2 dr. (3.7-7.5 Cc) of 25% 
 solution. 
 
 Iodism (i'-o-dizm) [iodin]. A condition aris- 
 ing from the prolonged use. of iodin or iodin 
 compounds, marked by frontal headache, 
 coryza, ptyalism, and various skin-eruptions, 
 especially acne; rarely by a cachexia with 
 atrophy of the sexual organs and marked 
 nervous symptoms. 
 
 Iodized (i'-o-dizd) [iodin]. Impregnated with 
 iodin. 
 
 Iodoalbumin (i-o-do-aV -bu-min) . A com- 
 pound of iodin and albuminoids used in 
 myxedema. 
 
 Iodocaffein (i-o-do-kaf'-e-in). Colorless crys- 
 tals, soluble in water, decomposing in hot 
 water, obtained from a solution of potassium 
 iodid and caffein by action of sulfureted 
 hydrogen. 
 
 Iodocasein (i-o-do-ka' -se-in) . An antiseptic 
 yellow powder with odor of iodin, prepared 
 from iodin and casein; it is used as a vulner- 
 ary. 
 
 Iod.och\oroTLy<\)iinolm(i-o-do-klor-oks-e-kwiri- 
 
 ol-in). A bactericide used in surgery as a 
 substitute for iodoform. Syn., Vioform. 
 
 Iodocol, Iodokol (i-o' -do-kol) . A compound 
 of iodin and guaiacol; used in tuberculosis, 
 croupous pneumonia, etc. Dose 3-6 gr. 
 (0.2-0.4 Gm.) 4 or 5 times daily. 
 
 Iodocresol (i-o-do-kre' -sol) , C 7 H 7 IO. A com- 
 pound of iodin and cresol; an odorless yellow 
 powder proposed as a substitute for iodo- 
 form. Syn., Traumatol. 
 
 Iodocyanid (i-o-do-si'-an-id). A double salt 
 made up of a cyanid and an iodid of the same 
 base. 
 
 Iododerma (i-o-do-derm'-ah) [iodin; dip/xa, 
 skin]. Skin diseases due to use of iodin and 
 its preparations. 
 
 Iodoeugenol (i-o-do-u'-jen-ol), C 10 H u IO 2 . A 
 compound of iodin and eugenol-sodium; a 
 yellow, inodorous, insoluble powder, melting 
 at 150 C. It is used as an antiseptic. 
 
 Iodoform, Iodoformum (i-o' -do- form, i-o-do- 
 form'-um) [iodin; forma, form], CHI 3 . A yel- 
 low, finely crystalline substance having a pecu- 
 liar penetrating odor, and containing about 
 9 6 . 7 % of iodin by weight . It is readily soluble 
 in chloroform and ether, less readily in alcohol, 
 and but slightly in water. Iodoform is anti- 
 septic and anesthetic, and is used as a dress- 
 ing to wounds and syphilitic and chancroi- 
 dal ulcers, either in powder or in the form of 
 iodoform gauze. In tuberculous affections, 
 when it can be directly introduced, it has 
 yielded good results, being in such cases 
 usually employed in the form of an emulsion 
 in olive-oil or as an ethereal solution. In- 
 ternally it has been used as an alterative in 
 goiter, rickets, pulmonary tuberculosis, and 
 syphilis. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 
 The use of large quantities locally has led to 
 the production of toxic symptoms, which 
 resemble those of meningitis, and to fatty 
 degeneration of the internal organs. Syn., 
 Formyl triiodid; Triiodomethane . I., De- 
 odorous, a combination of iodoform and 
 thymol. Syn., Anozol. I. Gauze, gauze 
 impregnated with iodoform. I. Ointment 
 (unguentum iodoformi, U. S. P.) , used as a local 
 antiseptic and stimulant. I. Oleate, a 
 mixture of 2 % of iodoform in oleic acid. It 
 is used as an external antiseptic on ulcers 
 and abrasions. I.-salol, a mixture of iodo- 
 form and phenyl salicylate; used as an anti- 
 septic in old wounds and in cavities. I. 
 Suppositories (suppositoria iodoformi, B. P.), 
 used after rectal operations and in fissure 
 of the anus. 
 
 Iodoformal (i-o-do-form'-al), C 6 H 12 N 4 . C 2 H 5 - 
 I . CHI3. A yellow powder produced by the 
 combination of ethyl-hexamethylentetramin 
 hydriodid and iodoform. It is used as a sub- 
 stitute for iodoform. 
 
 Iodoformin (i-o-do-form'-in), (CH 2 ) 6 N 4 . CHI 3 . 
 An inodorous compound of iodoform, 75%, 
 with hexamethylentetramin. I. -mercury, 
 a yellowish, insoluble powder recommended 
 as an antiseptic. 
 
IODOFORMOGEN 
 
 523 
 
 IPECAC 
 
 Iodoformogen {i-o-do-form'-o-jen). A com- 
 pound of iodoform, 10%, and albumin, 
 forming a bright yellow, very light powder, 
 insoluble in water and sterilizable at ioo° C. 
 
 Iodogene, Iodogenin {i-o'-do-jen, i-o-do'-je- 
 nin). A disinfectant, said to be a mixture 
 of charcoal and potassium iodate, molded 
 into cones. Iodin is liberated on combus- 
 tion. 
 
 Iodogenol {i-o-do'-jen-ol). A compound of 
 iodin and peptonized albumin proposed as 
 a succedaneum for the iodin preparations 
 ordinarily employed internally. 
 
 Iodoglandin (f-o-do- gland* '-in). A preparation of 
 thyroid gland said "to contain no thyroidin. 
 
 Iodoglobulin {i-o-do-glob' -u-lin) . A substance 
 derived from the thyroid gland, said to be 
 more soluble than thyroidin. 
 
 Iodol, Iodolum {i'-o-dol, i-o'-io-te),C 4 I 4 .NH. 
 An odorless, grayish-brown powder, soluble in 
 alcohol and in ether, and used as a substitute 
 for iodoform, and also in the treatment of dia- 
 betes fnellitus. Dose ^-5 gr. (0.032-0.32 Gm.). 
 Syn., Tetraiodo pyrrol. I.-caffein, C 8 H 10 - 
 N 4 2 .C 4 I 4 NH, a light-gray, crystalline pow- 
 der, insoluble in water, containing 74.6% of 
 iodol and 25.4% of caffein. It is a surgical 
 antiseptic. Syn., Caffeinated iodol. I. -men- 
 thol, a mixture of 1 part of menthol with 99 
 parts of iodol. 
 
 Iodolen, Iodolene, Iodoline {i-o'-do-len, -len). 
 An iodol albumin compound said to contain 
 36% of iodin. It is a yellowish, granular 
 powder, without odor or taste, soluble in hot 
 alkaline solutions. It is a succedaneum for 
 iodids internally and a nonirritant external 
 antiseptic. In tertiary syphilis, dose, 30 gr. 
 (2 Gm.) 6 to 10 times daily. 
 
 lodomethane {i-o-do-meth' -an) . Methyl iodid. 
 
 Iodometric {i-o-do-mef -rik) 1. Relating to 
 iodometry. 2. In chemic analysis, relating to 
 the process or act of determining the quan- 
 tity of a substance by its reaction with a stand- 
 ard solution of iodin. 
 
 Iodometry {i-o-dom' -et-re) [iodin; pthpov, a 
 measure]. The estimation of the iodin-con- 
 tent in a compound. 
 
 Iodomuth {i-o'-do-muth), Bi 8 C 7 H 7 I 2 O s . A red- 
 dish-brown powder containing bismuth and 
 25 % of iodin. It is siccative, antiseptic, and 
 alterative. Dose 1-10 gr. (0.06-0.6 Gm). 
 
 Iodonaftan {i-o-do-naf '-tan) . An ointment-base 
 containing 3% of iodin. 
 
 Iodophen {i-o' -do-fen). See Nosophen. 
 
 Iodophenacetin {i-o-do-fe-nas'-et-in). See Io- 
 dophenin. 
 
 Iodophenin {i-o-do-fe'-nin) . [iodin; phenyl], 
 C 2 oH2 5 I 3 N 2 4 . A combination of iodin and 
 acetphenetidin. It is an effective bactericide. 
 
 Iodophenochloral {i-o-do-fe-no-klo'-ral). A 
 brown fluid used in skin diseases due to 
 parasites; it is said to consist of equal parts of 
 phenol, tincture of iodin, and chloral hydrate. 
 
 Iodophenol {i-o-do-fe'-nol). A solution of 20 
 parts of iodin in 76 parts of fused phenol 
 with 4 parts of glycerol. 
 
 Iodophil {i-o' -do- fit). See Iodinophil. 
 
 Iodophilia {i-o-do-fiV -e-ah) [iodin; (friXn'iv, to 
 love]. A pronounced affinity for iodin; the 
 term is applied to the protoplasm of leuko- 
 cytes in purulent conditions. 
 
 Iodophosphid {i-o-do- }os' -fid). A combina- 
 tion of an iodid with a phosphid. 
 
 Iodoserum {i-o-do-se'-rum). A solution of 
 sodium chlorid, 6 parts, and potassium iodid, 
 2 parts, in 1000 Cc. of water; it is used as a 
 sedative and in syphilis. 
 
 Iodosin, Iodosinum {i-o'-do-sin, i-o-do-si'- 
 num). A compound of iodin, 15%, and 
 albumin; it is proposed as a succedaneum 
 for iodothyrin. 
 
 Iodoterpin {i-o-do-ter'-pin), C 10 H ]6 I. A com- 
 bination of iodin, 50%, and terpin; a dark- 
 brown liquid with the odor of turpentine. It 
 is used as a substitute for iodoform. 
 
 Iodothein {i-o -do -the' -in). Colorless crystals 
 or white powder obtained from sodium iodid 
 with thein by action of sulfureted hydrogen; 
 it is soluble in water, decomposes in hot 
 water. It is used to increase systolic action 
 and arterial pressure of the heart. Dose 
 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.) 2 to 6 times daily in 
 cachets. 
 
 Iodotheobromin {i-o-do-the-o-bro'-min). A 
 reaction-product of theobromin, a solution 
 of potassium iodid and sulfureted hydrogen. 
 It is diuretic, stimulant, and alterative, and 
 is used in cardiac affections. Dose 5-8 gr. 
 (0.32^.52 Gm.). 
 
 Iodothymoform {i-o-do-thi 1 '-mo-form) . Iodo- 
 thymol formaldehyd, a condensation-prod- 
 uct of thymol and formaldehyd; it is used 
 as a wound antiseptic. 
 
 Iodothymol {i-o-do-thi' -mol) . See Aristol. 
 
 Iodothyrin {i-o-do-thi' -rin) . A lactose tritu- 
 ration of the active constituents of thyroid 
 glands of sheep. One grain contains 0.3 
 mg. of iodin. It is alterative and discutient. 
 Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.) daily. Syn., 
 Thyrein; Thyreoiodin; Thyroiodin. 
 
 Iodovasogen {i-o-do-vaz' -o-jen) . A solution of 
 iodin in vasogen; it is recommended in in- 
 filtrated and spreading ulcers of the cornea. 
 
 Iodozen {i-o'-do-zen), C 6 H 2 I 2 (COOCH 3 .ONa). 
 An iodin derivative of methyl salicylate used 
 as an external antiseptic and discutient. 
 
 Iodozone {i-o'-do-zon). A combination of 
 iodin and ozone; it is used as a mouth-wash 
 and as an inhalation in tuberculosis. 
 
 Iodum {i-o'-dum). See Iodin. 
 
 loduret {i-od'-u-ret) [iodin]. An iodid. 
 
 Ion {i'-on) [iov, going]. An element set 
 free by electrolysis, and classified as an 
 anion or kation, according as it is set free at 
 the positive or negative pole. 
 
 Ionization {i-on-i-za' -shun) [ion]. Electroly- 
 tic dissociation; the production of ions. 
 
 Iophobia {i-o-fo'-be-ah) [cog, poison; <f)6fl(a, 
 fear]. A morbid dread of poisons. 
 
 Iotacism {i-o' -tas-izm) [Iwra, the Greek letter 
 I]. Inability to pronounce distinctly the 
 proper sound of the letter i. 
 
 Ipecac, Ipecacuanha {ip'-e-kak, ip-e-kak-u- 
 an'-ah) [Braz., ipecaaguen]. The dried root 
 
IPOMEIN 
 
 524 
 
 IRIGENIN 
 
 of Cephaelis ipecacuanha, a plant of the 
 order Rubiacece, containing an alkaloid, 
 emetin, C^H^^Og, and ipecacuanhic acid. 
 In large doses ipecac is emetic; in small doses, 
 diaphoretic and expectorant; and in minute 
 doses, a gastric stimulant. It is used as an 
 emetic, especially in narcotic poisoning, and, 
 in children, to dislodge membranes and 
 secretions in croup and capillary bronchitis; 
 as a diaphoretic in acute colds, as an ex- 
 pectorant in bronchitis, as a sedative (in 
 minute doses in vomiting), and in dyspepsia 
 as a stimulant. It is said to be a specific in 
 tropical dysentery. Emetin is emetic in 
 doses of |-| gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.), but irri- 
 tant in large doses. L, Fluidextract of 
 {fiuidextr actum ipecacuanha, U. S. P.). Dose 
 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). I. and Opium, 
 Powder of (pulvis ipecacuanhce et opii, U. S. 
 P.; pulvis ipecacuanha compositus, B. P.), 
 Dover's powder. Dose 2-15 gr. (0.13-1.0 
 Gm.). I. and Opium, Tincture of (tinctura 
 ipecacuanhce et opii, U. S. P.). Dose 5-10 
 min. (0.32-0.65 Co). I., Syrup of (syrupus 
 ipecacuanhce, U. S. P.). Dose, as an emetic, 
 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc.) for a child; J-i 
 oz. (16-32 Cc.) for an adult; as an expec- 
 torant, 5 min.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 Co). I., 
 Wine of {vinum ipecacuanhce, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1 min. -1 dr. (0.065-4.0 Co). 
 
 Ipomein (ip-o-me'-in). A glucosid, C 78 H 132 - 
 36 , from the root of Ipomcea fastigiata. 
 
 Ipsilene (ip'-sil-en). A gas used as a disin- 
 fectant, obtained from iodoform by action 
 of ethyl chlorid with heat and pressure. 
 
 Iretol (i'-ret-ol) [Iris; a genus of plants], 
 C 7 H 8 4 . A phenol obtained by fusing 
 irigenin with potash; it melts at i&6° C. Syn., 
 Methoxyphloroglucin. 
 
 Iridadenosis (ir-id-ad-en-o'-sis) [iris; dd-qv, 
 gland]. A glandular affection of the iris. 
 
 Iridal (ir'-id-al) [iris]. Relating to the iris. 
 
 Iridectomize (ir-id-ek' -tom-lz) [iridectomy]. 
 To excise a part of the iris; to perform iridec- 
 tomy. 
 
 Iridectomy {ir-id-ek' -to-me) [iris; iKro/irj, ex- 
 cision]. The cutting out of a part of the 
 iris. 
 
 Iridencleisis, Iridenkleisis (i-rid-en-kW -sis) . 
 See Iridodesis. 
 
 Irideremia (i-rid-er-e r -me-ah) [iris; ipy/xla, 
 lack]. Absence of one or both irises. 
 
 Iridescence (ir-id-es'-ens) [iridescere, to shine 
 with rainbow-colors]. The property of 
 breaking up light into the spectral colors. 
 
 Iridesis (i-rid-e'-sis). See Iridodesis. 
 
 Iridic {i-rid'-ik) [iris]. Pertaining to the iris. 
 
 Iridin (i' -rid-in) [iris]. 1. A precipitated ex- 
 tract of blue flag. See Iris (2). 2. A 
 glucosid from the rhizome of Iris florentina. 
 
 Iridium (i-rid' -e-um) [iris]. A platinoid 
 metal; alloyed in small percentage with 
 platinum it confers rigidity upon the latter. 
 The alloy is used as plate in mechanic 
 dentistry. 
 
 Irido- (i-rid-o-) [iris]. A prefix meaning relat- 
 ing to the iris. 
 
 Iridocapsulitis (i-rid-o-kap-su-li'-tis) . Inflam- 
 mation involving the iris and the capsule of 
 the lens. 
 
 Iridocele (i-rid' '-o-sel) [irido-; ktjXtj, hernia]. 
 Protrusion of part of the iris through a 
 wound or ulcer. 
 
 Iridochoroiditis (i-rid-o -ko -r oid-i' -tis) [irido-; 
 choroid; ace, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of both the iris and the choroid of the eye. 
 
 Irido coloboma (i-rid-o-kol-o-bo'-mah) [irido-; 
 KoX6j3a>/j.a, a mutilation]. 1. The portion of 
 iris removed in iridectomy. 2. See Coloboma. 
 
 Iridocyclectomy (i-rid-o-si-klek' -to-me) [irido-; 
 kukXoc, circle; enro/ir), excision]. Excision of 
 the iris and of the ciliary body. 
 
 Iridocyclitis (i-rid-o -sik-W -tis) [irido-; kukXoc, a 
 circle; czeg, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the iris and the ciliary body. 
 
 Iridocystectomy (i-rid-o-sist-ek' -to-me) [irido-; 
 k'jotic, bladder; i/cro/xTj, excision]. Knapp's 
 operation for making a new pupil when 
 iridocyclitis or iridocapsulitis following cata- 
 ract operations or trauma has closed'the old. 
 
 Iridodesis (i-rid-od' -es-is) [irido-; deacg, a bind- 
 ing together]. An operation for the purpose 
 of altering the position of the pupil by draw- 
 ing the iris into one or two small openings in 
 the cornea and preventing its return by a 
 loop of silk placed around it. 
 
 Iridodialysis (i-rid-o-di-aV -is-is) . 1. See Core- 
 dialysis. 2. The separation of the iris from 
 its attachments. 
 
 Iridodonesis (i-rid-o-do-ne' -sis) [irido-; d6vt}0'.c, 
 a trembling]. Tremulousness of the iris; 
 hippus. 
 
 Iridol (i'-rid-ol) [Iris, a genus of plants], C 7 H 5 - 
 (OCH 3 ) 2 OH. A phenol obtained from dis- 
 tillation of iridic acid (C 10 H l2 O 6 ) from orris- 
 root. 
 
 Iridoleptynsis (i-rid-o-lep-tin' -sis) [irido-; Utt- 
 tuvocc, attenuation]. Attenuation or atrophy 
 of the iris. 
 
 Iridoparelkysis (i-rid-o -par -el' -kis -is) [irido-; 
 TtapeXnecv, to draw aside]. An induced pro- 
 lapse of the iris to effect displacement of the 
 pupil. 
 
 Iridoplatinum (i-rid-o-plat' -in-um) . An alloy 
 of iridium and platinum; used in making 
 electrodes, etc. 
 
 Iridoplegia (i-rid-o-ple' -je-ah) [irido-; 7i\r)yq, 
 stroke]. Paralysis of the sphincter of the iris. 
 
 Iridorhexis (i-rid-o-reks'-is) [irido-; pfj&c, a 
 breaking]. Rupture of the iris. 
 
 Iridosclerotomy (i-rid-o-skler-of '-o-me) [irido-; 
 onkripbc, hard; xeptvecv, to cut]. Puncture of 
 the sclera with division of the iris. 
 
 Iridosis (i-rid-o' -sis) . See' Iridodesis. 
 
 Iridosteresis (i-rid-o-ster-e'-sis). See Aniridia 
 and Irideremia. 
 
 Iridotomy (i-rid-ot' -o-me) [irido-; roptr), sec- 
 tion]. An incision into the iris. 
 
 Irigenin (i-rif -en-in) , C I0 Hi 6 O 8 . A resolution- 
 product of the glucosid iridin by action of 
 dilute sulfuric acid. It has the properties 
 of a phenol, forms crystals melting at 186 C, 
 and gives an intense violet color with ferric 
 chlorid. 
 
IRIS 
 
 Iris (i r -ris) [Ipec, a halo or rainbow], i. A 
 colored circular membrane placed between 
 the cornea and the lens, and having a central 
 perforation, the pupil. It is about half an 
 inch in breadth, and consists principally of 
 
 Ktwo sets of unstriped muscular fibers, the 
 sphincter of the iris, or sphincter pupillce, a 
 narrow zone of circular fibers surrounding 
 the pupil, and the dilator of the iris, or dilator 
 pupillce, a radiate band of fibers extending 
 from the pupil to the border of the iris. 2. 
 A genus of plants of the natural order Iri- 
 dece. The rhizome of Iris versicolor (blue 
 flag) is cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. 
 Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). I. -contrac- 
 tion. See under Reflex. I., Florentine, 
 orris-root, the root of Iris florentina, emeto- 
 cathartic and diuretic. At present it is used 
 chiefly as an ingredient of tooth-powders. 
 I.-pigment, the chemically pure pigment of 
 the bovine eye; triturated with water it is 
 used for tattooing corneal opacities. 
 
 Irish Moss. See Chondrus. 
 
 Irisin (i'-ris-in). Same as Iridin. 
 
 Iritic (i-rit'-ilz) [iritis]. Of the nature of, per- 
 taining to, or affected with iritis. 
 
 Iritis (i-ri'-tis) [iris; exec, inflammation]. In- 
 flammation of the iris. 
 
 Iritoectomy (i-rit-o-ek' -to-me) [iris; hro/ir], a 
 cutting out]. The removal of a portion of 
 the iris and iritic membrane for occlusion 
 of the pupil. 
 
 Iritomy (i-rif '-o-me) . See Iridotomy. 
 
 Iron (i'-ern). See Ferrum. I. Albuminate, 
 contains 5 % ferric oxid or 10 % ferric chlorid. 
 Dose 10-30 gr. (1.3—2.0 Gm.). I. and Am- 
 monium Acetate, Solution of {liquor ferri 
 et ammonii acetatis, U. S. P.). Dose 4 dr. 
 (16 Cc). I. Ammonium Alum. See Ferric 
 Ammonium Sulfate. I. and Ammonium 
 Citrate. See Ferric Citrate, Soluble. I. and 
 Ammonium Tartrate. See Ferric Ammo- 
 nium Tartrate. I. Arseniate (Jerri arsenias, 
 B. P.), chiefly valuable for the arsenic it con- 
 tains. Dose jq-j gr. (0.006-0.008 Gm.). I. 
 Bromid, used in solution in doses of 20 min. 
 (1.2 Cc.) 3 times daily, as an alterative tonic 
 in chorea and scrofula. I. Cacodylate, 
 used in chlorosis, etc. Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13- 
 0.26 Gm.) daily; hypodermatically J-i| 
 gr. (0.03-0.09 Gm.). I. -casein, I. Cas- 
 emate, a flesh-colored precipitate with- 
 out taste or odor, obtained from casein of 
 milk with iron lactate, containing 5.2% of 
 ferric oxid; it is used as a nutritive. Dose 
 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 Syn., Ferrum caseinatum; Iron nucleoalbumi- 
 nate. I. Ferrocyanid, dark-blue powder 
 or lumps obtained from ferric salts with 
 potassium ferrocyanid; it is used as a tonic, 
 antiperiodic, and cholagog. Dose 2-5 gr. 
 (0.13-0.32 Gm.). Syn., Berlin blue; Ferric 
 ferrocyanid; Insoluble iron cyanid; Prussian 
 blue. I. Glycerinophosphate, FeP0 4 C 3 - 
 H 5 (OH.) 2 +2H 2 0, yellow scales, soluble in 
 water. It is used in neurasthenia, phos- 
 phaturia, Addison's disease, etc. Dose 2 gr. 
 
 525 IRON 
 
 (0.13 Gm.) 3 times daily. I. Lactate, fer- 
 rous lactate, a salt occurring in minute whitish- 
 green crystals. Dose 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.). I. 
 Mixture, Compound (mistura ferri composita, 
 U. S. P.), Griffith's mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. 
 (30-60 Cc). I. Nucleoalbuminate. See 
 I. -casein. I. Oleate, a brownish-green, 
 sticky substance containing Fe(C 18 H 33 2 ) 2 . 
 It is soluble in ether and is used as a tonic 
 inunction. I. Oxalate. Dose 2-3 gr. (0.13- 
 0.2 Gm.). I. Oxid, Hydrated. See Ferric 
 Hydroxid. I., Oxid of, Magnetic (Jerri oxidum 
 magneticum, B. P.). Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 
 Gm.). I. Paranucleinate, a nutritive prep- 
 aration of casein of cows' milk, containing 
 22 % of iron and 2.5 % of phosphorus. Dose 
 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., Trifer- 
 rin. I. Peptonate, contains 5 % of red iron 
 oxid with peptone; a fine yellow-brown pow- 
 der. Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.). I. Per- 
 chlorid. See Ferric Chlorid. I. Persulfate. 
 Seel .Sulfate, Ferric. I. Phosphate (ferri phos- 
 phas, B. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 I. Phosphate, Ferric, Fe 2 (P0 4 ) 2 , white pow- 
 der, soluble in acids; used externally in solu- 
 tion with dilute phosphoric acid for cari- 
 ous teeth. Ointment 10 to 20% in carci- 
 noma. I. Phosphate, Soluble. See Ferric 
 Phosphate, Soluble. I. Phosphosarcolactate. 
 See Carniferrin. I. and Potassium Tartrate 
 (Jerri et potassii tartras, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. 
 (0.25 Gm.). I. and Quinin Citrate (Jerri et 
 quinince citras, U. S. P.). Dose 5—15 gr. (0.32- 
 1.0 Gm.). I. and Quinin Citrate, Soluble 
 (ferri et quinince citras solubilis, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). I., Quinin, 
 and Strychnin, Glycerite of the Phosphates 
 of (glyceritum ferri, quinince et strychnine 
 phosphatum, U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. (1 Cc). 
 I., Quinin, and Strychnin Phosphates, 
 Elixir of (elixir ferri, quinince et strychnines 
 phosphatum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 I., Quinin, and Strychnin Phosphates, 
 Syrup of (syrupus ferri, quinince et strychnince 
 phosphatum, U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 I., Reduced. See Ferrum reductum. I. and 
 Strychnin Citrate (ferri et strychnince citras, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 
 I. Succinate, Fe(OH)C 4 H 4 4 , amorphous, 
 reddish-brown powder, tonic and alterative, 
 used as solvent in biliary calculi. Dose 1 
 teaspoonful of the salt with 10 drops of 
 chloroform 4 to 6 times daily. Syn., Ferric 
 succinate. I. Sulfate, Ferric, Fe 2 (S0 4 ) 3 , a 
 grayish-white powder used as a disinfectant 
 and bactericide. Syn., Iron persulfate; Iron 
 sesquisulfate; Iron tersulfate; Normal ferric 
 sulfate. I. Tannate, a salt in crimson scales. 
 Dose 8-30 gr. (0.52-2.0 Gm.) in 24 hours. I. 
 Valerianate, a dark -red, amorphous powder. 
 Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). I. Vitelli- 
 nate, a preparation of iron and yolk of egg. 
 I., Wine of (vinum ferri, U. S. P.). Dose 2 
 dr. (8 Cc). I., Wine of, Bitter (vinum ferri 
 amarum, U. S. P.), made from the soluble citrate 
 of iron and quinin. Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
 See also under Ferric, Ferrous, and Ferrum. 
 
IRONAL 
 
 526 
 
 ISCHIOPUBIC 
 
 Ironal, Ironol (i'-ron-al,-ol). A preparation 
 
 said to contain 80% of absorbable iron. 
 Irone (i'-ron) [Iris, a genus of plants; -one, 
 suffix signifying keton], C 13 H 20 O. A sub- 
 stance isolated from Iris florentina, believed 
 to be the mother-substance of the odorous 
 constituents of orris-root. 
 Irradiation (ir-a-de-a' -shmiy [in, on; radiare, 
 to radiate]. 1. A phenomenon in which,- 
 owing to the difference in the illumination of 
 the field of vision or its background, objects 
 appear much larger than they really are. 
 2. Diffusion in all directions from a common 
 center; applied to nerve impulses, stellate 
 fractures, pains felt in some position in 
 undemonstrable anatomic connection with 
 an affected organ, etc 
 Irreducible [ir-e-du' -si-bl) [in, not; reducer e, 
 to lead back]. Not reducible; not capable 
 of being replaced in a normal position, as an 
 irreducible hernia. 
 Irregular (ir-eg'-u-lar) [in, not; regula, rule]. 
 Not regular; not normal or according to 
 rule; not rhythmic; not recurring at proper 
 intervals, as an irregular pulse. 
 Irrespirable (ir-es-pi'-ra-bl) [in, not; respirare, 
 to breathe]. Not capable of being breathed. 
 Irrigation (ir-ig-a'-shun) [irrigare, to lead 
 water to]. The act of washing out by a 
 stream of water, as irrigation of the bladder. 
 I., Continuous, the continuous passage of 
 a stream of water over a surface in order to 
 reduce or limit inflammation. 
 Irrigator (ir'-ig-a-tor) [see Irrigation]. An 
 
 apparatus for performing irrigation. 
 Irritability (ir-it-ab-iV -it-e) [irritare, to excite]. 
 1. The state of being irritable or of respond- 
 ing to stimuli. 2. A functional disturbance of 
 a part on account of which it reacts exces- 
 sively to slight stimulation, as irritability of 
 the bladder, a condition in which the urine 
 is voided in small quantities at short inter- 
 vals. I., Contact, a phenomenon shown 
 by Loeb in muscular movement by action of 
 various salts, e. g., a frog's muscle previously 
 treated with a Na salt the anion of which 
 precipitates Ca is excited by contact with 
 such substances as oil, water, air, etc., unlike 
 a normal muscle. I., Faradic, the state in 
 which the faradic current will cause muscular 
 contraction. I., Galvanic, the ' state in 
 which the galvanic current will cause muscu- 
 lar contraction. I., Muscular, the inherent 
 contractile quality of a muscle. I . , Nervous , 
 the property of a nerve to transmit impulses 
 upon stimulation. 
 Irritable (ir' -it-a-bl) [see Irritability]. 1. 
 Reacting to stimuli. 2. Easily excited. I. 
 Bladder, a condition of the bladder marked 
 by constant desire to void urine. I. Heart, 
 a peculiar condition of the heart character- 
 ized by precordial pain, dyspnea on exertion, 
 palpitation, and irregularity of the heart's 
 action. 
 Irritant (ir' -it-ant) [see Irritability]. 1. 
 Causing or giving rise to irritation. 2. An 
 agent that induces irritation. 
 
 Irritation (ir-it-a'-shun) [see Irritability]. 1. A 
 condition of undue excitement. 2. The act 
 of irritating or stimulating. 3. The- stimu- 
 lus necessary to the performance of a func- 
 tion. 
 Irritative [ir f -it-a-tiv) [see Irritability]. Char- 
 acterized by or dependent on irritation. I. 
 Fever, a febrile condition dependent upon 
 the presence in the body of irritating sub- 
 stances. 
 
 Isambert's Disease. Tuberculous ulcera- 
 tion of the mouth, fauces, and pharynx. 
 
 Isapiol (is-ap' -e-ol) ['cooe, equal; apiol], C 12 H, 4 - 
 4 . An isomer of apiol obtained from it 
 by action of alcoholic solution of potassium 
 hydroxid with heat. In physiologic prop- 
 erties it differs but slightly from apiol. 
 
 Isatin (i'-sat-in) [caaxcc, woad], C 8 H 5 N0 2 . A 
 substance obtained by the oxidation of 
 indigo with HNO s . 
 
 Ischemia (is-ke' -me-ah) Ylay^cv, to check; 
 al/ia, blood]. Local anemia. 
 
 Ischemic (is-kem'-ik) [see Ischemia]. Affected 
 with or relating to ischemia. 
 
 Ischeocele (is'-ke-o-sel). See Ischiocele. 
 
 Ischialgia {is-ke-al' -je-ah) [ischium; aljog, 
 pain]. Sciatica; neuralgia of the hip. 
 
 Ischias, Ischiasis (is'-ke-as, is-ki'-a-sis). See 
 Ischialgia. 
 
 Ischiatic (is-ke-at'-ik) [ischium]. Pertaining 
 to the ischium. 
 
 Ischidrosis (is-kid-ro'-sis) faxi-cv, to suppress; 
 cdpojc, sweat]. 'Suppression of sweat. 
 
 Ischio- (is-ke-o-) [ischium]. A prefix indi- 
 cating relationship to the ischium or the hip. 
 
 Ischioanal (is-ke-o-a' '-nal) [ischio-; anus]. 
 Pertaining to the ischium and anus. 
 
 Ischiobulbar (is-ke-o-buV -bar) [ischio-; [H6X- 
 ftoc, a bulb]. Pertaining to the ischium and 
 the bulb of the urethra. 
 
 Ischiocapsular (is-ke-o-kap'-su-lar) [ischio-; 
 capsula, a capsule]. Pertaining to the isch- 
 ium and the capsular ligament of the hip. 
 
 Ischiocavernosus (is-ke-o-kav-er-no'-sus) [isch- 
 io-; caverna, cavern]. The erector penis 
 (or erector clitoridis). 
 
 Ischiocele (is f -ke-o-sel) [ischio-; ktjXtj, hernia]. 
 Hernia through the sciatic notch. 
 
 Ischiofemoral (is-ke-o- fern' -o-ral) [ischio-; 
 femur]. 1. Pertaining to the ischium and the 
 femur. 2. The adductor magnus muscle. 
 
 Ischioneuralgia (is-ke-o-nu-ral' '-je-ah) [isch- 
 io-; neuralgia]. Sciatica. 
 
 Ischiopagy {is-ke-op'-aj-e) [ischio-; nayoc, 
 anything which has become solid]. A 
 double monstrosity in which the two bodies 
 are united at the coccyx and sacrum. 
 
 Ischioperineal (is-ke-o-per-in-e'-al) [ischio-; 
 perineum]. 1. Pertaining to both ischium 
 and perineum; pertaining to the space 
 between the anus, and the scrotum. 2. 
 See Transversus perincei under Muscle. 
 
 Ischioprostatic (is-ke-o-pros-tat r -ik). 1. Re- 
 lating to the ischium and the prostate. 2. 
 The transversus perinaei muscle. 
 
 Ischiopubic (is-ke-o-pu'-bik). Relating to the 
 ischium and the pubes. ' 
 
ISCHIORECTAL 
 
 527 
 
 ISOMETRIC 
 
 Ischiorectal (is-ke-o-rek'-tal) [ischio-; rectum]. 
 Pertaining to both ischium and rectum. I. 
 Abscess, an inflammation of the areolar 
 tissue of the ischiorectal fossa. I. Fossa. 
 See Fossa, Ischiorectal. 
 
 Ischium (is'-ke-um) [co%cov, hip]. The in- 
 ferior part of the os innominatum; the bone 
 upon which the body rests in sitting. 
 
 Ischochymia {is-ko-ki'-me-ah) [cayjcv, to sup- 
 press; ^/iof, juice]. Dilation of the stomach. 
 
 Ischogalactia {is-ko-gal-ak' -te-ah) [cayecv, to 
 suppress; jbla, milk]. Suppression of the 
 natural flow of milk. 
 
 Ischomenia {is-ko-me' -ne-ah) Vcoxecv, to sup- 
 press; p.T\v, month; menses]. Suppression of 
 the menstrual flow. 
 
 Ischuretic (is-ku-ref '-ik) [see Ischuria], i. 
 Relating to or relieving ischuria. 2. A 
 remedy or agent that relieves retention or 
 suppression of urine. 
 
 Ischuria (is-ku' '-re-ah) ['cayecv, to suppress; 
 oopov, urine]. Retention or suppression of 
 urine. 
 
 Isinglass (i'-zing-glas). See Ichthyocolla. I., 
 Vegetable. See Agar. 
 
 Island (i'-land). See Insula and Blood-islands.- 
 I.s, Langerhans', little cellular masses in 
 the interstitial connective tissue of the pan- 
 creas, subject to various interpretations. 
 I. of Reil, a group of five or six small convo- 
 lutions (gyri operti) situated at the bottom 
 of the fissure of Sylvius. 
 
 Iso- (i-so-) ['iooc, equal]. A prefix signifying 
 equal, or, in chemic nomenclature, isomeric. 
 
 Isoagglutinin {i-so-ag-lu' -tin-in) [iso-; agglu- 
 tinin]. An agglutinin in the blood of an 
 individual capable of agglutinating the blood- 
 corpuscles of another individual of the same 
 species. 
 
 Isoamylamin {i-so-am-iV -am-in) [iso-; amy- 
 lum, starch; amin]. A ptomain obtained in 
 the distillation of horn with potassium hy- 
 droxid; it also occurs in the putrefaction of 
 yeast. 
 
 Iso-bodies (i-so-bod'-ez). See Isoagglutinin, 
 Isocytolysin, Isohemolysin, etc. 
 
 Isochromatic (i-so-kro-mat'-ik) [iso-; yp(bp.a, 
 color]. Having the same color throughout. 
 
 Isochronous (i-Sok'-ro-nus) [iso-; xpovoc, time]. 
 Occurring at or occupying equal intervals 
 of time. 
 
 Isocoria (i-so-ko' -re-ah) [iso-; rcop-r), pupil] 
 Equality in diameter of the two pupils. 
 
 Isocreatinin {i-so-kre-at'-in-in), C 4 H 7 N 3 0. An 
 isomer of creatinin isolated from decompos- 
 ing flesh. 
 
 Isocytolysin (1-so-si-toV -is-in) [iso-; kutoc, cell; 
 Xuecv, to loose]. A cytolysin from the blood 
 of an animal, capable of acting against the 
 cells of other animals of the same species. 
 Cf. Isohemolysin. 
 
 Isodiametric (i-so-di-am-et' '-rik) [iso-; dm, 
 through; pihpov, a measure]. Having equal 
 diameters. 
 
 Isodynamic (i-so-di-nam' '-ik) [iso-; duvap.cc, 
 force]. Having or generating equal amounts 
 of force. I. Foods, those that produce an 
 
 equal amount of heat in undergoing the 
 chemic changes of digestion. 
 
 Isoelectric (i-so-e-lek f -trik) [iso-; TjXeKvpov, 
 amber]. Having the same electric properties 
 throughout. 
 
 Isoerythroagglutinin [i-so-er-ith-ro-ag-lu'-tin- . 
 in). See Isoagglutinin. 
 
 Isohemoagglutinin {i-so-hem-o-ag-lu' -tin-in) . 
 See Isoagglutinin. 
 
 Isohemolysin {i-so-hem-oV -is-in) [iso-; alp.a, 
 blood; Auecv, to loose]. In Ehrlich's lateral- 
 chain theory, a hemolysin capable of acting 
 against the blood of other animals of the 
 same species as the one producing it, but 
 capable of hemolizing the red blood-corpus- 
 cles only of such as have red blood-corpuscle 
 receptors very similar to or identical with the 
 receptors of the blood giving rise to the 
 hemolysin. Cf. Isocytolysin. 
 
 Isoidiolysin {i-so-id-e-oV -is-in) . See Idioisoly- 
 sin. 
 
 Isolactose (i-so-lak' -toz) . A disaccharid or 
 true sugar formed by the action of an enzym 
 on lactose or milk-sugar. 
 
 Isolate {is'-o-lat) [isola, from insula, an 
 island]. To separate; to place apart. 
 
 Isolysin {i-soV -is-in) [iso-; Xuecv, to loose]. A 
 lysin produced in the blood of an animal by 
 the blood-cells of another animal of the same 
 species. 
 
 Isolysis {i-sol f -is-is). The hemolytic action 
 of the blood-serum of an animal of one 
 species upon the corpuscles of another in- 
 dividual of the same species. 
 
 Isomaltose {i-so-mawl'-tdz), C 12 H 22 O u . A 
 saccharose formed by the action on starch 
 of an enzym capable of producing maltose. 
 It occurs in small quantity in the urine. 
 
 Isomer {i'-som-er) [iso-; pepog, a part]. An 
 isomeric body. See Isomeric. 
 
 Isomeric (i-so-mer'-ik) [see Isomer] . Of a 
 chemic substance, composed of the same 
 elements united in the same proportions by 
 weight; in a restricted sense, composed of 
 the same elements and having the same 
 molecular weight as another substance. 
 
 Isomerism {i-som' -er-izm) [see Isomer]. The 
 quality of being isomeric. Isomerism is of 
 two kinds — (1) substances may have the 
 same percentage-composition and the same 
 molecular weights; these are termed meta- 
 meric; (2) they may have the same percent- 
 age-composition, but different molecular 
 weights; these are termed polymeric. Am- 
 monium cyanate, CON.NH 4 , and urea, 
 CON 2 H 4 , are metameric; acetylene, C 2 H 2 , 
 benzene, QHg, and styrene, C 8 H 8 , are 
 polymeric. I., Physical, the form in which 
 bodies that are isomeric and do not differ 
 chemically present different physical proper- 
 ties, such as their action toward polarized 
 light. _ 
 
 Isometric (i-so-met'-rik) [iso-; pirpov, a mea- 
 sure]. Of the same dimensions. I. Muscular 
 Act, the preservation of the length of a 
 muscle when stimulated, the muscle under- 
 going change in tension only. 
 
ISOMETROPIA 
 
 528 
 
 IVORY 
 
 Isometropia (i-so-met-ro' -pe-ah) [iso-; pkxpov, 
 a measure; axp, eye]. Equality of kind and 
 degree in the refraction of the two eyes. 
 
 Isomorphic (i-so-mor' -fik) [iso-; pop<fir), form]. 
 Having the same form; of crystals, crystalliz- 
 ing in the same form. 
 
 Isomorphism (i-so-mor' -fizm) [see Isomor- 
 phic]. Similarity in crystalline form. 
 
 Isomorphous (i-so-mor' '-Jus) . See Isomor- 
 phic. 
 
 Isopathy (i-sop'-ath-e) [iso-; nadoc, suffering]. 
 The treatment of disease by the administra- 
 tion of the causative agent or of its products, 
 as the treatment of smallpox by the admin- 
 istration of variolous matter. 
 
 Isopelletierin (i-so-pel-et' -e-er-in) . See Pelle- 
 tierin. 
 
 Isopepsin (i-so-pep' -sin) [iso-; pepsin], i. A 
 body formed by heating pepsin to a point 
 between 104 and 140 F. (4o°-6o°C). It 
 changes albumin into parapeptone. 2. 
 Same as Parapeptone. 
 
 Isophoria (i-so-)o' -re-ah) [iso-; <f>6poc, a tend- 
 ing]. A condition in which the eyes lie in 
 the same horizontal plane, the tension of the 
 vertical muscles of each eye being equal, and 
 the visual lines lying in the same plane. 
 
 Isopilocarpin (i-so-pi-lo-kar' -pin) . An alka- 
 loid from jaborandi isomeric with pilocarpin 
 and similar to it in physiologic effect, but 
 weaker. 
 
 Isopral (i f -so-pral) . Trichlorisopropyl alco- 
 hol. A hypnotic substance with odor of 
 camphor. 
 
 Isopters (i-sop'-terz) [iso-; dxrrjp, observer]. 
 The curves of relative visual acuity of the 
 retina, at different distances from the macula, 
 for form and for color. 
 
 Isothermal (i-so-ther' -mal) [iso-; deppy, heat]. 
 Of equal or uniform temperature. I. Lines, 
 lines drawn through places having the same 
 average temperature for a given period of 
 time. 
 
 Isotonic (i-so-ton' -ik) [iso-; rovoc, tension]. 1. 
 Having uniform tension or tonicity. 2. Ap- 
 plied to a solution of equal density, as the 
 blood or some other fluid taken as a stand- 
 ard. I. Salt Solution, one having the same 
 osmotic tension as the blood-serum; a 0.9% 
 or "normal salt solution." 
 
 Isotoxin (i-so-toks'-in) [iso-; xo^ckov, poison]. 
 A toxin elaborated in the blood of an animal 
 and toxic for animals of the same species. 
 
 Isotropic, Isotropous (i-so-trop'-ik, i-sot'- 
 ro-pus) [see Isotropy]. 1. Having the same 
 shape and appearance, from whatever point 
 observed. 2. Being singly refractive. 
 
 Isotropy (i-sot' -ro-pe) [iso-; xponi], turning]. 
 1. The condition of having equal or uniform 
 properties throughout. 2. In embryology, 
 Pfliiger's term for absence of predetermined 
 axes. 
 
 Issue (ish'-u) [Fr., issue, from exire, to go out]. 
 1. An ulcer or fistulous passage made and 
 kept up artificially for purposes of counter- 
 irritation. 2. Offspring. 3. A discharge or 
 flux. I. Pea, a pea-shaped foreign body, 
 
 as of ivy-wood or orris-root, inserted into an 
 issue to keep up suppuration. 
 
 Isthmocholosis (is-mo-kol-o' -sis) [isthmus; 
 Zohr), bile]. Angina accompanied with bil- 
 ious disorder. 
 
 Isthmopyra (is-mo-pi'-rah) [isthmus; nop, 
 fire]. Inflammation of the mucosa of the 
 fauces. 
 
 Isthmus (is'-mus) [hdp.Sc, isthmus]. 1. A 
 narrow, contracted part uniting two larger 
 parts of an organ. 2. See Brain-axis. I. 
 of the Fauces, the space between the 
 arches of the palate. I. of the Thyroid 
 Gland, the narrow part connecting the lobes 
 of the thyroid body. 
 
 Italian Leprosy. See Pellagra. I. Rhino- 
 plasty. See Operation, Italian. 
 
 Itch (ich) [AS., giccan, to itch]. 1. An irri- 
 tating sensation in the skin. 2. A name for 
 various skin diseases accompanied by itch- 
 ing, particularly scabies. I., Barber's. See 
 Sycosis parasitaria. I., Coolie, a superficial 
 vesicular dermatitis confined entirely to the 
 lower extremities, caused by the larvas of 
 Uncinaria duodenalis . It is endemic in Assam 
 and other tropical regions among the laborers 
 in tea-gardens and in damp soil. I., Cuban, 
 a disease supposed to be a mild form of 
 smallpox introduced by soldiers returning 
 from the Cuban war. I., Dhobie, a form 
 of ringworm locating itself under the arms 
 and between the legs when the skin is moist; 
 very troublesome to soldiers in the tropics. 
 Syn., Manila itch. I., Frost, pruritus 
 hiemalis. I. -mite. See Acarus scabiei. 
 
 -ite (-it). 1. A suffix employed in mineral- 
 ogy to denote a mineral or of mineral origin. 
 2. A suffix employed in chemistry for the 
 salt of an acid that has the suffix -ous. 
 
 Iter (i'-ter) [L.]. A passageway. I. ad in- 
 fundibulum, the passage between the third 
 ventricle of the brain and the infundibulum. 
 I. a tertio ad quartum ventriculum, the 
 aqueduct of Sylvius, extending from the 
 third ventricle to the fourth. I. chordae 
 anterius, the aperture through which the 
 chorda tympani nerve leaves the tympanum. 
 I. chordae posterius, the aperture through 
 which the chorda tympani nerve enters the 
 tympanum. 
 
 Iteral (i'-ter-al) [iter]. Relating to a passage, 
 particularly the sylvian aqueduct. 
 
 Ithycyphes, Ithycyphos (ith-e-si' -fez, -}os) 
 [Wi)KU<j>T)c, curved directly outward]. Hav- 
 ing a backward angular projection of the 
 spinal column. 
 
 Itinerarium (i-tin-er-a' -re-um) [iter]. A lith- 
 otomy staff. 
 
 -itis (-i-tis) [exec, inflammation]. A suffix used 
 to denote inflammation. 
 
 Itrol (it'-rol). Silver citrate. See under Silver. 
 
 Itrosyl (it'-ro-sil). Concentrated nitrous 
 ether. 
 
 Ivory (i'-vor-e) [eboreus, made of ivory, from 
 ebur, ivory]. The hard, bone-like substance 
 chiefly obtained from the tusks of elephants. 
 I. -black, animal charcoal. I., Decalcified, 
 
IXODES 
 
 529 
 
 (VON) JAKSCH'S DISEASE 
 
 ivory treated with acid and deprived 
 of inorganic constituents. I., Dental, 
 dentin. 
 
 Ixodes (iks-o'-dez) [/fof, bird-lime; eldoc, 
 form]. A genus of the order Acarida, in- 
 cluding most of the parasitic ticks. 
 
 Ixodic (iks-od'-ik) [see Ixodes]. Due to or de- 
 rived from ticks. 
 
 Ixodin {iks'-od-in) [see Ixodes]. A ferment 
 
 found in an extract of wood-ticks, obtained by 
 means of a physiologic salt solution. This 
 substance injected intravenously in large 
 quantities reduces blood-pressure and arrests 
 cardiac action. 
 Ixyomyelitis (iks-e-o-mi-el-i' '-tis) [c^ug. waist; 
 fiueXoc, marrow; eu£, inflammation]. In- 
 flammation of the lumbar portion of the 
 spinal cord. 
 
 J. Symbol of Joule's equivalent. 
 
 Jaborandi {jab -or -an' -de). See Pilocarpus. 
 
 Jaborandin {jab-o-ran' -din) . Synonym of 
 Pilocarpin. 
 
 Jacaranda (jak-ar-an'-dah). A genus of 
 bignoniaceous plants of tropical America, 
 several species of which are employed in 
 syphilis in Brazil. /. carabo is antisyphilitic 
 and is of service in the treatment of urethritis, 
 rheumatism, and skin diseases. Dose of the 
 fluidextract 16 min,-i dr. (1-4 Cc). /. lan- 
 cifoliata is used by the natives of Brazil in 
 urethritis. Dose of a 1 : 8 tincture 15 min. (1 
 Cc); of the fluidextract 16-30 min. (1-2 Cc). 
 /. procera is indigenous to South America, and 
 furnishes Caraiba bark, used in diarrhea and 
 dysentery. The leaves are tonic, diaphoretic, 
 and diuretic, and used in gonorrhea, gout, etc 
 
 Jaccoud's Dissociated Fever. Fever with 
 irregularity and slowness of the pulse in 
 tuberculous meningitis of adults. J.'s Sign. 
 
 1. A lateral displacement and rolling move- 
 ment of a portion of the thoracic wall in ad- 
 herent pericardium, especially when this is 
 associated with extrapericardiac adhesions. 
 
 2. Prominence of the aorta in the region of 
 the suprasternal notch in cases of aortic 
 dilation. 
 
 Jackson's Syndrome. Associated paralysis 
 of the soft palate and larynx, accompanied 
 by paralysis of the trapezius, the sternomas- 
 toid, and one-half of the tongue. 
 
 Jacksonian Epilepsy. Cortical epilepsy. 
 
 Jacob's Membrane. The layer of rods and 
 cones of the retina. J.'s Ulcer, rodent ulcer 
 of the face occurring most commonly near 
 the inner canthus. 
 
 Jacobson's Anastomosis. The tympanic 
 plexus. J.'s Canal, the tympanic canal that 
 opens on the lower surface of the petrous 
 portion of the temporal bone and transmits 
 Jacobson's nerve. J.'s Cartilage, a strip 
 of hyaline cartilage extending from the nasal 
 spine upward and backward between the 
 nasal septum and vomer; it is well developed 
 in certain animals, but rudimentary in man. 
 J.'s Nerve, the tympanic branch of the 
 glossopharyngeal nerve. J.'s Organ, a 
 short, rudimentary canal, extending along 
 the septum of Stenson's duct, and ending in 
 35 
 
 a culdesac J.'s Retinitis, diffuse syphilitic 
 retinitis. J.'s Sulcus, the vertical sulcus 
 for the tympanic nerve on the promontory of 
 . the tympanum. 
 
 Jacquemier's Sign. Blue coloration of the 
 vaginal mucosa appearing about the twelfth 
 week of pregnancy. 
 
 Jacquemin's Test for Phenol. Add to the 
 solution an equal amount of anilin and then 
 a solution of sodium hypochlorite; a blue 
 color is produced. 
 
 Jactitation {jak-tit-a'-shun) [jactitare, to pour 
 forth]. A tossing about, a condition at 
 times present in grave diseases. 
 
 Jadelot's Lines, J.'s Furrows. Certain 
 furrows of the face observed in conditions 
 of disease. Three sets are distinguished,: 
 The genal and nasal furrows are said to 
 indicate disease of the gastrointestinal tract 
 or abdominal viscera; the former runs from 
 the mouth toward the malar bone, the latter 
 from the nasal alas in a semicircle about the 
 mouth; the labial furrow, from the angle of 
 the mouth outward to the lower part of the 
 face, indicates disease of the lungs; the 
 oculozygomatic furrow, beginning at the inner 
 canthus of the eye, and passing outward 
 below the lower lid, to be lost on the cheek; 
 it is said to point to disorders of the nervous 
 system. 
 
 Jaffe's Reaction for Creatinin. Add to the 
 solution a solution of picric acid and a few 
 drops of sodium hydroxid solution, and warm. 
 The presence of creatinin is evinced by a red 
 coloration, which changes to yellow if acid 
 is added. Acetone and glucose give a similar 
 reaction. J.'s Sign, the flow of pus from a 
 tube inserted into a subdiaphragmatic abscess 
 is more abundant during inspiration than 
 during expiration; if the collection is thoracic, 
 the inverse holds true. Paralysis of the 
 diaphragm prevents the manifestation of 
 this sign. 
 
 Jail-fever. Typhus fever. 
 
 (von) Jaksch's Disease. Infantile pseudo- 
 leukemia, v. J.'s Test for Free Hydro- 
 chloric Acid in Gastric Juice , saturate filter- 
 paper with a solution of benzopurpurin 6 B, 
 and dry; this gives, with dilute solutions of 
 HC1, a beautiful violet color. If it assumes 
 
JALAP 
 
 530 
 
 JEJUNOCOLOSTOMY 
 
 a dark-blue color, the solution contains more 
 than 0.4 Gm. of HC1 in 100 Cc. of the solu- 
 tion, v. J.'s Test for Glucose in Urine, 
 
 to 6-8 Cc. of urine add 2 parts of phenylhy- 
 drazin hydrochlorate and 3 parts of sodium 
 acetate; warm, place the tube in boiling 
 water for from 20 to 30 minutes, then in cold 
 water. The presence of glucose is shown 
 by a precipitate consisting of groups of yellow 
 needles of phenylglucosazone. In doubtful 
 cases determine the melting-point of these 
 crystals to be 204°-205° C. v. J.'s Test for 
 Melanin, treat the liquid to be tested with 
 a few drops of a concentrated solution of 
 ferric chlorid. If melanin is present, it will 
 turn gray, and more ferric chlorid being 
 added, the precipitate, consisting of the 
 coloring-matter and the phosphates, is redis- 
 solved. v. J.'s Test for Uric Acid, allow 
 the powder to heat gently on a watch-glass 
 with a drop or two of chlorin or bromin 
 water. A red residue is formed which, when 
 cold, turns a purple red when ammonia is 
 added. 
 
 Jalap, Jalapa (jal'-ap, -ah) [from Jalapa, a city 
 of Mexico]. The tuberous root of Exogonium 
 purga, a plant of the natural order Convolvu- 
 lacecB. Its active principle is a resin which 
 contains a glucosid, convolvulin, C 31 H S0 O 16 . 
 Jalap is an active hydragog cathartic, and is 
 used to remove dropsical effusions by the 
 bowel. Combined with calomel it is a favor- 
 ite remedy in bilious fever. Dose of pow- 
 dered jalap 5-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). J., Com- 
 pound Powder of (pulvis jalapa compositus, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). 
 J., Resin of (resina jalapce, U. S. P.). Dose 
 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.). 
 
 Jalapin (jal'-ap -in) [jalap]. A purgative glu- 
 cosid from various kinds of jalap. 
 
 Jamaica Dogwood. See Piscidia erythrina. 
 
 James' Powder. A prompt diaphoretic, con- 
 sisting of antimonious oxid, t,^, and calcium 
 phosphate, 67 parts. 
 
 Jamestown Weed. See Stramonium. 
 
 Jamieson's Salve. Lanolin, 3 parts; oil of 
 sweet almond, § part; distilled water, \ part. 
 A base for eye -ointments. 
 
 Janiceps (jan'-is-eps) [Janus, a two-faced 
 divinity; caput, head]. A syncephalic mon- 
 strosity with two faces. 
 
 Japaconin (jap-ak'-on-in), C 26 H 41 NO 10 . A 
 decomposition-product of japaconitin. 
 
 Japaconitin (jap-ak-on'-it-in), C C6 H 8S N 2 21 , 
 A base; the most poisonous of the known 
 aconite alkaloids. It is obtained from 
 Aconitum japonicum. On saponification it 
 splits up into benzoic acid and japaconin. 
 
 Jarjavay's Muscle. The depressor urethrae, 
 a fasciculus of the constrictor urethrae that 
 passes transversely over the urethra and 
 joins the fibers of the constrictor vaginae. 
 
 Jasmine (jas'-min). See Gelsemium. 
 
 Jatropha (jat'-ro-fah) [laxpoc, a physician; 
 rpo^-fj, nourishment]. A genus of euphorbia- 
 ceous plants. J. curcas is the source of 
 purging-nuts. /. gossypifolia, the tua-tua 
 
 plant, indigenous to South America, West 
 Indies, and Africa, has purgative leaves used 
 in colic and bilious affections. It is highly 
 extolled in Venezuela as a cure for leprosy. 
 /. manihot yields tapioca. 
 
 Jaundice (jawn'-dis) [Fr., jaunisse, from 
 jaune, yellow]. A yellow discoloration of 
 the skin, mucous membranes, and secretions, 
 due to the presence of bile-pigments in the 
 blood. See Icterus. J., Acathectic, J., 
 Akathektic, a name given by Lieber- 
 meister to the majority of cases usually 
 classified as hematogenous icterus, but which 
 he holds to be due to a disturbed activity of 
 the liver-cells, which, in consequence of 
 injury* lose their ability to secrete bile in the 
 direction of the bile-ducts, a consequence of 
 which, is the diffusion of the bile into the 
 blood-vessels and lymph-vessels of the liver. 
 Syn., Diffusion icterus; Functional jaundice. 
 J., Catarrhal, that due to swelling of the bile- 
 ducts from catarrh. J., Hematogenous, 
 that form due to excessive destruction of 
 blood-corpuscles. J., Hepatogenous, that 
 due to obstruction to the flow of bile from 
 the liver. By some all forms of jaundice 
 are considered hepatogenous, since bile is 
 made only in the liver. J., Malignant, 
 acute yellow atrophy of the liver. See Icterus 
 gravis. J., Murphy's Law of, jaundice 
 due to gall-stone is always preceded by colic; 
 jaundice due to malignant disease, or catarrh 
 of the ducts accompanied by infection, is 
 never preceded by colic. J. of the New- 
 born. See Icterus neonatorum. J., Ob- 
 structive, that due to permanent obstruc- 
 tion of the common bile-duct. It is persis- 
 tent and deep, and accompanied by irrita- 
 bility, depression, and later coma, delirium 
 or convulsions, a slow pulse, and subcutan- 
 eous hemorrhages. J., Paradoxic, Ad- 
 dison's disease. J., Saturnine, jaundice 
 occurring in lead-poisoning. 
 
 Jaw [ME.]. 1. Either of the two parts 
 of the face (upper or lower jaw) serving the 
 purpose of seizing or masticating the food. 
 2. Also the bone (jaw-bone or jaw) that forms 
 the framework of the jaw. J. -jerk, J.- 
 clonus, a reflex contraction of the muscles 
 of mastication produced by suddenly depres- 
 sing the lower. jaw. See under Reflex. J., 
 Lock-, J., Locked. See Lockjaw. J., 
 Lumpy, actinomycosis of cattle. 
 
 Jaworski's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, Jaw- 
 prski's. 
 
 Jecorin (jek'-or-in) [jecur]. 1. C 1 o 5 H 186 N 5 SP 3 . 
 A body found in liver-substance; it resembles 
 lecithin, but reduces Fehling's solution. It 
 occurs also in the spleen, muscle, brain, etc. 
 2. A proprietary substitute for cod-liver oil. 
 
 Jecur (je'-ker) [L.]. The liver. 
 
 Jejunal (je-ju'-naV) [jejunum]. Pertaining to 
 the jejunum. 
 
 Jejunocolostomy (je-ju-no-ko-los'-to-me) [je- 
 junum; koXov, colon; oxbp.a, mouth]. The 
 formation of an artificial passage between 
 the jejunum and the colon. 
 
JEJUNOILEOSTOMY 
 
 531 
 
 JUGATE 
 
 Jejunoileostomy {je-ju-no-il-e-os' -to-me) [je- 
 junum; ileum; ord[ia, mouth]. The forma- 
 tion of an artificial communication between 
 the jejunum and the ileum. 
 
 Jejunostomy {je-ju-nos' -to-me) [jejunum; 
 ozopta, mouth]. The making of an artificial 
 opening through the abdominal wall into 
 the jejunum. 
 
 Jejunotomy (je-ju-not' -o-me) [jejunum; ze/i- 
 vecv, to cut]. Partial excision of the jejunum. 
 
 Jejunum (je-ju'-num) [jejunus, empty, be- 
 cause usually found empty after death]. 
 The second division of the small intestine 
 extending between the duodenum and the 
 ileum, and measuiing about 8 feet (2.2 
 meters) in length. 
 
 Jelly (jel'-e) [gelare, to freeze]. A soft, gelati- 
 nous, tremulous substance. J., Bacterial, 
 the gelatinous matrix which causes certain 
 bacteria to adhere to one another in masses 
 or pellicles. See Zooglea. J. -leaf, the mu- 
 cilaginous leaf of Sida rhombifolia, used in 
 making poultices. J., Oat-, a dietetic pre- 
 paration used in infant-feeding. It is pre- 
 pared by soaking 4 ounces of coarse oatmeal 
 in a quart of cold water for 12 hours. The 
 mixture is then boiled down to 1 pint and 
 allowed to cool. J., Wharton's. See Whar- 
 ton's Jelly. 
 
 Jendrassik's Maneuver. Interlocking of the 
 fingers and forcible drawing apart of the 
 hands, to facilitate the production of the 
 knee-jerk. 
 
 Jennerian (jen-e' -re-an) . Pertaining to Ed- 
 ward Jenner, the discoverer of vaccination 
 against smallpox. 
 
 Jequiritol (je-kwir 1 -it-ol) . A sterile solution of 
 abrin used in corneal affections. 
 
 Jequirity (je-kwir' -it-e) . See Abrus. 
 
 Jervin (jer'-vin). See Veratrum. 
 
 Jesuits' Bark. Peruvian bark; the bark of 
 several species of cinchona. 
 
 Jez's Antityphoid Extract. An extract ob- 
 tained from thymus gland, spleen, bone- 
 marrow, brain, and spinal cord of rabbits 
 immunized by frequent inoculations with 
 cultures of typhoid bacilli; this is triturated 
 in a solution of sodium chlorid, alcohol, 
 glycerol, and a minute quantity of phenol; 
 a more recent formula contains peptone. 
 
 Jigger. See Pulex. 
 
 Jimson-weed (jim' 'son-wed) . See Stramo- 
 nium. 
 
 Jobert's Fossa. One formed in the popliteal 
 region, above, by the adductor magnus, 
 below, by the sartorius and gracilis. It is 
 well seen when the knee is bent and the 
 thigh rotated strongly outward. 
 
 Joffroy's Symptom. 1. Absence of facial 
 contraction when the patient suddenly turns 
 his eyes upward; seen in exophthalmic goiter. 
 2 . Rhythmic twitching of the glutei on pres- 
 sure upon the gluteal region in cases of 
 spastic paraplegia and sciatica. Syn., Phe- 
 nomena de la hanche. 
 
 Johnson's Test for Albumin in Urine. A 
 concentrated solution of picric acid is poured 
 
 upon the surface of the urine in a test-tube. 
 A ring of white precipitate occurs at the 
 junction of the two liquids; this increases 
 on heating. Peptones and albumoses are 
 precipitated by this reagent, but the precipi- 
 tate redissolves on heating. 
 
 Johnstoni Area. See Celsus' Area. 
 
 Joint. See Articulation. J., Charcot's. See 
 Charcot's Disease (2). 
 
 Jolly's Electric Reaction. When the con- 
 tractility of a muscle is exhausted by the 
 faradic current, it can still be excited by the 
 influence of the will, and, inversely, when 
 voluntary movements are impossible, the 
 muscle can contract itself by faradization. 
 This phenomenon is observed in certain amy- 
 otrophies. 
 
 Jones' Solution for the Detection of Albu- 
 min in the Urine. Corrosive sublimate, 10 
 parts; sodium chlorid, 10 parts; succinic acid, 
 20 parts; distilled water, 500 parts. J. 's Test 
 for Bile-pigments in Urine, put in a stop- 
 per cylinder 50 Cc. of urine, and add a few 
 drops of 10 % hydrochloric acid and an ex- 
 cess of a barium chlorid solution with 5 Cc. 
 chloroform, and shake for several minutes. 
 Then, by means of a pipet, remove the chloro- 
 form and the precipitate, place in a 'test-tube, 
 and heat on the water-bath to about 8o° C. 
 When the chloroform has evaporated, decant 
 the liquid from the precipitate carefully and 
 let three drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, 
 containing one-third fuming nitric acid, flow 
 down the sides of the test-tube. If bile-pig- 
 ments are present, the characteristic colora- 
 tion results. 
 
 Jorissen's Test for Formaldehyd in Milk. 
 To several drops of a 10 % aqueous solution 
 of phloroglucinol add 10 Cc. of the suspected 
 milk in a test-tube, shake well, and add a few 
 drops of caustic soda or caustic potash. In 
 the presence of formaldehyd a delicate red 
 color appears. 
 
 Jorissenne's Sign. During the early stage 
 of pregnancy the change of position of the 
 woman from the horizontal to the erect does 
 not increase the pulse-rate. 
 
 Josseraud's Sign. A peculiar loud, metallic 
 sound, heard over the pulmonic area, and pre- 
 ceding the friction-sound in acute pericarditis. 
 
 Joule (jowl) [after J. P. Joule, an English 
 physicist]. 1. A unit of electric energy, 
 equivalent to the work expended when a 
 current of one ampere flows for one second 
 against a resistance of one ohm. 2. A small 
 calory — the amount of heat required to raise 
 the gram of water i°C. 
 
 Joule's Equivalent. The mechanic equivalent 
 of heat or the amount of work that, converted 
 into heat, will raise the temperature of 1 
 pound of water i°F. It is equivalent to 772 
 foot-pounds. 
 
 Jugal (ju'-gaV) [jugum]. Connecting or uniting, 
 as by a yoke. J. Bone, the malar bone. 
 J. Process, the zygomatic process. - 
 
 Jugate (ju'-gat) [jugum]. 1. Having ridges. 
 2. Coupled together; yoked. 
 
JUGLANS 
 
 532 
 
 JUXTAPOSITION 
 
 Juglans (ju'-glanz) [L., "walnut"]. Butternut. 
 The bark of the root of J. cinerea, of the 
 natural order Juglandacece. It' is a mild ca- 
 thartic, and has also been used in intermit- 
 tent and remittent fever. 
 
 Jugomaxillary (ju-go-maks'-il-a-re) [jugum; 
 maxilla, the jaw]. Relating to the jugular 
 vein and the maxilla. 
 
 Jugular (ju'-gu-lar) [jugulum]. Pertaining 
 to the throat. J. Foramen. See Foramen, 
 Jugular. J. Fossa, a notch in the posterior 
 border of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone, which, with a similar notch in the 
 occipital bone, forms the foramen lacerum 
 posterius. J. Ganglion, the superior gan- 
 glion of the glossopharyngeal nerve. J. Pro- 
 cess, a rough process external to the condyle 
 of the occipital bone J. Veins, the internal 
 jugular vein collects the blood from the brain, 
 part of the face and neck, and unites with 
 the subclavian vein to form the vena innom- 
 inata; the external jugular vein carries the 
 blood from the exterior of the cranium and 
 parts of the face and empties into the sub- 
 clavian vein. 
 
 Jugulate (ju'-gu-lat) [jugulum]. To check or 
 stop any process promptly. 
 
 Jugulation (ju-gu-la' -shun) [jugidatio, a kill- 
 ing]. The swift arrest of disease by thera- 
 peutic means; also the arrest of an epidemic 
 by prompt and effective measures. 
 
 Jugulum (ju'-gu-lum) [L.]. The collar-bone; 
 also the throat. 
 
 Jugum (ju'-gum) [L.]. i. A yoke. 2. A 
 ridge. 
 
 Juice (jus) [jus, broth]. 1. The liquid con- 
 tained in vegetal or animal tissues. 2. Any 
 of the secretions of the body,~as the intestinal 
 or pancreatic juice. 
 
 Jujube (ju'-jub) [L., jujuba]. The fruit of the 
 jujube tree, Zizyphus jujuba. J. -paste, a 
 paste containing the pulp of jujubes and used 
 in pulmonary disorders. It is now made of 
 gum-arabic or of gelatin, variously flavored. 
 
 Julep (ju'-lep) [Pers., julab, a sweet drink]. 
 A sweetened drink containing aromatic or 
 medicinal substances. 
 
 Jumentous (ju-men' -tus) [jumentum, a beast 
 of burden]. Like a beast of burden; horse- 
 like : applied to the odor of urine. 
 
 Jumpers (jum' -perz) [Scand., gumpa, to jump]. 
 Persons afflicted with a peculiar neurosis 
 by reason of which they do whatever they 
 are told, and perform sudden leaping or jump- 
 ing movements. See Lata; Palmus. 
 
 Jungbluth's Vessels. Nutrient vessels lying 
 immediately beneath the amnion and dis- 
 appearing usually at an early period of em- 
 bryonic life. 
 
 Juniper, Juniperus (ju'-nip-er, ju-nip'-er-us). 
 1. An evergreen shrub or tree belonging to the 
 genus Juniperus. Juniperus sabina yields savin 
 
 - (sabina, U. S. P.). The tops of J", virginiana, 
 red cedar, are used as a substitute for savin. 2. 
 The fruit or berry of /. communis, containing 
 a volatile oil and an amorphous substance, 
 juniperin. The oil is a stimulant to the gen- 
 itourinary mucous membrane and is used in 
 nephritis, pyelitis, and cystitis. J., Oil of 
 (oleum juniperi, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 min. 
 (0.065-0.26 Cc). J., Spirit of (spiritus juni- 
 peri, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 J., Spirit of, Compound (spiritus juniperi 
 compositus, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 
 Cc). J. Tar, Oil of. See Cade, Oil of. 
 Junket (junk'-et) [jonke, a rush]. "Curds 
 and whey," prepared by coagulating milk 
 with rennet. 
 Junod's Boot (ju'-no). A boot-shaped case, 
 usually of stiff leather, made to inclose the 
 leg, so that, the air being exhausted, the 
 blood rushes to the inclosed part. It has 
 been employed to relieve inflammation and 
 congestion of the viscera. 
 Jurisprudence (ju-ris-pru' -dens) [jus, law; 
 prudentia, skill]. The science of the inter- 
 pretation and application of the law. J., 
 Medical, the applica- 
 tion of medical knowl- 
 edge to the principles of 
 common law. 
 Jury-mast (ju' -re-mast) 
 [jury, from Dan. kiore, 
 a driving; mast]. A 
 steel shaft with curved 
 iron rods -attached, em- 
 ployed to support the 
 head in disease of the 
 upper vertebras. 
 Justo (jus' -to). "Ablative 
 of justum, that which 
 is right. J. major, 
 more than is right; 
 larger in all dimensions 
 than normal; applied to 
 a pelvis. J. minor, 
 \ abnormally small. 
 ] Justus' Test. Transient 
 reduction of hemoglobin 
 following the adminis- 
 tration of mercury by 
 inunction or hypoder- 
 matic injection in syphilis. 
 Jute (jut) [Beng., jut, matted hair]. The 
 bast-fiber of several species of the genus 
 Corchorus, grown chiefly in India and Cey- 
 lon. Jute is used as an absorbent dressing. 
 Juvantia (ju-van' -she-ah) [L., "aiding"]. Ad- 
 juvant remedies or medicines. 
 Juxtaarticular (juks-tah-ar-tik' -u-lar) [juxta, 
 
 near; articulus, a joint]. Near a joint. 
 Juxtaposition (juks - tah - po-zish'-un) [juxta; 
 positio, position]. Situation adjacent to an- 
 other; the act of placing near; apposition. 
 
 Jury-mast. — (Sayre.) 
 
533 
 
 KARYOKINESIS 
 
 K 
 
 K. The symbol for potassium (kalium). 
 
 K.,Ka. Abbreviations of kathode or of kathodic. 
 
 Kaes-Bechterew's Layer. See Bechterew's 
 Layer. 
 
 Kahlbaum's Disease. Katatonia; a form of 
 insanity progressing to imbecility. 
 
 Kahler's Disease. A constitutional affection 
 characterized by the formation of round- 
 celled neoplasms in the skeleton, paroxysms 
 of pain, a tendency to spontaneous fractures, 
 especially of the ribs, enlargement of the 
 spleen. and lymphatic glands, and the presence 
 of Bence Jones' bodies in the urine. K.'s 
 Law, the ascending branches of the posterior 
 spinal nerve-roots, after entering the cord, 
 pass successively from the root-zone toward 
 the mesial plane. 
 
 Kahler-Singer's Law. See Kahler's Law. 
 
 Kairin (ki'-rin) [nacpoc, the right time], C 10 - 
 H la NO . HC1 . H 2 0. Oxychinolin-ethyl hy- 
 drochlorate; antipyretic, diaphoretic, and 
 emetic, and has been used as a substitute 
 for quinin. Dose 5—15 gr. (0.32—1.0 Gm.). 
 K., Ethyl, Kairin A, C 9 H }0 (C 2 H 5 )NO . HC1, 
 recommended as antipyretic in doses of 8-25 
 gr. (0.5-1.6 Gm.). 
 
 Kairolin (ki'-ro-lin) [kairin], C 10 H 15 N. Methyl- 
 quinolin hydrid. An antipyretic resembling 
 kairin, but less efficient. 
 
 Kaki (kak'-e). The fruit of Diospyros kaki, 
 Japanese persimmon; used in vomiting of 
 pregnancy and in diarrhea. 
 
 Kakidrosis (kak-id-ro f -sis) [na/coc, bad; cdpd>c, 
 sweat]. Fetid perspiration. 
 
 Kakke (kak'-ka) [Chinese for "leg disease"]. 
 Epidemic and endemic multiple neuritis, or 
 beriberi. 
 
 Kakodyl [kak'-o-dil). See Cacodyl. 
 
 Kakosmia (kak-oz'-me-ah). See Cacosmia. 
 
 Kala-azar. An obscure fatal disease, preva- 
 lent in Assam, supposed to be due to the 
 effects of uncinariasis upon a population 
 poisoned by malaria. 
 
 •Kali (ka'-li) [Ar., qali, potash]. Potash. 
 
 Kaligenous (kal-ij' -en-us) [kali; generate, to 
 produce]. Yielding potash. 
 
 Kalimeter (ka-lim' -et-er) . See Alkalimeter. 
 
 Kalium {ka'-le-um). Potassium. 
 
 Kamila, Kamala {kam-i'-lah, -a'-lah) [Hind., 
 kamila]. Rottlera. The glands and hairs 
 from the capsules of Mallotus philippinensis 
 (Rottlera tinctoria), native to southern Asia 
 and Abyssinia. It is purgative and anthel- 
 mintic, and is used for the expulsion of lum- 
 bricoid worms and tape-worms. 
 
 Kamilin, Kamalin. See Rottlerin. 
 
 Kangaroo. A marsupial mammal of Aus- 
 tralia and the neighboring islands. K. Ten- 
 don, a tendon derived from the tail of the 
 kangaroo and used for surgical ligatures. 
 
 Kaolin, Kaolinum (ka'-o-lin, ka-o-W -num) 
 [Chin., kaoling, "high ridge"]. Aluminium 
 silicate. The kaolinum of the U. S. P. is ob- 
 
 tained from the decomposition of feldspar. 
 It is sometimes used as a protective applica- 
 tion in eczema and as a coating for pills. Syn., 
 China-clay; White clay. 
 
 Kaposi's Disease. See Xeroderma pigmentosum. 
 
 Karnoid (kar'-noid). See Carnoid. 
 
 Karyaster (kar-e-as'-ter) [karyon; dozfjp, a 
 star]. The radiate arrangement of the chro- 
 mosome during karyokinesis. Syn., Aster. 
 
 Karyenchyma ikar-e-en' -ke-mali) [karyon; iv, 
 in; x £ ~ ilJ > to pour]. The clear ground-sub- 
 stance occupying the meshes of the nuclear 
 reticulum. Syn., Karyolymph; Nuclear sap. 
 
 Karyo- (kar-e-o-) [karyon]. A prefix signifying 
 relating to the karyon or cell-nucleus. 
 
 Karyochromatophil (kar-e-o-kro- mat'-o-fil) 
 [karyo-; xpajpa, color; (piAelv, to love]. 1. 
 Having a stainable nucleus. 2. A stainable 
 nucleus. 
 
 Karyochrome (kar'-e-o-krom) [karyo-; %pd>pia, 
 color]. A nerve-cell the nucleus of which 
 stains best. 
 
 Karyoclasis {kar-e-ok' -las-is). See Karyorrhexis. 
 
 Karyogamy (kar-e-og'-am-e) [karyo-; yapo^, 
 marriage]. A conjugation of cells character- 
 ized by a fusion of the nuclei. Cf . Plastogamy. 
 
 Karyokinesis (kar-e-o-kin-e'-sis) [karyo-; k'iv- 
 yoic, movement; change]. Indirect cell- 
 
 Karyokinesis. 
 A. Nuclear reticulum, resting stage. B. Preparing for 
 division. C. Wreath stage. D. Monaster with achro- 
 matic spindle. E. Barrel or pithode stage, or meta- 
 kinesis, i. e., chromatin fibrils traveling along the 
 achromatic spindle toward the poles. F. Diaster. G. 
 Daughter-wreath stage. H. Daughter- cells passing to 
 resting stage. 
 
KARYOKINETIC 
 
 534 
 
 KATELECTROTONUS 
 
 division, the common mode of reproduction 
 of cells. It depends upon complicated changes 
 in the mitome of the cell -nucleus that may 
 be divided into the following steps: i. The 
 nucleus becomes larger; the mitome filaments 
 thicken and form a close skein, or spirem. 
 2. The fibrils become less convoluted and 
 more widely separated, forming the loose 
 skein; at the same time the nuclear spindles, 
 two cone-shaped striated bodies, appear in 
 the achromatin. 3. The mitome fibrils split 
 longitudinally. 4. The segments migrate 
 toward the poles of the new nuclei, constitut- 
 ing daughter-wreaths, or asters. 5. Trans- 
 formation of asters into fully developed nuclei. 
 6. Division of the "cell -protoplasm. 
 
 Karyokinetic (kar-e-o-kin-et'-ik) [see Karyo- 
 kinesis]. Pertaining to karyokinesis, as 
 karyokinetic figures, the forms assumed by 
 the mitome in karyokinesis. 
 
 Karyo lymph (kar'-e-o-limf). See Karyen- 
 chyma. 
 
 Karyolysis (kar-e-ol'-is-is) [karyo-; Xuscv, to 
 loose]. The segmentation of the nucleus of 
 the cell. 
 
 Karyomite (kar'-e-o-mit). See Chromosome. 
 
 Karyomitome [kar-e-om' -it-om) {karyo-; ft hoc, 
 thread]. The mitome threads of the nucleus. 
 
 Karyomitosis {kar-e-o-mit-o' -sis) [see Karyo- 
 mitome]. Karyokinesis. 
 
 Karyomitotic (kar-e-o-mit-of -ik) [see Karyo- 
 mitome]. Relating to karyomitosis. 
 
 Karyon (kar'-e-on) [napuov, nucleus]. The cell- 
 nucleus. 
 
 Karyophagus (kar-e-of'-ag-us) [karyo-; fyayetv, 
 to eat; pi., karyophagi]. A cytozoon which 
 destroys the nucleus of the infected cell. 
 
 Karyoplasm ikar' -e-o-plazm) [karyo-; TtXhaoecv, 
 to form]. 1. The nuclear substance of a cell. 
 2. The more fluid material in the meshes of 
 the chromoplasm. 
 
 Karyorrhexis (kar-e-or-ek'-sis) [karyo-; prj&c, 
 rupture]. Fragmentation or splitting up of a 
 nucleus into a number of chromatin particles 
 which become scattered in the cytoplasm; it 
 occurs in the cells of the disappearing follicles 
 of the ovary. 
 
 Karyota {kar-e-o' -tali) [karyon]. Nucleated 
 cells. 
 
 Karyotheca {kar-e-o-the' -ka) [karyo-; dy/cy, 
 case]. Nuclear membrane. 
 
 Kasagra (kas-ag'-rah) . A proprietary prepara- 
 tion of cascara sagrada. 
 
 Kasena (kas'-e-nah). An aromatic preparation 
 of cascara and senna. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Kata- (kat-ah-). A prefix denoting down or 
 intensive. For words thus beginning and not 
 found under K see Cata-. 
 
 Katabiotic (kat-ah-bi-ot'-ik) [kata-; (Itoc, life]. 
 Applied to the power of growing structures 
 which causes the development of approximate 
 cells to be harmonious with the primary 
 structure. 
 
 Katabolergy (kat-ab-ol'-er-je) [kata-; paXXav, to 
 throw; 'ipyov, work]. Energy extended in 
 katabolic processes. 
 
 Katabolic (kat-ab-ol'-ik) [kata-; fiaXXecv, to 
 
 - throw]. Of the nature of, or pertaining to, 
 katabolism. 
 
 Katabolin, Katabolite (kat-ab'-o-lin, -lite) 
 [see Katabolic]. Any product of katabo- 
 lism. 
 
 Katabolism {kat-ab' -ol-izm) [see Katabolic]. 
 Destructive metamorphosis; disassimilation; 
 physiologic disintegration. 
 
 Katacrotic (kat-ah-krot' -ik) [kata-; Kpozoc, a 
 striking]. Interrupting the line of descent in 
 a sphygmogram. 
 
 Katadicrotic (kat-ah-di-krot'-ik). Having one 
 or more secondary expansions, as a pulse. 
 
 Katadioptric (kat-ah-di-of-trik) [kata-; diox- 
 vrjp, a watchman]. Applied to optical instru- 
 ments which have the power of reflecting and 
 refracting light at the same time. 
 
 Katadrome ikat-ad'-ro-me) [nazazpixecv, to 
 run at or over]. 1. The onset of a disease. 
 2. The decline of a disease. 
 
 Katalysis (kat-al'-is-is) [kata-; Xuecv, to dissolve]. 
 In chemistry, a reaction that appears to 
 take place owing to the mere presence of 
 another body that apparently undergoes no 
 change. 
 
 Katalyst (kat'-al-isf). A substance having the 
 power to produce katalysis. 
 
 Katalytic (kat-al-it'-ik) [see Katalysis]. 1. Of 
 the nature of, or characterized by, katal- 
 ysis. 2. Any medicine that is supposed to 
 break down, destroy, or counteract morbid 
 agencies existing within the economy. 3. A 
 retrogressive change. 
 
 Katalyzer (kat'-al-i-zer). A substance acceler- 
 ating chemic or physical processes which 
 would occur without it. 
 
 Kataphoria (kat-ah- fo'-re-ah) [kata-; cpopoc, 
 tending]. A tendency of both eyes to assume 
 too low a plane. 
 
 Kataphoric (kat-af-or'-ik) [kataphoria]. 1. 
 Passing or causing to pass from the anode to 
 the kathode, through a diaphragm or septum. 
 2. Relating to lethargy or to apoplexy. 
 
 Katastaltic (kat-as-taV -tik) [mzaozeXXstv, to 
 check; to send downward]. 1. Astringent. 
 2. Passing from above downward (as a 
 nerve -impulse). 3. An inhibitory or sedative 
 agent. 
 
 Katastate (kat f -as-tat) [Kazaozazof, settling 
 down]. Any one of a series of suc- 
 cessive katabolic substances or conditions, 
 each one of which is less complex, more 
 stable, and exhibits less functional activity 
 than its predecessor. 
 
 Katatonia (kat-at-o' -ne-ah) [kata-; zbvoc, tension]. 
 A form of insanity characterized by a pathetic 
 emotional state and verbigeration, combined 
 with a condition of motor tension. 
 
 Katatricrotism (kat-at-ri-krof -izm) [kata-; 
 zpe'cc, three; upozbc, a striking]. The occur- 
 rence of a third pulsation in the downward 
 stroke of the sphygmograph. 
 Katatropia (kat-ah-tro'-pe-ah) [kata-; zpbnog, 
 a turn]. An actual turning of both eyes 
 downward. 
 
 Katelectrotonus (kal-el-ek-trot'-o-nus) [kata-; 
 TjXeKzpov, amber; zbvoc, tension]. The state 
 
KATEX 
 
 535 
 
 KERATITIS 
 
 of increased irritability of a nerve near the 
 kathode. See Anelectrotonus. 
 
 Katex. {kat'-eks.). An abbreviation of kathode 
 excitation. 
 
 Kathodal {kath-o' -dal) . Of or pertaining to 
 the kathode. 
 
 Kathode (kath'-od) [kata-; odor, way]. The 
 negative electrode or pole of a galvanic cir- 
 cuit. 
 
 Kathodic {kath-od' -ik) . See Kathodal. 
 
 Kation {kat'-e-on). See Cation. 
 
 Katochus {kat-o'-kus) [koxoxoc, catalepsy]. An 
 unconscious condition, resembling sleep with 
 open eyes, observed in intermittent fever, 
 etc. 
 
 Kava, Kava-kava {kah'-vah) [Hawaiian], 
 i. An intoxicating beverage prepared in the 
 Sandwich Islands from the root of Piper me- 
 thysticum. 2. The root of Piper methysti- 
 ■ cum, containing a resin, kavin, and an alka- 
 loid, kavain. The resin is a motor depressant, 
 locally at first an irritant, later an anesthetic; 
 it is also a cardiac stimulant. Kava-root has 
 been used in gonorrhea, leukorrhea, and 
 incontinence of urine. Dose of fluidextract 
 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 
 
 Kedani Disease. A disease common in 
 Japan, due to inoculation with Proteus hauseri 
 by the bite of a mite called kedani. The 
 symptoms resemble those of abdominal 
 typhus. 
 
 Keen's Sign. Increased diameter through the 
 leg at the malleoli in Pott's fracture. 
 
 Kefir, Kefyr {kef'-ir). See Kephir. 
 
 Kelectome {ke' '-lek-tom) [kt}Xt), a tumor; ek, 
 out; zkfivecv, to cut]. A cutting instrument 
 introduced into a tumor, by means of a can- 
 nula, in order to obtain a part of the sub- 
 stance for examination. 
 
 Kelene {kel'-en). Purified ethyl chlorid. 
 
 Kelis {ke'-lis) [ktjMc, scar]. Keloid. 
 
 Kellock's Sign. Increased vibration of the ribs 
 on sharply percussing them with the right hand, 
 the left hand being placed flatly and firmly 
 on the lower part of the thoracic wall, just 
 below the nipple; it is elicited in pleural 
 effusion. 
 
 Keloid (ke'-loid) [from ktjXIc, a scar, or XV^V* 
 a claw; el doc, likeness]. A tumor-like fibrous 
 outgrowth, usually occurring at the site of a 
 scar. It is elevated, whitish or pink in color, 
 and sends prolongations into the surrounding 
 tissues resembling the claws of a crab. By 
 many it is not considered a true tumor, but 
 merely a hyperplastic scar. It affects the 
 colored race more frequently than the white. 
 Syn., Alibert's keloid; Cheloid; Kelis. K. 
 of Addison, morphea. 
 
 Keloplasty {kel-o-plas' -te) . See Chiloplasty. 
 
 Kelosoma {kel-o-so' -mah) . See Celosoma. 
 
 Kelotomy {ke-lot' -o-me) . Herniotomy. 
 
 Kelpion {kelp' -e-on) [kelp, seaweed yielding 
 iodin]. An ointment containing iodin, which 
 is volatilized when the ointment is warmed. 
 
 Kenencephalocele {ken-en-sef'-al-o-sel) [k£voc, 
 empty; encephalocele]. A protrusion of brain- 
 substance through a cranial fissure. 
 
 Kenesthesia {ken-es-the'-ze-ah) [ksvoc, destitute; 
 esthesia]. Hysteric loss of consciousness of 
 identity. 
 
 Kenesthesis {ken-es-the 1 '-sis) [kenesthesia]. A 
 feeling of depression or exaltation the result 
 of the subconscious perceptions from the 
 whole organism. 
 
 Kenophobia {ken-o-fo'-be-ah) [ksvoc, empty; 
 <f>6(3oc, fear]. A morbid fear of large empty 
 spaces. 
 
 Kenosis (ken-o'-sis) [idvioote, a draining]. 
 1. An evacuation. 2. Inanition. 
 
 Kenotic (ken-ot'-ik) [kenosis]. 1. Causing ken- 
 osis; drastic, purgative. 2. A drastic drug 
 or agent. 
 
 Kentmann's Test for Formaldehyd. Mor- 
 phin hydrochlorid 0.1 Gm. is dissolved in 
 1 Cc. of sulfuric acid in a test-tube, and an 
 equal volume of the solution to be examined 
 is added without mixing; in the presence of 
 formaldehyd the aqueous solution will be 
 clear red violet in color after a lapse of a few 
 minutes. The reaction is sensitive to 1 : 6000 
 to 1: 5000. 
 
 Kephir {kef'-ir) [Caucasian]. A nutritious sub- 
 stance obtained by a peculiar fermentation 
 of cow's milk produced by certain fungi. 
 K., Arsenical, a combination of kephir and 
 Fowler's solution. K., Iodo-, a combination 
 of kephir and sodium iodid. K.-seed, a 
 substance containing the ferment {Bacillus 
 caucasicus) of kephir. It is used in preparing 
 the genuine kephir. 
 
 Kerat-, Kerato- {ker-at-, ker-at-o-) [fcipac, horn; 
 cornea]. Prefixes denoting relation to the 
 cornea or to horn. 
 
 Keratalgia {ker-at-al' -je-ah) [kerat-; alyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the cornea. 
 
 Keratectasia {ker-at-ek-ta 1 '-se-ah) [kerat-; \Kxaatc, 
 extension]. A bulging forward of the cornea. 
 
 Keratin {ker'-at-in) [nkpac, horn]. The basis of 
 horny epithelium, hair, nails, feathers, etc. 
 It contains sulfur, and on decomposition 
 yields leucin and tyrosin. 
 
 Keratitis {ker-at-i'-tis) [kerat-; tree, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the cornea. K. 
 arborescens, K., Dendritic, K., Fur- 
 row, K., Mycotic, a superficial form at- 
 tributed to a specific organism and charac- 
 terized by a line of infiltration of the corneal 
 tissue near the surface and developing later 
 into an arborescent formation. K. bullosa, 
 the formation of large or small blebs upon 
 the cornea of an eye, the seat of iridocyclitis, 
 interstitial keratitis, or glaucoma. K., In- 
 terstitial, a form of keratitis in which the 
 entire cornea is invested with a diffuse hazi- 
 ness, almost completely hiding the iris. The 
 surface of the cornea presents a ground-glass 
 appearance. Later, from ciliary injection, 
 blood-vessels form in the superficial layers of 
 the cornea, and produce a dull-red color — the 
 "salmon patch" of Hutchinson. The entire 
 cornea may become cherry-red. The disease 
 is most frequent between the ages of 5 and 
 15, and occurs in syphilitic individuals. K. 
 neuroparalytica, keratitis following lesion 
 
KERATOCELE 
 
 536 
 
 KERKRING'S OSSICLE 
 
 of the trifacial nerve. Its cause is loss of 
 trophic influence, aided by mechanic irritation 
 and drying of the cornea. K., Phlyctenular, 
 a variety characterized by the formation of 
 small papules or pustules, often associated 
 with similar lesions upon the conjunctiva. 
 It is marked by severe local congestion, 
 lacrimation, and intense photophobia. K. 
 punctata, a secondary affection of the cornea 
 in association with affections of the iris, 
 choroid, and vitreous. It is characterized by 
 the formation of opaque dots, generally ar- 
 ranged in a triangular manner upon the pos- 
 terior elastic lamina of the cornea. It is some- 
 times designated as descemetitis.. K. puru- 
 lenta, that accompanied by the formation of 
 pus. K., Trachomatous. See P annus. 
 K;, Traumatic, that consequent upon 
 wounds or other injury of the cornea. 
 
 Keratocele (ker'-at-o-sel) [kerato-; kt)At), hernia]. 
 A hernia of Descemet's membrane through 
 the cornea. 
 
 Keratocentesis (ker-at-o-sen-te'-sis) [kerato-; 
 Kevrrjoce, a pricking]. Corneal puncture. 
 
 Keratoconus (ker-at-o-ko'-nus) [kerato-; kujvoq, 
 cone]. A conic protrusion of the cornea. 
 
 Keratocricoid (ker-at-o-kri'-koid) [kerato-; np'c- 
 koc, ring; eldof, like]. The cricothyroid 
 muscle. 
 
 Keratogenesis (ker-at-o-jen'-e-sis) [kerato-; yev- 
 vav, to produce]. The formation of horny 
 material or growths. 
 
 Keratogenous (ker-at-of -en-us) [see Keratogene- 
 sis]. Producing a horny or horn-like sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Keratoglobus (ker-at-o-glo'-bus) [kerato-; glo- 
 bus, a ball]. A globular protrusion of the 
 cornea. 
 
 Keratoglossus (ker-at-o-glos'-us). See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Keratohelcosis (ker-at-o-hel-ko'-sis) [kera- 
 to-; eXKOJocc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the 
 cornea. 
 
 Keratohyal (ker-at-o-hi'-al) [kerato-; hyoid]. 
 Relating to a cornu of the hyoid bone. 
 
 Keratohyalin (ker-at-o-hi'-al-in) [kerato-; uaXoc, 
 glass]. A peculiar substance occurring in 
 granules in the deeper layers of the skin. 
 
 Keratohyaline {ker-at-o-hi'-al- en) . Both 
 horny and hyaline in structure. 
 
 Keratoid (ker'-at-oid) [kerato-; slooc, like]. Horn- 
 like. 
 
 Keratoiritis (ker-at-o-i-ri'-tis) [kerato-; iritis]. 
 Combined inflammation of the cornea and the 
 iris. 
 
 Keratolysis (ker-at-ol'-is-is) [kerato-; Xuoce, solu- 
 tion]. A shedding of the skin; a rare con- 
 dition in which the skin is shed periodically, 
 that of the limbs coming off as a glove or 
 stocking. 
 
 Keratoma {ker-at-o' -mah) [kerato-; opta, tumor], 
 i. See Callosity. 2. Congenital ichthyosis; 
 the presence of horny plates upon the integu- 
 ment. 
 
 Keratomalacia (ker-at-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [kera- 
 to-; naXania, softness]. A softening of the 
 cornea. 
 
 Keratometer.— 
 ington.) 
 
 (Thor- 
 
 Keratome (ker'-at-om) [kerato-; ro/xrj, a cutting]. 
 A knife with a peculiar trowel-like blade, used 
 for making the incision into the cornea in the 
 operation of iridectomy. 
 Keratometer {ker-at-om' -et-er) [kerato-; [ikxpov, 
 a measure]. An instru- 
 ment formeasuringthe 
 curves of the cornea. 
 Keratometry (ker- at - 
 om'-et-re) [see Kerdt- 
 ometer]. The measure- 
 ment of curves of the 
 cornea. 
 Keratomycosis (ker- 
 at-o-mi-ko' -sis) [ker- 
 ato- ; mycosis]. A 
 fungoid growth of the 
 cornea. 
 Keratonyxis (ker -at -0- 
 niks f -is) [kerato-; 
 vu^cc;, a pricking]. 
 The needling of a soft 
 cataract by puncture 
 through the cornea; 
 also, the old operation of couching a cataract 
 with the needle. 
 Keratophagia (ker-at-of-a'-je-ah). See Ony- 
 chomycosis. 
 Keratoplasty (ker' -at-o-plas-te) [kerato-; xAao- 
 aecv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the 
 cornea, especially the transplantation of a por- 
 tion of cornea from the eye of a lower animal 
 to that of man. 
 Keratoscope (ker'-at-o-skop) [kerato-; okotzz'cv, 
 to view]. An instrument for examining the 
 cornea and testing the symmetry of its meri- 
 dians of curvature. 
 Keratoscopy (ker-at-os'-ko-pe) [see Kerato- 
 scope]. 1. Examination of the cornea with 
 the keratoscope. 2. Retinoscopy or skia- 
 scopy. 
 Keratosis (ker-at-o' -sis) [Kipac, cornea]. Any dis- 
 ease of the skin characterized by an overgrowth 
 of the horny epithelium. K. follicularis, 
 a form of acne in which horny, prominent 
 projections occur about the sebaceous follicles; 
 they are firmly adherent and produce a rough- 
 ness comparable to that of a nutmeg-grater. K. 
 pilaris, a chronic affection of the skin marked 
 by hard, conic elevations investing the hair- 
 follicles, and somewhat resembling goose- 
 flesh. K. senilis, a cornification of the 
 skin of old people, often limited to certain 
 definite regions, as the face and dorsal sur- 
 faces of the hands and feet. 
 Keratotome (ker'-at-o-tom). See Keratome. 
 Keratotomy (ker-at-of -o-me) [kerato-; rifivav, 
 
 to cut]. Incision of the cornea. 
 Keraunoneurosis (ker-aw-no-nu-ro' -sis) [ks- 
 pauvoc, lightning; veupov, nerve; vbooc, dis- 
 ease]. Nervous disease due to lightning- 
 stroke. 
 Keraunophobia (ker-aw-no-)o'-be-ah) [nepauvoc, 
 lightning; 4>6fioc, fear]. A morbid fear of 
 lightning. 
 Kerion (ke'-re-on). See Tinea kerion. 
 Kerkring's Ossicle. A point of ossification 
 
KERMES 
 
 537 
 
 KIDNEY 
 
 in the occipital bone, immediately behind the 
 foramen magnum. K.'s Valves, the valvulae 
 conniventes of the small intestine. 
 
 Kermes (ker'-mez) [Pers., qirmiz, crimson]. 
 A red dyestuff resembling cochineal, made 
 from the bodies of the dried insects, Coccus 
 ilicis, found on the kermes-oak. K.-min- 
 eral, a mixture of antimony teroxid and 
 tersulfid. 
 
 Kerner's Reaction for Creatinin. Add to 
 a solution of creatinin acidified with a mineral 
 acid a solution of phosphotungstic or phospho- 
 molybdic acid; a crystalline precipitate will 
 be formed. 
 
 Kernig's Sign. Contracture or 
 flexion of the knee- and hip- 
 joint, at times also of the elbow, 
 when the patient is made to 
 assume the sitting posture; it is 
 noted in meningitis. 
 
 Ketone (ke' - ton) [an arbitrary 
 variation of acetone]. An or- 
 ganic compound consisting of 
 the unsaturated radicle = C = O 
 united to two alcohol radicles. 
 
 Key (ke) [ME., keye]. i. An in- 
 strument for opening or fasten- 
 ing a lock. 2. A device for 
 making and breaking an electric 
 current. K., DuBois Rey- 
 mond's, an electric switch by 
 means of which the circuit may 
 be closed or the current short- 
 circuited. Syn., T eternizing 
 key. 
 
 Key and Retzius' Corpuscles. 
 See Corpuscles, Key and Retzius'. 
 K. and R.'s Foramens. See 
 Luschka's Foramens. 
 
 Kidney (kid'-ne) [ME., kidnere]. 
 One of the two large glandular 
 organs situated in the upper 
 and posterior portion of the ab- 
 dominal cavity, and concerned 
 in the excretion of the urine. 
 It consists of an outer cortical 
 substance and an inner medul- 
 lary substance. The medulla 
 consists of from 8 to 18 pyra- 
 mids (pyramids of Malpighi), 
 the apexes of which, the pa- 
 pillas, project into the calyces of 
 the ureter. The pyramids are 
 striated, and in places send 
 narrow projections into the 
 cortex — the medullary rays, or pyramids 
 of Ferrein. Between the pyramids are 
 extensions from the cortex — the columns of 
 Bertini. The cortex, by the penetration into 
 it of the medullary rays, is divided into medul- 
 lary rays and the labyrinth. The secreting 
 structure of the kidney consists of long tubes, 
 beginning in an expanded extremity — the 
 capsule of Bowman — which invests a tuft of 
 blood-vessels, the glomerulus, and constitutes, 
 together with this, a Malpighian body; ex- 
 tending from this is the proximal convoluted 
 
 tubule; then comes the spiral tubule, then 
 the loop of Henle, consisting of a descending 
 and an ascending limb; then the distal con- 
 voluted tubule, which terminates in the col- 
 lecting tubule. The blood-vessels of the kidney 
 divide into two sets of branches, one supply- 
 ing the cortex, the other the medulla. The 
 kidney weighs about 150 Gm. K., Amyloid, 
 a kidney the seat of amyloid degeneration. 
 K., Confluent, a single kidney formed by 
 fusion of twin kidneys or other congenital 
 malformation. K., Fatty, one the seat of 
 extensive fatty degeneration. K., Floating. 
 
 Longitudinal Section through the Kidney. — {Tyson, after Henle.) 
 2". Boundary layer of medulla. 1' . Papillary portion of medulla. 3, 3. 
 
 Transverse section of tubules in boundary layer. 4. Fat of renal 
 
 sinus. * Transversely coursing medullary rays. 5. 5. Artery. 1". 
 
 Labyrinth. 1'. Medullary rays. 2. Medulla. 1. Cortex. C. Renal 
 
 calyx. U. Ureter. A. Branch of renal artery. 
 
 See Floating Kidney. K., Gouty, K., Gran- 
 ular, the small kidney resulting from chronic 
 interstitial nephritis. K., Horseshoe-. See 
 Horseshoe-kidney. K., Large White, that 
 of the advanced stage of chronic parenchy- 
 matous nephritis. K., Massage, a state of 
 uremia and renal incompetence due to im- 
 proper massage of the kidney. K.,Pigback, 
 the large congested kidney found in alcoholic 
 subjects. K. of Pregnancy, an anemic kid- 
 ney with fatty infiltration of the epithelial 
 cells, but without any acute or chronic 
 
KIERNAN'S SPACES 
 
 538 
 
 KINO 
 
 inflammation, occurring in pregnant women. 
 K., Red Contracted. See K., Gouty. 
 K., Sacculated, a condition due to hydro- 
 nephrosis and absorption of the chief part 
 of the ^kidney, leaving the irregularly ex- 
 
 ozepeoc, solid]. 
 See Kin- 
 
 Diagram Showing the Relation Borne by the 
 Blood-vessels to the Tubules of the Kidney. 
 
 The upper half corresponds to the cortical, the lower 
 half to the medullary, part of the organ. The plain 
 tubes are shown separately on the right, and the 
 vessels on the left. The darkly shaded arteries 
 send off straight branches to the pyramids and larger 
 interlobular branches to the glomerules, the efferent 
 vessels of which form the plexus around the con- 
 voluted tubes. 
 
 panded capsule. K., Small White, the final 
 stage of the large white kidney after loss of 
 its substance from atrophy or degeneration. 
 K., Surgical, pyelonephritis. K., Waxy. 
 Same as K., Amyloid. 
 
 Kiernan's Spaces. The interlobular spaces 
 of the liver. 
 
 Kiesselbach's Place. The point at which 
 the nasal septum, owing to its thinness, is 
 especially liable to perforation. 
 
 Kiesselbachii, Locus. See Kiesselbach's 
 Place. 
 
 Kilian's Line. The line of the promontory 
 of the sacrum. K.'s Pelvis, the osteomalacic 
 (halisteretic) pelvis. 
 
 Kilo (kil'-o). A contraction of kilo- 
 gram. 
 
 Kilocalory (kil-o-kal' '-or-e) . See Calory, Great. 
 
 Kilogram {kil'-o-gram) [x'tXtot, a thousand; 
 ypa/xfia, an inscription]. One thousand grams, 
 or 2.2 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 Kiloliter {kiV -o-le-ter) [kilo; Xhpa, sl pound]. 
 One thousand liters, or 35.31 cubic feet. 
 
 Kilometer {kiV -o-me-ter) [kilo; fikrpov, sl meas- 
 ure]. One thousand meters, or 1093.6 
 yards. 
 
 Kilostere {kil'-o-ster) [kilo, 
 One thousand cubic meters. 
 
 Kinesthesia {kin-es-the'-ze-ah) . 
 esthesia. 
 
 Kinematics {kin-em-at'-iks) [kcvsIv, to move]. 
 The science of motion. 
 
 Kinesalgia {kin-es-al'-je-ah) [kinesis; alyoc, 
 pain]. Local pain following muscular con- 
 traction. 
 
 Kinescope {kin'-es-kop) [kcve'iv, to move; oko- 
 tzecv, to view]. A device to regulate with 
 accuracy the width of an aperture through 
 which rays of light are allowed to pass in 
 measuring ametropia. 
 
 Kinescopy {kin-es 1 '-ko-fe) . A form of retinos- 
 copy requiring cooperation on the part of the 
 patient; subjective retinoscopy. 
 
 Kinesiesthesiometer {kin-es-e-es-the-ze-om'- 
 et-er) [kinesis; a'codrjocc;, perception; fifrpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for testing the 
 muscular sense. It consists of wooden 
 balls of the same size but of different weights. 
 
 Kinesiology {kin-es-e-oV -o-]e) [kinesis; Xbfoc, 
 science]. The science of movements, considered 
 especially as therapeutic or hygienic agencies. 
 
 Kinesiometer {kin - es - e - om' -et- er) [kinesis; 
 fihpov, a measure]. An instrument for de- 
 termining quantitatively the motion of a part. 
 
 Kinesioneurosis {kin-es-e-o-nu-ro'-sis) [kinesis; 
 neurosis']. A functional nervous disease 
 associated with disorders of motion. K., 
 External, that affecting the external muscles. 
 K., Internal, K., Visceral, that affecting the 
 muscles of the viscera. 
 
 Kinesiotherapy {kin-es-e-o-ther' -ap-e) . See 
 Kinetotherapy. 
 
 Kinesipathy {kin-es-ip' -ath-e) [kinesis; xadoc, 
 disease]. Kinetotherapy. 
 
 Kinesis {kin-e'-sis) [kivtjoic, motion]. The gen- 
 eral term for all physical forms of energy. 
 
 Kinesodic {kin-es-od' -ik) [kinesis; 606c, way]. 
 Pertaining to the motor pathways. 
 
 Kinesthesia, Kinesthesis {kin-es-the'-ze-ah, 
 kin-es-the' -sis) [kinesis; a'codyocc, sensation]. 
 1. That quality of sensations whereby we 
 become aware of our position in space, our 
 movements, and that gives us our impression 
 of weight and resistance. 2. The morbid im- 
 pulse that impels one looking from a height 
 to throw himself down. 
 
 Kinetic {kin-et'-ik) [kinesis]. Pertaining to 
 motion; producing motion, as kinetic energy. 
 
 Kinetoplasm {kin-et'-o-plazm). See Hyaloplasm. 
 
 Kinetotherapeutic {kin -et -o - ther - ap-u'-tik) 
 [kinetotherapy]. Relating to the therapeutic 
 use of systematic movements and exercises. 
 
 Kinetotherapy {kin-et-o -ther' -ap-e) [kinesis; 
 depaiteca, therapy]. The treatment of disease 
 by systematic active or passive movements. 
 
 King's Evil. Scrofula, on account of a belief 
 that it could be cured by the touch of the 
 king. K.'s Yellow. See Arsenic Trisulfid. 
 
 Kino {ki'-no) [E. Ind.]. 1. The inspissated 
 juice of Pterocarpus marsupium, found in 
 India, and similar in action to tannic acid; 
 it is used mainly as a constituent of gargles 
 and diarrhea mixtures. 2. A general term 
 for the astringent inspissated juice of a tree, 
 
KINONE 
 
 539 
 
 KNEE 
 
 as furnished by many species of Eucalyptus. 
 
 K., Tincture of {tinctura kino, U. S. P.)- Dose 
 
 10 min.-2 dr. (0.65-8.0 Cc). 
 Kinone {kin' -on). See Quinone. 
 Kinoplasm {kin'-o-plazm) [ictvelv, to move; 
 
 Tz\ao[ia, a thing molded]. Strasburger's term 
 
 for the protoplasm peculiar to the centrosome; 
 
 the archoplasm of Boveri. 
 Kinotannic Acid. A variety of tannic acid 
 
 found in kino. 
 Kiotome (ki'-o-tom) [kcojv, the uvula; to/ioo', 
 
 cutting]. An instrument for amputating the 
 
 uvula, or for dividing strictures of the bladder 
 
 or rectum. 
 Kiotomy (ki-ot'-o-me) [see Kiotome]. Excision 
 
 of the uvula. 
 
 sensory and oculopupillary disturbances; it 
 is due to a lesion of the seventh and eighth 
 cervical and first dorsal nerve-roots. 
 
 Knapp's Angioid Streaks. Pigment streaks 
 appearing occasionally in the retina after 
 hemorrhage. K.'s Test for Glucose in 
 Urine, a solution is made of 10 Gm. of mer- 
 curic cyanid dissolved in 100 Cc. of caustic 
 soda solution, of a specific gravity of 1.145, 
 and diluted to one liter. When this solution 
 is diluted with water and heated with a glu- 
 cose solution, a reduction of metallic mercury 
 takes place. Ten Cc. of this solution are 
 reduced by 0.025 Gm. of glucose. 
 
 Knee (ne) [AS., cneow]. The articulation 
 
 9 
 
 Vertical Section of Knee-joint. — (Braune.) 
 Synovial membrane. 2. Short head of biceps. 3. Peroneal 
 nerve. 4. Long head of biceps. 5. Plantaris. 6. External 
 semilunar cartilage. 7. Sural vessels. 8*. Popliteal vessels. 
 9. Anterior crucial ligament with bursa subpatellaris. 10. 
 Ligamentum patellae. 11. Bursa praepatellaris. 
 
 Kissingen Salts (kis'-ing-en) [Ger.]. Efferves- 
 cing salts from the mineral springs of Kissin- 
 gen. K. Water, a laxative tonic mineral 
 water of Kissingen, in Bavaria. 
 
 Klatsch-preparation (klatch-prep-ar-a'-shun) 
 [Ger., Klatschprdparat). A cover-glass pre- 
 paration made by pressing the cover-glass 
 lightly on a bacterial colony in plate-culture. 
 
 Kleptomania (klep-to-ma'-ne-ah) [nXe-nTtcy, to 
 steal; ptavla, madness]. A form of emotional 
 insanity manifested by a morbid desire to 
 commit theft. 
 
 Klinocephalus. See Clinocephalus. 
 
 Klumpke's Paralysis. Paralysis and atrophy 
 of the muscles of the forearm and hand, with 
 
 Anterior View of the Ligaments of the 
 Knee-joint. : — (Sappey.) 
 
 1. Ligamentum patellae (the lateral patellar liga- 
 ments have been removed). 2. Patella covered 
 by tendinous fibers derived from the rectus 
 and vasti. 3. Tubercle of tibia. 4. Tendon 
 of rectus with vasti. 5. Long external lateral 
 ligament. 6, 6. Internal lateral ligament. 7. 
 Bicipital tuberosity of head of fibula receiv- 
 ing attachment of long external lateral liga- 
 ment. 8. Insertion of sartorius. 9. Ten- 
 don of popliteus. 10. Insertion of gracilis. 
 11. Tendon of adductor magnus prolonged 
 into internal lateral ligament. 12. Inser- 
 tion of semitendinosus. 
 
 between the femur and the tibia. K.-cap, 
 the patella. K., Housemaid's. See 
 Housemaid's Knee. K., In-. See Genu 
 valgum. K. of Internal Capsule, the angle 
 of junction of the anterior and posterior 
 limbs of the internal capsule. K.-jerk, 
 K. -reflex, K. -phenomenon, a contraction 
 of the quadriceps extensor femoris muscle 
 
KNEIPPISM 
 
 540 
 
 KNOT 
 
 as a result of a light blow on the patellar 
 tendon. Syn., Patellar tendon-reflex. See also 
 under Reflex. K. -joint, a hinge-joint 
 
 consisting of the articulation of the condyles 
 of the femur with the upper extremity of the 
 tibia and the posterior surface of the patella. 
 K., Knock-. See Genu valgum. K., Out-. 
 See Genu varum. K.-pan, the patella. 
 Kneippism (ni'-pizm). Hydrotherapy applied in 
 a great variety of ways- — baths, lotions, wet 
 
 Granny. K., Friction, one in which the 
 ends are wound twice around each other be- 
 fore they are tied. K., Gerdy's Extension, 
 resembles the clove-hitch. K., Granny, a tie 
 of a cord in which in the second loop the end 
 of one cord is over, and the other under, its 
 fellow, so that the two loops do not lie in the 
 same line. K., Reef, a knot so formed that 
 the ends come out alongside of the standing 
 parts and the knot does not jam. K., 
 
 Clove-hitch knot. 
 
 Surgical knot. 
 
 Granny, false, or double knot. 
 
 Reef or sailor's knot. 
 
 Staffordshire or Tait's knot. 
 
 Combined surgeon's and reef knot. 
 The Principal Surgical Knots. 
 
 compresses, packs, cold affusions, and walking 
 barefooted in the morning dew. 
 
 Knife (nif) [AS., cnlf\. An instrument for 
 cutting. In surgery, knives are of various 
 shapes and sizes, according to their use.. 
 
 Knot (not) [ME., knotte]. An interlace- 
 ment of ends or parts of one or more cords 
 or threads so that they cannot be readily 
 separated. K., Clove-hitch, a knot consist- 
 ing of two single, contiguous loops, the free 
 ends toward each other. K., Double. Same 
 as K. t Friction. K., False. Same as K., 
 
 Sailor's. Same as IC, Reef. K., Square. 
 Same as K., Reef. K., Staffordshire, a knot 
 used in ligating the pedicle in ovariotomy. 
 The ligature is passed through the pedicle, 
 and withdrawn so as to leave a loop, which 
 is passed over the tumor, and one of the free 
 ends is then drawn through the loop; both 
 ends are then passed through the pedicle, 
 tightened, and tied. K., Stay, formed by 
 two or more ligatures in the following way: 
 on each ligature separately is made the first 
 hitch of a reef knot, which is tightened so 
 
KNUCKLE 
 
 541 
 
 KOSOTOXIN 
 
 that the loop lies in contact with the vessel, 
 without constricting it; then taking the two 
 ends on one side together in one hand, and 
 the two ends on the other side in the other 
 hand, the vessel is constricted sufficiently to 
 occlude it, after which the reef knot is 
 completed. K., Surgical, a double knot 
 made by passing the thread twice through 
 the same loop. K., Tait's. See K., Staf- 
 fordshire. 
 
 Knuckle (nuk'-l) [ME., knokil, a knuckle or 
 joint]. I. An articulation of the phalanges 
 with the metacarpal bones or with each other. 
 2. A loop of intestine. 
 
 Kobelt's Cyst. See Cyst, Kobelt's. K.'s Tubes, 
 the upper ducts of the wolffian body which 
 end in a culdesac. 
 
 Kobert's Test for Hemoglobin. Treat the 
 solution with one of zinc sulfate or shake it 
 with zinc powder, when a precipitate of zinc 
 hemoglobin is formed. Alkalis color this pre- 
 cipitate red. 
 
 Koch's Eruption. A morbilliform eruption fol- 
 lowing the injection of tuberculin. K.'s 
 Law, K.'s Postulates, the specificity of a 
 microorganism is conclusively demonstrated 
 when the following conditions are fulfilled: 
 (i) The microorganism must be present in 
 all cases of the disease; (2) it must be cul- 
 tivated in pure culture; (3) its inoculation 
 must produce the disease in susceptible 
 animals; (4) from such animals it must be 
 obtained and again cultivated in pure culture. 
 K.'s Lymph. See Tuberculin. K.'s Method 
 of Sterilization, a method of interrupted 
 heating. The culture-mediums are heated 
 for a short time daily for from three to 
 five successive days, usually in the steam 
 sterilizer. 
 
 Kodozonol {kod-o-zo' -not) . Ozonized cod-liver 
 oil, an antiseptic dressing for wounds, burns, 
 etc. 
 
 Koebner's Multiple Papillary Tumors. See 
 Mycosis fungoides. 
 
 (von) Koelliker's Fibrous Layer. The layer 
 of fibrous connective tissue which forms the 
 substantia propria of the iris. v. K.'s Glands. 
 See Bowman's Glands, v. K.'s Muscle- 
 buds. See Kuehne's Muscle-spindles, v. 
 K.'s Reticulum, the neuroglia, v. K.'s 
 Tract-cells, ganglion-cells, the axons of 
 which pass as longitudinal fibers into the 
 white columns of the spinal cord. 
 
 Koenig's Symptom. Blue-blindness in gran- 
 ular kidney. K.'s Symptom-complex, 
 alternation, for a long period, of constipation 
 and diarrhea, and irregular attacks of colic, 
 which are generally of short duration and ter- 
 minate suddenly. During these attacks the 
 abdomen is distended, there exists frequently 
 a visible peristalsis, and a loud gurgling is 
 heard in the ileocecal region. These symp- 
 toms are characteristic of tuberculous stenosis 
 of the cecum. 
 
 Kohlrausch's Fold. A semilunar, transverse 
 fold of the rectal mucosa, situated about 6 
 cm. above the anus in the anterior and right 
 
 wall of the rectum. K.'s Veins, the super- 
 ficial veins that pass from the surface of 
 the penis upward to empty into the dorsal 
 vein. 
 
 Kola (ko'-lah). See K.-nut. K.-cardinette, 
 a proprietary cordial containing from 30 to 
 60 gr. of kola-nut to each fluidounce. A 
 nerve-tonic and stimulant. Dose 1-4 table- 
 spoonfuls (16-60 Cc.) 5 or 6 times daily. K.- 
 nut, the seed of Cola acuminata, used in Cen- 
 tral Africa as a substitute for tea and coffee. 
 It contains an alkaloid similar to caffein, and 
 is a cerebral stimulant and cardiac tonic. 
 K.-tannin, a compound of caffein and tan- 
 nin obtained from kola-nut. 
 
 Kolabon (ko'-lah-bon) [kola; bonbon\ A con- 
 fection prepared from undried kola-nut, con- 
 taining kolanin, caffein, and theobromin. It 
 is recommended in treatment of sea-sickness. 
 
 Kolanin (ko f -lan-in). The physiologically active 
 glucosid from kola-nut ; a thick extract, contain- 
 ing 80 to 90 % of the pure glucosid, is used in 
 the treatment of neurasthenia and neurasthenic 
 weakness of the heart. 
 
 Kolk's (Schroeder van der) Law. A spinal 
 nerve endows the muscles with motion through 
 its motor branches and the parts moved with 
 sensation through its sensory branches. 
 
 Kolpo- (kol-po-). See Col po-. 
 
 Kolypeptic {ko-le-pep'-tik) [kojXuv, to hinder; 
 TzenvcKOf, conducive to digestion]. Hindering 
 or checking digestive processes. 
 
 Koly septic {ko-le-scp'-tiU) [kojXOv, to hinder; 
 oi]7ixecv, to putrefy]. 1. Preventing putrefac- 
 tion. 2. An agent that hinders a septic 
 process. 
 
 Kombe {kom'-ba) [African]. An African arrow- 
 poison {kombe inee) extracted from Strophan- 
 tus kombe. 
 
 Koniosis (kon-e-o f -sis) [kovcc, dust]. A morbid 
 condition due to inhalation of dust. 
 
 Koniscope {kon'-is-kop) \kovcc~, dust; onoKtiv, 
 to examine]. An instrument for determining 
 the quantity of dust in the atmosphere. 
 
 Kopftetanus (kopf'-tet-an-us) [Ger.]. Cephalic 
 tetanus. See Tetanus, Cephalic. 
 
 Kopiopia {kop-e-o'-pe-ah) [kokoc , a straining; &(ft, 
 eye]. Eye-strain; weariness of the eyes. K. 
 hysterica, a term applied to those symptoms 
 that indicate hyperesthesia of the trigeminus 
 and optic nerves. 
 
 Koplik's Sign, K.'s Spots. Minute bluish- 
 white spots surrounded by a reddish areola; 
 they are observed on the mucous membrane of 
 the cheeks and lips of the patient during the 
 prodromal stage of measles. 
 
 Kopp's Asthma. Laryngismus stridulus. Syn., 
 Kopp's thymic asthma. 
 
 Koronion (ko-ro'-ne-on). The apex of the 
 coronoid process of the inferior maxilla. 
 
 Koroscopy (kor-os'-ko-pe). See Retinoscopy. 
 
 Korsakoff's Psychosis. Mental derangement, 
 in the form of delirium, observed in cases of 
 polyneuritis. 
 
 Kosotoxin (ko-so-toks f -in) [koso, the fertile 
 flowers of Brayera anthelmintica; zo^ckov, 
 poison], C 26 H 34 O 10 . An active principle from 
 
KOSSEL'S TEST 
 
 542 
 
 KUMISS 
 
 the ethereal extract of cusso flowers. It is 
 a strong muscle poison, but exerts little 
 influence on the central nervous system. 
 
 Kossel's Test for Hypoxanthin. Treat the 
 solution with hydrochloric acid and zinc and 
 add an excess of sodium hydroxid. The pres- 
 ence of hypoxanthin is evinced by a ruby-red 
 color. 
 
 Koumiss {koo'-mis). See Kumiss. 
 
 Koussin {koos'-in). See under Cusso, 
 
 Kousso {koos'-o). See Cusso. 
 
 Kowalewsky's Canal. See Canal, Neuren- 
 teric. 
 
 Kowarski's Test. See under Test. 
 
 Koyter's Muscle. The corrugator supercilii. 
 Syn., Musculus coiteri. 
 
 Krameria {kra-me'-re-ah) [after J. G. H. 
 Kramer, an Austrian physician]. A genus of 
 polypetalous herbs. The krameria of the U. 
 S. P. is the dried root of K. triandra (ratany- 
 root) and K. ixina, shrubs native to South 
 America; it possesses the same astringent qual- 
 ities as tannic acid. It is used in serous diar- 
 rheas. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). K., Extract of 
 {extractum kramerice, U. S. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. 
 (0:32-0.65 Gm.). K.,Fluidextract of {fluid- 
 extractum kramerice, U. S. P.). Dose 5 min.- 
 \ dr. (0.32-2.0 Cc). K., Infusion of (in- 
 jusum kramerice, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32- 
 64 Cc). K., Syrup of {syrupus kramerice, U. 
 S. P.), contains of the fluidextract, 35; syrup, 
 65. Dose£ dr.-! oz. (2-16 Cc). K., Tinc- 
 ture of {tinctura kramerice, U. S. P.). Dose 5 
 min.-i dr. (0.32-4.0 Cc). K., Troches of 
 (trochisci krameria, U. S. P.), each troche con- 
 tains 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) of the extract. 
 
 Kraurosis {krow-ro' -sis) \Kpaupog, dry]. Shrivel- 
 ing and dryness, especially of the vulva. 
 
 Krause's Corpuscles, K.'s End-bulbs. Sphe- 
 roid nerve-corpuscles resembling pacinian 
 corpuscles, but having a more delicate invest- 
 ment. They are found especially in the con- 
 junctiva and the genitals. K.'s Disc, K.'s 
 Membrane. See Membrane, Krause's. K.'s 
 Glands, acinous glands found in the con- 
 junctiva near the fornix, especially of the upper 
 lid. K.'s Muscle , the coracocervicalis muscle. 
 K.'s Nerve, the ulnar collateral branch of the 
 musculospiral nerve that descends along with 
 the ulnar nerve and enters the lower short 
 fibers of the inner head of the triceps. K.'s 
 Respiratory Tract, the solitary fascicle of 
 the oblongata. K.'s Valve. See Beraud's 
 Valve. K.'s Ventricle, the terminal ven- 
 tricle of the spinal cord. 
 
 Kreatin {kre'-at-in). See Creatin. 
 
 Kreatinin {kre-af -in-in) . See Creatinin. 
 
 Kreolin {kre'-o-lin). See Creolin. 
 
 Kreosolid {kre-o-soV -id) . See Creasote-mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 Kreotoxicon {kre-o-toks 1 '-ik-on) \npkac, meat; ro£- 
 ckov, poison], A general term for the active 
 agent in poisonous meat. 
 
 Kreotoxin {kre-o-toks' -in). Any basic poison 
 generated in meat by bacteria. 
 
 Kreotoxism {kre-o-toks' -izm) [see Kreotoxicon]. 
 Poisoning by infected meat. 
 
 Kreozonal {kre-o-zo'-nal). Ozonized oil of tar 
 for external use in skin diseases. 
 
 Kresamin {kres'-am-in). See Ethylenediamin- 
 tricresol. 
 
 Kresof orm {kres'-o-form) . A condensation- 
 product of formaldehyd and creasote. 
 
 Kresofuchsin {kres-o-fook' -sin) . An amor- 
 phous powder of gray-blue color. It is sol- 
 uble in acetic acid and acetone, less readily but 
 quite soluble in alcohol, only very slightly 
 so in water. The alcoholic solution appears 
 blue, the aqueous red. It is used as a his- 
 tologic stain. 
 
 Kresol {kre'-sol). See Cresol. 
 
 Kretzschmann's Space. A small pocket in 
 the attic of the middle ear situated below 
 Prussak's space. 
 
 Kreyssig's Sign. Retraction of the epigas- 
 trium and the contiguous portion of the false 
 ribs with each systole, in adherent pericar- 
 dium. 
 
 Krishaber's Disease. A neurosis resembling 
 neurasthenia, and characterized by a rapid 
 onset, predominant cerebral symptoms (in- 
 somnia, vertigo, etc.), neuralgia, and circula- 
 tory disturbances. Syn., Neuropathic cerebro- 
 cardiaque. 
 
 Krisowski's Sign. See Sign, Silex's. 
 
 Kroenlein's Hernia. Preperitoneal inguinal 
 hernia. 
 
 Kronethyl {kron-eth'-il). An ethereal extract 
 of Chinese cantharides. Applied in gout and 
 neuralgia, 6-10 drops on a wet bandage. 
 
 Krymotherapy. See Crymotherapy. 
 
 Kryofin (kri'-o-fin). Phenetidin methylglyco- 
 late, a condensation-product of paraphenetidin 
 and methyl gly colic acid. It is antipyretic 
 and antineuralgic. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 
 Gm.). 
 
 Krystallose (kris'-tal-os). Sodium sacchari- 
 nate. 
 
 Kubisagari, Kubisgari. An endemic paralytic 
 vertigo which prevails in Japan. 
 
 Kuehne's Muscle-spindles. Peculiar, fusi- 
 form enlargements occurring at the entrance 
 of certain nerves into a muscle-bundle. K.'s 
 Muscular Phenomenon. See Porrefs Phe- 
 nomenon. 
 
 Kuemmell's Disease. Traumatic spondyl- 
 itis. 
 
 Kuester's Sign. A cystic tumor felt in the 
 median line in front of the uterus is a dermoid 
 cyst. 
 
 Kuestner's Law. Torsion of the pedicle of 
 an ovarian tumor takes place toward the right 
 if the tumor is left -sided, and toward the left 
 if it is right -sided. 
 
 Kuhnt's Spaces. The recesses of the posterior 
 chamber; a series of radial spaces which 
 communicate anteriorly with the posterior 
 chamber of the eye and contain aqueous 
 humor. 
 
 Kumiss, Kumyss {koo'-mis) [Tartar, kumiz, 
 fermented mares' milk]. An alcoholic drink 
 originally made by the fermentation of mares' 
 milk. At present cows' milk is used in mak- 
 ing it. 
 
KUPFFER'S CELLS 
 
 543 
 
 LABIOGLOSSOPHARYNGEAL 
 
 Kupffer's Cells. Stellate endothelial cells of 
 the liver-capillaries having a large round or 
 ovoid nucleus and frequently containing pig- 
 mentary matter. 
 
 Kussmaul's Coma. Diabetic coma: K.'s 
 Disease, acute anterior poliomyelitis; acute 
 atrophic spinal paralysis. K.'s Paradoxic 
 Pulse, a pulse which becomes weaker or 
 disappears during deep inspiration; it is ob- 
 served in cases of adherent pericardium and 
 mediastinal adhesions or tumor. K.'s Res- 
 piration, the deep, labored respiration of di- 
 abetic coma. K.'s Symptom, swelling of 
 the cervical veins during inspiration in adher- 
 ent pericardium and mediastinal tumor. 
 
 Kussmaul-Landry's Paralysis. See Lan- 
 dry's Paralysis. 
 
 Kusso {koo'-so). See Cusso. 
 
 Kuttarasome {kut-ar 1 '-as-om) [rnxxapog, any 
 hollow cavity; otipa, body]. A body found by 
 Ira van Gieson at the neck of the cone of the 
 retina, composed of a series of parallel bars 
 presenting a gridiron appearance. The bars 
 had lateral anastomoses and at the top joined 
 in a semicircular manner. 
 
 Kyestein {ki-es' -te-in) [Kuelv, to be pregnant; 
 iodfjc, a garment]. A filmy deposit upon 
 decomposing urine, once thought to be diag- 
 nostic of pregnancy. 
 
 Kymograph, Kymographion {ki'-mo-gra}, ki- 
 mo-graj'-e-on) [nupa, a wave; ypd^ecv, to 
 write]. An instrument for reproducing graph- 
 ically the variations in blood-pressure. 
 
 Kymoscope {ki'-mo-skdp) [nupa, a wave; OKonelv, 
 to inspect]. A device used in the observation 
 and study of the blood-current. 
 
 Kynurin (ki-nu f -rin) . See Cynurin. 
 
 Kyphoscoliosis (ki-fo-sko-le-o'-sis) [kyphosis; 
 scoliosis]. Kyphosis combined with scoliosis. 
 
 Kyphosis (ki-fo'-sis) [kucjhoocc', humpbacked]. 
 Humpback. Angular curvature of the spine, 
 the prominence or convexity turned dorsad. 
 
 Kyphotic (ki-fot'-ik) [kyphosis]. Relating to, 
 of the nature of, or affected with kyphosis. 
 
 Kyphotone {ki' -jo-ton) [ku^oc, a crookedness; 
 xovoc, a brace]. An apparatus for the for- 
 cible reduction of deformity in Pott's dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Kyrtometric (kir-to-met'-rik) [Kuproc, curved; 
 phpov, a measure]. Relating to the meas- 
 
 SP. 
 
 V 
 
 Kymograph. — (Ludwig.) 
 a, a. Artery. C. Revolving 'cylinder, c. Height of mer- 
 cury in tube; the difference between this point and d 
 indicates the pressure within the vessel, d, s. Float 
 on mercury in tube. f. Writing-style. 
 
 urements of the body-curves. Syn. ; Cyrto- 
 metric. 
 Kysthitis (kis-thi f -tis) [nlodoc, a hollow; crcc y 
 
 inflammation]. Vaginitis. 
 
 L. The symbol for lithium and the abbreviation 
 of left and of libra, a pound. 
 
 Lab, Lab-ferment. The ferment of rennet, 
 producing coagulation of milk. 
 
 Labarraque's Solution. A solution of sodium 
 carbonate, 10; chlorid of lime, 8; water, ioo; 
 it is a disinfectant. 
 
 Labbe's Vein. The anastomotic vein that ex- 
 tends from the lateral sinus to Trolard's 
 vein or to the superior longitudinal sinus. 
 
 Labial (la'-be-al) [labium, a lip]. Pertaining to 
 the lips. 
 
 Labidometer {lab-id-om' -et-er) [>ta/?/c, forceps; 
 pkxpov, a measure]. A forceps for measuring 
 the fetal head in the pelvis. 
 
 Labile (lab'-il) [labi, to glide], i. Gliding to 
 
 and fro: applied to an electric current when 
 the electrode is moved from place to place 
 over the skin. 2. In chemistry, unstable. 
 
 Lability (la-bil f -i-te) [labile]. 1. In electro- 
 therapeutics, the quality of being labile. 2. 
 Instability. 
 
 Labio- (la-be-o-) [labium, lip]. A prefix mean- 
 ing pertaining to the lip. 
 
 Labiochorea (la-be-o-ko-re'-ah) [labio-; xopz'ta, 
 dancing]. A choreic affection of the lips and 
 the stammering that results from it. 
 
 Labioglossolaryngeal (la-be-o-glos-o-lar-in f -je- 
 al) [labio-; jXojooa, tongue; larynx]. Pertain- 
 ing conjointly to lips, tongue, and larynx. 
 L. Paralysis. See Paralysis, Bulbar. 
 
 Labioglossopharyngeal {la-be-o-glos-o-jar-in'- 
 
LABIOMYCOSIS 
 
 544 
 
 LACRIMAL 
 
 je-al) [labio-; jXojoaa, tongue; pharynx]. Per- 
 taining conjointly to lips, tongue, and pharynx. 
 
 Labiomycosis (la-be -o- mi - ko' - sis) [labio-; 
 mycosis]. Any affection of the lips due to 
 fungal origin. 
 
 Labioplasty (la'-be-o'-plas-te). See Chiloplasty. 
 
 Labium (la'-be-um) [L. ; pi., labia]. A lip. L. ma- 
 jus, L. pudendi ma jus, one of two folds of 
 skin of the female external genital organs, aris- 
 ing just below the mons veneris, surround- 
 ing the vulval entrance, and meeting at the 
 anterior part of the perineum. L. minus, 
 L. pudendi minus, the nympha; one of two 
 folds of mucous membrane at the inner sur- 
 faces of the labia majora. L. tympanicum, 
 the portion of the lamina spiralis forming the 
 lower border of the sulcus spiralis. Labia 
 urethrae, the lateral margins of the external 
 urinary meatus. L. vestibulare, the over- 
 hanging extremity of the lamina spiralis that 
 forms the upper part of the sulcus spiralis. 
 
 Lablab {lab' -lab). The genus Dolichos. L. 
 Seeds, the seeds of Dolichos lablab; used as 
 food and also as a stomachic and antiperiodic. 
 
 Labor (la'-bor) [L., "work"]. Parturition; the 
 bringing forth of young. L., Artificial, that 
 effected or aided by other means than the 
 forces of the maternal organism. L., Dry, 
 that in which there is a deficiency of the liquor 
 amnii, or in which there has been a premature 
 rupture of the bag of waters. L., Induced, 
 labor brought on by artificial means. L., 
 Instrumental, one requiring instrumental 
 means to extract the child. L., Mechanism 
 of, the mechanism by which a fetus and its 
 appendages traverse the birth-canal and are 
 expelled. L., Missed, retention of the dead 
 fetus in the uterus beyond the period of normal 
 gestation. L. -pains, the pains consequent 
 upon the contractions of the uterus during 
 labor. L., Precipitate, labor in which the 
 expulsion of the fetus and its appendages 
 takes place with undue celerity. L., Prema- 
 ture, labor taking place before the normal 
 period of gestation, but when the fetus is 
 viable. L., Protracted, labor prolonged 
 beyond the usual limit (10-20 hours in primi- 
 paras, 2-6 hours in multiparas). L., Stages 
 of, arbitrary divisions of the period of labor — 
 the first begins with dilation of the os and 
 ends with complete dilation; the second ends 
 with the expulsion of the child; the third 
 {placental) consists in the expulsion of the 
 placenta. 
 
 Laboratory (lab' ' -or-a-to-re) [laborare, to work]. 
 A room or place designed for experimental 
 scientific work. 
 
 Labyrinth (lab' -ir-inth) [Xaftupcvdoc, a maze]. 
 1. A name given to the series of cavities of 
 the internal ear, comprising the vestibule, 
 cochlea, and the semicircular canals. 2. The 
 parts of the cortex of the kidney between the 
 medullary rays. See Kidney. L., Bony. 
 See L., Osseous. L., Ethmoid, L., Olfac- 
 tory, the lateral portions of the ethmoid bone. 
 L., Membranous, the membranous cavity 
 within the osseous labyrinth, from which it 
 
 is partly separated by the perilymph. L., 
 Osseous, the bony portion of the internal 
 
 Labyrinth of the Ear Laid Open. 
 a. Fovea elliptica. b. Fovea hemisphaerica. c. Com- 
 mon entrance of the posterior and superior semi- 
 circular canals, d. Opening of the aqueduct of the 
 vestibule, e. Superior semicircular canal. /. Posterior. 
 g. Inferior semicircular canal, h. Spiral canal of 
 cochlea, i. Opening of the aqueduct of the cochlea. 
 j. Lamina spiralis. 
 
 Labyrinthal, Labyrinthic, Labyrinthine (lab- 
 er-in'-thal, lab-er-in'-thik, lab -er -in' -thin) [laby- 
 rinth]. Pertaining to a labyrinth. L. Vertigo. 
 See Meniere's Disease. 
 
 Labyrinthitis (lab-ir-in-thi'-tis) [labyrinth; 
 ctcc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 labyrinth; otitis interna. L., Primary. 
 See Voltolini's Disease. 
 
 Lac (lak) [L.]. Milk. L. sulphuris, milk of 
 sulfur, or precipitated sulfur. 
 
 Laceration (las-er-a'-shun) [lacerare, to tear]. 
 A tear. L. of Perineum, a tearing through 
 the wall separating the lower extremity of 
 the vagina and rectum, occurring occasionally 
 during childbirth. 
 
 Lacertus (las-er'-tus) [L.]. 1. The muscular 
 part of the arm from the shoulder to the 
 elbow. 2. A muscle or fibrous fascicle. 
 
 Lachrymal (lak'-rim-al). See Lacrimal. 
 
 Lacmus (lak'-mus). See Litmus. 
 
 Lacrimal (lak'-rim-al) [lacrima, a tear]. Per- 
 taining to the tears or to the organs secreting 
 and conveying the tears. L. Apparatus, 
 the lacrimal gland, ducts, canal, sac, and 
 nasal duct. L. Artery, the first branch of 
 the ophthalmic artery, supplying the gland. 
 L. Bone, a bone upon the nasal side of the 
 orbit, articulating with the frontal, the eth- 
 moid, and superior maxillary bones, in which 
 begin the lacrimal groove and nasal duct. 
 L. Canals, L. Canaliculi, superior and 
 inferior, extend from the lacrimal punctums to 
 the sac, and serve to convey the excess of 
 tears from the eye to the nose. L. Caruncle. 
 See Caruncle, Lacrimal. Is. Ducts, 7 to 14 ducts 
 extending obliquely from the gland to the fornix 
 conjunctivae, carrying the tears to the con- 
 junctival surface of the eyeball. L. Fistula, 
 a fistula communicating with a lacrimal 
 duct. L. Fossa, a depression at the upper 
 and outer angle of the orbit. L. Gland, the 
 gland secreting the tears, situated in a de- 
 pression of the frontal bone. L. Lake, the 
 
LAC RIM ATI ON 
 
 545 
 
 LACTOSOMATOSE 
 
 inward prolongation of the palpebral fissure of 
 the eyelids. L. Papilla. See Papilla, Lacrimal. 
 L. Probe, a probe for exploring or dilating 
 the canaliculi and nasal duct. L. Puncta, 
 the minute orifices of the canaliculi upon the 
 
 Lacrimal Apparatus. — (H olden.) 
 
 eyelids near the inner canthus. L. Sac, a 
 saccular enlargement of the upper part of 
 the nasal duct, into which the canaliculi 
 empty. L. Style, a probe used in stricture 
 of the nasal duct. 
 
 Lacrimation (lak-rim-a' -shun) [see Lacrimal]. 
 An excessive secretion of tears. 
 
 Lactaciduria (lak-tas-id-u'-re-ah) [lactic acid; 
 odpov, urine]. The presence of lactic acid 
 in the urine. 
 
 Lactalbumin (lak - tal' - bu - min) [lac; al- 
 bumin]. A proteid contained in milk; it 
 resembles serum-albumin, and coagulates at 
 a temperature of from 70 to 8o° C. 
 
 Lactase (lak'-tdz). A soluble enzym found in 
 the animal body which hydrolyzes lactose. 
 
 Lactate {lak' -tat). A salt of lactic acid. 
 
 Lactation (lak-ta'-shun) [I act are, to suckle]. 
 Suckling; the period during which the child 
 is nourished from the breast. 
 
 Lacteal (lak'-te-al) [lac]. 1. Pertaining to 
 milk. 2. Any one of the lymphatics of the 
 small intestine that take up the chyle. 
 
 Lactic (lak'-tik). Pertaining to milk or its 
 derivatives. L. Acid. See Acid, Lactic. 
 L. Acid, Test for. See Uffelmann. 
 
 Lactiferous (lak-tif ' -er-us) [lac; ferre, to earn.']. 
 Conveying or secreting milk. L. Ducts, the 
 ducts of the mammary gland. L. Glands, 
 the mammary glands. 
 
 Lactifuge (lak' -tif-uj) [lac; fugare, to drive 
 away]. 1. Lessening the secretion of milk. 
 2. A drug or agent that causes a lessening 
 in the secretion of milk. 
 
 Lactigenous {lak-tif -en-us) [lac; yewav, to 
 produce]. Milk -producing. 
 
 Lactigerous {lak-tij' -er-us) . See Lactiferous. 
 
 Lactin (lak' -tin). See Lactose. 
 
 Lactinated (lak'-tin-a-ted). Containing lactose. 
 
 Lactivorous (lak-tiv'-or-us) [lac; vorare, to 
 devour]. Subsisting on milk. 
 
 Lacto- (lak-to-) [lac, milk]. A prefix denoting 
 relation to milk. 
 36 
 
 Lactocele (lak'-to-sel). See Galactocele. 
 
 Lactochrome (lak'-to-krom) [lacto-; %pojp.a, 
 color], C 6 H l8 NO e . An alkaloidal substance 
 from milk. 
 
 Lactocin (lak' -to-sin) . A sedative and hyp- 
 notic obtained from the juice of Lactuca 
 virosa. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
 
 Lactoglobulin (lak-to-glob' -u-lin) [lacto-; globu- 
 lin]. One of the proteids of colostrum. 
 
 Lactoglycose (lak-to-gW -kos) [lacto-; yXunoc, 
 sweet]. A dry powder prepared from Mellin's 
 food and milk, free from starch, and with 
 the casein mechanically broken up. 
 
 Lactol (lak'-tol), C 10 H 7 O.OC.CH(OH)CH 3 , 
 betanaphthol lactate, an intestinal antiseptic 
 used as a substitute for benzonaphthol. It 
 is decomposed in the intestine into lactic acid 
 and naphthol. Dose 3^-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.). 
 Syn., Lactonaphthol. 
 
 Lactola (lak-to' -lah) . A factitious milk made 
 from skimmed milk, sugar, and a slight 
 percentage of cotton-seed oil. 
 
 Lactometer (lak-tom' -et-er) [lacto-; p.kxpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for determining 
 the specific gravity of milk. 
 
 Lactonaphthol (lak -to- naf - 
 thol). See Lactol. 
 
 Lactone (lak'-tdn), C 10 H 8 O 4 . 
 An aromatic, colorless, in- 
 flammable fluid, obtained in 
 the dry distillation of lactic 
 acid. 
 
 Lactophenin (lak -to- je' - nin) 
 [lacto-; <f)o~tvcq, purple red]. 
 A derivative of phenetidin 
 with lactic acid. It is a white 
 powder used as an antipyretic 
 and analgesic. Dose 8-15 
 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Lactophosphate (lak-to-fos'-}at) 
 [lacto-; phosphate]. A salt 
 composed of a base united to 
 la.ctic and phosphoric acid. 
 
 Lactoprotein (lak-to-pro' -te-in) 
 
 [lacto-; protein]. A proteid said to exist in 
 milk. 
 
 Lactoscope (lak'-to-skop) [lacto-; oko-s.Iv, to 
 examine]. An instrument for estimating the 
 proportions of water and fat-globules in milk. 
 
 Lactose (lak' -to s) [lac], Ci 2 H 22 O n + H 2 0. 
 Milk-sugar (saccharum lactis y U. S. P.): 
 a sugar found in the milk of mam- 
 mals, and at times in the urine of nursing 
 women. It forms white, hard, rhombic crys- 
 tals, soluble in water, and has a sweetish 
 taste. Its chief use is as a vehicle. Syn., 
 Lactin. 
 
 Lactoserum (lak-to-se 1 '-rum) [lacto-; serum, 
 whey]. 1. The whey of milk. 2. The blood- 
 serum of an animal inoculated with the milk 
 of another animal, whereby the serum is ren- 
 dered capable of precipitating casein in the 
 milk of the variety used in the inoculation. 
 
 Lactosin (lak' -to-sin), C 36 H 62 31 . A crystal- 
 lizable polysaccharid. 
 
 Lactosomatose (lak-to-so 1 '-mat-os) . A powder, 
 consisting of the albuminous principles of 
 
 ¥ 
 
 Lactometer. 
 (Barlley.) 
 
LACTOSURIA 
 
 546 
 
 LAMELLAR 
 
 milk combined with 5 % of tannic acid; used 
 in gastrointestinal disorders. Dose 1-3 tea- 
 spoonfuls. 
 Lactosuria (lak-to-su'-re-ah) [lactose; oupov, 
 urine]. The presence of lactose in the urine. 
 Lactuca (lak-tu'-kah) [L., ''lettuce"]. A genus 
 of composite-flowered herbs, the lettuces. 
 L. saliva is the common garden lettuce. L. 
 virosa is a European species, the source of 
 lactucarium. 
 Lactucarium (lak-tu-ka' -re-um) . The con- 
 crete milky juice of Lactuca virosa. It con- 
 tains a substance, lactucin, to which its prop- 
 erties are thought to be due, is sedative and 
 anodyne, and has been used in cough and 
 nervous irritability. L., Syrup of (syrupus 
 lactucarii, U. S. P.). Dose 2 dr. (8 Cc). 
 L., Tincture of (tinctura lactucarii, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 Lactucin (lak-tu'-sin). See Lactocin. 
 Lactyl (lak'-til), C 3 H 4 0. A radicle found in 
 lactic acid. L.-phenetidin. See Lacto- 
 phenin. L.-tropein, C 8 H 14 NO . CO . CH- 
 (OH) . CH 3 , obtained from tropin by action 
 of lactic acid or ethyl lactate. It is a cardiac 
 tonic. 
 Lacuna (la-ku'-nah) [lacus]. A hollow space. 
 L.s of Bone. See under Bone. L.s, How- 
 ship's. 1. Depressions on the surface of 
 bone beneath the periosteum. 2. Carious 
 excavations in bone filled with granulation 
 tissue. L. magna, the largest of the orifices 
 of the glands of Littre, situated on the upper 
 surface of the fossa navicularis. L.s of 
 Urethra, follicular depressions in the mucous 
 membrane of the urethra, most abundant 
 along the floor, especially in the region of 
 the bulb. Their mouths are directed forward. 
 Lacunar (la-ku'-nar) [lacuna]. 1. Pertaining 
 to the lacunas, as lacunar tonsillitis. See 
 Tonsillitis, Lacunar. 2. See Valve of Vieussens. 
 L. orbitae, the roof of the orbit. L. ventriculi 
 quarti, L. vieussenii. See Valve of Vieussens. 
 Lacunose (la-ku'-nos) [lacuna]. The condition 
 
 of having pits, depressions, or spaces. 
 Lacunosoreticulate (la-ku-no-so-re-tik'- u - lat) 
 [lacuna; reticulum, a network]. Both reticu- 
 late and lacunose. 
 Lacunula (la-ku'-nu-lah) [dim. of lacuna, a 
 
 lake]. A small lacuna. 
 Lacus (la'-kus) [L., "lake"]. A small cavity. 
 L. lacrimalis, the space at the inner canthus 
 of the eye, near the punctum, in which the 
 tears collect. 
 Ladendorff's Test for Blood. Treat the 
 liquid with tincture of guaiacum and then 
 with oil of eucalyptus; in the presence of 
 blood the upper layer becomes violet and the 
 lower layer blue. 
 Lady Webster's Pills. Laxative pills of aloes 
 
 and mastic. 
 Laennec's Catarrh. A form of asthmatic 
 bronchitis with scanty, viscous, "pearly" 
 expectoration. See L.'s Perles. L.'s 
 Disease, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver; 
 hobnail liver. L.'s Perles, roundish, gela- 
 tinous masses forming the sputum in bron- 
 
 chial asthma. L.'s Rale, a modified sub- 
 crepitant rale due to mucus in the bronchioles; 
 it is heard in pulmonary emphysema. L.'s 
 Thrombus, a globular thrombus formed in 
 the heart, especially when the heart is the seat 
 of fatty degeneration. 
 
 Lafayette Mixture. A mixture employed 
 in gonorrhea. It contains copaiba, cubeb, 
 solution of potassium hydroxid, sweet spirit 
 of niter, and is known also as the compound 
 copaiba mixture. 
 
 Lagmi {lag' -me). A fermented wine or liquor 
 made by the Arabs from the juice of the 
 
 • date-palm. 
 
 Lagophthalmos {lag-of-thal'-mos) [Xaycbc, hare; 
 6(f>daXpi6c, eye: from the popular notion that 
 a hare sleeps with open eyes]. A condition 
 in which the eyes cannot be closed. 
 
 La Grippe (lah grep). See Influenza. 
 
 Laiose (li'-oz). A body found by Leo in dia- 
 betic urine in certain cases and regarded by 
 him as a sugar. Syn., Leo's sugar. 
 
 Lake-colored, Laky [Fr., laque, rose-colored, 
 from Pers. lak]. Applied to blood that is 
 dark red and transparent from a solution of 
 the hemoglobin in the serum. 
 
 Lallation {lal-a' -shun) [XaXoc, prattle]. Any 
 unintelligible stammering of speech, such as 
 the prattling of a babe. 
 
 Lallemand-Trousseau's Bodies. Gelatinous 
 masses found in the secretion of the seminal 
 vesicles. 
 
 Laloneurosis (lal-o-nu-ro' -sis) [XaXog, prattle; 
 neurosis]. An impairment of speech arising 
 from spasmodic action of the muscles. It 
 includes stammering and aphthongia. 
 
 Lalopathy (lal-op'-ath-e) [XdXoc, prattle; Tiadoc, 
 disease]. Any disorder of speech. 
 
 Lalophobia (lal-o-fo'-be-ah) [XaXoc, prattle; 
 <f)b^oc, fear]. Stutter-spasm, leading to or 
 complicated with a dislike of speaking. 
 
 Lalouette's Pyramid. A prolongation of the 
 upper portion of the thyroid gland, generally 
 to the left of the median line; it is not constant. 
 
 Lambda (lam'-dah) [Xapiftda, the Greek letter 
 A or X]. The angle of junction of the sagittal 
 and lambdoid sutures. 
 
 Lambdacism (lam' -das-izm) [XanftdaKconog, a 
 fault in pronunciation of the letter "/"]. 1. 
 Difficulty in uttering the sound of the letter /. 
 2. Too frequent use of the / sound, or its 
 substitution for the r sound. 
 
 Lambdoid, Lambdoidal (lam'-doid, lam-doi'- 
 dal) [lambda; eldoc, resemblance]. Resem- 
 bling the Greek letter X. L. Suture, the 
 suture between the occipital and the two 
 parietal bones. 
 
 Lamella (lam-el' '-ah) [dim. of lamina, a plate]. 
 A thin scale or plate. L.s of Bone, the con- 
 centric rings surrounding the haversian canals. 
 L., Concentric, one of the plates of bone 
 surrounding the haversian canal. L., Inter- 
 mediate, one of the plates filling the spaces 
 between the concentric layers of bone. L., 
 Periosteal, L., Peripheral, a superficial 
 lamella of bone lying under the periosteum. 
 
 Lamellar (lam-el' -ar). Having the nature of 
 
LAMENESS 
 
 547 
 
 LANDRY'S DISEASE 
 
 or resembling a thin plate; composed of 
 lamellas or thin plates. L. Cataract. See 
 Cataract, Lamellar. 
 
 Lameness (lam'-nes) [ME., lame]. Limping; 
 weakness of a limb. L., Intermittent. 
 See Claudication, Intermittent. 
 
 Lamin (la'-min) [lamium, the dead-nettle]. 
 An alkaloid from Lamium album. The sul- 
 fate is used hypodermatically as a powerful 
 hemostatic in uterine and other internal 
 hemorrhages. 
 
 Lamina (lam'-in-ah) [L., "a plate or scale"]. 
 A thin plate or layer. L. basilaris, the 
 decidua serotina. L. cinerea, the connect- 
 ing layer of gray matter between the cor- 
 pus callosum and the optic chiasm. L., 
 Cribriform, the cribriform plate of the eth- 
 moid. L. cribrosa. i. That portion of the 
 choroid which is perforated for the passage 
 of the optic nerve. 2. The fascia covering 
 the saphenous opening. 3. The anterior or 
 posterior perforated space of the brain. 4. 
 The perforated plates of bone through which 
 branches of the cochlear or auditory nerve 
 pass. L., Dental, an epithelial sheet formed 
 by a flattening of the base of the dental band, 
 from which the buds forming the enamel- 
 organs of the teeth are given off. L., Ex- 
 ternal Elastic, the innermost layer of the 
 adventitia, consisting of fibers of elastic 
 tissue blending externally with the adventitia 
 proper. L. fusca, the pigmentary tissue of 
 the inner layer of the sclera, forming the 
 outer layer of the perichoroid sinus. L.S, 
 Muscle. See Myocomma. L. propria, the 
 middle or fibrous layer of the tympanic mem- 
 brane. L., Reticular, the hyaline mem- 
 brane of the inner ear, extending between 
 the conjoined head of Corti's rods and the 
 supporting cells. L. spiralis, a thin plate 
 in the ear, osseous in the inner part and 
 membranous in the outer, which divides the 
 spiral tube of the cochlea into the scala tym- 
 pani and the scala vestibuli. L. supracho- 
 roidea, the delicate connective-tissue mem- 
 brane uniting the choroid and sclerotic coats 
 of the eye. L. vasculosa chorioidea, the 
 layers of large vessels and of capillaries of the 
 choroid considered as one. L. velamentosa, 
 the organ of Ccrrti. L., Vitreous, a homo- 
 geneous membrane covering the inner sur- 
 face of the choroid. Syn., Membrane of 
 Bruch. 
 
 Laminar (lam'-in-ar). Composed of laminas; 
 having the form of a lamina. 
 
 Laminaria (lam-in-a' '-re-ah) [lamina], 1. A 
 genus of seaweeds of the order Laminariacece. 
 2. The stems of L. clous toni or L. digitata. 
 L. Tent, a tent made of the stem of the 
 laminaria plant, for dilation of the cervix 
 uteri and other canals. 
 
 Laminated (lam' -in-a-ted) . See Laminar. 
 
 Lamination (lam-in-a' -shun) [lamina]. 1. Ar- 
 rangement in plates or layers. 2. An opera- 
 tion in embryotomy consisting in cutting the 
 skull in slices. 
 
 Laminectomy (lam-in-ek'-to-me) [lamina; i/cro- 
 
 firj, excision]. The operation of removing 
 the posterior vertebral arches. 
 
 Laminiform (lam-in' -e- form). See' Laminar. 
 
 Laminoids (lam'-in-oidz) . Blaud's tablets, made 
 in two layers — one of ferrous sulfate and one 
 of sodium bicarbonate — united by pressure. 
 
 Lamium (la'-me-um) [L., "dead-nettle"]. A 
 genus of plants. L. album is a species fur- 
 nishing the alkaloid lamin. 
 
 Lampblack (lamp'-blak). A fine black sub- 
 stance, almost pure carbon, made by burning 
 coal-oils in an atmosphere deficient in oxygen, 
 or by allowing a gas-flame to impinge on a 
 cold surface. 
 
 Lanain (lan'-a-in) [lana, wool]. Purified wool- 
 fat. 
 
 Lancereaux's Interstitial Nephritis. In- 
 terstitial nephritis due to rheumatism. L.'s 
 Law, marantic thromboses always occur at 
 the points where there is the greatest ten- 
 dency to stasis; that is, where the influence 
 of the cardiac propulsion and of thoracic as- 
 piration is least. L.'s Treatment (in aneu- 
 rysm of the aorta), consists in subcutaneous in- 
 jections of serum gelatin. 
 
 Lancet (Ian' -set) [dim. of lancea, a lance]. A 
 knife having a double-edged, lance-shaped 
 blade, for incising tumors, abscesses, etc. L., 
 Gum-, a small lancet in which the cutting 
 portion has a convex edge and is at right 
 angles to the shaft; it is used for cutting the 
 gums. L., Spring, one in which the blade 
 is thrust out by means of a spring controlled 
 by a trigger. L., Thumb, one with a double- 
 edged, broad blade. 
 
 Lancinating (lan'-sin-a-ting) [lancinare, to 
 tear]. Tearing; shooting. L. Pains, rend- 
 ing, tearing, or sharply cutting pains r com- 
 mon in posterior spinal sclerosis. 
 
 Lancisi, Nerves of. The slight ridges of the 
 corpus callosum on each side of the raphe. 
 Syn., Strice longitudinales. 
 
 Landau's Form of Enteroptosis. Enter- 
 optosis due to relaxation of the abdominal 
 walls and pelvic floor. 
 
 Landolt's Bodies. Small, elongated, clavate 
 bodies lying between the rods and cones and 
 resting upon the outer nuclear layer of the 
 retina. L.'s Test for Phenol, treat the solu- 
 tion with bromin water; a white, crystalline 
 precipitate of tribromphenol is produced. 
 
 Landouzy's Ischialgia. Neuralgia of the 
 sciatic nerve, with atrophy of the muscles of 
 all or part of the affected leg. L.'s Purpura, 
 a form of purpura with grave systemic symp- 
 toms. 
 
 Landouzy-Dejerine's Type of Progressive 
 Muscular Atrophy. A form in which there 
 is atrophy of the muscles of the face and those 
 of the scapulohumeral group. 
 
 Landry's Disease, L.'s Paralysis. A form 
 of paralysis characterized by loss of motor 
 power in the lower extremities, gradually 
 extending to the upper extremities and to 
 the centers of circulation and respiration 
 without sensory manifestations, trophic 
 changes, etc. Syn., Acute ascending paralysis. 
 
LAND -SCURVY 
 
 548 
 
 LAPAROHYSTEROTOMY 
 
 Land-scurvy. Purpura haemorrhagica. 
 
 Landzert's Fossa. A fossa in the peritoneal 
 cavity that is bounded behind by the parietal 
 peritoneum covering the psoas, the renal ves- 
 sels, the ureter, and a part of the left kidney, 
 and below by the mesocolic fold. Syn., 
 Paraduodenal fossa; Recessus venosus. 
 
 Lang's Reaction for Taurin. A white com- 
 bination appearing as a precipitate on boiling 
 a solution of taurin with freshly precipitated 
 mercuric acid. 
 
 Langer's Axillary Arch. The thickened 
 border of fascia which forms a bridge across 
 the bicipital groove. 
 
 Langerhans' Bodies. See Cells, Centroacinar. 
 L.'s Granular Layer, the stratum granulo- 
 sum; the layer of epidermal cells above the 
 rete mucosum. L.'s Stellate Corpuscles. 
 See Corpuscles, Langerhans' Stellate. 
 
 Langhans' Cells. The polygonal epithelial 
 cells, with distinct nuclei and cell-walls, con- 
 stituting Langhans' layer. L.'s Giant-cell, 
 the giant-cell of a tubercular granuloma. L.'s 
 Layer, the inner of the two layers of cells 
 covering the chorion; it is derived from the 
 ectoderm. 
 
 Lanichol (Ian' -ik-ol) . A proprietary prepara- 
 tion of wool-fat. 
 
 Laniol {lan'-e-ol). A proprietary wool-fat. 
 
 Lannaiol {lan-a-i'-ol) An iodocresol proposed 
 as a substitute for iodoform. 
 
 Lannelongue's Tibia. The deformed tibia of 
 inherited syphilis. 
 
 Lanoform {Ian' -o- form). An antiseptic prepa- 
 ration of lanolin and i % of formaldehyd. 
 
 Lanolin (lan'-o-lin) [lana, wool; oleum, oil]. 
 A cholesterin fat (adeps lance, U. S. P.) ob- 
 tained from sheep's wool, and used as a 
 basis for ointments. L.-milk, a mixture of 
 lanolin, 10 parts; borax, i part; rose-water, 
 ioo parts*, and medicated soap, 2.5 parts. L. 
 Powder, lanolin combined with zinc oxid, 
 magnesium carbonate, and starch. L., Sul- 
 furated, thilanin. 
 
 Lantanin {Ian' -tan-in) . An alkaloid from Lan- 
 tana braziliensis . It is a white, bitter pow- 
 der, used as an antipyretic instead of quinin 
 in intermittent fever. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 
 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Lantermann's Incisions. Partial or complete 
 interruptions of the medullary sheath of a 
 nerve-fiber existing at irregular intervals in 
 an interannular segment. L.'s Segments, 
 the cylindric or conic segments of the medul- 
 lary sheath between Lantermann's incisions. 
 
 Lanugo {lan-u'-go) [L./'down"]. 1. The down- 
 like hair that appears upon the fetus at about 
 the fifth month of gestation. 2. The downy 
 growth often seen upon the face of women 
 and girls. 
 
 Lanulous {lan'-u-lus) . Covered with short hair. 
 
 Lanum {la'-num). See Lanolin. 
 
 Lapactic {lap-ak' -tik) [Xaizaooscv, to empty]. 
 Emptying; purgative. 
 
 Laparo- {lap-ar-o-) [Xarcapa, loin]. A prefix de- 
 noting pertaining to the abdomen; properly, 
 referring to the loin or flank. See Celiotomy. 
 
 Laparocolostomy {lap-ar-o-ko-los'-to-me) [lapa- 
 ro-; koXov, colon; ozb/ia, mouth; zofXTj, a cutting]. 
 Abdominal colostomy: the formation of a 
 permanent opening into the colon by inci- 
 sion through the abdominal wall. 
 
 Laparocolotomy {lap-ar-o-ko-lot' -o-me) [laparo-; 
 koXov, colon; rofiTj, a cutting]. Inguinal or 
 abdominal colotomy. 
 
 Laparocystectomy {lap -ar-o- sis-tek'-to -me) 
 [laparo-; K'boxcg, cyst; inzojir], excision]. An 
 operation performed in advanced extra- 
 uterine pregnancy for removal of the fetus 
 and the entire gestation-sac. 
 
 Laparo cystotomy {lap -ar-o-sis-tot' -o-me) [lapa- 
 ro-; K'joxcg, cyst; Topuf), a cutting]. 1 . Suprapubic 
 cystotomy. 2. An operation in advanced 
 extrauterine pregnancy for the removal of the 
 fetus, the sac being allowed to remain. 
 
 Laparo cysto variohysterotomy {lap -a r-o-sist - 
 o-va-re-o-his-ter-ot' -o-me) . Combined ovario- 
 tomy and hysterotomy through an abdom- 
 inal incision. 
 
 Laparoelytrotomy {lap -ar-o -el- it - rot' -o-me) 
 [laparo-; 'iXorpov, sheath; zofirj, a cutting]. An 
 operation consisting in an incision over Pou- 
 part's ligament, dissecting up the peritoneum 
 until the vagina is reached, incising the latter 
 transversely, dilating the cervix, and extract- 
 ing the child through the os uteri. 
 
 Laparoenterostomy {lap-ar-o-en-ter-os' -to-me) 
 [laparo-; Ivxepov, intestine; or6p.a, mouth]. 
 The formation of an artificial opening into 
 the intestine through the abdominal wall. 
 
 Laparoenterotomy {lap -ar-o -en- ter - of - o-me) 
 [laparo-; 'ivrepov, intestine; rop.rj, a cutting]. 
 An opening of the intestine through an ab- 
 dominal incision. 
 
 Laparogastrostomy {lap-ar-o-gas-tros' -to-me) 
 [laparo-; -raorrjp, stomach; ozdjia, mouth]. 
 The formation of a permanent gastric fistula 
 through the abdominal wall. 
 
 Laparogastrotomy {lap -ar-o- gas - trot' -0- me) 
 [laparo-; yaaxrjp, stomach; xojJ.rj, a cutting]. 
 The opening of the stomach through an ab- 
 dominal incision. 
 
 Laparohepatomy {lap-ar-o-hep-at'-o-me) [lap- 
 aro-; rpiap, liver; xop.rj, a cutting]. Incision 
 of the liver through the abdominal wall. 
 
 Laparohysterectomy {lap-ar-o-his-ter-ek' -to- 
 me) [laparo-; boxkpa, womb; ifcxofirj, sl cutting 
 out]. The removal of the uterus through an 
 incision in the abdominal walls. 
 
 Laparohysterooophorectomy {lap -ar-o- his - 
 ter-o-o-of-or-ek' -to-me) [laparo-; boxkpa, womb; 
 cbo<f)6poc, ovary; iKxofirj, a cutting out]. Re- 
 moval of the uterus and ovaries through 
 an incision in the abdominal wall. 
 
 Laparohysteropexy {lap-ar-o-his'-ter-o-peks-e) 
 [laparo-; boxkpa, womb; Ti^cg, a fixing in]. 
 Ventrofixation. 
 
 Laparohysterosalpingooophorectomy {lap- 
 ar -o -his- ter -o- sal- pin- go -o-of-or-ek' -to-me) 
 [laparo-; boxkpa, womb; oahzcy^, tube; d>ocf>6- 
 poc, ovary; ifcxop.r), a cutting out]. Excision 
 of the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries by the 
 abdominal route. 
 
 Laparohysterotomy {lap-ar-o-his-ter-of -o-me) 
 
LAPAROILEOTOMY 
 
 549 
 
 LARYNGISMUS 
 
 [laparo-; uo-kpa, uterus; tout], a cutting]. The 
 operation of cutting into the uterus through 
 an abdominal incision, as for the purpose of 
 removing a fetus. 
 
 Laparoileotomy (lap-ar-o-il-e-of '-o-me) [laparo-; 
 ileum; ro/j.r), a cutting]. The operation of 
 cutting into the ileum through an abdominal 
 incision. 
 
 Laparonephrectomy (lap-ar-o-nef-rek'-to-me) 
 [laparo-; Vc(f>p6c, kidney; inTop.r), a cutting 
 out]. Nephrectomy by an abdominal inci- 
 sion. 
 
 Laparorrhaphy (lap-ar-or'-af-e) [laparo-; pac}>r), 
 suture]. Suture of the abdominal wall. 
 
 Laparosalpingectomy (lap-ar-o sal-pin-jek'- 
 to-me) [laparo-; oaX-cyq, tube; EK.zop.r), a cut- 
 ting out]. Removal of a fallopian tube 
 through an abdominal incision. 
 
 Laparosalpingooophorectomy (lap-ar-o-sal- 
 ping-o-o-of-o-rek'-to-me). The removal of the 
 ovaries and oviducts by an incision through 
 the abdomen. 
 
 Laparosalpingotomy (lap-ar-o-sal-pin-got'-o- 
 me) [laparo-; aalrufq, tube; ~o/xf) } a cutting]. 
 i. Cutting into an oviduct through an ab- 
 dominal incision. 2. Laparosalpingectomy. 
 
 Laparoscopy (lap-ar-os' '-ko-pe) [laparo-; gko-s'cv, 
 to examine]. Examination of the abdomen 
 by instrumental means. 
 
 Laparosplenectomy (lap-ar-o-splen-ek'-to-me) 
 [laparo-; ar.Xr)v, spleen; Iktoutj, a cutting out]. 
 Removal of the spleen through an abdominal 
 incision. 
 
 Laparosplenotomy (lap -ar-o- splen -ot'-o- me) 
 [laparo-; o-Xtjv, spleen; zo/jlt), a cutting]. Sur- 
 gical entrance upon the spleen through the 
 abdominal walls. 
 
 Laparotomist (lap-ar-of -o-mist) [see Laparot- 
 omy]. A surgeon who performs laparotomies. 
 
 Laparotomize (lap-ar-of -om-iz). To make an 
 incision in the abdominal wall to perform 
 laparotomy. 
 
 Laparotomy (lap-ar-of -o-me) [laparo-; rofif), a 
 cutting]. 1. An incision through the abdom- 
 inal wall; celiotomy is the preferable term. 
 2. The operation of cutting into the abdom- 
 inal cavity through the loin or flank. 
 
 Laparouterotomy (lap-ar-o-u-ter-oV '-o-me) . In- 
 cision of the uterus through the abdomen; 
 laparohysterotomy. 
 
 Lapathin (lap'-ath-in) [Lapathum, the genus 
 Rumex]. Chrysophanic acid. 
 
 Lapilliform (lap-il'-i-form) [lapillus, a little 
 stone; forma, form]. Presenting the appear- 
 ance of little stones. 
 
 Lapis (la' -pis) [L.]. A stone; an alchemic 
 term applied to any nonvolatile substance. 
 L. divinus, aluminated copper. L. impe- 
 rialis, L. lunaris, silver nitrate. L. lazuli, 
 a beautiful blue stone of complex composi- 
 tion, formerly employed as a purgative and 
 emetic and in epilepsy. L. mitigatus, di- 
 luted silver nitrate. 
 
 Lappa (lap'-ah) [L.]. The root of the com- 
 mon burdock, Arctium lappa, containing a 
 bitter principle, a resin, and tannin. It is 
 aperient, diuretic, and alterative, and has 
 
 been employed in gout, scorbutus, syphilis, 
 and various skin diseases. The dose of the 
 root is 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc); in infusion or 
 tincture 10 min.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Cc). L., 
 Fluidextract of (fluidextr actum lappa,, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Laquear (lak'-we-ar) [L., "a fretted ceiling"; 
 pi., laquearia]. L. vaginae, the vaginal vault. 
 
 Laqueus (lak' -ive-us) [L., "a noose"]. 1. A 
 noose-shaped bandage. 2. See Fillet (2). 
 
 Larch. See Larix. 
 
 Lard [lardum, lard]. The fat of the interior of 
 the abdominal cavity of the hog, constituting 
 adeps(XJ. S. P.). Lard is much used in phar- 
 macy as a basis for ointments. See Adeps. 
 
 Lardacein (lar-da' -se-in) [lard]. An amyloid 
 substance, formed in amyloid degeneration 
 of various organs, particularly the liver, kid- 
 ney, and spleen. It is a proteid, but insolu- 
 ble in the ordinary solvents, is not acted upon 
 by the gastric juice, does not readily undergo 
 putrefaction, and gives a mahogany-brown 
 color with iodin and a blue color with iodin 
 and sulfuric acid. 
 
 Lardaceous (lar-da'-se-us) [lard]. Amyloid. 
 L. Kidney. See Bright' s Disease. 
 
 Lardeous, Lardiform (lar'-de-us, -form) [lard; 
 forma, form]. Having a fatty appearance. 
 
 Lardum, Laridum (lard'-um, lar'-id-um) [L.]. 
 Lard. 
 
 Largin (lar'-jin). Silver protalbin, a compound 
 containing 11% of silver. It is a grayish- 
 white powder, readily soluble in water and 
 glycerol. It is a bactericide, used in gastric 
 ulcers and gonorrhea. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.33- 
 0.5 Gm.) in pill; in gonorrhea a 0.25 to 1.5% 
 solution is employed. 
 
 Larix (lar'-iks) [L.]. Larch. A genus of conif- 
 erous, deciduous trees. The cortex (laricis 
 cortex, B. P.) is astringent and stimulant, 
 and has been used in purpura, hemoptysis, 
 bronchitis, and locally in skin diseases. Dose 
 of the tincture 20—30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). 
 Unof. 
 
 Larkspur (lark' -spur). The plant Delphinium 
 consolida, the seeds of which are diuretic and 
 emmenagog. Dose of the fluidextract 1-10 
 min. (0.065-0.65 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Larrey's Amputation. Double-flap amputa- 
 tion at the shoulder-joint or hip-joint. L.'s 
 Spaces, spaces between the parts of the dia- 
 phragm attached to the sternum and those 
 that are attached to the ribs. 
 
 Larvicide (Jar' -vis-id) [larva; ccedere, to kill]. 
 Any agent destroying insect larva. 
 
 Laryngeal (lar-in'-je-al) [larynx]. Pertaining 
 to the larynx. L. Crisis, an acute laryngeal 
 spasm occurring in the course of tabes dor- 
 salis. L. Edema, edema caused by infiltration 
 of a fluid or semifluid into the submucous 
 connective tissue of the larynx. L. Mirror, 
 a small circular mirror affixed to a long 
 handle, used in laryngoscopy. 
 
 Laryngectomy (lar-in-jek'-to-me) [larynx; h- 
 roixr), a cutting out]. Extirpation of the larynx. 
 
 Laryngismus (lar-in-jiz'-mus) [larynx]. A 
 spasm of the larynx. L. stridulus, a spas- 
 
LARYNGITIS 
 
 550 
 
 LARYNX 
 
 modic affection of the larynx, characterized 
 by sudden arrest of respiration, with increas- 
 ing cyanosis, followed by long, loud, crowing 
 inspirations. It is most common in rachitic 
 children, but may also occur as a symptom 
 of laryngeal catarrh. 
 
 Laryngitis {lar-in-ji' -tis) [larynx; ace, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the larynx. It 
 may be acute or chronic, catarrhal, suppura- 
 tive, croupous (diphtheric), tuberculous, or 
 syphilitic. Chronic catarrhal laryngitis is 
 divided into a hypertrophic and an atrophic 
 stage. The symptoms of acute catarrhal 
 laryngitis, the most common form, are hoarse- 
 ness, pain, dryness of the throat, dysphagia, 
 and cough. L., Dry, a form characterized by 
 heat and fatigue in the throat, persistent cough, 
 and sometimes aphonia. Syn., Laryngitis 
 sicca. 
 
 Laryngo- (lar-in-go-) [larynx]. A prefix denot- 
 ing relation to the larynx. 
 
 Laryngo catarrh (lar-in-go-kat-ar'). Catarrh 
 of the larynx: 
 
 Laryngocele (lar-in' -go-seT) [laryngo-;' ktjXtj, a 
 tumor]. A saccular dilation of the mucosa of 
 the larynx between the hyoid bone and the 
 cricoid cartilage. 
 
 Laryngocentesis (lar-in-go-sen-te'-sis) [laryn- 
 
 ■ go-;KEVT7]occ, puncture]. Puncture of the larynx. 
 
 Laryngocrisis (lar-in-go-kri'-sis). The parox- 
 ysmal laryngeal cramp occurring in tabes 
 dorsalis. 
 
 Laryngofissure {lar-in-go- fish'-ur) [laryngo-; 
 findere, to cleave]. i. Division of the larynx 
 for the removal of tumors or foreign bodies. 
 2. The aperture made in the operation of lar- 
 yngofissure. 
 
 Laryngology (lar-in-gol' -o-je) [laryngo-; Xbyoc, 
 science]. The science of the anatomy, 
 physiology, and diseases of the larynx. 
 
 Laryngoparalysis (lar -in- go-par -al' -is-is) [lar- 
 yngo-; napaXuocc, palsy]. Paralysis of the 
 laryngeal muscles. 
 
 Laryngopathy (lar-in-go p'-ath-e) [laryngo-; 
 nadoc, suffering]. Any disease of the larynx. 
 
 Laryngophantom (lar -in-go-)an' -torn) [laryngo-; 
 (fravTaojjia, an apparition]. An artificial larynx 
 designed for illustrative purposes. 
 
 Laryngopharyngeal (lar-in-go-far-in'-je-al) . 
 Pertaining conjointly to the larynx and 
 pharynx. 
 
 Laryngopharynx (lar-in-go- far' -inks) [laryngo-; 
 <f>apuf£, pharynx]. The inferior portion of the 
 pharynx. It extends from the greater cornua 
 of the hyoid bone to the inferior border of the 
 cricoid cartilage. 
 
 Laryngophony (lar - in - go]' -o-ne) [laryngo-; 
 <}hdv7), voice]. The sound of the voice ob- 
 served in auscultation of the larynx. 
 
 Laryngophthisis (lar-in-go-ti'-sis) [laryngo-; 
 (fd'cacc, wasting]. Laryngeal tuberculosis. 
 
 Laryngoplasty (lar-in' ' -go-plas-te) [laryngo-; 
 nXaooecv, to shape]. Plastic operation upon 
 the larynx. 
 
 Laryngoplegia (lar-in-go-ple'-je-ah) [laryngo-; 
 iibjX'f], stroke]. Paralysis of one or more 
 muscles of the larynx. 
 
 Laryngorhinology (lar-in-go-ri-nol'-o-je) . Com- 
 bined laryngology and rhinology. 
 
 Laryngoscleroma (lar-in-go-skle-ro'-mah) [lar- 
 yngo-; OKXrjptopia, an induration]. Scleroma 
 affecting the larynx. 
 
 Laryngoscope (lar-in'- go -skop) [laryngo-; 
 OKonelv, to examine]. A mirror attached to a 
 long handle for examining the interior of the 
 larynx. 
 
 Laryngoscopist (lar-in-gos' -ko-pist) [see Laryn- 
 goscope]. An expert in laryngoscopy. 
 
 Laryngoscopy (lar-in-gos' -ko-pe) [see Laryn z 
 go scope]. Examination of the interior of the 
 larynx by means of the laryngoscope. 
 
 Laryngospasm (lar- in' - go - spazm) [laryngo-; 
 oizaop.6c, spasm]. Spasmodic closure of the 
 glottis. 
 
 Laryngo stenosis (lar-in-go-sten-o'-sis) [lar- 
 yngo-; orevojoic, contraction]. Contraction or 
 stricture of the larynx. 
 
 Laryngostroboscope (lar-in-go-stro'-bo-skop) 
 [laryngo-; orpofioc, a twisting; okotu-'cv, 
 to examine]. A laryngoscope combined with 
 an adjustable intermittent source of illu- 
 mination, used in the observation of the vocal 
 bands. 
 
 Laryngotomy (Jar-in-got' -o-me) [laryngo-; 
 zkpLvetv, to cut]. The operation of incising the 
 larynx. L., Complete, incision of the lar- 
 ynx through its whole length. L., Median, 
 incision of the larynx through the thyroid car- 
 tilage. L., Subhyoid, L., Superior, L., 
 Thyrohyoid, incision of the larynx through 
 the thyrohyoid membrane. 
 
 Laryngotracheal (lar-in-go-tra'-ke-al) [laryngo-; 
 rpa^e'ca, the windpipe]. Pertaining conjointly 
 to the larynx and the trachea. 
 
 Laryngotracheitis (lar-in-go-tra-ke-i'-tis) [lar- 
 yngo-; trachea; exec, inflammation]. Inflam- 
 mation of the larynx and the trachea. 
 
 Laryngotracheotomy (lar-in-go-tra-ke-ot'- 
 
 o-me) [laryngo-; trachea; ropirj, a cutting]. 
 That form of tracheotomy in which the cricoid 
 cartilage and one or more of the upper rings 
 of the trachea are divided. 
 
 Laryngotyphoid, Laryngotyphus (lar-in-go- 
 ti'-foid, lar-in-go-ti' -fus) [laryngo-; typhoid]. 
 Typhoid fever associated with marked laryn- 
 geal complications. 
 
 Laryngoxerosis (lar-in-go-zer-o'-sis) [laryngo-; 
 xerosis]. Dryness of the larynx. 
 
 Laryngy drops (lar-in' -jid-r ops) [laryngo-; 
 udpco(/j, dropsy]. Laryngeal edema. 
 
 Larynx (lar' -inks) [Xapuy^, larynx]. The organ 
 of the voice, situated between the trachea 
 and the base of the tongue. It consists of 
 a series of cartilages — the thyroid, the cricoid, 
 and the epiglottis — and three pairs of car- 
 tilages — the arytenoids and those of Santo- 
 rini and of Wrisberg — which are lined by mu- 
 cous membrane and are moved by the muscles 
 of the larynx. The mucous membrane is, 
 on each side, thrown into two transverse folds 
 that constitute the vocal bands, the upper 
 being the false, the lower the true, vocal band. 
 By the approximation or separation of the 
 vocal bands the changes in the pitch of the 
 
LASEGUE'S LAW 
 
 551 
 
 LATERAL 
 
 voice are produced. The space between the 
 vocal bands is termed the glottis. 
 
 Posterior View of the Larynx, with the Muscles 
 Removed. — (Holden.) 
 
 W. Epiglottis cushion. L. ar.-ep. Arytenoepiglottic fold 
 or ligament. M. m. Membrana mucosae. C. W. Car- 
 tilage of Wrisberg, or cuneiform cartilage. C. S. Car- 
 tilage of Santorini, or cornicula laryngis. C. aryt. 
 Arytenoid cartilage. C. c. Cricoid cartilage. P. _ m. 
 Muscular process or external angle. L. cr.-ar. Crico- 
 arytenoid ligament. C. s. Superior cornu. C. i. 
 Inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. L. ce.-cr. 
 p. i. Posterior inferior keratocricoid ligament. C. 
 tr. Tracheal cartilage. P. m. tr. Membranous por- 
 tion of the trachea. 
 
 Lasegue's Law. Superficial lesions or simple 
 functional troubles of an organ increase the 
 reflexes, while more or less pronounced 
 organic lesions suppress them. L.'s Sign, 
 i. Incapacity of the anesthetic hysteric indi- 
 vidual to move the extremity which he is pre- 
 vented from seeing. 2. To differentiate sci- 
 atica from hip-joint disease: in the case of the 
 former, flexion of the thigh upon the hip is 
 painless or easily accomplished when the knee 
 is bent. L.'s Type of Mania of Persecu- 
 tion, typical paranoia. 
 
 Lash [LG., lasche, a flap]. An eyelash. 
 
 Lassar's Paste. A paste used in the treat- 
 ment of erythema intertrigo, consisting of 
 salicylic acid, 30 gr.; zinc oxid and powdered 
 starch, each, 6 dr.; vaselin, 2 oz. 
 
 Lata, Latah (la'-tah) [Jav.]. A hysteric neu- 
 rosis prevalent in Java, and nearly identical 
 with the disorder of the jumpers in Maine and 
 Canada, and with the miryachit of Siberia. 
 
 Latent {la' -tent) [latere, to be hid]. Con- 
 cealed; not manifest; potential. L. Heat, 
 that which apparently disappears when a 
 
 liquid is vaporized or a solid melted. L. 
 Period. 1. The time required for the incu- 
 bation of a disease. 2. In physiology, the 
 time intervening between the application of 
 a stimulus and the appearance of the result- 
 ing phenomenon. 
 
 Laterad {lat'-er-ad) [latus, the side; a d, toward]. 
 Toward the lateral aspect. , 
 
 Lateral (lat'-er-al) [latus]. At, belonging 
 to, or pertaining to the side; situated on 
 either side of the median vertical plane. 
 L. Chain. See Receptor. L. -chain Theory 
 of Ehrlich, this theory presupposes that 
 the stimulating substances introduced into the 
 
 M.st. th. 
 
 Larynx, Front View, with the Ligaments and Inser- 
 tion of Muscles. — (Holden.) 
 
 O. h. Oshyoides. C. th. Thyroid cartilage. Corp. trit. 
 Corpus triticeum. C. c. Cricoid cartilage. C. tr. 
 Tracheal cartilage. Lig. thyr.-hyoid med. Middle 
 thyrohyoid ligament. Lig. th.-h. lat. Lateral thyro- 
 hyoid ligament. Lig. cric.-thyr. med. Middle crico- 
 thyroid ligament. Lig. cric.-trach. Cricotracheal liga- 
 ment. M . st.-h. Sternohyoid muscle. M. th.-hyoid. 
 Thyrohyoid muscle. Af . st.-th. Sternothyroid mus- 
 cle. M. cr.-th. Cricothyroid muscle. 
 
 circulation have the power of combining with 
 certain groups of molecules in the protoplasrn 
 of certain cells, which combination is suc- 
 ceeded by a regeneration of the lateral chains. 
 When more of the combining substance is 
 injected and the combining lateral chains 
 again consumed, another still more copious 
 regeneration occurs, and so on until the par- 
 ticular lateral chains are present in great 
 excess and pass out of the cells into the blood, 
 where they are known as antitoxin. See Im- 
 munity, Theory of, Ehrlich' s Side-chain. L. 
 Column, that column of the spinal cord 
 between the anterior and posterior horns. 
 
LATERICEOUS 
 
 552 
 
 LAW 
 
 L. Operation, that form of lithotomy in 
 which the opening is made on the right or 
 the left side of the perineum. L. Sclerosis, 
 Amyotrophic, a disease of the lateral columns 
 and anterior gray matter of the cord. It is 
 characterized by motor weakness and a 
 spastic condition of the limbs, associated with 
 atrophy of the muscles and final involvement 
 of the nuclei in the medulla oblongata. L. 
 Sclerosis, Primary, a sclerotic disease of the 
 crossed pyramidal tracts of the cord, char- 
 acterized by paralysis of the limbs, with 
 rigidity, increased tendon-reflexes, and ab- 
 sence of sensory and nutritive disorders. A 
 peculiar characteristic jerking gait is pro- 
 duced, and clonus of the lower limbs may be 
 readily excited. L. Sinuses, the two veins of 
 the dura mater situated in the attached margin 
 of the tentorium cerebelli. L. Ventricles. 
 See Ventricles, Lateral. 
 Lalfcriceous, Lateritious {lat-er-ish'-us) [later, 
 a brick]. Resembling brick-dust, as the 
 latericeous sediment of the urine. 
 Latero- [latus, side]. A prefix signifying to one 
 
 side; lateral. 
 Lateroabdominal {lat-er-o-ab-dom'-in-al) [lat- 
 ero-; abdominalis, pertaining to the abdomen]. 
 Pertaining both to the side and to the abdo- 
 men. L. Posture, Sims' posture. 
 Laterodeviation {lat-er-o-de-ve-a' -shun) [latero-; 
 deviare, to deviate]. Slight displacement or 
 deviation to one side. 
 Lateroflexion {lat-er-o-flek'-shun) [latero-; flec- 
 tere, to bend]. Flexion or bending to one side. 
 Lateroposition {lat-er-o-po-zish' -un) [latero-; 
 ponere, to place]. Displacement to one side. 
 Lateropulsion {lat-er-o-puV -shun) [latero-; pel- 
 lere, to drive]. An involuntary motion to one 
 side. 
 Laterotorsion ilat-er-o-tor' -shun) [latero-; tor- 
 
 quere, to turn]. A twisting to one side. 
 Lateroversion (lat-er-o-ver '-shun) [latero-; ver- 
 tere, to turn]. A turning to one side, as 
 lateroversion of the uterus. 
 Lathyrism (lath'-ir-izm) [Xadupog, a kind of 
 pulse]. An affection produced by the use 
 of meal from varieties of vetches, chiefly 
 Lathyrus sativus and L. cicera. It is a form 
 of spastic paraplegia with tremor, involving 
 chiefly the legs. Syn., Lupinosis. 
 Latissimus (lat-is' -im-us) [superl. of latus, wide]. 
 An adjective signifying widest. L. colli. See 
 under Muscle. L. dorsi. See under Muscle. 
 Laudable {law'-da-bl) [laudare, praise]. Praise- 
 worthy. L. Pus. See Pus, Laudable. 
 fiaudanin {lawd'-an-in) [laudanum], C 20 H 2s NO 4 . 
 
 One of the alkaloids of opium. 
 Laudanum (lawd' '-an-um) [Pers. ,ladan, a shrub]. 
 •Tincture of opium. L., Sydenham's, wine 
 of opium. 
 Laughing, Laughter (lahf'-ing, lahf'-ter) [AS., 
 hlehhan, to laugh]. A succession of rhythmic, 
 spasmodic expirations with open glottis and 
 vibration of the vocal bands, and expressing 
 mirth. L.-gas, nitrous oxid or nitrogen pro- 
 toxid. See Nitrous Oxid under Anesthetic, 
 General. 
 
 Laugier's Hernia. Femoral hernia through a 
 gap in Gimbernat's ligament. 
 
 Laumonier's Ganglion. The carotid gan- 
 glion. 
 
 Laura's Nucleus. See Deiters' Nucleus. 
 
 Laurel {law'-rel). See Cherry-laurel and Laurus. 
 L.-water, a medicinal water distilled from 
 leaves of the cherry-laurel. See Cherry-laurel. 
 
 Laureol {law'-re-ol). The proprietary name -for 
 a mixture of cocoanut-oil and palm-oil. 
 
 Laurocerasus {law-ro-ser' -as-us). See Cherry- 
 laurel. 
 
 Laurotetanin {law-ro-tef -an-in) , C 19 H 23 NO s . 
 An alkaloid from the bark of Litsea citrata 
 and a number of other plants of the order 
 Laurinece. It is said to be a powerful poison, 
 acting like strychnin on the spinal cord. 
 
 Laurus {law' -r us) [L.]. A tree of the Laurinece. 
 L. nobilis, the true laurel, is indigenous in 
 the south of Europe. Its fragrant oils (one 
 essential, from the leaves, and the other fixed, 
 from the berries) are chiefly used in liniments. 
 Unof. 
 
 Lauth's Canal. See Canal of Schlemm. 
 
 Lautissimus {law-tis' -im-us) [lautus, washed]. 
 Most thoroughly purified or rectified. 
 
 Lavage {lav-ahzh) [Ft.]. The irrigation or 
 washing out of an organ, such as the stomach, 
 the bowel, etc. L. of the Blood, washing 
 toxic products from the blood-stream by in- 
 travenous injection of artificial serum in large 
 doses. 
 
 Lavation (lav-a'-shun) [lavare, to wash]. Lav- 
 age. 
 
 Lavender (lav'-en-der) [lavanda, a washing]. 
 The flowers of Lavandula vera, a plant of 
 the order Labia tee. The active principle is 
 a volatile oil. L. Flowers, Oil of {oleum lav- 
 andulce florum, U. S. P.), used in the prepara- 
 tion of the spirit. L., Spirit of {spiritus 
 lavandulce,V.S.Y.). Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 
 Cc). L., Tincture of, Compound {tinctura 
 lavandulce composita, U. S. P.). Dose 30 
 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). Both the spirit and 
 tincture are stimulant and carminative. 
 
 Laveran's Crescent. The sickle-shaped Plas- 
 modium found in the estivoautumnal form of 
 intermittent fever. L.'s Plasmodium. See 
 Plasmodium malarice. 
 
 Law {law) [AS., lagu, a law]. A general rule; 
 a constant mode of action of forces or phe- 
 nomena. A rule of action prescribed by au- 
 thority. L., Aran's. See Aran's Law. 
 L., Bastian's, L., v. Bruns', when there 
 exists a complete transverse lesion of the spi- 
 nal cord above the lumbar enlargement, the 
 tendon-reflexes of the lower extremities are 
 abolished. L., Behring's, the blood and 
 blood-serum of an individual who has been 
 artificially rendered immune against a certain 
 infectious disease may be transferred into 
 another individual with the effect of rendering 
 the latter also immune. L., Bell's. See 
 Bell's Law. L., Berthollet's, when two salts 
 in solution can, by double decomposition, 
 produce a salt less soluble than either, this 
 salt will be produced. L., Boyle's, at any 
 
LAW 
 
 553 
 
 LEAD 
 
 given temperature the volume of a given 
 mass of gas varies inversely as the pressure 
 that it bears. Syn., Mariotte's law. L., 
 Charles', equal increments of temperature 
 add equal amounts to the product of the 
 volume and pressure of a given mass of gas. 
 The increase is 273 °f i ts volume measured 
 at — 2 73 C, which is the zero of absolute 
 temperature. L., Dalton's. See Dalton's 
 Law. L. of Definite Proportions, when 
 two or more chemic substances unite to 
 form a compound, they do so in a fixed 
 and constant proportion. L., Edinger's. 
 See under Neuron. L., Fechner's, with 
 increase of the stimulus the sensation in- 
 creases onlv as the logarithm of the stimulus. 
 L., Flatau's, "law of the eccentric situation 
 of long tracts." The greater the length of 
 the fibers of the spinal cord, the nearer to 
 the periphery are they situated. L. , Freund's. 
 See under Freund. L., Gay-Lussac's. See 
 L., Charles'. L., Giraud-Teulon's, binocu- 
 lar retinal images are localized at the point 
 of intersection of the primary and secondary 
 axes of projection. L., Graham's, the rate 
 of diffusion of gases through porous mem- 
 branes is in inverse ratio to the square root 
 of their density. L., Gullstrand's, when the 
 corneal reflex from either of the eyes of the 
 patient, who is made to turn the head while 
 fixing some distant object, moves in the 
 direction in which the head is turning, it 
 moves toward the weaker muscle. L., 
 Gull-Toynbee's. See Gull-Toynbee's Law. 
 L., Henry's. See Dalton's Law. L., Hil- 
 ton's, a nerve-trunk supplying a given joint 
 also supplies the muscles moving that joint 
 and the skin over the insertion of those mus- 
 cles. L., Kahler's. See Kahler's Law. L., 
 Lasegue's. See Lasegue's Law. L., Leo- 
 pold's, insertion of the placenta into the 
 posterior uterine wall pushes the fallopian 
 tubes forward, so that they assume a con- 
 vergent direction on the anterior wall; in- 
 sertion into the anterior wall causes them to 
 turn backward and parallel to the longitudinal 
 axis of the recumbent woman. L., Listing's. 
 See Listing's Law. L., Magendie's. See 
 Bell's Law. L., Mariotte's. See L., Boyle's. 
 L., Meyer's. See Meyer's Law. L. of Mul- 
 tiple Proportions, two substances uniting to 
 form a series of chemic compounds do so 
 in proportions that are simple multiples of 
 one another or of one common proportion. 
 L., Murphy's. See under Jaundice. L., 
 Ohm's, the current-strength varies directly 
 as the electromotive force, and inversely as the 
 resistance. L., Profeta's, a child born of 
 syphilitic parents, though apparently free 
 from syphilis, cannot be infected. L. of 
 Reciprocal Proportions, two elements com- 
 bining with a third do so in proportions that 
 are simple multiples or simple fractions of 
 those in which they combine with each other. 
 L. of Refraction, rays of light entering a 
 denser medium are deflected toward a per- 
 pendicular drawn through the point of inci- 
 
 dence, and those entering a rarer medium 
 are deflected away from the same perpen- 
 dicular. L., Ritter-Valli's. See Ritter-V al- 
 ii' s Law. L., Weber's, the variation of stim- 
 ulus that causes the smallest appreciable 
 variation in sensation maintains, approxi- 
 mately, a fixed ratio to the total stimulus. 
 
 Laxative (laks' -a-tiv) [laxare, to loosen]. 1. 
 Aperient; mildly cathartic. 2. An agent that 
 loosens the bowels; a mild purgative. 
 
 Laxator {laks-a'-tor) [laxare]. That which 
 loosens or relaxes. A name applied to various 
 muscles. L. tympani See under Muscle. 
 
 Laxol (laks'-ol). Castor-oil Combined with 
 saccharin and oil of peppermint. 
 
 Layer (la'-er) [ME., leyer]. A mass of uni- 
 form, or nearly uniform, thickness, spread 
 over a considerable area. L., Bacillar, L., 
 Bacillary, the layer of rods and cones 
 of the retina. L., Cellular, the endothe- 
 lial layer of the blood-vessels and lymph- 
 vessels, composed of flattened nucleated cells. 
 L., Cortical, the cerebral cortex. L., Cu- 
 ticular, a striated, hyaline, refractive layer 
 at the free end of a columnar cell. L., Gang- 
 lionic, a layer of angular cells of the cerebral 
 cortex, best developed in the motor area. 
 L., Horny, the superficial layer of the skin. 
 L., Large Pyramid-cell, the third layer of 
 the cerebral cortex, composed of pyramidal 
 cells larger than those of the small pyramid- 
 cell layer, increasing in size from above down- , 
 ward and attaining a diameter of 40 fi. L., 
 Molecular, the outermost layer of the cer- 
 ebral cortex, made up of neuroglia, a few small 
 ganglion-cells, and a reticulum of medullated 
 and nonmedullated nerve-fibers. L., Oopho- 
 rous, the outer portion of the ovary, in which 
 the ovules are formed. L., Osteoblastic, L., 
 Osteogenetic, the lower layer of periosteum, 
 connected with the formation of bone. L. of 
 Rods and Cones. See L., Bacillar. L., Se- 
 rous, the inner layer of the pericardium. L., 
 Small Pyramid-cell, the second layer of the 
 cerebral cortex, made up of small pyramidal 
 cells, with a diameter of about 10 //. L., 
 Waldeyer's, the internal or vascular layer of 
 the ovary. 
 
 Layman (la'-man) [haoc, the people]. A mem- 
 ber of the laity; a person not a physician 
 or not professionally educated. 
 
 Lazaretto (laz-ar-ef -0) [Ital., "a pest-house," 
 from lazar, a leper]. A quarantine estab- 
 lishment; a pest-house; also, a place for 
 fumigation and disinfection. 
 
 Leaching (le'-ching). The process of causing 
 water or any fluid to percolate through some 
 substance. 
 
 Lead (led) [AS.]. See Plumbum. L., Black-, 
 graphite. L. -colic. See Colic, Lead-. L.- 
 encephalopathy, the cerebral manifestations 
 of chronic lead-poisoning. They consist of epi- 
 lepsy, acute delirium, and hallucinations, and 
 may terminate in insanity. L.-line, the line 
 of discoloration on the gums in cases of chronic 
 lead-poisoning. Syn., Blue line. L.-pipe 
 Contraction, the condition of the limbs in the 
 
LEADER 
 
 554 
 
 LEMONADE 
 
 cataleptic state, in which they maintain any po- 
 sition that is given them. L. -poisoning, a 
 form of poisoning due to the introduction of 
 lead into the system. The symptoms are dis- 
 turbed nutrition, anemia, a blue line on the 
 gums, lead-colic, constipation, pains in the 
 limbs, local muscular paralysis (wrist-drop) 
 and wasting, lead-encephalopathy, etc. Syn., 
 Plumbism; Saturnism. L., Test for, in Sys- 
 tem, paint a small area of the skin with a 6% 
 solution of sulfite. If lead is present, the 
 painted] area will darken after a few days. 
 [Cicconardi.] L., Test for, in the Urine, ad- 
 minister potassium iodid for four days, collect- 
 ing the urine. Evaporate to a pint (500 Cc.) 
 and filter. Pass hydrogen sulfid gas through 
 the urine thus concentrated, when a black pre- 
 cipitate will form if lead is present. [White.] 
 L., Test for, in Water. See Blythe. 
 
 Leader ile'-der) [AS., Icedere]. A sinew or ten- 
 don. 
 
 Leathery (leth'-er-e) [AS., lether]. Resembling 
 leather, as leathery arteries, arteries thickened 
 and feeling like cords of leather. 
 
 Lebbin's Test. See under Test. 
 
 Leber's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, Gierke's. 
 L.'s Disease, hereditary optic atrophy. L.'s 
 Plexus, a plexus of venules in front of 
 Schlemm's canal, with which it communi- 
 cates. 
 
 Lecat's Gulf. The dilated bulbous portion 
 of the urethra. 
 
 Lecithalbumins {les-ith-aV -bu-minz) . More 
 or less stable compounds of albumin and 
 lecithin, found in the mucosa of the stomach, 
 in the lungs, liver, kidney, and spleen, dif- 
 fering from nucleoproteids and nucleoalbu- 
 mins in that there is no metaphosphoric acid 
 split off and that they yield no xanthin bases. 
 
 Lecithin (les' -ith-in) [Xkacdoc, yolk of egg], 
 C^HqoNPOq. A complex nitrogenous fatty 
 substance, occurring widely spread throughout 
 the animal body. It is found in the blood, 
 bile, serous fluids, brain, nerves, yolk of egg, 
 semen, pus, and white blood-corpuscles. It 
 is a colorless, slightly crystalline substance, 
 soluble in alcohol, and chemically is looked 
 upon as the glycerophosphate of neurin, in 
 which two atoms of hydrogen are replaced 
 by two atoms of stearic, palmitic, or oleic 
 acid. It is used as a nutritive in tuberculosis. 
 Dose 1-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.). 
 
 Lecithoblast {les-ith' -o-blast) [lecithin; filaoxbc, 
 a germ]. One of the cells of the yolk- 
 cavity in the mammalian ovum. Syn., Leci- 
 thophore. 
 
 Lecithophore {les-ith'-o-}or). See Lecithoblast. 
 
 Leech {lech) [AS., lace, physician]. A blood- 
 sucking worm, the Sanguisuga or Hirudo 
 medicinalis, found in Europe, and the Hirudo 
 decora, the American leech. Leeches are 
 used for the' local abstraction of blood. A 
 European leech draws from |-i oz. (16-32 
 Cc.) of blood. L., Artificial, an apparatus 
 for cupping. 
 Lees (lez) [Ft., lie, dregs]. The dregs of vinous 
 liquors. 
 
 Leg [Icel., leggr]. The lower extremity, espe- 
 cially that part from the knee to the ankle. 
 L., Barbados, elephantiasis of the leg. L., 
 Bayonet, uncorrected backward displace- 
 ment of the knee-bones. L., Black-. See 
 Black-leg. L., Bow-, a curving outward of 
 the legs. L., Milk-, phlegmasia alba dolens. 
 Legal's Disease. Paroxysmal pains and ten- 
 derness of the scalp in the region supplied by 
 the auriculotemporal nerve, associated with 
 pharyngotympanic catarrh. Syn., Cephalal- 
 gia pharyngotympanica. L.'s Test for 
 Acetone in Urine, acidulate the urine with 
 hydrochloric acid and distil. To the distil- 
 late add a few drops each of sodium nitro- 
 prussid and solution of potassium hydroxid. 
 This produces a ruby-red color, which changes 
 to purple on the addition of acetic acid. 
 Creatinin gives a similar color, but it disap- 
 pears when acetic acid is added. 
 Le Gendre's Nodosities. See Bouchard's No- 
 dosities. 
 Legitimacy (le-jit'-im-as-e) 
 [legitimus, lawful]. 1. The 
 condition of being within 
 the bounds of the law. 2. 
 The state of a child born 
 within wedlock, or within 
 a period of time necessary 
 to gestation, which may 
 elapse after the death of 
 the father. 
 Legroux's Remissions. 
 Lengthy remissions which 
 sometimes occur in the 
 course of pulmonary tu- 
 berculosis. Syn., Treves 
 de Legroux. 
 Legumelin (leg-u f -mel-in) 
 [legumin]. An albumin 
 found in most leguminous 
 seeds. 
 Legumin {leg-u'-min) [legu- 
 men, pulse]. A proteid 
 found in the seeds of many plants belonging 
 to the natural order of Leguminosce. 
 Lehman's Sign. In the administration of 
 chloroform, to prognosticate as to a ready or 
 difficult anesthesia, if the eyelids closed by 
 the anesthetizer reopen at once, wholly or in 
 part, the anesthesia will be difficult. The 
 eyelids will remain closed from the beginning in 
 those who take chloroform well. 
 Leiodermia {li-o-der' -me-ah) . See Liodermia. 
 Leiomyoma {li-o-mi-o' -mah) . See Liomyoma. 
 Leipodermia (li-po-der' -me-ah) [Xz'ckecv, to 
 
 leave; dkpfia, skin]. Deficiency of the skin. 
 Leiter's Coil, L.'s Tubes. Tubes of soft, 
 flexible metal designed for application about 
 any part of the body. Cold water is passed 
 through the tubes, thereby reducing the tem- 
 perature of the parts incased. 
 Lembert's Suture. See Suture, LemberCs. 
 Lemniscus (lem-nis f -kus). See Fillet (2). 
 Lemon (lent' -on). See Limo. 
 Lemonade {lem-on-dd') [lemon]. An acidulous, 
 refrigerant drink made from the juice of the 
 
 %iffliTBW 
 
 Artificial Leech. 
 
LEMOSTENOSIS 
 
 555 
 
 LEPRA 
 
 lemon. L. , Sulf uric-acid, a solution of sugar 
 in water containing sulfuric acid. It is used in 
 lead manufactories to prevent lead-poisoning. 
 
 Lemostenosis {le-mo-ste-no' -sis) [Xatp.bc, gullet; 
 
 " azivioaec, stricture]. Constriction of the 
 pharynx or esophagus. 
 
 Lcnigallol ilen-e-gal'-oT). Pyrogallol triace- 
 tate; a white, nontoxic powder, soluble in 
 aqueous alkaline solutions. It is used in 
 psoriasis and eczema in 0.5 to 5% ointment; 
 it does not affect the healthy skin. 
 
 Lenirobin ilen-ir-o' -bin) . Chrysarobin tetrace- 
 tate. It is used in the treatment of skin 
 diseases. 
 
 Lenitive {len'-i-tiv) [lenitivus, soothing]. Em- 
 ollient or demulcent; laxative or aperient. 
 
 Lennesin (len f -es-in). A cholagog, said to be a 
 glucosid from a species of Conyza. 
 
 Lennhoff's Sign. In cases of echinococcus- 
 cyst on deep inspiration a furrow forms above 
 the tumor between it and the edge of the ribs. 
 
 Lens (lenz) [L., "a lentil"]. 1. A piece of glass 
 or crystal for the refraction of rays of light. 
 2. The crystalline lens of the eye. L., 
 Achromatic. See Achromatic Lens. L.,Apo- 
 chromatic. See Apochromatic Lens. L., Bi- 
 concave (negative or minus ( — ) lens), a thick- 
 edged lens having concave spheric surfaces 
 upon its opposite sides; it is used in spectacles 
 to correct myopia. L., Biconvex (positive 
 or plus ( + ) lens), a thin-edged lens; it has 
 two convex surfaces, and is used to correct 
 hyperopia. L., Bifocal. See Bifocal Lens. L., 
 Convergent, L., Converging, a double con- 
 vex or planoconvex lens that focuses rays of 
 light. L., Convexoconcave, a lens having 
 a convex and a concave surface, which would 
 not meet if continued. Its properties are 
 those of a convex lens of the same focal dis- 
 tance. L., Crystalline, the lens of the eye, 
 a biconvex transparent body lying in its cap- 
 sule immediately behind the pupil of the eye 
 and kept in place by its suspensory ligament. 
 It serves to refract the rays of b'ght entering 
 the pupil and impinging on its surface so as to 
 bring them to a focus upon the retina. L., 
 Cylindric (either minus or plus), one with a 
 plane surface in one axis and a concave or 
 convex surface in the axis at right angles to 
 the first. L., Dispersing, a concave lens. 
 L., Periscopic, one with concavoconvex or 
 convexoconcave surfaces, the opposite sides 
 being of different curvatures; such lenses 
 are called meniscus lenses. L., Spheric, one 
 the curved surface of which, either concave 
 or convex, is a segment of a sphere. L., 
 Stokes', a device for measuring astigmatism, 
 consisting of a plus and a minus cylindric lens 
 of equal refractive powers revolving upon each 
 other. 
 Lenticonus (len-tik-o' -nus) [lens; conus, a cone]. 
 A rare, usually congenital, anomaly of the lens 
 in which there is a conic prominence upon its 
 anterior or, more rarely, upon its posterior, 
 surface. 
 Lenticula (len-tik f -u-lah) [L., "a lentil"]. The 
 lenticular nucleus. 
 
 Lenticular {len-tik' -u-lar) [lenticula]. 1. Per- 
 taining to or resembling a lens. 2. Per- 
 taining to the crystalline lens. 3. Pertain- 
 ing to the lenticular nucleus of the brain. 
 4. Having the shape of a lentil; lentiform. 
 L. Nucleus, a mass of gray matter, the* 
 extraventricular portion of the corpus stria- 
 tum, situated to the outer side of the internal , 
 capsule of the brain. Syn., Lenticula. 
 Lenticulate (len-tik' -u-lat) [lens]. Lens-shaped; 
 
 lentil -shaped. 
 Lenticulooptic (len-tik-u-lo-op'-tik) [lenticula; 
 optic]. Relating to the lenticular nucleus and 
 the thalamus. 
 Lenticulostriate (len-tik-u-lo-stri' -at) [lenticula; 
 striatus, striated]. Pertaining to the lenticular 
 nucleus of the corpus striatum, as lenticulo- 
 striate artery. 
 Lenticulo thalamic (len-tik-u-lo-thaV-am-ik) . 
 
 See Lenticulooptic. 
 Lentiform (len'-tif-orm) [lens; forma, form]. 
 
 Lens-shaped or lentil-shaped. 
 Lentigo (len-ti'-go) [L., "a lentil-shaped spot"; 
 pi., lentigines]. A freckle; a circumscribed 
 patch of pigment, small in size, occurring 
 mainly on face and hands, and due to expo- 
 sure to the sun. L. aestiva, summer freckles. 
 Leo's Sugar. See Laiose. 
 Leontiasis {le-on-ti' -as-is) [Xicov, a lion]. A 
 lion-like appearance of the face, seen in lep- 
 rosy, elephantiasis, and leontiasis ossea. L. 
 ossea, L. ossium, an overgrowth of the 
 bones of the face, through which the features 
 acquire a lion-like appearance. Syn., Meg- 
 alocephaly. 
 Leontodin (le-on' '-to-din) [Xicov, a lion; ddoOc, 
 a tooth]. The precipitate from a tincture of 
 the root of dandelion, Leontodon taraxacum; 
 it is a tonic, diuretic, aperient, and hepatic 
 stimulant. Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.). 
 Unof. 
 Leontodon (le-on f -to-don). See Taraxacum. 
 Leopold's Law. .See Law; Leopold's. 
 Leper (lep'-er) [Xexpog, scaly]. One affected 
 
 with leprosy. 
 Lepidic (lep-id'-ik) [Xeiz'tc, a scale; a husk]. 
 Applied to the tissues of lining membranes 
 characterized by absence of definite stroma 
 between the individual cells. 
 Lepido- (lep-id-o-) [Xs-tc, a scale]. A prefix 
 
 signifying a scale or scaly. 
 Lepidosarcoma (lep-id-o-sar-ko'-mah). A sar- 
 coma covered with scales, occurring in the 
 mouth. 
 Lepidosis (lep-id-o' -sis). Same as Ichthyosis. 
 Also a synonym of Lepra and of Pityriasis. 
 Lepine (le'-pen). An antiseptic fluid said to 
 consist of mercuric chlorid, 0.00 1 Gm.; phenol 
 and salicylic acid, each, 0.1 Gm.; benzoic acid 
 and calcium chlorid, each, 0.05 Gm.; bromin, 
 0.01 Gm.; quinin hydrobromid, 0.2 Gm.; 
 chloroform, 0.2 Gm.; distilled water, 100 parts. 
 Lepothrix (lep'-o-thriks) [Xbtoc, a scale; dpc£, 
 a hair]. A condition in which the hairs of the 
 axillas or scrotum are incased in a sheath of 
 hardened sebaceous matter. 
 Lepra (lep'-rah) [Xinpa, leprosy]. 1. Leprosy. 
 
LEPRID 
 
 556 
 
 LEUKEMIA 
 
 2. A form of psoriasis. L. anaesthetica. See 
 Leprosy. L. maculosa, the stage of true lep- 
 rosy characterized by the presence of pigment- 
 spots. L, mutilans, the final stage of true 
 leprosy, in which there is a marked loss of tissue. 
 
 Leprid (lep'-rid). A skin-lesion of leprosy. 
 
 Leproma (lep-ro'-mah) [lepra]. The specific 
 lesion of tubercular leprosy. 
 
 Leprosis (lep-ro' -sis). Leprosy. 
 
 Leprosy (lep'-ro-se) [lepra]. An endemic, 
 chronic, infectious disease, due to Bacillus 
 lepra. Two forms of leprosy are described — 
 a tubercular and an anesthetic form. The 
 first begins with a well-defined erythema 
 (macular leprosy), which is succeeded by the 
 formation of papules, and later of nodules, 
 although in some cases the erythematous stage 
 is followed by a disappearance of the pigment 
 without nodulation (lepra alba). The nodules 
 eventually break down and ulcerate. The 
 anesthetic form begins with pains and hy- 
 peresthesia; a macular eruption appears, but 
 later subsides, leaving spots of anesthesia; 
 trophic lesions develop and lead to the loss of 
 the fingers or toes, with the production of 
 marked deformity. 
 
 Leptandra (lep-tan' '-drah) [Xetztoc, thin; dvrjp, 
 male]. A former genus of plants. The leptan- 
 dra of the U. S. P. is the rhizome and rootlets 
 of Veronica virginica. Its properties are 
 thought to be due to a glucosid, leptandrin. It 
 is tonic, laxative, and cholagog, and is used in 
 indigestion and chronic constipation. Syn., 
 Culver' s-root. L., Extract of (extr actum lep- 
 tandrce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 
 Gm.). L., Fluidextract 01 Qluidextr actum 
 leptandrce, U. S. P.). Dose 20 min.-i dr. 
 (1.3-4.0 Cc). 
 
 Lepto- (lep-to-) [Xsktoc, thin]. A prefix mean- 
 ing thin. 
 
 Leptocephalus (lep-to-sef '-al-us) [lepto-; KsfiaXrj, 
 head]. A monster with an abnormally small 
 head from premature union of the frontal and 
 sphenoid bones. 
 
 Leptomeningitis (lep-to-men-in-ji' '-lis) [lepto-; 
 ixfjvcy^, membrane; ncg, inflammation]. In- 
 flammation of the pia and arachnoid of the 
 brain or the spinal cord. 
 
 Leptorhine (lep'-tor-in) [lepto-; pec, nose]. Hav- 
 ing a slender nose or proboscis. 
 
 Leptothrix (lep'-to-thriks) [lepto-; dpi£, hair]. 
 A genus of bacteria, the elements of which 
 form straight filaments, often of great length. 
 See under Bacteria. 
 
 Leptus (lep'-tus) [Xstctoc, thin]. A genus of 
 beetles. L. autumnalis, a parasite that 
 . burrows under the skin, causing lesions simi- 
 lar to those of itch. Syn., Harvest-bug; 
 Mower's mite. 
 
 Leptystic (lep-tis' -tik) [Xsktuvscv, to make 
 thin]. Relating to or affected with emaciation. 
 
 Lesion (le r -zhun) [Icesio, an injury]. An in- 
 jury, wound, or morbid structural change. 
 L., Discharging, a brain lesion that causes 
 sudden discharge of nervous motor impulses. 
 L., Ebstein's, hyaline degeneration and 
 insular necrosis of the epithelial cells of the 
 
 renal tubules in diabetes. L., Focal, in the 
 nervous system, a circumscribed lesion giving 
 rise to distinctive and localizing symptoms. 
 L., Functional, L., Molecular, a very fine 
 lesion, not discernible by the microscope or 
 discoverable by chemistry, but causing loss 
 or excess of functional activity and attributed 
 to alteration of the molecular equilibrium 
 of that part. L., Initial, of Syphilis, the 
 chancre. L., Irritative, in the nervous sys- 
 tem, a lesion exciting the functions of the 
 part wherein it is situated. L., Peripheral, 
 a lesion of the nerve-trunks or of their ter- 
 minations. L., Primary, of the Skin, the 
 change in the skin occurring in the developing 
 stage of a skin disease. L,, Secondary. 
 1. In the skin, the change occurring in the 
 primary lesion, due to irritation or other 
 causes. It comprises erosions, ulcers, rha- 
 gades, squamas, cicatrices or scars, crusts, 
 and pigmentation. 2. One of the secondary 
 manifestations of syphilis. L., Structural, 
 one working a manifest change in tissue. 
 L., Toxic, a change in the tissues due to sep- 
 sis. L., Vascular, a lesion of a blood-vessel. 
 
 Lesser's Triangle. A triangular space bounded 
 above by the hypoglossal nerve, its sides 
 being formed by the bellies of the digastric. 
 
 Lesshaft's Space. A locus minoris resistentiae 
 existing in the region of the twelfth rib in 
 some individuals, which allows the pointing 
 of an abscess or the protrusion of a hernia. 
 It is bounded, in front, by the external ob- 
 lique; behind, by the latissimus dorsi; above, 
 by the serratus posticus inferior; and below, by 
 the internal oblique. Syn., Lesshajti rhombus. 
 
 Lethal (le'-thal) [lelum, death]. Deadly; per- 
 taining to or producing death. 
 
 Lethargy (leth'-ar-je) [XtjOtj, forgetfulness]. A 
 condition of drowsiness or stupor that cannot 
 be overcome by the will; also, a stage of hyp- 
 notism. L., African. See African Lethargy. 
 
 Lethin (le'-thin). The proprietary name for 
 an alcoholic solution of camphor, acetic acid, 
 ethereal oils, and chloroform. 
 
 Lettuce (let' -us). See Lactucarium. 
 
 Leucemia (lu-se'-me-ah). See Leukemia. 
 
 Leucic (lu'-sik). Relating to or derived from 
 leucin, as leucic acid. 
 
 Leucin (lu'-sin) [XeitKof, white], C 6 H 13 N0 2 . 
 A substance formed during pancreatic, diges- 
 tion, and also found in the urine, together 
 with tyrosin, in acute yellow atrophy of the 
 liver. Leucin crystallizes from the urine in 
 the form of yellowish-brown balls. See Hof- 
 meister, Scherer. 
 
 Leucinuria (lu-sin-u' -re-ah) [leucin; ohpov, 
 urine]. The occurrence of leucin in the urine. 
 
 Leucitis (lu-si'-tis). Same as Scleritis. 
 
 Leuco- (lu-ko-). For words beginning thus 
 see Leuko-. 
 
 Leudet's Bruit. A fine crackling sound in 
 the ear, audible to both the observer and the 
 patient, in catarrhal and nervous affections 
 of the ear. It is attributed to spasm of the 
 external peristaphylinus muscle. 
 
 Leukemia (lu-ke'-me-ah) [Xeunoc, white; al/xa, 
 
LEUKEMIC 
 
 557 
 
 LEUKODERMA 
 
 blood]. A disease of the blood and the blood- 
 making organs, characterized by a permanent 
 increase in the number of white blood-cor- 
 puscles and by enlargement of the spleen, 
 the lymphatic glands, and the marrow of 
 bone, together or separately. The etiology 
 is obscure; by some the disease is considered 
 to be infectious. L., Acute, a generally fatal 
 form, characterized by rapid development, 
 high temperature, great enlargement of the 
 spleen and lymphatics, and softening of the 
 bone-marrow. Leukaemia cutis, L. of the 
 Skin, a state of the skin characterized by 
 formation of lymphatic enlargements of its 
 deeper layers. Leukaemia lienalis, splenic 
 leukemia. L., Lienomedullary, L., Lieno- 
 myelogenous. See L., Spleno medullary. L., 
 Lymphatic, the most common form, char- 
 acterized by enlargement of the lymphatic 
 glands, with perhaps slight changes in the 
 spleen. L., Medullary, L., Myelogenous, 
 L., Osseous, L., Polymorphocyte, a form 
 in which the tissue of the bone-marrow is 
 principally affected and obliteration of many 
 of the small blood-vessels takes place. • Syn., 
 Myelemia. L., Pseudo-, L., Pseudosplenic. 
 See Pseudoleukemia. L., Splenic, that in 
 which the blood-changes are principally due 
 to disorders of the spleen. L., Splenomed- 
 ullary, the form characterized by excessive 
 enlargement of the spleen and proliferation 
 of the marrow of the bones without manifest 
 change in the lymphatic glands. 
 
 Leukemic (lu-kem'-ik or lu-ke'-mik) [leukemia]. 
 Pertaining to leukemia. 
 
 Leukethiopia [lu-ke-the-o' -pe-ah) [Xsukoc, white ; 
 Affl!o(/>, Ethiopian]. Albinism in an African. 
 
 Leuko- {lu-ko-) [XeuKoc , white]. A prefix mean- 
 ing white. 
 
 Leukoblast {lu' - ko -blast) [leuko-; [iiaoxoc, 
 a germ]. i. The germ of a leukocyte. 
 2. A cell in bone-marrow, of a type which 
 is believed to develop into a red blood-cor- 
 puscle. 
 
 Leukocidin {lu-ko' -sid-in) [leukocyte; ccedere, 
 to kill]. A poison destroying leukocytes, dis- 
 covered in exudates caused by infection with 
 Staphylococcus aureus. 
 
 Leukocyte {lu'-ko-sit) [leuko-; kuxoc, cell]. 
 The colorless or white corpuscle of the 
 blood. Leukocytes have ameboid move- 
 ment' and are formed in the lymphadenoid 
 tissue of the spleen, lymphatic glands, intes- 
 tinal tract, bone-marrow, etc., and probably 
 also in the lymph and blood. Their average 
 diameter is o.oi mm. (2-5V0 inch). In normal 
 blood several forms are distinguished: lym- 
 phocytes, large uninuclear leukocytes, transi- 
 tional forms, and multinuclear cells; accord- 
 ing to the granules contained in their proto- 
 plasm, three varieties are described — the 
 neutrophil, the eosinophil, and the basophil. 
 L.s, Ehrlich's Theory Concerning, all 
 varieties may be classed into two groups 
 having separate origins, functions, and rela- 
 tions. The first group would comprise all 
 lymphocytes, which are produced solely by 
 
 the lymphatic tissues; and the second, the 
 mononuclear leukocytes and transitional 
 forms, the polynuclear neutrophils, the 
 eosinophils, and the basophils, all of which 
 cells are produced exclusively by the marrow. 
 L., Polymorphonucleic, L., Polynuclear- 
 neutrophilic, one derived primarily from 
 lymphocytes and secondarily from a myelo- 
 cyte; originating in red bone-marrow, in the 
 lymph-glands, or spleen. L.s, Polymor- 
 phous, L.s, Polynuclear, cells in which the 
 nucleus is either lobed or made up of several 
 portions united by such delicate nuclear fila- 
 ments as to give the impression of a multinu- 
 cleated cell in distinction to mononuclear, eo- 
 sinophil, and neutrophil leukocytes and lymph- 
 ocytes. L., Uskow's Theory Concerning, 
 all leukocytes except the basophilic cells 
 are but different developmental stages of the 
 same cell. The youngest form of leukocyte, 
 the small lymphocyte, originates in the lymph- 
 glands, the lymphocytic bone-marrow, and 
 the spleen. 
 
 Leukocythemia {lu-ko-si-the' -me-ah) . See Leu- 
 kemia. * 
 
 Leukocytic {lu-ko-sif -ik) \leukocyte\ Relating 
 to or characterized by leukocytes. 
 
 Leukocytogenesis {lu-ko-si-to-jen' -es-is) [leu- 
 kocyte; yzvvav, to beget]. The formation of 
 leukocytes. 
 
 Leukocytolysin {lu-ko-si-tol' -is-in) [see Leuko- 
 cytolysis]. A cytolysin produced by inocula- 
 tion with leukocytes. 
 
 Leukocytolysis {lu-ko-si-tol' -is-is) [leukocyte; 
 Xbocc, solution]. The destruction of leuko- 
 cytes. 
 
 Leuko cytolytic {lu-ko-si-to-lit'-ik). Relating 
 to the destruction of leukocytes. 
 
 Leukocytoma {lu-ko-si-to' -mah) [leukocyte; b/aa, 
 tumor]. A tumor-like mass composed of 
 leukocytes, as the tubercle, the gumma, etc. 
 
 Leukocytometer {lu-ko -si-tom' -et-er) leuko- 
 cyte; fihpov, a measure]. A graduated capil- 
 lary tube used for counting leukocytes. 
 
 Leuko cytopenia ilu-ko-si-to-pe' -ne-ah) . See 
 Leukopenia. 
 
 Leuko cytoplania. See Leukoplakia. 
 
 Leukocytosis {lu-ko-si-to' -sis) [letikocyte]. An 
 increase in the number of colorless blood- 
 corpuscles in the blood. It is - physiologic 
 during digestion and pregnancy; pathologic 
 in certain anemias, especially leukemia, in 
 some of the infectious fevers, in cachexias, 
 and after hemorrhage. L., Inflammatory, 
 that in which the lymph is concentrated in 
 the cells while the blood is normal. L., Pure, 
 a leukocytosis in which the increase of white 
 cells affects the multinuclear form. 
 
 Leukocytotaxis {leu-ko-si-to-tak'-sis). See Leu- 
 ko taxis. 
 
 Leukocytozoa {lu-ko-si-to-zo'-ah) [leukocyte; 
 £tiov, animal]. Infusorian parasites of the 
 white blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Leukoderma {lu-ko-der' -mah) [leuko-; dipfia, 
 skin]. A condition of defective pigmenta- 
 tion of the skin, especially a congenital ab- 
 sence of pigment in patches or bands. 
 
LEUKOKERATOSIS 
 
 558 
 
 LEUKOTOXIC 
 
 Leukokeratosis {lu-ko-ker-at-o'-sis) . See Leu- 
 koplakia. 
 
 Leukolin {lu-ko' -lin) . See Quinolin. 
 
 Leukolysis {lu-kol'-is-is). See Leukocytolysis. 
 
 Leukoma (lu-ko'-mah) [AeuKcofxa, a white spot 
 in the eye], i. An opacity of the cornea the 
 result of an ulcer, wound, or inflammation, 
 and presenting an appearance of ground 
 glass. 2. The term has also been used for 
 albumin. See Leukoplakia. 
 
 Leukomain {lu-ko' -mah-in) [kuKcopta, a white- 
 ness]. The name applied to any one of the 
 nitrogenous bases or alkaloids normally de- 
 veloped by the metabolic activity of living 
 organisms, as distinguished from the alkaloidal 
 bodies developed in dead bodies, and 
 called ptomains. From their chemic affini- 
 ties leukomains may be divided into two 
 groups — the uric-acid group, comprising 
 adenin, carnin, guanin, heteroxanthin, hypo- 
 xanthin, paraxanthin, pseudoxanthin, sper- 
 min, xanthin; and the creatinin group, in 
 which are classed amphicreatinin, crusocrea- 
 tinin, xanthocreatinin, and others. The 
 appended list of leukomains is modified from 
 the work of Vaughan and Novy: Amphi- 
 creatin (C 9 H 19 N 7 4 ), discovered by Gautier 
 in muscle. Carnin (C 7 H 8 N 4 3 ), discovered 
 by Weidel in meat -extract; nonpoisonous. 
 Crusocreatin (C 5 H 8 N 4 0), discovered by 
 Gautier in muscle. Gerontin (C 5 H 14 N 2 ), dis- 
 covered by Grandis in dog liver; it paralyzes 
 the nerve-centers. Guanin (C 5 H 5 N s O), dis- 
 covered by Unger in animal and vegetal 
 tissues and in guano; nonpoisonous. Hetero- 
 xanthin (C 6 H 6 N 4 2 ), discovered by Salomon 
 in urine. Hypoxanthin (C 5 H 4 N 4 0), dis- 
 covered by Scherer in brain, muscle, kidney, 
 liver, spleen, certain plants, etc.; nonpoison- 
 ous; excitomotor. M ethylhydantoin (C 4 Hg- 
 N 2 0), discovered by Guaretchi and Mosso 
 in fresh meat. Parareducin (C 6 H N 3 O), dis- 
 covered by Thudichum in urine. Paraxan- 
 thin (C 7 H 8 N 4 2 ), discovered by Thudichum 
 and Salomon in urine; poisonous. Protarin, 
 discovered by Miescher in spawn of salmon. 
 Pseudoxanthin (C 4 H 5 N 5 0), discovered by 
 Gautier in muscle. Reducin (C^H^NgOg), 
 discovered by Thudichum in urine. Sala- 
 mandarin (C 34 H 60 N 2 O 5 ), discovered by Zal- 
 esky in salamander; poisonous. Sarcin or 
 Sarkin. See Hypoxanthin in this list. 
 Spermin (C 2 H 5 N?), discovered by Schreiner 
 in semen, testicles, Charcot-Leyden crystals, 
 and in the tissues in leukemia; nonpoisonous. 
 11 Unnamed" (i) (C 3 H 5 N0 2 ), discovered by 
 Pouchet in urine; (2) (C 7 H 12 N 4 2 ), dis- 
 covered by Pouchet in urine; (3) (C n H 24 - 
 N 10 O 5 ), discovered by Gautier in muscle; 
 (4) (C^H^NjjOg), discovered bv Gautier 
 in muscle; (5) C 13 H 24 N 2 2 (C 62 H M N 8 8 PS), 
 discovered by Eliacheff in normal urine 
 and slightly poisonous; (6) (C u H 25 N 3 3 ), 
 a poisonous leukomain discovered by Elia- 
 cheff in urine in tuberculosis. Urethro- 
 bromin. See Paraxanthin in this list. Xan- 
 thin (C 5 H 4 N 4 2 ), discovered by Marcet in 
 
 most animal tissues, and in certain plants and 
 calculi; slightly poisonous and a muscle 
 stimulant. Xanthocreatin (C 5 H 10 N 4 O), dis- 
 covered by Gautier in muscle; poisonous. 
 
 Leukomatous {lu-ko' -mat-us) [leukoma]. Hav- 
 ing the nature of or affected with leukoma. 
 
 Leukomyelitis {lu-ko-mi-el-i'-tis) [leuko-; fiueXSc, 
 marrow; ace, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the white substance of the spinal cord. 
 
 Leukonecrosis {lu-ko -ne-kro' -sis) [leuko-; nec- 
 rosis]. A form of dry gangrene, the slough 
 having a light color. 
 
 Leukonostoc {lu-ko -no s'-tok) [leuko-; nostoc]. 
 A genus of schizomycetes having its elements 
 disposed in chains and enveloped in a sheath 
 of tough jelly. See under Bacteria. 
 
 Leukonuclein {lu-ko-nu'-kle-in). A decom- 
 position-product of nucleohiston by action of 
 hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Leukonychia {lu-kon-ik' -e-ah) [leuko-; bvu£, 
 nail]. A whitish discoloration of the nails 
 owing to the presence of air beneath them. 
 
 Leukopathy, Leukopathia {lu-ko p'-ath-e, lu- 
 ko-pa' -the-ah) [leuko-; nddoc, suffering]. Any 
 deficiency of coloring-matter; albinism. See 
 Leukoderma. 
 
 Leukopenia {lu-ko -pe'-ne-ah) [leuko-; nsv'ca, 
 poverty]. A decrease below the normal stand- 
 ard in the number of leukocytes in the 
 peripheral blood. 
 
 Leukophlegmasia {lu-ko-fleg-ma'-ze-ah) [leuko-; 
 (f>Uyjj.a, phlegm]. 1. A condition marked 
 by a tendency to dropsy, accompanied by a 
 pale flabby skin and general edema of the 
 whole body; solid edema. 2. Phlegmasia 
 alba dolens. L. dolens puerperarum, phleg- 
 masia alba dolens. 
 
 Leukoplakia {lu-ko-pla' '-ke-ah) [leuko-; nXa£, 
 surface]. Whitening of a surface. L.buccalis, 
 L. lingualis, a disease characterized by 
 the presence of pearly-white or bluish-white 
 patches on the surface of the tongue or 
 the mucous membrane of the cheeks, due to a 
 hyperplasia of the epithelium. 
 
 Leukoplania {lu-ko-pla' -ne-ah) [leuko-; xXavi), 
 a wandering]. The wandering of leukocytes 
 or their passage through a membrane. 
 
 Leukoplasia {lu-ko-pla' -ze-ah). See Leuko- 
 plakia. 
 
 Leukorrhea {lu-kor-e'-ah) [leuko-; po'ca, a flow]. 
 A whitish, mucopurulent discharge from the 
 female genital canal, popularly called "the 
 whites." 
 
 Leukorrheal {lu-kor-e' -at) [leukorrhea]. Of 
 the nature of or pertaining to leukorrhea. 
 
 Leukosarcoma {lu-ko-sar-ko'-mah) [leuko-; 
 sarcoma]. A nonpigmented sarcoma. 
 
 Leukosis {lu-ko' -sis) [feu/coc, white]. 1. Any 
 disease of the lymphatics. 2. Abnormal 
 pallor of the skin. 3. The development and 
 progress of leukoma. 
 
 Leukotactic {lu-ko-tak'-tik) [leuko-; xa^cc, ar- 
 rangement]. Relating to leukotaxis. 
 
 Leukotaxis {lu-ko-taks'-is). The arranging 
 and ordering function of leukocytes. 
 
 Leukotoxic {lu-ko-toks'-ik). Destructive to 
 leukocytes. 
 
LEUKOTOXIN 
 
 559 
 
 LICHEN 
 
 Leukotoxin {lu-ko-toks 1 '-in) [leuko-; to£ik6v, 
 poison]. A cytotoxin obtained by Metch- 
 nikoff from lymphatic ganglions. 
 
 Leukotrichia {lu-ko-trik' -e-ah) [leuko-; dp'c^, 
 hair]. Whiteness of the hair; canities. 
 
 Leukourobilin (Ju-ko-u-ro-biV -in) [leuko-; obpov, 
 urine; bilis, bile]. A colorless decomposition- 
 product of bilirubin. 
 
 Levant Wormseed. See Santonica. 
 
 Levator ile-va'-tor) [L., "a lifter"], i. That 
 which raises or elevates, as certain muscles 
 having such a function. See under Muscle. 
 
 Levicoochre {lev-ik-o-o'-ker). A mud contain- 
 ing iron and arsenic, obtained from the springs 
 at Levico in the Tyrol. It is applied in the 
 form of a hot poultice in chronic inflammation. 
 
 Levigate {lev'-ig-dt) [Icevigare, to make smooth]. 
 i. To reduce to a fine powder by rubbing or 
 grinding; to triturate. 2. Smooth. 3. Uni- 
 form: applied to the reddening in skin 
 diseases. 
 
 Levisticum {lev-is' -tik-um). A genus of plants 
 containing but one species, L. officinale, in- 
 digenous to middle Europe. The root, plant, 
 and fruit are diuretic and are used in dropsy 
 and amenorrhea. Dose of fluidextract 15-60 
 min. (0.9-3.7 Cc). See Lovage. 
 
 Levogyrate (le-vo-ji'-rdt). See Levorotatory. 
 
 Levophoria {le-vo-fo'-re-ah) [lesvus, left; <f>epscv, 
 to bear]. A tending of the visual lines to the 
 left. 
 
 Levorotatory {le-vo-ro'-tat-o-re) .[Icevus, left; 
 rotare, to turn]. Causing to turn toward the 
 left hand: applied to substances that turn the 
 rays of polarized light to the left. 
 
 Levotorsion {le-vo-tor' '-shun) [lecvus, left; tor- 
 quere, to twist]. A turning or twisting toward 
 the left. 
 
 Levoversion ile-vo-ver' -shun) . See Levotorsion. 
 
 Levret's Law. Marginal insertion of the 
 umbilical cord in placenta praevia. 
 
 Levulinic Acid {lev-u-lin r -ik) . See Acid, Levu- 
 linic. 
 
 Levulosan {lev-u-lo'-san) [levulose], C 6 H 10 O 5 . 
 A carbohydrate prepared by heating levulose. 
 
 Levulose {lev'-u-los) [lavus, left], C 6 H 12 6 . 
 Fruit-sugar, the natural sugar of fruits. It is 
 a colorless, syrupy liquid, and rotates the 
 plane of polarized light to the left. It occurs 
 normally in the intestine, and rarely in the 
 urine in disease. See Invert-sugar. 
 
 Levulosemia {lev-u-lo-se' -me-ah) [levulose; alp.a, 
 blood]. The presence of levulose in the blood. 
 
 Levulosuria {lev-u-lo-su' -re-ah) [levulose; oupou, 
 urine]. The presence of levulose in the urine. 
 
 Levuretin {lev -u' -re-tin) [Fr., levure, yeast]. A 
 preparation of dried brewers' yeast used in 
 skin diseases. Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) in 
 milk 3 times daily. 
 
 Levurin {lev'-u-rin) [see Levuretin]. A dried 
 extract of beer-yeast; used in cases of 
 sepsis. Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) 3 times 
 daily. 
 
 Lewin's Erythema of the Larynx. Simple 
 syphilitic catarrh of the larynx. 
 
 Lewinin {lu'-in-in) [after Dr. Lewin]. A local 
 anesthetic resin from kava. 
 
 Leyden Jar {li'-den) [Leyden, a town in Holland]. 
 A glass jar coated within and without with 
 tin-foil, reaching nearly to the neck, and 
 surmounted by a knobbed conductor in con- 
 nection with the inner coating. It is designed 
 for the temporary accumulation of electricity, 
 with which the inner foil may be charged. 
 
 Leyden's Ataxia. Pseudotabes. L.'s Cells, 
 large, mononuclear epithelioid cells found in 
 the anterior horns of the spinal cord in cases 
 of anterior poliomyelitis. They are also met 
 in other inflammatory affections of the cord. 
 L.'s Crystals. See Crystals, Charcot-Ley- 
 den's. L.'s Neuritis, a variety of neuritis in 
 which the nerve-fibers are replaced by fatty 
 tissue. Syn., Lipomatous neuritis. L.'s Sign, 
 in cases of subphrenic pyopneumothorax 
 manometric observation shows that the pres- 
 sure in the abscess-cavity rises during inspira- 
 tion and falls during expiration. The reverse 
 was held by Leyden to occur in true pneumo- 
 thorax. 
 
 Leyden-Charcot's Crystals. See Crystals, 
 Char cot-Ley den' s. 
 
 Leyden-Moebius' Type of Progressive Mus- 
 cular Atrophy. A type commencing in the 
 calves and often assuming the character of 
 Duchenne's paralysis. 
 
 Leydenia gemmipara. The large round or 
 polymorphous cells with lively ameboid 
 movement discovered by v. Leyden in the 
 ascitic fluid in cancer patients. 
 
 Leydig's Cells. See Henle's Cells. L.'s 
 * Duct, the wolffian duct. 
 
 Lichen {li'-ken) [Xet%Tiv, a lichen]. A generic 
 term for a group of inflammatory affections 
 of the skin in which the lesions consist of solid 
 papules. L. acuminatus, a variety of 
 lichen ruber in which the papules are acumin- 
 ate. It is usually very acute, and is accom- 
 panied by grave constitutional symptoms 
 (rigors, pyrexia, sweats, prostration) and by 
 itching. L. pilaris, an inflammatory disease 
 of the hair -follicles in which a spinous epi- 
 dermic peg occupies the center of the papule. 
 L. planus, an inflammatory skin disease, 
 with an eruption made up of papules that are 
 broad and angular at the base, flat and ap- 
 parently glazed on the summit, slightly um- 
 bilicated, and of a dull, purplish-red color. 
 The papules may be discrete or may coalesce, 
 and itching may be slight or severe. L. 
 ruber, a rare skin disease, with lesions con- 
 sisting, in the beginning, of discrete, miliary, 
 conic papules, but, as the disease advances, 
 becoming aggregated and forming continu- 
 ous red, . infiltrated, and scaly patches. 
 The whole surface may eventually become 
 involved. The nails of the fingers and toes 
 become affected, being of a dirty-brown color, 
 rough, flaky, and breaking off short. The 
 etiology and pathology are obscure. L. 
 scrofulosus, a form occurring in strumous 
 children. The eruption is situated on the 
 trunk, especially upon the back, either 
 diffusely or in patches. The papules are 
 very small, pale, conic, and surmounted 
 
LICORICE 
 
 560 
 
 LIGAMENT 
 
 by fine scales; they cause no itching, and 
 on fading leave a rather persistent yellowish 
 pigmentation. L. tropicus, prickly heat. 
 
 Licorice (lik'-or-is). See Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 Lid. See Eyelid. 
 
 Lieben's Test for Acetone in Urine (mod- 
 ified by Ralfe). Dissolve 20 gr. of potassium 
 iodid in a dram of solution of potassium hy- 
 droxid and boil; then carefully float the urine 
 on its surface in a test-tube. A precipitation of 
 phosphates occurs at the point of contact which, 
 in the presence of acetone, will become yellow 
 and studded with yellow points of iodoform. 
 
 Lieberkiihn's Ampulla. A cavity that was 
 supposed by Lieberkuhn to exist in an intes- 
 tinal villus and to communicate at the apex 
 with the lumen of the intestine and at the 
 base with the lacteals. L.'s Crypts. See 
 Crypts, Lieberkiihn's. L.'s Follicles, L.'s 
 Glands. Same as Crypts, Lieberkiihn's. 
 
 Liebermann's Test for Proteids. Wash 
 the proteid with alcohol and ether, and treat 
 with fuming hydrochloric acid; a beautiful 
 violet-blue coloration is produced. 
 
 Liebermann-Buchard's Test for Cholesterin. 
 Allow the substance to dissolve in acetic 
 anhydrid, then add a few drops of concen- 
 trated sulfuric acid, when a beautiful violet 
 coloration is produced, changing quickly to 
 green if cholesterin is present. 
 
 Liebig's Extract. A variety of beef-extract. 
 
 * L.'s Test for Cystin, boil the substance with 
 
 caustic alkali containing lead oxid. In the 
 
 presence of cystin a precipitate of black lead 
 
 sulfid is formed. 
 
 Lien {li'-en) [L.]. The spleen. 
 
 Lienaden ili-en' -ad-en) [lien; dorjv, gland]. The 
 proprietary name of a preparation made from 
 the spleen of animals. 
 
 Lienal (li'-en-al) [lien]. Relating to the spleen. 
 
 Lienculus {li-en' -ku-lus) [dim. of lien]. A de- 
 tached part or exclave of the spleen. 
 
 Lienitis (li-en-i '-tis) [lien; erec, inflammation]. 
 Splenitis. 
 
 Lieno- (li-en-o-) [lien]. A prefix meaning re- 
 lating to the spleen. 
 
 Lienointestinal (li-en-o-in-tes'-tin-al) [lieno-; in- 
 testine]. Relating to the spleen and intestine. 
 
 Lienomalacia (li-en-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [lieno-; 
 paXa/ica, softening]. Morbid softening of the 
 spleen. 
 
 Lienomedullary (li-en-o-med'-ul-ar-e). See 
 Lienomyelogenous. 
 
 Lienomyelogenous {li-en-o - mi -el- of -en- us) 
 [lieno-; fiue/\6c, marrow; ysvvdv, to produce]. 
 Derived from both spleen and marrow. 
 
 Lienomyelomalacia (li-en-o-mi-el-o-mal-a' -she- 
 ah) [lieno-; {weA.dc, marrow; jiaXanca, softening]. 
 Softening of the spleen and bone-marrow. 
 
 Lienorenal ili-en-o-re' -nal) [lieno-; ren, kidney]. 
 Relating to the spleen and the kidney. 
 
 Lienteric (li-en-ter' '-ik) [lientery]. Pertaining 
 to or affected with lientery. 
 
 Lientery (li'-en-ter-e) [Xe'coc, smooth; evrepov, 
 intestine]. A form of diarrhea in which the 
 food passes rapidly through the bowel with- 
 out undergoing digestion, 
 
 Lieutaud's Sinus. The straight sinus. L.'s 
 
 Triangle, the trigonum vesicae. 
 Life (llf) [AS., llf]. 1. The sum of prop- 
 eties that enables an organism to adapt itself 
 to surrounding conditions. 2. The character- 
 istic phenomena manifested by living beings. 
 3. The force or principle underlying or caus- 
 ing the phenomena presented by organized 
 beings. L., Animal, the manifestations de- 
 pending directly on the cerebrospinal nervous 
 system and the voluntary muscles, as dis- 
 tinguished from vegetative life — that is, the 
 functions of digestion, respiration, reproduc- 
 tion, etc. L., Change of, that period in the 
 life of a woman at which menstruation ceases. 
 Syn., Climacteric; Menopause. L., Expecta- 
 tion of, the average number of years a person 
 has to live, as calculated from life-tables. 
 Ligament, Ligamentum (lig'-am-ent, lig-am- 
 en'-tum) [ligare, to bind]. A band of flexible, 
 compact connective tissue connecting the ar- 
 ticular ends of the bones, and sometimes 
 enveloping them in a capsule. L., Acromio- 
 clavicular, a ligament covering the acromio- 
 clavicular articulation and 
 extending from the clavicle 
 to the acromial process of 
 the scapula. L., Adipose, 
 the mucous ligament of the 
 knee-joint. L., Alar. 1. 
 One of the two folds of 
 synovial membrane on 
 each side of the mucous 
 ligament of the knee-joint. 
 2. See L., Odontoid. L., 
 Annular (of Ankle), the 
 broad ligament covering 
 the anterior surface of the 
 ankle-joint. L., Annular 
 (of Wrist), a strong liga- 
 ment extending from, the 
 trapezium to the unciform 
 bone, confining the flexor 
 tendons. L., Arcuate, 
 one of the arched liga- 
 ments extending from the 
 body of the diaphragm to 
 the last rib and to the 
 transverse process of the 
 first lumbar vertebra. L., 
 Atloaxoid, that joining the 
 atlas and the axis. L., 
 Atlooccipital, that join- 
 ing the atlas and the oc- 
 ciput. L. of Bigelow. 
 See L., Iliofemoral. L., 
 Broad (of uterus), a fold 
 of peritoneum extending 
 laterally from the uterus 
 to the pelvic wall. L., 
 Capsular, a heavy fibrous 
 structure surrounding an articulation, and 
 lined by synovial membrane. L., Check. 
 See L., Odontoid. Ligamenta coli, three 
 longitudinal bands on the surface of the 
 large intestine, due to thickening of the 
 longitudinal muscle-fibers. L., Conoid, 
 
 Ligaments of El- 
 bow-joint. 
 
 1. Humerus. 2. Ul- 
 na. 3. Radius. 
 4. External lat- 
 eral ligament. 5. 
 Orbicular liga- 
 ment. 6. Pos- 
 terior ligament. 
 7, 8. Condyles of 
 humerus. o. In- 
 terosseous mem- 
 brane. 
 
LIGAMENT 
 
 561 
 
 LIGAMENT 
 
 Right Knee-joint, In- 
 ternal Ligaments 
 (Anterior View). 
 
 i. Lower extremity of 
 femur. 2. Anterior 
 crucial ligament. 3. 
 Posterior crucial liga- 
 ment. 4. Transverse 
 ligament. 5. Intercon- 
 dylar fossa. 6. Semilu- 
 n a r fibrocartilages 
 (internal). 7. Semi- 
 lunar fibrocartilages 
 (external). 8. Liga- 
 mentum patella:. 9. 
 Tubercle of tibia. 10. 
 Capsular ligament, n. 
 Interosseous m e m - 
 brane. 
 
 the inner portion of the coracoclavicular liga- 
 ment. It is attached 
 to the coracoid process 
 of the scapula and the 
 conoid tubercle of the 
 clavicle. L., Coraco- 
 clavicular, one ex- 
 tending from the cora- 
 coid process of the 
 scapula to the clavi- 
 cle. L., Coronary 
 (of liver), a peritoneal 
 fold extending from 
 the posterior edge of 
 the liver to the dia- 
 phragm. L., Costo- 
 clavicular. See L., 
 Rhomboid. L., Cos- 
 tocoracoid, that join- 
 ing the first rib and 
 the coracoid process 
 of the scapula. L., 
 Cotyloid, a ring of 
 fibrocartilaginous tis- 
 sue at the margin of 
 the acetabulum. L., 
 Crucial, Anterior, 
 the smaller crucial 
 ligament of the knee, 
 extending from the 
 upper surface of the 
 tibia to the inner sur- 
 face of the external 
 condyle of the femur. 
 L., Crucial, Posterior, one attached below 
 to the back part of 
 the depression behind 
 the spine of the tibia, 
 to the popliteal notch, 
 and to the external 
 semilunar fibrocartil- 
 age, and above to the 
 inner condyle of the 
 femur. L., Crural. 
 See L., Pott part's. 
 L., Denuce's. See 
 Denuce's Ligament. 
 L.s, Elastic, yellow, 
 highly elastic liga- 
 ments lying at the 
 back of the spinal 
 canal, appearing in 
 pairs between the 
 laminas of contiguous 
 vertebras from the 
 axis to the interval 
 between the last lum- 
 bar vertebra and the 
 sacrum. L., Falci- 
 form, a sickle-shaped 
 expansion of the great 
 sacrosciatic ligament, 
 extending along the 
 inner margin of the 
 tuberosity and inferior 
 ramus of the ischium. 
 L.. Femoral. See 
 
 Right 
 
 (POSTE- 
 
 LlGAMENTS OF 
 
 Knee-joint 
 rior View). 
 1. Posterior ligaments or 
 ligamentum winslowii 
 (oblique fasciculus) . 2. 
 Tendon of semimem- 
 branosus muscle. 3. 
 Tibia. 4. Bursa. 5. 
 Internal lateral liga- 
 ment. 6. Long exter- 
 nal lateral ligament. 
 7. Short external lat- 
 eral ligament. 8. Pop- 
 liteus muscle. 9. Pos- 
 terior or internal cru- 
 cial ligament. 
 
 37 
 
 L., Hey's. L., Flood's, the glenohu- 
 meral ligament. L.s, Funicular, band- 
 like ligaments accessory to capsular liga- 
 ments surrounding movable joints; they 
 are made up of parallel bundles of flexible 
 fibrous tissue, but' without elasticity. L., 
 Gimbernat's, the triangular portion of the 
 aponeurosis of the external oblique that is 
 attached to the lower end of Poupart's liga- 
 ment in front and to the iliopectineal line 
 behind and externally. L., Glenohumeral, 
 
 CJ^ ;, IE^ 
 
 Ligaments of the Costovertebral Articulations. 
 
 . Anterior common ligament. 2. Anterior costovertebral 
 or stellate ligament. 3. Anterior costotransverse liga- 
 ment. 
 
 a portion of the coracohumeral ligament, at- 
 tached to the inner and upper portion of the 
 bicipital groove. L., Glenoid (of scapula), 
 a ring of fibrocartilaginous tissue attached to 
 the rim of the glenoid fossa. L., Glenoideo- 
 brachial, the thickened part of the capsular 
 ligament of the shoulder which is inserted 
 into the lesser tuberosity of the humerus. 
 L., Hey's, a sickle-shaped expansion of the 
 fascia lata. Syn., Femoral ligament. L., 
 
 Ligaments of the Occipitoatloid Joint. 
 a. Anterior common ligament. b. Anterior occipitoatloid 
 ligament. c. Anterior common ligament (continua- 
 tion), d. Anterior atloaxial ligament, e. Capsular 
 ligament. /. Synovial membrane, g. Lateral occi- 
 pitoatloid ligament. 
 
 Iliofemoral, a strong ligament extending 
 from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the 
 lesser trochanter and the intertrochanteric 
 line. L., Iliotibial. See Maissiat's Band. 
 L., Interclavicular, one joining the clav- 
 icles and the sternum. L., Interfoveolar, 
 a thin, fibrous band extending from the 
 posterior surface of the fascia transversalis, 
 near the plica semilunaris, to the pubic bone 
 and Gimbernat's ligament; it forms part of 
 
LIGAMENT 
 
 562 
 
 LIGAMENT 
 
 the conjoined tendon. L., Lateral (of liver), 
 one of the peritoneal folds between the sides 
 
 wood's Ligament. L., Mauchart's. See 
 Mauchart's Ligament. L., Mucous (of the 
 knee-joint), a fold of synovial membrane ex- 
 tending from the intercondyloid fossa to the 
 
 Ligaments of the Shoulder-joint. 
 Superior acromioclavicular ligament. 2. Coracoclavic- 
 ular. 3. Coracoacromial. 4. Transverse. 5. Cap- 
 sular. 6. Coracohumeral. 7. Tendon of long head 
 of biceps. 
 
 J/tg, crm. 
 tracK 
 
 Larynx, Front View, Showing the Ligaments and 
 Insertion of Muscles. — (Holden.) 
 
 O. h. Os hyoides. C. th. Thyroid cartilage. Corp. trit. 
 Corpus triticeum, or lesser cornu of the hyoid bone. 
 C. c. Cricoid carilage. C. tr. Tracheal cartilage. Lig. 
 thyr.-hyoid med. Middle thyrohyoid ligament. Lig. 
 th.-h. lal. Lateral thyrohyoid ligament. Lig. cric- 
 thyr. med. Middle cricothyroid ligament. Lig. cric- 
 trach. Cricotracheal ligament. M. st.-h. Sterno- 
 hyoid muscle. M. tk.-hyoid. Thyrohyoid muscle. 
 M. st. th. Sternothyroid muscle. M. cr.-th. Cricothy- 
 roid muscle. 
 
 of the liver and the inferior surface of the 
 diaphragm. L., Lockwood's. See Lock- 
 
 Ligaments of the Pelvis (Posterior View). 
 Articular surface of sacrum for last lumbar vertebra. 2. 
 Coccyx. 3, 3. Crest of ilium. 4, 4. Tuberosity of 
 ischium. 5, 5. Great sacrosciatic foramen. 6. 
 Lesser sacrosciatic foramen. 7. Great trochanter. 
 8, 8. Posterior sacroiliac ligament. 9. Posterior infer- 
 ior spine of ilium. 10. Supraspinous ligament. 11. 
 Obturator membrane. 12. Lesser sacrosciatic fora- 
 men. 13, 13, 14. Great sacrosciatic ligament. 15. 
 Lesser sacrosciatic ligament. 16. Spine of ischium. 
 
 lower margin of the patella. L., Nuchal, one 
 at the nape of the neck, connecting the two 
 trapezius muscles. L., Odontoid, any one 
 of the broad, strong ligaments arising on 
 each side of the apex 
 of the odontoid process 
 and connecting the atlas 
 with the skull. L., 
 Palpebral, External, 
 that joining the outer 
 margin of the orbit and 
 the tissues of the eye- 
 lid. L., Palpebral, 
 Internal, one extending 
 from the nasal process 
 of the superior maxilla 
 to the lacrimal spine of 
 the lacrimal bone and 
 the inner end of the 
 tarsal cartilage. Liga- 
 mentum patellae, a 
 strong fibrous structure, 
 extending from the tu- 
 bercle of the tibia up- 
 ward to become the 
 tendon of the quadri- 
 ceps extensor muscle; 
 it embraces the patella. 
 Ligamentum pecti- 
 natum, the spongy tis- 
 sue at the junction of 
 the cornea and sclera 
 in the sinus of the anterior chamber of the 
 eye. It forms the root of the iris. L., Pou- 
 part's, the ligament extending from the an- 
 
 Calcaneo scaphoid 
 ligament. 2. Cal- 
 caneocuboid liga- 
 ment. — (Holden.) 
 
LIGAMENT 
 
 563 
 
 LIGATION 
 
 terior superior spine of the ilium to the spine 
 of the pubis and the pectineal line. It is 
 the lower portion of the aponeurosis of the 
 external oblique muscle. L., Pterygomaxil- 
 lary, one joining the apex of the internal 
 pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and 
 the posterior extremity of the internal oblique 
 line of the lower jaw. L., Pterygospinous, 
 a ligamentous band extending from the ex- 
 ternal pterygoid plate to the spine of the 
 sphenoid. L., Pubic, Inferior, a triangular 
 ligament extending from 
 the symphysis pubis to 
 the rami of the pubic 
 bones. L., Pyloro- 
 colic, Glenard's name 
 for the attachment of 
 the transverse colon to 
 the pylorus. L., Re- 
 ticular, one holding a 
 muscle to a bone. L., 
 Rhomboid, one join- 
 ing the cartilage of the 
 first rib and the tuber- 
 osity of the clavicle. 
 L., Round (of Hip). 
 See Ligamentum teres. 
 L., Round (of Liver), 
 a fibrous cord running 
 from the umbilicus to 
 the notch in the ante- 
 rior border of the liver. 
 It represents the re- 
 mains of the obliter- 
 ated umbilical vein. 
 L., Round (of Uterus), 
 a ligament running 
 from the anterior sur- 
 face of the cornu of the 
 uterus through the in- 
 guinal canal to the 
 mons veneris. L., Sac- 
 rosciatic, Great, a 
 ligament extending 
 from the sacrum, coccyx, 
 and inferior iliac spine 
 to the tuberosity of the 
 ischium. L., Spino- 
 glenoid, one extending 
 between the spine of 
 the scapula and the 
 glenoid cavity. L., 
 Splenophrenic, the 
 suspensory ligament of 
 the spleen. L., Sterno- 
 clavicular, the capsu- 
 lar ligament of the articulation between 
 the sternum and clavicle. L.s, Sterno- 
 pericardiac, connecting bands between 
 the sternum and the pericardium. L., 
 Stylohyoid, a fibrous cord extending from 
 the apex of the styloid process of the 
 temporal bone to the lesser cornu of the hyoid 
 bone. L., Stylomaxillary, a ligament join- 
 ing the styloid process of the temporal bone 
 and the inferior surface of the posterior mar- 
 gin of the ramus of the inferior maxilla. L., 
 
 Ligaments of the Sole 
 of the Foot. — 
 (H olden.) 
 
 i. Os*calcis. 2. Astra- 
 galus. 3. Tuberos- 
 ity of the scaphoid. 
 4. Long calcaneocu- 
 boid ligament. 5. 
 Part of the short cal- 
 caneocuboid 1 i g a - 
 ment. 6. Calcaneo- 
 scaphoid ligament. 
 7. Plantar tarsal liga- 
 ment. 8, 8. Tendon 
 of the peroneus lon- 
 gus muscle. g, 9. 
 Plantar tarsometa- 
 tarsal ligament. 10. 
 Metatarsophalangeal 
 ligament. 11, 11, n. 
 Lateral metatarso- 
 phalangeal. 12. 
 Transverse. 13. Lat- 
 eral of the phalanges 
 of the great toe. 
 
 Subpubic. See L., Pubic, Inferior. L., 
 Supraspinal Cervical. See L., Nuchal. L. 
 Suspensory (of Crystalline Lens), the zonule 
 of Zinn. L., Suspensory (of Eyeball). See 
 Lock-wood'' s Ligament. L., Sutural. 1. A 
 thin lamina of fiber occurring in the cranial 
 sutures. 2. A thin lamina of fibrous tissue 
 often interposed between the articulating sur- 
 faces of bones united by suture. L.s, Syno- 
 vial, synovial folds resembling ligaments. 
 Ligamentum teres, a rounded fibrous cord 
 attached to the center of the articular surface 
 of the head of the femur, and extending to the 
 margin of the cotyloid notch of the acetab- 
 ulum. L.s, Thyroarytenoid, the vocal 
 bands. L., Thyroarytenoid, Inferior, one 
 of the inferior or true vocal bands. L., 
 Thyroarytenoid, Superior, one extending 
 between the inner surface of the upper por- 
 tion of the thyroid cartilage and the an- 
 terior surfaces of the apexes of the arytenoid 
 cartilages. L., Transverse (of Atlas), one 
 attached to two small tubercles on the inner 
 surface of the atlas, and surrounding the 
 odontoid process of the axis. L., Trans- 
 verse (of Hip- joint), one extending across 
 the cotyloid notch of the acetabulum. L., 
 Transverse (of Knee-joint), one extending 
 from the anterior margin of the external semi- 
 lunar fibrocartilage to the anterior extremity 
 of the internal fibrocartilage. L., Trapezoid, 
 the anterior or external portion of the coraco- 
 clavicular ligament, extending from the upper 
 surface of the coracoid process of the scapula 
 to the under surface of the clavicle. L., 
 Triangular (of the urethra), a tendinous 
 band of triangular shape, attached by its apex 
 to the reflected portion of Poupart's ligament, 
 and passing inward beneath the spermatic 
 cord and behind the inner pillar of the ex- 
 ternal abdominal ring, to join the tendon 
 of the opposite side. L., Winslow's, the 
 posterior ligament of the knee-joint. L., 
 Y-shaped (of Bigelow), the iliofemoral liga- 
 ment. 
 
 Ligamentopexis {lig-am-en-to-peks' -is) [liga- 
 ment; Tzfj^cc, fixation]. Beck's operation of sus- 
 pension of the uterus on the round ligaments. 
 
 Ligamentous {lig-am-en'-tus) [ligament]. Of 
 the nature of, or pertaining to, a ligament. 
 
 Ligamentum (lig-am-en'-tum). See Ligament. 
 
 Ligar's Line. i. A line drawn from the pos- 
 terior superior iliac spine to a point midway 
 between the tuberosity of the ischium and 
 greater trochanter; the upper point of tri- 
 section of this line corresponds to the point 
 of emergence of the gluteal artery. 2. A 
 line drawn from the posterior superior iliac 
 spine to the inner point of trisection of a line 
 between the tuberosity of the ischium and 
 the greater trochanter; the middle of this 
 line indicates the point of emergence of the 
 sciatic artery. 
 
 Ligate {IV -gat) [ligare, to bind]. To apply a 
 ligature. 
 
 Ligation {li-ga' -shun) [ligate]. The opera- 
 tion of tying, especially of tying arteries. 
 
LIGATURE 
 
 564 
 
 LIME 
 
 Ligature (lig'-at-ur) [ligatura, a band]. i. A 
 cord or thread used for tying about arteries or 
 other parts. 2. Ligation. L., Double, the 
 application of two ligatures to a vessel, be- 
 tween which it is divided. L., Elastic, a 
 narrow band or thread of rubber applied 
 tightly to a part so as to destroy the tis- 
 sues and by compression to lead to separa- 
 tion. It is used in the treatment of hemor- 
 rhoids, anal fistula, and in the removal of 
 pedunculated growths. L., Erichsen's, one 
 consisting of a double thread, one half of 
 which is white, the other half black; it is 
 used in the ligation of nevi. L., Interlac- 
 ing, L., Interlocking, one for securing a 
 pedicle in which several loops interlace. L., 
 Intermittent, a tourniquet applied above a 
 poisoned wound to interrupt the blood-cur- 
 rent; it is occasionally relaxed to allow of 
 renewal of the circulation. L., Lateral, par- 
 tial occlusion of the lumen of a vessel by a 
 loose ligature. L., Provisional, a ligature 
 applied during an operation, with the inten- 
 tion of removing it before the completion of 
 the operation. L., Woodridge's, the iso- 
 lation of the ventricles by drawing a silk 
 ligature tightly about the auricles at their 
 junction with the ventricles. 
 
 Light (lit) [AS., leoht]. Ethereal waves of 
 the vibrational frequencies that give rise 
 to the sensation of vision when the rays im- 
 pinge upon the retina. L., Axial, light-rays 
 that are parallel to each other and to the 
 optic axis. L., Central. See L., Axial. 
 L. -difference, the difference between the 
 two eyes in respect to their sensitiveness to 
 light. L., Diffused, that reflected simul- 
 taneously from an infinite number of surfaces, 
 or that which has been scattered by means 
 of a concave mirror or lens. L., Finsen, 
 light from which the heat-rays are excluded 
 and only the blue and violet rays remain; it 
 is used in phototherapy. L., Oblique, light 
 falling obliquely on a surface. L., Re- 
 flected, light thrown back from an illuminated 
 object. L., Refracted, light-rays that have 
 passed through an object and have been 
 bent from their original course. L., Re- 
 frigerated. See L., Finsen. L. -sense, 
 sensibility of the retina to luminous impres- 
 sions. L., Transmitted, the light passing 
 through an object. L. -treatment. SeeActino- 
 therapy, Phototherapy, and Radiotherapy. 
 
 Lighterman's Bottom. Inflammation of the 
 bursa over the tuberosity of the ischium, from 
 prolonged sitting. 
 
 Lightning Pains. The lancinating pains of 
 locomotor ataxia, coming on and disappearing 
 with lightning-like rapidity. 
 
 Lignin (lig'-yiin) [lignum], C ]9 H ?4 O 10 ( ?). A mod- 
 ification of cellulose, constituting the greater 
 part of the weight of most dry wood. 
 
 Lignosulfin (lig-no-sul'-fin). A product occur- 
 ring in the manufacture of sulfocellulose, 
 containing free sulfurous acid combined with 
 the volatile products of wood. It is used in 
 the disinfection of dwellings. 
 
 Lignosulfite (lig-no-sul'-jit). A liquid by- 
 product obtained in the manufacture of cel- 
 lulose from pine wood; used in laryngeal 
 tuberculosis in inhalations of 10 to 30% 
 solution. 
 
 Lignum (lig'-num) [L.]. Wood. L. bene- 
 dictum, guaiac-wood. L. cedrium, cedar- 
 wood. L.-vitae, the tree, Guaiacum officinale. 
 See Guaiacum. 
 
 Ligroin (lig'-ro-in). A product obtained from 
 petroleum; it is used in pharmacy as a solvent 
 and for burning in sponge-lamps. 
 
 Ligula (lig'-u-lah) [dim. of lingua, a tongue]. 
 1. A small tongue-shaped organ. 2. The 
 strip of white matter on the margin of the 
 fourth ventricle. See Lingula. 
 
 Ligusticum (li-gus'-tik-um). See Lovage. 
 
 Lilienfeld's Theory of Blood-coagulation. 
 This attributes to the nucleoproteid the power 
 of splitting the fibrinogen into globulin and 
 thrombosin, the thrombosin uniting with lime 
 to form fibrin. 
 
 Lily-of-the-valley. See under Convallaria. 
 
 Liman (li'-man) [Xcpt-qv, a marshy lake]. A 
 sheet of water isolated from the sea and con- 
 verted into a salt lake. L. Cure, the treat- 
 ment of diseases by bathing in limans at 
 Odessa. 
 
 Limanol (W -man-ol) . An extract obtained 
 from boiling the mud of the limans at Odessa. 
 It is used as an application in gout. 
 
 Limatura (lim-at-u'-rah) \limare, to » file]. Fil- 
 ings. L. chalybis, L. ferri, iron filings. 
 
 Limb (Urn) [AS., lim\ r. One of the ex- 
 tremities attached to the sides of the trunk 
 and used for prehension or locomotion. 2. An 
 elongated structure resembling a limb, as 
 the limbs of the internal capsule. 
 
 Limbic (lim'-bik) [limbus]. Marginal. 
 
 Limbus (Urn' -bus) [L.]. A border; the cir- 
 cumferential edge of any flat organ or part. 
 L. conjunctivae, the rim of conjunctiva that 
 overlaps the corneal epithelium. L. corneae, 
 the edge of the cornea at its junction with 
 the sclerotic coat. L. laminae spiralis, the 
 spiral membranous cushion at the border of 
 the osseous spiral lamina of the cochlea. 
 L. luteus. See Macula lutea. L. sphenoi- 
 dalis, the sharp anterior edge of the groove 
 on the sphenoid bone for the optic commis- 
 sure. 
 
 Lime (lim) [Pers., llmu, a lemon]. 1. The fruit 
 of several species of Citrus, as C. limetta. 
 2. [AS., lim, cement.] Calcium oxid, CaO 
 (quicklime). Calcium oxid has a great affinity 
 for water and for CO ? . On contact with the 
 former, slaked lime is formed, with the evolu- 
 tion of heat. On living tissues it acts as a 
 caustic. See also Calcium and Calx. L., 
 Chlorinated (calx chlorinata, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 the chlorid of lime of commerce. It is not a 
 distinct chemic compound; its chief constit- 
 uent, and the one on which its disinfectant 
 properties depend, is calcium hypochlorite, 
 which liberates chlorin. L.- juice, the juice 
 of the lime. L. , Milk of, a milky fluid consist- 
 ing of calcium hydroxid suspended in water. 
 
LIMEN NASI 
 
 565 
 
 LINE 
 
 L., Slaked, a common term for lime. Syn., 
 Quicklime. L., Sulfurated. See Calx sul- 
 phur ata. L., Syrup of (syrupus calcis, U. S. 
 P.), contains 5 % lime, 30 % sugar, 65 % water. 
 It is the antidote to poisoning by phenol or ox- 
 alic acid. Dose %-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). L. -water 
 (liquor calcis, U. S. P.), a solution containing 
 about 1 § parts of lime in 1000 of water. Dose 
 \-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). It is used as an antacid. 
 
 Limen nasi. The boundary between the 
 osseous and cartilaginous parts of the nasal 
 cavity. 
 
 Liminal (Jim'-in-al) [limen, threshold]. Per- 
 taining to the threshold, especially pertaining 
 to the lowest limit of perception. 
 
 Limiting Membrane, External. The thin 
 layer between the outer nuclear layer of the 
 retina and that of the rods and cones. L. 
 Membrane, Internal, in the eye, the inner 
 layer of the retina. 
 
 Limitrophes (lim-W -ro-fez) [limes, a boundary; 
 'rpo(f>T], nourishment]. The sympathetic gan- 
 glions and their connections. 
 
 Limo (li'-mo) [L.]. Lemon. The fruit of 
 Citrus limonum, a tree of the order Rutacecr. 
 The pulp contains a large amount of citric 
 acid. Limonis cortex (U. S. P.), the rind 
 of lemon, yields an essential oil and a gluco- 
 sid, hesperidin, C 2 2H 26 12 . Limonis, Oleum 
 (U. S. P.), oil of lemon. Dose 1-5 min. (0.065- 
 0.32 Cc). Limonis succus (U. S. P.), lemon- 
 juice, is refrigerant and antiscorbutic. Locally 
 it has been used in pruritus, sunburn, and as 
 a gargle in diphtheria. Limonis, Syrupus 
 (B. P.), is used as a refrigerant and- vehicle. 
 
 Limonin (lim'-o-nin) [limo], C 26 R a0 O 8 (?). A 
 glucosid from seeds of apples and lemons. 
 
 Limosis (lim-o'-sis) [Xcfioc, hunger]. 1. Un- 
 natural appetite. 2. A disease distinguished 
 by depraved appetite. 
 
 Limo therapy (lim-o-ther'-ap-e) [Xcubc, hunger; 
 OspaTze'ca, treatment]. The treatment of dis- 
 ease by partial or total deprivation of food. It 
 has been used in the treatment of aneurysm. 
 
 Linadin (lin'-ad-in). An insoluble, dark-brown 
 powder containing 1 % of iron and 0.023 % 
 of iodin, prepared from the spleen of animals. 
 Dose in malarial cachexia 150-385 gr. (10-25 
 Gm.). 
 
 Linamarin (lin-am-ar' -in) [linum, flax; amara, 
 bitter]. The toxic glucosid of common flax. 
 
 Lincture (link'-tur) [linger e, to lick]. A 
 medicine to be taken by licking; an elec- 
 tuary. 
 
 Line, Linea (Jin, Un'-e-aK) [linea, a line]. 1. 
 Extension of dimension having length, but 
 neither breadth nor thickness. 2. The T ^- 
 part of an inch. 3. In anatomy, anything 
 resembling a mathematic line in having 
 length without breadth or thickness; a boun- 
 dary or guide-mark. Linea alba. 1. A 
 tendinous raphe extending in the median line 
 of the abdomen from the pubes to the ensiform 
 cartilage; it is formed by the blending of the 
 aponeuroses of the oblique and transversalis 
 muscles. 2. Hunter's line, the anterior 
 peduncles of the pineal gland. Lineae albi- 
 
 cantes, glistening white lines in either iliac 
 region of the abdomen, seen in distention of 
 the abdomen from pregnancy, ascites, or 
 tumors. L., Alveolobasilar, a line joining 
 the basion and the alveolar point. L., Alveo- 
 nasal, a line joining the nasal and alveolar 
 points. Linea aspera, a rough longitudinal 
 ridge on the posterior surface of the middle 
 third of the femur, dividing below into two 
 and above into three ridges. L., Auriculo- 
 bregmatic, a line passing from the auricular 
 point to the bregma, and dividing the pre- 
 auricular from the postauricular part of the 
 cranium. L.s, Axillary, Anterior and 
 Posterior, vertical lines extending down- 
 ward from the axilla on the side of the trunk. 
 L., Base, a line running backward from the 
 infraorbital ridge through the middle of the 
 external auditory meatus, and prolonged to 
 the middle line of the head posteriorly. L., 
 Basiobregmatic, the line joining the basion 
 and the bregma. L., Baudelocque's, the 
 external conjugate diameter of the pelvis. 
 L.s, Beau's, the transverse ridges seen on 
 the finger-nails after convalescence from ex- 
 hausting diseases. L., Biauricular, the 
 line separating the anterior from the posterior 
 portion of the skull; it extends from one 
 auditory foramen over the vertex to the other. 
 L., Blue, the blue line at the dental margin 
 of the gums in chronic lead-poisoning. L., 
 Bryant's. See L., Test-. L., Camper's, 
 a line running from the external auditory 
 meatus to a point just below the nasal spine. t 
 L., Clapton's, a green line at the margin of 
 the gums, with a similar green stain extending 
 for some distance on the teeth in chronic 
 copper-poisoning. L., Conradi's, a line 
 from the base of the xiphoid process to the 
 point of the apex-beat, marking, under nor- 
 mal conditions, the upper limit of percussion- 
 dulness of the left lobe of the liver. L., 
 Corrigan's, a purple line at the junction of 
 the teeth and gums in chronic copper-poison- 
 ing. L., Costoarticular, a line drawn be- 
 tween the sternoclavicular articulation and 
 the point of the eleventh rib. L., Costo- 
 clavicular. See L., Parasternal. L., Curved, 
 Inferior (of the Ilium), a line extending 
 from the upper part of the anterior inferior 
 spinous process of the ilium, and terminating 
 at the middle of the great sciatic notch. L., 
 Curved, Inferior (of the Occipital Bone), 
 a ridge extending transversely across the 
 outer surface of the occipital bone a short 
 distance below the superior curved line. 
 L., Curved, Middle (of the Ilium), a line 
 commencing about an inch or an inch and 
 a half behind the anterior superior spine of 
 the ilium and arching backward and down- 
 ward to the upper margin of the great sciatic 
 notch. L., Curved, Superior (of the Ilium), 
 a line commencing about two inches in front 
 of the posterior extremity of the crest of the 
 ilium and curving downward and forward 
 toward the posterior part of the great sciatic 
 notch. L., Curved, Superior (of the Occip- 
 
LINE 
 
 566 
 
 LINE 
 
 ital Bone), a semicircular line, passing out- 
 ward and forward from the external occipital 
 protuberance. L. of Demarcation, a line 
 of division between healthy and gangrenous 
 tissues. L.s, Eberth's. See Eberth's Lines. 
 L., Ellis', the curved line followed by the 
 upper border of a pleuritic effusion or a hy- 
 drothorax. L., Embryonic, the primitive 
 trace in the center of the germinal area of 
 the ovum. Linea eminens (of the Cricoid 
 Cartilage), a mesial ridge on the dorsal 
 half of the cricoid cartilage. Linea emi- 
 nens (of the Patella), a ridge on the pos- 
 terior surface of the patella, dividing that 
 surface into two unequal parts, the outer of 
 which is the larger. L., Epiphyseal, the 
 thin layer of cartilage at first separating the 
 borders of the diaphysis and epiphysis. L., 
 Facial, i. A straight line tangential to the 
 glabella and some point at the lower portion 
 of the face. 2. See L., Camper's. L. of 
 Fixation, an imaginary line drawn from the 
 object viewed through the center of rotation 
 of the eye. L.s, Fraunhofer's, the black 
 lines that cross the solar spectrum; they are 
 produced by the light from the lower portions 
 of the solar surface passing through certain 
 incandescent metallic vapors in the lumin- 
 iferous envelop of the sun, and through the 
 aqueous vapor and gases of the earth's at- 
 mosphere. L.s, Frommann's, transverse 
 lines or strias appearing on the axis-cylinder 
 of medullated nerve-fibers, near the nodes 
 of Ranvier, after the fibers have been stained 
 with silver nitrate. L., Genal, a line seen 
 in the faces of children, in certain diseases, 
 running downward from the region of the 
 malar bone to join the nasal line. See Jade- 
 lot's Lines. L., Gingival, Burton's, a red- 
 dish streak or margin at the reflected edge 
 of the gums. L. of Haller. See Linea splen- 
 dens of Haller. L., Hilton's, a white line 
 marking the point of junction of the skin of the 
 perineum with the mucosa of the anus, and 
 also the point of separation of the external 
 from the internal sphincter. L., Holden's, a 
 sulcus below the fold of the groin, starting 
 from the femoroscrotal furrow, and fading 
 away between the great trochanter and the 
 anterior superior iliac spine; it crosses the 
 middle of the capsule of the hip. L., 
 Hunter's. See Linea alba (2). L., Ilio- 
 pectineal, the bony ridge marking the brim 
 of the true pelvis, situated partly on the ilium 
 and partly on the pubis. L., Incremental, 
 Salter's, a curved line in dentin, supposed 
 to indicate the laminar structure, and to corre- 
 spond to the successive laminas or stratums 
 of dentin. L., Intertrochanteric, Anterior, 
 a line upon the anterior surface of the femur, 
 separating the neck and shaft, extending 
 between the tubercle and a point close to 
 and in front of the lesser trochanter. L., 
 Intertrochanteric, Posterior, a ridge on 
 the posterior surface of the femur, extending 
 between the greater and lesser trochanters. 
 L.s, Jadelot's. See Jadelot's Lines. L.s, 
 
 Kirchoff's. See L.s, Fraunhofer's. L., 
 Ligar's. See Li gar' s Line. L., Mammil- 
 lary, a vertical line passing through the 
 center of the nipple. L., Mylohyoidean. 
 See L., Oblique, Internal (of the Inferior 
 Maxilla). L., Nasobasilar, the line drawn 
 through the basion and the nasal point. L., 
 Nelaton's, a line drawn from the anterior 
 superior spine of the ilium to the most promi- 
 nent part of the tuberosity of the ischium; 
 in dislocation of the femur backward the 
 trochanter is always found above this line. 
 L., Nipple-. Same as L., Mammillary. 
 L., Nuchal, Inferior, the inferior curved 
 line of the occiput. L., Nuchal, Median, 
 the external occipital protuberance. L., 
 Nuchal, Superior, the superior curved line 
 of the occiput. L., Oblique (of the Fibula), 
 a prominent ridge on the internal surface 
 of the shaft of the fibula, commencing above 
 at. the inner side of the head, and terminating 
 in the interosseous ridge at the lower fourth 
 of the bone. L., Oblique (of the Radius), 
 a prominent ridge running from the lower 
 part of the bicipital tuberosity, downward 
 and outward, to form the anterior border of 
 the bone. L., Oblique (of the Thyroid 
 Cartilage), a line extending downward and 
 outward from the tubercle of th$ thyroid 
 cartilage. L., Oblique (of the Tibia), a 
 rough ridge that crosses the posterior surface 
 of the tibia obliquely downward from the 
 back part of the articular facet for the fibula 
 to the internal border. L., Oblique, Ex- 
 ternal (of the Inferior Maxilla), a promi- 
 nent ridge on the external surface of the 
 inferior maxilla just below the mental fora- 
 men, from which it runs outward, upward, 
 and backward to the anterior margin of the 
 ramus. L., Oblique, Internal (of the 
 Inferior Maxilla), a ridge on the internal 
 surface of the lower jaw, commencing at 
 the posterior portion of the sublingual fossa, 
 continuing upward and outward so as to pass 
 just below the last two molar teeth. L., 
 Ogston's, the line for the tendon of the 
 adductor magnus, running from the tubercle 
 of the femur to the intercondyloid notch. 
 L., Parasternal, a line midway between the 
 nipple-line and the border of the sternum. 
 L., Pectineal, the portion of the iliopectineal 
 line that is formed by the pubic bone. L., 
 Primitive, the primitive streak of the em- 
 bryo. L., Profile, of Camper. See L., 
 Camper's. L., Quadrate, an eminence on 
 the femur commencing about the middle of 
 the posterior intertrochanteric line, and de- 
 scending vertically for about two inches along 
 the posterior surface of the shaft. L. of 
 Regard, in optics, the line connecting the 
 center of rotation of the eye with the point 
 of fixation or of regard. L., Respiratory, 
 the line connecting the bases of the upward 
 strokes in a tracing of the pulse. L., Roser's. 
 Same as L., Nelaton's. L., Salter's. See 
 L., Incremental. L., Scapular, a vertical 
 line downward from the lower angle of the 
 
LINEAR 
 
 567 
 
 LIOUVILLE'S ICTERUS 
 
 scapula. L., Semicircular, Douglas', the 
 
 curved lower edge of the internal layer of 
 the aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle 
 of the abdomen, where it ceases to cover the 
 posterior surface of the rectus muscle. L., 
 Semilunar, of Spigelius, a curved tendinous 
 condensation of the aponeurosis of the external 
 oblique muscle of the abdomen, running along 
 the outer border of the rectus abdominis. 
 L. of Sight, an imaginary line drawn from 
 the object viewed to the center of the pupil. 
 Linea splendens of Haller, a longitudinal 
 fibrous band extending along the middle line 
 of the anterior surface of the spinal pia mater. 
 L., Sternal, the median line of the sternum. 
 L., Sternomastoid, a line drawn from a 
 point between the two heads of the sterno- 
 mastoid muscle to the mastoid process. L., 
 Supraorbital, a line extending horizontally 
 across the forehead immediately above the 
 root of the external angular process of the 
 frontal bone. L., Test-, a line .for detecting 
 shortening of the neck of the femur. If 
 two lines are drawn to meet at right angles, 
 one of them backward from the anterior supe- 
 rior spinous process of the ilium, and the other 
 upward from the top of the trochanter major, 
 the latter is the test-line; its length is to be 
 compared with the same line on the unin- 
 jured side. Syn., Bryant's line. L., Thomp- 
 son's, a red line of vascular tissue along the 
 margin of the gums frequently noticeable 
 in pulmonary tuberculosis. L., Transverse 
 (of the Abdomen), the tendinous intersec- 
 tions in the course of the rectus abdominis 
 muscle. L., Trapezoid, the line of attach- 
 ment of the trapezoid ligament on the inferior 
 surface of the outer portion of the clavicle. 
 L., Virchow's, the line extending from the 
 root of the nose to the lambda. L., Visual, 
 an imaginary line, drawn from a point looked 
 at, through the nodal point of the eye, to the 
 macula lutea. 
 
 Linear (lin'-e-ar) [line]. Resembling or per- 
 taining to a line. 
 
 Ling's System. A method of treatment of 
 disease by gymnastic and other rhythmic 
 movements of the body, employed by Ling, 
 a Swedish physician. Syn., Kinetotherapy. 
 
 Lingua (ling'-gwah) [L.]. The tongue. L. 
 exertoria, prolapse and hypertrophy of the 
 tongue. L. exigua, the epiglottis. L. frae- 
 nata, tongue-tie. L. geographica, the geo- 
 graphic tongue. See Tongue, Geographic. 
 L. nigra. See Glossophytia. 
 
 Lingual (ling'-gwal) [lingua]. Pertaining to 
 or shaped like the tongue. L. Artery. See 
 under Artery. L. Lobule. See Subcalcarine 
 Convolution. L. Nerve. See under Nerve. 
 
 Lingula (ling'-gu-lah) [dim. of lingua]. A small 
 lobule between the valve of Vieussens and 
 the central lobule of the cerebellum. Syn., 
 Linguetta laminosa. L. auriculas, the car- 
 tilaginous projection toward or into the 
 upper portion of the lobe of the ear. L. 
 mandibularis, the prominent, thin scale 
 of bone partly surrounding the inferior dental 
 
 foramen of the lower jaw. L. sphenoidalis, 
 a small, tongue-like process extending back- 
 ward in the angle formed by the body of the 
 sphenoid and one of its greater wings. L. of 
 Wrisberg, the connecting fibers of the motor 
 and sensory roots of the trifacial nerve. 
 
 Lingulate (ling' '- gu-ldt) [lingula]. Tongue- 
 shaped. 
 
 Liniment, Linimentum (lin'-i-ment, lin-im- 
 en'-tum) [linere, to smear]. A liquid intended 
 for application to the skin by gentle friction. 
 The following are official in the U. S. P.: 
 Linimentum ammoniac or volatile liniment; 
 L. belladonna; L. calcis or carron oil; L. 
 camphor ce or camphorated oil ; L. chloroformi; 
 L. saponis; L. saponis mollis or tincture of 
 green soap; L. terebinthince. L., St. John 
 Long's, liniment of turpentine and acetic 
 acid (linimentum terebinthince aceticum, B. P.). 
 
 Linition (lin-ish' -un) [see Liniment]. The pro- 
 cess of applying a liniment. 
 
 Linitis (li-ni'-tis) [Xcvov, web; exec, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the network of fila- 
 mentous areolar tissue surrounding the gastric 
 vessels. L. plastica, fibrinous infiltration of 
 the pylorus. 
 
 Linolein (lin-o' -le-in) [linum; oleum, oil]. 
 The neutral fat contained in linseed-oil, and 
 to which its drying property is due. 
 
 Linseed (lin'-sed). See Linum. L.-oil. See 
 Lini, Oleum, under Linum. 
 
 Lint [linum]. A loosely woven or partly 
 felted mass of broken linen fibers, made by 
 scraping or picking linen cloth. It is used 
 as a dressing for wounds. L., Common, 
 lint that is twilled on one side and woolly 
 on the other. In the spreading of an ointment 
 the twilled side is used. L., Patent, lint that is 
 scraped on both sides, a soft finish being thus 
 given the two surfaces. Syn., English char pie. 
 
 Lintin {lin'-tin). Absorbent cotton rolled or 
 compressed into sheets. 
 
 Linum (li'-num) [L.]. The seed of L. usitatis- 
 simum, a plant of the order Linea', containing 
 a fatty substance, linolein, which is the gly- 
 cerid of linoleic acid. It is a demulcent, 
 emollient, and expectorant, useful in inflarn- 
 mations of mucous membranes. Syn., Flax- 
 seed; Linseed. Lini, Cataplasma (B. P.), a 
 poultice made from linseed meal. L. cathar- 
 ticum, an active purgative and vermifuge. 
 Lini farina (B. P.), flaxseed meal, used as a 
 poultice. Lini, Infusum (B. P.), flaxseed tea. 
 Dose indefinite. Lini, Oleum (U. S. P.), the 
 fixed oil of flaxseed, a glycerid of linoleic acid. 
 Dose \-2 oz. (16-64" Cc). Lini semina 
 (B. P.), linseed or flaxseed. 
 
 Liodermia (li-o -der'-me - ah) [hloc, smooth; 
 dkpjia, skin]. A condition of abnormal 
 smoothness and glossiness of the skin. 
 
 Liomyofibroma (li-o-mi-o-fi-bro'-mah) [lio- 
 myoma; fibroma]. A tumor presenting the 
 characteristics of a liomyoma and a fibroma. 
 
 Liomyoma (li-o-mi-o'-mah) [hloc, smooth; 
 myoma]. A tumor composed of unstriped 
 muscular tissue. 
 
 Liouville's Icterus. Icterus neonatorum. 
 
LIP 
 
 568 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 Lip [AS., lippd]. i. One of the two fleshy 
 folds surrounding the orifice of the 
 mouth. 2. One of the labia majora. See 
 Labium. 
 
 Lipacidemia (lip-as-id-e' -me-ah) [X'ctzoc, fat; 
 alp.a, blood]. The presence of fatty acids in 
 the blood. 
 
 Lipaciduria (lip-as-id-u' '-re-ah) [X'cnoc, fat; acid; 
 oupov, urine]. The presence of fatty acids in 
 the urine. 
 
 Lipaemia (lip-e' -me-ah). See Lipemia. 
 
 Lipanin (lip'-an-in). A substitute for cod-liver 
 oil, consisting of pure olive-oil and 6% of 
 oleic 'acid. The dose is from 2 to 6 table- 
 spoonfuls daily. 
 
 Liparocele (lip'-ar-o-sel) [X'cnoc, fat; ktjXt), a 
 tumor]. A fatty tumor or cyst; a hernia 
 containing fatty tissue. 
 
 Lipase (lip'-az) [X'ctxoc, fat]. A fat-splitting 
 enzym contained in the pancreatic juice, 
 blood-plasma, and in many plants. 
 
 Lipemia (lip-e' -me-ah) [Xtnoc, fat; alp.a, blood]. 
 The presence of an emulsion of fine oil- 
 globules in the blood, a condition sometimes 
 found in diabetes. 
 
 Liphemia, Liphaemia (li-fe' -me-ah). See 
 Oligemia. 
 
 Lipiodol (lip-i'-o-dol). An oil containing 40% 
 of iodin in each cubic centimeter. 
 
 Lipliawsky's Test. See under Test. 
 
 Lipo- (lip-o-) [Xcnoc, fat]. A prefix meaning fat 
 or fatty. 
 
 Lipobromol (lip-o-bro'-mol). Oil of poppy- 
 seed combined with 33.3% of bromin; a 
 bland, almost tasteless preparation. 
 
 Lipocardiac (lip-o-kar' -de-ak) [lipo-; aapd'ca, 
 the heart]. Pertaining to a fatty heart. 
 
 Lipochrome (lip'-o-krom) [lipo-; %p<Jbp.a, color]. 
 Any one of a special group of fatty pigments 
 found in animal tissues. 
 
 Lipofibroma (lip -o-fi- bro' - mah) [lipo-; 
 fibroma']. A combined fatty and fibrous 
 tumor. 
 
 Lipogenesis (lip-o-jen'-es-is) '[lipo-; ykvzotc, 
 birth]. The formation or deposit of fat. 
 
 Lipogenin (lip-of-en-in). An ointment-base 
 occurring in solid and liquid form, said to 
 consist of a mixture of fatty acids. 
 
 Lipolysis (Up-oV -is-is) [lipo-; XUcv, to loose]. 
 The decomposition of fat. 
 
 Lipolytic (lip-ol-it'-ik). Fat-splitting. 
 
 Lipoma (lip-o' -mah) [lipo-; bfia, a tumor]. 
 A fatty tumor. L., Diffuse, a tumor consist- 
 ing of an irregular mass of fatty tissue without 
 a capsule. L. mixtum, a fatty tumor, the 
 thick capsule of which causes it to resemble 
 fibrous growths. L., Osseous, a fatty 
 tumor the fibrous septums of which have be- 
 come ossified. 
 
 Lipomatosis (lip-o-mat-o' -sis) [lipoma]. A gen- 
 eral deposition of fat; obesity. 
 
 Lipomatous (lip-o' -mat-us) . Of the nature 
 of a lipoma. 
 
 Lipomphalus (lip-om'-fa-lus) [lipo-; 6p.<f>aX6c, 
 the navel]. A fatty umbilical hernia. 
 
 Lipomyoma (lip-o'-mi-o'-mah) [lipo-; my- 
 oma]. A myoma with fatty elements. 
 
 Lipomyxoma (lip-o-miks-o' -mah) [lipo-; myx- 
 oma]. A myxoma combined with fatty tissues. 
 
 Lipophrenia (lip-o- j re' -ne-ah) [XeiTcecv, to fail; 
 4>prjv, mind]. Failure of mental capacity. 
 
 Lipopsychia (lip-o-si'-ke-ah). See Asthenia. 
 
 Liporhodin (lip-o-ro'-din) [lipo-; podov, a 
 rose]. A red -colored lipochrome. 
 
 Liposarcoma (lip-o-sar-ko'-mah) [lipo-; sar- 
 coma]. Sarcoma with fatty elements. 
 
 Liposic (lip' -o-sik) . See Lipolytic. 
 
 Lipothymia (lip -o-thi' -me-ah) [Xdizuv, to fail; 
 dup.bc, life]. Faintness. 
 
 Lipotrichia (lip-o-trik' -e-ah) [XetTzeiv, to fail; 
 dp't£, hair]. Falling out of the hair. 
 
 Lipoxanthin (lip-o-zan' -thin) [lipo-; xanthin]. 
 A yellow lipochrome. 
 
 Lipoxeny (lip-oks'-en-e) [Xe'cnecv, to fail; Hvoc, 
 a host]. Desertion of a host by a parasite. 
 
 Lipoxysm (lip-oks'-izm) [lipo-; 6$uc, sharp]. 
 Poisoning by means of oleic acid. 
 
 Lippitude, Lippitudo (lip'-e-tud, lip-e-tu'-do) 
 [lip pus, blear-eyed]. The state of being 
 blear-eyed, a condition marked by ulcerative 
 marginal blepharitis. 
 
 Lipuria (lip-u' -re-ah) [X'cizoc, fat; ohpov, urine]. 
 The presence of fat in the urine. 
 
 Liquarium (lik-wa' -re-um) [liquarius, per- 
 taining to liquids]. Simple syrup of sugar. 
 
 Liquate (lik'-wat) [liquare, to make liquid]. To 
 liquefy. 
 
 Liquefacient (lik-we-fa' -shent) [liquefaciens, 
 liquefying]. 1. Having the power to liquefy 
 or soften. 2. An agent which has the power 
 to liquefy a hard deposit or growth. 
 
 Liquefaction (lik-we-fak'-shun) [see Lique- 
 facient]. The process of changing or being 
 changed into a liquid. L. -necrosis. See 
 Necrosis, Liquef active. 
 
 Liquefactive (lik-we-fak' -tiv) [see Liquefacient]. . 
 Pertaining to, causing, or characterized by 
 liquefaction. 
 
 Liquescent (lik-wes'-ent) [liquescere, to become 
 liquid]. Becoming, or tending to become, 
 liquid. 
 
 Liqueur (le-ker) [Ft.]. An aromatic alcoholic 
 drink. 
 
 Liquid (lik'-wid) [liquere, to melt]. 1. Fluid; 
 flowing. 2. A substance that flows readily 
 and takes the shape of the containing vessel. 
 
 Liquidambar (lik-wid-am' -bar) [liquid; ambar, 
 from Ar., anbar, ambergris]. A genus of 
 trees of the H amamelidece. L. altingia and 
 L. orientalis are species that afford a portion 
 of commercial styrax. L. styraciflua, of North 
 America, contains a stimulant gum, and is 
 useful in diarrheas, coughs, and colds. Syn., 
 Bilsted; Copalm; Sweet-gum. 
 
 Liquor (li'-kwor, lik'-or) [L.J. 1. Any liquid. 
 2. An aqueous solution of a nonvolatile 
 substance. L. amnii, the liquid contained 
 in the amniotic sac. L. amnii spurius, the 
 oxidation products formed by the wolffian 
 bodies contained as a fluid in the sac of the 
 allantois. Syn., Allantoic fluid. L. carbonis 
 detergens, a mixture of coal-tar and tincture 
 of soap-bark. L. carnis ferropeptonatus. 
 See Carnijerrol. L. cotunnii, the perilymph 
 
LIRELLATE 
 
 LITHIUM 
 
 of the internal ear. L. folliculi, the fluid 
 filling the follicle or space about the develop- 
 ing ovum in the ovary. L. sanguinis, the 
 blood-plasma. 
 
 Lirellate {lir'-el-at) [lira, a ridge]. Marked 
 with linear ridges or furrows; ridge-like; 
 furrow-like. 
 
 Lirelliform, Lirelline, Lirellous {lir'-el-e- 
 form, lir' -el-en, -us). See Lirellate. 
 
 Lisfranc's Amputation [Lisjranc, a French 
 surgeon]. A disarticulation of the metatarsal 
 bones from the tarsus. L.'s Joint, the 
 tarsometatarsal articulation. L.'s Tubercle, 
 a rough spot on the anterior surface of the first 
 rib near the superior border. It serves for 
 the attachment of the scalenus anticus 
 muscle. 
 
 Lisping {lisp'-ing) [AS., wlispian, to lisp]. A 
 defect of speech in which sibilant letters are 
 sounded like Unguals, especially s as th. 
 
 Lissauer's Tract [Lissauer, a German scientist]. 
 The narrow bridge of white substance between 
 the apex of the posterior horn and the per- 
 iphery of the spinal cord; it is traversed by 
 some of the root-fibers. Syn., Lissauer's 
 marginal zone. 
 
 Lissencephalous {lis-en-sef-al'-us) [Xcoaoc, 
 smooth; kyuk^aXoc, the brain]. Having a brain 
 with few or no convolutions. 
 
 Listerine (lis'-ter-in) [Lister, an English 
 physician]. A proprietary antiseptic prepa- 
 ration said to contain thymol, eucalyptus, 
 baptisia, gaultheria, mentha arvensis, benzoic 
 and boric acids. A similar preparation is the 
 liquor antisepticus of the U. S. P. 
 
 Listerism {lis'-ter-izm). A general name for 
 the antiseptic and aseptic treatment of wounds 
 according to the principles first enunciated by 
 Lister, an English physician. 
 
 Listing's Law [Listing, a German scientist]. 
 When the line of sight passes from its primary 
 position into any other position, the angle 
 of rotation of the eyeball in this second position 
 is the same as if the eyeball had been rotated 
 about a fixed axis, perpendicular to both the 
 first and the second direction of the line of 
 sight. L.'s Plane y the vertical transverse 
 plane perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis 
 of the eyeball, which passes through the center 
 of motion of the eyes and in which lie the verti- 
 cal and transverse axes of normal voluntary 
 rotation. L.'s Reduced Eye. See Eye, 
 Diagrammatic. 
 
 Listol {lis'-tol). An antiseptic said to consist of 
 thymol and iodin. 
 
 Liter {le'-ter) [litra, a pound]. The unit of 
 capacity in the metric system, equal to 
 0.88036 of an imperial quart, or 1.056 U. S. 
 quarts; it is the volume of one kilogram 
 of water at its maximum density. 
 
 Lithagog (lith'-ag-og) [X'cdoc, a stone; dyioyoc, 
 leading]. 1. Expelling calculi. 2. Any agent 
 tending to expel calculi from the bladder. 
 
 Lithangiuria {lith-an-je-u'-re-ah) [X'cdoc, a stone; 
 djye'cov, vessel; oupov, urine]. A diseased con- 
 dition of the urinary tract due to the presence 
 of calculi. 
 
 Litharge {lith'-arj). See Plumbi oxidum under 
 Plumbum. 
 
 Lithargyrium {lith-ar-ji' -re-um) . Litharge. 
 
 Lithargyrius {lith-ar-ji' -re-us) [L.]. A litharge 
 of a yellowish hue; gold litharge. 
 
 Lithargyrum {lith-ar' -ji-rum) [L.]. Litharge. 
 
 Lithargyrus {lith-ar 1 '-ji-rus) [L.]. Litharge, 
 particularly silver litharge. 
 
 Lithate {lith'-at) [Xcdoc, a stone]. A salt of lithic 
 (uric) acid; a urate. 
 
 Lithecboly (lith-ek' -bo-le) [X'cdoc, a stone; 
 Ik^oXtj, a throwing out]. Expulsion of a cal- 
 culus by contraction of the bladder and dila- 
 tion of its neck. 
 
 Lithectasy {lith-ek' -tas-e) [X'cdoc, a stone; 'inmate, 
 a stretching out]. Dilation of the urethra 
 and neck of the bladder for the removal of 
 calculi. 
 
 Lithemia {lith-e' -me-ah) [X'cdoc, a stone; al/ia, 
 blood]. A condition in which, owing to de- 
 fective metabolism of the nitrogenous ele- 
 ments, the blood becomes charged with dele- 
 terious substances, principally, perhaps, of 
 the uric-acid group, although their exact 
 chemic nature is not determined. 
 
 Lithemic {lith-e' -mik) [lithemia]. Pertaining to 
 or suffering from lithemia. 
 
 Lithepsy {lith-ep'-se). See Lithodialysis. 
 
 Lithia {lith'-e-ah) [lithium], Li 2 0. Lithium 
 oxid. L. -water, mineral water containing 
 lithium salts in solution. 
 
 Lithiasis {lith-i' -as-is) [Xcdoc, a stone]. The 
 formation of calculi in the body. 
 
 Lithic {lith'-ik). 1. Pertaining to calculi. 2. 
 Pertaining to lithium. L. Acid. See Acid, 
 Uric. 
 
 Lithiopiperazin ilith-e-o-pip' -er-az-in) . A 
 combination of lithium and piperazin which 
 forms a granular powder readily soluble in 
 water. It is antiarthritic. Dose 15-45 gr. 
 (1-3 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Lithium {lith'-e-um) [Xcdoc, a stone]. Symbol 
 Li; atomic weight 7; quantivalence I. A 
 soft, silver-white metal belonging to the 
 group of alkalis. It is the lightest solid 
 element, having a specific gravity of 0.585. 
 The salts of lithium are used in medicine for 
 their solvent power of uric acid, with which 
 they form easily soluble salts. They are, 
 therefore, employed in rheumatic and gouty 
 affections. L. Acetate, LiC 2 H 3 2 + 2H 2 0, 
 colorless crystals soluble in water; diuretic. 
 Dose 8-24 gr. (0.52-1.6 Gm.). L. Arsenate, 
 2Li 3 As0 4 + H 2 0, an alterative. Dose g 1 ^- 
 Yg gr. (0.001-0.004 Gm.). L. Benzoate 
 {lithii benzoas, U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 gr. 
 (0.32-2.0 Gm.). L. Bitartrate, LiC 4 - 
 H 5 6 .H 2 0. It is diuretic and laxative, and is 
 used in gout. Dose 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.). L. 
 Bromid {lithii bromidum, U. S. P.), has the 
 action of the bromids. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 
 Gm.). L. Carbonate {lithii carbonas, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). L.-car- 
 min, a solution of carmin in lithium carbon- 
 ate, used as a stain for tissue. L. Citrate 
 {lithii citras, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65- 
 2.0 Gm.). L. Citrate, Effervescent {lithii 
 
LITHO- 
 
 570 
 
 LITMUS 
 
 citras effervescens, U. S. P.). Dose i dr. 
 (4 Gm.) . L. Dithiosalicylate, Li 2 C 14 H 8 S 2 6 , 
 used in gout and rheumatism. Dose 3-10 
 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.). L.-diuretin. Same as 
 Uropherin. L. Formate, LiCH0 2 + H 2 0; 
 used in rheumatism and gout. Dose § oz. 
 (15 Cc.) 1% aqueous solution. L. Glycer- 
 inophosphate, L. Glycerophosphate, Li 2 - 
 P0 4 C 3 H 5 (OH) 2 ; a nerve-tonic. Dose 8-15 
 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). L. Jodate, LiI0 3 , used in 
 gout. Dose 1^-3 gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.). L. Iodid, 
 Lil, used in chronic sciatica and gout. Dose 
 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.32 Gm.). L. Salicylate (lithii 
 salicylas, U. S. P.). Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3- 
 
 2.6 Gm.). L. Sozoiodolate, C 6 H 2 ^ =l 2 
 
 x So 3 Li, 
 white plates; used as an antiseptic. L. Sul- 
 foichthyolate, used in rheumatism. Dose 
 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). L. Valerate, L. Valerian- 
 ate, LiC 5 H 9 C> 2 , antispasmodic, antilithic. 
 Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Litho- (lith-o-) [Xldoc, a stone]. A prefix denot- 
 ing relation to stone or to calculi. 
 
 Lithobiotic (lith-o-bi-ot'-ik). See Cryptobiotic. 
 
 Lithocenosis (lith-o-sen-o'-sis) \litho-; nkvojocc;, 
 evacuation]. The extraction of the fragments 
 of calculi that have been crushed. 
 
 Lithoclast (lith'-o-klast). See Lithotrite. 
 
 Lithoclysmia (lith-o-kliz' -me-ah) [litho-; nXi>o- 
 pta, clyster]. An injection of solvent liquids 
 into the bladder for the removal of calculi. 
 
 Lithodialysis {lith-o -di-al' -is-is) [litho-; dta- 
 Xuetv, to dissolve]. 1. The solution of calculi 
 in the bladder. 2. The operation of break- 
 ing a vesical calculus previous to its removal. 
 
 Lithofellic (lith-o- f el' -ik) [litho-; }el, the 
 gall-bladder]. Relating to biliary lithiasis. 
 
 Litholapaxy (lith-oV -ap-ak-se) [litho-; Xaiza^tg, 
 removal]. An operation for crushing a 
 stone in the bladder and removing the frag- 
 ments at the same sitting. 
 
 Lithology (lith-ol'-o-je) [litho-; Xoyoc, science]. 
 The science of the nature and treatment of 
 calculi. 
 
 Litholysis (lith-oV -is-is) . See Lithodialysis. 
 
 Lithonephrosis (lith-o-nef-ro'-sis). See Neph- 
 rolithiasis. 
 
 Lithonephrotomy (lith-o-nef-rof '-o-me) [litho-; 
 vecfipoe, kidney; rofir], a cutting]. Incision 
 of the kidney for the removal of a renal cal- 
 culus 
 
 Lithopedion (lith-o-pc' -de-on) [litho-; nacdiov, 
 child]. A retained fetus that has under- 
 gone calcareous infiltration. 
 
 Lithophone (lith'-o-fon) [litho-; cfytovr], sound]. 
 An instrument for detecting by sound the 
 presence of calculi in the bladder. 
 
 Lithoscope (lith'-o-skop) [litho-; onone'cv, to 
 examine]. An instrument for the detection 
 and examination of calculi in the bladder. 
 
 Lithosis (lith-o' -sis) [X'cdog, a stone]. A diseased 
 condition of the lung caused by the inhalation 
 and deposition in the lung tissue of particles 
 of silica or aluminium silicate. Syn., Grind- 
 ers' lung. 
 
 Lithotome (lith'-o-tom) [litho-; tojj.7], a cut- 
 
 ting]. A cutting-instrument for use in 
 lithotomy. 
 
 Lithotomist (lith-of -o-mist) [see Lithotome]. A 
 surgeon who performs lithotomy. 
 
 Lithotomy (lith-of -o-me) [see Lithotome]. 
 Incision into the bladder to remove a 
 calculus. L., Bilateral, a lithotomy per- 
 formed by a curved transverse incision just 
 in front of the rectum. L., Italian, median 
 lithotomy. L., Lateral, one in which the 
 incision is made in front of the rectum and 
 to the left of the raphe. L., Lithontriptic, 
 a perineal incision following lithotrity for re- 
 moval of debris of calculi. L., Median, L., 
 Marian, one in which the incision is made 
 in the median line in front of the anus. L., 
 Mediolateral, that in which the perineal in- 
 cision is made in the median line, and the pros- 
 tatic incision laterally. L. Position, a position 
 in which the patient rests on his back with the 
 thighs flexed on the abdomen and the legs flexed 
 on the thighs, the knees being widely ab- 
 ducted. L., Quadrilateral, a modification 
 of bilateral lithotomy with four incisions of 
 the prostate. L., Spontaneous, expulsion of 
 a calculus by ulceration through the bladder 
 and perineum. L., Suprapubic, lithotomy 
 in which the incision is made above the 
 pubis, at a point where the bladder is not 
 covered by peritoneum. L., Vaginal, one 
 in which the incision is through the vaginal 
 wall. 
 
 Lithotripsy (lith'-o-trip-se) [litho-; rpifteiv, to 
 crush]. The operation of crushing calculi 
 in the bladder. 
 
 Lithotriptic (lith-o-trip'-tik) [see Lithotripsy]. 
 1. Relating to lithotripsy. 2. Capable of dis- 
 solving vesical calculi. 
 
 Lithotriptor (lith-o-trip' -tor) [see Lithotripsy]. 
 An instrument for crushing calculi in the 
 bladder. 
 
 Lithotrite (lith'-o-trit) [litho-; terere, to rub]. 
 An instrument for crushing a vesical cal- 
 culus. 
 
 Lithotrity (lith-of -rit-e) [see Lithotrite]. The 
 process of crushing a stone in the bladder, 
 with the lithotrite, into fragments small 
 enough to pass through the urethral canal. 
 
 Lithous (lith'-us). Having the nature of a 
 stone. 
 
 Lithuresis (lith-u-re'-sis) [Xcdoc i a stone; ouprjocg, 
 urination]. The voiding of small calculi with 
 the urine. 
 
 Lithureteria (lith-u-re-te'-re-ah) [XWof, a stone; 
 odprjxrjp, a ureter]. A diseased condition of 
 the ureter due to ttie presence of calculi. 
 
 Lithuria (lith-u' -re-ah) [lithium; odpov, urine]. 
 A condition marked by excess of lithic acid 
 or its salts in the urine. 
 
 Litmus (lif-mus) [Dutch, lak, lac; moes, pulp]. 
 A blue pigment obtained from Roccella tine- 
 tor ia, a lichen. It is employed for deter- 
 mining the presence of acids and alkalis. L.- 
 paper. Blue, unsized paper steeped in a 
 solution of litmus; it turns red on contact 
 with acid solutions. L. -paper, Red, un- 
 sized colored paper steeped in a solution of 
 
LITSEA 
 
 571 
 
 LOBE 
 
 litmus colored red with acid; it turns blue on 
 contact with alkaline solutions. 
 
 Litsea (lit'-se-ah) [Japanese]. A 'genus of 
 plants of the order Laurineoe. L. cubeba is 
 used as a condiment and stomachic. L. 
 trinervia is a species resembling myrrh. The 
 entire plant has stimulant and diuretic prop- 
 erties. The root is used as a vermifuge and 
 emmenagog. The berries yield an oil used 
 as a remedy in skin diseases and on old 
 wounds. 
 
 Litten's Sign. Retraction of the lateral por- 
 tion of the thorax, where the diaphragm is 
 inserted, the retracted portions being low- 
 ered "during inspiration and rising during 
 expiration. It is absent in pleuritic adhe- 
 sions, effusion into the pleural cavity, em- 
 physema, etc. Syn., Diaphragmatic phe- 
 nomenon. . 
 
 Litter {lit'-er) [lectus, a couch]. A stretcher or 
 couch with handles for carrying the sick or 
 wounded. 
 
 Little's Disease. Congenital muscular rigid- 
 ity; spastic cerebral diplegia of infancy. 
 
 Littre's Colotomy. The making of an open- 
 ing into the colon through the left iliac region. 
 L.'s Glands. See Glands, Littre's. L.'s Her- 
 nia. See Hernia, Littre's. L.'s Sinus, the 
 transverse sinus. 
 
 Lituate {lit f -u-at) [lituus, an augur's staff]. 
 Forked, with the points bent slightly outward. 
 
 Livedo {liv-e'-do) [livere, to grow black]. Same 
 as Lividity. 
 
 Liver (liv' -er) [AS., lifer]. The largest 
 gland in the body, situated on the right side 
 of the abdominal cavity, just below the dia- 
 phragm, and forming an appendage of the 
 digestive tract. Its functions are: the secre- 
 tion of bile; the formation and storage of 
 glycogen; the production, at least at a certain 
 period of development, of blood-corpuscles; 
 the destruction of blood-corpuscles; the for- 
 mation of a large quantity of urea; the re- 
 tention and destruction of certain poisonous 
 substances absorbed from the intestinal tract. 
 Anatomically, it consists of five lobes — the 
 right, the left, the lobus spigelii, the lobus 
 quadratus, and the lobus caudatus. These 
 lobes are made up of lobules or acini, and 
 these again of hepatic cells, capillaries, ar- 
 teries, veins, lymphatics, and biliary chan- 
 nels, each lobule being surrounded by con- 
 nective tissue. The weight of the liver is 
 between 50 and 60 ounces. L., Albuminoid. 
 See L., Amyloid. L., Amyloid, one the seat 
 of amyloid degeneration. L., Beavertail, one 
 the left lobe of which resembles in form a 
 beaver's tail. L., Biliary Cirrhotic, one the 
 seat of chronic inflammation, the result of ob- 
 struction and distention of the bile-ducts. L., 
 Cardiac, hepatic congestion with pulsation 
 accompanied by disease of the right side of the 
 heart. L., Cirrhotic, one the seat of chronic 
 inflammation, with overgrowth of the connec- 
 tive tissue and atrophy of the parenchyma. 
 L., Fatty, one with marked fatty infiltration 
 and degeneration. L., Floating, a movable 
 
 condition of the liver, with displacement. 
 L., Foam-, a liver containing many gas-filled 
 cavities which give it a spongy or foamy tex- 
 ture. It is due to Bacillus aero genes cap- 
 sulars . L., Gin-drinkers', the liver of atro- 
 phic cirrhosis. L., Hobnail. See Hobnail 
 Liver. L., Icing-. See Icing-liver. L., 
 Nutmeg, a condition of the liver occurring 
 in heart disease, fatty infiltration, and amy- 
 loid disease. The surface of a section has a 
 peculiar mottled appearance, the center of 
 the lobules being dark, the periphery light, 
 in color. L., Scrofulous, an albuminoid 
 liver. L.-spot, chloasma. L., Syphilitic, 
 one the seat of gummas, which, on healing, 
 leave scars, or of a diffuse inflammation that 
 may lead to cirrhosis, with atrophy or, espe- 
 cially in hereditary syphilis, enlargement. 
 L., Tightlace, one in which the right lobe 
 is thickened vertically from compression, 
 marked by the ribs, and atrophic from con- 
 stant pressure by tight stays. Syn., Corset- 
 liver. L.,Waxy. See L., Amyloid. 
 
 Liverwort (liv' '-er-wert) . See Hepatica. 
 
 Livid {liv' -id) [livere, to be dark]. Discolored 
 
 ' from the effects of congestion or contusion; 
 black and blue; pale lead-color. 
 
 Lividity {liv -id' '-it-e) [livid]. The state of be- 
 ing livid. L., Cadaveric, L., Postmortem, 
 the reddish or bluish discoloration in the de- 
 pendent parts of a corpse, due to the gravi- 
 tation of the blood. 
 
 Livor {li'-vor) [livid]. Lividity. 
 
 Lixiviation {liks-iv-e-a f -shun) [see Lixivium]. 
 The process of leaching ashes. Also, the 
 process of separating by solution any alkaline 
 salt from the insoluble impurities with which 
 it is mixed. 
 
 Lixivium {liks-iv' -e-um) [lixivia, lye]. The 
 filtrate obtained by leaching ashes; practi- 
 cally a solution of an impure potassium hy- 
 droxid. 
 
 Llareta {lar-e'-tah) . A remedy recommended in 
 the treatment of blennorrhagia, said to be the 
 fluidextract of Haplopappus slareta, of Chili. 
 
 Lobar {lo'-bar). Pertaining to a lobe. L. 
 Pneumonia. See Pneumonia, Lobar. 
 
 Lobate ilo'-bat). Having lobes. 
 
 Lobe {lob) [lobus, a lobe]. A more or less 
 rounded part or projection of an organ, sep- 
 arated from neighboring parts by fissures and 
 constrictions, as the lobes of the liver, of 
 the brain, etc. L.s of the Cerebellum, each 
 cerebellar hemisphere is divided into the 
 following lobes: on the upper surface, the 
 anterior or square lobe and the posterior or 
 semilunar lobe; on the under surface, the 
 flocculus or subpeduncular lobe, the amyg- 
 dala or tonsil, the digastric lobe, the slender 
 lobe, and the inferior posterior lobe. L.s of 
 the Cerebrum, the primary lobes into which 
 each cerebral hemisphere is divided ; they are : 
 the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporosphe- 
 noid, and central, or island of Reil. See Brain 
 and Convolution. L.s of the Liver. See 
 Liver. L., Marginal, the first frontal con- 
 volution running along the margin of the 
 
LOBELIA 
 
 572 
 
 LOCOMOTIVE 
 
 longitudinal fissure. L.s, Optic, the corpora 
 quadrigemina. 
 
 Lobelia (lo-be'-le-ah) [from de Lobel, a French 
 botanist]. The lobelia of the U. S. P. is the 
 leaves and tops of L. inflata, of the order Lo- 
 beliacecB. It contains a liquid alkaloid, lobelin; 
 an acid, lobelic acid; an acrid body, lobelacrin; 
 and a crystalline substance, inflatin. Lobelia 
 is expectorant, antispasmodic, and emetic, and 
 has been used in asthma, whooping-cough, 
 and other bronchial affections. A North 
 American species, L. syphilitica, has been 
 used as an antisyphilitic. L., Fluidextract 
 of ((fluidextr -actum lobelice, U. S. P.), an 
 acetic acid menstruum. Dose 8 min. (0.5 
 Cc). L., Tincture of {tinctura lobelice, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Lobelin (lo-be'-lin) ' [lobelia]. 1. A precipi- 
 tate from the tincture of Lobelia inflata; an 
 emetic, nervine, antispasmodic, resolvent, and 
 relaxant. Dose, as an emetic, 1-3 gr. (0.6- 
 0.2 Gm.) in warm water, repeated in 10 
 minutes if necessary; as a diaphoretic and 
 expectorant, \-\ gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.). 2. 
 An actively poisonous alkaloid from Lobelia 
 inflata. L. Hydrobromate, used in pseudo- 
 angina pectoris and asthma. Dose, adults, 
 f-6 gr. (0.05-0.4 Gm.) daily; children, ^-f 
 gr. (0.01-0.05 Gm.) daily. L. Sulfate, used 
 in asthma, epilepsy, etc. Dose 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.) 
 daily, gradually increasing to 3-8 gr. (0.2- 
 0.52 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Lobengulism (lo-ben'-gu-lizm). A condition 
 marked by a general increase of subcutaneous 
 fat, associated with partial or complete abey- 
 ance of sexual function. In men there is an 
 enlargement of the mammary glands with 
 failure of sexual appetite, and in women a 
 cessation of menstruation. 
 
 Lobstein's Cancer. Retroperitoneal sarcoma. 
 L.'s Disease, osteopsathyrosis; fragility of 
 the bones. L.'s Ganglion, a small gangli- 
 form swelling of the great splanchnic nerve 
 a short distance above the diaphragm. 
 
 Lobular ilob'-u-lar) [lobulus]. Pertaining to, 
 resembling, or composed of lobules. L. 
 Pneumonia, bronchopneumonia. 
 
 Lobulated (lob' -u-la-ted) [lobule']. Consisting 
 of lobes or lobules. 
 
 Lobule (lob'-uV) [see Lobulus]. A small lobe. L., 
 Cuneate. SeeCuneus. L., Fusiform, the sub- 
 collateral gyrus. L., Paracentral, the superior 
 connecting convolution of the ascending frontal 
 and ascending parietal gvri. L., Parietal, 
 one of the two parts (inferior and superior) 
 into which the parietal lobe is divided by the 
 horizontal portion of the intraparietal fissure. 
 
 Lobulus ilob'-u-lus) [dim. of lobus; pi., lobuli]. 
 A lobule. L. caudatus, the tailed lobe of 
 the liver that separates the right extremity of 
 the transverse fissure from the commencement 
 of the fissure for the inferior vena cava. L. 
 quadratus, the square lobe upon the inferior 
 surface of the right lobe of the liver. Lobuli 
 renalis, the malpighian pyramids. L. spig- 
 elii, the lobule projecting from the posterior 
 portion of the inferior surface of the liver. 
 
 Lobuli testiculi, L. testis, pyramidal or 
 conoid lobules varying in size and number 
 (250-400) and converging to the mediastinum, 
 which make up the glandular substance of 
 the testis. Each lobule consists of from one 
 to six seminiferous tubules. 
 
 Lobus (lo'-bus) [L.]. A lobe. 
 
 Local (lo'-kal). Limited to a part or place; 
 not general. 
 
 Localization (lo-kal-iz-a' -shun) [local]. 1. 
 The determination of the seat of a lesion. 
 2. The limitation of a process to a particular 
 place; the opposite of generalization. 3. The 
 faculty of locating sensory impressions. L., 
 Cerebral, the determination of the position 
 of the centers in the brain that preside over 
 certain physiologic acts or of the seat of patho- 
 logic conditions interfering with the proper 
 function of these centers. L . , Experimental , 
 the localization of brain-centers 'through ex- 
 periments on animals. 
 
 Localized (lo'-kal-tzd). Confined to a partic- 
 ular place. 
 
 Lochia (lo'-ke-ah) [hbxtoc, pertaining to child- 
 birth]. The discharge from the genital 
 organs during the first few weeks (from two to 
 four) after labor. L. alba, the whitish flow that 
 takes place from about the seventh day. L. 
 cruenta, L. rubra, the sanguineous flow of 
 the first few days. L. serosa, the serous dis- 
 charge taking place about the fifth day. 
 
 Lochial (lo'-ke-al) [lochia]. Pertaining to the 
 lochia. 
 
 Lochiometra (lo-ke-o-me'-trah) [lochia; pyppa, 
 uterus]. A collection of lochia in the uterus. 
 
 Lochiorrhea {lo-ke-or-e' -ah) [lochia; po'ca, a 
 flow]. An abnormal flow of the lochia. 
 
 Lockard's Treatment of Typhoid. Continu- 
 ous application of ice-bags to the axillas, pop- 
 liteal spaces, back of neck, wrist, and ankle, 
 to reduce temperature. 
 
 Lock-finger. A peculiar affection of the fin- 
 gers in which they suddenly become fixed in 
 a flexed position, due to the presence of a 
 small fibrous growth in the sheath of the ex- 
 tensor tendon. 
 
 Lockjaw. Tetanus; trismus. 
 
 Lock-spasm. A spasm of the fingers in 
 which they become firmly flexed upon the 
 object in their grasp, as upon the pen in 
 writing. It is sometimes seen in writer's 
 cramp. 
 
 Lockwood's Ligament. The suspensory liga- 
 ment of the eyeball, a curved fibrous band 
 connected with Tenon's capsule, and support- 
 ing the eyeball on each side of the orbit. 
 
 Loco \lo r -ko) [Sp., "crazy"]. Loco-weed, 
 various species of leguminous plants poison- 
 ous to cattle and horses. L. -disease, a local 
 epizootic disease of cattle and horses induced 
 by eating any of the plants called loco. 
 
 Locoism (lo' '-ko-izm) . See Loco-disease. 
 
 Locomotive (lo-ko-mo'-tiv) [locus, a place; 
 movere, to move]. Moving from place to 
 place; able to change its place; pertaining 
 to locomotion. L. Pulse. See Corrigan's 
 Pulse. 
 
LOCOMOTOR 
 
 573 
 
 LORDOSIS 
 
 Locomotor (lo-ko-mo 1 '-tor) [locus, a place ; motor, 
 a mover]. Pertaining to locomotion. L. 
 Ataxia, L. Ataxy. See Ataxia, Locomotor, 
 and Tabes. 
 
 Locular, Loculated (lok'-u-lar, lok' -u-la-ted) 
 [loculus]. Divided into loculi. 
 
 Loculus (lok'-u-lus) [dim. of locus; pi., loculi]. 
 A small space or compartment. 
 
 Locus (lo'-kus) [L.]. A place, spot, or organ. 
 L. cinereus, L. caeruleus, L. ferrugineus, 
 a bluish-tinted eminence on the fasciculi 
 teretes of the fourth ventricle of the brain. 
 L. minoris resistentiae,a spot of diminished 
 resistance. L. niger, a dark area in the center 
 of a section of the crus cerebri. L. per- 
 foratus, a name given to the anterior and 
 the posterior perforated space at the base 
 of the brain through which blood-vessels pass. 
 L. ruber, the red nucleus of the tegmentum. 
 
 Loebisch's Formula. The product obtained 
 by multiplying the last two figures of the 
 specific gravity of the urine by 2.2 indi- 
 cates the number of grams of solids in 1000 
 Cc. of urine. 
 
 Loemer's Alkaline Solution. A mixture of 
 30 parts of a concentrated alcoholic solution 
 of methylene-blue and 100 parts of a 1 : 10,000 
 aqueous solution of potassium hydro xid. L.'s 
 Bacillus, the bacillus of diphtheria. See 
 under Bacteria. L.'s Blood-serum Mixture, 
 a mixture consisting of one part of neutral 
 meat -infusion bouillon containing 1 % of glu- 
 cose and three parts of blood-serum; it is 
 used as a culture-medium. L.'s Toluol Solu- 
 tion, a solution recommended by Loeffler for 
 the local treatment of diphtheria. It consists 
 of menthol, 10 Gm.; toluol, sufficient to make 
 36 Cc; absolute alcohol, 60 Cc; solution 
 of ferric chlorid, 4 Cc. Another formula is: 
 menthol, 10 Gm.; toluol, sufficient to make 
 36 Cc; creolin, 2 Cc; absolute alcohol, 65 Cc. 
 
 Loeffleria (lef-le'-re-ah). A disease marked by 
 the presence of Bacillus diphtheria, Klebs and 
 Loeffler, without diphtheric symptoms. 
 
 Loehlein's Diameter. The distance between 
 the center of the subpubic ligament and the 
 anterosuperior angle of the great sacrosciatic 
 foramen. 
 
 Lcemology (lem-ol f -o-je) . See Loimology. 
 
 Loewe's Ring. A bright circle which may 
 appear in the visual field when the illumina- 
 tion is changed from blue to white. It sur- 
 rounds the position of the dark ring that 
 marks the macula lutea. 
 
 Loewenberg's Canal. See Canal, Loewenberg's. 
 
 Loewenthal's Reaction. The agglutination 
 of Spirochetes obermeieri, Cohn, by the blood- 
 serum of an individual affected with relapsing 
 fever. L.'s Test for Glucose, a glucose 
 solution boiled with a solution of ferric chlorid, 
 dissolved in tartaric acid and sodium carbon- 
 ate, becomes dark and deposits an abundant 
 precipitate of iron oxid. This test is not 
 applicable to urine. L„'s Tract, the. de- 
 scending anterolateral tract of the spinal cord. 
 
 Loewitt's Bodies. See Lymphogonia. 
 
 Logagnosia, Logagnosis (log-ag-no'-ze-ah, -sis) 
 
 [Xoyoc, a word; d, priv.; yvojaic, a recognizing]. 
 
 Aphasia; word-blindness. 
 Logamnesia (log-am-ne' -ze-ah) [Xoyoc, a word; 
 
 a\ivf]ai.a, forgetfulness]. Word-deafness; word- 
 blindness. 
 Logo- (lo-go-) [Xoyoc, a word]. A prefix meaning 
 
 relating to words or speech. 
 Logokophosis (log-o-kof-o'-sis) [logo-; Koj^cooic, 
 
 deafness] . Word -deaf ness ; incapacity to under- 
 stand spoken language. 
 Logoneurosis (log-o-nu-ro' -sis) [logo-; neurosis]. 
 
 1. A neurosis marked by a speech-defect. 2. 
 
 A neurosis attended with impairment of the 
 
 mental powers. 
 Logopathy (log-op' -ath-e) [logo-; naOoc, disease]. 
 
 A disease affecting the speech. 
 Logoplegia (log-o-ple'-je-ah) [logo-; ' nh)fi), 
 
 stroke]* Loss of the power of uttering articu- 
 late speech. 
 Logorrhea (log-or-e'-ah) [logo-; po'ca, a flow]. 
 
 Excessive loquacity. 
 LogOSpasm (log'-o-spazm) [logo-; 071a.op.oc, 
 
 spasm]. Spasmodic enunciation of words. 
 Logwood (log'-wud). See Hematoxylon. 
 Loimology (loi-moV -o-je) [Xocp.bc, plague; Xoyoc, 
 
 science]. The science of contagious epi- 
 demic diseases. 
 Loin [lumbus, loin]. The lateral and posterior 
 
 region of the body between the false ribs and 
 
 the top of the pelvis. 
 Loka (lo'-ka). An arrow-poison, probably of 
 
 the nux vomica group. 
 Lombardy Leprosy. Pellagra. 
 London Paste. A caustic paste containing 
 
 equal parts of sodium hydroxid and unslaked 
 
 lime. 
 Longevity (lon-jev' '-it-e) [longa, long; vita, life]. 
 
 Long life. 
 Longissimus (lon-ji s' -im-us) [superl. of longus, 
 
 long]. Longest. L. capitis, L. cervicis. 
 
 See Trachelomastoid under Muscle. L. dorsi. 
 
 See under Muscle. 
 Longitudinal (Ion -je -tu' -din -at) [longitudo, 
 
 length]. Lengthwise; in the direction of the 
 
 long axis of a body. L. Fissure. See Fis- 
 sure, Interlobular. 
 Long-sightedness (long-sit 1 '-ed-nes) . See Hy- 
 . peropia. 
 Longus (lon'-gus) [L.]. Long. L. capitis, 
 
 the rectus capitis anticus major muscle. 
 
 L. colli. See under Muscle. 
 Loop [Irish and Gael., lub, a bend]. A bend in 
 
 a cord or cord-like structure. L. of Henle. 
 
 See Henle' s Loop. 
 Lophius (lo'-fe-us) [Xocpoc, a ridge]. The ridge 
 
 between two furrows or sulci of the ventricular 
 
 surface of the brain. 
 Lophocomous (lo-fok f -om-us) [Xocpoc, a tuft; 
 
 no pi), the hair of the head]. Having the hair 
 
 in tufts. 
 Lophotrichia (lo-fo-trik f -e-ah) . Bacteria with 
 
 lophotrichous ciliation. 
 Lophotrichous (lo-fot r -rik-us) [X6(poc, tuft; 6p?$, 
 
 hair]. Applied to that type of ciliation in 
 
 microorganisms characterized by a tuft of 
 
 flagella at each pole. 
 Lordosis (lor-do f -sis) [Xopdouv, to bend back]. 
 
LORENZ'S BLOODLESS OPERATION 574 
 
 LUMEN 
 
 A curvature of the spine with a forward 
 convexity. 
 
 Lorenz's Bloodless Operation. See Operation, 
 Lorenz's. L. Hip-redresseur, an apparatus 
 to correct faulty position and contraction of 
 joints and hold the limb while fixation band- 
 ages are applied. 
 
 Loreta's Operation, i. The forcible dila- 
 tion of the pylorus for the relief of stricture. 
 2. The treatment of aneurysm by the intro- 
 duction of metal wire into the sac, through 
 which an electric current is then passed. 
 
 Loretin (lor' -et-in) , C 9 H 6 I0 4 SN. A nontoxic 
 antiseptic used as a dusting-powder or in 
 5 to 10% ointment or in o.i to 0.2 % aqueous 
 solution. 
 
 Loripes (lor'-ip-ez) [lorum, a thong; pes, the 
 foot]. 1. Limber-footed. 2. Cropk-footed; 
 bandylegged. 3. Talipes varus. 
 
 Losophan (lo'-so-fan), C 7 H 5 I 8 0. A proprie- 
 tary powder used in parasitic dermatoses. 
 
 Lotio (lo'-she-o) [L.]. A lotion. L. hy- 
 drargyri flava (B. P.), yellow mercurial lo- 
 tion; yellow wash. L. hydrargyri nigra 
 (B. P.), black mercurial lotion; black wash. 
 
 Lotion (lo'-shun) [lotio]. A medicinal solution 
 for bathing a part; a wash. 
 
 Lotofiavin (lo-to-fla' -vin) . A yellow pigment 
 produced by the lysis of lotusin. 
 
 Lotus (lo'-tus) [Xcoxbc, the lotus]. A genus of 
 leguminous plants. L. arabicus yields a toxic 
 glucosid, lotusin, and a pigment, lotofiavin. 
 
 Lotusin (lo'-tus-in). A toxic glucosid in Lotus 
 arabicus; it is derived from maltose and gives 
 rise to prussic acid when acted upon by a 
 hydrolytic enzym. 
 
 Louis' Angle. An angular projection existing 
 in some individuals at the junction of the 
 manubrium and body of the sternum. Syn., 
 Angulus ludovici. L.'s Law, the lungs 
 always contain tubercles when tuberculosis 
 exists elsewhere in the body. 
 
 Louse (lows). See Pediculus. 
 
 Loutrotherapy (lu-tro-ther'-ap-e) [Xooxpoc, a 
 bath; 6 spans ca, therapy]. The therapeutic use 
 of artificial carbonated and Nauheim baths. 
 
 Lovage iluv'-af) [OF., levesche, from ligus- 
 ticum, lovage]. The root of Ligusticum 
 levisticum and Levisticum officinale, plants 
 of the order VmbellijercB. Lovage is stimu- 
 lant, aromatic, carminative, and emmenagog. 
 Dose of the fluidextract 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Lower, Tubercle of. See Tubercle of Lower. 
 
 Loxa Bark (loks'-ah). Pale cinchona; the bark 
 of Cinchona offichmlis. 
 
 Loxopterygium (loks-o-ter-ij' -e-um) [Aofof, ob- 
 lique; nxipu£, wing]. A genus of anacardiace- 
 ous trees. Th^ bark of L. lorentzii and L. 
 sagotii, the red quebracho, is used as a sub- 
 stitute for cinchona. 
 
 Lozenge (loz f -enj) [OF., losenge]. A medicated 
 tablet with sugar as a basis. 
 
 Lubarsch's Crystals. See Crystals, Lubarsch's. 
 
 Lubrichondrin (lu-brik-on' -drin) . A lubricant 
 said to consist of Chondrus crispus, oil of 
 eucalyptus, and formaldehyde It is used in 
 surgery. 
 
 Luca's Horizontal Plane. One passing 
 through the axis of the zygomatic arches. 
 
 Lucas' Sign. Distention of the abdomen, an 
 early sign of rickets. 
 
 Lucas-Championniere's Disease. Chronic 
 pseudomembranous bronchitis. 
 
 Lucid (lu'-sid) [lucidus, clear]. Clear; shin- 
 ing; not obscure. L. Interval, the transitory 
 return of the normal mental faculties in in- 
 sane or delirious conditions. 
 
 Lucidification (lu-sid-if-ik-a'-shun) [lucid; fa- 
 cere, to make]. A clearing-up, especially a 
 clearing-up of the protoplasm of cells. 
 
 Lucotherapy (lu-ko-ther' -ap-e) [lux, light; 
 therapy]. Therapeutic use of light-rays. 
 
 Ludwig's Angina. Phlegmonous cellulitis of 
 the neck, generally secondary to specific 
 fevers, scurvy, etc. Syn., Angina ludovici. 
 L.'s Ganglion. See Ganglion, Ludwig's. 
 
 Lueck's Reaction for Hippuric Acid. Add 
 to the substance nitric acid at boiling tem- 
 perature, and evaporate to dryness; an 
 intense odor of nitrobenzol is produced on 
 heating the residue. 
 
 Lues (lu'-es) [L.]. Formerly a pestilential 
 disease; at present used as a euphemism for 
 syphilis. 
 
 Luetic (lu-et'-ik) [lues]. Affected with or relat- 
 ing to lues; syphilitic. 
 
 Lugol's Caustic. A solution of iodin and 
 potassium iodid, of each, one part, in water 
 two parts. L.'s Solution, a compound 
 solution of iodin. 
 
 Lukewarm. Tepid; about the temperature of 
 the body. 
 
 Lumba.go(lum-ba'-go)[lumbus]. Pain in the loins. 
 
 Lumbar (lum'-bar) [lumbus]. Pertaining to the 
 loins. L. Colotomy, colotomy performed 
 in the lumbar region. L. Puncture. See 
 Puncture, Lumbar. L. Region. See under Ab- 
 domen. L. Vertebra. See Vertebra, Lumbar. 
 
 Lumbo- (lum-bo-) [lumbar]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to the loins. 
 
 Lumbocolostomy (lum-bo-ko-los'-to-me). Co- 
 lostomy after lumbar incision. 
 
 Lumbocolotomy (lum-bo-ko-lot'-o-me) [lumbo-; 
 koXov, colon; xop.i], a cutting]. Incision of the 
 colon through the loins. 
 
 Lumbocostal (lum-bo-kos'-tal) [lumbo-; costa, 
 a rib]. Pertaining to the loins and ribs. 
 
 Lumbosacral (lum-bo-sa'-kral) [lumbo-; sac- 
 rum]. Pertaining to the lumbar vertebras and 
 to the sacrum. 
 
 Lumbrical (lum f -brik-al) . Relating to or 
 resembling a worm of the genus Lumbricus. 
 
 Lumbricales (lum-brik-a' -lez) . See Muscle. 
 
 Lumbricoid (lurn' -brik-oid) [lumbricus; sldoc, 
 likeness]. Pertaining to or resembling a 
 lumbricus. 
 
 Lumbricus (lum' -brik-us) [L.]. A genus of 
 worms, including the common earthworm 
 and certain intestinal worms. The latter are 
 now termed Ascarides. 
 
 Lumbus [L.]. The loin. 
 
 Lumen (lu'-men) [L., " light" ; pi., lumina]. The 
 cavity surrounded by the walls of a tubular 
 vessel. 
 
LUMINIFEROUS 
 
 575 
 
 LUPUS 
 
 Luminiferous (lu-min-if' '-er-us) [lumen; ferre, 
 to bear]. Conveying or bearing light. 
 
 Lumpy- jaw. See Actinomycosis. 
 
 Lunacy (lu'-nas-e) [luna, the moon]. Insanity, 
 from the superstitious belief that it was in- 
 fluenced by the moon. 
 
 Lunar (lu'-nar) [luna]. Pertaining to the moon 
 or to silver (luna of the alchemists). L. 
 Caustic, silver nitrate. 
 
 Lunatic (lu'-nat-ik) [see Lunacy], i. Per- 
 taining to or affected with insanity. 2. An 
 insane person. 
 
 Lunet, Lunette (lu-net') [Fr.]. A spectacle-lens. 
 
 Lung [AS., lungen]. The organ of respira- 
 tion, in which the impure venous blood is 
 oxidized by the air drawn through the trachea 
 and bronchi into the air-vesicles. There are 
 two lungs, a right and a left, the former 
 usually consisting of three, the latter of two, 
 lobes. The lungs are situated in the thoracic 
 cavity, and are enveloped by the pleuras. At 
 the root or hilum the bronchus and its arteries 
 and the pulmonary artery and nerves enter, 
 and the pulmonary and bronchial veins and 
 lymphatics leave. The lung proper consists 
 of minute air-vesicles held in place by con- 
 nective-tissue trabeculas. Capillaries tra- 
 verse the walls of the air-vesicles and bring the 
 circulating blood in close proximity to the air. 
 The average weight of the adult right lung is 
 22 ounces; that of the left, 20 ounces. L.- 
 capacity, breathing capacity. L., Cardiac, 
 proliferation of the connective tissue of a lung, 
 producing thickening of the alveolar walls and 
 finally obliteration of their cavity, due to 
 organic lesions in certain heart disease's. L., 
 Carnified, a lung from which the blood and 
 air have been driven out by effusion, causing 
 it to present a slaty-gray color. L. -fever, 
 croupous pneumonia. L., Saccular, a con- 
 dition of the lung marked by globular pouches 
 at the periphery or through the whole or greater 
 part of the lobe. 
 
 Lungwort (lung'-wert). See Verbascum. 
 
 Luniferous (lu-nif -er-us) [luna; ferre, to bear]. 
 Crescent -shaped. 
 
 Luniform (lu'-ne-form) [luna; forma, form]. 
 Same as Luniferous. 
 
 Lunula ilu'-nu-lah) [dim. of luna, moon]. 1. 
 The white semilunar area of a nail near the 
 root. 2. A structure resembling the lunula 
 of a nail. 
 
 Lupanin (lu' '-pan-in), C 15 H 24 N 2 0. A bitter 
 liquid alkaloid from the seeds of Lupinus 
 reticulatus. 
 
 Luperine (lu'-per-en). A remedy for dipso- 
 mania said to be a mixture of powdered 
 gentian, calumba, and quassia. 
 
 Lupetazin (lu-pet-a'-zin), HN(CH 2 CH . CH 3 ) 2 - 
 NH. A white, crystalline powder similar to 
 piperazin in action, application, and dosage. 
 L. Tartrate, lycetol. 
 
 Lupia (lu'-pe-ah) [lupus]. A name given to 
 several kinds of malignant tumor, phage- 
 denic ulcer, and fungoid growth. 
 
 Lupiform (lu'-pe-form) [lupus; forma, form]. 
 Resembling lupus. 
 
 Lupine (lu'-pin) [lupus]. A plant of the 
 genus Lupinus. Lupinus albus and other 
 species contain a bitter glucosid, lupinin 
 (C 29 H 32 16 ), while from L. luteus an alkaloid, 
 arginin (C 6 H 14 N 4 2 ), is obtained. The 
 bruised seeds of L. albus have been used as 
 an external application to ulcers. 
 
 Lupinidin (lu-pin' -id-in) [lupine], C 8 H 15 N. A 
 liquid alkaloid obtained from Lupinus luteus. 
 
 Lupinosis (lu-pin-o'-sis). See Lathyrism. 
 
 Lupinus (lu-pi' -nus) . See Lupine. 
 
 Lupoid (lu'-poid). See Lupiform. 
 
 Lupoma (lu-po' -mah) . The primary nodule 
 of lupus. 
 
 Lupulin, Lupulinum (lu'-pu-lin, lu-pu-li' -num) 
 [lupulus, hop]. The lupulinum of the U. S. P. 
 is the glandular powder obtained from the 
 strobiles of Humulus lupulus. It is anti- 
 spasmodic and sedative, and is used in sexual 
 excitement, delirium tremens, renal and vesical 
 irritation, and spermatorrhea. Dose 5-15 
 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). L., Extract of (ex- 
 tractum lupulini, B. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. 
 (0.32-0.65 Gm.). L.,Fluidextract of (fluid- 
 extr actum lupulini, U. S. P.). Dose 8 min. 
 (0.5 Cc). L., Infusion of (infusum lupulini, 
 B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). L., Oleo- 
 resin of (oleoresina lupulini, U. S. P.). Dose 
 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Lupulus (lu' -pu-lus) . See Humulus. 
 
 Lupus (lu'-pus) [L., "a wolf"]. A chronic 
 disease of the skin and mucous membranes, 
 characterized by the formation of nodules 
 of granulation tissue. It passes through a 
 number of phases, and terminates by ulcera- 
 tion or atrophy, with scar-formation. The 
 cause of the disease is the tubercle bacillus. 
 Syn., Lupus exedens; Lupus vulgaris. L., 
 Disseminated Follicular, a variety of lupus 
 confined to the face, especially in the situa- 
 tions usually occupied by acne. The papules 
 are from a large pin-head to a pea in size, 
 conic and deep red. L. erythematosus, a 
 form not due to the tubercle bacillus. It 
 occurs, as a rule, in multiple patches, with 
 a tendency to symmetric arrangement, chiefly 
 about the face and head, occasionally on the 
 extremities, and rarely on the trunk. The 
 patches are sharply denned at the border, flat, 
 very slightly raised, and with a tendency to 
 the formation of crusts. The color is bright- 
 red, and there are no nodules. It is most 
 common in women of adult or middle age. 
 Syn., Cazenave's lupus ; Lupus erythema- 
 todes. L. erythematosus sebaceus, a form 
 with special involvement of the sebaceous 
 glands. L. exedens. Synonym of Lupus. 
 L. hypertrophicus, that variety of lupus in 
 which new connective-tissue formation pre- 
 dominates over the destructive process, and 
 markedly raised, thick patches result. L. 
 maculosus, a variety of lupus charac- 
 terized by the eruption of very soft, smooth, 
 brownish-red, semitranslucent miliary nod- 
 ules that develop in the connective tissue 
 of otherwise healthy skin without subjective 
 sensations. L. nonexedens, lupus without 
 
LUPUSCARCINOMA 
 
 576 
 
 LYMPH 
 
 ulceration. L. vegetans, L. verrucosus, 
 
 the formation in the lupus process of a warty- 
 looking patch liable to become inflamed. L. 
 vulgaris, lupus. 
 
 Lupuscarcinoma {lu-pus-kar-sin-o'-mah) . A 
 carcinoma developing from lupus. 
 
 Luschka's Bursa. A crypt, larger and more 
 clearly defined than the neighboring crypts, 
 frequently located in the lower part of the 
 pharyngeal tonsil, and regarded as a vestige 
 of the communication existing during early 
 fetal life between the pharynx and the hypo- 
 physis. L.'s Cartilage, an inconstant, small, 
 cartilaginous nodule, inclosed in the front 
 part of the true vocal cord. L.'s Fold. See 
 Fold, Ileocolic. L.'s Foramens, two small 
 openings in the lateral recesses of the pia 
 covering the fourth ventricle; they transmit 
 the choroid plexus. L.'s Fossa, a narrow 
 fossa bounded by the ileocolic fold in front, 
 and by the enteric mesentery, the ileum, and 
 a small portion of the upper and inner walls 
 of the cecum behind. Syn., Ileocolic fossa. 
 L.'s Gland, i. The pharyngeal tonsil. 2. 
 The coccygeal gland. 3. The carotid gland; 
 the intercarotid gland, a minute body of 
 glandular structure and unknown function, 
 situated at the bifurcation of the common 
 carotid artery. L.'s Line, an imaginary line 
 extending from the middle of the internal 
 palpebral ligament to the space between the 
 first and second molars, and indicating the 
 course of the lacrimal sac and nasal duct. 
 L.'s Subpharyngeal Cartilage, a small 
 body of hyaline cartilage situated in the areolar 
 tissue of the lower part of the faucial tonsil. 
 It represents a vestige of the third postoral 
 arch of the embryo and is occasionally the 
 seat of morbid growths. L.'s Tonsil, the 
 adenoid tissue normally existing between the 
 orifices of the eustachian tubes, analogous 
 in structure to the lymphoid constituents of 
 the tonsil. 
 
 Lusus naturae (lu'-sus na-tu'-re) [lusus, a play; 
 natura, nature]. A freak of nature. 
 
 Lutarious (lu-ta 1 '-re-us) [lutum, mud]. Relating 
 to, like, or living in mud. 
 
 Lutaud's Lotion. A lotion for pruritus of the 
 vulva. It consists of eucalyptus oil, 10 parts; 
 cocain hydrochlorid, 1 part; chloral hydrate, 
 10 parts; distilled water, 500 parts. 
 
 Lute (lilt) [lutum, mud]. A composition for 
 sealing vessels hermetically or for closing 
 joints in apparatus. It may be made of lime 
 and white of egg, linseed-meal, and starch, 
 or of clay and drying oil. 
 
 Lutein (lu'-te-in) [luteus, yellow]. A yellow 
 pigment obtained from the corpora lutea by 
 extraction with chloroform. 
 
 Lutidin (lu' -tid-in) , C 7 H 9 N. A toxic liquid 
 distilled from bituminous shale. L., Beta-, 
 C 7 H 9 N, a toxic, colorless liquid obtained 
 by distillation of cinchonin with potassium 
 hydroxid. It is narcotic and antispasmo- 
 dic, and recommended as an antidote to 
 strychnin. 
 
 Lutrexanthema (lu-treks-an' -the-mah) [Xouzpov, 
 
 a bath; exanthema]. An eruption due to 
 bathing. 
 
 Luttke's Test for Free Hydrochloric Acid 
 in Gastric Juice. The quantitative deter- 
 mination successively of the total chlorin, the 
 chlorin of the fixed chlorids, and that of the 
 free and combined hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Luxation iluks-a' -shun) . See Dislocation. 
 
 Luxus (luks'-us) [L.]. Excess. L. -consump- 
 tion, a term applied to the metabolism of 
 certain surplus proteid material, which, 
 though inside the body, does not form a 
 component part of any of its tissues, but 
 constitutes a kind of reservoir of force upon 
 which the organism may draw. 
 
 Luys' Body, L.'s Nucleus. The subthalamus. 
 
 Lycanthropy (li-kan' -thro-pe) [Xukoc, a wolf; 
 avdpajTzoc, man]. A form of mania in which 
 the patient imagines himself a wild beast. 
 
 Lycetal, Lycetol (lis'-et-al, -ol), C 6 H 14 N 2 C 4 - 
 H 6 O e . A derivative of dimethylpiperazin 
 combined with tartaric acid. It is used in gout. 
 Dose 15-45 gr. (0.97-2.9 Gm.) well diluted in 
 carbonated water. 
 
 Lychnis (lik'-nis) \h)yylc, the lampflower]. A 
 genus of plants of the order Caryophyllacece. 
 L. githago, corn-cockle, is a species of Europe 
 naturalized here. The seeds are diuretic, 
 expectorant, and anthelmintic. 
 
 Lyciform (lis' -e- form). See Lycoform. 
 
 Lycoform (li'-ko-form). A proprietary combi- 
 nation of .alcoholic potash soap solution and 
 formaldehyd. 
 
 Lycomania (li-ko-ma f -ne-ah) . See Lycan- 
 thropy. 
 
 Lycoperdon (li - ko - per' - don) \}Lkoc, wolf; 
 nkpoeadac, to break wind]. A genus of 
 fungi. L. bovista, the fist -ball, puff ball, or 
 devil's snuff-box, has been used as a 
 styptic, and is now employed to some extent 
 in nervous diseases. 
 
 Lycopodium (li-ko-po' '-de-urn) \Xukoc, wolf; 
 tcouc, foot]. The spores of L. clavatum and 
 other varieties, official in the U. S. P., and oc- 
 curring in the form of a light, fine, yellowish 
 powder. It is used as a desiccant and absorb- 
 ent on moist and excoriated surfaces, and as 
 an inert powder in which to embed pills to 
 prevent their adhering to one another. Syn., 
 Club-moss; Witch-meal; Wolf's-claw. 
 
 Lycresol (W -kre-sol) . A soap - solution con- 
 taining crude cresol. 
 
 Lye (li) [AS., ledh]. ■ 1. The solution of alka- 
 line hydrates obtained by leaching ashes. 
 
 2. Any alkaline solution. 
 
 Lying-in. 1. Being in confinement. 2. The 
 puerperal state. 
 
 Lymph (limf) [lympha, water]. 1. The fluid 
 in the lymphatic vessels, the product of the 
 filtration of the liquid portion of the blood 
 through the walls of the capillaries. 2. The 
 coagulable exudate on an inflamed surface. 
 
 3. The liquid material used for vaccination; 
 vaccine-lymph. L., Animal, vaccine-lymph 
 obtained from an animal. L.-cell, L.- 
 corpuscle, a leukocyte occurring in the 
 lymph. L., Fibrinous, transparent, tenacious 
 
LYMPHADENECTASIS 
 
 577 
 
 LYMPHOGONIA 
 
 lymph that coagulates spontaneously. It is 
 almost colorless and contains a large amount 
 of fibrin and but few corpuscles. L. -fol- 
 licles, small collections of lymphadenoid 
 tissue occurring in mucous membranes. 
 L.-hearts, certain organs found in the frog 
 and in some fishes, which are to the lymph- 
 stream what the blood-heart is to the blood- 
 stream. L., Humanized, vaccine from 
 a human being. L., Inflammatory, that 
 thrown out as a product of inflammation 
 in wounds, etc. L., Koch's, tuberculin. L., 
 Plastic, fibrinous lymph; that forming em- 
 bryonic tissue. L. Reservoir, the receptacu- 
 lum chyli. L.-SCrotum, an enlarged scrotum 
 due to distention of the lymphatic vessels and 
 hyperplasia of the tissues. L. -spaces, the lacu- 
 nas occurring in connective tissue and contain- 
 ing lymph. L., Vaccine-. See Vaccine-lymph. 
 
 Lymphadenectasis (lim - fad - en - ek' - tas - is) 
 [lymph; ddrjv, gland; enxaocc, distention]. Di- 
 lation of the sinuses of a lymph-gland pro- 
 ducing a tumor-like mass. 
 
 Lymphadenhypertrophy (lim - fad-en-hi-per' - 
 tro-fe) [lymph; ddrjv, gland; hypertrophy]. 
 Hypertrophy of the lymphatic glands. 
 
 Lymphadenitis (lim-fad-en-i'-tis) [lymph; dorjv, 
 gland; cue, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 a lymphatic gland. L. calculosa, that 
 combined with calcareous degeneration. L., 
 Scrofulous, the small-celled caseous or 
 suppurative hyperplasia of the lymph-glands. 
 L., Tuberculous, the formation of tubercles 
 in the lymph-glands. 
 
 Lymphadenoid (Jim-fad' '-en-oid) [lymph; ade- 
 noid]. Resembling, or of the nature of, a 
 lymphatic gland or lymphatic tissue. 
 
 Lymphadenoma (lim-fad-en-o'-mah) [lymph; 
 adenoma]. Hyperplasia of the lymphatic 
 glands. See Tlodgkirt s Disease. 
 
 Lymphaemia {lim-fe' -me-ah) . See Lymphemia. 
 
 LymphagOg (Jim'-fag-og) [lymph; dyajyoc, 
 leading], i. Stimulating the flow of lymph. 
 2. An agent that stimulates the flow of 
 lymph. 
 
 Lymphangiectasis {Jim - fan - je - ek' - tas - is) 
 [lymph; dyye'cov, vessel; ln-zaocc, widening]. 
 Dilation of the lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Lymphangioendothelioma (lim-fan-je-o-en-do- 
 the-le-o f -mah) . An endothelioma originating 
 in lymph-vessels. 
 
 Lymphangiofibroma (lim-fan-je-o-fi-bro'-mah) . 
 Lymphangioma combined with fibroma. 
 
 Lymphangiology (lim-fan-je-oV -o-je) [lymph; 
 dfyelov, vessel; Xojoc, science]. The anat- 
 omy, physiology, and pathology of the lym- 
 phatics. 
 
 Lymphangioma (lim-fan-je-o'-mah) [lymph; 
 angioma]. A tumor made up of lymphatic 
 vessels. L. tuberosum multiplex, a very 
 rare disease of the skin, probably congenital, 
 characterized by the formation of large, 
 brownish-red papules or tubercles, the size 
 of lentils, scattered indiscriminately over the 
 trunk. On section they prove to be made 
 up of dilated lymphatics. 
 
 Lymphangiophlebitis (lim-fan-je-o-fleb-i'-tis) 
 38 
 
 [lymph; dffe'cov, vessel; phlebitis]. Inflam- 
 mation of the lymphatic vessels and veins. 
 
 Lymphangiosarcoma {Jim - fan - je - - sar - 
 ko'-mah). Lymphangioma attended with 
 sarcoma. 
 
 Lymphangitis (lim-fan-ji'-lis) [lymph; dyyelov, 
 vessel; cccc, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of a lymphatic vessel. 
 
 Lymphatic {Jim-fat' '-ik) [lymph]. Pertaining 
 to lymph; containing or characterized by 
 lymph. L. System, a system of vessels and 
 glands accessory to the blood-vascular system, 
 conveying lymph. It begins as innumerable 
 capillaries in interspaces of tissues. These 
 form plexuses studded with lymph-glands 
 that act as filters and finally all those below 
 the diaphragm unite in the receptaculum 
 chyli on the second lumbar vertebra. From 
 this the thoracic duct leads upward to empty 
 into the junction of the left subclavian t and 
 internal jugular veins. The lymph from the 
 upper right half of the body and head enters 
 the right lymphatic duct, which empties into 
 the junction of the right internal jugular and 
 subclavian veins. 
 
 Lymphaticosplenic (lim - fat - ik - o-splen'-ik). 
 Relating to the lymphatics and the spleen. 
 
 Lymphatics (lim-fat' -iks) [lymph]. The capil- 
 lary tubes pervading the body, which convey 
 lymph. 
 
 Lymphatism (lim' -fat-izm) . See Status lym- 
 phaticus. 
 
 Lymphectasia (lim-fek-ta'-ze-ah) [lymph; 'ifc- 
 xaoic, widening]. Dilation with lymph. 
 
 Lymphedema (lim-fe-de' -mah) [lymph; o'lorj/xa, 
 edema]. Serous edema. 
 
 Lymphemia (lim-fe' -me-ah) [lymph; alpta, 
 blood]. Leukemia characterized by enlarge- 
 ment of the lymphatic glands. 
 
 Lymphendothelioma (lim - fen - do - the - li - 
 o'-mah). A newgrowth characterized by a 
 soft myxomatous tissue containing cysts and 
 tubules lined with flat, scale-like cells, re- 
 sembling the endothelium of the lymphatics. 
 
 Lympho- (lim-fo-) [lymph]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to lymph or to the lymphatic glands. 
 
 Lymphocyte (lim'-fo-sit) [lympho-; kuzoc, a cell]. 
 1. A lymph-cell. 2. One of Ehrlich's classes 
 of leukocytes, comprising those small cells 
 having large nuclei and a very small amount 
 of protoplasm. See Leukocyte. 
 
 Lympho cythemia (lim- fo-si-the' -me-ah) [lym- 
 phocyte; al/xa, blood]. An excess of lympho- 
 cytes in the blood. 
 
 Lymphocytosis (lim-fo-si-to'-sis). See Lympho- 
 cythemia. 
 
 Lymphocytotoxin (lim-fo-si-to-toks'-in) [lym- 
 phocyte; ro^ycov, poison]. A bacterial product 
 having specific action on the lymphocytes. 
 
 Lymphodermia (lim- fo-der' -me-ah) [lympho-; 
 okpfia, skin]. An affection of the lymphatics 
 of the skin. L. perniciosa, leukemic en- 
 largement of the glands. 
 
 Lymphofluxion (Jim-fo-fluk'-shun) [lympho-; 
 finer e, to flow]. The increased flow of lymph 
 induced by certain stomachics. 
 
 Lymphogonia (lim-fo-go'-ne-ah) [lympho-; jbvo£. 
 
LYMPHOID 
 
 578 
 
 LYPEMANIA 
 
 offspring]. Large lymphocytes 
 having a relatively large nucleus 
 deficient in chromatin, and a faintly 
 basic nongranular protoplasm, ob- 
 served in lymphatic leukemia. 
 
 Lymphoid {lim'-foid) [lympho-; eldoc, 
 like]. Having the appearance or 
 character of lymph. 
 
 Lymphoma (lim-fo'-mah) [lympho-; 
 bpa, tumor]. A tumor composed 
 of lymphadenoid tissue. The term 
 includes also formations not strictly 
 tumors, as hyperplasias of the tis- 
 sues proper to lymphatic glands. 
 L., Malignant. Synonym of 
 Hodgkin's disease. 
 
 Lymphomatosis (lim-fo-mat-o'-sis) 
 [lymphoma]. A condition char- 
 acterized by general lymphatic 
 engorgement. L. diffusa, Hodg- 
 kin's disease. 
 
 Lymphomatous {Urn - jo' - mat - us) 
 [lymphoma]. Of the nature of, or 
 affected with, lymphoma. 
 
 Lymphomyeloma {lim-fo-mi-el-o'- 
 mah). i. A myeloma involving the 
 lymphatic system. 2. A sarcoma 
 containing small round-cells. 
 
 Lymphomyxoma {lim-fo-miks-o'- 
 mah) [lympho-; myxoma]. A new- 
 growth, usually benign, consisting 
 of adenoid tissue. 
 
 Lymphorrhagia {lim-for-a'-je-ah) 
 [lympho-; pt)-fvuvac, to burst forth]. 
 
 rmmmm 
 
 Lymphatic Glands and Vessels of the Cavity of the Axilla. 
 (Holden.) 
 
 Lymphatic Glands 
 
 the Inguinal Region.- 
 
 A flow of lymph from a ruptured 
 lymphatic vessel. 
 
 Lymphosarcoma (Jim -jo- sar. - ko' - 
 mah). A sarcoma having some of 
 the structural elements of a lym- 
 phatic gland. L. malignum 
 multiplex. Same as Lymphad- 
 enoma. 
 
 Lymphotome Qim'-fo-tom) [lympho-; 
 xkpvecv, to cut]. An instrument, on 
 the principle of the tonsillotome, 
 with a flexible cutting-blade for 
 removing adenoids. 
 
 Lymphotoxemia {lim-fo-toks-e 1 '-me- 
 ah). See Status lymphaticus. 
 
 Lymphotoxic {lim-fo-toks' '-ik) . Per- 
 taining to or characteristic of a 
 substance having toxic action, on 
 the lymphatic tissue. 
 
 Lymphotoxin {lim-fo-toks' -in) [lym- 
 pho-; to^ckov, poison]. A cytotoxin 
 having specific action on lymph- 
 atic tissue. 
 
 Lymphotrophy {Urn - fot' - ro - fe) 
 [lympho-; Tpocpr), nourishment]. 
 Nourishment of the cells by the 
 lymph in regions of imperfect vas- 
 cularization. 
 
 Lypemania {li-pe-ma'-ne-ah) [Mxr,, 
 sadness; pav'ca, madness]. A form 
 of dementia accompanied by pro- 
 
LYPTOL 
 
 579 
 
 MACROCEPHALOUS 
 
 found mental depression and refusal to take 
 food. 
 
 Lyptol (lip'-tol). An ointment said to consist 
 of mercuric chlorid, eucalyptus oil, form- 
 aldehyd, and benzoboric acid. It is used as 
 a dressing for ulcers, cutaneous diseases, etc. 
 
 Lyra (li'-rah). Certain longitudinal, transverse 
 and oblique lines on the inferior surface of 
 the fornix, the arrangement of which bears 
 a fanciful resemblance- to a lyre. 
 
 Lysatin {lis' -at-in) . See Lysatinin. 
 
 Lysatinin {lis-aV -in-in) , C 6 H n N 3 or C 6 H 13 - 
 N 3 2 . A mixture of equal molecules of 
 arginin and lysin. 
 
 Lysidin (li f -sid-in) , C 4 H 8 N 2 . A base obtained 
 from dry distillation of sodium acetate with 
 ethylene diamin hydrochlorid. It is recom- 
 mended in all cases of uric-acid diathesis. 
 Dose 15-75 g r - ( I_ 5 Gm.) of the crystals daily 
 in a pint of cold water. Syn., Ethylene-ethen- 
 yldiamin; M ethyl glyoxalidin. 
 
 Lysin (Ji'-sin) [Xueiv, to loose]. 1. C 6 H u N 2 2 . 
 A histon base discovered among the cleavage- 
 products of casein and produced by the tryptic 
 digestion of fibrin. 2. A cell-dissolving sub- 
 stance found in the blood-serum. 
 
 Lysis (li'-sis) [see Lysin]. The gradual decline 
 of a disease, especially of a fever. 
 
 Lysoform (li'-so-}orm). A combination of 
 lysol and formaldehyd, soluble in water and 
 alcohol. It is used as an antiseptic in 1 to 3 % 
 solutions. 
 
 Lysogenic (li-so-jen'-ik) [lysis; yevvav, to pro- 
 duce]. Giving rise to lysins or producing 
 lysis. 
 
 Lysol {li'-sol) [Xuav, to loose]. A brown liquid 
 substance obtained by boiling tar-oils with 
 alkalis and fats. It is used as an antiseptic 
 in surgery, in lupus, gonorrhea, and as a 
 gargle in sore throat. 
 
 Lyssa (lis'-ah) [Xuoaa, madness]. A synonym 
 of Hydrophobia or Rabies. 
 
 Lyssin (lis'-in) [lyssa]. The specific virus of 
 hydrophobia. 
 
 Lyssophobia (lis-o-fo'-be-ah) [lyssa; 4>6fto(;, 
 fear]. Morbid dread of rabies; pseudohy- 
 drophobia. 
 
 Lysulfol (lis-ul' -fol) . A compound of sulfur 
 (10%) and lysol forming a black mass. It 
 is used in skin diseases. 
 
 Lytic (lit'-ik) [lysis]. 1. Relating to a lysis 
 or to a solution. 2. Relating to a lysin. 
 
 M 
 
 M. The abbreviation of muscuhis, meter, 
 myopia, mille, minim, and misce; as a 
 numeral it represents the number 1000. 
 
 McBurney's Point. The point of tenderness 
 in appendicitis, five or six centimeters above 
 the right anterior superior iliac spine, on a line 
 drawn from this point to the umbilicus. 
 
 McClintock's Rule. A pulse of 100 or more 
 beats a minute, after parturition, indicates 
 impending postpartum hemorrhage. 
 
 Macdowel's Frenum. The intermuscular ex- 
 pansions given off by the posterior layer of 
 the tendon of the pectoralis major. 
 
 Mace (mas). See Nutmeg. 
 
 Maceration (mas-er-a' -shun) [macerare, to 
 make soft]. The process of softening a solid 
 substance, or of converting into a soft mass 
 by soaking in a liquid, as maceration of the 
 fetus. 
 
 Macewen's Osteotomy. Supracondyloid di- 
 vision of the femur from the inner side for 
 genu valgum. M.'s Space. See M.'s Trian- 
 gle. M.'s Symptom, increased resonance 
 on combined percussion and auscultation of 
 the skull in certain gross lesions of the intra- 
 cranial contents — e. g., in cerebral abscess or 
 overdistended lateral ventricles. M.'s Tri- 
 angle, the suprameatal triangle; the trian- 
 gular space bounded by the upper half of the 
 posterior wall of the external auditory meatus, 
 by the supramastoid crest, and by an imagi- 
 nary line dropped from the latter at the level 
 
 of the posteroinferior wall of the external 
 meatus. It is the space selected for trephin- 
 ing in cases of otitic abscess of the temporo- 
 sphenoid lobe. 
 
 Macies {ma'-se-ez) [L., "a wasting"]. Atro- 
 phy; leanness; wasting. 
 
 Mackenzie's Eye-lotion. Corrosive subli- 
 mate, 1 gr.; ammonium chlorid, 6 gr.; cochi- 
 neal, \ gr.; alcohol, 1 dr.; water, 8 oz. 
 
 Maclayin (mak-la' -in) , C 17 H 32 O n . A powerful 
 local irritant said to be a glucosid from Bassia 
 maclayana. 
 
 McLeod's Capsular Rheumatism. Rheuma- 
 toid arthritis attended with considerable effu- 
 sion into the synovial sacs, sheaths, and 
 bursas. 
 
 Macmunn's Test for Indican in the Urine. 
 Boil equal parts of urine and hydrochloric 
 acid and a few drops of nitric acid; cool, and 
 shake with chloroform. The chloroform be- 
 comes violet and shows an absorption band 
 before D, due to indigo-blue, and one after 
 D, due to indigo-red. 
 
 Macro- (mak-ro-) [fxaKpoc, large]. A prefix 
 meaning large, long, or great. 
 
 Macrobiosis (mak-ro-bi-o'-sis) [macro-; /?/of, 
 life]. Longevity. 
 
 Macroblast (mak'-ro-blast). See Megaloblast. 
 
 Macrocephalia (mak-ro-sef-a'-le-ah) [macro-; 
 K£<paXrj, head]. Abnormal largeness of the 
 head. 
 
 Macrocephalous (mak-ro-sej' -al-us) [see Macro- 
 
MACROCHEILIA 
 
 580 
 
 MADREPORIC 
 
 cephalia]. Characterized by an abnormally 
 large head. 
 
 Macrocheilia {mak-ro-ki' -le-ah) [macro-; %£~c- 
 Xoc, lip]. Excessive development of the lips, 
 a characteristic of certain negro tribes. It 
 occurs also in cretinoid state's, when the lips 
 and cheeks are the seat of lymphangioma. 
 
 Macrocheiria {mak-ro-ki' -r e-ah) {macro-; x^tp, 
 hand]. Great enlargement of the hands. 
 
 Macrocoly {mak-ro-ko'-le) [macro-; kojXov, 
 colon]. Simple excessive length of the colon. 
 
 Macrocomous {mak-ro-ko' -mus) [macro-; nbp.t), 
 the hair]. Having long hairs or filaments. 
 
 Macrocornea {mak-ro-kor' -ne-ah) [macro-; Cor- 
 nells, horny]. Keratoglobus. 
 
 Macrocyst {mak' -ro-sist) [macro-; k'joxcc, a 
 cyst]. An abnormally large cyst. 
 
 Macrocyte {mak'-ro-sit) [macro-; kuzoc, cell]. 
 A giant blood-corpuscle fo*und in the blood 
 in certain anemias, especially pernicious 
 anemia. 
 
 Microdactyly {mak-ro-dak 1 '-til-e) [macro-; dan- 
 tuXoc, finger]. Abnormally large size of the 
 fingers or toes. 
 
 Macrodirective {mak-ro-di-rek'-tiv) [macro-; 
 dirigere, to direct]. Applied . to mesenteries 
 that are both large or perfect and directive. 
 
 Macrodontia '{mak -ro -don' -she - ah) [macro-; 
 ddouc, tooth]. Abnormally large size of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Macroesthesia {mak-ro-es-the' -ze-ah) [macro-; 
 a'todrjocc, sensation]. A disturbance of the 
 tactile and stereognostic sense in consequence 
 of which objects touched or handled appear 
 much larger than they really are. 
 
 Macrogamete {mak-ro-gam'-et) [macro-; yajj.hr], 
 a wife]. A female sexual cell among sporozoa. 
 
 Macroglossia {mak-ro-glos' -e-ah) [macro-; yXcbO" 
 oa, tongue]. Enlargement of the tongue, a 
 condition seen in cretins, in whom it is prob- 
 ably due to lymphangioma. 
 
 Macromania ( mak-ro-ma' -ne-ah) [macro-; p.o.v'ca, 
 madness]. A form of mania characterized by 
 the delusion that objects are larger than they 
 really are; or the impression that one's own 
 body or members are much larger than they 
 are. 
 
 Macromastia {mak-ro-mas' -te-ah) [macro-; p.ao- 
 zbc, breast]. Abnormal enlargement of the 
 breast. 
 
 Macromazia (mak-ro-ma' '-ze-ah) . See Macro- 
 mastia. 
 
 Macromelus {mak-rom' -el-us) [macro-; p.iXoc, 
 organ or member], i. Having excessively 
 large limbs. 2. One having excessively large 
 limbs. 
 
 Macronychia {mak-ro-nik' -e-ah) [macro-; bvu$, 
 nail]. Excessive size of the nails. 
 
 Macropathology {mak-ro-path-ol' -o-je) [macro-; 
 pathology]. Pathology which includes no 
 microscopic investigation. 
 
 Macrophage {mak' -ro-faj) [macro-; (fraye'cv, to 
 devour]. A large phagocyte. 
 
 Macrophotograph {mak-ro-fo'-to-graf) [macron- 
 photograph]. . A large photograph, i. e., 
 a macroscopic photograph of an object, 
 whether the object is small or large. 
 
 Macropodia {mak-ro-po' -de-ah) [macro-; 7106c, 
 foot]. Excessive size of the feet. 
 
 Macropomous {mak-rop' -o-mus) [macro-; nwua, 
 a lid]. Possessing a large operculum. 
 
 Macroporous {mak-rop' -or-us) [macro-; nbpoc, a 
 passage]. Having large pores. 
 
 Macroprosopus {mak-ro-pro-so' -pus) [macro-; 
 npooconov, face]. A monster with abnormal 
 development of the face. 
 
 Macropsia {mak-rop' -se-ah) . See Megalopsia. 
 
 Macrorhinia imak-ro-rin' -e-ah) [macro-; pec, 
 nose]. Congenital hypertrophy of the nose. 
 
 Macroscelia {mak-ro-se' -le-ah) [macro-; gk'eXoc, 
 leg]. Excessive development of the legs. 
 
 Macroscopic {mak-ro-skop' -ik) [macro-; okotcsIv, 
 to see]. Large enough to be seen by the 
 naked eye; gross; not microscopic. 
 
 Macrosomia, Macrosomatia {mak-ro-so'-me- 
 ah, mak-ro-so-ma' -she-ah) [macro-; oojp.a, 
 body]. Excessive size of the body. 
 
 Macrostoma {mak-ros' -to-mah) [macro-; orbi.ia, 
 mouth]. Congenital fissure of the angle of 
 the mouth, producing a large opening. 
 
 Macrotia {mak-ro' -she-ah) [macro-; ouc, the ear]. 
 Excessive length of the ears. 
 
 Macrotin {mak' -ro-tin) [macrotys, cimicifuga]. 
 A resin obtained by the precipitation of tinc- 
 ture of cimicifuga with water. 
 
 Macula {mak'-u-lah) [L.]. A macule. Mac- 
 ulae acusticae, the terminations of the audi- 
 tory nerve in the saccule and utricle. M. 
 arcuata, the arcus senilis. Maculae atro- 
 phicae cutis, linear atrophy of the skin. M. 
 corneae, a permanent corneal opacity from 
 an ulcer or keratitis. M. lutea, the yellow 
 spot of the retina. It is the point of clearest 
 vision. M. Solaris, a freckle. 
 
 Macular {mak'-u-lar) [macule]. Characterized 
 by or resembling macules. 
 
 Maculate {mak'-u-lat). Spotted. 
 
 Maculation {mak-u-la' -shun) [macule]. The 
 state or quality of being spotted; the forma- 
 tion of macules. 
 
 Macule {mak' -ill) . A spot, especially one" upon 
 the skin, not elevated above the surrounding 
 level. See also Macula. 
 
 Maculopapular {mak-u-lo-pap' -u-lar) . Hav- 
 ing the characteristics of a macule and a 
 papule. 
 
 Macwilliam's Test for Albumin. To 20 Cc. 
 of the liquid add a drop or two of a saturated 
 solution of salicyl-sulfonic acid; in the pres- 
 ence of albumin a cloudiness or precipitate 
 will be formed. If peptones or albumoses are 
 present, this precipitate disappears on boiling, 
 but reappears on cooling. 
 
 Mad [ME., made]. 1. Insane. 2. Affected with 
 rabies; rabid. 
 
 Madarosis {mad-ar-o' -sis) [fxaoapcoocc, a making 
 bald]. Loss of the eyelashes or eyebrows. 
 
 Madder {mad'-er). See Rubia. 
 
 Madelung's Neck. Diffuse lipoma of the 
 neck. Syn., Madelung's Fetthals. 
 
 Madema {mad-e'-mah). See Madarosis. 
 
 Madreporic, Madreporiform {mad-re-por'-ik, 
 -e-jorm) [Madrepora, a genus of corals]. 
 Pierced with minute openings. 
 
MAD STONE 
 
 581 
 
 MAGNET 
 
 Madstone (mad'-stdn). A small stone, be- 
 lieved to have the power of absorbing poison 
 from wounds. 
 Madura-foot (ma-du'-rah-fut). A disease oc- 
 curring chiefly in India, and characterized by 
 the formation, on the foot (sometimes on the 
 hand), of a tender purplish swelling, which 
 in time suppurates, the pus being evacuated 
 through one or more sinuses. These sinuses 
 discharge a seropurulent liquid containing 
 peculiar bodies resembling gunpowder-grains 
 or fish-roe. The disease is chronic, but re- 
 mains local, and is believed to be due to an 
 organism allied to the actinomyces fungus. 
 Syn., Mycetoma. 
 Mageiric (maj-i'-rik) [fiayecpiKoc, fit for cookery]. 
 
 Relating to dietetics or the culinary art. 
 Magendie's Foramen. A foramen of com- 
 munication between the fourth ventricle and 
 the subarachnoid space at the tip of the 
 calamus scriptorius. M.'s Law. See Bell's 
 Law. M.'s Solution. See under Morphin 
 Sulfate. M.'s Spaces, imperfectly closed 
 lymph-spaces formed by the separation of 
 the arachnoid from the pia and correspond- 
 ing to the cerebral sulci. 
 Magenta (ma-jen'-tah) [from Magenta, Italy]. 
 A coal-tar dye from which fuchsin and a 
 large number of other dyes are prepared. 
 Magistral (maj'-is-tral) [magister, a master]. 
 Applied to medicines prepared on prescription. 
 Magma (mag' -mail) [jiajixa, mass]. Sediment; 
 
 dregs; any pulpy mass. 
 Magnan's Sign. A hallucination of general 
 sensation which takes the form of the sen- 
 sation of a round foreign body beneath the 
 skin; it is noted in chronic cocainism. 
 Magnesia (mag-ne'-ze-ali) [from Magnesia, a 
 district in Thessaly]. Magnesium oxid, MgO. 
 M., Black, black oxid of manganese. M., 
 Calcined. See Magnesium Carbonate. M., 
 White, magnesium carbonate. See also Mag- 
 nesiwn. 
 Magnesic (mag-ne'-zik). Pertaining to or con- 
 taining magnesium. 
 Magnesium (mag-ne'-ze-um) [see Magnesia]. 
 Symbol Mg; atomic weight 24.3; quantival- 
 ence 11; specific gravity 1.75. A bluish- 
 white metal of the group to which calcium 
 and barium belong. It is abundantly dis- 
 tributed throughout inorganic and organic 
 nature; its salts are used in the arts and in 
 medicine. The source of magnesium and its 
 salts is chiefly the minerals dolomite and kie- 
 serite. M.' Acetate, Mg(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 + 4- 
 4H2O, cathartic. Dose 5-60 gr. (0.32-4.0 
 Gni.). M. Benzoate, Mg(C 7 H 5 2 ) 2 : used 
 in gout. Dose 3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 Gm.). M. 
 Bisulfate, MgH 2 (S0 4 ) 2 ; cathartic. Dose 
 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). M. Borate, Mg- 
 (B0 2 ) 2 . 2Ng(OH) 2 + 7H 2 0; antiseptic. 
 Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). M. Boroci- 
 trate, a compound of citric acid, magnesium 
 carbonate, and borax; used in lithiasis, gout, 
 etc. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). M. Brom- 
 id, MgBr 2 + 6H 2 0; sedative. Dose 10-20 
 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). M. Carbonate (mag- 
 
 nesii carbonas, U. S. P.), (MgC0 3 ) 4 . Mg- 
 (OH) 2 + 5H 2 0; exists in two forms — as 
 light {magnesium carbonas levis) and as 
 heavy magnesium carbonate (magnesium car- 
 bonas ponder osa). It is antacid, laxative, and 
 antilithic Dose 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.). M. 
 Carbonate, Solution of (liquor magnesia car- 
 bonatis, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). M. 
 Chlorid, MgCl 2 + 6 H 2 0; aperient and cathar- 
 tic. Dose 240-465 gr. (16-30 Gm.). M. 
 Citrate, Effervescent, is cathartic. Dose 
 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). M. Citrate, Solution 
 of (liquor magnesii citratis, U. S. P.). Dose 
 4-8 oz. (128-256 Cc). M. Copaivate, anti- 
 septic, diuretic, laxative, and stimulant. Dose 
 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). M. Creosotate. 
 See Creasote-magnesia. M. Dioxid, Mg0 2 , 
 used in anemia. Syn., Bio gen. M. Ergo- 
 tate, used in amenorrhea and epilepsy. Dose 
 •f-i gr. (0.04-0.065 Gm.). M. Fluorid, Mg- 
 F 2 , an antiseptic. M. Hydrate, M. Hydrox- 
 id, Mg(OH) 2 . It is antacid, antilithic, and 
 cathartic. Dose 60-120 gr. (4-8 Gm.). M. 
 Hypophosphite, Mg(H 2 P0 2 ) 2 + 6H.O, a 
 nerve-stimulant. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 
 Gm.). M. Ichthyolate, a combination of 
 freshly calcined magnesia, 100 parts; ich- 
 thyol, 775 parts. Mixed with talc it is used 
 as an antiseptic dusting-powder. M. Iodid, 
 Mgl 2 , alterative and sialagog. Dose 2-10 gr. 
 (0.13-0.65 Gm.). M. Lactate, Mg(C 3 H 5 - 
 3 ) 2 + 3H0O; a laxative. Dose 15-45 gr. 
 (1-3 Gm.). M. Oxid (magnesii oxidum, 
 U. S. P.), MgO, is obtained by calcining 
 magnesium carbonate, and exists in two 
 forms — as light magnesia and as heavy mag- 
 nesia (magnesii oxidum ponderosum, U. S. P.). 
 It is used as an antacid and laxative, as a 
 dusting-powder, and as an antidote to arsenic 
 Dose 10 gr.-i dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). M. 
 Oxid, Ferric Hydroxid with (Jerri hydroxi- 
 dum cum magnesii oxido, U. S. P.). Dose 
 as arsenical antidote 4 oz. (120 Cc). M. 
 Oxid, Heavy. See under M. Oxid. M. 
 Phenolsulfonate, an antiseptic purgative. 
 Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). M. Salicylate, 
 Mg(C 7 H 5 3 ) 2 + H 2 0, an intestinal antiseptic 
 and antirheumatic Dose 15-120 gr. (1-8 
 Gm.). . M. Sclerotinate. See M. Ergotate. 
 M. Silicate, Mg 2 Sl 3 O s + 2H 2 0, absorbent, 
 astringent, and antiseptic. Dose 60-150 gr. 
 (4-10 Gm.). M. Sozoiodolate, (C 6 H 2 I 2 - 
 (OH)S0 3 ) 2 Mg + 8H 2 0, an antiseptic. M. 
 Sulfate (magnesii sulphas, U. S. P.), MgS0 4 
 + 7H 2 0, epsom salt, is an active cathartic, 
 especially useful in inflammatory affections. 
 Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (4-32 Gm.). M. Sulfate, 
 Effervescent (magnesii sulphas effervescens, 
 U. S. P.), cathartic . Dose 2 dr.-i oz. (8- 
 32 Gm.). M. Sulfophenate. See M. Phenol- 
 sulfonate. M. Tartrate, MgC 4 H 4 6 , is 
 cathartic and used in diseases of the spleen 
 with neuralgic symptoms. Dose 8-15 gr. 
 (0.52-1.0 Gm.). 
 Magnet (mag'-net) [Map^aaa, stone of Mag- 
 nesia, in Thessaly, where lodestone was 
 first found]. 1. Lodestone, a magnetic iron 
 
MAGNETIC 
 
 582 
 
 MALARIAL 
 
 oxid. 2. A body having the power to at- 
 tract iron bodies. M., Electro-. See Elec- 
 tromagnet. M., Giant, M., Haab, a large 
 powerful stationary magnet for extracting par- 
 ticles of steel from the eye. M., Horseshoe, 
 an iron magnet having the shape of a horse- 
 shoe. M., Permanent, one the magnetic 
 properties of which are permanent, in con- 
 tradistinction to a temporary magnet. M., 
 Temporary, one which derives its magnetism 
 from another magnet or from a galvanic cur- 
 rent. 
 
 Magnetic (mag-net'-ik) [magnet]. Pertaining 
 or belonging to a magnet. Possessing the 
 property of magnetism. 
 
 Magnetism (mag'-net-izm) [magnet]. The 
 power possessed by a magnet to attract or 
 repel other masses. M., Animal, hyp- 
 notism. 
 
 Magnetization (mag-net-iz-a' -shun) [magnet]. 
 The process of rendering a substance mag- 
 netic. 
 
 Magnetoelectricity (mag-net-o-e-lek-tris'-it-e) 
 [magnet; electricity]. Electricity produced by 
 means of a magnet. 
 
 Magnetoinduction (mag-net-o-in-duk' -shun) 
 [magnet; inductio, induction]. The produc- 
 tion of an induced current by the insertion 
 of a magnet within a coil of wire. 
 
 Magnetooptic (mag-net-o-op'-tik) . Relating to 
 magnetism and light. 
 
 Magnetotherapy (mag-net-o-ther'-ap-e) [magnet; 
 depaiiEca, treatment]. The treatment of dis- 
 eases by magnets. 
 
 Magnification (mag-nif-ik-a 1 'shun) [magnus, 
 large; facere, to make]. Enlargement, espe- 
 cially the enlargement of the image of an 
 object by means of lenses. 
 
 Magnifying (mag'-nif-i-ing) [see Magnifica- 
 tion]. Enlarging; making greater. M. 
 Power, the power of a lens to increase the 
 diameters of the image of an object. 
 
 Magnum, M., Os. See Bones, Table of. 
 
 Maher's Disease. Paracolpitis. 
 
 Maidenhead, i. Virginity. 2. The hymen. 
 
 Maier's Sinus. A small, infundibular depres- 
 sion in the wall of the lacrimal sac near the 
 opening of the lacrimal ducts. 
 
 Maim (mam) [OF., mehaigner, to maim]. To 
 cripple by injury or removal of a limb. 
 
 Main-en-griff e (mang-on(g)-gref). See Claw- 
 hand. 
 
 Maintenance (man' -ten-ans) [manus, hand; 
 tenere, to hold]. The relationship which 
 exists between increment and excrement, 
 after a body has reached maturity. 
 
 Maissiat's Band. The iliotibial ligament, a 
 fibrous band in the fascia lata that extends 
 from near the anterior superior spine of the 
 ilium to the outer tuberosity of the tibia. 
 
 Maize (mdz) [W. Ind., mahiz]. Indian corn. 
 See Zea mays. 
 
 Maizolithium (iya-zo-lith' -e-um) . A diuretic 
 and sedative said to consist of a combination 
 of maizenic acid from cornsilk and lithium. 
 Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Make {mak) [AS., macian, to make]. In elec- 
 
 tricity — (1) to establish the flow of an electric 
 current; (2) the establishing of the flow of 
 an electric current. 
 
 Mai [Fr., from malum, evil; disease]. Disease. 
 M. de mer, sea-sickness. M. des bassines, 
 a dermatitis affecting those engaged in wind- 
 ing silkworm cocoons, due to a toxic sub- 
 stance in the urinary product of the silkworm 
 moths. M., Grand. See Grand mal. M.per- 
 forant, perforating ulcer of the foot; a trophic 
 lesion of tabes. M., Petit. See Petit mal. 
 
 Mal- [malus, bad]. A prefix meaning bad. 
 
 Mala (ma'-lah) [L.]. The cheek-bone or the 
 cheek. 
 
 Malacarne's Pyramid. A crucial projection 
 formed by the union of the vermis inferior 
 of the cerebellum, at the junction of its pos- 
 terior and middle thirds, with two transverse 
 prolongations which pass into the correspond- 
 ing hemispheres. M.'s Space. SeeTarinus' 
 Fossa. 
 
 Malacia (mal-a'-se-ah) [fiaXaKca, a softening]. A 
 morbid softening of tissue. M., Vascular, 
 a form marked by excessive new formation 
 of vessels. 
 
 Malacopeous,Malacopoeous(ma/-a/£-&0'-/>e-w<>) 
 [naXanoizocelv, to make soft]. Softening; en- 
 ervating; emollient. 
 
 Malacosteon,Malacosteosis(7wa/-a/r-&0s'-fe-0«, 
 mal-ah-kos' -te-o-sis) . See Osteomalacia. 
 
 Malacotomy (mal-ah-kot'-o-me) [jiaXanog, soft; 
 rofiTj, a cutting]. Incision of the abdomen; 
 celiotomy. 
 
 Malady (mal'-ad-e) [malum, evil]. Disease. 
 
 Malaise (mal-az') [Fr.]. A general feeling of 
 illness, accompanied by restlessness and dis- 
 comfort. 
 
 Malakin (mal'-ak-in). A synthetic product 
 allied to acetphenetidin and recommended as 
 an antirheumatic, antipyretic, and antineu- 
 ralgic. Dose 60-90 gr. (4-6 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Malar (ma'-lar) [mala, cheek]. Pertaining to 
 the malar bones. M. Bones, the two cheek 
 bones. 
 
 Malaria (mal-a'-re-ah). See Malarial Fever. 
 
 Malarial (mal-a' -re-al) [malaria, bad air]. Per- 
 taining to malaria. M. Cachexia, a chronic 
 form of malaria characterized by anemia, 
 general failure of health, a sallow complexion, 
 and enlargement of the spleen. M. Fever, 
 a disease associated with the presence in the 
 blood of Plasmodium malarice, and character- 
 ized by periodicity, enlargement of the spleen, 
 and the presence in the blood, free or within 
 the red corpuscles, of parasites (plasmodia) 
 that exert a deleterious influence upon the 
 red cells. The paroxysms may be intermit- 
 tent, remittent, or irregular. If repeated 
 daily, the fever is designated quotidian; if 
 on alternate days, tertian; if with an interval 
 of two days, quartan. If two paroxysms oc- 
 cur daily, the fever is designated a double 
 quotidian. There may be a tertian form, a. 
 paroxysm occurring daily, but only those of 
 alternate days being alike; a double quartan 
 form, and others. A typical malarial par- 
 oxysm consists of a cold stage, a hot stage, 
 
MALARILABIALIS 
 
 583 
 
 MALLOTUS 
 
 and a sweating stage, occurring in the se- 
 quence given. Intermittent fever is char- 
 acterized by the occurrence of a complete 
 intermission of the symptoms in the interval 
 between two paroxysms, the temperature be- 
 coming normal or subnormal. In remittent 
 fever there is only an amelioration of the 
 symptoms in the intervals. In certain locali- 
 ties in which the malarial organisms are ex- 
 ceedingly numerous or intensely virulent the 
 attack displays a pernicious tendency. Of 
 this type there may be a cerebral form, char- 
 acterized either by delirium and excitement 
 or by coma and depression; a thoracic form, 
 in which the respiration is accelerated and 
 there is an urgent sense of the need of air; 
 a gastrointestinal form, attended with nausea, 
 vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; or an 
 asthenic or algid form, in which there is 
 a condition of marked debility with a strik- 
 ing coldness of the surface and of the breath. 
 To the irregular manifestations of malarial 
 poisoning, which do not at any time present 
 the classic association of chill, fever, and 
 sweat, the designation of "dumb ague" is 
 given. The enlargement of the spleen in 
 chronic malaria is sometimes designated 
 "ague-cake." Syn., Marsh-fever. M. Hem- 
 aturia, the presence of blood in the urine 
 as a result of malarial poisoning. M. Neu- 
 ralgia, neuralgia due to malarial intoxica- 
 tion. 
 
 Malarilabialis (mat- a -re -la -be- a' '-lis). See 
 Zygomaticus major under Muscle. 
 
 Malarin [mal-ar'-in). See Acetophenonephe- 
 netidin. 
 
 Malassez' Disease. Cystic disease of the 
 testis. 
 
 Malassimilation (mal-as-im-il-a'-shun) [trial-; 
 assimilation]. Defective assimilation. 
 
 Malate (mal'-dt). A salt of malic acid. 
 
 Malaxation (mal-aks-a' '-shun) \jia\aootcv, to 
 soften], i. The act of kneading. 2. A form 
 of massage. 
 
 Malcious (mal'-shus) [aalacoc, freezing]. Be- 
 numbing; causing to freeze; becoming con- 
 gealed. 
 
 Male (mal'-e) [u.a.X-q]. The axilla. 
 
 Male (mdl) [masculus, a male]. 1. Pertaining 
 to the male sex, or that which impregnates 
 the female. 2. A member of the male sex, 
 3. Of a double-bladed instrument, the blade 
 which is received into a hollow of the other 
 (female) blade. M.-fern, the Aspidinm 
 filix-mas. See Aspidium. M. Organ, the 
 penis. 
 
 Maleic (mal-c'-ik). Relating to or derived from 
 malic acid. 
 
 Malerba's Test for Acetone. Add to the 
 acetone a solution of dimethylparaphenylen- 
 diamin; a red coloration results. 
 
 Malformation {rnal-for-ma' -shun) [mal-; for- 
 matio, a forming]. An abnormal development 
 or formation of a part of the body. 
 
 Malgaigne's Hernia (mahl-gdn). Hernia of 
 infancy; descent of the intestine into the 
 open vaginal process of the peritoneum. M.'s 
 
 Hooks, an instrument for holding the parts 
 of a fractured patella in apposition. M.'s 
 Triangle, the superior carotid triangle. 
 
 Malgaigne's Hooks. 
 
 Malic Acid (ma'-lik). See Acid, Malic. 
 
 Maliform (mal'-e- form) [malum, an apple; 
 forma, form]. Shaped like an apple. 
 
 Malignancy (mal-ig'-nan-se) [see Malignant]. 
 The quality of being malignant. 
 
 Malignant (mal-ig'-nant) [mal-; gignere, to 
 beget]. Virulent, compromising or threat- 
 ening life. M. Edema. See Edema, Malig- 
 nant. M. Pustule, anthrax. M. Tumor, a 
 tumor that destroys life. Malignant tumors 
 recur and give rise to metastasis. 
 
 Mali-mali. A convulsive tic prevalent in the 
 Philippines. 
 
 Malingerer (mal-in'-jer-er) [Fr. malingre, sickly, 
 from malus, bad; crger, ill; sick]. One who 
 feigns illness or defect. 
 
 Malingering, Malingery (mal-in'-jer-ing, mal- 
 in'-]er-e) [see Malingerer]. The feigning of 
 disease. 
 
 Malleable (mal'-e-a-U) [malleus]. Capable 
 of being beaten or rolled into thin sheets. 
 
 Malleal, Mallear (mal'-e-al, -ar) [malleus]. 
 Relating to the malleus. 
 
 Malleation (mal-e-a' '-shun) [malleus]. A spas- 
 modic action of the hands, consisting in con- 
 tinuously striking any near object. 
 
 Malleiform (mal'-e-if-orm) [malleus; forma, 
 form]. Hammer-shaped. 
 
 Mallein (mal'-e-in) [malleus, farcy]. A fluid 
 obtained from cultures of Bacillus mallei, 
 the microorganism of glanders. When in- 
 jected into the circulation of a glanderous ani- 
 mal, it causes an elevation of temperature, 
 and has been recommended for use in the 
 early diagnosis of farcy or glanders. 
 
 Malleinization (mal-e-in-i-za'-shun). Inocula- 
 tion with mallein. 
 
 Malleoincudal (mal-e-o-ing' -hu-dal) [malleus; 
 incus, anvil]. Relating to the malleus and 
 the incus. 
 
 Malleolar {maV -e-o-lar) [malleolus]. Relating 
 to a malleolus. 
 
 Malleolus (mal-e'-o-lus) [dim. of malleus; pi., 
 malleoli]. A part or process of bone having 
 a hammer-head shape. M., External, the 
 lower extremity of the fibula. M., Internal, 
 a process on the internal surface of the lower 
 extremity of the tibia. M. radialis, the 
 styloid process of the radius. M. ulnaris, 
 the styloid process of the ulna. 
 
 Malleus (maV-e-us) [L., "hammer"]. 1. One 
 of the ossicles of the internal ear having the 
 shape of a hammer. 2. Glanders. 
 
 Mallotoxin (mal-o-toks'-in). See Rottlerin. 
 
 Mallotus {mal-o'-tus) \jiaXX6c, wool]. A genus 
 
MALLOW 
 
 584 
 
 MAMMILLATION 
 
 of euphorbiaceous trees and shrubs. M. 
 philippinensis, a species of India, yields 
 the dyestuff kamila. The leaves and fruit 
 are used in the treatment of snake-bites; 
 the root, in contusions. 
 
 Mallow (mal'-o). See Malva. 
 
 Malnutrition (mal-nu-trish' -un) [mal-; nutri- 
 tion]. Imperfect nutrition or sustenance. 
 
 Malocclusion (mal-ok-lu'-shun) [mal-; occlu- 
 dere, to shut up]. The occlusion of the 
 teeth in positions not conformable to ana- 
 tomic rule. 
 
 Malpighian Body (mal-pig'-e-an). The com- 
 mencement of a uriniferous tubule, consist- 
 ing of the glomerule of vessels (the malpig- 
 hian tuft) and the membranous envelop (Bow- 
 man's capsule). M. Capsule. See Bow- 
 man's Capsule. M. Cells, M. Vesicles, the 
 pulmonary alveoli. M. Corpuscle, any one 
 of the minute whitish nodules of lymphaden- 
 oid tissue in the red substance of the spleen 
 along the course of the blood-vessels. M. 
 Pyramids, conic masses, eight to ten in num- 
 ber, in the medullary portion of the kidney, 
 having their apexes directed toward the pelvis 
 and their bases toward the cortex. M. Rete 
 mirabile, the network formed by the ulti- 
 mate ramifications of the pulmonary artery.- 
 M. Stigmas, the orifices of the capillary 
 veins that join the branches of the splenic 
 vein at right angles. M. Stratum, the rete 
 mucosum of the epidermis. M. Tuft, a 
 glomerule of the kidney. 
 
 Malposition {mal-po-zish'-un) [mal-; posi- 
 tion]. An abnormal position of any part or 
 organ, especially of the fetus. 
 
 Malpractice (mal-prak'-tis) [mal-; prac- 
 tice]. Improper treatment; treatment of a 
 disease by a method contrary to that taught 
 by experience; also, the unlawful production 
 of an abortion. 
 
 Malpresentation (mal-pre-sen-ta'-shun) [mal-; 
 presentation]. In obstetrics, such a position 
 of the child at birth that delivery is difficult 
 or impossible. 
 
 Malt, Maltum {mawlt, mawl'-tum) [AS., 
 mealt]. Grain which has been soaked, 
 made to germinate, and dried. The maltum 
 of the U. S. P. is the grain of com- 
 mon barley, Hordeum distichon, made 
 to germinate by warmth and moisture, and 
 then baked so as to arrest the germinat- 
 ing process. The germinated grains contain 
 diastase, dextrin, and maltose,, as well as 
 proteids. Malt is used as a nutrient in wast- 
 ing diseases. M. Extract (extr actum malti, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). M. 
 Fluidextract of. Dose §-2 oz. (15-60 Cc). 
 M. -liquors, infusions of malt fermented so 
 as to contain alcohol. Those in common use 
 are beer, ale, and porter. Beer is made by a 
 comparatively slow fermentation, and contains 
 about 2.5% of alcohol. Ale and porter are 
 fermented more rapidly, and contain about 
 4.7% of alcohol. The malt used in making 
 porter is browned, giving the liquor a darker 
 color. M. -sugar, maltose. 
 
 Malta Fever. See Fever, Mediterranean. 
 
 Malthus, Doctrine of. The doctrine that the 
 increase of population is proportionately 
 greater than the increase of subsistence. Syn., 
 M althusianism . 
 
 Maltine (mawl'-ten) [malt]. A name given to 
 various proprietary preparations of malted 
 wheat or barley, useful as food for invalids. 
 
 Maltobiose {mawl-to-bi' -oz) . Maltose. 
 
 Maltol (mawl'-tol), C 6 H 6 3 . A constituent of 
 malt caramel, an odorless substance soluble 
 in hot water. 
 
 Maltose (mawj'-tos) {malt], C 12 H 22 O n 4- H 2 0. A 
 variety of sugar formed, together with dextrin, 
 by the action of malt diastase upon starch. 
 
 Maltosuria (mawl-to-su'-re-ah) [maltose; oupov, 
 urine]. The presence of maltose in the urine. 
 
 Maltova (mawl-to' '-vah) . A concentrated food 
 said to be a combination of the proteids of 
 egg. 
 
 Maltzyme (mawlt'-zlm). A concentrated dias- 
 tasic extract of malt; indicated in starchy 
 indigestion. Dose 1-2 tablespoonfuls (15- 
 30 Cc.) during or after meals. 
 
 Malva (mal'-vah) [L., "mallow"]. The mal- 
 low; a genus of malvaceous plants. The 
 leaves of M . alcea, M . rotundifolia, and M. 
 sylvestris are used as demulcents. 
 
 Maly's Test for Hydrochloric Acid in Stom- 
 ach-contents. Place the filtered contents 
 of the stomach in a glass dish, and add ultra- 
 marine sufficient to make it blue. Suspend 
 a piece of lead-paper in the upper part of 
 the dish, and cover with a watch-glass. Warm 
 this on the water-bath for 15 minutes, and in 
 the presence of HC1 the blue color will change 
 to brown and the lead-paper will become 
 dark, owing to the development of H 2 S. 
 
 Mamanpian (mah-mahn-pe-ahn) [Ft.]. The 
 initial ulcer of frambesia. 
 
 Mamelon (mam'-el-on). A nipple; boss; 
 hemispheric projection. 
 
 Mamma {mam' -ah) [L.]. The breast; the 
 milk -secreting gland of the mother. 
 
 Mammalgia (mam-al'-je-ah) [mamma; aXyog, 
 pain]. Pain in the mamma. 
 
 Mammalia {mam-a'-le-ah) [mamma]. A divi- 
 sion of the class of vertebrates including all 
 animals that suckle their young. 
 
 Mammary (mam'-a-re) [mamma]. Pertaining 
 to the mammas. M. Artery. See under 
 Artery. M. Gland. See Gland, Mammary. 
 M. Line, the vertical line passing through the 
 nipple. 
 
 Mammilla (mam-il'-ah) [dim. of mamma]. A 
 small prominence or papilla. M. of Breast, 
 the nipple or teat. 
 
 Mammillaplasty {mam-il' -ap-las-te) [mammilla; 
 TtXaoascv, to mold]. A plastic operation for 
 the purpose of elevating a depressed nipple. 
 
 Mammillary (mam'-il-a-re) [mammilla]. Nip- 
 ple-shaped. 
 
 Mammillated (mam'-il-at-ed). Covered upon 
 the surface with nipple-like protuberances. 
 
 Mammillation {mam-il-a' -shun) [mammilla]. 
 A granulation, especially on some mucous 
 surface. 
 
MAMMILLOSE 
 
 585 
 
 MANIA 
 
 Mammillose (mam'-il-os). Having many nip- 
 ples or nipple-shaped processes. 
 
 Mammitis (mam-i'-tis). See Mastitis. 
 
 Mammose (mam'-os) [mamma]. Having full 
 or abnormally large breasts. 
 
 Mammotomy (mam-ot'-o-me). See Mastot- 
 omy. 
 
 Mandel's Test for Proteids. Add to the pro- 
 teid solution a 5 % solution of chromium 
 trioxid and a precipitate will be formed. 
 
 Mandible, Mandibula (man'-dib-l, man-dib'-u- 
 lah) [mandere, to chew]. The inferior maxil- 
 lary bone. 
 
 Mandibular (man-dib' -u-lar) [mandible]. Per- 
 taining to the mandible, or lower jaw. 
 
 Mandioca (man-de-o' -kali) . See Manioc. 
 
 Mandragora (man-drag-o f -rah) [fiavopayopac, 
 the mandrake]. The mandrake. A genus of 
 solanaceous plants. M. officinalis has been 
 
 Mammary Gland. 
 
 1, 1. Lactiferous ducts. 2, 2. Lobuli of the mammary 
 
 gland. 
 
 used as a narcotic and hypnotic. It and 
 other species contain an alkaloid, mandragorin, 
 C 17 H 23 N0 3 , resembling atropin in action. 
 
 Mandrake (man'-drdk). See Mandragora and 
 Podophyllum. 
 
 Mandrel, Mandrin (man'-drel, man'-drin) 
 [Ger.]. The firm guide or stylet (usually 
 of metal) that gives rigidity to a flexible 
 catheter while it is being inserted. 
 
 Manducation (man-du-ha t -shun) [manducatio, 
 a chewing]. The chewing or mastication of 
 food. 
 
 Manganese, Manganum (man'-gan-ez, man- 
 gan'-um) [an altered form of magnesium]. 
 Symbol Mn; atomic weight 54.8; quanti- 
 yalence 11, iv, vi, vn. A brittle, hard, gray- 
 ish-white metal, having a specific gravity of 
 7.2, and resembling iron in properties. It 
 forms several oxids, the highest of which, 
 Mn 2 7 , forms an acid, HMn0 4 , from which 
 
 salts, the permanganates, are produced. M. 
 Albuminate, used in chlorosis and anemia. 
 M. Arsenate, MnHAsC> 4 , alterative and 
 tonic. Dose 3^-5 gr. (0.002-0.013 Gm.). 
 M. Carbonate, MnC0 3 , used as a tonic in 
 anemia and chlorosis. Dose 8-40 gr. (0.52- 
 2.6 Gm.). M. Citrate, MnHC 6 H 5 7 , used 
 as a tonic and astringent instead of iron 
 citrate. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). M. 
 Dioxid, Precipitated (mangani dioxidum 
 prczcipitatum, TJ. S. P.), Mn0 2 , black oxid 
 of manganese, is tonic and alterative, and has 
 been used in syphilis, chlorosis, in various 
 skin diseases, and in certain forms of dys- 
 pepsia. Dose 3-20 gr. (0.2-1.3 Gm.). It is 
 employed in the arts, and in laboratories for 
 the purpose of obtaining chlorin and oxygen. 
 M. Glycerinphosphate, MnP0 4 C.H 5 (OH) 2 
 + H 2 0, used in neurasthenia. Dose 2 gr. 
 (0.13 Gm.) 3 times daily. M. Hypophos- 
 phite (mangani hypophosphis, U. S. P.), Mn- 
 (H 2 P0 2 ) 2 + H 2 Q. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65- 
 1.3 Gm.). M. Lactate, Mn(C 3 H 5 3 ) + 
 3H7O, tonic. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). 
 M. Oleate, Mn(C 18 H 33 2 ) 2 , used in chlorosis 
 and anemia. M. Oxalate, MnC 2 4 + 2H 2 0, 
 a desiccant. M. Peptonate, is used as a 
 tonic in anemia and chlorosis. Dose 20-60 
 gr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). M. Saccharate, used as 
 a tonic in anemia. M. Salicylate, Mn(C 7 - 
 H 5 3 ) 2 , tonic, alterative, and antirheumatic. 
 Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 Gm.). M. Sul- 
 fate (mangani sulphas, U. S. P.), MnS0 4 + 
 4H 2 0, has been used as a substitute for iron 
 in anemia, and as a cholagog. Dose 5-20 
 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). M. Sulfite, MnSO s , 
 tonic, cholagog, and antiseptic. Dose 5-20 
 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). M. Sulfocarbolate, 
 Mn(C 6 H 5 S0 4 ) 2 -(- 7H 2 0, tonic and antisep- 
 tic. Dose 3-15 gr. (0.2-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Manganicopotassic (man-gan-ik-o-po-tas'-ik) . 
 Containing manganese as a bivalent radicle 
 and potassium. 
 
 Mange (man]) [Fr., manger, to eat]. A par- 
 asitic skin disease of horses, cattle, and dogs, 
 resembling scabies, and due to various species 
 of Acarus. 
 
 Mania (ma'-ne-ah) [fiavca, madness]. A form 
 of insanity marked by great mental and emo- 
 tional excitement, by hallucinations, delusions, 
 physical excitement, and often a tendency to 
 violence. M., Alcoholic, acute mania of 
 alcoholic origin. It differs from delirium 
 tremens, although the term is sometimes 
 used synonymously with it. M. a potu. 
 See Delirium tremens. M., Bell's, an 
 acute delirium running a rapidly fatal 
 course, with slight fever, and in which post- 
 mortem no lesions are found sufficient to ac- 
 count for the symptoms. There are the wild- 
 est hallucinations, insomnia, and intense ex- 
 citement, followed by a condition called 
 typhomania, with elevation of temperature, 
 dry tongue, and rapid, feeble pulse. M., 
 Epileptic, a maniacal outburst in an epi- 
 leptic, often associated with a destructive ten- 
 dency. M., Paroxysmal, a paroxysmal 
 
MANIAC 
 
 586 
 
 MARGINAL 
 
 neurosis in which the attacks take the form 
 of transitory mania. M., Puerperal, a form 
 of mania or abnormal mental action some- 
 times following childbirth. M., Religious, 
 mania in which the central idea is religious 
 in character, or in which a powerful religious 
 emotion has been the exciting cause. 
 
 Maniac (ma'-ne-ak) [mania]. An insane per- 
 son; one affected with mania. 
 
 Manicure (man'-ik-ur) [manus, the hand; cur a, 
 care], i. The processes employed in caring 
 for and beautifying the hand. 2. One who 
 professionally attends to the care of the hands 
 and nails. 
 
 Manihot (man'-e-hot) [L.]. A genus of 
 euphorbiaceous plants, yielding cassava and 
 tapioca. 
 
 Manikin (man' -ik-in) [OF., manequin, a pup- 
 pet]. A model of the body, made of plaster, 
 papier-mache, or other material, and show- 
 ing, by means of movable parts, the relations 
 of the organs. 
 
 Manioc (man' -e-ok) [Sp., mandioca]. The cas- 
 sava-plant or its product, tapioca. See Man- 
 ihot. 
 
 Maniple (man'-ip-l) [manipulus, a handful]. A 
 handful. 
 
 Manipulation (man-ip-u-la' 'shun) [see Man- 
 iple]. A handling; the use of the hands for the 
 purpose of performing some work in a skil- 
 ful manner, such as reducing a dislocation, 
 returning a hernia into its cavity, or changing 
 the position of a fetus. 
 
 Manipulus (man-ip' -u-lus) . See Maniple. 
 
 Mann's Sign. Diminished resistance of the 
 scalp to the galvanic current in traumatic 
 neuroses. 
 
 Manna (man'-ah) [fiavva, manna]. The con- 
 crete, saccharine exudation of the flowering 
 ash, Fraxinus ornus, and other trees. Manna 
 contains a sweet principle, mannite or man- 
 nitol, C 6 H 14 6 , a sugar, a purgative principle, 
 and a mucilage. Some specimens contain 
 also a glucosid, fraxin. Manna is a mild 
 laxative. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 
 
 Manning's Exanthem. Septicemic exanthem, 
 a grave complication of scarlatina and diph- 
 theria. 
 
 Mannitol (man' -it-ot) . See under Manna. 
 
 Mannkopff's Sign, M.-Rumpf s Sign. Ac- 
 celeration of the pulse on pressure over 
 painful points in traumatic neuroses. 
 
 Manol (man'-ol). A remedy for whooping- 
 cough said to consist of cane-sugar, phenol, 
 oil of anise, alcohol, and water. Syn., Succus 
 anisi ozonatus. 
 
 Manometer (man-om'-et-er) [fiavoc, rare; p.h- 
 pov, a measure]. An instrument for measur- 
 ing the tension of liquids and gases, consist- 
 ing either of a bent tube filled with mercury 
 (mercurial manometer), or of a spring (spring 
 manometer), connected with a writing-style. 
 
 Manometric (man - - met' - rik) [manometer]. 
 Pertaining to a manometer; pertaining to 
 tracings obtained by means of a manometer. 
 M. Flames, flames of different heights and 
 characters seen in a rotating mirror and due 
 
 to the reflection of a pulsating gas-flame 
 when the supplying gas is set in motion by 
 sound-waves. Syn., Koenig's flames. 
 
 Manual (man'-u-al) [manus]. Pertaining to 
 the hands; performed by the hands. 
 
 Manubriate (man-u'-bre-at) [manubrium]. Fur- 
 nished with a handle or handle-shaped pro- 
 cess. 
 
 Manubrium (man-u'-bre-um) [L.]. A handle. 
 M. of Malleus, the handle-shaped process 
 of the malleus of the ear. M. manus, the 
 radius. M. of Sternum, M. sterni, the 
 upper piece of the sternum. 
 
 Manus (ma'-nus) [L.]. The hand. 
 
 Manustupration (man-ustu-pra' shun) [manus; 
 stuprare, to ravish]. Masturbation. 
 
 Manyplies (men' -ip-liz) [AS., manig, many; 
 plicare, to fold]. The third compartment in 
 the stomach of ruminants. Syn., Omasum; 
 P 'salter 'turn. 
 
 Manz's Glands. Utricular glands found in the 
 orbital conjunctiva near the margin of the 
 cornea 
 
 Maranta (mar-an'-tah). See Arrowroot. 
 
 M.a.ranticXmar-an' -tik) [ptapahecv, to make lean]. 
 Pertaining to marasmus. M. Clot, a blood- 
 clot produced by slowing of the circulation 
 in depressed. states of the system. M. Throm- 
 bosis, thrombosis due to general malnutrition. 
 
 Maraschino (mar-as-ke'-no) [Sp.]. A cordial 
 made from marasca cherries. 
 
 Marasmatic (mar-az-mat'-ik). Synonym of 
 Marasmic. 
 
 Marasmic (mar-az'-mik) [marasmus]. Affected 
 with marasmus. 
 
 Marasmus (mar-az'-mus) [ptapatvscv, to grow 
 lean]. A gradual wasting of the tissues of 
 the body from insufficient or imperfect food- 
 supply. There is either no organic lesion or 
 gastrointestinal catarrh. 
 
 Marc (mark) [Ft., "dregs"]. 1. A by-product 
 in the manufacture of wines, consisting of 
 the stems, skins, and stones of the grapes. 
 2. The residue remaining after the expression 
 of the oil from certain fruits. 
 
 Marchi's Tract. See LoewenthaVs Tract. 
 
 Marechal Test for Bile-pigments. See 
 Smith' 's Reaction. 
 
 Marey's Law. A high-tension pulse is a slow 
 pulse. 
 
 Margarate (mar'-gar-at) . The product of mar- 
 garic acid and a base. 
 
 Margaric Acid (mar-gar' -ik). See Acid, Mar- 
 garic. M.-acid Crystals, needle-shaped crys- 
 tals consisting of compounds of the fatty 
 acid, found in foci of fatty degeneration, in 
 the urine, etc. 
 
 Margarin (mar'-gar-in) [{lapyapoc, the pearl- 
 oyster]. 1. A margarate of glyceryl, espe- 
 cially glyceryl trimargarate, C 3 H 5 (C 17 H 32 2 ) 3 , 
 found in butter. 2. An artificial substitute 
 for butter. M. -needles, fatty crystals found 
 in putrid bronchitis and pulmonary gangrene. 
 
 Margarone (mar'-ga-ron) . See Palmitone. 
 
 Marginal (mar'-jin-al) [mar go, margin]. Per- 
 taining to the margin or border. M. Con- 
 volution. See Convolution, Marginal. 
 
MARIE'S DISEASE 
 
 587 (VON) MASCHKE'S REACTION 
 
 Marie's Disease, i. Akromegaly. 2. Hered- 
 itary cerebellar ataxia. 3. Hypertrophic 
 pulmonary osteoarthropathy. 4. Spondylosis 
 rhizomelica; ankylosis of the spinal column 
 and of the coxofemoral, less frequently also 
 of the scapulohumeral articulations. The 
 affection is identified with Struempell's dis- 
 ease (2). M.'s Symptom, tremor of the 
 extremities or the whole body in exophthalmic 
 goiter. 
 
 Marie-Kahler's Symptom. See Marie's 
 Symptom. 
 
 Marie-Robinson's Syndrome. See under 
 Diabetes. 
 
 Mariotte's Blind Spot. The optic papilla. 
 M.'s Experiment, to demonstrate the exist- 
 ence of the blind spot a sheet of paper, on 
 which a cross and a circular spot are marked, 
 is held a short distance in front of the eyes, 
 the left eye being directed steadily on the 
 cross while the right eye is closed. On 
 moving the paper away slowly a point will 
 be reached where the spot is no longer visi- 
 ble, but it reappears when the distance is in- 
 creased. M.'s Law. See Law, Boyle's. 
 
 Maritonucleus (mar-it-o-nu'-kle-us) [maritus, 
 married; nucleus, a little nut]. The nucleus 
 of an ovum after fecundation. 
 
 Marjolin's Ulcer. A slowly progressive, ma- 
 lignant ulcer with peculiar, wart-like growths 
 commencing on a cicatrix. 
 
 Marjoram {mar' -jo-ram). See Origanum. 
 
 Marmorek's Serum. See Serum, Marmorek's. 
 
 Marmorekin (mar-mor' -e-kin) . 1. Streptococ- 
 cus antitoxin. 2. Marmorek's serum. 
 
 Marochetti's Vesicles. Small vesicles some- 
 times seen on the under surface of the tongue 
 in cases of rabies. 
 
 Marrol (mar'-oV). A dietetic said to contain 
 ox-marrow and extract of hops and of malt. 
 
 Marrow (mar'-o) [AS., mearh]. The fatty 
 substance contained in the medullary canal 
 of long bones and in the interstices of 
 cancellous bone In early life the marrow 
 of all bones is red (red marrow), but later that 
 within the shafts of long bones assumes a light 
 color (yellow marrow). Red marrow is com- 
 posed of a delicate reticulum of connective 
 tissue containing blood-vessels, large connec- 
 tive-tissue cells, some of which in growing 
 bone become osteoplasts (marrow-cells), giant- 
 cells (myeloplaxes), and red corpuscles in 
 various stages of formation. In yellow mar- 
 row most of the cells have been transformed 
 into fat-cells. The function of bone-marrow 
 is probably the formation of red corpuscles. 
 In certain forms of anemia the marrow under- 
 goes profound changes; that of the shafts of 
 the long bones may return to its embryonic 
 condition. Bone-marrow has been used in 
 the treatment of pernicious anemia. 
 
 Marrubium (mar-u' -be-um) [L.]. Hoarhound. 
 The marrubium of the U. S. P. is the dried 
 leaves and tops of M. vulgare, of the 
 order Labiatce. It contains a volatile oil, a 
 bitter principle, marrubin, tannin, resin, and 
 lignin. At present hoarhound is mainly 
 
 employed in the form of candy or syrup in 
 catarrhal affections of the respiratory tract. 
 
 Marsh's Apparatus. See M.'s Test for Arsenic. 
 M.'s Disease, exophthalmic goiter. M.'s 
 Test for Arsenic, introduce the sub- 
 stance into a flask with dilute sulfuric acid 
 and zinc. Light a jet, and permit it to im- 
 pinge on cold porcelain, or heat the deliv- 
 ery-tube, when a steel-white mirror of metallic 
 arsenic is deposited. This may be distin- 
 guished from a similar deposit of antimony 
 by the solubility of the arsenical mirror in 
 potassium hypochlorite. 
 
 Marshall's Oblique Vein. A partially ob- 
 literated vein that passes along the posterior 
 aspect of the left auricle and opens into the 
 coronary sinus near its termination. M.'s 
 Vestigial Fold, a fold of the pericardium 
 extending from the left branch of the pul- 
 monary artery to the left superior pulmonary 
 vein. It contains a fibrous cord that repre- 
 sents the lower part of the left superior vena 
 cava, a vessel commonly found in mammals, 
 but rarely in man. 
 
 Marshall-Hall's Disease. See Hall's Dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Marsh-fever. See Malarial Fever. 
 
 Marsh-gas. See Methane. 
 
 Marshmallow. See Althea. 
 
 Marsitriol (mar-sit'-re-ol). A proprietary pre- 
 paration of iron (ferrum glyceroarsenate). 
 Dose \ gr. (0.01 Gm.). 
 
 Marsupialization (mar -su-pe-al-i- za'-shun) 
 [jiapouTzoc, a pouch]. The operation, recom- 
 mended in certain cases of ovarian tumor, of 
 raising the borders of the evacuated tumor- 
 sac to the edges of the abdominal wound and 
 stitching them there so as to form a pouch. 
 
 Marsyle (mar'-sil-e). A commercial name for 
 iron cacodylate. 
 
 Martegiani's Area. The slight widening of 
 the hyaloid canal at its beginning in front of 
 the optic disc. 
 
 Martial (mar'-shal) [mars, iron]. Contain- 
 ing iron. 
 
 Martin's Bandages. Rubber bandages, from 
 5 to 21 feet in length, used for making 
 compression of a limb for the cure of ulcers, 
 varicose veins, etc. M.'s Depilatory, cal- 
 cium sulfhydrate. M.'s Hemostatic, sur- 
 geons' agaric impregnated with ferric chlorid. 
 
 Martinotti's Cells. Ganglion-cells of the cere- 
 bral cortex, giving off a short axis-cylinder 
 process at right angles to the surface. 
 
 Martol (mar'-tol). A semifluid extract obtained 
 from the shells of cacao-bean, consisting of 
 carbohydrates, phosphates, iron tannate, etc. 
 
 Maruta (ma-ru' -tah) [L.]. A genus of herbs 
 of the order Composites. M. cotula, may- 
 weed, or dog's-fennel, is used as a substitute 
 for camomile. 
 
 (von) Maschke's Reaction for Creatinin. Add 
 a few drops of Fehling's solution to the crea- 
 tinin dissolved in a cold saturated solution 
 of sodium carbonate. An amorphous, floc- 
 culent precipitate is formed in the cold, but 
 better on warming to 50 to 6o° C. 
 
MASK 
 
 588 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA 
 
 Mask [Fr., masque, a mask]. i. A ban- 
 dage applied to the face in case of erysip- 
 elas, burns or scalds, eczema, etc. 2. Syn- 
 onym of Chloasma. 
 
 Masked (maskt) [mask]. Covered with a 
 mask; concealed. M. Disease, one that is 
 concealed by concomitant symptoms. 
 
 Mass, Massa (mas, mas' -ah) [massa, sl mass]. 
 1. An aggregation of particles of matter. 2. 
 A cohesive substance that can be made into 
 pills. M., Blue- (massa hydrargyri, U. S. 
 P.). See Mercury M ass. M., Copaiba, copai- 
 ba, 6 parts, mixed with magnesia, 94 parts, and 
 water; diuretic and stimulant. Dose 10-30 
 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). M., Vallet's (massa 
 jerri carbonatis, U. S. P.), mass of ferrous 
 carbonate. 
 
 Massage (mas-ahzh) [Fr., from \iaaoetv, to 
 knead]. A method of rubbing, kneading, or 
 stroking of the superficial parts of the body by 
 the hand or an instrument, for the purpose 
 of modifying nutrition, restoring power of 
 movement, breaking up adhesions, etc. M., 
 Cannon-ball, the rolling of a three-pound to 
 five-pound cannon-ball covered smoothly with 
 chamois skin or flannel over the course of the 
 colon. M., Electrovibratory, that per- 
 formed by means of an electric vibrator. M., 
 Thermic, stroking or pressing an affected 
 part with a heated object. M., Vapor, treat- 
 ment of a cavity by intermittent forcing of a 
 medicated vapor into it. M., Vibratory, 
 light, rapid percussion either by hand or by 
 an electric apparatus. 
 
 Massalis (mas-a'-lis) [mass]. Mercury. 
 
 Massering (mas-er'-ing) [massage]. The per- 
 formance of massage. 
 
 Masseter (mas' -e-ter) [p.acrr)zr)p, chewer]. One 
 of the muscles of mastication. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Masseteric (mas-et-er' '-ik) [masseter]. Pertain- 
 ing to the masseter muscle. 
 
 Masseur (mas-ur f ) [Fr.]. A man who prac- 
 tises massage. 
 
 Masseuse (mas-u(r)z) [Fr.]. A woman who 
 practises massage. 
 
 Massicot (mas'-ik-ot) [Fr.], PbO. Lead oxid; 
 litharge. 
 
 Massotherapy (mas-o-ther' -ap-e) [massage; 
 Oepaizeca, therapy]. Treatment by means of 
 massage. 
 
 Mastalgia (mas-tal'-je-ah) [fiaozoc, breast; alyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the breast. 
 
 Mast-cells. See Cells, Mast-. 
 
 Masthelcosis (mas-thcl-ko'-sis) [p.aozbc, breast; 
 llnooocc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the breast. 
 
 Mastic, Mastiche (mas'-tik, mas f -ti-ke) [/naa- 
 z{%7), mastic]. The resin flowing from the 
 incised bark of the Pistacia lentiscus, a tree 
 
 . of the Terebinthacece. It is used as a styptic, 
 as a filling for teeth, and as a microscopic 
 varnish. 
 
 Mastication (mas-tik-a'-shun) [masticare, to 
 chew]. The act of chewing. 
 
 Masticatory (mas' ' -tik-a-to-re) [mastication]. 1. 
 Pertaining to mastication or to the muscles of 
 mastication. 2. A remedy to be chewed but 
 
 not swallowed, used for its local action on the 
 mouth. M. Spasm, spasm of the muscles of 
 mastication; trismus. 
 
 Mastitis (mas-ti' -tis) [paozoc, breast; czcg, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the breast. 
 M., Interstitial, inflammation of the con- 
 nective tissue of the breast. M., Paren- 
 chymatous, inflammation of the proper 
 glandular substance of the breast. 
 
 Masto- (mas-to-) [p.aazoc, breast]. A prefix sig- 
 nifying relating to the breast. 
 
 Mastodynia (mas-to-din' -e-ah) [masto-; oouvq, 
 pain]. Pain in the breast. 
 
 Mastoid (mas'-toid) [masto-; eldoc, like]. 1. 
 Nipple -shaped, as the mastoid process of the 
 temporal bone. 2. The mastoid process. 
 3. Pertaining to the mastoid process, as mas- 
 toid foramen, mastoid operation. M. Abscess, 
 an abscess of the mastoid cells. M. Antrum, 
 a cavity in the mastoid portion of the temporal 
 bone. M. Cells, the hollow air-spaces in 
 the mastoid process communicating with the 
 middle ear. M. Disease, inflammation of 
 the mastoid cells; mastoiditis. M. Foramen. 
 See Foramen, Mastoid. M. Process, the pro- 
 truding part of the temporal bone felt behind 
 the ear. 
 
 Mastoideocentesis (mas - toi -de -o- sen- te' - sis) 
 [mastoid; tcivzyoic, a thrust]. Surgical per- 
 foration of the mastoid process. 
 
 Mastoiditis (mas-toid-i' -tis) [mastoid; izic, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the mastoid 
 cells. M., Bezold's, destruction of the apex 
 of the mastoid process with a tendency to the 
 formation of an abscess in the neck. 
 
 Mastoidotomy (mas-toid-ot' -o-me) [mastoid; 
 zijivetv, to cut]. Incision of the mastoid cells 
 to relieve suppurative mastoiditis. 
 
 Mastomenia (mas-to-me' -ne-ah) [masto-; fn'jv, 
 month]. Vicarious menstruation from the 
 breast. 
 
 Mastooccipital (mas-to-ok-sip'-it-al) [mastoid; 
 occiput]. Pertaining to the mastoid process 
 and the occipital bone. 
 
 Mastoparietal (mas-to-par -i' -et-al) [mastoid; 
 paries, wall]. Pertaining to the mastoid pro- 
 cess and the parietal bone. 
 
 Mastopexy (mas' -to-peks-e) [masto-; nfficc, 
 a fixing in]. Surgical fixation of a pendulous 
 breast. 
 
 Mastoscirrhus (mas-to-skir'-us) [masto-; on'cppoc, 
 hard]. A hard cancer of the breast. 
 
 Mastosis (mas-to' -sis) [jiaozoc, breast]. En- 
 largement of the breast. 
 
 Mastotomy (mas-tot'-o-me) [masto-; zkpjztv, to 
 cut]. Incision of a breast. 
 
 Masturbation (mas-ter-ba' -shun) [masturbari, 
 to pollute one's self]. Production of the 
 venereal orgasm by friction of the genitals. 
 
 Mate (mah'-ta) [Sp., mate, a vessel]. The leaves 
 of Ilex paraguayensis, used in South America 
 as a substitute for tea and coffee. Its pro- 
 perties are due to thein. Syn., 'Paraguay tea. 
 
 Materia medica (mat-e'-re-ah med'-ik-ah) [L., 
 "medical matter"]. The science that treats 
 of the sources and preparations of the drugs 
 and agents used in medicine. 
 
MATERIES MORBI 
 
 589 
 
 MEASLES 
 
 Materies morbi (mat-e' -re-ez mor'-bi) [L., 
 "matter of disease"]. The material that is 
 the cause of a disease. 
 
 Maternal (ma-ter' -nal) [mater, mother]. Per- 
 taining to the mother. M. Impressions. 
 See Impressions, Maternal. 
 
 Maternity (ma-ter' -nit-e) [see Maternal]. i. 
 Motherhood. 2. A lying-in hospital. 
 
 Matico (mat-e' -ko) [Sp.]. The leaves of Piper 
 angustifolium, of the order Piperacece. It is 
 aromatic and stimulant, and has heen used as 
 a local and general hemostatic and as an 
 alterative stimulant to mucous membranes. 
 Dose 60 gr. (4 Gm.). M., Fluidextract of 
 (fluidextr actum matico, U. S. P.). Dose £-1 
 dr. (2-4 Cc). M., Tincture of. Dose 1 dr. 
 ( 4 Cc). 
 
 Matricaria (mat-rik-a' '-re-ah) [matrix]. Ger- 
 man camomile; the flower-tops of M. chamo- 
 milla, of the order Composite?. Matricaria 
 contains a volatile oil and a bitter extractive 
 principle, and is a mild tonic, and in large 
 doses emetic and antispasmodic. 
 
 Matrix (ma'-triks) [L., "a mold in which any- 
 thing is cast"]. 1. A mold; the cavity in 
 which anything is formed. 2. That part of 
 tissue into which any organ or process is set, 
 as the matrix of a tooth or of a nail. 3. The 
 intercellular substance of a tissue, as of carti- 
 lage. 4. The uterus. 
 
 Matter (mat'-er) [materia, matter]. 1. Physi- 
 cal substance. 2. Pus. 
 
 Matula (mat'-u-lah) [L.]. A urinal. 
 
 Maturate (mat'-u-rat) [mature]. To suppurate. 
 
 Maturation (mat-u-ra' -shun) [mature]. Ri- 
 pening, as the ripening of the ovum or of a 
 cataract. 
 
 Mature (ma-tur') [maturare, to ripen]. 1. To 
 ripen. 2. Ripe. 
 
 Matutinal (ma-tu'-tin-al) [Matuta, goddess of 
 the morning]. Occurring in the morning, 
 as matutinal nausea. 
 
 Matzol (mat'-zol). A mixture of cod-liver oil, 
 50 parts; matzoon, 45 parts; emulsifying in- 
 gredients, 5 parts. 
 
 Matzoon (mat'-zun). Milk fermented with a 
 peculiar ferment obtained from Asiatic Turkey. 
 It is used like kumiss in irritated states of the 
 gastrointestinal tract. 
 
 Mauchart's Ligaments. The lateral or alar 
 odontoid ligaments. 
 
 Maumene's Test for Sugar. A strip of flannel 
 saturated with a 33?$% solution of stannous 
 chlorid is dipped into the liquid; on heating it 
 to nearly 150 C. it will turn brownish-black. 
 
 Maunoir's Hydrocele. A cystic tumor occur- 
 ring in the neck between the angle of the 
 inferior maxilla and the mastoid process. 
 Syn., Hydrocele colli. 
 
 Mauriceau's Lance. An instrument for per- 
 forating the fetal head in craniotomy. 
 
 Mauthner's Sheath. The thin, longitudin- 
 ally striated, protoplasmic layer surrounding 
 the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber. M.'s Test 
 for Color Vision, 33 small bottles filled with 
 different pigments — some with one, others 
 with two (pseudoisochromatic and aniso- 
 
 chromatic), pigments — are employed in the 
 manner of Holmgren's worsteds. 
 
 Mauvein (maw'-ve-in) [Fr., mauve, mallow], 
 C 25 H 24 N 4 . A base derived from anilin. 
 
 Maxilla (maks-iV -ah) [L.]. The bone of the 
 upper or lower jaw. 
 
 Maxillary (maks' -il-a-re) [maxilla]. Pertaining 
 to the maxillas or jaws. M. Bones, the 
 bones of the jaws, consisting of the lower 
 and upper jaw. M. Nerve, Inferior. See 
 under Nerve. M. Nerve, Superior. See 
 under Nerve. M. Sinus, the antrum of 
 Highmore in the superior maxilla. 
 
 Maxillate (maks'.-il-dt) . Furnished with jaws. 
 
 Maxilliferous (maks-il-if -er-us) . See Maxillate. 
 
 Maxillomuscular (maks -il - - mus' - ku-lar). 
 Relating to the maxillary muscles. 
 
 M.a.xillosu$Ta.f a.cial(mdks-il-o-su-prah-f a' -shal). 
 Relating to the maxilla and the upper portion 
 of the face. 
 
 Maximal (maks' '-im-al) [maximum]. Pertain- 
 ing to the maximum; highest; largest. M. 
 Thermometer, one registering the highest 
 point reached by the temperature. 
 
 Maximum (maks' - int - um) [L., neuter of 
 maximus, the greatest]. The greatest or 
 highest degree or amount of anything; the 
 highest point attained or attainable by any- 
 thing. M. Dose, the largest dose of a 
 medicament that may be given safely. 
 
 Maxwell's Ring. See Loewe's Ring. 
 
 May-apple. See Podophyllum. 
 
 MaydPs Method. See Operation, MaydVs. 
 
 Mayhem (ma'-hem) [OF., mehaigner, to hurt]. 
 Maiming. 
 
 Mayol (ma'-ol). A meat -preservative intro- 
 duced by May, of Budapest, and said to be 
 a mixture of boric acid, ammonium fluorid, 
 glycerol, and alcohol (methyl and ethyl). 
 
 Maytenus (ma'-ten-us) [Mayten, Chilian name]. 
 A genus of shrubs of the order Celastrinece. 
 M. boariais is indigenous to Chili; the leaves 
 are used on inflammatory swellings, espe- 
 cially in poisoning by species of Rhus. 
 
 Mazodynia (ma-zo-din'-e-ah). See Mastodynia. 
 
 Mazoitis (ma-zo-i'-tis). See Mastitis. 
 
 Mazzoni's Corpuscle. See Corpuscle, Maz- 
 zoni's. 
 
 Meadow-saffron. See Colchicum. 
 
 Measles (mez'-elz) [Du., maselin, measles]. 
 1. An acute, infectious disease, characterized 
 by a peculiar eruption and by catarrhal inflam- 
 mation of the mucosas of the conjunctiva and 
 the air-passages. After a period of incubation 
 of nearly two weeks the disease begins with a 
 chill, fever, coryza, cough, and conjunctivitis; 
 on the third or fourth day a dusky-red, papu- 
 lar eruption appears, arranged in the form of 
 crescentic groups. After having reached its 
 maximum, in three or four days, the eruption 
 gradually fades, and is followed by a branny 
 desquamation. The disease affects princi- 
 pally the young, is exceedingly contagious, 
 and one attack of it confers almost perpetual 
 immunity. Its cause is thought to be a bacil- 
 lus. 2. A disease of hogs, cattle, and sheep, 
 due to the presence in the body of Cysticercus 
 
MEASLY 
 
 590 
 
 MEDIASTINUM 
 
 celluloses and larvas of other tape -worms. 
 3. The cysticerci themselves. M., Black, 
 M., Hemorrhagic, a grave variety of measles 
 in which the eruption is hemorrhagic and the 
 constitutional symptoms profound. M., Ger- 
 man. See Rubella. 
 
 Measly (mez'-le) [measles]. Containing measles 
 (cysticerci) . 
 
 Meat {met) [AS., mete]. The muscular tissues 
 of an animal, used as food. 
 
 Meatotomy {me-at-ot' -o-rne) [meatus; to/zt?, 
 section]. Surgical incision of the urinary 
 meatus. 
 
 Meatus {me-a'-tus) [meare, to flow or pass; pi., 
 meati\. An opening or passage. M. auditor- 
 ius externus, the canal extending from the 
 concha to the membrana tympani. M. audi- 
 torius internus, the internal auditory canal. 
 M. nasi communis, the part of the nasal 
 cavity into which the three meati of the nose 
 open. M. nasopharyngeus, that part of 
 the nasal cavity communicating with the 
 pharynx beneath the body of the sphenoid. 
 M. of Nose, one of the three passages into 
 which the turbinal bones divide the nasal 
 cavity. M. urethrae, M. urinarius, the ori- 
 fice of the urethra. 
 
 Mecca Balsam. See Balm 0} Gilead. 
 
 Mechanic, Mechanical {me-kan'-ik, me-kan'- 
 ik-al) \ii-f]X av \i a machine]. Pertaining to 
 mechanics or to physical forces, not to chemic 
 or vital forces. M. Theory, Virchow's theory 
 of tumor-formation, according to which 
 tumors are due primarily to local irritation. 
 
 Mechanics (me-kan'-iks) [mechanic]. The 
 science that treats of the influence and effects 
 of force upon matter, and that may be divided 
 into statics, the science treating of matter at 
 rest, and dynamics, that treating of matter 
 in motion. 
 
 Mechanism {mek'-an-izm) [mechanic]. 1. An 
 aggregation of parts arranged in a mechanic 
 way to perform the functions of a machine. 
 2. The manner in which a mechanic act is 
 performed, as the mechanism of labor. 
 
 Mechanotherapy {mek-an-o-ther' -ap-e) [me- 
 chanic; depojzeca, treatment]. The use of 
 mechanic agencies in the treatment of injury 
 or disease. 
 
 Mecism {me'-sizm) [p-fjiwc, length]. A condition 
 marked by abnormal prolongation of one or 
 more parts of the body. 
 
 Meckel's Cartilage. ' See Cartilage, Meckel's. 
 M.'s Cavity, a recess in the dura over the sum- 
 mit of the petrosa for the reception of the two 
 roots of the fifth cranial nerve after their 
 exit from the pons. Syn., Cavum meckelii. 
 M.'s Crural Arch. See Ligament, PouparVs. 
 M.'s Diverticulum, the remains of the 
 vitelline duct, frequently met as a small elon- 
 gated pouch attached to the lower portion 
 of the ileum. M.'s Ganglion, the spheno- 
 palatine ganglion. M.'s Space, a dural space 
 lodging the gasserian ganglion. 
 
 Mecon {me'-kon) [L.]. 1. The poppy. 2. 
 Opium. 
 
 Meconalgia {me-kon-al'-je-ah) [mecon; alyoc, 
 
 pain]. Pain or neuralgia following the disuse 
 of opium. 
 
 Meconarcein {mek-o-nar' -se-in) [mecon]. A 
 mixture of alkaloids of opium, free from 
 morphin, having sedative properties. Recom- 
 mended in bronchial affections and neuralgia. 
 Dose \-\ gr. (0.01-0.03 Gm.). 
 
 Meconate {mek'-on-dt) [mecon], A salt of 
 meconic acid. 
 
 Meconic {mek-on' -ik) . Pertaining to opium. 
 M. Acid. See Acid, Meconic. 
 
 Meconin {mek'-on-in) [mecon], C 10 H 10 O 4 . A 
 crystalline substance that is obtained on 
 boiling narcotin with water. It is hypnotic. 
 Dose 1 gr. (o.c6 Gm.). 
 
 Meconium {mek-o'-ne-um) [mecon]. The first 
 fecal discharges of the newborn, a dark- 
 green, viscid substance, composed of the 
 secretion of the liver with exfoliated epithe- 
 lium from the bowel. 
 
 Medea {me'-de-aK) [Mrjdeca, Medea, a sorceress]. 
 1. The genital organs. 2. Aphrodisiacs. 
 
 Media {me'-de-aK) [fern, of medius, middle]. 
 The middle coat of a vein, artery, or lymph- 
 vessel. 
 
 Mediad {me' -de-ad) [median]. Toward the 
 median plane or line. 
 
 Medial {me'-de-al). See Median. 
 
 Median {me'-de-an) [medius, middle]. Situated 
 or placed in the middle; mesal or mesial. M. 
 Artery. See under Artery. M. Nerve. See 
 under Nerve. 
 
 Mediastinal {me-de-as-ti'-nal). Pertaining to 
 the mediastinum. 
 
 Mediastinitis {me-de-as-tin-i'-tis) [mediastinum; 
 czee, inflammation]. Inflammation of the cel- 
 lular tissue of the mediastinum. 
 
 Mediastinopericarditis {me-de-as-tin-o-per-ik- 
 ar-di'-tis) [mediastinum; pericarditis]. Com- 
 bined inflammation of the mediastinum and 
 the pericardium. M., Callous, that attended 
 with fibrous thickening of the pericardium. 
 
 Mediastinum {me-de-as-ti'-num) [in medio 
 stare, to stand in the middle]. 1. A parti- 
 tion separating adjacent parts. 2. The space 
 left in the middle of the chest between the 
 two pleuras, divided into the anterior, middle, 
 posterior, and superior mediastinum. The 
 anterior mediastinum contains the origins of 
 the triangularis sterni muscles, the internal 
 mammary vessels of the left side, loose areo- 
 lar tissue, lymphatic vessels, and a few lym- 
 phatic glands. The middle mediastinum con- 
 tains the heart and pericardium, the as- 
 cending aorta, the superior vena cava, the 
 bifurcation of the trachea, the pulmonary 
 arteries and veins, and the phrenic nerves. 
 The posterior mediastinum contains a part of 
 the aorta, the greater and lesser azygos veins, 
 the pneumogastric and splanchnic nerves, 
 the esophagus, the thoracic duct, and some 
 lymphatic glands. The superior mediastinum, 
 that part lying above the pericardium, con- 
 tains the origins of the sternohyoid and sterno- 
 thyroid muscles, and part of the longus colli 
 muscles, the transverse portion of the aortic 
 arch, the innominate, left carotid, and sub- 
 
 a_ 
 
MEDIATE 
 
 591 
 
 MEDULLARY 
 
 clavian arteries, the superior vena cava and 
 the innominate veins, the left superior in- 
 tercostal vein, the pneumogastric, cardiac, 
 phrenic, and left recurrent laryngeal nerves, 
 the trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, the 
 remains of the thymus gland, and lym- 
 phatics. M. testis, a septum in the posterior 
 portion of the testicle formed by a projection 
 inward of the tunica albuginea. 
 
 Mediate {me'-de-dt) [media]. Indirect; per- 
 formed through something interposed, as 
 mediate percussion, percussion on a plexi- 
 meter. 
 
 Medical (med'-ik-al) [medicine]. Pertain- 
 ing to medicine. M. Diseases, diseases 
 treated by the physician, as distinguished 
 from surgical diseases. M. Ethics, those 
 principles of justice, honor, and courtesy that 
 regulate the intercourse and conduct of phy- 
 sicians. M. Jurisprudence. See Jurispru- 
 dence, Medical. 
 
 Medicament (med-ik e -am-ent) [medicine]. A 
 medicinal substance. 
 
 Medicated {med '-ik-a-ted) . Impregnated with 
 a medicinal substance. 
 
 Medication {med-ik-a' -shun) [medicus]. i. 
 Impregnation with a medicine. 2. Treat- 
 ment by medicines; the administration of 
 medicines. M.,Endermic. See Cataphoresis. 
 M., Hypodermatic, treatment by the intro- 
 duction of medicines beneath the skin, usually 
 by means of a hypodermatic syringe. M., 
 Kataphoric. See Cataphoresis. 
 
 Medicinal (med-is' '-in-al) [medicine]. Pertain- 
 ing to, or having the nature of, a medicine. 
 M. Rashes, eruptions on the skin following 
 the internal administration of certain drugs. 
 
 Medicine (med'-is-in) [medicari, to heal]. 1, 
 Any substance given for the cure of disease. 
 2. The science of the treatment of disease; 
 the healing art. In a restricted sense, that 
 branch of the healing art dealing with inter- 
 nal diseases. M., Anatomic, that system 
 which deals with the anatomic changes in 
 diseased organs and their connection with 
 symptoms manifested during life. M., Clin- 
 ical, the study of disease by the bedside of 
 the patient. M., Experimental, that based 
 upon experiments on animals and the obser- 
 vation of pathologic changes in diseases in- 
 duced in them and the effect of drugs ad- 
 ministered. M., Forensic, M., Legal, med- 
 ical jurisprudence, or medicine in its rela- 
 tion to questions of law. M., Practice of, 
 the practical application of the principles 
 taught by the theory of medicine. M., Pre- 
 ventive, that which aims at the prevention 
 of disease. M., Vibratory, a method of 
 treating nervous diseases, paralysis agitans, 
 etc., by mechanic shaking or percussion, by 
 means of journeys on railroad or wagon or 
 specially devised apparatus for methodic shak- 
 ing of the body. 
 
 Medicochirurgic (med-ik-o-ki-rur'-jik) [medi- 
 cine; chirurgicus, a surgeon]. Pertaining con- 
 jointly to medicine and surgery. 
 
 Medicolegal (med-ik-o-le' -gal) [medicine; 
 
 is, legal]. Relating both to medicine and 
 to the law. 
 
 Medicon {med'-ik-on) [/jltjockov]. A harmful or 
 noxious drug. 
 
 Medicornu (me-de-kor' -nu) . See Cornu de- 
 scendens. 
 
 Medicostatistic (med-ik-o-stat-is'-tik). Relat- 
 ing to medicine as connected with statistics. 
 
 Medicus (med'-ik-us) [L.]. A physician. 
 
 Medifixed (me'-de-fikst) [medius, middle; fixus, 
 fixed]. Attached by the middle. 
 
 Medifrontal (me-de-fron 1 '-tal) [medius, middle; 
 Irons, forehead]. Relating to the middle of 
 the forehead. 
 
 Mediglycin {me-de-glis' -in) . A liquid glycerol 
 soap used as a vehicle. 
 
 Medina-worm {me-di' -nah-wurm) . See Filaria 
 medinensis. 
 
 Medio- (me-de-o-) [medius, middle]. A prefix 
 meaning middle. 
 
 Mediodigital (me-de-o-dif -it-al) . Relating to 
 the median nerve and a finger. 
 
 Mediolateral (me-de-o-lat '-er-al) [medio-; latus, 
 side]. Pertaining to the middle and to a side. 
 
 Mediopalatine {me-de-o-paV -at-in) . Relating 
 to the center of the palate. 
 
 Mediopontine (me-de-o-pon'-tin) [medio-; pons, 
 bridge]. Pertaining to the central portion of 
 the pons. 
 
 Mediotarsal {jne-de-o-tar' -sal) [medio-; tarsus]. 
 Pertaining to the middle articulation of the 
 tarsal bones. 
 
 Mediterranean Fever {med-it-er-a' -ne-an) . See 
 Fever, Mediterranean. 
 
 Medium {me'-de-um) [medius, middle]. 1. 
 That in which anything moves or through 
 which it acts. 2. The soil upon which any- 
 thing grows, especially a substance used for cul- 
 tivating bacteria; culture or nutrient medium. 
 
 Medulla (me-dul'-ah) [L., "marrow"]. 1. The 
 marrow. 2. The medulla oblongata. 3. 
 Anything resembling marrow in structure or 
 in its relations to other parts — as a fatty sub- 
 stance or marrow occupying certain cavities. 
 Also the central parts of certain organs as 
 distinguished from the cortex. M. of Kid- 
 ney. See under Kidney. M. of Nerve-fiber, 
 the white substance of Schwann. See under 
 Nerve-fiber. M. oblongata, the upper en- 
 larged part of the spinal cord, extending from 
 the cord opposite the foramen magnum to 
 the pons varolii. M. spinalis, the spinal 
 cord or marrow. 
 
 Medulladen {med-ul-ad' '-en) . A preparation of 
 bone-marrow of beef; it is used in anemia, 
 gout, etc. Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). 
 
 Medullary (med' -ul-a-re) [medidla]. 1. Per- 
 taining to the marrow; resembling marrow. 
 2. Pertaining to any medulla, as that of the 
 brain. 3. Pertaining to the medulla oblon- 
 gata. M. Canal, the hollow interior of long 
 bones in which the marrow lies. M. Car- 
 cinoma, a soft carcinoma very rich in cells. 
 M. Groove, a longitudinal groove at the an- 
 terior part of the embryonal shield of the 
 blastoderm. M. Rays. See under Kidney. 
 M. Sheath, the semifluid white matter be- 
 
MEDULLATED 
 
 592 
 
 MEL 
 
 tween the enveloping sheath and central axis- 
 cylinder of a nerve. 
 
 Medullated (med'-ul-a-ted). Containing or 
 covered by medulla or marrow. M, Nerve - 
 fibers, nerve-fibers provided with a medul- 
 lary sheath, the white substance of Schwann. 
 
 Medullispinal (med-ul-e-spi'-nal) [medulla; 
 spine]. Relating to the spinal cord. 
 
 Medullitis (med-ul-i' -lis) [medulla; exec, inflam- 
 mation], i. Inflammation of marrow. 2. 
 - Myelitis. 
 
 Medullization (med-ul-iz-a' -shun) [medulla]. 
 Conversion into marrow, as the softening of 
 bone-tissue in the course of osteitis. 
 
 Medullose, Medullous (med-ul'-os, -us). Con- 
 taining much pith or marrow. 
 
 Mega-, Megalo- (meg-ah-, meg-al-o-) [pLeyac, 
 large]. Prefixes signifying large; also, in- 
 dicating a unit 1,000,000 times greater than 
 the unit to which it is prefixed. 
 
 Megacephalic, Megacephalous (meg-ah-sef- 
 al'-ik, meg-ah-sef'-al-us) See Megalo cephalic. 
 
 Megacoly (meg-ak'-ol-e). See Megalocoly. 
 
 Megakaryocyte, Megacaryocyte (meg-ah- 
 kar'-e-o-slt). See Myeloplax. 
 
 Megalgia (meg-aV '-je-ah) [mega-; dXyoc, pain]. 
 Excessively severe pain. 
 
 Megaloblast {meg' ' -al-o-blast) [megalo-; /HXaoroc, 
 a germ]. A giant-corpuscle of the blood. 
 The term is restricted to embryonic or germ- 
 inal cells as distinguished from megalocyte, 
 which pertains to adult life. 
 
 Megalocephalic (meg-al-o-sef-aV -ik) [megalo- 
 cephaly]. Large-headed; applied to a skull 
 the capacity of which exceeds 1450 Cc. 
 
 Megalocephaly (meg-al-o-sef -al-e) [megalo-; 
 KS(f>aXrj, head]. 1. The condition of having 
 a very large head. 2. A disease character- 
 ized by progressive enlargement of the head, 
 face, and neck, involving both the bony and 
 the soft tissues. Syn., Leontiasis ossea. 
 
 Megalocoly (meg-al-ok'-ol-e) [megalo-; koXov, 
 colon]. A uniform increase in the internal 
 diameter of the colon, with thickening of 
 the walls. 
 
 Megalocornea (meg-al-o-kor' '-ne-ah) [megalo-; 
 cornea]. An enlarged condition of the cornea. 
 
 Megalocyte (meg'-al-o-sit) [megalo-; kutoc, cell]. 
 An abnormally large red blood-corpuscle. 
 
 Megalocytosis (meg-al-o-si-to'-sis) [megalo- 
 cyte]. The presence of large numbers of 
 greatly enlarged erythrocytes in the blood. 
 
 Megalodactylous (meg-al-o-dak' -til-us) [meg- 
 alo-; daiczuXoc, digit]. Having abnormally 
 large fingers and toes. 
 
 Megalogastria (meg-al-o-gas' -tre-ah) [megalo-; 
 Xaorrjp, belly]. Abnormal enlargement of the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Megaloglossia (meg-al-o-glos'-e-ah) . See Mac- 
 roglossia. 
 
 Megalomania (me g-al-o-ma' -ne-ah) [megalo-; 
 fiavta, madness]. 1. Mania characterized by 
 delusions of grandeur. 2. The delirium of 
 grandeur. 
 
 Megalomelia (meg-al-o-me'-le-ah) [megalo-; p.k- 
 Xoc, limb]. A monster with excessively large 
 limbs. 
 
 Megalonychosis (meg-al-on-ik-o'-sis) [megalo-; 
 6vu$, nail]. Universal noninflammatory en- 
 largement of the nails. 
 
 Megaloporous (meg-al-op'-or-us). Character- 
 ized by large pores. 
 
 Megalopsia (meg-al-op'-se-ah) [megalo-; tyce, 
 sight]. A disturbance of vision in which 
 objects seem larger than they are. 
 
 Megalosyndactyly (meg-al -0 -sin -dak' -til -e) 
 Syndactylism attended by hypertrophy. 
 
 Megarrhizin (meg-ar-iz'-in). A bitter glucosid 
 from the root of Echinocystis fabacea. It is 
 said to be an active cathartic. 
 
 Megavolt {meg' -ah-voli) . A unit equal to 
 1,000,000 volts. 
 
 Meglin's Palatine Point. The point of emer- 
 gence of the large palatine nerve from the 
 palatomaxillary canal; it constitutes at times 
 one of the painful points in neuralgia of the 
 superior maxillary branch of the trigeminus. 
 
 Megohm (meg' -dm). A unit equal to 1,000,- 
 000 ohms. 
 
 Megophthalmus (meg-of-thal'-mus) . See Kera- 
 toglobus. 
 
 Megoxycyte (meg-ok' -se-slt) [mega-; o^uc, sharp; 
 kijtoc, cell]. A large oxyphil cell, one of 
 the coarsely granular eosinophil cells or 
 a-granules of Ehrlich. See under Color- 
 analysis. 
 
 Megrim (me' -grim). See Migraine. 
 
 Menu's Test for Albumin. Treat the solu- 
 tion with 2 or 3% of its volume of nitric 
 acid, and add 10 volumes of a solution of 1 
 part phenol and 1 part acetic acid in 2 parts 
 of 90% alcohol and shake. The presence 
 of albumin is evinced by the formation of a 
 precipitate. 
 
 Meibomian Calculus (mi-bo' -me-an). The 
 hardened secretion of the meibomian glands 
 that may accumulate on the inner surface of 
 the eyelids. M. Cyst, M. Tumor, chalazion. 
 M. Foramen, the cecal foramen of the 
 tongue. M. Glands, tarsal glands; sebace- 
 ous follicles embedded in the tarsal plates 
 of the eyelids. M. Sty, one produced by 
 suppuration of a meibomian gland. Syn., 
 Hordeolum internum. 
 
 Meigs' Capillaries. See Capillaries, Meigs' . 
 
 Meinert's Form of Enteroptosis. Enter- 
 optosis occurring in chlorotic subjects. 
 
 Meissner's Corpuscles (mis'-nerz). Ovoid, 
 laminated corpuscles connected with medul- 
 lated nerve-fibers which wind around the 
 lower pole before entering them; they are 
 found in the papillas of the volar surfaces of 
 the fingers and toes. M.'s Ganglions, the 
 ganglionic nodes in Meissner's plexus. M.'s 
 Plexus, a plexus of nerves found in the 
 submucous layer of the small intestine. 
 
 Meissner-Billroth's Plexus. See Meissner's 
 Plexus. 
 
 Mel [L.]. Honey. The saccharine substance 
 deposited in the honeycomb by the common 
 honey-bee, Apis mellifera, and a few other 
 hymenopterous insects. It contains a large 
 amount of dextrose and levulose, and has the 
 same properties as sugar. In medicine it is 
 
MELACHOL 
 
 593 
 
 MELIA 
 
 used as a vehicle, especially in gargles, and 
 as an application to foul ulcers. M. boracis 
 (B. P.) honey of borax, is used as a mouth- 
 wash in thrush and aphthae. M. depura- 
 tum (U. S. P.), clarified honey. M. rosae 
 (U. S. P.), honey of rose, is used as an addi- 
 tion to gargles in ulcerated conditions of the 
 mouth and throat. 
 
 Melachol {meV -ak-ol) . Sodium citrophos- 
 phate, consisting of sodium phosphate, ioo 
 parts; sodium nitrate, 2 parts; citric acid, 
 13 parts, rubbed together and mixed with 
 100 parts of water; used in liver complaints. 
 
 Melaena (mel-e'-nah). See Helena. 
 
 Melanaemia (mel-an-e' -me-ah) . See Melane- 
 mia. 
 
 Melancholia, Melancholy (mel-an-ko'-le-ah, 
 mel' -an-kol-e) \jikXac, black; %oM}, bile]. A dis- 
 order of the mind characterized by a pro- 
 found emotional depression and a tendency 
 toward introspection, impairment of the men- 
 tal and physical faculties, with or without 
 delusions. M. agitata, a form associated 
 with excessive motor excitement. The pa- 
 tient rushes about, wringing his hands and 
 lamenting loudly. M. attonita, a form in 
 which the patient is perfectly motionless, lies 
 in bed or sits up with his eyes open and fixed, 
 and is absolutely indifferent to everything 
 about him. Syn., Stuporous melancholia. 
 M., Panphobic, that associated with the 
 dread of everything. M. passiva, M., Pas- 
 sive, a chronic form of slow development 
 and gradual failure of the physical powers. 
 M., Simple, a mild form without delusions. 
 Syn., Hypomelancholia; Melancholia without 
 delirium. M., Stuporous. See M. attonita. 
 
 Melancholiac (mel-an-ko'-le-ak) [see Melan- 
 cholia]. 1. Suffering from melancholia. 2. 
 A person affected with melancholia. 
 
 Melanedema (mel-an-e-de'-mah) \jikXag, black; 
 o'idfjtxa, swelling]. Melanosis of the lungs. 
 
 Melanemia (mel-an-e' -me-ah) [jiiXac, black; 
 alfia, blood]. The presence in the blood- 
 plasma or in the corpuscles, or in both, of 
 dark pigment-granules due to the disintegra- 
 tion of the hemoglobin. Its most common 
 cause is malaria. Syn., Hemochromatosis. 
 
 Melanephidrosis (mel-an-e f-id-ro' -sis) [aeXag, 
 black; kcficdpooocg, excessive perspiration]. 
 Black perspiration. 
 
 Melanidrosis (mel-an-id-ro'-sis). See Melan- 
 ephidrosis. 
 
 Melanin (mel'-an-in) [p.kXag, black]. A black 
 pigmentary matter occurring naturally in the 
 choroid coat of the eye, the skin, the hair, 
 the muscles, and, pathologically, in the skin 
 in Addison's disease and in melanotic tumors. 
 Melanin usually contains sulfur and rarely 
 iron. It is a product of cell-activity and 
 belongs to the socalled metabolic pigments. 
 
 Melanism (mel'-an-izm) [melanin']. The ab- 
 normal deposition of dark pigment in an or- 
 gan or organism. 
 
 Melano • (mel-an-o-) [jieXaf, black]. A prefix 
 signifying black or dark-colored, or relating 
 to melanin. 
 39 
 
 Melanocarcinoma (mel-an-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). 
 A carcinoma containing melanin. 
 
 Melanocyte (mel' -an-o-sit) [melano-; kuzoc, a 
 cell]. A wandering lymph-cell which has 
 become discolored by the absorption of dark 
 pigment-granules. 
 
 Melanoderma, Melanodermia (mel-an-o-der' - 
 mah, mel-an-o-der' -me-ah) [melano-; oipp.a, 
 skin]. Black pigmentation of the skin. M., 
 Parasitic. See Vagabond's Disease. 
 
 Melanogen (mel-an' -o-jen) \tnelano-; ytwav, to 
 produce]. A material which becomes melanin 
 on receiving the appropriate stimulus. 
 
 Melanoid (mel'-an-oid) [melano-; ecooc, like]. 
 Dark-colored; of the nature of melanosis. 
 
 Melanoma (mel-an-o' -mah) [melano-; bpa, tu- 
 mor]. A tumor containing melanin. 
 
 Melanopathy (mel-an-o p' -at h-e) [melano-; tMoc, 
 disease]. A disease attended with a deposit 
 of dark pigment. 
 
 Melanoplakia (mel-an-o-pla'-ke-ah) [melano-; 
 TiXaq, surface]. Pigmentation of the mucous 
 membrane of the mouth. 
 
 Melanorrhagia (mel-an-or-a'-je-ah) [melano-; 
 pjjpjuvac, to burst forth]. The copious dis- 
 charge of blackened feces. 
 
 Melanosarcoma (mel-an-o-sar-ko'-mah) [mel- 
 aiw-; sarcoma]. A sarcoma containing mel- 
 anin. 
 
 Melanoscirrhus (mel-an-o -skir' -us) A form 
 of scirrhous carcinoma characterized by pig- 
 mentation. 
 
 Melanosis (mel-an-o' -sis) [melano-; voaog, dis- 
 ease]. A general tendency to the formation 
 in the blood, and the deposition in organs, 
 of a dark granular pigment which is usually 
 derived from the hemoglobin of the blood. 
 M. lenticularis progressiva. See Xero- 
 derma pigmentosum. 
 
 Melanotic (mel-an-ot'-ik) [melanosis]. Per- 
 taining to or characterized by melanosis or 
 by a deposit of melanin. 
 
 Melanthera (mel-an' -ther-ah) [ptiXac, black; dvd-q- 
 pdf, blossoming]. A genus of composite plants. 
 M. brownei is an African plant the leaves 
 of which in infusion are recommended as a 
 substitute for quinin. 
 
 Melanuria (mel-an-u'-re-ah) [aiXac, black; 
 oupov, urine].' The presence of black pigment 
 in the urine. 
 
 Melasicterus (mel-as-ik'-ter-us) [jiiXac-, black; 
 'cfczepof, jaundice]. Black jaundice; jaundice 
 with great discoloration of the skin. 
 
 Melasma (mel-az'-mah) [piXac, black]. A de- 
 posit of dark pigment in the skin. M. supra- 
 renale, Addison's disease. 
 
 Melena (mel-e'-nah) [piXac, black]. The dis- 
 charge of stools colored black by altered 
 blood. It is quite common in the newborn. 
 Melaena neonatorum, an extravasation of 
 blood into the stomach and intestines of the 
 newborn infant, occurring most often in the 
 first few hours of life. 
 
 Melezitose (mel-ez'-it-os) [Ft., meleze, larch], 
 C^H^O^ + 2H 2 0. A sugar found in Eu- 
 ropean false manna, or Briacon manna. 
 
 Melia (me'-le-ah) [psXca, the ash, on account 
 
MELICERA 
 
 594 
 
 MEMBRANE 
 
 of the similarity of its leaves]. A genus of 
 the order Meliacece. M. azadirachta is in- 
 digenous to Asia, but naturalized in south- 
 ern Europe and America. The entire plant 
 is bitter and narcotic, in small doses purgative 
 and anthelmintic; the leaves and blossoms 
 are vulnerary and stomachic; the bark, called 
 margosa, is tonic and emmenagog; the root 
 bark is used in lepra and scrofula and as 
 an emetic; the oil of the seeds is antiseptic. 
 M . azedarach is indigenous to Asia and nat- 
 uralized in the United States. The root 
 bark is anthelmintic. Dose of fluidextract 
 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc). The oil from the 
 seeds is used in skin diseases and as a vul- 
 nerary. 
 
 Melicera, Meliceris (mel-is-e'-rah, mel-is-e' -ris) 
 [mel; Kypog, wax]. A cyst containing a, sub- 
 stance having a honey-like appearance. 
 
 Melilotus (mel-il-o' '-tus) [mel; Xooroc, lotus]. 
 A genus of leguminous herbs. M. officina- 
 lis, the sweet clover, is official in the 
 G. P. It contains coumarin (C 9 H 6 2 ), mel- 
 ilotic acid (C 9 H 10 O 3 ), and coumaric acid (C 9 - 
 H 8 3 ), of which coumarin is the anhydrid. 
 It is used but little at the present day. 
 
 Melinous (mel'-in-us) [firjXtvoc]. Quince-col- 
 ored. 
 
 Melissa (mel-is'-ah) [[ikXcaaa, a bee]. A genus 
 of labiate plants. M. officinalis, balm or 
 lemon-balm, is a species growing in southern 
 Europe. Balm is used as a drink in febrile 
 affections and as a flavoring agent. 
 
 Melissic (mel-is'-ik) [mel]. Obtained from 
 honey or from beeswax. 
 
 Melitagra (mel-it-a'-grah) [mel; ay pa, seizure]. 
 Eczema associated with the formation of 
 soft, honey-colored crusts. 
 
 Melitemia {mel-it-e' -me-ah) [mel; alpta, blood]. 
 The presence of an excess of sugar in the 
 blood. 
 
 Melitose (mel'-it-os) [mel], C 12 H 22 O n . A 
 crystalline sugar occurring in Australian 
 manna, flour of cotton-seeds, sugar-beets, 
 and in the molasses obtained in the manu- 
 facture of sugar. 
 
 Melituria (mel - it -u' -re -ah) [melitose; oupov, 
 urine]. Diabetes mellitus. M. inosita, the 
 presence of inosit in the urine. 
 
 Mellite (mel' -it). See Mellitum. 
 
 Mellithemia (mel-ith-e' -me-ah) . See Melitemia. 
 
 Mellitum (mel-i'-tum) [mel]. In pharmacy, 
 a honey; a preparation in which honey is the 
 menstruum. M. rosse. See Mel rosce. 
 
 Melmaroba (mel-mar-o' -bah) . A liquid prepa- 
 ration said to contain Brunfelsia uniflora, 
 caroba, stillingia, and potassium iodid; it 
 is used in syphilis, chronic skin diseases, and 
 rheumatism. Dose 1-2 dr. (3.75-7.5 Cc). 
 
 Melol (mel'-ol) [mel]. Disguised castor-oil. 
 
 Melomelus (mel-om'-el-us) [{liXoc, limb]. A 
 monster with supernumerary limbs. 
 
 Melon (mel'-on) [p.fjXov, an apple]. 1. See Ci- 
 truttus and Cucumis. 2. A proprietary cica- 
 trizant and vulnerary. M.-root, the root of 
 muskmelon, Cucumis melo. Dose of culti- 
 vated root 6 dr. (25 Gm.); of wild root 
 
 8-11 gr. (0.51-0. 71 Gm.). M. -seed Bodies, 
 fibrous bodies, resembling melon-seeds in 
 size, sometimes found in joints and cysts 
 of tendon-sheaths. 
 
 Melonemetin (mel-on-em' -et-in) . See Melon- 
 enemetin. 
 
 Melonenemetin (mel-on-en-em' -et-in) . A bit- 
 ter brown substance from the root of musk- 
 melon, Cucumis melo. It is used as an 
 emetic and purgative. Dose f-if gr. (0.05- 
 0.07 Gm.). 
 
 Meloplasty (me' -lo-plas-te) [fx-rjXov, cheek; nXaa- 
 oetv, to form]. A plastic operation on the 
 cheek. 
 
 Melosis (me-lo'-sis) [jitjXt), probe]. The process 
 of probing. 
 
 Melting-point. The degree of temperature at 
 which solids pass into the liquid state. 
 
 Meltzer's Sign. Normally, on auscultation of 
 the heart (at the side of the xiphoid appen- 
 dix) there is heard, after swallowing, a first 
 sound produced by the flowing of fine drops, 
 and six or seven seconds after, a "glou-glou." 
 According to Meltzer, the second sound fails 
 in the case of occlusion or pronounced con- 
 traction of the lower part of the esophagus. 
 
 Melulose (mel' -u-loz) . A concentrated extract 
 of malt. 
 
 Member (mem' -her) [membrum, a limb]. A 
 part of the body, especially a projecting part, 
 as the leg or the arm. 
 
 Membrana (mem-bra' -nah) [L.]. A mem- 
 brane. M. adventitia, the adventitia of 
 blood-vessels; also, the decidua reflexa. M. 
 agnina, the amnion. M. basilaris. See 
 M. propria. M. caduca, the decidua. M. 
 capsularis, a capsular ligament. M. de- 
 cidua. See Decidua. M. fiaccida. See 
 Membrane, ShrapnelVs. M. germinativa, the 
 blastoderm. M. granulosa, the layer of small 
 polyhedral cells within the theca folliculi of 
 the graafian follicle. M. limitans, the limit- 
 ing layer of the retina. There are two — the inter- 
 nal and the external. See Limiting Membrane. 
 M. propria, the delicate membrane upon which 
 the epithelium of mucous membranes rests; 
 the basement -membrane. M. ruyschiana, 
 the middle or capillary layer of the choroid. 
 M. serotina, the part of the decidua enter- 
 ing into the formation of the placenta. M. 
 tectoria, a delicate membrane of the internal 
 ear. Syn., Corti's membrane. See under Ear. 
 M. tensa, the tympanic membrane proper, 
 exclusive of Shrapnell's membrane. M. 
 tenuis, the arachnoid. M. tympani. See 
 Membrane, Tympanic. M. vestibularis. See 
 Membrane of Reissner. 
 
 Membrane (mem'-bran) [membrana, from 
 membrum, member]. A thin layer of tissue 
 surrounding a part or separating adjacent 
 cavities. M., Animal, a membrane made 
 from animal tissues, used in dialyzing. M., 
 Basement-, a delicate membrane, made up 
 of flattened cells, underlying the epithelium 
 ' of mucous surfaces. M.-bone, any bone that 
 originates, not in cartilage, but in membrane, 
 as some of the cranial bones, M. of 
 
MEMBRANE 
 
 595 
 
 MENINGEOCORTICAL 
 
 Bruch, a thin, transparent membrane, the 
 external layer of the choroid of the eye. M., 
 Compound, one made up of two distinct 
 laminas, as seromucous and serofibrous 
 membranes. M. of Corti. See Membrana 
 tectoria. M., Costocoracoid, a dense layer 
 of fascia extending between the subclavius 
 muscle and the pectoralis minor, and forming 
 the anterior portion of the sheath of the 
 axillary vessels. M., Cricothyroid, the 
 membrane connecting the thyroid and cricoid 
 cartilages of the larynx. M., Croupous. 
 See M., Diphtheric. M., Debove's, a layer 
 of flattened connective-tissue cells beneath 
 the epithelium of the bronchial, vesical, and 
 intestinal mucous membranes. M. of Des- 
 cemet. See Descemefs Membrane. M., 
 Diphtheric, a fibrinous layer formed on a 
 mucous membrane or cutaneous surface and 
 extending downward for a variable depth. 
 When not firmly adherent, as in the larynx, 
 it is termed a croupous membrane. It is the 
 result of coagulation-necrosis, generally, but 
 not always, brought about by the bacillus of 
 diphtheria. M., Drum-, the tympanic mem- 
 brane. M., False. - See M., Diphtheric. 
 M., Fenestrated, the elastic membrane of 
 the intima of arteries. Syn., Fenestrated 
 membrane of Henle. M., Fetal, a name 
 given to the chorion, amnion, or allantois. 
 M., Hyaloid, a delicate membrane investing 
 the vitreous humor of the eye. M., Jacob's, 
 the layer of rods and cones of the retina. 
 M., Krause's, a thin, transverse, dark disc 
 bisecting the light substance of the striped 
 muscle-fibers. M., Limiting. See Limiting 
 Membrane. ' M., Mucous, the membrane 
 lining those cavities and canals communicat- 
 ing with the air. It is kept moist by the 
 mucus secreted by the goblet-cells and mucous 
 glands. M. of Nasmyth, a delicate, firm 
 membrane covering the external surface of 
 the enamel for a short time after birth. M., 
 Nictitating, the winking membrane of the 
 lower animals, represented in the human 
 eye by the plica semilunaris. M., Obturator, 
 the fibrous membrane closing the obturator 
 foramen. M., Palatine, the membrane 
 covering the roof of the mouth. M., Per- 
 sistent Pupillary. See M. } Pupillary. M., 
 Pseudoserous, one presenting the moist, 
 glistening surface, etc., of a serous membrane, 
 but differing from it in structure; e. g., the 
 endothelium of the blood-vessels. M., Pupil- 
 lary, a delicate, transparent membrane clos- 
 ing the pupil in the fetus. It disappears 
 between the seventh and eighth months; when 
 it persists after birth, it is termed persistent 
 pupillary membrane. M., Pyogenic, the 
 lining of an abscess-cavity or a fistulous tract. 
 The term should be restricted to the lining 
 of an abscess that is spreading and in which 
 the membrane produces pus. M. of Reiss- 
 ner, a delicate membrane stretching across 
 the outer wall of the cochlea. M., Reticular, 
 the membrane covering the space of the 
 outer hair-cells of the cochlea. M. of Ruysch. 
 
 See Membrana ruyschiana. M., Schneider- 
 ian, the mucosa lining the nasal fossas. M., 
 Secondary Tympanic, the membrane closing 
 the fenestra rotunda. M., Serous, a delicate 
 membrane covered with flat endothelial cells 
 lining closed cavities of the body, e. g., the 
 peritoneum and the pleura. M., Shrapnell's, 
 a small portion of the drum-membrane filling 
 the notch of Rivini. M., Synovial, a mem- 
 brane covering the articular extremities of 
 bones and the inner surface of ligaments 
 entering into the formation of a joint. M., 
 Tenon's. See Capsule of Tenon. M., Thyro- 
 hyoid, the membrane joining the thyroid 
 cartilage and hyoid bone. M., Tympanic, 
 the drum-membrane; the membrane separat- 
 ing the external from the middle ear. It con- 
 sists of three layers: an outer or skin layer, 
 a fibrous layer, and an inner mucous layer. 
 
 Membraniferous (mem-bran-if '-er-us) [mem- 
 brane; ferre, to bear]. Having a membranous 
 expansion. 
 
 Membranins, Membranin Bodies {mem f - 
 bran-inz). A special group of proteins con- 
 taining sulfur, which blackens lead; insoluble 
 in water, salt solution, or dilute acids or 
 alkalis, but soluble in the last two with 
 warmth. Like mucins, they yield a reducing 
 substance by action of dilute mineral acids 
 with heat. They give a beautiful red colora- 
 tion with Millon's reagent. Membranins 
 constitute the substance of Descemet's mem- 
 brane and of the capsule of the crystalline 
 lens. 
 
 Membranocarneous {mem-bra-no-kar 1 '-ne-us) 
 [membrane; carneus, belonging to flesh]. Both 
 membranous and fleshy. 
 
 Membranocartilaginous (mem-bra-no-kar-til- 
 aj'-in-us). Both cartilaginous and fleshy. 
 
 Membranous {mem'-bran-us). Pertaining to, 
 having the nature of, or consisting of, a mem- 
 brane. M. Labyrinth. See Labyrinth, Mem- 
 branous. M. Urethra, the part of the urethra 
 between the two layers of the triangular liga- 
 ment. 
 
 Memory (mem'-o-re) [memor, mindful]. That 
 faculty of the mind by which ideas and sen- 
 sations are recalled. 
 
 Menarche {men'-ar-ke) [fJ-rpj, month; dpyf), 
 beginning]. The period at which menstrua- 
 tion is inaugurated. 
 
 Mendosus {men-do' -sus) [mendax, false]. False; 
 incomplete. 
 
 Menhidrosis, Menidrosis (men-hid-ro'-sis, men- 
 id-ro'-sis) [jirjv, month; lopojocg, sweat]. The 
 replacement of the menstrual flow by a 
 bloody sweat. 
 
 Meniere's Disease (men-e-ar'). Aural vertigo. 
 A disease of the middle ear characterized by 
 sudden deafness and symptoms of apoplexy. 
 Its cause is thought to be effusion or hemor- 
 rhage into the semicircular canals of the ear. 
 
 Meningeal (men-in'-je-al) [meninges]. Per- 
 taining to the meninges. . 
 
 Meningematoma (men-in-je-mat-o'-mah). He- 
 matoma of the dura. 
 
 Meningeocortical (men-in-je-o-kor f -tik-al). Re- 
 
MENINGES 
 
 596 
 
 MENO- 
 
 lating to the meninges and the cortex of the 
 brain. 
 
 Meninges (men-in' -jez). Plural of meninx 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Meninghematoma (men-ing-he-mat-o'-mah) . 
 See Meningematoma. 
 
 Meningism (men' -in-jizm) [meninges]. i. 
 Simple circulatory disturbances of the men- 
 inges, of toxic or hysteric origin. 2. Pseudo- 
 meningitis accompanied by symptoms similar 
 to those of tuberculous meningitis. 
 
 Meningitic (men-in-jif -ik) [meningitis]. Per- 
 taining to, or affected with, meningitis. 
 
 Meningitiform (men-in-jif -i-jorm) [menin- 
 gitis; forma, form]. Resembling meningitis. 
 
 Meningitis (men-in-ji' -tis) [meninges; exec, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the mem- 
 branes of the brain or cord; that of the dura 
 is termed pachymeningitis ; that of the pia 
 arachnoid, leptomeningitis, or simply menin- 
 gitis. Meningitis of the membranes of the 
 brain is classified into acute and chronic, the 
 former being subdivided into serous and 
 purulent, the latter into fibrous, ossifying, 
 and deep, or encephalomeningitis . According 
 to location, two varieties are spoken of — that 
 of the vertex and that of the base. M., Acute 
 Cerebral, that due to traumatism, to exten- 
 sion of inflammation from adjacent struc- 
 tures, especially from the middle ear, the 
 orbit, the nasal sinuses, or to tuberculosis 
 (tuberculous meningitis) ; it may be secondary 
 to acute infectious processes elsewhere . in 
 the body, as pneumonia, erysipelas, typhoid 
 fever, influenza, smallpox, or it may be a 
 primary disease, as in cerebrospinal menin- 
 gitis. M., Acute Spinal, a form that may 
 occur in tuberculosis, as a secondary process 
 in acute infectious diseases, such as smallpox, 
 scarlatina, pneumonia, as a part of epidemic 
 cerebrospinal meningitis, as the result of 
 extension of inflammation from neighboring 
 parts, and as the result of exposure to cold 
 and wet. The symptoms are chill, fever, 
 pain in the back and limbs, rigidity of the 
 muscles, dyspnea, exaggerated reflexes, later 
 paralyses. M., Cerebrospinal, inflammation 
 of the membranes of the brain and spinal 
 cord. The symptoms are "fever, slow pulse, 
 later rapid pulse, headache, delirium, rigidity 
 and retraction of the neck, convulsions, vom- 
 iting, a scaphoid abdomen, constipation, 
 optic neuritis; in advanced stages various 
 palsies occur, such as ptosis, squint, and facial 
 paralysis. In epidemic cerebrospinal menin- 
 gitis there is usually a characteristic eruption. 
 See under Exanthem. M., Chronic Cerebral, 
 a form due to syphilis or tuberculosis, or it 
 may be associated with disease of the brain 
 in encephalomeningitis (paretic dementia). 
 The main symptoms are, in the first two, 
 headache, convulsions, and rigidity of the 
 iriuscles of the neck. M., Chronic Spinal, 
 a variety due to syphilis, traumatism, and the 
 excessive use of alcohol. It is also frequently 
 an accompaniment of the scleroses of the 
 spinal cord. The symptoms are pain, hyper- 
 
 esthesia along the spinal nerves, increased 
 reflexes, paralyses. M., Focal, that con- 
 fined to a very limited area and usually due 
 to traumatism or syphilis. M., Mechanic, 
 that due to traumatism. M., Occlusive, 
 infantile leptomeningitis leading to the oc- 
 clusion of the foramen of Magendie. 
 
 Meningium (men-in' -je-um) . See Arachnoid. 
 
 Meningo- (men-in-go-) [meninges]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to the meninges. 
 
 Meningocele (men-in' -go-set) [meningo-; /a/A>j, 
 hernia]. A protrusion of the cerebral or 
 spinal meninges through a defect in the 
 skull or vertebral column. It forms a cyst 
 filled with cerebrospinal fluid. • 
 
 Meningocerebritis (men-in-go-ser-e-bri'-tis) . 
 See Meningoencephalitis. 
 
 Meningocortical (men-in-go-kor'-tik-al) . See 
 Meningeocortical. 
 
 Meningoencephalitis (men-in-go-en-se)-al-i' - 
 tis). Inflammation of the brain and its 
 membranes. 
 
 Meningoencephalocele (men-in-go-en-se}'-al-o- 
 sel) [meningo-; iynkfyaXov, brain; ktjXt), hernia]. 
 Hernia of the brain and its meninges. 
 
 Meningoencephalomyelitis (men-in- go-en-sej- 
 al-o-mi-el-i' -tis) . Combined inflammation of 
 the meninges, brain, and spinal cord. 
 
 Meningomyelitis (men-in- go-mi-el-i' -tis) . In- 
 flammation of the spinal cord and its meninges. 
 
 Meningomyelocele (men-in-go-mi' -el-o-sel) . A 
 protrusion from the spinal column of a por- 
 tion of the cord and membranes. 
 
 Meningoosteophlebitis (men-in-go-os-te-o-fleb- 
 i'-tis) [meningo-; dorkov, bone; phlebitis]. 
 Periostitis combined with phlebitis of the 
 veins of the bone. 
 
 Meningorachidian (men-in- go -rak-id'-e -an) 
 [meningo-; payjg, spine]. Relating to the 
 spinal meninges. 
 
 Meningosis (men-in-go' -sis) [meninges]. The 
 union of bones by a membranous attachment. 
 
 Meningotyphoid (men-in- go-ti' -joid) . Typhoid 
 with symptoms of meningitis. 
 
 Meninx (men'-ingks) [p.f}vcy£, membrane; pi., 
 meninges]. A membrane, especially one of 
 the brain or spinal cord; the meninges cover- 
 ing the brain and spinal cord consist of the 
 dura, pia, and arachnoid. 
 
 Menischesis (men-is' -ke-sis) . See Ischomenia. 
 
 Meniscus (men-is' -kus) [fi-qvcoKoc, a crescent]. 
 A crescent or crescentic body, especially 
 an interarticular fibrocartilage. Also a con- 
 cavoconvex (positive meniscus) or convexo- 
 concave lens (negative meniscus). M., Tac- 
 tile, a form of nerve-ending with a concave 
 surface turned ectad, each concavity contain- 
 ing a tactile cell. 
 
 Menispermum (men-is-per' -mum) [p.rjvq, moon; 
 onkpixa, seed]. Yellow parilla; Canadian 
 moonseed. The rhizome and roots of M. 
 canadense, of the order Menispermacece. It 
 contains an alkaloid, menispin, and berberin. 
 It is alterative and is used as a substitute for 
 sarsaparilla. 
 
 Meno- (men-o-) [menses]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to the menses. 
 
MENOCELIS 
 
 597 
 
 MEPHITIC 
 
 Menocelis (men-ose' -lis) [meno-; ktjMc, spot] 
 Dark erythematous or hemorrhagic spots 
 occurring upon the skin in failure of men- 
 struation. 
 
 Menopause (men'-o-pawz) [meno-; izauocc, 
 cessation]. The physiologic cessation of men- 
 struation, usually occurring between the forty- 
 fifth and fiftieth years. Syn., Climacteric. 
 
 Menophania (men-o-)a' '-ne-ah) [meno-; <f>aivetv, 
 to appear]. The first appearance of the menses. 
 
 Menoplania (men-o-pla' -ne-ah) [meno-; nXavt], 
 deviation]. A discharge of blood occurring 
 at the menstrual period, but derived from 
 some other part of the body than the uterus. 
 
 Menorrhagia (men-or-a' -je-ah) [meno-; py-fvuvac, 
 to burst forth]. An excessive menstrual flow. 
 
 Menorrhea (men-or-e'-ah) [meno-; poca, a 
 flow]. The normal flow of the menses; 
 also, excessive menstruation. 
 
 Menostasia, Menostasis (men-os-ta'-ze-ah, 
 men-os'-tas-is) [meno-; axaatc, standing]. A 
 suppression of the menstrual flow. 
 
 Mensa (men'-sah) [L.]. A table; the upper 
 surface of the molars. 
 
 Mensalis ■(mensa' -lis). See Trapezius under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Menses (men'sez) [mensis, el month]. The 
 recurrent monthly discharge of blood from the 
 genital canal of a woman during sexual life. 
 
 Menstrual (men' stru-al) [see Menstruation]. 
 Pertaining to menstruation. 
 
 Menstruation (mensiru-a' shun) [menstruus, 
 monthly, from mensis, a month]. A periodic 
 discharge of a sanguineous fluid from the 
 uterus, occurring during the period of a 
 woman's sexual activity, from puberty to the 
 menopause. M., Vicarious, the discharge 
 of blood at the time of menstruation from 
 some organ or part other than the vagina. 
 
 Menstruum (men' stru-um) [menstruus]. A 
 solvent. 
 
 Mensuration (mensu-ra'shun) [mensurare, 
 to measure]. The act of measuring; one of 
 the methods of physical diagnosis. 
 
 Mentagra (men-ta'-grah). See Sycosis. 
 
 Mentagrophyton (men-tag-rof'-it-on) [men- 
 tagra, sycosis; <f>ox6v, a plant]. A fungus, 
 Microsporon mentagrophytes, thought to be 
 the cause of sycosis. 
 
 Mental (men'-tal) [mens, the mind], i. Per- 
 taining to the mind. 2. [mentum, the chin.] 
 Pertaining to the chin. 
 
 Mentha (men'-thah) [L.]. A genus of. labi- 
 ate plants — the mints. M. piperita (U. S. P.), 
 peppermint, the dried leaves and flowering tops 
 of M. piperita. It is an aromatic stimulant, 
 and is used to relieve nausea, flatulence, and 
 spasmodic pain in the stomach and bowel. 
 Menthae piperitae, Aqua (U. S. P.), pepper- 
 mint water. Dose indefinite. Mentha? piper- 
 itae, Oleum (U. S. P.), oil of peppermint. 
 Dose 1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc). Menthae 
 piperitae, Spiritus (U. S. P.), spirit of pep- 
 permint. Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 M. viridis (U. S. P.), spearmint, the dried 
 leaves and flowering tops of M. spicata. Its 
 properties and uses are similar to those of 
 
 M. piperita. Menthae viridis, Aqua (U. 
 
 S. P.), spearmint water. Dose indefinite. 
 Menthae viridis, Oleum (U. S. P.), oil of 
 spearmint. Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). 
 Menthae viridis, Spiritus (U. S. P.), spirit 
 of spearmint. Dose 10-40 min. (0.65-2.3 Cc). 
 
 Menthene (men'-then) [mentha], C 10 H 18 . A 
 liquid hydrocarbon produced when menthol 
 is distilled with phosphorus pentoxid. 
 
 Menthiodol (men-thi'-o-dol). A local applica- 
 tion for neuralgia made by triturating together 
 four parts of menthol heated in a capsule with 
 one part of iodin. 
 
 Menthoform (men'-tho-form). A combina- 
 tion of formaldehyd, glycerol, and menthol. 
 
 Menthol (men'-thol) [mentha], C 10 Hi 9 OH. 
 A crystalline stearopten derived from oil of 
 peppermint, and used as an anodyne and 
 rubefacient in neuralgia, in skin diseases 
 associated with itching, and in rhinitis. Syn., 
 Mint-camphor. 
 
 Mentholeate (men-tho' -le-at) . A solution used 
 in skin' diseases, consisting of menthol, 200 gr., 
 heated with oleic acid, 4 dr. 
 
 Mentholin (men' -thol-in) . A proprietary rem- 
 edy for coryza said to consist of menthol, 
 1 part; pulverized coffee and boric acid, each, 
 10 parts. 
 
 Mentholyptine (men-thol-ip' -ten) . A proprie- 
 tary external antiseptic said to consist of 
 menthol and eucalyptol. 
 
 Menthophenol (men-tho-fe'-nol). An antisep- 
 tic fluid obtained by fusing together one part 
 of phenol and three parts of menthol. It is 
 used in the treatment of burns and wounds, 
 and diluted (15 drops to a glass of water) as 
 a mouth-wash; also as a local anesthetic 
 (3 to 5 % in warm water). 
 
 Menthorol (men' -thor-ol) . A mixture of para- 
 chlorphenol and menthol used in tuberculosis 
 of upper air-passages. 
 
 Menthoxol (men-thoks' -oT) . An antiseptic fluid 
 mixture of 3% solution of hydrogen dioxid, 
 32 to 38 % alcohol, and 1 % menthol. It is 
 innocuous and deodorizing, and is used in 
 suppurating wounds, ozena, etc. 
 
 Menthyl (men'-thil), C 10 H 19 . The hypothetic 
 radicle of menthol. M. Acetoacetate, CH 3 - 
 C(OH) : CH . COOC 10 H 19 , a bactericide. 
 
 Mentoanterior (men-to-an-te' -re-or) [mentum; 
 anterior, before]. Having the chin toward 
 the front. 
 
 Mentoposterior (men-to-pos-te' -re-or) [mentum; 
 posterior, after; behind]. Having the chin 
 toward the back. 
 
 Mentum (men'-tum) [L.]. The chin. 
 
 Menyanthes (men-e-an'-thez) [fJ-yv, month; 
 avdoc, flower, from its reputed emmenagog 
 properties]. A genus of plants of the Gen- 
 tianecs. M . trifoliata, or buckbean, contains 
 a bitter principle, menyanthin (Q-^^O-^, and 
 has been used in malaria, scrofula, dropsy, 
 jaundice, rheumatism, etc. Dose of the 
 powdered leaves 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). 
 Unof. 
 
 Mephitic (mej-it'-ik) [mephiticus, pestilential]. 
 Foul or noxious; stifling; noisome. M. 
 
MERALGIA 
 
 598 
 
 MERCURY 
 
 Gangrene, necrosis of bone associated with 
 the evolution of offensive odors. 
 
 Meralgia (me-ral' -je-ah) [arjpoc, thigh; aXyoe, 
 pain]. Neuralgic pain in the thigh. M. par- 
 aesthetica. See Bernhardt' s Paresthesia. 
 
 Mercaptan (mer-kap' -tan) [mercurius, mercury; 
 captans, seizing, on account of combining 
 readily with mercury]. A derivative of an 
 alcohol in which the oxygen of the latter is 
 replaced by sulfur. 
 
 Mercauro (mer-kaw'-ro). A proprietary altera- 
 tive compound of an equal amount of the 
 bromids of gold, arsenic, and mercury; it is 
 used in syphilis and scrofula. Dose 5-15 
 min. (0.3-1.0 Cc.) 3 times daily after meals. 
 
 Mercier's Bar. The transverse curved ridge 
 joining the openings of the ureters on the 
 inner surface of the bladder; it forms the 
 posterior boundary of the trigonum vesicae. 
 M.'s Valve, a valvular projection that may 
 be formed at the vesicourethral orifice by the 
 hypertrophied internal sphincter vesicae. 
 
 Mercolint (mer' -ko-lint) . A proprietary article 
 consisting of canton flannel impregnated with 
 metallic mercury very finely divided. 
 
 Mercuralgam (mer-ku-ral'-gam). An amal- 
 gam of mercury, aluminium, and magnesium. 
 It is used as a substitute for mercurial ointment. 
 
 Mercuramin (mer-ku-ram' '-in) . Mercury-ethy- 
 lenediamin citrate. 
 
 Mercurial (mer-ku'-re-al) [mercury]. 1. Per- 
 taining to or caused by mercury. 2. Any 
 preparation of mercury or its salts. M. Oint- 
 ment (unguentum hydrargyria U. S. P.), a 
 salve containing mercury, oleate of mercury, 
 suet, and benzoinated lard. M. Palsy, M. 
 Tremor, paralysis or an involuntary spas- 
 modic twitching of the voluntary muscles as a 
 result of mercurial intoxication, and intensified 
 on voluntary motion. M. Plaster. See Mer- 
 cury Plaster. 
 
 Mercurialism (mer-ku f -re-al-izm) [mercury]. 
 Poisoning due to absorption of mercury. 
 
 Mercurialization (mer -ku-re-al-iz-a' '-shun) 
 [mercury]. The act of bringing under the 
 influence of mercury. 
 
 Mercuriate (mer-ku r -re-dt) . A salt of mercury. 
 
 Mercuric (mer-ku'-rik) [mercury]. Pertaining 
 to mercury as a bivalent element. M. 
 Chlorid. See Mercury Bichlorid. 
 
 Mercuricum (mer-ku' -rik-um) [mercury]. Mer- 
 cury when acting as a bivalent radicle. 
 
 Mercuriol (mer-ku' -re-of). See Mercuralgam. 
 
 Mercurol (mer'-ku-rol). A compound of nu- 
 cleic acid and mercury (10%). It is used 
 in chronic ulcers in 2 to 5 % solution; in gon- 
 orrhea 0.5 to 2% injection; in syphilis inter- 
 nally. Dose |-i2 g r - (0.05-0.1 Gm.) twice 
 daily. Syn., Mercury nucleid. 
 
 Mercuroseptol (mer-ku-ro-sep f -tol). See Mer- 
 cury Qninoseptolate. 
 
 Mercurosum (mer-ku-ro' -sum) [mercury]. Mer- 
 cury when acting as a univalent radicle. 
 
 Mercurous (mer-ku' -rus) [mercury]. Pertaining 
 to compounds that contain mercury as a 
 univalent radicle. M. Chlorid, calomel. See 
 Mercury Subchlorid. 
 
 Mercury (mer'-ku-re) [Mercurius, a Latin 
 divinity, the god of traffic]. Symbol Hg; 
 atomic weight 198.5; quantivalence 11. Hy- 
 drargyrum. A shining, silver-white, liquid, 
 volatile metal, having a specific gravity of 
 13.55. It is insoluble in the ordinary sol- 
 vents,^ in hydrochloric acid, and in sulfuric 
 acid in the cold; it dissolves in the last when 
 boiled with it, and is readily soluble in nitric 
 acid. It boils at 357.25 C., and solidifies 
 at — 39-4° C. Mercury is found pure, but 
 is chiefly obtained as the native sulfid, or 
 cinnabar. It forms two classes of compounds 
 — the mercurous, those in which two atoms 
 of the metal, and the mercuric, those in 
 which one atom, is combined with a bivalent 
 radicle. The mercuric salts are more soluble 
 and more poisonous ihan the mercurous. 
 The uses of mercury and its salts are as 
 follows: as a purgative and cholagog (calo- 
 mel, blue-mass, mercury with chalk), as an 
 alterative in chronic inflammations, as an 
 antisyphilitic, an antiphlogistic, an intestinal 
 antiseptic, a disinfectant, a parasiticide, a 
 caustic, and an astringent. The absorption 
 of mercury in sufficient quantity causes poi- 
 soning, characterized by a coppery taste in 
 the mouth, ptyalism, loosening of the teeth, 
 sponginess of the gums; in severer cases, 
 ulceration of the cheeks, necrosis of the jaws, 
 marked emaciation; at times neuritis devel- 
 ops, and a peculiar tremor. The soluble 
 salts when taken in excess act as intense 
 gastrointestinal irritants. M. Albuminate, 
 Dry, a compound of albumin with 4 % of 
 mercury bichlorid; a white powder, soluble in 
 water with turbidity. Triturated with milk- 
 sugar it is used as an antiseptic dressing for 
 wounds. M. Albuminate, Liquid, a slightly 
 opalescent liquid containing 1 % of mer- 
 cury bichlorid; it is used hypodermatically 
 in syphilis. Injection 8-15 min. (0.5-1.0 
 Cc). M., Ammoniated (hydrargyrum am- 
 moniatum, U. S. P.), NH 2 HgCl, white pre- 
 cipitate; mercuric ammonium chlorid; it is 
 used chiefly locally. M., Ammoniated, 
 Ointment of (unguentum hydrargyri am- 
 moniati, U. S. P.), an ointment made of am- 
 moniated mercury, white petrolatum, and 
 hydrous wool-fat. M. Arsenate, 2Hg 2 - 
 HAs0 4 4- H 2 0, used in syphilis. M. and 
 Arsenic lodids, Solution of (liquor arseni et 
 hyUrargyri iodidi, U. S. P.), Donovan's solu- 
 tion. Dose 5 min. (0.32 Cc). M. Aspara- 
 ginate, Hg(C 4 H 7 N 2 3 j 2 , obtained from mer- 
 cury oxid and a hot aqueous solution of 
 asparagin; it is alterative and antiseptic, 
 and is used hypodermatically in syphilis. 
 Dose T V-i gr. (0.005-0.01 Gm.) daily. M. 
 Benzoate, Hg(C 6 H 5 COO) 2 + H 2 0, used in 
 injection in gonorrhea. M. Bichlorid (hydrar- 
 gyri chloridum corrosivum, U. S. P.), HgCl 2 , 
 corrosive sublimate. Dose as tonic tIto - ^V 
 gr. (0.0006-0.001 1 Gm.); as an antisyphilitic 
 eVio g r - (0.0011-0.003 Gm.). It is also a 
 valuable antiseptic. M. Bichlorid, Pepton- 
 ized. 1. A yellowish powder containing 10 % 
 
MERCURY 
 
 599 
 
 MERCURY 
 
 of mercury bichlorid, soluble in water. Dose 
 §-i^ gr. (0.032-0.1 Gm.). 2. A clear yellow 
 liquid containing 1 % of mercury bichlorid. 
 Used hypodermatically- in syphilis. Dose 15 
 min. (1 Cc), properly diluted, daily. M. Bin- 
 iodid {hydrargyri iodidum rubrum, U. S. P.), 
 Hgl 2 , red iodid of mercury. Dose y§-\ gr. 
 (0.004-0.016 Gm.). M. Borate, Hg 2 B 4 7 , 
 a brown antiseptic powder used as a dusting- 
 powder and ointment (1 : 50) for wounds. 
 M. Bromid, Hg 2 Br 2 , mercurous bromid. 
 Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) daily. M. Bromid, 
 Mercuric, HgBr 2 , alterative. Dose YS~i g 1 "- 
 (0.004-0.016 Gm.). M. Bromid, Mercur- 
 ous, HgBr 2 , a white powder; alterative and 
 antiseptic. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) in divided 
 doses increasing gradually. M. Carbolate, 
 Hg(C 6 H 5 0) 2 . Dose J-| gr. (0.02-0.032 Gm.). 
 M. with Chalk (hydrargyrum cum crela, U. 
 S. P.), gray powder. Dose 5 gr.-| dr. (0.32- 
 2.0 Gm.). M.-ethylenediamin Citrate, a 
 salt of mercury used in 3 : 1000 solution for 
 disinfection of hands. Syn., Mercuramin. 
 M., Extinguished, a trituration of metallic 
 mercury with some fatty substance until no 
 globules of the mercury can be discovered 
 with a magnifying-glass of low power. M. 
 Formamidate, Hg(HCONH) 2) a solution of 
 formamid and mercury oxid; each cubic 
 centimeter corresponds to 0.01 Gm. of mer- 
 cury bichlorid. Injection in syphilis 16 min. 
 (1 Cc.) daily. M. Gallate, Hg(C 7 H 5 5 ) 2 , a 
 greenish-black powder containing about 37 % of 
 mercury; alterative and antisyphilitic. Dose 
 i t~3 g r - (0.1-0.2 Gm.) daily in pills. M. Iodate, 
 Hg(I0 3 ) 2 , used subcutaneously in syphilis. 
 Dose ^ gr. (0.01 Gm.). M. lodotannate, 
 used hypodermatically. M. Mass (massa hy- 
 drargyri, U. S. P.), blue-mass; blue pill. Dose 
 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.). M., Metallic, mercury 
 in its pure state. M. Naphtholate, Hg- 
 (C 10 H 7 O) 2 , a lemon-colored antiseptic powder 
 containing 30.8% of mercury. Dose 1 gr. 
 (0.065 Gm.). M. Nitrate, Mercuric, Hg- 
 (N0 3 ) 2 , a white, deliquescent, poisonous pow- 
 der, soluble in water; alterative and anti- 
 septic. Dose ^o~l g 1 "- (0.001-0.008 Gm.). 
 M. Nitrate, Mercurous, Normal, Hg 2 - 
 (N0 3 ) 2 + 2H 2 0; antisyphilitic, antiseptic, 
 and caustic. Dose j^~ 4 g 1 "- (0.002-0.016 
 Gm.); maximum dose J gr. (0.016 Gm.), 
 single; 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) daily. M. Nitrate, 
 Ointment of (unguentum hydrargyri nitratis, 
 U. S. P.), citrine ointment, is used in chronic 
 skin diseases. M. Nitrate, Solution of 
 {liquor hydrargyri nitratis, U. S. P.), contains 
 about 60% of mercury nitrate. M. Nucleid. 
 See Mercurol. M. Ointment. See Mercurial 
 Ointment. M. Ointment, Dilute (unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri dilutum, U. S. P.), blue oint- 
 ment. M., Oleate of (oleatum hydrargyri, U. 
 S. P.), contains yellow mercury oxid, oleic 
 acid, and water. M. Oxid, Red (hydrar- 
 gyri oxidum rubrum, U. S. P.), HgO, red 
 precipitate, is used locally. M. Oxid, Red, 
 Ointment of (unguentum hydrargyri oxidi 
 rubri, U. S. P.), ointment of red mercuric 
 
 oxid. M. Oxid, Yellow (hydrargyri oxidum 
 flavum, U. S. P.), HgO, is used locally in 
 eye diseases. M. Oxid, Yellow, Ointment 
 of (unguentum hydrargyri oxidi flavi, U. 
 S. P.), yellow mercuric oxid ointment. M. 
 Oxycyanid, HgO . HgCy 2 , a white, antisep- 
 tic powder, soluble in water; application for 
 wounds and surgical operations, 0.6% solu- 
 tion. M. Paraphenylthionate, C 6 H 4 . OH . 
 SO s Hg, a stable crystalline, noncaustic com- 
 pound used as a substitute for corrosive 
 sublimate. Syn., Hydrargyrol. M. Pep- 
 tonate, used hypodermatically. M. Plas- 
 ter (emplastrum hydrargyri, U. S. P.), 
 mercurial plaster, is used to disperse 
 indolent swellings, and is applied over 
 the liver in chronic hepatitis. M. Prot- 
 iodid (hydrargyri iodidum -flavum, U. S. P.), 
 Hg 2 I 2 , yellow mercurous iodid. Dose J gr. 
 (0.033 Gm.) daily. M. • Quinoseptolate, 
 CgHs . N . OH . S0 3 Hg + aNaCl, a com- 
 pound of quinosol and mercury with sodium 
 chlorid. It is an odorless mass resembling 
 the yolk of an egg, which in water swells 
 into a slimy mass. It is used in syphilis. 
 Syn., Mercuroseptol. M. Resorcinace- 
 tate, a yellow, crystalline powder containing 
 68.9% of mercury; it is antisyphilitic. Dose 
 for hypodermatic use 3 min. (0.2 Cc.) of 
 a solution of 85 gr. (5.6 Gm.) of the salt in 
 85 gr. (5.6 Gm.) of liquid paraffin and 30 gr. (2 
 Gm.) anhydrous lanolin, once a week. M. 
 Saccharate, a trituration of 1 part of pure 
 mercury and 1 or 2 parts of powdered sugar; 
 it is used as a vermifuge. M. Salicylate. 
 Dose \ gr. (0.01 Gm.). M. Silicofluorid, Hg 2 - 
 SiF 6 + 2H 2 0, prismatic crystals, soluble in 
 water ; it is used as a wound antiseptic in solution 
 of 1 : 1000 and as ointment in 1 : 2000. M.- 
 sozoiodol, M. Sozoiodolate, HgC 6 H 2 I 2 .- 
 S0 3 , a fine powder obtained as a precipitate 
 from mixing aqueous solutions of sodium 
 sozoiodol and mercury nitrate; it is soluble 
 in 500 parts of water and in solution of 
 sodium chlorid. It is alterative and antisep- 
 tic and is used locally (ointment 3 to 5 %) and 
 subcutaneously in syphilis; injection i\ gr. 
 (0.08 Gm.) a dose in solution of potassium 
 iodid. M. Subchlorid (hydrargyri chloridum 
 mite, U. S. P.), Hg 2 Cl 2 , mild mercurous chlorid; 
 calomel. Dose as alterative \-\ gr. (0.032- 
 0.065 Gm.); as sedative to stomach and bowels 
 \-\ gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.); as purgative \-\ 
 gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.) every hour; or 5-15 
 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.); added to lime-water, 
 1 dr. to 1 pint, it forms lotio nigra, or black- 
 wash. M. Subsulfate, Hg(HgO) 2 S0 4 . basic 
 mercuric sulfate; turpeth mineral. Dose as 
 an emetic 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). M. Suc- 
 cinimid, Hg(C 4 H 4 N0 2 ) 2 , soluble in 25 parts 
 of water, slightly soluble in alcohol; it is 
 recommended as a hypodermatic antisyph- 
 ilitic (1.3 : 100). Dose \ gr. (0.013 Gm.). 
 M. Sulfid, Red, cinnabar, vermilion, is used 
 only by fumigation. M. Sulfoichthyolicum, 
 Unna's mixture of sodium sulfoichthyolate, 
 10 parts, corrosive sublimate, 3 parts. M. Sup- 
 
MERIDIAN 
 
 600 
 
 MESENTERY 
 
 positories (suppositoria hydrargyria B. P.), 
 each contains 5 gr. of mercurial ointment. M. 
 Tannate. Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.) daily. M. Thy- 
 molacetate, HgC 10 H 13 O . C 2 H 3 2 + Hg(C 2 H 3 - 
 2 ) 2 , used in tuberculosis, syphilis, etc., by in- 
 tramuscular injection. Dose i^gr. (0.1 Gm.) 
 every 3 to 5 days in liquid paraffin or glycerol. 
 M.Thymolate, a basic salt variable in its com- 
 position; it is used in syphilis as is mercury 
 thymolacetate. M. Thymolsulf ate , C 10 H 13 - 
 OHg 2 S0 4 , a white, insoluble powder. It is 
 used hypodermatically in syphilis. Dose yg— 
 \ gr. (0.005-0.01 Gm.). M. Tribromo- 
 phenolacetate, employed subcutaneously in 
 syphilis, tuberculosis, etc. Dose 5 gr. (0.32 
 Gm.) dissolved in liquid paraffin once a 
 week. M. and Zinc Cyanid, Zn 4 Hg(CN) 10 , 
 is used locally as an antiseptic. 
 
 Meridian {mer-id'-e-an) [meridies, midday]. A 
 great circle surrounding a sphere and intersect- 
 ing the poles. M. of the Eye, a line drawn 
 around the globe of the eye and passing 
 through the poles of the vertical axis (vertical 
 meridian), or through the poles of the trans- 
 verse axis (horizontal meridian). 
 
 Merismopedia (mer-is-mo-pe' -de-ah) [ptepcapbg, 
 division; iza'tc, child]. A bacterium multiply- 
 ing by two rectangular divisions, thus forming 
 a tablet-like group of four cells in one plane. 
 
 Merispore (mer'-is-por) [p-epof, a part; anopa, 
 seed]. A spore resulting from division of 
 another spore. 
 
 Meristiform (mer-is'-te-form). Having the 
 shape of merismopedia; sarcinic. 
 
 Merkel's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, Gran- 
 dry's. M.'s Line, an imaginary line ex- 
 tending from the middle of the internal pal- 
 pebral ligament to the space between the last 
 bicuspid and first molar teeth, and indicating 
 the course of the lacrimal sac and nasal duct. 
 M.'s Muscle, the keratocricoid muscle. 
 
 Mero- (me-ro-) [meros]. A prefix meaning part. 
 
 Meroblastic (mer-o-blas'-tik) [mero-; ftXaoxoc, 
 a germ]. Dividing only in part, as mero- 
 blastic ovums, those in which the process of 
 segmentation is confined to one portion of 
 the ovum. 
 
 Merocele (mer'-o-sel) [mero-; KTjX-q, hernia]. 
 Femoral hernia. 
 
 Merocrania (mer-o-kra' '-ne-ah) [mero-; upav- 
 cov, the skull]. A monstrosity marked by 
 absence of part of the skull. 
 
 Merocrine (mer f -o-kren) [mero-; Kp'cvcv, to 
 separate]. Applied to glands the cells of 
 which, having elaborated materials of secre- 
 tion, evacuate them and continue alternately 
 to secrete and evacuate new material. Cf. 
 Holocrine. 
 
 Merodiastolic (mer-o-di-as-toV -ik) [mero-; 
 diastole]. Relating to a part of the diastole. 
 
 Merogenesis (mer-o-jen' -es-is) [mero-; ykvzatg, 
 generation]. Reproduction by segmentation. 
 
 Meros (me'-ros) \jJ-epoc, a part]. 1. A part. 
 2. [/J-epoc, thigh.] The thigh or femur. 
 
 Merosystolic (mer-o-sis-tol'-ik) [mero-; ouaroXrj, 
 systole]. Relating to a part of the systole. 
 
 Merotomy (mer-oP '-o-me)[mero-; tojitj, a cutting]. 
 
 The section of a living cell for the study of 
 the ulterior transformation of the segments; 
 by extension it is also applied to experimental 
 division of amebas, etc. 
 
 Mery's Glands. See Cowper's Glands. 
 
 Merycic (mer-is' -ik) [merycism]. Relating to 
 merycism ; ruminating. 
 
 Merycism (mer'-is-izm) [p.rjpuKcojioc, rumina- 
 tion]. Rumination; chewing the cud — a nor- 
 mal process in the ruminating animals, and 
 sometimes occurring in man. 
 
 Merycole (mer'-ik-ol). An individual who 
 practises merycism. 
 
 Mesad (mes'-ad) [fikooc, middle; ad, to]. To- 
 ward the median line or plane. 
 
 Mesal (mes'-al) [\ikaog, middle]. Pertaining to 
 or situated in the middle line or plane. 
 
 Mesameboids (mes-am-e 1 '-boids) [piiooc, middle; 
 ameboid]. 1. Nonepithelial ameboid cells de- 
 rived from the mesoderm. 2. The leukocytes. 
 
 Mesaraic (mes-ar-a'-ik) [fieooc, middle; dpaca, 
 belly]. Mesenteric. 
 
 Mesarteritis (mes-ar-ter-V -tis) [p-koog, middle; 
 arteritis]. Inflammation of the middle coat 
 of an artery. 
 
 Mesaticephalic (mes-at-e-seJ-aV -ik) . See under 
 Index, Cephalic. 
 
 Mesaticephalus (mes-at-e-sef '-al-us) [fxioawc, 
 median; Kerf>aXr), head]. In craniometry, a 
 term applied to a skull having a cephalic 
 index of between 75 and 79. 
 
 Mesencephalon (mes-en-sef -al-on) [pteooc, mid- 
 dle; encephalon]. The midbrain; that part of 
 the brain developed from the middle cerebral 
 vesicle; the corpora quadrigemina, the crura 
 cerebri, and the aqueduct of Sylvius. 
 
 Mesenchyma (mes-eng' -kim-ah) [/nioof, middle; 
 'irxufjia, an infusion]. The portion of the meso- 
 derm that produces all the connective tissues 
 of the body, the blood-vessels, and the blood, 
 the entire lymphatic system proper, and the 
 heart; the nonepithelial portions of the meso- 
 derm. 
 
 Mesenteric (mes-en-ter' -ik) [mesentery]. Per- 
 taining to the mesentery. 
 
 Mesentericomesocolic (mes-en-ter-ik-o-mes-o- 
 kol'-ik). Relating to the mesentery and the 
 mesocolon. 
 
 Mesenteriolum (mes-en-ter-e-o' -lum) [dim. of 
 mesentery]. A little mesentery; especially the 
 fold of peritoneum that sometimes connects 
 the vermiform appendix with the mesentery. 
 
 Mesenteritis (mes-en-ter-i' -tis) [mesentery; trig, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the mesen- 
 tery. 
 
 Mesenteron (mes-en' -ter-on) [mesentery]. The 
 middle portion of the primitive digestive 
 tube, lined by entoderm, and giving rise to the 
 part of the alimentary tract between the phar- 
 ynx and the lower third of the rectum. 
 
 Mesentery (mes' -en-ter-e) [ptiaoc, middle; 'ivze- 
 pov, bowel]. A fold of the peritoneum that 
 connects the intestine with the posterior ab- 
 dominal wall; that of the small intestine is 
 termed mesentery proper; that of the colon, 
 cecum, and rectum, mesocolon, mesocecum, 
 mesorectum, respectively. 
 
 _ 
 
MESIAD 
 
 601 
 
 MESOTENDON 
 
 Mesiad (mes'-e-ad). Same as Mesad. 
 Mesial (mes'-e-al). Same as Mesal. 
 Mesiobuccal (mes-e-o-buk'-al) [mesial; bucca, 
 cheek]. Pertaining to surfaces between the 
 mesial and buccal aspects of the teeth. 
 Mesiolingual (mes-e-o-lin' -gwal) [mesial; lin- 
 gua, tongue]. Relating to surfaces between 
 the mesial and lingual aspects of the teeth. 
 
 Mesion (mes'-e-on). See Meson. 
 
 Mesmeric (mes-mer'-ik) [mesmerism]. Pertain- 
 ing to or induced by mesmerism, as mesmeric 
 sleep. 
 
 Mesmerism (mes'-mer-izm) [Mesmer, a German 
 physician]. Hypnotism. 
 
 Meso - (mes-o-) [jxkooc, middle]. A prefix signi- 
 fying middle or pertaining to the mesentery. 
 
 Mesoappendix (mes - o -ap - en' - diks) [meso-; 
 appendix]. The mesentery of the vermiform 
 appendix. 
 
 Mesoblast {mes' -o-blast) [meso-; fi\ao~6c, a 
 germ]. The middle layer of the blastoderm, 
 probably derived from both the ectoderm and 
 the entoderm, and giving rise to the vascular, 
 muscular, and skeletal systems, the genera- 
 tive glands, and the kidneys. 
 
 Mesocecum (mes-o-se'-kum) [meso-; cecum]. 
 The mesentery that in some cases connects 
 the cecum with the right iliac fossa. 
 
 Mesocele (mes'-o-sel) [meso-; nocXca, a cavity]. 
 The aqueduct of Sylvius. Syn., Iter a tertio ad 
 quartum ventricnlum . 
 
 Mesocephalon (mes-o-sej'-al-on). See Pons 
 varolii. 
 
 Mesocolic (mes-o-kol'-ik) [mesocolon]. Pertain- 
 ing to the mesocolon. 
 
 Mesocolon (mes-o-ko'-loji) [meso-; nblov, 
 colon]. The mesentery connecting the colon 
 with the posterior abdominal wall. It is 
 divided into ascending, descending, and trans- 
 verse portions. 
 
 Mesocord (mes'-o-kord) [meso-; chorda, cord]. 
 An umbilical cord not inserted directly into 
 the placenta, but received into a fold of the 
 amnion. 
 
 Mesoderm (mes'-o-derm). See Mesoblast. 
 
 Mesodmitis (mes-od-mi'-tis). See Mediastin- 
 itis. 
 
 Mesogaster (mes-o-gas'-ter) [see Mesogastrium]. 
 The part of the primitive gut giving rise to 
 the duodenum, the liver, the pancreas, the 
 jejunum, and the ileum. 
 
 Mesogastric (mes-o-gas'-trik) [see Mesogas- 
 trium]. Pertaining to the umbilical region. 
 
 Mesogastrium (mes-o-gas' -tre-um) [meso-; yaa- 
 ttjP, stomach], i. The umbilical region of 
 the abdomen. 2. A fold of mesentery that 
 in early fetal life connects the stomach with 
 the posterior abdominal wall. 
 
 Mesognathic (mes-og-na'-thik) [see Mesognath- 
 ion]. 1. Relating to the mesognathion. 2. 
 See under Index, Alveolar. 
 
 Mesognathion (mes-o g-na' -the-on) [meso-; yva- 
 60c, jaw]. The intermaxillary bone; a fetal 
 bone lying behind the fore part of the superior 
 maxilla, with which it becomes fused. 
 
 Mesoileum (mes-o-il'-e-um). The mesentery 
 of the ileum. 
 
 Meso jejunum (mes-o-je-ju'-num). The mes- 
 entery attached to the jejunum. 
 Mesolobe, Mesolobus (mes'-o-lob, mes-ol'-o- 
 bus) [meso-; lofibc, lobe]. The corpus cal- 
 losum. 
 Mesologic (mes-o-loj'-ik) [meso-; Ibyog, sci- 
 ence]. Pertaining to environment in its re- 
 lation to life. 
 Mesometrium (mes-o-me' -tre-um) [meso-; prj- 
 
 rpa, womb]. The broad ligaments. 
 Meson (mes'-on) [uiooc, the middle]. The im- 
 aginary plane dividing the body into the right 
 and left halves. 
 
 Mesonephric (mes-o-nef'-rik) [meso-; vsc^pbc, 
 kidney]. Pertaining to the mesonephron. 
 
 Mesonephron, Mesonephros (mes-o-nef'-ron, 
 mes-o-nej'-ros) [meso-; ved>pbc, kidney]. 1. 
 The wolffian body, the middle division of 
 the segmental organs. It precedes in the 
 embryo the development of the permanent 
 kidney. 2. A fold of peritoneum by which 
 a floating kidney is attached to the abdominal 
 wall. 
 
 Mesoneuritis (mes-o-nu-ri' -lis) [meso-; neu- 
 ritis]. Inflammation of the structures con- 
 tained between a nerve and its sheath. M., 
 Nodular, a form in which there are nodular 
 thickenings on the nerve. 
 
 Mesoomentum (mes-o-o-men'-tuni). The mes- 
 entery of the omentum. 
 
 Mesophilic (mes-o-fil' -ik) [meso-; cfrdelv, to 
 love]. Applied to microorganisms which de- 
 velop best at about body-temperature — 35 - 
 38 C. 
 
 Mesophryon (mes-o}' -re-on) [meso-; 6(j>p6c, 
 eyebrow]. The glabella. 
 
 Mesopneumon (mes - - nu' - mon) [meso-; 
 ■KVEUfxajv, lung]. The fold of the pleura at- 
 tached to the lung. 
 
 Mesorchium (mes-or'-ke-um) [meso-; opyjg, 
 testicle]. A fold of the peritoneum con- 
 taining the fetal testes at about the fifth 
 month of embryonic life. 
 
 Mesorectum (mes-o-rek'-tnm) [meso-; rectum]. 
 The narrow fold of the peritoneum con- 
 necting the upper part of the rectum with 
 the sacrum. 
 
 Mesoretina (mes-o-ret'-in-ali) [meso-; retina]. 
 The middle layer of the retina, composed 
 of the nuclear and the rod-and-cone layer. 
 
 Mesosigmoid (mes-o-sig' -moid) [meso-; sig- 
 moid]. The mesentery of the sigmoid flex- 
 ure of the colon. 
 
 Mesostate (mes'-o-stdt) [meso-; axaxbc, placed]. 
 A generic term for the intermediate substances 
 formed in metabolic processes. 
 
 Mesosternum (mes-o-ster' -nnm) [meso-; ster- 
 num]. The gladiolus, or second piece of 
 the sternum. 
 
 Mesosystolic (mes-o-sis-tol'-ik) [meso-; systole]. 
 Relating to the middle of the systole. 
 
 Mesotan (mes'-o-tan). The methyloxymethyl- 
 ester of salicylic acid; used in treatment of 
 rheumatism by dermal absorption. Appli- 
 cation 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc.) mixed with olive- 
 oil or castor-oil. 
 
 Mesotendon (mes-o-ten' -don) [meso-; tendon]. 
 
MESOTHELIUM 
 
 602 
 
 METALLOTHERAPY 
 
 Folds of synovial membrane extending to 
 tendons from their fibrous sheaths. 
 
 Mesothelium (mes-o-the' -le-um) [meso-; dyXrj, 
 the nipple]. The lining of the wall of the 
 primitive body-cavity situated between the 
 somatopleure and splanchnopleure. It is the 
 precursor of the endothelium. 
 
 Mesotropic (mes-o-trop' -ik) [meso-; zpinecv, to 
 turn]. Turned or situated mesad. 
 
 Mesovarium (mes-o-va' -re-um) [meso-; ovar- 
 ium, ovary]. A peritoneal fold connecting 
 the ovary and the broad ligament. 
 
 Meta- (met-ah-) [p.eza, over, among, beyond, 
 after, or between]. A prefix signifying over, 
 beyond, among, between, change, or trans- 
 formation. 
 
 Metaamidophenylparame thoxyquinolin 
 (met-ah-am-id - o -fen - il -par -ah- meth - oks -e- 
 kwin'-ol-in). An antiperiodic and antipy- 
 retic drug used instead of quinin. Dose 4- 
 8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.). 
 
 Metabasis (met-ab' -as-is) [meta-; ftaiveev, to 
 go]. Change. 
 
 Metabolic (met-ah-bol'-ik) [metabolism]. Per- 
 taining to metabolism. M. Equilibrium, 
 the equality between the absorption and 
 assimilation of food and the excretion of 
 end-products. 
 
 Metabolism (met-ab' -o-lizm) [ptszaftoXr], change]. 
 The group of phenomena whereby organic 
 beings transform food-stuffs into complex 
 tissue-elements (constructive metabolism, as- 
 similation, anabolism) and convert complex 
 substances into simple ones in the production 
 of energy (destructive metabolism, disassimila- 
 tion; katabolism). 
 
 Metabolite (met-ab' '-o-llt) [see Metabolism]. A 
 product of metabolic change. 
 
 Metacarpal (met-ah-kar'-pal) [metacarpus]. Per- 
 taining to the metacarpus, or to a bone of 
 the metacarpus. 
 
 Metacarpophalangeal (met-ah-kar-po-fa-lan'- 
 je-al) [metacarpus; phalanges]. Belonging to 
 the metacarpus and the phalanges. 
 
 Metacarpus (met-ah-kar' '-pus) [meta-; Kapizbc, 
 wrist]. That part of the hand between the 
 carpus and the phalanges and consisting of 
 five bones. 
 
 Metacele, Metacelia (met'-ah-sel, met-ah-se' '-le- 
 ah) [meta-; nocX'ca, cavity]. The fourth ven- 
 tricle. 
 
 Metacetone (met-as' -et-on) . See Propione. 
 
 Metachromatic (mct-ah-kro-mat'-ik) [meta-; 
 %pti>na, color]. Relating to a change of colors; 
 staining with a different shade than that of 
 the other tissues, as the mast-cell granules 
 with basic anilin dyes. 
 
 Metachromatism (met-ah-kro' '-mat-izm) [see 
 Metachromatic]. The quality of being dif- 
 ferent in color from other parts. 
 
 Metachysis (met-ak' -is-is) [meta-; xuocc-, effu- 
 sion]. The transfusion of blood. Also the 
 introduction of any substance into the blood 
 by mechanic means. 
 
 Metacinesis (met-ah-sin-e' -sis) . See Metakin- 
 esis. 
 
 Metacondyle (met-ah-kon' -dll) [meta-; kovouXoc, 
 
 knuckle]. The distal phalanx of a finger, or 
 the bone thereof. 
 
 Metacresol (met-ah-kre' -sol) [meta-; cresol], C 7 - 
 H 8 2 . A liquid derivative of coal-tar, used as 
 an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is stronger 
 than phenol and less toxic. Dose 1-3 min. 
 (0.06-0.2 Cc). Applied in 0.5 % solution. 
 M.-anitol, a 40% solution of metacresol in 
 anitol; recommended as an application in 
 erysipelas. M. Bismuth, Bi(C 7 H 7 0) 3 , an 
 antiseptic and astringent used in dysentery. 
 M.-cinnamic-ester, an antituberculous com- 
 pound of metacresol, 25 parts; cinnamic acid, 
 35 parts; dissolved in toluol and heated with 
 phosphorus oxychlorid, 20 parts. 
 
 Metadiiodanilin (met-ah-di-i-od-an'-il-in) . See 
 Diiodoanilin. 
 
 Metadiphtheric (met-ah-dif-ther'-ik). Accom- 
 panying diphtheria. 
 
 Metagaster (met-ah-gas'-ter) [meta-; yaazijp, 
 belly]. The permanent intestinal canal, suc- 
 ceeding the primitive canal, or protogaster. 
 
 Metagastrula (met-ah-gas' -tru-lah) [see Meta- 
 gaster]. A modification of segmentation, pro- 
 ducing a form of gastrula differing from the 
 simple gastrula of the amphioxus. 
 
 Metagenesis (met-ah-jen'-es-is). See Genera- 
 tion, Alternate. • 
 
 Metakinesis (met-ah-kin-e'-sis) [meta-; k'cvt}occ, 
 movement; change]. The term applied to 
 that stage of cell-division in which the secon- 
 dary threads or loops tend to pass toward 
 the two poles of the nuclear spindle. 
 
 Metal (met'-al) [ptizaXXov, a metal]. An ele- 
 mentary substance characterized by mal- 
 leability, ductility, fusibility, luster, its elec- 
 tric affinities, and the basic character of its 
 oxid. M., D'Arcet's, an alloy employed for 
 filling teeth and in the making of dental 
 plates. It consists of bismuth, 8 parts; lead, 
 5 parts; and tin, 3 parts. It fuses at 212 F. 
 
 Metalbumin (met- al-bu' -min). See Paral- 
 bumin. 
 
 Metaldehyd (met-al' -de-hid), C 6 H 12 3 . White 
 needles, obtained from aldehyd by action of 
 hydrochloric or sulfuric acid at a temperature 
 below o° C. It is sedative and hypnotic. 
 Dose 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.). 
 
 Metallesthesia (met-al-es-the' -ze-ah) [metal; a'ca- 
 Qt)atg, perception by the senses]. An alleged 
 form of sensibility enabling hysteric or hypno- 
 tized subjects to distinguish between the con- 
 tacts of various metals. 
 
 Metallic (met-aV -ik) . Resembling a metal. 
 M. Tinkling, peculiar metallic or bell-like 
 sounds heard over a pneumothorax or large 
 pulmonary cavity. The sounds are pro- 
 duced by coughing, speaking, or deep breath- 
 ing- 
 Metalloid (met' -al-oid) [metal; ecooc, like]. 
 1. Resembling a metal. 2. Any nonmetallic 
 element. 
 
 Metalloscopy (met-al-os' -ko-pe) [metal; ononelv, 
 to examine]. The determination of the effects 
 produced by the application of metals to the 
 surface of the body. See also Metallotherapy. 
 
 Metallotherapy (met-al-o-ther'-ap-e) [metal; 
 
METAMERE 
 
 603 
 
 METCHNIKOFF'S LARVA 
 
 depane'ca, therapy]. The treatment of cer- 
 tain nervous diseases, particularly hysteria, 
 by the application of different metals to the 
 affected part. 
 
 Metamere (met' -ah-mer) [meta-; p-ipoc, a part]. 
 Any one of the theoretic segments of a ver- 
 tebrate animal. 
 
 Metameric (met-ah-mer'-ik) . See Isomeric. 
 
 Metamerid (met-ahm'-er-id) [metamere]. A met- 
 americ substance; a group of metameric bodies. 
 
 Metamerism {met-ahm' '-er-izm) [metamere]. A 
 variety of isomerism. See Isomerism. 
 
 Metamorphopsia (met-ahm-or-fop' -se-ah) [p.exa- 
 /xopcf)0'Jv, to change shape; ofac, sight]. A 
 defect of vision in which, owing to disease of 
 the retina or imperfection of the media, ob- 
 jects appear distorted. 
 
 Metam.orphosing(met-ahm-or-fo'-zing)[see Met- 
 amorphosis]. Altering; changing. M. Breath - 
 sound. See Respiration, Metamorphosing. 
 
 Metamorphosis (met-ahm-or'-fo-sis) [p.ezap.6p- 
 (fycootc, a transformation]. A structural change 
 or transformation. In pathology, a degene- 
 ration. M., Fatty, fatty degeneration. M., 
 Regressive, M., Retrograde, a disintegrat- 
 ing change; a degeneration. M., Viscous, 
 the agglutination of blood-platelets in the pro- 
 cess of thrombosis. 
 
 Metanephros, Metanephron (met-ah-nef'-ros, 
 met-ah-nef -ron) [meta-; ve<f)p6c, kidney]. The 
 posterior of the three segmental bodies of 
 the fetus, which is transformed into the per- 
 manent kidney and ureter. 
 
 Metaphosphoric Acid (met - ah - fos - for' - ik). 
 See Acid, Phosphoric. 
 
 Metaplasia (met-ah-pla 1 '-ze-ah) [meta-; nXao- 
 oecv, to form]. A transformation of a tissue 
 into another without the intervention of an 
 embryonal tissue, as the conversion of cartilage 
 into bone. 
 
 Metaplasm (met' -ah-plazm) [see Metaplasia]. 
 Protoplasm that has passed beyond its high- 
 est stage of perfection. 
 
 Metaplastic (met-ah-plas' '-tik) [see Metaplasia]. 
 Pertaining to metaplasia. 
 
 Metaplex, Metaplexus (met'-ah-pleks, met-ah- 
 pleks'-us) [meta-; plexus, a twining]. The 
 choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. 
 
 Metapneumonic (met-ah-nu-mon'-ik) [meta-; 
 pneumonia]. Secondary to, or consequent 
 upon, pneumonia. 
 
 Metapophysis (met-ah-pof -is-is) [meta-; aTt6(f>- 
 uocc, a process]. A mammillary process, such 
 as is seen upon the lumbar vertebras. 
 
 Metapore (met'-ap-or) [meta-; nbpog, passage]. 
 Magendie's foramen (q. v.). 
 
 Metapyretic (met-ah-pi-ret'-ik) [meta-; Tiuperof, 
 fever], i. Occurring during fever. 2. Oc- 
 curring after the decline of fever. 
 
 Metasol (met' '-ah-sol) . Soluble metacresol-ani- 
 tol, containing 40% of metacresol. A sur- 
 gical disinfectant. 
 
 Metastasis (met-as' '-tas-is) [meta-; coxavac, 
 place]. The transfer of a diseased process 
 from a primary focus to a distant one by the 
 conveyance of the causal agents through the 
 blood-vessels or lymph-channels. 
 
 Metastatic (met-ah-stat' -ik) [see Metastasis]. 
 Characterized by or pertaining to metastasis. 
 M. Abscess, the secondary abscess in pyemia. 
 M. Calcification, calcareous infiltration due 
 to an excess of lime-salts in the blood in 
 diseases associated with rapid disintegration 
 of bone. 
 
 Metasternum (met-ah-ster' -num) . The xiphoid 
 cartilage of the sternum. 
 
 Metasyphilis (met-ah-sij'-il-is). That form of 
 inherited syphilis presenting only the syphi- 
 litic diathesis, i. e.,the degenerations and gen- 
 eral diffuse changes in which localized lesions 
 are absent. 
 
 Metatarsal (met-ah-tar' -sal) [metatarsus]. Per- 
 taining to the metatarsus. 
 
 Metatarsalgia (met-ah-tar -sal' -]e-ah) [metatar- 
 sus; aXyoc, pain]. Morton's disease; a pain- 
 ful affection of the plantar digital nerves 
 caused by pressure or pinching of them by 
 portions of the metatarsophalangeal articula- 
 tions. 
 
 Metatarsometatarsal (met-ah-tar-so-met-ah- 
 tar'-sal). Relating to the metatarsal bones 
 in their position to each other. 
 
 Metatarsophalangeal (met-ah-tar-so-fa-lan'-je- 
 al) [metatarsus; phalanges]. Pertaining to the 
 metatarsus and the phalanges. 
 
 Metatarsus (met-ah-tar' -sus) [meta-; xapooc, 
 tarsus]. The bones of the foot, five in num- 
 ber, situated between the tarsus and the 
 phalanges. 
 
 Metathalamus (met-ah-thaV -am-us) [meta-; 
 thalamus]. The boundary region between the 
 mesencephalon and the thalamencephalon. 
 
 Metathesis (met-ath' -es-is) [meta-; -cQkvac, to 
 place]. 1. The act of changing the seat of 
 a disease process from one part to another. 
 2. In chemistry, decomposition. It is termed 
 single metathesis when the compound breaks 
 up into its constituents, or exchanges one 
 of them for a molecule of another com- 
 pound, and double metathesis when two com- 
 pounds interchange some of their constituents. 
 
 Metatroph (met'-ah-trof). See Saprophyte. 
 
 Metatrophia (met-ah-tro'-fe-ah) [meta-; rpo<j)r}, 
 nourishment]. Any morbid condition or pro- 
 cess of nutrition. 
 
 Metatrophic (met-ah-tro'-fik) . Applied to sapro- 
 phytic organisms which cannot exist in the 
 presence of living tissues. M. Method, a 
 therapeutic method of modifying the nutrition 
 by changes in the food — with a view of ad- 
 ministering some drug; e. g., suppression of 
 sodium chlorid in food of epileptics in order 
 to reinforce the action of bromids. 
 
 Metazoa (met-ah-zo'-ah) [meta-; ££>ov, animal]. 
 Animals the development of which is char- 
 acterized by segmentation of the ovum. They 
 comprise all animals except the Protozoa. 
 
 Metchnikoff's Larva. The parenchymula: 
 the embryonic stage immediately succeeding 
 that of the closed blastula. M.'s Phago- 
 cytic Theory, that microorganisms and other 
 solid elements are destroyed or taken 
 up by living cells, as by colorless blood-cor- 
 puscles. 
 
METECISM 
 
 604 
 
 METHYLAL 
 
 Metecism, Metoecism (met' -es-izm). See 
 
 Heterecism. 
 Metempiric {met-em-pe' -rik) [meta-; kjirecpca, 
 experience]. Opposed to empiric; not based 
 on experience. 
 
 Metencephalon (met-en-sef -al-on)[meta-; er*l0- 
 aXof, jbrain]. i. The after-brain; the post- 
 oblongata, or most caudal portion of the 
 brain. 2. Of Huxley, the cerebellum and 
 the pons. 
 
 Meteorism (me' ' -te-or-izm) [fxerecopi^ecv, to ele- 
 vate]. Distention of the abdomen with gas; 
 tympanites. ' 
 
 Meteorograph (me-te-or' -o-graf) [fiericopov, a 
 meteor; ypafotv, to write]. An apparatus for 
 securing a continuous record of the pressure, 
 temperature, humidity, and velocity of the 
 wind. 
 
 Metepicele (met-ep f -is-eT) [meta-; size, upon; 
 KocXca, hollow]. The fourth ventricle of the 
 brain. 
 
 Meter (me'-ter). See Metric System. 
 
 Metestrous (met-es'-trus). Pertaining to the 
 period in which the activity of the generative 
 organs is gradually subsiding in female ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Methal (meth'-al) [meta-; uXt), matter], C 14 - 
 H 30 O. An alcohol, not yet isolated, occur- 
 ring in spermaceti. 
 
 Methane (meth'-an) [see Methal], CH 4 . Marsh- 
 gas. The first member of the homologous 
 series of paraffins, CnH 2n + 2 . It occurs wher- 
 ever decomposition of organic matter is going 
 on, especially in marshes, and is also found 
 at times in the stomach and intestine. It is 
 a colorless, odorless, inflammable gas. 
 
 Methemerine (meth-em' -er-en) \_meta-; yf-iipa, 
 a day]. Quotidian. 
 
 Methemoglobin (met-hem-o-glo'-bin) [meta-; 
 hemoglobin]. A body similar in composition to 
 hemoglobin, but having its oxygen more 
 firmly united with it. It is prepared from 
 hemoglobin by the action of potassium fer- 
 ricyanid, potassium chlorate, sodium nitrite, 
 etc. In poisoning with potassium chlorate, 
 the nitrites, acetanilid, and other bodies, the 
 blood contains methemoglobin. 
 
 Methemoglobinemia (met-hem-o-glo-bin-e'-me- 
 ah) [methemoglobin; aljia, blood]. The pres- 
 ence of methemoglobin in the blood. 
 
 Methemoglobinuria (met-hem-o-glo-bin-u'-re- 
 ah) [methemoglobin; obpov, urine]. The pres- 
 ence of methemoglobin in the urine. 
 
 Methenyl (meth'-en-il), CH. A hypothetic 
 trivalent radicle. M.-orthoanisidin, a com- 
 pound of orthoanisidin and orthoformic acid 
 ester; it is a local anesthetic. M. Tribromid, 
 bromoform. M. Trichlorid, chloroform. 
 M. Triiodid, iodoform. 
 
 Methethyl (meth-eth' -iT) . A local anesthetic 
 said to consist chiefly of ethyl chlorid with a 
 small quantity of methyl chlorid and chloro- 
 form. 
 
 Methetic (meth-ef -ik) [jiiede&c, participation]. 
 In psychology applied to communications 
 between the different stratums of a man's 
 intelligence. 
 
 Methomania (meth-o-ma' '-ne-ah) [jJ.edu, wine; 
 p.avca, madness]. Insanity due to the exces- 
 sive use of strong drink. 
 
 Methonal (meth' -on-al) , (CH 3 ) 2 C(S0 2 CH 3 ) 2 . A 
 hypnotic differing from sulfonal in containing 
 methyl mercaptan instead of ethyl mercaptan. 
 Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). Syn., Dimethyl 
 sulfone-dimethylmethane. 
 
 Methoxycaflfein (meth-oks-e-kaf'-e-in), C 9 H 12 N 4 - 
 3 . A white powder melting at 1 1 7 C. It is 
 used hypodermatically as a local anesthetic 
 and in neuralgia. Dose 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.). 
 
 Methyl (meth'-il) [p.kdu, mead; uXf}, matter], 
 CH 3 . A univalent hydrocarbon radicle, the 
 first of the univalent hydrocarbons of the 
 marsh-gas series; the radicle of methyl-alco- 
 hol. M. Acetate, C 3 H 6 2 , a fragrant liquid 
 obtained from crude wood-vinegar. M.- 
 alcohol, CH 3 OH, a liquid similar to ordin- 
 ary alcohol, obtained in the destructive dis- 
 tillation of wood. Syn., Wood-alcohol; Wood- 
 spirit. M.-blue. See Methylene-blue. M. 
 Chloroform, CH 3 CC1 3 , a volatile liquid, ob- 
 tained by chlorinating ethyl chlorid. It is 
 anesthetic. M. Ether, C 2 H e O; dimethyl 
 oxid, an inflammable gas; also a salt of 
 methyl. M.-glyoxalidin. See Lysidin. 
 M. -green, an anilin dye, used in staining 
 tissues, also as an antiperiodic. M.-guani- 
 din, C 2 H 7 N 3 ; a colorless, crystalline, strongly 
 alkaline base, formed by the oxidation of 
 creatin and creatinin, and also found in de- 
 composing horseflesh and in cultures of the 
 comma bacillus and the bacillus of anthrax. 
 It is highly poisonous. M.-hydantoic Acid, 
 a crystalline substance occurring in the urine 
 after the ingestion of sarcosin; it is also ob- 
 tained by heating sarcosin and urea together 
 for several days in baryta-water. M. Hydrate, 
 methyl-alcohol. M. Hydrid, CH 4 ; methane 
 or marsh-gas. M. Iodid, C 3 HI, a reaction- 
 product of methyl-alcohol with iodin and 
 phosphorus; used as a vesicant instead of 
 cantharides. M. -phenol, cresol. M.-pro- 
 pyloxybenzol, thymol. M. Pyridin. See 
 Picolin. M. Pyridin Sulfocyanate, an 
 energetic, noncaustic, nontoxic antiseptic 
 employed in 1 % solution. M. Pyrocatechin, 
 guaiacol. M.-quinolin, a substance occur- 
 ring with quinolin and quinaldin in coal- 
 tar. M. Salicylate (methylis salicylas, U. 
 S. P.), C 8 H 8 3 ; synthetic oil of winter- 
 green; an oily liquid of a peculiar odor, 
 identical with the essential constituent of the 
 oil of wintergreen; it is used in 'rheumatism 
 like the natural oil of gaultheria. M.-salol, 
 CH 3 (OH)(CH 3 )C0 2 . C C H 5 , a crystalline sub- 
 stance, insoluble in water, soluble in ether, 
 chloroform, or hot alcohol; used in rheu- 
 matism. M.-theobromin, caffein. M.- 
 uramin. See M.-guanidin. M. -violet, 
 an anilin dye used for staining bacteria. 
 Under the name of pyoktanin it is used as 
 an antiseptic. M.-xanthin. See Hetero- 
 xanthin. 
 Methylal (meth' -il-al) [methyl; alcohol], C 3 H 8 2 . 
 A substance prepared by distilling methyl- 
 
METHYLAMIN 
 
 605 
 
 METROCLYST 
 
 alcohol with sulfuric acid. It is hypnotic and 
 antispasmodic. Dose i dr. (4 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Methylarnin (meth-il' '-am-in) [methyl; amin], 
 N(CH 3 )H 2 . A colorless basic gas occurring 
 in herring-brine and in cultures of the comma 
 bacillus. 
 
 Methylate (meth'-il-at) [methyl]. A compound 
 formed from methyl-alcohol by the substitu- 
 tion of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl by a base. 
 
 Methylated (meth' -il-at-ed) . Containing methyl- 
 alcohol. M. Spirit. See Methyl-alcohol. 
 
 Methylene (meth'-il-cn) [methyl], CH 2 . A 
 bivalent hydrocarbon radicle. M.-blue 
 (methylthionince hydrochloridum, U. S. P.), 
 C 16 H 18 N 3 SC1; a blue anilin dye used as a 
 stain in microscopy. It has also been em- 
 ployed as a local application in diphtheria, 
 tonsillitis, scarlatinal sore throat, and other in- 
 flammatory conditions, and internally in mala- 
 ria and neuralgia. Dose 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.25 
 Gm.). M. Chlorid (of Richardson), a color- 
 less liquid consisting of 1 volume of methyl- 
 alcohol and 4 volumes of chloroform; it is 
 used in inhalation-anesthesia. Syn., Methyl 
 bichlorid. M. Creasote, a nontoxic, yellow- 
 ish powder, devoid of taste or odor. It is 
 used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Dose 
 8-30 gr. (0.5-2.0 Gm.). M. Dichlorid, 
 CH 2 C1 2 ; a general anesthetic, used instead 
 of chloroform. M. Oxid, formaldehyd. 
 
 Methylenophil, Methylenophilous (meth-il- 
 en'~o}-il, meth-il-en-of'-il-us) [methylene; (pcXe'cv, 
 to love]. Having an affinity for methylene-blue. 
 
 Methylic (meth-il' -ik). Containing methyl. 
 
 Methylthionin Hydrochlorid (meth-il-thi' -o- 
 nin). See Methylene-blue. 
 
 Metopagus (met-op 1 '-ag-us) [uirco-ov, the fore- 
 head; nay tog, joined]. A twin monstrosity 
 with united foreheads. 
 
 Metopoplasty (met-op' -o-plas-te) [pkxojrcov, the 
 forehead; TiXaooetv, to form]. Plastic surgery 
 of the forehead. 
 
 Metra (met'-rah) [prjrpa, womb]. The uterus. 
 
 Metralgia (met-ral'-je-ah) [mctra; dXyog, pain]. 
 Metrodynia (q. v.). 
 
 Metranastrophe (met-ran-as'-tro-fc) [metra; 
 dvaoTpo(f)T), a turning upside down]. Inversion 
 of the uterus. 
 
 Metranoikter (met-rah-no-ik'-ter). A uterine 
 dilator with two or four branches; used when 
 a wide, prolonged uterine dilation is indicated. 
 
 Metratresia (met-rat-re' '-ze-ah) [metra; drpyoca, 
 atresia]. Atresia or imperforation of the 
 womb. 
 
 Metratrophia (met-rat-ro'-fe-ah) [metra; dzpo- 
 <p'ca, atrophy]. Atrophy of the uterus. 
 
 Metrauxe (met-rawks'-e) [metra; au£r), increase]. 
 Hypertrophy or enlargement of the uterus. 
 
 Metre (me'-ter). See Meter. 
 
 Metrectopia, Metrectopy (met-rek-to'-pe-ah, 
 met-rek'-to-pe) [metra; e/cro-oc, displaced]. 
 Displacement of the womb. 
 
 Metreurynter (met-ru-rin' -ter) [metra; oupuvetv, 
 to widen]. A form of colpeurynter. 
 
 Metreurysis (met-ru'-ris-is). See Colpeurysis. 
 
 Metric (met'-rik) [phpov, a measure]. Per- 
 taining to the system of weights and measures, 
 
 of which the meter is the basis. M. System, 
 a decimal system of weights and measures 
 employed in France, Germany, and other 
 countries, and used generally in the sciences. 
 The standard is the meter, the ten-millionth 
 part of the distance from the equator to the 
 north pole. The actual standard unit is the 
 distance between two lines on a platinum- 
 iridium rod preserved in the archives of the 
 International Metric Commission at Paris, 
 and is equivalent to 39.37079 inches; in the 
 United States the length of the meter is 
 assumed as 39.37 inches. The standard of 
 capacity is the liter, a cubic volume y-g meter 
 in each dimension. The standard of weight 
 is the gram, the weight of T oVo liter (one 
 cubic centimeter) of distilled water at its 
 maximum density. As the unit of microscopic 
 measurement the thousandth part of a milli- 
 meter has been adopted. It is called micro- 
 millimeter, or micron; its symbol is p.. The 
 multiples in the metric system are expressed 
 by the prefixes deca-, hecto-, and kilo-; the 
 subdivisions by the prefixes deci-, centi- 
 milli-. 
 
 and 
 
 IOOO 
 
 meters 
 
 = 
 
 1 kilometer. 
 
 IOO 
 
 meters 
 
 = 
 
 1 hectometer. 
 
 10 
 
 meters 
 
 = 
 
 1 decameter. 
 
 .1 
 
 meter 
 
 = 
 
 1 decimeter. 
 
 .01 
 
 meter 
 
 = 
 
 1 centimeter. 
 
 .00 ] 
 
 meter 
 
 = 
 
 1 millimeter. 
 
 IOOO 
 
 liters 
 
 = 
 
 1 kiloliter. 
 
 IOO 
 
 liters 
 
 = 
 
 1 hectoliter. 
 
 10 
 
 liters 
 
 = 
 
 1 decaliter. 
 
 .1 
 
 liter 
 
 = 
 
 1 deciliter. 
 
 .01 
 
 liter 
 
 = 
 
 1 centiliter. 
 
 .00 ] 
 
 liter 
 
 = 
 
 1 milliliter. 
 
 IOOO 
 
 grams 
 
 = 
 
 1 kilogram. 
 
 IOO 
 
 grams 
 
 = 
 
 1 hectogram. 
 
 10 
 
 grams 
 
 = 
 
 1 decagram. 
 
 .1 
 
 gram 
 
 = 
 
 1 decigram. 
 
 .01 
 
 gram 
 
 = 
 
 1 centigram. 
 
 .00 
 
 gram 
 
 = 
 
 1 milligram. 
 
 In common practice, however, the following 
 divisions only are used, the others being ex- 
 pressed in figures: 
 
 10 millimeters = 1 centimeter. 
 
 100 centimeters = 1 meter. 
 
 1000 meters = 1 kilometer. 
 
 1000 cubic centi- = 1 liter, 
 meters 
 
 1000 milligrams = 1 gram. 
 
 1000 grams = 1 kilogram. 
 
 The following are the equivalent values: 
 
 1 meter = 39.37 inches. 
 
 1 liter = 1 quart \ gill, U. S. measure. 
 
 1 gram = 15.43 grains. 
 
 1 minim = 0.061 cubic centimeter. 
 
 See, also, Weights and Measures. 
 
 Metritis (met-ri'-tis) [metra; ncg, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the uterus. M. 
 dissecans, an inflammatory affection of the 
 uterus accompanied by the sloughing away 
 of portions of it. 
 
 Metro- (met-ro-) [metra]. A prefix meaning re- 
 lating to the uterus. 
 
 Metrocele (met'-ro-sel) [metro-; ktjXt), hernia]. 
 Hernia of the uterus. 
 
 Metroclyst (met' -ro-klist) [metro-; kXu^cv, to 
 
METROCOLPOCELE 
 
 606 
 
 MICA 
 
 wash out]. An instrument for giving uterine 
 
 douches. 
 Metrocolpocele {met-ro-hoV -po-sel) [metro-; 
 
 nbXnoc, vagina; ktjXt], hernia]. Protrusion of 
 
 the uterus into the vagina, the wall of the 
 
 latter being pushed in advance. 
 Metrocystosis {met-ro-sis-to' 'sis) [metro -; kuotcc, 
 
 a cyst]. The formation of uterine cysts or 
 
 the condition giving rise to them. 
 Metro cyte {met' -ro-slt) [metro-; k'jtoc, cell]. A 
 
 large uninuclear spheroid cell the protoplasm 
 
 of which contains hemoglobin, and which is 
 
 supposed to be the source of the red corpuscles 
 
 of the blood. 
 Metrodynia {met-ro-din' -e-ah) [metro-; dduvrj, 
 
 pain]. Pain in the uterus. 
 Metroendometritis {met-ro-en-do-met-ri'-tis). 
 • Combined inflammation of the uterus and 
 
 endometrium. 
 Metrpmalacosis {met-ro-mal-ak-o' -sis) [metro-; 
 
 fxaXaKOC, soft]. Softening of the tissues of the 
 
 uterus. 
 Metroneuria {met-ro-nu 1 '-re-ah) [metro-; veupov, 
 
 nerve]. A nervous affection of the uterus. 
 Metropathy {met-rop' -ath-e) [metro-; naOog, suf- 
 fering]. Any uterine disease. 
 Metroperitonitis {met-ro-per-it-on-i'-tis) [metro-; 
 
 peritonitis], i. Combined inflammation of 
 
 the uterus and the peritoneum. 2. Peritonitis 
 
 secondary to inflammation of the uterus. 3. 
 
 Inflammation of the peritoneum about the 
 
 uterus. 
 Metrophlebitis {met-ro-fleb-i'-tis) [metro-; phleb- 
 itis]. Inflammation of the veins of the uterus. 
 Metroptosis (met-ro-to' -sis) [metro-; Tixcbocc, 
 
 fall]. Prolapse of the uterus. 
 Metrorrhagia {met-ror-a' -je-ah) [metro-; prjjvj- 
 
 vai, to burst forth]. Uterine hemorrhage 
 
 independent of the menstrual period. 
 Metrorrhea {met-ror-e' -ah) [metro-; pom, a flow]. 
 
 Any morbid discharge from the uterus. 
 Metrorrhexis {met-ror-eks' -is) [metro-; pfj&c, 
 
 rupture]. Rupture of the uterus. 
 Metrorthosis {met-ror-tho' -sis) [metro-; dpdouv, 
 
 to set straight]. The correction of a displaced 
 
 uterus. 
 Metrosalpingitis (met-ro-sal-pin-ji' '-tis) [metro-; 
 
 salpingitis]. Inflammation of the uterus and 
 
 oviducts. 
 Metrosalpinx {met-ro-saV -pinks) [metro-; oaX- 
 
 7icj^, tube]. An oviduct or fallopian tube. 
 Metroscope {met' -ro-skop) [metro-; ononelv, to 
 
 observe]. An instrument for examining the 
 
 uterus. 
 Metrostaxis {met-ro-staks' -is) [metro-; ora^cg, a 
 
 dropping]. Slight but persistent uterine 
 
 hemorrhage. 
 Metrotome {met' -ro -torn) [metro-; rofirj, a cut- 
 ting]. An instrument for incising the uterine 
 
 neck. 
 Metrotomy {met-roV '-o-me) . See Hysterotomy. 
 Metrypercinesis {met-ri-per-sin-e' '-sis) [metra; 
 
 unkp, over; Kcvrjocc, movement]. Excessive 
 
 uterine contraction. 
 Metryperesthesia {met-ri-per-es-the'-ze-ah) 
 
 [metra; unkp, over; a'cod-qocg, perception]. 
 
 Hyperesthesia of the uterus. 
 
 Meunier's Sign of Measles. A daily loss of 
 weight noticed four or five days after conta- 
 gion. This may amount to 50 Gm. daily, com- 
 mencing five or six days before the appear- 
 ance of catarrhal or febrile symptoms. 
 
 Meyer's Disease. Hypertrophy of the 
 
 pharyngeal tonsil; adenoid vegetations of the 
 pharynx. M.'s Law, mature and normal 
 bone possesses a definite internal structure, 
 which in every part represents the lines of 
 greatest pressure on traction, and is so 
 arranged as to afford the greatest resistance 
 with the smallest amount of*material. M.'s 
 Rings, the faint rings seen to surround a 
 candle-flame or a similar source of light 
 against a dark background; they appear 
 more distinct, as Woehlcr has shown, when 
 the eyes are exposed for a short time to the 
 fumes of osmic acid. The phenomenon is due 
 to the diffraction of light by cellular elements 
 on the surface of the cornea. 
 
 Meyer-Woehler's Rings. See Meyer's Rings. 
 
 Meynert's Bundle. A tract of nerve-fibers 
 forming part of the capsula; it passes between 
 the external geniculate body and posterior 
 border of the putamen, and ends in the lower 
 part of the occipital and temporosphenoid 
 lobes. M.'s Commissure. See Commissure, 
 Meynert's. M.'s Fibers, a tract of nerve- 
 fibers connecting the anterior corpus quad- 
 rigeminum with the nuclei of the ocular 
 muscles. M.'s Field, the reticular forma- 
 tion of the pons. M.'s Layer, the layer of 
 pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex. 
 
 Meynet's Nodosities. Nodular growths con- 
 nected with the capsules of joints, tendons, 
 and tendon-sheaths, and sometimes seen in 
 cases of rheumatism, especially in children. 
 
 Mezereon {mez-e'-re-on). See Mezereum. 
 
 Mezereum {mez-e' '-re-um) [Ar., mazariyun, the 
 camellia]. An old world shrub. The mez- 
 ereum of the U. S. P. is .the dried bark of 
 Daphne mezereum and other species of Daphne, 
 of the natural order Thymeleacea. It contains 
 a glucosid, daphnin, a"hd an acrid resin. 
 Locally applied, mezereum is an irritant and 
 vesicant, and has been used to stimulate indo- 
 lent ulcers. Internally, it has been employed 
 in syphilis, scrofula, chronic rheumatism, and 
 various skin diseases. Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). , 
 M., Fluidextract of {fluidextr actum mezerei, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). It 
 is used chiefly in ointments. M. Oleoresin, 
 ethereal extract of the bark of Daphne mezer- f i 
 eum and other species. It is alterative, 
 stimulant, and rubefacient. Dose 5-1 min. 
 (0.03-0.06 Cc). 
 
 Miasm {mi'-azm) [ficacvscv, to pollute]. Any- 
 thing harmful contaminating the air; a nox- ' 
 ious exhalation affecting individuals directly. 
 
 Miasmatic (mi-az-mat' '-ik) [miasm]. Pertain- 
 ing to or having the nature of miasm. M. 
 Diseases, diseases produced by miasms. 
 
 Mica {mi' -hah) [L.]. 1. A crumb. 2. A min- 
 eral occurring in the form of thin, shining, 
 transparent scales. M. panis, a crumb of 
 bread. 
 
 _ 
 
MICAJAH'S WAFERS 
 
 607 
 
 MICRODACTYLIA 
 
 Mica j ah' s Wafers. A remedy for vaginal or 
 rectal ulcers said to consist of mercury bichlorid, 
 tV g r - > z ^ nc sulfate. 5 gr. ; bismuth subnitrate, 
 15 gr.; acacia, 5 gr.; phenol, 3 gr.; water, a 
 sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mication (mi-ka'-shun) [micare, to glitter]. 
 Quick motion; a winking; systolic contrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Michailow's Test for Proteids. Add ferrous 
 sulfate to the solution, and underlay with 
 concentrated sulfuric acid; then add care- 
 fully very little nitric acid. Besides a brown 
 ring, a red coloration will be produced. 
 
 Micracoustic (mi-krah-koo' -stik) [punpoc, small; 
 olkouotckoc, pertaining to hearing]. 1. Assist- 
 ing in hearing very faint sounds. 2. An in- 
 strument possessing this property. 
 
 Micranatomy (mi-kran-at '-o-me) [iicupoc, small; 
 anatomy]. Minute anatomy; histology. . 
 
 Micrangiopathy (mi-kran-je-op' -ath-e) [fxcnpoc, 
 small; dfje'cov, a vessel; izadoc;, disease]. Dis- 
 ease of the capillaries. 
 
 Micrangium (mi-kran' -je-um) [ficKpoc, small; 
 dyyelov, a vessel]. A capillary. 
 
 Micrencephalon (mi-kren-sef -al-on) [jjuKpoc, 
 small; kjKecjiaXog, brain]. 1. A small brain, 
 as in cretinism. 2. The cerebellum. 
 
 Micro- (mi-kro-) [fitKpof, small]. 1. A prefix 
 signifying minute. 2. A prefix generally used 
 to signify a unit one-thousandth, sometimes 
 one-millionth, part of the unit to which it 
 is prefixed. 
 
 Microbe (mi'-krob) [micro-; /?/of, life]. A liv- 
 
 . ing organism of very small size. The term 
 is generally used synonymously with bacter- 
 ium. 
 
 Microbemia (mi-kro-be'-me-ah). See Micro- 
 biohemia. 
 
 Microbial! (mi-kro' -be-an) [microbe]. Pertain- 
 ing to or of the nature of a microbe. 
 
 Microbicide (mi-kro' -bis-id) [microbe; ccedere, 
 to kill]. 1. Destructive to microbes. 2. An 
 agent that destroys microbes. 
 
 Microbicidin (mi-kro-bis-i'-din). See Micro- 
 cidin. 
 
 Microbiohemia (mi-kro-bi-o-hem'-e-ah) [mic- 
 robe; alp.a, blood]. A diseased condition re 
 suiting from the presence of microorganisms 
 in the blood. 
 
 Microbiology (mi-kro-bi-ol'-o-je). The science 
 of the nature, life, and actions of microbes. 
 
 Microbiophobia (mi-kro-bi-o-fo' -be-ah) [mic- 
 robe; (frofloc, fear]. Morbid fear of microbes. 
 
 Microbioscope (mi-kro-bi' -o-skop) [microbe; ono- 
 xe'cv, to view]. A microscope for the 
 study of the changes that take place in 
 living tissues or for the study of micro- 
 organisms. 
 
 Microbiosis (mi-kro-bi-o' -sis) . The morbid 
 condition due to infection with pathogenic 
 microorganisms. 
 
 Microbism (mi'-kro-bizm). The presence of 
 active pathogenic microorganisms in the 
 system. M., Latent, the presence in the 
 system of inactive pathogenic organisms ready 
 to become aggressive under favorable condi- 
 tions. 
 
 Microblast (mi'-kro-blast) [micro-; ^Xojoxbg, a 
 germ]. An immature blood-corpuscle. 
 
 Microblepharia, Microblepharon (mi-kro- 
 MeJ-a'-re-ah, mi-kro-blef -ar -on) [micro-; bleph- 
 aron]. Smallness of the eyelids. 
 
 Microblepharism, Microblephary (mi-kro- 
 blef -ar-izm, mi-kro-blef -ar-e). See Micro- 
 blepharia. 
 
 Microbrachius (mi-kro-bra'-ke-us) [micro-; j3pa- 
 Xtcov, arm]. Smallness of the arms. 
 
 Micro centrum (mi-kro-sen' -trum) . The dy- 
 namic center of the cell. 
 
 Microcephalia, Microcephaly (mi-kro-sef-a'- 
 le-ah, mi-kro-sef'-a-le) [micro-; KecjiaXi), head]. 
 An abnormal smallness of the head. 
 
 Microcephalic (mi-kro-sef-al'-ik) [see Micro- 
 cephalia]. Having a small head. 
 
 Microcephalon (mi-kro-sef -al-on) [see Micro- 
 cephalia]. An abnormally small head. 
 
 Microchemistry (mi-kro-kem' -is-tre) [micro-; 
 chemistry]. 1. The chemistry of the minute 
 organisms and substances of nature. 2. The 
 study of chemic reactions with the aid of 
 the microscope. 
 
 Microcidin (mi-kro-si' -din) [micro-; ccedere, to 
 kill]. Sodium naphtholate, an antiseptic pow- 
 der. 
 
 Micrococcus (mi-kro-kok'-us) [micro-; kokkoc, 
 kernel]. A genus of bacteria the individuals 
 of which have a spheric shape. When united 
 in such a way as to resemble a bunch of grapes, 
 they are called staphylococci; when united in 
 couples, they are called diplococci; when 
 arranged in strings, they are called strepto- 
 cocci. 
 
 Microcornea (mi-kro-kor'-ne-ah) [micro-; cor- 
 nea]. Abnormal smallness of the cornea. 
 
 Microcosm (mi'-kro-kozm) [micro-; koo{jloc, 
 world]. Man in contradistinction to the 
 universe, or the macrocosm. 
 
 Microcosmic (mi-kro-koz'-mik) [microcosm]. 
 Pertaining to the microcosm. M. Salt, 
 sodium ammonium phosphate; so called 
 because formerly derived from the urine of 
 man, "the microcosm." 
 
 Microcoulomb (mi-kro-koo' -lorn) [micro-; cou- 
 lomb]. One-millionth of a coulomb. See 
 Coulomb. 
 
 Microcoustic (mi-kro-koo' -stik or mik-ro-kows'- 
 tik). Synonym of Micracoustic. 
 
 Microcrith (mi'-kro-krith) [micro-; tcpcdr), bar- 
 ley]. A unit of molecular weight, equivalent 
 to the weight of an atom of hydrogen. 
 
 Microcrystalline (mi-kro-kris' -tal-in) [micro-; 
 crystalline]. Composed of crystals of micro- 
 scopic size. 
 
 Microcyst (mi'-kro-sist) [micro-; maxtg, a cyst]. 
 A cyst of very small size. 
 
 Microcyte (mi'-kro-slt) [micro-; kuxoc, a cell]. 
 A small red blood-corpuscle. 
 
 Microcythemia (mi-kro-si-the' -me-ah) [micro- 
 cyte; al[xa, blood]. A condition of the blood 
 characterized by the presence of abnormally 
 small red corpuscles. 
 
 Microcytosis (mi-kro-si-to'-sis). Same as 
 Microcythemia. 
 
 Microdactylia (mi-kr -dak-til' -e-ah) [micro-; 
 
MICRODONT 
 
 608 
 
 MICROSCOPIST 
 
 daKTuXoc, finger]. Abnormal smallness of the 
 fingers. 
 
 Microdont (mi'-kro-dont) [micro-; odouc-, tooth]. 
 Having small teeth. 
 
 Microelectrometer (jni-kro-e-lek-trom'-e-ter) 
 [micro-; electrometer]. An apparatus for 
 estimating minute amounts and intensities 
 of electricity. 
 
 Microgamete (mi-kro-gam'-et) [micro-; yapoc, 
 marriage]. A male sexual cell among sporozoa. 
 
 Microglossia (mi-kro-glos'-e-ah) [micro-; yXwoaa, 
 tongue]. Abnormal smallness of the tongue. 
 
 Micrognathia (mi-krog-na' -the -ah) [micro-; 
 yvadog, jaw]. Abnormal smallness of the 
 jaws, especially of the lower jaw. 
 
 Microgram (mi'-kro-gram) [micro-; gram]. A 
 millionth part of a gram. 
 
 Micrography (mi-krog'-ra-Je) [micro-; jpacpecv, 
 to write]. A description of bodies that are 
 studied under the microscope. 
 
 Microhm (mi'-krom) [micro-; ohm]. The 
 millionth part of an ohm. 
 
 Microkinesis (mi-kro-kin-e f -sis) [micro-; Kcvqotc, 
 motion]. Involuntary muscular movements, 
 especially in infants. 
 
 Microliter (mi'-kro-le-ter) [micro-; liter]. The 
 millionth part of a liter. 
 
 Micromania (mi - kro - ma' - ne - ah) [micro-; 
 mania]. A form of insanity in which the 
 patient believes himself diminutive in size 
 and mentally inferior. 
 
 Micromelus (mi-krom' -el-iis) [micro-; pihc, a 
 limb]. A single autositic 'monster of the 
 species ectromelus, characterized by the 
 presence of abnormally small limbs. 
 
 Micrometer (mi-krom'-et-er) [micro-; pkxpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument designed for 
 measuring minute objects seen through the 
 microscope. M., Eyepiece, M., Ocular, 
 a micrometer to be used with the eyepiece 
 of a microscope. M. -screw, a fine screw 
 with a scale attached showing the distance 
 passed at each fraction of a revolution. M., 
 Stage-, a micrometer attached to ' the stage 
 of a microscope. 
 
 Micrometry (mi-krom'-et-re) [micrometer]. The 
 measurement of objects by the aid of a 
 micrometer. 
 
 Micromillimeter (mi-kro-mil' -im-e-ter) [micro-; 
 millimeter]. The one-thousandth part of a 
 millimeter or the one-millionth part of a 
 meter. It is the unit of microscopic measure- 
 ments, and is the equivalent of 2"5To o °f an 
 English inch. Symbol p. Syn., Micron. 
 
 Micromotoscope (mi-kro-mo' -to-skop) [micro-; 
 mover e, to move; onoizelv, to view]. An 
 apparatus for photographing and exhibiting 
 motile microorganisms. 
 
 Micron (mi'-kron). See Micromillimeter. 
 
 Micronemous (mi-kron' '-em-us) [micro-; vrjpa, 
 a thread]. Furnished with short filaments. 
 
 Microorganism (mi-kro-or'-gan-izm) [micro-; 
 organism]. A microscopic being of the animal 
 or vegetal kingdom; in a special sense it is 
 restricted to that vegetal group known as 
 bacteria. 
 
 Micropathology (mi-kro-path-oV -o-je) [micro-; 
 
 pathology], i. The study of minute patho- 
 logic changes. 2. The study of microorgan- 
 isms in their relation to disease. 
 
 Microphage (mi'-kro-jdj) [micro-; (paye'tv, to 
 devour]. A small phagocyte. 
 
 Microphobia (mi-kro-fo'-be-ah). See Micro- 
 biophobia. 
 
 Microphone (mi f -kro-}on) [micro-; <povi), sound]. 
 An instrument that amplifies feeble sounds 
 and renders them audible. 
 
 Microphonoscope (mi-kro^-fo 1 '-no-skop) [micro-; 
 (povi), sound; ononelv, to view]. A binaural 
 stethoscope with a membrane in the chest- 
 piece to accentuate the sound. 
 
 Microphotograph (mi-kro-fo'-to-graf) [micro-; 
 photograph]. 1. A photograph of microscopic 
 size. 2. See Photomicrograph. 
 
 Microphthalmia (mi-kroj-thaV -mus) [micro-; 
 6<p6aXpoc, eye]. 1. The condition of having 
 an abnormally small eye. 2. A person having 
 such an eye. 
 
 Microphyte (mi'-kro-fit) [micro-; cpoxov, a 
 plant]. Any microscopic plant, especially 
 one that is parasitic. 
 
 Microplanar (mi-kro-pla' -nar) [micro-; planus, 
 flat]. The name given to anastigmatic objec- 
 tives of the most perfect correction, and de- 
 signed especially for use in photographing 
 small objects, like embryos, and for micro- 
 projection. 
 
 Microprojection (mi-kro-pro-jek' -shun) . The 
 projection of the image of microscopic objects 
 on a screen. 
 
 Microprotein (mi-kro-pro'-te-in). See My co- 
 protein. 
 
 Micropsia (mi-krop' '-se-ah) [micro-; oipic, sight]. 
 A defective state of vision in which objects 
 appear very small. 
 
 Micropyle (mi'-kro-pll) [micro-; tzuXt), gate; 
 orifice]. The small opening in an ovum 
 through which the spermatozoon may pene- 
 trate. 
 
 Microscope (mi r -kro-skop) [micro-; OKonecv, to 
 view]. An apparatus through which minute 
 objects are rendered visible. It consists of 
 a lens or group of lenses by which a magnified 
 image of the object is produced. M., Binoc- 
 ular, a microscope having divergent oculars, 
 one for each eye, so that the object is seen 
 with both eyes. M., Compound, one that 
 consists of two or more lenses or lens-systems, 
 of which one, the objective, placed near the 
 object, gives an enlarged and inverted real 
 image; the other, the ocular, acting like a 
 simple microscope, gives an enlarged virtual 
 image of the real image. M., Simple, one 
 consisting of one or more lenses or lens- 
 systems acting as a single lens. The rays of 
 light that enter the eye of the observer, after 
 refraction through these lenses, proceed 
 directly from the object itself. 
 
 Microscopic (mi-kro-skop'-ik) [microscope]. 1. 
 Pertaining to the microscope. 2. Visible only 
 with the aid of a microscope. 
 
 Microscopist (mi-kros' -ko-pist) [microscope]. 
 One who is skilled in the use of the micro- 
 scope. 
 
 _ 
 
MICROSCOPY 
 
 609 
 
 MICROTHERM 
 
 Microscopy (mi-kros'-ko-pe) [microscope]. The 
 
 use of the microscope; examination with the 
 
 microscope. 
 Microseme (mi'-kro-sem) [micro-; ofjpia, sign; 
 
 index]. Having the orbital index less than 83. 
 Microsmatic (mi-kros-mat'-ik) [micro-; 6a/y.rj, a 
 
 smell]. Having ill-developed olfactory organs. 
 Microsoma (mi-kro-so' -mah) [micro-; oajfxa, 
 
 spectra of microscopic objects can be ex- 
 amined. 
 
 Microsporidia (mi-kro-spor-id'-e-ah) [micro-; 
 anopoc, seed]. A genus of the class of Sporozoa, 
 occurring as parasites in the muscles of the 
 frog, the marsh-tortoise, worms, and insects. 
 
 Microsporon (mi-kro-spo'-ron) [see Microspo- 
 ridia]. A fungus to which several diseases of 
 
 Microscope. 
 . Draw-tube. I. Knurl of draw-tube. J. Coarse adjustment. K. Pinion heads. L. Fine adjust- 
 . Spring clips. A. Base. B. Pillar. C. Arm. D. Body tube. E. Nose-piece. F, F, F. 
 P. Mirror bar. Q. Substage. S. S. Iris diaphragms. 
 
 ment. M. Stage. 
 Objectives. O. Mirror. 
 
 body]. In biology, small chromatin-granules 
 in the cell-nuclei. 
 
 Microsomia {mi-kro-so 1 '-me-ah) [see Micro- 
 soma]. Abnormal smallness of the whole 
 body. 
 
 Microspectroscope (mi - kro - spek' - tro - skop) 
 [micro-; spectrum; okotzecv, to view]. A spec- 
 troscope used in connection with the ocular 
 of a microscope, and by means of which the 
 40 
 
 the skin and hair are believed to be due. 
 "M.. furfur. See Tinea versicolor. 
 
 Microstat {mi' '-kro-stat) [micro-; ora~6c, fixed]. 
 The stage and finder of the microscope. 
 
 Microstomia {mi-kro-sto' '-me-ah) [micro-; arS/ia, 
 mouth]. Abnormal smallness of the mouth. 
 
 Microtherm (mi' ' -kro-therm) [micro-; dippy, 
 heat]. An organism in which the life-pro- 
 cesses are carried on at a low temperature. 
 
MICROTIA 
 
 610 
 
 MILK 
 
 Microtia {mi-kro' -she-ah) [micro-; ode, ear] 
 
 Abnormal smallness of the external ear. 
 Microtome {mi'-kro-tom) [micro-; rifivecv, to 
 cut]. An instrument for making thin sections 
 for microscopic examination. M., Freezing, 
 one in which the tissue is frozen, in order to 
 secure the hardness required for properly cut 
 ting sections. 
 Microtomy {mi-krof -o-me) [microtome]. Sec 
 
 tion-cutting. 
 Microvolt {mi' -kro-volt) . One-millionth of a 
 
 volt. 
 Microxycyte (mi-kroks' '-is-it) [micro-; 6$uc 
 sharp; kOzoc, a cell]. A cell containing fine 
 oxyphil granules and a more or less pig- 
 mented nucleus, occurring in the peritoneal 
 fluid of infected subjects. 
 Microxyphil {mi-kroks'-e-fil). See Microxycyte. 
 Microzym {mi'-kro-zlm) [micro-; £6fi7), leaven]. 
 One of certain minute particles of living 
 matter that are by some supposed to be living 
 organisms capable of an independent exist- 
 ence, and which are the cause of normal and 
 pathologic fermentation; the real agents of 
 the functions of the organism, the perversion 
 of whose function constitutes disease. 
 Miction {mik' -shun) . Same as Micturition. 
 Mictocystis (mik-to-sis' -tis) [[icktoc, mixed; 
 Kuoztg, a bag]. An organic sac made up of 
 different textures. 
 Micturition {mik-tu-rish' -un) [micturire, to 
 pass water]. The act of passing urine. M.- 
 center, the center governing the act of mic- 
 turition; it is situated in the lumbar region 
 of the spinal cord. 
 Mid- [AS., mid, middle; with]. A prefix mean- 
 ing middle; also with. 
 Mid-body {mid'-bod-e). A mass of granules 
 formed in the equator of the spindle during 
 the anaphase of mitosis. 
 Midbrain. The mesencephalon. 
 Midfrontal. Pertaining to the middle of the 
 
 forehead. 
 Midgut. See Mesogaster. 
 Midriff [mid-; hrif, belly]. The diaphragm. 
 Midsternum {mid-ster' -num) [mid-; sternum]. 
 
 The mesosternum. 
 Midwife [mid; wif, a woman]. A female 
 obstetrician; a female nurse who attends 
 women in childbirth. 
 Midwifery [midwife]. Obstetrics. 
 Miescher's Tubes [Johann Friedrich Miescher, 
 German pathologist, b. 1811]. Protoplasmic 
 masses {Sarcosporidia) surrounded by a dis- 
 tinct cuticle, and breaking up into a series 
 of spores when mature; they are met in the 
 muscular tissue of domestic animals. 
 Migraine {me' -gran) [Fr., from rjptc, half; apa- 
 vcov, skull]. A paroxysmal affection character- 
 ized by headache, usually unilateral, and by 
 gastric, vasomotor, and visual disturbances. 
 Migrainin {mig'-ra-nin) [migraine]. A name 
 given to a mixture of antipyrin, citric acid, 
 and caffein. It is used for the treatment 
 of migraine, of the headache of influenza, 
 and of that due to alcchol, tobacco, and mor- 
 phin. Dose 15-45 gr. (1-3 Gm.) in 24 hours. 
 
 Migration (mi-gra'-shun) [migrare, to wander]. 
 A wandering. M., External (of the ovum), 
 the passage of the ovum from an ovary to 
 the tube of the opposite side. M., Internal 
 
 (of the ovum), the passage of the ovum 
 through the tube related to the ovary from 
 which the ovule was discharged, into the 
 uterus and across into the opposite tube. M. 
 of Ovum, the passage of the ovum from the 
 ovary to the fallopian tube. M. of White 
 Corpuscles, one of the phenomena of in- 
 flammation, consisting in the passage of the 
 white corpuscles of the blood through the 
 vessel-wall. 
 Migrol {mig'-rot). A proprietary remedy for 
 migraine, said to consist of caffein, sodium 
 bicarbonate, and guaiacetin. 
 Migrosine {mig'-ro-sin). A mixture of men- 
 thol and acetic ether used in migraine. 
 Mikulicz's Cells. Vesicular cells found in the 
 diseased tissue in cases of rhinoscleroma and 
 containing Bacillus rhinoscleromatis. M.'s 
 Disease, chronic hypertrophic enlargement 
 of the lacrimal and salivary glands. 
 Mildew {mil'-du) [AS., melededw, honey-dew]. 
 A common name for minute fungi parasitic 
 on plants, and also found on dead vegetable 
 substances. 
 Mildiol {mil' -di-oV) . A disinfectant said to 
 consist of a mixture of creasote and petroleum. 
 Milfoil {mil' -foil). See Achillea. 
 Miliaria {mil-e-a! -re-ah) [milium]. An acute 
 inflammatory disease of the sweat-glands, 
 the lesions consisting of vesicles and papules, 
 accompanied by a pricking or tingling sensa- 
 tion. It occurs especially in summer, is due 
 to excessive sweating, runs an acute or sub- 
 acute course, and is followed by slight des- 
 quamation. Relapses are common. M. alba, 
 M. crystallina, a variety of miliaria in which 
 the sweat accumulates under the superficial 
 horny layers of the epidermis to form small, 
 clear, transparent vesicles. Syn., Sudamina 
 crystallina. M. arthritica, a form occurring 
 only in those affected with gouty or rheumatic 
 cardiac disease. M. papulosa, the well- 
 known "prickly heat." M. rubra. See 
 Miliaria. 
 Miliary {mil' -e-a-re) [milium]. 1. Of the size 
 of a millet-seed, as miliary aneurysm, miliary 
 tubercle. 2. Attended or characterized by 
 the formation of numerous lesions the size 
 of a millet-seed, as miliary tuberculosis. M. 
 Tuberculosis. See Tuberculosis, Miliary. 
 Milium {mil'-e-um) [L., "millet-seed"]. 1. A 
 disease of the skin characterized by the for- 
 mation of small, pearly, noninflammatory 
 elevations {milia) situated mainly on the face. 
 It is due to the occlusion of the ducts of se- 
 baceous follicles, the secretion of which ac- 
 cumulates and distends the follicles. 2. One 
 of the elevations characteristic of milium. 
 Milk [AS., meolc]. The opaque white se- 
 cretion of the mammary glands of the fe- 
 male of mammalia. Cream from which the 
 fatty matter has been removed is known as 
 buttermilk. Skimmed milk is that from which 
 
 
 M 
 
 ^m 
 
MILKINE 
 
 611 
 
 MINIMUM 
 
 the cream has been removed. M.-catalase, 
 an enzym of cow's milk capable of decom- 
 posing hydrogen dioxid and similar com- 
 pounds; it is rendered inactive by heating to 
 8o° C. M., Condensed, cow's milk from 
 which a large part of the water has been 
 evaporated, a syrupy liquid remaining which 
 is preserved with or without the addition of 
 sugar. M.-cure, the method of treating cer- 
 tain diseases by an exclusive diet of milk. 
 M., Diabetic, a prepared milk containing a 
 small percentage of lactose. M. -fever, a 
 slight rise of temperature attending the es- 
 tablishment of the secretion of milk. It is 
 due to a mild degree of septic intoxication. 
 M.-leg. See Phlegmasia alba dolens. M.- 
 punch, a preparation made by adding brandy, 
 whisky, or rum to milk in the proportion of 
 about one to four or six parts, and flavoring 
 with sugar and nutmeg. M.-sickness, a dis- 
 ease of cattle communicable to persons who 
 drink their milk or eat their flesh; it is 
 marked by chills and trembling, vomiting, 
 and disorder of the alimentary functions. 
 M.-somatose, a food-preparation similar to 
 somatose made from meat but containing 5 % 
 of tannin. M. -sugar, lactose. M. -teeth, the 
 teeth of the first dentition. M. -tester, a 
 lactometer. 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 < 
 
 D 
 pq 
 
 < 
 
 i 
 
 
 p 
 
 < 
 
 2 
 
 
 $ 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 Human milk 
 
 2.90 
 
 2.40 
 
 o.57 
 
 5.87 
 
 0.16 
 
 12.00 
 
 88.00 
 
 Cow's milk 
 
 3-5o 
 
 398 
 
 o.77 
 
 4.00 
 5-66 
 
 17 
 
 13-13 
 
 86.87 
 
 Camel's milk 
 
 2.90 
 
 7. 
 
 $4 
 
 0.66 
 
 13.06 
 
 86.94 
 
 Goat's milk 
 
 4.20 
 
 3.00 
 
 0.62 
 
 4.00 
 
 0.56 
 
 12.46 
 
 87o4 
 
 Ass's milk 
 
 1.02 
 
 1.09 
 
 0.70 
 
 5 -50 
 
 0.42 
 
 8.8 2 
 
 91.17 
 
 Mare's milk 
 
 2. so 
 
 2.19 
 
 0.42 
 
 5 -5o 
 
 0.50 
 
 II.2C 
 
 88.80 
 
 Sheep's milk 
 
 5-3o 
 
 6.10 
 
 1. 00 
 
 4.20 
 
 I.OC 
 
 17-73 
 
 82.27 
 
 Milkine {mil' -ken). A concentrated compound 
 of cow's milk, 50%; malted cereals, 44%, 
 beef, 5%; calcium hydroxid, 0.5%; and 
 sodium chlorid, 0.5 %. It is a light yellow 
 powder with sweet taste and marked odor. 
 
 Millar's Disease. Laryngismus stridulus. 
 
 Millard-Gubler's Syndrome. See Gubler's 
 Hemiplegia. 
 
 Milli- (mil-e-) [mille, thousand]. A prefix mean- 
 ing a thousand. 
 
 Milliampere {mil-e-am' -par) [milli-, ampere]. 
 One-thousandth of an ampere = 1 volt divided 
 by 1000. 
 
 Milliamperemeter {mil-e-am-pdr' '-me-ter) [mil- 
 liampere; fihpov, a measure]. An instru- 
 ment for measuring the strength of an elec- 
 tric current. 
 
 Milligram {mil'-e-gram) [milli-; grant]. A 
 thousandth part of a gram. 
 
 Milliliter {mil' -il-e-ter) [milli-; liter]. A 
 thousandth part of a liter. 
 
 Millimeter {mil' -im-e-ter) [milli-; meter]. A 
 thousandth part of a meter. 
 
 Millinormal {mil-in-or' -mal) [milli-; normal]. 
 Containing a thousandth part of what is 
 normal. 
 
 Millon's Reagent. A reagent made by dis- 
 solving 10 Gm. of mercury in 20 Gm. of 
 nitric acid, diluting the solution with an equal 
 volume of water, and decanting in 24 hours. 
 With proteids and with derivatives of ben- 
 zene and naphthalene it gives a red color 
 {Millon's test). M.'s Test. See under M.'s 
 Reagent. 
 
 Millstone-maker's Phthisis. A form of 
 
 pneumonokoniosis due to the inhalation of 
 fine particles in the manufacture of mill- 
 stones. 
 
 Milzbrand {milts' -brand) [Ger.]. Anthrax. 
 
 Mimetic {mim-et'-ik) [fi~cp.oc, an actor]. Imita- 
 tive; mimic. M. Paralysis, paralysis of 
 the facial muscles. M. Spasm, spasm of the 
 facial muscles. 
 
 Mimic {mim'-ik). See Mimetic. 
 
 Mimicry {mim'-ik-re) [/ilftoc, an actor]. Imi- 
 tation. 
 
 Mind-blindness. A form of aphasia in which, 
 although the patient is able to see, no intel- 
 lectual impression is conveyed to his mind 
 by the object seen. Syn., Visual amnesia. 
 
 Mind-cure. The alleged cure of disease 
 through mental influence. 
 
 Mind-deafness. A form of aphasia in which 
 sounds, though heard and perceived as such, 
 awaken no intelligent conception. 
 
 Mindererus, Spirit of. See Ammonium Ace- 
 tate, Liquor of. 
 
 Miner's Elbow. Enlargement of the bursa 
 over the olecranon, common in miners, due 
 to irritation while working and lying on the 
 side. M.'s Phthisis, a chronic affection of 
 the lungs due to the constant inhalation of 
 coal-dust. Syn., Anthracosis. 
 
 Mineral {min'-er-al) [mina, a mine]. An in- 
 organic chemic compound found in nature, 
 especially one that is solid. M., Kermes, 
 antimony oxysulfid. M. Oil, petroleum. M. 
 Pitch, bitumen. M. -water, water naturally 
 or artificially impregnated with inorganic salts 
 in sufficient quantity to give it special proper- 
 ties. 
 
 Mineralization {min-er-al-i-za' -shun) [mineral]. 
 1. The addition of minera2 substances to a 
 body. 2. The relative amount of mineral 
 substances dissolved in a mineral-water. 
 
 Minim {min'-im) [minimus, least]. The one- 
 sixtieth of a fluidram. Symbol it£. 
 
 Minimal {min'-im-al) [see Minim]. Least; 
 lowest. Of doses, the least quantity that is 
 yet effective. 
 
 Minimum {min'-im-um) [see Minim]. The 
 least; the lowest; the lowest intensity or level. 
 M. Thermometer. See Thermometer, Self- 
 registering. 
 
MINIUM 
 
 612 
 
 MITOSIS 
 
 Minium (min'-i-um) [L., "red lead"]. Red 
 lead oxid, Pb 3 4 , used formerly in plasters. 
 
 Mint. See Mentha. 
 
 Miodidymus, Miodymus (mi-o-did' -im-us, mi- 
 od'-im-us) [jiecwv, less; didufioc, twin]. A 
 double-headed monster joined by the occiputs. 
 
 Miopus (mi-o'-pus) [ftecojv, less; u)(p, the face]. 
 A double-headed monster with one .face rudi- 
 mentary. 
 
 Miosis (mi-o'-sis) [fieicov, less]. Contraction, 
 especially of the pupil. 
 
 Miotic (mi-ot'-ik) [miosis], i. Pertaining to, 
 or characterized by, miosis. 2. Causing con- 
 traction of the pupil. 3. An agent that con- 
 tracts the pupil. 
 
 Mirror {mir'-or) [mirari, to admire]. A pol- 
 ished surface for reflecting light or form- 
 ing images of objects placed in front of it. 
 M., Concave, one the reflecting surface of 
 which is concave. M., Convex, one with a 
 convex reflecting surface. M., Frontal, ahead- 
 mirror. M., Head-, a circular mirror with a 
 central perforation, strapped to the head by a 
 band, and used to throw light on parts to be 
 examined. M., Laryngoscopic, one used in 
 examining the larynx. M. , Ophthalmoscopic, 
 one used in ophthalmoscopy. M., Plane, one 
 the reflecting surface of which is flat. M., 
 Rhinoscopic, a mirror used in rhinoscopy. 
 M. -speech, defective speech from pronounc- 
 ing the words or syllables backward. M.- 
 writing, a peculiar form of writing at times 
 observed in left-handed persons and in cases 
 of aphasia, and characterized by a reversal 
 of the form and arrangement of the letters, 
 which appear as if seen in a mirror. 
 
 Miryachit {me-re-ach r -it) [Russian]. A pecu- 
 liar disease in which the patient mimics 
 or imitates everything said or done by an- 
 other. Cf. Jumpers; Lata. 
 
 Miscarriage (mis-kar'-aj). 1. The expulsion 
 of the fetus between the fourth and the sixth 
 month of pregnancy. 2. Abortion. 
 
 Misce (mis'-e) [L.]. Mix, a direction placed 
 on prescriptions, and usually abbreviated M. 
 
 Miscegenation (mis-e-jen-a' '-shun) [misce; 
 genus, race]. Mixture of different races by in- 
 termarriage. 
 
 Miscible (mis'-ib-V) [misce]. Capable of being 
 mixed. 
 
 Miserere mei (miz-er-a'-ra ma'-e) [L., "have 
 mercy on me"]. An old name for volvulus 
 or intestinal colic; also for stercoraceous 
 vomiting. 
 
 Misogamy (mis-og'-am-e) [paoelv, to hate; 
 yafioc, marriage]. Aversion to marriage. 
 
 Misogyny (mis-of-in-e) [/xcoelv, to hate; yuvr), 
 woman]. Hatred of women. 
 
 Misoneist (mis-on'-e-ist) [fitoelv, to hate; veog, 
 new]. One who has a morbid hatred of 
 novelty. 
 
 Missed {mist) [miss]. Passed; failed of com- 
 pletion. M. Abortion, the retention of the 
 product of conception in the uterine cavity 
 after its death and with the appearance of 
 some of the symptoms of abortion. • M. 
 Labor, the retention of the product of con- 
 
 ception in the uterus beyond term, and after 
 the occurrence of a few ineffectual labor-pains. 
 
 Mistletoe (mis'-l-to). See Viscum. 
 
 Mistura (mis-tu' -rah) [L.]. 1. A mixture.. A 
 preparation made by suspending an insoluble 
 substance in watery fluids, by means of gum- 
 arabic, sugar, yolk of egg, or other cohesive 
 substance. When the suspended substance 
 is of an oily nature, the preparation is termed 
 an emulsion (emulsum). M. amygdalae 
 (emulsum amygdala, U. S. P.), emulsion of 
 almonds. Dose 4-8 oz. (120-240 Cc.) several 
 times daily. See also under Amygdala. M. 
 creasoti (B. P.). See Creasote Mixture. M. 
 cretae (U. S. P., B. P.), chalk mixture. Dose 
 
 1 oz. (16 Cc). M. ferri aromatica (B. P.), 
 aromatic iron mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 
 Cc). M. ferri composite (U. S. P., B. P.), 
 compound iron mixture; Griffith's mixture. 
 Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). M. glycyrrhizae 
 composita (U. S. P.), compound mixture of 
 glycyrrhiza or brown mixture. Dose 1-2 oz. 
 (32-64 Cc). M. guaiaci (B. P.), guaiacum 
 mixture. Dose \-2 oz.(i6-64 Cc). M. olei 
 ricini (B. P.), castor-oil mixture. Dose \-2 
 oz. (16-64 Cc ). M. rhei et sodae (U. S. P.), 
 mixture of rhubarb and soda. Dose, for 
 children, \-i dr. (2-4 Cc). M. scam- 
 monii (B. P.), mixture of scammony. Dose 
 
 2 oz. (64 Cc). M. sennas composita (B. P.), 
 compound mixture of senna. Dose 1— 1| oz. 
 (32-48 Cc). M. spiritus vini gallici (B. P.), 
 mixture of brandy. Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 
 Cc). 
 
 Mitchell's (Weir) Disease. Erythromelalgia. 
 M.'s Treatment, the rest-cure; a treatment 
 for certain functional nervous conditions, con- 
 sisting in absolute rest in bed, with massage, 
 electricity, and the administration of abundant 
 food, especially milk. 
 
 Mite (mif) [AS., mite]. A name applied to 
 several Acari. 
 
 Mithridatism (mith-rid' '-at-izm) [McOpcddrrjc, 
 king of Pontus, who was said to have become 
 so charged with the poisons with which he 
 experimented that he acquired an immunity 
 to them all]. Immunity from the effects of 
 a poison induced by the administration of 
 gradually increased doses. 
 
 Mitigate (mit'-ig-at) [mitigare, to soften]. To 
 allay; to make milder; to moderate. 
 
 Mitigated Caustic, M. Stick (mif -ig-a-ted) . 
 See Argenti nitras mitigatus under Argentum. 
 
 Mitome (mi'-tom) [puzoc, sl thread]. The 
 threads of the protoplasmic reticulum of a cell 
 (cytomitome) or of the nucleus (karyomilome) . 
 
 Mitoplasm (mi' -to-plazm) [p-hoc, a thread; 
 nXaooecv, to form]. The reticular part of the 
 cell-nucleus, the jchromatic substance or 
 chromatin. 
 
 Mitoschisis (mit-os'-kis-is). See Karyokinesis. 
 
 Mitosis (mi-to'-sis) [fihoc, a thread]. Karyo- 
 kinesis. M., Heterotypic, mitosis in which 
 the chromosomes take the form of loops, 
 rings, aggregations of four beads, etc., ar- 
 ranged longitudinally upon the spindle. M., 
 Homeotypic, that characterized by the reduced 
 
MITOSOME* 
 
 613 
 
 MOLE 
 
 number of the chromosomes. M., Patho- 
 logic, irregular, atypical, asymmetric mitosis, 
 an indication of malignancy. 
 
 Mitosome (mi'-io-som) [phoc, thread; o<I)[ia, 
 body]. A body derived from the spindle- 
 fibers of the secondary spermatocytes, which, 
 according to Platner, gives rise to the middle 
 Diece and the flagellum envelop of the semen- 
 cell. 
 
 Mitotic (mi-tot' -ik) [mitosis]. Pertaining to 
 mitosis. 
 
 Mitral (mi'-trat) [p.hpa, a belt; a turban], i. 
 Resembling a miter, as the mitral valve. 2. 
 Pertaining to the auriculoventricular valve 
 of the left side of the heart. M. Disease, 
 disease of the mitral valve of the heart. M. 
 Incompetence, M. Insufficiency. See M. 
 "Regurgitation. M. Murmur. See under 
 Murmur, Cardiac. M. Obstruction, disease 
 of the mitral valve causing obstruction to the 
 flow of blood through the left auriculoventric- 
 ular opening. M. Regurgitation, imperfect 
 closure of the mitral valve during the cardiac 
 systole, permitting blood to be forced back 
 into the left auricle. M. Stenosis. See M. 
 Obstruction. M. Valve. See Valve, Mitral. 
 
 Mixture (miks'-tiir). See Mistura. 
 
 Mnemonics (ne-mon'-iks) [^vqacov, mindful]. 
 The science of cultivation of the memory by 
 systematic methods. 
 
 Mobile (mo' -bit) [movere, to move]. Movable. 
 M. Spasm, a slow, irregular movement 
 gradually taking place in different muscles, 
 occurring at times in the paralyzed parts in 
 hemiplegia. 
 
 Mobility (mo-bit -it-e) [mobile]. The condition 
 of being movable. 
 
 Mobilization (mob-il-iz-a'-shun) [mobile]. The 
 act of rendering an ankylosed part movable. 
 
 Modal (mo'-dat) [modus]. A term applied to 
 the order of response of muscles and nerves 
 to the galvanic current. 
 
 Moderator Band. See Band, ReiVs. 
 
 Modioliform (mod-e-o' '-le-}orm) [modiolus; for- 
 ma, form]. Having the shape of the nave of 
 a wheel. 
 
 Modiolus (mo-di'-o-lus) [L., "nave"]. 1. The 
 central pillar or axis of the cochlea, around 
 which the spiral canal makes two and one- 
 half turns. 2. The crown of a trephine. 
 
 Modus (mo'-dus) [L.]. A mode or method. 
 M. operandi, the method of the performance 
 of an action. 
 
 Moebius' Disease. Periodic or recurrent 
 paralysis of the motor oculi. M.'s Sign, 
 inability to retain the eyeballs in convergence 
 in exophthalmic goiter. 
 
 Moeller's Disease. See Barlows Disease. 
 M.'s Glossitis, painful swelling of the papil- 
 las of the tongue, associated with nervous irri- 
 tability; there is imperfect covering of the fili- 
 form and fungiform papillas. 
 
 Mogigraphia (mog-ig-ra'-fe-ah) [p-bycc, with 
 difficulty; ypa^ecv, to write]. Writer's 
 cramp. 
 
 Mogilalia (mog-il-a'-le-ah) [p-bycc, with diffi- 
 culty; XaXca, talk]. Stammering; stuttering. 
 
 Mogiphonia (mog-ij-o' -ne-ah) [y.bytc, with 
 
 difficulty; (frto^rj, sound]. Difficulty in speak- 
 ing, excited by an effort of singing or speak- 
 ing loudly. 
 
 Mohr's Test for Hydrochloric Acid in the 
 Contents of the Stomach. Dilute to a 
 light yellow color a solution of iron acetate 
 (free from alkali acetates), and treat with 
 a few drops of a solution of potassium sulfo- 
 cyanid. No change of color should take 
 place, but if the filtered contents of the stom- 
 ach are added and contain HC1, a red colora- 
 tion results. This color vanishes if sodium 
 acetate is added. 
 
 Mohrenheim's Fossa. The infraclavicular 
 fossa. It is bounded by the clavicle, pector- 
 alis major, deltoid, and, laterally and deeper, 
 by the pectoralis minor. In this space the 
 subclavian artery is found when it is to be 
 ligated below the clavicle. 
 
 Moist [mustus, young; fresh; new]. Damp; 
 slightly wet; characterized by the presence 
 of fluid. M. Chamber, a large circular 
 glass with a lid, used in bacteriologic work, 
 especially for growing potato-cultures. M. 
 Filter, a filter-paper that is moistened with 
 water. M. Gangrene, the form of gangrene 
 that occurs in a part filled with blood. See 
 Gangrene, Moist. 
 
 Mol, Mole (mol, mot). See Grammolecule. 
 
 Molar (mo'-lar) [moles, mass]. 1. Pertaining 
 to masses, in contradistinction to molecular. 
 2. [mol a, a millstone.] Grinding; used for 
 grinding. 3. A grinding tooth, a grinder. 
 
 Molasses (mo-las'-ez) [mellaceus, made with 
 honey]. The syrupy liquid remaining after 
 the refining of sugar. It contains a consider- 
 able quantity of unerystallizable sugar, some 
 cane-sugar, and coloring-matter. There are 
 two kinds: West India molasses, from which 
 rum is prepared, and sugar-house molasses, 
 which is somewhat thicker than the first. 
 Molasses is used for making pills, and com- 
 bined with sulfur as a domestic remedy for 
 constipation. 
 
 Mold (mold) [AS., molde, dust]. A variously 
 colored deposit produced by the growth of 
 different forms of fungi on moist surfaces. 
 The principal molds are Penicillinm, the 
 Mncorini, and Aspergillus. 
 
 Mole (mot) [moles, a mass]. 1. Amass formed 
 in the uterus by an ovum, the growth of 
 which has become arrested or which has 
 undergone degeneration. 2. Nevus. M., 
 Blood-, a mass of coagulated blood and 
 retained fetal membranes and placenta, some- 
 times found in the uterus after an abortion. 
 M.,Carneous. See M., Fleshy. M., Cystic. 
 Same as M., Hydatid. M., False, one not 
 containing any tissues derived from the ovum. 
 M., Fleshy, a blood-mole which has become 
 more solid and has assumed a fleshy appear- 
 ance; the body formed in the uterine cavity 
 when an ovum that has died is retained 
 within the uterus for some time. M., Hy- 
 datid, M., Hydatidiform, one formed by 
 a proliferation and cystic degeneration of the 
 
MOLECULAR 
 
 614 
 
 MONARGENTIC 
 
 chorionic villi; it is a form of myxoma, and 
 has a tendency to involve the uterine wall. 
 M., True, one which is the remains of an 
 ovum. M., Vesicular. Same as M., Hy- 
 datid. 
 
 Molecular {mo-lek' -u-lar) [molecule]. Pertain- 
 ing to, or composed of, molecules. M. Death, 
 death of a part in minute invisible particles, 
 as ulceration, caries. M. Force, a force 
 acting between molecules, as cohesion. M. 
 Layer. See Layer, Molecular. M. Motion, 
 the movements of the molecules of a 
 substance. M. Volume, the volume of 
 a molecule of a substance in the gaseous 
 state; under the same conditions of temper- 
 ature and pressure the molecular volumes of 
 all substances are equal. M. "Weight, the 
 weight of a molecule of any substance as 
 compared with the weight of an atom of 
 hydrogen. It is equal to the sum of the 
 weights of its constituent atoms. 
 
 Molecule (mol f -e-kul) [dim. of moles, mass], i. 
 A minute portion of matter. 2. In physics, 
 the smallest quantity into which a substance 
 can be divided and retain its characteristic 
 properties; or the smallest quantity that can 
 exist in a free state. 
 
 Molimen {mo-li'-men) [L., "endeavor"]. An 
 effort or attempt. M., Menstrual, any of 
 the symptoms attendant upon the menstrual 
 act or function. 
 
 Molisch's Test for Glucose. 1. To \-\ Cc. 
 of the solution add 2 drops of a 15 to 20% 
 alcoholic solution of naphthol. A precipi- 
 tation of some of the naphthol renders the 
 liquid cloudy, but on the addition of 1 or 
 2 Cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid a deep 
 violet coloration is produced and a violet 
 precipitate is deposited on diluting with water. 
 2. A 15 to 20% solution of thymol employed 
 instead of naphthol, applied as is the naph- 
 thol in the foregoing test. If glucose is pre- 
 sent, it produces a ruby-red coloration, which 
 changes to carmin on dilution with water. 
 
 Moll's Glands. Modified sudoriparous glands 
 of the eyelids, opening into the follicles of 
 the eyelashes. 
 
 Mollichthyolin (mol-ik-thi'-ol-in). A com- 
 pound of ichthyol and mollin. 
 
 Mollin (mol'-in) {mollis, soft]. A soft soap of 
 potassium hydroxid and cocoanut-oil, used 
 as a basis for ointments. 
 
 Mollities (mo-listi '-e-ez) [mollis, soft]. Soft- 
 ness. M. ossium. See Osteomalacia. 
 
 Mollosin {mol'-os-hi). An ointment-base con- 
 sisting of yellow wax, 1 part, and liquid 
 petrolatum, 4 parts. 
 
 Molluscous {mol-us' -kus) [molluscum]. 1. Per- 
 taining to the Mollusca. 2. Pertaining to the 
 disease molluscum. 
 
 Molluscum (mol-us'-kum) [mollusca, shell- 
 fish, from mollis, soft]. A term applied to 
 several diseases of the skin. M. contagi- 
 osum, a disease of the skin characterized 
 by the formation of pinhead-sized to pea- 
 sized, rounded, sessile or pedunculated, 
 pearl-like elevations of a yellowish-white or 
 
 pinkish color. The lesions may be single 
 or multiple, are usually situated upon the face, 
 and are due to a hyperplasia of the rete muco- 
 sum, the growth probably beginning in the 
 hair-follicles. The lesions on microscopic 
 examination are found to contain peculiar 
 ovoid, sharply defined bodies — molluscum 
 bodies — which are by some considered as 
 forms of epithelial degeneration, by others 
 as protozoan parasites. M. fibrosum, a 
 disease of the skin characterized by the forma- 
 tion of multiple fibromas, which may be 
 sessile or pedunculated, and grow from the 
 deeper layers of the corium and the subcu- 
 taneous tissue. 
 
 Molybdenum {mol-ib-de'-num) [1x6X0 [id oc, lead]. 
 A metallic element, found in nature chiefly 
 as the sutfid-^molybdenite (MoS 2 ). Atomic 
 weight 96; symbol Mo; quantivalence 11, 
 IV, vi, viii ; specific gravity 8.6. Its principal 
 oxid, Mo0 3 , forms molybdic acid, H 2 Mo0 4 , 
 the ammonium salt of which is used as a 
 reagent in metallurgy, etc. Molybdic acid 
 combines with phosphoric acid to form phos- 
 phomolybdic acid. 
 
 Molybdic {mol-ib'-dik). Containing molybde- 
 num as a hexad or tetrad radicle. M. An- 
 hydrid, M0O3, a gray or bluish-white heavy 
 powder which separates into thin scales in 
 water. It is soluble in acids, alkalis, and 
 solution of cream of tartar; slightly soluble 
 in water. It is used as a reagent. 
 
 Momentum {mo-men' -turn) [movere, to move]. 
 Quantity of motion. The momentum of a 
 body depends upon its mass and velocity. 
 Also, the quantity of potential energy pos- 
 sessed by a body in motion. It is usually 
 expressed by the formula m = w v — i. e., the 
 momentum equals the weight multiplied by 
 the velocity. 
 
 Momordica {mo-mor' -dik-ah) . See Elaterium. 
 
 Monacid (mon-as'-id). Applied to a base cap- 
 able of replacing one atom of hydrogen in 
 an acid. . In addition compounds uniting 
 directly with a molecule of a monobasic acid, 
 with half a molecule of a dibasic acid, etc. 
 
 Monad (mon'-ad) [/xovoc, single]. 1. A univa- 
 lent element or radicle. 2. Any single-celled 
 microorganism, whether of animal or vegetable 
 character; especially any flagellate infusorium. 
 
 (von) Monakow's Fibers. A tract of nerve- 
 fibers extending from the anterior corpus 
 quadrigeminum to the eyeball. V. M.'s Nu- 
 cleus, the lateral portion of Burdach's 
 nucleus. 
 
 Monamin {mon f -am-in) [fxovoc, single; amin]. 
 An amin formed by the replacement of the 
 hydrogen in one atom of ammonia by basic 
 radicles. 
 
 Monarda (mo-nar'-dah) [after N. Monardes, 
 a Spanish physician]. A genus of labiate 
 plants, comprising M. didyma, the bee-balm, 
 M. fistulosa, the wild bergamot, and M. 
 punctata, the horsemint. The last is dia- 
 phoretic, carminative, and stimulant. It is 
 also a source of thymol. 
 
 Monargentic (mon-ar-jen' '-tik) [/xovoc, single; 
 
MONARTICULAR 
 
 615 
 
 MONOHYDRIC 
 
 argentum, silver]. Containing one atom of 
 silver in a molecule. 
 
 Monarticular (mon-ar-tik' -u-lar) [p.6i>oc, single; 
 articulus, a joint]. Pertaining to one joint. 
 
 Monas (mon'-as) [p-ovac, unit]. A genus of 
 infusorians. 
 
 Monaster (mon-as'-ter) [p.bvoc, single; dozrjp, a 
 star]. Mother-star. See Karyokinesis. 
 
 Monatomic (mon-at-om' -ik) [ptovoc, single; aro- 
 poc, atom], i. Having but one atom of replace- 
 able hydrogen, as a monatomic acid. 2. Hav- 
 ing only one atom, as a monatomic molecule. 
 3. Having the combining power of one atom 
 of hydrogen, as a monatomic radicle. 4. 
 Formed by the replacement of one hydrogen 
 atom in a compound by a radicle, as a mon- 
 atomic alcohol. 
 
 Monaxon (mon-aks' -on) [povoc, single; axon]. A 
 neuron having only one axon. 
 
 Monerula (mon-er'-u-lah) [jxovqprjc, single]. 
 The impregnated ovum at a stage when it 
 has no nucleus. 
 
 Monesia (mo-ne'-ze-ah) [origin unknown]. An 
 extract from the Brazilian tree Chrysophyllum 
 glyciphlosum. It is stomachic, alterative, and 
 astringent. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 Gm.). 
 
 Monesin (mo-ne'-sin) [monesia]. The acrid 
 principle of monesia, said to be identical 
 with saponin; it is astringent and oxytocic. 
 
 Mongumo Bark (mon-gu'-mo). The bark of 
 Ochrosia borbonica, a tree of Madagascar; 
 used as a tonic. 
 
 Monilethrix {mo-nil' -eth-riks) [monile, a neck- 
 lace; dp!£, a hair]. An affection of the hair 
 in which nodes are strung regularly or irregu- 
 larly along the hair-shaft, giving it a beaded 
 appearance. 
 
 Moniliform (mon-il'-if-orm) [monile, a neck- 
 lace; forma, form]. Shaped like a necklace; 
 beaded or bead-like; resembling a string of 
 beads. 
 
 Monilithrix (mo-nil' -ith-riks). See Monil- 
 ethrix. 
 
 Monk's-hood (mungkz'-hood). See Aconitum. 
 
 Monneret's Pulse. The soft, full, and slow 
 pulse of icterus. 
 
 Mono- (mon-o-) [povoc, one]. A prefix signify- 
 ing one or single. 
 
 Monoanesthesia (mon - o - an - es - the'-ze-ah). 
 Anesthesia of a single part. 
 
 Monobacillary (mon-o-bas' -il-a-re) . Due to, 
 or characterized by, the presence of a single 
 species of bacillus. 
 
 Monobasic (mon-o-ba'-sik) [mono-; (Haocc, 
 foundation]. Of an acid, acid salt, or alcohol, 
 having one hydrogen atom replaceable by 
 a base. 
 Monoblepsia, Monoblepsis (mon-o-blep' -se-ah, 
 mon-o-blep'-sis) [mono-; ftXe^cc;, sight]. 1. A 
 condition in which either eye has a better 
 visual power than both together. 2. The form 
 of color-blindness in which but one color can 
 be perceived. 
 Monobrachius (mon - o - bra' - ke - us) [mono-; 
 Ppax'iojv, arm]. A monster having but one 
 arm. 
 Monobromated (mon-o-bro' -ma-ted) [mono-; 
 
 bromate]. Containing one atom of bromin 
 in the molecule. 
 
 Monobromid (mon-o-bro' -mid) [mono-; bromid], 
 A compound having one atom of bromin in 
 the molecule, or containing an amount of 
 bromin which, when compared with the 
 amount of bromin in other bromids of the 
 same base, may be regarded as unity. 
 
 Monocalcic (mon-o-kal'-sik). Containing one 
 atom of calcium in a molecule. 
 
 Monocellular (mon-o-seV -u-lar) . Unicellular. 
 
 Monocephalus (mon-o-sej' -al-us) [mono-; Kzcpa- 
 Arj, head]. A monster consisting of a single 
 head with two bodies more or less completely 
 fused. 
 
 Monochlorid (mon-o-klo'-rid). A chlorin com- 
 pound analogous to a monobromid (q. v.). 
 
 Monochorea (mon-o-ko-re' -ah) [mono-; chorea]. 
 Chorea confined to a single member or part 
 of the body. 
 
 Monochroic (mon-o-kro'-ik) [mono-; %p6a, 
 color]. Having only one color. Arterial 
 blood is monochroic. 
 
 Monochromasy (mon-o-kro'-mas-e) [see Mono- 
 chroic]. The perception of one color only. 
 
 Monochromat (mon-o-kro'-mal) . A person in 
 whom all the variations of the world of color 
 are reduced to a system of one color. 
 
 Monochromatic (mon-o -kro -mat' -ik). See 
 Monochroic. 
 
 Monochromatophil (mon - -kro - mat' - o-fil) 
 [mono-; xpcopa, color; <j>c\e~cv, to love]. 1. A 
 cell possessing a strong affinity for a single 
 acid stain. 2. Exhibiting a strong affinity 
 for a single stain. 
 
 Monocle (mon'-o-kl) [mono-; oculus, eye]. 
 1. A lens for one eye only. 2. A bandage 
 for one eye. 
 
 Monoclinic (mon-o-klin'-ik) [mono-; kXivt), bed]. 
 Applied to crystals in which the vertical axis 
 is inclined to one, but is at right angles to the 
 other, lateral axis. 
 
 Monococcus (mon-o-kok'-us) [mono-; kokkoc, 
 grain]. A coccus occurring in single indi- 
 viduals; one not united in chains or pairs. 
 
 Monocranus (mon-ok' -ran-us) [mono-; upav'cov, 
 cranium]. A double monster having a single 
 cranium. 
 
 Monocular (mon-ok' -u-lar) [mono-; oculus, 
 eye]. 1. Pertaining to or affecting only one 
 eye, as monocular diplopia; performed with 
 one eye only, as monocular vision. 2. Having 
 a single ocular or eyepiece, as a monocular 
 microscope. 
 
 Monodactylism (mon-o-dak' -til-izm) [mono-; 
 danzuXoc, finger]. A malformation character- 
 ized by the presence of only one toe or finger 
 on the foot or hand. 
 
 Monogastric (mon-o-gas'-trik) [mono-; yao~T\p, 
 belly]. Having one stomach or one belly. 
 
 Monogenesis (mon-o-jen' -es-is) [mono-; ykveocc, 
 origin]. 1. Development of offspring resem- 
 bling the parent, as distinguished from meta- 
 genesis. 2. Development from a single her- 
 maphroditic parent; asexual reproduction. 3. 
 Origin of all organisms from a single cell. 
 
 Monohydric (mon-o-hi' -drik) [mono-; uowp, 
 
MONOIODID 
 
 616 
 
 MONSEL'S SALT 
 
 water]. Containing one atom of replaceable 
 hydrogen, as monohydric acid, monohydric 
 alcohol. 
 
 Monoiodid {mon-o-i' -o-did) . An iodin com- 
 pound analogous to a monobromid. 
 
 Monoiodiddibismuthme t h yl e n e dicresotin- 
 ate {mon-o-i-od-id-di-biz-muth-meth-il-en-di- 
 kres-o' -tin-dt) . A fine, impalpable and in- 
 soluble powder, containing 45 % of bismuth, 
 15 % of iodin, and 3 % of formaldehyd in 
 definite chemic combination; used as a dust- 
 ing-powder in surgery. It is antiseptic, as- 
 tringent, desiccating, and granulation-forming. 
 
 Monol {mon'-ol). An aqueous solution of cal- 
 cium permanganate (2 : 1000) used to purify 
 drinking-water. 
 
 Monolocular {mon-o-lok' -u-lar) . See Uni- 
 locular. 
 
 Monoma {mon-o'-mah) [mono-; op.a, tumor]. 
 A painful uterine tumor, always solitary, 
 steadily progressing to a fatal termination, 
 accompanied by severe and continuous hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 Monomania {mon-o-ma' -ne-ah) [mono-; fiavta, 
 madness]. A form of insanity characterized 
 by a limited disturbance of the mental func- 
 tions that dominates the person's thoughts 
 and actions. 
 
 Monomaniac {mon-o-ma' -ne-ak) [monomania]. 
 A person affected with monomania. 
 
 Monomelic {mon-o-mer' -ik) [mono-; p-kpog, a 
 part]. Consisting of a single piece. 
 
 •Monometallic {mon-o-met-al' -ik) [mono-; me- 
 tallic]. 1. Containing one atom of a metal 
 in a molecule. 2. Capable of replacing one 
 atom of hydrogen in an acid. 3. Consisting 
 of one metal. 
 
 Monomphalus {mon-om' '-}al-us) [mono-; 6/i(f>a- 
 Xog, navel]. A double monster united by a 
 common umbilicus. 
 
 Mononephrous {mon-o-nef '-rus) [mono-; ve<f>poc, 
 kidney]. Limited to one kidney. 
 
 Mononeuric {mon-o-nu' -rik) [mono-; vzbpov, 
 nerve]. Applied to a nerve-cell having only 
 one neuraxon. 
 
 Mononeuritis {mon-o-nu-ri' -tis) [mono-; neu- 
 ritis]. Neuritis affecting a single nerve. M., 
 Multiplex, neuritis affecting simultaneously 
 single nerves remote from each other. 
 
 Mononuclear {mon-o-nu' -kle-ar) . See Uni- 
 nuclear. 
 
 Monoparesis {mon-o-par' -e-sis) [mono-; par- 
 esis]. Paralysis of a single part of the body, as 
 of one limb. 
 
 Monoparesthesia {mon - o - par -es- the'-ze-ah) 
 [mono-; paresthesia]. Paresthesia confined 
 to one limb or part. 
 
 Monophasia {mon-o-fa'-ze-ah) [mono-; aphasia]. 
 A form of aphasia in which speech is limited 
 to a single syllable, word, or phrase. 
 
 Monophobia {mon-o-fo' -be-ah) [mono-; (f>6^og, 
 fear]. Morbid dread of being alone. 
 
 Monophosphate {mon-o-fos'-fat). A phosphate 
 with only one atom of phosphorus in the 
 molecule. 
 
 Monoplasmatic {mon - o - plaz - mat' - ik) . See 
 Monoplastic. 
 
 Monoplast {mon'-o-plast) [mono-; Ttlaoos.iv, 
 to form]. A simple cell. 
 
 Monoplastic {mon - o - plas' - tik) [monoplast]. 
 Composed of only one substance. 
 
 Monoplegia {mon - o - pie' - je - ah) [mono-; 
 xfyrV, stroke]. Paralysis of a single limb or 
 of a single muscle or group of muscles. It 
 is designated as brachial, crural, or facial, 
 when affecting the arm, the leg, or the face, 
 respectively, and as central {cerebral) or 
 peripheral, according to the seat of the causal 
 lesion. 
 
 Monops {mon' -ops). See Cyclops. 
 
 Monopus {mon'-o-pus) [mono-; itobc, foot]. 
 
 1. Congenital absence of one foot or leg. 
 
 2. A one-footed monstrosity. 
 Mono^adicular {mon-o-rad-ik' -u-lar) [mono-; 
 
 radix, root]. Applied to teeth with only one 
 root. 
 
 Monorchid, Monorchis {mon-or'-kid, mo-nor- 
 kis) [mono-; bpxcg, testis]. A person who 
 has but one testicle, or in whom one testicle 
 only has descended into the scrotum. 
 
 Monosodic {mon-o-so'-dik). Having one atom 
 of sodium in the molecule. 
 
 Monosomus, Monosomia {mon-o-so'-mus, 
 mon-o-so' -me-ah) [mono-; o6jp.a, body]. A 
 double monster with a single body and two 
 heads. 
 
 Monospasm {mon' -o-spazm) [mono-; onaopoc, 
 spasm]. Spasm affecting limited areas, as 
 one side of the face, a single limb, or a single 
 muscle or muscle-group. It is designated 
 as brachial, crural, or facial, according to 
 the part affected, and as central {cerebral) or 
 peripheral, according to the seat of the causal 
 lesion. 
 
 Monostratal {mon-o-stra'-tal) [mono-; stratum, 
 a layer]. Arranged in a single layer or 
 stratum. 
 
 Monosymptomatic {mon-o-simp-tom-at'-ik). 
 Having but one dominant symptom. 
 
 Monotrichous {mon-of -rik-us) [mono-; 0p'£, 
 hair]. Applied to that type of ciliation in 
 bacteria which is marked by a single flagellum 
 at one pole. 
 
 Monoxenous {mon-oks' -en-us) [mono-; ^evoc, 
 host]. Applied to parasitism confined to one 
 host. 
 
 Monoxid {mon-oks' -id) . An oxygen compound 
 analogous to a monobromid {q. v.). 
 
 Monro, Foramen of . See Foramen of Monro. 
 M.'s Line, a line drawn from the umbilicus to 
 the anterior superior spine of the ilium. 
 M.'s Point, the point sometimes selected in 
 paracentesis abdominis, midway on Monro's 
 line. M.'s Sulcus, a longitudinal fissure 
 extending from the foramen of Monro to the 
 sylvian aqueduct, and dividing each lateral 
 wall of the third ventricle into an upper and 
 a lower portion. 
 
 Mons, M. veneris {monz). The eminence in 
 front of the symphysis pubis of the woman. 
 
 Monsel's Salt. Ferric subsulfate. M.'s 
 Solution {liquor ferri subsulphatis, U. S. P.), 
 a solution of ferric subsulfate, used as a 
 styptic. 
 
MONSTER 
 
 617 
 
 MONSTROSITIES 
 
 Monster (mon'-ster) [monstrum, an evil omen]. 
 An individual who, by reason of congenital 
 faulty development, is incapable of properly 
 performing the vital functions, or who, owing 
 to an excess or deficiency of parts, differs in 
 a marked degree from the normal type of 
 the species. 
 
 Monstrosity (mon-stros' -it-e) [monster], i. The 
 condition of a monster. 2. A monster. 
 
 2. Anomalous divisions, as splits, fissures in 
 various organs, harelip, hypospadia, 
 fissured tongue, cleft palate, fissured 
 cheek. 
 
 VI. ANOMALIES OF NUMBER AND EXISTENCE. 
 
 1. By numeric defect, as absence of muscles, 
 
 vertebras, ribs, digits, teeth, a lung, a 
 kidney, the uterus, the bladder, etc. 
 
 2. By numeric excess, as supernumerary digits, 
 
 ribs, teeth, breasts, a double uterus. 
 
 TABLE OF MONSTROSITIES.* 
 
 According to Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Altered 
 by Hirst and Piersol. 
 
 HETEROTAXIS. 
 
 I. Splanchnic Inversion. 
 II. General Inversion. 
 
 HEMITERATA. 
 
 I. ANOMALIES OF VOLUME. 
 
 A. Of Stature. 
 
 1. General Diminution, as in a dwarf — delayed 
 growth. 
 
 2. General Increase, as in a giant — precocious 
 
 development. 
 
 B. Of Volume, strictly speaking. 
 
 1. Local Diminution. Affecting — 
 
 i(a) Regions, as a limb. 
 (b) Systems, as undeveloped muscles. 
 (c) Organs, as small breasts, stenosis of 
 canals, etc. 
 
 2. Local increase, affecting — 
 
 (a) Regions, as the head. 
 
 i(b) Systems, as the adipose tissue. 
 (c) Organs, as large breasts in women 
 lactiferous breasts in men. 
 II. ANOMALIES OF FORM. Single Order, including 
 — deformed heads; anomalies of shape in the 
 stomach; deformed pelves, etc. 
 
 III. ANOMALIES OF COLOR. 
 
 A. Deficiency, complete, partial, or imperfect, as in 
 
 albinism. 
 
 B. Excess, complete, partial, or imperfect, as in 
 
 melanism. 
 
 C. Alteration, as in unusual color of the iris. 
 
 IV. ANOMALIES OF STRUCTURE. 
 
 A. Deficiency in Consistency, as cartilaginous con- 
 
 ditions of bones. 
 
 B. Excess in Consistency, as anomalous ossification. 
 
 V. ANOMALIES OF DISPOSITION. 
 
 A. By Displacement. 
 
 1. 0} the splanchnic organs, as anomalous 
 
 direction of heart or stomach, hernias, 
 exstrophy of the bladder, etc. 
 
 2. Of the nonsplanchnic organs, as club-foot, 
 
 curvature of the spine, misplaced teeth, 
 misplaced blood-vessels, etc. 
 
 B. By Change of Connection. 
 
 1. Anomalous articulations. 
 
 2. A nomalous implantations, as teeth out of line. 
 
 3. Anomalous attachments, as of muscles and 
 
 ligaments. 
 
 4. A nomalous branches, as of arteries and nerves. 
 
 5. Anomalous openings, as of veins into the left 
 
 auricle, of the ductus choledochus in an 
 
 unusual situation, of the vagina into the 
 
 rectum, of the rectum into the male Genus II 
 
 urethra, of the rectum at the umbilicus, 
 
 etc. 
 
 C. In Continuity. 
 
 1. Anomalous im perforations, as of rectum, 
 
 vulva, vagina, mouth, esophagus. 
 
 2. Anomalous union of organs, as of kidneys, 
 
 testicles, digits, teeth, ribs; adhesion 
 of the tongue to the palate. 
 
 D. By Closure, as in complete transverse septum 
 
 in the vagina. 
 
 E. By Disjunction. 
 
 1. Anomalous perforations, as persistence of 
 
 foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ura- 
 
 chus. 
 
 ♦Reproduced, with the kind consent of the publishers, 
 
 from "Human Monstrosities," by Barton Cooke Hirst, 
 
 M. D., and George A. Piersol, M. D., Philadelphia: Lea 
 
 Brothers & Co., 1802. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITES. 
 I. True Hermaphrodites. 
 
 (a) Bilateral hermaphrodites. 
 
 (b) Unilateral hermaphrodites. 
 
 (c) Lateral hermaphrodites. 
 II. Pseudohermaphrodites, with double sexual 
 
 formation of the external genitals, but with 
 unisexual development of the reproductive 
 glands (ovaries and testicles). 
 
 (a) Male pseudohermaphrodites, with testicles. 
 
 1. Internal pseudohermaphrodites: Develop- 
 ment of uterus masculinus. 
 
 2. External pseudohermaphrodites: External 
 genitals approach the female type; the 
 monstrosity presents a feminine appear- 
 ance and build. 
 
 3. Complete pseudohermaphrodites (internal and 
 external) : Uterus masculinus with tubes; 
 separate efferent canals for bladder and 
 uterus. 
 
 (b) Female pseudohermaphrodites, with ovaries: 
 Persistence of male sexual parts. 
 
 1. Internal hermaphrodites: Formation of vas 
 deferens and tubes. 
 
 2. External hermaphrodites: Approach of the 
 external genitals to the male type. 
 
 3. Complete hermaphrodites (internal and ex- 
 ternal) : Masculine formation of the 
 external genitals and of a part of the 
 sexual tract. 
 
 MONSTERS. 
 CLASS I.— SINGLE MONSTERS. 
 Order I. — Autositic Monsters. 
 
 Genus I. 
 
 Species 1 . Ec- 
 
 tromelus \ Hemimelus. 
 
 Micromelus. 
 Ectromelus. 
 
 Phocomelus. 
 
 Species 2 
 
 Genus III. . 
 
 Single species. 
 C el soma . . . 
 
 Species 1. Ex- 
 encephalus — 
 
 Species 2 . Pseud 
 
 encephalus 
 
 ud- ( N 
 
 ... < t: 
 IPs 
 
 Symelus. 
 
 Uromelus. 
 
 Sirenomelus. 
 
 Aspalasoma. 
 
 Agenosoma. 
 
 Cyllosoma. 
 
 Schistosoma. 
 
 Pleurosoma. 
 
 Celosoma. 
 
 Notencephalus. 
 Proencephalus. 
 Podencephalus. 
 Hyperencephalus. 
 Iniencephalus. 
 k Exencephalus. 
 
 osencephalus. 
 Thlipsencephalus. 
 Pseudencephalus. 
 
 Species 3. An- 
 encephalus 
 
 Derencephalus. 
 Anencephalus. 
 
MONTEGGIA'S DISLOCATION 
 
 618 
 
 MORGAGNI'S CARTILAGES 
 
 Species i. Cy- 
 clocephalus . . . 
 
 Genus IV. 
 
 Order II. 
 
 Oto- 
 
 Ethmocephalus. 
 
 Cebocephalus. 
 
 Rhinocephalus. 
 
 Cyclocephalus. 
 
 Stomocephalus. 
 
 Sphenocephalus. 
 
 Otocephalus. 
 
 Edocephalus. 
 
 Opococephalus. 
 
 Triocephalus. 
 
 Omphalositic Monsters. 
 f Species i. Par- ( Paracephalus. 
 
 acephalus -< Omacephalus. 
 
 ( Hemiacephalus. 
 
 Species 2. 
 cephalus 
 
 Genus I. 
 
 Acephalus. 
 
 Peracephalus. 
 
 Mylacephalus. 
 
 Species 2. 
 
 Acephalus — 
 
 Species 3. A so- 
 mata. 
 Genus II, Single Species, A nideus. 
 
 CLASS II —COMPOSITE MONSTERS. 
 Order I. — Double Autositic Monsters. 
 
 A. Terata katadidyma. 
 
 Genus I, Diprosopus. 
 Genus II, Dicephalus. 
 Genus III, Ischiopagus. 
 Genus IV, Pygopagus. 
 
 B. Terata anadidyma. 
 
 Genus I, Dipygus. 
 Genus II, Syncephalus. 
 Genus III, Craniopagus. 
 
 C. Terata anakatadidyma. 
 
 Genus I, Prosopothoracopagus. 
 Genus II, Omphalopagus. 
 Genus III, Rachipagus. 
 
 Order II. 
 
 Genus I. 
 
 Double Parasitic Monsters. 
 
 f Heteropagus. 
 Species 1. He- I Heterodelphus. 
 
 terotypus \ Heterodymus. 
 
 1 Heterotypus. 
 
 He- 
 
 Genus II. 
 
 Species 2 
 teralius 
 
 Species 1. 
 
 Polygnathus . 
 
 Species 2. 
 
 Polymelus 
 
 Genus III. 
 
 Endocyma . 
 
 \ Heteromorphus. 
 
 Epicomus. 
 
 {Epignathus. 
 Hypognathus. 
 Paragnathus. 
 Augnathus. 
 
 f Pygomelus. 
 I Gastromelus. 
 \ Notomelus. 
 
 Cephalomelus. 
 [ Melomelus. 
 f Dermocyma. 
 \ Endocyma. 
 
 Order III. — Triple Monsters. 
 
 Monteggia's Dislocation. See Dislocation, 
 
 Montgomery's Cups. The enlarged epithelial 
 depressions in the mucosa of the uterus. 
 M.'s Glands. See Glands, Montgomery's. 
 M.'s Tubercles, the sebaceous glands of the 
 areola of the nipple appearing as small promi- 
 nences, especially during pregnancy and lacta- 
 tion; they communicate occasionally with 
 aberrant galactophorous glands. 
 
 Monthly Courses, M. Sickness. The menses. 
 M. Nurse, a nurse who attends a woman 
 after childbirth. 
 
 Monticle {mon' -tik-l) . See Monticnlus cere- 
 belli. 
 
 Monticulus {mon-tik' -u-lus) [L.]. A small 
 
 elevation. M. cerebelli, the prominent cen- 
 tral portion of the superior vermiform process 
 of the cerebellum. 
 
 Moon-blindness. Amblyopia from exposure 
 of the eyes to moonlight during sleep. 
 
 Moore's Fracture. Fracture of the lower 
 end of the radius with dislocation of the 
 ulna, the styloid process being tied down 
 by the annular ligament. M.'s Test for 
 Glucose, treat the solution with one-fourth 
 of its volume of sodium or potassium hydroxid 
 and warm it; it will become first yellow, 
 then orange, and finally brown, depending 
 upon the amount of glucose present. 
 
 Morand's Disease Paresis of the lower ex- 
 tremities. M.'s Foot, a deformity of the 
 foot that consists in the presence of eight toes. 
 M.'s Spur, the calcaneum. 
 
 Morbid (mor'-bid) [morbus, disease]. Per- 
 taining to disease or diseased parts. M. 
 Anatomy. See Anatomy, Morbid. 
 
 Morbidity (mor-bid'-it-e) [tnorbid]. 1. The 
 quality of disease or of being diseased. 2. The 
 conditions inducing disease. 3. The ratio 
 of the number of sick individuals to the total 
 population of a place. 
 
 Morbidize (mor'-bid-iz) [morbid]. To render 
 sickly or abnormal. 
 
 Morbific (mor-bif'-ik) [morbus; facere, to make]. 
 Producing disease. 
 
 Morbilli {mor-bil'-i) [morbus']. Measles. 
 
 Morbilliform (mor-bil'-if-orm) [morbilli]. Re- 
 sembling measles. 
 
 Morbus (mor'-bus) [L.]. Disease. M. ad- 
 disonii, Addison's disease. M. anglicus, 
 rachitis. M. basedowii. See Goiter, Exoph- 
 thalmic. M. brightii. See Bright' s Disease. 
 M. caducus, epilepsy. M. caeruleus, con- 
 genital cyanosis. M. celsi, catalepsy. M., 
 Cholera. See Cholera morbus. M. cordis, the 
 phenomena of chronic cardiac disease. M. 
 coxae, M. coxarius, coxalgia. M. divinus, 
 epilepsy. M. gallicus, syphilis. M. macu- 
 losus werlhofii, purpura haemorrhagica. M. 
 magnus, epilepsy. M. medicorum, the 
 mania of those who seek the advice of physi- 
 cians for imaginary diseases. Morbi pole- 
 mici, diseases incidental to war; gunshot 
 wounds. M. regius, jaundice. M. sacer, 
 epilepsy. M. vesicularis, pemphigus. 
 
 Morcellation (mor-sel-a'-shun) [Ft., morceler, 
 to cut up or parcel out]. The art of reduc- 
 ing to fragments, as the fetus in embryotomy; 
 the removal of a tumor or fetus piecemeal. 
 
 Morcellement (mor-sel-mon (g) ). See Mor- 
 cellation. 
 
 Mordant {mor'-dant) [mordere, to bite]. A sub- 
 stance, such as alum, phenol, anilin oil, that 
 fixes the dyes used in coloring textures or 
 in staining tissues and bacteria. 
 
 Morel's Ear. A large, outstanding ear with 
 more or less pronounced effacement of the j 
 ridges and grooves. 
 
 Morgagni's Cartilages (mor-gan'-yez). See 
 Cartilages 0} Wrisberg. M.'s Caruncle, the 
 middle lobe of the prostate. M.'s Cataract. 
 See Cataract, Morgagnian. M.'s Columns, 
 
(de) MORGAN'S SPOTS 
 
 619 
 
 MORPHOLOGY 
 
 the columns of the rectum. M.'s Concha. 
 See Concha, Morgagni's. M.'s Foramen. 
 See Meibomian Foramen. M.'s Fossa, 
 i. The fossa navicularis of the urethra. 2. 
 The concave interspace between the upper 
 border of the superior constrictor muscles of 
 the pharynx and the basilar process of the 
 occipital bone. M.'s Frenum, M.'s Retinac- 
 ulum, the ridge formed around the cavity of 
 the cecum by the prolongation of the folds of 
 the ileocecal valve. M.'s Glands. See Glands, 
 Lime's. M.'s Globules, M.'s Spheres, 
 small, hyaline bodies found between the crys- 
 talline lens and its capsule before and after 
 death, especially in cases of cataract. They 
 are due to coagulation of the albuminous 
 fluid contained in the lens. M.'s Hydatid. 
 See Hydatid, Morgagni's. M.'s Lac- 
 unas, small depressions in the mucosa of 
 the urethra, especially the bulbous portion. 
 M.'s Liquor, a clear fluid formed postmortem 
 in the crystalline lens. M. ; s Nodules. See 
 Corpora arantii. M.'s Prolapse, chronic hy- 
 perplastic inflammation of the mucosa and 
 submucosa of Morgagni's ventricle. It is 
 not a true prolapse. M.'s Sinus, the pros- 
 tatic sinus. M.'s Sinuses, M.'s Valves, 
 small pouches, opening upward, formed by 
 the rectal mucosa, just above the anus. M.'s 
 Tubercles. See Montgomery's Tubercles. M.'s 
 Ventricle, the sacculus laryngis, the sac 
 between the superior vocal bands and the 
 inner surface of the thyroid cartilage. 
 
 (de) Morgan's Spots. Bright red nevoid spots 
 frequently seen on the skin in cases of can- 
 cer. 
 
 Morgue (morg) [Fr.]. A place where unknown 
 dead are exposed for identification. 
 
 Moria (mo'-re-ah) [pnopca, folly]. A form of 
 dementia characterized by talkativeness and 
 silliness. 
 
 Moribund (mor'-ib-und) [moribnndus, from 
 moriri, to die]. In a dying condition. 
 
 Morioplasty (mor 1 '-e-o-plas-te) [[xoptov, a small 
 piece; -Xaooeiv, to mold]. Plastic surgery. 
 
 Morning-sickness. The nausea of pregnant 
 women, occurring chiefly in the early months 
 of gestation; also, the imitative or sympathetic 
 nausea sometimes experienced by the hus- 
 band during the wife's early pregnancy. 
 
 Morphea (mor-fe'-ah) [tiopcfri}, a blotch]. A dis- 
 ease of the skin characterized by the pres- 
 ence of rounded or oval, pinkish or ivory- 
 white patches, due to an excess of fibrous 
 tissue, with atrophy of the skin-structures 
 proper. It is believed to be a trophoneuro- 
 sis, and is considered a circumscribed form 
 of scleroderma. Syn., Addison's keloid; Cir- 
 cumscribed scleroderma. M., Acroteric, the 
 form in which the beginning and the great- 
 est intensity of the disease are at the ex- 
 tremities. M., Herpetiform, that in which 
 the lesions follow those of herpes in their 
 distribution. 
 
 Morpheum (mor' -fe-um) . Morphin. 
 
 Morphia (mor'-fe-ah). See Morphin. 
 
 Morphin, Morphina (mor'-fin, mor-fi'-nah) 
 
 [Morpheus, god of sleep], C 17 H 19 N0 3 + H 2 0. 
 A colorless or white crystalline alkaloid ob- 
 tained from opium, to which the chief effects 
 of opium are due. It differs from opium in 
 being less stimulant, less constipating, and 
 less likely to produce disagreeable after- 
 effects. On account of its insolubility in water 
 morphin is used principally in the form of 
 its salts. The dose of the salts of morphin 
 is J-J gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.). M. Acetate 
 {morphina acetas, U. S. P.), C 17 H 19 N0 3 . C 2 - 
 H 4 2 + 3H2O. From it are prepared liquor 
 morphia acetatis (B. P.) (§ gr. to the dram), 
 dose 20-40 min. (1.3-2.6 Cc), and injectio 
 morphina hypodermica (1 gr. in 10 min.). 
 M. Benzoate, C 17 H 19 N0 6 . C 7 H 6 2 , white 
 crystalline powder or prisms used in treat- 
 ment of asthma. Dose T V"4 gr- (0.005- 
 0.03 Gm.). M. Borate, a white powder 
 containing about 33% of morphin; recom- 
 mended for hypodermatic use and for eye- 
 lotions. M. Hydrochlorid (morphina hydro- 
 chloridum, U. S. P.), C 17 H 19 N0 3 . HC1 + 
 3H 2 0. From it are prepared liquor morphia 
 hydrochloratis (B. P.) (J gr. to the dram), 
 dose 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc); suppositoria mor- 
 phia (B. P.) (| gr. each}; tinctura chloro- 
 Jormi et morphina (^ gr. to the dram); tro- 
 chisci morphia (B. P.) (^ gr.), and trochisci 
 morphia et ipecacuanha (B. P.) (-^ gr.). 
 M. Phthalate, is employed hypodermatically. 
 M., Powder of, Compound (pulvis morphina 
 compositus, U. S. P.), Tully's powder. Dose 
 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.), containing \ gr. (0.01 Gm.) 
 of morphin sulfate. M. Stearate, C 17 H 19 - 
 N0 3 . C 17 H 35 COOH, contains 25% of mor- 
 phin and is used in applications (0.5 to 50 
 Gm. of fixed oil of almonds), ointments 
 (0.5 to 50 Gm. of petrolatum), and suppos- 
 itories (0.02 to 2.5 Gm. of cacao-butter). 
 M. Sulfate {morphina sulphas, U. S. P.), 
 (C 17 H 19 N 3 ) 2 . H 2 S0 4 + 5H,0. From it are 
 prepared liquor morphia sulphatis (B. P.), 
 dose 10-40 min. (0.65-2.5 Cc), the compound 
 powder of morphin, and liquor morphina 
 hypodermicus (N. F.), Magendie's solution, 
 containing 16 gr. to the ounce. M. Tartrate, 
 is emploved for hvpodermatic use. M. Val- 
 erate, M. Valerianate, C 17 H 19 X0 3 . C 5 - 
 H 10 O 2 , is used as a sedative. 
 
 Morphinism (mor'-fin-izm) [morphin]. 1. The 
 condition caused by the habitual use of mor- 
 phin. 2. The morphin-habit. 
 
 Morphinodipsia (mor-fm-o-dip'-se-ah) [mor- 
 phin; o'c^a, thirst]. Morphinomania. 
 
 Morphinomania, Morphiomania {mor-fn-o- 
 ma'-ne-ah, mor-Je-o-ma'-ne-ali) [?norphin; fia- 
 v'ca, madness]. 1. A morbid craving for 
 morphin. 2. Insanity due to the morphin- 
 habit. 
 
 Morphinum, Morphium (mor-fi'-num, mor'- 
 }e-um). Morphin. 
 
 Morphography (mor-fog'-ra-fe). See Morphol- 
 ogy. 
 
 Morphologic (mor-fo-loj'-ik). Pertaining to 
 morphology. 
 
 Morphology (mor-fol'-o-je) [p.op<j)-q, form; Uyoc, 
 
MORPHOMETRY 
 
 620 
 
 MOTHER 
 
 science]. The science that treats of the form 
 and structure of organized beings. 
 
 Morphometry {mor-jom'-et-re) \jiop<f>-q, form; 
 fiizpov, a measure]. The measurement of the 
 forms of organisms. 
 
 Morphon {mor'-fon) \jiop<j>rj, form]. An in- 
 dividual element of an organism, character- 
 ized by a definite form, as a cell or a segment 
 of a vertebrate. 
 
 Morphosis (mor-fo'-sis) [see Morphon]. The act, 
 mode, or order of formation of an organ- 
 ism. 
 
 Morphotic {mor-fot'-ik) [morphosis]. Pertain- 
 ing to morphosis; entering into the forma- 
 tion of the framework of an organism. M. 
 Proteids, those that enter into the struc- 
 ture of the tissues. 
 
 Morpio (mor'-pe-o) [L.]. The crab-louse. ~ 
 
 Morrant -Baker's Cysts. See Cysts, Baker's. 
 
 Morrhua {mor'-u-ah) [L.]. The cod. Mor- 
 rhua^, Emulsum Olei (U. S. P.), a mixture 
 of cod-liver oil, acacia, syrup, oil of gaul- 
 theria, and water. Dose 2 dr. (8 Co). 
 Morrhuae, Emulsum Olei, cum Hypo- 
 phosphitibus (U. S. P.), emulsion of cod- 
 liver oil and hypophosphites, contains of cod- 
 liver oil, 500 Co; acacia, 125 Gm.; calcium 
 hypophosphite, 10 Gm.; potassium hypo- 
 phosphite, 5 Gm. ; sodium hypophosphite, 
 5 Gm.; syrup, 10 Co; oil of gaultheria, 4 
 Co; water, q. s. Dose 2 dr. (8 Co). Mor- 
 rhuae, Oleum (U. S. P.), cod-liver oil, a fixed 
 oil obtained from the fresh livers of Gadus 
 morrhua and other species of Gadus. Three 
 varieties of oil are known in commerce — 
 a white or pale-yellow, a brownish-yellow, 
 and a dark-brown. The oil contains gaduin 
 (C 35 H 46 9 ), oleic, palmitic, stearic, myristic, 
 and physetolic acids, glycerol, butyric and 
 acetic acids, biliary pigments, iodin, and 
 bromin. A crystalline substance, morrhuol, 
 containing phosphorus, iodin, and bromin, 
 has also been isolated, as well as several 
 leukomains and the fixed bases, asellin (C 25 - 
 H 32 N 4 ) and morrhuin CO^H^Ng). Cod-liver 
 oil is used in pulmonary and other forms 
 of tuberculosis, and in wasting conditions 
 due to other causes. Dose 1 dr.-^ oz. (4- 
 16 Co). 
 
 Morrhuin (rnor' -u-in) . See under Morrhua. 
 
 Morrhuol (mor'-u-ol). See under Morrhua. 
 
 Morris' Test. A rod graduated from the cen- 
 ter and provided with sliding pointers is 
 placed across the abdomen, so that its center 
 corresponds to the median line of the body, 
 and the pointers are moved along it until they 
 reach the outer surface of the greater tro- 
 chanter. In cases of fracture of the neck 
 of the femur a discrepancy will be found on 
 comparing the measurements on the two sides 
 of the body. 
 
 Mors (morz) [L.]. Death. 
 
 Morselling {mor' -sel-ing) . See Morcellation. 
 
 Morsus {mor'-sus) [L.]. A bite. M. diaboli, 
 a fanciful name for the fimbriated extremity 
 of the oviduct. 
 
 Mortal {mor'-tal) [mortalis, from mors, death]. 
 
 Liable to death or dissolution; terminating 
 in death; causing death; deadly. 
 
 Mortality {mor-taV -it-e) [mortal]. 1. The qual- 
 ity of being mortal. 2. The death-rate. 
 
 Mortar {mor'-tar) [mortarium, an urn]. An 
 urn-shaped vessel of porcelain, iron, or glass, 
 for pulverizing substances by means of a 
 pestle. 
 
 Mortiferous {mor-tif -er-us) [mors; ferre, to 
 bear]. Fatal. 
 
 Morton's Cough. See Cough, Morton's. M.'s 
 Disease, metatarsalgia. M.'s Foot, a pain- 
 ful affection of the metatarsophalangeal joint 
 of the fourth toe. 
 
 Mortuary {mor' -tu-a-re) [mortuarium, a tomb]. 
 1. A. house for temporary burial. 2. Relat- 
 ing to death or burial. 
 
 Morula {mor'-u-lah) [dim. of morum, a mul- 
 berry]. The solid mass of Cells resulting 
 from the complete segmentation of the vitel- 
 lus of an ovum. 
 
 Morulation {mor -u-la' -shun) [morula]. The 
 formation of the morula during the process 
 of the segmentation of the egg. 
 
 Morulus {mor'-u-lus). The lesion character- 
 istic of frambesia. A frambesial sore. 
 
 Morum {mo' -rum) [L., "a mulberry"]. 1. 
 The fruit of the mulberry. 2. Condyloma. 
 3. Nevus. 
 
 Morus {mo'-rus). See Mulberry. 
 
 Morvan's Chorea. See Chorea, Morvan's. 
 M.'s Disease, a trophic affection of the skin 
 with pain, followed by analgesia first of one 
 side, then of the other, and then the formation 
 of whitlows attended with necrosis of the 
 phalanges. Muscular atrophy, paresis, con- 
 traction of the fingers, and loss of the sensa- 
 tions of heat and cold are other symptoms. 
 
 Moschus (mos'-kus). See Musk. 
 
 Mosquito (mus-ke'-to) [Sp., "a little gnat"]. 
 An insect the sting of which causes the forma- 
 tion of a wheal that itches intensely; especially 
 the Culex mosquito. It is also a pathogenic 
 agent in the transmission of disease. See 
 Anopheles, Culex, Stegomyia, etc. 
 
 Moss [AS., meos]. 1. A small cryptogamic 
 plant of the natural order Musci. M., 
 Ceylon. See Agar. M., Club-. See Lyco- 
 podium. M., Corsican. See Corsican Moss. 
 M. -fibers, peculiar fibers derived from the 
 white center of the cerebellum, and charac- 
 terized by having pencils of fine short 
 branches at intervals like tufts of moss; they 
 end partly in the granular layer, partly in 
 the molecular layer. M., Iceland. See 
 Chondrus. M., Irish. See Chondrus. 
 
 Moth, Moth -patches [AS., moththe]. Chlo- 
 asma. 
 
 Mother (muth'-er) [AS., moder]. 1. A female 
 parent. 2. The source of anything. 3. [allied 
 to AS., mud] A slimy film formed on the 
 surface of fermenting liquid, as on vin- 
 egar. M.-cell, a cell from which other cells 
 are formed, especially one the nucleus of 
 which is undergoing karyokinetic changes 
 preparatory to dividing into daughter-cells. 
 M. -liquor, the liquid remaining after dis- 
 
MOTILE 
 
 621 
 
 MOTOR 
 
 solved substances have separated by crystal- 
 lization. M.'s Mark, a birth-mark. See 
 Nevus. 
 Motile {mo'-til) [movere, to move]. Able to 
 
 Motion {mo' -shun) [movere, to move], i. The 
 act of changing place. 2. An evacuation of 
 the bowels; the matter evacuated. 
 
 Motor {mo' -tor) [see Motion]. 1. Moving or 
 
 Frontalis 
 
 Facial (upper) 
 
 Corrugator supercilii. 
 
 Orbicularis palp 
 Nasal muscles 
 Zygomatici 
 Orbicularis oris 
 
 Facial (middle). 
 Masseter. 
 Levator menti. 
 Quadratus " 
 Triangularis " 
 
 Hypoglossus. 
 Facial (lower) 
 
 Hyoid muscles. 
 
 Omohyoideus. 
 
 Ext. anterior f 
 thoracic (pec-s 
 toralis major). (, 
 
 f Ascending frontal and parieta 1 
 (. convolutions (motor area). 
 
 f Third frontal convolution and 
 \ insula (center of speech). 
 Temporalis. 
 
 Facial (upper branch). 
 Facial (trunk). 
 Post, auricular. 
 
 ( Facial (middle branch; 
 
 ( lower branch). 
 Splenius. 
 
 — Sternomastoideus. 
 
 Spinal accessory. 
 
 Levator anguli scapulae. 
 
 Trapezius. 
 
 Dorsalis scapula? (rhomboids). 
 
 Circumflex. 
 
 Long thoracic (serratus magnus). 
 
 Phrenic. 
 
 Fifth and sixth cer- 
 vical (deltoid, bi- 
 ceps, brachialis, su- 
 pin, longus). 
 
 Motor Points of Face and Neck. 
 
 Branchial plexus. 
 
 Crural 
 
 Adductor magnus 
 Adductor longus 
 
 "1 Tensor vag. 
 J femoris. 
 
 Sartorius. 
 
 Quadriceps (common point). 
 
 Rectus femoris. 
 
 I Vastus extern. 
 
 Motor Points of Anterior Aspect of Left Thigh. 
 
 move; capable of spontaneous motion, as 
 a motile flagellum. 
 Motility {mo-til' -it-e) [motile]. Ability to move 
 spontaneously. 
 
 causing motion. 2. Concerned in or pertain- 
 ing to motion, as motor cell, motor center, motor 
 nerve. M. Aphasia. See under Aphasia. 
 M. Area, the portion of the cerebral hemi- 
 
MOTOR 
 
 622 
 
 MOTOR 
 
 Motor Points of Palmar Aspect of the Left Arm. 
 
 Motor Points of Dorsal Aspect of Left Arm. 
 
MOTOR 
 
 623 
 
 MOTOR 
 
 Sciatic. 
 
 Biceps femoris 
 
 j (cap. long.), 
 ((cap. brev.). 
 
 Peroneal. 
 Gastrocnemius (cap. ext.). 
 
 Soleus. 
 Flexor long, hallucis. 
 
 r Gluteus maximus. 
 
 Adductor magnus. 
 
 Semitendinosus. 
 
 Semimembranosus. 
 
 Post, tibial. 
 
 Gastrocnemius (cap. int.). 
 Sokus. 
 
 Flexor digit, comm. long. 
 Tibial. 
 
 Motor Points of Posterior Aspect of Left Thigh and Leg. 
 
 Tibialis anticus. 
 Ext. digit, long. 
 
 Peroneus brevis. 
 Extensor hallucis longus. 
 
 Interossei dorsales. j 
 
 Peroneal. 
 
 Gastrocnemius. 
 Peroneus long. 
 
 Soleus. 
 
 Flex, hallucis long. 
 
 Ext. digit, brev. 
 Abductor min digit. 
 
 Motor Points of Outer Aspect of Left Leg. 
 
MOTORIAL 
 
 624 
 
 MUCILAGE 
 
 sphere presiding over voluntary motion, in- 
 cluding the precentral and postcentral gyri, 
 the posterior part of the three frontal gyri, 
 and the paracentral lobule on the median 
 surface of the hemisphere. M. Nerve - 
 organs, M. Nerve-plates, M. -sprays. See 
 Fields of Innervation. M. oculi, the third 
 cranial or oculomotor nerve supplying all the 
 muscles of the eye except the superior ob- 
 lique and external rectus. M. Points, the 
 points on the surface of the body where the 
 various branches of the motor nerves sup- 
 plying the muscles may be stimulated by 
 electricity {see illustrations, pp. 621-623). 
 
 Motorial (mo-to'-re-al) [motor]. Of or pertain- 
 ing to motion. M. End-plate, an eminence 
 of protoplasm within the sarcolemma of a 
 muscular fiber, representing the termination 
 of the motor nerve-fiber. 
 
 Motorium {mo-to' '-re-uwi) [motor]. 1. A motor 
 center. 2. The motor apparatus of«the body, 
 both nervous and muscular, considered as a 
 unit. 
 
 Motormeter {mo-tor-me'-ier). A kinesiometer 
 used in recording gastric movements. 
 
 Motorpathy {mo-tor' -path-e) [motor; nbBog, dis- 
 ease]. Kinetotherapy. 
 
 Mottling {mot' -ling) [OF., matelle, clotted; cur- 
 dled]. A spotted condition. 
 
 Mould {mold). See Mold. 
 
 Mountain Anemia. Ankylostomiasis. M.- 
 fever, M. -sickness. 1. A condition char- 
 acterized by dyspnea, rapid pulse, headache, 
 nausea, and vomiting, depending upon the 
 rarefied state of the air at high altitudes. 
 This is properly called mountain-sickness. 2. 
 A form of typhoid fever occurring in moun- 
 tainous districts. 
 
 Mounting {mown' -ting) [mount]. The act of 
 arranging objects, especially anatomic speci- 
 mens, on a suitable support and in a proper 
 medium for ready examination. For macro- 
 scopic specimens the medium is usually al- 
 cohol; for microscopic specimens, Canada bal- 
 sam or glycerol. 
 
 Mouth {mowth) [AS., muth]. 1. The commence- 
 ment of the alimentary canal; the cavity in 
 which mastication takes place. In a restricted 
 sense, the aperture between the lips. 2. The 
 entrance to any cavity or canal. M. -breather, 
 a person who habitually breathes through the 
 mouth. M. -breathing, respiration through 
 the mouth instead of, as normally, through 
 the nose. 
 
 Movement {muv'-ment) [movere, to move]. 
 The act of moving. M., Ameboid, a move- 
 ment produced in certain cells, as the white 
 corpuscles, by the protrusion of processes of 
 the protoplasm into which the whole cell then 
 seems to flow; so called from the resemblance 
 of the movement to that of the ameba. M., 
 Associated, an involuntary movement in one 
 part when another is moved voluntarily. 
 M., Brownian, a physical phenomenon, 
 a form of communicated motion observed 
 in aggregations of minute particles, and con- 
 sisting of a rapid, oscillating movement 
 
 without change of the relative position of 
 the moving particles. M., Ciliary, a lash- 
 ing movement produced by delicate hair- 
 like processes termed cilia, as on the epi- 
 thelium of the respiratory tract and in cer- 
 tain microorganisms. M., Circus-, rapid 
 circular movements or somersaults, produced 
 by injury of the corpus striatum, of the optic 
 thalamus, or of the crus cerebri of one side. 
 M., Communicated, that produced by a 
 force acting from without; opposed to spon- 
 taneous movement. M., Fetal, the move- 
 ments of the fetus in the uterus. M., Forced, 
 movement of the body from injury of the 
 motor centers or the conducting paths, as 
 index movement, when the cephalic part of 
 the body is moved about the stationary 
 caudal part; rolling movement, when the ani- 
 mal rolls on its long axis. M., Molecular. 
 Synonym of M., Brownian. M., Vermicu- 
 lar, peristalsis. 
 
 Moxa {moks'-ah) [Jap.]. A combustile ma- 
 terial which is applied to the skin and ig- 
 nited for the purpose of producing an eschar. 
 It is prepared from several species of Arte- 
 misia; artificial moxa is made from cotton 
 saturated with niter. M. -bearer, an in- 
 strument for applying the moxa. Syn., 
 Porie-moxa. M., Electric, a faradic brush 
 used as an active electrode upon the dry 
 skin. 
 
 Moxibustion {moks-ib-us' -chun) [moxa; com- 
 bustion]. Cauterization by means of a moxa. 
 
 Muavin, Muawin {mu-ah'-vin, -win). An al- 
 kaloid from muawi-bark. The hydrobromid 
 is used as a cardiac stimulant. 
 
 Muawi-bark {mu-ah'-we-bark). The bark of a 
 leguminous tree closely related to Erythro- 
 phloeum coumingo; used as an arrow-poison 
 in Madagascar. Syn., Muawa. 
 
 Mucedin {mu'-se-din) [mucus]. A nitrogenous 
 substance obtained from gluten. 
 
 Mucherus {mu'-ker-us). The gum obtained 
 from Bomb ax malabaricum; it is astringent 
 and styptic. Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). 
 Syn., Mocharas; Mochras; Mochurrus. 
 
 Mucic {mu'-sik) [mucus]. Obtained from mu- 
 cus or mucilage. M. Acid, C 6 H 10 O 8 . A 
 crystalline dibasic acid produced by the oxi- 
 dation of gums and certain sugars. 
 
 Mucicarmin {mu-se-kar'-min). A stain for 
 mucin made up of carmin, 1 Gm.; alumin- 
 ium chlorid, 0.5 Gm.; distilled water, 2 Cc. 
 
 Mucigen {mu'-sij-en) [mucin; yewav, to pro- 
 duce. A substance producing mucin; it 
 is contained in epithelial cells that form 
 mucus. 
 
 Mucigenous {mu-sij' -en-us) [see Mucigen]. Pro- 
 ducing mucus. 
 
 Mucilage {mu'-sil-dj) [mucilago, moldy mois- 
 ture]. In pharmacy, a solution of a gum in 
 water. Mucilages {mucilagines) are employed 
 as applications to irritated surfaces, particu- 
 larly mucous membranes, as excipients for 
 pills, and to suspend insoluble substances. The 
 following are employed: Mucilago acacice (U. 
 S. P.), M. amyli (B. P.), M. sassafras medulla 
 
MUCILAGINOUS 
 
 625 
 
 MUELLER'S CAPSULE 
 
 (U. S. P.), M. tragacanthce (U. S. P.), M. 
 ulmi (U. S. P.). 
 Mucilaginous (w - sil - af - in - us) [mucilage]. 
 
 Pertaining to or of the nature of mucilage. 
 Mucilago (mu-sil-a'-go). See Mucilage. 
 Mucin (mu'-sin) [mucus]. An albuminoid sub- 
 stance, the characteristic constituent of mucus. 
 It is supposed to be produced by the union 
 of an albuminous body and a colloid carbo- 
 hydrate, the "animal gum" of Landwehr. 
 Mucin occurs in saliva, bile, secretions of 
 mucous membranes, synovial fluid, in mu- 
 cous tissue, in certain cysts, etc. It is insolu- 
 ble in water, and is precipitated by alcohol 
 and acetic acid. M. -sugar. See Levulose. 
 Mucinemia (mu-sin-e 1 '-me-ah) [mucin; af/ia, 
 blood]. The presence of mucin in the blood. 
 Mucinoblast {mu-sin'-o-blast) [mucin; fiXaoxbc, 
 a germ]. A cell whose function it is to elab- 
 orate mucin. Syn., Mast-cell. 
 Mucinogen (mu-sin'-o-jen) [mucin; yevvav, to 
 produce]. The antecedent principle from 
 which mucin is derived. 
 Mucinoid (mu'-sin-oid) [mucin; eldoc, like]. 
 
 Resembling mucin. 
 Mucinoids (mu'-sin-oidz). See Mucoids. 
 Mucinuria (mu-sin-u f -re-ah) [mucin; oopov, 
 urine]. The presence of mucin in the urine. 
 Muciparous (mu-sip'-ar-us) [mucus; parere, to 
 bring forth]. Secreting or producing mucus. 
 Mucitis (mu-si'-tis) [mucus; exec, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of a mucous membrane. 
 Mucivorous (mu-siv 1 '-or-us) [mucus; vorare, to 
 
 devour]. Subsisting on mucus or gum. 
 Muco- (mu-ko-) [mucus]. A prefix meaning 
 
 pertaining to mucus. 
 Mucocele (mu'-ko-sel) [muco-; ktjXt), tumor]. 
 A tumor formed from the distention of the 
 lacrimal sac by mucus. 
 Mucocolitis (mu-ko-ko-W '-tis) . See Colitis, Mu- 
 cous. 
 Mucocutaneous (mu-ko-ku-ta' -ne-us) [muco-; 
 cutaneous]. Pertaining to a mucous mem- 
 brane and the skin; pertaining to the lines 
 where these join. 
 Mucoid (mu'-koid) [muco-; eldoc, likeness]. 
 
 Resembling mucus. 
 Mucoids (mu'-koidz) [see Mucoid]. A group of 
 glycoproteids embracing colloid, chondromu- 
 coid, and pseudomucin, and differing from 
 true mucins in their solubilities and precipita- 
 tion properties. They are found in cartilage, 
 in the cornea and crystalline lens, in white of 
 egg, and in certain cysts and ascitic fluids. 
 Mucomembranous (mu - ko - mem' - bran - us). 
 
 See Mucosal. 
 Mucoperiosteum (mu -ko- per -i- os'-te - urn). 
 
 Periosteum possessing a mucous surface. 
 Mucopurulent (mu-ko -pu' -ru-lent) [muco-; 
 purulent]. Containing mucus mingled with 
 pus. 
 Mucopus (mu' -ko-pus) [muco-; pus]. A mix- 
 ture of mucus and pus. 
 Mucor (mu'-kor) [mucere, to be moldy]. A 
 genus of hyphomycetes. M. corymbifer, 
 a species found in the cerumen of the external 
 auditory meatus. M. mucedo, a species 
 41 
 
 found on fecal matter and nitrogenous or- 
 ganic substances. 
 Mucoriferous (mu-kor-if'-er-us) [mucor; ferre, 
 to bear]. Mold-bearing or covered with a 
 mold-like substance. 
 Mucosa (mu-ko' -sah) [mucosus, mucous]. A 
 mucous membrane; more fully, membrana 
 mucosa. 
 Mucosal (mu-ko'-sal). Relating to mucosas. 
 Mucosedative (mu-ko -sed'-at-iv). Soothing to 
 
 mucosas. 
 Mucosin (mu' -ko-sin) [mucus]. The form of 
 mucin to which the nasal, uterine, and bron- 
 chial mucus owe their viscosity. 
 Mucosity (mu-ko s'-it-e). Sliminess. 
 Mucous (mu'-kus) [mucus]. Containing or 
 having the nature of mucus; secreting mucus, 
 as mucous membrane; depending on the 
 presence of mucus, as mucous rales. M. 
 Casts, a term given to the casts found in the 
 feces in cases of membranous enteritis. M. 
 Catarrh, catarrhal inflammation of a mucous 
 membrane. M. Colitis. See Colitis, Mucous. 
 M. Disease, enterocolitis, especially of chil- 
 dren. M. Patch, a flattened, grayish-white 
 exudate, occurring in secondary syphilis on 
 mucous membranes and at mucocutaneous 
 junctions. M. Polyp, a soft, gelatinous out- 
 growth from a mucous membrane; it may 
 be a true myxoma, but usually is a hyper- 
 plasia due to chronic inflammation. M. 
 Tissue, a form of connective tissue in which 
 the intercellular substance is of a soft, gela- 
 tinous character and contains mucin. The 
 cells from pressure assume a stellate or spin- 
 dle shape. 
 Mucuna (mu-ku'-nah) [Braz.]. A genus of 
 leguminous herbs. The hairs of the pods of 
 M . pruriens, cowage, were formerly used as a 
 vermifuge and counterirritant. 
 Mucus (mu'-kus) [L.]. The viscid liquid 
 secreted by mucous membranes. It consists 
 of water, mucin, and inorganic salts, together 
 with epithelial cells, leukocytes, etc., held 
 in suspension. 
 Mud-bath. See Bath, Mud-. 
 Mueller's Capsule. See Bowman's Capsule. 
 M.'s Blood-motes, M.'s Dust-bodies. See 
 Hemokonia. M.'s Duct, a duct lying in- 
 ternally to the wolffian body; it practically 
 disappears in the male, but becomes the fal- 
 lopian tube and part of the uterus and vagina 
 in the female. M.'s Eminence, in the 
 embryo, the protuberance formed by the 
 cloaca at the point of entrance of Mueller's 
 duct. Syn., Colliculus miilleri. M.'s Ex- 
 periment. 1. See Valsalva's Experiment. 
 2. See Valsalva's Test. M.'s Fibers, modified 
 neuroglia cells which traverse perpendicularly 
 the layers of the retina, and connect the 
 internal and external limiting membranes. 
 M.'s Fluid, a fluid used for hardening tissues. 
 Its composition is as follows: Potassium 
 dichromate, 2 to 2.5 parts; sodium sulfate, 
 1 part; water, 100 parts. M.'s Ganglion. 
 See Ganglion, Jugular (Ehrenritter' s) . M.'s 
 Law. 1. The tissue of which a tumor is com- 
 
MUELLERTAN CYST 
 
 626 
 
 MUREXID 
 
 posed has its type in the tissues of the animal 
 body, either in the adult or in the embryonic con- 
 dition. 2. The "law of isolated conduction." 
 The nervous impulse, or "wave of change," 
 passing through a neuron is not communicated 
 to other neurons, even when these lie close 
 alongside of it, except at the terminals. M.'s 
 Muscle, i. The circular bundles of muscu- 
 lar fibers which form part of the ciliary muscle 
 and are situated nearest to the iris. 2. The 
 superior palpebral muscle. M.'s Ring, a 
 muscular ring formed at the internal os uteri 
 during the later stages of pregnancy. M.'s 
 Sarcoma, adenofibroma of the breast. Syn., 
 Sarcoma phyllodes. M.'s Sign, pulsation of 
 the tonsils and soft palate in cases of aortic 
 insufficiency. M.'s Test for Cystin, boil 
 the cystin with potassium hydroxid to dissolve 
 it; when cold, dilute with water and add a 
 solution of sodium nitroprussid. This pro- 
 duces a violet coloration which changes 
 rapidly to yellow. 
 
 Muellerian Cyst. A cyst developed from 
 Mueller's duct. 
 
 Muguet (mu-gwa') [Fr.]. Thrush. 
 
 Muira-puama [Indian name for straight tree]. 
 A shrub indigenous to the region of the 
 Amazon. It is recommended in the treat- 
 ment of impotence and as a nerve-tonic. 
 Dose of fluidextract 15-30 min. (1-2 Cc). 
 
 Mulberry (mul'-ber-e) [morus, mulberry-tree]. 
 A tree of the genus Morus. Morus nigra is 
 the source of mori succus of the B. P., the 
 latter being used to make syrupus mori (B. 
 P.). Both are employed as drinks in fevers 
 and as additions to gargles in pharyngitis. 
 The fruit of Morus alba is used as food for 
 silkworms. M. Calculus. See Calculus, 
 Mulberry. M. Mass. See Morula. 
 
 Mulder's Test for Glucose. Alkalinize the 
 solution with sodium carbonate and add a 
 solution of indigo-carmin. If glucose is pres- 
 ent, the solution becomes decolorized on 
 heating, but changes to blue again on shaking 
 with air. M.'s Test for Proteids, proteids 
 are colored yellow on treating with concen- 
 trated nitric acid; on the addition of ammonia 
 or sodium or potassium hydroxid they become 
 orange yellow. Syn., Xanthoproteic reaction. 
 
 Mullen, Mullein (mul'-en). See Verbascum. 
 
 Multangulum (mul-tan'-gu-lum) [multus, many; 
 angulus, an angle]. A bone with many angles. 
 M. majus, the trapezium. M. minus, the 
 trapezoid bone. 
 
 Multarticulate, Multiarticulate (mul-tar-tik'- 
 u-ldt, mul-te-ar-tik' -u-lat) [multus, many; ar- 
 ticulus, a joint]. Furnished with many joints. 
 
 Multi- (mul-te-) [multus, much]. A prefix signi- 
 fying many. 
 
 Multicellular (mul-te- seV '-u-lar) [multi-; cellula, 
 cell]. Many-celled. 
 
 Multifetation (mul-tif-e-ta'-shun) [multi-; feta- 
 tion]. Pregnancy with more than two fetuses. 
 
 Multifid (mul' -tif-id) . Divided into many parts. 
 
 Multigravida (mul-ti-grav'-id-ah) [multi-; grav- 
 idus, pregnant]. A pregnant woman who has 
 passed through one or more pregnancies. 
 
 Multilobular (mul-ti-lob' -u-lar) [multi-; lobule]. 
 Many-lobed. 
 
 Multilocular (mul-ti-lok' -u-lar) [multi-; loculus, 
 a locule or cell]. Many-celled; polycystic. 
 
 Multinebulizer (mul - te - neb' -u-li- zer). A 
 spraying device used in treatment of disease 
 of the nose, throat, and ear. 
 
 Multinuclear (mul-ti-nu' '-kle-ar) [multi-; nu- 
 cleus]. Having several or many nuclei. 
 
 Multipara (mul-tip' -ar-ah) [multi-; parere, to 
 bring forth]. 1. A pregnant woman who 
 has already borne one or more children. 
 Opposed to primipara. . It has been custo- 
 mary to designate the number of the preg- 
 nancy of a multipara by the unpronounceable 
 terms II-para, Ill-para, IV-para, etc. More 
 commendable are the following terms: 
 Secundipara, tertipara, quartipara, quinti- 
 para, sextipara, septimipara, octavipara, noni- 
 para, decimipara, etc., to designate respec- 
 tively a woman in her second, third, fourth, 
 etc., pregnancy. 2. A woman bearing several 
 offspring at a birth. 
 
 Multiparous imul-tip' -ar -us) [see Multipara]. 
 Having borne several children. 
 
 Multiple (mul'-tip-l) [multi-; plicare, to fold]. 
 Manifold; affecting many parts at the same 
 time. M. Neuritis. See Neuritis, Mul- 
 tiple. M. Sclerosis. See Sclerosis, Multiple. 
 
 Multipolar (mul-tip' -o-lar) [multi-; polus, a 
 pole]. Having more than one pole, as mul- 
 tipolar nerve-cells, those having more than 
 one process. 
 
 Multivalent (mul-tiv' -al-ent) [multi-; valere, 
 to be worth]. In chemistry, combining with 
 more than two atoms of a univalent element. 
 
 Mummification (mum-if-ik-a'-shun) [mummy, 
 from Pers., mum, wax; facere, to make]. The 
 change of a part" into a hard, dry mass; dry 
 gangrene. 
 Mumps [Du., mompen, to mumble]. An acute 
 infectious disease characterized by swelling 
 of the parotid and at times of the other salivary 
 glands. After a period 'of incubation of from 
 two 'to three weeks, the disease begins with 
 fever and pain below the ear; soon a tense, 
 painful swelling forms in the region of the 
 parotid gland, rendering mastication and 
 deglutition difficult and painful. In the course 
 of a week the swelling subsides without sup- 
 puration. The most frequent complication is 
 orchitis; in rare cases. the ovaries are affected. 
 
 Mural (mu'-ral) [murus, a wall]. Pertaining to 
 a wall, as a mural fibroid. M. Gestation, M. 
 Pregnancy, pregnancy in the uterine ex- 
 tremity of a fallopian tube. 
 
 Murat's Symptom. In tuberculosis, vibra- 
 tion of the affected part of the chest, attended 
 with a sense of discomfort while speaking. 
 
 Murexid (mu-reks'-id) [murex, the purple- 
 fish], C 8 H 8 N 6 6 + H 2 0. Ammonium purpu- 
 rate, a dichroic crystalline salt obtained from 
 guano and used as a dye. M. Test for Uric 
 Acid, cover the substance or the residue on 
 evaporation with nitric acid; evaporate to 
 dryness on a water-bath, and when cold, add 
 ammonia, when it will turn purple-red. 
 
MURIATE 
 
 627 
 
 MURMUR 
 
 Muriate {mu'-re-at) [muria, brine]. An old 
 name for a chlorid. 
 
 Muriated (mu'-re-a-ted) [muriate]. Containing 
 chlorin or a chlorid. 
 
 Muriatic (mu-re-at'-ik) [muriate]. Pertaining 
 to brine. M. Acid. See Acid, Hydrochloric. 
 
 Murmur (mer'-mer) [L.]. A blowing or 
 rasping sound heard on auscultation. See 
 also under Bruit. M., Accidental, a mur- 
 mur dependent on an accidental circum- 
 stance, as on compression of an artery 
 by the stethoscope. M., Anemic. See 
 M., Hemic. M., Aneurysmal, the mur- 
 mur or bruit heard over an aneurysm. 
 Syn., Aneurysmal bruit. M., Arterial, the 
 sound made by the arterial current. M., 
 Attrition, a pericardial murmur. M., 
 Blood-. See M., Hemic. M., Car- 
 diac, any adventitious sound heard over 
 the region of the heart. In relation to their 
 seat of generation, cardiac murmurs are 
 designated as mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and 
 pulmonary; according to the period of the 
 heart's cycle at which they occur they are 
 divided into systolic, those occurring during 
 the systole; diastolic, those occurring in 
 diastole; presystolic and prediastolic, those 
 occurring just before systole and diastole 
 respectively. M., Cardiopulmonary, one 
 produced by the impact of the heart against 
 
 the lung. M., Direct, a murmur produced 
 by obstruction to the blood-current as it is 
 passing in its normal direction. M., Duro- 
 ziez's, the double murmur sometimes heard 
 in the femoral artery in aortic regurgitation. 
 M., Dynamic, one resulting from tumultuous 
 and irregular action of the heart. M., En- 
 docardial, a murmur produced within the 
 cavities of the heart. (See Table below.) M., 
 Exocardial, a murmur connected with the 
 heart, but produced outside of its cavities. M., 
 Flint's, a murmur sometimes heard at the 
 apex of the heart in aortic regurgitation. It is 
 generally presystolic in time, and is probably 
 due to the fact that on account of the extreme 
 ventricular dilation the valves cannot be forced 
 back against the walls and produce a relative 
 narrowing of the auriculoventricular orifice. 
 M., Friction-, a sound produced by the rub- 
 bing of two inflamed serous surfaces upon each 
 other. M., Functional, a cardiac murmur 
 occurring from excited action of the heart or 
 anemic condition of the individual, without 
 any structural change in the valves or orifices. 
 M., Hemic, a sound believed to be due to 
 changes in the quality or amount of the blood 
 and not to lesions of the vessels or valves. It 
 is heard especially in anemic conditions. 
 M., Indirect, one produced by the blood 
 flowing in a direction contrary to the normal 
 
 
 Table of Endocardial Murmurs. 
 
 
 Time. 
 
 Point of Maximum 
 Intensity. 
 
 Line of Conduction. 
 
 Lesion. 
 
 Quality. 
 
 Systolic. 
 
 Center of mitral area, 
 above and to left of 
 apex. 
 
 At sixth rib opposite apex, 
 a line drawn from the 
 anterior fold of axilla 
 to lower angle of left 
 scapula. 
 
 Mitral insuffici- 
 ency or incom- 
 petence. 
 
 Variable; usually soft, blow- 
 ing; may be distinctly 
 musical . 
 
 Systolic. 
 
 Midstemum or to right 
 of it, opposite third 
 rib or second inter- 
 space. 
 
 Toward top of sternum, 
 and along aorta and its 
 large branches. 
 
 Aortic obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Usually loud and harsh. 
 Harshness is one of its 
 distinguishing character- 
 istics. 
 
 Diastolic. 
 
 Midsternum opposite 
 upper border of car- 
 tilage of third rib. 
 
 Down sternum to ensiform 
 cartilage. 
 
 Aortic insuffici- 
 ency or incom- 
 petence. 
 
 Soft, blowing, sometimes 
 rough, frequently musical. 
 It has the greatest area of 
 diffusion of all the cardiac 
 murmurs. 
 
 Presystolic. 
 
 Over mitral area around 
 the apex. 
 
 Usually not transmitted. 
 
 Mitral obstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Generally low-pitched, 
 rough, churning, grinding, 
 or blubbering. Subject to 
 great variation of pitch 
 and quality. 
 
 Systolic. 
 
 Midsternum Just above 
 the ensiform carti- 
 lage. 
 
 Toward the epigastrium. 
 
 Tricuspid insuffi- 
 ciency or in- 
 competence. 
 
 Low-pitched, superficial, 
 blowing, soft, faint. 
 
 Presystolic. 
 
 Midsternum opposite 
 the cartilage of fourth 
 rib. 
 
 Not transmitted. 
 
 Tricuspid ob- 
 struction. 
 
 Undetermined. 
 
 Systolic. 
 
 Second interspace to 
 the left of sternum 
 or at the level of third 
 rib. 
 
 Upward a short distance 
 and to left of sternum, 
 stopping abruptly. 
 
 Pulmonary ob- 
 struction. 
 
 Often harsh and audible 
 over the whole precordia; 
 may be very faint. 
 
 Diastolic. 
 
 Second left interspace. 
 
 Down left edge of sternum 
 to ensiform cartilage. 
 
 Pulmonary in- 
 sufficiency or 
 incompetence. 
 
 Soft and blowing. 
 
MURPHY'S BUTTON 
 
 628 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 current. M., Inorganic, a murmur not due 
 to valvular lesions; a hemic or a functional 
 murmur. M., Mitral, one produced at the 
 mitral orifice. M., Muscular. i. The 
 sound heard on auscultation of a contracting 
 muscle. 2. The first sound of the heart. 
 M., Musical, a cardiac murmur having a 
 musical quality. M., Organic, a murmur 
 due to structural changes in the heart. M., 
 Paradox, a systolic murmur prolonged so 
 as to appear to be followed by a diastolic 
 murmur. M., Venous, M., Whiffling, M., 
 Whistling. See Bruit de diable. 
 Murphy's Button. A mechanic device for 
 bringing together the visceral surfaces of the 
 
 A p 
 
 Murphy's Button. 
 A. Male half. B. Female half. P. Spring flange, s, s. 
 Springs projecting through opening in hollow stem. 
 Part of the cap of the male half has been cut away at 
 c to show circular spring which acts as flange. The 
 round holes in the caps are for drainage. 
 
 intestine in intestinal anastomosis. M.'s Law. 
 See under Jaundice. 
 
 Murrain {mur'-an) [Fr., from Lat. mori, to 
 die], i. Any fatal disease of cattle and sheep. 
 2. Foot-and-mouth disease. 
 
 Muscat (mus'-ke) [L.]. Plural of musca, a. fly. 
 M. hispaniolae, cantharides. M. volitan- 
 tes, floating specks in the field of vision due 
 to opacities in the media of the eye. 
 
 Muscardine imus'-kar-din) [Fr., "a peculiar 
 fungus"]. A disease of silkworms caused by 
 the fungus Botrytis bassiana. 
 
 Muscarin (mus'-kar-in), C 5 H 13 N0 2 + H 2 0. 
 A poisonous alkaloid obtained from Agaricus 
 muscarius. It causes depression of the action 
 of the heart and the respiration, increases 
 the excretions of the salivary and lacrimal 
 glands and of the intestine, and produces 
 contraction of the pupil. 
 
 Muscegenetic (mus-e-jen-ef '-ik) [musca, a fly; 
 generare, to produce]. Causing muscae voli- 
 tantes or photopsia. 
 
 Muscle (mus'-l) [musculus, a muscle]. A struc- 
 ture composed chiefly of muscular tissue and 
 having the property of contracting. Mus- 
 cles are of two kinds, the striped, or striated, 
 and the smooth, or unstriated, the first being 
 voluntary, the second involuntary, i. e., not 
 subject to the will. An alphabetic list of 
 muscles is appended. M., Antagonistic, 
 one acting in opposition to another. M., 
 Bicaudate, one that has two distinct inser- 
 tions. M., Biventer, one with two bellies. 
 M., Carpophalangeus, one extending from 
 the carpus to a phalanx. M. -casket, a 
 
 muscle -compartment. M. -column. See 
 under Muscular Tissue. M. -compartment, 
 one of the divisions of a muscle-fiber produced 
 by the extension of Krause's membrane 
 from the sarcolemma. M., Complex, M., 
 Compound, a muscle possessing more than 
 one point of origin or of insertion or of 
 both. M.s, Congenerous, those with re- 
 lated action. M., Cutaneous, i. Having 
 cutaneous origins and insertions. 2. Hav- 
 ing cutaneous insertions. M. -fiber, the ulti- 
 mate element of which muscular tissue is 
 made up. Voluntary muscles consist of 
 transversely striated fibers, involuntary mus- 
 cles of spindle-shaped fibers or cells. M.s, 
 Hypaxial, M.s, Hyposkeletal, those which 
 pass below the vertebral axis; in man 
 in front of the bodies of the vertebras. 
 M. -imbalance, lack of muscular balance, 
 as between the muscles of the eyes. M.s, 
 Internal, involuntary muscles. M., Invol- 
 untary, one not under the control of the 
 will, as the nonstriated muscles. M., Iso- 
 tonic, one that contracts on stimulation, its 
 tension remaining the same. M.s, Multi- 
 cipital, those having distinctly more than 
 one origin. M., Nonstriated, one composed 
 of spindle-shaped muscle-fibers. See Mus- 
 cular Tissue. M.s, Papillary, the muscular 
 eminences in the ventricles of the heart, 
 from which the chordae tendineae arise. M.s, 
 Pectinate, the serrated muscles. M.- 
 plasma, the fluid portion of the muscle 
 tissue. It is neutral or alkaline and spon- 
 taneously coagulable, and contains myosino- 
 gen (the coagulable substance), paramyosino- 
 gen, myoglobulin, myoalbumoses, and albu- 
 min. M., Polycipital. See M.s, Multicipi- 
 tal. M.s, Polygastric, long muscles sepa- 
 rated into parts by transverse tendinous sep- 
 tums. M.s, Postaxial, muscles on the dor- 
 sal aspect of the limbs, which lie at right 
 angles to the spine. M.s, Preaxial, muscles 
 on the ventral aspect of the limbs, which 
 lie at right angles to the spine. M.-rod, one 
 of the ultimate divisions of the dim band 
 of a muscle-compartment. M.s, Serrated, 
 broad muscles with serrate edges by means 
 of which they are inserted. M.s, Simple, 
 those having a single point of origin and 
 one of insertion. M., Skeletal, any one 
 of the muscles attached to and acting 
 on the skeleton. M., Striated, M., 
 Striped, a muscle constituted of striped 
 muscle-fibers. See Muscular Tissue. M.- 
 sugar. See Inosit. M. -tonus, the con- 
 dition of slight but continued contraction 
 in a muscle which causes the tension 
 peculiar to waking hours. M.s, Tricipital, 
 muscles having three distinct origins. M., 
 Unstriated, M., Unstriped. See M., 
 Nonstriated. M., Vestigial, one that is 
 rudimentary in man but well developed in 
 the lower animals. M., Voluntary. See 
 M., Striated. Table of Muscles (Arranged 
 Alphabetically) : Abductor hallucis, 
 origin, outer head, os calcis, plantar fascia, 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 629 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 intermuscular septum; inner head, internal 
 annular ligament and tendon of tibialis 
 posticus; insertion, inner portion of lower 
 surface of base of great toe and inner 
 side of internal sesamoid bone; innervation, in- 
 ternal plantar division of posterior tibial nerve; 
 it flexes and abducts the first phalanx 
 of the great toe. Abductor longus pollicis. 
 See Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis in this 
 table. Abductor minimi digiti manus, 
 origin, pisiform bone; insertion, first phalanx 
 of little finger; innervation, ulnar; abducts 
 little finger. Abductor minimi digiti 
 pedis, origin, outer tuberosity of the os 
 calcis and plantar fascia; insertion, first 
 phalanx of the little toe; innervation, ex- 
 ternal plantar; it abducts the little toe. 
 Abductor pollicis manus, origin, trape- 
 zium, scaphoid, annular ligament, palmar 
 fascia; insertion, first phalanx of thumb; 
 innervation, median ; it abducts and flexes 
 the first phalanx of the thumb. Abductor 
 pollicis pedis, origin, inner tuberosity of 
 os calcis; insertion, first phalanx of great 
 toe; innervation, internal plantar; abducts 
 great toe. Accelerator urinae, origin, 
 central tendon of perineum and median 
 raphe; insertion, bulb, spongy and cav- 
 ernous parts of the penis; innervation, 
 perineal; it ejects the urine. Accessorius 
 sacrolumbalis. See Musculus accessorius 
 ad sacrolumbalem in this table. Adduc- 
 tor brevis, origin, ramus of pubes; in- 
 sertion, upper part of the linea aspera of 
 femur; innervation, obturator; it adducts, 
 rotates externally, and flexes the thigh. 
 Adductor hallucis, origin, tarsal ends 
 of the three middle metatarsal bones; 
 insertion, base of the first phalanx of 
 great toe; innervation, external plantar; 
 it adducts the great toe. Adductor lon- 
 gus, origin, front of pubes; insertion, 
 middle of linea aspera of femur; inner- 
 vation, obturator; it adducts, rotates out- 
 ward, and flexes the thigh. Adductor 
 magnus, origin, rami of pubes and 1 " 
 ischium; insertion, along the linea aspera 
 of femur; innervation, obturator and great 
 sciatic; it adducts the thigh and rotates.it 
 outward. Adductor minimus, a name 
 given to the upper portion of the adductor 
 magnus. Adductor pollicis, origin, third 
 metacarpal; insertion, first phalanx of 
 thumb; innervation, ulnar; it draws the 
 thumb to median line. Adenoid, Ad- 
 enopharyngeal. See Thyroadenoideus 
 in this table. Alares, the pterygoid 
 muscles. Anconeus, origin, back of ex- 
 ternal condyle of humerus; insertion, ole- 
 cranon process and shaft of ulna; innerva- 
 tion, musculospiral ; it extends the fore- 
 arm. Arrectores pili, origin, pars papil- 
 laris of the skin; insertion, hair- follicles; in- 
 nervation, sympathetic; they elevate the hairs 
 of the skin. Arytenoepiglottideus inferior, 
 origin, arytenoid (anteriorly); insertion, epi- 
 glottis; innervation, recurrent laryngeal; it 
 
 compresses the saccule of the larynx. Ary- 
 tenoepiglottideus superior, origin, apex of 
 arytenoid cartilage; insertion, arytenoepi- 
 glottidean folds; innervation, recurrent laryn- 
 geal; it constricts the aperture of the larynx. 
 Arytenoideus, origin, posterior and outer 
 border of one arytenoid; insertion, back of 
 other arytenoid; innervation, superior and 
 recurrent laryngeal; it closes the back part 
 of the glottis. Attollens aurem, origin, 
 occipitofrontalis aponeurosis; insertion, pinna; 
 
 Muscles of the Face and Neck. 
 Frontal muscle. 2. Occipital muscle. 3, 3. Epicranial 
 aponeurosis. 4. Temporal muscle. 5. Retrahens aurem. 
 6. Orbicularis palpebrarum. 7. Levator labii superioris 
 alceque nasi. 8. Dilator naris. 9. Compressor naris. 
 9'. Pyramidalis nasi. 10. Zygomatic minor. 11. Zygo- 
 matic major. 12. Masseter. 13. Levator anguli oris. 
 14. Levator labii superioris. 15. Orbicularis oris. 16. 
 Buccinator. 16'. Depressor anguli oris. 17. Depressor 
 labii inferioris. 18. Levator labii inferioris. 19. Ster- 
 nomastoid. 20. Trapezius. 21. Digastric and stylohyoid. 
 22. Anterior belly of digastric. 23. Pulley for tendon of 
 digastric. 24, 24. Omohyoid. 25. Sternohyoid. 26. 
 Thyrohyoid. 27. Mylohyoid. 28. Splenius capitis. 29. 
 Splenius colli. 30. Levator anguli scapulas. 31. Scale- 
 nus posticus. 32. Scalenus anticus. 
 
 innervation, temporal branch of facial; 
 it elevates the pinna. Attrahens aurem, 
 origin, lateral cranial aponeurosis; insertion, 
 helix; innervation, facial; it advances the 
 pinna. Azygos uvulag, origin, posterior 
 nasal -spine of palate bone; insertion, uvula; 
 innervation, facial through sphenopalatine 
 ganglion; it raises the uvula. Bell's, the 
 short muscular ridge on the inner surface of 
 the bladder, passing forward from the ureteral 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 630 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 openings and ending in the uvula vesicae. Bi- 
 ceps, origin: i. Longhead — glenoid cavity. 2. 
 Short head — coracoid process; insertion, tu- 
 berosity of radius; innervation, musculocuta- 
 neous; it flexes and supinates the forearm. 
 Biceps femoris, origin, ischial tuberosity and 
 linea aspera; insertion, head of fibula and outer 
 tuberosity of head of fibula; innervation, great 
 sciatic and external popliteal; it flexes and ro- 
 tates the leg outward. Biceps flexor cruris, 
 the biceps femoris. Biceps flexor cubiti. 
 See Biceps in this table. Biventer cervicis, 
 origin, transverse processes, 2 to 4 upper dorsal; 
 innervation, superior curved line of occipital 
 
 4 
 
 *§5 
 
 ■ ■. 
 
 
 17 31 V *l 
 
 
 12 — V-- L 
 
 14 — V-~' - - 
 
 
 18 H 
 
 10 n 
 
 lb --; 
 
 Muscles of Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Regions. — (Holden.) 
 . Posterior belly of digastric. 2. Stylohyoid. 3. Anterior belly of 
 digastric. 4. Tendon and pulley of digastric. 5. Anterior belly 
 of right digastric. 6. Mylohyoid. 7. Hyoglossus. 8. Sternal 
 fibers of right sternomastoid. 9. Sternal fibers of left sternomas- 
 toid. 10. Sternohyoid. 11. Tendon of omohyoid. 12. Thyro- 
 hyoid. 13. Sternothyroid. 14. Inferior constrictor of pharynx. 
 15. Trachea. 16. Esophagus. 17. Rectus capitis anticus major. 
 18. Longus colli. 19. Scalenus anticus. 20, 20. Scalenus posti- 
 cus. 21, 21. Levator anguli scapula;. 22. Splenius capitis. 23, 
 23. Splenius colli. 24. Trapezius. 25. Attachment of sterno- 
 mastoid. 26. Retrahens aurem. 27. Occipital portion of occipi- 
 tofrontal. 28. Deltoid. 29. Attachment of pectorales majores 
 to sternum. 30. External intercostal. 31. Internal intercostal. 
 
 bone. It is a portion of the complexus and 
 retracts and rotates the head. Bowman's. 
 See Ciliary in this table. Brachialis an- 
 ticus, origin, the lower half of the shaft of 
 the humerus; insertion, coronoid process of 
 ulna; innervation, musculocutaneous, mus- 
 culospiral; it flexes the forearm. Brachio- 
 radialis, the supinator longus. Briicke's. 
 See Ciliary in this table. Buccinator, ori- 
 gin, alveolar process of maxillary bones and 
 pterygomaxillary ligament; insertion, orbicula- 
 ris oris; innervation, buccal branch of facial; 
 it compresses the cheeks and retracts the angle 
 
 of the mouth. Bulbocavernosus. See Accel- 
 erator urintz in this table. Casser's. 1. Lig- 
 amentous fibers attached to the malleus 
 and formerly described as the laxator tym- 
 pani minor muscle. 2. The coracobrachialis. 
 Cephalopharyngeus. See Constrictor of 
 Pharynx, Superior, in this table. Cervicalis 
 ascendens, origin, angles of five upper ribs; 
 insertion, transverse processes of fourth, fifth, 
 and sixth cervical vertebras; innervation, 
 branches of cervical; it keeps the head erect. 
 Chondrofascialis, a part of the pectoralis 
 major inserted into the fascia of the arm. 
 Ciliary, origin: 1. Longitudinal portion 
 (Briicke's muscle): junction of 
 cornea and sclera; 2. Circular por- 
 tion (Muller's muscle): the fibers 
 form a circle; insertion: 1. Outer 
 layers of choroid. 2. Ciliary pro- 
 cesses; innervation, ciliary; it is 
 the muscle of visual accommoda- 
 tion. Cleidooccipital, an anom- 
 alous muscle arising from the clavi- 
 cle externally to the sternomastoid 
 and inserted into the superior 
 curved line of the occipital bone. 
 Coccygeus, origin, ischial spine; 
 insertion, coccyx, sacrum, and sac- 
 rococcygeal ligament; innervation, 
 sacral; it supports the coccyx and 
 closes the pelvic outlet. Coiteri, the 
 corrugator supercilii. Complexus, 
 origin, transverse processes seventh 
 cervical and six upper dorsal, and 
 articular processes of third to sixth 
 cervical vertebras; insertion, occi- 
 pital bone; innervation, suboccipi- 
 tal, great occipital, and branches 
 of cervical; it retracts and rotates 
 the head. Compressor narium, 
 origin, nasal aponeurosis; insertion, 
 fellow muscle and canine fossa; 
 innervation, facial; it compresses 
 the nostril. Compressor nar- 
 ium minor, origin, alar cartilage; 
 insertion, skin at end of nose; in- 
 nervation, facial; it dilates the nos- 
 tril. Compressor sacculi laryn- 
 gis, origin, fibers of the aryteno- 
 epiglottideus; innervation, recurrent 
 laryngeal; it is the compressor of 
 the laryngeal saccule. Compres- 
 sor urethrae, origin, ramus of 
 pubes; insertion, fellow muscle; 
 innervation, perineal; it compresses the 
 membranous urethra. Compressor va- 
 ginae, the analog of the two bulbocav- 
 ernosi of the male; innervation, perineal;, 
 it compresses the vagina. Compressor 
 venae dorsalis penis, origin, fibers of 
 the ischiocavernosus; insertion, fascial sheath 
 of the penis, over the dorsal vessels; it is 
 the compressor of the dorsal vein. Constric- 
 tor of Pharynx (Inferior), origin, cricoid 
 and thyroid cartilages; insertion, pharyngeal 
 raphe; innervation, glossopharyngeal, pharyn- 
 geal plexus, and external laryngeal; it con- 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 631 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 tracts the caliber of the pharynx. Con- 
 strictor of Pharynx (Middle), origin, cornua 
 of hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament; in- 
 sertion, pharyngeal raphe; innervation, glosso- 
 pharyngeal and pharyngeal plexus; it con- 
 tracts the caliber of the pharynx. Constric- 
 tor of Pharynx (Superior), origin, internal 
 pterygoid plate, pterygomaxillary ligament, 
 jaw, and side of tongue; insertion, pharyn- 
 geal raphe; innervation, glossopharyngeal and 
 pharyngeal plexus; it contracts the caliber 
 of the pharynx. Coracobrachialis, origin, 
 coracoid process of scapula; insertion, inner 
 surface of shaft of humerus; 
 innervation, musculocutaneous; Ai 
 
 it adducts and flexes the arm. 
 Coracocervicalis, an anomal- 
 ous muscle arising from the 
 coracoid process and passing 
 upward and forward to be 
 lost in the cervical fascia. Syn., 
 Krause's -muscle. Coracohum- 
 eral. See Coracobrachialis. 
 Coracohyoid, the omohyoid 
 muscle. Coracopectoralis, the 
 pectoralis minor. Coracora- 
 dialis- i. The short head of 
 the biceps. 2. The biceps 
 muscle. Coracoulnaris, the 
 part of the biceps which has its 
 point of insertion in the fascia 
 of the forearm near the ulna. 
 Corrugator cutis ani, origin, 
 submucous tissue on interior of 
 anus; insertion, subcutaneous 
 tissue on opposite side of anus; 
 innervation, sympathetic; it 
 corrugates the skin about the 
 anus. Corrugator supercilii, 
 origin, superciliary ridge of 
 frontal bone; insertion, orbicu- 
 laris palpebrarum; innervation, 
 facial; ■ it draws the eyebrow 
 downward and inward. Cos- 
 toabdominal, the obliquus ex- 
 ternus. Costocoracoid, the 
 pectoralis minor. Costohyoi- 
 deus, the omohyoid muscle. 
 Crampton's. See Ciliary in 
 this table. Cremaster, origin, 
 upper and deep surface of mid- 
 dle of Poupart's ligament; in- 
 sertion, spine and crest of 
 pubic bone and fascia propria; 
 innervation, genital branch of 
 genitocrural; it elevates the testicle. 
 Cricoarytenoideus lateralis, origin, side 
 of cricoid cartilage; insertion, angle and 
 external surface of arytenoid; innerva- 
 tion, recurrent laryngeal; it closes the 
 glottis. Cricoarytenoideus posticus, ori- 
 gin, back of cricoid cartilage; insertion, 
 base of arytenoid cartilage; innervation, re- 
 current laryngeal; it opens the glottis. Crico- 
 thyroid, origin, cricoid cartilage; insertion, 
 thyroid cartilage (lower inner border); in- 
 nervation, superior laryngeal; it makes the 
 
 vocal bands tense. Crureus. Sec Vastus 
 internus in this table. Deltoid, origin, clav- 
 icle, acromion, and spine of scapula; in- 
 sertion, shaft of humerus; innervation, cir- 
 cumflex; it abducts the humerus. Depres- 
 sor alag nasi, origin, incisive fossa of supe- 
 rior maxillary bone; insertion, septum and 
 ala of nose; innervation, facial: buccal 
 branch; it contracts the nostril. Depressor 
 anguli oris, origin, external oblique line of 
 inferior maxillary bone; insertion, angle of 
 mouth; innervation, facial: supramaxillary 
 branch; it depresses the angle of the mouth. 
 
 The Sternomastoid Muscle. Muscles of the Suprahyoid and 
 Infrahyoid Regions. — (Holden.) 
 
 1. Anterior belly of digastric. 2. Posterior belly. 3. Tendon and pulley 
 for tendon. 4. Stylohyoid. 5. Mylohyoid. 6. Hyoglossus. 7. Ster- 
 nomastoid. 8. Anterior or sternal portion. 9. Posterior or clavicu- 
 lar portion. 10. Left sternohyoid, n. Right sternohyoid. 12, 12. 
 Omohyoid. 13, 13. Thyrohyoid. 14, 14, 14. Sternothyroid. 15. 
 Anterior portion of inferior constrictor of pharynx. 16. Occipital 
 muscle. 17, 17. Retrahens aurem. 18. Trapezius. 19. Splenius 
 capitis. 20. Splenius colli. 21. Levator anguli scapulae. 22. Sca- 
 lenus posticus. 23. Scalenus amicus. 24. Superior portion of 
 deltoid. 25. Superior portion of pectoralis major. 26. Inferior 
 and anterior portion of right platysma myoides. 27. Depressor 
 anguli oris. 28. Depressor labii' inferioris. 29. Masseter. 30. 
 Buccinator.] 
 
 Depressor epiglottidis, those fibers of the 
 thyroepiglottideus that are continued for- 
 ward to the margin of the epiglottis. De- 
 pressor labii inferioris, origin, external 
 oblique line of the inferior maxillary bone; 
 insertion, lower lip; innervation, facial: supra- 
 maxillary branch; it depresses the lip. De- 
 pressor urethrae, origin, ramus of ischium 
 near deep transversus perinei; insertion, fibers 
 of constrictor vaginae muscle. Diaphragm, 
 origin, ensiform cartilage, six or seven lower 
 ribs, ligamenta arcuata, bodies of lumbar 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 632 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 vertebras; insertion, central tendon; . inner- 
 vation, phrenic and sympathetic; function, 
 respiration. Digastric (anterior belly), ori- 
 gin, inner surface of inferior maxillary bone, 
 near symphysis; insertion, hyoid bone; in- 
 nervation, inferior dental; it elevates the hyoid 
 bone and the tongue. Digastric (posterior 
 belly), origin, digastric groove of mastoid 
 process; insertion, hyoid bone; innervation, 
 facial; it elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue. 
 Dilator naris anterioris, origin, alar car- 
 tilage; insertion, border of ala of nose; in- 
 nervation, facial: infraorbital branch; di- 
 lates the nostril. Dilator naris posterioris, 
 origin, nasal notch of superior maxillary 
 bone; insertion, skin at margin of nostril; 
 innervation, facial: infraorbital branch; di- 
 lates the nostril. Dorsal interossei (4), 
 origin, sides of metacarpal bones; inser- 
 tion, bases of corresponding phalanges; in- 
 
 and spinalis dorsi; innervation, lumbar nerves, 
 posterior division; function, extension of lum- 
 bar spines on pelvis. Eustachian, the lax- 
 atortympani. Extensor brevis digitorum 
 (pedis), origin, os calcis, externally; inser- 
 tion, first phalanx of great toe and tendons 
 of extensor longus; innervation, anterior 
 tibial; it extends the toes. Extensor brevis 
 hallucis, a name applied to that portion of 
 the extensor brevis digitorum that goes to 
 the great toe. Extensor brevis pollicis. 
 See Extensor primi internodii pollicis in this 
 table. Extensor carpi radialis brevior, ori- 
 gin, external condyloid ridge of humerus; in- 
 sertion, base of second and third metacarpal; 
 innervation, posterior interosseous; it ex- 
 tends the wrist. Extensor carpi radialis 
 longior, origin, lower one-third of external 
 condyloid ridge of humerus; insertion, base 
 of second metacarpal; innervation, musculo- 
 
 4 4 3 3 1 6 
 
 II I I 
 
 .9 8 5 S 2 12 
 
 Inferior Portion of the Abdominal Aponeurosis. — (H olden.) 
 External abdominal ring. 2. External pillar. 3, 3. Internal pillar. 4, 4, 4, 4. Gimbernat's ligament. 5, 5. 
 Its attachment. 6. Intercolumnar fibers. 7. Linea alba. 8. Symphysis pubis. 9. Spermatic cord. 10. Crural 
 arch, n, 11. Cribriform fascia. 12. Internal saphenous vein. 
 
 nervation, ulnar; abduct the fingers from 
 the median- line. Dorsal interossei (4), 
 origin, sides of metatarsal bones; insertion, 
 base of first phalanx of corresponding toe; 
 innervation, external plantar; abduct the 
 toes. Dorsiscapularis, the rhomboideus 
 major and rhomboideus minor regarded as 
 one. Elevator, the levator muscles. Erec- 
 tor clitoridis, origin, tuberosity of ischium; 
 insertion, each side of crus of clitoris; it 
 erects the clitoris. Erector penis, origin, 
 ischial tuberosity, crus penis, and pubic 
 ramus; insertion, tunica albuginea of corpus 
 cavernosum; innervation, perineal; function, 
 to maintain erection. Erector pili. See 
 Arrectores pili in this table. Erector spinae, 
 origin, iliac crest, back of sacrum, lumbar 
 and three lower dorsal spines; insertion, 
 divides into sacrolumbalis, longissimus dorsi, 
 
 spiral; it extends the wrist. Extensor carpi 
 ulnaris, origin: -first head, external condyle 
 of humerus; second head, posterior border 
 of ulna; insertion, base of fifth metacarpal; 
 innervation, posterior interosseous; it extends 
 the wrist. Extensor coccygis, origin, last 
 bone of sacrum or first of coccyx; insertion, 
 lower part of coccyx; innervation, sacral 
 branches; it extends the coccyx. Extensor 
 communis digitorum, origin, external con- 
 dyle of humerus; insertion, all of the second 
 and third phalanges; innervation, posterior 
 interosseous; it extends the fingers. Ex- 
 tensor indicis, origin, back of ulna; in- 
 sertion, second and third phalanges of in- 
 dex-finger; innervation, posterior interos- 
 seous; it extends the index-finger. Exten- 
 sor longus digitorum pedis, origin, outer 
 tuberosity of tibia and shaft of fibula; in- 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 633 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 sertion, second and third phalanges of toes; 
 innervation, anterior tibial; it extends the 
 toes. Extensor longus pollicis. See Ex- 
 tensor secundi internodii pollicis in this table. 
 Extensor minimi digiti, origin, external 
 condyle of humerus; insertion, second and 
 
 terosseous; it extends the thumb. Exten- 
 sor ossis metatarsi hallucis (anomalous), 
 origin, extensor proprius hallucis, or extensor 
 communis digitorum, or tibialis anticus; in- 
 sertion, metatarsal bone of hallux. Extensor 
 primi internodii pollicis, origin, back of 
 
 ^ 4.23 
 
 Superficial and Middle Muscular Layers of the Posterior Aspect of the Trunk. — (Holden.) 
 . Trapezius. 2. Latissimus dorsi. 3, 3. Lumbosacral aponeurosis. 4, 4. Portion of this aponeurosis to which 
 latissimus dorsi is attached. 5. Fasciculus by which latissimus dorsi is attached to crest of ilium. 6. External 
 border of latissimus dorsi. 7. Teres major. 8. Superior border of latissimus dorsi, curving around teres major, 
 g. Rhomboideus major. 10. Rhomboideus minor, n. Superior border of serratus posticus superioris. 12,12,12. 
 Fasciculi of serratus posticus inferioris. 13. Sternomastoid. 14. Splenius. 15. Levator anguli scapulae. 16. 
 Infraspinatus. 17. Teres minor. 18. Teres major. 19. Divided latissimus dorsi. 20. Fasciculus of latissimus 
 dorsi, arising from angle of scapula. 21. Inferior portion of serratus magnus. 22, 22.,, Lower portion of internal 
 oblique. 23. Posterior aponeurosis of internal oblique. 24. Gluteus maximus. 25. Divided gluteus maximus. 26. 
 Gluteus medius. 27. Pyramidalis. 28. Tendon of obturator internus and gemelli. 29. Quadratus femoris. 30. 
 Sacrolumbalis and longissimus dorsi. 31. Deltoid. 32. Triceps. 
 
 third phalanges of little finger; innervation, pos- 
 terior interosseous; it extends the little finger. 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, origin, 
 back of radius and ulna and interosseous 
 membrane; insertion, base of metacarpal of 
 thumb and fascia; innervation, posterior in- 
 
 radius; insertion, base of first phalanx of 
 thumb; innervation, posterior interosseous; 
 it extends the thumb. Extensor proprius 
 hallucis, origin, middle of fibula; insertion, 
 base of last phalanx of great toe; inner- 
 vation, anterior tibial; it extends the great 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 634 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 toe. Extensor proprius minimi digiti, 
 
 origin, lower part of ulna or posterior liga- 
 ment of wrist-joint; insertion, base of first 
 phalanx of little finger; it extends the little fin- 
 ger. Extensor secundi internodii pollicis, 
 origin, back of ulna; insertion, base of last 
 phalanx of thumb; innervation, posterior in- 
 terosseous; it extends the thumb. Extensor, 
 Ulnocarpal, the extensor carpi ulnaris. Ex- 
 trarectus. i. The pyriformis. 2. The rec- 
 tus externus muscle of the eye. Fallopian, 
 the pyramidalis. Fascialis. See Tensor vagina 
 femoris in this table. Flexor accessories digi- 
 torum (of foot) (two heads), origin, inner 
 and outer, surface of os calcis; insertion, 
 tendon of flexor longus digitorum; innerva- 
 tion, external plantar; it is the accessory 
 flexor of toes. Flexor accessorius longus 
 digitorum (of foot), origin, shaft of tibia 
 
 insertion, first phalanx of little finger; in- 
 nervation, ulnar; it flexes the little finger. 
 Flexor brevis pollicis (of Foot). See 
 Flexor brevis hallucis in this table. Flexor 
 brevis pollicis (of Hand) (two heads), origin — 
 outer: lower border of anterior annular liga- 
 ment; ridge of trapezium; inner: os magnum 
 and bases of first, second, and third meta- 
 carpal bones; insertion, base of first phalanx 
 of thumb; innervation, outer head — median: 
 palmar branch; inner head — deep ulnar; it 
 flexes the metacarpal bone of the thumb. 
 Flexor carpi radialis, origin, internal con- 
 dyle of humerus; insertion, metacarpal bone 
 of index-finger; innervation, median; it flexes 
 the wrist. Flexor carpi ulnaris (two heads), 
 origin: 1. Internal condyle. 2. Olecranon 
 and ulna; insertion, fifth metacarpal, annular 
 ligament, and pisiform bone; innervation, 
 
 Diaphragm, Inferior Aspect. — (Holden.) 
 Middle or anterior leaflet of central tendon. 2. Right leaflet. 3. Left leaflet. 4. Right crus. 5. Left crus. 6, 6. 
 Intervals for phrenic nerves. 7. Muscular fibers from which the ligamenta arcuata originate. 8, 8. Muscular fibers 
 that arise from inner surface of six lower ribs. 9. Fibers that arise from ensiform cartilage. 10. Opening for inferior 
 vena cava. 11. Opening for esophagus. 12. Aortic opening. 13, 13. Upper portion of transversalis abdominis, 
 turned upward and outward. 14, 14. Anterior leaflet of transversalis aponeurosis. 15, 15. Quadratus lumborum. 
 16, 16. Psoas magnus. 17. Third lumbar vertebra. 
 
 or fibula; insertion, tubercle of os calcis, 
 and joins tendon of long flexor; innervation, 
 external plantar; it assists in flexing the 
 toes. Flexor brevis digitorum (of foot), 
 origin, inner tuberosity of os calcis and 
 plantar fascia; insertion, second phalanges 
 of the lesser toes; innervation, internal plan- 
 tar; it flexes the lesser toes. Flexor brevis 
 hallucis, origin, under surface of cuboid, 
 plantar ligaments, and external cuneiform; 
 insertion, base of first phalanx of great toe; 
 innervation, internal plantar; it flexes and 
 slightly adducts the first phalanx of the great 
 toe. Flexor brevis minimi digiti (of Foot), 
 origin, base of fifth metatarsal; insertion, 
 base of first phalanx of little toe; innerva- 
 tion, external plantar; it flexes the little toe. 
 Flexor brevis minimi digiti (of Hand), 
 origin, unciform bone and annular ligament; 
 
 ulnar; it flexes the wrist. Flexor indicis, 
 the name given to the indicial portion of 
 the flexor profundus digitorum when it is 
 distinct. Flexor longus digitorum (of 
 foot), origin, shaft of tibia; insertion, 
 last phalanges of toes; innervation, posterior 
 tibial; it flexes the phalanges and extends 
 the ankle. Flexor longus hallucis, origin, 
 lower two-thirds of shaft of fibula; insertion, 
 last phalanx of great toe; innervation, pos- 
 terior tibial; it flexes the great toe. Flexor 
 longus pollicis, origin, shaft of radius and 
 coronoid process of ulna; insertion, last pha- 
 lanx of thumb; innervation, anterior inter- ' 
 osseous; it flexes the thumb. Flexor pro- 
 fundus digitorum, origin, shaft of ulna; 
 insertion, last phalanges by four tendons; in- 
 nervation, ulnar and anterior interosseous; it 
 flexes the phalanges. Flexor sublimis digi- 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 635 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 torum {three heads), origin: i. Inner condyle. 
 2. Coronoid process. . 3. Oblique line of 
 radius; insertion, second phalanges by four 
 tendons; innervation, median; it flexes the 
 second phalanges. Gastrocnemius {two 
 heads), origin, condyles of femur; inser- 
 tion, os calcis by tendo achillis; innervation, 
 internal popliteal; it extends the foot. Ge- 
 mellus inferior, origin, tuberosity of is- 
 chium and lesser sacrosciatic notch; insertion, 
 great trochanter; innervation, sacral; func- 
 tion, external rotator of the thigh. Gemel- 
 lus superior, origin, ischial spine and 
 lesser sacrosciatic notch; insertion, 
 great trochanter; innervation, sacral; 
 function, external rotator of the thigh. 
 Geminous, Geminus, Gemelli, Ge- 
 mini, the combined gemellus inferior 
 and gemellus superior. Genioglossus. 
 See Geniohyoglossus in this table. 
 Geniohyoglossus, origin, superior 
 genial tubercle of inferior maxillary 
 bone; insertion, hyoid and inferior sur- 
 face of tongue; innervation, hypo- 
 glossal; it retracts and protrudes the 
 tongue. Geniohyoid, origin, inferior 
 genial tubercle of inferior maxillary 
 bone; insertion, body of hyoid; in- 
 nervation, hypoglossal; it elevates 
 and advances the hyoid. Glossopal- 
 atinus, a small muscle constricting 
 the action of the fauces and compos- 
 ing the major part of the anterior 
 pillar. Gluteoperineal, an anomalous 
 branch of the superficial transverse 
 perineal muscle which originates from 
 the fascia covering the gluteus maxi- 
 mus. Gluteus maximus, origin, 
 superior curved iliac line and crest, 
 sacrum, and coccyx; insertion, fascia 
 and femur below great trochanter; 
 innervation, inferior gluteal and sacral 
 plexus; it extends, abducts, and ro- 
 tates the thigh outward. Gluteus 
 medius, origin, ilium between superior 
 and middle curved lines; insertion, 
 oblique line of great trochanter; 
 innervation, superior gluteal; it ro- 
 tates, abducts, and advances the thigh. 
 Gluteus minimus, origin, ilium be- 
 tween middle and inferior curved 
 lines; insertion, great trochanter; in- 
 nervation, superior gluteal; it rotates, 
 abducts, and draws the thigh forward. 
 Gracilis, origin, rami of pubes and 
 ischium; insertion, tibia, upper and 
 inner part; innervation, obturator; it flexes 
 and abducts the leg. Gubernaculum 
 testis. See Cremaster in this table. Guth- 
 rie's. See Compressor urethra in this table. 
 Helicis major et minor, origin, tubercle 
 on helix; insertion, rim of helix near sum- 
 mit; innervation, auriculotemporal and pos- 
 terior auricular. Hilton's. See Compressor 
 sacculi laryngis in this table. Hippicus, the 
 tibialis anticus. Horner's. See Ciliary and 
 Tensor tarsi in this table. Hyoglossus, ori- 
 
 gin, cornua of hyoid bone; insertion, side 
 of tongue; innervation, hypoglossal; it de- 
 presses the side of the tongue and retracts 
 it. Iliacus, origin, iliac fossa and crest, 
 base of sacrum; insertion, lesser trochanter, 
 upper part of shaft of femur; innervation, 
 anterior crural; it flexes and rotates the 
 thigh outward. Iliacus externus, the pyri- 
 formis. Iliocostal. See Sacrolumbalis in 
 this table. Iliolumbalis, the quadratus 
 lumborum. Iliopsoas, the iliacus and psoas 
 muscles considered as one. Infracostals 
 
 Internal Oblique and Transversalis Abdominis Muscles. 
 — (H olden.) 
 
 1, 1. Rectus abdominis. 2, 2. Internal oblique. 3, 3. An- 
 terior leaflet of aponeurosis of internal oblique. 4, 4. 
 Divided external oblique. 5, 5. Spermatic cords. 6, 6. 
 Inferior portion of aponeurosis of external oblique. 7. 
 Lower portion of left rectus abdominis; upper portion re- 
 moved. 8, 8. Muscular portion of transversalis abdominis. 
 9. Aponeurotic portion. 10. Umbilicus, n. Supraumbili- 
 cal portion of linea alba. 12. Infraumbilical portion. 13, 
 13. Serratus magnus. 14. Divided right latissimus dorsi. 
 15. Divided left latissimus dorsi. 16. Divided serratus 
 magnus. 17, 17. External intercostals. 18, 18. Femoral 
 aponeurosis. 19. Divided internal oblique. 
 
 (10), origin, inner surface of ribs; insertion, 
 inner surface of two or three ribs above; 
 innervation, intercostal; function, expiration, 
 by depressing the ribs. Infraoblique. See 
 Obliquus capitis inferior in this table. Infra- 
 spinatus, origin, infraspinous fossa; insertion, 
 great tuberosity of humerus ; innervation, su- 
 prascapular; it rotates the humerus outward. 
 Interaccessory, short lumbar muscles con- 
 necting the accessory processes of the ver- 
 tebras. Interarytenoid, origin, one aryte- 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 636 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 noid cartilage; insertion, the other arytenoid 
 cartilage; innervation, recurrent laryngeal; 
 function, approximates arytenoid cartilages. 
 Intercostals, External (n), origin, outer 
 lip of inferior costal border; insertion, su- 
 perior border of ribs above; innervation, in- 
 tercostal; they raise the ribs in inspiration. 
 
 origin, adjacent surfaces of metatarsal bones; 
 insertion, bases of first phalanges ; innervation, 
 external plantar; they abduct from the middle 
 line of the second toe. Interossei of Foot, 
 Plantar (3), origin, inner lower surface of 
 three outer metatarsal bones; insertion, bases 
 of first phalanges of three outer toes; inner- 
 
 23 it" i. 
 
 Muscles of the Anterior Aspect of the Body. — (Holden.) 
 Pectoralis major. 2. Its clavicular fasciculus. 3. Fasciculus attached to abdominal aponeurosis. 4, 4. External 
 oblique. 5, 5. Serratus magnus. 6, 6. Anterior border of latissimus dorsi. 7. Decussation of tendinous fibers 
 of pectorales majores. 8. Ensiform cartilage. 9, 9. Abdominal aponeurosis. 10, 10. Linea alba. 11. Umbili- 
 cus. 12, 12, 12. Tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis. 13, 13. External abdominal ring. 14. Pyrami- 
 dalis. 15, 15. External border of rectus abdominis. 16. Sternohyoid. 17. Omohyoid. 18. Sternomastoid. 
 19. Cervical portion of trapezius. 20. Deltoid. 21. Biceps brachialis. 22. Pectineus. 23. Sartorius. 24. 
 Rectus femoris. 25. Tensor vaginae femoris. 
 
 Intercostals, Internal (n), origin, inner lip 
 of inferior costal border; insertion, superior 
 border of rib below; innervation, intercostal; 
 they depress the ribs in expiration. Internal 
 Pleuricostals. See Intercostals, Internal, in 
 this table. Interossei of Foot, Dorsal (4), 
 
 vation, external plantar; they adduct the 
 outer three toes. Interossei of Hand, Dor- 
 sal (4), origin, five metacarpal bones; in- 
 sertion, sides of aponeurosis of extensor 
 communis and adjacent parts of first pha- 
 langes; innervation, ulnar; they abduct the 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 637 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 index, middle, and ring fin- 
 gers, and aid in flexing the 
 first phalanges and extending 
 the second and third. In- 
 terossei of Hand, Palmar 
 (3), origin, sides of meta- 
 carpal bones; insertion, apo- 
 neurosis of extensor tendons, 
 adjacent part of first pha-. 
 langes; innervation, ulnar; they 
 abduct the index, ring, and 
 little fingers, and aid in flexing 
 the first phalanges and in ex- 
 tending the second and third. 
 Interspinales, origin, upper 
 surface of spines of vertebras, 
 near tip; insertion, posterior 
 part of lower surface of spine 
 above ; innervation, internal 
 divisions of posterior branches 
 of spinal nerves; they extend 
 the vertebras next above. In- 
 tertransversales, origin, be- 
 tween transverse processes of 
 contiguous vertebras; inner- 
 vation, spinal nerves; they 
 flex the spinal column later- 
 
 18 19 dg 
 
 g-13 
 
 10 11 
 
 Muscles or Anterior Aspect of Thorax. — (Holden.) 
 Pectoralis major. 2. Its clavicular portion. 3. Its sternocostal por- 
 tion. 4. Its humeral attachment, divided and displaced upward. 5, 
 5, 5. Its fasciculi of attachment to ribs. 6. Pectoralis minor. 7. 
 Subclavius. 8. Deltoid. 9. Inferior border of pectoralis minor. 
 10. Digitations of serratus magnus. n. Corresponding digitations of 
 external oblique. 12, 12. Anterior border of latissimus dorsi. 13. Its 
 tendon of attachment to humerus. 14. Teres major. 15. Subscapu- 
 laris. 16. Long head of triceps. 17. Lower portion of deltoid. 18, 
 18. Sternomastoid. 19. Lower portion of sternohyoid. 20. Trapezius. 
 
 QUADRATUS LUMBORUM, AND TRANSVERSALIS 
 
 Muscles . — (Holden .) 
 1. Psoas parvus. 2. Its divided tendon. 3. Psoas magnus. 4. 
 Its attachment to twelfth dorsal vertebra. 5, 5, 5, 5- Its 
 attachment to bodies of first four lumbar vertebras. 6. Its 
 tendon of attachment to lesser trochanter. 7, 7. Iliac muscle. 
 8, 8. Inferior and external fibers of iliac muscle. 0, o. Rec- 
 tus femoris. 10, 10. Obturator externus. 11. Quadratus 
 lumborum. 12, 12, 12, 12. Posterior portion of quadratus 
 lumborum. 13. External portion. 14, 14. Transversalis ab- 
 dominis. 15.' Iliolumbar ligament. 16. Crura of diaphragm. 
 
 ally. Ischiocavernosus. See Erector 
 penis in this table. Jarjavay's. See 
 Depressor urethra? in this table. Kera- 
 tocricoid. See Cricothyroid in this 
 table. Keratoglossus, those fibers of 
 the hyoglossus that arise from the 
 greater cornu of the hyoid bone. La- 
 tissimus colli. See Platysma myoides 
 in this table. Latissimus dorsi, 
 origin, spines of six lower dorsal and 
 lumbar and sacral vertebras, crest of 
 ilium, and three or four lower ribs; 
 insertion, bicipital groove of humerus; 
 innervation, long subscapular; it draws 
 the arm backward and downward and 
 rotates it inward. Laxator tympani, 
 origin, spinous process of sphenoid 
 bone and eustachian tube; insertion, 
 neck of malleus ; innervation, facial; it 
 relaxes the membrana tympani. Leva- 
 tor anguli oris, origin, canine fossa 
 of superior maxillary bone; insertion, 
 angle of mouth; innervation, infra- 
 orbital branch of facial; it elevates 
 the angle of the mouth. Levator 
 anguli scapulae, origin, transverse 
 processes of four upper cervical verte- 
 bras; insertion, posterior border of 
 scapula; innervation, fifth cervical and 
 cervical plexus; it elevates the upper 
 angle of the scapula. Levator ani, 
 origin, posterior portion of body and 
 ramus of pubes, pelvic fascia, ischial 
 spine; insertion, rectum, coccyx, and 
 fibrous raphe; innervation, sacral and 
 perineal; supports the rectum and 
 vagina. Levator labii inferioris, 
 origin, incisive fossa of inferior maxil- 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 638 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 
 lary bone; insertion, skin pi lower lip; in- 
 nervation, supram axillary branch of facial; 
 it elevates the lower lip. Levator labii su- 
 perioris, origin, lower margin of orbit; in- 
 sertion, upper lip; innervation, infraorbital 
 branch of facial; it elevates the upper lip. 
 Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, origin, 
 nasal process of superior maxillary bone; 
 insertion, alar cartilage- and upper lip; in- 
 nervation, infraorbital branch of facial; it 
 elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostril. 
 Levator menti. See Levator labii inferior is 
 in this table. Levator palati, origin, petrous 
 
 hypoglossal; it elevates the middle of the 
 tongue. Lingualis superior, a band of fibers 
 extending from base to apex of the upper 
 surface of the tongue. Longer Straight, 
 the rectus capitis posticus major. Longis- 
 simus dorsi, origin, erector spinae; insertion, 
 transverse processes of lumbar and dorsal 
 vertebras and seventh to eleventh ribs; in- 
 nervation, branches of lumbar and dorsal; 
 it erects the spine and bends the trunk back- 
 ward. Longus colli : i. Superior oblique 
 portion. 2. Inferior oblique portion. 3. Ver- 
 tical portion. Origin: 1 . Transverse processes 
 
 Muscles of Anal and Perineal Region. 
 1. Bulbocavernosus muscle (accelerator urinae). 2. Its fibrous raphe. 3. Its anterior termination. 4. Ischio- 
 cavernosus (erector penis) muscle. 5. Tendon of attachment to tuber ischii. 6. Transversus perinei. 7. Exter- 
 nal sphincter ani. 8. Aponeurotic insertion into apex of coccyx. 9. Attachment to bulbocavernous raphe. 10. 
 Fibers of insertion into perineum, divided. 11. Upper layer of external sphincter. 12. Internal sphincter. 13. 
 Levator ani. 14. Obturator internus. 15. Internal border of gluteus maximus. 
 
 portion of temporal bone; insertion, soft 
 palate; innervation, sphenopalatine ganglion 
 (facial) ; it elevates the soft palate. Levator 
 palpebrse superioris, origin, lesser wing of 
 sphenoid; insertion, upper tarsal cartilage; 
 innervation, third cranial; it lifts the upper 
 lid. Levatores costarum (12), origin, 
 transverse processes of last cervical and dor- 
 sal vertebras; insertion, each to the rib be- 
 low; innervation, intercostal; they raise the 
 ribs. Lingualis, origin, under surface of 
 tongue; innervation, chorda tympani and 
 
 third to fifth cervical vertebras. 2. Bodies of 
 first to third dorsal vertebras. 3. Bodies of 
 three dorsal and two cervical vertebras. In- 
 sertion: 1. Anterior tubercle of atlas. 2. 
 Transverse processes fifth and sixth cervical 
 vertebras. 3. Bodies of second to fourth cer- 
 vical vertebras. Innervation, lower cervical. 
 It flexes the cervical vertebras. Lumbo- 
 femoralis, the psoas magnus. Lumboilia- 
 cus, the psoas parvus. Lumbricales (4) 
 (of Foot), origin, tendons of flexor longus 
 digitorum; insertion, first phalanges of the 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 639 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 lesser toes; innervation, internal and exter- 
 nal plantar; they are accessory flexors. Lum- 
 
 Superficial Muscles of Palmar Aspect of Forearm. 
 — {H olden.) 
 
 i. Lower portion of biceps. 2. Bicipital fascia. 3. Ten- 
 don of insertion into radius. 4, 4. Brachialis anticus. 
 5. Internal head of triceps. 6. Pronator radii teres. 
 7. Flexor carpi radialis. 8. Palmaris longus. 9. Its 
 termination in palmar ligament. 10. Flexor carpi 
 ulnaris. n. Its attachment to pisiform bone. 12. 
 Supinator longus. 13. Its attachment to styloid 
 process of radius. 14, 14. Extensor carpi radialis 
 longior. 15. Extensor carpi radialis brevior. 16. 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 17. Its tendon of 
 insertion into base of first metacarpal bone. 18. 
 Tendon of extensor secundi internodii pollicis. 19, 19. 
 Flexor sublimis digitorum. 20, 20. Tendons of this 
 muscle. 21,21. Their attachment to second phalanges 
 of fingers. 22, 22. Attachment of tendons of flexor 
 profundus digitorum to last phalanges of fingers. 23, 
 .23. Lumbricales. 24. Adductor pollicis. 25. Its in- 
 sertion into first phalanx of thumb. 26, 26. Flexor 
 longus pollicis. 27. Flexor brevis minimi digiti. 
 28. Abductor minimi digiti. 
 
 bricales (4) (of Hand) , origin, tendons of flex- 
 or profundus digitorum; insertion, tendons of 
 common extensor; innervation, median and 
 ulnar; they flex the first phalanges. Malaris, 
 a part of the orbicularis palpebrarum origi- 
 nating in the inner inferior margin of the 
 orbit and adjacent part of the dorsum of 
 the nose and uniting partly with the zygo- 
 matics major. Malledius, the tensor tym- 
 pani. Masseter, origin, zygomatic arch; 
 
 Biceps and Coracobrachialis. — (H olden.) 
 1. Biceps. 2. Short head. 3. Long head. 4. Ten- 
 don of insertion into radius. 5. Bicipital fascia. 
 6. Coracobrachialis. 7, 8. Laminas of tendon of 
 insertion of pect oralis major. 9. Attachment of 
 latissimus dorsi. 10. Teres major. 11. Subscapu- 
 laris. 12. Brachialis anticus. 13. Long, middle, 
 or scapular head of triceps. 14. Internal or short 
 humeral head. 15. Supinator longus. 16. Exten- 
 sor carpi radialis longior. 
 
 insertion, angle and ramus of jaw; innerva- 
 tion, inferior maxillary; it is the muscle of 
 mastication. Mastoideus anterior, Mas- 
 toideus colli, the sternomastoid. Mastoid- 
 eus lateralis, the trachelomastoid. Mid- 
 riff. See Diaphragm in this table. Miil- 
 ler's. See Ciliary in this table. Mtiller's 
 (Orbital), origin, connected with the orbital 
 periosteum; it crosses the sphenomaxillary 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 640 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 fissure; innervation, sympathetic. Miiller's 
 (Superior Palpebral), origin, connected with 
 
 21-., 
 
 Flexor Sublimis Digitorum. — (Holden.) 
 Flexor sublimis digitorum. 2. Its origin from the 
 epitrochlea. 3. Its origin from coronoid process of 
 ulna. 4, 4. Its aponeurosis of attachment to radius. 
 
 5, 5. Superficial tendons for middle and ring fingers. 
 
 6, 6. Deep tendons for little and index-fingers. 7. 
 Flexor longus pollicis. 8. Its tendon. 9, 9. Bifur- 
 cation of tendons of flexor sublimis. 10, 10. In- 
 tervals between divisions, n, 11. Tendons of flexor 
 profundus. 12. Tendon of flexor brachialis anticus. 
 13. Common tendon of origin of superficial epitroch- 
 lear muscles. 14. Tendon of biceps. 15. Supinator 
 longus. 16. Its attachment to styloid process of 
 radius. 17. Extensor carpi radialis longior. 18,18. 
 Tendon of attachment of pronator radii teres, divided. 
 19. Tendon of extensor carpi radialis. 20. Triceps. 
 21. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 22. Its attachment to 
 pisiform bone. 23. Adductor minimi digiti. 24. 
 Flexor brevis minimi digiti. 25. Adductor brevis 
 pollicis. 
 
 the levator palpebrae superioris; insertion, 
 along the upper border of the tarsus; in- 
 
 nervation, sympathetic; it assists in raising 
 the upper lid. Multifidus spinas, origin, 
 sacrum, iliac spine, articular processes of 
 lumbar and cervical vertebras, and trans- 
 verse processes of dorsal and seventh cer- 
 vical; insertion, laminas and spines from 
 last lumbar to second cervical vertebra; in- 
 nervation, posterior spinal branches; it erects 
 and rotates the spinal column. Musculus 
 
 Triceps, Posterior Aspect. — {Holden.) 
 1. Long, middle, or scapular head. 2. Its tendon of 
 origin from scapula. 3. External or long humeral 
 head. 4. Internal or short humeral head. 5. 
 Common tendon. 6. Attachment to olecranon. 7. 
 Anconeus. 8, 8. Upper portion of deltoid, posterior 
 half removed. 9. Lower portion. 10. Supraspina- 
 tus. 11. Infraspinatus. 12. Teres minor, middle 
 portion removed. 13. Insertion of teres minor 
 into _ humerus. 14. Teres major. 15. Upper ex- 
 tremity of latissimus dorsi. 16. Supinator longus. 
 17. Extensor carpi radialis longior. -18. Extensor 
 carpi ulnaris. 19. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 
 
 accessorius ad sacrolumbalem, origin, an- 
 gles of six lower ribs; insertion, angles of 
 six upper ribs; innervation, branches of dor- 
 sal; it erects the spine and bends the trunk 
 backward. Mylohyoid, origin, mylohyoid 
 ridge of inferior maxillary bone; insertion, 
 body of hyoid and raphe; innervation, in- 
 ferior dental; it elevates and advances the 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 641 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 hyoid bone. Nasalis, a. name suggested for 
 the pyramidalis nasi, a part of the levator 
 labii superioris and the outer portion of the 
 depressor alae nasi. Nasolabialis, origin. 
 
 Muscles of Dorsal Aspect of. Forearm, Superficial 
 Layer. — (Holden.) 
 
 i. Tendon of triceps. 2. Upper extremity of supinator 
 longus. 3. Extensor carpi radialis longior. 4. Its 
 attachment to second metacarpal bone. 5. Extensor 
 carpi radialis brevior. 6. Its attachment to third 
 metacarpal bone. 7. Extensor ossis metacarpi polli- 
 cis. 8, 8. Extensor primi internodii pollicis. 9, 9. 
 Extensor secundi internodii pollicis. 10, 10. Annular 
 ligament. 11. Extensor communis digitorum. 12, 
 12. Attachment of its four tendons to the second and 
 third phalanges. 13. Tendon of the extensor indicis. 
 14. Tendon of extensor minimi digiti. 15. Exten- 
 sor carpi ulnaris. 16. Its attachment to fifth meta- 
 carpal bone. 17. Anconeus. 18. Flexor carpi ul- 
 naris. 19. Posterior border of ulna. 20. Olecranon. 
 21. Internal condyle of humerus, 
 42 
 
 Muscle of Dorsal Aspect of Forearm, Deep Layer. 
 — (Holden.) 
 
 1. Tendon of triceps. 2. Internal head of triceps. 3. 
 Anconeus. 4. Humeral attachment of supinator 
 longus. 5. Humeral attachment of extensor carpi ra- 
 dialis longior. 6, 6. Tendon of insertion into second 
 metacarpal bone. 7. Upper extremity of extensor 
 carpi radialis brevior. 8, 8. Its tendon of insertion 
 into third metacarpal bone. 9. Common tendon. of 
 the superficial and deep muscles. 10. Supinator 
 brevis. n. Radial insertion of pronator radii teres. 
 12. Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 13. Extensor 
 primi internodii pollicis. 14. Extensor secundi inter- 
 nodii pollicis. 15. Extensor indicis. 16. Its ten- 
 don, uniting with corresponding tendon of common 
 extensor. 17. Tendon of extensor minimi digiti. 18. 
 Tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris. 19. Flexor carpi 
 ulnaris, displaced to show flexor profundus digitorum. 
 20. Fibrous arch extending from epitrochlea to ole- 
 cranon and forming the upper portion of the deep 
 flexor. 21. Annular ligament. 22. Dorsal interossei. 
 23. Abductor minimi digiti. 24, 24. Tendons of 
 extensor communis digitorum, 
 

 MUSCLE 
 
 642 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 nasal septum; insertion, upper lip; inner- versalis, the compressor narium. Nauticus, 
 vation, facial; it connects the upper lip the tibialis posticus. Obliquus auris, ori- 
 with the septum of the nose. Nasotrans- gin, concha of ear; insertion, fossa of an- 
 
 Muscle of Guthrie. 
 Bulbocavernosus (erector penis) muscle. 2. Muscle of 
 Guthrie (transversus perinei profundus). 3. Superfi- 
 cial transverse muscle. 4. External sphincter ani. 5. 
 Levator ani. 
 
 thelix; innervation, temporal and posterior 
 auricular. Obliquus capitis inferior, ori- 
 
 Deep Muscles of Palmar Aspect of Forearm. — 
 (Holden.) 
 
 1. Lower portion of triceps. 2, 2. Attachments of pro- 
 nator radii teres. 3- Attachment of flexor carpi 
 radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor sublimis digi- 
 torum. 3'. Tendon of biceps. 3. Tendon of bra- 
 chialis anticus. 4, 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris. 5. Su- 
 pinator longus. 6. Its distal attachment. 7. Supina- 
 tor brevis. 7'. Extensor carpi radialis longior. 8, 8. 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 9. Flexor pro- 
 fundus digitorum. 10. Its four tendons. 11. Tendon 
 for index-finger. 12, 12. Tendon for middle finger. 
 13. Tendon of flexor sublimis. 14. Tendon of flexor 
 profundus for little finger. 15, 15. Lumbricales. 16, 
 16. Attachments of abductor brevis. 17. Opponens 
 pollicis. 18. Flexor brevis pollicis. 10. Adductor 
 pollicis. 20. Flexor longus pollicis. 21. Its tendon. 
 22, 22. Attachments of flexor brevis and adductor 
 minimi digiti. 23. Opponens minimi digiti. 
 
 Muscle of Guthrie and Wilson. 
 1. Bulb of urethra. 2. Muscle of Guthrie (transversus 
 perinei profundus). 3. Muscle of Wilson. 4- Trans- 
 versus perinei superficialis. 5. External sphincter 
 ani. 6. Levator ani. 
 
 gin, spinous process of axis; insertion, trans- 
 verse process of atlas; innervation, suboc- 
 cipital and great occipital; it rotates the atlas 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 643 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 and the cranium. Obliquus capitis supe- 
 rior, origin, transverse process of atlas; in- 
 sertion, occipital bone;> innervation, suboc- 
 cipital and great occipital; it draws the head 
 backward. Obliquus externus, origin, eight 
 lower ribs; insertion, middle line, iliac cresf, 
 Poupart's ligament; innervation, intercostal, 
 iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses 
 the viscera and flexes the thorax. Obliquus 
 inferior, origin, orbital plate of superior 
 maxillary bone; insertion, sclerotic; inner- 
 vation, third cranial; it rotates the eyeball 
 upward and outward. Obliquus interims, 
 origin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, Poupart's 
 
 Gluteus Medius Muscle. — (H olden.) 
 Inner extremity of gluteus maximus. 2. Attachment 
 of gluteus maximus to linea aspera. 3, 3. Triangu- 
 lar aponeurosis formed by convergence of tendinous 
 fibers of upper half of gluteus maximus. 4. Gluteus 
 medius. 5. Its tendon of insertion into great tro- 
 chanter. 6. Upper portion of femoral aponeurosis. 
 7. Pyramidalis. 8. Obturator internus. 9. Su- 
 perior gemellus. 10. Inferior gemellus, n. Quad- 
 ratus femoris. 12. Semitendinosus. 13. Upper 
 portion of long head of biceps. 14. Adductor 
 magnus. 15. Gracilis. 16. Vastus externus. 
 
 ligament; insertion, three lower ribs, linea 
 alba, pubic crest, pectineal line; innervation, 
 intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal; it 
 compresses the viscera, flexes the thorax, and 
 assists in expiration. Obliquus superior, 
 origin, above optic foramen, through pulley; 
 insertion, sclerotic; innervation, fourth cran- 
 ial; it rotates the eyeball downward and in- 
 ward. Obturator externus, origin, obtura- 
 tor foramen and membrane; insertion, digital 
 fossa at base of great trochanter; innervation, 
 obturator; function, external rotator of the 
 thigh. Obturator internus, origin, obtura- 
 
 tor foramen and membrane; insertion, great 
 trochanter; innervation, sacral; function, ex- 
 ternal rotator of thigh. Occipitalis. See 
 Occipito frontalis in this table. Occipito- 
 frontal , origin, superior curved line of 
 occiput and angular process of frontal bone; 
 insertion, aponeurosis; innervation, posterior 
 auricular, small occipital, facial; it moves the 
 scalp. Omohyoid, origin, upper border of 
 scapula; insertion, body of hyoid bone; in. 
 nervation, descendens and communicans noni- 
 it depresses and retracts the hyoid bone. 
 
 fspr 
 
 Gluteus Maximus Muscle. — (Holden.) 
 Gluteus maximus. 2. Its inferior portion. 3. Fi- 
 bers of attachment to linea aspera. 4. Superior 
 portion. 5, 5. Tendinous fibers of insertion into 
 linea aspera. 6. Upper portion of femoral apo- 
 neurosis. 7. Duplicature of this aponeurosis at su- 
 perior level of gluteus maximus. 8, 8. Portion of 
 its superficial layer attached to tendinous bands. 
 
 9. Lower extremity of tensor vagina? femoris. 10, 
 
 10. Portion of femoral aponeurosis continuous with 
 tendinous fibers of gluteus maximus. n. Upper 
 portion of biceps femoris. 12. Upper portion of 
 semitendinosus. 13. Upper portion of semimem- 
 branosus. 14. Gracilis. 
 
 Opisthenar, the erector spinse. Opponens 
 minimi digiti, origin, unciform bone; in- 
 sertion, fifth metacarpal; innervation, ulnar; 
 it flexes the little finger. Opponens pollicis, 
 origin, trapezium, anterior annular ligament; 
 insertion, metacarpal bone of thumb; inner- 
 vation, median, palmar division: it flexes the 
 thumb. Orbicularis oris, origin, nasal sep- 
 tum and canine fossa of inferior maxilla, 
 by accessory fibers; insertion, forms lips and 
 sphincter of mouth; innervation, buccal and 
 supramaxfllary branches of facial; it closes 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 644 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 the mouth. Orbicularis palpebrarum, ori- 
 gin, mesal margin of orbit; insertion, lateral 
 margin of orbit; innervation, facial; it closes 
 the eyelids. Palatoglossus, origin, soft pal- 
 ate; insertion, side and dorsum of tongue; 
 innervation, sphenopalatine ganglion; it con- 
 stricts the fauces. Palatopharyngeus, ori- 
 gin, soft palate; insertion, thyroid cartilage 
 and pharynx; innervation, sphenopalatine 
 ganglion; it closes the posterior nares. Pal- 
 maris brevis, origin, annular ligament and 
 palmar fascia; insertion, skin of palm of 
 hand: innervation, ulnar; it corrugates the 
 skin of the palm. Palmaris interossei (3), 
 origin, palmar surfaces second, fourth, and 
 fifth metacarpal bones; insertion, bases of 
 first phalanges of corresponding fingers; in- 
 nervation, ulnar; adduct the fingers. Pal- 
 maris longus, origin, internal condyle of 
 humerus; insertion, annular ligament and 
 palmar fascia; innervation, median; it ren- 
 ders the palmar fascia tense. Palpebral, the 
 orbicularis palpebrarum. Pectineus, origin, 
 iliopectineal line and pubes; insertion, femur 
 below lesser trochanter; innervation, anterior 
 crural, obturator; it flexes and rotates the 
 
 great toe; innervation, musculocutaneous; it 
 extends and everts the foot. Peroneus ter- 
 tius, origin, lower fourth of fibula; inser- 
 tion, fifth metatarsal bone; innervation, an- 
 terior tibial; it flexes the tarsus. Plantaris, 
 origin, outer bifurcation of linea aspera and 
 posterior ligament of knee-joint; insertion, os 
 calcis by means of the tendo achillis; inner- 
 vation, internal popliteal; it extends the foot. 
 Plantaris interossei (3), -origin, shafts of 
 third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones; inser- 
 tion, bases of first phalanges of corresponding 
 toes; innervation, external plantar; adduct the 
 toes. Platysma myoides, origin, clavicle, 
 acromion, and fascia; insertion, inferior 
 maxillary bone, angle of mouth; innerva- 
 tion, facial and superficial cervical; it wrink- 
 les the skin and depresses the mouth. Pop- 
 liteus, origin, external condyle of femur; 
 insertion, shaft of tibia above oblique line; 
 innervation, internal popliteal; it flexes the 
 leg. Prodigus, the supinator longus. Pro- 
 nator quadratus, origin, lower fourth of 
 ulna; insertion, lower fourth of shaft of 
 radius; innervation, anterior interosseous; it 
 pronates the hand. Pronator radii teres, 
 
 1. Femur. 
 
 2. Ilium. 3. Pubis. 
 
 Tendon of rectus femoris 
 
 Pectineus and Adductor Longus. 
 4. Pectineus. 5. Adductor longus. 
 
 8, 8. Orifices for vessels. 
 
 -(Holden.) 
 
 6. Lower portion of adductor magnus. 7. 
 
 9. Orifices for femoral vessels. 
 
 thigh outward. Pectoralis major, origin, 
 clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages; in- 
 sertion, external bicipital ridge of humerus; 
 innervation, anterior thoracic, external and 
 internal; it draws the arm downward and 
 forward. Pectoralis minor, origin, third, 
 fourth, and fifth ribs; insertion, coracoid 
 process; innervation, anterior thoracic; it 
 depresses the point of the shoulder. Peri- 
 cardiothyroideus, a band of fibers extend- 
 ing from the isthmus of the thyroid gland 
 to the anterior surface of the fibrous layer 
 of the pericardium. Peristaphylinus exter- 
 nus, the abductor of the eustachian tube, a 
 muscle arising from the lower surface of the 
 sphenoid bone and from the membranous part 
 of the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian 
 tube; it is inserted into the hamular process 
 of the pterygoid bone. Peristaphylinus in- 
 ternus, the levator palati. Peroneus brevis, 
 origin, middle third of shaft of fibula, exter- 
 nally; insertion, base of fifth metatarsal bone; 
 innervation, musculocutaneous; it extends the 
 foot. Peroneus longus, origin, head and 
 shaft of fibula; insertion, first metatarsal of 
 
 origin, internal condyle of humerus and coro- 
 noid process of ulna; insertion, outer side 
 of shaft of radius; innervation, median; it 
 pronates the hand. Psoas magnus, origin, 
 bodies and transverse processes of last dor- 
 sal and all lumbar vertebras; insertion, lesser 
 trochanter; innervation, lumbar; it flexes and 
 rotates the thigh outward, and flexes the 
 trunk on the pelvis. Psoas parvus, origin, 
 bodies of last dorsal and first lumbar verte- 
 bras; insertion, iliopectineal eminence and 
 iliac fascia; innervation, lumbar; it flexes 
 the pelvis upon the abdomen. Pterygoid 
 (External), origin, two heads: 1, external 
 pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone; 2, great 
 wing of sphenoid bone; insertion, neck of 
 condyle of lower jaw; innervation, inferior 
 maxillary; it draws the inferior maxillary bone 
 forward. Pterygoid (Internal), origin, ptery- 
 goid fossa of sphenoid bone; insertion, inner 
 surface of angle of jaw; innervation, inferior 
 maxillary; it raises and draws the inferior 
 maxilla forward. Pterygopalatal, Pterygo- 
 palatine, the portion of the levator palati 
 passing from the hamular process of the 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 645 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 sphenoid bone to the palate bone. Pubo- 
 vesical, a bundle of muscular fibers taking 
 origin in the back of the pubes and extend- 
 ing with the anterior true ligament of the 
 bladder to lose itself in the superficial mus- 
 cular layer of the bladder. Pyloric. See 
 Sphincter pyloricus in this table. Pyramidalis, 
 origin, pubes; insertion, linea alba; innervation, 
 iliohypogastric; it renders the linea alba 
 tense. Pyramidalis nasi, origin, occipito- 
 frontalis; insertion, compressor naris; inner- 
 vation, infraorbital branch of facial; it de- 
 presses the inner angle of the eyebrow. Pyri- 
 formis, origin, front of sacrum, through great 
 sciatic foramen; insertion, great trochanter; 
 innervation, branch of sacral plexus; func- 
 tion, external rotator of thigh. Quadratus 
 femoris, origin, tuberosity of the ischium; 
 insertion, quadrate line of femur; innerva- 
 tion, fifth lumbar and first sacral; function, 
 external rotator of thigh. Quadratus lum- 
 borum, origin, crest of ilium, transverse pro- 
 cesses of lower three lumbar vertebras; in- 
 sertion, last rib, transverse processes of upper 
 three lumbar vertebras; innervation, twelfth 
 
 capitis posticus major, origin, spine of 
 axis; insertion, inferior curved line of oc- 
 cipital bone; innervation, suboccipital and 
 great occipital; it rotates the head. Rectus 
 capitis posticus minor, origin, dorsal arch 
 of atlas; insertion, below inferior curved 
 line of occipital bone; innervation, suboc- 
 cipital and great occipital; it draws the head 
 backward. Rectus externus, origin, two 
 heads, outer margin of optic foramen; in- 
 sertion, sclera; innervation, sixth cranial; it 
 rotates the .eyeball outward. Rectus fem- 
 oris, origin, anterior inferior iliac spine, brim 
 of acetabulum; insertion, proximal border of 
 patella; innervation, anterior crural; it ex- 
 tends the leg. Rectus inferior, origin, 
 lower margin . of optic foramen; insertion, 
 sclera; innervation, third cranial; it rotates 
 the eyeball downward. Rectus internus, 
 origin, inner margin of optic foramen; in- 
 sertion, sclera; innervation, third cranial; it 
 rotates the eyeball inward. Rectus supe- 
 rior, origin, upper margin of optic foramen; 
 insertion, sclera; innervation, third cranial; 
 it rotates the eyeball upward. Retrahens 
 
 Adductor Brevis and Adductor Magnus. — (Holden.) 
 i. Femur. 2. Ilium. 3. Pubis. 4. Obturator externus. 5. Upper portion of adductor magnus. 6. Upper portion 
 of adductor brevis. 7. Inferior portion of adductor brevis. 8. Middle portion of adductor magnus. 9. Inferior 
 portion. 10. Tendon of insertion into internal condyle of femur, n. Orifice for femoral vessels. 12. Orifice for 
 internal circumflex artery and veins. 
 
 thoracic and upper lumbar; it flexes the 
 thorax laterally. Quadriceps extensor fem- 
 oris, includes the rectus, vastus internus 
 and externus, and crureus muscles; their 
 common tendon surrounds the patella. Rec- 
 tus abdominis, origin, pubic crest and fib- 
 rous tissues in front of symphysis; insertion, 
 cartilages of the ribs, from the fifth to the 
 seventh; innervation, intercostal, iliohypo- 
 gastric, ilioinguinal; it compresses the vis- 
 cera and flexes the thorax. Rectus capitis 
 anticus major, origin, transverse processes 
 third to sixth cervical vertebras; insertion, 
 basilar process of occipital bone; innerva- 
 tion, first and second cervical; it flexes the 
 head and slightly rotates it. Rectus capitis 
 anticus minor, origin, transverse process 
 and lateral mass of atlas; insertion, basilar 
 process of occipital bone; innervation, first 
 cervical; it flexes the head. Rectus capitis 
 lateralis, origin, ventral cephalic surface of 
 lateral mass of atlas; insertion, jugular pro- 
 cess of occipital bone; innervation, first cer- 
 vical; it flexes the head laterally. Rectus 
 
 aurem, origin, mastoid process; insertion, 
 concha; innervation, posterior auricular; it 
 retracts the pinna. Rhomboatloideus, an 
 anomalous muscle arising from the spinous 
 processes of the lower cervical or upper dorsal 
 vertebras; it is inserted into the transverse 
 process of the atlas. Rhomboideus major, 
 origin, spines of first five thoracic vertebras; 
 insertion, root of spine of scapula; inner- 
 vation, fifth cervical; it elevates and retracts 
 the scapula. Rhomboideus minor, origin, 
 spines of seventh cervical and first dorsal 
 vertebras; insertion, root of spine of scapula; 
 innervation, fifth cervical; it retracts and ele- 
 vates the scapula. Risorius, origin, fascia 
 over masseter; insertion, angle of mouth; 
 innervation, buccal branch of facial; it draws 
 the angle laterally. Rotatores spinae, ori- 
 gin, transverse processes of from second to 
 twelfth thoracic vertebras; insertion, lamina 
 of next vertebra above; innervation, dorsal 
 branches of spinal; they rotate the spinal 
 column. Sacrolumbalis, origin, erector spi- 
 nas; insertion, angle of six lower ribs; inner- 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 646 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 vation, branches of dorsal; it erects the spine 
 and bends the trunk backward. Sacro- 
 spinalis, the erector spinse. Salpingo- 
 pharyngeus, a small muscle arising from the 
 eustachian tube and descending to blend with 
 the constrictors of the pharynx. Santonin' s. 
 i. Therisorius. 2. The involuntary muscular 
 fibers encircling the urethra beneath the con- 
 strictor urethrae. Syn., Santorini's circular 
 
 the neck laterally. Scalenus lateralis, an 
 anomalous muscle originating in the dorsal 
 tubercles of the transverse processes of the 
 fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebras, 
 and having its point of insertion with the 
 
 IP 
 
 Muscles of Anterior Aspect of Thigh. — (H olden.) 
 1. Iliacus. 2. Psoas magnus. 3. Tensor vaginse femoris. 
 4. Fibrous band by which this muscle is attached to 
 external tuberosity of tibia. 5. Sartorius. 6. Rec- 
 tus femoris. 7. Vastus externus 8. Vastus internus. 
 9. Gracilis. 10. Adductor longus. n. Pectineus. 
 
 • muscle. Sartorius, origin, anterior superior 
 spine of ilium; insertion, upper internal por- 
 tion of shaft of tibia; innervation, anterior 
 crural; it flexes the leg upon the thigh and 
 the thigh upon the pelvis; it rotates the 
 thigh outward. Scalenus anticus, origin, 
 scalene tubercle on first rib; insertion, trans- 
 verse processes third to sixth cervical ver- 
 tebras; innervation, lower cervical; it flexes 
 
 Long Head of Biceps and Semitendinosus. — (Holden.) 
 1. Long head of biceps. 2. Common tendon of long 
 head of biceps and semitendinosus. 3. Inferior ten- 
 don of biceps. 4. Semitendinosus. 5. Its tendon. 
 6, 6. Its tendinous expansions, continuous with apo- 
 neurosis of leg. 7. Semimembranosus. 8. Its infe- 
 rior tendon. 9. Gracilis. 10. Its tendon, n. Sar- 
 torius. 12. Vastus externus. 13. Femoral attach- 
 ment of gluteus maximus. 14. Insertion of gluteus 
 medius. 15. Gluteus minimus. 16. Tendon of pyri- 
 formis. 17. Obturator internus. 18. Quadratus 
 femoris. 19. Inner head of gastrocnemius. 20. 
 Outer head of gastrocnemius. 21. Plantaris. 22. 
 Popliteal aponeurosis. 
 
 scalenus medius. Scalenus medius, origin, 
 first rib; insertion, transverse processes of 
 six lower cervical vertebras; innervation, 
 lower cervical; it flexes the neck laterally. 
 Scalenus posticus, origin, second rib; in- 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 647 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 sertion, transverse processes of three lower 
 cervical vertebras; innervation, lower cer- 
 vical; it bends the neck laterally. Semi- 
 
 li 
 
 Short Head 
 
 Semimembranosus. — 
 
 Attachment to ischium of long head of biceps and semi- 
 tendinosus. 2. Semimembranosus. 3. Its superior 
 tendon. 4. Its inferior tendon. 5. Middle portion of 
 tendon. 6. Its anterior portion. 7. Its posterior por- 
 tion. 8. Section of long head of biceps. 9. Its short 
 head. 10. Its attachment to head of fibula. 11, n, 
 11. Adductor magnus. 12, 12. Orifices for passage of 
 perforating arteries and veins 13. Vastus externus. 
 14,14. Insertion of gluteus maximus. 15. Divided ex- 
 pansion of tendon of this muscle, continuous with the 
 aponeurosis of the vastus externus. 16. Attachment 
 of quadratus femoris. 17. Tendon of obturator ex- 
 ternus. 18. Attachment of gluteus medius. 19. Ob- 
 turator internus. 20. Tendon of pyramidalis. 21. 
 Gluteus minimus. 22. Divided inner head of gas- 
 trocnemius. 23. Outer head. 24. Plantaris. 25. 
 Popliteus. 26. Soleus. 27. Fibrous ring for artery, 
 vein, and nerve. 
 
 membranosus, origin, tuberosity of isch- 
 ium; insertion, inner tuberosity of tibia; in- 
 nervation, great sciatic; it flexes the leg and 
 
 rotates it inward. Semispinalis colli, ori- 
 gin, transverse processes of four upper dor- 
 sal and articular processes of four lower 
 cervical vertebras; insertion, spines of second 
 to fifth cervical vertebras; innervation, cer- 
 vical branches; it erects the spinal column. 
 Semispinalis dorsi, origin, transverse pro- 
 cesses of sixth to tenth dorsal vertebras; in- 
 
 Muscles of Inner Aspect of Thigh. — (Hotden.) 
 Illacus. 2. Psoas magnus. 3. Obturator internus. 
 4- Pyriformis. 5. Gluteus maximus. 6. Sartorius. 
 7- Gracilis. 8. Semitendinosus. 9. Semimembra- 
 nosus. 10. Tendon of sartorius. 11. Tendon of 
 gracilis. 12. Tendon of semitendinosus. 13. Its 
 expansions. 14. Tendon of semimembranosus. 15. 
 Rectus femoris. 16*. Vastus internus. 
 
 sertion, spines of last two cervical and first 
 four thoracic vertebras ; innervation, branches 
 of dorsal; it erects the spinal column. Semi- 
 tendinosus, origin, tuberosity of ischium; 
 insertion, upper and inner surface of tibia; 
 innervation, great sciatic; it flexes the leg 
 on the thigh. Serratus magnus, origin t 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 648 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 eight upper ribs; insertion, inner margin of 
 dorsal border of scapula; innervation, pos- 
 terior thoracic; it elevates the ribs in inspi- 
 
 Short Portion of Biceps and Semimembranosus. — 
 (H olden.) 
 
 i. Attachment to ischium of long portion of biceps and 
 semitendinosus. 2. Semimembranosus. 3. Its su- 
 perior tendon. 4. Its inferior tendon. 5. Middle 
 portion of this tendon. 6. Its anterior portion. 7. 
 Its posterior portion. 8. Section of long portion of 
 biceps. 9. Its short portion. 10. Its attachment to 
 the head of fibula, n, n, 11. Adductor magnus. 
 12, 12. Series of perforations for the passage of 
 arteries and veins. 13. Vastus externus. 14, 14. In- 
 sertion of gluteus maximus. 15. Section of expan- 
 sion by which the tendon of this muscle is contin- 
 uous with the aponeurosis of the vastus externus. 16. 
 Attachment of quadralus femoris. 17. Tendon of 
 obturator externus. 18. Attachment of gluteus med- 
 ius. 19. Obturator internus. 20. Tendon of pyri- 
 formis. 21. Gluteus minimus. 22. Inner head of 
 gastrocnemius. 23. Outer head. 24. Divided plan- 
 taris. 25. Popliteus. 26. Soleus. 27. Tendinous 
 ring in soleus. 
 
 ration. Serratus posticus inferior, origin, 
 spines of last two thoracic and first three 
 
 lumbar vertebras; insertion, four lower ribs; 
 innervation, tenth and eleventh intercostal; 
 it depresses the ribs in expiration. Serratus 
 posticus superior, origin, spines of seventh 
 cervical and first two thoracic vertebras; in- 
 sertion, second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs; 
 innervation, second and third intercostal; it 
 
 U 16 
 
 Muscles of the Leg, Internal Aspect. 
 Tibialis anticus. 2, 3. Its tendon. 4. Tendons of 
 extensor communis digitorum. 5. Inner head of 
 gastrocnemius. 6. Its aponeurosis of origin. 7, 7. 
 Soleus. 8. Tendo achillis. 9. Its attachment to os 
 calcis. 10. Tendon of plantaris. n. Tendon of 
 tibialis posticus. 12. Its attachment to scaphoid 
 bone. 13, 14. Tendon of flexor longus digitorum. 
 15. Tendon of flexor longus pollicis. 16, 16. Ad- 
 ductor pollicis. 17. Vastus internus. 18. Sartorius. 
 19. Its tendon. 20. Its expansion, largely removed. 
 21. Gracilis. 22. Its tendon. 23. Tendon of semi- 
 membranosus. 24. Tendon of semitendinosus. 25, 
 25. Its fibrous expansions. 26. Common tendon of 
 gracilis and semitendinosus. 
 
 raises the ribs in inspiration. Soleus, origin, 
 shaft of fibula, oblique line of tibia; inser- 
 tion, os calcis by tendo achillis; innervation, 
 internal popliteal and posterior tibial; it ex- 
 tends the foot. Sphincter ani (External), 
 origin, tip of coccyx; insertion, tendinous 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 649 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 center of perineum; innervation, perineal, 
 pudic, and fourth sacral; it closes the anus. 
 Sphincter ani ( Internal ) , a thicken- 
 ing of the circular fibers of the intestine an 
 inch above the anus; innervation, hemor- 
 rhoidal nerves; it constricts the rectum. 
 Sphincter antri pylorici, a band of circular 
 fibers distant from the pyloric orifice of the 
 stomach about 10 cm.; also called the 
 transverse band. Sphincter pupillae, invol- 
 untary fibers of the iris arranged circularly 
 around the pupil and having a width of 
 about 0.08 cm. Sphincter pyloricus, the 
 aggregation of the fibers of the circular 
 coat at the pyloric orifice of the stomach. 
 Sphincter vaginae, origin, central tendon 
 of perineum; insertion, corpora caver- 
 nosa and clitoris; the homolog of the 
 accelerator urinas in the man. Sphinc- 
 ter vesicae, the aggregation of the fibers 
 of the circular layer of the muscular coat, 
 about the neck of the bladder and the 
 beginning of the urethra. Sphincter vesicae 
 internus, origin, near the urethral orifice of 
 the bladder; innervation, vesical nerves; it 
 constricts the internal orifice of the 
 urethra. Spinalis. Same as Spin- 
 alis dorsi in this table. Spinalis 
 cervicis {normal, but inconstant), 
 origin, spines of fifth, sixth, and 
 seventh cervical and first two thor- 
 acic vertebras; insertion, spine of 
 axis, sometimes spines of third and 
 fourth cervical vertebras. Spinalis 
 colli, origin, spines of fifth and 
 sixth cervical vertebras; insertion, 
 spine of axis, or third and fourth Ig 
 cervical spines; innervation, cervi- 
 cal branches; it steadies the neck. 
 Spinalis dorsi, origin, last two 
 thoracic and first two lumbar spines; 
 insertion, remaining thoracic spines; 
 innervation, dorsal branches; it erects 
 spinal column. Splenitis accessorius. 
 Rhomboatloideus in this table. Splenitis 
 capitis, origin, lower two-thirds of liga- 
 mentum nuchae, spines of seventh cervical 
 and first two thoracic vertebras; inser- 
 tion, outer third of middle oblique line of 
 occiput and outer surface of mastoid 
 process; innervation, middle cervical, pos- 
 terior branches; it extends the head and 
 neck and rotates and flexes laterally. 
 Splenius colli, origin, spines of third to 
 sixth thoracic vertebras; insertion, dorsal 
 tubercles of transverse processes of upper 
 three or four cervical vertebras; innervation, 
 posterior divisions of lower cervical; it ex- 
 tends, flexes laterally, and rotates the neck. 
 Square. See Quadratus lumborum in this 
 table. Stapedius, origin, interior of pyra- 
 mid; insertion, neck of stapes; innervation, 
 facial; it depresses the base of the stapes. Ster- 
 nocleidomastoid. See Sternomastoid in this 
 table. Sternomastoid, origin, two heads, 
 sternum and clavicle; insertion, mastoid pro- 
 cess and outer half of superior oblique fine 
 
 of occiput; innervation, spinal accessory and 
 cervical plexus; it depresses and rotates the 
 head. Sternocostal, Sternocostalis. See 
 Triangularis sterni in this table. Sterno- 
 humeral. See Pectoralis major in this table. 
 Sternohyoid, origin, sternum and clavicle; 
 insertion, hyoid bone; innervation, descend- 
 ing and communicating branches of the hypo- 
 glossal; it depresses the hyoid bone. Ster- 
 nomastoid. See Sternomastoid in this 
 table. Sternothyroid, origin, sternum and 
 cartilage of first rib; insertion, side of thy- 
 roid cartilage; innervation, descendens and 
 communicans hypoglossi; it depresses the 
 larynx. Styloglossus, origin, styloid pro- 
 cess; insertion, side of tongue; innervation, 
 hypoglossal; it elevates and retracts the 
 tongue. Stylohyoid, origin, styloid process; 
 insertion, body of hyoid; innervation, facial; 
 it draws the hyoid upward and backward. 
 Stylopharyngeus, origin, styloid process; 
 insertion, thyroid cartilage; innervation, 
 glossopharyngeal and pharyngeal plexus; it 
 elevates the pharynx. Subancorieus, origin, 
 humerus above olecranon fossa; insertion, 
 
 Muscles of the Sole of Foot, Middle Layer. 
 Flexor accessorius. 2. Tendon of flexor longus digitorum. 3. 
 Tendon of flexor longus pollicis. 4. First lumbricalis. 5. 
 Tendon of flexor brevis digitorum. 6. Flexor brevis minimi 
 digiti. 7. Inner fasciculus of flexor brevis pollicis. 8. Outer 
 fasciculus. 9. Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone. 10. Fibrous 
 sheath of peroneus longus. n. Os calcis. 
 
 the 
 See 
 
 posterior ligament of elbow; innervation. 
 musculospiral ; function, tensor of ligament, 
 Subclavius, origin, cartilage of first rib; 
 insertion, inferior surface of clavicle; inner- 
 vation, fifth and sixth cervical; it draws the 
 clavicle downward. Subcrureus, origin, an- 
 terior distal part of femur; insertion, synovial 
 sac behind patella; innervation, anterior 
 crural; it draws up the synovial sac. Sub- 
 scapularis, origin, under surface of scapula; 
 insertion, humerus, lesser tuberosity and 
 shaft; innervation, subscapular; it is the 
 chief internal rotator of the humerus.' Supi- 
 nator longus, origin, external condyloid 
 ridge of humerus; insertion, styloid process 
 of radius; innervation, musculospiral; it 
 flexes and supinates the forearm. Supinator 
 radii brevis, origin, external condyle of 
 humerus, oblique line of ulna; insertion, 
 neck of radius and its bicipital tuberosity; 
 innervation, posterior interosseous; it supi- 
 nates the hand. Supraspinales, lie on spi- 
 nous processes in cervical region. Supraspi- 
 natus, origin, supraspinous fossa; insertion, 
 great tuberosity of humerus; innervation, 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 650 
 
 MUSCLE 
 
 suprascapular; supports the shoulder-joint 
 and raises the arm. Tailors'. See Sartorius 
 in this table. Temporal, origin, tem- 
 poral fossa and fascia; insertion, cor- 
 onoid process of mandible; innervation, in- 
 ferior maxillary; it elevates the mandible. 
 Tensor palati, origin, scaphoid fossa and, 
 
 35 10 U els 
 
 Muscles or the Leg, External Aspect. — (Holden.) 
 c. Tibialis anticus. 2, 2. Tendon of extensor proprius 
 
 pollicis. 3, 3. Extensor longus digitorum. 4. Its 
 
 tendons for four last toes. 5. Peroneus tertius. 6. 
 
 Its attachment to last two metacarpal bones. 7. 
 
 Peroneus longus. 8. Its tendon. 0. Peroneus brevis. 
 
 10. Its tendon. 11. Outer head of gastrocnemius. 
 
 12. 12. Soleus. 13. Tendo achillis. 14. Extensor 
 
 brevis digitorum. 15, 15. Abductor minimi digiti. 
 
 16. Rectus femoris. 17. Vastus externus. 18. Its 
 
 inferior fibers. 19. Tendon of biceps femoris. 20. 
 
 External lateral ligament of knee. 21. Tendon of 
 
 popliteus. 
 
 alar spine of sphenoid; insertion, soft palate; 
 winds about hamular process; innervation, 
 otic ganglion; it renders the palate tense. 
 Tensor tarsi, origin, crest of lacrimal bone; 
 insertion, tarsal cartilages; innervation, infra- 
 orbital branch of facial; it compresses the 
 puncta and lacrimal sac. Tensor tympani, 
 
 origin, temporal bone, eustachian tube and 
 canal, sphenoid bone; insertion, handle of 
 malleus; innervation, otic ganglion; it ren- 
 ders tense the membrana tympani. Tensor 
 vaginae femoris, origin, iliac crest and an- 
 terior superior spinous process; insertion, 
 fascia lata; innervation, superior gluteal; 
 function, tensor of fascia lata. Teres major, 
 origin, inferior angle of scapula; insertion, 
 internal bicipital ridge of humerus; inner- 
 vation, subscapular; it draws the arm down- 
 ward and backward. Teres minor, origin, 
 axillary border of scapula; insertion, great 
 
 Muscles of External Aspect of Leg. — (Holdett.) 
 Tibialis anticus. 2. Extensor longus digitorum. 3. 
 Tendon of extensor proprius pollicis. 4. Peroneus 
 tertius. 5. Peroneus brevis. 6. Peroneus longus. 7. 
 Soleus. 8. Outer head of gastrocnemius. 9. Head 
 of fibula. 10. Tendon of biceps femoris. 11. Semi- 
 membranosus. 12. Tendon of rectus femoris. 13. 
 Tendo achillis. 14. External malleolus. 15. Annu- 
 lar ligament. 16. Insertion of peroneus tertius. 17. 
 Insertion of peroneus brevis. 18. Extensor brevis 
 digitorum. 19. Abductor minimi digiti. 20. Patella. 
 
 tuberosity of humerus; innervation, circum- 
 flex; it rotates the humerus outward and 
 adducts it. Thenar, the abductor and flexor 
 muscles of the thumb. Thyroadenoideus, 
 a fascicle of the inferior constrictor of the 
 pharynx having its point of insertion on the 
 side of the thyroid gland. Thyropalatinus. 
 See Palatopharyngeus in this table. Thyrc- 
 arytenoideus, origin, thyroid cartilage and 
 cricothyroid membrane; insertion, arytenoid, 
 inferior and anterior surface; innervation, 
 recurrent laryngeal; it relaxes the vocal 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 651 
 
 MUSCULAR 
 
 bands. Thyroepiglottideus, origin, inner 
 surface of thyroid cartilage; insertion, epi- 
 glottis and arytenoepiglottidean fold; inner- 
 vation, recurrent laryngeal; it depresses the 
 epiglottis. Thyrohyoid, origin, side of thy- 
 roid cartilage; insertion, body and greater 
 cornu of hyoid bone; innervation, hypoglossal; 
 it elevates the larynx. Tibialis anticus, ori- 
 gin, outer tuberosity and upper part of shaft 
 •of tibia; insertion, internal cuneiform and 
 first metatarsal bone; innervation, anterior 
 tibial; it flexes the tarsus and elevates the 
 inner border of the foot. Tibialis posticus, 
 origin, shaft of fibula and tibia, interosseous 
 membrane; insertion, tuberosity of scaphoid, 
 internal cuneiform, and bases of second 
 to fourth metatarsal; innervation, posterior 
 tibial; it extends the tarsus and inverts the 
 foot. Trachelomastoid, origin, transverse 
 processes of third to sixth thoracic, and 
 articular processes of last three or four cer- 
 vical vertebras; insertion, mastoid process; 
 innervation, branches of cervical; it steadies 
 the head. Tragicus, origin, tragus; inser- 
 tion, tragus; innervation, temporal and pos- 
 terior auricular. Transversalis abdominis, 
 
 dorsal vertebras; insertion, clavicle, spine of 
 scapula, and acromion; innervation, spinal 
 accessory and cervical plexus; it draws the 
 head backward. Triangularis sterni, ori- 
 gin, ensiform cartilage, costal cartilages of 
 three or four lower true ribs, and sternum; 
 insertion, border of inner surfaces of second, 
 third, fourth, and fifth costal cartilages; 
 innervation, intercostal; function, expiration. 
 Triceps {three heads), origin, external and 
 internal near musculospiral groove, shaft of 
 humerus; middle or long, lower margin of 
 glenoid cavity; insertion, olecranon process 
 of ulna; innervation, musculospiral; it ex- 
 tends the forearm. Triceps Sural, Triceps 
 surse, the gastrocnemius and soleus con- 
 sidered as one. Triticeoglossus. See Boch- 
 dalek's Muscle. Trochlear, Trochlearis. 
 See Obliquus superior in this table. Of the 
 Ureters, Musculi ureterum, a bundle of 
 thin fibers from the urinary bladder running 
 between the openings of the ureters. Ure- 
 throbulbar, the accelerator urinse. Varolii. 
 See Stapedius in this table. Vastus exter- 
 nus, origin, anterior border of great trochan- 
 ter and linea aspera of femur; insertion, 
 
 Muscles of Anterior Aspect of Leg. — (Holden.) 
 Tendon of rectus femoris. 2. Tibia. 3. Tibialis anticus. 4. Extensor longus digitorum. 5. Extensor proprius 
 pollicis. 6. Peroneus tertius. 7. Peroneus longus. 8. Peroneus brevis. 9. Outer head of gastrocnemius. 10. 
 Inner head. 11. Extensor brevis digitorum. 12. Annular ligament. 
 
 origin, Poupart's ligament, iliac crest, six 
 lower ribs, lumbar vertebras; insertion, linea 
 alba, pubic crest, pectineal line; innervation, 
 intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal; it 
 compresses the viscera and flexes the thorax. 
 Transversalis colli, origin, transverse pro- 
 cesses of third to sixth thoracic vertebras; 
 insertion, transverse processes of five lower 
 cervical vertebras; innervation, cervical 
 branches; it keeps the neck erect. Trans- 
 versus auris, origin, convexity of concha; 
 insertion, convexity over groove of helix; 
 innervation, temporal and posterior auricular; 
 it retracts the helix. Transversus pedis, 
 origin, head of fifth metatarsal and plantar 
 ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints; in- 
 sertion, first phalanx of great toe; innerva- 
 tion, external plantar; it adducts the great 
 toe. Transversus perinei, origin, ramus of 
 ischium; insertion, central tendon; innerva- 
 tion, perineal; function, tensor of central 
 tendon. Transversus perinei, Deep. See 
 Compressor urethrce in this table. Trapezius, 
 origin, superior curved line of occipital bone, 
 spinous processes of last cervical and all the 
 
 tuberosity of tibia; innervation, anterior 
 crural; it extends the leg. Vastus internus, 
 origin, inner lip of linea aspera of femur; 
 insertion, tuberosity of tibia; innervation, 
 anterior crural; it extends the leg. Wilson's, 
 a nonconstant fasciculus of the compressor 
 urethrae which is attached to the body of 
 the pubis, near the symphysis. Zaglas' 
 Perpendicular External, the vertical fibers 
 of the tongue, which, decussating with the 
 transverse fibers and the insertions of the 
 geniohyoglossus, curve outward in each half 
 of the tongue. Zygomaticus major et 
 minor, origin, malar bone; insertion, angle 
 of mouth; innervation, infraorbital branch 
 of facial; it draws the lip upward and out- 
 ward. 
 
 Musculamin (mus-ku-la' '-min) . A nitrogen- 
 ous base from muscular tissue. 
 
 Muscular {mus' -ku-lar) [muscle]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to or affecting muscles. 2. Having well- 
 developed muscles. M. Rheumatism, rheu- 
 matism affecting the muscles. M. Sense, 
 the sense of motion, weight, and position 
 upon which the adjustment of .the body to 
 
MUSCULARIS MUCOSA 
 
 652 
 
 MUSTARD 
 
 its surroundings depends. M. Tissue, the 
 tissue of which muscles are composed; it 
 is of two principal varieties — the striped, 
 striated, or voluntary, and the unstriped, non- 
 striated, or involuntary muscular tissue. The 
 striped muscular tissue is composed of mus- 
 cle-fibers, the unstriped of elongated, spindle- 
 shaped cells. A muscle-fiber consists of sar- 
 colemma, muscle-nuclei, and muscle-sub- 
 stance. The sarcolemma is an elastic, homo- 
 geneous, connective-tissue sheath which lightly 
 invests the muscle-fiber. The nuclei are fusi- 
 form in shape, are situated immediately be- 
 neath the sarcolemma, and run parallel with 
 the axis of the fiber. The muscle-fiber itself 
 . consists of two substances — a dark, doubly 
 refracting, or anisotropic contractile sub- 
 stance, and a lighter, semifluid, isotropic 
 substance termed sarcoplasm. The contrac- 
 tile substance consists of delicate spindles, 
 the apposition of the thicker portions of 
 which produces the dark transverse disc. 
 The spindles terminate in minute beads, the 
 juxtaposition of which gives rise to the inter- 
 mediate disc or membrane of Krause. The 
 neutral sarcoplasm fills out the spaces left 
 between the spindles, and, as ordinarily the 
 tapering ends of the spindles are too delicate 
 to be seen, the space between the intermedi- 
 ate and transverse discs — the lateral disc — 
 looks homogeneous. The contractile fibrils 
 into which the contractile substance is di- 
 vided, formed by the end-to-end union of the 
 spindles, are aggregated into bundles — the 
 muscle-columns — surrounded by a layer of 
 sarcolemma. On transverse section these 
 muscle-column's give rise to the appearance 
 known as Cohnheim's fields. The muscle- 
 fibers are held together by delicate areolar 
 tissue — the endomysium. Several grouped 
 together form a primary bundle, which is sur- 
 rounded by a sheath termed the perimysium. 
 Fasciculi are aggregations of primary bun- 
 dles, and are the units of which the complete 
 muscle is composed, the latter being sur- 
 rounded by the epimysium. M.-tone. See 
 Muscle-tonus. M. Tumor. See Myoma. 
 
 Muscularis mucosae (mus-ku-la' -ris mu-ko'- 
 se). The layer of unstriped muscular tissue 
 separating the mucosa (of mucous mem- 
 branes) from the submucosa. 
 
 Musculation {mus-ku-la' -shun) [muscle]. The 
 muscular endowment of the body or a part; 
 also, the action of the muscles. 
 
 Musculature (mus 1 '-ku-la-tur) [muscle]. The 
 muscular system of the body, or a part of it. 
 
 Musculin (mus'-ku-lin) [muscle], i. Extract 
 of muscle tissue. See Organotherapy. 2. 
 See Paramyosinogen. 
 
 Musculo- (mus-ku-lo-) [muscle]. A prefix sig- 
 nifying relating to the muscles. 
 
 Musculocutaneous (mus - ku - lo-ku-ta 1 '-ne-us) 
 [musculo-; cutaneous]. Pertaining to or sup- 
 plying the muscles and skin, as the musculo- 
 cutaneous nerve of the arm or leg. 
 
 Musculodermic (mus-ku-lo-derm'-ik). See 
 Musculocutaneous. 
 
 Musculoelastic (mus-ku-lo-e-las'-tik). Mus- 
 cular and elastic; made up of muscular and 
 elastic -tissue. 
 
 Musculomembranous (mus - ku-lo-mem' -bran- 
 us) [musculo-; membranous]. Pertaining to or 
 consisting of both muscles and membrane. 
 
 Musculophrenic (mus-ku-lo -fr en' -ik) [musculo-; 
 4>pr)v, diaphragm]. Pertaining to or supplying 
 the muscles and the diaphragm, as the mus- 
 culophrenic nerve. 
 
 Musculospinal (mus-ku-lo-spi'-nal). Relating 
 to or distributed to the muscles and spine. 
 
 Musculospiral (mus-ku-lo-spi'-ral). 1. Supply- 
 ing muscles and having a spiral course. 2. 
 Pertaining to the musculospiral nerve. 
 
 Musculotegumentary (mus-ku-lo-teg-u-men' - 
 ta-re). Affecting both muscles and integu- 
 ment. 
 
 Musculotonic (mus-ku-lo-ton'-ik) [musculo-; 
 tovoc, tone]. Relating to the tone or contrac- 
 tility of a muscle. 
 
 Musculous (mus'-ku-lus). Composed of or 
 containing muscular fibers. 
 
 Mushroom. See Agaric. 
 
 Musin (mu'-sin). A proprietary cathartic said 
 to be made from tamarinds. 
 
 Musk [Skt., mushka, a testicle]. The dried 
 secretions from the preputial follicles of Mos- 
 chus moschiferus, a mammal of the order of 
 Ruminantia. Musk (moschus, U. S. P.) oc- 
 curs in grains or lumps, possessing a pecu- 
 liar, penetrating odor. Its composition is 
 complex, and among its constituents are 
 ammonia, stearin, olein, cholesterin, a vola- 
 tile oil, gelatin, albumin, and certain salts. 
 . It is stimulant and antispasmodic, and is 
 used in typhoid fever and other low fevers, in 
 adynamic pneumonia, in laryngismus stridu- 
 lus, and in hiccup. Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). 
 M., Artificial, trinitrobutyltoluene, C e H. CH 3 . 
 
 C 4 H 9 . (N0 2 ) a 
 
 Dose 
 
 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). 
 M., Vegetable, the seeds of Hibiscus 
 abelmoschus; it is stimulant, stomachic, and 
 antispasmodic. 
 
 Mussanin (mus'-an-in). An alkaloid resembling 
 saponin, from the bark of Albizzia anthelmin- 
 tica, a species of acacia. Syn., Moussenin. 
 
 (de) Mussey's Point, (de) M.'s Symptom. A 
 point intensely painful on pressure at the inter- 
 section of a line continuous with the left bor- 
 der of the sternum and of another forming a 
 prolongation of the tenth rib. It is noted in 
 diaphragmatic pleurisy. Syn., Bouton dia- 
 phragmatique . 
 
 Mussitation (mus -it-a' -shun) [mussitare, to 
 mutter]. Movement of the lips without the 
 production of articulate speech. 
 
 Must [mustum, new wine]. The juice freshly 
 expressed from grapes. 
 
 Mustard (mus' -tar d) [ME., mus tar de]. 1. A 
 plant of the genus Brassica (Sinapis), of 
 the natural order Cruciferce. 2. The seed of 
 the mustard-plant. The seeds of two species 
 are chiefly employed, those of Brassica nigra, 
 yielding black mustard, or sinapis nigra 
 (U. S. P.), and those of Brassica alba, yielding 
 white mustard, or sinapis alba (U. S. P.). 
 
MUTACISM 
 
 653 
 
 MYDATOXIN 
 
 The seeds contain a fixed oil consisting of 
 the glycerol-compounds of stearic, oleic, and 
 erucic or brassic acid, and of sinapoleic and 
 behenic acids, sinalbin (in white mustard), 
 and a volatile oil (in black mustard) . Mustard 
 is used in dyspepsia, as an emetic (dose 1-2 
 dr. — 4-8 Co), as a rubefacient and counter- 
 irritant, especially in the form of mustard- 
 plaster, and in baths. M., Flour of, black 
 and white mustard seeds mixed and pulver- 
 ized. M., Oil of, Volatile {oleum sinapis 
 volatile, U. S. P.), contains allyl isosulfocy- 
 anid, the active principle, which does not ex- 
 ist preformed in the seeds, but is produced 
 by the decomposition of potassium myro- 
 nate, or sinigrin, under the influence of a fer- 
 ment, myrosin. Dose ■§■ min. (0.008 Co). 
 M. -paper (charta sinapis, U. S. P.), is 
 used locally. M. -plaster, is made by mixing 
 mustard and flour with water. M. -poultice 
 {cataplasma sinapis, B. P.), is made by 
 mixing mustard and linseed-meal with 
 water. 
 
 Mutacism (mu' -tas-izm) [jiuxaKcap.bg, fondness 
 for the letter p.]. The too frequent use of the 
 "m" sound, and its substitution for other 
 sounds. 
 
 Mutase (mu'-taz). A food-preparation rich in 
 proteids, made from leguminous plants. It is 
 used in gastrointestinal diseases. Dose 1 
 dessertspoonful (10 Co) several times daily 
 with food. 
 
 Mute {mut) [mutus, dumb]. Dumb; unable 
 to use articulate speech. 
 
 Mutilation (mu-til-a' -shun) [mutilare, to cut]. 
 1. The act of maiming or disfiguring. 2. 
 The state thereby produced. Also, the con- 
 dition of the parts remaining after the ex- 
 cision or amputation of a member or part. 
 
 Mutism (mu'-tizm) [mute]. Dumbness. 
 
 Mutualism {mu' -tu-al-izm) [mutuus, reciproca]]. 
 The living together of two organisms of dif- 
 ferent species, for the advantage that each 
 derives from the presence of the other. Syn., 
 Symbiosis. 
 
 Myalgia (mi-aV -je-ah) [pug, muscle; dkyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the muscles; muscular rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 Myasthenia (mi-as-then-e* '-ah or mi-as-the'-ne- 
 ah) [fioc, muscle; asthenia]. Muscular debility. 
 M. gravis pseudoparaiytica, a disease char- 
 acterized by an abnormal exhaustibility of 
 the voluntary muscles, manifesting itself in 
 a rapid diminution of contractility both when 
 the muscle is innervated by the will and 
 when stimulated by the electric current. 
 
 Myasthenic (mi-as-then' f -ik) . Characterized by 
 myasthenia. 
 
 Mycelium (mi-se'-le-um) \jiukt}C, fungus; Tj^of, 
 nail; wart; excrescence]. The vegetative 
 filaments of fungi, usually forming inter- 
 woven masses. 
 
 Mycethemia (mi-se-the' -me-ah) . See Myco- 
 hemia. 
 
 Mycetism (mi'-set-izm) [puKTjC, fungus]. Mush- 
 room-poisoning. 
 
 Mycetoma (mi-sel-o'-mah). See Madura-foot. 
 
 Myco- (mi-ko-) [puKyc, fungus]. A prefix mean- 
 ing fungus or fungoid. 
 
 Myco angioneuro sis (mi-ko-an-je-o-nu-ro' -sis) 
 [piUKOC, mucus; ayytcov, vessel; neurosis]. A 
 neurosis accompanied by a hypersecretion of 
 mucus producing the affection mucous colitis. 
 
 Mycobacterium (mi-ko-bak-te' -re-um) [myco-; 
 bacterium]. A genus of bacteria of the 
 family Mycobacteriacece; the cells are com- 
 monly short, cylindric, sometimes bent and 
 irregularly swollen, clavate or cuneate; Y- 
 shaped forms may appear or longer fila- 
 ments with true branching,- or short coccoid 
 elements which may be regarded as gonidia. 
 
 Mycoderma (mi-ko-der'-mah) [myco-; deppa, 
 skin]. A genus of fungi forming mem- 
 branes upon or in fermenting liquids. M. 
 aceti, the microorganism of acetous fermen- 
 tation. 
 
 Mycohemia (mi-ko-hem'-e-ah) [myco-; alpa, 
 blood]. A condition in which fungi are 
 in the blood. 
 
 Mycology (mi-koV -o-je) [myco-; Xoyoc, science]. 
 The science of fungi. 
 
 Mycomyringitis (mi-ko-mi-rin-ji'-tis) [myco-; 
 myringitis]. Fungous inflammation of the 
 ear-drum. 
 
 Myconostoc (mi-kon-os'-tok) [myco-; nostoc]. 
 A genus of schizomycetes. 
 
 Mycophylaxin (mi-ko-fil-aks'-in). See Pro- 
 teids, Defensive. 
 
 Mycoprotein {rni-ko -pr o' -te-in) [myco-; protein, 
 from npcoxoc, first]. The albuminoid sub- 
 stance obtained from the bodies of bacteria. 
 
 Mycosis (mi-ko' -sis) [ponyc, fungus]. 1. A 
 growth of fungi within the body. 2. A dis- 
 ease caused by the presence of microorgan- 
 isms in the body. M. fungoides, an affec- 
 tion of the skin characterized by the appear- 
 ance, chiefly on the scalp, face, and chest, 
 of pinkish or reddish, nodular or flattened 
 tumors, which may go on to ulceration. 
 Itching is often present. The disease is be- 
 lieved to be microorganismal in origin. M. 
 intestinalis. Synonym of Anthrax. M. 
 mucosina, a form in which the fungus in- 
 vades the body through the intestines and 
 leads to abscesses in the lungs, brain, and 
 other organs. 
 
 Mycosozin (mi-ko-so'-zin). See Sozin. 
 
 Mycotic (mi-kot'-ik) [mycosis]. Charac- 
 terized by mycosis; due to microorgan- 
 isms. M. Endocarditis, that due to micro- 
 organismal infection. Syn., Ulcerative or 
 malignant endocarditis. 
 
 Mycteric (mik-ler'-ik) [potczrjp, the nose]. Re- 
 lating to the nasal cavities. 
 
 Mycteroxerosis (mik-ter-o-ze-ro' -sis) [puKrrjp, 
 the nose; xerosis]. Dryness of the nostrils. 
 
 Mydalein (mid-a'-le-in) [pudaXkoc, putrid]. A 
 ptomain obtained from putrefying cadaveric 
 organs. It produces salivation, dilation of 
 the pupil, elevation of temperature, peristaltic 
 action of the intestine, first a rise, then a fall, 
 of temperature, and diastolic arrest of the 
 heart. See Ptomains, Table of. 
 
 Mydatoxin (mid-at-oks'-in) [puddv, to be wet; 
 
MYDIN 
 
 654 
 
 MYELOCELE 
 
 xo^ckov, poison], C 6 H 13 N0 2 . A ptomain 
 obtained from horseflesh and human flesh. 
 It produces symptoms resembling those of 
 curara-poisoning. 
 
 Mydin {mid' -in) [fiuodv, to be wet], C 8 H n NO. 
 A nonpoisonous ptomain produced in the 
 putrefaction of human internal organs. The 
 free base is "strongly alkaline, has an ammo- 
 niacal odor, and is characterized by its strong 
 reducing properties. SeePtomains, Table of. 
 
 Mydriasis {mid-ri' -as-is) [[wopcaocc, undue 
 enlargement of the pupil of the eye]. Dila- 
 tion of the pupil of the eye. M., Alternat- 
 ing, M., Leaping, M., Springing, mydriasis 
 which by normal light and convergence- 
 reaction attacks first one eye and then the 
 other. It is due to disorder of the central 
 nervous system. M., Paralytic, that due 
 to paralysis of the oculomotor nerve. M., 
 Spasmodic, M., Spastic, that caused by 
 overaction of the sympathetic or dilator nerve 
 of the iris. M., Spinal, that produced by 
 irritation of the ciliospinal center of the 
 spinal cord. 
 
 Mydriatic {mid-re-al'-ik) [see Mydriasis], i. 
 Causing mydriasis, or dilation of the pupil. 
 2. An agent causing mydriasis, or dilation 
 of the pupil. 
 
 Mydrin (mi'-drin). A combination of the 
 hydrochlorates of ephedrin and homatropin. 
 It is used in 10% solution when evanescent 
 mydriasis is required. 
 
 Mydrol {mi'-drof). Iodomethylpyrazolin, a 
 colorless, bitter powder, soluble in water and 
 alcohol. It is used in 5 to 10 % solution as a 
 mydriatic. 
 
 Myectopy {mi-ek'-to-pe) [fJ.0f, muscle; eKroKoc, 
 displaced]. The abnormal placement of a 
 muscle. 
 
 Myel {mi' -el) [[lusloc, marrow]. The spinal cord. 
 
 Myelalgia {mi-el-al' -je-ah) [myel; dXj-oc, pain]. 
 Pain in the spinal cord. 
 
 Myelapoplexy {mi-el-ap' -o-pleks-e) [myel; 
 apoplexy]. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord. 
 
 Myelasthenia {mi-el-as-the' -ne-ah) [myel; 
 asthenia]. Spinal exhaustion. 
 
 Myelatrophy {mi-el-at' -ro-fe) [myel; atrophy]. 
 Wasting of the spinal cord. 
 
 Myelemia {mi-el-e' -me-ah) . Synonym of Myel- 
 ogenic leukemia. 
 
 Myelen {mi' -el-en). An extract of, ox-marrow. 
 
 Myelencephalon {mi-el-en-sef '-al-on) [myel; 
 encephalon]. 1. The cerebrospinal axis. 2. 
 See Metencephalon. 
 
 Myelic {mi-el'-ik) [myel]. Pertaining to the 
 spinal cord. 
 
 Myelin {mi'-el-in) [iioeXbg, marrow]. 1. The 
 white substance of Schwann — the sheath of a 
 medullated nerve. 2. A substance obtained 
 from nerve tissue. See Organotherapy. 
 
 Myelinic {mi-el-in'-ik) [myelin]. 1. Relating 
 to myelin, or to myelinic nerve-fibers. 2. 
 Medullated. M. Nerve-fibers, nerve-fibers 
 having the axis-cylinder inclosed in a sheath 
 of myelin. 
 
 Myelinization {mi-el-in-iz-a' -shun). The 
 medullation of nerve-fibers, 
 
 Myelitis (mi-el-i'-tis) [myel; cue, inflamma- 
 tion]. 1. Inflammation of the spinal cord. 
 If it affects the gray matter, it is called polio- 
 myelitis; if the white matter, leukomyelitis; 
 if it extends entirely across the cord, transverse 
 myelitis. The symptoms of myelitis vary with 
 the character and the seat of the lesion. The 
 sensory disturbances consist of hyperesthesia 
 or anesthesia, girdle-pains, and usually a 
 hyperesthetic zone at the level of the lesion. 
 The reflexes are generally lost in the begin- 
 ning, but later become exaggerated; some- 
 times they do not return. Paralysis is 
 present in the parts below the lesion; the 
 muscles are flaccid at first, later rigid. The 
 sphincters are generally paralyzed. Bed- 
 sores are common in certain forms of mye- 
 litis. 2. Inflammation of- bone-marrow; os- 
 teomyelitis. M., Acute, that due to expo- 
 sure to cold, injuries, or to acute general dis- 
 eases ; it is attended with sensory disturbances 
 and motor paralysis, complete or incomplete, 
 according to the part of the cord involved 
 and the degree of the inflammation. M., 
 Apoplectiform, that in which paralysis 
 is developed with unusual rapidity. M., 
 Ascending, a form in which the inflammation 
 travels up the cord. M., Bulbar, that affect- 
 ing the medulla and manifesting itself in dis- 
 turbances of the cardiorespiratory apparatus, 
 dysphagia, vomiting, and other symptoms. 
 M., Central, that limited chiefly to the gray 
 matter of the cord. M . , Chronic , a slowly ad- 
 vancing form, presenting generally the same 
 features as acute myelitis, but extended over a 
 longer period. M., Compression-, an in- 
 flammation of the spinal cord, secondary to 
 compressing lesions outside of the cord (caries, 
 carcinoma, exostosis of the vertebras, aneu- 
 rysm) or to tumors of the cord itself. M., 
 Cornual, inflammation affecting the anterior 
 or posterior cornua. M. , Descending, a form 
 in which the inflammation extends downward, 
 following the pyramidal tracts. M., Diffuse, 
 widely distributed inflammation of the cord in- 
 volving large areas. M., Disseminated, one 
 in which there are several foci. M. , Focal, one 
 in which a small area is affected. M., Hem- 
 orrhagic, myelitis associated with or depend- 
 ent upon hemorrhage. M., Pressure-. 
 See M., Compression-. M., Sclerotic, a 
 form characterized by overgrowth of the 
 interstitial tissue, which undergoes contrac- 
 tion, producing an increase of hardness of 
 the cord. M., Systemic, a variety in which 
 the inflammation is confined to distinct 
 systems or tracts of the cord. M., Trau- 
 matic, myelitis following direct injury. 
 
 Myelo- {mi-el-o-) [myelon]. A prefix denoting 
 reference to or connection with the spinal 
 cord or with the bone-marrow. 
 
 Myeloblasts {mi'-el-o-blasts) [myelo-; ftXaozoc, 
 a germ]. Cells from which myelocytes are 
 formed. They are free from granules, con- 
 tain no nucleoli, and the chromatin is always 
 present in regular reticular form. 
 
 Myelocele {mi' -el-o-seT) [myelo-; KOiXca, a cav- 
 
MYELOCENE 
 
 655 
 
 MYLOHYOID 
 
 
 ity]. i. The central canal of the spinaL cord. 
 
 2. [KJjXr), tumor.] Spina bifida. 
 Myelocene (mi-el'-o-sen). A preparation of 
 
 bone-marrow used as an application in psori- 
 asis, etc. 
 
 Myelocyst (mi'-el-o-sist) [myelo-; Kuozig, a cyst]. 
 A cyst springing from the medullary canal. 
 
 Myelocystic (mi-el-o-sis' -tik) [see Myelocyst]. 
 Both myeloid and cystic. 
 
 Myelocystocele (mi-el-o-sis' -to-sel) [myelo-; 
 cystocele]. A cystic tumor of the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Myelocystomeningocele (mi-el-o-sis-to-men- 
 in'-go-sel). Spina bifida in which the tumor 
 contains myelic substance, membranes, and 
 fluids. 
 
 Myelocyte (mi'-el-o-sit) [myelo-; kutoc, a cell]. 
 i. A large uninuclear leukocyte containing 
 neutrophil granules, and supposed to be 
 derived from the bone-marrow. 2. A free 
 nucleus of a central or ganglionic nerve-cell. 
 
 3. Any one of the leukocytes derived from 
 bone-marrow, as distinguished from lympho- 
 cytes found in the lymphatic glands. 
 
 Myelocythemia (mi-el-o-si-the'-me-ah) [myelo- 
 cyte; alpa, blood]. An excess of myelocytes 
 in the blood. 
 
 Myelogangliitis (mi-el-o-gan-gle-i'-tis). A very- 
 severe form of cholera believed to be due to 
 gangliitis of the solar plexus and of the hepatic 
 plexus. 
 
 Myelogenic (mi-el-o-jen'-ik) [myelo-; ytvvav, 
 to produce]. Produced in or by bone-mar- 
 row. M. Leukemia, leukemia due to disease 
 of the bone-marrow. 
 
 Myeloid (mi'-el-oid) [myelo-; ecooc, like]. 
 
 {Resembling marrow. M. Cell, a myeloplax. 
 M. Sarcoma, a form of sarcoma distin- 
 guished by the presence of multinucleated 
 cells. 
 
 Myelorymphangioma (mi-el-o-lim-fan-je-o'- 
 mah). Same as Elephantiasis. 
 
 Myeloma (mi-el-o'-mah) [myelo-; opa, tumor]. 
 1. An encephaloid tumor. 2. A giant-celled 
 sarcoma. 
 
 Myelomalacia (mi-el-o-mal-a' -she-ah) [myelo-; 
 paXaKca, softening]. A softening of the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Myelomenia (mi-el-o-me' '-ne-ah) [myelo-; pijvsc, 
 menses]. A supposed metastasis of the men- 
 strual blood to the spinal cord. 
 
 Myelomeningitis (mi-el-o-men-in-ji'-tis). In- 
 flammation of the membranes of the spinal 
 cord; spinal meningitis. 
 
 Myelomeningocele (mi - el - o-men-in' -go-seT). 
 Spina bifida. 
 
 Myelomeninx (mi-el-o-me' -ninks) [myelo-; 
 fifjviy^, membrane]. A spinal membrane. 
 
 Myelomyces (mi-el-om' -is-ez) [myelo-; puKijc, 
 fungus]. An encephaloid tumor. 
 
 Myelon (mi'-el-on) [pusXoc, marrow]. The 
 spinal cord. 
 
 Myeloneuritis (mi-el-o-nu-ri' -tis) . Multiple 
 neuritis combined with myelitis. 
 
 Myelopathy (mi-el-op 1 '-ath'-e) [myelo-; rMoc, 
 disease]. Any disease of the spinal cord. 
 
 Myelopetal (mi-el-op' -et-aV) [myelo-; peter e, 
 
 to seek]. Moving toward the myelon; said 
 of nerve-fibers. 
 
 Myeloplast (mi' -el-o-plast) [myelo-; rdaaxbc, 
 shaped]. The peculiar cells of the bone- 
 marrow resembling leukocytes. 
 
 Myeloplax (mi' ' -el-o-plaks) [myelo-; TzXaq, a 
 placque]. One of the large multinucleated 
 cells found upon the inner surface of bone, 
 and concerned in its absorption. 
 
 Myelopore (mi'-el-o-por) [myelo-; -opoc;, pore]. 
 An opening into the spinal column. 
 
 Myelorrhaphy (mi-el-or' -af-e) [myelo-; pacpr], a 
 seam]. The suturing of a severed spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Myelosclerosis (mi-el-o-skle-ro'-sis) [myelo-; 
 sclerosis]. Sclerosis of the spinal cord or of 
 the marrow of bones. 
 
 Myelosis (mi-el-o' -sis) [myelon]. The growth 
 or existence of a myeloma. 
 
 Myelospasm (mi'-el-o-spazm) [myelo-; o-aopoc, 
 spasm]. Spasm of the spinal cord. 
 
 Myelospongium (mi-el-o-spun' -je-nm) [myelo-; 
 o-byyog, sponge]. A network in the wall of 
 the neural canal of the embryo, composed 
 of processes given off by the outer extremities 
 of the spongioblasts. 
 
 Myelosyphilosis (mi-el-o-sif-il-o'-sis) [myelo-; 
 syphilis]. Syphilitic disease of the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Myelotherapy (mi-el-o-ther'-ap-e). The thera- 
 peutic use of bone-marrow extracts. 
 
 Myelotome (mi'-el-o-lom) [myelo-; xkp.vz.tv, 
 to cut]. An apparatus for making sections 
 of the spinal cord. 
 
 Myelotoxic (mi-el-o-toks'-ik) [myelo-; xozckov, 
 a poison]. Characteristic of or pertaining to 
 a substance having toxic action on the cells 
 of bone-marrow. 
 
 Myelotoxin (mi-el-o-toks'-in). A cytotoxin 
 with specific action upon bone-marrow 
 cells. 
 
 Myelyperemia (mi-el-ip-er-e' -me-ah) See Hy- 
 per my clohemia. 
 
 Myenteron (mi-en' -ter-on) [tiuc, muscle; en- 
 teron]. The muscular coat of the intestine. 
 
 Myiodeopsia, Myiodesopsia (mi-i-o-de-op'- 
 se-ah, mi-i-o-des-op' -se-ali) [fLotdidrjf, fly-like; 
 cxpcg, vision]. The subjective appearance of 
 muscae volitantes. 
 
 Myiosis (mi' -i-o-sis) [uo'ta, a fly]. The pres- 
 ence of larvas of flies or maggots in or on 
 the body, as in the nose or ear, in a wound, 
 or upon mucous membranes. 
 
 Myitis (mi-i'-tis). See Myositis. 
 
 Mylius' Modification of Pettenkofer's 
 Test for Bile-acids. Add one drop of fur- 
 furol solution and 1 Cc. of concentrated 
 sulfuric acid to each cubic centimeter of the 
 alcoholic solution of bile acids; cool, if neces- 
 sary, so that the test does not become too 
 warm. A red coloration is produced, which 
 changes to bluish-violet in the course of the 
 day. 
 
 Mylohyoid, Mylohyoidean (mi - lo - hi' - oid, 
 mi-lo-hi-oid-e'-an). Pertaining to the region 
 of the lower molar teeth and the hyoid bone. 
 
 - M. Muscle. See under Muscle, 
 
MYO- 
 
 656 
 
 MYOMETER 
 
 Myo- (mi-o-) [five, a muscle]. A prefix signify- 
 ing pertaining to muscle. 
 
 Myoblast (mi'-o-blast) [myo-; (HXaozog, germ]. 
 A cell developing into a muscle-fiber. 
 
 Myo cardiograph (mi-o-kar' ' -de-o-graf) . See Car- 
 diograph. 
 
 Myocarditis (mi-o -kar-di' -tis) [myocardium; 
 ace, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 myocardium, the muscular tissue of the 
 heart. 
 
 Myocardium {mi-o-kar' -de-um) [myo-; napd'ca, 
 heart]. The muscular tissue of the heart. 
 
 Myocele (mi'-o-sel) [myo-; k^Xtj, hernia]. 
 The protrusion of a muscle through its rup- 
 tured sheath. 
 
 Myocellulitis (mi-o-sel-u-W -tis) . Simultaneous 
 myositis and cellulitis. 
 
 Myocephalitis (mi-o-sef-al-i'-tis) [myo-; K£(f>aXrj, 
 the head; ezee, inflammation]. Inflamma- 
 tion of the muscles of the head. 
 
 Myochorditis {mi-o -kor-di' -tis) [myo-; x°P^V> 
 cord; cxtc, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the muscles of the vocal bands. 
 
 Myo chrome (mi'-o-krom) ]myo-; xptipa, color]. 
 A reddish pigment found in muscles, and 
 believed to be identical with hemoglobin. 
 
 Myochronoscope. (mi-o-kro' -no-skop) [myo-; 
 Xpovoc, time; okoksIv, to examine]. An in- 
 strument for measuring the rapidity of mus- 
 cular contraction or the propagation of a 
 nerve-stimulus through a muscle. 
 
 Myoclonus (mi-ok'-lo-nus) [myo-; kXovoc, clo- 
 nus]. Clonic spasm of a muscle or of vari- 
 ous muscles. M. multiplex. See Paramyo- 
 clonus multiplex. 
 
 Myocomma (mi-o-kom'-ah) [myo-; ubiipa, seg- 
 ment]. Any one of the transverse segments 
 into which embryonic muscle tissue is divided. 
 
 Myocyte (mi'-o-sit) [myo-; kutoc, cell]. A muscle- 
 cell. 
 
 Myodegeneration (mi-o-de-jen-er-a'-shun) . 
 
 Muscular degeneration. 
 
 Myodemia (mi-o-de' -me-ah) [myo-; drjpoc, fat]. 
 Fatty degeneration of muscle tissue. 
 
 Myodes (mi-o'-dez) [myo-; ddoc, like]. Myoid. 
 
 Myodesopsia (mi-o-dez-ops'-e-ah). See Myio- 
 deopsia. 
 
 Myodynamometer (mi-o-di-nam-om'-et-er). See 
 Dynamometer. 
 
 Myodynia (mi-o-din'-e-ah) [myo-; dduvT), pain]. 
 Pain in the muscles. 
 
 Myoedema, Myooedema (mi-o-e-de' '-mah) . * i. 
 See Myoidema. 2. Edema of the muscles. 
 
 Myoepithelial (mi-o-ep-e-the' -le-al) . 1. Relat- 
 ing to or consisting of muscle and epithelium. 
 2. Pertaining to myoepithelium. 
 
 Myoepithelium (mi-o-ep-e-the' -le-um) . Mus- 
 cle-epithelium; epithelium, the cells of which 
 possess contractile processes. 
 
 Myofibroma (mi-o- fi-bro' -mah) . A tumor con- 
 taining muscular and fibrous tissue. 
 
 Myofibrosis (mi-o- fi-bro' -sis) . An increase of 
 connective tissue between the muscle-fas- 
 ciculi and also between the individual fibrils; 
 it is most likely to occur in the ventricles of 
 the heart. 
 
 Myogen (mi'-o-jen). 1. See Myosinogen. 2. 
 
 A dietetic prepared from blood-serum of 
 cattle. 
 
 Myogenous (mi-o]' -en-us) [myo-; yivvav, to 
 produce]. Originating in muscle. ' 
 
 Myoglobulin (mi-o-glob'-u-lin) [myo-; globulin]. 
 A substance obtained from muscles, closely 
 resembling serum-globulin in its properties. 
 
 Myogram (mi'-o-gram) [myo-; ypappa, an in- 
 scription]. The tracing made by the myo- 
 
 , graph. 
 
 Myogramma (mi-o- gram' -ah). A mark or line 
 upon or in a muscle. 
 
 Myograph (mi'-o-graf) [myo-; fpafecv, to write]. 
 An instrument for recording the phases of a 
 muscular contraction. 
 
 Myographic (mi-o-graf'-ik) [see Myograph]. 
 Pertaining to a myograph. 
 
 Myography (mi-og'-ra-fe) [see Myograph]. 1. 
 A description of the muscles. 2. The em- 
 ployment of the myograph. 
 
 Myohematin (mi-o-hem' -at-in) . A red pig- 
 ment found in muscles. 
 
 Myohysterectomy (mi-o-his-ter-ek'-to-me). The 
 incomplete removal of the uterus, more or 
 less of the cervix uteri being left and the 
 operation being completed without opening 
 the vagina. 
 
 Myoid (mi'-oid) [myo-; eldoc, like]. Like a 
 muscle or muscular tissue. 
 
 Myoidema (mi-oid-e'-mah) [myo-; edema]. 
 The wheal brought out by a sharp tap on 
 a muscle in certain conditions of exhaus- 
 tion. 
 
 Myoideum (mi-oid'-e-um) [myo-; eldoc, resem- 
 blance]. Tissue resembling muscle. 
 
 Myoidism (mi'-oid-izm) [see Myoideum]. Idio- 
 muscular contraction. 
 
 Myokymia (mi-o -ki' -me-ah) [myo-; KUfxa, a 
 wave]. Persistent, widespread, muscular quiv- 
 ering without atrophy or loss of power. 
 
 Myolemma (mi-o-lem'-ah) [myo-; U/x/xa, cov- 
 ering]. The sarcolemma. 
 
 Myolin (mi'-o-lin) [lioc, muscle]. The sub- 
 
 • stance formerly supposed to form the con- 
 tents of a muscular fibril. 
 
 Myolipoma (mi-o-lip-o'-mah). A myoma con- 
 taining fatty tissue. 
 
 Myology (mi-ol'-o-je) [myo-; Xoyoc, science]. 
 The science of the nature, structure, func- 
 tions, and diseases- of muscles. 
 
 Myoma (mi-o'-mah) [myo-; oLia, tumor]. A 
 muscular tumor. If composed of nonstriped 
 muscular tissue, it 'is called liomyoma; if of 
 striped muscular tissue, rhabdomyoma. 
 
 Myomalacia (mi-o-mal-a' -she-ah) [myo-; iiaXa- 
 Kca, softening]. Softening of muscles. M. 
 cordis, softening of a portion of the heart- 
 muscle, usually resulting from thrombosis or 
 embolism. 
 
 Myomatous (mi-o'-mat-us) [myoma]. Of the 
 nature of a myoma. 
 
 Myomectomy (mi-o-mek' -to-me) [myoma; en- 
 xojiTj, excision]. Excision of a uterine or other 
 myoma. 
 
 Myometer (mi-om'-et-er) [myo-; [ikxpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring 
 muscle-contraction, 
 
MYOMETRITIS 
 
 657 
 
 MYOSITIS 
 
 Myometritis (mi-o-met-ri'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the uterine muscular tissue. 
 
 Myometrium (mi-o-me' -tre-um) [myo-; prjrpa, 
 womb]. The uterine muscular structure. 
 
 Myomohystere ctomy (mi-o-mo-his-ter-ek' '-to- 
 me) [myoma; hysterectomy]. The extirpation 
 of a myomatous uterus. 
 
 Myomotomy (mi-o-mot'-o-me). See Myomec- 
 tomy. 
 
 Myon (mi' -on) [pucov, a group of muscles]. A 
 unit of musculature; a group of muscles 
 viewed as an integer. 
 
 Myoneuralgia (mi-o-nu-ral'-je-ah). Neuralgic 
 pain in the muscles. 
 
 Myoneurasthenia (mi-o-nu-ras-the-ni'-ah). 
 Relaxation of the muscles occurring in neu- 
 rasthenia. 
 
 Myoneure (mi'-o-nilr) [myo-; veupov, nerve], 
 A motor nerve-cell supplying a muscle. 
 ! Myoneuroma (mi-o-nu-ro'-mah). Combined 
 myoma and neuroma. 
 
 Myopalmus (mi-o-pal'-mus) [myo-; naXpog, a 
 twitch]. Twitching of the muscles. 
 
 Myoparalysis (mi-o-par-aV -is-is). Paralysis of 
 a muscle or muscles. 
 
 Myopathic (mi-o-path'-ik) [myo-; nadoc, dis- 
 ease]. Depending upon or relating to dis- 
 ease of the muscles. M. Facies, a peculiar 
 form of expression seen in infantile forms of 
 myopathic muscular atrophy. It is character- 
 ized by imperfect movement of the facial 
 muscles, sinking in of the cheeks, and droop- 
 ing of the lower lip. Syn., Facies myopath- 
 ique. 
 
 Myopathy, Myopathia (mi-op' -ath-e, mi-o- 
 path'-e-ah) [myo-; nadog, suffering], i. Any 
 disease of the muscles. 2. A group of dis- 
 orders characterized by slow progressive loss 
 of power associated with atrophy or hyper- 
 trophy of the muscles, absence of fibrillar 
 contraction or quantitative electric change. 
 
 Myope (mi'-op) [see Myopia]. A person af- 
 fected with myopia. 
 
 Myopericarditis (mi-o-per-ik-ar-di'-tis) [myo-; 
 pericarditis]. A combination of pericarditis 
 with myocarditis. 
 
 Myoperitonitis (mi-o-per-it-on-i'-tis). Inflam- 
 mation of the abdominal muscles combined 
 with peritonitis. 
 
 Myophagism (mi-of'-aj-izm) [myo-; fia-reiv, to 
 eat]. The wasting away of muscular tissue 
 observed in muscular atrophy. 
 
 Myopia (mi-o'-pe-ah) [fiueev, to close; <jj([>, eye, 
 myopes having the habit of partially closing 
 
 The Formation of the Image in a Myopic Eye in 
 Front of the Retina. 
 
 the lids to avoid spheric aberration]. Near- 
 sightedness; an optic defect, usually due to 
 43 
 
 an abnormal length of the anteroposterior 
 diameter of the globe, whereby the focal 
 image is formed in front of the retina. 
 
 Myopic (mi-op'-ik) [see Myopia]. Pertaining 
 to or having the nature of myopia; near- 
 sighted. M. Crescent, a yellowish-white 
 crescentic area about the papilla, due to 
 atrophy or breaking away of the choroid 
 and exposure of the sclerotic. 
 
 Myoproteid (mi-o-pro'-te-id). A substance 
 found in muscle-plasma, differing appar- 
 ently from the recognized albumins. 
 
 Myopsychopathy, Myopsychy (mi-o-si-kop'- 
 ath-e, mi-o-si'-ke) [myo-; </>u%r], mind; nadoc, 
 disease]. Myopathies associated with feeble- 
 ness or defect of mind. 
 
 Myopsychdses (mi-o-si-ko'-sez) [myo-; fax?), 
 mind]. Myopathies and neuromuscular affec- 
 tions associated with mental disturbances. 
 
 Myorrhaphy (mi-or'-af-e) [myo-; pa<p-q, a seam]. 
 The union of the abdominal recti muscles 
 by suture when drawn apart. 
 
 Myorrhexis (mi-or-eks'-is) [myo-; py)€tc, a 
 tearing]. Laceration or rupture of a muscle. 
 
 Myosalpingitis (mi-o -sal-pin- ji'-tis). Hyper- 
 trophy of the muscular tissue of the salpinx. 
 
 Myosarcoma (mi-o-sar-ko'-mah). A sarcoma 
 containing muscular tissue. 
 
 Myosclerosis (mi-o-skle-ro'-sis). 1. A harden- 
 ing or induration of a muscle. 2. Synonym 
 of Pseudohypertrophic paralysis. 
 
 Myoseism (mi-o-se' -izm) [myo-; oecop.bg, a 
 shake]. A symptom that consists in repeated 
 stops in the course of muscular contractions 
 by which the whole movement is rendered 
 jerky. 
 
 Myoserum (mi -0 - se' - rum). Muscle-juice; 
 juice derived from meat submitted to pressure. 
 
 Myosin (mi'-o-sin) [puc, muscle]. A proteid 
 6f the globulin class, found in coagulated 
 muscle-plasma, and formed from the ante- 
 cedent globulin, myosinogen. It is also found 
 in the cornea and in some vegetables. Myosin 
 is soluble in strong saline solutions, and is 
 changed into syntonin by the action of dilute 
 hydrochloric acid and heat. 
 
 Myosinogen (mi-o-sin' -o-jen) [myosin; yevvdv, 
 to beget]. One of the proteids of muscle- 
 plasma. It is the antecedent of myosin. Its 
 coagulation after death is the cause of rigor 
 mortis. 
 
 Myosinuria (mi-o-sin-u'-re-ah). The occur- 
 rence of myosin in the urine. 
 
 Myosis (mi-o' -sis). See Miosis. 
 
 Myositis (mi - o - si' - lis) [puc, muscle; cuf, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the muscles. 
 M. fibrosa, M., Interstitial, an inflamma- 
 tion of the connective tissue of muscle. M., 
 Ischemic, myositis due to prolonged fixation 
 of forearm fractures by any form of bandag- 
 ing which intercepts circulation through the 
 muscles and nerves of the part. M. ossi- 
 ficans, a variety characterized by the forma- 
 tion of osseous deposits in the muscles. M. 
 ossificans progressiva, a process of ossifica- 
 tion attacking one muscle after another. M. 
 ossificans traumatica, the formation of a 
 
MYOSPASM 
 
 658 
 
 MYRTIFORM 
 
 mass of bone in a muscle after an injury. 
 M,, Specific, M., Syphilitic, that due to 
 syphilis. M. trichinosa, that due to the 
 presence of trichina spiralis in the muscles. 
 
 Myospasm (mi'-o-spazm) [myo-; oizaop.bg, 
 spasm]. Muscular spasm; a cramp. 
 
 Myospasmia {mi-o-spaz' -me-ah) [see Myo- 
 spasm]. Diseases in which spasmodic mus- 
 cular contraction is a dominant symptom. 
 
 Myosuria {mi-o-su' '-re-ah) . See Myosinuria. 
 
 Myosuture {mi-o-su' -tur). Suture of a muscle. 
 
 Myosynizesis {mi-o-sin-iz-e' -sis) [myo-; ouv'c£t)- 
 acg, a falling together]. The adhesion of two 
 or more muscles. 
 
 Myotactic {mi-o-tak' -tik) [myo-; tangere, to 
 touch]. Relating to the sense of touch in 
 muscles. 
 
 Myotatic {mi-o-tat'-ik) [myo-; zaocg, a stretch- 
 ing]. Produced by or depending upon pas- 
 sive tension of the muscles. M. Contrac- 
 tion, tendon-reflex. M. Irritability, an in- 
 creased irritability of muscles produced by 
 passive extension, and giving rise, when the 
 muscle is stimulated, to a myotatic contrac- 
 tion, or tendon-reflex. 
 
 Myotenotomy {mi-o-ten-ot' -o-me) [myo-; zivcov, 
 tendon; to fir), a cutting]. Surgical division of 
 muscles and tendons. 
 
 Myotic {mi-ot'-ik). See Miotic. 
 
 Myotome {mi'-o-tom) [myo-; xop.T], a cutting]. 
 i. An instrument for performing myotomy. 
 2. See Myocomma. 
 
 Myotomy {mi-ot '-o-me) [see Myotome], i. Di- 
 vision of a muscle, particularly through its 
 belly. 2. The dissection of muscles. 
 
 Myotonia, Myotonus {mi-o-to' -ne-ah, -ot'-o-nus) 
 [myo-; xbvoc, tension], i. Tonic muscular 
 spasm. 2. The stretching of a muscle. 3. 
 Muscular tone, quality, or tension. M. ac- 
 quisita, a disease, not hereditary, character- 
 ized by tonic muscular spasm. M. con- 
 genita, M. hereditaria, Thomsen's disease; 
 a hereditary disease characterized by tonic 
 spasms in the voluntarily moved muscles. 
 
 Myrcia {mur'-se-ah). A genus of aromatic 
 shrubs of the natural order Myrtacece. M. 
 acris is the source of oil of bay, oleum myrcics, 
 from which is prepared bay-rum, or spiritus 
 myrcia. Bay-rum is used as a local applica- 
 tion in headache and to impart its odor to 
 many toilet preparations. 
 
 Myricin {mir'-is-in) [jiupcKt], the tamarisk]. A 
 constituent of wax {cera flava), insoluble in 
 boiling alcohol. It consists chiefly of myricyl 
 palmitate, C 30 H 61 .C 16 H 31 O 2 , which is a com- 
 pound of palmitic acid and myricyl alcohol. 
 
 Myricyl {mir'-is-il). A univalent hydrocarbon, 
 C 30 H 6] , the radicle of myricyl alcohol. M. 
 Alcohol, C 30 H 62 O, hydrogen myricylate, is ob- 
 obtained by decomposing beeswax. 
 
 Myringa, Myrinx (mir-in'-gah, mir' -inks) [L.]. 
 The tympanic membrane. 
 
 Myringectomy {mir-in-jek'-to-me). See My- 
 ringodectomy. 
 
 Myringitis (mir-in-ji' -Us) [myringa; cxcg, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the mem- 
 brana tympani. 
 
 Myringodectomy {mir-in-go-dek' -to-me) [my- 
 ringa; iKTopiT), excision]. Excision of a part 
 or of the whole of the membrana tympani. 
 
 Myringodermatitis {mir-in-go-der-mat-i'-tis) 
 [myringa; dermatitis]. Inflammation of the 
 external layer of the drum-membrane with 
 the formation of blebs below or behind the 
 malleus. 
 
 Myringomycosis {mir-in-go-mi-ko' -sis) [my- 
 ringa; mycosis]. Disease of the drum-mem- 
 brane, due to parasitic fungi, especially As- 
 pergillus. 
 
 Myringoplasty {mir-in-go-plas' -tik) [myringo- 
 plasty]. Pertaining to myringoplasty. 
 
 Myringoplasty {mir-in* ' -go-plas-te) [myringa; 
 nXaooeiv, to shape]. A plastic operation on 
 the membrana tympani. 
 
 Myringotome {mir-in' -go-tom) [myringa; roprj, 
 a cutting]. An instrument used in incising 
 the membrana tympani. 
 
 Myringotomy {mir -in-got' -o-me) [see Myringo- 
 tome]. Incision of the tympanic membrane. 
 
 Myristic Acid {mir-is'-tik) [myristica], Q^H^- 
 2 . A monobasic acid found in Myristica 
 fragrans, in cocoanut-oil, in spermaceti, 
 etc. 
 
 Myristica {mir-is'-tik-ah). See Nutmeg. 
 
 Myristicin {mir-is'-tis-in) [myristica]. A pecu- 
 liar fatty body contained in nutmeg. 
 
 Myristicol {mir-is' -tik-oV) [myristica; oleum, 
 oil], C 10 H 16 O. An oily substance extracted 
 from oil of nutmeg. 
 
 Myrmeciasis, Myrmeciasm {mir-me-si'-as-is, 
 mir-me'-se-azm) [pbppi]$, ant]. Formication. 
 
 Myron {mi'-ron) [pupov, any sweet juice exud- 
 ing from plants]. 1. An unguent. 2. A soft 
 resin. 
 
 Myronic Acid {mi-ron'-ik). See Acid, Myronic. 
 
 Myronin {mi-ro'-nin). An ointment-base said 
 to be a mixture of soap, carnauba wax, and 
 doegling oil. 
 
 Myrosin {mi' -rosin) [myron]. An albuminous 
 ferment occurring in mustard-seed, which lib- 
 erates the oil of mustard from potassium myro- 
 nate. 
 
 Myrrh {mer) [puppa, myrrh]. A gum -resin 
 {myrrha, U. S. P.) obtained from Commiphora 
 {Balsamodendron) myrrha, a tree of the nat- 
 ural order Burseracece. Myrrh contains a 
 volatile oil, a resin {myrrhin), and a gum, 
 and is used as a stimulant tonic in dys- 
 pepsia, pulmonary affections, chlorosis, and 
 amenorrhea. It is employed as a local ap- 
 plication in various forms of stomatitis. Dose 
 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). M., Tincture of 
 {tinctura myrrhce, U. S. P.). Dose 10—30 min. 
 (0.65-2.0 Cc). Myrrh is also an ingredient 
 of mistura ferri composita, piluloe aloes et 
 myrrhce, and tinctura aloes et myrrhce. 
 
 Myrrholin {mir'-ol-in). A solution of equal 
 parts of fatty oil and myrrh used as a vehicle 
 for the administration of creasote. 
 
 Myrtaceous, Myrtal {mir-ta'-shus, mir' -tat). 
 Belonging to or characteristic of the myrtle 
 family. 
 
 Myrtiform {mir'-tif-orm) [myrtle; forma, form]. 
 Shaped like a myrtle-berry or myrtle-leaf, 
 
MYRTIFORMIS 
 
 659 
 
 MYXOSARCOMA 
 
 as the myrtijorm caruncles (carunculae myrti- 
 formes). 
 
 Myrtiformis (mir-te-form'-is). See Depressor 
 alee nasi and Compressor narium under Muscle. 
 
 Myrtle (mir'-tl) [ptuproc, the myrtle], A plant 
 of the genus Myrtus. The leaves of Myrtus 
 chekan are used in bronchitis. Dose of fluid- 
 extract 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). The leaves of 
 Myrtus communis yield myrtol, which distils 
 between 160 and 180 C. The leaves are 
 used as an antiseptic dressing for wounds. 
 Myrtol is employed an as antiseptic in bron- 
 chitis, cystitis, and pyelitis. Dose 1-2 gr. 
 (0.065-0.13 Gm.). 
 
 Myrtol (mir'-tol). See Myrtle. 
 
 Myrtus (mir'-tus). See Myrtle. 
 
 Mysophobia (mi-so-fo' -be-ah) [p.oaoc, filth; 
 4>6ftoc, dread]. An abnormal dread of con- 
 tact or of dirt. 
 
 Mytacism {mit' -as-izm) . See Mutacism. 
 
 Mytilotoxicon (mit-il-o-toks' -ik-on) [see Mytilo- 
 toxiri]. A general name for the active agent 
 in mussel-poisoning. 
 
 Mytilotoxin {mit-il-o-toks' -in) [pujxcXoc, mussel; 
 tosckov, sl poison], C 6 H 15 N0 2 . A poisonous 
 ptomain found in poisonous mussel; it is 
 similar in action to curara. See Ptomains, 
 Table of. 
 
 Mytilotoxism (mit-il-o-toks' -izm). Mussel- 
 poisoning. 
 
 Myxasthenia (miks-as-the' '-ne-ah) [ptu$a, mucus; 
 asthenia]. Overdryness of the mucosa or 
 impairment of the power to secrete mucus. 
 
 Myxedema (miks - e - de' -mah) \jxuqa, mucus; 
 edema]. A disorder of nutrition in which the 
 subcutaneous tissue, especially of the face 
 and hands, becomes infiltrated with a mucin- 
 like substance, giving rise to a pale, edematous 
 swelling, which does not pit on pressure. 
 It is associated with dulness of the intellect, 
 slow monotonous speech, muscular weakness, 
 tremors, and absence of sweating. It is 
 thought to be due to atrophy or degeneration 
 of the thyroid gland, a view that gains strength 
 from the facts that a similar condition to that 
 of myxedema is produced in animals by the 
 removal of the thyroid gland (cachexia 
 strumipriva), and that the administration 
 of thyroid gland in myxedema produces a 
 marked amelioration of symptoms. In indi- 
 viduals in whom the thyroid gland is con- 
 genially diseased or absent a state resembling 
 myxedema is likely to develop; this is known 
 as cretinism. 
 
 Myxedematous (miks-e-dem'-at-us) {myxedema]. 
 Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature 
 of myxedema. 
 
 Myxo- (miks-o-) [p.u$a, mucus]. A prefix mean- 
 ing relating to mucus or mucoid. 
 
 Myxochondrofibrosarcoma (miks-o-kon-dro- 
 fi-bro-sar-ko'-mah). A myxochondroma con- 
 taining fibrous and sarcomatous elements. 
 
 Myxochondroma (miks - o - kon - dro' - mah) 
 [myxo-; chondroma]. A tumor containing 
 mucous and cartilaginous tissue. 
 
 Myxococcidium stegomyiae (miks-o-kok-sid'-e- 
 um steg-o-mi'-i-e). The provisional name 
 
 for the hematobious parasite of yellow 
 fever. 
 
 Myxocystoma (miks-o-sist-o'-mah). A cystoma 
 containing mucous elements. 
 
 Myxodermia (miks-o-der' -me-ah) [myxo-; oepp.a ) 
 skin]. Softening of the skin. 
 
 Myxodes (miks-o 1 '-dez) [myxo-; ddog, like]. 
 Resembling mucus. 
 
 Myxofibroma (miks - 0- fi - bro' - mah) [myxo-; 
 fibroma]. A fibroma that has in part under- 
 gone myxomatous degeneration. 
 
 Myxofibrosarcoma (miks-o-fi-bro-sar-ko f -mah). 
 A tumor made up of myxomatous, sarcomat- 
 ous, and fibromatous elements. 
 
 Myxoglioma (miks - o - gli - 0' - mah) [myxo-; 
 glioma]. A glioma with myxomatous de- 
 generation. 
 
 Myxoid (miks'-oid) [myxo-; eloof, like]. Like 
 mucus. 
 
 Myxoidedema (miks-oid-e-de'-mah). A severe 
 form of influenza. 
 
 Myxoinoma (miks-o-in-o' -mah) [myxo-; "0, a 
 fiber; bpta, a tumor]. A benign form of 
 inoma with myxomatous elements. 
 
 Myxolipoma (miks - - lip - 0' - mah) [myxo-; 
 lipoma]. A fatty tumor that has in part 
 undergone myxomatous change. 
 
 Myxoma (miks-o' -mah) [myxo-; ofia, tumor]. 
 A connective-tissue tumor after the type 
 of the jelly of Wharton of the umbilical 
 cord. It consists of a gelatinous, mucin-con- 
 tainingj intercellular substance, in which are 
 scattered peculiar branched or stellate cells. 
 M., Cystic, M., Cystoid, one containing 
 parts so fluid as to resemble cysts. M., 
 Hyaline, a translucent form consisting 
 almost wholly of mucous tissue. M., Medul- 
 lary, one containing many cells and pre- 
 senting a white, opaque, pith-like appear- 
 ance. M., Telangiectatic, M. telangiec- 
 todes, M., Vascular, a myxoma character- 
 ized by a highly vascular structure. 
 
 Myxomatous (miks-o' -mat-us) [myxoma]. Of 
 the nature of, or pertaining to, myxoma. 
 M. Degeneration, mucoid degeneration. 
 It attacks epithelium and connective tissue, 
 giving rise to the production of a gelatinous 
 substance containing mucin. In epithelial 
 tissue the cells are affected; in connective 
 tissue, the intercellular substance. 
 
 Myxomycetes (miks - - mi-se' - tcz) [myxo-; 
 fiUKfje, fungus]. A genus of slime fungi found 
 in decaying wood and moss. 
 
 Myxoneuroma (miks-o-nu-ro'-mah) [myxo-; 
 neuroma]. 1. A glioma. 2. A neuroma with 
 mucous elements. 
 
 Myxoneurosis (miks -0 -nu-ro' - sis) [myxo-; 
 neurosis]. A neurosis which, as a functional 
 disturbance, causes an abnormal secretion 
 of mucus. M. intestinalis membranacea, 
 intestinal catarrh combined with secretion 
 of mucus of nervous origin. 
 
 Myxopapilloma (miks-o-pap-il-o'-mah). Pap- 
 illoma with mucous elements. 
 
 Myxosarcoma (miks -o-sar- ko f -mah) [myxo-; 
 sarcoma]. A sarcoma that has in part 
 undergone myxomatous degeneration. 
 
MYXOSPORIDIA 
 
 660 
 
 NAPHTHOL 
 
 Myxosporidia {miks-o-spor-id' -e-ah) [myxo-; 
 oTtbpog, seed]. A group or order of Sporozoa 
 found as parasitic bodies in the muscles 
 
 and epithelial cells of fishes; they produce 
 a psorospermosis which is frequently wide- 
 spread and destructive. 
 
 N 
 
 N. The symbol for nitrogen; also {n) the sign 
 
 of the index of refraction. 
 Na. Symbol for sodium {natrium). 
 N. A. Abbreviation of numeric aperture. 
 Nabothian Cysts, N. Ovules {nah-bo' -the-an) . 
 See Cysts, Nabothian. N. Follicles, the 
 mucous follicles of the cervix uteri about the 
 external os. N. Menorrhagia, a discharge 
 from the pregnant uterus of thin mucous that 
 accumulates as the result of excessive secre- 
 tion of the uterine glands. Syn., Hydrorrhea 
 gravidarum. 
 Naegele's Obliquity. Biparietal obliquity; 
 the lateral inclination of the fetal head, at 
 the superior pelvic strait, which brings the 
 sagittal suture nearer to the sacral promon- 
 tory. N.'s Pelvis, the obliquely contracted 
 pelvis; ankylosis of the sacroiliac synchon- 
 drosis of one side, with imperfect develop- 
 ment of the sacrum on the corresponding side. 
 Naevus {ne'-vus). See Nevus. 
 Naftalan {naf -tal-an) . An antiseptic, deodor- 
 ant substance consisting of a Russian naphtha 
 (97%) and hard soap (3%). It is used in 
 skin diseases, burns, ulcers, and rheumatism. 
 Nagana, N'gana, Nygana (nag-ah'-nah) [Afri- 
 can]. A disease of animals due to Trypano- 
 soma Brucei, which is transmitted by the 
 tsetse-fly. 
 Nail {naf) [AS., ncegel]. The horny structure 
 covering the dorsal aspect of the term- 
 inal phalanx of each finger and toe. It 
 consists of intimately united horny epithelial 
 cells derived from the stratum lucidum of 
 the epidermis. N.-bed, a vascular tissue, 
 corresponding to the corium 
 and the stratum malpighii 
 of the skin, in which a nail 
 rests. N. -culture, a term 
 applied in bacteriology to a 
 stab - culture showing a 
 growth along the needle- 
 track, and on the surface a 
 button-like projection, giv- 
 ing the appearance of a 
 nail driven into the gelatin. 
 N.-fold, the portion of epi- 
 dermis that covers the root 
 and edges of the nail. N., 
 Hang-. See Hangnail N., 
 Ingrowing, N., Ingrown, an overlap- 
 ping of the nail by the flesh, from pressure, 
 attended with ulceration. N. -matrix, the 
 proximal end of the nail-bed; the structure 
 from which the nail grows. N., Turtle- 
 back, a nail curved in all directions; a 
 
 Elements of a 
 Human Nail 
 ( X 240).— 
 (Stohr.) 
 
 condition seen in certain trophic disturb- 
 ances. 
 
 Nanism {na'-nizm) [nanus]. Dwarfishness. 
 
 Nanocephalous {na-no-se}' -al-us) [nanus; 
 tc£(f>aArj, head]. Possessing a dwarfed head. 
 
 Nanoid {na'noid) [nanus; eldoc, like]. Dwarf- 
 like. 
 
 Nanomelia, Nanomelus {na-no-me' -le-ah, 
 na-nom' -el-us) [nanus; juiAof, a limb]. A 
 monster characterized by undersized limbs. 
 
 Nanous {nan' -us). Dwarfed, stunted. 
 
 Nanus {na'-nus) [yavog, a dwarf]. 1. A dwarf. 
 2. Dwarfed; stunted. 
 
 Nape {nap) [ME.]. The back part of the neck; 
 the nucha. 
 
 Napellin {na-peV -in) [napellus, dim. of napus, 
 a turnip], C 26 H3 9 NO n . An alkaloid oiAcon- 
 itum napellus. It is an anodyne and anti- 
 neuralgic. Dose \-\ gr. (0.01-0.03 Gm.). 
 
 Napha {na'-fah) [L.]. Orange-blossoms. 
 
 Naphtha {naf-thah) [uacpOa, from Ar.,' naft, 
 naphtha]. 1. Formerly, any strong-smelling, 
 inflammable, volatile liquid. 2. A colorless, 
 inflammable oil distilled from petroleum, 
 bituminous shale, etc. N., Coal-tar, a 
 volatile mixture distilled from coal-tar and 
 containing benzene, toluene, xylene, and simi- 
 lar hydrocarbons. N., Petroleum, the more 
 volatile part of petroleum collected during 
 distillation and known as crude naphtha, or 
 again separated by distillation into gasolene, 
 benzene, and refined naphtha. N.-salicyn, 
 a disinfecting solution said to contain salicylic 
 acid, naphthol, and borax. N., Shale, naphtha 
 distilled from bituminous shale. N. vitrioli, 
 ethylic ether. N., Wood-, methyl-alcohol. 
 
 Naphthalene, Naphthalin, Naphtalin {naf- 
 thal-en, ' na]' -thai -in, naf'-tal-in) [naphtha]. 
 Naphthalinum- (U. S. P.), C 10 H 8 . A hydro- 
 carbon crystallizing in large, silvery, rhombic 
 plates, slightly soluble in hot, but insoluble 
 in cold, water, though easily soluble in me- 
 thyl- and ethyl-alcohols, chloroform, ether, 
 and benzene. It is an antiseptic, and is used 
 in intestinal putrefaction, in typhoid fever, 
 etc.; locally, in scabies and pruritus. Dose 
 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 
 Naphthalol {naf -thal-ol) . See Betol. 
 
 Naphthocresol {naf-tho-kre'-sol). A brown, 
 tarry, antiseptic liquid, insoluble in water, 
 soluble in alcohol; used the same as creolin. 
 
 Naphthol, Naphtol {naf-thol, naf -tot), 
 C, H 7 , OH. A substance found in coal-tar 
 and prepared artificially from alphanaphthol. 
 It exists in two isomeric forms, alphanaphthol 
 and betanaphthol, and occurs in the form 
 
NAPHTHOLATE 
 
 661 
 
 NASMYTH'S MEMBRANE 
 
 of pale, buff-colored crystals. Betanaphthol 
 (U. S. P.) is employed in dyspepsia and as 
 an intestinal antiseptic in diarrheas, typhoid 
 fever, etc. Locally it is used in eczemas, 
 prurigo, herpes, favus, etc. Dose 5-10 gr. 
 (0.32-0.65 Gm.). N.-aristol, N.-diiodid. 
 See Diiodobetanaphthol. N.-eucalyptol, a 
 compound of alphanaphthol or betanaphthol 
 and eucalyptol; it is used as a surgical anti- 
 septic. 
 
 Naphtholate (naj'-thol-dt). A naphthol com- 
 pound in which a base replaces the hydrogen 
 atom in the hydroxyl. 
 
 Naphtholism (naf'-thol-izm). Poisoning from 
 continued external application of naphthol; 
 it is marked by nephritis, hematuria, and 
 eclampsia. 
 
 Naphtholum (naf -thol-um) . Betanaphthol. 
 
 Naphthopyrin (naf-tho-pi'-rin). A molecular 
 compound obtained by the prolonged tritura- 
 tion of betanaphthol with twice its weight 
 of antipyrin. 
 
 Naphthosalol (naf-tho-sa' -lol) . See Betol. 
 
 Naphthoxol (naf-thoks'-ol). An antiseptic fluid 
 consisting of a 3 % solution of hydrogen 
 dioxid, 32 to 38 % alcohol, and 2 % naphthol. 
 
 Naphthyl (naf'-thil), C 10 H 7 . The radicle of 
 naphthalene. 
 
 Naphthylamin (na}-thil'-a-min), C 10 H 7 . NH 2 . 
 A .crystallizable substance turning red in the 
 air. 
 
 Narcein (nar'-se-in) [vdpKf], numbness], C23- 
 H 29 N0 9 . An alkaloid contained in opium. 
 It is sparingly soluble in water and alcohol, 
 and forms fine, silky, inodorous, bitter crys- 
 tals. It is used as a substitute for mor- 
 phin. Dose | gr. (0.016 Gm.). N. Hydro- 
 chlorid, C 23 H 29 N0 9 . HC1 + 2H 2 0, an acid 
 substance forming colorless needles freely 
 soluble in water and alcohol. It is used as 
 a hypnotic in doses of $—3 gr. (0.01-0.2 Gm.). 
 N. Meconate, C 23 H 29 N0 9 . C 7 H 4 7 , yellow 
 crystals soluble in water. It is used as a 
 sedative. Subcutaneous dose tV"~ t g r - (0.006- 
 0.025 Gm.). N., Reaction for (Arnold's), 
 upon heating the substance containing narcein 
 with concentrated sulfuric acid and a trace 
 of phenol a reddish coloration results. N. 
 Valerianate, C 23 H 29 NO 9 .C 5 H 10 O 2 , a greenish- 
 white, unstable powder, soluble in alcohol or 
 hot water; decomposes on exposure. It is 
 used as a sedative in mania, hysteria, etc. 
 
 Narco- (nar-ko-) [vapn-q, numbness]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to narcosis, numbness, or 
 stupor. 
 
 Narcohypnia {nar-ko-hip' -ne-ah) [narco-; 
 o-voc, sleep]. Waking numbness; a peculiar 
 state in which the patient has a sense of numb- 
 ness on awaking. 
 
 Narcolepsy (nar' -ko-lep-se) [narco-; epilepsy]. 
 An uncontrollable tendency to attacks of deep 
 sleep of short duration. It has been observed 
 in epilepsy and other affections. 
 
 Narcoma (nar-ko 1 '-mah) [see Narcosis]. Stupor 
 from the use of a narcotic. 
 
 Narcomania (nar-ko-ma' '-ne-ah) [narco-; p.avca, 
 madness]. 1. Insanity characterized by 
 
 stupor. 2. Insanity from use of narcotics. 
 3. A morbid craving for narcotics. 
 
 Narcose (nar'-koz) [narcosis]. In a condition 
 of stupor. 
 
 Narcosis (nar-ko' '-sis) [vapnouv, to benumb]. 
 The state of complete unconsciousness pro- 
 duced by a narcotic drug or an anesthetic. 
 N., Medullary, anesthesia by cocainization 
 of the spinal cord. 
 
 Narcotic (nar-kof '-ik) [see Narcosis]. 1. Pro- 
 ducing stupor. 2. A drug that produces nar- 
 cosis. 
 
 Narcotin (nar r -kot-in) [see Narcosis], C 22 H 23 - 
 N0 7 . An alkaloid of opium, separated from 
 morphin by potassium hydroxid. It crystal- 
 lizes from alcohol in shining prisms, and 
 melts at 176 C. It is sudorific and anti- 
 pyretic, but has no narcotic effects. Dose 
 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Narcotism (nar' -kot-izm) [see Narcosis]. The 
 condition resulting from the use of a narcotic. 
 
 Narcotize (nar' -ko-tiz) [see Narcosis]. To put 
 under the influence of a narcotic; to render 
 unconscious by means of a narcotic. 
 
 Nargol (nar'-goF). Silver nucleate; silver 
 nucleid, a compound of nucleic acid and 
 silver oxid containing 10% of the latter; it 
 causes blanching of the conjunctiva. 
 
 Narinjin (na-rin' -jin) [Sanskrit, narinji, the 
 orange], C 23 H 26 12 + 4H 2 0, or C 23 H 28 12 + 
 5H 2 0. A glucosid from the blossoms of 
 Citrus decumana, the grape-fruit or pomelo 
 tree. 
 
 Naris (na'-ris) [L.; pi., nares]. One of a pair 
 of openings at the anterior part (anterior 
 nares) or at the posterior part (posterior 
 nares) of the nasal fossas. 
 
 Nasal (na'-zal) [nasus, the nose]. Pertaining 
 to the nose. N. Artery. See under Artery. 
 N. Bones, the two small bones forming the 
 arch of the nose. N. Catarrh, catarrh of the 
 nasal mucous membrane; coryza. N. Duct. 
 See under Duct. N. Eminence. See Emi- 
 nence, Nasal. N. Fossas, the cavities of the 
 nose. N. Ganglion, the sphenopalatine gan- 
 glion. N. Labyrinth, the irregular cavity 
 formed by the turbinal bones in the nasal 
 passages. N. Line. See Salle's (de) Line. 
 N. Nerve. See under Nerve. N. Spine. 1. A 
 sharp process descending in the middle line 
 from the inferior surface of the frontal bone 
 between the superior maxillas. 2. The in- 
 ferior sharp edge of the nasal crest of the 
 superior maxilla. Syn., Anterior nasal spine. 
 3. The prominence formed by the junction in 
 the median line of the elevations upon the 
 posterior internal adjoining margins of the 
 palatal plate of the palate bones. N. Voice, 
 a peculiar muffled timbre of the voice, espe- 
 cially marked in cases of perforation of the 
 palate. 
 
 Nascent (nas'-ent) [nasci, to be born]. A term 
 applied to gaseous substances at the moment 
 of their liberation from chemic union. 
 
 Nasion (na'-ze-on) [nasus, nose]. The median 
 point of the nasofrontal suture. 
 
 Nasmyth's Membrane, N.'s Cuticle. The 
 
NASO- 
 
 662 
 
 NECRO- 
 
 epithelial membrane enveloping the enamel 
 of the tooth during its development and for 
 a short time after birth. Syn., Cuticula dentis. 
 
 Naso- (na-zo-) [nasus, nose]. A prefix denoting 
 connection with or relation to the nose. 
 
 Nasoantral (na-zo-an'-tral). Relating to the 
 nose and the maxillary antrum. 
 
 Nasoantritis (na-zo-an-tri' -tis) . Rhinitis com- 
 bined with inflammation, of the antrum of 
 Highmore. 
 
 Nasoaural (na-zo-aw'-ral). Relating to the 
 nose and ear. 
 
 Nasobuccal (na-zo-buk'-al). Relating to the 
 nose and cheek. 
 
 Nasofrontal (na-zo-fron'-tal). Pertaining to 
 the nasal and the frontal bones. 
 
 Nasolabial (na-zo-la' -be-al) . Pertaining to the 
 nose and lip. 
 
 Nasolacrimal {na-zo-lak' -rim-al) [naso-; lac- 
 rima, tear]. Pertaining to the nose and the 
 lacrimal apparatus, as the nasolacrimal duct. 
 
 Nasolambdoidal (na-zo-lam-doi'-dal) . Relat- 
 ing to the nasal bones and the lambdoid 
 suture. N. Line. See P airier' s Line. 
 
 Nasomanometer (na-zo-man-om' -et-er) . A 
 manometer supplied with tubes to introduce 
 liquid into the nostrils in order to test the 
 permeability of the nose. 
 
 Nasooccipital (na-zo-ok-sip' '-it-al). Pertaining 
 to the nose and the occiput. 
 
 Nasopalatine (na-zo-pal' -at-en) . i. Pertaining 
 to both the nose and the palate, as the naso- 
 palatine nerve. 2. Giving passage to the 
 nasopalatine nerve, as the nasopalatine canal. 
 
 Nasopalpebral (na-zo-pal' '-pe-bral). Relating 
 to the nose and the eyelids. 
 
 Nasopharyngeal (na-zo-far-in'-je-al) [naso- 
 pharynx]. Pertaining to both the nose and 
 the pharynx or to the nasopharynx. 
 
 Nasopharyngitis (na-zo-far-in-ji'-tis) [naso- 
 pharynx; exec, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the nasopharynx. Syn., Rhinopharyngitis . 
 
 Nasopharjrnx (na-zo-far' -inks) [naso-; (f)apuy£, 
 pharynx]. The space between the posterior 
 nares and a horizontal plane through the 
 lower margin of the soft palate. 
 
 Nasorostral (na-zo -ros'-tral). Relating to the 
 rostrum of the nose. 
 
 Natal Sore. See Furunculus orientalis. 
 
 Nataloin (na-taV -o-in) [Natal, an African 
 state; aloin], C 25 H 28 O u . The aloin derived 
 from Natal aloes. 
 
 Nates (na'-tez) [natis, the buttock]. The but- 
 tocks. N. of Brain, the anterior pair of the 
 corpora quadrigemina. 
 
 Native (na'-tiv) [nativus, born]. Of indigenous 
 origin or growth; occurring in its natural 
 state; not artificial. N. Albumins, a class 
 of proteids occurring ready -formed in the 
 tissues. 
 
 Natrium (na'-tre-um). See Sodium. 
 
 Natron (na'-tron) [Ar., natrun, native sodium 
 carbonate]. i. Native sodium carbonate. 
 2. Soda. 3. Sodium or potassium nitrate. 
 
 Natural (nat'-u-ral) [natura, nature]. Per- 
 taining to nature. N. History, a term 
 including a description of all the products 
 
 and phenomena of nature, but at present 
 generally restricted to the sciences of zoology 
 and botany. N. Philosophy, the science 
 treating of the physical properties of matter 
 at rest and in motion; now usually called 
 physics. 
 
 Nauheim Treatment (now' -him). See Schott 
 Method (2). 
 
 Nausea (naw' -she-ah) [vaua'ca, sea-sickness]. 
 Sickness at the stomach, with inclination to 
 vomit. N., Creatic, N., Kreatic, morbid 
 aversion to eating animal food. N. marina, 
 
 . N. navalis, sea-sickness. 
 
 Nauseant (naw' -she-ant) [nausea]. 1. Nauseat- 
 ing; producing nausea. 2. Any agent that 
 produces nausea. 
 
 Nauseating, Nauseous (naw'-she-a-ting, naw'- 
 she-us) [nausea]. Producing nausea or loath- 
 ing. 
 
 Nausiosis (naw-se-o* '-sis) . 1. Nausea. 2. A 
 venous hemorrhage in which the flow is dis- 
 charged by jets. 
 
 Navel (na'-vel) [AS., nafela]. The umbilicus. 
 N.-string, the umbilical cord. 
 
 Navicular (na-vik'-u-lar) [navicula, a little 
 ship]. Boat-shaped. N. Bone, the scaphoid 
 bone of the foot. N. Fossa. 1. A depression 
 between the vaginal aperture and the fourchet. 
 2. A dilation of the urethra near the glans 
 penis. 
 
 Naviculare (na-vik-u-la' -re) [navicula]. See 
 Bones, Table of. 
 
 Near-point. The punctum proximum, the 
 point nearest the eye at which an object can 
 be seen distinctly. N., Absolute, that near- 
 point for either eye alone at which no effort 
 at accommodation is made. N., Relative, 
 that near-point for both eyes at which accom- 
 modation is brought into play. 
 
 Near-sight. See Myopia. 
 
 Nearthrosis (ne-ar -thro' -sis). See Neoarthrosis. 
 
 Nebula (neb'-u-lah) [L.]. • A cloud; a faint, 
 grayish opacity of the cornea. 
 
 Nebulizer (neb'-u-li-zer). See Atomizer. 
 
 Neck (nek) [AS., hnecta]. The constricted 
 portion of the body connecting the head with 
 the trunk; also, the narrow portion of any 
 structure serving to join its parts. See also 
 Cervix. N., Anatomic, the constricted por- 
 tion of the humerus, just below the articular 
 surface, serving for the attachment of the 
 capsular ligament. N.-berg, the vulgar name 
 of the cervical portion of the thymus gland 
 of animals. See Heart-berg. N., Cephalic, 
 the constricted, neck-like region lying between 
 the quadrigeminum and the thalami. Syn., 
 Isthmus prosencephali. N., "Derbyshire. 
 Synonym of Goiter. N., Surgical, the con- 
 stricted part of the humerus just below the 
 condyles. N.-, Wry-. Synonym of Torti- 
 collis. 
 
 Necremia, Necraemia (nek-re' -me-ah) [veupbc, 
 dead; aljia, blood]. A condition marked by 
 loss of vitality in the corpuscles and a tend- 
 ency not to run together. 
 
 Necro- (nek-ro-) [vs/cpoc, dead]. A prefix signify- 
 ing death. 
 
NECROBIOSIS 
 
 663 
 
 NECROSIS 
 
 Vessels and Nerves of the Neck. — (Holden.) 
 Subclavian artery. 2. Subclavian vein. 3, 3. Common carotid artery. 4. Internal jugular vein. 5. Anterior 
 jugular vein. 6. Omohyoid muscle. 7. Sternohyoid muscle. 8. Trunk of pneumogastric nerve. 9. Hypoglossal 
 nerve. 10. Its terminal portion. 11. Its descending branch. 12. Internal descending branch of cervical plexus. 
 13. Plexus formed by last two branches. 14. External carotid artery. 15. Superior thyroid artery and vein. 16. 
 Lingual and facial arteries. 17. Facial artery and vein. 18. Occipital artery. 19. Anterior branches of the first 
 four cervical nerves. 20. Superior laryngeal nerve. 
 
 Necrobiosis {nek-ro-bi-o' -sis) [necro-; ftfoc, life]. 
 Molecular death of tissue. 
 
 Necrocystosis (nek-ro-sis-to'-sis) [necro-; kuzoc, 
 a cell]. Death or loss of vitality of the cells. 
 
 Necrogenic (nek-ro-jen' '-ik) [necro-; yevvdv, to 
 beget]. Originating from dead substances. 
 
 Necrology (nek-rol'-o-je) [necro-; Xbyoc, science]. 
 Tabulated mortality statistics. 
 
 Necrometer {nek-rom' -et-er) [necro-; fierpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for weighing 
 organs at an autopsy. 
 
 Necrophilous {nek-rof'-il-us). Subsisting on 
 dead matter. 
 
 Necropneumonia {nek - ro - nu - mo' - ne - ah). 
 Gangrene of the lung. 
 
 Necropsy {nek'-rop-se) [necro-; tycc, sight]. 
 The examination of a dead body; autopsy; 
 postmortem examination. 
 
 Necrosis {nek-ro' -sis) [venpoc , dead]. The death 
 of cells surrounded by living tissue. Necrosis 
 proper refers to death in mass; necrobiosis 
 to death of individual cells. Among the 
 causes of necrosis are: direct injury, obstruc- 
 tion of the circulation, loss of trophic in- 
 
 fluence. The varieties of necrosis are: coagu- 
 lation-necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, cheesy 
 necrosis, dry and moist gangrene. Necrosed 
 tissues may be absorbed, retained, or thrown 
 off. The dead tissue is called sequestrum in 
 case of bone, and sphacelus in case of soft 
 parts. In surgery the term necrosis is often 
 applied specifically to the death of bone. 
 N., Balser's Fatty. See Balser's Fat-ne- 
 crosis. N., Central, that in which the internal 
 portions of a bone are involved. N., Cheesy, 
 necrosis characterized by the formation of a 
 cheese-like material. It is usually due to the 
 presence of the tubercle bacillus, and is most 
 often seen in the lungs. N., Coagulation-, 
 N., Coagulative, a variety characterized by 
 the formation of fibrin. It is most com- 
 mon in the blood, in thrombosis. It also 
 occurs on mucous membranes, where it pro- 
 duces a false membrane, chiefly under the 
 influence of the bacillus of diphtheria, but 
 also of other irritant agents. Occasionally it 
 occurs in the interior of organs as the result 
 of embolism or thrombosis, leading to the 
 
NECROSPERMIA 
 
 664 
 
 NEMATODA 
 
 formation of an anemic infarct. N., Colli- 
 quative. See N., Liquefactive. N., Em- 
 bolic, coagulation-necrosis in an anemic in- 
 farct following embolism. N., Endo globular 
 (of Maragliano and Castellino), the degenera- 
 tive decoloration of erythrocytes, giving rise 
 to shadow corpuscles, "phantoms," or achro- 
 macytes. SeeAchromacyte. N., Fat-, a type of 
 necrosis following fatty degeneration, reducing 
 the entire structure to a fatty emulsion. N. 
 infantilis, cancrum oris. N., Liquefactive, 
 a process analogous to coagulation-necrosis, 
 but instead of fibrin the peculiar reaction of 
 fluids and cells gives rise to the formation of 
 a liquid. N., Mercurial, a necrosis of bones 
 due to chronic poisoning with mercury. N., 
 Phosphorus-, a necrosis of bone, especially 
 of the lower jaw, occurring in those exposed 
 to the fumes of phosphorus. N., Superficial, 
 a necrosis in which the portion of bone just 
 beneath the periosteum is affected. N., 
 Total, a form in which ihe g bone through its 
 entire thickness is necrotic. N. ustilaginea, 
 dry gangrene from ergotism. 
 
 Necrospermia (nek-ro-sperm'-e-ah) [necro-; 
 oTikpua, seed]. Impotence due to loss of 
 motility in the spermatozoa. 
 
 Necrotic {nek-rot'-ik) {necrosis']. Pertaining to 
 or characterized by necrosis. 
 
 Necrotomy (nek-rot' -o -me) [necro-; to/jlt], a cut- 
 ting]. The dissection of a dead body. 
 
 Nectandra (nek-tan' -drah) [vii<rap, nectar; dvqp, 
 a male]. A tree of the order Laurinece. The 
 bark of Nectandra rodicei (nectandrce cortex, 
 B. P.) contains tannic acid, resin, sugar, al- 
 
 ' bumin, various salts, and two alkaloids, be- 
 berin and sipirin. It is tonic, astringent, and 
 febrifuge, and has been used in malarial 
 fevers, but is not so good an antiperiodic as 
 
 ' cinchona. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). 
 The root of N . cymbarum, of Brazil, is robo- 
 rant; the balsamic oil from the bark is tonic, 
 antispasmodic, diuretic, emmenagog, and di- 
 aphoretic, and is also applied to ulcers. N . 
 • pichury-major, and N . pichur y -minor , of 
 Brazil, furnish seeds which are used in diar- 
 rhea and dysentery; they contain fat, an 
 ethereal oil, and safrol. 
 
 Nectareous (nek-ta' -re-us) [nectar]. Agreeable 
 to the taste. 
 
 Nedyia (ned-i'-e-ah) [vrjduca]. The abdominal 
 viscera. 
 
 Nedys (ned'-is) [vtjouc]. i. The stomach and 
 bowels. 2. The uterus. 
 
 Needle (ne'-dl) [AS., need!]. A sharp-pointed 
 steel instrument used for sewing and for 
 penetrating tissues for the purpose of 
 carrying a ligature through. N., Aneu- 
 rysm-, one fixed on a handle, and with the 
 eye at the point, especially adapted for ligat- 
 ing vessels. N., Cataract-, one for operat- 
 ing upon the catarac'tous lens or its capsule. 
 N., Discission-, one for insertion through 
 the cornea, and breaking the capsule and 
 substance of the crystalline lens. N., Ex- 
 ploring, a grooved, sharp-pointed rod intro- 
 duced into a cavity or a part for the purpose 
 
 of determining the presence of fluid. N., 
 Hagedorn's, a flat suture needle curved on 
 its edge, with the eye perforating the side. 
 N. -holder, a handle for clasping a needle. 
 N., Hypodermatic, the fine, needle-pointed 
 metallic tube attached to the barrel of the 
 hypodermatic syringe. N., Knife, one that 
 has a sharp cutting-edge; it is used in the 
 discission of cataracts. 
 
 Needling (ne'-dling) [needle]. The process of 
 lacerating a cataract with a needle, to afford 
 entrance to the aqueous humor and cause 
 absorption of the lens. 
 
 Nefrens (ne'-frenz) [ne, not; frendere, to gnash 
 the teeth]. Without teeth; edentate. In the 
 pi., nefrendes, toothless people, whether nurs- 
 lings or aged persons. 
 
 Neftel's Disease. See Atremia (2). 
 
 Negative (neg'-at-iv) [negare, to deny]. 1. Deny- 
 ing; contradicting; opposing. 2. Of quantities, 
 less than nothing. 3. In physics, opposed to a 
 quality termed positive. N. Accommoda- 
 tion, the absence of active accommodation; 
 the state of the eye at rest, or when looking 
 at an object at an infinite distance. N. 
 Blood-pressure, pressure which is less than 
 that of the atmosphere. It exists in the 
 large veins near the heart, owing to the as- 
 pirating action of the thorax. N. Chemo- 
 taxis, the absence of the power of attracting 
 leukocytes and wandering cells, or their ac- 
 tual repulsion. N. Electrode, N. Pole, the 
 electrode or pole of an electric battery con- 
 nected with the positive plate and conducting 
 negative electricity. N. Variation of the 
 Muscle-current, a diminution in the strength 
 of the muscle-current during tetanic contrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Neisseria (ni-se' -re-alt). A group of schizo- 
 mycetes. See under Bacteria. 
 
 NeTaton's Catheter. A soft-rubber catheter. 
 N.'s Fold, a transverse fold of mucosa at the 
 junction of the middle and lower thirds of 
 the rectum, about 10 to n centimeters above 
 the anus. N.'s Hematocele, hematoma of the 
 fallopian tube. N.'s Line. See Line, Nelaton's. 
 N.'s Probe. See Probe, Nelaton's. N.'s 
 Sphincter, a circular bundle of rectal mus- 
 cular fibers situated from 8 to 10 centimeters 
 above the anus, on a level with the prostate. 
 It is not constant, and when present it gen- 
 erally occupies only a part of the circumfer- 
 ence of the bowel. N.'s Tumor, desmoid 
 tumor of the abdominal wall. 
 
 Nelavan (neV-av-an). See African Lethargy. 
 
 Nematachometer (nem-at-ak-om' -et-er) [vrj[xa, 
 thread; ra%oc, rapidity; p.hpov, a measure]. 
 An instrument for measuring the rapidity 
 of transmission of nervous impulses in per- 
 ipheral nerves. 
 
 Nematoblast (nem'-at-o-blast) [vfjfia, thread; 
 phaozoc, a germ]. A spermatoblast. 
 
 Nematoda (nem-at-o' -dah) [see Nematode]. A 
 genus of worms, the threadworms, some of 
 which are parasitic in man and the lower 
 animals. The most important of these are 
 Anguillula. Ankylostoma, Ascaris, Eustron- 
 
NEMATODE 
 
 665 
 
 NEPHRITIS 
 
 gylus, Filaria, Oxyuris, Strongylus, Trichina, 
 Trichocephalus. 
 
 Nematode (nem'-at-od) [vfjiia, thread; aloof, 
 like], i. Thread-like; belonging to or re- 
 sembling the Nematoda, or threadworms; ap- 
 plied to threadworms, hairworms, round- 
 worms, pinworms. 2. The threads formed by 
 a serial arrangement of the granules of pro- 
 toplasm. 
 
 Nematoid (nem' -at-oid) . See Nematode (1). 
 
 Nemomena (nem-o-me'-nah) [vepsadac, to de- 
 vour; to spread]. Perforating ulcers. 
 
 Nencki's Test for Indol. Treat with nitric 
 acid containing nitrous acid; a red colora- 
 tion results, and in concentrated solution a 
 red precipitate may form. 
 
 Neo- [vioc, new]. A prefix meaning new. 
 
 Neoarsycodil (ne-o-ar-sik'-o-dil). Sodium 
 
 methyl arsenite. It is used in tuberculosis. 
 Dose ^-ij gr. (0.02-0.1 Gm.) for five days, 
 then omit for five days. 
 
 Neoarthrosis (ne-o-ar-thro'-sis) [neo-; apdpov, 
 a joint]. A false joint. 
 
 Neoblast (ne'-o-blast). See Parablast. 
 
 Neodermin (ne-o-der'-min). An ointment con- 
 taining difluordiphenyl; used on burns and 
 ulcerated surfaces. 
 
 Neoformation (ne-o-jorm-a' -shun) . See New- 
 growth. 
 
 Neogenesis (ne-o-jen' -e-sis) [neo-; yevvdv, to 
 produce]. Regeneration of tissues. 
 
 Neogenic (ne-o-jen' -ik) . Productive of new 
 growth. N. Zone. See under Zone. 
 
 Neologism (ne-oV '-o-jizm) [neo-; Xoyoc, a word]. 
 The utterance of meaningless words by the 
 insane. 
 
 Neomembrane (ne-o-mem'-bran). A new or 
 false membrane. 
 
 Neonatal (ne-o-na'-tal) [neo-; natus, born]. 
 Pertaining to the newborn. 
 
 Neoplasm (ne'-o-plazm). See New growth. N., 
 Inflammatory Fungoid, mycosis fungoides. 
 
 Neoplastic (ne-o-plas'-tik) [neoplasm]. Pertain- 
 ing to, or of the nature of, a neoplasm. 
 
 Neoplasty (ne'-o-plas-te) [see Neoplasm]. The 
 restoration of lost tissue by a plastic ope- 
 ration. 
 
 Nepeta (nep'-et-ah). See Calnep. 
 
 Nephralgia (nej-ral'-je-ah) [nephrus; alyoc, 
 pain]. Neuralgic pain in the kidney. 
 
 Nephrauxe (nej-rawks'-e) [nephrus; au$T], in- 
 crease]. Enlargement of the kidney. 
 
 Nephrectomy (ne)-rek'-to-me) [nephrus; iKtoptrj, 
 excision]. Excision of the kidney. N., Ab- 
 dominal, nephrectomy performed through 
 an abdominal incision. N., Lumbar, neph- 
 rectomy through an incision in the loin. 
 
 Nephremia (nef-re'-me-ah) [nephrus; alfia, 
 blood]. Renal congestion. 
 
 Nephria (nef'-re-ah). See' Bright' s Disease. 
 
 Nephric (nef'-rik) [nephrus]. Pertaining to the 
 kidney. 
 
 Nephridium (ne}-rid'-e-um) [dim. of vecfepoc, 
 kidney]. 1. In biology, the fat about the 
 kidneys. 2. The suprarenal capsule. 
 
 Nephrin, Nephrina (nef'-rin, nef-ri' -nah) . See 
 Cystin. 
 
 Nephrism (nef'-rizm) [nephrus]. The grave 
 condition of patients suffering from pro- 
 nounced or advanced disease of the kidney. 
 
 Nephritic (nef-rit'-ik) [see Nephritis]. 1. Per- 
 taining to nephritis. 2. Improperly, pertain- 
 ing to the kidney; the correct term is nephric. 
 
 Nephritids, Nephritides (nef-rit'-ids, nef-rit'- 
 id-ez). Morbid conditions of the skin due 
 to disorder of the kidneys. 
 
 Nephritis (nef-ri'-tis) [nephrus; exec, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the kidney. N., 
 Diffuse, that involving both epithelial and 
 connective-tissue elements of the kidney. N. , 
 Interstitial, that involving the connective 
 tissue chiefly; it may be acute or chronic. 
 N., Interstitial, Acute, a form due to septic 
 infection either through the blood, as in py- 
 emia, or through extension along the ureter 
 or from neighboring structures. N., Inter- 
 stitial, Chronic, a form in which the kidney 
 is small and hard, the capsule is adherent, 
 the surface is granular and marked by cysts. 
 The cortex is diminished in thickness. Micro- 
 scopically there is a marked increase in the 
 connective tissue about the tubules, the glom- 
 erules, and the blood-vessels. The glomerules 
 show degenerative changes; the epithelium 
 is atrophic and degenerated. The symptoms 
 are anemia, loss of flesh and strength, dis- 
 turbances of digestion, dyspnea, and asthma- 
 tic attacks; polyuria, the urine being of a 
 low specific gravity, pale, and containing only 
 a small amount of albumin and but few hya- 
 line casts. There is also hypertrophy of the 
 heart with sclerosis of the arteries; the pulse is 
 of high tension, and the second aortic sound 
 is accentuated. Uremia is common. Syn., 
 Granular or gouty kidney. N., Parenchy- 
 matous, a form in which the inflammation 
 affects the epithelium of the uriniferous tu- 
 bules. Syn., Catarrhal nephritis; Desquama- 
 tive nephritis; Tubular nephritis. N., Par- 
 enchymatous, Acute, a form in which the 
 kidney is enlarged, congested, its structural 
 markings are obscured, the epithelium is in 
 a state of cloudy swelling or fatty degenera- 
 tion, and many tubules contain casts; in 
 others the epithelium is desquamated. The 
 symptoms are fever, lumbar pains, and often 
 dropsy; the urine is scanty and contains 
 albumin, blood, casts, and epithelial cells; 
 uremia is common. Syn., Acute Bright 's dis- 
 ease. N., Parenchymatous, Chronic, a 
 variety in which the kidney is enlarged, pale 
 or yellow, and soft; the epithelium presents 
 an advanced stage of fatty degeneration. 
 Casts are often present. The symptoms are 
 anemia, dropsy, gastrointestinal disturbances, 
 dyspnea, and retinitis; the urine is scanty 
 and contains a large amount of albumin, 
 granular, fatty, and waxy casts, and com- 
 pound granule-cells. Syn., Large white kid- 
 ney. N., Saturnine, that due to chronic 
 lead-poisoning. N., Scarlatinal, an acute 
 nephritis due to scarlatina. N., Tubal, 
 inflammation of the renal tubes. N., Tuber- 
 culous, that due to the presence of tubercle 
 
NEPHRO- 
 
 666 
 
 NERVE 
 
 bacilli. It presents itself either in the form 
 of caseating masses or cavities in the sub- 
 stance of the kidney, or as miliary tubercu- 
 losis of the organ. N., Typhoid. See Neph- 
 rotyphus. N. uratica, gouty kidney, partial 
 or more diffuse interstitial nephritis in arth- 
 ritic subjects, due to deposition of urates. 
 
 Nephro- (nef-ro-) [nephrus]. A prefix meaning 
 pertaining to the kidney. 
 
 Nephrocele (nej'-ro-sel) [nephro-; ktjAt?, hernia]. 
 Hernia of the kidney. 
 
 Nephro cystanastomo sis * {nef-ro-sist-an-as-to- 
 mo'-sis) [nephro-; kuotic, bladder; dvaoropuooce, 
 an opening]. The surgical formation of an 
 opening between the kidney and the urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 Nephrogenic, Nephrogenous {nef-ro-jen'-ik, 
 nef-roj'-en-us) [nephro-; ytzvvav, to produce]. 
 Of renal origin. 
 
 Nephrohemia {ne]-ro-he' -me-ah). See Neph- 
 remia. 
 
 Nephrolith (nef'-ro-lilh) [nephro-; Xcdoc, a 
 stone]. A calculus of the kidney. 
 
 Nephrolithiasis {nef-ro-lith-i' -as-is) [nephro-; 
 lithiasis]. The formation of renal calculi, 
 or the diseased state that leads to their forma- 
 tion. 
 
 Nephrolithotomy {nef-ro-lith-ot'-o-me) [neph- 
 ro-; lithotomy]. An incision of the kidney 
 for the removal of a calculus. 
 
 Nephrolysin {nef-rol'-is-in) [nephro-; Xuecv, to 
 loose]. A cytolysin produced by inoculation 
 with renal cells. 
 
 Nephropexy {nef'-ro-peks-e) [nephro-; tztj^ic;, 
 fixation]. Surgical fixation of a floating kid- 
 ney. 
 
 Nephrophthisis {nef -ro - ii' - sis) [nephro-; 
 phthisis]. Cheesy degeneration of the kidney; 
 it is due to the presence of the tubercle bacillus. 
 
 Nephroptosis (nef-ro-to f -sis) [nephro-; nxwocg, 
 a falling]. Prolapse of the kidney. 
 
 Nephropyelitis {nef-ro-pi-el-i' '-tis) [nephro-; 
 pyelitis]. Inflammation of the pelvis of the 
 kidney; pyelonephritis. 
 
 Nephropyosis (nej-ro-pi-o' '-sis) . Same as Pyo- 
 nephrosis. 
 
 Nephrorrhagia (nef-ror-a'-je-ah) [nephro-; pey- 
 vuvac, to burst forth]. Renal hemorrhage. 
 
 Nephrorrhaphy {ne}-ror r -a-fe) [nephro-; pacf>r), 
 suture]. The stitching of a floating kidney 
 to the posterior wall of the abdomen or to 
 the loin. 
 
 Nephrosis {nej-ro'-sis) [nephrus]. Any renal 
 disease. 
 
 Nephrospasis {ne}-ro-spa f -sis) [nephro-; ondv, 
 to draw]. Extreme renal mobility in which 
 the organ hangs by its pedicle, thus straining 
 the contained vessels and nerves. 
 
 Nephro stome,Nephrostoma {nef'-ros-tom, nef- 
 ros -to'-mah) [nephro-; oxofia, a mouth]. The 
 internal mouth of a wolffian tubule. 
 
 Nephrostomy (nef-ros'-to-me) [see Nephrostome]. 
 The formation of a fistula leading to the pelvis 
 of the kidney. 
 Nephrotomy (nef-rot'-o-me) [nephro-; xoptrj, a 
 cutting]. Incision of the kidney. N., Ab- 
 dominal, one through an abdominal inci- 
 
 sion. N., Lumbar, one through an incision 
 in the loin. 
 
 Nephrotoxin {nef-ro-toks'-in) [nephro-; xo^ckov, 
 a poison]. A cytotoxin found by Metch- 
 nikoff in the kidney. 
 
 Nephro tuberculosis (nef-ro-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis) . 
 See Nephrophthisis. 
 
 Nephro typhoid, Nephrotyphus (nef-ro-ti'-foid, 
 nef-ro-ti' -jus) [nephro-; typhoid]. Enteric 
 fever with prominent renal complications. 
 
 Nephroureterectomy {nef-ro-u-re-ter-ek'-to-me) 
 [nephro-; ureterectomy]. The excision of the 
 kidney and whole ureter at one operation. 
 
 Nephrozymosis (nef-ro-zi-mo' '-sis) [nephro-; 
 zymosis]. The condition due to or favoring 
 zymotic disease of the kidney. 
 
 Nephrus (nef'-rus) [ve(f)pbc]. The kidney. 
 
 Nephrydrops, Nephrydrosis (nef'-rid-rops, nef- 
 rid-ro'-sis). See Hydronephrosis. N., Sub- 
 capsular, a large collection of urine between 
 the kidney and its capsule. 
 
 Neriin {ne'-ri-in). A glucosid from the leaves 
 of Nerium oleander, apparently identical with 
 digitalein. It is used as a heart stimulant 
 and tonic. 
 
 Neriodorein (ne-re-o-do f -re-in). Same as Ne- 
 riin. 
 
 Nerium {ne'-re-um) [vrjpcov, oleander]. The 
 leaves and bark of N. oleander. The extrac- 
 tive principles exert a marked influence on 
 the motor centers, in large doses producing 
 paralysis and heart failure. In small doses 
 they act as a cardiac tonic, resembling digi- 
 talis. Dose of the extract §-§ gr. (0.02-0.04 
 Gm.). The tincture may be given cautiously 
 in one-drop doses, gradually increased. 
 
 Neroli (ner'-o-le) [Fr.]. Oil of orange-flowers. 
 
 Nerve, Nervus inerv, ner'-vus) [nervus, nerve]. 
 An elongated, cord-like structure made up of 
 aggregations of nerve-fibers and having the 
 property of transmitting nervous impulses. 
 N., Accelerator, the cardiac sympathetic 
 nerve, stimulation of which causes accelera- 
 tion of the heart's action. N., Afferent, one 
 that transmits impulses from the periphery 
 to the central nervous system. N.-bulb. 
 See End-bud and Motorial end-plate. N.- 
 bulb, Terminal. See Krause's Corpuscles. 
 N.s, Bulbous, amputation neuromas, round 
 growths which form on the divided extremities 
 of the nerves in the stumps left after amputa- 
 tion. N., Calorific, a nerve stimulation 
 of which increases the heat of the parts to 
 which it is distributed. The term is applied 
 to the dilator nerves and to those stimulating 
 functional activity of organs. N.-cell, a 
 mass of protoplasm containing a large 
 vesicular nucleus within which lies a well- 
 marked nucleolus. Nerve-cells have one or 
 more elongated processes, and in accordance 
 with the number of these are designated 
 unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar. The proc- 
 esses are of two kinds: the axis-cylinder 
 process and the protoplasmic processes. The 
 axis-cylinder {Deiters 1 ) process either becomes 
 an axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber, or divides 
 within the gray matter into delicate filaments; 
 
NERVE 
 
 667 
 
 NERVE 
 
 it gives off minute branches termed collaterals; 
 the other processes are supposed to have 
 nutritive and conducting functions. N.- 
 center, a group, of ganglion-cells acting 
 together in the performance of a function. 
 N., Centrifugal. See TV., Efferent. N., 
 Centripetal. See TV., Afferent. N. -cor- 
 puscles, nucleated corpuscles lying between 
 the neurilemma and the medullary sheath 
 of medullated nerve-fibers. N., Cranial, a 
 nerve arising directly from the brain and 
 making its exit through one of the foramens 
 in the skull. N., Depressor, an afferent 
 nerve, irritation of which depresses or in- 
 hibits the vasomotor center. N., Efferent, 
 one carrying impulses from the central nervous 
 system to the periphery. N. -endings, the 
 terminations of nerves at the periphery or in 
 the nerve-centers. N., Esodic, an afferent 
 or centripetal nerve. N., Exodic, an efferent 
 or centrifugal nerve. N. of Expression, the 
 facial nerve. N. -fiber, a fiber having the 
 property of conducting invisible or molecular 
 waves of stimulation from one part of an 
 organism to another, and so establishing 
 physiologic continuity between such parts 
 without the necessary passage of waves 
 of contraction. There are two kinds of 
 nerve-fibers: the medullated, or myelinic, 
 and the nonmedullated, or amyelinic. A 
 typical medullated fiber consists of the axis- 
 cylinder, which may be surrounded by a 
 sheath, the axilemma; the medullary sheath, 
 or white substance of Schwann; the neuri- 
 lemma, or sheath of Schwann. The axis- 
 cylinder is made up of fine fibrils cemented 
 together by a granular interstitial substance, 
 the neuroplasm. The medullary sheath con- 
 sists of a reticulated framework composed of 
 a material resembling neurokeratin, and a 
 semifluid substance filling the interstices, 
 called myelin. At regular intervals the med- 
 ullated sheath is marked by interruptions — 
 the nodes of Ranvier. Each intemode, as 
 the portions of fiber included between two 
 Ranvier' s nodes are termed, possesses a 
 nerve-corpuscle. The neurilemma, sheath of 
 Schwann, or primitive sheath, is a delicate 
 elastic membrane, closely investing the 
 medullary substance. On its inner surface 
 are placed the nerve-corpuscles. The non- 
 medullated, pale, or Remak's fibers do not 
 possess a medullary sheath, but consist only 
 of axis-cylinder and neurilemma. The nerve- 
 corpuscles are more abundant than in medul- 
 lated nerve-fibers. Medullated nerve-fibers 
 are found in the cerebrospinal nerves, while 
 nonmedullated fibers occur in the sympathetic 
 nerves and tend to form plexuses. Nerve- 
 fibers are aggregated into fasciculi; these in 
 turn unite to form nerve-trunks. The nerve- 
 fibers in a fasciculus are held together by the 
 endoneurium; while each fasciculus is sur- 
 rounded by a sheath termed the perineurium. 
 The epineurium holds together the several 
 fasciculi composing a nerve -trunk. N., 
 Frigorific, a sympathetic nerve stimulation 
 
 of which causes a fall of temperature; the 
 vasoconstrictor nerves are frigorific nerves. 
 N. -grafting, the transplanting of a portion 
 of healthy nerve from an animal to man, to 
 reestablish the continuity of a divided nerve. 
 Syn., N euro plasty. N.-head, the optic disc 
 or papilla. N., Inhibitory, one the stimula- 
 tion of which inhibits or lessens the activity 
 of an organ. N., Motor, one containing only 
 or chiefly motor fibers. N.-papillas, papillas 
 of the skin containing tactile corpuscles, ner- 
 vous plexuses,, or Krause's corpuscles and some- 
 times blood-vessels. N. -plexus, a group- 
 ing of nerves. N., Pressor, an afferent nerve, 
 irritation of which stimulates the vasomotor 
 center. N. -process, the axis-cylinder process 
 of a neuron. N., Secretory, an efferent 
 nerve, stimulation of which causes increased 
 activity of the gland to which it is distributed. 
 N., Sensory. Same as TV., Afferent. N., 
 Spinal, one of those arising from the spinal 
 cord and making its exit through an inter- 
 vertebral foramen. There are 31 pairs of 
 spinal nerves. N. -storm, a sudden outburst 
 or paroxysm of nervous disturbance. N.- 
 stretching, mechanic elongation or tension 
 of a nerve for the relief of neuralgia, spas- 
 modic contraction, and other pathologic 
 conditions. N., Sympathetic, one of a 
 system of nerves distributed chiefly to the 
 blood-vessels and to the viscera. See Sym- 
 pathetic. N., Thermic. Same as TV., 
 Calorific. N.-tire, neurasthenia. N.-tree, 
 a neurodendrite. N., Trisplanchnic, the 
 system of sympathetic nerves. N., Trophic, 
 a nerve the function of which is to preside 
 over the nutrition of the part to which it is 
 distributed. N.-unit, a neuron. N., Vaso- 
 constrictor. See TV., Vasomotor. N., 
 Vasodilator. See TV., Vasomotor. N., 
 Vasomotor, any one of the nerves controlling 
 the caliber of the blood-vessels; they are of 
 two kinds — those stimulation of which causes 
 contraction of the vessels — vasoconstrictor 
 nerves — and those stimulation of which causes 
 active dilation — vasodilator nerves. Ordinar- 
 ily vasomotor is synonymous with vasocon- 
 strictor. Table of Nerves (Alphabetic) : 
 Abducens (Sixth Cranial), function, motion; 
 origin, fourth ventricle; distribution, external 
 rectus of eye. Accessorius. See Spinal Acces- 
 sory in this table. Acusticus, the auditory 
 nerve. Ambulatorius, the vagus. Am- 
 pullares, branches of the vestibular nerve 
 distributed to the ampullas of the semicircular 
 canals. Arnold's. See Auricular in this 
 table. Aschianus, the first cervical nerve. 
 Auditory (Eighth Cranial; Portio Mollis of 
 Seventh), function, hearing; origin, restiform 
 body; distribution, internal ear; branches, 
 vestibular, cochlear. Auricular, function, 
 sensation; origin, lesser occipital; distribu- 
 tion, integument of posterior and upper por- 
 tion of pinna. Auricular (Arnold's), func- 
 tion, sensation; origin, vagus; distribution, 
 external ear. Auricular (Anterior), func- 
 tion, sensation; origin inferior maxillary; 
 
NERVE 
 
 668 
 
 NERVE 
 
 distribution, integument of external ear. 
 Auricular (Posterior), function, motion; 
 origin, facial; distribution, retrahens aurem, 
 attollens aurem, occipitof rontalis ; branches, 
 
 mastoid, and auricular. Auricularis pro- 
 fundus, the posterior auricular nerve. Auri- 
 culotemporal, function, sensation; origin, 
 inferior maxillary; distribution, pinna and 
 
 Medullated fiber with Schwann's sheath. 
 
 6. Medullated fiber, with Schwann's sheath, c. Neuri- 
 lemma, t, T. Ranvier's nodes. B. White substance 
 of Schwann, d. Cells of the endoneurium. A. Axis- 
 cylinder. 
 
 
 Primitive fibril and axis-cylinder. Medullated varicose fiber. 
 
 Typical Nerve-structure. 
 
 auricular, occipital. Auricularis magnus, 
 
 function, sensation; origin, cervical plexus, 
 second and third cervical; distribution, 
 parotid gland, face, ear; branches, facial, 
 
 temple; branches, articular, two branches 
 to meatus, parotid, anterior auricular, super- 
 ficial temporal. Bell's Respiratory, the 
 long thoracic nerve. Bigeminus, Biradia- 
 
NERVE 
 
 669 
 
 NERVE 
 
 tus, the second sacral nerve. Buccal, 
 junction, motion; origin, facial; distribution, 
 buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles. 
 Buccal, Long, function, sensation, motion( ?); 
 origin, inferior maxillary; distribution, cheek; 
 branches, superior and inferior buccinator 
 and external pterygoid. Calcanean, Inter- 
 nal, junction, sensation; origin, posterior 
 tibial; distribution, fascia and integument 
 of heel and sole. Cardiac {Cervical and 
 Thoracic), junction, inhibition; origin, vagus; 
 distribution, heart; branches to cardiac 
 plexuses. Casser's. See Perforating and 
 Musculocutaneous in this table. Cervical, 
 First (Anterior Division), junction, motion 
 and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, 
 rectus lateralis and two anterior recti; 
 branches, filaments to vagus, hypoglossal, 
 sympathetic. Cervical, First (Posterior 
 Division), junction, motion and sensation; 
 origin, cord; distribution, recti, obliqui, com- 
 plexus; branches, communicating and cutane- 
 ous filaments. Cervical, Second (Anterior 
 Division), junction, motion and sensation; 
 origin, cord; distribution, communicating; 
 branches, ascending, descending, communi- 
 cating. Cervical, Second (Posterior Divi- 
 sion), junction, motion and sensation; origin, 
 cord; distribution, obliquus inferior, scalp, 
 ear, complexus, splenius, trachelomastoid; 
 branches, internal or occipitalis major, and 
 external. Cervical, Third (Anterior Di- 
 vision), junction, motion and sensation; 
 origin, cord; distribution, communicating; 
 branches, ascending, descending, and commu- 
 nicating filaments. Cervical, Third (Poste- 
 rior Division), junction, motion and sensa- 
 tion; origin, cord; distribution, occiput, sple- 
 nius, complexus; branches, internal and exter- 
 nal. Cervical, Fourth (Anterior Division), 
 junction, motion and sensation; origin, cord; 
 distribution, shoulder; branches, communicat- 
 ing filaments, muscular, etc. Cervicals, 
 Fifth to Eighth (Anterior Divisions), 
 junction, motion and sensation; origin, cord; 
 distribution, brachial plexus; branches, com- 
 municating. Cervicals, Fourth to Eighth 
 (Posterior Divisions), junction, motion 
 and sensation; origin, cord; distribution, mus- 
 cles and skin of neck; branches, internal 
 and external branches. Cervicofacial, junc- 
 tion, motion; origin, facial; distribution, 
 lower part of face and part of neck; 
 branches, buccal, supramaxillary, inframaxil- 
 lary. Chorda tympani, junction, motion; ori- 
 gin, facial; distribution, tongue, tympanum, 
 submaxillary gland. Ciliary, junction, sensa- 
 tion, nutrition, motion; origin, ciliary ganglion; 
 distribution, eyeball. Circumflex, junction, 
 motion and sensation; origin, brachial 
 plexus; distribution, teres minor, deltoid, 
 and skin; branches, anterior, posterior, and 
 articular. Coccygeal, junction, motion; 
 origin, coccygeal plexus; distribution, coccy- 
 geus and gluteus maximus/ Cochlear, 
 junction, hearing; origin, auditory; distribu- 
 tion, cochlea. Colli superficialis, junction, 
 
 sensation; origin, cervical plexus; distribu- 
 tion, platysma myoides and anterolateral 
 parts of neck; branches, ascending and de- 
 scending branches. Communicans noni, 
 junction, motion and sensation; origin, 
 second cervical, third cervical; distribution, 
 descendens noni, depressor muscles of hyoid 
 bone; branches, omohyoid, ansa hypoglossi. 
 Communicating, function, motion and sen- 
 sation; origin, cervical plexus; distribution, 
 spinal accessory. Communicating, func- 
 tion, sensation and motion; origin, first and 
 second cervical; distribution, vagus, hypo- 
 glossal, sympathetic. Of Cotunnius. See 
 Nasopalatine in this table. Crural, function, 
 sensation; origin, genitocrural ; distribution, 
 shin, upper and central part anterior aspect 
 of thigh. Crural, Anterior, function, motion 
 and sensation; origin, lumbar plexus, second, 
 third, and fourth lumbar nerves; distribu- 
 tion, thigh; branches, middle and internal 
 cutaneous, long saphenous, muscular, ar- 
 ticular. Cubitalis, the ulnar nerve. Cutane- 
 ous, function, sensation; origin, musculo- 
 spiral; distribution, skin of arm, radial side 
 of forearm; branches, one internal, two ex- 
 ternal. Cutaneous, function, sensation; 
 origin, ulnar; distribution, wrist and palm; 
 branches, first and palmar cutaneous. Cu- 
 taneous, Dorsal, function, sensation; origin, 
 ulnar; distribution, little and ring fingers; 
 branches, communicating. Cutaneous, Ex- 
 ternal, function, sensation; origin, second 
 and third lumbar; distribution, skin of 
 thigh; branches, anterior and posterior. 
 Cutaneous, Internal, function, sensation; 
 origin, brachial plexus; distribution, fore- 
 arm; branches, anterior and posterior 
 branches. Cutaneous, Lesser Internal 
 (of Wrisberg), function, sensation; origin, 
 brachial plexus; distribution, inner side of 
 arm. Cutaneous, Middle and Internal, 
 function, sensation, motion ( ?) ; origin, 
 anterior crural; distribution, skin of thigh; 
 branches, communicating. Cutaneous, Per- 
 forating, function, sensation; origin, fourth 
 sacral; distribution, integument covering 
 gluteus maximus. Cyon's. See Depressor 
 in this table. Dental, Inferior or Man- 
 dibular, function, sensation; origin, infe- 
 rior maxillary; distribution, teeth, muscles; 
 branches, mylohyoid, incisor, mental, dental. 
 Dentals, Anterior and Posterior, function, 
 sensation; origin, superior maxillary; dis- 
 tribution, teeth. Depressor, function, lower- 
 ing of the blood-pressure; origin, in the 
 rabbit, from the vagus; distribution, heart. 
 Descendens hypoglossi, function, motor; 
 origin, cervical plexus; distribution, omohy- 
 oid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, 
 geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and muscles of the 
 tongue; branches, muscular, lingual. De- 
 scendens noni. See Descendens hypoglossi in 
 this table. Digastric, function, motion; 
 origin, facial; distribution, posterior belly of 
 digastric. Dorsal, 12 (Anterior and Pos- 
 terior Divisions), function, motion and 
 
NERVE 
 
 670 
 
 NERVE 
 
 sensation; origin, cord; distribution, muscles 
 and skin of trunk; branches, external, in- 
 ternal, cutaneous. Dorsal (of Penis), sen- 
 
 excitor or vasodilator nerves of the 
 penis; derived from the first and second 
 and sometimes from the third sacral nerves. 
 
 Multipolar nerve-cell from the spinal cord. 
 z. Axis-cylinder process, y. Protoplasmic processes. 
 
 Remak's fibers. 
 Nerve-fibers treated with silver nitrate and showing Frommann's lines. 
 
 Transverse section of a nerve-fiber. 
 
 Peripheral ganglionic cell with a connective-tissue capsule. Ganglionic cell showing a spiral and a straight process. 
 
 Typical Nerve-structures. 
 
 sation; origin, pudic; distribution, penis. 
 Dorsospinal, the dorsal spinal nerves. 
 See Spinal in this table. Erigentes, 
 
 They have their origin in the sexual center 
 of the spinal cord. Esophageal, function, 
 motion; origin, vagus; distribution, mucous 
 
NERVE 
 
 671 
 
 NERVE 
 
 and muscular coats of esophagus; branches, 
 esophageal plexus. External Motor (of 
 the Eye). See Abducens in this table. 
 Facial, function, sensation; origin, great 
 auricular; distribution, skin over parotid- 
 Facial {Seventh Cranial, Portio Dura), 
 function, motion; origin, floor of fourth ven- 
 tricle; distribution, face, ear,' palate, tongue; 
 branches, petrosals, tympanic, chorda tympani, 
 communicating, posterior auricular, digastric, 
 stylohyoid, lingual, temporal, malar, infra- 
 orbital, buccal, superior and inferior maxillary. 
 Fourth, the trochlear nerve. Frontal, func- 
 tion, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; distri- 
 bution, forehead and eyelids; branches, 
 
 Gluteal, Inferior, function, motion; origin 
 sacral plexus (second and third sacral nerves) ; 
 distribution, gluteus maximus. Gluteal, Su- 
 perior, function, motion; origin, sacral plexus; 
 distribution, glutei, tensor vaginae femoris. 
 Gustatory. See Lingual in this table. 
 Hemorrhoidal, Inferior, function, sensa- 
 tion and motion; origin, pudic; distribution, 
 external sphincter ani and adjacent integu- 
 ment. Hepatic, function (?); origin, vagus; 
 distribution, liver; branches, hepatic plexus. 
 Hirschf eld's, function, motion; origin, facial; 
 distribution, styloglossus and palatoglossus. 
 Hypogastric, function, sensation; origin, 
 iliohypogastric; distribution, skin about ex- 
 
 Medisection of Brain. Points of Exit of Nerves. — (H olden.) 
 Falx cerebri. 2, 2. Its concave border, with the great longitudinal sinus. 3. Its concave border. 4, 4. Inferior 
 longitudinal sinus. 5. Base of falx cerebri. 6. Straight sinus. 7. Apex of falx cerebri. 8. Right half of the 
 tentorium, seen from below. 9. Right lateral sinus. 10. Superior petrosal sinus. 11. Inferior petrosal sinus. 
 12. Posterior occipital sinus. 13. Falx cerebelli. 14. Optic nerve. 15. Motor oculi. 16. Pathetic. 17. Tri- 
 geminus. 18. Abducens. 19. Facial and auditory nerves. 20. Glossopharyngeal, pneumogastric, and spinal 
 accessory nerves. 21. Hypoglossal nerve. 22. First cervical nerve. 23. Second cervical nerve. 24. Upper 
 extremity of ligamentum denticulatum. 
 
 supraorbital, supratrochlear. Furcal, the 
 fourth lumbar nerve. Gastric, function, 
 motion; origin, vagus; distribution, stomach. 
 Genital, function, motion and sensation; 
 origin, genitocrural ; distribution, cremaster 
 muscle. Genitocrural, function, motion and 
 sensation; origin, first and second lumbar; 
 distribution, cremaster and thigh; branches, 
 genital, crural, communicating. Glosso- 
 pharyngeal {Ninth Cranial), function, sen- 
 sation and taste; origin, fourth ventricle; dis- 
 tribution, tongue, middle ear, tonsils, phar- 
 ynx, meninges; branches, tympanic, carotid, 
 pharyngeal, muscular, tonsillar, lingual. 
 
 ternal abdominal ring. Hypoglossal {Twelfth 
 Cranial), function, motion; origin, floor of 
 fourth ventricle; distribution, hypoglossus 
 and hyoid muscles; branches, descendens 
 noni or hypoglossi, muscular, thyrohyoid, 
 geniohyoid, and meningeal. Iliac, function, 
 sensation; origin, iliohypogastric; distribu- 
 tion, integument covering fore part of gluteal 
 region. Iliac, function, sensation; origin, 
 last dorsal; distribution, integument covering 
 forepart of gluteal region. Iliohypogastric, 
 function, motion and sensation; origin, first 
 lumbar; distribution, abdominal and glutea 
 regions; branches, iliac, hypogastric, com- 
 
NERVE 
 
 672 
 
 NERVE 
 
 municating. Ilioinguinal, function, motion 
 and sensation; origin, first lumbar; distri- 
 bution, inguinal region and scrotum; branches, 
 muscular, cutaneous, and communicating. 
 Incisive, function, sensation; origin, inferior 
 dental; distribution, canine and incisor teeth 
 and corresponding portion of gums. Infra- 
 mandibular. See Inframaxillary in this 
 table. Inframaxillary, function, motion; 
 origin, facial; distribution, platysma myoides. 
 Infraorbital, function, sensation and motion; 
 origin, facial; distribution, nose and lip; 
 branches, palpebral, nasal, labial. Infra- 
 trochlear, function, sensation; origin, nasal; 
 distribution, skin and conjunctiva of inner 
 part of eye, lacrimal sac. Intercostal, 
 function, motion and sensation; origin, spinal 
 cord; distribution, muscles and integument 
 of thorax; branches, muscular, anterior and 
 lateral cutaneous. Intercostohumeral, func- 
 tion, sensation; origin, second intercostal; 
 'distribution, integument of upper two-thirds 
 
 cle and thyroid gland; internal — mucous 
 membrane of larynx. Lingual, function, mo- 
 tion and sensation; origin, facial; distribution, 
 mucous membrane of tongue, palatoglossus 
 and styloglossus muscles. Lingual, function, 
 sensation; origin, glossopharyngeal; distribu- 
 tion, circumvallate papillas and glands of 
 tongue. Lingual, function, taste and sensa- 
 tion; origin, inferior maxillary; distribution, 
 tongue and mouth. Lumbar (5), function, 
 motion and sensation; origin, cord; distribu- 
 tion, lumbar and genital regions; branches, an- 
 terior and posterior divisions, lumbar plexus. 
 Malar, fanction, motion; origin, facial; distri- 
 bution, lower part of orbicularis palpebrarum 
 and eyelids. Malar, function, sensation; 
 origin, orbital; distribution, skin over malar 
 bone. Mandibular. See Maxillary, Inferior, 
 in this table. Masseteric, function, motor; or- 
 igin, inferior maxillary ; distribution, masseter 
 muscle (and temporal?). Masticatorius, 
 Masticatory, originates chiefly in the motor 
 
 Corpora quadrigemina. 
 
 Eminentia teres. 
 
 Striae acoustics. 
 
 Ala cinerea. 
 
 Calamus scriptorius. 
 
 Nucleus of third. 
 Nucleus of fourth. 
 
 Motor nucleus of fifth. 
 Sensory nucleus of fifth. 
 Nucleus of sixth. 
 Nucleus of facial. 
 Principal nucleus of auditory. 
 Nucleus of glossopharyngeal. 
 Nucleus of vagus. 
 Nucleus of spinal accessory. 
 
 Nucleus of hypoglossal. 
 
 Diagram of Fourth Ventricle of. Brain and Adjacent Parts, as Seen from Dorsal Aspect, to Show Positions 
 
 of Nerve-nuclei. — (Ajlcr Erb.) 
 
 of inner and posterior part of arm. Interos- 
 seous, Anterior, function, motion; origin, 
 median; distribution, deep muscles of fore- 
 arm. Interosseous, Posterior, function, 
 motion and sensation; origin, musculospiral ; 
 distribution, carpus and radial and posterior 
 brachial regions. Ischiadic, the great 
 sciatic nerve. Jacobson's. See Tympanic 
 (Jacobson's Nerve) in this table. Labial, 
 function, motion and sensation; origin, 
 superior maxillary; distribution, muscles and 
 mucous membrane of lips. Lacrimal, func- 
 tion, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; distribu- 
 tion, lacrimal gland and conjunctiva. Of 
 Lancisi, longitudinal striations on upper 
 surface of corpus callosum. Laryngeal, 
 Recurrent or Inferior, function, motion; 
 origin, vagus; distribution, larynx; branches, 
 to all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid. 
 Laryngeal, Superior, function, sensation 
 and motion; origin, vagus; distribution, 
 larynx; branches, external — cricothyroid mus- 
 
 nucleus in the pons, but receives an accession of 
 fibers from a nucleus lying beneath and lateral 
 to the mesocele. It innervates the muscles of 
 mastication. Mastoid, function, sensation; 
 origin, great auricular; distribution, skin over 
 mastoid process. Mastoid, function, motion; 
 origin, lesser occipital; distribution, skin over 
 mastoid process. Maxillary, Inferior, func- 
 tion, sensation, motion, and taste; origin, 
 trigeminus; distribution, muscles of mastica- 
 tion, ear, cheek, tongue, teeth; branches, 
 masseteric, auriculotemporal, buccal, gusta- 
 tory, inferior dental. Maxillary, Superior, 
 function, sensation'; origin, trigeminus; dis- 
 tribution, cheek, face, teeth; branches, orbital, 
 sphenopalatine, dentals, infraorbital. Me- 
 dian, function, motion and sensation; origin, 
 brachial plexus; distribution, pronator radii 
 teres, flexors, two lumbricales, fingers, palm; 
 branches, muscular, anterior interosseous, 
 palmar cutaneous. Meningeal, function, 
 sensation; origin, glossopharyngeal; distri- 
 
NERVE 
 
 673 
 
 NERVE 
 
 button, pia and arachnoid. Meningeal, 
 function, sensation; origin, hypoglossal; dis- 
 tribution, dura mater. Meningeal, function, 
 sensation; origin, vagus; distribution, dura 
 mater around lateral sinus. Meningeal, 
 Recurrent, function, sensation; origin, in- 
 ferior maxillary; distribution, dura mater and 
 mastoid cells. Mental, function, motion and 
 sensation; origin, inferior maxillary; dis- 
 tribution, mucous membrane of lower lip and 
 chin. Motor oculi {Third Cranial), func- 
 tion, motion; origin, floor of aqueduct of 
 Sylvius; distribution, all muscles of the eye 
 
 back of hand; branches, musculocutaneous, 
 radial, posterior interosseous. Mylohyoid, 
 function, motion; origin, inferior maxillary; 
 distribution, mylohyoid and digastric muscles. 
 Nasal, function, sensation; origin, dental, 
 anterior; distribution, mucous membrane of 
 inferior meatus. Nasal, function, sensation; 
 origin, maxillary, superior; distribution, in- 
 tegument of lateral aspect of nose. Nasal, 
 function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; dis- 
 tribution, iris, ciliary ganglion, nose; branches, 
 ganglionic, ciliary, infratrochlear. Nasal, 
 Inferior, function, sensation; origin, ante- 
 
 Superior or Cervical Segment of Middle or Dorsal Portion Inferior Portion of Cord and 
 
 Spinal Cord. — (Holden.) of Cord. — (Holden.) Cauda Equina. — (Holden.) 
 
 i. Floor of fourth ventricle. 2. Superior cerebellar peduncle. 3. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 4. Inferior cerebellar 
 
 peduncle. 5. Enlargement at upper extremity of posteromedian column. 6. Glossopharyngeal nerve. 7. Vagus. 
 
 8. Spinal accessory. 9, 9, 9, 9. Ligamentum denticulatum. io, 10, 10, 10. Posterior roots of spinal nerves. 
 
 11, 11, ti. 11. Posterolateral fissure. 12, 12, 12, 12. Ganglions of posterior roots. 13, 13. Anterior roots. 14. 
 
 Division of united roots into anterior and posterior nerves. 15. Terminal extremity of cord. 16, 16. Filum ter- 
 
 minale.. 17,17. Cauda equina. I, VIII. Cervical nerves. I, XII. Dorsal nerves. I, V. Lumbar nerves. I, V. 
 
 Sacral nerves. 
 
 except external rectus, superior oblique, and 
 orbicularis palpebrarum. Musculocutane- 
 ous (of Casser), function, motion and sensa- 
 tion; origin, brachial plexus; distribution, 
 coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis anticus, 
 forearm; branches, anterior and posterior. 
 Musculocutaneous, function, motion and 
 sensation; origin, external popliteal; dis- 
 tribution, muscles of fibular side of leg, skin 
 of dorsum of foot; branches, internal, exter- 
 nal. Musculospiral, function, motion and 
 sensation; origin, brachial plexus; distri- 
 bution, back of arm and forearm, skin of 
 44 
 
 rior palatine; distribution, mucous membrane 
 of nose. Nasal, Superior, function, sensa- 
 tion; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution, 
 mucous membrane of nose and posterior 
 ethmoid cells. Nasopalatine, function, sen- 
 sation; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribu- 
 tion, nasal septum. Obturator, function, 
 motion and sensation; origin, lumbar plexus, 
 third and fourth nerves; distribution, obtura- 
 tor externus, adductors, hip-joint, and skin; 
 branches, anterior and posterior articular 
 and communicating. Obturator, Accessory, 
 function, motion and sensation; origin, 
 
NERVE 
 
 674 
 
 NERVE 
 
 lumbar plexus; distribution, pectineus and 
 hip-joint. Occipital {Smallest or Third), 
 function, sensation; origin, third cervical; 
 distribution, integument of occiput. Occipi- 
 talis magnus, junction, motion and sensa- 
 tion; origin, second cervical; distribution, 
 complexus, trapezius, and scalp. Occipitalis 
 
 Ophthalmic, function, sensation; origin, 
 trigeminus; distribution, forehead, eyes, nose; 
 branches, frontal, lacrimal, nasal. Optic 
 {Second Cranial), function, sight; origin, 
 cortical center in occipital lobe; distribution, 
 retina. Orbital, function, sensation; origin, 
 Meckel's ganglion; distribution, mucosa of 
 
 Brachial Portion of Musculocutaneous, Median, Terminal Portion of Median Nerve and of Ulnar 
 and Ulnar Nerves. — {Holden.) Nerve. — (Holden.) 
 
 i. Musculocutaneous nerve. 2. Branch to coracobrachialis. 3. Branch to biceps. 4. Branch to brachialis anticus. 
 5. Anastomotic branch from median. 6. Division of musculocutaneous. 7. Radial nerve. 8. Its external cutane- 
 ous branch. 9. Internal cutaneous. 10. Its anterior or ulnar branch. 11. Upper portion of median and ulnar 
 nerves. 12. Their middle portion. 13. Branch to pronator radii teres. 14. Trunk giving rise to anterior muscular 
 branches. 15. Branches to flexor profundus digitorum. 16. Branch to flexor longus proprius pollicis. 17. Inter- 
 osseous branches. 18. Palmar cutaneous branch. 19. Branch for muscles of thenar eminence. 20. External 
 collateral branch to thumb. 21. Internal collateral branch. 22. External collateral branch to index-finger. 23. 
 Common trunk of internal collateral branch to index-finger and external collateral branch to middle finger. 24. 
 Trunk of internal collateral to middle finger and external collateral branch to ring-finger. 25. Branch of ulnar 
 nerve to flexor carpi ulnaris. 26. Branches to two inner fasciculi of flexor profundus digitorum. 27. Cutaneous 
 and anastomotic filament. 28. Dorsal branch. 29. Superficial palmar branch. 30. Common trunk of internal 
 collateral branch to ring-finger and external collateral branch to little finger. 31. Internal collateral branch to 
 little finger. 32. Deep palmar branch. 33. Branch of the latter to hypothenar muscles. 34. Branches to muscles 
 of fourth interosseous and to fourth lumbricalis. 35. Branches to muscles of third interosseous space and to third 
 lumbricalis. 36. Branches to the adductor of the thumb and to the muscles of the first two interosseous spaces. 
 
 minor, function, sensation ; origin, second cer- 
 vical; distribution, occipitofrontalis, ear", etc.; 
 branches, communicating, auricular. Oculo- 
 motor. See Motor oculi in this table. Olfac- 
 tory {First Cranial), function, smell; origin, 
 frontal lobe, optic thalamus, island of Reil; 
 distribution, schneiderian membrane of nose. 
 
 posterior ethmoid cells and sphenoid sinus. 
 Orbital, function, sensation; origin, superior 
 maxillary; distribution, temple and cheek; 
 branches, temporal and malar. Palatine, 
 Anterior or Great, function, sensation; 
 origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution, hard 
 palate, gums, and nose; branches, two inferior 
 
NERVE 
 
 675 
 
 NERVE 
 
 nasal. Palatine, External, function, sensa- 
 tion; origin, Meckel's ganglion; distribution, 
 tonsil and soft palate. Palatine, Posterior 
 
 or Small, function, motor; origin, Meckel's 
 ganglion; distribution, levator palati and 
 azygos uvulae. Palmar Cutaneous, func- 
 tion, sensation; origin, median; distribution, 
 thumb and palm. Palmar, Deep, function, 
 motion; origin, ulnar; distribution, little 
 finger, dorsal and palmar interosseous, two 
 inner lumbricales, abductor pollicis. Palmar, 
 Superficial, function, sensation and motion; 
 origin, ulnar; distribution, palmaris brevis, 
 inner side of hand, and little finger. Palpe- 
 bral, function, motor; origin, superior 
 maxillary; distribution, integument of lower 
 lid. Parotid, function, sensation; origin, 
 auriculotemporal; distribution, parotid gland. 
 Patellar, function, sensation; origin, long 
 saphenous; distribution, integument over 
 patella and plexus patellae. Patheticus 
 {Fourth Cranial), function, motion; origin, 
 valve of Vieussens; distribution, superior 
 oblique of eye. Pectineus, function, motion; 
 origin, anterior crural; distribution, pectineus 
 muscle. Perforating (of Casser). See Mus- 
 culocutaneous in this table. Perineal, func- 
 tion, motion and sensation; origin, pudic; 
 distribution, perineum, genitalia, and skin 
 of perineal region; branches, cutaneous and 
 muscular. Perineal, function, motion and 
 sensation; origin, fourth sacral; distribution, 
 external sphincter ani and integument of anus. 
 Peroneal, the external popliteal nerve. 
 Peroneal, Communicating, a branch of 
 the external popliteal, generally uniting with 
 the short saphenous nerve, but at times it 
 extends down the leg to the heel. Petrosals, 
 function, motion; origin, facial; distribution, 
 ganglions and plexus; branches, great, small, 
 external to Meckel's ganglion, otic ganglion, 
 and meningeal plexus, respectively. Pharyn- 
 geal, function, motion and sensation; origin, 
 glossopharyngeal; distribution, pharynx; en- 
 ters into formation of pharyngeal plexus. 
 Pharyngeal, function, sensation; origin, 
 Meckel's ganglion; distribution, upper part 
 of pharynx, posterior nares, and sphenoid 
 sinus. Pharyngeal, function, motion; ori- 
 gin, vagus; distribution, pharynx; branches, 
 pharyngeal plexus, muscles, and mucosa. 
 Pharyngeal, function, sensation; origin, 
 sympathetic; distribution, pharynx; helps 
 to form the pharyngeal plexus. Phrenic, 
 function, motion and sensation; origin, third, 
 fourth, and fifth cervical; distribution, 
 diaphragm, pericardium, pleura. Plantar, 
 External, function, motion and sensation; 
 origin, posterior tibial; distribution, little toe 
 and deep muscles of foot; branches, super- 
 ficial and deep. Plantar, Internal, function, 
 sensation and motion; origin, posterior 
 tibial; distribution, sole of foot, adductor 
 pollicis, flexor brevis digitorum, toes; branches, 
 cutaneous, muscular, articular, digital. Pneu- 
 mogastric [Tenth Cranial, Par Vagum, 
 or Vagus), function, sensation and motion; 
 
 origin, floor of fourth ventricle; distribution, 
 ear, pharynx, larynx, heart, lungs, esophagus, 
 stomach; branches, auricular, pharyngeal, 
 superior and inferior laryngeal, recurrent 
 laryngeal, cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal, 
 gastric, hepatic, communicating, meningeal. 
 Popliteal, External, function, sensation and 
 motion; origin, great sciatic; distribution, 
 extensors of foot, skin, and fascia; branches, 
 anterior tibial, musculocutaneous, articular, 
 cutaneous. Popliteal, Internal, function, 
 motion and sensation; origin, great sciatic; 
 distribution, knee, gastrocnemius, tibialis 
 posticus, plantaris, soleus, popliteus, skin of 
 foot; branches, articular, muscular, cutaneous, 
 external saphenous, plantar. Pterygoid, 
 External, function, motion; origin, inferior 
 maxillary; distribution, external pterygoid 
 muscle. Pterygoid, Internal, function, 
 motion; origin, inferior maxillary; distribu- 
 tion, internal pterygoid muscle. Pudendal, 
 Inferior, a branch of the small sciatic nerve 
 distributed to the front and external part of 
 the scrotum and perineum. Pudendal, Long 
 {Nerve of Soemmering), function, sensation; 
 origin, small sciatic; distribution, integument 
 of genitalia and inner and proximal part of 
 thigh. Pudic, function, motion and sen- 
 sation; origin, sacral plexus; distribution, 
 perineum, anus, genitalia; branches, inferior 
 hemorrhoidal, perineal, cutaneous, dorsal of 
 penis. Pulmonary, Anterior and Pos- 
 terior, function (?); origin, vagus; dis- 
 tribution, lungs; branches to pulmonary 
 plexuses. Radial, function, sensation; or- 
 igin, musculospiral; distribution, skin of 
 radial side and ball of thumb; skin on pos- 
 terior surface of ulnar side of thumb; skin 
 of index-fingers, middle finger, and radial 
 side of ring-finger; branches, external and 
 internal. Renal, branches of the renal plexus 
 following the distribution of the renal artery. 
 Sacral (5), function, motion and sensation; 
 origin, cord; distribution, multifidus spinae, 
 skin of gluteal region; branches to sacral 
 plexus. Saphenous, External or Short, 
 function, sensation; origin, internal popliteal; 
 distribution, integument of foot and little toe. 
 Saphenous, Long or Internal, function, 
 sensation; origin, anterior crural; distri- 
 bution, knee, ankle; branches, cutaneous, 
 patellar, communicating. Sappey's, the 
 mylohyoid nerve. Of Scarpa. See Naso- 
 palatine in this table. Sciatic, Great, func- 
 tion, motion and sensation; origin, sacral 
 plexus; distribution, skin of leg, muscles 
 of back of thigh, and those of leg and 
 foot; branches, articular, muscular, popliteal. 
 Sciatic, Small, function, sensation and 
 motion; origin, sacral plexus; distribution, 
 perineum, back of thigh and leg, gluteus 
 maximus; branches, muscular, cutaneous, 
 long pudendal. Second Cranial, the optic 
 nerve. Seventh Cranial. See Facial in this 
 table. Sixth Cranial. See Abducens in 
 this table. Sixth Sacral, the coccygeal nerve. 
 Of Soemmering. See Pudendal, Long, 
 
NERVE 
 
 676 
 
 in this table. Sphenopalatine, function, 
 sensation; origin, superior maxillary; dis- 
 tribution, Meckel's ganglion. Spinal, 
 function, motion and sensation; origin, 
 spinal cord; distribution, trunk- There are 
 
 Terminal Branches of the Radial Nerve. — (Holden.) 
 i. Trunk of radial nerve. 2. Branch to supinator 
 longus. 3. Branch to extensor carpi radialis 
 longior. 4. Branch to extensor carpi radialis 
 brevior. 5. Bifurcation. 6. Posterior or mus- 
 cular division. 7. This division traversing the 
 supinator brevis, to which it furnishes several 
 branches. 8. Its terminal branches. 9, 9. Anterior 
 or cutaneous division. 10. Terminal branches of 
 this division. 11. Musculocutaneous nerve. 12, 
 12, 12. Its terminal branches. 13. One of its 
 branches descending to the wrist and anastomosing 
 with the cutaneous branch of the radial. 
 
 31 on each side: 1 coccygeal, 8 cervical, 12 dor- 
 sal, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral. Spinal Accessory 
 (Eleventh Cranial), function, motion; origin, 
 floor of fourth ventricle; distribution, ster- 
 nomastoid, trapezius. Spiral. See Mus- 
 
 NERVE 
 
 culospiral in this table. Spiralis, the radial 
 nerve. Splanchnic, Great, function, sympa- 
 thetic; origin, thoracic ganglions; distri- 
 bution, semilunar ganglion, renal and supra- 
 renal plexuses. Splanchnic, Lesser, func- 
 
 _22 
 
 Muscular Nerves of the Anterointernal Aspect of 
 the Thigh. — {Holden.) 
 1. Anterior crural nerve. 2. Branches to iliacus 
 muscle. 3. Branch to inner part of psoas. 4. 
 Large cutaneous branch. 5, 6. Muscular fila- 
 ments of small musculocutaneous branch. 7. 
 Cutaneous branches. 8. Deep or anastomotic 
 filament of internal cutaneous branch. 9. Branches 
 to rectus femoris. 10. Branches to vastus externus. 
 n, 11. Branches to vastus internus. 12, 12. 
 Internal saphenous nerve. 13 Its patellar branch. 
 14. Vertical or tibial branch. 15. Obturator nerve. 
 16. Branch to adductor longus. 17. Branch to 
 adductor brevis. 18. Branch to gracilis. 19. 
 Branch to adductor magnus. 20. Lumbosacral 
 trunk. 21. Union of this trunk and the first sac- 
 ral nerve. 22, 22. Lumbar and sacral portions 
 of sympathetic. 23. External inguinocutaneous 
 branch. 
 
 Hon, sympathetic; origin, tenth and eleventh 
 thoracic ganglions, great splanchnic; dis- 
 tribution, celiac plexus and great splanchnic. 
 Splanchnic, Renal or Smallest," function, 
 sympathetic; origin, last thoracic ganglion; 
 
NERVE 
 
 677 
 
 NERVE 
 
 distribution, renal and celiac plexuses. Stape- 
 dial, function, motion; origin, facial; dis- 
 tribution, stapedius muscle. Sternal, de- 
 scending cutaneous divisions of the third 
 and fourth cervical nerves. Stylohyoid, 
 function, motion; origin, facial; distribution, 
 stylohyoid muscle. Subclavian, a branch 
 of the brachial plexus which supplies the 
 subclavius muscle. Subcostal, the inter- 
 costal nerve. Sublingual, a division of the 
 lingual nerve distributed to the sublingual 
 gland. Submaxillary, the inframaxillary 
 nerve. Suboccipital, the anterior division 
 of the first cervical nerve. Subscapular, 
 function, motion; origin, brachial plexus; 
 distribution, subscapular, teres major, and 
 latissimus dorsi. Supraacromial, function, 
 sensation; origin, cervical plexus; distri- 
 bution, skin over deltoid. Supraclavicular, 
 Descending, function, sensation; origin, 
 third and fourth cervical; distribution, skin 
 of neck, breast, and shoulder; branches, 
 sternal, clavicular, acromial. Supragluteal, 
 the superior gluteal nerve. Supramandib- 
 ular. See Maxillary, Superior, in this 
 table. Supramaxillary. See Maxillary, 
 Superior, in this table. Supraorbital, 
 function, sensation; origin, ophthalmic; dis- 
 tribution, upper lid, forehead ; branches, 
 muscular, cutaneous, and pericranial. Supra- 
 pubic, the genitocrural nerve. Suprascapu- 
 lar, function, motion and sensation; origin, 
 brachial plexus; distribution, scapular mus- 
 cles. Suprasternal, function, sensation; 
 origin, cervical plexus; distribution, integu- 
 ment over upper part of sternum. Supra- 
 trochlear, function, sensation; origin, oph- 
 thalmic; distribution, forehead and upper 
 eyelid; branches, muscular and cutane- 
 ous. Sympathetic. See under Sympa- 
 thetic. Temporal, function, motion; origin, 
 inferior maxillary; distribution, temporal 
 muscle. Temporal, function, sensation; 
 origin, orbital; distribution, integument over 
 temporal muscle. Temporal, function, mo- 
 tion; origin, temporofacial; distribution, 
 orbicularis palpebrarum, occipitofrontalis, 
 attrahens and attollens aurem, corrugator 
 supercilii; branches, muscular. Temporal, 
 Superficial, function, sensation; origin, 
 auriculotemporal ; distribution, integument 
 over temporal fascia. Temporofacial, func- 
 tion, motion; origin, facial; distribution, 
 upper part of face; branches, temporal, 
 malar, infraorbital. Temporomalar. See 
 Orbital in this table. Tenth Cranial, the 
 vagus nerve. Third Cranial, the motor 
 oculi. Thoracic, Anterior and Exterior, 
 function, motion; origin, brachial plexus; dis- 
 tribution, pectoralis major and minor. Thor- 
 acic, Posterior or Long {External Respira- 
 tory Nerve of Bell), function, motion; origin, 
 brachial plexus; distribution, serratus magnus. 
 Thoracic, Spinal, function, motion, and sen- 
 sation; origin, cord; distribution, muscles 
 and skin of thorax. Thyroid, branches 
 of the middle cervical ganglion distri- 
 
 buted to the thyroid. Tibial, Anterior, 
 
 function, motion and sensation; origin, 
 external popliteal; distribution, tibialis anti- 
 cus, extensor longus digitorum, peroneus 
 tertius, joints of foot, skin of great toe; 
 branches, muscular, external, internal. Tibial, 
 
 External Popliteal or Peroneal Nerve. — (H olden.) 
 i. External popliteal nerve. 2. Fibular cutaneous 
 branch. 3. Communicans peronei. 4. External 
 saphenous nerve. 5. Trunk formed by the union 
 of the last two. 6. Calcanean branches. 7. 
 External terminal branch. 8. Internal branch. 
 9, 9. Muscu]ocutaneous nerve. 10, 10. Its terminal 
 branches. 11. Anastomosis of its external terminal 
 branch with internal saphenous. 12. Anastomosis 
 of internal terminal branch with external. 13. 
 Anterior tibial nerve. 14. Its terminal portion, 
 anastomosing with the musculocutaneous and 
 dividing to form the deep dorsal internal collateral 
 branch to the great toe and the external collateral 
 branch to the second toe. 
 
 Posterior, function, motion and sensation; 
 origin, internal popliteal; distribution, tibialis 
 posticus, flexor longus digitorum, flexor longus 
 pollicis, skin of heel and sole, knee-joint; 
 branches, plantar, muscular, calcaneoplantar, 
 cutaneous or internal calcanean, articular. 
 Tonsillar, function sensation; origin, glos- 
 
NERVE 
 
 678 
 
 NETTLESHIP'S DOTS 
 
 sopharyngeal; distribution, tonsil, soft palate, 
 and fauces. Trigeminus, Trifacial {Fifth 
 Cranial), function, motion and sensation 
 (taste); origin, floor of fourth ventricle; 
 distribution, skin and structures of face, 
 tongue, and teeth; branches, ophthalmic, 
 superior and inferior maxillary. Trochlear. 
 
 r>\ T *§ 
 
 12.' J ' " 
 
 Great Sciatic Nerve. — (Holden.) 
 I. Superior gluteal nerve. 2. Inferior gluteal or small 
 sciatic nerve. 3, 3, 3. Branches to gluteus maximus. 
 4. Branch to pyriformis. 5. Genital branch of 
 small sciatic. 6. Femoropopliteal branch. 7, 7. 
 Trunk of great sciatic. S. Branch to long head of 
 biceps. ' 9. Branch to short head. 10, 10. 
 Branches to semitendinosus. 11, 11. Branches 
 to semimembranosus. 12, 12. Branches to ad- 
 ductor magnus. 13. External popliteal. 14. In- 
 ternal popliteal. 15. Filament to plantaris. 16, 
 16. Branches to gastrocnemius. 17. Origin of 
 external saphenous. 
 
 See Patheticus in this table. Twelfth Cranial, 
 the hypoglossal nerve. Tympanic, function, 
 motion; origin, facial; distribution, stapedius 
 and laxator tympani muscles. Tympanic, 
 function, sensation; origin, sympathetic; distri- 
 bution, tympanum. Tympanic (J acobsorf s 
 Nerve), function, motion; origin, glossophar- 
 
 yngeal; distribution, tympanum; branches, 
 tympanic plexus and communicating. Tym- 
 panichordal. See Chorda tympani in this 
 table. Ulnar, function, motion and sensation; 
 origin, brachial plexus; distribution, muscles, 
 shoulder-joint and wrist -joint, and skin of little 
 finger; branches, articular, muscular, palmar 
 cutaneous, dorsal, superior palmar, deep 
 palmar. Vagus. See Pneumogastric in this 
 table. Vestibular, function, sensation; 
 origin, auditory; distribution, utricle and 
 ampullas of the semicircular canals. Vidian, 
 function, sensation; origin, union of large 
 superficial and deep petrosal; distribution, 
 sphenomaxillary fossa and posterior part of 
 upper nasal meatus. Of Willis. See Spinal 
 Accessory in this table. Wrisberg's. See 
 Cutaneous, Lesser Internal, in this table. 
 
 Nervi {ner'-vi) [L.]. Plural of nervus, a nerve. 
 N. nervorum, the small nerves distributed to 
 the nerve-sheaths. 
 
 Nervimotility {ner-vi-mo-tiV -it-e). Capability 
 of nerve motion. 
 
 Nervitone (ner'-vit-on). A proprietary remedy 
 said to be a mixture of iron, phosphorus, 
 asafetida, sumbul, and nux vomica. 
 
 Nervine {ner'-vin). 1. Acting upon the nerves. 
 2. A remedy that calms nervous excitement or 
 acts favorably on nervous diseases. 
 
 Nervosine (ner'-vo-sen). A remedy for hysteria 
 said to consist of reduced iron 0.025 %, with 
 valerian, orange-peel, angelica, and licorice 
 extract. 
 
 Nervosity {ner-vos'-it-e). Excessive nervous- 
 ness. 
 
 Nervotabes, Peripheral {ner-vo-ta'-bez). A 
 disturbance of an intact -spinal cord, present- 
 ing clinically the appearance of tabes; due 
 to parenchymatous neuritis of the cutaneous 
 nerves. 
 
 Nervous {ner'-vus) [nerve]. 1. Pertaining to or 
 composed of nerves or nerve-structures. 2. 
 Characterized by excessive irritability of the 
 nervous system. N. Fluid, a hypothetic fluid 
 supposed to traverse the nerves from the 
 nerve-centers to the periphery. 
 
 Nervousness (ner'-vus-nes) [nervous]. A condi- 
 tion of excessive excitability of the nervous 
 system, characterized by great mental and 
 physical unrest. 
 
 Nessler's Reagent. A solution of potassium 
 iodid, mercury bichlorid, and sodium hy- 
 droxid used in estimating the amount of am- 
 monia in water. 
 
 Nest [ME.]. An abode, as of eggs, insects, etc. 
 N.s, Brunn's Epithelial, branched or solid 
 groups of flat epithelial cells occurring in 
 all normal ureters. N., Cell-, an aggregation 
 or cluster of cells, as in carcinoma. 
 
 Nestiatria {nes-te-a' -tre-ah) [vrjoreta, a _ fast; 
 eaxpeca, treatment]. Treatment by fasting; 
 the hunger-cure. 
 
 Nestitherapy {nes-ti-ther'-a-pe). See Nestia- 
 tria. 
 
 Nettlerash. See Urticaria. 
 
 Nettleship's Dots. Minute white dots scat- 
 tered in considerable numbers between the 
 
NEU 
 
 679 
 
 NEURATROPHIA 
 
 macula and periphery of the retina; they are 
 associated with pigment changes and night- 
 blindness, and occur in several members of 
 the same family. 
 
 Neu (nu). See Neurilemma. 
 
 Neubauer's Artery. The deep thyroid artery; 
 an occasional branch of the innominate artery, 
 distributed to the same parts as the inferior 
 thyroid, and often taking its place. N.'s 
 Ganglion, the large ganglion formed by the 
 union of the lower cervical and first thoracic 
 ganglion. 
 
 Neuber's Method. A method of treating joint 
 and bone tuberculosis: an incision is made 
 and all fragments and tubercular foci are re- 
 moved and the cavity filled with an emulsion 
 of iodoform and glycerol of 10 % strength. It 
 is then sewed up with buried sutures without 
 drainage. 
 
 Neumann's Corpuscles. Nucleated red cor- 
 puscles, sometimes found in the blood when 
 an active regenerative process is going on, 
 as after hemorrhage. N.'s Crystals. See 
 Crystals, Charcot's. N.'s Disease, pem- 
 phigus vegetans. N.'s Phenylhydrazin Test, 
 consists in the use of a solution of sodium ace- 
 tate in acetic acid of 50 to 75 % strength or in 
 glacial acetic acid. A special test-tube is em- 
 ployed, the urine is introduced, the solution 
 and two or three drops of pure phenylhydrazin 
 are added, and the whole boiled down, cooled 
 rapidly in running water, boiled one minute 
 more, and cooled. In the presence of sugar, 
 phenylhydrazin crystals appear. N.'s Sheaths, 
 the dentinal sheaths that form the walls of 
 the dentinal tubules. 
 
 Neura (nu'-rah). Synonym of Neuron. 
 
 Neurad (nu'-rad) [neural; ad, to]. Toward the 
 neural aspect or axis. 
 
 Neuradynamia (nu-rah-din-a' -me-ah). See 
 Neurasthenia. 
 
 Neuragmia (nu-rag' '-me-ah) [neuron; dypLoc, a 
 breaking]. The bruising or tearing of a nerve- 
 trunk above or below its ganglion for the pur- 
 pose of studying the trophic changes that 
 follow. 
 
 Neural (nu'-ral) [neuron]. Pertaining to nerves 
 or nervous tissue. N. Arch, the part of the 
 vertebra that incloses the spinal cord, formed 
 by the two neurapophyses. N. Axis, the 
 spinal cord. N. Canal. 1. The dorsal tube 
 of the embryo, formed by the union of the 
 dorsal folds, and constituting the earliest 
 traces of the nervous system. 2. The bony 
 canal comprising the cavity of the cranium 
 and vertebral column, which in the verte- 
 brate animals contains the central nervous 
 system. It is situated dorsad, the hemal 
 canal, inclosing the heart, etc., being ventrad. 
 See Canal, Hemal. N. Groove, the medul- 
 lary groove. N. Lamina, the lateral portion 
 of the neural arch of a vertebra. 
 
 Neuralgia (nu-raV-je-ah) [neuron; al-foc, pain]. 
 Severe paroxysmal pain along the course of 
 a nerve and not associated with demonstrable 
 structural changes in the nerve. According to 
 their anatomic situation, the following forms 
 
 of neuralgia are described: trigeminal neu- 
 ralgia, tic douloureux, or prosopalgia; supra- 
 orbital neuralgia; cervico occipital neuralgia; 
 cervicobrachial and brachial neuralgia; inter- 
 costal neuralgia, sciatica or ischialgia; coccy- 
 godynia; visceral neuralgia (as hepatic, gas- 
 tric, intestinal, uterine, ovarian neuralgia). 
 According to their causes, neuralgias are 
 classed as anemic, malarial, gouty, rheu- 
 matic, syphilitic, diabetic, toxic (e. g., alco- 
 holic, saturnine), hysteric, and reflex. The 
 pain of neuralgia is sharp, stabbing, and 
 paroxysmal, lasting usually but a short time; 
 tenderness is often present at the points of 
 exit of the nerve (points douloureux). Inter- 
 costal neuralgia is at times associated with 
 herpes zoster. 
 
 Neuralgic (nu-ral'-jik) [neuralgia]. Pertaining 
 to, or affected with, neuralgia. 
 
 Neuralgin (nu-ral' -jin) . A proprietary antipy- 
 retic said to consist of a mixture of antifebrin, 
 sodium salicylate, and caffein. Dose 8-45 gr. 
 
 • (o-5-3-° Gm.). 
 
 Neuranagenesis (nu-ran-aj-en' -es-is) [neuron; 
 avayewaetv, to renew]. Regeneration or re- 
 newal of nerve tissue. 
 
 Neurapophysis (nu-rap-of -is-is) [neuron; anb- 
 <f)uacc, offshoot]. Either one of the two apo- 
 physes on each vertebra which blend and form 
 the neural arch, or the dorsal wall of the spinal 
 foramen. 
 
 Neurasthenia (nu-ras-then-i'-ah or nu-ras-the'- 
 ne-ah) [neuron; asthenia]. A group of symp- 
 toms resulting from debility or exhaustion 
 of the nerve-centers. Among the more com- 
 mon symptoms are a lack of energy, undue 
 readiness of fatigue, disinclination to activity, 
 a sense of fulness or pressure at the top of 
 the head, pain in the back, impaired memory, 
 and disturbed sleep; gastrointestinal symp- 
 toms, such as anorexia, constipation, fulness 
 after eating; amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea 
 in women, and spermatorrhea and impotence 
 in men. N., Cerebral, a form marked by 
 depression, inability to concentrate the mind, 
 insomnia, irritability, headache, visual dis- 
 turbances, etc. N. cordis, a neurosis in 
 which the heart symptoms dominate. N. 
 gastrica, nervous dyspepsia, a condition of 
 disturbed functional activity of the stomach, 
 as a rule without retardation of digestion; 
 flatulence, pain, palpitation of the heart, and 
 constipation are prominent symptoms. N., 
 Sexual, a depressed state of the nervous 
 system associated with disturbance of the 
 sexual function; it is characterized by pain 
 in the back, tender points along the spine, 
 weakness of the extremities, great prostration 
 on slight exertion, neuralgic pains, and other 
 nervous manifestations. 
 
 Neurasthenic (nu-r as-then' -ik) [neurasthenia]. 
 Relating to, or characterized by, neurasthenia. 
 
 Neurataxia, Neurataxy (nu-rah-tak'-se-ah, 
 nu'-rah-tak-se) [neuron; dra$(a, want of 
 order]. 1. Ataxia of cerebrospinal origin. 2. 
 Neurasthenia. 
 
 Neuratrophia, Neuratrophy (nu-rat-ro'-fe-ah, 
 
NEURAXIS 
 
 680 
 
 NEUROCHITIN 
 
 nu-rat' -ro-fe) {neuron; atrophy]. Atrophy, 
 or impaired nutrition, of a nerve or nerves. 
 
 Neuraxis {nu-raks'-is) [neuron; axis], i. The 
 neural axis. 2. An axis-cylinder. 
 
 Neuraxon inu-raks' -on) [see Neuraxis], The 
 axis-cylinder process of a nerve-cell. 
 
 Neure (nilr). Synonym of Neuron. 
 
 Neurectasis, Neurectasy (nu-rek'-tas-is, nu- 
 rek'-tas-e) [neuron; EKzaotc;, stretching]. Nerve- 
 stretching. 
 
 Neurectomy [nu-reW -to-me) [neuron; e/cro/iiy, 
 excision]. Excision of a part of a nerve. ' 
 
 Neurectopia {nu-rek-to' -pe-ah) [neuron; inzonoc, 
 out of place]. Displacement or other ab- 
 normity of the distribution of a nerve. 
 
 Neurenteric (nu-ren-ter f -ik) [neuron; enteron]. 
 Pertaining to the embryonic neural canal 
 and the intestinal tube. N. Canal, a tem- 
 porary communication existing between 'the 
 neural canal and the intestinal tube of the 
 embryo. Syn., Kowalewsky's canal. 
 
 Neurexairesis (nu-reks-i-re' -sis) [neuron; i$at- 
 pelv, to take out]. The extraction of a nerve 
 for relief of neuralgia. 
 
 Neuridin (nu'-rid-in) [neuron], C 5 H 14 N 2 . A 
 ptomain produced in the putrefaction of 
 horseflesh, beef, human muscle, fish, cheese, 
 etc. It has a repulsive odor and is non- 
 poisonous. See Ptomains, Table of. 
 
 Neurilemma (nu-ril-em 1 '-ah) [neuron; tefipa, 
 bark]. . 1. The sheath incasing a nerve-fiber; 
 the sheath of Schwann. See Nerve-fiber. 
 2. See Perineurium. 
 
 Neurin {nu'-rin) [neuron]. 1. The albuminous 
 substance forming the basis of nerve tissue. 
 2. C 5 H 13 NO; a poisonous ptomain obtained 
 from decomposing flesh and in the decompo- 
 sition of protagon by barium hydroxid. Its 
 action is similar to that of muscarin. 3. An 
 extract of nerve tissue employed therapeutic- 
 ally. See Organotherapy. 
 
 Neurit (nu'-rit) [neuron]. Synonym of Neurite. 
 
 Neurite (nu'-rit) [neuron]. The axis-cylinder 
 process of a nerve-cell ; a neuraxon. 
 
 Neuritic (nu-rit'-ik) [neuritis]. Pertaining to 
 neuritis. 
 
 Neuritis (nu-ri'-tis) [neuron; exec, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of a nerve. N., Alco- 
 holic. See N., Multiple. N., Ascending, 
 inflammation extending from the periphery 
 of a nerve centrad to the spinal cord or brain. 
 N., Atheromatous, a form in which necrotic, 
 inflammatory processes take place in the 
 parts of the nerves supplied by arteries 
 affected with atheroma, giving rise to symptoms 
 resembling in character those of the toxic form. 
 N., Axial, N. axialis, optic neuritis in 
 which the central fibers of the optic nerve, 
 supplying the central part of the retina, are 
 diseased. It results in central scotoma. N., 
 Degenerative. See N., Parenchymatous. N., 
 Descending, neuritis the result of extension 
 of disease from the spinal cord or the brain 
 toward the periphery. N., Diabetic, a poly- 
 neuritis sometimes seen in diabetes, and 
 probably the result of autointoxication with 
 the products of faulty metabolism. N. fas- 
 
 cians, interstitial neuritis. N., Intersti- 
 tial, inflammation of the interstitial con- 
 nective tissue of a nerve-trunk. N., Lipo- 
 matous, that form in which the nerve-fibers 
 are completely destroyed and replaced by a 
 fibrous connective tissue in which much fat 
 is deposited. N., Malarial, neuritis due 
 to the malarial poison. N., Multiple, the 
 simultaneous inflammation of several nerve- 
 trunks, usually symmetrically situated on 
 both sides of the body. Its most common 
 cause is alcoholic poisoning; it may be due 
 to arsenic, malaria, mercury, or lead; to 
 diphtheria, pneumonia, typhoid fever, and 
 other infectious diseases. Beriberi is a form 
 of multiple neuritis. The symptoms depend 
 somewhat upon the cause: in alcoholic 
 neuritis, the most frequent variety, there are 
 paresthesias and pain, followed by paralysis 
 of the legs and arms, wrist-drop and foot -drop, 
 with edema, loss of reflexes, and delirium. 
 Anesthesia is slight; there may be hyperes- 
 thesia or pain; in some cases ataxia is present. 
 The sphincters are generally not affected. 
 N., Optic, inflammation of the optic nerve. 
 See Papillitis. N., Parenchymatous, a 
 form in which the medullary substance and 
 the axis-cylinders are chiefly involved, the 
 interstitial tissue being but little altered or 
 affected only secondarily. Syn., Degenerative 
 neuritis. N., Postocular, that affecting the 
 portion of the optic nerve behind the eyeball. 
 N., Pressure-, inflammation of a nerve re- 
 sulting from compression. N., Proliferative, 
 that form in which the overgrowth of the 
 connective tissue is so extensive as to convert 
 the whole nerve into a sclerotic cord. N., 
 Radicular, that in which the nerve-roots 
 rather than the plexus are the seats of inflam- 
 mation. N., Segmental, N., Segmentary, 
 that affecting a segment of a nerve.. N., 
 Toxemic, that due to some poison or virus in 
 the blood. N., Toxic, that due to some poison- 
 ous substance, as lead, silver, arsenic. N., 
 Tuberculous, polyneuritis due to the specific 
 action on the nerves of a poison produced 
 by tubercle bacilli. 
 Neuro- (nu-ro-) [neuron]. A prefix signifying 
 
 connection with or relation to a nerve. 
 Neuroarthritism (nu-ro-ar' -thrit-izm). A com- 
 bined nervous and gouty diathesis. 
 Neuroblast {nu' -ro - blast) [neuro-; fiXaotoc, 
 germ]. A cell derived from the primitive ecto- 
 derm, and giving rise to nerve-fibers and 
 nerve -cell. 
 Neurocardiac (nu-ro-kar f - 
 de-ak) [neuro-; cardia]. 
 Pertaining to the nervous 
 system and the heart. N. 
 Disease, exophthalmic 
 goiter. 
 Neurocele inu'-ro-set) [neu- 
 ro; Ko'cXta, hollow]. The 
 system of cavities and 
 ventricles in the cerebro- 
 spinal axis. 
 Neuro chitin (nu-ro-ki'-tin) 
 
 Neuroblasts. 
 Three neuroblasts, each 
 
 with a nerve - fiber 
 process growing 
 out beyond the 
 base ment-mem- 
 brane of the em- 
 bryonic spinal 
 cord. 
 
NEUROCHORIORETINITIS 
 
 681 
 
 NEUROMYELITIS 
 
 [neuro-; chitin]. The substance forming the 
 skeletal support of nerve-fibers. 
 
 Neurochorioretinitis (nu-ro- ko-re-o-ret-in-i' '- 
 tis). Chorioretinitis combined with optic 
 neuritis. 
 
 Neurochoroiditis (nu-ro-ko-roi-di'-tis). Com- 
 bined inflammation of the choroid body and 
 optic nerve. 
 
 Neurocyte (nu'-ro-slt) [neuro-; kutoc, a cell]. 
 Synonym of Neuron. 
 
 Neurodendrite (nu-ro-den'-drit) [neuro-; div- 
 dpov, a tree]. A dendritic and protoplasmic 
 extension or process of a nerve-cell, a com- 
 bined neuron and dendron. 
 
 Neurodendron (nu-ro-den' -dron) [see Neuro- 
 dendrite], i. Synonym of Neuron. 2. See 
 Neurodendrite. 
 
 Neurodermatitis (nu-ro-der-mat-i'-tis) [neuron- 
 dermatitis]. A neurotic affection of the skin 
 associated with itching. 
 
 Neurodin (nu'-ro-din) [neuron]. Acetylpara- 
 oxyphenylurethane, a crystalline substance 
 used as an antineuralgic and antipyretic. 
 Dose, antineuralgic, 15-24 gr. (1. 0-1.5 Gm.); 
 as antipyretic, 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 
 Neurodynia (nu-ro-din'-e-ah). See Neuralgia. 
 
 Neuroepidermal (nu-ro-ep-e-der'-mal). Rela- 
 ting to the nerves and the skin. 
 
 Neuroepithelioma (nu- ro-ep-e-the-le-o' ' -mah) 
 [neuro-; epithelioma]. A glioma of the retina. 
 
 Neuroepithelium (nu -ro-ep -e - the' - le - um) 
 [neuro-; epithelium]. The highly specialized 
 epithelial structures constituting the termina- 
 tions of the nerves of special sense, as the 
 rod-and-cone cells of the retina, the olfactory 
 cells of the nose, the hair-cells of the internal 
 ear, the gustatory cells of the taste-buds. 
 
 Neurofibril (nic-ro-fi'-bril). A conducting fibril 
 of a nerve -cell. 
 
 Neurofibroma (nu-ro-fi-bro' '-mah) [neuro-; -fi- 
 broma]. A tumor of a nerve composed of 
 fibrous tissue. 
 
 Neurofibromatosis (nu-ro- fi-bro-ma-to' -sis) 
 [neurofibroma]. A disease characterized by 
 the formation of numerous great and small 
 tumefactions of the nerves. 
 
 Neurofil (nu'-ro-fiT) [neuro-; filum, thread]. A 
 network of protoplasmic processes arising 
 from the commencement of the axis-cylinder 
 and surrounding the cell. 
 
 Neurogastric (nu-ro-gas'-trik). Relating to 
 the nerves and the stomach. 
 
 Neurogenesis (nu-ro-jen'-es-is) [neuro-; yeuvav, 
 to produce]. The formation of nerves or 
 nerve tissue. 
 
 Neurogenetic (nu-ro-jen-et'-ik) [neurogenesis]. 
 Pertaining to neurogenesis. 
 
 Neurogenous (nu-roj'-en-us). Originating in 
 the nervous system. 
 
 Neurogeny (nu-roj'-en-e). See Neurogenesis. 
 
 Neuroglia (nu-rog'-le-ah) [neuro-; yXca, glue]. 
 The tissue, probably of ectodermic origin, 
 forming the basis of the supporting frame- 
 work of the nervous tissue of the cerebro- 
 spinal axis. It consists of peculiar cells, the 
 glia-cells, having many fine branching pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 Neurogliar (nu-rog'-le-ar) [neuroglia]. Per- 
 taining to or resembling neuroglia. 
 
 Neuroglioma (nu-ro-gli-o' -mah) [neuro-; gli- 
 oma]. A tumor composed of neurogliar 
 tissue; a glioma. N., Ganglionar, N. 
 ganglionare, a glioma containing ganglion- 
 cells. 
 
 Neurography (nu-ro g'-ra-fe) [neuro-; ypafatv, 
 to write]. A treatise on the anatomy and 
 physiology ' of the nerves and the nervous 
 system. 
 
 Neurokeratin (nu-ro-ker'-at-in) [neuro-; ker- 
 atin]. The form of keratin found in nerve- 
 sheaths and the white substance of Schwann. 
 
 Neurokinet (nu-ro-kin'-et) [neuro-; kcvuv, to 
 move]. An apparatus for stimulating the 
 nerves by means of mechanic percussion. 
 
 Neurolemma (nu-ro-lem f -ah). Synonym of 
 Retina. 
 
 Neurologic (nu-ro-lof -ik) [neurology]. Per- 
 taining to neurology. 
 
 Neurologist (nu-rol'-o-jist) [neurology]. One 
 versed in neurology. 
 
 Neurology (nu-rol'-o-je) [neuro-; Xoyoc, sci- 
 ence]. The branch of medicine dealing with 
 the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of 
 the nervous system. 
 
 Neurolysin (nu-roV -is-in) [see Neurolysis]. A 
 cytolysin having specific action upon nerve- 
 cells. 
 
 Neurolysis (nu-roV '-is-is) [neuro-; Xuocc, solu- 
 tion]. Exhaustion of a nerve in consequence 
 of overstimulatiftn. 
 
 Neuroma (nu-ro' -mah) [neuro-; ofia, tumor]. 
 A tumor springing from a nerve. It is a 
 true neuroma when made up of nervous 
 tissue proper, and a false neuroma when 
 consisting of other than nervous tissue. 
 False neuromas may be fibromas, myxomas, 
 gliomas, etc. N., Amputation-, the neu- 
 roma of a stump, forming at the end of a 
 divided nerve. N., Amyelinic, a neuroma 
 made up of nonmedullated nerve-fibers. N., 
 Ganglionic, N., Ganglionated, a neuroma 
 made up of nerve-cells. N., Myelinic, one 
 made up of medullated nerve-fibers. N., 
 Plexiform, one characterized by the for- 
 mation of multiple enlargements along the 
 course of the cutaneous nerves, giving rise 
 to the appearance of an intertwining network. 
 
 Neuromalacia (nu-ro-mal-a' -she-ah) [neuro-; 
 [laXanca, a softening]. A softening of nerve- 
 tissue. 
 
 Neuromatous (nu-ro' -mat-us) [neuroma]. Of 
 the nature of a neuroma. 
 
 Neuromere (nu'-ro-mer) [neuro-; ptepoc, a 
 part]. A natural segment of the cerebro- 
 spinal axis. 
 
 Neuromimesis (nu -ro -mi- me' - sis) [neuro-; 
 H'cixtjocc, imitation]. Hvsteric phenomena re- 
 sembling true organic disease. 
 
 Neuromimetic (nu-ro-mi-met'-ik). Pertaining 
 to neuromimesis. 
 
 Neuromuscular (nu-ro-mus'-ku-lar) [neuro-; 
 muscular]. Pertaining conjointly to nerves 
 and muscles. 
 
 Neuromyelitis (nu-ro-mi-el-i'-tis) [neuro-; my- 
 
NEUROMYOLOGY 
 
 682 
 
 NEUROTABES 
 
 elitis]. Inflammation of myelonic substance 
 or of the medulla spinalis. 
 
 Neuromyology (nu-ro-mi-ol'-o-je) [neuro-; my- 
 ology]. The classification of muscles with 
 regard to their innervation. 
 
 Neuromyositis (nu-ro-mi-o-si'-tis) [neuro-; my- 
 ositis]. Myositis associated with neuritis. 
 
 Neuron (nu'-ron) [veupov, nerve], i. The cere- 
 brospinal axis taken as a whole. 2. One of 
 the countless number of units of which the 
 nervous system is composed. Each neuron 
 consists of a cell and a series of processes 
 
 and muscles of expiration characterized by 
 the utterance of sharp, spasmodic cries. 
 Neurophysiology (nu-ro- fiz-e-ol' -o-je) [neuro-; 
 physiology]. The physiology of the nervous 
 system. 
 Neuropilem, Neuropilema (nu-ro-pi' '-lem, -pi- 
 le' -mah) [neuro-; iz'doc, felt]. The dense 
 mat of fibrils formed in some parts by the 
 branching nerve-processes. 
 Neuroplasm (nu'-ro-plazm) [neuro-; nXaoaecv, 
 to mold]. The protoplasm filling the inter- 
 stices of the fibrils of nerve-cells. 
 
 One of these processes is, as a rule, an axis- Neuroplasty (nu'-ro-plas-te) [see Neuroplasm]. 
 
 cylinder and terminates free, generally break- A plastic operation on the nerves; nerve- 
 
 ing up into a bundle of fine "fibrils. The grafting. 
 
 other processes branch dichotomously, but Neuroplex, Neuroplexus (nu'-ro-pleks, nu-ro- 
 
 also terminate in free extremities; they are pleks'-us). A plexus of nerves. 
 
 known as protoplasmic processes or dendrites. Neuropsychology (nu-ro-si-koV -o-je) [neuro-; 
 
 In the gray matter of the brain and spinal 
 cord the terminal processes of the neuron 
 form a dense feltwork, but not a communicat- 
 ing reticulum. In every physiologic act in- 
 volving the nervous system at least two, usu- 
 ally more,_ neurons participate. The neuron 
 at which the impulse starts is termed archi- 
 neuron; the one at the termination, the 
 teleneuron. See also Nerve-cell. N.s, Edin- 
 ger's Law Concerning, a regular and gradual 
 increase of function of a neuron leads at first 
 to increased growth; if carried to excess, 
 especially if irregular and spasmodic, it re- 
 sults in atrophy and degeneration, and ulti- 
 mately in proliferation ofe the surrounding 
 tissue. N.s, Goldscheider-Marinesco's Law 
 Concerning, the fewer connections a neuron 
 has, and, consequently, the fewer stimuli it 
 receives, the less is its tendency to degenera- 
 tion. N. -threshold, the degree of excitation 
 of a neuron which just suffices to produce a 
 sensation in another with which it is in 
 contact. 
 
 Neuronal, Neuronic (nu'-ron-al, nu-ron'-ik). 
 Relating to a neuron. 
 
 Neuronephric (nu-ro-nef -rik) [neuro-; vecfrpoc;, 
 the kidney]. Pertaining to the nervous and 
 renal systems. 
 
 Neuronymy (mi-ron'-im-e) [neuro-; ovofia, a 
 name]. Neurologic nomenclature. 
 
 Neurooccipital (nu-ro-ok-sip' '-it-al). Relating 
 to a neural arch and the occiput. 
 
 Neuroparalysis {nu-ro-par-aV -is-is) [neuro-; 
 paralysis]. Paralysis due to disease of a nerve. 
 
 Neuropathic (nu-ro-path' '-ik) [neuro-; izaOoc, 
 disease]. 1. Characterized by a diseased or 
 imperfect nervous system. 2. Depending 
 upon or pertaining to nervous disease. N. 
 Eschar, a bed-sore following disease of the 
 spinal cord. 
 
 Neuropathology (nu-ro- path-ol' -o-je) [neuro-; 
 pathology]. The pathology of diseases of 
 the nervous system. 
 
 Neuropathy (nu-ro p'-ath-e) [neuro-; nadoc, 
 disease]. Any nervous disease. 
 
 Neurophlegmon (nu-ro-jleg'-mon) [neuro-; 
 phlegmon]. Neuritis. 
 
 Neurophonia (nu-ro-}o f -ne-ah) [neuro-; <jxovq, 
 voice]. A rare choreic disease of the larynx 
 
 psychology]. A system of psychology based 
 on neurology. 
 
 Neuropsychosis (nu-ro-si-W -sis) [neuro-; psy- 
 chosis]. A combined nervous and mental 
 disease. 
 
 Neuroretinitis (nu-ro-ret-in-i' -Us) [neuro-; ret- 
 initis]. Inflammation of both the optic nerve 
 and the retina. 
 
 Neurorrhaphy (nu-ror' -a-fe) [neuro-; pacfir), 
 suture]. The operation of suturing a divided 
 nerve. 
 
 Neurosarcoma (nu-ro -sar-ko'-m ah). A com- 
 bined neuroma and sarcoma. 
 
 Neurosin (nu-ro' -sin) [neuron]. A trade name 
 for several preparations containing calcium, 
 glycerol, and phosphates. 
 
 Neurosis {nu-ro' -sis) [neuron]. A functional 
 disease of the nervous system — -a disturbance 
 of the nerve-centers or peripheral nerves not 
 due to any demonstrable structural change. 
 N., Occupation-, N., Professional, a func- 
 tional disorder affecting groups of muscles 
 used in the performance of special movements. 
 N., Traumatic, any deviation from the nor- 
 mal state of the nervous system caused by 
 violence. N., WestphaPs, a form of hysteria 
 simulating multiple sclerosis. 
 
 Neuroskeleton (nu-ro-skel' -et-on) [neuro-; skel- 
 eton]. The vertebrate endoskeleton, or true 
 skeleton; so called from being made up of parts 
 that correspond with and largely serve to 
 protect portions of the central nervous system. 
 
 Neurosomes (nu'-ro-somz) [neuro-; ocopta, a 
 body]. Minute granules, variable in size, 
 observed at the nodal points of the axospon- 
 gium or meshwork making up the structure 
 of axis-cylinders. 
 
 Neurospongium (nu-ro-spun' -je-um) [neuro-; 
 o-EOff'cov, dim. of onoyjog, a sponge]. The 
 inner reticular layer of the retina. 
 
 Neurostearic (nu-ro-ste-ar'-ik) [neuro-; ozkap, 
 fat]. Pertaining to nervous tissue and fat. 
 N. Acid, C l8 H 3t 50 2 . An acid isomeric with 
 stearic acid, occurring in the brain. 
 
 Neurosuture (nu-ro-su'-tur). The suture of a 
 nerve. 
 
 Neurotabes (nu-ro-ta' -bez) [neuro-; tabes, wast- 
 ing]. A form of multiple neuritis resembling 
 posterior sclerosis. 
 
NEUROTENSION 
 
 683 
 
 NICOL'S PRISM 
 
 Neurotension (nu-ro-ten' -shun) . See Neu- 
 rectasis. 
 
 Neurothele (nu-ro-the'-le) [neuro-; dyky, a nip- 
 ple]. A nerve-papilla. 
 
 Neurothelion, Neurothelium (nu-ro-the' '-le-on, 
 -um) [neurothele]. A small nerve-papilla. 
 
 Neurotic (nu-rot' -ik) [neuron]. i. Pertaining 
 to the nerves; nervous. 2. Pertaining to 
 neuroses. 3. Having a disordered nervous 
 system; suffering from a neurosis. 
 
 Neurotica (nu-rot' -ik-ah) [neuron]. Functional 
 nervous diseases. 
 
 Neurotization {nu-rot-iz-a f -shun). The regen- 
 eration of a divided nerve. 
 
 Neurotome (nu'-ro-tom) [neuro-; to/* 77, a cut- 
 ting]. 1. A needle-like knife for the division 
 of a nerve. 2. The nerve tissues of an 
 embryonic metamere; a neural segment or 
 neuromere. 
 
 Neurotomy (nu-rot' -o-me) [see Neurotome]. The 
 division of a nerve. 
 
 Neurotonia, Neurotony (nu-ro-to 1 '-ne-ah, nu- 
 rot' -on-e). See Nerve-stretching. 
 
 Neurotonic (nu-ro-lon'-ik). Having a tonic 
 
 • effect upon the nerves. N. Reaction, a rare 
 from of electric reaction exhibited in a per- 
 sistent tetanic quivering of the muscles fol- 
 lowing irritation of the nerve-stems. 
 
 Neurotoxic (nu-ro-toks'-ik) [neuro-; zo$ckov, a 
 poison]. Having toxic action on neurons. 
 
 Neurotoxin (nu-ro-toks'-in). A cytotoxin ob- 
 tained by E. Metchnikoff from nerve tissue. 
 
 Neurotrophasthenia (nu-r o-tr of -as-the' -ne-ah) 
 [neuro-; rpo(f>rj, nourishment; asthenia]. Mal- 
 nutrition of the nerves. 
 
 Neurotropism (nu-rot' -ro-pizm) [neuro-; zpoTcoc, 
 a turn]. The attraction or repulsion exer- 
 cised upon regenerating nerve-fibers. A sub- 
 stance is said to have positive neurotropism 
 when these regenerating nerve-fibers have a 
 tendency to grow toward and into it ; negative, 
 when they avoid it. 
 
 Neusser's Granules. Basophilic granules 
 sometimes found in the leukocytes of the 
 blood, near the nuclei. They are regarded 
 by Neusser as being closely connected with 
 the uric-acid diathesis, but their presence has 
 been noticed also in other conditions. 
 
 Neutral (nu'-tral) [neuter, neither]. Neither 
 alkaline nor acid; bland and soothing; in- 
 active. N. Mixture, solution of potassium 
 citrate. See Potassium Citrate, Solution of. 
 
 Neutralize (nu'-tral-iz) [neutral]. To render 
 neutral; to render inert; to counterbalance 
 an action or influence. 
 
 Neutrolactis (nu-tro-lak'-tis). A galactagog 
 said to be a liquid extract of Galega offici- 
 nalis. 
 
 Neutrophil (nu'-tro-fil) [neuter, neither; <f>c\o£, 
 loving]. 1. Stained readily by neutral dyes; 
 applied to certain cells. 2. A leukocyte or 
 histologic element readily stainable with neu- 
 tral dyes. N. Leukocytes, leukocytes the 
 protoplasm of which contains granules colored 
 by neutral stains. 
 
 Nevi (ne'-vi). Plural of nevus (q. v.). 
 
 Nevolipoma (ne-vo-lip-o'-mah). A rare form 
 
 of lipoma containing a large number of blood- 
 vessels, considered a degenerated nevus. 
 
 Nevose (ne'-voz) [nevus]. Spotted, having 
 nevi. 
 
 Nevus, Naevus (ne'-vus) [L., nczvus; pi., nevi, 
 ncevi]. 1. A circumscribed area of pigmenta- 
 tion; a mole. 2. An angioma of the skin, usu- 
 ally congenital. Syn., Mother's mark. Naevus 
 araneus. See Acne rosacea. N., Capillary, 
 one that involves the capillaries of the skin. 
 N., Cutaneous, a nevus of the skin. Naevus 
 lipomatodes, a large, soft mole containing 
 a quantity of fat and loose connective tissue. 
 Naevus maternus. See Nevus (2). Naevus 
 pigmentosus, a mole; a circumscribed, con- 
 genital pigmentary deposit in the skin, varying 
 in color from a light fawn to a blackish tint, 
 and often associated with hypertrophy of 
 the hairs. Naevus vascularis. See Nevus 
 (2). Naevus vascularis fungosus, N. vas- 
 cularis tuberosus, a cavernous angioma 
 marked by formation of red or bluish erectile 
 tumors. 
 
 Newgrowth (nu'-groth). A circumscribed new 
 formation of tissue, characterized by abnor- 
 mity of structure or location. As generally 
 used, the term includes all true tumors, as 
 well as tumor-like growths due to micro- 
 organisms, as the gumma and tuberculous 
 tumor. Syn., Neoplasm. 
 
 Newton's Color-rings. The colorings pro- 
 duced when a cover-glass is pressed upon a 
 slide; they are the result of chromatic aber- 
 ration. 
 
 Nexus (neks'-us) [nectere, to bind]. A tying or 
 binding together; an interlacing. N. ner- 
 vorum opticorum, the chiasm. N. stam- 
 ineus oculi, the ciliary body. 
 
 N. F. Abbreviation of National Formulary, 
 a collection of formulas issued by the Am- 
 erican Pharmaceutical Association as a sup- 
 plement to the United States Pharmacopeia. 
 
 Niccolic (nik-ol'-ik) [niccolicum, nickel]. Con- 
 taining nickel. 
 
 Nickel (nik'-l) [G.]. Symbol Ni; atomic weight 
 58.3; quantivalence 11, rv. A metal of silver- 
 white luster, resembling iron in physical 
 properties. See Elements, Table of Chemic. N. 
 Bromid, NiBr 2 + 3H2O, has been used 
 in epilepsy. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 N. Chlorid, NiCl 2 , has been used as a tonic 
 in anemia. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). N. 
 Sulfate, NiS0 4 + 7H 2 0, has been used as 
 a tonic. Dose \-i gr. (0.032-0.065 Gm.). 
 
 Nickle's Test for Distinguishing Glucose 
 from Cane-sugar. Heat the sugar for some 
 time to ioo° C. with carbon tetra chlorid; 
 cane-sugar is turned black by the process and 
 glucose is not. 
 
 Nicol's Prism [after William Nicol, of Edin- 
 burgh]. A polished prism of Iceland-spar, 
 cut diagonally across the principal axis, the 
 sections being joined together by means of 
 Canada balsam. It has the property of re- 
 flecting the ordinary ray of light out of the 
 field, while the socalled polarized ray is 
 transmitted. 
 
NICOTIANA 
 
 684 
 
 NITRIFICATION 
 
 Nicotiana {nik-o-she-a'-nah). See Tobacco. 
 
 Nicotianin (nik-o-she-a'-nin). The volatile 
 principle to which tobacco owes its flavor. 
 
 Nicotianomania (nik -o- she -an-o- ma'- ne - ah) 
 [nicotin; mania]. Insane craving for tobacco. 
 
 Nicotin (nik'-o-tin), C 10 H U N 2 . A liquid poison- 
 ous alkaloid found in the leaves of the to- 
 bacco-plant. N. Bitartrate, white soluble 
 crystals used in tetanus and as an antidote 
 in strychnin-poisoning. If. Salicylate, hex- 
 agonal tablets containing 54% of nicotin; 
 recommended in scabies in 1 % lanolin oint- 
 ment. N. Tartrate, C 10 H u N 2 (C 4 H 6 O 6 ) + 
 2H 2 0, a solution more stable than that of the 
 free alkaloid or the other salts. 
 
 Nicotinism {nik' -o-tin-izm) [nicotin]. The mor- 
 bid effects from the continued or excessive 
 use of tobacco. 
 
 Nictation (nik-ta'-shun). Same as Nictita- 
 tion. 
 
 Nictitating (nik'-tit-a-ting) [see Nictitation]. 
 Winking. N. Membrane. See Membrane, 
 Nictitating. N. Spasm, blepharospasm. 
 
 Nictitation (nik-tit-a'-shun) [nictitare, to wink]. 
 Abnormal frequency of winking. 
 
 Nidulus (nid'-u-lus). The nucleus or origin 
 of a nerve. 
 
 Nidus (ni'-dus) [L., "nest"]. 1. A central 
 point or focus of infection; a place in which 
 an organism finds conditions suitable for 
 growth and development. 2. A collection of 
 ganglion-cells at the deep origin of a cranial 
 nerve; a nucleus. N. avis, a depression or 
 hollow left on the mesial surface of the cun- 
 eate lobule after the removal of a tonsil. N. 
 hirundinis, a deep fossa in the cerebellum 
 situated between the posterior medullary 
 velum in front and the nodules and uvula 
 behind. 
 
 Niemeyer's Pill (ne'-mi-er). A pill of quinin, 
 1 gr., digitalis, | gr., and opium, \ gr. It is 
 used in pulmonary tuberculosis, and is taken 
 every six hours. 
 
 Night-blindness. See Hemeralopia. 
 
 Night-blooming Cereus. See Cactus gran- 
 diflorus. 
 
 Nightingale (ni' -tin- gal) [after Florence Night- 
 ingale, a nurse]. A short cape used in hos- 
 pitals to protect the shoulders and chest of 
 nurses and patients. 
 
 Nightmare [AS., neaht, night; mara, mare]. 
 A dream characterized by great distress and 
 a sense of oppression or suffocation. 
 
 Nightshade (nit' -shad). A name applied to 
 plants of the genus Solanum. N., Deadly, 
 a poisonous plant, Atropa belladonna. See 
 Belladonna. 
 
 Night -terrors (nit'-ter-orz). Distressing dreams 
 occurring in children and causing them to 
 wake up with cries of fear. 
 
 Nigranilin (ni-gran' -il-in) . Anilin-black. 
 
 Nigrosin (ni'-gro-sin) [niger, black]. A blue- 
 black anilin dye, used in staining brain tissue. 
 
 Nihil album (ni'-hil). Flowers of zinc. N. 
 gr&cum, impure zinc oxid. 
 
 Nikiforoff's Method of Fixation of Blood- 
 films. This consists in immersion of the dried 
 
 films in ether, in absolute alcohol, or in a 
 mixture of equal parts of the two. 
 
 Niopo [Venezuelan name]. A snuff prepared 
 from the seeds of Piptadenia peregrina, which 
 produces an intoxication approaching frenzy. 
 
 Niphablepsia (ne-jah-bhp' -se-ah) [vc<f>a, snow; 
 dfth(l>la, blindness]. Snow-blindness. 
 
 Nipple (nip'-l) [allied to neb, the beak of a 
 bird, from AS., nebb, the face]. The conic 
 projection in the center of the mamma, con- 
 taining the outlets of the milk-ducts. N.- 
 line, a vertical line drawn on the surface of 
 the chest through the nipple. 
 
 Nirlus (nir'-lus) [origin obscure]. An ephem- 
 eral papular eruption sometimes following 
 measles or scarlatina. 
 
 Nirvanin (nir-van'-in). The hydrochlorate of 
 diethylglycocoll - paraamido- o - oxybenzoic- 
 methyl-ester. It is a local anesthetic, one-tenth 
 as toxic as cocain, used by Schleich's infil- 
 tration method in 0.5 to 0.2 % solution; in 
 dentistry in 2 to 5% solution. 
 
 Nisbeth's Chancre. Nodular abscesses on the 
 penis following acute lymphangitis from soft 
 chancre. Syn., Bubonuli nisbethii. 
 
 Nissl's Bodies. The chromophilic bodies of 
 a nerve-cell; finely granular bodies, of var- 
 ious sizes and shapes, brought out between 
 the cytoreticulum by staining with Nissl's 
 stain. Syn., Tigroid masses. N.'s Stain, 
 methylene-blue. 
 
 Nisus (ni'-sus) [L., "effort," from niti, to en- 
 deavor]. 1. The periodic desire for pro- 
 creation manifested in the spring season by 
 certain species of animals. 2. The contrac- 
 tion of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles 
 for the expulsion of the . feces or the urine. 
 
 Nit [AS., hnitu, a nit]. The egg or larva of 
 a louse. t 
 
 Niter (ni'-ter) [Ar., nitrun, natron]. Potas- 
 sium nitrate or saltpeter. N., Cubic, sod- 
 ium nitrate. N., Sweet Spirit of (spiritus 
 cetheris nitrosi, U. S. P.), spirit of nitrous ether, 
 an alcoholic solution of ethyl nitrite. Dose 
 in fever 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc); as a 
 diuretic 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Nithsdale Neck. Goiter. 
 
 Nitragin (ni-traj'-in). A nitrifying bacterial 
 ferment obtained from the root-tubercles of 
 leguminous plants. 
 
 Nitrate (ni'-trat). A salt of nitric acid. 
 
 Nitrated (ni'-tra-ted). Combined with nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Nitration (ni-tra' -shun) [nitric]. The process 
 of combining or treating with nitric acid. 
 
 Nitric (ni'-trik) [niter]. Pertaining to or con- 
 taining niter. N. Acid. See Acid, Nitric. 
 N.-acid Test, a test for albumin, consist- 
 ing in the addition of nitric acid to the sus- 
 pected fluid — if albumin is present, a precipi- 
 tate is formed. The test is usually applied 
 by superimposing the suspected fluid over the 
 acid. Syn., Heller's test. 
 
 Nitrification (ni-trif-ik-a' -shun) [niter; facere, 
 to make]. The conversion of the nitrogen 
 of ammonia and organic compounds into 
 nitrous and nitric acids, a process constantly 
 
NITRIFYING 
 
 685 NITROSOPHENYLDIMETHYLPYRAZOL 
 
 going on in nature under the influence of cer- 
 tain bacteria and other agencies. 
 
 Nitrifying (ni'-tri}-i-ing). Converting into ni- 
 trous and nitric acids. N. Bacillus. See 
 under Bacteria'. 
 
 Nitril (ni'-tril) [niter']. A compound of cyano- 
 gen with an alcohol radicle in which the 
 nitrogen is trivalent and the radicle is united 
 to the remaining carbon atom. The nitrils are 
 readily converted into acids. 
 
 Nitrite (ni'-trit) [niter]. A salt of nitrous acid. 
 See Amyl Nitrite, Potassium Nitrite, Sodium- 
 Nitrite. The nitrites produce dilation of the 
 blood-vessels, diminution of the blood-pres- 
 sure, increased rapidity of the pulse, and 
 depression of the motor centers in the spinal 
 cord. They are used as antispasmodics in 
 asthma and angina pectoris, in spasmodic 
 dysmenorrhea, tetanus, epileptic and hysteric 
 convulsions, and in cases of arteriosclerosis 
 with high arterial tension. Full doses in man 
 give rise to flushing of the face, throbbing, 
 and headache. 
 
 Nitro- (ni-tro-) [niter]. A prefix denoting 
 combination with nitrogen or with the radicle 
 NO,. 
 
 Nitrobacteria (ni-tro-bak-te 1 '-re-ah) [nitro-; bac- 
 teria]. Bacteria that convert ammonia into 
 nitric acid. 
 
 Nitrobenzol, Nitrobenzene {ni-tro-ben'-zol, ni- 
 tro -ben' -zen), C 6 H 5 N0 2 . An oily, sweetish 
 liquid made by the action of strong nitric 
 acid on benzol. It is an intermediate product 
 in the manufacture of anilin oil, and is em- 
 ployed as a flavoring agent under the name 
 of artificial oil of bitter almonds or oil of 
 mirbane. It is a powerful poison, resembling 
 hydrocyanic acid in action. Persons en- 
 gaged in its manufacture often suffer from 
 headache and drowsiness. 
 
 Nitrobenzolism (ni-tro-ben'-zol-izm). Poison- 
 ing by nitrobenzol through ingestion of some 
 liquor containing it, through inhalation of its 
 vapor, or through cutaneous absorption. 
 
 Nitrocellulose {ni-tro-sel'-u-los). See Pyroxy- 
 lin. 
 
 Nitroerythrol {ni-tro-er'-ith-roT), C 4 H 6 (N0 3 ) 4 . 
 Butine tetranitrate, obtained by dissolving 
 erythrol in nitric acid; large glistening plates 
 melting at 6i° C. It explodes on percussion; 
 used in the same manner as nitroglycerin. 
 
 Nitrogen {ni f -tro-jen) [nitro-; yevvav, to pro- 
 duce]. Symbol N; atomic weight 14; quan- 
 tivalence I, in, v. A nonmetallic element 
 existing free in the atmosphere, of which it 
 constitutes about 77 % by weight. It is a 
 colorless, odorless gas, incapable of sus- 
 taining life. Chemically it is very inert, and 
 combines directly with but few elements. It 
 is an important constituent of all animal 
 and vegetal tissues. With hydrogen it com- 
 bines to form ammonia, from which a mul- 
 titude of important compounds are derived. 
 It forms several oxygen compounds: nitro- 
 gen monoxid, N 2 0; nitrogen dioxid, NO; 
 nitrogen trioxid, N 2 3 ; nitrogen tetroxid, N0 2 ; 
 nitrogen pentoxid, N 2 O s . The oxids combine 
 
 with water to form acids. With the halo- 
 gens nitrogen forms very explosive com- 
 pounds; nearly all explosive substances are 
 compounds of nitrogen. N. -equilibrium, the 
 state of an animal in which, during a definite 
 period, the nitrogen of the excreta equals 
 in amount the nitrogen of the food. 
 Nitrogenous {ni-trof '-en-us) [nitrogen]. Con- 
 taining nitrogen. 
 Nitroglucose (ni-tro-glu' -kos) . A substance 
 obtained from glucose by action of nitric 
 and sulfuric acids. It is used as an arterial 
 stimulant. Dose of 5 % solution \-i min. 
 (0.016-0.065 Cc). 
 
 Nitroglycerin {ni-tro-glis' -er-in) [nitro-; gly- 
 cerin], C 3 H 5 (N0 3 ) 3 . Glonoin, a colorless, oily 
 liquid produced by the action of sulfuric and 
 nitric acids upon glycerol. It is a powerful 
 explosive; physiologically it has the actions 
 of the nitrites, but is more persistent than 
 amyl nitrite, which it most resembles. Dose 
 2M"M gr- (0.0003-0.0013 Gm.). N., Spirit 
 of (spiritus glycerylis nitralis, U. S. P.), spirit 
 of glyceryl trinitrate, a 1 % alcoholic solu- 
 tion. Dose 1-2 min. (0.065-0.13 Cc). N., 
 Tablets of (tabellce nitroglycerin, B. P.), 
 contain each T ^ gr. (0.0006 Gm.) of 
 nitroglycerin. 
 
 Nitrohydrochloric Acid (ni-tro-hi-dro-klo'-rik). 
 See Acid, Nitrohydrochloric. 
 
 Nitrolevulose {ni-tro-lev' -u-loz). Dextrose ni- 
 trate. It has properties similar to nitro- 
 glycerin. 
 
 Nitromonas {ni-tro-mo' -nas) [nitro-; p.ovac, 
 unit]. A group of bacteria occurring in the 
 soil, which convert ammonium salts into ni- 
 trites and nitrites into nitrates. They will 
 not grow in gelatin or other organic 
 mediums. 
 
 Nitromuriatic Acid {ni-tro-mu-re-at r -ik) . See 
 Acid, Nitrohydrochloric. 
 
 Nitropropiol {ni-tro-pro'-pe-oV). A preparation 
 of orthonitrophenyl-propiolic acid and sodium 
 carbonate; used for detecting sugar in the 
 urine. N. Test for Sugar in the Urine, 
 place 10 to 15 drops of urine in test-tube, add 
 10 Cc. distilled water and a nitropropiol tablet, 
 and heat two to four minutes. In the pres- 
 ence of sugar there is first a green coloration, 
 followed by an intensely blue color. This will 
 indicate 0.3% of sugar, and only takes place 
 if grape-sugar is actually present. If much 
 albumin is present, first eliminate it by shak- 
 ing with salt or chloroform. 
 
 Nitroso- (ni-tro-so-) [niter]. A prefix signifying 
 combination with nitrosyl, the univalent rad- 
 icle NO. 
 
 Nitrosobacter {ni-tro-so-bak'-ter). A rod-like 
 form of nitrifying bacteria. 
 
 Nitrosobacteria \ni-tro-so-bak-te' -re-ah). See 
 Nitrobacteria. 
 
 Nitrosomonas (ni-tro-so-mo'-nas). See Nitro- 
 monas. 
 
 Nitrosonitric Acid {ni-tro-so-ni'-trik) . Fuming 
 nitric acid containing nitrous acid gas. 
 
 Nitrosophenyldimethylpyrazol (ni-tro-so-fen- 
 il-di-meth-il-pir'-az-ol), C 11 H 11 (NO)N 2 0. A 
 
NITROSYL 
 
 686 
 
 NONVALENT 
 
 reaction-product of a solution of sodium 
 nitrite with a solution of antipyrin in acidu- 
 lated water; it is antipyretic, analgesic, and 
 diuretic. Syn., I sonitrosoantipyrin. 
 
 Nitrosyl {ni-tro'-sil). The univalent radicle 
 NO. N. Sulfate, HSNO s , a nitrosyl substi- 
 tution derivative of sulfuric acid; recom- 
 mended as a disinfectant. 
 
 Nitrous {ni'-trus) [niter], i. Containing nitro- 
 gen as a univalent or trivalent element. 2. 
 Pertaining to or derived from nitrous acid. 
 N. Acid, HN0 2 , an acid having one atom 
 of oxygen less than nitric acid. See Griess. 
 N. Ether, C 2 H 5 N0 2 , ethyl nitrite, a very 
 volatile liquid having properties similar to 
 those of amyl nitrite. N. Oxid, N 2 0, used 
 as a general anesthetic in dentistry and in 
 minor surgery. Syn., Hyponitrous oxid; 
 Laughing-gas; Nitrogen protoxid. See under 
 Anesthetic. 
 
 Nitroxyl {ni-troks'-il), N0 2 . A univalent radi- 
 cle found in nitric acid. 
 
 Nobel's (Le) Test for Acetone. A modifica- 
 tion of Legal's test. Le N.'s Test for Bile- 
 pigments, add to the liquid zinc chlorid and a 
 few drops of tincture of iodin. A dichroic 
 play of colors is the result. 
 
 Noctambulation {nok-tam-bu-la'-shun) [nox, 
 night; ambulare, to walk]. Sleep-walking. 
 
 Noctiphobia {nok-te-fo' -be-ah) [nox, night; 
 (f)6/3oc, fear]. Morbid fear of night and its 
 darkness and silence; at times a distressing 
 accompaniment of neurasthenia. 
 
 Nocturnal {nok-tur'-nal) [nocturnus, pertaining 
 to the night]. Pertaining to the night. N. 
 Emission, N. Pollution, the discharge of 
 semen without coitus during sleep. N. Enu- 
 resis, incontinence of urine at night during 
 sleep. N. Epilepsy, epilepsy in which the 
 convulsions occur at night. 
 
 Nodal {no'-dal) [nodus, a node]. Pertaining to 
 a node. N. Point, the point of intersection 
 of convergent rays of light with the visual 
 axis of the eye. The first nodal point is 
 6.9685 mm. behind the summit of the -cornea. 
 The second nodal point is 7.3254 mm. behind 
 the summit of the cornea, or 0.1254 mm. 
 behind the lens. 
 
 Nodding Spasm {nod'-ing spazm) . See Eclamp- 
 sia nutans. 
 
 Node {nod) [nodus, a node]. 1. A knob, swell- 
 ing, or protuberance. 2. A point of narrow- 
 ing or constriction. N., Parrot's, one of the 
 bony prominences on the outer table of the 
 skull, the result of syphilitic periostitis. N., 
 Ranvier's, one of the constrictions occurring 
 in the course of medullated nerve-fibers, where 
 the sheath of Schwann lies upon the axis- 
 cylinder. N., Syphilitic, the localized 
 swelling on bones due to syphilitic peri- 
 ostitis. 
 
 Nodose {no'-doz). Characterized by nodes; 
 jointed or swollen at intervals. 
 
 Nodosity {no-do s' -it-e) [node]. 1. The state of 
 having nodes. 2. A node. N., Bouchard's, 
 a nodose condition of the second joints of 
 the fingers, supposed to be indicative of gas- 
 
 trectasis. N., Hagarth's, N., Heberden's, 
 
 one of the firm nodules on the sides of the 
 distal phalanges of the fingers in rheumatoid 
 arthritis. 
 
 Nodular {nod'-u-lar) [nodule]. Composed of or 
 covered by nodules; resembling a nodule. 
 
 Nodule {nod'-ul) [nodulus, dim. of nodus]. A 
 small node. N.s ofArantius. See Corpora 
 arantii. N. of Cerebellum, the anterior 
 termination of the inferior vermiform process 
 of the cerebellum. N.s, Endolymphangeal, 
 small knobs formed within lymphatic vessels 
 by localized masses of adenoid tissue. N., 
 Lymph-, a more nearly correct term for 
 lymph-follicle. N.s, Lymphangeial, N.s, 
 Lymphatic, N,s, Lymphoid, localized 
 masses of adenoid tissue consisting of branched 
 nucleated corpuscles holding lymphoid cells 
 in the spaces between them. N.s of Mor- 
 gagni. Same as N.s of Arantius. 
 
 Nodus {no'-dus). See Node. 
 
 Noematachometer {no-e-ma-tak-om' -et-er) . See 
 Nematachometer. 
 
 Noli - me - tangere {no-le-ma-tan'-jer-e). See 
 Ulcer, Rodent. 
 
 Noma {no'-mah) [voptrj, a corroding sore]. A 
 grave, usually fatal, form of stomatitis, oc- 
 curring in debilitated children, generally dur- 
 ing the convalescence from one of the exan- 
 thems. It is characterized by the formation 
 of a rapidly spreading ulcer involving the 
 cheek and soon becoming gangrenous. It is 
 a parainfectious disease due to Bacillus diph- 
 theriticus. Syn., Cancrum oris; Gangrcena 
 oris; Gangrenous stomatitis. N. pudendi, 
 N. vulvae, a similar ulceration occurring 
 about the genital region of female children. 
 
 Nomadic {no-mad' -ik) [vojiag, roving]. Spread- 
 ing; said of ulcers. 
 
 Nonadherent {non-ad-he' -rent) [non, not; ad- 
 hcerere, to adhere]. Not connected to an ad- 
 jacent organ or part. 
 
 Nonalbuminoid {non-al-bu' -min-oid) . A nitro- 
 genous animal or vegetal compound of simpler 
 composition than a proteid; nonproteid, e. g., 
 the nitrogenous extractive of muscujar and 
 connective tissue. 
 
 Nonan {no'-nan) [nonus, ninth]. Occurring 
 every ninth day, or having an exacerbation 
 every ninth day. 
 
 Non compos mentis {non kom'-pos men'-tis) 
 [L.]. Of unsound mind. 
 
 Nonconductor {non-kon-duk' -tor) . Any sub- 
 stance not transmitting electricity or heat. 
 
 Nonigravida {non-i-grav' -id-ah) [nonus, ninth; 
 gravida, a pregnant woman]. A woman 
 pregnant for the ninth time. 
 
 Nonipara {non-ip' -ar-ah) [nonus, ninth; parere, 
 to bring forth]. A woman who has been in 
 labor nine times. 
 
 Nonmetal {non-metf -al) . An element that is 
 not a metal. 
 
 Nonproteid {non-pro' -te-id). See Nonalbu- 
 minoid. 
 
 Nonus {no'-nus) [L., "ninth"]. The glosso- 
 pharyngeal nerve. 
 
 Nonvalent (non-va'-lent). Without chemic 
 
NONVIABLE 
 
 687 
 
 NOSOMANIA 
 
 valency; incapable of entering into chemic 
 composition. 
 
 Nonviable {non-vi'-ab-l). Incapable of living. 
 
 (von) Noorden Treatment. See Oat Treatment. 
 
 Nordauism {nor' -dow-izm) [Nordau, a German 
 writer on degeneracy]. Degeneracy. 
 
 Nori {no' -re). A Japanese gelatin obtained 
 from Porphyra vulgaris, employed in cultivat- 
 ing protozoa. 
 
 Norm, [norma, a rule or measure]. A standard. 
 
 Norma {nor'-mah). In anatomy, a view 
 or aspect, essentially of the skull. N. bas- 
 ilaris, the view of the skull looking toward 
 the inferior aspect. N. facialis, the aspect 
 looking toward the face. N. lateralis, a 
 profile view. N. occipitalis, the aspect 
 looking toward the back of the skull. N. 
 verticalis, the aspect viewed from above, 
 or that directed toward the top of the 
 skull. 
 
 Normal {nor' -mat) [norma]. i. Conforming 
 to natural order or law. 2. Having the 
 typical structure. N. Antitoxic Serum, N. 
 Therapeutic Serum, an antitoxic blood- 
 serum of which 0.1 Gm. is sufficient to neu- 
 tralize ten times the fatal dose of toxin for a 
 guinea-pig weighing 300 Gm. N. Salt Solu- 
 tion, N. Saline Solution, an aqueous solution 
 of sodium chlorid of a strength similar to 
 that of the body -fluids — usually 0.6 to 0.75 %. 
 N. Solution, a solution containing in one 
 liter a quantity of the reagent equal to the 
 molecular weight in grams, and reduced so 
 that the replaceable hydrogen or its equivalent 
 represents one gram. A decinormal solution 
 is one of one-tenth the strength, and a centi- 
 normal solution one of one-hundredth the 
 strength, of the normal solution. 
 
 Normoblast {nor' -mo-blast) [norma; (3\aor6(;, 
 a germ]. A nucleated* red corpuscle of the 
 same size as an ordinary red corpuscle. 
 
 Normocyte {nor 1 '-mo-sit) [norma; kLtoc, a 
 cell]. A red blood-corpuscle of normal size 
 
 (7-5 A*)- 
 
 Normotonic {nor -mo-ton' -ik) [norma; xovog, a 
 stretching]. Relating to normal muscular 
 contraction; to a muscle working under nor- 
 mal physiologic conditions. 
 
 Norris" Colorless Corpuscles. See Cor- 
 puscles, Norris, Invisible. 
 
 Nose {noz) [AS., nosu]. The prominent 
 organ occupying the center of the face, the 
 upper part {regio olfactoria) of which con- 
 stitutes the organ of smell, the lower part 
 {regio respiratoria) represents the commence- 
 ment of the respiratory tract, in which the 
 inspired air is warmed, moistened, and de- 
 prived of impurities. The nose consists of 
 two symmetric cavities, separated by a sep- 
 tum, and is lined internally by mucous 
 membrane {schneiderian membrane). N.- 
 piece, a mechanic device to be attached to 
 the tube of a microscope for holding two, 
 three, or four objectives. 
 
 Nosebleed {noz' -bled). A hemorrhage from 
 the nose. Syn., Epistaxis. 
 
 Nosegay, Riolan's. The entire group of 
 
 muscles arising from the styloid process of 
 
 the temporal bone. 
 Nosema {nos-e'-mah) [voooc, disease]. 1. Ill- 
 ness; disease. 2. A genus of Schizomycetes. 
 
 N. bombycis. See under Bacteria. 
 Noseresthesia {nos-er-es-the'-ze-ah) [nosema; 
 
 a'cod-qocc, perception]. Perverted sensibility. 
 Noserous (nos'-e-rus) [nosema]. Diseased; 
 
 unhealthy. 
 Noso- {nos-o-) [voaoc, disease]. A prefix signify- 
 ing disease. 
 Nosocarya {nos-o-kar'-i-a) [noso-; napuov, a 
 
 nut]. Ergot of rye. 
 Nosochorologia {nos-o-kor-o-lb'-je-ah). See 
 
 Nosochthonography. 
 Nosochthonography {nos - ok - thon - og'-raf-e) 
 
 [noso-; x®uv, the earth; jpafaiv, to write]. 
 
 Geography of endemic diseases; medical 
 
 geography. 
 Nosogeny {nos-o]' -en-e) [noso-; yevvdv, to 
 
 beget]. The development of diseases. 
 
 ACCESSORY 
 CARTILAGES 
 
 Front View of the Skeleton of the Nose. — {Gerrish, 
 
 after Testut.) 
 
 The upper lateral cartilage is labeled "lateral cart."; the 
 
 lower, " alar cart." 
 
 Nosogeography {nos-o-je-og'-raf-e). See Nos- 
 ochthonography. 
 
 Nosographer {nos-og'-raf-er) [see Nosography]. 
 One who writes descriptions of diseases. 
 
 Nosography {nos-og'-ra-fe) [noso-; j-pafeiv, to 
 write]. A treatise on diseases 
 
 Nosohemia {nos-o-he' -me-ah) [noso-; al/xa, 
 blood]. Disease of the blood. 
 
 Nosointoxication {nos-o-in-toks-ik-a' -shun) 
 [noso-; intoxication]. Autointoxication caused 
 by pathologic processes which alter the nor- 
 mal course of metabolism in such a way as 
 to produce harmful products. 
 
 Nosology {nos-ol'-o-je) [noso-; X6yog, science]. 
 The science of the classification of diseases. 
 
 Nosomania {nos-o-ma' -ne-ah) [noso-; p.av'ta, 
 madness]. 1. A morbid dread of disease. 
 2. A delusion that one is suffering from 
 disease. 
 
NOSONOMY 
 
 NOTCH 
 
 Nosonomy [nos-on' -o-me) \noso-; bvo/ia, name]. 
 The nomenclature of diseases. 
 
 Nosoparasites inos-o-par '-as-itz) \noso-; para- 
 site]. Microorganisms found in conjunction 
 with a disease process, which, while capable 
 of modifying the course of the disease, are 
 not its cause. 
 
 Nosophen (nos f -o-/en), C 6 H 4 C 2 2 (C 6 H 2 I 2 OH) 2 . 
 Tetraiodophenolphthalein, a yellowish - gray 
 powder without odor or taste, insoluble in 
 water or acids, slightly soluble in alcohol, 
 more soluble in ether, chloroform, or alkalis. 
 It is used externally as a substitute for iodo- 
 form, internally for catarrh of the stomach 
 and intestine. Dose 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). 
 Syn., Iodophen. 
 
 Nosotrophy (nos-ot'-ro-fe) \noso-; rpocf)7j, nour- 
 ishment]. 1. The nourishment of disease. 
 2. The care of the sick. 
 
 Nostalgia (nos-tal'-je-ah) [voaroc, a return; 
 aXjoc, pain]. Homesickness. 
 
 Nostoc (nos'-tok) [Ger., Nostoch]. A genus of 
 alga? having a gelatinous nature. 
 
 Nostosite (nos'-to-sit) [voozoc, a return; a'cxoc, 
 food], A parasite situated in or upon its 
 permanent host. 
 
 Nostrate (nos'-trat) [noster, ours]. Endemic. 
 
 Nostril [nos'-tril) [AS., nosu, nose; thyrl, a 
 hole]. One of the external orifices of the 
 nose. 
 
 Nostrum (nos'-trum) [noster, ours]. A quack 
 medicine; a secret medicine. 
 
 Transverse Section of the Nasal Fossas. — (Holden.) 
 1. Nasal septum. 2. Anterior extremity of middle turbinated bone. 3. Middle meatus 
 ated bone. 5. Inferior meatus. 6. Lacrimal canal. 7. Canaliculi 
 mucous membrane. 10. Maxillary sinus or antrum of Highmore. 
 
 4. Section of inferior turbin- 
 Nasal canal. 9. Section of reflected 
 
 Nosophobia (nos-o-fo'-be-ah). See Nosomania. 
 Nosophyte (nos'-o-Jit) \noso-; <J)0t6v, a plant]. 
 
 Any pathogenic vegetable microorganism. 
 Nosopoietic (nos-o-poi-et'-ik) [noso-; noce'cv, 
 
 to make]. Causing disease. 
 Nosotaxy (nos'-o-taks-e). See Nosonomy. 
 Nosotoxic (nos-o-toks'-ik). Relating to noso- 
 
 toxin. 
 Nosotoxicosis (nos-o-toks-ik-o'-sis) [see Noso- 
 
 toxin]. An abnormal condition referable to 
 
 the presence of toxic basic products formed 
 
 in the system in disease. 
 Nosotoxin {nos-o-toks' -in) [noso-; to^ckov, a 
 
 poison]. A toxin generated in the body by 
 
 a pathogenic microorganism, 
 
 Notal {no'-tal) [vcbrov, the back]. Pertaining 
 to the back; dorsal. 
 
 Notanencephalia (no - tan - en - sej - a'- le - ah) 
 [vdjrov, the back; avejuk^aXoc;, without 
 brain]. Congenital absence of the dorsal part 
 of the cranium. 
 
 Notch [O. Du., nock]. A deep indentation. N., 
 Acetabular, the cotyloid notch. N., Clavic- 
 ular, a depression at the upper end of 
 the sternum articulating with the clavicle. 
 N., Coracoid. See N., Suprascapular. 
 N., Cotyloid, the notch in the acetabulum 
 near to the obturator foramen. N., Iliac, 
 Greater, N., Ischiadic, Greater. See N., 
 Sacrosciatic. N., Interlobar (of the liver), 
 
NOTENCEPHALUS 
 
 689 
 
 NUCLEIN 
 
 the notch in the ventral border of the liver de- 
 marcating the right and left lobes. N., In- 
 tervertebral, one of the depressions on the 
 vertebral pedicles, either on the upper or the 
 lower surface. The apposition of two notches 
 of the contiguous vertebras forms the interver- 
 tebral foramen. N., Ischiatic. See N., 
 Sacrosciatic. N., Jugular, a notch forming 
 the posterior boundary of the jugular foramen. 
 N., Nasal, an uneven interval between the in- 
 ternal angular processes of the frontal bone, 
 which articulates with the nasal bone and the 
 nasal process of the superior maxillary bone. 
 N., Popliteal, the depression on the posterior 
 surface of the head of the tibia, separating 
 the two tuberosities. N. of Rivinus. See 
 Rivinian Notch. N., Sacrococcygeal, the 
 lateral notch at the point of union of the 
 coccyx and sacrum. N., Sacrosciatic, one 
 of two notches on the posterior edge of the 
 innominate bone. The greater notch is just 
 above the spine of the ischium, and is con- 
 verted into a foramen by the lesser sacro- 
 sciatic ligament; the lesser notch is below 
 the spine of the ischium, and is converted 
 into a foramen by the sacrosciatic ligaments. 
 N., Scapular, one at the back of the neck 
 of the scapula through which the supra- 
 spinous and infraspinous fossas communicate. 
 N., Semilunar. See ' N., Suprascapular. 
 N., Sigmoid, a deep semilunar depression 
 separating the coronoid and condyloid pro- 
 cesses of the inferior maxillary bone. N., 
 Sphenopalatine, the notch that separates 
 the orbital and sphenoid processes of the 
 palate bone. N., Suprascapular, a notch 
 in the superior border of the scapula at the 
 base of the coracoid process, for the passage 
 of the suprascapular nerve. N., Supra- 
 sternal, the depression at the top of the 
 manubrium, between the two sternoclavicular 
 articulations. N., Tympanic. See Rivinian 
 Notch. 
 
 Notencephalus (no-tense f'-al-us) [vojtov, the 
 back; encephalon]. A variety of monster 
 in which the cranial contents are in large 
 part outside the skull, resting upon the back 
 of the neck. 
 
 Nothnagel's Symptom. Paralysis of the 
 facial muscles, which is less marked on vol- 
 untary movements than on movements con- 
 nected with emotions. This symptom has 
 been noticed in cases of tumor of the optic 
 thalamus. N.'s Test, a crystal of sodium 
 chlorid placed upon the serous surface of any 
 portion of the intestine of the rabbit causes 
 ascending peristalsis. This test has been ap- 
 plied to ascertain the direction of the bowel 
 in operations upon man, but has not been 
 found wholly reliable. N.'s Type of Facial 
 Paralysis. See N.'s Symptom. 
 
 Nothrous (no'-thrus) [vwdpog, sluggish]. Drowsy; 
 slow; languid; torpid. 
 
 Notifiable (no-tif-i'-ah-bl) [notificare, to make 
 known]. Applied to a disease which should 
 be made known to a board of health or other 
 authorities. 
 45 
 
 Notochord (no'-to-kord) [vcurov, the back; Z°P°V> 
 a cord]. An elongated cord of cells inclosed 
 in a structureless sheath, which in the embryo 
 represents the vertebral column ; the chorda 
 dorsalis, or primitive backbone. 
 
 Notomelus (no-tom'-el-us) [vtirov, the back; 
 [ikXoc, a limb]. A form of double monster 
 in which the rudimentary limbs are attached 
 to the back. 
 
 Notomyelitis {no-to-mi-el-i' -tis) [vcurov, the 
 back; myelitis]. Inflammation of the spinal 
 cord. 
 
 Noxa (noks'-ah) [L.]. An injurious principle; 
 especially a pathogenic microorganism or 
 other mater ies morbi. 
 
 Noxious (nok'-shus) [noxius, harmful]. Harm- 
 ful; poisonous or deleterious. 
 
 N-rays. See Rays, N-. 
 
 Nubecula (nu-bek'-u-lah) [dim. of nubes, a 
 cloud]. i. The cloudiness caused by the 
 suspension of insoluble matter in the urine. 
 2. A cloudiness of the cornea. 
 
 Nubility inu-bil' -it-e) [nubere, to marry]. The 
 state of sexual development when marriage 
 may be consummated. 
 
 Nucha (nu'-kah) [L.]. The nape of the neck. 
 
 Nuchal (nu'-kal) [nucha]. Pertaining to the 
 nape of the neck. 
 
 Nuck's Canal. The canal formed by Nuck's 
 diverticulum. N.'s Diverticulum, the peri- 
 toneal covering of the round ligament of the 
 uterus, which in the child can be traced for a 
 short distance into the inguinal canal. N.'s 
 Gland. See Blandin 's Gland. 
 
 Nuclear (nu'-kle-ar) [nucleus]. Pertaining to 
 or resembling a nucleus. N. Figures, the 
 peculiar arrangement of the mitome during 
 karyokinesis. N. Layer, a stratum of gray 
 matter in the cortex of the brain. N. Paral- 
 ysis, paralysis from lesions of the nuclei of 
 origin of the nerves. N. Plate, i. The equa- 
 torial plate, formed by the chromosomes 
 during the prophases of mitosis. 2. The 
 septum which sometimes divides the nucleus 
 in amitotic division. N. Spindle, delicate 
 strias appearing in the nucleus undergoing 
 mitosis, arranged with the apexes pointing 
 toward the poles of the future nuclei. Its 
 function probably is to guide the movements 
 of the mitome threads. N. Stain, a pigment 
 showing a strong affinity for nuclei. 
 
 Nuclease {nu' -kle-az) . i. An immunizing 
 enzym found in cultures of Bacillus pyo- 
 cyaneus and other organisms. 2. A proposed 
 general term to designate any of the bacterio- 
 lytic enzyms, because they digest the nucleo- 
 proteids of the bacterial cells. 
 
 Nucleated {nu' -kle-a-ted) {nucleus]. Possessing 
 a nucleus. 
 
 Nucleid {nu' -kle-id) . A compound of nucleol 
 with an oxid of some metal (iron, copper, 
 silver, mercury, etc.). 
 
 Nuclein (nu'-kle-in) [nucleus], C 29 H 49 N 9 P 3 22 . 
 An amorphous substance resembling the 
 proteids, and forming the essential chemic 
 constituent of all living cells. It is composed 
 of nucleic acid and a base; the former seems 
 
NUCLEINATE 
 
 690 
 
 NUCLEUS 
 
 to be the same for all nucleins, but the base 
 varies. Nucleins are generally insoluble in 
 dilute acids and soluble in dilute alkalis. 
 They are supposed to represent the germicidal 
 constituent of blood-serum. N. -therapy, 
 the employment of nuclein from different 
 glands and blood-serum in the treatment 
 of disease. 
 
 Nucleinate {nu 1 ' -kle-in-at) . A white, soluble 
 powder used as a diagnostic aid in tubercu- 
 losis. Dose 30-45 gr. (2-3 Gm.). 
 
 Nucleo- {nu-kle-o-) [nucleus]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to a nucleus or to nuclein. 
 
 Nucleoalbumin {nu-kle-o-al-bu'-min) [nucleo-; 
 albumin]. A compound of a proteid and 
 nuclein, occurring in cell-protoplasm. 
 
 Nucleofugal {nu-kle-o}' -u- gal) [nucleo-; fugere, 
 to flee]. Moving from a nucleus. 
 
 Nucleohiston {nu-kle-o-his' -ton) [nucleo-; fordf, 
 tissue]. 1. A substance composed of nuclein 
 and histon found in the leukocytes of the 
 blood. Nuclein induces coagulation of the 
 blood; histon prevents it. The liquid state 
 of the blood is supposed to be dependent on 
 the integrity of the compound formed by 
 these two bodies. 2. An albuminoid sub- 
 stance obtained from lymph and thymus 
 gland of calves; a white powder, soluble in 
 water, alkalis, and mineral acids. It is used 
 as a bactericide. 
 
 Nucleoid {nu'-kle-oid) [nucleo-; eldoc, like]. 
 
 1. Shaped like a nucleus. 2. A finely granu- 
 lar or fibrillar substance in the red corpuscles 
 formed from the original nucleus. 
 
 Nucleol {nu'-kle-ol). Nuclein obtained from 
 yeast. 
 
 Nucleolar {nu-kle'-o-lar) [nucleolus]. Pertain- 
 ing to the nucleolus. 
 
 Nucleolus {nu-kle'-o-lus) [dim. of nucleus]. 
 The small spheric body within the cell- 
 nucleus. Its true function has not as yet 
 been established. 
 
 Nucleon {nu'-kle-on). See Paranucleon. 
 
 Nucleonic {nu-kle-on'-ik). Pertaining to the 
 nucleus. 
 
 Nucleopetal {nu-kle-o p'-et-al) [nucleo-; petere, 
 to seek]. Seeking the nucleus: said of the 
 movement of the male pronucleus toward the 
 female pronucleus. 
 
 Nucleoplasm {nu' -Me -o - plazm) [nucleo-; 
 plasma]. 1. The protoplasm of the nucleus. 
 
 2. Chromatin. 
 
 Nucleoproteids {nu-kle-o-pro' '-te-ids) . Com- 
 pound proteids which yield true nucleins on 
 pepsin digestion, and also those which, on 
 being boiled with dilute mineral acids, yield, 
 besides proteids, xanthin bases. They occur 
 chiefly in the cell-nuclei, and are widely dif- 
 fused in the animal body. 
 
 Nucleoreticulum {nu-kle-o-ret-ik' -u-lum) [nu- 
 cleo-; reticulum, a net]. Any network con- 
 tained within a nucleus. 
 
 Nucleotherapy {nu-kle-o-ther' -ap-e) . See Nu- 
 clein-therapy. 
 
 Nucleotoxin {nu-kle-o-toks' -in) [nucleo-; to^ckov, 
 a poison]. A toxin derived from cell-nuclei; 
 any toxin affecting the nuclei of cells. 
 
 Nucleus {nu'-kle-us) [nucleus, from nux, a 
 nut]. 1. The essential part of a typical cell, 
 usually round in outline, and situated near 
 the center. 2. The center around which the 
 mass of a crystal aggregates. 3. The central 
 element in a compound, as the carbon in 
 hydrocarbons. 4. A collection of gray matter 
 in the central nervous system having a dis- 
 tinct function. 5. The deep origin of a nerve. 
 N. abducens, N., Abducent, N. abducentis, 
 a gray nucleus giving origin to the abducens 
 and facial nerves, situated within the fasciculus 
 teres, behind the trigeminal nucleus, on the 
 floor of the fourth ventricle. Syn., Nidus 
 abducentis. N., Accessoriovago glosso- 
 pharyngeal, a columnar tract of nerve-cells 
 extending from the level of the calamus 
 scriptorius to that of the auditory strias, 
 and from which the accessory vagus and 
 glossopharyngeal nerves arise in succession 
 from below upward. N. ambiguus, N., 
 Anterior, a collection of nerve-cells near the 
 nucleus of the vagus. N. amygdalae, an 
 irregular aggregation of gray matter situated at 
 the apex of the temporal lobe of the brain, 
 between it and the apex of the middle ventric- 
 ular horn. Nuclei anterolateralis, the nu- 
 clei of the lateral column. Nuclei, Auditory, 
 the nuclei in the oblongata giving rise to the 
 auditory nerves. N., Auditory, External. 
 See N. ma gno cellular is. N.,. Auditory In- 
 ternal, a columnar tract of small multipolar 
 cells embedded in the auditory eminence. 
 N. of Bechterew, an ill-defined group of 
 ganglion-cells lying dorsad of Deiters' nucleus, 
 and supposed to give origin to some of the 
 fibers of the middle root of the auditory nerve. 
 Syn., Nucleus vestibularis. N., Beclard's, 
 a vascular bony nucleus, of lenticular shape, 
 appearing in the cartilage of the lower epiphy- 
 sis of the femur during the thirty-seventh 
 week of fetal life. N., Bony, the center of 
 ossification. N., Burdach's. See N. funi- 
 culi cuneati. N., Caudal. See A7"., Oculo- 
 motor. N., Caudate, the intraventricular 
 part of the corpus striatum. N. centralis, 
 the corpus dentatum. N. cinereus, a term 
 sometimes used to designate the gray sub- 
 stance of the restiform bodies. N., Clavate, 
 Burdach's nucleus. N., Cleavage-. See N., 
 Segmentation-. N., Cuneate, N., Cuneate, In- 
 ternal, Burdach's nucleus. N., Daughter-, 
 one of the nuclei (usually two) produced by 
 the division of a mother nucleus. See Karyo- 
 kinesis. N., Deiters'. See N. magnocellu- 
 laris. N. dentatus, a folded layer of gray mat- 
 ter in the mesal part of the corresponding 
 cerebellar hemisphere, and close to the roof of 
 the fourth ventricle. N., Edinger's. See Edin- 
 ger's Nucleus. N., Edinger-Westphal's. See 
 Edinger-W estphaV s Nucleus. N. emboli- 
 formis, a small mass of gray matter situated in 
 the interval between the nucleus dentatus and 
 nucleus fastigii, and lying nearer the former. 
 N., Facial, one in the reticula at the back of 
 the pons, giving origin to the seventh or facial 
 nerve. N. fastigii, a flat expanse of gray mat- 
 
 
NUCLEUS 
 
 691 
 
 NUHN'S GLAND 
 
 ter on each side of the inferior vermiform pro- 
 cess of the cerebellum, directly over the roof of 
 the fourth ventricle. N. fimbriatus. Syno- 
 nym of Corpus dentation. N. funiculi cu- 
 neati, a mass of gray matter of the posterior 
 column of the medulla, lying beneath the 
 funiculus cuneatus. N. funiculi gracilis, 
 an elongated, club-shaped mass of gray 
 matter in the mesal portion of the posterior 
 column of the medulla. N., Germinal, the 
 nucleus resulting from the union of the male 
 and female pronuclei. N., Gingival, a part 
 of the cerebellum in the fetus (between the 
 third and fourth months) which bears some 
 resemblance to the gums. N., Globic, N. 
 globosus, the globulus, a number of small 
 round or oval masses of gray matter situated 
 in the interval between the nucleus dentatus 
 and nucleus fastigii, lying near to, and proba- 
 bly an accessor)' detachment of, the latter. 
 N. gracilis, a column of gray matter in the 
 posterior pyramid of the medulla oblongata. 
 If., Gray, the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
 N., Hypoglossal, a columnar tract of large 
 multipolar nerve-cells embedded in the cinerea 
 of the terete funicle in the inferior triangle 
 of the fourth ventricle, and giving origin to 
 the nerve-fibers forming the rootlets of the 
 hypoglossal nerve. N. hypothalami cus, 
 the subthalamus. N., Insular, one entirely 
 separated from adjoining masses of gray 
 matter. N., Intermediolateral. See 
 
 Column, Intermediolateral. N., Intermedul- 
 lary, Great, the external and internal audi- 
 tor}- nuclei considered as one. N., Intra- 
 ventricular, the caudate nucleus. N. 
 juxtaolivaris. See Olive, Accessory. N., 
 Kolliker's, the gray matter surrounding the 
 canal of the spinal cord. N., Laryngeal, the 
 nucleus of origin of the nerve-fibers of the 
 larynx. N., Lateral, that part of the cornu 
 of the cord ascending in the oblongata behind 
 the olivary body. N., Lenticular, N. lenti- 
 formis, the extra ventricular portion of the 
 corpus striatum, lying between the internal 
 and external capsules. N. of Luys, an 
 almond-shaped mass of gray matter with pig- 
 mented ganglion-cells in the subthalamic re- 
 gion. N. magnocellularis, a nucleus of gray 
 matter in the medulla oblongata, situated 
 mesad of the restiform column at the level of 
 entry of the auditory nerve-roots. Syn., 
 Belters' nucleus. N., Mesencephalic (of the 
 trigeminal nerve), a group of large nerve- 
 cells in the gray matter surrounding the 
 sylvian aqueduct. N., Mesoblastic, a 
 nucleus of a cell belonging to the mesoblast. 
 N., Mother-, a cell that is in course of divi- 
 sion into two or more parts called daughter- 
 nuclei. See Karyokinesis. N., Motor, 
 a collection of nerve-cells in the central 
 nervous system giving origin to a motor nerve. 
 N., Oculomotor, the nucleus of the oculo- 
 motor nerve, lying dorsad of the posterior 
 longitudinal bundle, under the aqueduct of 
 Sylvius. N., Olivary, a folded mass of gray 
 matter in the medulla oblongata, producing 
 
 a swelling on the surface — the olivary body. 
 N., Olivary, Accessory. See Olive, Acces- 
 sory. N. of Origin, the collection of ganglion- 
 cells in the central nervous system giving 
 origin to a nerve. N., Ossific. See N., 
 Bony. N., Peripheral. See N., In- 
 sular. N., Perlia's. See N., Spitzka's. 
 N., Polymorphic, a cell nucleus which 
 assumes irregular forms. Nuclei, Pontile, 
 N. pontis, scattered gray matter included 
 in the intervals in the bundles of fibers of 
 the ventral portion of the pons. Syn., Nidi 
 pontis. N., Postpyramidal, a gray nucleus 
 in the oblongata giving origin to the posterior 
 pyramid., N. pyramidalis, the inner acces- 
 sor}' olivary nucleus. N., Red. See A 7 ., 
 Tegmental. ' N., Respiratory, N. of Res- 
 spiration, Clarke's column. N., Restiform, 
 the gray matter of the restiform body. N. 
 ruber. ' See N., Tegmental. PL, Sacral, 
 a mass of gray matter in the spinal 
 cord at the level of the origins of the second 
 and third spinal nerves. N., Sagittal, the 
 middle part of the oculomotor nucleus. N., 
 Secondary. See Paranucleus. N., Seg- 
 mentation-, the nucleus that appears shortly 
 after the fusion of the male and female pro- 
 nuclei; the last step in the process of fertiliza- 
 tion; it is so called because within it cleav-" 
 age is first established. N., Spermatic, 
 the male pronucleus. N., Spitzka's, the 
 central nucleus of the oculomotor group 
 in the gray matter below the sylvian aqueduct. 
 N., Stilling's. Same as A"., Tegmental. 
 N., Styloid, a bony nodule contained in the 
 cartilages which unite the lesser cornua with 
 the body of the hyoid. N., Subependymal, 
 the internal nucleus of the eighth or auditor}- 
 nerve, lying just beneath the ependyma of 
 the fourth ventricle. N., Tegmental, N. 
 tegmenti, red nucleus; a mass of reticular 
 substance in the tegmentum of the crus 
 cerebri, to the inner side of the substantia 
 nigra. N., Trigeminal, several groups of 
 nerve-cells ventrad of the facial nucleus below 
 the lateral angle of the fourth ventricle. 
 N., Trochlear, the ganglionic gray substance 
 surrounding the sylvian aqueduct and giving 
 origin to the fibers of the fourth nerve. N. 
 of the Vagus, that part of the accessorio va- 
 goglossopharyngeal nucleus giving origin to 
 the pneumogastric nerve. N., Vesicular, a 
 rather large cell-nucleus, the membranes of 
 which stain deeply, while the central portion 
 remains relatively pale. N. vestibularis. 
 See N. of Bec'hterew. N., Vitelline, a 
 nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male 
 and female pronuclei within the vitellus. N., 
 Westphal's, the nucleus of origin of a part 
 of the trochlear nerve-fibers; it is situated 
 posteriorly to the trochlear nucleus proper. 
 N., White, the white substance of the dentate 
 body of the olive. 
 
 Nuel's Space. A triangular space between 
 the outer hair-cells and the outer rods of 
 Corti of the internal ear. 
 
 Nuhn's Gland. See Blandin's Gland. 
 
NULLIPARA 
 
 692 NYLANDER'S TEST FOR GLUCOSE 
 
 Nullipara inul-ip' -ar-aK) [nullus, none; par ere, 
 to bring forth]. A woman who has never 
 borne a child. 
 
 Nulliparity [nul-ip-ar' -it-e) [nullipara]. The 
 condition of being nulliparous. 
 
 Nulliparous (nul-ip' -ar-us) [nullipara]. Hav- 
 ing never borne children. 
 
 Nummular {num'-u-lar) [nummus, z. coin]. 
 Resembling a coin in form, as nummular 
 sputum; resembling rouleaux or rolls of coin. 
 
 Nummulation {num-u-la'-shun). The aggre- 
 gation of blood-corpuscles into rolls resemb- 
 ling rolls of coin. 
 
 Nunn's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, Bennett's. 
 
 Nurse's Contracture. Tetany occurring in 
 nursing women. 
 
 Nussbaum's Cell. One of the four kinds of 
 epithelial cells forming the peptic glands; its 
 function is unknown. 
 
 Nutation (nu-ta' '-shun) [nutatus, to nod]. 
 Nodding or oscillation. N. of Sacrum, a 
 partial rotation of the sacrum on its trans- 
 verse axis, whereby the distance between the 
 upper extremity or the lower extremity and 
 the anterior pelvic wall is increased. 
 
 Nutmeg [ME., nutmegge]. The seed of 
 various species of Myristica, of the order 
 MyristicecB. The kernel of the ripe seed of 
 Myristica fragrans is the myristica of the 
 U. S. P. and B. P., and is the source of a 
 volatile oil. Nutmeg is employed as a con- 
 diment, as a corrective and mild flavoring 
 agent, and it has also slight narcotic proper- 
 ties. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). N., 
 Oil of {oleum myristicce, U. S. P., B. P.), con- 
 tains a stearopten, myristin, which is the 
 glycerid of myristic acid, C 16 H 28 2 . Dose 
 2-3 min. (0.13-0.2 Cc). N., Oil of, Ex- 
 pressed (oleum myristicce expressum, B. P.), 
 the oil of mace. 
 
 Nutone (nu'-ton). A nutritive tonic said to 
 consist of cod-liver oil, malt-extract, beef- 
 juice, and glycerol emulsion, each, 25%; 
 calcium hypophosphite, 1 gr. ; sodium hypo- 
 phosphite, 1 gr. ; tincture of nux vomica, 1 
 drop in each teaspoonful. 
 
 Nutrabin (nu'-ira-bin). A dietetic prepared 
 from proteids of milk and beef; a brown 
 powder flavored with vanilla. 
 
 Nutrient (nu f -tre-ent) [see Nutriment]. 1. Af- 
 fording nutrition. 2. A substance that 
 nourishes; a food. 
 
 Nutriment (nu' -trim-ent) [nutrire, to nourish]. 
 Anything that nourishes. 
 
 Nutrition (nu-trish' -un) [nutriment]. The 
 process by which tissue is built up and waste 
 repaired. 
 
 Nutrose {nu'-troz). Neutral casein sodium, 
 a soluble powder containing 13.8% of nitro- 
 gen, used as a food in intestinal disorders. 
 
 Nux vomica (nuks vom'-ik-ah) [nux, a nut; 
 vomica, vomit]. The seed of Strychnos nux- 
 vomica, an Indian tree of the order Logania- 
 cece. It contains several alkaloids, the most 
 important being strychnin and brucin (q. v.), 
 which are united with a peculiar acid called 
 igasuric acid. In small doses it is a bitter 
 
 tonic, stimulating gastric digestion; it raises 
 blood-pressure by stimulating the heart and 
 the vasomotor center, and stimulates the 
 respiratory center and the motor centers of 
 the spinal cord. In overdoses it produces 
 tetanic convulsions and risus sardonicus; the 
 reflex excitability is enormously increased, 
 and the slightest stimulus serves to bring on 
 a convulsion. Death usually occurs from 
 asphyxia (cramp-asphyxia), and more rarely 
 from exhaustion. Nux vomica, or strychnin, 
 is employed in dyspepsia, in convalescence 
 from acute diseases, *in acute infectious dis- 
 eases, in shock, in poisoning by chloroform 
 and opium, in emphysema, phthisis, and 
 other conditions associated with dyspnea, in 
 chronic bronchitis, in constipation, in atony 
 of the bladder, in lead-palsy, and in amaurosis 
 from tobacco or alcohol. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065- 
 0.32 Gm.) N. vomica, Extract of {extractum 
 nucis vomica, U. S. P.). Dose ^— | gr. (0.01- 
 0.016 Gm.). N. vomica, Fluidextract of 
 {jluidextr actum nucis vomicae, U. S. P.). Dose 
 1-5 min. (0.065-0.32 Cc). N. vomica, 
 Tincture of (tinctura nucis vomicae, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Nyctalgia (nik-tal'-je-ah) [vu£, night; alyoc, 
 pain]. Pain which occurs chiefly during the 
 night, e. g., the osteocopic pains of syphilis. 
 
 Nyctalop (nik'-ta-lop) [v6£, night; a><j>, the 
 eye]. One who sees better at night or in 
 semidarkness than in a bright light. 
 
 Nyctalopia (nik-tal-o' -pe-ah) [see Nyctalop]. 1. 
 Night- vision; the condition in which the 
 sight is better by night or in semidarkness 
 than by daylight. It is a symptom of central 
 scotoma, the more dilated pupil at night 
 allowing a better illumination of the periph- 
 eral portions of the retina. Dr. Greenhill and 
 Mr. Tweedy have shown that according to the 
 quite universal usage of modern times, the 
 definitions of the words nyctalopia and 
 hemeralopia have been the reverse of those of 
 the early Greek and Latin writers. The 
 proper derivation, therefore, of nyctalopia 
 would be vu£, night; aXaoc, blind; axp, eye, the 
 word meaning night-blindness. Hemeralopia 
 was likewise derived from rjptepa, day; dXaoc, 
 blind; a>(/>, eye, and meant day-blindness. 
 The attempt to reinstate the ancient usage can 
 result only in confusion, and the words should, 
 therefore, never be used. 
 
 Nycterine (nik' -ter-en) [vunTEptvoe, nightly]. 
 1. Occurring in the night. 2. Obscure. 
 
 Nyctophobia (nik-to-}o f -be-ah) [vu$, night; 
 4>6ftoc, fear]. Insane dread of the night. 
 
 Nycturia (nik-tu f -re-ah) [v6$, night; obpov, 
 urine]. Nocturnal urinary incontinence. 
 
 Nylander's Test for Glucose. Dissolve 4 Gm. 
 of rochelle salts in 100 Cc. of a solution of 
 caustic potash (10%), and add 2 Gm. of 
 bismuth subnitrate; place on the water-bath 
 until as much of the bismuth salt is dissolved 
 as possible; on heating 10 volumes of urine 
 with 1 volume of the foregoing solution a 
 black coloration or the precipitation of phos- 
 phates is produced in the presence of glucose. 
 
NYMPHA 
 
 693 
 
 OBLIGATE 
 
 Nympha (nim'-fah) [vuij.<f>r], nymph]. A labium 
 minus of the vulva. 
 
 Nymphectomy, Nymphotomy (nim-fek' -to- 
 me, nim-fot' -o-me) [nympha; eKzo/jLT), exci- 
 sion]. Surgical removal of one or both 
 nymphas. 
 
 Nymphitis (nim-fi'-tis) [nympha; exec;, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the nymphas. 
 
 Nymphomania (nim-jo-ma' -ne-ah) [nympha; 
 fiavca, madness]. Excessive sexual desire on 
 the part of a woman. 
 
 Nymphomaniac {nim-jo-ma' -ne-ak) [see Nym- 
 phomania}. One affected with nymphomania. 
 
 Nymphoncus (nim-jong' '-kus) [nympha; oynog, 
 tumor]. Tumor of the nympha. 
 
 Nystagmus (ni-stag'-mus) [vuexa^eev, to nod 
 in sleep]. An oscillatory movement of the 
 eyeballs. It may be congenital or dependent 
 on intracranial disease, especially meningitis, 
 on multiple sclerosis, etc. N., Cheyne's, N., 
 Cheyne-Stokes'. See Cheyne-Stokes' Nys- 
 tagmus. N., Lateral, oscillation of the eyes 
 in the horizontal meridian. N., Rotatory, 
 an oscillatory, partial rolling of the eyeball 
 around the visual axis. N., Vertical, oscil- 
 latory movement in the vertical meridian. 
 
 Nysten's Law. Rigor mortis begins in the 
 muscles of mastication, extends to the facial 
 and neck muscles, then to the trunk and arms, 
 and finally to the lower extremities. 
 
 O 
 
 O. The symbol of oxygen; also the abbreviation 
 of oculus, eye, and of octarius, a pint. 
 
 Oak (ok) [AS., ac\. A genus of trees, 
 Quercus, of the order Cupulijerce. The dried 
 bark of Quercus alba, white oak, is official 
 in the U. S. P. It contains a peculiar tannic 
 acid known as quer'citannic acid, and a bitter 
 principle, quercin, and is used as an astringent 
 tonic, especially in the form of the oak-bath. 
 It has also been employed in leukorrhea, 
 hemorrhoids, and prolapse of ,the rectum. 
 Dose of the bark 15 gr. (1 Gm.); of the 
 fluidextract (fluidextr actum quercus, U. S. P.) 
 15 min. (1 Cc). 
 
 Oakum (o'-kum) [AS., acumba, tow]. A mate- 
 rial made by picking old rope to pieces. It 
 has been used as a dressing for wounds, 
 and in the form of pads to absorb lochial 
 discharges. 
 
 Oat (ot) [AS., aian x oats]. A cereal plant, 
 Avena saliva, or other species of Avena, and 
 its seed. O. Treatment (of v. Noorden), in 
 diabetes mellitus: consists in daily regime of 
 250 Gm. of oat-flakes or meal cooked for a 
 long time in water, 100 Gm. of albumin, 300 
 Gm. of butter. 
 
 Oatmeal (ot'-mel). The meal made from oats. 
 It is used in the form of a gruel, as a food, 
 as a demulcent and laxative, and as an emol- 
 lient poultice. . 
 
 Ob- [L.]. A prefix signifying on, against, in 
 front of, or toward. 
 
 Obdormition (ob-dor-mish'-un) [obdormire, to 
 fall asleep]. Numbness of a part due to 
 interference with nervous function; the state 
 of a part when it is said to be "asleep." 
 
 Obduction (ob-duk r -shun) [Ger.]. A necropsy. 
 
 O'Beirne's Sphincter. A thickened circular 
 bundle of muscular fibers, situated in the 
 rectum, just below its junction with the 
 colon. O'B.'s Tube, a long, flexible tube 
 used in making rectal injections. 
 
 Obelion (o-be f -le-on) See under Craniometric 
 Point. 
 
 Obermeier, Spirillum of. A spirillum found 
 in the blood in relapsing fever. See under 
 Bacteria. 
 
 Obermeyer's Test for Indican in the Urine. 
 
 With a lead-acetate solution (1 15) precipitate 
 the urine; care must be taken not to add an 
 excess of lead solution. Filter, and shake 
 the filtrate for one or two minutes with an 
 equal quantity of fuming hydrochloric acid 
 which contains 1 or 2 parts of ferric chlorid 
 solution to 500 parts of the acid. Add chloro- 
 form, which becomes blue from the genera- 
 tion of indigo-blue. 
 
 Obermueller's Test for Cholesterin. Place 
 the cholesterin in a test-tube, and fuse with 
 2 or 3 drops of propionic acid anhydrid over 
 a small naked flame. The fused mass on 
 cooling is violet, changing to blue, green, 
 orange, carmin, and finally, copper-red. 
 
 Obesity (o-bes' -it-e) [obesus, fat]. An excessive 
 development of fat throughout the body; 
 corpulence; polysarcia. 
 
 Obex (o'-beks) [L., "a barrier"]. A band of 
 white nervous matter at the point of the cala- 
 mus scriptorius. 
 
 Obfuscation (ob - jus -ka'- shun) [ob-; fuscus, 
 dusky]. 1. Darkening or clouding, as obfus- 
 cation of the cornea. 2. Mental confusion. 
 
 Object-glass (ob f -jekt-glas) . See Objective (3). 
 
 Objective (ob-jek'-tiv) [ob-; jacere, to throw]. 
 
 1. Pertaining to an object or to that which 
 is contemplated or perceived, as distinguished 
 from that which contemplates or perceives. 
 
 2. Pertaining to those relations and conditions 
 of the body perceived by another, as objective 
 signs of disease. 3. The lens of a microscope 
 nearest the object. 
 
 Obligate (ob f -lig-at) [obligare, to bind]. Con- 
 strained; bound. O. Aerobic, of a micro- 
 organism, one that can live only as an aerobe. 
 O. Anaerobic, of a microorganism, one that 
 can live only as an anaerobe. O. Para- 
 site, a parasite that can live only as a 
 parasite. 
 
OBLINITION 
 
 694 
 
 OCCLUSION 
 
 Oblinition (ob-lin-ish'-un) [oblinere, to smear]. 
 Inunction. 
 
 Oblique (ob-lek' or ob-lik') [obliquus]. Slant- 
 ing. 
 
 Obliquimeter (ob-lik-wim'-et-er) [oblique; fik- 
 xpov, a measure]. An instrument fitted with 
 arms employed to indicate the angle formed 
 by comparing the plane of the pelvic brim 
 with the perpendicular axis of the upright 
 body. 
 
 Obliquity (ob-lik' -wit-e) [oblique]. The state of 
 being oblique. 
 
 Obliquus (ob-li'-kwus) [L., "slanting"]. A 
 term applied to various muscles. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Obliteration (ob-lit-er-a'-shun) [obliterate, to 
 efface, from ob-; litera, a letter]. Removal of 
 a part; extirpation; complete closure of a 
 lumen. 
 
 Oblongata (ob-lon-ga'-tah) [L.]. The medulla 
 oblongata. 
 
 Obsession (ob-sesh'-un) [ob-; seder e, to sit]. 
 Possession by evil spirits. O. dentaire, neu- 
 rasthenic neuralgia erroneously attributed to 
 the teeth. 
 
 Obsolescence (ob-so-les'-ens) [obsolescere, to 
 grow old]. The state of becoming old or 
 obsolete. 
 
 Obstetric (ob-stet' '-rik) [obstetrics]. Pertaining 
 to the practice of obstetrics. 
 
 Obstetrician (ob-stet-rish'-an) [obstetrics]. One 
 who practises obstetrics. 
 
 Obstetrics {ob-stet' -riks) [obstare, to stand be- 
 fore]. The branch of medicine that deals 
 with the care of women during pregnancy, 
 labor, and the puerperium. 
 
 Obstipation (ob-stip-a' -shun) [obstipare, to stop 
 up]. Constipation. 
 
 Obstruction (ob-struk'-shun) [ob-; struere, to 
 build], i. The state of being obstructed or 
 blocked up. 2. The act of impeding or block- 
 ing up. 3. An impediment or obstacle. 
 
 Obstructive (ob-siruk'-tiv) [obstruction]. 1. 
 Stopping or blocking up. 2. Due to an ob- 
 struction, as obstructive jaundice. 
 
 Obstruent (ob'-stru-ent) [obstruere, to close up]. 
 1. Obstructive; tending to obstruct. 2. Any 
 remedy or agent closing the lumen or orifice 
 of vessels or ducts. 
 
 Obtund (ob-fund') [ob-; tundere, to beat]. To 
 blunt or dull; to lessen, as to obtund sensibil- 
 ity. 
 
 Obtundent (ob-tund'-ent) [obtundere, to make 
 dull]. Soothing, quieting; a remedy that re- 
 lieves or overcomes irritation or pain. 
 
 Obturation (ob-tu-ra'-shun) [obturare, to stop 
 up]. The closing of an opening or passage. 
 
 Obturator (ob'-tu-ra-tor) [obturation]. 1. 
 Closing an opening. 2. That which closes 
 an opening. 3. Pertaining to the obturator 
 membrane, muscles, etc. O. Foramen, a 
 foramen in the anterior part of the os innom- 
 inatum. See Foramen, Obturator. O. Mem- 
 brane, the membrane closing the obturator 
 foramen. O. Muscle. See under Muscle. O. 
 Nerve. See under Nerve. 
 
 Obtusion (ob-tu'-shun) [obtundere, to blunt]. 
 
 The blunting or weakening of normal sen- 
 sation: a symptom of certain diseases. 
 
 Occipital (ok-sip' -it-al) [occiput]. Pertaining to 
 or in relation with the occiput. O. Artery. See 
 under Artery. O. Bone. See Bones, Table of. 
 O. Cross, the internal occipital protuberance. 
 O. Lobe, one of the lobes of the cerebrum. O. 
 Nerve. See under Nerve. O. Protuberance, 
 the prominence on the inner surface (internal) 
 or on the outer surface (external) of the oc- 
 cipital bone. O. Triangle. See under 
 Triangle. 
 
 Occipito- (ok-sip-it-o-) [occiput]. A prefix de- 
 noting connection with or relation to the oc- 
 cipital bone or the occiput. 
 
 Occipitoanterior (ok-sip-it-o-an-te'-re-or) [occip- 
 ito-; anterior]. Having the occiput directed 
 toward the front, as the occipitoanterior posi- 
 tion of the fetus in the uterus. 
 
 Occipitoatloid (ok-sip-it-o-af -loid) [occipito-; 
 atlas; ddog, form]. Pertaining to the occipital 
 bone and the atlas. 
 
 Occipitoaxoid (ok-sip-it-o-aks'-oid) [occipito-; 
 axis; eldoe, form]. Pertaining to the occipital 
 bone and the axis. 
 
 Occipitobregmatic (ok-sip-it-o-breg-mat'-ik) 
 [occipito-; bregma]. Pertaining to the occiput 
 and the bregma. 
 
 Occipitocervical (ok-sip-it-o-ser' -vik-al) [occip- 
 ito-; cervix]. Pertaining to the occiput and 
 the neck. 
 
 Occipitofrontal (ok-sip-it-o-fron'-tal) [occipito-; 
 frontal]. Pertaining to the occiput and fore- 
 head, or to the occipitofrontal muscle (occipito- 
 frontal). 
 
 Occipitomastoid (ok - sip - it - o - mas' - toid) 
 [occipito-; mastoid]. Pertaining to the occip- 
 ital bone and the mastoid process. 
 
 Occipitomental (ok-sip-it-o-men'-tal) [occipito-; 
 mentum, the chin]. Pertaining to the occiput 
 and the chin. 
 
 Occipitoparietal (ok-sip-it-o-par-i' -et-al) [occip- 
 ito-; parietal]. Pertaining to the occipital 
 and parietal bones, or. to the occipital and 
 parietal lobes of the brain. 
 
 Occipitoposterior (ok-sip-it-o-pos-te'-re-or) [oc- 
 cipito-; posterior]. Having the occiput di- 
 rected backward, as the occipitoposterior posi- 
 tion of the fetus in the uterus. 
 
 Occipitotemporal (ok-sip-it-o-tem'-por-al) [oc- 
 cipito-; temporal]. Pertaining to the occipital 
 and temporal bones. 
 
 Occiput (ok'-sip-ut) [ob-, over against; caput, 
 the head]. The back part of the head. 
 
 Occluding (ok-lu'-ding) [see Occlusion]. Clos- 
 ing; applied to the grinding surfaces of molars 
 and bicuspids. 
 
 Occlusal (ok-lu'-sal). See Occluding. 
 
 Occlusion (ok-lu'-zhun) [ob-, against; claudere, 
 to shut]. 1. A closing or shutting up. 2. 
 The state of being closed or shut. 3. The 
 absorption, by a metal, of gas in large quan- 
 tities, as of hydrogen by platinum. 4. The 
 full meeting or contact in a position of rest 
 of the masticating surfaces of the upper and 
 lower teeth; it is erroneously called articula- 
 tion of the teeth. 
 
OCCLUSIVE 
 
 695 
 
 ODONTOLOGY 
 
 Occlusive (ok-lu'-ziv) [see Occlusion]. Closing 
 or shutting up, as an occlusive surgical dress 
 ing. 
 
 Occupation-disease. One caused by the oc 
 cupation of the patient. See Occupation- 
 neurosis. 
 
 Occupation-neurosis. A functional disturb- 
 ance of the part used in carrying on a cer- 
 tain occupation, as writer's cramp, tele- 
 grapher's cramp, etc. 
 
 Ocher (o'-ker) [(b^pdc, pale]. A variety of fine 
 clay containing iron; the common colors are 
 yellow and red. 
 
 Ochlesis (ok-le'-sis) [pxXoc, crowd]. Any dis- 
 ease due to overcrowding. 
 
 Ochlophobia (ok-lo-fo'-be-ah) [oxXoc, crowd; 
 <f)6ftoc, fear]. Morbid fear of crowds. 
 
 Ochronosus (o-kron' '-o-sus) [ocher; vbaoc, dis- 
 ease]. Any disease marked by dark discolora- 
 tion of the cartilages and allied structures. 
 
 Ocotea (ok-ot'-e-ah) [native name in Guiana]. 
 A genus of laurinaceous trees. O. cujumary, 
 of Brazil, furnishes seeds which are used in 
 dyspepsia. O. opifera, a variety the oil from 
 the fruit and the bark of which is used as 
 an antirheumatic. O. pretiosa is used in 
 neurasthenia. 
 
 Octad (ok'-tad) [octo, eight]. An octavalent 
 element. 
 
 Octan (ok'-tan) [octo]. Returning every eighth 
 day, as an octan fever. 
 
 Octarius (ok-ta'-re-us) [octo]. An eighth part 
 of a gallon; a pint. Abbreviated O. 
 
 Octavalent (ok-tav' -al-ent) [octo; valere, to be 
 worth]. Having a quantivalence of eight. 
 
 Octavipara {pk-tav -ip'-ar -ah). See Octipara. 
 
 Octigravida (ok-te-grav'-id-ah) [octo; gravida, 
 a pregnant woman]. A woman pregnant 
 for the eighth time. 
 
 Octipara (ok-tip'-ar-ah) [octo; parere, to bring 
 forth]. A woman who has been in labor 
 eight times. 
 
 Octivalent. See Octavalent. 
 
 Octoacetate (ok-to--as'-et-at). A compound of 
 eight molecules of the radicle of acetic acid 
 with a base. 
 
 Octoferric (ok-to-fer'-ik) [octo; ferrum, iron]. 
 Containing eight atoms of iron in the molecule. 
 
 Ocular (ok'-u-lar) [oculus, the eye], i. Pertain- 
 ing to or in relation with the eye. 2. The 
 lens of a microscope that is turned toward 
 the eye. O., Compensating, a lens that 
 compensates for axial aberration of the ob- 
 jective. O., Huygenian, a lens consisting 
 of two planoconvex lenses, the convex- 
 ities being directed toward the objective; the 
 lower lens is the field-lens, the upper, the eye- 
 lens. 
 
 Oculin (ok' '-u-lih) . An organotherapeutic prep- 
 aration said to be a glycerol extract from the 
 ciliary body of the eyes of oxen. 
 Oculist (ok'-u-list). Synonym of Ophthalmol- 
 ogist. 
 Oculo- (ok-u-lo-) [oculus, eye]. A prefix signi- 
 fying pertaining to the eye. 
 Oculomotor (ok-u-lo-mo' -tor) [oculo-; movere, 
 to move]. 1. Pertaining to the movement 
 
 of the eye, as the oculomotor nerve. 2. Per- 
 taining to the oculomotor nerve, as the oculo- 
 motor nucleus. 
 
 Oculomotorius (ok-u4o-mo-to f -re-us) [see Occu- 
 lomotor]. The third, or motor oculi, nerve. 
 
 Oculozygomatic (ok-u-lo-zi-go-mat'-ik) [oculo-; 
 zygoma]. Pertaining to the eye and the zy- 
 goma. See Jadelot's Lines. 
 
 Oculus (ok'-u-lus) [L.]. An eye. 
 
 Oculustro (ok-u-lus'-tro). A soap consisting 
 of oleate of potassium, glycerol, and turpen- 
 tine. 
 
 O. D. Abbreviation of oculus dexter, right eye. 
 
 Odol (o'-dol). A mouth-wash, said to consist 
 of phenyl salicylate, 2.5 parts; oil of pepper- 
 mint, 0.5 part; saccharin, 0.004 part; and 
 alcohol, 97 parts. 
 
 Odontagra (o-don-ta'-grah) [ddouc, tooth; ay pa, 
 seizure]. Toothache, especially a form due 
 to gout. 
 
 Odontalgia (o-don-tal' -je-ah) [ddouc, tooth; aX- 
 yoc, pain]. Toothache. O., Phantom, pain 
 felt in the space from which a tooth is absent. 
 
 Odonterism (o-don' -ter-izm) . Chattering of the 
 teeth. 
 
 Odonthemodia (o-dont-hem-o' -de-ah) [ddouc, 
 tooth; alptcodta, a having the teeth on edge]. 
 Hemodia; excessive sensibility of the teeth. 
 
 Odontiasis (o-don-ti' -as-is) [ddovxcaacc, teeth- 
 ing]. Dentition; the cutting of teeth. 
 
 Odontitis (o-don-ti' -tis) [ddouc, tooth; exec, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the teeth. 
 
 Odonto- (o-don-to-) [ddouc, tooth]. A prefix 
 signifying pertaining to a tooth. 
 
 Odontoatlantal (o-don-to-at-lant'-al). Same as 
 Atloaxoid. 
 
 Odontoblast (o-don' -to-blast) [odonto-; ^Xaaxoc, 
 a germ]. One of the cells covering the dental 
 papilla and forming the dentin. 
 
 Odontobothriitis (o-don-to-both-re-i'-tis) [odon- 
 to-; ftodpcov, a little cavity; cue, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the socket of a tooth. 
 
 Odontoclast (o-don' '-to-klast) [odonto-; kXcl- 
 ecv, to break]. A protoplasmic cell engaged 
 in absorbing the fang of a deciduous tooth. 
 
 Odontodol (o-don' -to-doT) . A dental anodyne 
 said to contain cocain hydrochlorid, 1 part; 
 oil of cherry-laurel, 1 part; tincture of ar- 
 nica, 10 parts; solution of ammonium acetate, 
 20 parts. 
 
 Odontodynia (o-don-to-din'-e-ah) [odonto-; 
 dduvfj, pain]. Toothache. 
 
 Odontogeny (o-don-to]' -en-e) [odonto-; yevvdv, 
 to beget]. The origin and development of 
 teeth. 
 
 Odontography (o-don-to g' -ra-fe) [odonto-; ypa- 
 (fyecv, to write]. The descriptive anatomy of 
 the teeth. 
 
 Odontoid, Odontonoid (o-don' -toid, o-don'-to- 
 noid) [odonto-; eldoc, like]. Resembling a 
 tooth; tooth-like. O. Ligament. See Liga- 
 ment, Odontoid. O. Process, the dentate pro- 
 cess of the second cervical vertebra. 
 
 Odontolith (o-don' -to-lith) [odonto-; XWoc, a 
 stone]. The calcareous accretion on the 
 teeth, popularly known as tartar. 
 
 Odontology (o-don-tol'-o-je) [odonto-; Xdyoc, 
 
ODONTOMA 
 
 696 
 
 OIL 
 
 science]. The branch of science dealing with 
 the anatomy and diseases of the teeth. 
 
 Odontoma (o-don-to' -mah) [odonto-; opta, tumor], 
 A tumor arising in connection with the teeth 
 and presenting a tooth-like structure. 
 
 Odontonecrosis (o-don-to-nek-ro'-sis) [odonto-; 
 necrosis]. Necrosis or decay of the tissues of 
 the teeth. 
 
 Odontoneuralgia (o - don -to-nu- ral' - je - ah) 
 [odonto-; neuralgia]. Neuralgia due to dis- 
 eased teeth. 
 
 Odontopathy (o-don-to p'-ath-e) [odonto-; rthdog, 
 suffering]. Any disease of the teeth. 
 
 Odontoprisis (o-don-to-pri'-sis) [odonto-; itpi- 
 occ, a sawing]. Grinding of the teeth. 
 
 Odontorthosia (o-don-tor-tho' -ze-ah) [odonto-; 
 dpdoc, straight]. The operation of straight- 
 ening irregularly growing teeth. 
 
 Odontoseisis (o-don-to-si'-sis) [odonto-; oslocc, 
 a shaking]. Looseness of the teeth from par- 
 tial or total destruction of the alveolar pro- 
 cesses, caused most frequently by disease of 
 the gums. 
 
 Odontosis (o-don-to' '-sis) [Sdouc, tooth]. The 
 formation and development of the teeth. 
 
 Odontotherapy (o-don-to-ther'-ap-e) [odonto-; 
 6 span eta, treatment]. The treatment of dis- 
 eases of the teeth. 
 
 Odontotrypy (o-don-tof -rip-e) [odonto-; xpoTtdv, 
 to perforate]. Perforation of a tooth to re- 
 move pus or a diseased pulp. 
 
 Odoriferous (o-dor-if -er-us) [odor; ferre, to 
 carry]. Fragrant. 
 
 O'Dwyer's Method of Treating Intubation 
 Ulcers. This consists in the employment of 
 tubes provided with a narrow neck and coated 
 with a layer of gelatin and alum. The gelat- 
 inized tube is left in the larynx for five days, 
 at the end of which time it is removed and 
 replaced by a similar tube. This process is 
 repeated three times, at the end of which the 
 ulcer will usually be found to be completely 
 healed. O'D.'s Tubes, tubes used for intu- 
 bation of the larynx. 
 
 Odynacousis, Odynacusis (o-din-ah-koo'-sis) 
 [doovfj, pain; olkoUcv, to hear]. Pain caused 
 by noises. 
 
 -odyne, -odynia (-o-din, -o-din' -e-ah) [dduvq, 
 pain]. A suffix denoting pain. 
 
 Odynolysis (o-din-oV -is-is) [ddovq, pain; XUcv, 
 to loose]. Alleviation of pain. 
 
 Odynopeia (o-din-o-pe' -e-ah) [dduvfj, pain; nocslv, 
 to make]. The induction of labor-pains. 
 
 Odynopeic (o-din-o-pe' -ik). Oxytocic. 
 
 CE-. See E-. 
 
 Oehl's Layer. The stratum lucidum of the 
 epidermis. 
 
 CEnanthe (e-nan'-the) [olvoc, wine; avdoc, a 
 flower]. A genus of umbelliferous plants. 
 The fruit of (E. phellandrium is. diuretic, 
 carminative, and recommended as a specific 
 sedative to the bronchial mucosa. Dose of 
 powdered fruit i dr. (4 Cc.) in 24 hours. 
 
 Oertel's Method. The treatment of circulatory 
 disturbances of heart disease, obesity, emphy- 
 sema, etc., by mechanic means. The objects 
 aimed at are: 1. Diminution of the fattv 
 
 tissue deposited, achieved by regulating the 
 diet, etc. 2. Reduction of the body-fluids, 
 accomplished by reducing the ingestion of 
 all fluids. 3. Strengthening of the heart- 
 muscle and promotion of the development 
 of compensatory hypertrophy, attained by 
 methodic mountain -climbing and other syste- 
 matic exercise. 4. Stimulation of the circu- 
 lation by massage, passive movements, and 
 sanitary gymnastics. 
 
 Oese [Ger.]. An instrument consisting of a loop 
 of platinum wire affixed to a glass handle and 
 employed in bacteriologic investigation. 
 
 Official (o}-ish'-al) [officium, duty; service]. Of 
 medicines, sanctioned by the recognized au- 
 thority, i. e., the pharmacopeia. 
 
 Officinal (of-is'-in-al) [officina, a workshop]. 
 For sale in the shops; kept on sale in apothe- 
 caries' shops. 
 
 Ogston's Line. An imaginary line extending 
 from the tubercle of the femur to the inter- 
 condyloid notch, and indicating the course 
 of the tendon of the adductor magnus; it is 
 a guide in section of the internal condyle 
 from the shaft of the femur. 
 
 Ohm (dm) [G. S. Ohm, a German physicist]. 
 The unit of electric resistance. The ohm 
 adopted as a standard varies: the British 
 Association ohm is the resistance of a col- 
 umn of mercury 1 square millimeter in sec- 
 tion and 1. 049318 meters long. The legal 
 ohm is similar to that just described ex- 
 cept that the column of mercury is 1.06 
 meters in length. The international ohm, 
 adopted 1893, is the resistance of a column 
 of mercury 1.063 centimeters long and weigh- 
 ing 14.4521 grams. O.'s Law, the current 
 strength in any conductor varies directly as 
 the electromotive force, and inversely as the 
 resistance. 
 
 Oidial (o-id'-e-al). Pertaining to or due to a 
 fungus of the genus Oidium. 
 
 Oidiomycosis (o-id-e-o-mi-ko'-sis) [cjov, an egg; 
 mycosis]. A disease produced by yeast-fungi 
 of the genus Oidium. O. cutis, a cutaneous 
 disease produced by blastomycetic fungi of 
 the genus Oidium. 
 
 Oidium (o-id'-e-um) [dim. of dov, egg]. A genus 
 of parasitic fungi. 0. albicans, the thrush- 
 fungus. 
 
 Oikoid (oi'-koid) [ofooc, house; eldog, like]. 
 The stroma of red corpuscles. 
 
 Oikologic (oi-kol-oj'-ik) [oIkoc, house; Xofoc, 
 science]. Relating to the condition and im- 
 provement of homes. 
 
 Oikosite (oi'-ko-sit) [oIkoq, house; o'croc, food]. 
 A parasite fixed to its host. 
 
 Oil [oleum, from eXacov, oil]. A liquid of ani- 
 mal or vegetal, sometimes of mineral, origin, 
 having a peculiar feel, and not miscible with 
 water. Animal and vegetal oils are either 
 volatile or fixed. (For the various oils not 
 defined here see under the qualifying word.) 
 O., Aleurites, a fixed oil with nutty flavor 
 from the seeds of the candlenut tree, 
 Aleurites triloba. It is a mild cathartic, 
 acting in the same manner as castor- 
 
OIL 
 
 697 
 
 OIL 
 
 oil and more promptly. Dose J-i oz. (15- 
 30 Cc). O., Almond. See under Amyg- 
 dala. O. of Amber. See Succinum. O., 
 Animal, an oil obtained from destructive 
 distillation of bones; applied in skin diseases 
 and used internally in hysteria. Dose 5-20 
 min. (0.3-1.2 Cc). 0., Arbor vitse. See 
 O., Thuja. O. of Asphalt, a rubefacient, 
 antiseptic oil obtained from destructive dis- 
 tillation of asphalt; it is applied in rheu- 
 matism and parasitic skin diseases. O., 
 Basil-, an essential oil from the leaves of 
 Ocimum basilicum. It is antiseptic and 
 stimulant. Dose 1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 Cc). 
 0. of Birch-bark, a volatile oil from the 
 bark of Betula lenta, almost identical with 
 oil of wintergreen; antirheumatic and anti- 
 septic Dose 5-30 min. (0.3-1.8 Cc). 0. 
 of Birch-wood, an antiseptic black liquid 
 from Betula alba. It is used in skin dis- 
 eases. O. of Bitter Almond. See under 
 Amygdala. 0. of Cade. See Cade, Oil of. 
 O. of Camomile (German), an essential oil 
 from Matricaria chamomilla. It is used in 
 colic, cramps, etc. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06- 
 0.3 Cc). O. of Camomile (Roman), an 
 essential oil from the flowers of Anthemis 
 nobilis. It is tonic and stomachic. Dose 1—5 
 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). 0., Camphorated, a 
 solution of camphor in olive-oil. 0., Candle- 
 nut. See O., Aleurites. O. of Caraway. 
 See under Carum. O., Carron, an oil con- 
 sisting of equal or nearly equal parts of 
 linseed-oil and lime-water. It is used as an 
 application to burns, and is named after 
 the Carron iron-works in Scotland, where 
 it was first employed. O. of Cascarilla, 
 a volatile oil from the bark of Croton 
 eluteria; it is stimulant and aromatic and 
 is used as an adjuvant in bitter tonics. 
 Dose 1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 Cc). 0. of 
 Cherry-laurel, an essential oil from the 
 leaves of Prunus lanrocerasus; it has the odor 
 and properties of oil of bitter almonds; used 
 as a sedative. Dose |-| min. (0.01-0.03 Cc). 
 0. of Citronella, an essential oil from var- 
 ious species of the grass Andropogon. 0., 
 Cocoanut-, a white, semisolid fat, soluble 
 in alcohol and ether, obtained from the nut 
 of Cocos nucifera. It is used as an alterant 
 and nutrient and as an ointment-base. Dose 
 2-4 dr. (8-16 Cc). O. of Cypress, a volatile, 
 oily liquid obtained from the fresh leaves 
 and shoots of Cupressus sempervirens. It is 
 antiseptic and antispasmodic and is recom- 
 mended in whooping-cough; used by sprink- 
 ling the clothes and room. O., Dill, a vola- 
 tile oil from the fruit of dill, Peucedanum 
 graveolens; it is used as a carminative. Dose 
 3-10 min. (0.2-0.6 Cc.).' O., Dippel's. See 
 O., Animal. O.s, Distilled, volatile oils. 
 0., Doegling. See Doegling Oil. O.s, Es- 
 sential. See Essential Oils. 0., Ethereal. 
 See Oleum cethereum. 0., Fatty, salt -like 
 bodies composed of characteristic acids (oleic, 
 palmitic, and stearic), known as fatty acids, 
 and a base. In most cases the base is gly- 
 
 ceryl, the radicle of the triatomic alcohol, 
 glycerol, so that the oils are said to be gly- 
 cerids of the several fatty acids. See O., 
 Fixed. O., Fixed, one not volatilizing on 
 the application of heat. Fixed oils are also 
 called fatty oils, because they in part consti- 
 tute the animal and vegetal fats. Some 
 are liquid, as olive-oil, cottonseed-oil, linseed- 
 oil, castor-oil,* etc.; others are solid, as tal- 
 low and beeswax, which chemically belong 
 to the group of oils. See O., Fatty. O., 
 Fusel, amylic alcohol. O. of Gaultheria. 
 See O. of Wintergreen. O., Gomenol, a 
 terpinol said to be obtained from Melaleuca 
 leucadendron; it is recommended in per- 
 tussis. Dose 1^-3 dr. (6-12 Cc.) of 5% oil 
 injected into the gluteal muscles. O., Heavy, 
 of Wine, the product obtained when alcohol 
 is treated with an excess of sulfuric acid. See 
 Oleum cethereum. O. of Hops, a volatile oil 
 from hops; sedative, tonic, and narcotic. 
 Dose 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). O. of Horse- 
 mint, a volatile oil from Monarda punctata; 
 used as a carminative. Dose 1-10 min. (0.06- 
 0.6 Cc). O. of Hyoscyamus Leaves, a 
 green oil prepared by heating a fixed oil with 
 fresh leaves of Hyoscyamus niger; used as a 
 sedative in the cough of tuberculosis. Dose 
 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 Cc). 0., Hyssop, a vola- 
 tile oil from Hyssopus officinalis; used in 
 diarrhea, colic, etc. Dose 1-5 min. (0.06- 
 0.3 Cc). 0., Juniper, Empyreumatic. 
 See Cade, Oil of. 0., Lard, oil from hog's 
 lard. 0., Linseed-. See Lini, Oleum, under 
 Ltnum. 0. of Male -fern, a volatile oil from 
 Dryopteris flix-mas and D. marginalis; it 
 is used as an anthelmintic. Dose 12-25 
 min. (0.7-1.5 Cc). 0., Margosa, a bitter 
 yellow oil from the seeds of Melia azadirachta; 
 it is used as an anthelmintic and as an ap- 
 plication in rheumatism and in sunstroke. 
 0., Marjoram, Wild, an essential oil from 
 the tops of Origanum vulgare; it is antiseptic, 
 tonic, and emmenagog. Dose 2-10 min. 
 (0.12-0.6 Cc). It is also used externally in skin 
 diseases. 0. of Matico, a volatile antiseptic 
 oil from Piper angustifolium; used in dis- 
 eases of the urinary tract. Dose §-1 min. 
 (0.03-0.06 Cc). 0., Mineral, petroleum 
 and certain of its derivatives. 0. of Neroli, 
 an essential oil from the flowers of bitter 
 orange, used as a perfume. 0., Niaouli, a 
 volatile oil from the leaves of Melaleuca leu- 
 cadendron, containing 66%, of eucalyptol; 
 used in tuberculosis.' Dose 4 min. (0.25 
 Cc.) 6 times daily; as an injection, 
 i6| min. (1 Cc.) in olive-oil. 0. of Orange- 
 peel, an essential oil from the fresh rind of 
 Citrus aurantium. 0., Origanum. See O., 
 Marjoram, Wild; also the common but er- 
 roneous name for oil of thyme. 0. of Pinus 
 pumilio, a very fragrant volatile oil from 
 the leaves of Pinus pumilio; antiseptic and 
 expectorant, and used also in glandular en- 
 largements and skin diseases. Dose 5-10 
 min. (0.3-0.6 Cc). 0., Rock-, petroleum. 
 0. Seneca, crude petroleum. 0., Sesame, 
 
OINOMANIA 
 
 698 
 
 OLFACTORY 
 
 a fixed oil from the seeds of Sesamum indicum; 
 it is laxative and nutrient. Dose 4-8 dr. 
 (15-30 Cc.). O. of Spike, a volatile oil 
 from the leaves and tops of Lavandula spica; 
 carminative and rubefacient, and used ex- 
 ternally in rheumatism. 0., Straits, the 
 first oil obtained by the exposure of the livers 
 of codfish to the sun in casks, on board ship. 
 O., Sweet-. See Olive-oil. . O. of Theo- 
 broma, cacao-butter. O., Thuja, an essential 
 oil from the leaves of Thuja occidentalis ; em- 
 menagog, tonic, and antiseptic. 0. of Tur- 
 pentine, a volatile oil from the concrete 
 resin of Pinus palustris and other species; 
 chiefly consisting of C 10 H 16 ; it is anthelmintic, 
 antiseptic, diuretic, and rubefacient. Dose 
 5-120 min. (0.3-7.4 Cc). O., Valerian, a 
 volatile oil from the rhizome and root of 
 Valeriana officinalis, used in nervous diseases. 
 Dose 4-5 min. (0.25-0.3 Cc). 0., Vola- 
 tile, one which vaporizes at ordinary tem- 
 peratures. Volatile oils are odoriferous, and 
 are generally obtained by distillation. O., 
 White Cedar. See O., Thuja. 0. of Win- 
 tergreen, an essential oil from the leaves of 
 Gaultheria procumbens; used in rheumatism 
 and chronic cystitis. Dose 5-10 min. (0.3- 
 0.6 Cc). 
 
 Oinomania {pi-no -ma' -ne-ali) [olvoc, wine; 
 jiavca, madness]. 1. A form of insanity char- 
 acterized by an irresistible craving for, and 
 consequent indulgence in, drink. 2. Deli- 
 rium tremens. 
 
 Ointment (oint'-ment) [L., unguentum]. A fatty 
 material of the consistence of butter, gen- 
 erally impregnated with a medicinal sub- 
 stance, and used for application to the skin. 
 0., Citrine. See Citrine Ointment. 0., 
 Lister's, boric acid, 1; white wax, 1; par- 
 affin, 2; almond oil, 2 parts. 0., Maury's, 
 one composed of one dram of mercuric nitrate 
 and half a dram each of powdered opium 
 and rhubarb to an ounce of simple ointment. 
 It is used as an application to ulcers. 0., 
 Simple. See Unguentum. (For other oint- 
 ments not here defined see under Unguentum 
 or the qualifying word.) 
 
 Old-sight. Presbyopia. 
 
 Oleaginous (o-le-af -in-us) [oleum, oil]. Oily. 
 
 Oleander (o-le-an'-der). See Nerium. 
 
 Olease (o'-le-az). An enzym in olives which 
 causes precipitation of the coloring-matter of 
 olive-oil and rancidity by formation of fatty 
 acids. 
 
 Oleate (o'-le-at)\oleum, oil]. 1. A salt of oleic 
 acid. 2. A mixture of oleic acid with cer- 
 tain medicinal principles. 
 
 Olecranarthritis (o-lek-ran-ar-thri'-tis) [ole- 
 cranon; arthritis]. Inflammation of the 
 elbow-joint. 
 
 Olecranon (o-lek'-ran-on) [(hXevq, the ulna; upa- 
 v'cov, skull]. The large concave process at 
 the upper extremity of the ulna. 
 
 Oleflant (o-lef -e-ant) [see Olefin]. Making oil. 
 O. Gas. See Ethylene. 
 
 Olefin (o'-lef-in) [oleum, oil; facere, to make]. 
 Olefiant gas; also any one of a series of un- 
 
 saturated hydrocarbons having the formula 
 
 Oleic (o'-le-ik) [oleum]. Relating to, contain- 
 ing, or obtained from oil. O. Acid. See 
 Acid, Oleic. 
 
 Olein (o'-le-in) [oleum], C 57 H 104 O 6 . A neu- 
 tral fat, glyceryl trioleate, occurring in olive- 
 oil, butter, and other animal and vegetal 
 fats. It is a colorless oil with a faint, sweet- 
 ish taste, insoluble in water, readily soluble 
 in alcohol and ether. 
 
 Oleo- (o-le-o-) [oleum]. A prefix to denote 
 connection with or relation to an oil. 
 
 Oleobalsamic Mixture (o-le-o-bawl-sam'-ik). A 
 mixture of the oils of lavender, thyme, lemon, 
 mace, orange-flowers, cloves, and cinnamon, 
 with balsam of peru and alcohol. It is used 
 as a nervine. 
 
 Oleocreasote (o-le-o-kre' -a-sot) [oleo-; creasote]. 
 A yellowish, neutral liquid composed of crea- 
 sote, 33 °/ c , and oleic acid. It is used in 
 bronchial and pulmonary diseases. Dose 10- 
 15 min. (0.65-1.0 Cc). 
 
 Oleoguaiacol (o-le-o-gwi'-ak-ol). See Guaiacol 
 Oleate. 
 
 Oleoinfusion (o-le-o-in-fu' -shun). An oily 
 solution of a drug. 
 
 Oleomargarin (o-le-o-mar' -gar-in) [oleo-; p.ap- 
 yapog, the pearl-oyster]. An artificial butter 
 made by removing the excess of stearin from 
 tallow or suet. 
 
 Oleoresin (o-le-o-rez' -in) [oleo-; resina, resin]. 
 A substance consisting chiefly of a mixture 
 of an essential oil and a resin extracted from 
 plants with ether. 
 
 Oleum (o'-le-um) [L.]. See Oil. (For the 
 various oils (olei) not defined here see under 
 Oil or under the qualifying word.) 0. aethe- 
 reum, a volatile, yellowish liquid consisting 
 of equal volumes of heavy oil of wine and 
 ether. Heavy oil of wine is produced when 
 alcohol and sulfuric acid are distilled, and 
 is a mixture of ethyl sulfate, ethyl sulfite, 
 and several polymeric forms of ethylene. O. 
 fixum, a fixed oil. See Oil, Fixed. 0. 
 nigrum, a reddish-yellow oil, obtained in the 
 East Indies from the seeds of Celastrus 
 paniculatus; it is a powerful stimulant and 
 diaphoretic, and is used in rheumatism, 
 gout, and various fevers. 0. phosphora- 
 tum, a mixture of phosphorus, 1 gr. ; ether, 
 9 gr. ; almond oil, 90 Cc. It is prescribed in 
 rachitis. 
 
 Olfaction (ol-fak'-shun) [olfacere, to smell]. 
 The function of smelling. 
 
 Olfactometer (ol-fak-tom' -et-er) [olfaction; 
 [xhpov, a measure]. An instrument for de- 
 termining the power of smell. 
 
 Olfactory (ol-fak'-to-re) [olfaction]. Pertain- 
 ing to the sense of smell. O. Bulb. See 
 Bulb, Olfactory. O. Cells, the cells of the 
 nasal fossas forming the peripheral end-organs 
 of the olfactory nerve. O. Center, the cere- 
 bral center for the sense of smell, supposed 
 to be in the hippocampal gyrus. 0. Groove. 
 See O. Sulcus. O. Lobe, the olfactory tuber- 
 cle, olfactory tract, and olfactory bulb con- 
 
OLIBANUM 
 
 699 
 
 OLIVER'S SYMPTOM 
 
 sidered together. O. Nerve. See under Nerve. 
 O. Region, the area of distribution of the 
 olfactory nerve in the upper part of the 
 nose. 0. Sulcus, the furrow for the olfactory 
 tract and bulb on the cribriform plate of 
 the ethmoid bone, and on the orbital surface 
 of the cerebral hemispheres. O. Tract, the 
 central portion of the olfactory lobe terminat- 
 ing anteriorly in the olfactory bulb and pos- 
 teriorly in the olfactory tubercle. O. Tuber- 
 cle, the expanded end of the narrow olfac- 
 tory lobe. Commonly called olfactory nerve 
 or first cranial nerve; the olfactory bulb. O. 
 Vesicle, a part budded 
 off from the cerebral 
 vesicle and forming the 
 olfactory lobe. 
 
 Olibanum {p-lib' -an-um) 
 [Ar., al-luban, frankin- 
 cense]. A gum-resin 
 produced by various 
 species of Boswellia. It 
 has been used as a sub- 
 stitute for the balsams 
 of peru and tolu, as an 
 inhalation in laryngeal 
 and bronchial inflam- 
 mations, for fumigation, 
 and in plasters. Syn., 
 Frankincense. 
 
 Oligemia {pl-ig-e' -me-ah) 
 [oUjoc, scanty; alp.a, 
 blood]. A state in which 
 the total quantity of the 
 blood is diminished. 
 Oligaemia serosa. Same 
 as Hydremia. 
 
 Olighydria, Oligidria (ol- 
 ig-hi'-dre-ah, ol-ig-id'-re- 
 ah) [oligo-; uocop, water], 
 body-fluids. 
 
 Oligo- (ol-ig-o-) [dXcyoc, few or scanty]. A 
 prefix signifying want or deficiency. 
 
 Oligocholia {pl-ig-o-ko' -le-ah) [oligo-; #oat?, 
 bile]. A deficiency of bile. 
 
 Oligochromemia {ol-ig-o- kro - me r -me- ah) 
 [oligo-; %pu)pia, color; alp.a, blood]. Deficiency 
 of hematin in the blood. 
 
 Oligochrosis (ol-ig-o-kro' 'sis) [oligo-; %p<l)Occ, 
 a coloring]. Deficiency of hemoglobin in the 
 blood-corpuscles. 
 
 Oligochylia {ol-ig-o-W -le-ah) [oligo-; xulbc, 
 chyle]. A deficiency of chyle. 
 
 Oligocopria {pl-ig-o-kop' -re-ah) [oligo-; nonpoc, 
 excrement]. Deficiency of excrement. 
 
 Oligocythemia iol-ig-o-si-the' -me-ah) [oligo-; 
 kutoc, cell; al/ia, blood]. A deficiency of 
 red corpuscles in the blood. 
 
 Oligocytosis (ol-ig-o-si-to'-sis). See Oligo- 
 cythemia. 
 
 Oligogalactia (ol-ig-o-gal-ak' '-te-ah) [oligo-; gal- 
 actia]. Deficiency in the secretion of milk. 
 
 Oligogalia (ol-ig'-o-ga' -le-ah). See Oligogal- 
 actia. 
 
 Oligoglobulia (ol-ig-o-glo-bu 1 '-le-ah) . See Oli- 
 gocythemia. 
 
 Oligohydramnios (ol - ig - o-hi - dram'-ne-os) 
 
 Olfactory Cells. 
 
 n. From human being, 
 n. From frog. e. 
 Supporting cell. 
 
 Deficiency of the 
 
 [oligo-; hydr amnios']. A deficiency in the 
 quantity of the amniotic fluid. 
 
 Oligomania {pl-ig-o-ma' -ne-ah) [oligo-; jiavca, 
 madness]. Insanity in which only a few of 
 the mental faculties are deranged. 
 
 Oligomorphic (ol-ig-o-mor'-fik) [oligo-; p-op<j>rj, 
 form]. Applied to organisms which have but 
 few stages of development. 
 
 Oligonitrophilous (ol-ig-o-ni-tro}' '-il-us) [oligo-; 
 nitrogen; c^ch'cv, to love]. Organisms occur- 
 ring freely in nature, which develop in nu- 
 trient mediums containing combined nitro- 
 gen. They have the ability of assimilating 
 and utilizing atmospheric nitrogen. 
 
 Oligophosphaturia {ol-ig-o- fos-fat-u' -re-ah). . A 
 decrease in the amount of phosphates in the 
 urine. 
 
 Oligophrenia (ol-ig-o-f re' -ne-ah) [oligo-; §pi\v, 
 mind]. Imbecility. 
 
 Oligoplasmia (ol-ig-o-plaz' -me-ah) [oligo-; 
 plasma]. A deficient amount of plasma in 
 the blood. 
 
 Oligospermia [ol-ig-o-sper' -me-ah) [oligo-; aizkp- 
 fia, seed]. A deficiency in the secretion of 
 semen. 
 
 Oligotrophy (ol-ig-ot' -ro-je) [oligo-; zpo^ij, nour- 
 ishment]. Defective or imperfect nutrition. 
 
 Oligozoospermia {ol -ig-o-zo - o - sper' -me-ah) 
 [oligo-; £<l>ov, animal; orripfia, seed]. Defi- 
 ciency of the spermatozoa in the spermatic 
 fluid. 
 
 Oliguria (ol-ig-u' -re-ah) [oligo-; o&pov, urine]. A 
 diminution in the quantity of urine excreted. 
 
 Oligydria iol-ig-id' -re-ah). See Olighydria. 
 
 Oliva (o-li'-vah) [L.]. The olivary body. 
 
 Olivary {ol'-iv-a-re) [olive]. Resembling an 
 olive in shape. O. Body, an oval mass 
 of gray matter situated behind the anterior 
 pyramid of the medulla. O. Fasciculus. 
 See Fillet, Olivary. O. Nucleus. See Nu- 
 cleus, Olivary. O. Peduncle, the mass of 
 fibers entering the hilum of the olivary body. 
 O. Process. See Process, Olivary. 
 
 Olive {ol'-iv) [L., oliva]. i. The oil -tree, 
 Olea europcea, of the natural order Oleacece. 
 The value of the olive lies chiefly in its fruit, 
 from which a fixed oil is expressed — oleum 
 olivce (U. S. P., B. P.). Olive-oil consists 
 chiefly of olein and palmitin, and is used as a 
 nutritive food; in medicine as a laxative; in 
 the treatment of gall-stones; as an anthel- 
 mintic; as an emollient external application 
 to wounds, burns, etc.; and as an ingredient 
 of liniments, ointments, and plasters. 2. The 
 olivary body. O., Accessory. 1. A nucleus 
 composed of two small masses of gray mat- 
 ter — an outer (the external accessory olivary 
 body of Miiller) and an inner (the internal 
 accessory olivary body of Miiller), within the 
 olive, situated above and to the inner side 
 of the dentatum. Syn., Accessory olivary 
 nucleus; Nucleus juxtaolivaris. 2. A gray 
 plate dorsad of the olive. 3. A similar but 
 smaller gray plate dorsad of the pyramid. O.- 
 oil. See under Olive (1.) 
 
 Oliver's Symptom. Pulsation of the larynx, 
 elicited by grasping the larynx between the 
 
OLIVER-CARDARELLI'S SYMPTOM 700 
 
 ONCOSIS 
 
 thumb and index-finger and pressing upward, 
 the patient being in the erect position; it is 
 noted in aneurysm of the aortic arch and in 
 mediastinal tumors that bring the arch of the 
 aorta in contact with the left bronchus. O.'s 
 Test for Albumin, float the urine on a mix- 
 ture of equal parts of sodium tungstate solu- 
 tion (i .4) and a saturated solution of citric 
 acid (10 : 6). If albumin is present, a white 
 ring is formed at the junction of the two 
 liquids. 
 
 Oliver-Cardarelli's Symptom. See Oliver's 
 Symptom. 
 
 Oilier' s Law. When two bones are parallel 
 and joined at their extremities by ligaments, 
 arrest of growth in one of them entails devel- 
 opmental disturbances in the other. O.'s 
 Layer, the inner or osteogenetic layer of the 
 periosteum. 
 
 -oma (-o-mah) [6fia]. A termination denoting 
 a tumor. 
 
 Omagra (om-a'-grah) [ajfiof, shoulder; ay pa, 
 seizure]. Gout in the shoulder. 
 
 Omal {o'-mal). See Trichlor phenol. 
 
 Omalgia (o-maV -je-ah) [<Lp.og, shoulder; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Same as Omodynia. 
 
 Omarthritis (o-mar-thri'-tis) [o»//of, shoulder; 
 arthritis]. Inflammation of the shoulder- 
 joint. 
 
 Omasum (om-as'-um). See Many plies. 
 
 Omental (o-men' -tal) [omentum]. Pertaining 
 to the omentum. O. Hernia. See Epip- 
 locele. 
 
 Omentum {o-men' -turn) [L., "adipose mem- 
 brane"]. A fold of the peritoneum connecting 
 the abdominal viscera with the stomach. 
 O., Gastrocolic, a fold of peritoneum at- 
 tached to the greater curvature of the stomach 
 above and, after dipping down over the 
 intestine, returning to inclose the transverse 
 colon. Between the ascending and descend- 
 ing folds is the cavity of the great omentum. 
 Syn., Great omentum. O., Gastrohepatic, 
 a double fold of peritoneum passing from the 
 lesser curvature of the stomach to the trans- 
 verse fissure of the liver. On the left side 
 it includes the esophagus; on the right its 
 edges are free and inclose all the structures 
 issuing from or entering the transverse fissure 
 of the liver: the hepatic vessels and nerves 
 and the bile-duct. Behind it is the foramen 
 of Winslow. Syn., Lesser omentum. O., 
 Gastrosplenic, the fold of peritoneum pass- 
 ing from the stomach to the spleen. O., 
 Pancreaticosplenic, a fold of peritoneum 
 uniting the tail of the pancreas with the 
 lower part of the inner surface of the spleen. 
 
 Omnivorous (om-niv' -o-rus) [omnis, all; vorare, 
 to devour]. Subsisting on all kinds of food. 
 
 Omo- (o-mo-) [topioc, shoulder]. A prefix de- 
 noting connection with or relation to the 
 scapula or shoulder. 
 
 Omodynia (o-mo-din'-e-ah) [omo-; ddovq, pain]. 
 Pain in the shoulder. 
 
 Omohyoid (o-mo-hi' '-oid) [omo-; hyoid]. Per- 
 taining conjointly to the scapula and the 
 hyoid bone. O. Muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Omophagia (o-mo-fa' -je-ah) (hp.6c, raw; <j)ayuv, 
 to eat]. The practice of eating raw food. 
 
 Omphalelcosis (om-fal-el-ko'-sis) [omphalos; 
 Ukcoocc, ulceration]. Ulceration of the navel. 
 
 Omphalic (om-faV -ik) [omphalos]. Pertaining 
 to the umbilicus. O. Duct, the vitelline duct: 
 the duct connecting the umbilical vesicle 
 with the fetal intestine during the first three 
 months of intrauterine life. 
 
 Omphalitis {om-fal-i' -tis) [omphalos; acg, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the navel. 
 
 Omphalo- (om-fal-o-) [omphalos]. A prefix 
 denoting relation to the navel. 
 
 Omphalocele (om-fal '-o-sel) [omphalo-; kt)Xtj, 
 hernia]. Umbilical hernia. 
 
 Omphalomesaraic, Omphalomesenteric (om- 
 fal-o-mez-ar-a' -ik, om-fal-o- mez -en- ter' - ik) 
 [omphalo-; mesentery]. Pertaining conjointly 
 to the umbilicus and the mesentery. O. 
 Arteries. See under Artery. O. Duct, a duct 
 connecting the intestinal canal of the embryo 
 with the umbilical vesicle. 
 
 Omphaloncus (om-fal-ong'-kus) [omphalo-; 
 oyKoc, tumor]. A tumor or swelling at the 
 navel. 
 
 Omphalopagus (om-fal-op' -ag-us) [omphalo-; 
 Trqyvuvat, to make fast]. A double monster 
 united at the umbilicus. 
 
 Omphalophlebitis (om-fal-o-fleb-i'-tis) [ompha- 
 lo-; phlebitis]. Inflammation of the umbilical 
 vein. 
 
 Omphalorrhagia (om - fal -or -a' - je - ah) [om- 
 phalo-; p-qyvuvac, to burst forth]. Hemor- 
 rhage from the umbilicus. 
 
 Omphalorrhea (om-fal-or-e'-ah) [omphalo-; 
 poia, a flow]. An effusion of lymph at the 
 navel. 
 
 Omphalos (om'-fal-os) [d/x^aUc, the navel]. 
 The umbilicus. 
 
 Omphalosite (om-fal' -o-sit) [omphalo-; olzoc, 
 nourishment]. A single monster, which, lack- 
 ing the heart, receives its blood-supply through 
 the umbilical vessels, and is, therefore, in- 
 capable of extrauterine existence. 
 
 Omphalotomy (om-fal-ot'-o-me) [omphalo-; 
 Top.7), a cutting]. The cutting of the umbilical 
 cord. 
 
 Omphalotripsy (om-fal-o-trip'-se) [omphalo-; 
 Tpcftetv, to rub]. Separation of the umbilical 
 cord by a crushing instrument. 
 
 Onanism (o'-nan-izm) [from Onan, the son 
 of Judah]. 1. Incomplete coitus. 2. Mas- 
 turbation. 
 
 Oncograph (ong' -ko-graf) [oyKoc, a mass; 
 ypafaw, to record]. An instrument register- 
 ing the changes of volume of an organ placed 
 in an oncometer. 
 
 Oncology (ong-koV -o-je) [byKoe, a mass; Xbyoc, 
 science]. The branch of surgery and pathol- 
 ogy relating to tumors. 
 
 Oncometer (ong-kom'-et-er) [oyKOf, a mass; 
 fihpov, a measure]. An instrument for meas- 
 uring variations in the volume of an organ, 
 especially of the kidney or spleen. 
 
 Oncosis (ong-ko'-sis) [oynoc, a, mass]. The 
 diseased state marked by the growth of 
 tumors. 
 
ONCOTOMY 
 
 701 
 
 OOPHOROMANIA 
 
 Oncotomy (ong-kot'-o-me) [of/coc, a mass; 
 rojj.7), a cutting]. The operation of incising a 
 tumor or other swelling. 
 
 Oneiric, Oniric (o-ni'-rik) [ovecpof, a dream]. 
 Relating to dreams; attended by visions. 
 
 Oneirism (o-ni'-rizm) [see Oneiric]. A condi- 
 tion of cerebral automatism analogous to the 
 dream state, as a dream prolonged to the 
 waking period. 
 
 Oniomania (o-ne-o-ma'-ne-ah) [iovloc, to be 
 bought; jiavea, madness]. A mania for buy- 
 ing everything. 
 
 Onion (un'-yun) [L., unto, an onion]. The 
 Allium cepa and its bulb. The latter con- 
 tains a volatile oil resembling oil of garlic, 
 and consisting principally of C 6 H l2 S. The 
 onion is diuretic, expectorant, and rube- 
 facient, and is at times used in dropsy, bron- 
 chitis, etc.; locally it has been applied as an 
 emollient poultice. 
 
 Onkinocele (ong-kin' -o-seV) [oynoc, a mass; 
 7f, a fiber; ktjXtj, tumor]. Inflammation 
 of the tendon-sheaths attended by swell- 
 ing. 
 
 Ononis (o-no'-nis) [ovoc, an ass]. A genus of 
 leguminous plants. The diuretic root of 
 O. spinosa, rest-harrow, a shrub of Europe, is 
 used in dropsy and gout. 
 
 Ontogenesis, Ontogeny (on-to-jen'-es-is, on- 
 to]' -en-e) [ojv; ovtoc, existing; j-ewav, to beget]. 
 The development of the individual organism. 
 See also Phylogenesis. 
 
 Onychatrophia (on-ik-at-ro' '-fe-ah) [onyx; 
 atrophy]. Atrophy of the nails. 
 
 Onychauxis (on-ik-awks'-is) [onyx; aij^ecv, 
 increase]. Hypertrophy of the nail. 
 
 Onychia (on-ik'-e-ah) [onyx]. Inflammation 
 of the matrix of the nail. O. maligna, 
 a form occurring in debilitated persons, and 
 characterized by an unhealthy ulcer in the 
 matrix of the nail, 
 the latter becoming 
 discolored and 
 
 thrown off. O. 
 simplex, onychia 
 without much ul- 
 ceration, with loss 
 of the nail and its 
 replacement by a 
 new one. 
 
 Onychitis (on-ik-i'- 
 tis). See Onychia. 
 
 Onycho- (on -ik -o -) 
 [onyx]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to 
 the nails. 
 
 Onychograph (on - 
 ik'-o-graf) [onycho-; 
 Ypafiecv, to write]. 
 An instrument for 
 recording variations 
 in blood-pressure in Chronic OnychA — (Moul- 
 the capillaries of the '*»■) 
 
 tips of the fingers. 
 
 Onychogryposis (on-ik-o-gri-po'-sis) [onycho-; 
 Ypuizioocc, curvature]. A thickened, ridged, 
 and curved condition of the nail. 
 
 Onychoma (on-ik-o' -mah) [onycho-; bpa, tumor]. 
 A tumor of the nail-bed. 
 
 Onychomycosis • (on-ik-o-mi-ko' -sis) [onycho-; 
 mycosis]. A disease of the nails due to 
 parasitic fungi, as the trichophyton, acho- 
 rion, etc. 
 
 Onychophagy (on-ik-o f -a j-e) [onycho-; fyaytuv, 
 to eat]. The practice of biting the nails. 
 
 Onychophyma (on-ik-o-ft'-mah) [onycho-; fo/ia, 
 a growth]. Morbid degeneration of the 
 nails. 
 
 Onychorrhexis (on - ik -or - eks' - is) [onycho-; 
 prj$cc, rupture]. The splitting of the nails. 
 
 Onychorrhiza (on-ik-or-i'-zah) [onycho-; pc^a, 
 a root]. The root of the nail. 
 
 Onychosis (on-ik-o' -sis) [onyx]. Any disease 
 of the nails. 
 
 Onychostroma (on-ik-os-tro'-mah) [onycho-; 
 oxpcbpa, mattress]. The matrix, or sensi- 
 tive tissue of the finger, forming the bed of 
 the nail. 
 
 Onychyphosis (on-ik-if-o'-sis) [onycho-; u(j)T], 
 a web]. A disease of the toe-nails, con- 
 sisting in an accumulation of thickened, 
 horny layers of epidermis under the nail, 
 raising it from its bed and sometimes altering 
 its growth. 
 
 Onyx (on'-iks) [6vu£, nail], i. A nail of the 
 fingers or toes. 2. A collection of pus between 
 the corneal lamellas at the most dependent 
 part. 
 
 Onyxitis (on-iks-i'-tis). Onychia. 
 
 Ooblast (o'-o-blast) [cJov, egg; ftXaozoc, a 
 germ]. A cell of the germinal epithelium 
 giving rise to an ovum. 
 
 Oocyst (o'-o-sist) [woy, egg; k&ouc, a cyst]. 
 Applied by some writers to the cysts in which 
 the vermicules of the malaria parasite encyst 
 themselves. The term is misleading; spore- 
 cyst is preferable. 
 
 Oocyte (o'-o-sit) [wov, egg; kuzoc, a cell]. The 
 ovarian egg-cell before the formation of the 
 polar bodies. Syn., Ovocyte. 
 
 Oodeocele (o-od'-e-o-sel) [cj'ov, egg; eldoc, like; 
 ktjXtj, hernia]. Obturator hernia. 
 
 Oodocresol (o-od-o-kre'-sol). See Traumatol. 
 
 Ookinete (o-o-kin'-et). See Oocyst. 
 
 Oophoralgia (o-of-or-al'-je-ali) [oophoron; dXyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the ovaries. 
 
 Oophorectomy (o-o-for-ek' -to-me) [oophoron; 
 iKTop.7), excision]. Excision of the ovary. 
 
 Oophorin (o-of'-or-in). An organotherapeutic 
 preparation made from the ovaries of cows 
 and hogs. 
 
 Oophoritis (o-of-or-i'-tis) [oophoron; ncg, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the ovary. 
 
 Oophoro- (o-of-or-o-) [oophoron]. A prefix 
 meaning relating to the ovary. 
 
 Oophorocystosis (o-of-or-o - sist - 0' - sis) 
 [oophoro-; kOoxcc, a cyst]. The formation of 
 ovarian cysts. 
 
 Oophorohysterectomy (o-of - or -o-his-ter-ek'- 
 to-me) [oophoro-; hysterectomy]. Removal 
 of the uterus and ovaries. 
 
 Oophoromania (o-of-or-o-ma'-ne-ah) [oophoro-;- 
 fxavia, madness]. Insanity due to ovarian 
 disorder. 
 
OOPHORON 
 
 Oophoron (o-of'-o-ron) [tiov, egg; (f)kpecv, to bear]. 
 The ovary. 
 
 Oophorosalpingectomy (o-of-or-o-sal-pin- 
 
 jek'-to-me) [oophoro-; salpingectomy]. Ex- 
 cision of an ovary and oviduct. 
 
 Oophorosalpingotomy (o-of-or-o-sal-pin - got'- 
 o-me) [oophoro-; salpingotomy]. Surgical 
 removal of the ovary and oviduct. 
 
 Oophorostomy (o-o-Jor-os'-to-me) [oophoro-; 
 ord/ia, mouth]. The establishment of an 
 opening into an ovarian cyst for drainage. 
 
 Oophorrhaphy {o-of-or'-a-fe) [oophoro-; pacf>r], 
 suture]. The operation of suturing an ovary 
 to the pelvic wall. 
 
 Oosperm {o' -o-sperm) [y'ov, egg; onkpp.a, seed]. 
 The cell formed by union of the ovum and 
 the spermatozoon. 
 
 Oospora {o-os'-po-rah) [tiov, egg; onopa, seed]. 
 A genus of fungi. O. bovis, a name proposed 
 for the fungus of actinomycosis. O. guig- 
 uardi, a fungus that causes the deposition 
 of carbonate of lime in the connective tissue 
 of the walls of cystic tumors and skeletal 
 nodosities. 
 
 Oothectomy (o-o-thek' '-to-me) [w'ov, egg; Otjkt] 
 a case; i/cro/x^, excision]. The surgical re- 
 moval of an ovary. 
 
 Opacification (o-pas-if-i-ka'-shun) [opacity]. 
 The process of becoming opaque. 
 
 Opacity {o-pas'-it-e) [opacus, dull]. i. The 
 condition of being impervious to light. 2. An 
 opaque spot, as opacity of the cornea or lens. 
 
 Opaline {o' -pal-en) [onaXXcoc, an opal]. Having 
 the appearance of an opal. O. Patch, the 
 mucous patch of syphilis, forming, in the 
 mouth, a whitish pellicle. 
 
 Opalisin {o-pal' -is-in) . A proteid found in 
 considerable quantity in human milk, less 
 in mares' milk, and in very small quantity 
 in cows' milk. 
 
 Open [AS.]. Exposed to the air, as an open 
 wound; interrupted, as an open circuit, one 
 that is interrupted so that the electric current 
 cannot pass. 
 
 Operant {op'-e-rant) [see Operation]. 1. Ef- 
 fective; active. 2. An operator. 
 
 Operation {op-er-a'-shun) [operatio, from op- 
 erari, to labor; to do]. 1. Anything done 
 or performed, especially anything done with 
 % instruments; a surgical procedure. 2. The 
 mode of action of anything. O., Abbe's, 
 lateral anastomosis of the intestine with catgut 
 rings. O., Adams'. 1. Osteotomy for anky- 
 losis of the hip-joint, the neck of the femur 
 being divided subcutaneously within the 
 capsule. 2. See O., Alexander's (2). O., 
 Alexander's. 1. For the relief of epi- 
 lepsy: ligation of the vertebral artery to 
 diminish the blood-supply to the brain. 2. 
 For prolapse and retroflexion of the uterus: 
 shortening of the round ligaments for the 
 purpose of holding the uterus in its normal 
 position. O., Aliingham's (H.), for inguinal 
 colotomy: the incision is made parallel to 
 the outer third of Poupart's ligament, and 
 about one-half inch above. O., Amussat's, 
 lumbar colotomy: a transverse incision is 
 
 OPERATION 
 
 made, crossing the outer border of the quad- 
 ratus lumborum muscle. 0.,Anel's. 1. For 
 aneurysm: ligation on the cardiac side close 
 to the aneurysm. 2. For stricture of the 
 lacrimal duct: dilation by means of a gold 
 probe, followed by the injection of an as- 
 tringent fluid into the sac. O., Annandale's. 
 1. For dislocated cartilages: incision into the 
 knee-joint and stitching of the dislocated 
 cartilages into their proper position. 2. For 
 genu valgum: partial excision of both con- 
 dyles of the femur. O., Antyllus', for 
 aneurysm: it consists in ligation above and 
 below the sac, followed by opening of the 
 aneurysm and evacuation of its contents. 
 O., Appolito's, enterorrhaphy by means of 
 a form of right-angle continuous suture. 
 O., Arlt-Jaesche's, for distichiasis : the edge 
 of the lid and the contained ciliary bulbs are 
 dissected from the tarsus, a crescent-shaped 
 piece of skin is removed from the lid above 
 the flap, and the edges of the wound are 
 united, thus transplanting the ciliary bulbs 
 farther away from the edge of the lids. O., 
 Ball's. 1. Iliac colotomy, in which the in- 
 cision is made in the left semilunar line, 
 and the bowel secured above and below the 
 future artificial opening by means of two 
 special clamps, which are removed after 
 suturing and opening of the bowel. 2. For 
 inguinal hernia: the sac is separated up to 
 the abdominal portion of the neck, and then 
 twisted around its own axis, after which the 
 fundus is cut away and the stump is secured 
 in the ring. O., Barker's. 1. For excision 
 of the astragalus: the incision runs from just 
 above the tip of the external malleolus forward 
 and a little inward, curving toward the dorsum 
 of the foot. 2. For excision of the hip: by an 
 anterior incision, commencing on the front 
 of the thigh, one-half inch below the anterior 
 superior iliac spine, and running downward 
 and inward for three inches. O., Barwell's, 
 osteotomy for genu valgum: division of the 
 lower and upper end of the tibia above and 
 below their respective epiphyses. O., Bas- 
 sini's, for the radical cure of inguinal hernia: 
 the sac is exposed, twisted, and the neck 
 ligated and removed; the spermatic cord is 
 lifted, and the border of the rectus is stitched 
 to the edge of the internal oblique, the trans- 
 versalis muscle, and the transversalis fascia 
 to Poupart's ligament under the cord. The 
 cord is placed upon this layer and the border 
 of the external oblique is stitched to Poupart's 
 ligament over the cord. O., Battey's, 
 removal of the ovaries for the purpose of 
 inducing the menopause. Syn., Normal 
 ovariotomy. O., Beer's, for cataract: ex- 
 traction by the flap-method. O., Billroth's, 
 pylorectomy: a parietal incision is made in 
 almost a transverse direction; the divided 
 walls of the stomach and bowel are brought 
 together and united by sutures on the side 
 of the greater curvature of the stomach. O., 
 Brasdor's, for aneurysm: ligation immedi- 
 ately beyond the aneurysm. O., Bryant 's f 
 
 
OPERATION 
 
 703 
 
 OPERATION 
 
 lumbar colotomy: an oblique incision is made 
 midway between the last rib and the iliac 
 crest. The bowel is fixed in position and 
 opened. O., van Buren's, for prolapsus 
 ani: a linear cauterization of the mucosa with 
 the Paquelin cautery. O., Capital, one in- 
 volving a risk of life. O., Carnochan's. i. 
 For elephantiasis: ligation of the main artery 
 of the limb. 2. For neuralgia: removal of 
 the second division of the fifth nerve, together 
 with the sphenopalatine ganglion as far back 
 as the foramen rotundum. O., Cheyne's, for 
 the radical cure of femoral hernia : after reduc- 
 ing the hernia, a flap of the pectineus muscle is 
 raised and made to cover the hernial orifice. 
 O., Chopart's, a method of amputation 
 through the foot: the bony structure is 
 divided at the articulation between the as- 
 tragalus and the calcaneum behind, and the 
 scaphoid and cuboid bones anteriorly. O., 
 Cock's, a method of external urethrotomy: 
 the urethra is opened behind the stricture 
 without a guide, the knife being carried into 
 the median line of the perineum and the 
 incision extended vertically so far as is neces- 
 sary. O., Cooper's, for ligation of the ex- 
 ternal iliac artery : an incision four or five inches 
 long is made parallel with Poupart's ligament, 
 and nearly an inch above it, commencing 
 just outside the center of the ligament and 
 extending outward and upward beyond the 
 anterior superior iliac spine. O., Cripps', 
 iliac colotomy: an imaginary fine from the 
 anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus 
 is crossed at right angles, i| inches from the 
 superior spine, by an incision 2\ inches long. 
 The bowel is fixed in position and opened. 
 O., Czerny's, for the radical cure of inguinal 
 hernia: the sac is exposed and isolated; the 
 neck is tied with a strong catgut ligature, 
 and cut off below this point; the stump is 
 pushed into the abdominal cavity; the borders 
 of the opening are freshened and united by 
 continuous catgut sutures. O., Dallas', for 
 the radical cure of inguinal and femoral 
 hernia: after a transverse incision through 
 the integument a special instrument is intro- 
 duced to produce abrasion of the hernial 
 canal; the instrument is then withdrawn, and 
 the external wound sealed with iodoform 
 collodion and a compress applied. The canal 
 is obliterated by the resulting inflammatory 
 action. O., Diefenbach's, for amputation 
 at the hip-joint: an elastic ligature is applied 
 around the limb, a circular incision is made 
 down to the bone, the vessels are secured, 
 and the ligature removed; a knife is inserted 
 two inches above the greater trochanter and 
 the incision is carried down the outer aspect 
 of the bone to meet the circular incision; the 
 joint is then disarticulated. O., Dittel's, 
 for enlarged prostate: enucleation of the 
 lateral lobes of the prostate by an external 
 incision. O., Dudley's, for retroversion of 
 the uterus: the abdomen is opened, and a 
 strip is denuded from the anterior surface of 
 the uterus., and likewise a strip along the 
 
 inner side of each round ligament, followed 
 by suturing of the three together. O., Du- 
 play's. 1. For epispadias: the urethra is 
 formed at the expense of the corpus spongio- 
 sum and corpora cavernosa instead of by 
 flaps. 2. For hypospadias: it is performed 
 in three stages: (1) straightening of the penis 
 and the formation of a meatus; (2) the forma- 
 tion of a canal from the meatus to the hypo- 
 spadiac opening; (3) junction of the old and 
 new canals. O., Dupuytren's, for amputa- 
 tion at the shoulder-joint : two rounded flaps 
 are taken from the outer and inner aspects 
 of the arm; the outer flap is made first by 
 transfixion from behind at a point two inches 
 below the acromion; the bone is then dis- 
 articulated and a short inner flap cut from 
 within outward. O., Emmet's, for lacerated 
 perineum: the crest of the rectocele and the 
 two lower caruncles are drawn together by 
 tenaculums, and the tissue thus folded together 
 is denuded as far into the sulci as the folds 
 extend. V- sna P e d stitches are passed from 
 the center toward the circumference in the 
 sulci, and the perineum is closed by two or 
 three superficial sutures. O., Equilibrating, 
 tenotomy on the direct antagonist of a para- 
 lyzed ocular muscle. O., Esmarch's. 1. 
 For amputation at the hip-joint: the soft parts 
 of the thigh are divided to the bone by a 
 single sweep of the knife five inches below the 
 tip of the trochanter; the bone is then sawed 
 across and a second incision is made to join 
 the first from a point two inches above the 
 trochanter, when the bone is shelled out. 2. 
 For ankylosis of the lower jaw: an incision 
 about two inches long is made along the 
 lower border of the jaw, and a wedge-shaped 
 piece of bone is removed from the hori- 
 zontal portion. O., Estlander's, for em- 
 pyema: resection of several ribs for the 
 escape of the pus and to allow the chest- 
 wall to come in contact with the lung. O., 
 Frank's, of gastrotomy: consists in form- 
 ing a valve out of a small cone of the stom- 
 ach-wall. The oblique incision is made and 
 a cone of the stomach pulled out and its 
 base sutured to the parietal peritoneum. 
 A second incision is then made immediately 
 above the rib-margin, the bridge of the skin 
 is elevated, and the cone pulled up beneath 
 it and the apex sutured into the second 
 wound. The tube is inserted and the first 
 skin-wound closed. O., Gant's, for anky- 
 losis of the hip-joint: division of the shaft 
 of the femur just below the lesser trochanter. 
 O., (von) Graefe's, for cataract: extraction 
 of the cataract through a scleral incision, 
 with iridectomy and laceration of "the cap- 
 sule. O., Gritti's, for amputation above 
 the knee-joint: the patella is preserved in 
 a long anterior flap, and, having had a thin 
 slice removed from its deep surface, is se- 
 cured in apposition with the femur, the latter 
 having been deprived of its articular sur- 
 face by being sawn through the condyles. 
 O., Halsted's, for the radical cure of inguinal 
 
OPERATION 
 
 704 
 
 OPERATION 
 
 hernia: the same as Bassini's operation. 
 O., Hancock's, for amputation through the 
 foot: a modification of Pirogoff's operation, 
 in which the sawn surface of the os calcis is 
 brought in contact with the transverse section 
 of the astragalus. O., Hartley-Krause's, the 
 removal of the entire gasserian ganglion and 
 its roots for relief of facial neuralgia. O., 
 Heath's, for fixity of the lower jaw: division 
 of the ascending ramus beneath the masseter 
 with a saw introduced through the mouth by 
 means of a small incision above the last 
 molar tooth. O., Hegar's, for the relief of 
 cancer of the rectum: the knife is carried 
 along the sides of the sacrum, making the 
 letter V* He hinges the flap with a chain- 
 saw. O.jHey's. i. For amputation through 
 the foot: the same as Lisfranc's operation, 
 except that the internal cuneiform bone is 
 sawn through in a line with the articulation 
 of the second metatarsal bone instead of 
 being disarticulated. 2. For amputation of 
 the leg: the amputation is made in the middle 
 of the leg by a long posterior flap, cut by 
 transfixion, and a slightly shorter anterior 
 one. O., High. 1. Suprapubic lithotomy. 
 2. The application of the forceps to the fetal 
 head at the superior strait. O., Hochen- 
 egg's, for relief of cancer of the rectum: a 
 curved incision is made with its convexity 
 to the right, commencing opposite the third 
 foramen of the sacrum, extending outward, 
 and passing the middle line again below the 
 last button of the coccyx. O., Holmes', 
 for excision of the os calcis: an incision is 
 made from the inner edge of the achilles 
 tendon along the upper border of the os calcis 
 and the outer border of the foot to the cal- 
 caneocuboid joint, and this is joined by 
 another incision running across the sole, the 
 peroneal tendons being divided. O., Hu- 
 guier's, a method of performing colotomy: 
 the right lumbar operation. O., Hunter's, 
 for aneurysm: ligation of the artery on the 
 cardiac side of the aneurysm at some distance 
 from it. O., Indian, for rhinoplasty: a flap 
 is taken from the forehead, with its pedicle 
 at the root of the nose; hollow plugs are 
 inserted into the nostrils, and the flap is 
 secured. O., Italian, for rhinoplasty: the 
 skin is taken from the arm over the biceps; 
 the flap is cut on three sides, and after the 
 skin has shrunk, it is fitted to the fresh mar- 
 gins of the defect, the arm being bandaged in 
 position for at least eight days. O., Jordan's. 
 
 1. For amputation at the hip-joint: the soft 
 parts are divided down to the bone by the 
 circular method, as low down as possible, 
 and the femur is shelled out by a longitudinal 
 incision along the outer side of the thigh. 
 
 2. For amputation at the shoulder-joint: the 
 ' soft parts are divided down to the bone by 
 
 the circular method, three or four inches 
 below the axilla, and the humerus is shelled 
 out by a longitudinal incision along the outer 
 and posterior aspect of the limb, meeting 
 the circular incision at right angles. O., 
 
 Knapp's, for cataract-extraction: a broad 
 iridectomy and peripheral opening of the 
 capsule; the lens is expelled by gentle pres- 
 sure on the lower part of the cornea. O., 
 Kocher's. 1. For excision of the ankle-joint: 
 the incision is made beneath the external 
 malleolus, and is followed by division of the 
 peroneal tendons after being secured with 
 threads, and opening of the joint with re- 
 moval of the diseased parts; the foot is re- 
 placed and the tendons sutured. 2. For 
 excision of the thyroid gland: an incision is 
 made in the median line from the sternal 
 notch to the upper limit of the bronchocele; 
 from this point two lateral incisions are made 
 upward and outward to a point a little 
 below the angle of the jaw. 3. For 
 reducing subcoracoid dislocation of the hu- 
 merus: the patient is placed upon the back 
 and anesthetized if necessary. The surgeon 
 grasps the elbow of the dislocated arm with 
 his opposite hand, and with the other hand 
 seizes the patient's wrist; the elbow is brought 
 to the side; the forearm is next flexed to a 
 right angle with the arm and then carried 
 outward to a right angle with the patient's 
 body by the surgeon's hand grasping the 
 wrist; while in this position the elbow is 
 raised by the hand grasping it and carried 
 upward and inward across the patient's 
 chest, the olecranon being kept close to the 
 chest-wall until firm resistance is met; the 
 arm is then quickly rotated upward and the 
 patient's hand placed upon his opposite shoul- 
 der. 4. For the relief of cancer of the rectum: 
 a long integumentary incision is made, freely 
 exposing the bone. With a chisel each side 
 of the sacrum is grooved along the inner side 
 of the foramens, beginning at the third. The 
 segment is removed, thus exposing the sacral 
 canal, which makes certain the protection of 
 the nerves. O., Kraske's, for carcinoma of 
 the rectum: resection of the coccyx and of a 
 portion of the sacrum to give access to the 
 rectum high up. O., Laborie's, for ampu- 
 tation through the foot: differs from Chopart's 
 method in the retention of the scaphoid in 
 addition to the calcaneum and astragalus. 
 O., Lange's, for resection of the rectum, 
 with osteoplastic transplantation of the anal 
 portion : the knife is carried from each ischial 
 tuberosity across the perineum in front of 
 the sphincters. The incisions meet in the 
 raphe and are made deep enough to allow 
 of pushing the whole muscular apparatus 
 of the anus upward, including the anal end 
 of the gut. O., Lannelongue's, for crani- 
 otomy: (a) the vertex of the skull is exposed 
 by means of a single incision in its long axis 
 and a narrow strip of- parietal bone is re- 
 moved close to the sagittal suture; (b) the 
 bones of the skull are so cut as to produce 
 osseous flaps of various shapes. O,, Larrey's, 
 for amputation at the shoulder-joint: an in- 
 cision is made from the acromion to a point 
 2f inches below, from which point anterior 
 and posterior spiral incisions are carried down 
 
OPERATION 
 
 705 
 
 OPERATION 
 
 the arm, meeting on the inner aspect; after 
 disarticulation of the bone the flap is brought 
 up and secured in the space made by the gap- 
 ing of the first incision. O., Lisfranc's, for 
 amputation through the foot: disarticulation 
 through the tarsometatarsal joints. O., 
 Littre's, inguinal colotomy: it is performed 
 on the left side for opening of the sigmoid 
 flexure; an incision from i^ to 3 inches long 
 is made parallel with the outer part of Pou- 
 part's ligament, and about \ inch above it. 
 O., Lorenz's, for congenital dislocation of 
 the hip: consists in reduction of the disloca- 
 tion and fixation of the head of the femur 
 against the rudimentary acetabulum until a 
 socket is formed. O., Loreta's. 1. For 
 aneurysm: the insertion of a small wire into 
 the sac, and the use of electrolysis as well. 
 2. For stenosis of the orifices of the stomach: 
 digital or instrumental divulsion of the pyloric 
 or cardiac orifice, following gastrotomy. O., 
 Macewen's. 1. For aneurysm: a long pin 
 with a tapering point is passed into the 
 aneurysm and the point is made to touch 
 the opposite wall of the sac ; the point is then 
 moved over the inner surface of the aneurysm 
 for ten minutes, for the purpose of causing 
 irritation. 2. For the radical cure of inguinal 
 hernia: the sac is dissected out and separated 
 from its connections, and then so drawn 
 upward by means of a suture as to form a 
 pad upon the inner surface of the circum- 
 ference of the ring; the ring and canal are 
 then closed by means of sutures. 3. Oste- 
 otomy for genu valgum: supracondyloid divi- 
 sion of the femur from the inner side. O., 
 Major, an important and serious operation. 
 O., Marian's, the old median perineal op- 
 eration for stone in the bladder. O., Maydl's, 
 the transplantation of the ureters into the 
 rectum in the treatment of exstrophy of the 
 bladder. O., McBurney's, for the radical 
 cure of inguinal hernia: after exposing the 
 sac the anterior wall of the canal is incised 
 and the sac ligated and excised at the internal 
 ring; the skin is inverted and stitched to 
 the ligamentous and tendinous structures, 
 the wound healing by granulation. O., 
 MacDowell's, oophorectomy. O., McGill's, 
 prostatectomy by a suprapubic incision, as 
 in suprapubic lithotomy. O., Mikulicz's, 
 a tarsectomy. Syn., Wladimiroff's operation. 
 O., Minor, a comparatively trivial operation. 
 O., Muller's. 1. For cesarean section: a 
 modification of Porro's operation, whereby 
 the whole uterus is turned out of the abdo- 
 men before it is opened. 2. For vaginal 
 hysterectomy: the uterus is divided into halves 
 longitudinally; one part is brought down at 
 a time, and the broad ligament is ligated 
 in sections. O., Nelaton's, for amputation 
 through the foot: subastragaloid disarticula- 
 tion by dorsal and plantar flaps, larger on 
 the inner than on the outer side. O., Ols- 
 hausen's, for vaginal fixation, consists in 
 suturing the round ligaments and a portion 
 of the broad ligaments instead of the uterine 
 46 
 
 fundus. 0., Panas'. 1. Linear proctot- 
 omy. 2. For ptosis: the tarsal portion of- 
 the lid is raised by sutures and the occipi- 
 tofrontalis muscle is caused to assume, 
 to a great extent, the function of the 
 levator palpebral. . , Phelps ' , for club-foot : 
 a direct open incision is made through the 
 inner and plantar surfaces of the foot. O., 
 Pirogoff's, for amputation through the foot: 
 a partial osteoplastic operation in which 
 the os calcis is sawed through obliquely from 
 above downward and forward, and the pos- 
 terior portion is brought up and secured 
 against the surface made by sawing off the 
 lower ends of the tibia and fibula. O., Plas- 
 tic, one for the purpose of restoring a lost 
 part or repairing a deformity. O., Pollock's, 
 for amputation of the knee-joint: it is done 
 by a long anterior and a short posterior skin- 
 flap, somewhat rectangular in outline, the 
 patella being left. 0., Porro's, for puerperal 
 hysterectomy: cesarean section, followed by 
 removal of the uterus at the cervical junction, 
 together with the ovaries and oviducts. O., 
 Porro-Miiller's, for otherwise impossible 
 labor: a modification of the Porro operation, 
 in which the uterus is brought out of the 
 abdomen before extracting the fetus. O., 
 Porro -Veit's, for otherwise impossible labor: 
 a modification of the Porro operation: the 
 stump is ligated and dropped. O., Pratt's, 
 the practice of orificial surgery, based on the 
 belief that many chronic diseases are due to 
 morbid conditions of the orifices of the body, 
 particularly the anus and the urogenital 
 canal. The operation consists in the dilation 
 of either or both of these orifices and the 
 removal of any irritating condition that may 
 be present. O., Radical, one removing the 
 cause of the disease or the diseased part 
 itself. O., Ramsden's, for ligation of the 
 third part of the subclavian artery: a trans- 
 verse incision three inches in length is made 
 across the base of the posterior triangle of 
 the neck, about one-half inch above the 
 clavicle. 0., Reverdin's, for skin-grafting: 
 a point of skin is raised on an ordinary sewing- 
 needle, and shaved off with a scalpel or scis- 
 sors; the graft is then transferred to the fresh 
 surface next to the healthy granulations. 
 O., Roberts', for deflected nasal septum: a 
 linear incision is made with a bistoury along 
 a prominent line of the deflection, so as to 
 enable it to be pressed into its proper position, 
 after which a long steel pin is thrust into the 
 septum in such a manner as to maintain this 
 position. 0., Rose's, for the relief of neural- 
 gia of the fifth nerve : removal of the gasserian 
 ganglion. O., Rupprecht's, for removal of 
 carcinomatous inguinal glands: the line of 
 incision extends from the pubic spine to the 
 anterior superior iliac spine, the ends being 
 joined by incisions passing below the glands. 
 This flap is entirely removed; if necessary, 
 the saphenous vein may be ligated. . , Rydy- 
 gier's, circular pylorectomy when the in- 
 cision is made in the linea alba and the duo- 
 
OPERATION 
 
 706 
 
 OPERATION 
 
 denum is sutured directly to the wound made 
 by resecting the stomach. O., Saemisch's, 
 for hypopyon ulcer: the cornea is transfixed, 
 and the intervening tissue, including the base 
 of the ulcer, is divided by cutting outward. 
 O., Sanger's, a method of performing cesa- 
 rean section: a modification of the usual 
 operation in which the uterus is brought out 
 through a long abdominal incision before 
 extraction of the fetus. O., Scarpa's, for 
 ligation of the femoral artery : it is done at 
 the middle of Scarpa's triangle. O-., Schede's. 
 i. For chronic empyema: resection of the 
 thorax. 2. For varices of the leg: this consists 
 in a circular incision around the leg, one cuff 
 rolled up and another down, with the idea 
 of reaching the different venous branches 
 and removing them. O., Schmalz's, for 
 stricture of the lacrimal duct : the introduction 
 of a thread through the sac, and as far into 
 the duct as possible. O., Schucking's, for 
 prolapse of the uterus: vaginal hysteropexy 
 by means of a special needle, the thread being 
 passed through the uterine cavity, out at the 
 fundus, and through the anterior vaginal 
 vault; the two ends are tied together and 
 allowed to slough out. O., Sedillot's. 1. 
 For performing amputations: a. combination 
 of the flap and circular methods; the super- 
 ficial flaps are formed from within outward, 
 and the deep muscles are divided circularly. 
 2. For amputation at the ankle-joint: this 
 method resembles Syme's operation, except 
 that the flap is made from the inner and 
 plantar surfaces of the foot and ankle. 3. 
 For amputation of the leg it is done at the 
 "place of election" by a large external' flap 
 cut by transfixion. 4. For amputation of 
 the thigh: it is done by a single long anterior 
 flap, the structures at the back of the limb 
 being divided to the bone by one transverse 
 incision. O., Senn's, for intestinal anasto- 
 mosis: the diseased tissue is excised and the 
 ends of the bowel entirely and permanently 
 closed, the continuity of the canal being 
 restored by means of "intestinal anastomosis 
 by lateral approximation" without the use of 
 bone-plates. O., Sigault's, for otherwise 
 impossible labor: symphysiotomy. O., 
 Simon's, for exploration of the rectum and 
 adjacent parts: it consists in introducing 
 the hand or the hand and arm of the operator 
 into the bowel. O., Smith's, for hemor- 
 rhoids: crushing by means of a clamp, and 
 applying the Paquelin cautery to the stump 
 after cutting away the projecting part. O., 
 Ssbanajew-Frank's. See O., Frank's. O., 
 Surgical, one performed by the surgeon by 
 means of the hands or instruments. O., 
 Syme's. 1. For amputation at the ankle- 
 joint: a single plantar flap is made, from 
 which the os calcis is dissected out, after dis- 
 articulation has been accomplished; the 
 malleoli and lower end of the tibia are then 
 removed. 2. For external urethrotomy: the 
 stricture is divided through the perineum 
 upon a grooved director. O., Tagliacotian, 
 
 O., Tagliacozzi's. See O., Italian. O., 
 Tait's, for lacerated perineum — the flap- 
 splitting operation: the rectovaginal septum 
 is split transversely, and from the extremities 
 of this incision two lateral incisions are made, 
 running up toward the lower terminus of each 
 nympha and down to a little above the anal 
 orifice; these two flaps are dissected up; the 
 upper one is drawn toward the urethra, the 
 lower one down toward the anus; sutures are 
 passed laterally and the edges are brought 
 together. O., Talma's, suture of the omen- 
 tum to the abdominal wall for relief of ascites 
 due to cirrhosis of the liver. O., Teale's. 
 1. For amputation of the arm: the long flap 
 is placed upon the anteroexternal aspect of 
 the arm; the brachial artery and the median 
 and ulnar nerves are divided with the poste- 
 rior flap. 2. For amputation of the leg: a 
 rectangular flap operation, in which a long 
 anterior and a short posterior flap are made, 
 each consisting of both integument and mus- 
 cle; the length of the anterior flap is equal 
 to half the circumference of the limb, and 
 the posterior flap is one-quarter of the length. 
 O., Thiersch's, for skin-grafting: the graft 
 is made by a to-and-fro motion with a razor, 
 shaving off as long and as broad a section 
 of the upper layers of the skin as is desired. 
 O., Thomas', laparoelytrotomy: removal of 
 the fetus through incisions in the abdomi- 
 nal wall and in the vagina, without opening 
 the peritoneum or wounding the uterus. 
 O., Verneuil's, an iliac colotomy: a nearly 
 vertical incision is made, and a knuckle of 
 gut is transfixed and kept in place by two 
 needles which lie on the parietes; the exposed 
 bowel is then stitched to the margins of the 
 parietal wound and the protruding knuckle 
 is excised. O., Wagner-Wolf's. See Osteo- 
 plastic Resection. O., Wardrop's, for aneu- 
 rysm : ligation of a main branch of the artery 
 distal to the aneurysm, leaving a circulation, 
 however, through another branch. O., Weir's, 
 appendicostomy: suturing the tip of the ap- 
 pendix to the abdominal wall, and by opening 
 the appendix at the end gaining access to 
 the cecum, for the purpose of irrigating the 
 lower bowel in cases of ulceration of the large , 
 intestine. O., White's, for hypertrophy of 
 the prostate: removal of the testicles. O.,' 
 Whitehead's. 1. For excision of hemor- 
 rhoids: removal of a circular strip of mucous 
 membrane around the anus, including the 
 tumors. 2. For excision of the tongue: re- 
 moval through the mouth, using only scissors. 
 O., Wilde's, for mastoid or cerebral abscess: 
 the bone is exposed from the base to the apex 
 of the mastoid process, one-half inch behind 
 the auricle, and, if necessary, the bone is opened 
 with a drill, gouge, or trephine. O., Wini- 
 warter's, cholecystenterostomy: it is per- 
 formed in two stages:, in the first the gall- 
 bladder is united to the upper portion of the 
 jejunum and the parts are fixed to the parietal 
 peritoneum; in the second, after about five 
 days, the bowel is incised and a communica- 
 
OPERATIVE 
 
 707 
 
 OPHTHALMOPLEGIA 
 
 tion is established between the latter and 
 the gall-bladder. O., WladimirofFs, a form 
 of tarsectomy: the astragalus, os calcis, and 
 the soft parts covering them are removed; 
 the articular surfaces of the tibia, fibula, 
 cuboid, and scaphoid bones are sawed off 
 and the foot brought into a straight line with 
 the leg. O., Wiitzer's, for the radical cure 
 of inguinal hernia: plugging of the hernial 
 canal by an invagination of the scrotum, and 
 its retention by a special instrument, thus 
 exciting adhesive inflammation in the neck 
 of the sac. O., Wyeth's, for amputation at 
 the hip-joint — the bloodless method: two 
 steel mattress-needles are inserted in the 
 tissues and rubber tubing is passed several 
 times around the limb above the needles. 
 Operative {op'-er-a-tiv). i. Able to act; ef- 
 fective. 2. Pertaining to operations. 
 Operculum {o-per' -ku-lum) [L.]. i. A lid or 
 cover, as operculum ilei, the ileocecal valve. 
 2. The convolutions covering the island of 
 • Reil. 
 
 Ophryoalveoloauricular {of-re-o-al-ve-o-lo-aw- 
 rik'-u-lar). Applied to an angle formed by 
 the ophryon, alveolar point, and auricular 
 point. 
 Ophryon {of'-re-on) [6<f>p'jc, eyebrow]. In crani- 
 ometry, the middle of a line drawn across the 
 forehead at the level of the upper margin of 
 the orbits. 
 Ophryosis {of-re-o'-sis) [6<f>puc, eyebrow]. Spasm 
 
 of the eyebrow. 
 Ophthalmatrophy {of -thai-mat' -ro-fe) [oph- 
 
 thalmus; atrophy]. Atrophy of the eyeball. 
 Ophthalmectomy {of-thal-mek' '-to-nie) [oph- 
 thalmus; iKzofiT], excision]. Excision of the 
 eye. 
 Ophthalmemicrania {of-thal-mem-ik-ra'-ne- 
 
 ah). See Amaurosis, Epileptiform. 
 Ophthalmia {of-thal'-me-ah) [ophthalmus]. In- 
 flammation of the eye, especially one in which 
 the conjunctiva is involved. O., Catarrhal, 
 simple conjunctivitis; a hyperemia of the 
 conjunctiva with a mucopurulent secretion. 
 O., Caterpillar-, inflammation of the con- 
 junctiva or of the cornea, the result of pene- 
 tration of the tissues by the hairs of cater- 
 pillars. Syn., Ophthalmia nodosa. O., Egyp- 
 tian. See Trachoma. O., Gonorrheal, an 
 acute and severe form of purulent conjunctivitis, 
 caused by infection from urethral discharges 
 containing the gonococcus of Neisser. O., 
 Granular. See Trachoma. O. neona- 
 torum, a gonorrheal or purulent ophthalmia 
 of the newborn, the eyes having been in- 
 fected by the mother's vaginal discharges. 
 O., Neuroparalytic, disease of the eye from 
 lesion of the gasserian ganglion or of branches 
 of the fifth nerve supplying the eyeball. 
 O. nodosa. See O., Caterpillar-. O., 
 Phlyctenular, conjunctivitis characterized by 
 phlyctenules or small vesicles situated in the 
 epithelial layer of the conjunctiva or cornea. 
 O., Purulent, conjunctivitis with a purulent 
 discharge. O., Sympathetic, a severe de- 
 structive inflammation, a form of iridocyclitis 
 
 secondary to injury or disease of the fellow 
 eye. 
 Ophthalmic {of-thal'-mik). Pertaining to the 
 eye. O. Artery. See under Artery. O. 
 Ganglion. See Ganglion, Ophthalmic. O. 
 Nerve. See under Nerve. 
 Ophthalmitis {of-thal-mi'-tis) [ophthalmus; ncc, 
 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the eye. 
 Ophthalmo- {of-thal-mo-) [6(f)daAp.6c, eye]. A 
 
 prefix denoting relation to the eye. 
 Ophthalmoblennorrhea {of-thal-mo-blen-or-e' '- 
 ah) [ophthalmo-; blennorrhea]. Blennorrhea 
 of the conjunctiva. 
 Ophthalmo cele {of-thal'-mo-sel). See Exoph- 
 thalmos. 
 Ophthalmo copia {of-thal-mo-ko'-pe-ah) [oph- 
 thalmo-; kokoc, fatigue]. Fatigue of visual 
 power; asthenopia. 
 Ophthalmo done sis {of-thal-mo-don-e'-sis) [oph- 
 thalmo-; d6i>r}Ocg, a trembling]. A voluntary 
 tremulous or oscillatory movement of the eye. 
 Ophthalmodynia {of-thal-mo-din' -e-ah) [oph- 
 thalmo-; douvq, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the 
 eye. 
 Ophthalmoleukoscope {of-thal-mo-lu'-ko-skdp) 
 [ophthalmo-; Asukoc, white; okotie'cv, to view]. 
 An instrument for testing color -sense by means 
 of polarized light. 
 Ophthalmologist {of-thal-mol' -o-jist) [see Oph- 
 thalmology]. One versed in ophthalmology. 
 Ophthalmology {of-thal-mol'-o-je) [ophthalmo-; 
 Xoyoc, science]. The science of the anatomy, 
 physiology, and diseases of the eye. 
 Ophthalmomalacia {of-thal-mo-mal-a' -se-ah) 
 [ophthalmo-; fiaXanla, softness]. Abnormal 
 softness or subnormal tension of the eye. 
 Ophthalmometer {of -thai-mom' -et-er) [ophthal- 
 mo-; [lhpov, a measure], i. An instrument 
 for measuring the capacity of the chambers 
 of the eye. 2. An instrument for measuring 
 refractive errors, especially astigmatism. 3. An 
 instrument for measuring the eye as a whole. 
 Ophthalmometry {of -thai-mom' -et-re) [ophthal- 
 mometer]. The determination of refractive 
 errors by means of the ophthalmometer. 
 Ophthalmomyitis {of-thal-mo-mi-i'-tis) [oph- 
 thalmo-; myitis]. Inflammation of the ocular 
 muscles. 
 Ophthalmomyositis {of-thal-mo-mi-o-si'-tis) . 
 
 See Ophthalmomyitis. 
 Ophthalmopathy {of-thal-mop' -ath-e) [ophthal- 
 mo-; nadoc, disease]. Any disease of the eye. 
 O., External, an affection of the eyelids, 
 cornea, conjunctiva, or muscles of the eye. 
 O., Internal, any disease affecting the deeper 
 structures of the eye. 
 Ophthalmophacometer, Ophthalmopha- 
 kometer {of-thal-mo-fa-kom' -et-er) [ophthal- 
 mo-; phacometer]. An instrument for measur- 
 ing the curvature radius of the crystalline lens. 
 Ophthalmophthisis {of-thal-mo-ti' -sis) . See 
 
 Phthisis bulbi. 
 Ophthalmoplasty {of-thaV ' -mo-plas-te) [ophthal- 
 mo-; izXaooecv, to mold]. Plastic surgery of 
 the eye or accessory parts. 
 Ophthalmoplegia {of-thal-mo-ple'-je-ah) [oph- 
 thalmo-; nXrjYTj, stroke]. Paralysis of the 
 
OPHTHALMOPLEGIC 
 
 708 
 
 OPISTHOTONOS 
 
 ocular muscles. O. externa, paralysis of the 
 external ocular muscles. O. interna, paral- 
 ysis of the internal muscles of the eye — those 
 of the iris and ciliary body. O., Nuclear, 
 a form due to a lesion of the nuclei of origin 
 of the motor nerves of the eyeball. O., Par- 
 tial, a form in which some of the muscles 
 only are paralyzed. O., Progressive, a form 
 in which all the muscles of both eyes grad- 
 ually become paralyzed. O., Total, that 
 form involving the iris and ciliary muscle 
 as well as the external muscles of the eyeball. 
 
 Ophthalmoplegic {of-thal-mo-ple' -jik) [ophthal- 
 moplegia]. Pertaining to ophthalmoplegia. 
 
 Ophthalmoptosis {of-thal-mo-to'-sis) [ophthal- 
 mo-; nxtbotc, a fall]. Protrusion of the eye- 
 ball ; exophthalmos. 
 
 Ophthalmorrhagia {of-thal-mor-a r -je-ah) [oph- 
 thalmo-; p-qyvuvac, to burst forth]. Hemor- 
 rhage from the eye. 
 
 Ophthalmorrhea {of-thal-mor-e'-ah) [ophthal- 
 mo-; poca, a flow]. A watery or sanguineous 
 discharge from the eye. 
 
 Ophthalmorrhexis (of-thal-mor-eks'-is) [oph- 
 thalmo-; pr]$cc, rupture]. Rupture of the eye- 
 ball. 
 
 Ophthalmoscope (of-thal'-mo-skop) [ophthal- 
 mo-; otconelv, to see]. An instrument for 
 examining the interior of the eye. It con- 
 sists essentially of a mirror with a hole in 
 it, through which the observer looks, the 
 concavity of the eye being illuminated by 
 light reflected from the mirror into the eye 
 and seen by means of the rays reflected from 
 
 Morton's Ophthalmoscope. 
 
 the eye-ground back through the hole in the 
 mirror. The ophthalmoscope is fitted with 
 lenses of different powers that may be re- 
 volved in front of the observing eye, and 
 these neutralize the ametropia of either the 
 patient's or the observer's eye, thus render- 
 ing the details of the fundus oculi clear. 
 Ophthalmoscopic (of-thal-mo-skop'-ik) [oph- 
 
 thalmoscope]. Pertaining to the ophthalmo- 
 scope or its use. 
 
 Ophthalmoscopy {of-thal-mos'-ko-pe) [ophthal- 
 moscope]. The examination of the interior 
 of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope. 
 O., Direct, the method of the erect or up- 
 right image, the observer's eye and the oph- 
 thalmoscope being brought close to the eye 
 of the patient. O., Indirect, the method 
 of the inverted image: the observer's eye is 
 placed about 16 inches from that of the pa- 
 tient, and a 20 D. biconvex lens is held about 
 two inches in front of the observed eye, 
 thereby forming an aerial inverted image of 
 the fundus. 
 
 Ophthalmospasm {of-thal'-mo-spazm) [ophthal- 
 mb-; ouaap.bc, a spasm]. Ocular spasm. 
 
 Ophthalmostasis {of-thal-mos'-tas-is) [ophthal- 
 mo-; oxaocc, a stopping]. Fixation of the 
 eye during an operation upon it. 
 
 Ophthalmostat {o}-thal'-mo-stat) [ophthalmo-; 
 ioxavat, to cause to stand]. An instrument 
 used in fixing the eye in any position during 
 an operation on it. 
 
 Ophthalmostatometer {of-thal-mo-stat-om'-et- 
 er) [ophthalmo-; Ioxavat, to cause to stand; 
 pkxpov, a measure]. An instrument for de- 
 termining the position of the eyes. 
 
 Ophthalmotonometer {o}-thal-mo~ton-om'-et- 
 er) [ophthalmo-; tonometer]. An instrument 
 for measuring intraocular tension. 
 
 Ophthalmotrope (of-thal'-mo-trdp) [ophthal- 
 mo-; xpbnoc, a turn]. An instrument used 
 for the demonstration of the direction and 
 the position that the eye takes under the in- 
 fluence of each of its muscles, and the posi- 
 tion of the false image in the case of paral- 
 ysis of a given muscle. 
 
 Ophthalmoxysis (of-thal-moks-i'-sis) [ophthal- 
 mo-; £uocg, a scraping]. Treatment by scrap- 
 ing or scarification of the conjunctiva. 
 
 Ophthalmus (of -thalamus) [6(pQolp,6c, eye]. 
 The eye. 
 
 Opianin {p-pe-an' -in) [opium], C 66 H 72 N 3 2 . An 
 alkaloid of opium. 
 
 Opianyl {p f -pe-an-iV) [opium; uXtj, matter]. 
 Synonym of Meconin. 
 
 Opiate {o'-pe-at) [opium]. A preparation of 
 opium. 
 
 Opiomania {o-pe-o-ma' -ne-ah) [opium; pav'ta, 
 madness]. A morbid desire for opium. 
 
 Opiophagism, Opiophagy (o-pe-of -aj-izm, 
 o-pe-oj'-aj-e) [opium; (frayelv, to eat]. Opium- 
 eating. 
 
 Opisthiobasial {p-pis-the-o-ba'-se-aT). Relat- 
 ing to or uniting the opisthion and basion. 
 
 Opisthion {p-pis'-the-on). See under Cranio- 
 metric Point. 
 
 Opisthionasial {p-pis-the-o-na' -ze-aT) . Uniting 
 the opisthion and nasion. 
 
 Opisthoporia {o-pis-tho-po'-re-ah) [cmtodev, be- 
 hind; itopt'ca, going]. Involuntary backward- 
 walking in an attempt to go forward. 
 
 Opisthotonos {o-pis-thoV '-on-os) [cmtodev, be- 
 hind; xbvoc, stretching]. A condition in 
 which, from a tetanic spasm of the muscles 
 of the back, the head and lower limbs are 
 
OPIUM 
 
 709 
 
 OPOMEDULLIN 
 
 bent backward and the body, arched for- 
 ward. 
 Opium {o'-pe-um) \otzlov, from 6t:6c, juice]. 
 The inspissated juice obtained by incising 
 the unripe capsules of Papaver somnijerum, 
 of the order Papaveracece, occurring in com- 
 merce in the form of brownish cakes having 
 a narcotic odor and a bitter taste. Opium 
 contains a large number of alkaloids, of 
 which morphin is the most important, since 
 it represents the chief properties of the drug. 
 Other alkaloids are narcotin, C22H 23 N0 7 , 
 codein, Ci 8 H 21 N0 3 , thebain or paramorphin, 
 C 19 H 21 N0 3 , papaver in, C2oH 21 N0 4 , narcein, 
 C 23 H 2 (,N0 9 , pseudomorphin, C 34 H 36 N 2 6 , and 
 laudanin, C 20 H 25 NO 4 . These bases occur in 
 opium combined with meconic and thebolactic 
 acids. According to the U. S. P., moist 
 opium should contain not less than 9 % of 
 crystallized morphin. Opium acts as a nar- 
 cotic, producing deep sleep, which, however, 
 is often preceded by a stage of mental ex- 
 citement and exhilaration; on awakening 
 there may be headache, nausea, or vomit- 
 ing. It slows the pulse and increases its 
 force and raises blood-pressure; small doses 
 do not depress the respiration, but large 
 doses do so in a marked degree. It checks 
 the motor activity of the stomach and in- 
 testine, and lessens all secretions except that 
 of the skin; it produces contraction of the 
 pupil. When taken in poisonous doses it 
 causes unconquerable drowsiness, passing into 
 deep sleep, with slow, full respiration, slow 
 pulse, and contracted pupils; later cyanosis 
 develops, the respiration becomes exceed- 
 ingly slow, and the pulse rapid and feeble; 
 death takes place from failure of the respira- 
 tion. See Poisons, Table of. There is a 
 chronic form of opium-poisoning produced by 
 the habitual use of opium or morphin, and 
 characterized by mental depression, a deteri- 
 oration of the moral sense, and attacks of 
 diarrhea. The drug is used for the relief of 
 pain of all forms except that due to cerebral 
 inflammation; in insomnia; in inflammation 
 of serous membranes ; in spasmodic conditions ; 
 in acute colds; for cough, retention of urine, 
 vomiting, diarrhea, certain forms of dyspnea, 
 particularly that from heart disease; and 
 locally as an application to sprains and in- 
 flamed surfaces. Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). 
 O., Confection of {confectio opii, B. P.). 
 Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-1.3 Cc). O., Deo- 
 dorized {opium deodoratum, U. S. P.). Dose 
 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). O., Extract of 
 {extractum opii, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose J-J 
 gr. (0.016-0.032 Gm.). O., Extract of, 
 Liquid {extractum opii liquidum, B. P.). 
 Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-1.3 Cc). O., Granu- 
 lated {opium granulatum, U. S. P.). Dose 
 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.). O., Pills of {pilulce opii, 
 U. S. P.), pills containing 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) 
 of opium; those of the B. P. {pilula saponis 
 compositd) contain each about 20 % of opium. 
 O. Plaster {emplastrum opii, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 contains i| dr. (6 Gm.) of the drug. 0., Pow- 
 
 der of, Compound {pulvis opii compo situs, B. 
 P.), contains 10% of opium. O., Powder of 
 Ipecac and {pulvis ipecacuanha et opii, 
 U. S. P.), Dover's powder, contains 10% 
 each of ipecac and opium. O., Powdered 
 {opii pulvis, U. S. P.). Dose \-\ gr. (0.016- 
 0.065 Gm.). O., Tincture of {tinctura opii, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), laudanum. Dose 5-15 
 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). O., Tincture of, Am- 
 moniated {tinctura opii ammoniata, B. P.). 
 Dose 30 min.-i dr. (2-4 Cc). O., Tincture 
 of, Camphorated {tinctura opii camphorata, 
 U. S. P.; tinctura camphor a composita, B. P.), 
 paregoric Dos'e 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). O., 
 Tincture of, Deodorized {tinctura opii deo- 
 dorati, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 
 Cc). O., Tincture of Ipecac and {tinctura 
 ipecacuanha et opii, U. S. P.). Dose 5-15 
 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). O., Troches of Glycyr- 
 rhiza and {trochisci glycyrrhiza et opii, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), each troche contains 
 Y2 gr. (0.005 Gm.) of opium. O., Vinegar 
 of {acetum opii, U. S. P.), black-drop. Dose 
 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). O., Wine of 
 {vinum opii, U. S. P., B. P.), Sydenham's 
 laudanum. Dose 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). 
 See also Codein and Morphin. 
 
 Opiumism {0' -pe-um-izm) [opium]. The con- 
 dition produced by the action of opium on 
 the system. 
 
 Opobalsam, Opobalsamum {o-po-bawV -sam, 
 o-po-bawl-sam'-um) [oizog, juice; fiaXoafiov, 
 balsam]. A resin from Balsamodendron opo- 
 balsamum and Balsamodendron gileadense. 
 
 Opocephalus {o-po-sef '-al-us) [oh/>, eye; Ksfiakrj, 
 head]. A monster characterized by fusion of 
 the ears, one orbit, and absence of mouth 
 and nose. 
 
 Opocerebrin {o-po-ser' -e-brin) [6tzoc, juice; cere- 
 brum]. A proprietary therapeutic preparation 
 from the gray matter of brain; used in ner- 
 vous diseases, anemia, etc. Dose 4-6 gr. 
 (0.2-0.4 Gm.) twice daily. 
 
 Opodeldoc {op-o-del' -dok) [origin obscure]. See 
 under Soap. 
 
 Opodymus {o-pod' -im-us) \coi}>, eye; didu/jtoc, 
 twin]. A monster with a single body and 
 skull but with two distinct faces. 
 
 Opohepatoidin {o-po-hep-at-oid'-in). A pro- 
 prietary therapeutic preparation from the liver; 
 it is used in icterus and epistaxis. Dose 8 
 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 
 Opohypophysin {o-po-hi-poj'-is-in). A pro- 
 prietary preparation from the hypophysis. 
 It is used in akromegaly- Dose f gr. (0.05 
 Gm.)^ 
 
 Opolienin {o-po-W -en-in) . A proprietary prep- 
 aration from the spleen. It is used in hyper- 
 trophy of the spleen, malarial cachexia, and 
 leukemia. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.) 
 twice daily. 
 
 Opomammin {o-po-mam'-in). A proprietary 
 preparation from the mammary gland; it 
 is used in uterine diseases. Dose 24 gr. 
 (1.5 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Opomedullin {o-po-med-uV -in) . A proprietary 
 preparation from red bone-marrow; used in 
 
OPOORCHIDIN 
 
 710 
 
 ORANGE 
 
 anemia, chlorosis, and neurasthenia. Dose 
 3-16 gr. (0.2-1.0 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Opoorchidin {o-po-or' -kid-in) . A proprietary 
 preparation from the testicles; it is used in 
 spinal and other nervous diseases. Dose 8- 
 12 gr. (0.5-0.8 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 
 Opoossiin (o-po-os'-e-in). A proprietary prep- 
 aration from yellow bone-marrow; used in 
 rachitis and osteomalacia. Dose 3-16 gr. 
 (0.2-1.0 Gm.) up to 1^ dr. (5 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Opoovariin {p-po-ov-ar'-e-in). A proprietary 
 preparation from the ovaries; it is used in 
 chlorosis, hysteria, and in climacteric symp- 
 toms. Dose 3-12 gr. (0.2^-0.8 Gm.) 3 times 
 daily. 
 
 Opopancreatin {p-po-pan-kre'-at-in). A pro- 
 prietary preparation from the pancreas; used 
 in diabetes mellitus. Dose 3-12 gr. (0.2-0.8 
 Gm.); daily dose 32 gr.-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.). 
 
 Opoprostatin (p-po-pros' -tat-in). A proprie- 
 tary preparation from the prostate; it is used 
 in hypertrophy of the prostate. Dose 3 gr. 
 (0.2 Gm.) 4 times daily. 
 
 Oporeniin ip-po-ren'-e-in). A proprietary 
 preparation from the kidneys; used in ure- 
 mia, chronic nephritis, and albuminuria. 
 Dose 8-12 gr. (0.5-0.8 Gm.) 3 or 4 times 
 daily. 
 
 Oposuprarenalin {o-po-su-prah-ren' -al-in) . A 
 proprietary preparation from the suprarenal 
 capsule; used in diabetes insipidus, Addison's 
 disease, and neurasthenia. Dose 3— 6J gr. 
 (0.2-0.4 Gm.) twice daily. 
 
 Opotherapy (op-o-ther' -ap-e) [otzoc, juice; ther- 
 apy]. Synonym of Organotherapy. 
 
 Opothymiin [p-po-thi'-mi-in). A proprietary 
 preparation from the thymus; it is used in 
 Graves' disease, chlorosis, anemia, etc. Dose 
 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 Gm.); daily dose 10-48 
 gr. (0.6-3.0 Gm.). 
 
 Opothyroidin {p-po-thi-roid'-in). A proprie- 
 tary preparation from the thyroid gland; it 
 is used in myxedema, cretinism, obesity, etc. 
 Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 
 Oppenheim's Gait. A modification of the 
 spastic gait of disseminated sclerosis, consist- 
 ing in large and irregular oscillations of the 
 head, trunk, and extremities. 
 
 Oppenheimer's Test for Acetone. Make a 
 reagent by diluting 20 Cc. of concentrated 
 sulfuric acid with a liter of water; to this add 
 50 Gm. of yellow oxid of mercury and set 
 aside for 24 hours. To 3 Cc. of unfiltered 
 urine add a few drops of the reagent. In the 
 presence of albumin a precipitate occurs at 
 once; in its absence the precipitate is seen 
 some time later. 
 
 Oppilation (op-il-a 1 'shun) [oppilatio, closure]. 
 Closure; constipation. 
 
 Oppilative (op'-il-a-tiv) [see Oppilation]. 1. Ob- 
 struction; closing the pores; causing con- 
 stipation. 2. A constipating agent or remedy. 
 
 Oppolzer's Sign. On palpation the seat of 
 the apex-beat is found to change with the 
 alteration of the patient's posture in cases of 
 serofibrinous pericarditis. 
 
 Opponens {pp-o'-nenz) [ob, against; ponere, 
 
 to place]. Opposing. A term applied to cer- 
 tain muscles that bring one part opposite an- 
 other, as opponens minimi digiti, a muscle 
 placing the little finger opposite the thumb. 
 
 Opsonin {op'-so-nin) [o^ojvcov, provisions]. 
 That quality of a serum which makes a 
 microbe more susceptible to phagocytosis. 
 
 Optic {pp'-tik) [otctckoc, from the base on-, to 
 see]. Pertaining to vision or to the science 
 of optics. O. Atrophy, atrophy of the optic 
 nerve. O. Axis, the axis of the eye. O. 
 Center. 1. The point in the main axis of 
 the crystalline lens at which the rays of light 
 meet. 2. The nerve-center concerned in the 
 visual function. O. Chiasm, O. Commis- 
 sure. See Commissure, Optic. O. Cup, the 
 concave area formed by the involution of the 
 distal extremity of the primary optic vesicle. 
 O. Disc, the optic papilla. O. Foramen. 
 See Foramen, Optic. O. Groove, the groove 
 on the sphenoid bone for the optic chiasm. O. 
 Lobes, the corpora quadrigemina. O. Nerve. 
 See under Nerve. O. Neuritis. See Papilli- 
 tis. O. Papilla, the circular prominence 
 formed by the optic nerve after its entrance 
 into the eyeball. O. Radiations, a large bundle 
 of nerve-fibers joining the optic thalamus and 
 the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. O. Thal- 
 amus. See Thalamus. O. Tract, the fibers 
 between the visual center and the optic 
 chiasm. O. Vesicle, a diverticulum from 
 each side of the primary anterior vesicle of 
 the embryo, forming the basis of the future eye. 
 
 Optical (op'-tik-al) [optic]. Pertaining to sight. 
 
 Optician (op-tish'-un) [optic]. A maker of op- 
 tical instruments. 
 
 Opticociliary {pp-tik-o-siV -e -a -re) [optic; ciliary]. 
 Pertaining to the optic and ciliary nerves. 
 
 Opticopupillary (op-tik-o-pu' '-pil-a-re) [optic; 
 pupillary]. Pertaining to the optic nerve and 
 the pupil. 
 
 Optics {op'-tiks) [6tctck6c, from the base biz-, to 
 see]. The science treating of light and vision. 
 
 Opto- (op-to-) [optic]. A prefix denoting rela- 
 tion to the eye or to vision. 
 
 Optogram ipp' -to-gram) [opto-; ypap./ia, a 
 writing]. A faint image stamped on the retina 
 for a brief period after death, believed to be 
 that of the last object seen before death. 
 
 Optometer (op-tom'-et-er) [opto-; [lhpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for determining 
 the strength of vision, especially the degree 
 of refractive error that is to be corrected to 
 render vision normal. 
 
 Optomyometer {op-to-mi-om' -et-er) [opto-; 
 myometer]. An instrument for measuring the 
 strength of the muscles of the eye. 
 
 Optostriate {pp-to-stri' -at) [opto-; striatum, 
 striped]. Pertaining to the optic thalamus 
 and the corpus striatum. 
 
 Ora (o'-rah) [L.]. Margin. O. serrata, the 
 jagged anterior margin of the retina. 
 
 Oral {p'-ral) [os, the mouth]. Pertaining to the 
 mouth. O. Whiff, a peculiar sound heard 
 during expiration from the open mouth, prin- 
 cipally in cases of thoracic aneurysm. 
 
 Orange {pr'-anf). See Aurantium. 
 
ORBICULAR 
 
 711 
 
 ORGANIZATION 
 
 Orbicular {or-bik' -u-lar) [orbicularis, dim. of 
 orbis, circle]. Circular. A term applied to 
 circular muscles, as the orbicular muscle of 
 the eye or of the mouth (orbicularis palpebra- 
 rum, orbicularis oris). 
 
 Orbicularis {or-bik-u-la'-ris). See under Muscle. 
 
 Orbiculostapedial {or-bik-u-lo-sta-pe' '-de-al) . 
 Relating to the orbicular process of the incus 
 and to the stapes. 
 
 Orbit {or' -bit) [orbita, from orbis, a circle]. 
 The bony pyramidal cavity containing the 
 eye, and formed by the frontal, sphenoid, 
 ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, superior maxillary, 
 and palatal bones. 
 
 Orbital {or'-bit-al). Pertaining to the orbit. 
 O. Height, in craniometry, the greatest verti- 
 cal width of the external opening of the orbit. 
 
 0. Index, the orbital height multiplied by 
 ioo and divided by the orbital width. If the 
 orbital index is above 89, it is called mega- 
 seme; if under 84, microseme; if between, 
 mesoseme. 
 
 Orchectomy, Orchiectomy {or-kek'-to-me, or- 
 ki-ek'-to-me). See Orchidectomy . 
 
 Orchioplasty {or'-ke-o-plas-te). See Orchio- 
 plasty. 
 
 Orchi-, Orchid-, Orchio- {or-ke-, or-kid-, or- 
 ke-o-) [opx^C, a testicle]. Prefixes signifying 
 connection with or relation to the testicle. 
 
 Orchialgia {or-ke-aV -je-ah) [orchi-; dXyoc, 
 pain]. Neuralgia of the testicle. 
 
 Orchichorea {or-ke-ko-re'-ah) [orchi-; chorea]. 
 Irregular movements of the testicle due to 
 contraction of the cremaster muscle. 
 
 Orchidectomy {or-kid-ek'-lo-me) [orchi-; zkzo- 
 jit), excision]. Castration. 
 
 Orchidin {or' -ki-din) . A proprietary fluid from 
 the testicle; used as a nervine. 
 
 Orchidoncus (or-kid-ong'-kus) [orchido-; of/coc, 
 tumor]. A tumor or tumefaction of the 
 testicle. 
 
 Orchidopexy {or'-kid-o-peks-e) [orchido-; nfj^cc, 
 a hardening]. 1. Hardening of the sub- 
 stance of the testicle. 2. Same as Orchidor- 
 rhaphy. 
 
 Orchidorrhaphy {or-kid-or'-a-je) [orchido-; 
 pa.(j)T], suture]. Suturing of the testicle to the 
 surrounding tissue. 
 
 Orchidospongioma {or-kid-o-spun-je-o'-mah) 
 [orchido-; oTzoyyta, sponge; bp.a, tumor]. A 
 tuberculous tumor of the testicle. 
 
 Orchidotherapy {or-kid-o-ther' -ap-e) . The ther- 
 apeutic use of testicular extracts. 
 
 Orchidotomy {or-kid-of -o-me) [orchido-; to/xtj, a 
 cutting]. Incision of the testicle. 
 
 Orchidotuberculum {or-kid-o-tu-ber'-ku-lum). 
 See Orchidospongioma. 
 
 Orchiepididymitis {or-ke-ep-id-id-im-i'-tis) [or- 
 chi-; epididymitis]. Inflammation of both 
 testis and epididymis. 
 
 Orchiocele {or'-ke-o-sel) [orchio-; ktjXtj, tumor]. 
 
 1. A tumor of the testicle. 2. Scrotal hernia. 
 Orchiodynia {or-ke-o-din' -e-ah) [orchio-; dduvq, 
 
 pain]. Pain in the testicles. 
 Orchioplasty {or'-ke-o-plas-te) [orchio-; nXaa- 
 oecv, to form]. Any plastic operation on the 
 scrotum. 
 
 Orchiotomy {or-ke-ot'-o-me). Synonym of Or- 
 chidotomy. 
 
 Orchis {or'-kis) [opx^C, a testicle]. 1. A genus 
 of plants furnishing salep and vanilla. 2. 
 The testicle. 
 
 Orchitin {or' -kit-in). A sterilized testicular 
 extract. 
 
 Orchitis {or-ki'-tis) [orchis; czcc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the testicle. 
 
 Orcin {or'-sin) [Orcus, Pluto, from its dark 
 color], C 7 H 6 (OH) 2 . A substance found in 
 many lichens of the genera Roccella and 
 Lecanora. It is an antiseptic, and has been 
 used instead of resorcinol. O. Reaction for 
 Xylose in the Urine, heat the urine with an 
 equal volume of hydrochloric acid and a trace 
 of orcin. As soon as a green color is appar- 
 ent, cool the solution and shake with amyl- 
 alcohol. The amyl-alcohol takes on a green 
 color and in the spectroscope shows the char- 
 acteristic band between C and D, and, in 
 addition, a more uncertain band, more toward 
 the red. 
 
 Ordeal Bark {or' -de-al). Casca-bark. O. 
 Bean, O. Nut. See Physostigma. 
 
 Orexin {o-reks'-in) [ops&c, appetite], C U H 12 - 
 N 2 .HC1.2H 2 0. Phenyldihydroquinazolin hy- 
 drochlorate, used as a stomachic. Dose 4-7 
 gr. (0.26-0.45 Gm.). O. Tannate, a light 
 yellow powder, used as an appetizer and 
 stomachic. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Orexoids {o-reks'-oids). Merck's name for 5- 
 grain orexin tannate tablets. 
 
 Organ {or'-gan) [opyavov, an organ]. A part 
 of the body having a definite function to 
 perform. O. of Corti. See under Ear. O., 
 Enamel-, a club-shaped process of epithelium 
 growing from the dental ridge and forming a 
 cap over the dental papilla. From it the 
 enamel of the tooth is developed. O. of 
 Giraldes. See Giraldes' Organ. O., Jacob- 
 son's. See Jacobson's Organ. O.s of Re- 
 production, the testicles and penis and its 
 glands in the male, the uterus and its append- 
 ages and the vagina and its glands in the female. 
 O. of Rosenmiiller. See Parovarium. O., 
 Segmental, a mesoblastic embryonic struc- 
 ture consisting of three parts — the proneph- 
 ros, the mesonephros, or wolffian body, and 
 the metanephros. 
 
 Organacidia {or-gan-as-id'-e-ah). The pres- 
 ence of organic acids. O. gastrica, the pres- 
 ence of large quantities of organic acids in 
 the gastric contents. 
 
 Organic {or-gan'-ik) [organ]. Having, pertain- 
 ing to, or characterized by organs; pertain- 
 ing to the animal and vegetal worlds; affect- 
 ing the structure of organs. O. Chemistry, 
 the chemistry of the carbon compounds, car- 
 . bon being the central element of compounds 
 occurring in organized beings. O. Disease, 
 disease of an organ attended with structural 
 changes. 
 
 Organism {or' -gan-izm) [organ]. A body con- 
 sisting of an aggregation of organs having 
 a definite function; a living being. 
 
 Organization {or-gan-iz-a'-shun) [organ]. 1. 
 
ORGANO- 
 
 712 
 
 ORTHO- 
 
 The orderly arrangement of organs or parts. 
 
 2. An organism. 3. The conversion into an 
 organ, or into something resembling an organ, 
 or into living tissue. 
 
 Organo- (or-gan-o-) [organ]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to the organs. 
 
 Organoferric (or-gan-o-fer'-ik). Consisting of 
 iron and some organic substance. 
 
 Organogenesis (or-gan-o-jen' -es-is) [organo-; 
 yeveocc, origin]. The process of the develop- 
 ment of an organ. 
 
 Organogenetic (or-gan-o-jen-et'-ik) [organogen- 
 esis]. Pertaining to organogenesis. 
 
 Organography (or-gan-o g'-ra-fe) [organo-; ypa- 
 <f>ecv, to write]. A descriptive treatise of the 
 organs of an animal or plant. 
 
 Organoid (or'-gan-oid) [organo-; eldof, like]. 
 Resembling an organ. 
 
 Organoleptic (or-gan-o-Iep f -tik) [organo-; 
 h)%-UK.bc, taking]. Affecting organs, particu- 
 larly those of special sense. 
 
 Organology (or-gan-oV -o-je) [organo-; Xojog, 
 science]. The science that treats of the 
 organs of plants and animals. 
 
 Organoma (or-gan-o' -mah) [organo-; bfia, tu- 
 mor]. A tumor containing distinct organs or 
 parts of organs, but not so arranged as to 
 form a body or part of one. 
 
 Organometallic (or-gan-o-met-al'-ik). Applied 
 to a combination of an alcoholic radicle with 
 a metal or metalloid. 
 
 Organopexia, Organopexy (or-gan-o-peks'-e- 
 ah, or-gan' -o-peks-e) [organo-; tit^scc, a fixing 
 in]. The surgical fixation of a misplaced 
 organ. 
 
 Organosol (or-gan' -os-ol). A proprietary prep- 
 aration of colloidal silver with an organic 
 solvent; used in gonorrhea. 
 
 Organotherapy (or-gan-o-ther'-ap-e) [organo-; 
 depaTce'ca, treatment]. The treatment of dis- 
 eases by the adminstration of animal organs 
 or extracts prepared from them. The organs 
 chiefly employed are: 1. The testicles (tes- 
 ticular extract), for various nervous affections. 
 From testicular juice a crystalline substance — 
 spermin — has been isolated and its use ad- 
 vised in nervous depression, debility, and 
 asthma. 2. Thyroid gland (in the form of 
 the gland itself, glycerol extracts, or the desic- 
 cated gland). It has been found of much 
 value in myxedema, cretinism, various chronic 
 skin diseases, in obesity, colloid goiter, and 
 of questionable value in exophthalmic goiter. 
 
 3. Pancreas (extract of pancreas), for dia- 
 betes mellitus. 4. Suprarenal bodies (ex- 
 tract of suprarenal bodies), for Addison's 
 disease. 5. Bone-marrow, for pernicious an- 
 emia and other anemias. Other extracts, 
 as those of brain, spinal marrow, muscles, 
 kidney, ovary, heart muscle, spleen, thymus 
 gland, and stomach, have been employed. 
 
 Orgasm (or'-gazm) [6pyaap.bg, swelling]. In- 
 tense excitement, especially that occurring 
 during sexual intercourse. 
 
 Oriental (o-re-en'-tal) [oriens, the east]. Per- 
 taining to the orient or east. O. Boil. See 
 Furunculus orientalis. 
 
 Orientation (o-re-en-ta' -shun) [see Oriental]. 
 The act of determining one's position in 
 space (subjective orientation), or the position 
 of surrounding objects with reference to each 
 other (objective orientation). 
 
 Orifice (or'-if-is) [orificium, an opening]. An 
 opening. 
 
 Orificial (or-if-ish'-al) [orifice]. Pertaining to 
 an orifice. O. Surgery.' See Operation, 
 Pratt's. 
 
 Origanum (o-rig'-an-um) [bpiyavov, marjoram]. 
 A genus of plants of the order Labiatce. 
 O. majorana, sweet marjoram, is used as a 
 condiment. O. vulgare, wild marjoram, 
 contains a pungent oil (oleum origani), con- 
 sisting chiefly of terpene, C 10 H 16 . Origanum 
 is tonic, excitant, diaphoretic, emmenagog, 
 and locally anodyne. It is also employed as 
 a clearing-agent in microscopy. 
 
 Origin (or'-ij-in) [oriri, to arise]. The be- 
 ginning or starting-point of anything. 0., 
 Deep, of a nerve, its beginning in the cells 
 of the nerve-center. O. of a Muscle, the 
 point of attachment of a muscle which re- 
 mains relatively fixed* during contraction of 
 the muscle. O., Superficial, of a nerve, 
 the point at which it emerges from the brain 
 or cord. 
 
 Orinasal (o-ri-na'-zal). See Oronasal. 
 
 Ormosin (or'-mo-zin). A crystalline alkaloid 
 from the seeds of Ormosia dasycarpa, of 
 South America. It is hypnotic, sedative, and 
 narcotic. The hydrochlorid is also used. 
 
 Orolingual (o-ro-lin'-gwal) [os, mouth; lingua, 
 tongue]. Pertaining to the mouth and the 
 tongue. 
 
 Oronasal (o-ro-na'-zal). Pertaining to the 
 mouth and the nose. 
 
 Oropharynx (0 - ro - far' - inks) [os, mouth; 
 pharynx]. The pharynx proper, situated be- 
 low the level of the lower border of the soft 
 palate, as distinguished from the nasopharynx. 
 
 Oro therapy (or-o-ther'-a-pe). See Orrhother- 
 apy. 
 
 Oroxylon (or-oks' -il-on) [opoc, mountain; $0- 
 Xov, wood]. A genus of the Bignoniacece. 
 O. indicum is indigenous to tropical Asia. 
 The root -bark is tonic and astringent and a 
 powerful sudorific. The leaves are applied 
 to ulcers. 
 
 Orphol (or'-fol). See Bismuth Betanaphtholate. 
 
 Orpiment (or' -pim-ent) . Arsenic trisulfid. 
 
 Orrhodermitis (or-o-der-mi'-tis). See Sero- 
 dermitis. 
 
 Orrhorrhea (or-or-e'-ah) [bppbc, serum; po'ca, 
 a flow]. An abnormally great flow of serum. 
 Also, a watery discharge; rice-water dis- 
 charges. 
 
 Orrhotherapy (or-o-ther'-ap-e) [dppbc, serum; 
 Oepaxeca, therapy]. 1. The treatment of dis- 
 ease by the use of human or animal blood- 
 serum containing antitoxins; serum therapy. 
 2. Whey-cure. 
 
 Orris (or'-is). See Iris (2). 
 
 Ortho- (or-tho-) [bpdbc, right; straight]. 1. A 
 prefix denoting straight, normal, or true. 2. 
 In chemistry, a prefix denoting that one 
 
ORTHOCEPHALOUS 
 
 713 
 
 OS 
 
 among several compounds of the same ele- 
 ments which is considered the normal com- 
 pound. Among derivatives of the benzol- 
 ring it refers to those formed by the sub- 
 stitution of two adjacent hydrogen atoms. 
 
 Orthocephalous (or-tho-sef -al-us) [ortho-; necf)- 
 aXi], head]. Having a skull with a vertical 
 index of from 70.1 to 75. 
 
 Orthocresalol (or-tho-kres' -al-oT) . See Cresalol. 
 
 Orthodiagraph (or-tho-di' -ah-graf) [ortho-; dia- 
 graph]. A radiographic apparatus which re- 
 cords accurately and quickly the dimension, 
 form, and position of internal organs of the 
 body or the location of foreign bodies. 
 
 Orthodiography (or-tho-di-og'-raf-e). The 
 mode of determining by the aid of the roent- 
 gen-rays the exact dimensions of an internal 
 organ by the shadow which it throws upon 
 the fluorescent screen. 
 
 Orthodontia (or-tho-don' -she-ah) [ortho-; odouc, 
 tooth]. The correction of irregularities of 
 the teeth. 
 
 Orthoform (or'-tho-form), C„H 3 (OH)(NH 2 )- 
 COOH 2 . A white, crystalline, odorless, taste- 
 less powder, slightly soluble in water, soluble 
 in alcohol or ether; used as a local anesthetic 
 and antiseptic and internally in cancer of 
 the stomach. Dose 75—15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
 Syn., Methylparaamidometaoxybenzoate. O. 
 Emulsion, orthoform, 25 parts, in olive -oil, 
 100 parts. It is recommended in subcuta- 
 neous injection in laryngeal tuberculosis. O., 
 New, metaamidoparaoxybenzoic-methylester 
 — a cheaper product, used as is the original 
 orthoform. 
 
 Orthognathous (or-thog'-na-thus) [ortho-; yva- 
 doc, the jaw]. Straight-jawed; having a 
 gnathic angle of from 83 to oo°. 
 
 Orthometer (or -thorn' -et-er) [ortho-; fihpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 relative degree of protrusion of the eyes. 
 
 Orthomorphia (or-tho-mor' -fe-ah) [ortho-; 
 fJ.op<f)T], form]. The surgical correction of de- 
 formity. 
 
 Orthopedic (or-tho-pe' -dik) [ortho-; zalc, child]. 
 Pertaining to the correction of deformities, 
 especially in children. O. Surgery, the 
 branch of surgery devoted to the correction 
 of deformities. 
 
 Orthopedics (or-tho-pe' '-diks). See Orthopedic 
 Surgery. 
 
 Orthopedist (or-tho-pe' -dist). One who prac- 
 tises orthopedic surgery. 
 
 Orthophoria (or-tho-fo' -re-ah) [ortho-; (f>6poc, a 
 tending]. 1. A tending of the visual lines 
 in parallelism. 2. Normal balance of the 
 eye muscles. 
 
 Orthophosphoric Acid (or-tho-fos-for'-ik) . See 
 Acid, Orthophosphoric. 
 
 Orthoplasy (or'-tho-plaz-e) [ortho-; xlaocc, a 
 forming]. The directive or determining in- 
 fluence of organic selection in evolution. 
 
 Orthopnea (or-thop-ne'-ah) [ortho-; Ttvelv, to 
 breathe]. A condition marked by quick and 
 labored breathing, in which the patient finds 
 relief only by maintaining an upright posi- 
 tion. 
 
 Orthopneic (or-thop-ne'-ik) [orthopnea]. Char- 
 acterized by orthopnea. 
 
 Orthopraxis, Orthopraxy (or-tho-praks'-is, or'- 
 tho-praks-e) [ortho-; npa^cg, doing]. Correc- 
 tion of the deformities of the body. 
 
 Orthoptic (or-thop'-tik) [ortho-; optic]. Per- 
 taining to normal binocular vision. O. 
 Training, a method of correcting the de- 
 fective vision of those having strabismus or 
 muscular insufficiency, by stereoscopic and 
 • other ocular exercises of_a gymnastic kind. 
 
 Orthoscope (or'-tho-skop) [ortho-; okotzsIv, to 
 see]. An instrument for examination of the 
 eye through a layer of water, whereby the 
 curvature, and hence the refraction, of the 
 cornea is neutralized and the cornea acts 
 as a plane medium. x 
 
 Orthoscopic (or-tho-skop'-ik) [orthoscope]. 1. 
 Pertaining to an orthoscope or to orthos- 
 copy. 2. Applied to lenses cut from the 
 periphery of a large lens. 3. Having normal 
 vision. 
 
 Orthoscopy (or-thos'-ko-pe) [orthoscope]. The 
 examination of the eye with the orthoscope. 
 
 Orthotonus (or-thot'-o-nus) [ortho-; tovoc~, ten- 
 sion]. Tetanic cramp in which the body lies 
 rigid and straight. 
 
 Oryza (o-ri'-zah). See Rice. 
 
 Os [L. ; gen., oris]. 1. The mouth. 2. The 
 symbol for osmium. 3. [L.; gen., ossis.] 
 A bone. O. acromiale, the acromion 
 when not united to the scapula. O. alae- 
 forme, the sphenoid bone. O. alare, O. 
 alatum, the sphenoid bone and alisphenoid 
 bone. O. ballistae, the astragalus. O. 
 brachii, the humerus. Ossa bregmatis, the 
 parietal bones. O. calcis, the bone of the 
 heel. O. capitatum. See O. magnum. O. 
 coronale, the frontal bone. O. coxae. See 
 O. innominatum. O. cubitale, the cunei- 
 form bone of the wrist. O. externum, the 
 external orifice of the cervical canal of the 
 uterus opening into the vagina. O. femoris, 
 the femur. O. hamatum, the unciform bone. 
 O. humeri, the humerus. O. ilii, the ilium. 
 O. innominatum, the innominate bone. 
 Ossa intercalaria, the wormian bones. O. 
 internum, the internal orifice of the cervi- 
 cal canal opening into the cavity of the body 
 of the uterus. O. ischii, the ischium. O. 
 japonicum, the divided malar bone, a racial 
 characteristic of the Japanese. O. jugale, 
 O. jugamentum, the malar bone. O. 
 juguli, the clavicle. O. magnum, the 
 third bone of the second row of the carpus. 
 O. multiforme, the sphenoid bone. O. navic- 
 ulare, the scaphoid bone. O. orbiculare. 1. 
 The pisiform bone. 2. The lenticular pro- 
 cess of the incus. O. orbitale, the upper 
 of two portions into which the malar 
 bone is sometimes divided by a horizontal 
 suture. O. pectinis, the os pubis. O. pec- 
 toris, the sternum. O. praemaxillare , the 
 intermaxillary bone. O. pubis, the pubis. 
 O. scutiforme, the patella. Ossa sutura- 
 rum, the wormian bones. Syn., Ossa trique- 
 tral Ossa wormiana. O. tetragonum, the 
 
OSAZONE 
 
 714 
 
 OSSICULUM 
 
 parietal bone. O. triangular e. See O. cubi- 
 tale. O. trigonum, an ossicle due to the 
 separation of the external tubercle of the 
 posterior surface of the astragalus and ossi- 
 fication from a distinct center. O. triquet- 
 rum. See O. cubitale. O. unguis, the 
 lacrimal bone. O. uteri, either orifice of 
 the cervical canal of the uterus. O. ypsi- 
 loides, the hyoid bone. O. zygomaticum, 
 the malar bone. 
 
 Osazone {o'-saz-on). A compound formed when 
 solutions of sugar are warmed for some time 
 with a solution of phenylhydrazin and dilute 
 acetic acid. 
 
 Oscedo (os-e'-do) [L.]. Yawning. 
 
 Oschea (os'-ke-ah) [oo%eov, scrotum]. Synonym 
 of Scrotum. 
 
 Oscheal (os'-ke-al). Pertaining to the scrotum. 
 
 Oscheitis {os-ke-i'-tis) [oschea; exec, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the scrotum. 
 
 Oscheo- (os-ke-o-) [oschea]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to the scrotum. 
 
 Oscheocele {os'-ke-o-sel) [oscheo-; ktjXtj, hernia]. 
 Scrotal hernia. 
 
 Oscheohydrocele (os-ke-o-hi'-dro-seT) [oscheo-; 
 hydrocele]. A hydrocele occupying the sac 
 of a scrotal hernia after the return of the 
 bowel to the peritoneal cavity and the shut- 
 ting off of the sac from the latter. 
 
 Oscheoma {os-ke-o' -mah) [oscheo-; opa, tumor]. 
 A scrotal tumor. 
 
 Oscheoplasty (os'-ke-o-plas-te) [oscheo-; tzXclo- 
 osiv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the scro- 
 tum. 
 
 Oschitis {os-ki'-tis). See Oscheitis. 
 
 Oscillation {os-il-a'.-shun) [oscillatio; oscillare, 
 to sway to and fro]. A swinging or vibra- 
 tion; also any tremulous motion. 
 
 Oscillator (os'-il-a-tor) [see Oscillation]. An 
 apparatus for the application of mechanic 
 therapeutics. 
 
 Oscillatoria malarise (os-il-a-to'-re-ah mal-a r - 
 ri-e). The pigmented ameboid bodies and 
 flagellate organisms observed in the blood- 
 discs in cases of ague. 
 
 Oscitation (os-it-a'-shun) [oscitare, to yawn]. 
 The act of yawning. 
 
 Osculation ios-hu-la' -shun) [osculum]. The 
 union of vessels by their mouths. 
 
 Osculum (os'-ku-lum) [L., "a little mouth"]. 
 A small aperture. 
 
 -ose (-oz) [-osus]. A suffix denoting a member 
 of the carbohydrate group. 
 
 -osis (-o-sis). A suffix signifying condition of, 
 or state caused by. 
 
 Osier's Disease. See P olycythcemia cyanotica. 
 O.'s Phenomenon, the agglutination of the 
 blood-platelets observed in blood immediately 
 after its withdrawal from the body. 
 
 Osmate (oz'-mdt) [osmium]. A salt of osmic 
 acid. 
 
 Osmazome {pz'-maz-om) [do pi), smell; t.ojpbc, 
 broth]. A brownish-yellow substance de- 
 veloped by heat in muscular fibers, and for- 
 merly supposed to give to cooked meats their 
 peculiar flavor. 
 
 Osmic (oz'-mik) [osmium]. Pertaining to or 
 
 containing osmium. O. Acid. See Acid, 
 Osmic. 
 
 Osmidrosis {oz-mid-ro' -sis) [dopy, smell; tdpeo- 
 occ, sweat]. The secretion of a malodorous 
 perspiration ; bromidrosis. 
 
 Osmium {oz'-me-um) [oopjj, smell]. A heavy 
 metallic element belonging to the platinum 
 group. Symbol Os; specific gravity 22.48; 
 atomic weight 189.6; quantivalence II, IV, 
 vi, viii. See Acid, Osmic. 
 
 Osmodysphoria (oz-mo-dis-fo' '-re-ah) [oopq, 
 smell; due, difficult; <f>kpttv, to bear]. Intol- 
 erance of certain odors. 
 
 Osmometer {oz-mom' -et-er) [60 pi], smell; ph- 
 pov, a measure]. 1. An instrument for test- 
 ing the sense of smell. 2. An apparatus for 
 measuring osmosis. 
 
 Osmosis (oz-mo'-sis) [(bop.bg, impulsion]. The 
 passage of liquids and substances in solution 
 through a porous septum. See Endosmosis 
 and Exosmosis. 
 
 Osmotic {oz-mot' -ik) . Pertaining to osmosis. 
 
 Osphus (os'-fus) [6o(puc, loin]. The loin. 
 
 Osphyalgia (os-fi-al'-je-ah) [osphus; aXjog, 
 pain]. Any pain in the hip or loins; sciatica. 
 
 Ossa (os'-ah) [L.; pi. of os, a bone]. Bones. 
 See Os. 
 
 Ossagen {os'-aj-en). A proprietary remedy 
 used in rickets, said to be the calcium salt 
 of the fatty acids of red bone-marrow. Dose 
 30-60 gr. (2-4 Gm.) twice daily. 
 
 Ossalin {os'-al-in). A hygroscopic ointment- 
 base prepared from bone-marrow. It oc- 
 curs as a grayish fat with the odor of tallow. 
 Syn., Adeps ossium. 
 
 Ossalinate (os-aV-in-dt). A proprietary sub- 
 stitute for cod-liver oil said to be the sodium 
 compound of the acid of ox-marrow. 
 
 Ossein {os'-e-in) [os, a bone]. The organic 
 base of osseous tissue. 
 
 Osseoalbumoid (os-e-o-al'-bu-moid). A pro- 
 teid substance resembling elastin, obtained 
 from bone after hydration of the collagen. 
 
 Osseoaponeurotic (os-e-o-ap-on-u-rot'-ik) [os; 
 aponeurosis]. Bounded by bone and the 
 aponeurosis of a muscle. 
 
 Osseomucoid (os-e-o-mu'-koid) . A mucin dis- 
 covered in bone and having the composition 
 
 C47-07-^6-69^ ll-8lS2'41^31-85- 
 
 Osseous {os'-e-us) [os]. Bony; composed of 
 or resembling bone. 
 
 Ossicle {os'-ik-l) [ossiculum, dim. of os]. A 
 small bone. O., Auditory, one of a chain 
 of small bones found in the tympanic cavity 
 of the ear. 
 
 Ossicula {os-ik'-u-lah) [L.]. Plural of Ossic- 
 ulum. 
 
 Ossiculectomy (os-ik-u-lek'-to-me) [ossicle; eu- 
 ro py, excision]. The excision of an ossicle 
 or of the auditory ossicles. 
 
 Ossiculotomy (os-ik-u-lot'-o-me) [ossicle; rip- 
 vecv, to cut]. Surgical incision of the ossicles 
 of the ear. 
 
 Ossiculum (os-ik'-u-lum). Synonym of Os- 
 sicle. Ossicula calcoidea, the cuneiform 
 bones of the foot. Ossicula epactalia, the 
 wormian bones. O. hamuli, a horny 
 
OSSIFEROUS 
 
 715 
 
 OSTEODERMIA 
 
 nodule in the trochlea near the ventral bor- 
 der of the lacrimal groove. O. jugulare, 
 one of frequent occurrence in the posterior 
 lacerated foramen. Ossicula triticea, the 
 lesser cornua of the hyoid bone. 
 
 Ossiferous (ps-if'-er-us) [os; ferre, to bear]. 
 Containing or producing bone tissue. 
 
 Ossific (os-if'-ik) [os; facere, to make]. Pro- 
 ducing bone. 
 
 Ossification (os-if-ik-a'-shun) [see Ossific]. 
 The formation of bone. 
 
 Ossifluent (os-if'-lu-ent) [os; fluere, to flow]. 
 Breaking down and softening bony tissue, 
 as an ossifluent abscess. 
 
 Ossiform (os'-if-orm) [os; forma, form]. Bone- 
 like. 
 
 Ossifying (os'-if-i-ing) [os; facere, to make]. 
 Changing into bone. O. Chondroma, a 
 chondroma that is undergoing ossification. 
 O. Myositis, inflammation of muscle at- 
 tended with, or followed by, deposition of 
 bone-like masses. 
 
 Ostalgia (os-tal' -je-ah) [osteo-; alyoc, pain]. 
 Pain in a bone. 
 
 Ostalgitis (os-tal-ji'-tis) [osteo-; aX-foc, pain; 
 exec , inflammation]. Inflammation of a bone 
 attended by pain. 
 
 Ostearthrocace (os-te-ar-throk'-as-e) [osteo-; 
 apdpov, joint; Kanoc, bad]. Malignant caries 
 of the bones of a joint. 
 
 Ostectopy (os-tek'-to-pe) [osteo-; iKzoxoc, 
 placed]. Displacement of bone. 
 
 Osteectomy (os-te-ek'-to-me) [osteo-; iKzop.rj, 
 excision]. Excision of a portion of a bone. 
 
 Ostein (os'-te-in). The same as Ossein. 
 
 Osteitis, Ostitis {ps-te-i'-tis, os-ti'-tis) [osteo-; 
 tree, inflammation]. Inflammation of bone. 
 O., Condensing, a form usually involving 
 the whole of a hollow bone, and resulting in 
 the filling of the medullar}' cavity with 
 a dense bony mass; new bone usually 
 forms on the surface, so that the bone be- 
 comes heavier and denser than normal. O. 
 deformans, a rare form characterized by 
 the production of deformity. O. fungosa, 
 a simple inflammatory hyperplasia of the 
 medulla and of the compact substance of 
 bone characterized by fungoid granulations 
 and leading to new ossification or destruc- 
 tive chronic inflammation. O., Gummat- 
 ous, a chronic form due to syphilis and char- 
 acterized by the formation of gummas in 
 the cancellous tissue of the epiphysis, in the 
 shaft of a bone, or in the periosteum. O., 
 Rarefying. See Osteoporosis. O., Scleros- 
 ing. See Osteosclerosis. 
 
 Ostemia (os-te'-me-ah) [osteo-; alpta, blood]. 
 A morbid condition of bone distinguished 
 by its turgescence with blood. 
 
 Ostempyesis (os-tem-pi-e'-sis) [osteo-; i/ixuTjoec, 
 suppuration]. Suppuration of bone. 
 
 Osteo- (os-te-o-) [oarkov, bone]. A prefix 
 signifying connection with or relation to 
 bone. 
 
 Osteoanabrosis (os-te-o-an-ab-ro'-sis) [osteo-; 
 dva, up; ftpujocc, eating]. Absorption of bone 
 or its destruction, as by osteoclasts. 
 
 Osteoaneurysm (os-te-o-an' '-u-rizm) [osteo-; 
 aneurysm]. Aneurysm of the arteries of a 
 bone; a pulsating tumor of a bone. 
 
 Osteoarthritis (os-te-o-ar-thri' -tis) [osteo-; ar- 
 thritis]. An inflammation of the bones form- 
 ing a joint. 
 
 Osteoarthropathy (os - te - o - ar - throp'-ath -e) 
 [osteo-; apdpov, joint; ~adoc, disease]. Any 
 disease of bony articulations. O., Hyper- 
 trophic Pulmonary, a disease characterized 
 by a bulbous enlargement of the terminal 
 phalanges of the fingers and toes, a thick- 
 ening of the articular ends of the bones, 
 and a peculiar curvation of the nails. The 
 condition is usually associated with disease 
 of the lungs or pleura (whence the name 
 osteoarthopathie pneumique hypertrophiante 
 given to it by Marie), and results from the 
 absorption of toxic products from the dis- 
 eased foci. 
 
 Osteoarthrotomy (os-te-o-ar-throt'-o-me) [osteo-; 
 arthrotomy]. Excision of the joint-end of a 
 bone. 
 
 Osteoblast (os'-te-o-blast) [osteo-; fiXaoroc, a 
 germ]. Any one of the cells of mesoblastic 
 origin concerned in the formation of bony 
 tissue. 
 
 Osteocachexia (os-te-o-kak-eks'-e-ah) . Cachexia 
 due to disease of the bones. 
 
 Osteocarcinoma (os-te-o- kar - sin - o'-mah) . 
 i. Ossifying carcinoma. 2. Carcinoma of 
 bone. 
 
 Osteocele (os'-te-o-sel) [osteo-; kt/Xt], hernia]. 
 A bone-like substance found in old hernial 
 sacs; also marked hardening of the testicle. 
 
 Osteochondritis (os-te-o-kon-dri f -tis). Inflam- 
 mation involving both bone and cartilage. 
 
 Osteochondroma (os-te-o-kon-dro'-mah). A 
 tumor that is in part bony and in part car- 
 tilaginous. 
 
 Osteochondrophyte (os-te-o-kon'-dro-fit). A 
 bone tumor in which the proportions of bone 
 and cartilage are nearly equal. 
 
 Osteochondrosarcoma (os-te-o-kon-dro-sar-ko'- 
 mah). An osteochondroma with sarcomatous 
 features. 
 
 Osteoclasis (os-te-ok' -la-sis) [osteo-; nXaocc, a 
 breaking]. 1. Fracture of bones for purposes 
 of remedying deformity. 2. The destruction 
 of bony tissue by osteoclasts. 
 
 Osteoclast (os'-te-o-klast) [see Osteoclasis]. 
 
 1. An instrument for performing osteoclasis. 
 
 2. One of the large multinuclear cells found 
 against the surface of bone in little eroded 
 depressions (Howship's lacunas), and con- 
 cerned in the removal of bone. 
 
 Osteocope (os'-te-o-kop). See Osteocopic Pain. 
 
 Osteocopic Pain (os-te-o-kop r -ik) [osteo-; koxoc, 
 a beating]. A severe pain in a bone, usually 
 worse at night. It is a symptom of osteitis 
 or periostitis, especially of syphilitic origin. 
 
 Osteocranium (os-te-o-kra'-ne-um). The ossi- 
 fied cranium as distinguished from the chon- 
 drocranium. 
 
 Osteocystoma (os-te-o-sis-to'-mah). A cystic 
 bone-tumor. 
 
 Osteodermia (os-te-o-der'-me-ah) [osteo-; okpfia, 
 
OSTEODIASTASIS 
 
 716 
 
 OSTEOTOMY 
 
 skin]. The existence of bony formations in 
 the skin. 
 
 Osteodiastasis (os-te-o-di-as'-ta-sis) [osteo-; dta- 
 oxaocc, separation]. Separation of bone (as 
 an epiphysis) without true fracture. 
 
 Osteodiclis (os-te-o-dik'-lis). See Diclidostosis. 
 
 Osteodynia (os-te-o-din'-e-ah) [osteo-; ddovr,. 
 pain]. A chronic pain in a bone. 
 
 Osteoepiphysis {os-te-o-e-pi}'-is-is). A bony 
 . epiphysis. 
 
 Osteofibrolipoma (os-te-o~fi-bro-lip-o'-mah). A 
 tumor made up of bony, fibrous, and fatty 
 elements. 
 
 Osteofibroma (os-te-o-fi-bro'-mah). A com- 
 bined osteoma and fibroma. 
 
 Osteogenesis (os-te-o-jen'-es-is) [osteo-; ykveacc, 
 origin]. The development of bony tissue. 
 
 Osteogenetic ips-te-o-jen-et' -ik) [see Osteogen- 
 esis']. Pertaining to, or concerned in, osteo- 
 genesis. O. Cell, an osteoblast. O. Layer, 
 the deep layer of periosteum from which 
 bone is formed. 
 
 Osteohalisteresis {os-te-o-hal-is-ter-e'-sis) [os- 
 teo-; aXc, salt; oriprjocc, privation]. A loss 
 of the mineral constituents of bone. 
 
 Osteoid (os'-te-oid) [osteo-; eldoc, like]. i. 
 Resembling bone. 2. An osteoma. 
 
 Osteolipochondroma (os-te-o-lip -o- kon - dro'- 
 mah) [osteo-; X'cnog, fat; chondroma]. A 
 chondroma with osseous and fatty elements. 
 
 Osteology (os-te-oV-o-je) [osteo-; Aoror, science]. 
 The science of the anatomy and structure of 
 bones. 
 
 Osteolysis {os-te-ol f -is-is) [osteo-; Xoacc, dis- 
 solution]. Absorption of bone. 
 
 Osteoma {ps-te-o' -mah) [osteo-; opta, a tumor]. 
 A bony tumor. O. durum, a tumor con- 
 sisting of hard bony tissue. O. eburneum. 
 Synonym of O. durum. O. medullare, an 
 osteoma containing marrow-spaces. O. 
 spongiosum, an osteoma containing cancel- 
 lated bony tissue. 
 
 Osteomalacia (os-te-o-mal-a'-she-ah) [osteo-; 
 fiakaKca, softening]. Softening of bone from 
 loss of its earthy constituents. It occurs 
 chiefly in adults, especially in women in the 
 course of pregnancy. 
 
 Osteomyelitis {os-te-o-mi-el-i' -tis) [osteo-; mye- 
 litis]. Inflammation of the marrow of bone. 
 
 Osteomyelum {ps-te-o-mi f -el-um) [osteo-; p.oe- 
 Xoc, marrow]. The marrow of bone. 
 
 Osteonabrosis ips-te-on-ab-ro' -sis) . See Osteo- 
 anabrosis. 
 
 Osteonagenesis (os-te-on-aj-en' -es-is). See 
 Osteogenesis. 
 
 Osteoncus (os-te-ong' -kus) [osteo-; oynog, 
 tumor]. 1. A tumor of a bone. 2. An 
 exostosis. 
 
 Osteonecrosis {os-te-o-ne-kro'-sis). Necrosis of 
 bone. 
 
 Osteoparectasis {os-te-o-par-ek'-tas-is) [osteo-; 
 napkuraoic, a stretching out]. Abnormal' 
 lengthening of a bone; overextension in the 
 treatment of fracture. 
 
 Osteopathy {os-te-op'-ath-e) [osteo-; tzoBoc, 
 suffering]. 1. Any disease of bone. 2. A 
 socalled system of healing conceived by A. 
 T. Still, based on the belief that all disease 
 
 is due to misplacement of bones with resul- 
 tant pressing upon nerves, muscles, etc. 
 
 Osteoperiostitis {ps-te-o-per-e-os-ti' -tis) [osteo-} 
 periostitis]. Combined inflammation of the 
 bone and periosteum. 
 
 Osteophlebitis (os-te-o-fle-bi'-tis). Inflamma- 
 tion of the veins of a bone. 
 
 Osteophyma (os-te-o-fi 1 '-mah) [osteo-; <j>ujia, 
 swelling]. Any tumor or swelling of a bone. 
 
 Osteophyte (os'-te-o-fit) [osteo-; (fzuxov, a plant]. 
 A bony outgrowth of dendritic character. 
 
 Osteoplastic (os-te-o-plas'-tik) [see Osteoplasty]. 
 
 1. Pertaining to the formation of bone. 2. 
 Pertaining to plastic operations upon bone. 
 O. Resection, an operation in which a 
 portion of bone, cut loose from its attach- 
 ments except at one point, is laid back, the 
 underlying diseased structure removed, and 
 the bone replaced. It is known as the 
 Wagner- Wolff method. 
 
 Osteoplasty ips' -te-o-plas-te) [osteo-; izXaooztv, 
 to form]. Plastic operations performed upon 
 bone. 
 
 Osteoporosis {os-te-o-por-o' -sis) [osteo-; nbpoc, 
 a pore]. An enlargement of the spaces of bone 
 whereby a porous appearance is produced. 
 
 Osteopsathyrosis (os-te-o-sath-ir-o' '-sis) [osteo-; 
 (padupoc, friable]. Fragility of the bones. 
 
 Osteorrhaphy (ps-te-or'-a-je) [osteo-; pa<firj, su- 
 ture]. The suturing of bones. 
 
 Osteosarcoma (os-te-o-sar-ko f -mah). A sar- 
 coma containing bone. 
 
 Osteosarcosis {os-te-o-sar-ko' -sis) [osteo-; ob.pt;, 
 flesh]. The conversion of bone into sarcoma- 
 tous tissue. 
 
 Osteosclerosis (os-te-o-skle-ro f -sis). A condi- 
 tion in which the bone becomes hard and 
 heavy; it is seen in sclerosing or condens- 
 ing osteitis. 
 
 Osteospongioma (os-te-o-spun-je-o'-mah). A 
 tumor consisting of a spongy or highly can- 
 cellous growth of bony tissue. 
 
 Osteosteatoma {ps-te-o-ste-at-o' -mah). A fatty 
 tumor of bone. 
 
 Osteostixis (os-te-o-stiks 1 '-is) [osteo-; ot'c&c, a 
 pricking]. Surgical puncturing of a bone. 
 
 Osteosuture ips-te-o-su'-tur). See Osteor- 
 rhaphy. 
 
 Osteosynovitis {os-te-o-sin-o-vi'-tis). Syno- 
 vitis complicated with osteitis of adjacent 
 bones. 
 
 Osteotabes (os-te-o-ta'-bez). Bone degenera- 
 tion of infants beginning with the destruc- 
 tion of the cells of the lymphoid or splenoid 
 bone-marrow, which disappears completely in 
 parts and is replaced by soft gelatinous tissue; 
 later the spongy bone diminishes, and lastly 
 the compact bone. 
 
 Osteotome (os'-te-o-tom) [osteo-; rofi-q, a cut- 
 ting]. 1. An instrument for cutting bone. 
 
 2. An instrument used in cutting the bones 
 of the fetal head in embryotomy. 
 
 Osteotomy (os-te-ot'-o-me) [see Osteotome]. 
 The division of a bone. O., Cuneiform, 
 an osteotomy in which a wedge of bone is 
 removed. O., Linear, a simple division of 
 a bone. O., Macewen's. See Operation, 
 Macewen's. 
 
OSTEOTRITE 
 
 717 
 
 OTOSCOPE 
 
 Osteotrite {os'-te-o-trlt) [osteo-; rpcftecv, to 
 rub]. An instrument for scraping away 
 carious bone. 
 
 Osteotympanic {os-te-o-tim-pan'-ik). See 
 
 Craniotympanic. 
 
 Ostial {os'-te-al) [ostium]. Pertaining to an 
 opening or orifice. 
 
 Ostiary {os'-te-a-re) {ostium]. Same as Ostial. 
 
 Ostium {os'-te-um) [L.]. A mouth or aper- 
 ture. 0. abdominale, the orifice of the 
 oviduct communicating with the peritoneal 
 cavity. O. internum, the uterine opening 
 of the oviduct. O. pharyngeum, the phar- 
 yngeal opening of the eustachian tube. O. 
 tympanicum, the tympanic opening of the 
 eustachian tube. O. vaginas, the external 
 orifice of the vagina. 
 
 Ostoid {os'-toid). See Osteoid. 
 
 Otacoustic {o-ta-koos'-tik) [ode, ear; anouetv, to 
 hear], i. Pertaining to or aiding hearing. 
 2. An ear-trumpet. 
 
 Otalgia {o-tal f -je-ah) [ouc, ear; dXyoc, pain]. 
 Earache. 
 
 Otaphone (o'-taf-ori) [ouc, ear; <f>covrj, sound]. A 
 clamp for throwing the pinnas forward and 
 outward, and thus assisting the hearing. 
 
 Othematoma {ot-hem-at-o' -mah) [ouc, ear; 
 hematoma]. Hematoma of the external ear, 
 usually the pinna; it is comparatively fre- 
 quent in the insane. Syn., Hcematoma auris; 
 Insane ear. 
 
 Otiatrics {o-te-af -riks) [ouc, ear; earpcKoc, of 
 healing]. The study of diseases of the ear 
 and their treatment. 
 
 Otic {o'-tik) [wtckoc, from ouc, ear]. Pertain- 
 ing to the ear. O. Ganglion. See Ganglion, 
 Otic. 
 
 Oticodynia {o-tik-o-din' -e-alt) [otic; d'cvoc, ver- 
 tigo]. Vertigo from ear disease. 
 
 Otitis {o-ti'-tis) [ouc, ear; ntc, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the ear. O. externa, in- 
 flammation of the external ear. O. interna, 
 that affecting the internal ear. O. mas- 
 toidea, inflammation confined to the mas- 
 toid cells; mastoid disease. O. media, that 
 affecting the middle ear. 
 
 Oto- {o-to-) [ouc, ear]. A prefix signifying 
 connection with or relation to the ear. 
 
 Otocephalus {o-to-se}' -al-us) [oto-; Ke<f>a\-q, 
 head]. A monster characterized by a union 
 or close approach of the ears, by absence 
 of the lower jaw, and an ill-developed mouth. 
 
 Otocleisis {o-to-kli'-sis) [oto-; kXuocc, closure]. 
 Occlusion of the ear. 
 
 Otoconite {o-tok'-o-nlt). See Otoconium. 
 
 Otoconium {o-to-W -ne-um) [oto-; tcovcc, dust]. 
 An otolith. 
 
 Otocrane, Otocranium {o' -to-krdn, o4o-kra r - 
 ne-um) [oto-; upavtov, skull]. The cavity 
 of the petrous portion of the skull holding 
 the organ of hearing. 
 
 Otodynia (o-to-din' '-e-ah) [oto-; dduvr), pain]. 
 Pain in the ear. 
 
 Otogenous {o-to]' -en-us) [oto-; yevvdv, to pro- 
 duce]. Originating in the ear. 
 
 Otography {o-tog'-ra-fe) [oto-; ypafetv, to 
 write]. Descriptive anatomy of the ear. 
 
 Otohemineurasthenia {o-to-hem-i-nu-ras-the' - 
 ne-ak) [oto-; hemi, half; neurasthenia]. A con- 
 dition in which hearing is limited exclusively 
 to one ear, without the evidence of any 
 materia] lesion of the auditory apparatus. 
 
 Otolith {o'-to-lith) [oto-; Xcdoc, stone]. One of 
 the calcareous concretions within the mem- 
 branous labyrinth of the ear. 
 
 Otology {o-tol'-o-je) [oto-; Xbyoc, science]. The 
 science of the ear, its anatomy, functions, 
 and diseases. 
 
 Otomassage {o-to-mas-ahzh') [oto-; massage]. 
 The application of passive motion to the 
 tympanic membrane and auditory ossicles. 
 
 Otomyasthenia {o-to- mi -as- the' -ne- ah) . i . 
 Weakness of the muscles of the ear. 2. 
 Defective hearing due to a paretic condi- 
 tion of the tensor tympani and stapedius 
 muscles. 
 
 Otomyces {o-to-mi'-sez) [oto-; fiUKf]c, fungus]. 
 A fungous growth within the ear. 
 
 Otomycosis {o-to-mi-ko' -sis) . The growth of 
 fungi within the ear, or the diseased con- 
 dition caused by the same. 
 
 Otoneurasthenia {o-to-nu-ras-the'-ne-ah). A 
 condition of deficient tone of the auditory 
 apparatus. 
 
 Otopathy {o-top'-ath-e) [oto-; izadoc, disease]. 
 Any affection of the ear. 
 
 Otopharyngeal {o-to-far-in f -je-al). Pertaining 
 to the ear and the pharynx. O. Tube, the 
 eustachian tube. 
 
 Otophone {o'-to-fon) [oto-; cfyoivf), voice]. 1. 
 An ear-trumpet or other device for gather- 
 ing and intensifying sound-waves. 2. An 
 auscultating tube used in ear diseases. 
 
 Otopiesis {o-to-pi' -es-is) [oto-; izhocc, pressure]. 
 Pressure on the labyrinth sufficient to cause 
 deafness. Depression of the tympanic mem- 
 brane by atmospheric pressure, owing to the 
 rarefaction of the air within the tympanic 
 cavity. 
 
 Otoplasty {0' -to-plas-te) [oto-; nXaooecv, to 
 form]. Plastic surgery of the external ear. 
 
 Otopolyp {o-to-pol'-ip). A polyp occurring 
 in the ear. 
 
 Otor {o'-tor) [ouc, ear]. Aural. 
 
 Otorhinolaryngology {o-to-ri-no-lar-in-goV-o- 
 je) [oto-; pec, nose; laryngology]. The 
 anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the 
 ear, nose, and throat. 
 
 Otorrhea {o-tor-e'-ah) [oto-; po'ca, a flow]. A 
 discharge from the external auditory meatus. 
 
 Otoscleronectomy {o-to-skle-ro-nek' -to-me) 
 
 [oto-; onXrjpoc, hard; eKzopiT), excision]. Sur- 
 gical removal of sclerosed and ankylosed 
 conductors of sound in chronic otitis media. 
 
 Otoscope {o'-to-skop) [oto-; okotzb'cv, to exam- 
 ine]. An instrument for examining the 
 ear, especially a rubber tube, one extremity of 
 which is inserted into the ear of the subject, 
 and the other extremity into the ear of the 
 examiner, a current of air being passed by 
 means of a Politzer bag and a eustachian 
 catheter through the middle ear. In case of 
 tympanic perforation the rushing sound made 
 by the passing air is audible to the examiner. 
 
OTOSCOPY 
 
 718 
 
 ovos 
 
 Otoscopy (o-tos' -ko-pe) [see Otoscope]. Exami- 
 nation of the ear, especially by means of 
 the otoscope. 
 
 Otosteal {o-tos' -te-al) [see Otosteon]. Pertain- 
 ing to the bones of the ear. 
 
 Otosteon (o-tos' -te-on) \oto-; boxkov, bone], 
 i. An auditory ossicle, or ear-bone. 2. An 
 otolith. 
 
 Ototomy (o-tot'-o-me) [0I0-; to/xtj, a cutting]. 
 Dissection of the ear. 
 
 Ouabain (oo-a'-ba-in), C 30 H 46 O 12 . A poisonous 
 glucosid from the wood of Carissa schimperi 
 and of Acocanthera venenata. Introduced 
 into the stomach it is nonpoisonous, but 
 injected into the blood it is extremely viru- 
 lent. It is a depressant to the heart and the 
 respiration. As a local anesthetic it has ten 
 times the power of cocain. It has been 
 recommended for whooping-cough in doses 
 of joVo g r - (0.000065 Gm.), repeated with 
 caution. 
 
 Oulitis (oo-li'-tis). See U litis. 
 
 Ounce (ouns) [uncia, a. contraction of undecia, 
 a twelfth part]. A unit of measure of weight. 
 O., Avoirdupois, the sixteenth part of the 
 avoirdupois pound, or 437.5 g r - (3 1 - 1 Gm.). 
 O., Troy, the twelfth part of the troy pound, 
 or 480 gr. (31.08.Gm.). 
 
 Ouro- (00-ro-). See Uro-. 
 
 Outpatient (out'-pa-shent). A hospital patient 
 treated without the walls of the institution. 
 
 Ovadin (o'-vad-in). A proprietary preparation 
 of the ovaries of animals containing iodin. 
 
 Oval (o'-val) [ovum]. Egg-shaped. 
 
 Ovalbumen (o-val-bu'-men) [ovum; albumen]. 
 The albumen of the egg. 
 
 Ovaraden (o-var-ad'-en). An organotherapeu- 
 tic preparation from the ovaries of animals; 
 used as a nervine. Dose 45-90 gr. (3- 
 6 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Ovarialgia (o-va-re-aV -je-ah) [ovary; a\foc, 
 pain]. Neuralgic pain in the ovary. 
 
 Ovarian (o-va'-re-an) [ovary]. Pertaining to 
 the ovaries. 
 
 Ovariin (o-var'-e-in). An organotherapeutic 
 preparation from the ovaries of cows; used 
 in ovarian disorders. Dose 15-24 gr. (1.0- 
 1.6 Gm.) 3 times daily in pills. 
 
 Ovarin (o'-var-in). The sterilized extract of 
 the ovaries of the pig; used in diseases of 
 women, sterility, etc. 
 
 Ovario- (o-va-re-o-) [ovarium, ovary]. A prefix 
 denoting relation to the ovary. 
 
 Ovariocele (o-va'-re-o-sel) [ovario-; k7}Xtj , hernia]. 
 Hernia of an ovary. 
 
 Ovariocentesis {p-va-re-o-sen-te' -sis) [ovario-; 
 Kevxrjocc, puncture]. Puncture of the oyary 
 or of an ovarian cyst. 
 
 Ovarioepilepsy (o-va-re-o-ep'-il-ep-se). See 
 
 Hystero epilepsy. 
 
 Ovariosalpingectomy (o-va-re -o-sal-pin-jek f -to- 
 me). See Oophorosalpingectomy. 
 
 Ovariostomy (o-va-re-os'-to-me). See Oopho- 
 rostomy. 
 
 Ovariotomist (o-va-re-of '-o-mist) [see Ovari- 
 otomy]. One who performs ovariotomy. 
 
 Ovariotomy (o-va-re-ot'-o-me) [ovario-; tony, a 
 
 cutting]. Literally, incision of an ovary. 
 As generally used, removal of an ovary; 
 oophorectomy. O., Normal, the removal of 
 an ovary that is free from disease. Syn., 
 Battey's Operation. 
 
 Ovaritis (o-var-i' -tis) . See Oophoritis. 
 
 Ovary (o'-var-e) [ovarium, an egg-holder, from 
 ovum, egg]. One of a pair of glandular or- 
 gans giving rise to ovums. It consists of a 
 fibrous framework or stroma, in which are 
 embedded the graafian follicles, and is sur- 
 rounded by a serous covering derived from 
 the peritoneum. 
 
 Ovaserum (o-va-se'-rum). The serum of an 
 animal which has acquired specific precipi- 
 tating action by the inoculation of egg- 
 albumen ; it may be used as a test for egg- 
 albumen. 
 
 Overextension. Excessive extension; exten- 
 sion beyond the normal point or line. 
 
 Overtone. A harmonic tone heard above the 
 fundamental tone. 
 
 Ovi- [ovum]. A prefix denoting relating to the 
 ovum. 
 
 Oviduct (o'-vid-ukt) [ovi-; ductus, a canal]. 
 The fallopian tube; a small tube upon each 
 side of the uterus, through which the ovule 
 passes to the uterus. 
 
 Oviferous {p-vif '-er-us) [ovi-; ferre, to bear]: 
 Producing or bearing ovums. 
 
 Ovification (o-vif-ik-a' -shun) [see Oviferous]. 
 The production of ovums. 
 
 Ovigerm (o'-vij-erm) [ovi-; germen, sprout; 
 bud]. A cell producing or developing into 
 an ovum. 
 
 Ovigerous (o-vif -er-us) [ovi-; gerere, to carry]. 
 Producing or carrying ovums. 
 
 Ovination (o-vin-a' -shun) [ovis y a sheep]. In- 
 oculation with the virus of sheep-pox. 
 
 Oviparous (o-vip'-ar-us) [ovi-; parere, to 
 bring forth]. Laying eggs; bringing forth 
 young in the egg-stage of development. 
 
 Oviprotogen (o-vi-pro' -to-jen) . A proprietary 
 dietetic, said to be a methylene compound 
 of albumin, given in milk to infants, and used 
 hypodermatically also. 
 
 Ovisac (o'-vis-ak) [ovi-; saccus, sac]. The 
 capsule of an ovum; a graafian follicle. 
 
 Ovo-. , The same as Ovi-. 
 
 Ovocenter (o'-vo-sen-ter) [ovo-; center]. The 
 centrosome of the ovarian egg during fertili- 
 zation. 
 
 Ovocyte (o'-vo-slt). The same as Oocyte. 
 
 Ovoglobulin (o-vo-glob'-u-lin) [ovo-; globulin]. 
 The globulin of white of egg. 
 
 Ovoid (o'-void) [ovo-; eldoc, like]. Egg- 
 shaped. O., Fetal, the fetal ellipse, or the 
 ellipse formed by the bending of the fetal 
 body in the uterus. 
 
 Ovolecithin (o-vo-les' -ith-in) . See Lecithin. 
 
 Ovomucin (0 - vo - mu'-sin). A glycoproteid 
 composing about 7 % of the proteid matter of 
 egg-white. 
 
 Ovomucoid (o-vo-mu'-koid). A glycoproteid 
 obtained from white of egg. 
 
 Ovos (o'-vos). A proprietary substitute for 
 meat-extract, prepared from yeast. 
 
OVOVITELLIN 
 
 719 
 
 OXYGEN 
 
 Ovovitellin {o-vo-vit-el'-in). A proteid con- 
 tained in yolk of egg; a white, granular 
 substance, soluble in dilute acids, alkalis, and 
 a 10% solution of common salt. 
 
 Ovoviviparous {o-vo-vi-vip' -ar-us) [ovo-; vivi- 
 parus, bringing forth alive]. Reproducing by 
 means of eggs hatched within the body. 
 
 Ovulation {ov-,u-la' -shun) [ovulum, dim. of 
 ovum]. The maturation and escape of the 
 ovum. 
 
 Ovule {ov'-uV) [ovum], i. The ovum before 
 its escape from the graafian vesicle. 2. A 
 small egg; especially a small, egg-like body, 
 as the ovule of Naboth, one of the small 
 cysts resulting from obstruction of the ducts 
 of the glands of the cervix uteri. O., Mi- 
 gration of, the transfer of the ovule from 
 the ovary to the oviduct. 
 
 Ovum {p'-vum) [L., "an egg"]. The repro- 
 ductive cell of an animal or vegetable; an 
 egg. A human ovum is a cell consisting of 
 a large amount of protoplasm {vitellus) and 
 a large spheric nucleus, the germinal vesicle, 
 within which is a bright spot, the nucleolus, 
 or germinal spot. It is surrounded by an 
 inner zone, the zona pellucida, and an outer, 
 the vitelline membrane. O., Alecithal, one 
 in which the food-yolk is entirely absent 
 or present only in very small quantity. O., 
 Blighted, an impregnated ovum the devel- 
 opment of which has been arrested by dis- 
 ease or by hemorrhage into the chorion or 
 amniotic cavity. 0., Centrolecithal, one 
 in which the formative yolk is arranged in a 
 regular layer around the whole ovum, as well 
 as in a mass at the center in which lies the 
 germinal vesicle. O., Holoblastic, one in 
 which the food-yolk is scant and more or less 
 thoroughly intermingled with the formative 
 yolk, and in which germination is accom- 
 panied by a practically uniform segmentation. 
 O., Meroblastic, an ovum with a large 
 amount of food-yolk that takes no active part 
 in the development of the embryo. O., 
 Telolecithal, one in which the food-yolk 
 and the formative yolk divide the egg into 
 two hemispheres, or in which the quantity 
 of the nutritive yolk is greatly in excess. 
 
 Oxalate {oks'-a-lat) [oxalis]. A salt of oxalic 
 acid. 
 
 Oxalic Acid {oks-al'-ik). See Acid, Oxalic. 
 
 Oxaluria {oks-al-u' -re-ah) [oxalis; obpov, urine]. 
 The presence of an excessive amount of cal- 
 cium oxalate in the urine. 
 
 Oxalylurea {oks-a-lil-u-re' '-ah) [oxalic; urea]. 
 Parabanic acid, a substance produced by 
 oxidizing uric acid or alloxan with nitric 
 acid. 
 
 Oxaphor {oks' -a- for) . A 50% alcoholic solu- 
 tion of oxy camphor; used in dyspnea. Dose 
 15 min. (1 Cc.) 2 or 3 times daily. 
 
 Oxatyl {oks'-at-il). See Carboxyl. 
 
 Oxid {oks'-id) [6£uc, sharp]. A binary com- 
 pound of oxygen and another element or 
 radicle. O., Acid, an oxid which produces 
 an acid when combined with water; an 
 anhvdrid. 
 
 Oxidase {oks'-id-dz). The inherent substance 
 of the living cell-nucleus that possesses the 
 power of setting free active oxygen. Col- 
 umnar epithelium and glandular tissue are 
 rich in oxidase. 
 
 Oxidation {oks-id-a' -shun) [oxid]. The act or 
 process of combining with oxygen. 
 
 Oxidize {oks'-i-diz). To combine or to cause 
 to combine with oxygen. 
 
 Oxims {oks'-imz). A series of chemic com- 
 pounds for the most part the product of the 
 action of hydroxylamin upon aldehyds and 
 ketones. 
 
 Oxols {oks'-olz). A collective name for anti- 
 septic fluid mixtures of a 3% solution of 
 hydrogen dioxid, 32 to 38 % alcohol, and 1 % 
 naphthol, menthol, or other substance. Cf. 
 Camphoroxol; Menthoxol; Naphthoxol. 
 
 Oxolyin {oks-oV -i-in) [6^'jc, sharp; XOecv, to dis- 
 solve]. According to Le Conte, that one of two 
 substances contained in globulin, casein, albu- 
 min, and fibrin which dissolves in glacial 
 acetic acid. Cf. Anoxolnin. 
 
 Oxy- (oks-e-) [6£uc, sour; sharp]. 1. A pre- 
 fix denoting sharp or acid. 2. A prefix de- 
 noting combined with oxygen. 
 
 Oxyacid {oks'-e-as-id) See under Acid. 
 
 Oxyakoia, Oxyacoa {oks-e-a-koi'-ah, oks-e-a- 
 ko'-ah) [oxy-; dnorj, hearing]. Increased 
 acuteness of hearing. 
 
 Oxybromid {oks-e-bro'-mid). A compound of 
 an element or radicle with oxygen and bromin. 
 
 Oxybutyric Acid {oks-e-bu-ti'-rik) [oxy-; buty- 
 rum, butter], C 4 H 8 3 . A fatty acid found 
 in the urine in certain fevers and in dia- 
 betes. Its presence in the body in diabetes, 
 simultaneously with that of diacetic acid, 
 is supposed to be the cause of diabetic 
 coma. 
 
 Oxy camphor {oks-e-kam'-for), C 10 H 15 O(OH). 
 An oxidation-product of camphor. It is used 
 in dyspnea. Dose 8-16 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.) 
 2 or 3 times daily. 
 
 Oxychinaseptol {oks-e-kin-ah-sep'-tol). See 
 Diaphtherin. 
 
 Oxychinolin {oks-e -kin' -o-lin). See Oxyquino- 
 lin. 
 
 Oxychlorid {oks-e-klo' -rid) [oxy-; x^copoc, green]. 
 A compound of a basic element or radicle 
 with both oxygen and chlorin. 
 
 Oxydases {oks' -e-da-zes) . See Ferments, Oxi- 
 dation, and Oxidase. 
 
 Oxydol {oks'-ed-oV). A solution of hydrogen 
 dioxid. 
 
 Oxydum {oks' -id-um) . See Oxid. 
 
 Oxyecoia {oks-e-e-koi'-ah). Synonym of Oxya- 
 koia. 
 
 Oxygen {oks'-ij-en) [o£uf, sour; yewdv, to pro- 
 duce]. A colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, one 
 of the nonmetallic elements, having an atomic 
 weight of 15.96; quantivalence 11; symbol O, 
 and constituting one-fifth of the atmosphere, 
 eight -ninths of water, three-fourths of organ- 
 ized bodies, and about one-half the crust of the 
 globe; it supports combustion, and is essen- 
 tial to the respiration of animals and plants. 
 It combines with most elements, its combina- 
 
OXYGENATED 
 
 720 
 
 OZOSTOMIA 
 
 tion with the nonmetallic substances giving 
 rise to acids (oxyacids). In medicine it has 
 been employed by inhalation in the treatment 
 of pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, grave 
 anemias, asphyxia, and poisoning by opium. 
 O. -carrier, a katalytic substance capable of 
 absorbing molecules of oxygen and in turn of 
 splitting these to give off atomic oxygen; the 
 nucleoproteids are the oxygen-carriers of living 
 matter. 
 
 Oxygenated (oks r -e-jen-a-ted) [oxygen]. Con- 
 taining or impregnated with oxygen. 
 
 Oxyhematoporphyrin (oks-e-hem-at-o-por' -fir- 
 in). A peculiar substance found in urine 
 and closely allied to urohematoporphyrin, 
 but producing a red instead of an orange 
 color. 
 
 Oxyhemoglobin (oks-e-hem-o-glo' -bin) [oxygen; 
 hemoglobin]. Oxidized hemoglobin; that 
 found in arterial blood. 
 
 Oxyiodid (oks-e-i' -o-did) [oxy-; iodin]. A 
 salt formed by the combination of an element 
 with both oxygen and iodin. 
 
 Oxymel (oks'-im-el) [oxy-; p.e\t, honey], i. 
 A mixture of honey and vinegar or dilute 
 acetic acid. 2. Any preparation containing 
 honey and vinegar (or acetic acid) as a vehicle, 
 as oxymel of squill. 
 
 Oxymethy lene (oks -e- meth'- il - en) . Form- 
 al dehyd. 
 
 Oxyntic (oks-in'-tik) [6£6c, acid]. Secreting acid. 
 O. Cells, cells of the fundus glands of the 
 stomach supposed to secrete hydrochloric 
 acid. 
 
 Oxyopia (oks-e-o' -pe-ah) [oxy-; u><J>, eye]. In- 
 creased acuity of vision. 
 
 Oxyphenylsulfonic Acid Test for Albumin. 
 Make a solution of 3 parts of oxyphenylsul- 
 fonic acid, 1 part salicylsulfonic acid, water 
 20 parts. To 1 drop of this add 1 Cc. of urine, 
 and in the presence of albumin a white, trans- 
 parent precipitate will be formed. 
 
 Oxyphenylethylamin (oks-e-fen-il-eth-il f -am- 
 in). A product of pancreatic digestion. 
 
 Oxyphil (oks'-if-il) [oxy-; <f>tt.oc, loving]. 
 Histologic elements that attract acid dyes. 
 
 Oxypodia (oks-e-po'-de-ah). See Talipes 
 equinus. 
 
 Oxypropylenediisoamylamin (oks-e-pro-pil- 
 en-di-ls-o-am-il f -am-in) . A synthetic alka- 
 loid occurring as a clear fluid, soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, or oils, insoluble in water, with 
 action similar to atropin. 
 
 Oxyquinaseptol (oks -e- kuuin -ah- sep'- tol) . 
 Same as Diaphtherin. 
 
 Oxyquinolin (oks-e-kwin'-o-lin), C 9 H 7 NO. A 
 compound prepared by digesting quinolin 
 
 with a bleaching lime-solution. Syn., Carbo- 
 styril. 
 
 Oxysalt (oks' -e-sawlt) [oxy-; salt]. A salt of an 
 oxyacid. 
 
 Oxysepsin (oks-e-sep'-sin). An oxidized toxin 
 prepared from cultures of Bacillus tubercu- 
 losis. 
 
 Oxyspartein (oks-e-spar' -te-in) [oxy-; spar- 
 tein]. A derivative of spartein; it is a cardiac 
 stimulant. O. Hydrochlorate, C 15 H 24 N 2 0. - 
 2HCI, is used hypodermatically in heart 
 disease. Dose f-i| gr. (0.05-0.1 Gm.). 
 
 Oxytocic (oks-e-tos'-ik) [oxy-; tokoc, labor]. 
 1. Hastening parturition. 2. A drug that 
 hastens parturition. 
 
 Oxytoxin (oks-e-toks' -in) . An oxidized toxin. 
 
 Oxy tuberculin (oks-e-tu-ber' -ku-lin) . An oxi- 
 dized tuberculin. Dose 5 dr. (20 Cc.) daily. 
 
 Oxyuris (oks-e-u f -ris) [oxy-; oupa, tail]. A 
 genus of nematode worms — the pinworms. 
 O. vermicularis, the common seatworm or 
 pinworm infesting the rectum of children. 
 
 Oxyvaselin (oks-e-vas'-el-in). Vasogen. 
 
 Oxyzymol (oks-e-zi' -mol) . See Carvacrol. 
 
 Ozalin (o'-za-lin). A proprietary disinfectant 
 consisting of a mixture of sulfates of calcium, 
 magnesium, and iron with caustic soda and 
 magnesia. 
 
 Ozena (o-ze'-nah) [b^ecv, to' smell]. Chronic 
 disease of the nose accompanied by a fetid 
 discharge, and depending on atrophic rhinitis, 
 syphilitic ulceration, or caries. 
 
 Ozocerite (o-zo-se' -rit) [o^ecv, to smell; KT)p6c, 
 wax]. A solid paraffin found free in Galicia 
 and Rumania, and used in diseases of the 
 skin. 
 
 Ozocrotia (o-zo-kro' -she-ah) [b£etv, to smell; 
 %p(bc, skin]. An offensive odor of the skin. 
 
 Ozonator (o'-zo-na-tor). An apparatus for 
 generating ozone. 
 
 Ozone (o'-zone) [p^ecv, to smell]. An allotropic 
 form of oxygen, the molecule of which con- 
 sists of three atoms. It occurs free in the 
 atmosphere, and is a powerful oxidizing agent. 
 In medicine it is employed as a disinfectant. 
 
 Ozonized (o'-zo-nizd) [ozone]. Containing 
 ozone. 
 
 Ozonoform (o-zo' -no-form) . A proprietary dis- 
 infectant said to consist of ozone and a dis- 
 tillate of the fir tree. 
 
 Ozonoscope (o-zo'-no-skop) [ozone; okotccIv, 
 to view]. A test-paper saturated with starch 
 and iodin used in determining the amount of 
 ozone in the air. 
 
 Ozostomia (o-zo-sto' -me-ah) [b^ecv, to smell; 
 oxbjia, mouth]. A foul odor from the mouth 
 or on the breath. 
 
721 
 
 PAIN 
 
 P. i. The symbol for phosphorus. 2. An ab- 
 breviation of position and punctum proxi- 
 mum (near-point). 
 
 Pabulum (pab'-u-lum) [L.]. Food. 
 
 Pacchionian Bodies, P. Glands (pak-e- 
 o'-ne-an). Small vegetations occupying the 
 convex surface of the meninges, chiefly along 
 the superior longitudinal sinus and over the 
 convexity of the cerebellum. P. Depres- 
 sions, the depressions produced by the 
 pacchionian bodies on the inner surface of the 
 skull. P. Foramen, the opening in the 
 tentorium for the passage of the encephalic 
 isthmus. 
 
 Pachy- (pak-e-) [nagac, thick]. A prefix mean- 
 ing thick. 
 
 Pachyblepharon (pak-e-blef -a-ron) [pachy-; 
 pXk<f>apov , the eyelid]. Thickening of the 
 eyelids. 
 
 Pachycephaly (pak-e-sef '-al-e) [pachy-; Ke^aki], 
 head]. Abnormal thickness of the skull. 
 
 Pachydactylia (pak-e-dak-tiV -e-ah) [pachy-; 
 dcLKTukoc, a finger]. A condition character- 
 ized by great thickness of the fingers 
 
 Pachyderma, Pachydermia (pak-e-der' -mah, 
 pak-e-der' '-me-ah) [pachy-; dipfia, skin]. 1. 
 Thickening of the skin. 2. Elephantiasis. 
 P. laryngis, extensive thickening of the 
 mucous membrane of the larynx. 
 
 Pachydermatocele (pak-e-der-maf -o-sel) [pa- 
 chy-; dermatocele]. A tumor due to thicken- 
 ing of the skin. 
 
 Pachydermatosis (pak-e-der ■-mat-o' '-sis) [pa- 
 chy-; dermatosis]. Hypertrophic rosacea. 
 
 Pachydermatous (pak-e-der' -mat-us) [pachy- 
 derma]. Thick-skinned. 
 
 Pachyemia (pak-e-e' -me-ah) [pachy-; alfia, 
 blood]. Abnormal or morbid thickening of 
 the blood. 
 
 Pachy hymenia (pak-e-hi-me'-ne-ah). See Pachy- 
 menia. 
 
 Pachyleptomeningitis (pak-e-lep-to-men-in-ji' '- 
 lis) [pachy-; leptomeningitis]. Combined in- 
 flammation of the pia and dura. 
 
 Pachylosis (pak-e -lo' -sis) [izaxoc, thick]. A 
 condition of the skin, especially of the legs, in 
 which it is* thick, dry, harsh, and scaly. 
 
 Pachymenia (pak-e-me' -ne-ah) [pachy-; u/.ir]v, 
 a membrane]. Thickening of the skin or of 
 a membrane. 
 
 Pachymeningitis (pak-e-men-in-ji'-tis) [pa- 
 chy-; meningitis]. Inflammation of the dura 
 of the brain (cerebral pachymeningitis) or the 
 spinal cord (spinal pachymeningitis). P. cer- 
 yicalis hypertrophica, a form of primary 
 inflammation of the spinal dura producing 
 pain and partial paralysis of one arm. P., 
 External, that affecting the external layer 
 of the dura. P., Hemorrhagic, P. haemor- 
 rhagica interna, an effusion of blood on the 
 inner surface of the dura. P., Internal, that 
 involving the internal layer of the dura. P., 
 Syphilitic, that due to syphilis. 
 47 
 
 Pachypelviperitonitis (pak-e-pel-vi-per-it-on- 
 i'-tis) [pachy-; pelvis; peritonitis]. Pelvic 
 peritonitis with a fibrous deposit over the 
 uterus. 
 
 Pachysalpingitis (pak-e-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Chronic 
 parenchymatous salpingitis. 
 
 Pachysalpingoovaritis (pak-e-sal-ping-o-o-var- 
 i'-tis). Inflammation of the ovary and ovi- 
 duct with thickening of the parts. 
 
 Pachysomia (pak-e-so' -me-ah) [pachy-; o<L}ia, 
 body]. Abnormal growth in thickness of the 
 soft parts of the body, as in akromegaly. 
 
 Pachytic (pak-it'-ik) [naxozTjc, thickness]. Fat; 
 •thick; obese; also having the power of thick- 
 ening the fluids of the body. 
 
 Pachyvaginalitis (pak-e-vaj-in-al-i' -tis) [pachy-; 
 vagina; tree, inflammation]. Hemorrhagic in- 
 flammation of the • tunica vaginalis of the 
 testicle, leading to hematocele. 
 
 Pacini's Fluid (pah-tshe'-ne). A conserving 
 and diluting fluid used in counting the red 
 blood-corpuscles: Corrosive sublimate, 1 
 part; sodium chlorid, 2 parts; glycerol, 13 
 parts; distilled water, 113 parts; allow it to 
 stand two months. For use, mix one part 
 of this solution with three parts of water and 
 filter. 
 
 Pacinian Corpuscles (pah-tshin' -e-an) . See 
 Corpuscles, Pacinian. 
 
 Pack (pak). A blanket, either dry or soaked 
 in hot or cold water, and wrapped about the 
 body. P., Cold, a blanket wrung out of 
 cold water and wrapped about the body. 
 P., Hot, a blanket wrung out of hot water 
 and wrapped about the body. P., Wet, a 
 blanket wrung out of warm or cold water and 
 wrapped about the body. 
 
 Packing (pak'-ing). 1. The act of filling a 
 wound or cavity with gauze or other material. 
 2. The material used for filling the cavity. 
 
 Page's Disease. See Erichsen's Disease. 
 
 Pagenstecher's Ointment [Pagenstecher, a 
 German ophthalmologist]. An ointment of 
 yellow mercuric oxid, used in ophthalmic 
 practice. 
 
 Paget's Abscess (paj'-et) [Sir J. Paget, an 
 English surgeon]. A residual abscess. P.'s 
 Disease. 1. Malignant dermatitis, attack- 
 ing most often the nipple and areola. 2. 
 Osteitis deformans; hypertrophic deforming 
 osteitis. P.'s Recurrent Fibroid, spindle- 
 celled sarcoma of the subcutaneous tissue. 
 
 Pain (pan) [pcena, punishment; pain]. 1. 
 Bodily suffering due to irritation of a sensory 
 nerve, or possibly, in rare cases, to changes in 
 the central nervous system. 2. One of the 
 rhythmic contractions of the uterus during 
 labor. P., After-, that following labor, and 
 caused by the uterus contracting to expel 
 clots, etc. P., Bearing-down, pain with 
 a sensation of dragging or bearing down of 
 the pelvic organs, occurring in labor and in 
 various inflammatory affections of the female 
 
PAINTER'S COLIC 
 
 722 
 
 PALMITIN 
 
 pelvic organs. P., False, that occurring Paleontology (pa-le-on-tol'-o-je) [xaXacoc, an- 
 
 in the latter part of pregnancy and resem- 
 bling labor pain, although not followed by 
 labor. P., Fulgurant, P., Fulgurating, 
 the intense shooting pain affecting princi- 
 pally the limbs of patients suffering from 
 locomotor ataxia. Syn., Lancinating pain. 
 P., Girdle-, a painful sensation as of a cord 
 tied about the waist; it is a symptom of or- 
 ganic disease of the spinal cord. P., Grow- 
 ing, a popular term for the soreness about 
 the joints in young persons at puberty. 
 Some attribute it to increased vascularity 
 of the epiphyses of long bones; others, to 
 rheumatism. P., Labor. See Pain (2). 
 P., Lancinating. See P., Fulgurant. P., 
 Starting, pain caused by a spasmodic con- 
 traction of the muscles just before the onset 
 of sleep. It occurs in joint diseases when 
 the cartilages are ulcerated. P., Terebrat- 
 ing, P., Terebrant, boring pain. 
 
 Painter's Colic. Lead colic. 
 
 Palatal {pal'-at-al) [palate]. Pertaining to the 
 palate. 
 
 Palate (pal'-dt) [palatum, palate]. The roof 
 of the mouth. It is composed of the hard 
 palate, formed by the palatal processes of 
 the superior maxillary bones and the palatal 
 bones, and the soft palate, or velum palati, 
 consisting of an aggregation of muscles — the 
 tensor palati, azygos uvulae, palatoglossus, 
 and palatopharyngeus. P., Artificial, a 
 plate of hard material used as an obturator 
 to close a fissure in the palate. P. Bone, 
 an L-shaped bone back of the nasal fossas; 
 it helps to form the floor and outer wall of 
 the nose, roof of the mouth, and floor of the 
 orbit; also sphenomaxillary and pterygoid 
 fossas and the sphenomaxillary fissure. P., 
 Cleft. See Cleft Palate. 
 
 Palatine (pal'-a-tin) [palate]. 1. Pertaining to 
 the palate, as the palatine arteries. 2. Con- 
 veying the palatine vessels or nerves. 
 
 PalatO- (pal-a-to-) [palate]. A prefix denoting 
 relation to the palate. 
 
 Palatoglossal (pal-a-to - glo s' -al) [potato-; yXcLoaa, 
 tongue]. Pertaining to the palate and the 
 tongue. 
 
 Palatoglossus (pal-a-to-glos'-us). See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Palatonasal (pal-a-to-na' -sal) [palato-; nasal]. 
 Pertaining to the palate and the nose. 
 
 Palatopharyngeal (pal-a-to- far -in' '-je-al) [pal- 
 ato-; pharynx]. Pertaining conjointly to the 
 palate and the pharynx. 
 
 Palatopharyngeus (pal-a-to- far-in' -je-us). See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Palatorrhaphy (pal-a-tor'-a-fe). See Staphy- 
 lorrhaphy. 
 
 Palatosalpingeus (pal -a -to -sal- pin f - je-us). 
 The tensor palati muscle. 
 
 Palatoschisis (pal-a-to s'-kis-is) [palato-; 0%'cocc, 
 cleft]. Cleft palate. 
 
 Palatostaphylinus (pal-at-o-staf-il-i'-nus). See 
 Azygos uvula under Muscle. 
 
 Palatouvularis (pal-a-to-u-vu-la'-ris). See 
 Azygos uvula under Muscle. 
 
 cient; ibv, being; Xbyog, science]. The sci- 
 ence of the early life-forms of the earth. 
 
 Palimbolous (pal-im' -bo-lus) [naXiv, back; /?a/l- 
 Xecv, to cast]. Changing often; applied to 
 diseases with very inconstant symptoms. 
 
 Palingenesis (pal-in-jen' -es-is) [naXcv, back; 
 fkvzotg, production]. The form of develop- 
 ment of an individual germ in which the 
 development of its ancestors is succinctly 
 repeated. 
 
 Palinodia (pal-in-o' -de-ah) [izaXtv, back; bdog, 
 a way]. A recurrence or relapse of a disease. 
 
 Palladium (pal-a' -de-um) [naXXadcov, a statue 
 of Pallas] A rare metal sometimes used in 
 making instruments of precision. P. Chlorid, 
 a drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 
 Dose 10 drops of a 3% solution. 
 
 Palliative (pal' -e-a-tiv) [palliare, to cloak]. 
 1. Relieving or alleviating suffering. 2. A 
 drug relieving or soothing the symptoms of 
 a disease without curing it. 
 
 Pallium (pal'-e-um) [L., "a cloak"]. 1. The 
 mantle or shell-forming tissue of a mol- 
 lusk. 2. Of the brain, the fissured portion 
 of each cerebral hemisphere, exclusive of 
 the caudatum and the rhinencephalon. 
 
 Palm (pahm) [palma, palm]. 1. The inner 
 ■ or flexor surface of the hand; the hollow of 
 the hand. 2. A palm-tree. P. -oil (oleum 
 palma), a fixed oil obtained from the fruit 
 of Elceis guineensis. It is employed in mak- 
 ing soap. 
 
 Palma (pal'-mah) [L.]. Palm. Palmae plica- 
 tae, the arborescent rugas of the interior of 
 the vagina. 
 
 Palmar (pal' -mar). Pertaining to the palm 
 of the hand. P. Abscess, an abscess in 
 the palm of the hand, usually situated be- 
 neath the palmar fascia. P. Arch, one of 
 the two curved arches, superficial and deep, 
 formed by the anastomosis of the radial and 
 ulnar arteries in the hand. P. Fascia, the 
 sheath investing the muscles of the hand. 
 
 Palmaris (pal-ma' -r is). See under Muscle. 
 
 Palmature (pal' -mat-ur) [palm]. Union of the 
 fingers, congenital or from burns, wounds, or 
 other trauma. 
 
 Palmella (pal-mel'-ah). A genus of fresh- 
 water algse. 
 
 Palmellin (pal-meV -in) . A red coloring-prin- 
 ciple of a fresh-water alga, the Palmella 
 cruenta, resembling hemoglobin. 
 
 Palmiacol (pal-mi' -ak-ol), C 2 3H 40 O 2 . A pro- 
 prietary remedy for tuberculosis, asthma, etc., 
 said to be a derivative of guaiacol. Dose 
 3 min. (0.18 Cc.) 3 or 4 times daily. 
 
 Palmic (pal'-mik) [palm]. 1. Referring to the 
 palm; palmitic. 2. [naXnoc, throb.] Pertain- 
 ing to the pulse or palpitation. 
 
 Palmitate (pal'-mit-dt) [palm]. A salt of pal- 
 mitic acid. 
 
 Palmitic (pal-mit'-ik). 1. Relating to or de- 
 rived from palm-oil. 2. Relating to palmitin. 
 P. Acid. See Acid, Palmitic. 
 
 Palmitin (pal' -mit-in) [palm], C 3 H 5 (C 16 H 31 2 ) 3 . 
 Glyceryl tripalmitate, a solid, crystallizable 
 
PALMITONE 
 
 723 
 
 PANCREATIC 
 
 substance which, with stearin, constitutes the 
 greater proportion of solid fats. 
 
 Palmitone (pal'-mit-on). A ketone of pal- 
 mitic acid resulting when it is distilled with 
 slaked lime. 
 
 Palmus (pal'-mus) [7taXjj.6c, a twitch]. A form 
 of convulsive tic. Syn., Jumpers' disease; 
 Lata; Miryachit. 
 
 Palpate (pal' -pat) [palpare, to feel], i. To 
 examine by touch. 2. Furnished with tac- 
 tile organs. 
 
 Palpation (pal-pa' -shun) [palpate]. In phy- 
 sical diagnosis, the laying of the hand on 
 a part of the body or the manipulation of a 
 part with the hand for the purpose of ascer- 
 taining its condition or that of underlying 
 organs. P., Bimanual, the use of the two 
 hands in examining an organ. P., Mediate, 
 a method of physical examination performed 
 by placing the phonendoscope on the chest 
 after removing the tubes and resting the 
 palmar surface of the hand upon the instru- 
 ment, thus intensifying the vibrations. 
 
 Palpatometer (pal-pat-om' -et-er) [palpare, to 
 feel; jxkxpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
 measuring arterial tension. 
 
 Palpatopercussion (pal-pat- -per - hush' -un). 
 Combined palpation and percussion. 
 
 Palpebra (pal' -pe-brah) [ L. ]. The eyelid. 
 
 Palpebral (pal'-pe-bral) [palpebra]. Pertaining 
 to the eyelid. P. Conjunctiva, the con- 
 junctiva of the eyelid. P. Fissure, the open- 
 ing between the upper and lower eyelids. 
 
 Palpebralis (pal-pe-bra'-lis). An old term for 
 the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 
 
 Palpebrate (pal' -pe-brat) [palpebra]. 1. Fur- 
 nished with eyelids. 2. To wink. 
 
 Palpebration (pal - pe - bra' - shun) [palpebra]. 
 The act of winking; nictitation. 
 
 Palpebrin (pal'-peb-rin). A proprietary remedy 
 used externally in eye diseases; it is said to 
 consist of boric acid, mercury bichlorid, zinc 
 sulfate, and glycerol. 
 
 Palpebrofrontal (pal-pe-bro-front'-al). Relat- 
 ing to the eyelid and the brow. 
 
 Palpitation (pal- pit-a' -shun) [palpitare, to 
 quiver]. A fluttering or throbbing, especially 
 of the heart, of which the person is con- 
 scious. 
 
 Palsy (pawl'-ze) [from paralysis]. Paralvsis. P., 
 Bell's. See Bell's Palsy. P., Birth-. See 
 Birth-palsy. P., Bulbar. See Bulbar 
 Paralysis. P., Crutch-. See Crutch Par- 
 alysis. P., Erb's. See Erb's Palsy. 
 P., Hammer-, that due to excessive use of 
 the hammer. P., Local, progressive mus- 
 cular atrophy. P., Painter's, lead paralysis. 
 P., Shaking. Synonym of Paralysis agitans. 
 P., Wasting, progressive muscular atrophy. 
 
 Paludal (pal'-u-dal) [pahcs, a marsh]. Pertain- 
 ing to or originating in marshes; malarial. 
 
 Paludein (pal-u' -de-in) [Paludina, a genus of 
 fresh-water snails]. The mucus of the snail 
 Paludina vivipara, which has been used to 
 make a pectoral syrup. 
 
 Paludism (pal'-u-dizm) [palus, a marsh]. Ma- 
 larial poisoning. 
 
 Palustral (pal-us'-tral) [see Paludism]. Per- 
 taining to, or having the nature of, marsh- 
 fever; paludal. 
 
 Pampiniform (pam-pin' -i-form) [pampinus, 
 tendril; forma, form]. Having the form of 
 a tendril. P. Plexus. See Plexus, Pam- 
 piniform. 
 
 Pampinocele (pam-pin' -o-sel) [pampinus, ten- 
 dril; ktjXtj, hernia]. A varicocele of the veins 
 of the pampiniform plexus. 
 
 Pan- [ndc, all]. A prefix signifying all, every, 
 the whole of anything. 
 
 Panacea (pan-a-se'-ah) [izavanEca, all-healing, 
 "from nag, all; anoc;, a cure]. A remedy curing 
 all diseases; a cure-all. 
 
 Panada (pan-a'-dah) [Sp. from panis, bread]. 
 Bread soaked in water; also a bread poultice. 
 
 Panama Bark. Quillaja bark. P. Fever. 
 1. A pernicious form of malarial fever oc- 
 curring on the isthmus of Panama. 2. Yel- 
 low fever. P. Paralysis, beriberi. 
 
 Panaris (pan-a' -ris) . See Paronychia. 
 
 Panaritium (pan - ar - ish' e -urn). See 
 Paronychia. 
 
 Panarthritis (pan-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation 
 of all the structures of a joint. 
 
 Panas' Solution. A mild antiseptic collyrium, 
 consisting of mercuric iodid, 1 part; absolute 
 alcohol, 400 parts; distilled water, sufficient 
 to make 20,000 parts. 
 
 Panax (pa'-naks) [nava^ , all-healing]. A genus 
 of araliaceous plants. Ginseng was formerly 
 classed as Panax. See Aralia, also Ginseng. 
 
 Panblastic (pan-bias' -tik) [pan-; ftXaoroc, a 
 germ]. Connected with all the layers of the 
 blastoderm. 
 
 Pancarditis (pan-kar-di'-tis). General in- 
 flammation of the heart. 
 
 Panchrestous (pan-kres'-tus) [pan-; %pT)or6c, 
 useful]. Useful for everything; relating to 
 a panacea. 
 
 Pancolpohysterectomy (pan-kol-po-his-ter-ek' - 
 to-me). See Panhysterokolpectomy. 
 
 Pancreaden (pan-kre' -ad-en). The direct 
 extract of pancreas attenuated with calcium 
 carbonate; used in pancreatic diabetes. Dose 
 4-6 dr. (15-23 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Pancreas (pan'-kre-as) [pan-; upeac, flesh] A 
 compound racemose gland, from six to eight 
 inches in length, lying transversely across the 
 posterior wall of the abdomen ; the sweetbread 
 of animals; the abdominal salivary gland of 
 the Germans. Its right extremity, the head, 
 lies in contact with the duodenum; its left 
 extremity, the tail, is in close proximity to 
 the spleen. It secretes a limpid, colorless 
 fluid that digests proteids, fats, and carbo- 
 hydrates. The secretion is conveyed to the 
 duodenum by the pancreatic duct, or duct 
 of Wirsung. P. glomeruli, the islands of 
 Langerhans. P., Lesser, a small, partially 
 detached portion of the gland, lying posteriorly 
 to its head, and having occasionally a separate 
 duct that opens into the pancreatic duct 
 proper. 
 
 Pancreatic (pan-kre-at'-ik) [pancreas]. Per- 
 taining to the pancreas, as the pancreatic 
 
PANCREATICODUODENAL 
 
 '24 
 
 PANSPHYGMOGRAPH 
 
 duct; depending upon disease of the pancreas, 
 as pancreatic diabetes. P. Duct, the duct of 
 Wirsung. P. Fluid, P. Juice, the secretion 
 of the pancreas, a thick, transparent, colorless, 
 odorless fluid, of a salty taste, and strongly 
 alkaline. 
 Pancreaticoduodenal {pan-kre-at-ik-o-du-od' - 
 en-al) [pancreas; duodenum]. Pertaining to 
 the pancreas and the duodenum, as the pan- 
 creaticoduodenal arteries. 
 Pancreatin {pan-kre' -at-in) [pancreas]. The 
 active elements of the juice of the pancreas; 
 also the commercial extract of the pancreas, 
 supposed to possess a fermentative action 
 similar to that of the pancreatic juice. 
 Pancreatitis {pan-kre-at-i' -tis) [pancreas; ncc, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the pancreas. 
 It may be hemorrhagic, suppurative, or gan- 
 grenous. The onset of pancreatitis is usually 
 sudden, with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, 
 tympanites, and tenderness of the abdo- 
 men. It is generally fatal. 
 Pancreato lipase {pan-kre-at-o-lip'-az). Lipase 
 
 found in the pancreatic juice. 
 Pancreatolith {pan-kre-af -o-lith) [pancreas; 
 'X'cdog, a stone]. A calculus of the pancreas. 
 Pancreatotomy {pan-kre-at-of -o-me) [pancreas; 
 
 rop.Tj, a cutting]. Incision of the pancreas. 
 Pancreon, Pankreon {pan'-kre-on). A prepara- 
 tion obtained by the action of tannic acid 
 on pancreatin. It is a grayish, odorless pow- 
 der having a strong tryptolytic power. Dose 
 l\ g 1 "- (°-5 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 Pandemic {pan-dem'-ik) [pan-; dfjfxoc, people]. 
 
 Epidemic over a wide area. 
 Pander's Islands. The reddish-yellow patches 
 in Pander's layer which consist of corpuscles 
 containing hemoglobin. P.'s Layer, the 
 splanchnopleural layer of the mesoblast in 
 which the blood-vessels are first formed. 
 Pandiculation {pan-dik-u-la' -shun) [pandicu- 
 lari, from pandere, to stretch out]. The act 
 of stretching the limbs, especially on waking 
 from sleep. 
 Panelectroscope {pan-e-lek'-tro-skop). An in- 
 spection apparatus for use in proctoscopy, 
 esophagoscopy, urethroscopy, etc. It throws 
 concentrated light through the whole tube, 
 thus illuminating the spot that is to be in- 
 spected. 
 Pang, Brow-. Hemicrania. 
 Pangaduine {pan-gad' -u-in). A crystalline 
 solid said to contain the basic principles of 
 cod-liver oil; indicated in all affections due 
 to faulty elimination. 
 Pangenesis {pan-jen' -es-is) [pan-; yheoic, 
 origin]. Darwin's theory of heredity, which 
 supposes the existence of gemmules or minute 
 particles separated from the body-cells and 
 segregated from the circulation by the repro- 
 ductive glands. These preformed constitu- 
 ents of all parts of the fully formed animal 
 or plant become aggregated in the germ, and 
 give rise by a process of evolution to the new 
 organism. 
 Panglossia {pan-glos' -e-ah) [naffXioaoca, wordi- 
 ness]. Excessive or insane garrulity. 
 
 Panhidrosis {pan-hi-dro' -sis) . See Pani- 
 drosis. 
 
 Panhydrometer {pan-hi-drom'-et-er). An in- 
 strument for determining the specific gravity 
 of any liquid. 
 
 Panhygrous {pan-hi'-grus) [pan-; uypbg, moist]. 
 Damp as to the entire surface. 
 
 Panhyperemia {pan-hi-per-e'-me-ah). Ple- 
 thora. 
 
 Panhysterectomy {pan-his-ter-ek' -to-me) . To- 
 tal extirpation of the uterus. 
 
 Panhysterokolpectomy {pan-his-ter-o-kol-pek' '- 
 to-me) [pan-; uozepa, womb; koXtioc, vagina; 
 eKxo/XT) y excision]. Complete removal of the 
 uterus and vagina. 
 
 Panicula {pan-ik' -u-lah) [L.]. A swelling or 
 tumor. 
 
 Panidrosis {pan-id-ro' -sis) [pan-; cdpibg, sweat]. 
 General perspiration. 
 
 Panis (pan'-is) [L.]. Bread. 
 
 Panizza's Plexuses. Two lymphatic plex- 
 uses lying in the lateral fossa of the preputial 
 frenum; they are formed by the deeper lym- 
 phatic vessels of the integument of the glans 
 penis. 
 
 Panmnesia {pan-ne' -se-ah) [pan-; fivTJotc, re- 
 membrance]. A potential remembrance of all 
 impressions. 
 
 Panneuritis {pan-nu-ri'-tis). Multiple neu- 
 ritis. P. epidemica, beriberi. 
 
 Panniculus {pan-ik' -u-lus) [dim. of pannus]. 
 A membrane or layer. P. adiposus, the 
 layer of subcutaneous fat. P. carnosus, 
 the layer of muscles contained in the super- 
 ficial fascia. It is well developed in the 
 lower animals, but in man is represented 
 mainly by the platysma. 
 
 Pannosity {pan-os'-it-e) [pannus]. Softness of 
 the skin. 
 
 Pannus {pan' -us) [L., "a cloth"]. Vasculari- 
 zation of the cornea, usually due to the irri- 
 tation of trachoma granulations. 
 
 Panodic {pan-od' -ik) . See Panthodic. 
 
 Panopeptone {pan-o-pep' -ton) . A dietetic said 
 to consist of bread and beef, cooked, pep- 
 tonized, sterilized, concentrated, and pre- 
 served in sherry. 
 
 Panophobia {pan-o-fo' -be-ah) [pan-; <po(3oc, 
 fear]. Morbid fear of everything; a symptom 
 present in some cases of neurasthenia. 
 
 Panophthalmia, Panophthalmitis {pan-of- 
 thal'-me-ah, pan-of-thal-mi'-tis). Inflam- 
 mation of all the tissues of the eyeball. 
 P. purulenta, a severe form with great pro- 
 trusion of the eyeball and formation of pus, 
 usually resulting in blindness. 
 
 Panosteitis {pan-os-te-i'-tis). An inflamma- 
 tion of all the structures of a bone. 
 
 Panotitis {pan-o-ti' -tis) . An inflammation in- 
 volving all the structures of the ear. 
 
 Pansinusitis {pan-si-nus-i' -tis) . Inflammation 
 of all the sinuses of a part or region. 
 
 Panspermatism {pans per' -mat-izm). The 
 theory that germs are omnipresent. 
 
 Pansphygmograph {pan-sfig'-mo-graf). An 
 instrument by means of which tracings can 
 be taken simultaneously of the cardiac move- 
 
PANTACHROMATIC 
 
 725 
 
 PAPYRACEOUS 
 
 merits, the arterial pulse, and the respir- 
 ation. 
 
 Pantachromatic (pan-tah-kro-maf '-ik) [pant- 
 achromatic]. Colorless throughout. 
 
 Pantatrophia (pan-tat-ro'-fe-ah) [pan-; atrophy]. 
 General atrophy. 
 
 Panthodic (pan-thod'-ik) [pan-; odoc, way]. 
 Of nervous impulses, radiating to all parts 
 of the body. 
 
 Pantophobia (pan-to-) [ o'-be-ah). See Pano- 
 phobia. 
 
 Pantoscopic (pan-to-skop'-ik). See Bifocal. 
 
 Panus (pa' -mis) [L., "a swelling"]. An in- 
 flamed, nonsuppurating lymphatic gland. 
 P„ faucium, an inflamed gland in the throat. 
 Po inguinalis, a bubo. 
 
 Papain (pa'-pa-in). See under Papaya. 
 
 Papaver (pa-pa' -ver). The poppy. See Opium. 
 
 Papaverin (pa-pa' -ver -in) [papaver], C 21 H 21 N0 4 . 
 A crystalline alkaloid found in opium and 
 thought to possess narcotic properties. Dose 
 \ gr. (0.016 Gm.). 
 
 Papaw (pa' -paw) [a name of Malabar origin]. 
 1. The seed of Asimina triloba; it is a prompt 
 emetic. Dose of the fluidextract 10-30 min. 
 (0.6-1.9 Cc). 2. See Papaya. 
 
 Papaya (pa-pa' -yah). Melon-tree; papaw — 
 the Carica papaya, a tree of the order Passi- 
 fioracece. The unripe fruit yields a milky 
 juice containing an albuminous substance, 
 papain or papayotin, capable of digesting 
 fibrin and other proteid bodies. Papain in 
 commerce occurs as a grayish powder, and 
 has been used as a digestant in dyspepsia, as 
 an application to false membranes, warts, epi- 
 theliomas, etc. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 
 Gm.). ^ 
 
 Papayotin (pa- pa '-yo -tin). See under Papaya. 
 
 Paper (pa' -per) [papyrus]. See Charta. P., 
 Helianthin, P., Methyl- orange, P., Trop- 
 aeolin D, paper charged with methyl-orange 
 and used in testing for acids and alkalis. P., 
 Indigo-carmin. See under Indigo. 
 
 Papilla (pap-il'-ah) [L., "a nipple"]. 1. A 
 small, nipple-like eminence. 2. Synonym 
 of Optic disc. P., Circum vallate, one of 
 the large papillas at the root of the tongue, 
 arranged like the letter V opening forward. 
 P., Clavate. Synonym of P., Fungiform. 
 P., Conic. See P., Filiform. P., Dental. 
 See Organ, Enamel-. P., Duodenal, the 
 elevation at the point where the common 
 bile-duct enters the duodenum. P., Fili- 
 form, any one of the papillas occurr- 
 ing on all parts of the tongue, consisting 
 of an elevation of connective tissue covered 
 by a layer of epithelium. P., Fungi- 
 form, any one of the low, broad papillas 
 found on the surface of the tongue, consisting 
 of a connective-tissue elevation, covered by 
 secondary papillas. P.s, Gustatory, those 
 papillas of the tongue which are furnished 
 with taste-buds. Syn., Papillce gustus. P., 
 Lacrimal, a small conic eminence on the 
 eyelid at the inner canthus, pierced by the 
 lacrimal punctum. P.s, Nerve-. See under 
 Nerve. P., Renal, the summit of any one 
 
 Upper Surface of the Tongue, 
 with the Fauces and Ton- 
 sils. — (Holden.) 
 
 i, 1. Circumvallate papillas. 2,2. 
 Fungiform papillas. 
 
 of the renal pyramids projecting into the 
 renal pelvis. P.s, Vascular, papillas of the 
 skin containing 
 capillary loops. 
 
 Papillary (pap'-il- 
 a-re) [papilla]. 
 Composed of or 
 containing pa- 
 pillas; resemb- 
 ling a papilla. 
 
 Papillectomy 
 (pap -il-ek' -to- 
 me) [papilla; ek- 
 ro/j.rj, excision]. 
 Surgical removal 
 of papillas. 
 
 Papillif erous 
 (pap-il-if'-er -us) 
 [papilla; ferre, to 
 bear]. Bearing 
 o r containing 
 papillas, as a 
 papillif erous 
 cyst. 
 
 Papilliform (pap- 
 il'-if-orm) [pap- 
 illa; forma, 
 form]. Shaped 
 like a papilla. 
 
 Papillitis (pap-il- 
 i'-tis) [papilla; 
 
 exec, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 optic disc. Syn., Choked disc; Optic neuritis. 
 
 Papilloadenocystoma (pap-il-o-ad-en-o-sist-o' - 
 mah). Papilloma combined with adenoma 
 and cystoma. 
 
 Papilloma (pap-il-o'-mah) [papilla; bfia, tumor]. 
 A growth on the skin or mucous membrane 
 resembling hypertrophied papillas. It is a 
 benign tumor, occurring in two forms, the 
 hard papilloma, one growing from squamous 
 epithelium, and the soft papilloma, one de- 
 veloped from columnar epithelium. P. 
 diffusum, multiple papillomas occurring on 
 the legs and buttock. P. neuroticum, a 
 painless, mostly congenital affection charac- 
 terized by warty or papillomatous growths 
 occurring on one side of the body along the 
 course of a nerve. 
 
 Papine (pap-en'). A proprietary anodyne said 
 to contain the pain-relieving principle of 
 opium. 
 
 Papoid (pap'-oid). A proprietary preparation 
 resembling papain. 
 
 Paprica, Paprika (pap-re' -kah). The dried 
 and pulverized capsules of Capsicum annuum. 
 Syn., Spanish pepper; Turkish pepper. 
 
 Papulation (pap-u-la' -shun) [papula, a pimple]. 
 The stage, in certain eruptive diseases, marked 
 by the formation of papules. 
 
 Papule (pap' -id) [papula, a pimple]. A small, 
 circumscribed, solid elevation of the skin. 
 P., Moist, the syphilitic condyloma. 
 
 Papulosquamous (pap - u - lo - skwa' - mus). 
 Characterized by both papules and scales. 
 
 Papyraceous (pap-ir-a' -se-us) [papyrus, paper]. 
 Resembling paper. 
 
PAQUELIN CAUTERY 
 
 726 
 
 PARACYSTITIS 
 
 Paquelin Cautery {pah f -kel-an) . See Cautery, 
 
 Paquelin's. 
 Par [L.]. A pair. P. vagum, the vagus 
 
 nerves. 
 Para- (par-ah-) [napa, beyond; beside], i. A 
 prefix signifying beyond, beside, near, the 
 opposite of, etc. 2. In chemistry, prefixed 
 to a derivative of the benzol ring, it indicates 
 the substitution of two atoms of hydrogen 
 situated opposite each other. 
 Paraacetophenolethyl Carbonate (par-ah-as- 
 et-o-fe-nol-eth'-il kar' -bon-at) . A crystalline 
 powder without color or taste, used as an 
 analgesic and hypnotic. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 
 Gm.). 
 Paraamidoacetanilid (par - ah -am -id- o-as-et- 
 
 an'-il-id). See Paraphenylendiamin. 
 Paraanalgesia (par -ah-an-al-je' -ze-ah) {para-; 
 analgesia']. Analgesia limited to the lower 
 half of the body. 
 Paraanesthesia (par -ah-an-es-the' -ze-ah). An- 
 esthesia of the body below the waist. 
 Paraappendicitis (par-ah -ap -en- dis - i'-tis). 
 Suppurative inflammation of the connective 
 tissue adjacent to that part of the appendix 
 not covered with the peritoneum. 
 Parabanic Acid (par-ah-ba'-nik). See Oxalyl- 
 
 urea. 
 Parablast (par' -ah-blast) [para-; fiXaorof, a 
 germ]. One of the two main divisions of 
 the embryonal tissues, from which the blood- 
 vessels, lymphatic vessels, and other connec- 
 tive tissues are developed. 
 Parablastic (par-ah-blas' -tik) [parablast]. Per- 
 taining to the parablast. 
 Parablastoma (par -ah-blas-to' -malt) [parablast; 
 ofia, tumor]. A tumor composed of para- 
 blastic tissue. 
 Parablepsis (par-ah-blep'-sis) [para-; ftXi(pcc, 
 
 vision]. False or perverted vision. 
 Parabulia (par-ab-u'-le-ah) [para-; ftouXrj, will]. 
 
 Abnormity of volitional action. 
 Paracele (par'-as-el) [para-; nocX'ca, a hollow]. 
 
 A lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 Paracentesis (par-ah-sen-te' -sis) [para-; ksv- 
 ttjoic, puncture]. Puncture; especially punc- 
 ture of the wall of a cavity of the body, 
 such as the thoracic wall, cornea, tympanic 
 membrane. 
 Paracentral (par-ah-sen'-traT) [para-; nkvxpov, 
 a center]. Situated near the center. P. 
 Lobule, a convolution on the mesial sur- 
 face of the cerebral hemisphere uniting the 
 upper ends of the ascending frontal and 
 ascending parietal convolutions. 
 Paracephalus (par-ah-sef '-al-us) [para-; ks- 
 (f>aXr), head]. A monster characterized by a 
 rudimentary, misshapen head and defective 
 trunk and limbs. 
 Parachlorphenol (par-ah-klor-fe'-noT), C 6 H 4 - 
 (Cl)OH. A substitution-product of phenol. 
 It is antiseptic, disinfectant, and is employed 
 in a 2 to 3 % ointment in erysipelas. P. 
 Paste, a paste of equal parts of lanolin, 
 vaselin, starch, and parachlorphenol; it is used 
 in lupus. 
 Parachlorsalol (par-ah-Udr-sa'-lol). Para- 
 
 chlorphenol salicylate; used as an internal 
 and external antiseptic like phenyl salicylate. 
 Dose 60-90 gr. (4-6 Gm.) daily. 
 Paracholia (par-ak-o'-le-ah) [para-; xoXy, bile]. 
 
 1. Any abnormity in the secretion of bile. 
 
 2. The prodrome of disturbed liver-cell ac- 
 tivity in consequence of which the bile pours 
 over the blood-vessels and lymph-vessels. 
 
 Parachrea (par-ak-re'-ah) [para-; xP oa *, color]. 
 Morbid discoloration or change of complex- 
 ion. 
 Parachroma (par-ak-ro'-mah) [para-; xp^pa, 
 color]. Change in color, especially in the 
 natural color of the skin. 
 Parachromatin (par-ak-ro' -mat-in) [para-; 
 chromatin]. That part of the nucleoplasm 
 which forms the spindle-threads during 
 karyokinesis. 
 Parachromophoric , Parachromophorous 
 (par-ah-kro-mof'-or-ik, -us) [para-; XP<l>p.a, 
 color; (fropoc, bearing]. Possessing _ color 
 which remains within the cell as a passive 
 metabolic product, as in some bacteria. 
 Parachymosin (par-ah-ki' -mo-sin) [para-; x"~ 
 p.6c, juice]. The chymosin or rennin found 
 in the human stomach and in that of the 
 Pig- . 
 Paracinesis (par-as-in-e'-sis) [para-; Kcvqacc, 
 motion]. Morbid movement of the volun- 
 tary muscles, arising from disease of the 
 motor nerves or centers. 
 Paracolon Bacillus (par-ah-W -Ion) . See 
 
 under Bacteria. 
 Paracolpitis (par-ah-kol-pi'-tis) [para-; iwXnoc, 
 vagina; tree, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the connective tissue about the vagina. 
 Paracolpium (par-ah-koV -pe-um) [para-; koX- 
 ttoc, vagina]: The connective tissue lying 
 around the vagina. 
 Paracoto (par-ah-W -to) [para-; Sp., coto, a 
 cubit]. A South American tree the bark 
 of which contains a neutral substance, para- 
 cotoin, closely resembling cotoin. 
 Paracotoin (par-ah-ko'-to-in). See under Para- 
 coto. 
 Paracousia, Paracusis (par-ah-koo f -se-ah, par- 
 ah-koo'-sis) [para-; anouetv, to hear]. Per- 
 version of the sense of hearing. 
 Paracresol (par-ah-kre'-sol), C 7 H g O. A com- 
 pound of cresolsulfonate and potassium hy- 
 dro xid used as a disinfectant. 
 Paracresotate (par-ah-kres f -o-tat), C 6 H 3 (OH)- 
 (CH 3 )C0 2 Na. A crystalline powder ob- 
 tained by heating sodium cresylate with car- 
 bonic acid; used in acute articular rheu- 
 matism. Dose 45-90 gr. (3-6 Gm.) daily. 
 Paracresylol (par-ah-kres'-il-ol) [para-; cresof]. 
 
 A derivative of cresol. 
 Paracrises (par-ak'-ris-ez) [para-; npfaecv, to 
 secrete]. Disorders of the secretory func- 
 tion. 
 Paracyclesis (par-ah-si-kle' -sis) [para-; kukXt)- 
 gcc, a revolution]. A disturbance of the cir- 
 culation. 
 Paracystitis (par-ah-sis-ti'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the connective tissue surrounding the 
 bladder. 
 
PARACYSTIUM 
 
 727 
 
 PARALYSIS 
 
 Paracystium (par-ah-sis' -te-um) [para-; k'jotic, 
 a bladder]. The connective tissue which 
 surrounds the bladder. 
 
 Paradidymis (par-ah-did'-im-is) [para-; dcou- 
 uoc, testicle]. The organ of Giraldes, the 
 atrophic remains of the tubules of the wolffian 
 body, lying among the convolutions of the epi- 
 didymis. 
 
 Paradoxic Contraction. A slow tonic con- 
 traction occurring in a muscle when suddenly 
 relaxed or when its length is suddenly short- 
 ened. P. Pulse. See Pulse, Paradoxic. 
 
 Paresthesia (par-es-the' -ze-ah) . See Pares- 
 thesia. 
 
 Paraffin, Paramnum (par'-af-in, par-af- 
 i'-num) [parum, little; affinis, affinity], i. 
 Any saturated hydrocarbon of the marsh- 
 gas series, having the formula C n H 2n + 2 . 
 2. A white, odorless, translucent hydro- 
 carbon (paraffinum, U. S. P.), ob- 
 tained from coal-tar or by the destructive 
 distillation of wood. Paramnum durum 
 (B. P.), hard or solid paraffin, a mixture of 
 several of the harder members of the paraffin 
 series of hydrocarbons. It is usually ob- 
 tained by distillation from shale. P., Liquid, 
 a liquid hydrocarbon of the paraffin series. 
 Paramnum molle, soft paraffin; the petro- 
 latum of the U. S. P. See Petrolatum. 
 
 Paraformaldehyd {par -ah-} or -mal' -de -hid). See 
 Formaldehyd, Para-. 
 
 Paragammacismus (par-ah-gam-ah-siz' '-mus) 
 [para-; -faiijia, the Greek letter g]. Inability to 
 pronounce the hard " g," and also " k," other 
 consonants being substituted, as "d"or "t." 
 
 Paraganglin (par-ah-gan'-glin). A proprie- 
 tary extract of the myelinic part of the 
 suprarenal gland of the ox. 
 
 Parageusia (par-ah-gu' -se-ah) [para-; ysuocc, 
 taste]. Perversion of the sense of taste. 
 
 Paraglobulin (par-ah-glob'-u-lin) [para-; glob- 
 ulus, a little ball]. A globulin found in 
 blood-serum and other fluids of the body. 
 Syn., Fibrinoplastin; Fibroplastin; Serum- 
 globulin. 
 
 Paraglobulinuria (par-ah-glob-u-lin-u'-re-ah) 
 [paraglobulin; oupov, urine]. The presence of 
 paraglobulin in the urine. 
 
 Paraglossa (par-ah-glos'-ah) [para-; yXcoooa, 
 the tongue]. Swelling of the tongue; also, a 
 hypertrophy of the tongue, usually congenital. 
 
 Paragonimiasis (par-ah-go-ni-mi' -a-sis) . See 
 Hemoptysis, Parasitic. 
 
 Paragraphia (par-ah-gra f -fe-ah) [para-; 
 ypa<j>£cv, to write]. A form of aphasia in which 
 the person writes the improper word or mis- 
 places the words. 
 
 Paraguay Tea (par f -ah-gwi) . See Mate. 
 
 Parahemoglobin (par-ah-hem-o-glo'-bin). i. 
 Nencki's name for a polymeric modification 
 of oxyhemoglobin. 2. A proprietary pre- 
 paration of blood containing 5 % of iron. 
 
 Parainfectious (par-ah-in-fek'-shus). Per- 
 taining to or characteristic of pathologic states 
 attributable to infection, which occur as 
 accessory or by-conditions to some already 
 existing disease. 
 
 Paralactic Acid (par-ah-lak'-tik). See Acid, 
 Sarcolactic. 
 
 Paralalia (par-ah-la' -le-ah) [para-; XaXch, 
 speech]. Disturbance of the faculty of speech. 
 
 Paralbumin (par-al-bu' -min) [para-; albumin]. 
 A proteid substance found in ovarian cysts. 
 
 Paraldehyd (par-aV -de-hid) [para-; aldehyd], 
 C 6 H 12 3 . A polymeric form of aldehyd, oc- 
 curring as a colorless liquid of repulsive odor 
 and unpleasant taste, with powerful hypnotic 
 properties. It is used in delirium tremens, 
 mania, tetanus, and other nervous affections. 
 Dose 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Paralexia (par-ah-leks' '-e-ah) [para-; X££cf, 
 speech]. Disturbance of the power of read- 
 ing, consisting in the transposition or sub- 
 stitution of words or syllables. 
 
 Paralgesia (par -al-je' '-ze-ah) [para-; alyoc, pain]. 
 An abnormal painful sensation; painful 
 paresthesia. 
 
 Parallax (par r -al-aks) [para-; aXXoc, other]. 
 The apparent displacement of an object due 
 to a change in the position of the observer, or 
 by looking at it alternately with one eye and 
 then with the other. P., Crossed, P., 
 Heteronymous, that in which the object 
 moves away from the uncovered eye. P., 
 Homonymous, that in which the object 
 moves toward the uncovered eye. P. Test, 
 for locating opacities in the cornea, lens, and 
 vitreous. It is used with the plane mirror at 
 ten to twelve inches. A body situated anterior 
 to the plane of the pupil will move in the direc- 
 tion taken by the eye, while one posterior to 
 the plane of the lens will move against the 
 direction taken by the eye. Bodies lying 
 about the same plane as the pupil will show 
 little if any movement. P., Vertical, that in 
 which the object moves upward or downward. 
 
 Paralogia (par-ah-lo' -je-ah) [para-; Xoyoc, 
 reason]. Difficulty in thinking logically. 
 P., Thematic, a condition in which the 
 thought is unduly concentrated on one sub- 
 ject. _ m 
 
 Paralysin (par-al' -is-in) . See Agglutinin. 
 
 Paralysis (par-al' -is-is) [para-; Xbecv, to loosen]. 
 A loss of motion or of sensation in a part. P., 
 Acute Amyotrophic Spinal. Same as P., 
 Infantile. P., Acute Ascending. See Landry's 
 Disease. P., Acute Atrophic. See P., 
 Infantile. P., Acute Progressive. See 
 Landry's Disease. P. agitans, an affec- 
 tion marked by tremor or alternate con- 
 traction and relaxation of the muscles of the 
 part involved. It usually begins in one hand 
 and seldom affects the head. The move- 
 ments persist during rest and are little 
 influenced by voluntary motion. Late in the 
 disease there is a typical gait (festination), 
 which consists in progressive increase of the 
 gait until the patient breaks into a run which 
 grows faster and faster until he falls or seizes 
 some support. The disease is most common 
 in males over forty and may last thirty or 
 forty years. Syn., Parkinson's disease; 
 Shaking palsy. P., Amyotrophic, that 
 occurring as the sequel of some acute disease, 
 
PARALYSIS 
 
 728 
 
 PARALYSIS 
 
 and attended by atrophy of certain muscles. 
 P., Angio-. See Angio paralysis. P., As- 
 thenic Bulbar. See Myasthenia gravis 
 pseudoparalytica. P., Atrophic Bulbar. 
 Same as P., Bulbar. P., Atrophic Muscu- 
 lar. See P., Amyotrophic. P. Atrophic 
 Spinal, See P. Infantile. P., Atropho- 
 spastic. See Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. 
 P., Bell's. See P., Facial. P., Bifacial, 
 paralysis of both sides of the face. P., 
 Birth-. See Paraplegia, Infantile Spas- 
 modic. P., Brown-Sequard's, a motor 
 paralysis of one side of the body with sensory 
 paralysis of the other side. P., Bulbar. 
 See Bulbar Disease. P., Central, a 
 paralysis due to a lesion of the brain or spinal 
 cord. P., Cerebral, a paralysis due to a 
 brain-lesion. P., Crossed, a paralysis of the 
 arm and leg of one side, associated with either 
 a facial paralysis or a paralysis of the oculo- 
 
 Eoctry 
 
 Face 
 
 -pyjc. 
 
 •Erfremzfy 
 
 Crossed Paralysis. — (Tyson, after Hirt.) 
 O. Medulla oblongata. pyx. Decussation of anterior 
 pyramids. E. Nerve-fiber going to extremities. F. 
 Nerve-fiber to face. 
 
 motor nerve of the opposite side. P., Crutch. 
 See Crutch Paralysis. P., Cruveilhier's, 
 progressive muscular atrophy. P., Diph- 
 theric, a motor paralysis due to the action 
 of the diphtheria poison on the nervous sys- 
 tem, chiefly on the peripheral nerves. P., 
 Duchenne's. See Duchenne's Paralysis. 
 P., Erb's, a partial paralysis of the 
 brachial plexus, involving the nerves sup- 
 plying the deltoid, biceps, brachialis 
 anticus, and supinator longus, often the 
 supinator brevis, and occasionally the in- 
 fraspinatus and subscapularis muscles. P., 
 Facial, a paralysis of the muscles of the face, 
 usually of one side only, due to central dis- 
 ease or due to a lesion of the facial nerve. 
 P., General, of the Insane, an or- 
 ganic disease of the brain characterized by 
 progressive loss of power and by a deteriora- 
 
 tion of the mental faculties, ending eventu- 
 ally in dementia and death. The main 
 symptoms may be divided into psychic, 
 motor, and sensory. The psychic symptoms 
 are principally a change of character and 
 delusions of grandeur; the motor are weak- 
 ness, tremor, disturbance of speech, apoplec- 
 tiform or epileptiform seizures, and finally 
 motor paralysis; there is often inequality of 
 the pupils, with miosis or mydriasis; sensory 
 symptoms are slight and consist chiefly in 
 paresthesias. The causes are obscure — 
 syphilis and severe nervous strain are impor- 
 tant factors. Syn., General paresis; Para- 
 lytic dementia; Paretic dementia; Progressive 
 paralysis of the insane. P. , Glossolabiolaryn- 
 geal, bulbar paralysis. P., Histrionic, a name 
 for Bell's facial palsy, because it destroys the 
 power of facial expression. P., Infantile, 
 a disease peculiar to childhood, and character- 
 ized by sudden paralysis of one or more limbs 
 or of individual muscle-groups, and followed 
 by rapid wasting of the affected parts, with 
 reaction of degeneration and deformity. The 
 paralysis is due to changes in the anterior 
 cornua of the gray matter of the spinal cord, 
 and is probably the result of infection. 
 Syn., Acute anterior poliomyelitis; Acute 
 atrophic paralysis; Atrophic spinal paralysis; 
 Essential paralysis. P., Ischemic, paralysis 
 of a part due to stoppage of the circulation, 
 e. g., paralysis of the lower limb following 
 embolism or thrombosis of the femoral artery. 
 P., Klumpke's, a paralysis involving the 
 lower portion of the brachial plexus, the eighth 
 cervical and first dorsal nerves, and charac- 
 terized by paralysis of the small muscles of the 
 hand, of some of the muscles of the forearm, 
 with anesthesia in the distribution of the ulnar 
 and median nerves. Pupillary changes may 
 be present. P., Landry's. See Landry's 
 Disease. P., Lead-, a paralysis due to lead, 
 usually of the extensors of the wrist, causing 
 wrist-drop. It is nearly always bilateral, and 
 is caused by a peripheral neuritis induced 
 by the lead-poisoning. P., Little's, infantile 
 spasmodic paraplegia. P., Motor, paralysis 
 of the voluntary muscles. P., Musculospiral, 
 paralysis of the extensors and supinators of 
 the wrist, due to an injury or to inflammation 
 of the musculospiral nerve. P., Myosclerotic. 
 See P., Pseudohypertrophic Muscular. P., 
 Narcosis, pressure paralysis in the region of 
 the brachial plexus due to prolonged narcosis, 
 during which the arm is elevated with the 
 head resting upon it or it is pressed against 
 the edge of the table. P., Nuclear, one due 
 to a lesion of the nuclei of origin of a cranial 
 nerve. P., Obstetric, any paralysis of the 
 child resulting from injuries received during 
 delivery. P. , Peripheral, loss of power due to 
 a lesion of the nervous motor mechanism be- 
 tween the nuclei of origin and peripheral termi- 
 nation. P., Postdiphtheric. See P., Diph- 
 theric. P., Pressure, paralysis of a group of 
 muscles supplied by a nerve which has been sub- 
 jected to prolonged pressure. P., Pseudobul- 
 
PARALYTIC 
 
 729 
 
 PARANEPHROS 
 
 bar, a symmetric lesion of the halves of the 
 cerebrum producing paralysis of the lips, the 
 tongue, and the larynx or the pharynx. P., 
 Pseudohypertrophic Muscular, a chronic 
 disease characterized by progressive muscular 
 weakness, associated with an apparent hyper- 
 trophy of the affected muscles. The disease 
 usually begins in the muscles of the calf, and 
 spreads over the body, the muscles of the 
 hand almost always escaping. There are 
 marked lordosis and a peculiar gait, with 
 
 • wide separation of the legs and swaying of the 
 body from side to side. The characteristic 
 symptom is the manner in which the patient 
 arises from the floor — he "climbs" up on his 
 legs, on account of the weakened state of the 
 extensor muscles of the back. It is most com- 
 mon in young male children. The disease 
 is entirely myopathic, no adequate nerve- 
 lesion having as yet been discovered. The 
 muscles are the seat of hypertrophy and 
 atrophy of muscular fibers, hyperplasia of 
 the connective tissue, and fatty infiltration. 
 P., Reflex, the paralysis sometimes follow- 
 ing immediately upon a wound of a nerve, 
 or the paraplegia sometimes due to irri- 
 tation of an adherent prepuce. Other so- 
 called reflex palsies, as that from renal cal- 
 culus, are probably due to secondary changes 
 in the spinal cord or nerves. P., Sensory, 
 anesthesia. P., Spastic, a paralysis as- 
 sociated with rigidity of the muscles and 
 heightened tendon-reflexes. P., Spastic 
 Spinal, lateral sclerosis. P. spinalis, 
 paraplegia. P., Vasomotor, paralysis of the 
 vasomotor center or of the vasomotor nerves; 
 it leads to dilation of the blood-vessels. 
 
 Paralytic {par-al-it'-ik). i. Of the nature 
 of paralysis; affected with paralysis. 2. A 
 person suffering from paralysis; also one 
 suffering from general paralysis of the insane. 
 
 Paralyzant {par-al-V -zant) [paralysis]. 1. 
 Causing paralysis. 2. An agent or drug that 
 induces paralysis. P., Motor, a drug par- 
 alyzing any part of the motor apparatus: the 
 motor cells of the spinal cord, the motor 
 nerves, or the muscles. 
 
 Paralyzing Vertigo. See Gerlier's Disease. . 
 
 Paramagnetic {par-ah-mag-net'-ik). Exhibit- 
 ing a polarity in the same direction as the 
 magnetizing force. 
 
 Paramagnetism {par-ah-mag' -net-izm) [para-; 
 magnet]. The phenomena exhibited by 
 paramagnetic substances. 
 
 Paramastitis {par-ah-mas-W -tis) [para-; mas- 
 titis]. Inflammation of the connective tissue 
 about the mamma. 
 
 Paramenia {par-ah-me' '-ne-ah) [para-; ptrjvsf, 
 menses]. Difficult or disordered menstruation. 
 
 Paramesial {par-ah-me' -ze-aT) [para-; jJ-kooc, 
 middle]. Located near the mesial line. 
 
 Parametric {par-ah-met'-rik) [parametrium]. 
 Pertaining to the tissues about the uterus. 
 
 Parametrism {par - ah - met' - rizm) [para- 
 metrium]. Painful spasm of the smooth 
 muscular fibers of the broad ligament. 
 
 Parametritis {par - ah - me - tri' - Us) [para- 
 
 metrium; ncc, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the cellular tissue about the uterus; pelvic 
 cellulitis. P., Anterior, that in which the 
 inflammation is limited to the loose vesico- 
 uterine cellular tissue or that between the 
 symphysis and the bladder. The swelling 
 is anterior, and the pus generally tracks into 
 the bladder, vagina, or inguinal region. P. 
 chronica atrophicans, inflammatory hyper- 
 trophy of the connective tissue of the pelvis 
 progressing to cicatricial atrophy. P. chron- 
 ica posterior, chronic inflammatory processes 
 in Douglas' folds, causing fixation of the 
 uterus at the level of the internal os and 
 anteflexion by shortening of the folds and 
 torsion of the uterus when only one fold is 
 shortened. P., Remote, parametritis marked 
 by formation of abscesses in places more or 
 less remote from the focus of the disease. 
 
 Parametrium {par-ah-me' -tre-um) [para-; 
 fiTjrpa, womb]. The connective tissue sur- 
 rounding the uterus. 
 
 Paramimia {par-ah-mim'-e-ah) [para-; ixcixe'co- 
 dac, to mimic]. A form of aphasia charac- 
 terized by the faulty use of gestures. 
 
 Paramitome {par -ah-mi' -torn) [para-; p.hoc, 
 a thread]. The fluid portion of the cell-sub- 
 stance, contained in the meshes of the mi- 
 tome. 
 
 Paramnesia {par-am-ne'-ze-ah) [para-; am- 
 nesia]. Illusion of memory, especially the 
 illusion of feeling, as if one had already 
 undergone the experience which may be 
 passing. 
 
 Paramonochlorphenol {par-ah-mon-o-klor-fe'- 
 nol), C 6 H 4 (C1) . OH(i : 4). A crystalline body 
 obtained by the chlorination of phenol; it 
 is antiseptic and employed in erysipelas, 
 tuberculous diseases of throat, etc., in 5 to 
 20% solution in glycerol. 
 
 Paramorphin {par-ah-mor'-fin). See Thebain. 
 
 Paramusia {par-ah-mu' -ze-ah) [para-; ixouocfcf}, 
 music]. A form of aphasia in which there is 
 perversion of the musical sense, resulting in 
 the production of improper notes and in- 
 tervals. 
 
 Paramyoclonus multiplex {par-ah-mi-ok' -to- 
 nus mul'-tip-leks). A neurosis marked by 
 sudden, shock-like muscular contractions, 
 which are bilateral and do not, as a rule, 
 affect the hands or face. The etiology is 
 unknown, and the disease is believed to be 
 analogous to chronic adult chorea. 
 
 Paramyosinogen {par - ah-mi- o - sin'-o-jen). 
 One of the proteids of muscle-plasma, co- 
 agulating at 47 C. 
 
 Paramyotonia {par - ah - mi - o - to' - ne - ah) 
 [para-; fj.Dc, muscle; tovoo, tone]. A per- 
 version of muscular tonicity characterized 
 by tonic spasms. It is usually congenital. 
 P. congenita, congenital paramyotonia. 
 See Thomsen's Disease. 
 
 Paranephritis {par-ah-nef-ri'-tis). 1. Inflam- 
 mation of the paranephros. 2. Inflammation 
 of the connective tissue about the kidney. 
 
 Paranephros {par-ah-nef'-ros) [para-; ve<f>p6f, 
 kidney]. The suprarenal capsule. 
 
PARANESTHESIA 
 
 730 
 
 PARASITE 
 
 Paranesthesia {par-an-es-the' -ze-ah) . See Para- 
 anesthesia. 
 
 Parangi {par-an'-je). See Frambesia. 
 
 Paranoia {par-ah-noi' -ah) [para-; voug, mind]. 
 Mental aberration, especially a chronic dis- 
 ease characterized by systematized delusions. 
 
 Paranoiac {par-ah-noi' -ak) [paranoia]. i. Af- 
 fected with paranoia. 2. A person who is 
 affected with paranoia. 
 
 Paranuclein (par-ah-nu'-kle-in). A combina- 
 tion of albumin with metaphosphoric acid, 
 split off from the nucleoalbumins by action 
 of pepsin hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Paranucleon {par-ah-nu'-kle-on). Phospho- 
 carnic acid, a complex body supposed to 
 constitute the source of muscle energy. It 
 gives rise to lactic acid and C0 2 on hydrolysis. 
 
 Paranucleoproteid {par - ah-nu- kle - o-pro'- 
 te-id). A synonym of Nucleoalbumin. 
 
 Paranucleus {par - ah - nu' - Me - us) [para-; 
 nucleus, kernel]. An irregular spheric body 
 lying in the protoplasm of a cell near the 
 nucleus and perhaps extruded by the latter. 
 
 Paraoxyethylacetanilid {par-ah-oks-e-eth-il- 
 as-ei-an' -il-id) . Acetphenetidin. 
 
 Paraparesis {par-ah-par' -es-is, or par-ah-par-e'- 
 sis). Partial paralysis of the lower extremities. 
 
 Parapeptone {par-ah-pep' -ton) . See Peptone. 
 
 Paraphasia {par -ah-] a' -ze-ah) [para-; fyaotc, 
 speech]. A form of aphasia in which there 
 is inability to connect ideas with the proper 
 words to express the ideas. 
 
 Paraphenetolcarbamid {par-ah-fe-net-ol-kar'- 
 bam-id). Sucrol. 
 
 Paraphenylendiamin {par-ah-fen-il-en-di'- 
 am-in), C 6 H 8 N 2 . A crystalline substance ob- 
 tained by the nitration of acetanilid and re- 
 duction with tin and hydrochloric acid. It 
 is used in the manufacture of certain hair- 
 dyes, and gives rise to eczema of the scalp 
 and eyelids, or poisoning marked by vomiting, 
 diarrhea, etc. 
 
 Paraphia {par-af '-e-ah) [para-; d(j)rj, touch]. 
 Abnormity of the sense of touch. 
 
 Paraphimosis {par-ah-fi-mo'-sis). Retraction 
 and constriction of the prepuce behind the 
 glans penis. 
 
 Paraphonia {par-ah-fo' -ne-ah) [para-; (jxovrj, 
 voice]. Any abnormal condition of the 
 voice. 
 
 Paraphrasia {par-ah-fra'-ze-ah) [para-; <j>pa- 
 gcc, utterance]. A form of aphasia charac- 
 terized by incoherence of speech. 
 
 Paraphrenia, Paraphrenitis {par-ah-fre' '-ne-ah, 
 par-ah-fren-i' -tis) [para-; 4>p^v, mind; dia- 
 phragm]. 1. Delirium; a mental disease. 
 2. Inflammation of the diaphragm. 
 
 Paraplasm {par' -ah-plazm) [para-; nXaap.a, a 
 thing formed]. 1. The fluid substance in 
 the meshes of the cell-protoplasm. 2. A 
 heteroplasm or false growth. 
 
 Paraplast {par'-ah-plast). A proprietary plas- 
 ter mass. 
 
 Paraplastic {par-ah-plas'-tik) [paraplasm]. 1. 
 Of the nature of paraplasm. 2. Having mor- 
 bid formative powers. P. Formations, 
 the contractile substance of the muscular 
 
 fibrils, the nervous fibers, and the red blood- 
 corpuscles. 
 
 Paraplegia {par-ah-ple' -je-ah) [para-; 7^77 pj, 
 stroke]. Paralysis of the lower half of the 
 body or of the lower extremities. P., Ataxic, 
 a disease characterized clinically by a com- 
 bination of ataxia and exaggerated tendon- 
 reflexes, and anatomically by sclerosis of the 
 posterior and lateral columns of the cord. 
 P. diabetica, a peripheral paralysis of the 
 extensor muscles of the feet in diabetic sub- 
 jects. It differs from tabes in absence of 
 disturbance of coordination and sensibility. 
 P., Infantile Spasmodic, a spastic paralysis 
 coming on in early childhood, and usually 
 dependent on a cerebral lesion with failure 
 of proper development or secondary sclerosis 
 of the motor tracts of the spinal cord. The 
 causes are injuries during birth, intrauterine 
 cerebral inflammation, or anomalies of brain- 
 development. Syn., Birth-palsy; Spasmodic 
 tabes dorsalis; Spastic cerebral paraplegia. 
 P. simplex senilis, that dependent upon 
 disturbed nutrition of the cortex, causing, in 
 advanced age, paralysis of the legs without 
 muscular atrophy. P., Spastic, lateral 
 sclerosis. 
 
 Paraplegic {par-ah-ple' -jik) [paraplegia]. Per- 
 taining to, or affected with, paraplegia. 
 
 Parapleuritis {par-ah-plu-ri'-tis). i. Pleuro- 
 dynia. 2. A slight degree of pleuritis. 
 
 Paraproctitis {par-ah-prok-ti'-tis). Inflam- 
 mation of the connective tissue about the 
 rectum. 
 
 Parapsis {par-ap'-sis) [para-; a<pcc, a touch- 
 ing]. Perversion of the sense of touch. 
 
 Parareducin {par-ah-re-du' -sin) [para-; re- 
 ducere, to lead back]. A leukomain found 
 in conjunction with reducin in the urine. 
 
 Pararhotacism {par - ah - ro'- tas - izm) . See 
 Rhotacism. 
 
 Pararthria {par-ar' -thre-ah) [para-; apdpov, 
 articulation]. A disorder of articulate speech. 
 
 Parasacral {par-ah-sa' -kral) . Beside or near 
 the sacrum. 
 
 Parasalpingitis {par-ah-sal-pin-ji'-tis) . In- 
 flammation of the tissues around an oviduct. 
 
 Parasigmatism {par-ah-sig' -mat-izm) [para-; 
 a'ifiia, the Greek letter s\ The inability to pro- 
 nounce "s" or "sh," another letter, as "/>" 
 being substituted. 
 
 Parasinoidal {par-ah-sin-oi'-dal) [para-; sinus]. 
 Lying near or along a cerebral sinus. 
 P. Spaces, the expansion of the cerebral 
 veins just before emptying into the superior 
 longitudinal sinus. 
 
 Parasite {par' -ah-slt) [para-; o'czoc, food]. 
 1. An animal or vegetable living upon or 
 within another organism, termed the host. 
 The most important classes of animal para- 
 sites of man are the following: (A) Protozoa, 
 unicellular organisms, as the Plasmodium 
 malarice, and the Amoeba coli. (B) Metazoa, 
 multicellular organisms, as — {a) Vermes, or 
 worms, including the Trematodes, the most 
 important of which are the Distomas; the 
 Cestodes, Tcenice, or tape-worms, including 
 
PARASITIC 
 
 731 
 
 PARENCEPHALIA 
 
 Tcenia solium, Taenia mediocanellata or sag- 
 inata, Tcenia echinococcus, and Bothrioceph- 
 alus latus; the Nematodes, comprising As- 
 caris, Oxyuris, Anchylostomum, Filaria, Tri- 
 china, and Trichocephalus; (b) the Arthro- 
 poda, including the itch-mite, louse, flea, 
 etc. The vegetable parasites are the bac- 
 teria and fungi (q. v.). 2. In teratology, a 
 fetus or fetal parts attached to or included 
 in another fetus. 
 
 Parasitic (par-ah-sif -ik) [parasite]. 1. Of the 
 nature of a parasite; living upon or in an 
 animal or vegetable, as parasitic bacteria, 
 parasitic worms. 2. Caused by parasites, as 
 parasitic skin diseases. 
 
 Parasiticide (par-ah-sif -is-id) [parasite; ccedere, 
 to kill]. 1. Destructive to parasites. 2. An 
 agent capable of destroying parasites, espe- 
 cially one destroying the parasites living upon 
 or in the skin. 
 
 Parasitifer (par-ah-sif -if-er) [parasite; <f>ip£tv, 
 to bear]. The host of a parasite. 
 
 Parasitism (par' ' -ah-si-tizm) [parasite]. The 
 relation that a parasite bears to its host; 
 infestion by parasites. 
 
 Parasitogenetic" (par-ah-si-to-jen-ef-ik) [para- 
 site; yevvav,, to beget]. Produced by para- 
 sites; depending for its origin upon para- 
 sites. 
 
 Parasitology (par-ah-si-tof -o-je) [parasite; X6- 
 foc, science]. The study of parasites. 
 
 Paraspadia (par-ah-spa' -de-ah) [para-; onaEtv, 
 to draw]. A condition in which the urethra 
 opens on one side of the penis. 
 
 Parasternal (par-ah-ster'-nal) [para-; sternum]. 
 Beside or near the sternum. P. Line, an 
 imaginary vertical line midway between the 
 margin of the sternum and the line passing 
 through, the nipple. P. Region, the region 
 between the sternal margin and the para- 
 
 . sternal line. 
 
 Parasynovitis (par - ah - sin - - vi' - tis) . In- 
 flammation of the structures about a 
 joint. 
 
 Parasyphilis, Parasyphilosis (par-ah-sif -il-is, 
 -sif-il-o'-sis). A series of morbid manifes- 
 tations not having the anatomopathologic 
 characteristics of syphilis, but apparently of 
 syphilitic origin; e. g., tabes, general paral- 
 ysis, etc. 
 
 Parathelioma (par-ah-the-le-o f -mah) [para-; 
 drjXrj, nipple; #/za, a tumor]. A tumor located 
 near the nipple. 
 
 Parathyroid (par-ah-thi' -roid) . 1. Lying be- 
 side the thyroid gland. 2. An accessory thy- 
 roid gland. 
 
 Paratoloid (par-ah' -to-loid) . Synonym of Tu- 
 berculin. 
 
 Paratonia (par-ah-to 1 '-ne-ah) [para-; xbvoc, 
 tension]. Overextension; excessive ten- 
 sion. 
 
 Paratrichosis (par-ah-trik-o' '-sis) [para-; Opis, 
 hair]. A condition in which the hair is 
 either imperfect in growth or develops in 
 abnormal places. 
 
 Paratrimma (par-ah-trim' -ah) [para-; xp'c^ecv, 
 to rub]. Intertrigo. 
 
 Paratrophy (par-af -ro-fe) [para-; xpocfrr), nutri- 
 tion]. Perverted or abnormal nutrition. 
 
 Paratyphlitis (par-ah-tif-W -tis) . Inflamma- 
 tion of the connective tissue behind the 
 cecum. 
 
 Paratyphoid (par-ah-W -foid) . An affection 
 produced by the paracolon bacillus, present- 
 ing all the characteristic symptoms of typhoid, 
 but in which the Widal reaction is negative; 
 the serums, however, react promptly to other 
 bacteria of the colon-typhoid group, which 
 may be isolated from the blood or from the 
 excrement. 
 
 Paratyphus (par - ah - ti' - fus). Synonym of 
 Paratyphoid. 
 
 Paratypical, Paratypicus (par -ah-tip'- 
 ik-al, -us). Irregular; not typical in char- 
 acter. 
 
 Paraurethral (par-ah-u-re'-thral). Beside the 
 urethra. 
 
 Paraxanthin (par-ah-zan'-thin) [para-; xan- 
 thin], C 7 H 8 N 4 2 . Dimethylxanthin, a crys- 
 talline leukomain occurring in normal urine 
 and isomeric with theobromin, which it re- 
 sembles in its action upon the organism, pro- 
 ducing muscular rigidity, dyspnea, and dimi- 
 nution in reflex excitability. 
 
 Paraxial (par-aks'-e-al) [para-; axis]. Lying 
 near the axis of the body. • 
 
 Paraxon (par-aks' '-on) [para-; axon]. A lateral 
 branch of the axis-cylinder process of a nerve- 
 cell; a collateral fiber. 
 
 Parazoon (par-ah-zo'-on) [para-; t,&ov, an ani- 
 mal]. A parasite that lives on the exterior 
 of its host. 
 
 Parectasis (par-ek' -ta-sis) [para-; enxaocc, a 
 stretching out]. Excessive stretching or di- 
 lation. 
 
 Paregoric (par-e-gor'-ik) [-nap-qjopiKoc, soothing]. 
 1. Soothing or assuaging. 2. A soothing 
 remedy, as paregoric elixir, or paregoric, 
 the tinctura opii camphor ata (U. S. P.). 
 
 Pareira (par-a'-rah). The root of Chondro- 
 dendron tomentosum, of the natural order 
 Menispermaceoe. It was formerly called 
 pareira brava. It contains a resin, an alka- 
 loid, pelosin, identical with berberin, a bitter 
 principle, a nitrogenous substance, calcium 
 malate, potassium nitrate, and other salts. 
 Pareira is used as a diuretic in calculous 
 pyelitis, in cystitis, and has also been em- 
 ployed in leukorrhea, rheumatism, and 
 dropsy, and in Brazil in the treatment of 
 snake-bite. P., Decoction of (decoctum 
 pareira, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 
 Cc). P., Extract of (extractum pareira, B. 
 P.). Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). P., 
 Fluidextract of (fluidextr actum pareira, U. 
 S. P.). Dose ±-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). P., Liquid 
 Extract of (extractum pareira liquidiim, B. 
 P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Parelectronomic (par-e-lek-tro-nom'-ik) [para-; 
 '^XeKzpoVy amber; vo/ioc, law]. Unresponsive 
 to electromotive stimulus. 
 
 Parencephalia (par-en-sef-a' -le-ah) [para-; iy- 
 Ke(f)aXoc, brain]. Congenital malformation of 
 the brain. 
 
PARENCEPHALIS 
 
 732 
 
 PAROPHTHALMONCUS 
 
 Parencephalis (par-en-sef -al-is). See Paren- 
 cephalon. 
 
 Parencephalitis (par-en-sef-al-i'-tis). Inflam- 
 mation of the cerebellum. 
 
 Parencephalon {par-en-sef'-al-on) [para-; ir- 
 nk<f>aXoc, brain]. The cerebellum. 
 
 Parencephalus (par-en-sef '-al-us) [see Paren- 
 cephalon']. One with a congenital malforma- 
 tion of the brain. 
 
 Parenchyma (par-eng'-kim-ah) [para-; ztx&v, 
 to pour in]. The essential or specialized 
 part of an organ as distinguished from the 
 supporting connective tissue. 
 
 Parenchymatous (par-eng-ki' -mat-us or par- 
 eng-kim' '-at-us) [parenchyma]. Pertaining to 
 or affecting the parenchyma. P. Degenera- 
 tion, cloudy swelling. P. Inflammation, 
 inflammation of the parenchyma, as dis- 
 tinguished from that of the interstitial tissue. 
 
 Parepicele (par-ep'-is-el) [para-; ini, upon; 
 ko'cXoc, a hollow]. The lateral recess of the 
 epicele. 
 
 Parepididymis (par - ep -i- did'-im - is). See 
 Paradidymis. 
 
 Paresis (par'-es-is or par-e'-sis) [para-; ckvac, 
 to let go]. A slight paralysis; incomplete loss 
 of muscular power. P., General. See 
 Paralysis, General, of the Insane. 
 
 Paresthesia (par-es-the' -ze-ah) [para-; diod-qoic, 
 sensation], i. Morbid or perverted sensa- 
 tion, as numbness, formication, "pins-and- 
 needles." 2. See Acroparesthesia. 
 
 Paresthetic (par-es-thet'-ik) [paresthesia]. Per- 
 taining to, affected with, or characterized by 
 paresthesia. 
 
 Paretic (par-et'-ik) [paresis]. Pertaining to or 
 affected with paresis. P. Dement, a person 
 suffering from paretic dementia. P. Demen- 
 tia. See Paralysis, General, of the Insane. 
 
 Pareunia (par-u'-ne-ah) [para-; edwf), a bed]. 
 Coitus. 
 
 Parfocal (par-fo'-kal). A term used to desig- 
 nate microscopic oculars and objectives which 
 are so constructed or so mounted that in 
 changing from one to another the image 
 will remain in focus. 
 
 Paridrosis (par-id-ro' -sis) [para-; tdpcooic, 
 sweat]. Any abnormal condition of the 
 secretion of sweat. 
 
 Parietal (par-i' -et-al) [paries, wall]. 1. Form- 
 ing or situated on a wall, as the parietal 
 layer of the peritoneum. 2. Pertaining to or 
 in relation with the parietal bone of the skull, 
 as the parietal foramen, parietal lobe of the 
 brain. P. Bones. See Bones, Table of. P. 
 Cells, cells found in the periphery of the pep- 
 tic glands of the stomach, immediately be- 
 neath the basement-membrane. Their func- 
 tion is supposed to be the secretion of 
 hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Parietalia (par-i-et-a'-le-ah) [see Parietal]. 
 The bones that collectively form the vault 
 of the cranium. 
 
 Parietes (par-i' -et-ez) [pi. of paries, a wall]. 
 The walls of a cavity. 
 
 Parieto- (par-i-et-o-) [parietal]. A. prefix mean- 
 ing relating to the parietal bone. 
 
 Parietooccipital (par-i-et-o-ok-sip'-it-al) [par- 
 ieto-; occipital]. Pertaining to the parietal 
 and occipital bones or lobes. 
 Parietosphenoid (par-i-et-o-sfe'-noid) [parieto-; 
 sphenoid]. Pertaining to the parietal and 
 sphenoid bones. 
 Parietosquamosal (par-i-et-o-skwa-mo'-sal) 
 [parieto-; squamosal]. Of or pertaining to 
 the parietal bone and the squamous portion 
 of the temporal bone. P. Suture, a suture 
 between the squamous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone and the parietal bone. 
 
 Parietotemporal (par-i-et-o-tem' -po-ral) [par- 
 ieto-; temporal]. Pertaining to the parietal 
 and temporal bones. P. Suture, the suture 
 between the parietal and temporal bones. 
 
 Parietovisceral (par-i-et-o-vis'-er-al) [parieto-; 
 visceral]. Pertaining to the walls of a body- 
 cavity and the contained viscera. 
 
 Parinaud's Conjunctivitis. A severe form of 
 conjunctivitis due to infection from animals. 
 P.s Ophthalmoplegia, paralysis of the ex- 
 ternal rectus of one side and spasm of the 
 internal rectus of the other side; it is of 
 peripheral origin. 
 
 Paris' Disease. Acrodynia.' 
 
 Paris Green (par'-is), Cu(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . 3Cu(As- 
 2 ) 2 . Copper acetoarsenite, a poisonous sub- 
 stance used in the arts and for the destruction 
 of the potato-bug. 
 
 Park's Aneurysm. Arteriovenous aneurysm, 
 the arterial dilation communicating with two 
 contiguous veins. 
 
 Parkesin (park'-es-in). A mixture of linseed- 
 oil and chlorin sulfid in a solution of collodion 
 in nitrobenzol. It is used as a substitute for 
 caoutchouc. 
 
 Parkinson's Disease. Paralysis agitans. P.'s 
 Mask, the immobile facies of paralysis 
 agitans. 
 
 Parnum's Test for Albumin. Add to the 
 filtered urine one-sixth of its volume of a 
 concentrated solution of magnesium or so- 
 dium sulfate. On acidulating with acetic 
 acid and boiling, the albumin is precipitated. 
 
 Paroccipital (par-ok-sip'-it-al). 1. Beside the 
 occipital region. 2. The mastoid process. 
 
 Parodinia (par-o-din' -e-ah). See Parodynia. 
 
 Parodontitis (par-o-don-ti' -tis) [para-; odouc. 
 a tooth; crcc, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the tissues surrounding a tooth. 
 
 Parodynia (par-o-din' -e-ah) [parere, to bring 
 forth; oduvfj, pain]. Difficult parturition; 
 dystocia. 
 
 Parons (par'-onz) [parere, to bring forth]. 
 Bringing forth; bearing. 
 
 Paronychia (par -o-nik' -e-ah) [para-; ony- 
 chia]. An inflammation of the flexor tendons 
 and tendinous sheaths of the fingers; whitlow. 
 
 Paroophoron (par -o - of - o - ron) [para-; 
 oophoron]. The persistent tubules of the 
 posterior part of the wolffian body in the 
 female, corresponding to the organ of Giraldes 
 in the male. 
 
 Parophthalmoncus ' (par - of - thai - mong'-kus) 
 [para-; dfiOaAfioc, the eye; oymc, a tumor]. 
 A tumor near the eye. 
 

 PAROPTIC 
 
 733 
 
 PARTUS 
 
 Paroptic (par-op' -tiK) [para-; b(pcc, vision]. 
 Applied to colors produced by the diffraction 
 of light -rays. 
 
 Parorchidium (par-or-kid'-e-um) [para-; bpyjg, 
 a testicle]. Abnormal position of a testicle 
 or its nondescent. 
 
 Parorganum (par-org'-an-um) [para-; bpyavov, 
 an instrument]. A growth the tissue of 
 which resembles that of some organ. 
 
 Parosmia (par-oz' -me-ah) [para-; 60 fir], smell]. 
 A perversion of the sense of smell. 
 
 Parostia (par-os'-te-ah) [para-; baxkov, bone]. 
 Disorder or defect of ossification. 
 
 Parostitis (par-os-ti'-tis) [para-; baxkov, bone; 
 ace, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 outer surface of periosteum. 
 
 Parostosis (par-os-to'-sis) [para-; baxkov, bone]. 
 The abnormal formation of bone outside of 
 the periosteum, or in the connective tissue 
 surrounding the periosteum. 
 
 Parotic (par-o'-tik) [para-; ouc, ear]. Situated 
 near or about the ear. 
 
 Parotid (par-ot'-id) [see Parotic]. i. Situ- 
 ated near the ear, as the parotid gland. 2. 
 Pertaining to or affecting the parotid gland. 
 P. Abscess, an abscess of the parotid gland. 
 The term is sometimes also applied to abscess 
 of the lvmphatic gland lying upon the parotid. 
 P. Gland, one of the salivary glands in front 
 of and below the external ear. It is a com- 
 pound racemose gland and secretes saliva 
 containing ptyalin, a globulin-like body, 
 potassium sulfocyanid, a trace of urea, and 
 mineral salts. Its duct is Stenson's duct. 
 
 Parotiditis (par-ot-id-i'-tis). See Parotitis. 
 
 Parotis (par-o'-tis) [L.]. The parotid gland. 
 P. accessoria, a small lobule near the parotid 
 gland. 
 
 Parotitis (par-o-li'-tis) [parotid; ixcc, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the parotid 
 
 ' gland, especially the specific infectious disease 
 known as mumps; the name is also given to 
 inflammation of the lymphatic gland over- 
 lying the parotid (parotid bubo). P., Met- 
 astatic, that secondary to disease elsewhere; 
 it occurs in infectious fevers, as typhoid fever, 
 and usually goes on to suppuration. 
 
 Parovarian (par-o-va' -re-an) [para-; ovarium, 
 ovary]. 1. Situated near the ovary. 2. Per- 
 taining to the parovarium. 
 
 Parovariotomy (par-o-va-re-ot'-o-me). Ex- 
 cision of a parovarian cyst. 
 
 Parovaritis (par-o-var-i'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the parovarium. 
 
 Parovarium (par-o-va' -re-uni) [para-; ovarium, 
 ovary]. The remnant of the wolffian body 
 of the female; the organ of Rosenmuller. 
 
 Paroxia (par-oks'-e-ah). See Pica. 
 
 Paroxyntic (par-oks-in'-tik) [napo^uvscv, to 
 excite]. Paroxysmal. 
 
 Paroxysm (par'-oks-izm) [para-; b^ovscv, to 
 sharpen]. The periodic increase or crisis in 
 the progress of a disease; a sudden attack, 
 a sudden reappearance of symptoms, or a 
 sudden increase in the intensity of existing 
 symptoms. 
 
 Paroxysmal (par-oks-iz'-mal) [paroxysm]. Of 
 
 the nature of or resembling a paroxysm; oc- 
 curring in paroxysms. 
 
 Parrot's Atrophy of the Newborn. Primary 
 infantile atrophy or marasmus. Syn., Athrep- 
 sia. P.'s Disease, pseudoparalysis of the 
 extremities due to epiphyseal separation which 
 prevents spontaneous movements, in heredi- 
 tary syphilis of the newborn. P.'s Nodes, 
 osteophytes of the frontal and parietal bones, 
 around the anterior fontanel, in hereditary 
 syphilis. P.'s Sign, dilation of the pupil 
 when the skin is pinched; it is noted in menin- 
 gitis. P.'s Ulcers, the whitish or yellowish 
 patches of thrush. 
 
 Parrot Disease. See Psittacosis. 
 
 Parrot-beak Nails. Nails that are curved 
 strongly anteroposteriorly, like the beak of a 
 parrot. 
 
 Parry's Disease. Exophthalmic goiter. 
 
 Pars (parz) [L.]. A part. P. ciliaris retinae, 
 the part of the retina in front of the ora 
 serrata. P. papillaris, the papillary layer of 
 the skin. P. sphincteria inferior, the low- 
 est portion of the esophagus. 
 
 Parsley (pars' -le) [-kxpoc, rock; akXcvov, a kind 
 of parsley]. The Carum petroselinum, a plant 
 of the order Umbelliferce, containing a volatile 
 oil. From the seed a peculiar oily liquid, 
 termed apiol (q. v.), is obtained. The root is 
 used in renal diseases and dropsy; the juice of 
 the fresh herbs and the seeds are employed 
 as antiperiodics; apiol is an emmenagog. 
 
 Parson's Disease. Exophthalmic goiter. 
 
 Parthenium (par-the'-ne-um) [xapOivoc, a 
 virgin]. A genus of herbs of the order Com- 
 posite. P. hysterophorus contains several al- 
 kaloids, one of which, called parthenin, seems 
 to be the active principle of the plant and 
 has been used as an antipyretic and antineu- 
 x ralgic. P. integrifolium, prairie-dock, a per- 
 ennial plant of the southern United States, 
 is used as an antiperiodic. 
 
 Parthenogenesis (par - then - - jen' - es - is) 
 [napdkvoc, a virgin; jkveocc, production]. 
 The development of an organism from an 
 unfertilized ovum. 
 
 Partridge's Hernia. Femoral hernia external 
 to the femoral vessels. 
 
 Partridge-berry. 1. A trailing plant, Mitch- 
 ella repens, with medical uses like those of 
 pipsissewa. 2. See Gaultheria. 
 
 Parturient (par-tic' '-re-ent) [parturition]. 1. 
 Being in labor; giving birth; as a par- 
 turient woman. 2. Traversed during birth, 
 as the parturient canal. 
 
 Parturifacient (par-tu-re-fa' -se-ent) [parturi- 
 tion; facere, to make]. 1. Promoting par- 
 turition. 2. An agent that induces parturition. 
 
 Parturiometer (par-tu-re-om'-et-er) [parturi- 
 tion; fihpov, a measure]. An instrument 
 for determining the progress of labor by 
 
 • measuring the expulsive force of the uterus. 
 
 Parturition (par-tu-rish' -un) [parturitio, from 
 parturire]. The act of giving birth to young. 
 See Labor. 
 
 Partus (par'-tus) [parturire, to bring forth]. 
 The bringing forth of offspring; labor. P. 
 
PARULIS 
 
 734 
 
 PATHOAMINS 
 
 agrippinus, labor with breech presentation. 
 P. caesarius, cesarean section. P. difficilis, 
 dystocia. P. immaturus, premature' labor. 
 P. maturus, labor at term. P. praecipita- 
 tus, precipitate labor. P. siccus, dry labor. 
 
 Parulis (par-u'-lis) [para-; ouXov, the gum]. 
 Abscess of the gum; a gum-boil. 
 
 Paruria (par-u' -re-ah) [para-; obpov, urine]. 
 Abnormity in the excretion of the urine. 
 
 Parurocystis (par-u-ro-sis'-tis). See Bladder, 
 Supplementary . 
 
 Parvolin (par'-vo-lin), C 9 H 13 N. A synthetic 
 liquid base; also a ptomain isomeric with 
 it, occurring in decomposing fish and horse- 
 flesh. 
 
 Parvule (par'-vul) [parvus, small]. A small 
 pill or pellet. 
 
 Paschachurda (pas-kah-koor' -dah) . See Sar- 
 tian Disease. 
 
 Passage (pas'-aj) [passare, to pass], i. A 
 channel. 2. The act of passing from one 
 place to another. 3. The introduction of an 
 instrument into a cavity or channel. 4. An 
 evacuation of the bowels. P., False, a false 
 channel, especially one made by the unskil- 
 ful introduction of an instrument into the 
 urethra. 
 
 Passavant's Cushion. The bulging of the 
 posterior pharyngeal wall, produced during 
 the act of swallowing by the upper portion of 
 the superior constrictor pharyngis. 
 
 Passiflora (pas-if-W -rah) [passio, passion; flos, 
 a flower]. Passion-flower, a genus of climb- 
 ing plants. P. incarnata, of North America, 
 is used as a narcotic and anodyne. Dose of 
 fluidextract 2-5 min. (0.13-0.3 Cc). P. 
 quadrangular is, of the West Indies; the root 
 causes vomiting, convulsions, and paralysis, 
 but has been prescribed as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Passion (pash'-un) [passio, from pati, to 
 suffer]. 1. Pain; suffering; as ileac pas- 
 sion, a synonym of volvulus. 2. An intense 
 emotion of the mind; intense sexual excite- 
 ment. 
 
 Passive (pas'-iv) [see Passion]. Not active; 
 not performed or produced by active efforts, 
 but by causes coming from without. P. 
 Congestion, congestion due to retention of 
 blood in a part, and not to an active flow 
 of blood toward the part. P. Immunity. 
 See Immunity, Passive. P. Motion, the 
 movement produced by external agency and 
 not by the person himself. 
 
 Passula (pas'-u-lah) [L.]. A raisin. 
 
 Paste (past) [ndoTT], mess]. Any soft, sticky 
 substance, especially a mixture of starch or 
 flour and water. P., Arsenical, a caustic 
 paste containing arsenic. P., Canquoin's. 
 See Canquoin's Paste. P., London, a mix- 
 ture of equal parts of sodium hydroxid and 
 slaked lime, moistened with alcohol. P., 
 Piffard's, copper sulfate, 1 part; tartrated 
 soda, 5 parts; caustic soda, 2 parts. It is 
 used as a test for sugar in urine. P., Serum, 
 a sterilized mixture of serum from ox-blood 
 with 25% of zinc oxid; used as a film on 
 abrasions or diseased surfaces. P., Sulfuric- 
 
 acid, a caustic mixture of equal parts of 
 sulfuric acid and powdered saffron. P., 
 Vienna, a mixture of potassium hydroxid and 
 caustic lime moistened with water. 
 
 Pasteur's Exhaustion Theory. See Immun- 
 ity, Theory of, Exhaustion Hypothesis. P.'s 
 Fluid, P.'s Liquid, an artificial liquid for 
 the cultivation of bacteria, composed of water, 
 100 parts; crystallized sugar, 10 parts; ammon- 
 ium carbonate and ashes of yeast, each, 1 part. 
 
 Pasteurella (pas-tur-el'-ah). A group of poly- 
 morphic coccobacteria destitute of spores and 
 cilia. 
 
 Pasteurellose (pas-tur-el'-oz). Hemorrhagic 
 septicemia in animals. 
 
 Pasteurization (pas-tur-i-za'-shun). The pro- 
 cess of checking fermentation in milk, wine, 
 and other organic fluids by heating them to 6o° 
 or 70 C. 
 
 Pastil, Pastille (pas' -til, pas-tel') [dim. of pasta, 
 paste]. 1. A small mass composed of aro- 
 matic substances and employed in fumigation. 
 2. A troche. 
 
 Patch [Prov. Ger., Patschen]. An irregular 
 spot or area. P., Moth-, chloasma. P., 
 Mucous, one of the characteristic lesions of 
 syphilis, occurring in the socalled secondary 
 stage, and appearing as a whitish papule or 
 patch on mucous membranes and at muco- 
 cutaneous junctions. Syn., Condyloma latum; 
 Mucous papule. P., Opaline. See Opaline 
 Patch. P.s, Peyer's. See Peyer's Glands. 
 
 Patefying (pat' -e-fi-ing) [patere, to stand open]. 
 The act of rendering patent. 
 
 Patella (pat-el'-ah) [dim. of patina, a shallow 
 dish]. The knee-pan, a small, round, sesamoid 
 bone in front of the knee, developed in the 
 tendon of the quadriceps extensor femoris 
 muscle. 
 
 Patellar (pat-el'-ar) [patella]. Pertaining to 
 the patella. P. Reflex, P. Tendon-reflex. 
 See Reflex, Knee-. 
 
 Patelliform (pat-el' -if-orm) [patella; forma, 
 form]. Shaped like a patella. 
 
 Patelloid, Patelloidean (pat-el'-oid, pat-el-oid'- 
 e-an). Disc-like; shaped like a knee-pan; 
 patelliform. 
 
 Patency (pa'-ten-se) [patent]. The state of be- 
 ing open; openness. 
 
 Patent (pat'-ent) [patere, to be open]. Open; 
 exposed. 
 
 Pathemate (path' -em-at) [xadrj/ia, a suffering]. 
 Pertaining to emotional excitement. 
 
 Pathetic (path-eV '-ik) [nadoc, disease]. Arous- 
 ing pity; indicating sadness or sorrow; ap- 
 pealing; that which appeals to or stirs the 
 passions; applied to the fourth cranial nerve 
 (pathetic nerve), which innervates the pathetic 
 muscle (patheticus, superior oblique) of the 
 eye, by which the eye is rolled outward and 
 downward. 
 
 Pathetism (path' -et-izm) [see Pathetic]. Hyp- 
 notism. 
 
 Patho- (pa-tho-) [nadoc, disease]. A prefix de- 
 noting disease. 
 
 Pathoamins (path-o-am'-ins). The basic sub- 
 stances found in disease. 
 
PATHOANATOMY 
 
 735 
 
 PECQUET, CISTERN OF 
 
 Pathoanatomy (path-o-an-aV -o-me) [patho-; 
 anatomy]. Pathologic anatomy. 
 
 Pathogenesis (path-o-jen' '-es-is) [patho;- ykvtocg, 
 generation]. The origin or development of 
 disease. 
 
 Pathogenic, Pathogenetic (path-o-jen' -ik, 
 path-o-jen-et' -ik [patho-; yevvdv, to produce]. 
 Producing disease. P. Microorganism, one 
 that when introduced into the system causes 
 disease. 
 
 Pathogenicity (path-o-jen-is' -it-e) . The con- 
 dition of being pathogenic. 
 
 Pathognomonic (path-og-no-mon'-ik) [patho-; 
 fvuj/jLoju, a judge]. Characteristic of a disease, 
 distinguishing it from other diseases. 
 
 Pathologic (path-o-loj' '-ik) [pathology]. Per- 
 taining to pathology; pertaining to disease. 
 P. Anatomy. See Anatomy, Morbid. P. 
 Histology, the microscopic study of diseased 
 tissues. 
 
 Pathologist (path-ol f -o-jist) [pathology]. One 
 versed in pathology. 
 
 Pathology (path-oV -o-je) [patho-; Xoyoc, sci- 
 ence]. The branch of medical science that 
 treats of the modifications of function and 
 changes in structure caused by disease. 
 P., Cellular, pathology that makes the cell 
 the basis of all vital phenomena, and teaches 
 that every cell is derived from a preexisting 
 parent-cell. P., Comparative, a study 
 of pathologic processes in lower animals, 
 for purposes of tracing resemblances and 
 differences among them and between them 
 and those of the human body. P., Ex- 
 perimental, the study of pathologic pro- 
 cesses artificially induced in lower animals. 
 P., General, that department of pathology 
 which takes cognizance of those morbid 
 processes that may be observed in various 
 diseases and in any organ, e. g., inflamma- 
 tion, hypertrophy. P., Geographic, path- 
 ology in its relation to climatic and geo- 
 graphic conditions. P., Humoral, the old 
 doctrine that disease is due to abnormal con- 
 ditions of- the blood. It has been revived 
 in recent times in a modified form, and is 
 now based on the theory that both immunity 
 and susceptibility to disease reside in the 
 juices of the body. P., Special, that treat- 
 ing of changes in function and structure oc- 
 curring in special diseases, e. g., pneumonia. 
 P., Surgical, the pathology of diseases treated 
 by the surgeon. 
 
 Pathophobia (path-o-fo' -be-ah) [patho-; 4>6pog, 
 fear]. Exaggerated dread of disease. 
 
 Patient (pa'-shent) [pati, to suffer]. A person 
 under the care of a physician; a sick person. 
 
 Patterson's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, Pat- 
 terson's. 
 
 Patulous (pat-u-lus) [patere, to lie open]. Ex- 
 panded; open. 
 
 Paul's Sign. Feeble apex-beat with forcible 
 impulse over the body of the heart, in adher- 
 ent pericardium. 
 
 Paullinia {paw-lin'-e-ah). See Guarana. 
 
 Paulocardia (paw-lo-kar'-de-ah) [nauXa, pause; 
 napdca, heart]. A subjective sensation of in- 
 
 termission or momentary stoppage of the 
 heart-beat. 
 
 Pavement-epithelium. Epithelium consist- 
 ing of flattened, scale-like cells fitted together 
 by their edges like the tiles of a pavement. 
 
 Pavilion (pa-viV -yon) [papilio, a butterfly; 
 a tent], i. The expanded extremity of a 
 canal or tube, as the pavilion of the ear — the 
 auricle; the pavilion of the fallopian tube — 
 the fimbriated extremity of the fallopian tube. 
 2. In anatomy, a tent-shaped structure. 
 
 Pavor (pa'-vor) [L.]. Fright; fear. P. noc- 
 turnus, night-terrors. 
 
 Pavy's Disease. Cyclic albuminuria. P.'s 
 Solution for Glucose, make a solution by 
 mixing 120 Cc. of the ordinary Fehling's so- 
 lution with 300 Cc. of strong ammonia (spe- 
 cific gravity, 0.88) and 400 Cc. of sodium 
 hydroxid solution of specific gravity of 1.14; 
 dilute with 1000 Cc. of water. This solution 
 becomes decolorized on boiling with a glucose 
 solution. One hundred Cc. of this solution 
 is reduced by glucose to the same extent as 
 10 Cc. of Fehling's solution. 
 
 Pawlik's Folds. The anterior columns of 
 the vagina, which form the lateral boundaries 
 of Pawlik s triangle and serve as landmarks 
 in locating the opening of the .ureters. P.'s 
 Triangle, extra vesical or vaginal triangle. 
 The triangular space formed by two diver- 
 gent columns of the vagina and the transverse 
 ridge below the external orifice of the neck 
 of the bladder. It corresponds line for line 
 to the trigonum vesicae. 
 
 Paxton's Disease. Tinea nodosa. 
 
 Pearl (perl) [Ft., perle, from L., pirula, a 
 little pearl]. In pharmacy, a small, hollow 
 glass body containing a dose of a volatile 
 liquid medicine, as a pearl of amyl nitrite. 
 P. -disease, tuberculosis of serous mem- 
 branes in the lower animals, especially cattle, 
 so called on account of the most manifest 
 lesion, the pearly nodules or tumors, which 
 are often pendulous. P., Epidermic, P., 
 Epithelial, one of the spheroid concentric 
 masses of epithelial cells often seen in hard 
 papillomas, in squamous epitheliomas, and 
 in cholesteatomas. Syn., Pearly body. P.- 
 white, bismuth oxychlorid. 
 
 Pear lash (perl'-ash). Crude potassium car- 
 bonate. 
 
 Pearly Body. See Pearl, Epidermic. 
 
 Pebrine (peb'-rin) [Fr.]. An infectious epi- 
 demic disease of silkworms. 
 
 Peciloblast (pe-sil'-o-blast). See Poikilocyte. 
 
 Pecilocytosis (pe-sil-o-si-to' '-sis) . See Poikilo- 
 cytosis. 
 
 Pecilonymy (pe-sil-on'-im-e) [tzock'cXoc, various; 
 ovufia, name]. The use in one publication 
 of different names for the same part. Syn., 
 Poikilonymy. 
 
 Pecilothermal (pe-sil-o-ther'-mal). See Poikil- 
 othermic. 
 
 Pecklin's Glands. See Peyer's Glands. 
 
 Pecquet, Cistern of, P., Reservoir of. The 
 receptaculum chyli. P.'s Duct, the thoracic 
 duct. 
 
PECTEN 
 
 736 
 
 PEDUNCULAR 
 
 Pecten {pek'-ten) [L., "a comb"]. The os 
 pubis. 
 
 Pectin {pek'-tin) [7tf)Kxbc, congealed]. A white, 
 amorphous carbohydrate contained in ripe 
 fleshy fruits and in certain roots, and believed 
 to be formed from the pectose found in unripe 
 fruits by the action of acids. Syn., Vegetable 
 jelly. 
 
 Pectinate {pek'-tin-at) [pecten]. Arranged 
 like the teeth of a comb. P. Ligament, 
 fibers of connective tissue at the angle of 
 the anterior chamber of the eye, between the 
 iris and the cornea. P. Muscles, the mus- 
 culi pectinati, muscular ridges in the auricles 
 of the heart. 
 
 Pectineal {pek-tin-e' -al) [pecten]. i. Comb- 
 shaped. 2. Pertaining to the pecten or os 
 pubis. P. Line, that part of the iliopecti- 
 neal line found on the os pubis. 
 
 Pectineus {pek-tin-e' -us) . See under Muscle. 
 
 Pectiniform {pek-tin' -if-orm) [pecten; forma, 
 a form,]. Comb-shaped. 
 
 Pectoral {pek'-tor-al) [pectus, breast], i. Per- 
 taining to the chest, as the pectoral muscles. 
 2. Useful in diseases of the chest. 3. A 
 remedy useful in diseases of the chest. 
 
 Pectoralis {pek-tor-a'-lis). See under Muscle. 
 
 Pectoriloquy {pek-tor-iV -o-kwe) [pectus, breast; 
 loqui, to speak]. The distinct transmission 
 of articulate speech to the ear on ausculta- 
 tion. It may be heard over cavities in the 
 lung, over areas of consolidation near a large 
 bronchus, over a pneumothorax when the 
 opening in the lung is patulous, and over 
 some pleural effusions. P., Aphonic. 1. 
 The sound heard in auscultating a lung in 
 which there is a cavity. 2. The sound heard 
 in auscultation in pleuritic effusion when the 
 subject speaks in a low tone. P., Whisper- 
 ing, the transmission of the whispered words 
 to the auscultating ear. The sounds seem 
 to emanate directly from the spot auscul- 
 tated. 
 
 Pectose {pek'-tos) [tztjktoc, congealed]. A com- 
 pound occurring in unripe fruits, and giving 
 rise to pectin. 
 
 Pectus (pek'-tus) [L., "breast"]. The chest 
 or breast. P. carinatum, a narrow chest 
 projecting anteriorly in the region of the 
 sternum. Syn., Keeled breast; Pigeon-breast. 
 
 Pedal {pe'-dal) [pes, foot]. Pertaining to the 
 foot. 
 
 Pedatrophia, Pedatrophy {ped-at-ro' -fe-ah, 
 ped-at' -ro-fe) [r.a'cg, child; atrophy]. 1. 
 Any wasting disease of childhood. 2. Tabes 
 mesenterica. 
 
 Pederasty {ped'- er - as - te) [na'cc, boy; ipaar^c, 
 lover. Sexual intercourse through the anus. 
 
 Pedesis {pe-de'-sis). See Brownian Move- 
 ment. 
 
 Pedialgia {pe-de-al' -je-ah) [rczd'cov, foot; aXyoc;, 
 pain]. Pain in the foot. 
 
 Pediatrics, Pediatry {pe-de-at'-riks, pe-di'-at- 
 re) [na'cc, child; carps ca, therapeutics]. The 
 branch of medicine dealing with the diseases 
 of children. 
 
 Pedicle {ped'-ik-l) [pediculus, dim. of pes, 
 
 foot]. 1. A slender process acting as a foot 
 or stem, as the pedicle of a tumor. 2. Of 
 a vertebra, the portion of bone projecting 
 backward from each side of the body and 
 connecting the lamina with the body. P., 
 Vertebral. See Pedicle (2). P., Vitelline, 
 the pedicle uniting the umbilical vesicle to the 
 embryo. 
 Pedicterus {ped-ik' -ter-us) [nacc, a child; "ckxe- 
 
 pog, jaundice]. Icterus neonatorum. 
 Pedicular {ped-ik' -u-lar) [pedicle]. 1. Per- 
 taining to a pedicle; peduncular. 2. [pedic- 
 ulus, louse.] Lousy. 3. Belonging to the genus 
 Pediculus. 
 Pediculation {ped-ik-u-la' -shun) [pediculus]. 
 The state of one suffering from pedicu- 
 losis. 
 Pediculin '{ped-ik' -u-lin) [pediculus]. A pro- 
 prietary insecticide said to consist of lime- 
 stone, 65 %, and crude naphthalin, 35 %. 
 Pediculofrontal {ped-ik-u-lo-fronf -al) . Relat- 
 ing to the pedicles of the frontal convolu- 
 tions. 
 Pediculoparietal {ped-ik-u-lo-par-i'-et-al). Re- 
 lating to the pedicles of the cerebral convolu- 
 tions and the parietal region. 
 Pediculophobia {ped-ik-u-lo-fo' -be-ah) [pedicu- 
 lus; <f)6(3oc, fear]. Morbid dread of lice. 
 Pediculosis {ped - ik - u - lo' - sis) [pediculus]. 
 Lousiness; a skin affection characterized by 
 the presence of pediculi or lice. 
 Pediculus {ped-ik! -u-lus) [L., "a louse"]. A 
 small parasitic hemipterous insect, the louse. 
 P. capitis, the head-louse. P. corporis, the 
 body-louse. P. pubis, a species infesting 
 the pubic region of unclean persons, occasion- 
 ally spreading over other hairy parts of the 
 body — eyebrows, axillas, etc. Syn., Crab- 
 louse. P. vestimenti. Synonym of P. 
 corporis. 
 Pedicure {ped'-ik-ur) [pes, foot; cura, care]. 
 
 1. Care of the feet. 2. A chiropodist. 
 Pediluvium {ped-il-u' -ve-um) [pes, foot ; lavare, 
 
 to wash]. A foot-bath. 
 Pedion, Pedium {pe'-de-on, -urn) [na~tc, child]. 
 1. A child; also, a fetus. 2. [neocov, sole.] 
 The sole of the foot. 
 Peduncle {pe'-dung-kl) [pedunculus, dim. of 
 pes]. A narrow part acting as a support. 
 P., Cerebellar, Inferior, one of two bands of 
 white matter passing up from the medulla 
 oblongata, connecting the medulla with the 
 cerebellum, and forming the lower lateral 
 wall of the fourth ventricle. P., Cerebellar, 
 Middle, one of the bands of white matter 
 joining the pons and the cerebellum. P., 
 Cerebellar, Posterior. Synonym of P., 
 Cerebellar, Inferior. P., Cerebellar, Su- 
 perior, one of the two bands of white matter 
 that pass from the cerebellum to the testes of 
 the corpora quadrigemina. P., Cerebral, 
 the cms cerebri. P. of the Pineal Gland, 
 a delicate white band passing forward from 
 each side of the pineal gland along the 
 edge of the third ventricle. 
 Peduncular {ped-ung' -ku-lar) [peduncle]. Per- 
 taining to a peduncle. 
 
PEGMATIC 
 
 737 
 
 PELVIS 
 
 Pegmatic (peg-mat' -ik) [iriffjia, a concrement]. 
 Pertaining to or producing coagulation. 
 
 Peino therapy (pi-no-ther'-ap-e) [izeeva, hunger; 
 6e panda, cure]. The cure of disease by de- 
 privation of food. 
 
 Pekelharing's Theory of Blood-coagulation. 
 Thrombin (fibrin-ferment) is composed of 
 nucleoalbumin and calcium; the calcium 
 leaves the nucleoproteid and unites with 
 fibrinogen, the compound of the two being 
 fibrin. 
 
 Pelada, Pelade (pel'-a-dah, pel-ahd') [Ft.], i. 
 Alopecia areata of the scalp. 2. A disease 
 resembling pellagra, due to eating infected 
 maize. 
 
 Pelage (pel-ahj') [j>ilus, the hair]. The hairy 
 system of the body. 
 
 Pelagin (pel'-aj-in). A proprietary remedy for 
 sea-sickness, said to "consist of a solution of 
 antipyrin, caffein, and cocain. 
 
 Pelargonic Acid (pel-ar-gon'-ik) [neXapjoc, a 
 stork], C 9 H 18 2 . A monobasic crystalline 
 acid obtained from the essential oil of Pelar- 
 gonium roseum and from other oils. It is 
 employed in the flavoring of wines. 
 
 Pelatina (pel-at-i'-nah). See Pelada (2). 
 
 Pelicochirometresis (pel-ik-o-ki-ro-met-re' -sis) 
 {ksXckt), a wooden bowl; /sip, the hand; 
 [ikrpov, a measure]. Digital pelvimetry. 
 
 Pelioma (pel-e-o' -mah) [rcsXtajfia, a livid spot]. 
 A livid spot, as seen in peliosis. 
 
 Peliosis (pel-e-o' -sis) [see Pelioma]. Purpura. 
 P. rheumatica, purpura rheumatica; a dis- 
 ease characterized by a purpuric rash, with 
 arthritis and fever. 
 
 Pellagra (pel-a'-grah) [nkXXa, skin; ay pa, 
 a seizure]. A disease occurring in Italy, 
 southern France, and Spain, and attributed 
 to the use of diseased maize. It is charac- 
 terized in the early stages by debility, spinal 
 pains, and digestive disturbances; later ery- 
 thema develops, with drying and exfoliation 
 of the skin. In severe cases various nervous 
 manifestations arise, such as spasms, ataxic 
 paraplegia, and mental disturbances. In 
 cases presenting ataxic paraplegia the spinal 
 cord has shown combined posterior and 
 lateral sclerosis. Syn., Lombardian leprosy. 
 
 Pellagracein (pel-a-gra'-se-in) [pellagra]. A 
 poisonous substance found in decomposed 
 corn-meal, and believed to cause pellagra. 
 
 Pellagrazein, Pellagrocein, Pellagrozein 
 (pel-a-gra'-ze-in, -gro'-se-in, -gro'-ze-in). See 
 Pellagracein. 
 
 Pellentia (pel-en' -she-ah) [pellere, to drive]. 
 Abortifacient drugs. 
 
 Pellet (pel'-et) [pila, ball]. A small pill. 
 
 Pelletierin (pel-et'-e-er-in), C 8 H 13 NO. A liquid 
 alkaloid obtained together .with an isomeric 
 body, iso pelletierin, also a liquid alkaloid, 
 from pomegranate-bark. It is used as a 
 teniafuge, chiefly in the form of the tannate. 
 P. Hydrobromid, used in paralysis of the 
 eye-muscles. Dose 4-6 gr. (0.25-0.4 Gm.). 
 P. Hydrochlorate, used as a teniafuge. 
 Dose 4^-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). P. Sulfate, 
 used as an anthelmintic. Dose 6 gr. (0.4 
 
 Gm.) with 8 gr. (0.52 Gm.) of tannin in 1 oz. 
 (30 Cc.) of water, followed by a cathartic. 
 P. Tannate (pelletierince tannas, U. S. P.), 
 a mixture of the tannates of four alkaloids ob- 
 tained from Punica granatum. Dose 4 gr. 
 (0.25 Gm.). 
 
 Pellicle (pel'-ik-l) [pellis, skin]. A thin mem- 
 brane, film, scum, or cuticle. 
 
 Pellitory (pel'-it-or-e). See Pyre thrum. 
 
 Pellotin (pel'-ot-in), C 13 H 19 N0 3 . An alkaloid 
 from the Mexican cactus, Anhalonium wil- 
 liamsi; it is a hypnotic, and is used chiefly 
 in the form of the hydrochlorate. Dose §-i 
 gr. (0.056-0.06 Gm.); subcutaneously \-\ 
 gr. (0.02-0.048 Gm.). 
 
 Pelmatic (pel-mat' -ik) [nkXp.a, sole]. Relating 
 to the sole of the foot. 
 
 Pelohemia (pe-lo-he'-me-ah) [tctjXoc, mud; o.}p.a, 
 blood]. Excessive thickness of the blood. 
 
 Pelopathy (pe-lop'-ath-e). The treatment of 
 diseases by the application of mud. 
 
 Pelotherapy (pe-lo-ther'-ap-e). See Pelopathy. 
 
 Peltation (pel-ta'-shun) [niXrr), a shield]. The 
 protection afforded by inoculation with a 
 serum. 
 
 Pelvic (pel'-vik) [pelvis]. Pertaining to the 
 pelvis. P. Abscess, a suppurative inflam- 
 mation of the connective tissue of the pelvic 
 cavity, most common in women, and usually 
 associated with puerperal or gonorrheal 
 infection. P. Arch. Same as P. Girdle. 
 P. Cellulitis, inflammation of the connective 
 tissue of the pelvis. P. Girdle, the arch 
 formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis, or 
 in the higher vertebrates by the two innomin- 
 ate bones. P. Index, the relation of the 
 anteroposterior to the transverse diameter of 
 the pelvis. P. Inlet, the superior strait. P. 
 Outlet, the inferior strait. P. Region, the 
 region within the true pelvis. 
 
 Pelvifixation (pel-ve-fiks-a'-shun). Surgical 
 fixation of a misplaced pelvic organ. 
 
 Pelvimeter (pel-vim' -et-er) [pelvis; p.kxpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 pelvic dimensions. 
 
 Pelvimetry (pel-vim' -et-re) [see Pelvimeter]. 
 The measurement of the dimensions of the 
 pelvis. 
 
 Table of Measurements of the Female Pelvis 
 Covered by the Soft Parts. 
 
 Between iliac spines 26 cm. 
 
 Between iliac crests 29 " 
 
 External conjugate diameter 20^ " 
 
 Internal conjugate diagonal \2% " 
 
 True conjugate, estimated 11 " 
 
 Right diagonal 22 " 
 
 Left diagonal 22 " 
 
 Between trochanters 31 " 
 
 Circumference of pelvis 90 " 
 
 Pelviperitonitis (pel-vi-per-i-ton-i'-tis) [pelvis; 
 peritonitis]. Pelvic peritonitis. 
 
 Pelvirectal (pel-vi-rek'-tal). Relating to the 
 pelvis and the rectum. 
 
 Pelvis (pel' -vis) [L., "a basin"]. 1. A basin 
 or basin-shaped cavity, as the pelvis of the 
 kidney. 2. The bony ring formed by the 
 two innominate bones and the sacrum and 
 coccyx. 3. The cavity bounded by the bony 
 
PELVIS 
 
 738 
 
 PELVIS 
 
 pelvis. The pelvis consists of two parts — 
 the true pelvis and the false pelvis, which are 
 separated by the iliopectineal line. The 
 
 bounded by the symphysis pubis, the 
 tip of the coccyx, and the two ischiums. 
 In measuring the pelvis the cardinal points 
 
 Female Pelvis, Seen from the Front. 
 
 
 Female Pelvis, Viewed in the Axis of the Brim. 
 Showing the diameters of the superior strait. 
 
 Outlet of Pelvis. 
 Anteroposterior and transverse diameters of outlet seen from below. 
 
 entrance of the true pelvis, corresponding 
 to this line, is known as the inlet or superior 
 strait; the outlet or inferior strait is 
 
 of Capuron are used as landmarks. They 
 are the two iliopectineal eminences and the 
 two sacroiliac joints, P. aequabiliter justo 
 
A 
 
 PELVIS 
 
 739 
 
 PELVIS 
 
 major, one equally enlarged in all diameters. to the middle of the anteroposterior diameter. 
 P. aequabiliter justo minor, a pelvis with P., Beaked, one in which the pubic bones are 
 
 Male Pelvis, Seen from the Front. 
 
 Kyphotic Pelvis. 
 
 Infantile Pelvis, Viewed in the Axis of the Brim. 
 
 all its diameters reduced below the normal. compressed laterally so as to approach each 
 P., Axis of {of inlet or outlet), a perpendicular other, and are pushed forward; a condition 
 
PELVIS 
 
 740 
 
 PELVIS 
 
 Oblique Pelvis. 
 From ankylosis of the hip-joint and disuse of the right leg. 
 
 Oblique Pelvis of Naegele. 
 
 Renieorm Rachitic Pelvis. 
 
 
PELVIS 
 
 741 
 
 PELVIS 
 
 seen in osteomalacia. P., Brim of, the en- 
 trance to the pelvic cavity, called the inlet, 
 
 superior strait, margin, 
 
 isthmus. P., 
 
 Diameters of, imaginary lines drawn be- 
 tween certain bony points. (a) Of the inlet: 
 the anteroposterior (sacropubic, or conjugate), 
 from the upper edge of the promontory of 
 the sacrum to a point \ of an inch below the 
 upper border of the pubic sym- 
 physis; it measures n cm.; the 
 transverse, from side to side at the 
 widest point, measuring 13^ cm.; the 
 oblique (right and left), measuring 
 I2f cm. (b) Of the outlet: the 
 anteroposterior, from the tip of the 
 coccyx to the subpubic ligament, 
 measuring 9^ cm.; the transverse, 
 between the ischial tuberosities, meas- 
 uring 11 cm.; the oblique, from the 
 under surface of the sciatic ligaments 
 to the junction of the ischiopubic 
 rami. P., Floor of, the mass of skin, 
 connective tissue, muscles, and fascia 
 forming the inferior boundary of the 
 pelvis. P., Justomajor. SeeP.cequa- 
 biliter justo major. P., Justominor. 
 See P. cequabiliter justo minor. P., Kyphotic, 
 one characterized by increase of the conjugate 
 diameter of the inlet, but decrease of the 
 transverse diameter of the outlet, through 
 approximation of the tuberosities of the 
 ischium. P., Naegele's Oblique, a pelvic 
 deformity with ankylosis of one sacroiliac 
 synchondrosis, lack of development of the 
 associated lateral sacral mass, and other 
 
 of,' imaginary surfaces touching all points of 
 the circumference. The plane of pelvic ex- 
 pansion perforates the middle of the sym- 
 physis, the tops of the acetabulums, and the 
 sacrum between the second and third verte- 
 bras. Its anteroposterior diameter is 1 2f cm. ; 
 its transverse diameter is 12^ cm. The plane 
 of pelvic contraction passes through the 
 
 Figure-of-eight Rachitic Pelvis. 
 
 tip of the sacrum, the spines of the ischiums, 
 and the under surface of the symphysis. Its 
 anteroposterior diameter is 11 % cm.; its 
 transverse diameter is io| cm. P., Rach- 
 itic, one characterized by a sinking in and 
 forward of the sacrovertebral angle, with a 
 flaring outward of the iliac crests and in- 
 creased separation of the iliac spines. P., 
 Robert's, one in which there is an ankylosis 
 
 Transversely Contracted Pelvis of Robert. 
 
 defects that distort the diameters and render 
 the conjugate oblique in direction. P., 
 Obliquity of, P., Inclination of, the angle 
 between the axis of the pelvis and that of the 
 body. P., Osteomalacic, a distorted pelvis 
 characterized by a lessening of the transverse 
 and oblique diameters, with great increase 
 of the anteroposterior diameter. P., Planes 
 
 Rostrated Osteomalacic Pelvis in Early Stage of 
 Deformity. 
 
 of both sacroiliac joints, with a rudimentary 
 sacrum, both lateral sacral masses being un- 
 developed, the oblique and transverse diam- 
 eters being much narrowed. P., Simple 
 Flat, one in which the only deformity consists 
 in a shortening of the anteroposterior diam- 
 eter. P. spinosa, a rachitic pelvis in which 
 the crest of the pubis is very sharp, and 
 
PELVISACRUM 
 
 742 
 
 PEPO 
 
 presents a spine at the insertion of the psoas 
 parvus. P., Split, a form in which there is 
 congenital separation of the pubic bones at 
 the symphysis. It is often associated with 
 exstrophy of the bladder. 
 
 Pelvisacrum (pel-ve-sa'-krum). The pelvis 
 and sacrum taken conjointly. 
 
 Pelvitrochanterian {pel-ve-tro -kan - te'- re - an) . 
 Relating to the pelvis and the great trochanter 
 of the femur. 
 
 Pemphigoid (pern' - fig - oid) [see Pemphigus]. 
 Resembling or having the nature of pemphi- 
 gus. 
 
 Pemphigus (pem'-fig-us) [nijifaZ, a blister]. 
 An acute or chronic disease of the skin char- 
 acterized by the appearance of bullas or blebs. 
 P. foliaceus, a rare form characterized by 
 crops of flaccid blebs containing a turbid 
 fluid. The disease is usually of long duration, 
 but eventually ends fatally. P. neonatorum, 
 an acute form occurring in infants and sup- 
 posed to be due to a microorganism. P. 
 syphiliticus, a bullous eruption due to syph- 
 ilis. P. vegetans, an affection characterized 
 by sore mouth, followed by some form of 
 dermatitis attended by vesication and then 
 by papillary growths, gradual emaciation, 
 and death. Syn., Neumann'' s Disease. P. 
 vulgaris, a form that is usually chronic, the 
 blebs appearing in successive crops; on heal- 
 ing they leave a pigmented spot, i Itching 
 and pain may be present. 
 
 Pendjeh Sore. See Furunculus orientalis. 
 
 Pendulous {pen' -du-lus) [pendcre, to hang]. 
 Hanging down loosely. 
 
 Penetrating (pen' '-e-tra-ting) [see Penetration]. 
 Entering beyond the surface. P. Wound, 
 one that pierces the wall of a cavity or enters 
 an organ. 
 
 Penetration (pen-e-tra' -shun) [penetrare, to 
 pierce], i. The act of penetrating or pierc- 
 ing into. 2. Of a microscope, the focal 
 depth. 3. The entrance of the penis into the 
 vagina. 
 
 Pengawar, Penghawar Djambi. The long 
 soft hairs, used as a mechanic styptic, 
 obtained from rhizomes of various ferns of 
 Sumatra and Java, particularly from the 
 genus Cibotium. 
 
 Penicillate (pen'-is-il-dt) [penicillus, a painter's 
 brush or pencil]. Shaped like a pencil of 
 hairs. 
 
 Penicillium (pen-is-iV -e-um) [see Penicil- 
 late]. A genus of fungi, . of which the 
 Penicillium glaucum, or common blue-mold, 
 is a familiar example. 
 
 Penile (pe'-nil) [penis]. Pertaining to the penis. 
 
 Penis (pe'-nis) [L.]. The male organ of 
 copulation. It consists of the corpus spongi- 
 osum, inclosing the urethra, the two corpora 
 cavernosa, largely composed of erectile tissue, 
 and the glans. P. lipodermus. See Para- 
 phimosis. P. palmatus, one inclosed by 
 the skin of the scrotum. Syn., Webbed penis. 
 
 Penitis (pe-ni'-tis) [penis; czee, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the penis. 
 
 Penniform (pen'-if-orm) [penna, feather; forma, 
 
 form]. Shaped like a feather; said of certain 
 muscles. 
 
 Pennyroyal (pen-e-roi'-al). See Hedeoma. 
 
 Pennyweight (pen' -e-wdt) [AS., pening, penny; 
 wegan, weigh]. A weight of 24 grains. 
 
 ^Penology (pe-noV '-o-je) [noevrj, penalty; hoyoc, 
 science]. The science treating of crime, its 
 punishment and prevention; ' the study of 
 the management of prisons, etc. 
 
 Pentad (pen'-tad) [izkvxe, five]. An element or 
 radicle having a valence of five. 
 
 Pental (pen'-tal) [nhrs, five], C 5 H 10 . Tri- 
 methylethylene; it is used as an anesthetic. 
 
 Pentamethylendiamin (pen-tah-meth-il-en-di'- 
 am-in). See Cadaverin. 
 
 Pentane (pen'-tdn) [nivze, five], C 5 H 12 . Thc 
 fifth member of the paraffin series of hydrocar- 
 bons. It is a liquid and occurs in naphtha. 
 
 Pentavalent (pen - tav' - al - ent) [nhzs, five; 
 valens, having power]. Quinquivalent. 
 
 Pentene (pen' -ten) [nkvze, five], C 5 H ]0 . Amylene, 
 one of the olefin series of hydrocarbons. 
 
 Pentosan (pen' -to-san) . A complex carbohy- 
 drate capable of forming a pentose by hy- 
 drolysis. 
 
 Pentosazon (pen-to' -saz-on). A body occurring 
 in urine, possessing marked reducing quali- 
 ties, but incapable of fermentation; it 
 represents an abnormity in the total metabol- 
 ism of the body. 
 
 Pentose (pen'-toz) [nivzs, five]. Any one 
 of a class of carbohydrates containing five 
 atoms of carbon. The pentoses are not fer- 
 mentable, and on boiling with dilute hydro- 
 chloric acid yield furfurol, C 5 H 4 2 . 
 
 Pentosuria (pen-to-su' -re-ah) [pentose; oupov, 
 urine]. The presence of pentose in the urine. 
 Urine containing pentose reduces Fehling's 
 solution, but does not ferment. 
 
 Pentyl (pen' -til) [kevze^ five; 3^, matter], 
 C 5 H n . A univalent hydrocarbon. P. Hy- 
 drid. See Amyl Hydrid. 
 
 Penzoldt's Test for Acetone. Treat a warm 
 saturated solution of orthonitrobenzaldehyd 
 with the liquid to be tested for acetone, and 
 alkalinize with sodium hydroxid. If acetone 
 is present, the liquid becomes first yellow, 
 then green, and lastly indigo separates, which 
 may be dissolved with a blue color on shaking 
 with chloroform. P.'s Test for Glucose 
 in Urine, to a few cubic centimeters of urine 
 add some caustic potash, and enough of a 
 weakly alkaline solution of diazobenzol 
 sulfonic acid to equal the amount of urine. 
 Shake for one-fourth to one-half of an hour 
 to produce foam. A light Bordeaux-red or 
 yellowish-red coloration will result, with a 
 red foam. 
 
 Penzoldt and Fischer's Test for Phenol. 
 Treat a strongly alkaline solution of phenol 
 with a solution of diazobenzol sulfonic acid; 
 a deep red coloration is produced. 
 
 Peotomy (pe-ot'-o-me) [xsoc, penis; Topuf), z. 
 cutting]. Amputation of the penis. 
 
 Pepo (pe'-po) [tcetzojv, ripe; mellow]. Seed of 
 the pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo; it is a tenia- 
 fuge. 
 
PEPORESIN 
 
 743 
 
 PERCOLATION 
 
 Peporesin (pe-po-rez'-in). A hard substance in 
 the husk of pumpkin-seeds; it is a vermicide. 
 
 Pepper (pep'-er) [piper, from Skt., pippala]. 
 The fruit of various species of Piper, of the 
 order Piper acece. P., Black, the piper of the 
 U. S. P.; piper nigrum of the B. P., contains a 
 neutral principle, piperin (piperina, U. S. P.), 
 an acrid resin, and a volatile oil, and is used 
 as a condiment and as a carminative stimu- 
 lant, and to a slight extent is antiperiodic. 
 Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.). P., Cayenne. 
 See Capsicum. P., Oleoresin of (oleoresina 
 piperis, U. S. P.). Dose \-i min. (0.016- 
 0.065 Cc). P., White, similar to black 
 pepper, but less active. 
 
 Peppermint. See Mentha piperita. 
 
 Pepsin [nii/icf, digestion]. A ferment found 
 in the gastric juice, and capable of digesting 
 proteids in the presence of an acid. It splits 
 albumin into antialbumose and hemialbu- 
 mose, the former of which it separates into two 
 molecules of antipeptone, while the latter is 
 acted upon by trypsin and split into two 
 molecules of hemipeptone. Pepsin is used in 
 medicine to aid digestion. The pepsinum 
 of the U. S. P. and B. P. is obtained from the 
 stomach of pigs. Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 
 Gm.). Pepsinum saccharatum, pepsin 
 mixed with sugar of milk. Pepsini, Vinum, 
 contains 0.3% of hydrochloric acid. Dose 
 |-i oz. (16-32 Cc). 
 
 Pepsinogen (pep-sin'-o-jen) [pepsin; ytwav, to 
 beget]. The antecedent substance or zymo- 
 gen of pepsin, present in the cells of the gastric 
 glands, and which during digestion is con- 
 verted into pepsin. 
 
 Peptic (pep'-tik) [pepsin]. 1. Pertaining to 
 pepsin. 2. Pertaining to digestion. P. 
 Glands, the glands situated in the cardiac 
 and middle thirds of the stomach, and secret- 
 ing pepsin and hydrochloric acid. P. Ulcer, 
 the round ulcer of the stomach, due to erosion 
 of the mucous membrane by the gastric juice. 
 
 Peptogenic {pep-to-jen' -ik) [pepsin; yswdv, to 
 produce]. Producing pepsin or peptones. 
 
 Peptomangan (pep-to-man' '-gan). A proprie- 
 tary compound said to consist of iron, man- 
 ganese, and peptone; used in tuberculosis, 
 etc. 
 
 Peptone (pep'-ton) [nkzxetv, to cook]. A proteid 
 body formed by the action of ferments on 
 albumins during gastric and pancreatic di- 
 gestion. It may be considered a hydrated 
 albumin. Before the final formation of pep- 
 tone several similar intermediate compounds 
 are produced, as hemipeptone and antipep- 
 tone. See Pepsin. Amphopeptone is a mix- 
 ture of these two. Propeptone or hemi- 
 albumose is a mixture of several intermediate 
 products. Parapeptone is also an intermedi- 
 ate product of digestion and is closely allied 
 to syntonin. Gelatin-peptone is a peptone 
 formed in the digestion of gelatin. Peptones 
 are soluble, readily diffusible, are not pre- 
 cipitated by boiling, by nitric acid, or by 
 potassium ferrocyanid; they are precipitated 
 by mercury bichlorid, by tannic acid, and by 
 
 phosphomolybdic acid; they give Millon's 
 test, and the xanthoproteic and biuret reac- 
 tions; they are levorotatory. P., Albumin-, 
 a light yellow powder obtained from white of 
 egg by action of pepsin with a little hydro- 
 chloric acid; used as a nutrient. P. Anhy- 
 drid. See Albuminate. P., Beef, true 
 peptone from beef; a light brown powder, 
 soluble in water, used as a nutrient in 
 dyspepsia. P., Casein, peptonized casein 
 from milk; a yellow, hygroscopic powder 
 used as a nutrient. P., Milk. See P., 
 Casein. P. Powder, a nutrient containing 
 91 % of peptone. P.s, Test for. See Ho}- 
 meister. 
 
 Peptonemia (pep-to-ne' -me-ah) [peptone; alfia, 
 blood]. The presence of peptone in the 
 blood. 
 
 Peptonization (pep-to-ni-za'-shun) [peptone]. 
 The process of converting proteids into 
 peptones. 
 
 Peptonize (pep'-to-nlz) [peptone]. To digest with 
 pepsin; to predigest; to convert into peptones. 
 
 Peptonuria (pep-to-nu' -re-ah) [peptone; oupov, 
 urine]. The presence of peptones in the urine. 
 
 Peptosin (pep' -to -sin). A proprietary prepara- 
 tion of pepsin. 
 
 Peptothyroid (pep-to-thi'-roid). A proprietary 
 peptonized preparation of thyroid extract. 
 
 Peptotoxin (pep-to-toks'-in) [peptone; ro£- 
 ckov, a poison]. A poisonous ptomain found 
 in peptones and in putrefying albuminous 
 substances, such as fibrin, casein, brain, liver, 
 and muscle. P., Cholera, a toxic substance 
 generated by the cholera bacillus, and 
 chemically allied to peptone. 
 
 Per [L.]. A preposition meaning through. P. 
 anum, by way of the anus. P. OS, by the 
 mouth. P. rectum, by the rectum. P. vagi- 
 nam, by the vagina. P. viam, by the way of. 
 
 Peracidity (per-as-id'-it-e) [per, very; acidus, 
 acid]. Excessive acidity. 
 
 Peracute (per-ak-uf) [per, very; acutus, sharp]. 
 Very acute. 
 
 Perarticulation (per-ar-tik-u-la'-shun) [per; 
 articulation]. Synonym of Diarthrosis. 
 
 Perception (per-sep'-shun) [per, capere, to 
 receive]. 1. The act of receiving impres- 
 sions through the medium of the senses. 
 2. The faculty receiving such impres- 
 sions. 
 
 Perchlorate (per -Ho' -rat). See under Per- 
 chloric Acid. 
 
 Perchlorhydria (per-klor-hi' -dre-ah) . See Hy- 
 perchlorhydria. 
 
 Perchloric Acid (per-klo'-rik) [per; xAcopoc, 
 green], HC10 4 . The highest oxyacid of 
 chlorin. It is a volatile liquid decompos- 
 ing in contact with organic substances, and 
 forming salts called perchlorates . 
 
 Percolate (pcr'-ko-lat) [percolare, to strain 
 through]. 1. To submit to the process of 
 percolation. 2. The solution obtained by 
 percolation. 
 
 Percolation (per-ko-la'-shun) [see Percolate]. 
 The process of extracting the soluble con- 
 stituents of a substance by allowing the 
 
PERCUSSION 
 
 744 
 
 PERICARDITIS 
 
 solvent to trickle through a powdered mass 
 placed in a long conic vessel — the percolator. 
 
 Percussion (per-kush'-un) [percutere, to strike 
 through]. A method of physical diagnosis 
 applied by striking upon any part of the 
 body, with a view to ascertaining the condi- 
 tions of the underlying organs by the character 
 of the sounds elicited. P., Auscultatory, 
 percussion combined with auscultation. It is 
 best performed by placing a double stetho- 
 scope at a fixed point and percussing gently 
 all around. P., Immediate, percussion in 
 which the surface is struck directly, without 
 the interposition of a pleximeter. P., In- 
 strumental, the use of a special hammer as a 
 plexor, either alone or with a plate as a 
 pleximeter. P., Mediate, percussion in 
 which a pleximeter is used. P. -wave, the 
 term given to the chief ascending wave of the 
 sphygmographic tracing. 
 
 Percutaneous (per-ku-ta' -ne-us) [per; cutan- 
 eous]. Performed through the skin, as 
 percutaneous faradization. 
 
 Pereirin (per-i'-rin). An amorphous alkaloid 
 found in the bark of Geissospermum Iceve. Its 
 hydrochlorate and valerianate are used as 
 antipyretics. 
 
 Perencephalia, Perencephaly (per-en-sef-a'- 
 le-ah, per-en-se}' -al-e) [xypa, a pouch; eyne^aXoc;, 
 brain]. A condition marked by multiple 
 cystic brain tumors. 
 
 Perez's Sign. A loud friction-murmur heard 
 over the sternum when the patient raises his 
 arms, especially the left, over his head and 
 lets them fall again; it is noted in cases of 
 aneurysm of the arch of the aorta and in 
 mediastinal tumors. 
 
 Perflation {per- fla' -shun) [perflare, to blow 
 through], i. A method of ventilation by 
 which a current of air blowing against a 
 dwelling is made to force its way in. 2. The 
 act of forcing air into a cavity for the purpose 
 of evacuating fluid. 
 
 Perforans (per'-for-anz) [perforate]. Penetrat- 
 ing or perforating, a term applied to a muscle 
 or nerve perforating a part. 
 
 Perforate {per' -for -at) [per; forare, to bore]. 
 In biology, pierced with small holes. 
 
 Perforated (per' -for-a-ted) [perforate]. Pierced 
 through. P. Space, a part of the base of the 
 brain pierced with many small holes for the 
 passage of blood-vessels. The anterior per- 
 forated space is situated on the inner side of 
 the fissure of Sylvius; the posterior perforated 
 space, between the corpora albicantia in front, 
 the pons behind, and the crura cerebri on 
 either side. 
 
 Perforating (per'-for-a-ting) [perforate]. Pierc- 
 ing. P. Ulcer. See Ulcer, Perforating. 
 
 Perforation (per- for-a' -shun) [perforate]. 1. 
 The act of piercing or boring into a part; 
 especially the piercing of the fetal head during 
 labor. 2. A hole made through a part or the 
 wall of a cavity. 
 
 Perforator (per' -for-a-tor) [perforate]. An in- 
 strument for boring through the fetal skull; 
 also for perforating other bones. 
 
 Perforatus (per-for-a'-tus) [perforate]. Perfor- 
 ated, applied to a muscle which is perforated 
 by another muscle or by a nerve. 
 
 Perfusion (per-fu'-zhun) [per; fundere, to pour]. 
 A pouring of fluid into or through. 
 
 Peri- (per-e-) [nepi, around]. A prefix signifying 
 around or surrounding. 
 
 Periacinous (per-e -as' -in-us) [peri-; acinus, a 
 grape]. Lying around an acinus. 
 
 Perialgia (per-e-al'-je-ah) [peri, very; alyoc, 
 pain]. A condition of excruciating pain. 
 
 Perialienitis (per-e -dl-yen-i'-tis) [peri-; alieni- 
 tas, causes of disease extraneous to the body]. 
 Noninfectious inflammation due to a foreign 
 body. Syn., Perialienitis cirrhosa. 
 
 Perianal (per-e-a'-nal) [peri-; anus]. Situated 
 or occurring around the anus. 
 
 Periappendicitis (per-e-ap-en-dis-i'-tis). In- 
 flammation of the tissue around the vermiform 
 appendix. 
 
 Periarteritis (per-e-ar-ter-i'-tis) . Inflammation 
 of the external sheath of an artery. P. 
 nodosa, a thickening of the arterial coats in 
 localized areas, producing nodular swellings. 
 
 Periarthritis (per-e-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the tissues about a joint. 
 
 Periarticular (per-e-ar-tik'-u-lar). About a 
 joint. 
 
 Periaxial (per-e-aks'-e-al) [peri-; axis]. Sur- 
 rounding an axis. P. Neuritis, inflammation 
 of the myelin sheath but not of the axis- 
 cylinder of a nerve. 
 
 Periaxillary (per-e-aks'-il-a-re). Around the 
 axilla. 
 
 Periaxonal (per-e-aks'-on-al) [peri-; axon]. 
 Around an axon. 
 
 Periblast (per' -e-blast) [peri-; ftlaoxbc, a germ]. 
 The protoplasm surrounding the nucleus of a 
 cell; periplast. 
 
 Periblepsia, Periblepsis (per-ib-lep'-se-ah, -sis) 
 [peri-; ftUizztv, to look]. The wild look of 
 a patient in delirium. 
 
 Peribronchial (per-e-brong'-ke-al) [peri-; bron- 
 chus]. Surrounding a bronchus; occurring 
 about a bronchus. 
 
 Peribronchitis (per-e-brong-ki'-tis). Inflam- 
 mation of the tissue immediately surrounding 
 the bronchi. 
 
 Pericardiac, Pericardial (per-e-kar'-de-ak, 
 per-e-kar'-de-al) [pericardium]. Pertaining to 
 the pericardium. 
 
 Pericardicentesis (per-e-kar-de-sen-te'-sis) [peri- 
 cardium; Kkvrqotc, a pricking]. Puncture of 
 the pericardium. 
 
 Pericardiopleural (per-e-kar-de-o-plu'-ral) . Re- 
 lating to the pericardium and to the pleuras. 
 
 Pericardiotomy (per-e-kar-de-ot'-o-me). See 
 Pericardotomy. 
 
 Pericarditis (per-e-kar-di'-tis) [pericardium; 
 ncc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 pericardium. The symptoms are slight fever, 
 precordial pain and tenderness, cough, dysp- 
 nea, and rapid pulse. The physical signs 
 vary — in the early stage there is a distinct 
 friction-sound on auscultation, and sometimes 
 a fremitus on palpation. In the stage of 
 effusion there are bulging of the precordia 
 
PERICARDIUM 
 
 745 
 
 PERIHYSTERIC 
 
 and a triangular area of dulness, the base of 
 which is downward; the heart-sounds are 
 muffled. In chronic pericarditis with adhe- 
 sions there is often systolic retraction of the 
 precordia. The causes of pericarditis are 
 rheumatism, the acute and chronic infectious 
 diseases, Bright's disease, and extension of 
 inflammation from neighboring parts. P., 
 Adhesive, that in which the two layers of peri- 
 cardium tend to adhere. P., Carcinomatous, 
 that due to carcinoma of the pericardium. 
 P., Dry, a form without effusion. P., Fi- 
 brinous, a form in which the membrane is 
 covered with a fibrinous exudate, first soft 
 and buttery in consistence, but later organiz- 
 ing. P., Hemorrhagic, a form in which the 
 fluid is hemorrhagic. This is the case most 
 often in tuberculous pericarditis, also in 
 scorbutus and in cachectic conditions. P., 
 Localized, a form giving rise to whitish 
 areas, the socalled milk-spots. P., Moist, 
 that attended by an effusion. P., Purulent, 
 a variety in which the effused fluid becomes 
 purulent. P., Serofibrinous, a form in 
 which there is but little lymph or fibrin, but 
 a considerable quantity of serous fluid. P. Tu- 
 berculous, a form due to tuberculous infection 
 of the pericardium. P., Typhoid, that in which 
 there are high fever and typhoid symptoms. 
 
 Pericardium (per-e-kar' -de-um) [peri-; mpdca, 
 heart]. The closed membranous sac envelop- 
 ing the heart. Its base is attached to the 
 central tendon of the diaphragm; its apex 
 surrounds for a short distance the great vessels 
 arising from the base of the heart. It con- 
 sists of an outer fibrous coat, derived from 
 the cervical fascia, and an inner serous coat. 
 The sac normally contains from 5 to 20 Gm. 
 of clear serous liquid. The part in contact 
 with the heart (visceral pericardium) is termed 
 the epicardium; the other is the parietal 
 pericardium. P., Bread-and-butter, a pe- 
 culiar appearance produced in fibrinous peri- 
 carditis by the rubbing of the two surfaces 
 of the membrane over each other. P., 
 Shaggy, a pericardium upon which, as the 
 result of fibrinous pericarditis, thick, loose, 
 shaggy layers of fibrin are deposited. 
 
 Pericardosis (per-e-kar-do'-sis). Microbic in- 
 fection of the pericardium. 
 
 Pericardotomy (per-e-kar -dot' '-o-me) [pericar- 
 dium; TOftr), a cutting]. The operation of 
 opening the pericardium. 
 
 Pericecal (per-e-se'-kal) [peri-; cecum]. Sur- 
 rounding the cecum. 
 
 Pericementitis (per -e- sem - ent - i' - tis) [peri-; 
 cemenlum, cement; cue, inflammation]. Fau- 
 chard's disease; progressive necrosis of the 
 dental alveoli. 
 
 Pericementum (per-e-sem-ent f -um). A dense 
 fibrous tissue covering the fang of a tooth. 
 
 Perichondritis (per-e-kon-dri'-tis) [perichon- 
 drium; exec, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the perichondrium. 
 
 Perichondrium (per-e-kon'-dre-um) [peri-; %6v- 
 dpoc, cartilage]. The fibrous connective 
 tissue covering the surface of cartilage. 
 
 Perichord (per' -ik-ord) [peri-; %opdr), cord]. 
 The sheath of the notochord. 
 
 Pericolitis (per-e-ko-li'-tis) [peri-; colitis]. In- 
 flammation of the tissues around the 
 colon. 
 
 Pericolpitis (per-e-kol-pi' '-tis) . See Paracol- 
 pitis. 
 
 Periconchitis (per-e-kon-ki'-tis) [peri-; koyxt), 
 the socket of the eye]. Inflammation of the 
 periosteum or lining membrane of the 
 orbit. 
 
 Pericorneal (per-e-kor' '-ne-al) [peri-; cornea]. 
 Surrounding the cornea. 
 
 Pericoxitis (per-e-koks-i' -tis) . Coxitis extend- 
 ing to the adjacent tissues. . . 
 
 Pericranial (per-e-kra' -ne-al) [pericranium]. 
 Pertaining to the pericranium. 
 
 Pericranium (per-e-kra' -ne-um) [peri-; upav'cov, 
 skull]. The periosteum of the skull. 
 
 Pericystitis (per-e-sis-ti'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the peritoneum or the connective tissue 
 surrounding the bladder. 
 
 Pericystium (per-e-sis' -te-um) [peri-; kuotcc, 
 a cyst]. The vascular wall of a cyst. 
 
 Pericytial (per-e-sil'-e-al) [peri-; kutoc, a cell]. 
 Surrounding a cell. 
 
 Peridectomy (per-e-dek'-to-me). Synonym of 
 Peritomy. 
 
 Peridental (per-e-den'-tal) [peri-; dens, a 
 tooth]. Surrounding a tooth or its root; 
 periodontal. 
 
 Peridesmium (per-e-dez'-me-um) [peri-; deap.de, 
 a band]. The delicate membrane that in- 
 vests a ligament. 
 
 Peridiastole (per-e-di-as'-to-le) [peri-; diastole]. 
 The pause between the systole and diastole. 
 
 Perididymis (per-e-did' -im-is) [peri-; dedupoe, 
 a testicle]. The tunica albuginea testis. 
 
 Perididymitis (per-e-did-im-i'-tis) [perididymis; 
 exce, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 perididymis. 
 
 Periencephalitis (per-e-en-sef-al-i'-tis). Inflam- 
 mation of the pia mater. 
 
 Periencephalomeningitis (per -e -en-se} - al- 
 o-men-in-ji'-tis). See Periencephalitis. 
 
 Periendothelioma (per-e-en-do-the-le-o'-mah). 
 A tumor originating in the endothelium of 
 the lymphatics and the perithelium of the 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Periepithelioma (per-e-ep-e-the-le-o'-mah). A 
 tumor originating in the endothelium lining 
 the blood-vessels or lymphatics. 
 
 Perigastritis (per-e-gas-tri'-lis). Inflammation 
 of the peritoneal coat of the stomach. 
 
 Periglandulitis (per-e-gland-u-W -tis). Inflam- 
 mation of the tissues about a small gland. 
 
 Periglottis (per-e-glot'-is) [peri-; yXcuttcc, the 
 tongue]. The mucous membrane or villous 
 coating of the tongue. 
 
 Perihepatitis (per-e-hep-at-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
 tion of the peritoneum surrounding the 
 liver. 
 
 Periherniary, Perihernious (per-e-her'-ne-a-re, 
 -ne-us). Applied to tissue immediately about 
 a hernia. 
 
 Perihysteric (per-e-his-ter'-ik) [peri-; uaripa, 
 the womb]. Around the uterus; periuterine. 
 
PERIKARYON 
 
 746 
 
 PERIODOLOGY 
 
 Perikaryon (per-e-kar' -e-on) [peri-; napuov, a 
 nut]. The cytoplasm of a neuron. 
 
 Perilymph (per' -e-limf) . The fluid separating 
 the membranous from the osseous labyrinth 
 of the ear. 
 
 Perilymphatic (per-e-lim-fat'-ik). i. Pertain- 
 ing to the perilymph. 2. Situated or occur- 
 ring about a lymphatic vessel.' 
 
 Perimadarous (per-e-mad' '-ar-us) [peri-; fiad- 
 apbc, bald]. Applied to a spreading ulcer 
 with the epiderm peeling off before its advance. 
 
 Perimastitis (per-e-mast-i'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the connective tissue surrounding the mam- 
 mary gland. 
 
 Perimeningitis (per-e-men-in-ji' -tis) . Inflam- 
 mation of the dura mater. 
 
 Perimeter (per-im'-et-er) [peri-; pkxpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 extent of the field of vision. It consists 
 ordinarily of a flat, narrow, metal plate bent 
 in a semicircle, graduated in degrees, and 
 fixed to an upright at its center by a pivot, 
 on which it is movable. Variously colored 
 discs are moved along the metal plate, and 
 the point noted at which the person, looking 
 directly in front of him, distinguishes the 
 color. 
 
 Perimetritis (per-e-met-ri'-tis) [perimetrium; 
 exec, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 peritoneal covering of the uterus. 
 
 Perimetrium (per-e-me' -tre-um) [peri-; firjrpa, 
 the womb]. The serous covering of the uterus. 
 
 Perimetrosalpingitis (per-e-met-ro-sal-pin-ji'- 
 tis). A collective name for periuterine in- 
 flammations. 
 
 Perimetry {per-im' -et-re) [perimeter]. The 
 measuring of the field of vision. 
 
 Perimyelitis (per-e-mi-el-i'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the pia mater of the spinal cord. 
 
 Perimyoendocarditis (per-e-mi-o-en-do-kar-di'- 
 tis). Combined pericarditis, myocarditis, 
 and endocarditis. 
 
 Perimysium (per-e-mis'-e-um) [peri-; p.uc, 
 muscle]. The connective tissue enveloping 
 the primary bundles of muscle-fibers. 
 
 Perineal (per-in-e' -al) [perineum]. Pertaining 
 to the perineum. P. Body, the mass of tissue 
 composed of skin, muscle, and fascia, occupy- 
 ing the interval between the vagina and the 
 rectum of the woman. P. Cystotomy, 
 cystotomy performed through a perineal 
 incision. P. Fossa, the ischiorectal fossa. 
 P. Hernia, a hernia perforating the perineum 
 by the side of the rectum or between the 
 rectum and the bladder or the vagina. P. 
 Section, incision through the perineum for 
 the relief of urethral stricture, the removal of 
 calculi from the bladder, or the relief of 
 other morbid conditions. 
 Perineo- (per-in-e-o-) [perineum]. A prefix 
 
 meaning relating to the perineum. 
 Perineocele (per-in-e' -o-sel) [perineo-; ktjXtj, 
 
 hernia]. Perineal hernia. 
 Perineocolporectomyomectomy (per-in-e-o- 
 kol-po-rek-to-mi-o-mek' -to-me) . Excision of 
 a myoma by incision of the perineum, vagina, 
 and rectum. 
 
 Perineoplasty (per-in-e' -o-plas-te) [perineo-; 
 TzXb.aas.tv, to form]. Plastic operation upon 
 the perineum. 
 Perineorrhaphy (per-in-e-or'-a-je) [perineo-; 
 pacfir), suture]. Suture of the perineum, usu- 
 ally for the repair of a laceration caused 
 during childbirth. 
 Perineoscrotal (per-in-e-o-skro'-tal). Relating 
 
 to the perineum and scrotum. 
 Perineotomy (per-in-e-ot'-o-me) [perineo-; 
 Top.7], a cutting]. Incision through the peri- 
 neum. 
 Perineovaginal {per-in-e-o-vaf '-in-al) . Relat- 
 ing to the perineum and vagina. 
 Perineovaginorectal (per-in-e-o-vaj-in-o-rek'- 
 tal). Relating to the perineum, vagina, 
 and rectum. 
 Perinephric (per-e-ne)'-rik) [peri-; ve(f)pbc, 
 kidney]. Situated or occurring around the 
 kidney, as perinephric abscess. 
 Perinephritic (per-e-nef rit' -ik) [perinephritis]. 
 1. Pertaining to perinephritis. 2. Improp- 
 erly used instead of perinephric. 
 Perinephritis (per-e-nef -ri' -tis). Inflammation 
 
 of the tissues surrounding the kidney. 
 Perinephrium (per-e-nef -re-um) [peri-; vecfipbc, 
 kidney]. The connective and adipose tis- 
 sue surrounding the kidney. 
 Perinephros (per-e-nef -ros). See Perineph- 
 rium. 
 Perineum (per-in-e' -urn) [neplvatov, the peri- 
 neum]. That portion of the body included 
 in the outlet of the pelvis, bounded in fror 
 by the pubic arch, behind by the coccyx and 
 great sacrosciatic ligaments, and at the side 
 by the tuberosities of the ischium. It is oc- 
 cupied by the terminations of the rectum, 
 the urethra, and the root of the penis, to 
 gether with their muscles, fascias, vessels, 
 and nerves. 
 Perineuritis (per-e-nu-ri'-tis) [perineurium, 
 ace, inflamm^rion]. Inflammation of the 
 perineurium. 
 Perineurium ^per-e-nu' -re-um) [peri-; veupov, 
 a nerve]. The connective-tissue sheath invest- 
 ing a funiculus or primary bundle of nerve- 
 fibers. 
 Perinuclear (per-e-nu'-kle-ar). Surrounding 
 
 the nucleus. 
 Periocular (per-e-ok'-u-lar) [peri-; oculus, eye]. 
 Surrounding the eye. P. Space, the space 
 between the globe of the eye and the orbital 
 walls. 
 Period (pe'-ri-od) [peri-; bdbc, way]. The 
 space of time during which anything is in 
 progress or an event takes place. P., In- 
 cubation-. See Incubation (2). P., Men- 
 strual, P., Monthly, the menses. 
 Periodic (pe-ri-od' -ik) . Recurring at more or 
 
 less regular intervals. 
 Periodicity (pe-ri-od-is'-it-e) [period]. Recur- 
 rence at regular intervals. 
 Periodocasein (pe-re-o-do-ka'-ze-in). A pro- 
 prietary compound of iodin and casein, used 
 in myxedema. 
 Periodology (pe-re-od-ol'-o-je) [period; Xbyoc, 
 science]. The sum of what is known con- 
 
PERIODONTAL 
 
 747 
 
 PERIPLOCIN 
 
 cerning the tendency of certain diseases and 
 morbid phenomena to recur at stated periods. 
 ! Periodontal (per-e-o-don' -tal) [peri-; odouc, 
 tooth]. Surrounding a tooth, as the perio- 
 dontal membrane, that lining the cement of 
 a tooth. 
 ; Periodontitis (per-e-o-don-ti'-tis) [periodontium; 
 euc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 periodontal membrane. 
 I Periodontium (per - e - o -don' -she-um) [peri-; 
 odooc, tooth]. The membrane surrounding 
 a tooth; the periodontal membrane. 
 I Periddoscope (pe-re-od' -o-skop) [period; oko- 
 nslv, to inspect]. A calendar in the form of 
 a movable dial, used in determining the 
 probable date of confinement. 
 
 Periomphacous (per-e-om' -fak-us) [peri-; 6/i<j)a- 
 k(o§7jc, like unripe grapes]. Immature, unripe ; 
 applied to abscesses. 
 
 Perion (per'-e-on) [peri-; Cdbv, egg]. The 
 
 decidua. 
 
 Perionychium (per-e-on-ik'-e-um) [peri-; bvu^, 
 nail]. The border of epiderm at the root 
 of the nail. 
 
 Perioophoritis (per -e-o-of-or- i'-tis) [peri-; 
 oophoron; cue, inflammation] Inflammation 
 of the peritoneum and connective tissue cov- 
 ering the ovary. 
 
 Perioophorosalpingitis (per-e-o-ofor-o-sal-pm- 
 ji'-tis) [peri-; oophoron; salpinx; crcg, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the tissues surround- 
 ing the ovary and oviduct. 
 
 jPeriophthalmic (per-e-of-thaV -mik) . Around 
 
 f- the eye. 
 
 Perioptometry (per - e - op - tom'-et-re) [peri-; 
 dnxoc, visible; nkxpov, a measure]. The 
 measurement of the limits of the visual field. 
 
 Periorbita (per-e-or'-bit-ah) [peri-; orbita, or- 
 bit]. The periosteum of the eye-socket. 
 
 Periorbital (per-e-or -bit-al) . i. Surrounding 
 
 ■t the orbit. 2. Pertaining to the periorbita. 
 
 Periorchitis (per-e-or-ki'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the tissues surrounding the testicle. P. 
 prolifera, periorchitis associated with pro- 
 liferation of the connective-tissue elements 
 of the tunica albuginea. 
 
 Periost (per'-e-ost). Same as Periosteum. 
 
 Periosteal (per-e-os' -te-al) [periosteum]. Per- 
 taining to the periosteum. 
 
 Periosteitis (per-e-os-te-i' -lis). See Periostitis. 
 
 Periosteomedullitis, Periostomedullitis. See 
 Periosteoosteomyelitis. 
 
 Periosteoosteomyelitis (per-e-os-te-o-os-te-o- 
 mi-el-i' -tis) [periosteum; osteomyelitis]. In- 
 flammation of the periosteum and medulla 
 of a bone. 
 
 Periosteotome (per-e-os' -te-o-tom) [periosteum; 
 to/jlt}, a cutting]. An instrument for incising 
 the periosteum and scraping it from the 
 bone. 
 
 Periosteotomy (per-e-os-te-ot'-o-me) [see Peri- 
 osteotome]. The operation of incising the 
 periosteum. 
 
 Periosteum (per-e-os' -te-um) [peri-; dorkov, 
 bone]. A fibrous membrane investing the 
 surfaces of bones, except at the points of 
 tendinous and ligamentous attachment and 
 
 on the articular surfaces, where cartilage is 
 substituted. 
 
 Periostitis (per-e-os-ti'-tis) [periosteum; ace, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the perios- 
 teum. It may be acute or chronic, the latter 
 being the more frequent form. Acute peri- 
 ostitis is either traumatic or the result of 
 infection; the chronic is due to traumatism, 
 syphilis, tuberculosis, or actinomycosis. In 
 the acute there are swelling and diffuse sup- 
 puration, with fever and other constitutional 
 symptoms; in the chronic, pain, which is 
 usually worse at night, swelling, and tender- 
 ness. P. albuminosa, a mild form of in- 
 flammation characterized by the formation 
 of a clear, ropy, albuminous liquid resembling 
 synovia. It is most common in the young, 
 and is unaccompanied by fever. P., Hem- 
 orrhagic, that accompanied by bleeding be- 
 tween the periosteum and the bone. 
 
 Periostosis (per-e-os-to'-sis) [peri-; ooxkov, 
 bone]. An osseous formation on the exterior 
 of a bone. 
 
 Periotic (per-e-o'-tik) [peri-; ouc, ear]. 1. Situ- 
 ated about the ear. 2. Of or pertaining to 
 the parts immediately about the internal ear. 
 3. The petrous and mastoid parts of the 
 temporal bone. 
 
 Periovaritis (per-e-o-var-i'-tis). See Peri- 
 oophoritis. 
 
 Peripachymeningitis (pere-e-pak-e-men-in-ji'- 
 tis) [peri-; pachymeningitis]. Inflamma- 
 tion of the connective tissue between the 
 dura mater and the bone. 
 
 Peripancreatitis (per-e-pan-kre-at-i'-tis). In- 
 flammation of the tissues about the pancreas. 
 
 Periphacus (per-if-a'-kus) [peri-; (f>a/<6c, crys- 
 talline lens]. The capsule surrounding the 
 crystalline lens. 
 
 Peripherad (per-if -er-ad) [periphery; ad, 
 toward]. Toward the periphery. 
 
 Peripheral, Peripheric (per-if -er-al, per-i- 
 fer'-ik) [periphery]. Pertaining to or placed 
 near the periphery. 
 
 Peripheraphose (per-if -er-a-foz). See under 
 Phose. 
 
 Peripherocentral (per-if-er-o-sen'-iral). Re- 
 lating to the center and periphery. 
 
 Peripherophose (per-if -er-o-foz). See under 
 Phose. 
 
 Periphery (per-if -er-e) [peri-; fiipscv, to carry]. 
 Circumference; the external surface. 
 
 Periphlebitis (per-e-fleb-i'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the tissues about a vein. 
 
 Periplast (per' -e-plasf) [peri-; TiXaaaecv, to 
 mold]. The protoplasm of a cell surrounding 
 the nucleus; cell-protoplasm. 
 
 Peripleuritis (per-e-plu-ri'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the tissues surrounding the pleura. 
 
 Periploca (per-ip'-lo-kah) [peri-; nXknecv, to 
 twine]. A genus of plants of the order 
 Asclepiadece. P. grceca is a European species 
 naturalized in western New York. The 
 leaves are used as an emollient; the milky 
 juice has been used to poison animals; the 
 bark contains a glucosid, periplocin. 
 
 Periplocin (per-ip'-lo-sin), C 30 H 48 O 12 . A crys- 
 
PERIPNEUMONIA 
 
 748 
 
 PERITONEUM 
 
 talline glucosid from the bark of Periploca 
 grcBca. It is a powerful cardiac poison used 
 subcutaneously in heart disease. Maximum 
 daily dose -g 1 ^ gr. (o.ooi Gm.). 
 Peripneumonia {per-e-nu-mo' -ne-ah) . i. Pneu- 
 monia. 2. Pleuropneumonia. 
 Peripolar (per-e-po'-lar) [peri-; pole]. Sur- 
 rounding a pole or the poles. 
 Periportal (per-e-por'-tal) [peri-; porta, door]. 
 Surrounding the portal vein. P. Carcinoma, 
 a primary carcinoma developing around the 
 portal vein, beginning at its entrance into 
 the liver, thence extending along the portal 
 vessels to the remotest branches. 
 Periproctitis (per-e-prok-ti'-tis). Inflamma- 
 tion of the areolar tissue about the rectum 
 or anus. 
 Perirectal (per-e-rek'-tal) [peri-; rectum]. About 
 
 the rectum. 
 Perirectitis (per-e-rek-ti'-tis). See Periproc- 
 titis. 
 Perirenal {per-e-re' -nal) [peri-; ren, kidney]. 
 
 Around the kidney. 
 Perisalpingitis (per-e-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Inflam- 
 mation of the peritoneal covering of the 
 fallopian tube. 
 Perisalpingoovaritis (per-e-sal-pin-go-o-va-ri' '- 
 
 tis). ' See Perioophorosalpingitis. 
 Periscelis {per-is'-kel-is) [peri-; o/<iXoc, leg]. 
 Herpes occurring around the leg where the 
 garter binds it. 
 Periscleritis (per-e-skle-ri'-tis). See Episcle- 
 ritis. 
 Periscopic (per-e-skop'-ik) [peri-; okowuv, to 
 see]. Designed for looking around, as a 
 periscopic lens. See Lens, Periscopic. 
 Perisinal, Perisinous, Perisinuous (per-e-sV- 
 nal, -nus, -sin'-u-us). Surrounding a 
 sinus. 
 Perisinuitis, Perisinusitis (per-e-si-nu-i'-tis, 
 -si' -tis). Inflammation of the tissue about a 
 sinus. 
 Perisplenitis {per-e-splen-i'-tis). Inflammation 
 
 of the peritoneal coat of the spleen. 
 Perispondylitis (per-e-spon-dil-i'-tis). Inflam- 
 mation of the tissues around a vertebra. P., 
 Gibney's, a painful condition of the muscles 
 of the spine. 
 Perissad (per'-is-ad) [nepioooc, odd], i. Hav- 
 ing an odd quantivalence, as nitrogen, the 
 quantivalence of which is three or five. 2. An 
 element having such a quantivalence. 
 Peristalsis (per-e-stal'-sis) [peri-; ozaXocc, con- 
 striction]. A peculiar wave-like movement 
 seen in tubes provided with longitudinal and 
 transverse muscular fibers. It consists in a 
 narrowing and shortening of a portion of the 
 tube, which then relaxes, while a lower portion 
 becomes shortened and narrowed. By means 
 of this movement the contents of this tube 
 are forced toward the opening. P., Re- 
 versed, peristaltic movement opposite to the 
 normal direction. 
 Peristaltic (per-e-stal'-tik) [peristalsis]. Per- 
 taining to or resembling peristalsis. P. Un- 
 rest, a common symptom of neurasthenia, 
 consisting in increased peristaltic movements 
 
 of the stomach coming on shortly after eating, 
 with borborygmus and gurgling. 
 Peristaphyline (per-e-staf'-il-in) [peri-; oxa(f>- 
 
 oXtj, uvula]. Situated near the uvula. 
 Peristaphylitis (per-e-staj -il-i' -tis) [peri-; ozacj)- 
 uXi), uvula; ace, inflammation]. Inflamma- 
 tion of the tissues surrounding the uvula. 
 Peristerna (J>er-e-ster'-nah) [peri-; sternum]. 
 A name for the lateral portions of the 
 chest. 
 Peristroma (per-e-stro'-mah) [peri-; arpajpia, 
 covering]. The internal layer of a tube -like 
 covering. The villous coat of the intestine. 
 Perisystole (per-e-sis'-to-le). The slight in- 
 terval between the diastole and systole. 
 Peritendineum (per-e -ten-din' -e-um) [peri-; 
 tendo, tendon]. The tissue surrounding the 
 tendons like a sheath. 
 Perithelioma (per-e-the-le-o'-mah). A tumor 
 
 originating in the perithelium of a vessel. 
 Perithelium (per-e-the'-le-um) [peri-; df)Xi), 
 nipple]. The layer of cells surrounding the 
 capillaries and smaller vessels. 
 Peritome (per-it'-om-e) [peri-; roptrj, a cutting]. 
 
 Circumcision. 
 Peritomy {per-it'-om-e) [see Peritome]. 1. The 
 removal of a strip of conjunctival and sub- 
 conjunctival tissue from about the cornea 
 for the relief of pannus. 2. Circumcision. 
 Peritoneal (per-e-ton-e'-al) [peritoneum]. Per- 
 taining to the peritoneum. 
 Peritoneopexy (per-it-on-e-o-peks'-e) [perito- 
 neum; XT)£cc, a fixing in]. Fixation of the 
 uterus by the vaginal route in the treatment 
 of retroflexions of this organ. 
 Peritoneum (per-it-on-e'-um) [peri-; rscvecv, 
 to stretch]. The serous membrane lining 
 the interior of the abdominal cavity and 
 surrounding the contained viscera. In trac- 
 ing its extension we may begin at the dia- 
 phragm and take two layers. From the dia- 
 phragm two layers of peritoneum proceed to 
 the liver; they separate to inclose that or- 
 gan, meet again on its under aspect, and 
 pass on, as the gastrohepatic omentum, to the 
 lesser curvature of the stomach. They em. 
 brace the stomach, and, meeting again at its 
 greater curvature, pass down in front of the 
 small intestine, forming the great omentum. 
 They are then reflected upward as far as the 
 transverse colon, which they inclose, meeting 
 again at the back of the colon, and proceed- 
 ing to the spine as the transverse mesocolon. 
 Here the two layers diverge: the upper as- 
 cends in front of the pancreas to the under 
 surface of the diaphragm, the starting-point; 
 the lower layer is reflected from the spine, 
 over the small intestine, as the mesentery. 
 From the root of the mesentery it passes into 
 the pelvis, invests the upper part of the rec- 
 tum, and is thence reflected on the bladder, 
 forming between the two the rectovesical 
 pouch. In the woman it is reflected from 
 the rectum to the upper part of the vagina, 
 and thence over the uterus, from which it 
 proceeds to the bladder. From the bladder 
 it passes up the anterior wall of the abdomen 
 
PERITONISM 
 
 749 
 
 PERONEAL 
 
 to the diaphragm. The following structures 
 are completely invested by peritoneum: the 
 stomach, liver, spleen, first portion of the 
 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, 
 sigmoid flexure, the upper part of the rectum 
 and of the uterus, and the ovaries. 
 
 Peritonism {per' ' -it-on-izm) . i. A false peri- 
 tonitis soon yielding to treatment. 2. A com- 
 plex of serious phenomena complicating peri- 
 tonitis or diseases of those parts covered 
 by peritoneum. 
 
 Peritonitis (per-it-on-i' -Us) [peritoneum; tree, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the peri- 
 toneum. It may be acute or chronic. Acute 
 peritonitis may be due to exposure to cold 
 and wet {idiopathic peritonitis), traumatism, 
 perforation of an abdominal viscus, exten- 
 sion from neighboring parts, rheumatism, or 
 Bright's disease. The symptoms are mod- 
 erate fever, a wiry pulse, abdominal pain, 
 tenderness, and distention; the patient lies 
 on his back with the thighs flexed; there 
 are vomiting and constipation. Chronic peri- 
 tonitis is due to tuberculosis, syphilis, car- 
 cinoma, nephritis, or it may be the sequel 
 of an acute attack. P., Adhesive, peritonitis 
 with adhesion between the parietal and vis- 
 ceral layers. P., Diffuse, that affecting the 
 entire peritoneum. P., Parietal, inflamma- 
 tion of the serous fining of the peritoneal 
 cavity. P., Permeation, that produced by 
 the penetration of the healthy intestinal wall 
 by bacteria. P., Puerperal, that following 
 labor, and usually due to septic infection. 
 P., Septic, peritonitis due ' to the micro- 
 organisms of suppuration. P., Serous, P. 
 serosa, that accompanied by liquid exuda- 
 tion. 
 
 Peritonsillar {per-e-ton' -sil-ar) [peri-; tonsil]. 
 About the tonsil. 
 
 Pertrochanteric {per-e-tro-kan-ter f -ik). Situ- 
 ated about a trochanter. 
 
 Perityphlitis {per-e-tif-li'-tis). Inflammation of 
 the peritoneum surrounding the cecum. 
 
 Periumbilical {per-e-um-bil'-ik-al). Surround-- 
 ing the umbilicus. 
 
 Periureteric {per-e-u-re-ter' -ik) [peri-; ureter]. 
 Surrounding the ureters. 
 
 Periureteritis {per-e-u-re-ter-i f -tis). Inflamma- 
 tion of the tissues around a ureter. 
 
 Periurethritis {per-e-u-re-thri' -tis) [peri-; ure- 
 thra; cue, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 the connective tissue about the urethra. 
 
 Periuterine {per-e-u'-ter-in) [peri-; uterus]. 
 About the uterus. 
 
 Perivaginitis {per-e-vaj-in-i' '-tis) . Synonym of 
 Paracolpitis. 
 
 Perivascular {per-e-vas'-ku-lar). About a ves- 
 sel. 
 
 Perixenitis {per-e-zen-i' '-tis) [peri-; $ivoc, a 
 stranger; nee, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 around a foreign body embedded in the tis- 
 sues. 
 
 Perkinism {per' -kin-izm) . A method of em- 
 piric treatment devised by Elisha Perkins, 
 a Connecticut physician. It consisted in 
 drawing over the affected part the extremities 
 
 01 two rods (metallic tractors; of different 
 metals. Syn., Tractoration. 
 
 Perle {perl) [Fr. and Ger., "a pearl"; pi., 
 perles], A capsule for administration of medi- 
 cine. See Pearl. P.s, Laennec's, rounded 
 gelatinous masses of sputum seen in the early 
 stage of an attack of bronchial asthma. 
 
 Perleche (la) {lah pehr-ldsh) [Fr.]. A peculiar 
 contagious disease of the mouth occurring in 
 children. It consists in a thickening and 
 desquamation of the epithelium at the angles 
 of the mouth, with occasionally the formation 
 of small fissures, giving rise to a smarting 
 sensation in the lips. The disease is proba- 
 bly microbic in origin. 
 
 Perles' Anemia Bodies. Small, club-shaped, 
 actively motile bodies, from 3 to 4 jj. in length, 
 found by Perles in the blood in three cases 
 of pernicious anemia. 
 
 Perlia's Nucleus. See Nucleus, Spitzka's. 
 
 Perlsucht. See Pearl-disease. 
 
 Permanent {per' -man-ent) [per, through; man- 
 ere, to remain]. Lasting; fixed; enduring, 
 as permanent teeth. 
 
 Permanganate {per-man' -gan-at) . A salt of 
 permanganic acid. See Manganese. 
 
 Permanganic Acid {per-man-gan'-ik), HMn0 4 . 
 A monobasic acid known chiefly in its salts. 
 
 Permeable {per' -me-a-bl) [per, through; meare, ^ 
 to pass]. Capable of affording passage. P. 
 Stricture, a stricture that permits the pass- 
 age of an instrument. 
 
 Permixion {per -mik' -shun) [permiscere, to 
 mingle]. A perfect chemic mixture. 
 
 Pernambuco Wood. The wood of Ccesalpinia 
 echinata. It is used as an astringent and 
 roborant, and contains brasilin, a coloring- 
 matter. 
 
 Pernicious {per-nish'-us) [perniciosus, destruc- 
 tive]. Highly destructive; of intense sever- 
 ity; deadly; fatal. P. Anemia, a disease of 
 the blood characterized by a great diminution 
 in the number of red corpuscles, and a rela- 
 tively smaller diminution of the hemoglobin, 
 by the presence in the blood of poikilocytes, 
 macrocytes, microcytes, and nucleated red 
 corpuscles. A symptomatic pernicious an- 
 emia may be produced by parasites in the 
 intestinal canal, by atrophy of the gastric 
 mucous membrane, and by hemorrhage. The 
 nature of primary pernicious anemia is still 
 obscure. Most writers believe that the dis- 
 ease is dependent upon increased hemolysis, 
 *. e., blood-destruction. The disease most 
 common in middle fife is usually fatal, al- 
 though recoveries are reported in several 
 instances. P. Malaria. See under Malarial 
 Fever. P. Vomiting, persistent, uncontroll- 
 able vomiting occurring in pregnancy. 
 
 Pernio {per'-ne-o) [L.]. Synonym of Chilblain. 
 
 Peromoplasty {pe-rom' -o-plas-te) [nrjpcofia, a 
 maiming; TzXb.aas.tv, to form]. The formation 
 of a new stump after an amputation when 
 the end of a bone projects. 
 
 Perone {per'-o-ne) [nspovrj, pin]. The fibula. 
 
 Peroneal {per-o-ne' -al) [perone]. Pertaining 
 to the fibula. 
 
PERONEUM 
 
 750 
 
 PETIT' S CANAL 
 
 Peroneum (per-o-ne'-um). Synonym of 
 Per one. 
 
 Peroneus (per-o-ne' -us) [see Perone]. Pertaining 
 to the fibula. P. Muscles. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Peronin (per-o'-nin), C 24 H 25 N0 3 . CHI. Ben- 
 zylmorphin hydrochlorate ; a substitution- 
 product of morphin possessing feeble nar- 
 cotic properties, but useful as a somnifacient 
 and in allaying cough. Dose |-i| gr. (0.04- 
 0.1 Gm.); maximum daily dose 6 gr. (0.3 
 Gm.). 
 
 Peronospora (per-o-nos' -po-rah) \nzp6vi), a pin; 
 onopoc, spore]. A genus of fungi producing 
 mildew. P. ferrani is a species that was 
 supposed to cause cholera; P. lutea, one 
 that has been held to be the cause of yellow 
 fever. 
 
 Perosmic (per-oz'-mik). Containing osmium 
 as an octavalent radicle. P. Anhydrid, os- 
 mic acid; it is used infernally in mus- 
 cular rheumatism. Dose ^ T gr. (0.001 Gm.). 
 
 Perosomus (pe-ro-so'-mus) [n-qpog, maimed; 
 owpa, body]. A monster presenting mal- 
 formation of the entire body. 
 
 Peroxid (per-oks'-id) [per, through; oxid]. 
 That oxid of any base which contains the 
 most oxygen. 
 
 Peroxidate, Peroxidize (per-oks' '-id-at, per-oks' - 
 id-lz) [peroxid]. To oxidize completely. 
 
 Perplioation (per -plik-a' -shun) [per, through; 
 plicare, to fold]. The operation of turning 
 an incised vessel upon itself by drawing its 
 end through an incision in its own wall. 
 
 Perpoena (per-pe'-nah). A proprietary anal- 
 gesic said to be a coal-tar derivative. Dose 
 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Perseveration (per-sev-er-a 1 '-shun) [perseverare, 
 to persist]. A senseless repetition of plainly 
 spoken words or of imperfect speech. 
 
 Persistence-time. The period succeeding the 
 contraction of the ventricle of the heart, but 
 prior to the occurrence of relaxation. 
 
 Persodine (per' -so-den) . The proprietary name 
 for a solution of 2 parts of sodium persulfate 
 in 300 parts of water. 
 
 Personal (per' -son-al) [persona, a person]. 
 Pertaining to a person. P. Equation, the 
 peculiar difference of individuals in their 
 reaction to various orders of stimuli. 
 
 Perspiration (per-spir-a' '-shun) [perspire]. 1. 
 The secretion of sweat. 2. The sweat. P., 
 Insensible, that which takes place con- 
 stantly, the fluid being evaporated as fast 
 as excreted. P., Sensible, that accumulat- 
 ing in visible drops or beads; the sweat. 
 
 Perspire (per-spir') [perspirare, to breathe 
 everywhere]. To sweat. 
 
 Perstriction (per -strik' -shun) [per, through; 
 stringere, to bind]. The arrest of hemor- 
 rhage by ligating the bleeding vessel. 
 
 Persulfate (per-sul'-fat). The sulfate which 
 contains a greater proportion of the sulfuric 
 acid radicle than the other sulfates of the 
 same radicle. 
 
 Persulfid (pcr-sul'-fid). The compound of sul- 
 fur with an element or radicle which con- 
 
 tains more sulfur than the other compounds 
 of sulfur with the same element or 
 radicle. 
 
 Pertik's Diverticulum. See Diverticulum, 
 Pertik's. 
 
 Pertussin (per-tus'-in). A proprietary remedy 
 for whooping-cough said to consist of the 
 fiuidextract of thyme mixed with syrup to 
 procure an infusion in the strength of 1 : 7. 
 
 Pertussis (per-tus'-is). See Whooping-cough. 
 
 Perucognac (pe-ru-kon'-yak). A preparation 
 employed in tuberculosis said to consist of 
 the active principle of balsam of peru, 25 
 gr.; cinnamic acid, 10%, in a liter of cognac. 
 
 Peruol (pe'-ru-ol). A mixture of peruscabin 
 and castor-oil. It is used in scabies. 
 
 Peruscabin (pe-rw-ska' -bin) . Synthetic ben- 
 zoic-acid behzylester. It is used in scabies. 
 
 Peruvian (pe-ru'-ve-an) [Peru]. Pertaining to 
 Peru. P. Bark. See Cinchona. P. Wart. 
 See Verruga peruana. 
 
 Pervigilium (per-vij-il'-e-um) [per, through; 
 vigilium, a, watch]. Insomnia; wakefulness. 
 
 Pervious (per'-ve-us) [per, through; via, way]. 
 Open; permeable. 
 
 Pes (pez) [L.]. A foot or foot-like structure. 
 P. accessorius, the eminentia collateralis, 
 a smooth white eminence in the brain, situ- 
 ated at the junction of the posterior and de- 
 scending cornua of the lateral ventricle. P. 
 anserinus, goose's foot; the radiate branch- 
 ing of the facial nerve after its exit at the 
 side of the face. P. calcaneovalgus, talipes 
 calcaneovalgus. P. calcaneus, talipes. P. 
 cavus, P. excavatus, talipes cavus. P. 
 equinus, talipes equinus. P. hippocampi 
 major, the lower portion of the hippocam- 
 pus major. P. hippocampi minor. See 
 Hippocampus minor. P. oifactorius, the 
 inner root of the olfactory lobe. P. varus, 
 talipes varus. 
 
 Pessary (pes'-ar-e) [nzoobc, an oval-shaped 
 stone]. 1. An instrument placed in the vagina 
 to hold the uterus in position. 2. A vaginal 
 suppository. 
 
 Pestiferous (pes-tif'-er-us) [pestis, pest; ferre, 
 to bear]. Causing pestilence. 
 
 Pestilence (pes' -til-ens) [pest]. Any deadly 
 epidemic disease, especially the plague. 
 
 Pestilential (pcs-til-en'-shal) [pestilence]. Hav- 
 ing the nature of or producing a pestilence. 
 
 Pestle (pes'-l) [pistillum, a pounder]. The in- 
 strument with which substances are rubbed 
 in a mortar. 
 
 Petanelle (pet'-an-el). A patented preparation 
 of fibrous peat used as an absorbent. 
 
 Petechia (pet-e'-ke-ah) [It., peleche, a flea-bite]. 
 A small spot beneath the epidermis, due to 
 an effusion of blood. 
 
 Petechial (pet-e'-ke-al) [petechia]. Character- 
 ized by or of the nature of petechias. P. 
 Fever, typhus fever. 
 
 Peter's Law. Atheromatous changes in blood- 
 vessels are most likely to occur where there 
 are angles and projections. 
 
 Petit's Canal. See Canal of Petit. P.'s Hernia, 
 lumbar hernia. P.'s Ligament, the concave 
 
PETIT MAL 
 
 751 PFEIFFER'S GLANDULAR FEVER 
 
 fold formed back of the vagina by the union 
 of Douglas' ligaments. P.'s Sinus. See 
 Valsalva's Sinus. P.'s Triangle, the tri- 
 gonum lumbale. The space bounded in front 
 by the posterior border of the external ob- 
 lique, behind by the anterior border of the 
 latissimus dorsi, its base being formed by 
 the iliac crest. Lumbar hernia usually occurs 
 in this triangle. 
 
 Petit mal {pet-e mahl) [Fr., "little illness"]. 
 A slight epileptic seizure characterized by a 
 momentary, scarcely recognizable loss of con- 
 sciousness, often with an upward staring of 
 the eyes and fibrillary movements of the facial 
 muscles. 
 
 Petri's Capsules, P.'s Dishes, P.'s Saucers. 
 Shallow, cylindric, covered glass vessels for 
 bacteria culture, in which the colonies may 
 be counted without removing the cover. P.'s 
 Test for Proteids, a faint yellow coloration 
 is produced by treating a proteid or pep- 
 tone solution with a solution of diazobenzol- 
 sulfonic acid; but if the solution is rendered 
 alkaline by the addition of caustic alkali, the 
 color changes to orange or brown according to 
 concentration, and a red froth is formed on 
 shaking. 
 
 Petrifaction (pet-ri-fak' '-shun) [nhpa, a stone; 
 facere, to make]. Conversion into stone, as 
 petrifaction of the fetus, the formation of a 
 lithopedion. 
 
 Petrolatum (pet-ro-la'-tum) [petroleum]. A 
 jelly-like preparation obtained from the 
 residuum of petroleum, soluble in ether, in- 
 soluble in water and alcohol, and known 
 commercially as vaselin or cosmolin. It is 
 used as a basis for ointments and as an 
 emollient. P. album, white petrolatum. P. 
 liquidum (U. S. P.), liquid petrolatum. 
 
 Petroleum (pet-ro' -le-um) [nhpa, rock; oleum, 
 oil]. An oily liquid issuing from the earth 
 in various places, and consisting of a mix- 
 ture of hydrocarbons with small amounts of 
 oxidation-products. The hydrocarbons be- 
 long chiefly to the paraffin series. P.-jelly, 
 petrolatum. 
 
 Petrolization {pet-rol-i-za'-shun) [petroleum]. 
 The act or process of treating waters with 
 kerosene for the extermination of mosquitos. 
 
 Petrolize {pet'-rol-lz). To treat waters with 
 kerosene. 
 
 Petromastoid (pet -ro - mas' - toid) [petrosa; 
 mastoid]. Pertaining to the petrous and mas- 
 toid portions of the temporal bone. P. Canal, 
 a short passage connecting the mastoid sinuses 
 and the tympanic cavity. P. Foramen, the 
 tympanic orifice of the petromastoid canal. 
 
 Petrooccipital (pet -ro - ok-sip' - it - al) [petrosa; 
 occiput]. Pertaining to the petrous portion 
 of the temporal bone and to the occipital 
 bone. 
 
 Petrosa (pet-ro' -sah) [nhpa, rock]. The petrous 
 portion of the temporal bone. 
 
 Petrosal (pet-ro' -sal) [petrosa]. i. Pertaining to 
 the petrosa, as the petrosal sinus (superior 
 and inferior), petrosal nerves. 2. The pet- 
 rosa. 
 
 Petrosapol (pet-ro-sa'-pol) . A proprietary com- 
 bination said to consist of soap and certain 
 constituents of petroleum residue; used in 
 scalp diseases. 
 
 Petroselinum (pet-ro-se-li'-num). See Parsley. 
 
 Petrosomastoid (pet-ro-so-mas' -toid) . Syno- 
 nym of Petromastoid. 
 
 Petrosphenoid (pet -ro - sje' - noid) [petrosa; 
 sphenoid]. Pertaining to the petrous portion 
 of the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone. 
 P. Suture, the suture between the temporal 
 bone and the great wing of the sphenoid 
 bone. 
 
 Petrosquamosal, Petrosquamous (pet - ro - 
 skwa-mo'-sal, pet -ro - skwa' - mus) [petrosa; 
 squamosa]. Pertaining to the petrous and 
 squamous portions of the temporal bone. 
 P. Fissure, P. Suture, the line of juncture 
 of the squamous and petrous portions of 
 the temporal bone. P. Sinus, a venous pass- 
 age formed in the dura mater at the junc- 
 tion of the petrous and squamous portions 
 of the temporal bone. It opens into the lat- 
 eral sinus. 
 
 Petrosulfol (pet -ro - suV - Jol). A proprietary 
 product resembling ichthyol, but with less 
 disagreeable odor; used as is ichthyol. 
 
 Petrous (pe'-trus) [nhpa, rock]. 1. Stony; of 
 the hardness of stone, as the petrous portion 
 of the temporal bone. 2. See Petrosal (1). 
 
 Petrox (pet'-roks). A mixture of paraffin -oil, 
 100 parts; oleic acid, 50 parts; and alcoholic 
 ammonia solution, 25 parts; a substitute for 
 vasogen. 
 
 Pettenkofer's Soil-water or Ground-water 
 Theory. Cholera never prevails epidemic- 
 ally where the soil is impermeable to water, 
 or where the level of the soil-water is not 
 liable to fluctuations. P.'s Test for Bile 
 Acids, dissolve in concentrated sulfuric acid 
 a small quantity of bile in substance in a 
 small glass dish, or mix some of the liquid 
 containing the bile acids with concentrated 
 sulfuric acid and warm; in either case great 
 care must be exercised that the temperature 
 does not rise above 6o° to 70 C. Add drop 
 by drop a 10% solution of cane-sugar, con- 
 stantly stirring with a glass rod. In the 
 presence of bile a beautiful red coloration 
 is produced, which becomes bluish-violet in 
 the course of the day. This red liquid shows 
 an absorption band at F and another near 
 E, between D and E. 
 
 Peucine (pu'-sen) [neony, the fir]. Resin; pitch. 
 
 Peucinous (pu'-sin-us) [see Peucine]. Relat- 
 ing to or like the fir-tree; resinous. 
 
 Pexin (pek'-sin) [tzt)£c£, a curdling]. Rennin. 
 
 Pexinogen (peks-in' -o-jen) . See Renninogen. 
 
 Peyer's Glands, P.'s Patches. Aggregations 
 of lymph-follicles situated in the mucous 
 membrane of the lower part of the small in- 
 testine, opposite the mesenteric attachment. 
 
 Peyerian Fever. Typhoid fever. 
 
 Pfeiffer's Glandular Fever. An acute in- 
 fectious fever characterized by inflammatory 
 swelling of the lymph-glands, anemia, and 
 prostration. P.'s Reaction, the mixing of 
 
PFLUEGER'S LAW OF CONTRACTION 752 
 
 PHAKITIS 
 
 some of the peritoneal effusion provoked in a 
 guinea-pig by inoculating it with a mixture 
 of blood-serum of an animal immune to 
 cholera, and of bouillon to which a small 
 portion of a culture of the Spirillum cholera 
 asiaticce has been added, causes these organ- 
 isms to become nonmotile and to agglutinate. 
 The absence of this phenomenon proves that 
 the spirillum under investigation is of a dif- 
 ferent species. The same phenomenon has 
 been observed in the case of the typhoid 
 bacillus and typhoid antitoxic serum, and is 
 a valuable differential sign. 
 Pflueger's Law of Contraction. Galvanic 
 stimulation of a nerve causes muscular con- 
 traction, which varies uniformly according as 
 the kathode or the anode is applied, or as the 
 current is closed or opened. Certain devia- 
 tions from this law constitute the reaction of 
 degeneration. The law may be briefly stated 
 as follows: 
 
 Current 
 Strength. 
 
 KC 
 
 KO 
 
 AC 
 
 AO 
 
 Weak 
 
 C 
 C 
 Te 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 C 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 Strong 
 
 C 
 
 C, contraction; Te, tetanic contraction. 
 
 P.'s Law of Reflex Action, i. If stimula- 
 tion of a sensory nerve is followed by a uni- 
 lateral reflex movement, the latter always 
 occurs on the side to which the sensory nerve 
 belongs. 2. If the stimulus received by a 
 sensory nerve extends to motor nerves of the 
 opposite side, contraction occurs only in the 
 corresponding muscles. 3. If the contraction 
 is unequal on the two sides, the stronger con- 
 traction always takes place on the side which 
 is stimulated. 4. If the reflex excitement ex- 
 tends to other motor nerves, the direction of 
 the impulse from the sensory to the motor 
 nerve is from before backward in the brain 
 and from below upward in the spinal cord — 
 *. e., always in the direction of the oblongata. 
 P.'s Tubes, ovarian tubes; sacciform or 
 tubular ingrowths of the germ epithelium on 
 the anterointernal surface of the wolffian body; 
 they ultimately form the cortex of the ovary. 
 
 Pfuhl's Sign, P.-Jaffe's Sign. In subphrenic 
 pyopneumothorax the liquid issues from the 
 exploratory puncture or incision with con- 
 siderable force during inspiration, while the 
 contrary occurs in true pneumothorax. 
 
 Phace, Phacea (fa'-se, }a-se'-ah) [(frandc, a lens]. 
 The crystalline lens. 
 
 Phacentocele (fa-sen' -to-sel) [<f>cuc6c, a lens; 
 kvzbg, within; KTjArj, hernia]. Displacement 
 of the crystalline lens into the anterior cham- 
 ber of the eye. 
 
 Phacicous (fa'-sik-us) [(fyanbc, a lens]. 1. Belong- 
 ing to the crystalline lens. 2. Lentil-shaped. 
 
 Phacitis (fa-si' -lis). See Phakitis. 
 
 Phaco- (fa-ko-) [<fiafc6c, a lens]. A prefix mean- 
 ing pertaining to a lens or to the lens of the eye. 
 
 Phacocele (fa'-ko-sel). See Phacentocele, 
 
 Phacoiditis (fa-koid-i'-tis). See Phakitis. 
 
 Phacoidoscope (fa-koid' -o-skdp) . Synonym of 
 Phacoscope. 
 
 Phacolysis, Phakolysis (fa-kol'-is-is) [phaco-; 
 Xuetv, to loose]. 1. Dissolution or disin- 
 tegration of the crystalline lens. 2. An 
 operation for relief of high myopia consist- 
 ing in discission of the crystalline lens fol- 
 lowed by extraction. 
 
 Phacomalacia, Phakomalacia (fa-ko-mal-a'- 
 se-ah) [phaco-; [xaXania, softness]. Soft cat- 
 aract. 
 
 Phacometer, Phakometer (fa-kom'-et-er) [pha- 
 co-; fiezpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
 determining the refractive power of lenses. 
 
 Phacoplanesis, Phakoplanesis (fa-ko-plan-e'- 
 sis) [phaco-; nXdvTjocc, a making to wander]. 
 Displacement of the lens of the eye from 
 the posterior to the anterior chamber and 
 back again. 
 
 Phacosclerosis, Phakosclerosis (fa-ko-skle-ro'- 
 sis) [phaco-; sclerosis]. Hardening of the 
 crystalline lens. 
 
 Phacoscope, Phakoscope (fa'-ko-skop) [phaco-; 
 OK07teiv } to inspect]. An instrument for ob- 
 serving the accommodative changes of the lens. 
 
 Phacoscopy, Phakoscopy (fa - kos' - ko - pe) 
 [see Phacoscope]. The observation and estima- 
 tion of the changes in the lens of the eye 
 caused by accommodative influences. 
 
 Phacotherapy, Phakotherapy (fa-ko-ther'-ap-e) 
 [phaco-; depaize'ca, therapy]. Heliotherapy. 
 
 Phagedena (faj-ed-e'-nah) [(frayed aiva, a cancer- 
 ous sore]. A rapidly spreading destructive 
 ulceration of soft parts. 
 
 Phagedenic (faj-ed-en'-ik) [phagedena]. Of the 
 nature of phagedena. P. Chancroid, a 
 chancroid that spreads rapidly and destroys 
 a large amount of tissue. 
 
 Phagedenism (faj'-ed-en-izm). Rapidly pro- 
 gressive ulcerative processes of the soft parts, 
 frequently complicated with chancroid bubos. 
 
 Phagedenoma (faj-ed-en-o'-mah). A phag- 
 edenic ulcer. 
 
 Phagocyte (fag'-o-slt) [<f>aytuv, to eat; kuzoc, a 
 cell]. A cell having the property of englob- 
 ing and digesting foreign or other particles 
 harmful to the body. Phagocytes are either 
 fixed — endothelial cells, fixed connective- 
 tissue cells — or free — the wandering cells or 
 leukocytes. A large phagocyte is termed a 
 macrophage; sl small one, a microphage. 
 
 Phagocytic (fag-o-sit'-ik) [phagocyte]. Of, per- 
 taining to, or caused by phagocytes. 
 
 Phagocytosis (fag^o-si-to'-sis) [phagocyte]. The 
 ingestion of foreign or other particles, prin- 
 cipally bacteria, by certain cells. Phago- 
 cytosis has been claimed to be the cause 
 of immunity against infectious diseases. 
 
 Phagolysis (fag-ol'-is-is) [cfrayelv, to eat; Xuztv, 
 to loose]. Destruction or dissolution of 
 phagocytes. 
 
 Phago therapy (fag-o-ther'-ap-e) [cfrajelv, to eat; 
 depane'ca, therapy]. Treatment by superali- 
 mentation. 
 
 Phakitis (fa-ki'-tis) [cfraKoc, lens; cnc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the crystalline 
 
PHALACROSIS 
 
 753 
 
 PHARYNGOPALATINE 
 
 lens of the eye; a condition that has, how- 
 ever, not been observed. 
 
 Phalacrosis (fal-ak-ro'-sis) [cf>aXaKp6c, bald]. 
 Baldness. 
 
 Phalacrotic, Phalacrous (fal-ak-rot'-ik, fal-ak'- 
 rus) [phalacrosis]. Bald. 
 
 Phalangeal (fa-lan'-je-al) [phalanx]. Pertain- 
 ing to a phalanx. 
 
 Phalanges " (fa - Ian' - jez) [phalanx]. Plural 
 of phalanx. 
 
 Phalangitis (fal-an-ji'-lis) [phalanx; ace, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of a phalanx. P. 
 syphilitica. See under Dactylitis syphilitica. 
 
 Phalangosis (fal-an-go' -sis) [phalanx], i. A 
 disease of the eyelids in which the lashes are 
 arranged in rows. 2. Ptosis. 
 
 Phalanx (fa'-lanks) [<f>aXaj-$, phalanx]. 1. One 
 of the bones of the fingers or toes. 2. One 
 of the delicate processes of the headplate 
 of the outer rod of Corti projecting beyond 
 the inner rod. 
 
 Phallalgia (fal-aV '-je-ah) [phallus; alfoc, pain]. 
 Pain in the penis. 
 
 Phallic (fal'-ik) [phallus]. Pertaining to the 
 penis. 
 
 Phallus (fal'-us) [<f>aXXbc, penis]. Penis. 
 
 Phaneroscope (fan'-er-o-skdp)[<f>avzpbs, visible; 
 OKonelv, to see]. An instrument for render- 
 ing the skin transparent ; it is used in examin- 
 ing for diseases of the skin, such as lupus. 
 
 Phantasm (fan'-tazm) [fyavxa^ecv, to render 
 visible]. An illusive perception of an object 
 that does not exist; an optic illusion; an 
 apparition. 
 
 Phantom {fan' -turn) [phantasm]. 1. An appa- 
 rition. 2. A model of a part or the whole 
 of the human body used in practising various 
 operations and procedures. P. Tumor, a 
 tumor-like swelling produced artificially by 
 the contraction of a muscle or by other 
 causes. 
 
 Pharcidous (far'-sid-us) [<f)apKCf, a wrinkle]. 
 Wrinkled; rugose: full of wrinkles. 
 
 Pharmacal (far' -mak-al) [<f>appaKov, a drug]. 
 Pertaining to pharmacy. 
 
 Pharmaceutic (far-ma-su'-tik) [pharmacy]. 
 Pertaining to pharmacy. 
 
 Pharmaceutics (far-ma-su'-tiks). See Phar- 
 macy. 
 
 Pharmacist (far'-ma-sist) [pharmacy]. An 
 apothecary. 
 
 Pharmaco- (far-ma-ko-) [<f>app.aiiov, a drug]. A 
 prefix meaning pertaining to drugs. 
 
 Pharmacodynamics (far-ma-ko-di-nam'-iks) 
 [pharmaco-; duvap.ee, force]. The science of 
 the action of drugs. 
 
 Pharmacognosis, Pharmacognosy (far-ma- 
 kog-no'-sis, far-ma-ko g' -no-se) [pharmaco-; 
 yvebocc, knowledge]. The science of crude 
 drugs. 
 
 Pharmacography (far-ma-kog'-ra-fe). See 
 
 Pharmacognosis. 
 
 Pharmacologist (far-ma-kol' -o-jist) [pharmacol- 
 ogy]. One versed in pharmacology. 
 
 Pharmacology (far-ma-kol' -o-je) [pharmaco-; 
 Xoyoc, science]. The science of the nature 
 and properties of drugs. 
 49 
 
 Pharmacopeia (far-ma-ko-pe'-ah) [pharmaco-; 
 izocicv, to make]. A collection of formulas 
 and methods for the preparation of drugs, 
 especially a book of such formulas recognized 
 as a standard, as the United States or the 
 British Pharmacopeia. The former is issued 
 every ten years under the supervision of a 
 national committee. 
 
 Pharmacopeial (far-ma-ko-pe'-al) [pharmaco- 
 peia]. Contained in or sanctioned by the 
 pharmacopeia. 
 
 Pharmacy (far'-ma-se) [<fiappaK£ca, the use of 
 drugs]. 1. The art of preparing, compound- 
 ing, and dispensing medicines. 2. A drug- 
 store. 
 
 Pharyngalgia (far-in-gaV -je-ah) [pharynx; &X- 
 yog, pain]. Pain in the pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngeal (far-in'-je-al) [pharynx]. Pertain- 
 ing to the pharynx. P. Tonsil. See Lusch- 
 ka's Tonsil. P. Tubercle, a small ele- 
 vation near the middle of the inferior sur- 
 face of the basilar process of the occipital 
 bone, for the attachment of the pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngectomy (far-in-jek'-to-me) [pharynx; 
 iKtop.7), excision]. Excision of the pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngismus (far-in-jiz'-mus) [pharynx]. 
 Spasm of the pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngitis (far-in-ji'-tis) [pharynx; acg, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the pharynx. 
 P., Acute, P., Catarrhal, a form due to 
 exposure to cold, to the action of irritant 
 substances, or to certain infectious causes, 
 and characterized by pain on swallowing, by 
 dryness, later by moisture, and by conges- 
 tion of the mucous membrane. P., Chronic, 
 a form that is generally the result of repeated 
 acute attacks, and is associated either with 
 hypertrophy of the mucous membrane (hyper- 
 trophic pharyngitis) or with atrophy (atrophic 
 pharyngitis). P., Croupous, P., Diph- 
 theric, that characterized by the presence 
 of a false membrane, the product of the ac- 
 tion of the diphtheria bacillus. P., Follicu- 
 lar, clergyman's sore throat. P., Granular, 
 a form of chronic pharyngitis in which the 
 mucous membrane has a granular appearance. 
 P., Lithemic, a sense of fulness in the throat 
 with a feeling of rigidity associated with heat 
 and dryness; it is due to the gouty diathesis. 
 
 Pharyngo- (far-in-go-) [pharynx]. A prefix 
 signifying pertaining to the pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngocele (far-in' -go-set) [pharyngo-; KTjXrj, 
 hernia]. A hernia or pouch of the pharynx 
 projecting through the pharyngeal wall. 
 
 Pharyngolaryngeal (far - in - go - lar - in'-je-al) 
 [pharyngo-; larynx]. Pertaining both to the 
 pharynx and to the larynx. 
 
 Pharyngo laryngitis (far-in-go-lar-in-ji'-lis) 
 [pharyngo-; laryngitis]. Simultaneous in, 
 flammation of the pharynx and larynx. 
 
 Pharyngomaxillary (far-in-go-maks' -il-a-re) . 
 Relating to the pharynx and the maxilla. 
 
 Pharyngomycosis (far-in-go-mi-ko'-sis). Dis- 
 ease of the pharynx due to the action of 
 fungi. 
 
 Pharyngopalatine (far-in-go-pal'-a-tin). Re- 
 lating to the pharynx and the palate. 
 
PH AR YNG OP AR ALYSIS 
 
 754 
 
 PHECINE 
 
 Pharyngoparalysis {far - in - go - par-al' -is-is) . 
 
 See Pharyngoplegia. 
 Pharyngoplasty {far-in' -go-plas-te) [pharyngo-; 
 
 TzXb.aas.cv, to form]. Plastic surgery of the 
 
 pharynx. 
 
 Pharynx, Opened Posteriorly, Showing Larynx, Tongue, and 
 Soft Palate. — (Holden.) 
 
 A. Cartilaginous expansion of the eustachian tube. B. Posterior nasal 
 openings. C. Soft palate. D. Uvula. E, E. Posterior pillar of 
 the palate. F. Tonsil. G, G. Pharynx, opened in median line. 
 H. Base of the tongue. I. Epiglottis. K. Left glossoepiglottidean 
 fold. L. Superior opening of the larynx. M. Thyroid cartilage. 
 N. Posterior surface of the larynx. O. Group of grape-like glands 
 constantly found in this position. P. Upper extremity of the 
 esophagus, i. Azygos uvulae muscle. 2. Levator palati muscle. 3, 
 3. Palatopharyngeus muscle. 4. Salpingopharyngeus muscle. 5. 
 Internal portion of the palatopharyngeus muscle. 6. Fibers pro- 
 ceeding from the middle of the palate and ending in the palato- 
 pharyngeus muscle. 7. Superior fibers of the palatopharyngeus 
 muscle, going to interlace on the lateral and posterior surface of the 
 pharynx with those on the opposite side. 8. Inferior fibers of the 
 palatopharyngeus muscle, being inserted into the posterior margin 
 of the thyroid cartilage near the base of the superior cornu and 
 pharyngeal aponeurosis. 0. Anterior fibers of the stylopharyngeus 
 muscle, attached (1) to the lateral fold of the epiglottis; (2) to the 
 superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage at the base and superior mar- 
 gin. 10. Superior constrictor of the pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngoplegia (far-in-go-ple'-je-ah) [pharyn- 
 go-; nXTjyq, a stroke]. Paralysis of the mus- 
 cles of the pharynx. 
 
 Pharyngoscope {far-in' -go-skdp) [pharyngo-; 
 
 onone'cv, to inspect]. An instrument for use 
 in examining the pharynx. 
 Pharyngoscopy {far-in-gos' -ko-pe) [pharyngo- 
 scope]. Examination of the pharynx with the 
 pharyngoscope. 
 
 Pharyngospasm {far-in' -go-spazm) 
 [pharyngo-; anaap.bg, a spasm]. 
 Spasmodic contraction of the 
 pharynx. 
 Pharyngospasmodic {far -in-go-spas- 
 mod' -ik). Relating to spasmodic 
 contraction of the pharynx. 
 Pharyngostenous {far-in-go-ste'-nus) 
 [pharyngo-; stenosis']. Relating to 
 stricture of the pharynx. 
 Pharyngotherapy {far-in-go-ther'-a- 
 pe) [pharyngo-; depaneta, therapy]. 
 The treatment of diseases of the 
 pharynx by direct applications or 
 irrigations. 
 Pharyngotome {far - in' - go - torn) 
 [pharyngo-; ropr), a cutting]. An 
 instrument for .incising the pharynx. 
 Pharyngotomy {far-in-got' -o-me) [see 
 Pharyngotome]. Incision into the 
 pharynx. P., Inferior, that in 
 which the tissues between the 
 hyoid bone and the cricoid cartil- 
 age are divided. P., Lateral, in- 
 cision into one side of the pharynx. 
 P., Subhyoidean, that through 
 the thyrohyoid membrane. 
 Pharyngotonsillitis {far-in-go-ton- 
 sil-i'-tis) [pharyngo-; tonsillitis]. 
 Inflammation of the pharynx and 
 the tonsil. 
 Pharyngoxerosis {far-in-go-zer-o' - 
 sis) [pharyngo-; xerosis]. Dryness 
 of the pharynx. 
 Pharynx {far'-ingks) [(papuy^, the 
 throat]. The musculomembranous 
 pouch situated back of the nose, 
 mouth, and larynx, and extending 
 from the base of the skull to a 
 point opposite the sixth cervical 
 vertebra, where it becomes contin- 
 uous with the esophagus. It is 
 lined by mucous membrane, cov- 
 ered in its upper part with col- 
 umnar ciliated epithelium, in its 
 lower part with stratified epithel- 
 ium. On the outside of this is a 
 layer of fibrous tissue — the pharyn- 
 geal aponeurosis. This in turn is 
 surrounded by the muscular coat. 
 The upper portion of the pharynx 
 communicates with the nose through 
 the posterior nares, is known as the 
 nasopharynx, and functionally be- 
 longs to the respiratory tract; the 
 lower portion is divided into the 
 oropharynx and laryngopharynx, 
 and is a part of the digestive tract. 
 The pharynx communicates with the middle 
 ear by means of the eustachian tube. 
 Phecine {fe'-sen), C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 S0 4 . Sulfometa- 
 dihydroxybenzene, a sulfate of the double 
 
PHENACETIN 
 
 755 
 
 PHENYLGLYCURONIC ACID 
 
 hydrate of benzene; it is said to De a non- 
 irritant antiseptic and prophylactic, and is 
 indicated in diseases of the skin. 
 
 Phenacetin (fe-nas'-et-in). See Acetphenetidin. 
 
 Phenalgene (je-nal'-jen). A proprietary anal- 
 gesic said to contain acetanilid, sodium bi- 
 carbonate, etc. 
 
 Phenalgin (fe-nal' -jin) . A proprietary anti- 
 pyretic and analgesic said to be an ammo- 
 niated combination of phenyl and acetanilid. 
 Syn., A mmoniophenylacetamid. 
 
 Phenate (fe f -nat) [phenol]. A compound of 
 phenol and a base; a carbolate. 
 
 Phenatol (fe'-nat-ol). A proprietary antipy- 
 retic and anodyne said to be a combination 
 of sodium carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, 
 and chlorid, with acetanilid and caffcin. 
 
 Phenazon (Je'-naz-on). Antipyrin. 
 
 Phene (fen). Benzene. 
 
 Phenedin Qe' -ned-in) . Acetphenetidin. 
 
 Phenegol (fe'-ne-gol), C 6 H 5 . O . N0 2 . S0 3 K. 
 Mercury potassium nitroparaphenol sulfonate. 
 It is antiseptic and bactericide. 
 
 Phenetidin (fe-net'-id-in) [phenol], C 8 H u NO. 
 The base from which acetphenetidin is pre- 
 pared by substitution. P. Citrate, a conden- 
 sation-product of paraamidophenetol with 
 citric acid; sedative and antipyretic. 
 
 Phenic Acid (fen'-ik). See Acid, Carbolic. 
 
 Phenicate (}en r -ik-dt). To charge with phenol 
 or phenic acid. 
 
 Phenidin, Phenin (fe'-nid-in, fe'-nin). See 
 Acetphenetidin. 
 
 Phenigmus (fe-nig f -mus) [<f>o~cv£, purple-red]. 
 A skin disease characterized by diffuse red- 
 ness, without fever. 
 
 Phenocoll (}e'-no-kol) [phenol], C 10 H 14 N 2 O 2 . 
 Amidophenacetin, a substance resembling 
 acetphenetidin; the hydrochlorate is used as an 
 antipyretic. Dose 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Phenocreasote (fe-no-kre f -a-sot) . A preparation 
 of creasote and phenol. 
 
 Phenol (fe'-nol) [cfrolvt!;, purple-red], r. C 6 H 5 - 
 OH. Hydroxybenzene, obtained either from 
 coal-tar by fractional distillation or made 
 synthetically. More commonly known as 
 carbolic acid. 2. Any derivative of benzene 
 homologous with phenol. P. -camphor, 
 camphorated phenol. P. Celluloid, a pro- 
 tective varnish for wounds, prepared from 
 pyroxylin, phenol, and camphor. P. Diiodid, 
 a precipitate from a combination of solutions 
 of sodium, phenol, and iodopotassium iodid, 
 recommended as a wound antiseptic. Syn., 
 Diiodo phenolic did. P., Glycerite of (glycer- 
 itum phenolis, U. S. P.), a mixture of liquefied 
 phenol and glycerol. P., Liquefied (phenol 
 lique factum, U. S. P.), a liquid containing 
 not less than 86.4% by weight of absolute 
 phenol. Dose 1 min. (0.06 Cc). P., Oint- 
 ment of (unguent um phenolis, U. S. P.), an 
 ointment made of white petrolatum and 
 phenol. P., Orthomonobromo-, C 6 H 5 BrO, 
 an oily, violet-colored liquid with strong odor, 
 soluble in ether, chloroform, or 100 parts of 
 water; used as a wound antiseptic and in 
 erysipelas, 1 to 2 % in petrolatum, twice 
 
 daily. P., Orthomonochlor-, C 6 H 5 C10, a 
 colorless antiseptic liquid, soluble in alcohol 
 or ether, used with petrolatum in skin 
 diseases, etc. P. Sulforicinate, a solution of 
 phenol in sulforicinic acid, used in 20% solu- 
 tion in tuberculosis of the throat. P., Tests 
 for. See Allen, Berthelot, Davy, Eijkman, 
 Jacquemin, Landolt, Penzoldt and Fischer, 
 Plugge. P. Trichlorid. See Trichlor phenol. 
 
 Phenolphthalein (fe-nol-tha' -le-in) [phenol; 
 phthalic acid], C 20 H 14 O 4 . A substance produced 
 by the action of phenol on phthalic acid and 
 used generally in a 1 % solution in 50 % alco- 
 hol, as a delicate test for acids and alkalis. 
 It is turned red by alkalis and decolorized 
 by acids. It has been recommended as a 
 purgative. Dose 1J-4 gr. (0.09-0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Phenolsulfonic Acid (fe-nol-sul-fon'-ik). Sul- 
 focarbolic acid. 
 
 Phenomenon (fe-nom f -en-on) [cfrai-ubnevov, that 
 which is seen; pi., phenomena]. An event 
 or manifestation, generally of an unusual 
 character. 
 
 Phenophthalein (fe-no-tha' -le-in). See Phe- 
 nolphthalein. 
 
 Phenosal (fe' -no-sal). Phenetidin acetosalicyl- 
 ate; an antipyretic compound of acetphenetidin 
 and salicylic acid; used in acute articular rheu- 
 matism. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 2 to 6 times 
 daily. Syn., Par a phenetidin salicylacetic acid. 
 
 Phenosalyl (fe-no-saV -il) . A compound of 
 phenol, salicylic acid, lactic acid, and men- 
 thol, mixed with heat. It is an external' anti- 
 septic, used in conjunctivitis in 0.2 to 0.4% 
 solution; in eczema, in 1 % solution. 
 
 Phenosuccin (fe-no-snk'-sin), C 6 H 4 (OC 2 H 5 )N- 
 (COCH 2 ) 2 . Colorless needles derived from 
 paraamidophenol by action of succinic acid; 
 antipyretic and antineuralgic. Dose 15-45 
 gr. (1-3 Gm.) daily. Syn., Pyrantin. 
 
 Phenosuccinate (}e-no-suk'-sin-at). The so- 
 dium salt of phenosuccin, forming a white, 
 soluble powder. It is preferred to pheno- 
 succin. Dose 7^-46 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.). 
 
 Phenoxin (fe-noks'-in). A trade name for 
 carbon tetrachlorid. 
 
 Phenoxycaffein (fe-noks-e-kaf'-e-in), C 8 H 9 OC 6 - 
 H 5 ) N 4 2 . It is anesthetic and narcotic 
 and is used subcutaneously in sciatica. Dose 
 4 gr. (0.26 Gm.). 
 
 Phenyl (fe'-nil) [phenol; lit], matter]. The 
 univalent radicle, C 6 H 5 , of phenol. P. Alco- 
 hol. Synonym of Phenol. P. Hydrate, phenol. 
 P. Salicylate (phenylis salicylas, U. S. P.), 
 the salicylic ester of phenyl, a white, crystal- 
 line substance, used as an intestinal and urin- 
 ary antiseptic, and as a substitute for salicylic 
 acid. It is decomposed in the intestine into 
 salicylic acid and phenol. Dose 5-25 gr. 
 (0.32-1.0 Gm.). Syn., Salol. 
 
 Phenylate (fe'-nil-dt). A carbolate. 
 
 Phenylglucosazone (fe-nil-glu - ko' - saz - on), 
 C 18 H 22 N 4 4 . A yellow, crystalline compound 
 produced in the phenylhydrazin test for glu- 
 cose. 
 
 Phenylglycuronic Acid (fe-nil-glik-u-ron'-ik). 
 A crystalline body, a compound of phenol 
 
PHENYLHYDRAZIN 
 
 756 
 
 PHLOGOGEN 
 
 and glycuronic acid, occurring in the urine 
 after the ingestion of phenol. 
 
 Phenylhydrazin (fe-nil-hi' -dra-zin), C 6 H 8 N 2 . 
 A liquid base, crystallizing in plates, the hydro- 
 chlorate of which is used as a test for sugar. 
 P. Tests. See v. Jaksch, Neumann, Riegler. 
 
 Phenylic (fe-niV-ik) [phenyl]. Pertaining to 
 or containing phenyl. 
 
 Phenylon (fe'-nil-on). Antipyrin. 
 
 Phenylquinaldin (fe-nil-kwin-al'-din), C 9 H 5 - 
 (C 6 H 5 )N, an antiperi^dic prepared by the 
 action of hydrochloric acid on a mixture 
 of anilin, acetophenone, and aldehyd. Dose 
 1J-3 gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.). It is also used ex- 
 ternally as a local irritant. 
 
 Phenylquinolin (fe-nil-kwin'-o-lin). A deriva- 
 tive of quinolin by the entrance of the phenyl 
 groups into its pyridin molecule. It is more 
 active than quinin. 
 
 Phenylurethane (fe-nil-u'-reth-an). See Eu- 
 phorin. 
 
 Phesin (fe'-sin), C 6 H 3 . O . C 2 H 5 S0 3 Na . NH .- 
 CO . CH 3 . A proprietary antipyretic sulfo- 
 derivative of acetphenetidin. 
 
 Phial (fi'-al). See Vial. 
 
 Phillips' Muscle. A small muscle extending 
 from the styloid process of the radius and the 
 external lateral ligament to the proximal por- 
 tion of the phalanges. 
 
 Phillyrea (fil-ir'-e-ah) [<f>c\upa, the linden-tree, 
 from the similarity of its leaves]. A genus 
 of the Oleacece. The leaves of P. latifolia, 
 the stone-linden of southern Europe, are 
 diuretic and emmenagog and are used in ulcer- 
 ations of the mouth. It contains phillirin. 
 
 Phillyrin (fil'-i-rin), C^O,, + H 2 0. A 
 crystalline glucosid found in the bark and 
 leaves of Phillyrea latifolia, P. angustifolia, 
 and P. media. It is antimalarial. 
 
 Philocytase (fil-o-si'-tdz) [faXelv, to love; nuzoc, 
 a cell]. Metchnikoff's name for the inter- 
 mediate body of Ehrlich. 
 
 Phimosientomy (fi-mo-si-en' -to-me) [(pc/iouv, 
 to constrict; ivzop.ii, incision]. ' Incision of a 
 constricted prepuce. 
 
 Phimosiotomy (fi-mo-si-ot' '-o-me) . See Phimo- 
 sientomy. 
 
 Phimosis (fi-mo'-sis) [cpcpog, a muzzle]. Elon- 
 gation and constriction of the prepuce, so that 
 it cannot be retracted over the glans penis. 
 
 Phimotic (fi-mot'-ik). Relating to phimosis. 
 
 Phisio therapy (fiz-i-o-ther' '-ap-e) [<f>uoec, nature; 
 depansca, therapy]. The application of nat- 
 ural remedies — air, water, sunlight, etc. — in 
 the treatment of disease. 
 
 Phlebectasia, Phlebectasis (fleb-ek-ta'-ze-ah, 
 fleb-ek'-tas-is) [<j>Xi(f>, vein; 'inzaocc, dilation]. 
 Dilation of a vein; varicosity. 
 
 Phlebectomy (fieb-ek' -to-me) [<pU(l>, vein ; ifczopr], 
 excision]. Excision of a vein. 
 
 Phlebepatitis (fleb-ep-at-i'-tis) [<pki<j>, vein; 
 hepatitis]. Inflammation of the. portal or 
 hepatic veins. 
 
 Phlebismus (fleb-iz' '-mus) [4>Xi(p, vein]. Undue 
 prominence or swelling of a vein. 
 
 Phlebitis (fleb-i'-tis) [(f>U(p, veinjmc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of a vein. This is gener- 
 
 ally suppurative (suppurative phlebitis), and 
 is the result of the extension of suppuration 
 from adjacent tissues. It leads to the forma- 
 tion of a thrombus within the vein (thrombo- 
 phlebitis), which may break down and cause 
 the distribution of septic emboli to various 
 parts of the body. When not due to a sup- 
 purative process the phlebitis, called plastic, 
 adhesive, or proliferative, may give rise to 
 obliteration of the vein. The symptoms of 
 phlebitis are pain and edema of the affected 
 part, redness along the course of the vein, 
 the latter appearing as a hard, tender cord. 
 P., Sinus-, phlebitis of the sinuses of the 
 dura mater. 
 
 Phlebo- (fleb-o-) [(j)U(f>, vein]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to a vein. 
 
 Phlebogram (fieb' -o-gram) [phlebo-; ypappa, a 
 writing]. A tracing of the movements of a 
 vein by the sphygmograph. 
 
 Phlebolite, Phlebolith (fleb'-o-lit, fleb f -o-liih) 
 [phlebo-; XWoc, a, stone]. Vein-stone, a hard 
 concretion sometimes found in veins, and 
 produced by calcareous infiltration of a throm- 
 bus. 
 
 Phlebosclerosis (fleb-o-skle-ro' -sis) [phlebo-; 
 onX-qpog, hard]. Sclerosis of a vein. 
 
 Phlebotome (fleb'-o-tom). A cutting-instru- 
 ment used in phlebotomy; a fleam. 
 
 Phlebotomy (fleb-ot'-o-me) [phlebo-; zoprj, a 
 cutting]. Opening of a vein for the purpose 
 of bloodletting. The vein most often selected 
 is the median cephalic at the bend of the 
 elbow. 
 
 Phlegm (flem) [(f>Xiypa, phlegm]. 1. A viscid, 
 stringy mucus, secreted by the mucosa of 
 the upper air-passages. 2. One of the four 
 humors of the old writers. 
 
 Phlegmasia (fleg-ma'-ze-ah) [(fittypa, a flame]. 
 Inflammation. P. alba dolens, milk-leg, 
 a painful swelling of the leg beginning either 
 at the ankle and ascending, or at the groin 
 and extending down the thigh, its usual cause 
 being septic infection after labor. 
 
 Phlegmatic (fleg-mat'-ik) [phlegm]. Full of 
 phlegm; hence, indifferent; apathetic; 
 lymphatic. 
 
 Phlegmon (fleg'-mon) [<f>Xeypovq, inflammation]. 
 An inflammation characterized by the spread- 
 ing of a purulent or fibrinopurulent exudate 
 within the tissues. P., Gas, that in which 
 more or less offensive gas is formed with the 
 pus. P. ligneux, a peculiar form of chronic 
 inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous 
 tissue marked by a slow clinical course and 
 a consistence resembling wood. It occurs 
 most frequently on the neck. 
 
 Phlegmonodcea (fleg-mon-o-de'-ah) [(pXeypovij, 
 inflammation]. 1. See Eryihematica. 2. 
 Peritonitis. 
 
 Phlegmonous (fleg 1 '-mbn-us) [phlegmon]. Of 
 the nature of or pertaining to phlegmon. 
 
 Phlogistic (flo-jis' '-tik) [<f>Xoftozbc, burnt]. In- 
 flammatory. 
 
 Phlogogen, Phlogogon (flog'-o-jen, -flog'-o-gon) 
 [(f>X6jojacc, inflammation; yzvvav, to produce]. 
 Any substance having the property of ex- 
 
PHLOGOGENIC 
 
 '57 
 
 PHOSGEN 
 
 citing inflammation in a tiss.ue with which 
 it comes in contact; an irritant. 
 
 Phlogogenic (flog-o-jen'-ik) [see Phlogogen]. 
 Causing inflammation. 
 
 Phlogosin (flog'-o-sin) [(f)X6ycoacc, inflammation]. 
 A crystalline body isolated from cultures of 
 pyogenic staphylococci, and causing suppu- 
 ration when injected beneath the skin or 
 introduced into the eye. 
 
 Phlogosis (flog-o'-sis) [see Phlogosin]. Inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 Phloridzin, Phlorizin (flor-id'-zin, flor-i' -zin) 
 [(f)Xoc6c, bark; pc^a, root], C 2l H 24 O 10 . 2H 2 0. 
 A bitter crystalline glucosid occurring in the 
 root and trunk of apple, pear, and other 
 fruit-trees. It is said to possess antipyretic 
 properties. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 Given to lower animals it produces glycosuria. 
 P.-diabetes, the glycosuria induced in lower 
 animals, especially dogs, by the administra- 
 tion of phloridzin. 
 
 Phloroglucin (flo-ro-glu'-sin) [(f>\oc6e, bark; 
 yXun'jc, sweet], C 6 H 3 (OH) 3 . A crystalline 
 substance found in the bark of the cherry, 
 pear, apple, and other trees, and used as 
 a test for woody tissue (lignin) and hydro- 
 chloric acid. 
 
 Phlyctena (flik-le f -nah) [(fyX'juxacva, a blister]. 
 A vesicle. 
 
 Phlyctenoid (flik'-ten-oid). See Phlyctenular. 
 
 Phlyctenular (flik-len f -u-lar) [phlyctena]. Re- 
 sembling a phlyctenule; characterized by the 
 formation of phlyctenules, as phlyctenular 
 conjunctivitis. 
 
 Phlyctenule, Phlyctenula (flik-ten'-ul, flik- 
 ten'-u-lah) [phlyctena]. A minute phlyctena; 
 a little vesicle or blister. 
 
 Phlysis (fli'-sis) [(f>Xuacc, eruption]. 1. A 
 phlyctenule. 2. A whitlow. 
 
 Phlyzacion, Phlyzacium (fii-za'-se-on, fli-za'- 
 se-um) [$>X6geev, to inflame]. A pustular 
 vesicle on an indurated base. P. acutum. 
 See Ecthyma. 
 
 Phobia (fo'-be-ah) [cf>6j3of, fear]. Any obsession 
 of fear characteristic of insanity. 
 
 Phocas' Disease. Chronic fibrous mastitis, 
 characterized by the presence of multiple 
 fibrous nodules in both breasts. 
 
 Phocomelus (fo-kom'-el-us) [(Jxokt), a seal; fii- 
 Xoc, a limb]. A monster with rudimentary 
 limbs, the hands and feet being attached 
 almost directly to the trunk. 
 
 Phonation {jo-na' -shun) [(frcovr), voice]. The 
 production of vocal sound or articulate speech. 
 
 Phonatory (fon'-a-to-re) [phonation]. Pertain- 
 ing to phonation. 
 
 Phonautograph (fo-naw'-to-graf) [(fxovrj, voice; 
 autograph]. An apparatus for recording auto- 
 matically the vibrations of the air produced 
 by the voice. 
 
 Phonendoscope (fo-nen'-do-skop) [<f>a)vf), voice; 
 'ivdov, within; OKonscv, to view]. A variety of 
 stethoscope which intensifies the auscultatory 
 sounds. 
 
 Phonetic (fo-net'-ik) [(fiajvrj, voice]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to or representing sounds. 2. Pertaining 
 to the voice. 
 
 Phonetics (fo-net'-iks). The science dealing 
 with the mode of production of sounds. 
 
 Phonic (fon'-ik) [(pcovrj, voice]. Pertaining to 
 the voice. P. Spasm, a spasm of the laryn- 
 geal muscles occurring on attempting to 
 speak. 
 
 Phono- (fo-no-) [cfrcovrj, voice]. A prefix denot 
 ing relating to the voice or to sound. 
 
 Phonograph Qo'-no-graf) [phono-; ypafecv^ 
 to record]. An instrument consisting of * 
 wax-coated cylinder revolving under a stylus 
 attached to a diaphragm. The vibrations 
 of the diaphragm, set in motion by the voice, 
 cause the cylinder to be indented by the 
 stylus. When the cylinder is again revolved, 
 the movement of the stylus upon the cylinder 
 throws the diaphragm into vibration and re- 
 produces the original sounds of the voice. 
 
 Phonology (fo-nol'-o-je) [phono-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of vocal sounds; 
 phonetics. 
 
 Phonomassage {fo -no- mas - ahzh') [phono-; 
 massage]. Action upon the tympanum by 
 sound vibrations conducted into the auditory 
 canal. 
 
 Phonometer (fo-nom'-et-er) [phono-; fikx- 
 pov, a measure]. An instrument for measur- 
 ing the intensity of the voice. 
 
 Phonopneumomassage (fo -no -nu - mo-mas- 
 ahzh') [phono-; Tzvlup.a, air; massage]. 
 The exercise of the muscles, ligaments, and 
 articulating surfaces of the inner ear by means 
 of an electric apparatus. 
 
 Phonopsia (fo-nop'-se-ah) [phono-; b^cc, 
 vision]. The perception of color-sensations 
 by auditory sensations. 
 
 Phonoscope (fo' '-no-shop) [phono-; onone'cv, 
 to examine]. A stethoscope for intensifying 
 the tone in auscultation. 
 
 Phoria (fo'-re-ah) [<j>opa, motion]. A colloquial- 
 ism used to represent one or more of the 
 terms orthophoria, heterophoria, exophoria, 
 esophoria, hyperphoria, etc. 
 
 Phoro- (/o-ro-) [<f>opa, motion]. A prefix mean- 
 ing motion. 
 
 Phorometer (for-om'-et-er) [phoro-; fiexpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 relative strength of the ocular muscles. 
 
 Phorooptometer (for-o-op-tom' -et-er) [phoro-; 
 6tzt6c, visible; p.kxpov, a measure]. An appa- 
 ratus for optical testing of muscular defects. 
 
 Phorotone (for'-o-ton) [phoro-; xovoc, strength]. 
 An apparatus for exercising the eye- 
 muscles. 
 
 Phose (fos) [4>oJf, light]. A subjective sensation 
 of light or color, as, scotoma scintillans. 
 An aphose is a subjective sensation of 
 shadow or darkness, as, muscae volitan- 
 tes. Cenlraphoses are aphoses originating in 
 the optic centers. Centrophoses are phoses 
 originating in the optic centers. A chromo- 
 phose is a subjective sensation of color. 
 Peripher -aphoses are peripheral aphoses. 
 Peripherophoses are phoses originating in the 
 peripheral organs of vision (the optic nerve 
 or eyeball). 
 
 Phosgen, Phosgene (fos'-jen, -jeri) [<j>ojc, light; 
 
PHOSOTE 
 
 758 
 
 PHOSPHURET 
 
 yevvdv, to produce]. Producing light. P. 
 Gas, COCl 2 , carbonyl chlorid; a colorless 
 gas formed by the action of light on a mix- 
 ture of carbonic oxid and chlorin. 
 
 Phosote {fo'-sot). A syrupy liquid, consisting 
 of creasote, 80%, and phosphoric anhydrid, 
 20 %: Dose 30 min. (2 Cc.) daily. 
 
 Phosphate {fos'-fdt) [phosphorus]. A salt of 
 phosphoric acid. The phosphates are used 
 
 - in medicine as tonics and alteratives in con- 
 ditions associated with malnutrition of the 
 bones (rickets, scrofula). P., Acid, one in 
 which one or two of the hydrogen atoms only 
 have been replaced by metals. P., Am- 
 moniomag'nesium, a double salt of am- 
 monium and magnesium and phosphoric 
 acid. P., Earthy, a phosphate of one of 
 the alkaline earths. P., Normal, one in 
 which the three hydrogen atoms, or the six 
 of two molecules, are substituted by metals, 
 e. g., Na 3 P0 4 , Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 . P., Triple, ammo- 
 niomagnesium phosphate. 
 
 Phosphatic {fos-fal'-ik) [phosphate]. Contain- 
 ing phosphates; characterized by the excre- 
 tion of large amounts of phosphates, as 
 phosphatic diathesis. 
 
 Phosphatid {fos'-fa-tid) [phosphorus]. Any one 
 of a large group of phosphorus-compounds 
 found in brain-substance, and resembling 
 the phosphates. 
 
 Phosphatol {fos'-fat-ol). A thick liquid ob- 
 
 ' tained by action of phosphorus trichlorid on 
 creasote in an alcoholic solution of soda. It 
 contains 90 % of creasote; used in tuberculosis. 
 
 Phosphatoptosis {fos-fat-o-to'-sis) [phosphate; 
 tztwocc, a falling]. Spontaneous precipitation 
 of phosphates in the urine. 
 
 Phosphaturia {fos-fat-u'-re-ah) [phosphate; 
 oupov, urine]. A condition in which an ex- 
 cess of phosphates is passed in the urine. 
 
 Phosphene (Jos' -fen) [<f>a~jg, light; (pahecv, to 
 show]. A subjective luminous sensation 
 caused by pressure upon the eyeball. 
 
 Phosphergot (fos-fer'-got). A mixture of sod- 
 ium phosphate and ergot; it is indicated 
 in general debility. 
 
 Phospherrin {fos-fer'-in). A mixture said to 
 consist of ferric chlorid, phosphoric acid, 
 and glycerol. 
 
 Phosphid {fos'-fid) [phosphorus]. A compound 
 of phosphorus and another element or radicle 
 acting as a base. The phosphids are used 
 in medicine as substitutes for phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphin {fos'-fin) [phosphorus]. 1. Hydrogen 
 phosphid, PH 3 , a poisonous gas of alliaceous 
 odor. 2. A substitution-compound of PH 3 , 
 bearing the same relation to it that an amin 
 does to ammonia. 
 
 Phosphite {fos'-flt) [phosphorus]. A salt of 
 phosphorous acid. 
 
 Phospho- {fos-fo-) [phosphorus]. A prefix mean- 
 ing relating to phosphorus or to its compounds. 
 
 Phosphoglyceric Acid {fos-fo-glis-e'-rik) [phos- 
 pho-; jXukuc, sweet], C 3 H 9 PO e . A liquid 
 body obtained from lecithin. 
 
 Phosphoglycoproteids {fos-fo-gli-ko-pro'-te- 
 ids). The same as Nucleoalbumins. 
 
 Phosphomolybdic Acid {fos-fo-mol-ib'-dik) 
 [phospho-; molybdenum]. A compound of 
 phosphoric acid and molybdenum trioxid, 
 used as a test for alkaloids. 
 
 Phosphonecrosis, Phosphornecrosis {fos-fo- 
 ne-kro'-sis, fos-for-ne-kro' -sis) . See Necrosis, 
 Phosphorus-. 
 
 Phosphonium {fos-fo' -ne-um) [phosphorus]. 
 The hypothetic univalent radicle PH 4 ; it 
 is analogous to ammonium, NH 4 . 
 
 Phosphorated (Jos' - for - a - ted) [phosphorus]. 
 Containing phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphorescence {fos-for-es'-ens) [phosphorus]. 
 The spontaneous luminosity of phosphorus 
 and other substances in the dark. 
 
 Phosphorescent {fos-for-es'-ent) [phosphorus]. 
 Possessing the quality of phosphorescence. 
 
 Phosphoreted Jos' - for - et - ed) [phosphorus]. 
 Combined with phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphoric Acid (fos-for'-ik). See Acid, Phos- 
 phoric. 
 
 Phosphoridrosis (fos-for-id-ro'-sis) [phospho-; 
 "cdpojotc, sweat]. The secretion of phosphor- 
 escent sweat. 
 
 Phosphorism (fos' - for - izm) [phosphorus]. 
 Chronic phosphorus-poisoning. 
 
 Phosphorized (fos'-for-izd) [phosphorus]. Con- 
 taining phosphorus. 
 
 Phosphorous Acid {fos-fo' -rus). See Acid, 
 Phosphorous. 
 
 Phosphoruria {fos-for -u' -re- ah) [phospho-; 
 oupov, urine]. 1. Phosphorescence of the 
 urine; also, urine containing an excess of 
 phosphates. 
 
 Phosphorus {fos'-for-us) [<£a)c, light; (fiipecv, 
 to bear]. A nonmetallic element having a 
 quantivalence of in or v, and an atomic 
 weight of 31. Symbol P. In commerce it 
 is prepared from bone-ash or from sombrerite, 
 an impure calcium phosphate found in West 
 Indian guano. Phosphorus may be obtained 
 in several allotropic forms. Ordinary phos- 
 phorus is a yellowish-white, waxy solid, of a 
 specific gravity of 1.837; it is exceedingly 
 poisonous; it causes a wide-spread fatty de- 
 generation, most marked in the liver. Red 
 or amorphous phosphorus is a dark-red pow- 
 der, having a specific gravity of 2.1 1, insolu- 
 ble in carbon disulfid, noninflammable, non- 
 luminous, nonpoisonous. Metallic rhombo- 
 hedral phosphorus is an allotropic form pro- 
 duced by heating phosphorus in a sealed tube 
 with melted lead. Its specific gravity is 
 2.34. Medicinally, phosphorus is used as an 
 alterative in osteomalacia and in rickets, in 
 sexual impotence, threatened cerebral degen- 
 eration, neuralgia, chronic alcoholism, mor- 
 phinomania, furunculosis, etc. Dose t ^q gr. 
 (0.00065 Gm.). P., Pills of {pilulce phos- 
 phori, U. S. P.). Dose 1 pill. P. Trichlorid, 
 PCI3, a colorless liquid of unpleasant odor. 
 
 Phosphotungstic Acid {fos-fo-lung'-stik). A 
 crystalline compound of phosphoric and 
 tungstic acids, used as a test for alkaloids 
 and peptones. 
 Phosphuret {fos'-fu-ret) [phosphorus]. A phos- 
 phid. 
 
PHOSPHURETED 
 
 759 
 
 PHRENOLOGY 
 
 
 Phosphureted (fos'-fu-ret-ed). Synonym of 
 
 Phosphoreted. 
 
 Photo- (fo-to-) [<f>a>c, light]. A prefix denoting 
 relation to light. 
 
 Photobiotic (fo-to-bi-ot'-ik) [photo-; fifoc, life]. 
 Living habitually in the light. 
 
 Photochemic (fo-to-kem'-ik) [photo-; chemic]. 
 Pertaining to the chemic action of light. 
 
 Photochemistry (Jo -to -kem' -is -tre). That 
 branch of chemistry treating of the chemic 
 action of light. 
 
 Photoelectricity (fo-to-e-lek-tris'-it-e). Elec- 
 tricity produced under the influence of light. 
 
 Photogene (fo'-to-jen) [photo-; yevvav, to pro- 
 duce], i. A retinal impression; an after- 
 image. 2. A liquid derived from bituminous 
 shale. 
 
 Photogenic (Jo - to - fen' - ik) [see Photogene]. 
 Light -producing. 
 
 Photography (fo-tog'-ra-fe) [photo-; ypa^etv, to 
 write]. The art of producing an image 
 of an object (photograph) by throwing the 
 rays of light reflected from it upon a surface 
 coated with a film of a substance, such as a 
 silver salt, that is readily decomposed by 
 light, subsequently treating the film with 
 certain agents (developers) that bring out 
 the image, and then dissolving the salt unacted 
 upon by the light. 
 
 Photohemotachometer (fo-to-hem-o-tak-om'- 
 et-er) [photo-; dlfia, blood; rd^oc, swiftness; 
 fihpov, a measure]. A hemotachome.ter in 
 which the changes in level of the column of 
 blood are photographed. 
 
 Photokinetic (fo-to-kin-et'-ik) [photo-; kwtjt- 
 (koc, causing movement]. Causing move- 
 ment by means of light. 
 
 Photolyte (fo'-to-llt) [photo-; Xbecv, to loosen]. 
 A substance that is decomposed by the action 
 of light. 
 
 Photomagnetism (fo-to-mag' '-net-izm) [photo-; 
 magnetism]. Magnetism produced by the 
 action of light. 
 
 Photometer (fo-tom'-et-er) [photo-; fihpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument ■ for measuring 
 the intensity of light. 
 
 Photometry (fo-tom' -et-re) [see Photometer]. 
 The measurement of the intensity of light. 
 
 Photomicrograph (Jo-to-mi'-kro-graf). A pho- 
 tograph of a small or microscopic object, 
 usually made with the aid of a microscope, 
 and of sufficient size for observation with the 
 naked eye. Cf. Micro photo graph. 
 
 Photomicrography (fo -to - mi - krog' - ra - Je) 
 [photomicrograph]. The art of producing 
 
 photomicrographs. 
 
 Photophobia (}o-to-}o'-be-ah) [photo-; <£<5/?of, 
 fear]. Intolerance of light. 
 
 Photophone (fo'-to-fon) [photo-; (f>ojvr), sound]. 
 An apparatus for the graphic representation 
 of the character of sound-waves by means 
 of flames. 
 
 Photophore (fo'-to-for) [photo-; fepecv, to 
 bear]. An instrument for examination of the 
 cavities of the body by means of the electric 
 light. 
 
 Photopsia (fo-to p' '-se-ah) [photo-; otytc-, sight]. 
 
 Subjective sensations of sparks or flashes of 
 light occurring in certain morbid conditions 
 of the optic nerve, the retina, or the brain. 
 
 Photoptic (Jo-top' -tik) [photopsia]. Relating to 
 photopsia. 
 
 Photoptometer (} o -top -torn' -et-er) [photo-; w<p, 
 eye; fihpov, a measure]. An instrument for 
 determining visual acuity. 
 
 Photoscope (fo'-to-skop) [photo-; okotceIv, to 
 view]. i. A fluoroscope. 2. An instrument 
 used in inspecting the antrum of Highmore 
 as regards the translucency of its walls. 
 
 Photoskioptic (fo-to-ski-op'-tik) [photo-; ok'co, 
 shadow; 6tzzck6c, pertaining to sight]. Skia- 
 graphy. 
 
 Phototherapy (fo-to-ther'-ap-e) [photo-; depa- 
 izeta, treatment]. 1. The treatment of disease 
 by light. 2. Finsen's light -treatment : the 
 treatment of skin diseases by the application 
 of the concentrated chemic rays (blue, violet, 
 and ultraviolet) of light. 3. The treatment 
 of small pox by red light. 
 
 Photoxylin, Photoxylon (fo-toks' -il-in, fo-toks'- 
 il-on) [photo-; £uXov, wood]. A substance 
 produced from wood-pulp by the action of 
 sulfuric acid and potassium nitrate. It serves 
 as a substitute for collodion in minor surgery, 
 and as a medium for mounting microscopic 
 specimens. 
 
 Photuria (fo-tu'-re-ah) [photo-; oupov, urine]. 
 The passage of phosphorescent urine. 
 
 Phren (fren) [<f>prjv, the mind, also the dia- 
 phragm]. 1. The diaphragm. 2. Mind. 3. 
 The epigastrium. 
 
 Phrenalgia (fren-al' -je-ah) [phren; dXyoc, pain]. 
 
 1. Melancholia; psychalgia. 2. Neuralgia 
 of the diaphragm. 
 
 Phrenauxe (fren-awks'-e) [phren; ab^-q, en- 
 largement]. Hypertrophy of the substance 
 of the brain. 
 
 Phrenesis (Jren-e' -sis) [<f)pkvr}occ, insanity]. 
 Frenzy; delirium; insanity. 
 
 Phrenetic (fren-et'-ik) [phren]. Maniacal; 
 delirious. 
 
 Phrenic (fren'-ik) [phren]. 1. Pertaining to the 
 diaphragm, as phrenic nerve, phrenic artery. 
 
 2. Pertaining to the mind. 
 
 Phrenitis (fren-i'-tis) [phren; exec, inflamma- 
 tion]. 1. Inflammation of the brain. 2. In- 
 flammation of the diaphragm. 
 
 Phreno- (phren-o-) [phren]. A prefix meaning 
 relating either to the mind or to the dia- 
 phragm. 
 
 Phrenograph (jren'-o-graf) [phreno-; ypdfetv, to 
 write]. An instrument for registering the 
 movements of the diaphragm. 
 
 Phrenohepatic (fren-o-hep-at'-ik) [phreno-; 
 T}izap, liver]. Pertaining to the diaphragm 
 and the liver. 
 
 Phrenology (}ren-oV -o-je) [phreno-; Xbyoc, sci- 
 ence]. The theory that the various faculties 
 of the mind occupy distinct and separate areas 
 in the brain-cortex, and that the predominance 
 of certain faculties can be predicted from 
 modifications of the parts of the skull 
 overlying the areas where these faculties are 
 located. 
 
PHRENOPATHY 
 
 760 
 
 PHYSOMETRA 
 
 Phrenopathy (}ren-op r -ath-e) [phreno-; xadoc, 
 
 disease]. Mental disease. 
 Phrenoplegia (fren-o-ple' -je-ah) [phreno-; TtX-qyt), 
 stroke]. i. A sudden failure of mental 
 power. 2. Paralysis of the diaphragm. 
 Phrenosin (}ren r -o-sin) [phren]., A nitrogenous 
 
 body obtained from brain tissue. 
 Phthalic Acid (thal f -ik) [from naphthalene], 
 C 8 H 6 4 . A crystalline substance derived 
 from naphthalene. 
 Phtheiriasis, Phthiriasis [thi-ri' -as-is) . See 
 
 Pediculosis. 
 Phthinoid ithi'-noid) [phthisis; eldoc, likeness]. 
 
 Having a phthisic character. 
 Phthisic (tiz'-ik) [phthisis]. i. Affected with 
 or of the nature of phthisis. 2. A person 
 affected with phthisis. 
 Phthisin (tiz'-in). A proprietary preparation 
 of the bronchial glands of animals; used in 
 diseases of the lungs. 
 Phthisiotherapy (tiz-e-o-ther' '-ap-e) [phthisis; 
 6 spans ca, therapy]. Therapeutic measures 
 for the cure of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 Phthisis (ti'-sis or te'-sis) [<pdcscv, to waste]. 
 1. A wasting away or consumption. 2. Any 
 disease characterized by emaciation and loss 
 of strength, especially pulmonary tubercu- 
 losis. P. bulbi, shrinking of the eyeball. 
 P., Fibroid. 1. Interstitial pneumonia. 2. 
 Chronic tuberculosis of the lungs attended 
 with the formation of fibrous tissue, which 
 contracts, causes shrinking of the affected 
 part, and sometimes bronchiectasis by trac- 
 tion on the bronchi. P. florida, an acute, 
 rapidly fatal pulmonary tuberculosis. Syn., 
 Galloping consumption. P., Laryngeal, 
 tuberculosis of the larynx. P., Pulmonary. 
 1. Tuberculosis of the lung. 2. Any one of 
 a variety of interstitial pneumonias, such as 
 grinder's phthisis, miner's phthisis, stone- 
 cutter's phthisis, etc. P. ventriculi, atrophy 
 of the mucous membrane and thinning of 
 the coats of the stomach. 
 Phylaxin (fi-laks'-in) [cf)uka£, a guardian]. 
 A defensive proteid found in animals that 
 have acquired an artificial immunity to a 
 given infectious disease. The phylaxins are 
 of two varieties: one having the power to 
 destroy pathogenic microorganisms, called 
 mycophylaxin; one that counteracts the 
 ppisons of the microorganisms, called toxo- 
 phylaxin. 
 Phyletic (fi-let'-ik) [<}>uXov, a tribe]. Pertaining 
 
 to phylogenesis. 
 Phylogenesis, Phylogeny {fi-lo-gen'-es-is, fi- 
 loj'-en-e) [<f>i>Xov, a tribe; jsvvav, to beget]. 
 The evolution of a group or species of animals 
 or plants from the simplest form; the evolu- 
 tion of the species, as distinguished from 
 ontogeny, the evolution of the individual. 
 Phylogenetic (fi-lo-jen-ef '-ik) [phylogenesis]. 
 
 Pertaining to phylogenesis. 
 Phyma (fi'-mah) [<f>up.a, a growth]. 1. Form- 
 erly, any one of a variety of swellings of the 
 skin. 2. A localized plastic exudate larger 
 than a tubercle; a circumscribed swelling 
 of the skin. 
 
 Phymatosis (fi-mat-o' -sis) [phyma]. Any dis- 
 ease characterized by the formation of phy- 
 mas. 
 Physalis {fis' -al-is) [<jWa/Uic, a bladder]. A 
 large giant epithelial cell of giant-cell carci- . 
 noma. 
 Physic (ftz'-ik) [cpuocc, nature]. 1. The science 
 of medicine. 2. A medicine, especially a 
 cathartic. 3. To administer medicines; also 
 to purge. 
 Physical (fiz'-ik-al) [see Physic]. 1. Pertaining 
 to nature; also pertaining to the body or 
 material things. 2. Pertaining to physics. 
 P. Diagnosis, the investigation of disease 
 by direct aid of the senses, sight, touch, and - 
 hearing. P. Examination, examination of 
 the patient's body to determine the condition 
 of the various organs and parts. P. Signs, 
 the phenomena observed on inspection, pal- 
 pation, percussion, auscultation, mensura- 
 tion, or combinations of these methods. 
 Physician (fiz-ish'-an) [4>uoi£, nature]. One 
 
 who practises medicine. 
 Physick's Encysted Rectum. Hypertrophic 
 
 dilation of the rectal pouches. 
 Physicochemic (fiz-ik-o-kem' '-ik) [$60 tg, nature; 
 chemic]. Pertaining to both physics and 
 chemistry. 
 Physics (fiz'-iks) [<j>ooic, nature]. The science 
 of nature, especially that treating of the 
 properties of matter and of the forces gov- 
 erning it. 
 Physiognomy {fiz-e-og' -no-me) [§botc, nature; 
 yvajjif), knowledge]. 1. The science treating 
 of the methods of determining character 
 by a study of the face. 2. The countenance. 
 Physiologic (fiz-e-o-loj r -ik) [physiology]. 1. 
 Pertaining to physiology. 2. Pertaining to 
 natural or normal processes, as opposed to 
 those that are pathologic. P. Antidote, an 
 antidote that neutralizes a poison by effects 
 on the system that are antagonistic to those 
 of the poison. P. Unit. See Unit, Physiologic. 
 Physiologist (fiz-e-oV -o-jist) [physiology]. One 
 
 versed in physiology. 
 Physiology (fiz-e-ol f -o-je) [4>ooig, nature; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science that treats of the func- 
 tions of organic beings. P., Morbid, the 
 study of diseased functions or of functions 
 modified by disease. 
 Physio lysis (fiz-e-ol' '-is-is) [<j>uocc, nature; Xbscv, 
 to dissolve]. The disintegration of dead tissue 
 by natural processes. 
 Physiopathology (fiz-e-o-path-ol f -o-je). The 
 
 study of function as affected by disease. 
 Physique (fiz-ek') [Fr.]. Physical structure or 
 
 organization. 
 Physocele {fi' -so-set) [<f>uoa, air; ktjXt), tumor]. 
 1. A swelling containing air or gas. 2. 
 Emphysema of the scrotum; a hernia filled 
 with flatus. 
 Physohydrometra (fi-so-hi-dro-me' '-trah) [^>uoa, 
 air; hydrometra]. An accumulation of gas 
 and water in the uterus. 
 Physometra (fi-so-me' -trah) [<f)doa, air; /xrjrpa, 
 uterus]. A distention of the uterus with gas, 
 produced by the decomposition of its contents. 
 
PHYSOSTIGMA 
 
 761 
 
 PICRAMNIA 
 
 Physostigma (fi-so-stig'-mah) [cf>uoa, air; stig- 
 ma]. Calabar bean ; ordeal-nut. The seed of 
 Physostigma venenosum, of the natural order 
 Leguminosce, which is used by the natives of 
 Africa as an ordeal poison. It contains two 
 alkaloids — eserin or physostigmin and cala- 
 barin. It acts as a general depressant, pro- 
 ducing motor paralysis, and in poisonous 
 doses causing death by paralysis of the respira- 
 tion. It is a miotic, and in small doses 
 stimulates the heart and intestinal peristalsis. 
 In medicine it is employed as a motor de- 
 pressant in tetanus and other spasms; as a 
 stimulant in intestinal atony and dilation, in 
 asthma and emphysema. P., Extract of 
 (extractum physostigmatis, U. S. P., B. P.). 
 Dose J-J gr. (0.008-0.016 Gm.). P., Tinc- 
 ture of {tinctura physostigmatis, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 5-20 min. (0.32-1.3 Cc). 
 
 Physostigmin (fi-so-stig' -min) [physostigma], 
 C 15 H 21 N 3 2 . An alkaloid found in the seed 
 of Physostigma venenosum, Calabar bean. 
 It is used in traumatic tetanus, tonic con- 
 vulsions, strychnin-poisoning, neuralgia,mus- 
 cular rheumatism, chronic bronchitis, etc. 
 Dose ^•c-o~6 1 o g r - (0.0003-0.001 Gm.); 
 maximum dose ^V gr. (0.001 Gm.), single. 
 Syn., Eserin. P. Salicylate (physostigmince 
 salicylas, U. S. P.), eserin salicylate, is 
 used internally in doses of g 1 ^ gr. (0.0008 
 Gm.), but its chief use is for instillation 
 into the eye as a miotic in conditions of 
 mydriasis, and to lessen intraocular ten- 
 sion in glaucoma. It is used in these con- 
 ditions in solution of the strength of from one 
 to two grains to the ounce. P. Sulfate (phy- 
 sostigmince sulfas, U. S. P.), eserin sulfate, is 
 used in the same manner as the salicylate. 
 
 Phytalbumose . (fi-tal'-bu-mos) [<f>uz6v, a plant; 
 albumose]. A vegetable albumose. 
 
 Phyto- (fi-to-) [cf)urdv, a, plant]. A prefix signify- 
 ing relation to plants. 
 
 Phytogenesis (fi-to-jen'-es-is) {phyto-; genesis]. 
 The science of the origin and development 
 of plants. 
 
 Phytogenous (fi-to]' -en-us) [see Phytogenesis]. 
 Produced by plants. 
 
 Phytolacca (fi-to -lak' -ah) [phyto-; lacca, lac]. 
 The dried root of P. decandra, a plant of the 
 natural order Phytolaccacece. It is emetoca- 
 thartic and slightly narcotic, and has been 
 used in rheumatism and locally in granular 
 conjunctivitis and parasitic skin diseases. 
 Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-1.9 Gm.). P., Fluid- 
 extract of (fluidextr actum phytolaccce, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-1.9 Cc). 
 
 Phytolin (fi'-tol-in). A proprietary liquid said 
 to be prepared from berries of Phytolacca 
 decandra, used in obesity. 
 
 Phytoparasite (fi-to-par' -as-lt) {phyto-; para- 
 site]. A vegetable parasite. 
 
 Phytopathology (fi-to-path-ol'-o-je) [phyto-; 
 pathology]. 1. The science of diseases of 
 plants. 2. The science of diseases due to 
 vegetable organisms. 
 
 Phytoplasm (fi'-to-plazm) [phyto-; plasma]. 
 Vegetable protoplasm. 
 
 Phytosis (fi-to'-sis) [<j>ut6v, a plant]. Any dis- 
 ease due to vegetable organisms. 
 
 Phytosterin (fi-to s'-ter -in) [phyto-, axkap, fat]. 
 A fat-like substance, similar to cholesterin, 
 present in plant-seeds and sprouts. 
 
 Pia, Pia mater (pi-a mah'-ter) [L., "kind or 
 tender mother"]. The vascular membrane 
 enveloping the surface of the brain and spinal 
 cord, and consisting of a plexus of blood- 
 vessels held in a fine areolar tissue. 
 
 Piaarachnitis (pi-ah-ar-ak-ni'-tis). See Pia- 
 rachnitis. 
 
 Piaarachnoid (pi-ah-ar-ak' -noid) . See Pia- 
 rachnoid. 
 
 Pial (pi'-al) [pia]. Pertaining to the pia. 
 
 Pian (pi' -an) . See Frambesia. 
 
 Piano-player's Cramp. A painful spasm of 
 the muscles occurring in piano-players as the 
 result of overuse of the muscles in playing; a 
 
 ' form of occupation-neurosis. 
 
 Piarachnitis (pi-ah-rak-ni'-tis) [piarachnoid; 
 crcc, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 piarachnoid. Syn., Leptomeningitis. 
 
 Piarachnoid (pi-ah-rak' -noid) [pia; arachnoid]. 
 The pia and arachnoid considered as one 
 structure. 
 
 Piazza's Fluid. Sodium chlorid and ferric 
 chlorid, each, 1 Gm.; water, 4 Cc. It is used 
 as a means of coagulating blood. 
 
 Pica (pi'-kah) [L., "magpie"]. A craving for 
 unnatural and strange articles of food; a 
 symptom present in certain forms of insanity, 
 hysteria, and chlorosis, and during pregnancy. 
 
 Picea (pis'-e-ah) [L., "the pitch-pine"]. A 
 genus of coniferous trees. P. alba is the 
 white spruce. P. excelsa, or P. vulgaris, the 
 common fir or pitch-pine, yields resin and 
 turpentine. P. nigra is the black spruce. 
 
 Picein (pis'-e-in) [picea], H 18 7 H 2 0. A 
 glucosid from the leaves of the Norway 
 spruce, Picea excelsa. 
 
 Piceous (pis'-e-us) [pix, pitch]. Resembling 
 pitch. 
 
 Pick's Bundle. An anomalous bundle of 
 nerve-fibers in the oblongata connected with 
 the pyramidal tract. P.'s Disease, pseudo- 
 cirrhosis of the liver, met occasionally as a 
 complication of adhesive pericarditis. 
 
 Picolin (pik'-o-lin) [picea; oleum, oil], C 6 H 7 N. 
 Methylpyridin, a liquid obtained by distilla- 
 tion from coal-tar. 
 
 Picraena (pik-re' -nah) [ncKpoc, bitter]. A genus of 
 the SimarubecE, indigenous to the West Indies. 
 P. excelsa furnishes Jamaica quassia. P. 
 vellozii, quina quassia, is a Brazilian species; 
 the bark is used in dyspepsia and in inter- 
 mittent fever. 
 
 Picramic Acid (pik-ram'-ik) [ntupoc, bitter; 
 amin], C 6 H 5 N 3 5 . Picric acid in which one 
 N0 2 radicle has been replaced by NH 2 . 
 
 Picramin (pik-ram' -in) . A synonym of Amarin. 
 
 Picramnia (pik-ram' -ne-ah) [ncupbc, bitter; 
 dhpvoc, shrub]. A genus of the Simarubce. P. 
 pentandra, of the West Indies, furnishes a 
 bitter tonic. The bark of the root and stem 
 (Honduras bark) is used in colic, syphilis, and 
 cholera. 
 
PICRASMA 
 
 762 
 
 PILL 
 
 Picrasma (pik-raz'-mah) [ncKpog, bitter]. A 
 genus of the Simarubece. The bark of P. 
 javanica, of Java, and of P. quassoides, of 
 India, is used as an antipyretic, and the wood 
 as a substitute for quassia; the wood contains 
 quassin. 
 
 Picrate (pik'-rat) [picric acid]. A salt of picric 
 acid. 
 
 Picratol (pik'-rat-ol). See Silver Trinitro- 
 phenolate. 
 
 Picric Acid (pik'-rik) [ncxpdf, bitter]. See Acid, 
 Picric. P. -acid Test. See Braun's Reac- 
 tion for Glucose. 
 
 Picroanilin (pik-ro-an'-il-in). A histologic 
 stain consisting of a mixture of saturated 
 solutions of picric acid and anilin-blue. 
 
 Picrocarmin (pik-ro-kar'-min) [ncKpog, bitter; 
 carmin]. A preparation for staining speci- 
 mens for the microscope. Its composition is 
 as follows: carmin, i; ammonia, 5; distilled 
 water, 50 parts. After solution 50 parts of a 
 saturated watery solution of picric acid are 
 added, and the mixture allowed to stand in a 
 wide-mouthed bottle until the ammonia has 
 evaporated. It is then filtered. 
 
 Picroformal (pik-ro-form'-al). A fixing agent 
 consisting of a mixture of a saturated solution 
 of picric acid and a 6% aqueous solution of 
 formal. 
 
 Picrol (pik'-roT), C 6 HI 2 (OH) 2 S0 3 K. A white, 
 odorless powder containing 52% of iodin; 
 soluble in alcohol and ether; used as a wound 
 antiseptic. Syn., Potassium diiodoresorcin- 
 monosulfate. 
 
 Picronigrosin {pik-ro-ni'-gro-sin). A stain 
 consisting of picric acid and nigrosin in 
 alcohol. 
 
 Picrotoxin (pik-ro-toks'-in) [izcKpoc, bitter; ro£c- 
 kov, a poison]. A bitter neutral principle pre- 
 . pared from Anamirta paniculata (Cocculus 
 indicus). Picrotoxin stimulates the motor and 
 inhibitory centers in the medulla, especially the 
 respiratory and vagus centers ; it causes epilep- 
 tiform spasms by irritation of the motor centers 
 of the cerebrum or cord. Its action is much like 
 that of strychnin. It has been used in an 
 ointment (10 gr. to 1 oz.) in pityriasis capitis 
 and in pediculosis. It is useful in the night- 
 sweats of phthisis and in the complex of 
 symptoms known as vasomotor ataxia. 
 
 Dose 
 
 jr. (0.001-0.003 Grm."). 
 
 Piebald Skin. See Leukoderma and Vitiligo. 
 
 Piedra (pe-a'-drah) [S.A.]. A disease of the 
 hair marked by the formation of hard, pin- 
 head-sized nodules on the shaft of the hair; 
 it is thought to be due to a micrococcus. 
 
 Piesimeter, Piesmeter {pi-es-im'-et-er, pi-es'- 
 me-ter). See Piezometer. 
 
 Piezometer (pi-e-zom' -et-er) [iidrecv, to press; 
 fikrpov, a measure]. An apparatus for meas- 
 uring the degree of compression of gases. 
 2. An apparatus for testing the sensitiveness 
 of the skin to pressure. 
 
 Pigment (pig'-ment) [pingere, to paint]. A 
 dye-stuff; a coloring-matter. Pigments may 
 be in solution or in the form of granules or 
 crystals. P., Blood-. See P., Hematogen- 
 
 ous. P., Cholera-blue, a color-base ob- 
 tained by dissolving cholera-red in concen- 
 trated sulfuric acid and then neutralizing 
 with caustic soda. P., Cholera-red, a color- 
 base found in cultures of cholera bacilli which, 
 upon addition of mineral acids, gives a beau- 
 tiful violet color. On rendering the solution 
 alkaline and shaking it with benzol the 
 cholera-red is obtained in brownish-red 
 lamellas. Distillation of cholera-red with 
 zinc dust gives indol. P. -granule, one of 
 the minute structureless masses of which pig- 
 ment consists. P., Hematogenous, any pig- 
 ment derived from the blood. Hematogenous 
 pigments are hemoglobin, hematoidin, hemo- 
 siderin, and the bile-pigments, which are 
 indirectly derived from the blood-pigment. 
 P., Metabolic, a pigment formed by the 
 metabolic action of cells. Melanin is the 
 type of metabolic pigments. 
 
 Pigmentary {pig' -men-ta-re) [pigment]. Per- 
 taining to or containing pigment; character- 
 ized by the formation of pigment. 
 
 Pigmentation (pig-men-ta' -shun) [pigment]. 
 Deposition of or discoloration by pigment. 
 
 Pigmentodermia (pig-ment-o-der' -me-ah) . See 
 Chrom oderm a to sis . 
 
 Pigmentophage (pig-ment'-o-fdf) [pigment; 
 (frajecv, to eat]. A phagocyte which destroys 
 the pigment of hairs. 
 
 Pilary (pi'-lar-e) [pilus, a hair]. Pertaining 
 to the hair. 
 
 Pilastered (pi-las' -terd) [pila, a pillar]. 
 Flanged so as to have a fluted appearance; 
 arranged in pilasters or columns. P. Femur, 
 a condition of the femur in which the back- 
 ward concavity of the shaft is exaggerated 
 and the linea aspera prominent. 
 
 Pilation (pi-la' -shun) . See Fracture, Capillary. 
 
 Pile (piP) [pilus, a hair]. 1. The hair or hairs 
 collectively of any part of the integument. 
 2. A hemorrhoid. 3. A battery. P., Pros- 
 tatic, a condition of enlarged prostate in 
 which hemorrhage results. P., Thermo- 
 electric, a battery in which an electric current 
 is generated on heating the bars of two kinds 
 of metal soldered together, of which the pile 
 consists. An index registering the exact 
 degree of heat is moved by the current. 
 
 Pileous (pi'-le-us) [pilus, a hair]. Pertaining 
 to hair; hairy. 
 
 Piles (pilz). See Hemorrhoid. 
 
 Piliganin (pi-lig'-an-in), C 15 H 24 N 2 0( ? ). An 
 alkaloid obtained from Lycopodium sau- 
 rurus; it is emetic, cathartic, drastic, anthel- 
 mintic, antispasmic. Dose ^-| gr. (0.01- 
 0.02 Gm.). The hydrochlorate is used in the 
 
 • same way. 
 
 Pill [pilula, dim. of pila, a ball]. A small, 
 round mass containing one or more medicinal 
 substances and used for internal administra- 
 tion. P., Blaud's. See Ferrous Carbonate, 
 Pills of. P., Blue. See Mercury Mass. P.s, 
 Compound Cathartic. See Compound 
 Cathartic Pills. P., Griffith's. Synonym of 
 P., Blaud's. P., Lady Webster's, pill of 
 aloes and mastic. P. 
 
PILLAR 
 
 763 
 
 PINOCYTOSIS 
 
 used to hold together the medicinal ingredients 
 of a pill. 
 Pillar (pil'-ar) [pila, a pillar]. A columnar 
 structure acting as a support. P. of the 
 Abdominal Ring, one of the columns on 
 each side of the abdominal ring. P. of 
 the Fauces, one of the folds of mucous mem- 
 brane on each side of the fauces. P. of 
 the Fornix, Anterior, a band of white 
 matter on each side passihg from the anterior 
 extremity of the fornix to the base of the brain. 
 P. of the Fornix, Posterior, one of two bands 
 passing from the posterior extremities of the 
 fornix into the descending horn of the lateral 
 ventricle. 
 
 Pilo- (pi-lo-) [pilns, a hair]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to the hair or hairy. 
 
 Pilocarpidin (pi-lo-kar' -pid-in). An alkaloid 
 from jaborandi similar in physiologic effect 
 to pilocarpin but weaker. 
 Pilocarpin (pi-lo-kar' -pin) [see Pilocarpus]. 
 An alkaloid isolated from pilocarpus. Used 
 locally as a miotic. See Pilocarpus. P. 
 Hydrochlorid (pilocarpines hydrochloridum, 
 U. S. P.). Dose i gr. (0.008 Gm.). P. 
 Nitrate (pilocarpines nitras, U. S. P.). Dose 
 I gr. (0.008 Gm.). 
 
 Pilocarpus (pi-lo-kar' -pus) [pilo-; Kapitoc, fruit]. 
 The leaflets of Pilocarpus jaborandi, a South 
 American shrub of the natural order Rutacece; 
 it yields pilocarpin, C n H 18 N 2 2 , which re- 
 sembles atropin in action. Jaborandi and its 
 alkaloid pilocarpin taken internally produce 
 
 - salivation, perspiration, and contraction of the 
 pupil. They are employed as diaphoretics in 
 dropsy, Bright's disease, uremia, rheumatism, 
 and in the early stage of cold. Dose 20- 
 40 gr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). P., Fluidextract of 
 (fluidextr -actum pilocarpi, U. S. P.). Dose 
 10-30 min. (0.6-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Pilocystic (pi-lo-sis'-tik) [pilo-; Kuaxcg, a sac]. 
 Applied to encysted tumors containing hair 
 and fat. 
 
 Pilomotor (pi-lo-mo' -tor) [pilo-; movere, to 
 move]. Causing movement of the hair. P. 
 Nerves, nerves causing contraction of the 
 arrectores pili. P. Reflex, the appearance 
 of "goose-skin" when the skin is irritated. 
 
 Pilonidal (pi-lo-ni' -dal) [pilo-; nidus, a nest]. 
 Containing an accumulation of hairs in 
 a cyst. P. Fistula, a fistula in the neigh- 
 borhood of the rectum depending upon the 
 presence of a tuft of hair in the tissues. 
 
 Pilose, Pilous (pi'-los, pi'-lus) [pilosus, hairy]. 
 Hairy. 
 
 Pilosis (pi-lo'-sis) [pilus, a hair]. The ab- 
 normal or excessive development of hair. 
 
 Piltz's Reflex. Alteration of the size of the 
 pupil when the attention is suddenly fixed. 
 
 Pilula (pil'-u-lah) [L.]. A pill. 
 
 Pilular (pil'-u-lar) [pilula, dim. of pila, a ball]. 
 Of the nature of or pertaining to pills. 
 
 Pilule (pil'-ul) [pilula, a small pill]. A small 
 pill. 
 
 Pimelorrhea (pim-el-or-e' -ah) [ru/ieXr), fat; 
 pn'ca, a flow] An excessive fatty discharge. 
 Fecal discharge of undigested fat. 
 
 Pimenta (pi-men' -tah) [Sp., pimiento]. All- 
 spice, the nearly ripe fruit of P. officinalis, a 
 tree of the natural order Myrtaceee. It has 
 a fragrant aromatic odor, due to the presence 
 of a volatile oil. Pimenta is used as an aro- 
 matic carminative in flatulence and locally 
 in chilblains. Dose 10-40 gr. (0.65-2.6 Gm.). 
 P., Oil of (oleum pimenta, U. S. P.). Dose 
 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). 
 
 Pimpinella (pirn- pin-el' -ah). A genus of 
 umbelliferous plants. P. anisum yields anise. 
 P. saxijraga is said to be diaphoretic, diuretic, 
 and stomachic, and has been employed in 
 asthma, dropsy, amenorrhea, etc. Dose \ dr. 
 (2 Cc). 
 
 Pimple (pim'-pl) [AS., pipe!]. A small 
 pustule or papule. 
 
 Pinapin (pin'-ap-in). A fermented pineapple- 
 juice, recommended in catarrh of the stomach, 
 also as a spray in nasal catarrh. 
 
 Pinard's Sign. After the sixth month of 
 pregnancy a sharp pain upon pressure over 
 the fundus uteri is frequently a sign of breech 
 presentation. 
 
 Pincet, Pincette (pin-set') [Fr.]. A small 
 forceps. 
 
 Pinckneya (pingk'-ne-ah). A genus of the 
 Rubiacece. P. pubens is a small tree of the 
 southern United States. The bark is astringent 
 and tonic and is used in intermittent fevers. 
 
 Pine (pin) [pinus]. A genus of trees of the 
 order Conifers, yielding turpentine, pitch, 
 tar, and other substances. 
 
 Pineal (pin'-e-al) [pinus, a pine-cone], Be- 
 longing to or shaped like a pine-cone. P. 
 Body, P. Gland, a small, reddish-gray, 
 vascular body situated behind the third ven- 
 tricle, which is embraced by its two peduncles; 
 it is also called the conarium, from its conic 
 shape. P. Eye, a rudimentary third, median, 
 or unpaired eye of certain lizards, with which 
 the pineal body of the mammalia is homol- 
 ogous. 
 
 Pinene (pi'-nen) [pinus, pine], C 10 H 16 . A 
 hydrocarbon, the chief constituent of many 
 essential oils. 
 
 Pineoline (pin'-e-o-len). A proprietary ex- 
 tract of the needles of Pinus pumilio, com- 
 bined with vaselin and lanolin; it is used as 
 an application in skin diseases. 
 
 Pinguecula (pin-gwek'-u-lah). SeePing-uicula. 
 
 Pinguicula (pin-gwik'-u-lah) [dim. of pinguis, 
 fat]. A small, yellowish-white patch situated 
 on the conjunctiva, between the cornea and 
 the canthus of the eye; it is composed of 
 connective tissue. 
 
 Piniform (pi'-nif-orm) [pine; forma, form]. 
 Shaped like a pine-cone. 
 
 Pink-eye. A contagious, mucopurulent con- 
 junctivitis occurring especially in horses. 
 
 Pinkroot. See Spigelia. 
 
 Pinna (pin' -ah) [L., "feather"; "wing"]. The 
 projecting part of the external ear; the auricle. 
 
 Pinocytosis (pin-o-si-to' -sis) [ricvecv, to drink; 
 k'jtoc, a cell]. A name for the property ex- 
 hibited by phagocytes of imbibing and ab- 
 sorbing liquid substances. 
 
PINOL 
 
 764 
 
 PITCH 
 
 
 Pinol (pi' -nol). The commercial name for the 
 oil distilled from the needles of Pinus pumilio. 
 It is recommended in tuberculosis, rheuma- 
 tism, etc., and may be used externally and 
 internally. 
 
 Pint (pint) [Sp., pinta, a spot, from L., pingere, 
 to paint]. The eighth part of a gallon. 
 Symbol O (octarins). 
 
 Pinta Disease (pen'-ta)[Sp., "spot"]. Spotted 
 sickness; a tropical contagious disease charac- 
 terized by scaly spots, variable in color, shape, 
 and size. The disease usually begins on the 
 
 . face and extremities, and is probably due to a 
 parasite. 
 
 Pinus (pi'-nus). The pine (q. v.). P. pumilio, of 
 the Alps, yields a turpentine and an oil used 
 in medicine. The bark of P. slrobus, white 
 pine of the northern United States, is astrin- 
 gent and antiseptic, and is used in diarrhea and 
 dysentery. Dose of the fluidextract 30-60 min. 
 (1.8-3.7 Cc). An oil distilled from the leaves 
 of P. sylvestris, Scotch pine or fir, is 
 used in medicine; the young pine-cones are 
 used as a diuretic. An extract from the 
 leaves is used as a diuretic and antiseptic. 
 Dose 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). 
 
 Pinworm. See Oxyuris. 
 
 Pioepithelium (pi-o-ep-ith-e'-le-um) [n'cojv, fat; 
 epithelium]. Epithelium containing fat. 
 
 Pionemia (pi-on-e' -me-ah) . See Lipemia. 
 
 Piotrowski's Reaction for Proteids. The 
 biuret reaction; a violet color is produced 
 on heating a proteid with an excess of a con- 
 centrated solution of sodium hydroxid and one 
 or two drops of a dilute solution of copper 
 sulfate. This color is deepened by boiling. 
 
 Pip. A contagious disease of fowls charac- 
 terized by a secretion of thick mucus in the 
 throat and mouth. 
 
 Piper (pi' -per) [L.]. Pepper (q. v.). 
 
 Piperazidin (pi-per-az' -id-in). See Piper azin. 
 
 Piperazin (pi-per-a'-zin), C 4 H 10 N 2 . Diethyl- 
 endiamin, a crystalline substance produced 
 by the action of ammonia on ethylene bromid 
 or chlorid. It is readily soluble in water. In 
 watery solutions it acts as an excellent solvent 
 of uric acid. It is used internally in cases 
 of gout, lithemia, diabetes, and as a solvent 
 for uric-acid calculi. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 
 a day; for hypodermatic use it is best em- 
 ployed in a 2% solution. P. Quinate, a 
 form used in gout. Dose 75-120 gr. (5-8 
 Gm.) daily in broken doses. P. Water, a 
 combination of equal parts of piperazin and 
 phenocoll in water. 
 
 Piperic {pi-per f -ik) [piper]. Pertaining to or 
 containing pepper. P. Acid, C 12 H 10 O 4 , 
 a monobasic acid obtained by decomposing 
 piperin. 
 
 Piperidin (pi-per' -id-in) [piper], C 5 H n N. 
 A liquid base produced in the decom- 
 position of piperin. P. Bitartrate, is 
 recommended in uratic diathesis. Dose 
 10-16 gr. (0.65-1.03 Gm.) 3 times daily. 
 P. Guaiacolate, C 5 H 11 N.(C 7 H 8 2 ) 2 , is used 
 in tuberculosis. Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.) 
 twice daily. 
 
 Piperin (pi' -per -in). A neutral principle (pi- 
 perina, U. S. P.) obtained from pepper. 
 Dose 1-6 gr. (0.065-0.4 Gm.). 
 
 Piperovatin (pi-per-o'-va-lin), C 16 H 21 N0 2 . A 
 crystalline alkaloid isolated from Piper 
 ovatum. It is a heart-poison and depressant 
 of the motor and sensory nerves, and acts as 
 does strychnin. 
 
 Pipet, Pipette (pip-ef) [Fr., dim. of pipe]. 
 A glass tube open at both ends, but usually 
 drawn out to a smaller size at one end. It 
 is used to transfer small portions of a 
 liquid from one vessel to another. 
 
 Pipsissewa (pip-sis' -e-wah) . See Chimaphila. 
 
 Piria's Test for Tyrosin. Moisten the sub- 
 stance on a watch-glass with concentrated 
 sulfuric acid, and warm two to ten minutes 
 on a water-bath. Dilute with water, warm, 
 neutralize with barium carbonate, filter while 
 warm, and add a dilute solution of ferric 
 chlorid. In the presence of tyrosin a violet 
 color results. An excess of ferric chlorid 
 destroys the color. 
 
 Pirogoff's Formula. Sublimed sulfur, \ oz.; 
 potassium carbonate, 1 oz.; distilled water, \ 
 oz.; tincture of iodin, 1 oz.; lard, 3 oz. 
 Used for the treatment of favus. P.'s Opera- 
 tion. See Operation, Pirogoff's. 
 
 Piroplasma (pi-ro-plaz'-mah) [nop, fire; TtXaoaecv, 
 to form]. A genus of hematozoa. P. 
 hominis, the supposed cause of a disease 
 known as spotted fever. See Fever, Spotted (2) . 
 
 Piscidia erythrina (pis-id' -e-ah er-e-thri'-nah) 
 [piscis, fish; ccedere, to kill]. Jamaica dog- 
 wood, a tree of the order Leguminosce, the 
 bark of which has been used for stupefying 
 fish. It contains a neutral principle, piscidin. 
 Piscidin has been used as an anodyne in 
 neuralgia, whooping-cough, and insomnia. 
 Dose of the fluidextract 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Piscidin (pis' -id-in). See under Piscidia erythrina. 
 
 Pisiform (pis' -i] -or m) [pisum, a pea; forma, 
 form]. Pea-shaped. P. Bone, a small bone 
 on the inner and anterior aspect of the carpus. 
 
 Pistia (pis' -te-ah) [tzcotoc, drinking]. A genus of 
 the Aracece. The leaves of P. stratiotes, 
 tropical duckweed, are used internally in 
 diabetes and dysentery, externally on hemor- 
 rhoids and abscesses. 
 
 Pit [AS., pyt, from puteus, a well or pit]. 1. A 
 depression, as the pit of the stomach; the 
 armpit. 2. To indent by pressing; to be- 
 come indented on pressure. 
 
 Pitch [ME., picchen, to throw]. 1. The height 
 of a sound; that quality which depends upon 
 the relative rapidity of the vibrations that 
 produce the sound. 2. [AS., pic, from pix, 
 pitch.] A hard' but viscous, shining sub- 
 stance, breaking with a conchoid fracture, 
 obtained from various species of pine and from 
 tar. P. -blende, an oxid of uranium, the 
 source of the radium salts known to com- 
 merce. It occurs in pitchy black masses, 
 rarely in octahedrons. Syn., Pechurane; 
 Uraninite. P., Burgundy, the prepared 
 resinous exudation of Abies excelsa, used 
 in the form of various plasters as a coun- 
 
PITH 
 
 765 
 
 PLAGIOCEPHALIC 
 
 terirritant in chronic rheumatism. P., Can- 
 ada, a resin obtained from Abies canadensis, 
 and formerly used for making plasters. P., 
 Liquid (pix liquida, U. S. P., B. P.), tar. 
 See Tar. 
 
 Pith [AS., pitha]. i. The soft cellular tissue 
 found in the center of the stalks of 
 plants. 2. To cut off all connection of the 
 brain-centers of an animal with the periphery 
 by piercing the brain and spinal cord. 
 
 Pithecoid (pith'-e-koid) [tzWtjkoc, an ape; eldoc, 
 likeness]. Resembling an ape. P. Theory, 
 the theory of man's descent from the ape. 
 
 Pitres' Sections. A series of nearly vertical 
 sections through the brain for postmortem ex- 
 aminations. P.'s Sign. i. "Signe du cor- 
 deau"; the angle formed by the axis of the 
 sternum and the line represented by a cord 
 dropped from the suprasternal notch to the 
 symphysis pubis indicates the degree of de- 
 viation of the sternum in cases of pleuritic 
 effusion. 2. Hypesthesia of the scrotum and 
 testis in tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Pituita {pit-u'-it-ah) [L.]. Phlegm; mucus. 
 
 Pituitary {pit-u' -it-a-re) [pituita']. Secret- 
 ing or containing mucus. P. Body, 
 a small, reddish-gray, vascular body, weigh- 
 ing about ten grains, contained within the 
 sella turcica of the skull. It consists of two 
 portions — the large anterior or oral, and the 
 small posterior or cerebral division. The ante- 
 rior lobe is derived as a diverticulum from 
 the primitive oral cavity; the posterior lobe 
 descends as an outgrowth from the brain, 
 communicating in fetal life with the third 
 ventricle. The stalk of this outgrowth re- 
 mains as the infundibulum. The pituitary 
 body has attracted much attention on account 
 of pathologic changes in its structure in cer- 
 tain obscure diseases, such as akromegaly, 
 myxedema, and others. In some cases of 
 akromegaly it has been much enlarged. 
 Syn., Hypophysis cerebri. P. Membrane, 
 the schneiderian membrane. 
 
 Pituitous {pit-u' -it-us) [pituita]. Containing 
 or resembling mucus. 
 
 Pityriasis {pit-ir-i' -as-is) [nhopov, bran]. 1. 
 A term applied to various skin affections 
 characterized by fine, branny desquamation. 
 2. Seborrhea. P. capitis, P. capillitii, 
 alopecia furfuracea. P. circinata et mar- 
 ginata, a disease characterized by an erup- 
 tion of rose-colored spots on the trunk, the 
 limbs, and in the axillas, associated with slight 
 fever and itching. P. furfuracea, sebor- 
 rhcea sicca. P. pilaris. See Keratosis pila- 
 ris. P. rosea. See P. circinata et marginata. 
 P. rubra, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, 
 beginning in one or more localized patches, 
 which coalesce and gradually invade the whole 
 body. The skin is deep red in color, and 
 covered by whitish vesicles that constantly 
 reform. The disease lasts months or years, and 
 generally ends fatally. Syn., Dermatitis exfoli- 
 ativa. P. versicolor. See Tinea versicolor. 
 
 Pityroid {pit' -ir-oid) [ncxupov, bran; eedof, like]. 
 Branny. 
 
 Pix {piks). See Pitch (2). P. liquida. See 
 
 Pitch, Liquid. 
 
 Pixine {piks' -en). A surgical dressing said to 
 consist of Burgundy pitch with a wool-fat 
 base. 
 
 Pixol {piks'-ol). A solution of wood-tar in soap. 
 
 Place, Kiesselbach's. See Kiesselbach' s Place. 
 
 Placebo {pla-se'-bo) [L., "I will please," from 
 placere, to please]. A medicine given for 
 the purpose of pleasing or humoring the pa- 
 tient, rather than for its therapeutic effect. 
 
 Placenta {pla-sen'-tah) [-Xanoug, a cake]. The 
 organ on the wall of the uterus to which the 
 embryo is attached by means of the umbili- 
 cal cord and from which it receives its nourish- 
 ment. It is developed, about the third 
 month of gestation, from the chorion of the 
 embryo and the decidua serotina of the 
 uterus. The villi of the chorion enlarge and 
 are received into depressions of the decidua, 
 and around them blood-sinuses form, into 
 which, by diffusion, the waste-materials 
 brought from the fetus by the umbilical ar- 
 teries pass, and from which the blood receives 
 oxygen and food-material being returned to 
 the fetus by the umbilical vein. At term 
 the placenta weighs one pound, is one inch 
 thick at its center, and seven inches in diam- 
 eter. P., Adherent, one that is abnormally 
 adherent to the uterine wall after childbirth. 
 P., Battledore, one in which the insertion 
 of the cord is at the margin of the placenta. 
 P., Circumvallate, a thickening or fungiform 
 enlargement of the placenta at the point at 
 which the decidua vera and the decidua reflexa 
 would have united in cases in which such 
 union has been thwarted by hypersecretion 
 of the former or by endometritic processes. 
 P. praevia, a placenta that is fixed to that part 
 of the uterine wall that becomes stretched 
 as labor advances, so that it precedes the 
 advance of the presenting part of the fetus. 
 Being detached before the birth of the child, 
 it generally causes grave hemorrhage. P., 
 Retained, one not expelled by the uterus 
 after labor. P. succenturiata, an accessory 
 placenta. 
 
 Placental {pla-sen'-tal) [placenta]. Pertaining 
 to the placenta. P. Murmur, P. Souffle, a 
 sound attributed to the circulation of blood in 
 the placenta. 
 
 Placentation {pla-sen-ta' -shun) [placenta]. 
 The formation and mode of attachment of 
 the placenta. 
 
 Placentitis {pla-sen-ti'-tis) [placenta; cue, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the placenta. 
 
 Placentoma {pla-sen-to' -mah) . A neoplasm 
 springing from a retained portion of a 
 placenta. 
 
 Placido's Disc. A keratoscope composed of a 
 disc with concentric circles. 
 
 Pladaroma {plad-ar-o' -mah) [~Xadapa>ua, wet- 
 ness; softness]. A soft wart or tumor of the 
 eyelid. 
 
 Plagiocephalic {pla-je-o-sef-al'-ik) [plagio- 
 cephaly]. Having a skull exhibiting plagio- 
 cephaly. 
 
PLAGIOCEPHALY 
 
 766 
 
 PLASMODIUM 
 
 Plagiocephaly {pla-je-o-sef -al-e) [rdaycoc, 
 oblique; Ks<f>a).r), head]. A malformation of 
 the head produced by the closing of half of 
 the coronal suture, giving an oblique growth 
 to the cranial roof. 
 
 Plague (pldg) [xtyj-rj, a stroke]. A contagious 
 disease endemic in eastern Asia, and in 
 former times occurring epidemically in Europe 
 and Asia Minor. After a period of incubation 
 of from three to eight days the disease begins 
 with fever, pain, and swelling of the lymphatic 
 glands, chiefly the femoral, inguinal, axillary, 
 and cervical. Headache, delirium, vomiting, 
 and diarrhea may be present. When recov- 
 ery is probable, the temperature falls in 
 about a week. The cause of the disease 
 is believed to be a bacillus found by Kitasato 
 in the blood, buboes, and internal organs of 
 the victims of the plague. 
 
 Planarthragra {plan-ar-thra! -grah) [nXavav, to 
 cause to winder; apdpov, a joint; ay pa, a 
 seizure]. Gout which wanders from one joint 
 to another. 
 
 Plane {plan) [planus, flat]. Any flat, smooth 
 surface, especially any assumed or conven- 
 tional surface, whether tangent to the body 
 or dividing it. 
 
 Planiceps {pla'-ni-seps) [planus, flat; caput, a 
 head]. Flat-headed. 
 
 Planipes {pla'-ne-pez) [planus, flat; pes, afoot]. 
 Having flat feet. 
 
 Piano- {pla-no-) [planus, flat], i. A prefix signi- 
 fying flat or level; also a lens having no re- 
 fracting power. 2. [nkavoc, wandering.] A 
 prefix signifying wandering. 
 
 Planocellular {pla-no-seV -u-lar) [piano-; cel- 
 lula, cell]. Flat-celled. 
 
 Planocompressed {pla-no-kom-prest') . So com- 
 pressed that the opposite sides are flat. 
 
 Planoconcave {pla-no-kon-kav') . Concave on 
 one surface and flat on the opposite side. 
 
 Planoconic {pla-no-kon'-ik). Having one side 
 flat and the other conic. 
 
 Planoconvex {pla-no-kon-veks') . Plane on one 
 side and convex on the other. 
 
 Planocyte {plan' -o-sit) [piano-; kutoc, sl cell]. 
 A wandering cell. 
 
 Planorheumatism {plan-o-ru' -mat-izm) [piano-; 
 rheumatism]. Wandering or metastatic rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 Planta (plan'-tah) [L.]. The sole of the 
 foot. 
 
 Plantar {plan'-tar) [planta]. Pertaining to the 
 sole of the foot. P. Arch. See Arch, Plantar. P. 
 Fascia, the dense triangular shaped aponeu- 
 rosis occupying the middle and sides of the 
 sole of the foot beneath the integument. 
 P. Reflex. See under Reflex. 
 
 Plantaris {plan-ta'-ris). See under Muscle. 
 
 Plantigrade {plan'-te-grdd) [planta; gradi, to 
 walk]. Bringing the entire length of the sole 
 of the foot to the ground in walking, as is seen 
 in the bear. 
 
 Plantose {plan'-toz). A pale-yellow dietetic 
 powder prepared from the oil-cake of rape- 
 seed, containing 12% of nitrogen. 
 
 Planuria {plan-u' -re-ah) [nlkvoc, straying; 
 
 oupov, urine]. The discharge of urine through 
 abnormal passages. 
 
 Plaque (plak) [Ft.]. A patch. P.s, Blood-. 
 See Blood-platelets. P s, Opaline, scattered 
 white spots, like those caused by silver nitrate, 
 seen on the fauces, hard palate, cheeks, and 
 lips; an early affection in syphilis. 
 
 Plasma {plaz'-mah) [TzXaajxa, a thing molded]. 
 1. The fluid part of the blood and the lymph. 
 See Blood-plasma. 2. Glycerite of starch. 
 P. -cells, large, granular cells found in the 
 connective tissue. P., Lymph-, the fluid 
 part of the lymph. P., Muscle-. See Muscle- 
 plasma. 
 
 Plasmacules {plaz' -ma-kills). See Hemokonia. 
 
 Plasmatic {plaz-mat' -ik) [plasma]. Pertaining 
 to plasma. P. Layer, the layer of plasma 
 next to the wall of a capillary. 
 
 Plasmatosis {plaz-mat-o' -sis) [plasma]. The 
 liquefaction of cell-substance as seen in the 
 cells of the secreting milk-gland and in the 
 cells of secreting glands of the cervix 
 uteri. 
 
 I>la.smexhidrosis{plaz-meks-hi-dro'-sis)[plasma; 
 iq, out of; hidrosis]. The exudation of plasma 
 from the blood-vessels. 
 
 Plasmin {plaz'-min) [plasma]. A name given 
 to the precipitate obtained from blood by 
 treating it with a saturated solution of sodium 
 sulfate, allowing the corpuscles to subside, 
 then precipitating the plasma with sodium 
 chlorid, and washing the precipitate with a 
 saturated solution of sodium chlorid. 
 
 Plasmo- (plaz-mo-) [plasma]. A prefix mean- 
 ing relating to the plasma. 
 
 Plasmocyte {plaz' -mo-sit) [plasmo-; kutoc, a 
 cell]. Any cell, other than blood-corpuscles, 
 free in the blood-plasma. 
 
 Plasmodium {plaz-mo' -de-um) [plasmo-; eldoc, 
 form]. The mass of protoplasm formed by 
 the fusion of two or more amebiform bodies. 
 P. malariae, a protozoan parasite found in 
 the blood of persons suffering from malaria. 
 Many different forms have been observed, 
 which by some are held to be stages in the life- 
 history of the same organism, by others to be 
 different species. The development and 
 multiplication of the organism take place 
 within the red corpuscles. In intermittent 
 fever the small intracorpuscular body enlarges 
 and gradually fills the entire cell, becoming 
 pigmented at the same time. The pigment- 
 granules are formed from the hemoglobin of 
 the blood-corpuscle. When the plasmodiums 
 have acquired a certain size, the pigment- 
 granules begin to aggregate at the center of 
 the body. At this time, in the quartan form, 
 the organism becomes radially striate or 
 roset -shaped. The further step consists in the 
 breaking up of the organisms into a number 
 of small spheric bodies — the young plasmodi- 
 ums. The blood-corpuscle is destroyed, and 
 the small free elements enter other red cells. 
 Peculiar crescentic bodies, intraglobular and 
 extraglobular, have also been described. 
 They may occur in acute forms, but are most 
 constant in malarial cachexia. The signifi- 
 
PLASMOGEN 
 
 767 
 
 PLATE 
 
 cance of certain flagellate bodies has not been 
 fully determined. 
 
 Plasmogen (plaz r -mo-jen) [plasmo-; yevvav, to 
 produce]. Formative protoplasm; germ- 
 plasm; bioplasm. 
 
 Plasmolysis (plaz-moV -is-is) [plasmo-; Xuecv, 
 to loose], i. The separation of cell-proto- 
 plasm from the inclosing cell-wall. 2. The 
 contraction of living protoplasm under the 
 influence of reagents. 3. The escape of the 
 soluble substances of the blood-corpuscle. 
 
 Plasmoma (plaz-mo' '-mah) [plasmo-; ofxa, 
 tumor]. A tumor which shows a tendency 
 toward the formation of fibers. 
 
 Plasmon (plaz r -mon) [plasma]. The unaltered 
 proteid of milk. P.-butter, a mixture of 
 plasmon (6.58%) with butter (51.5 %), 
 water (41.2 %), and salt (0.72 %). It resembles 
 clotted cream in appearance and taste and 
 serves as a substitute for cod-liver oil. 
 
 Plasmophagous (plaz-mo f -ag-us) [plasmo-; 
 <f>ajelv, to eat]. Living upon protoplasm; 
 applied to organisms causing decomposition of 
 organic matter. 
 
 Plasmorrhexis (plaz-mor-eks f -is) [plasmo-; 
 pfjqir, a bursting]. The rupture of a cell and 
 the escape or loss of the plasma. 
 
 Plasmoschisis (plaz-mo s' -kis-is) [plasmo-; o%i- 
 occ, cleavage]. The splitting of a cell, as the 
 formation of disc-shaped bodies by red blood-* 
 corpuscles. 
 
 Plasmosome (plaz'-mo-som) [plasmo-; oajfia, 
 body]. One of the granular structural ele- 
 ments of cells. 
 
 Plasmotr o-pic~(plaz-mo-lrop' -ik) [plasmo-; rpo~7j, 
 a change]. Producing protoplasmic degenera- 
 tion; applied to hemolytic action which leaves 
 the red corpuscles intact in the circulation, 
 but through the influence of poisons on the 
 liver, spleen, and bone-marrow causes ex- 
 cessive destruction of them in these organs. 
 
 Plasom (plaz'-om). A proprietary preparation 
 from milk. 
 
 Plasson (plas'-son) [rtXaaaecv, to form or mold]. 
 Primitive or undifferentiated protoplasm; the 
 protoplasm of the cell in the nonnucleated 
 or cytode stage. 
 
 Plaster (plas'-ter) [ME., piastre]. 1. An ad- 
 hesive, semisolid substance spread upon cloth 
 or other flexible material for application to the 
 surface of the body. 2. Calcined gypsum 
 or calcium sulfate. P., Adhesive (emplas- 
 trum adhesivum, U. S. P.), a plaster pre- 
 pared by melting rubber and adding petro- 
 latum and lead plaster. P., Belladonna. 
 Sett Belladonna Plaster. P., Capsicum. See 
 Capsicum Plaster. P., Court-, a plaster 
 prepared by spreading a mixture of isinglass 
 upon silk. P., Diachylon, P., Lead. See 
 Plumbi, Emplastrum, under Plumbum. P., 
 Mercurial. See Mercury Plaster. P.- 
 mull, a plaster made by incorporating 
 with mull or thin muslin a mixture of 
 guttapercha and some medicament dis- 
 solved in benzin. It is used in skin dis- 
 eases. P., Mustard-, one made by spread- 
 ing upon muslin powdered mustard, or a 
 
 mixture of mustard and flour reduced to the 
 consistence of paste by the addition of water. 
 P., Opium. See Opium Plaster. P.-of- 
 paris, a mixture of calcium sulfate (gypsum) 
 and water, having the property of becom- 
 ing hard during drying. It is used for sur- 
 rounding parts, such as joints, fractured limbs, 
 etc., with a stiff casing, to prevent mobility. 
 P., Soap. See Soap Plaster. P., Spice-, 
 a plaster composed of yellow wax, suet, 
 turpentine, oil of nutmeg, olibanum, benzoin, 
 oil of peppermint, and oil of cloves, and used 
 to relieve abdominal pain in children. P., 
 Warming, a plaster of pitch and cantharides. 
 
 Plastic (plas'-tik) [itXaaaecv, to mold]. 1. For- 
 mative; building up tissues; repairing 
 defects, as plastic surgery, plastic operation. 
 2. Capable of being molded. P. Lymph, 
 the inflammatory exudate that covers wounds 
 or inflamed serous surfaces, and becomes 
 organized by the development in it of blood- 
 vessels and connective tissues. 
 
 Plasticity (plas-tis' -it-e) [plastic]. 1. Plastic 
 force. 2. The quality of being plastic. 
 
 Plastid (plas'-tid) [nXaaoecv, to mold]. An 
 elementary organism; a cell or cytode. 
 
 Plastidule (plas' -tid-ul) [dim. of plastid, an 
 elementary organism]. A protoplasmic mole- 
 cule ; one of the physical units of which living 
 matter is composed. 
 
 Plastin {plas' -till) [izXaooecv, to mold]. A phos- 
 phorized proteid, constituting the chief pro- 
 teid of protoplasm. 
 
 Plastogamy (plas-tog'-am-e) [plasma; yajioc, 
 marriage]. Permanent conjugation of cells 
 which is limited to the cytoplasm. 
 
 Plate (plat) [-XazOf, broad]. A flattened part, 
 especially a flattened process of bone, as the 
 cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, the 
 orbital plate of the frontal bone, the tympanic 
 plate of the temporal bone. P., Approxi- 
 mation-, one of the plates of decalcified bone 
 or other material that are used in enterectomy 
 to bring the resected ends of intestine to- 
 gether. P.s, Blood-. See Blood-platelets. 
 P., Bone-. See P., Approximation-. P. -cul- 
 ture, a method of obtaining pure cultures of 
 bacteria by pouring the inoculated culture- 
 medium upon sterile glass plates and allowing 
 it to solidify. P., Dorsal, one of the two 
 longitudinal ridges on the dorsal surface of the 
 embryo which subsequently join to form the 
 neural canal. P., End-. See End-plate. P. 
 Equatorial, the compressed mass of chromo- 
 somes aggregated at the equator of the nuclear 
 spindle during karyokinesis. P.s, Facial, 
 the frontonasal and external group of nasal 
 and maxillary plates of the embryo. P., 
 Franklin, a glass plate partly covered on both 
 sides with tin-foil, used as a condenser in 
 frictional electricity. P., Frontal, in the 
 fetus, a cartilaginous plate interposed be- 
 tween the lateral parts of the ethmoid 
 cartilage and the lesser wings and anterior 
 portion of the sphenoid bone. P., Fron- 
 tonasal, the middle of the facial plates, which 
 subsequently forms the external nose. P., 
 
PLATICULTURE 
 
 768 
 
 PLETHORA 
 
 Lateral Mesoblastic, the thick portion of the 
 mesoblast situated one on each side of the 
 notochord. Each plate splits into two por- 
 tions, the outer divisions coalescing to form 
 the body-wall, or somatopleure, the inner, to 
 form the splanchnopleure, or visceral cover- 
 ing. P.s, Maxillary, P.s, Maxillary, Inferior, 
 the first pair of subcranial plates from which 
 the mandible is developed. P., Nuclear. 
 See Nuclear Plate. P.s, Pterygoid, two plates 
 into which the pterygoid process of the 
 sphenoid bone divides. P.s, Subcranial. 
 See Arches, Postoral. 
 
 Platiculture (pla-ti-kuV -chur) . The cultivation 
 of bacteria on plates. 
 
 Plating (pla'-ting). See Platiculture. 
 
 Platinic {plat-in' -ik) [platinum]. Containing 
 platinum as a quadrivalent element. 
 
 Platinode {plat' -in-od) [platinum; bdoc, way]. 
 The collecting plate of an electric battery, 
 so called because formerly often made of 
 platinum. 
 
 Platinous (plat'-in-us) [platinum]. Containing 
 platinum as a bivalent element. 
 
 Platinum {plat' -in-um) [Sp., platina, dim. of 
 plata, silver]. A silver-white metal occur- 
 ring native or alloyed with other metals; 
 atomic weight 195; sp. gr. 21.5; quantival- 
 ence 11 and iv; symbol Pt. It is fusible 
 only at very high temperatures, and is in- 
 soluble in all acids except nitrohydrochloric. 
 On account of these properties it is exten- 
 sively used for chemic apparatus — crucibles, 
 foils, wire, etc.; it is also employed as a re- 
 agent. Platinum occurs, aside from its or- 
 dinary metallic form, as a spongy mass 
 (spongy platinum) and as a fine metallic 
 powder (platinum-black), which is capable 
 of condensing a great deal of oxygen, and 
 hence acts as a powerful oxidizing agent. 
 Platinum forms two sets of compounds — a 
 platinous series, in which it acts as a diad, 
 and a platinic series, in which it acts as a 
 tetrad. P. Chlorid, PtCl 4 , is used as a re- 
 agent to detect potassium and ammonium; 
 also in syphilis, in doses of |-| gr. (0.008- 
 0.03 Gm.). 
 
 Platode, Platoid (plat'-od, plat-oid') [nXaxbg, 
 broad; eldoc, form]. In biology, broad or 
 flat, as a worm. 
 
 Piatt's Chlorids. A disinfectant liquid said 
 to be a solution of the chlorids of magne- 
 sium, potassium, sodium, zinc, and alum. 
 
 Platy- (plat-e-) [nXaxuc , broad]. A prefix signi- 
 fying broad. 
 
 Platycephalic, Platycephalous (plat-is-e}-aV '- 
 ik, plat-is-ef -al-us) [platy-; ks^oXt], head]. 
 Having a broad skull with a vertical index of 
 less than 70. 
 
 Platycnemia (plat-ik-ne'-me-ah) [platy-; kvt)/j.tj, 
 leg]. The state of being platycnemic. 
 
 Platycnemic (plat-ik-ne'-mik) [see Platycnemia]. 
 Having a tibia which is exaggerated in 
 breadth; broad-legged. 
 
 Platycyte (plat'-is-lt) [platy-; kutoc, a cell]. 
 A cell intermediate in size between a giant- 
 cell and a leukocyte, found in tubercle nodules. 
 
 Platyhieric (plat-e-hi-er'-ik) [platy-;- hpbc, 
 sacrum]. Having, a broad sacrum; having 
 a sacral index of more than 100. 
 
 Pla.tymorphia (plat-e-mor'-fe-ah) [platy-; fiop^i), 
 form]. A flatness in the formation of the 
 eye and shortening of the anteroposterior 
 diameter, resulting in hyperopia. 
 
 Platymyoid (plat - e - mi' - oid) . Applied to 
 muscle-cells in which the contractile layer 
 presents an even surface. 
 
 Platypellic (plat-e-pel'-ik) [platy-; nkXXa, basin]. 
 Having a broad pelvis. 
 
 Platypodia (plat-e-po' -de-ah) [platy-; node, foot]. 
 Flat-footedness. 
 
 Platyrrhine (plat'-ir-in) [platy-; pec, nose]. 
 Having a broad and fiat nose; having a 
 nasal index above 53. 
 
 Platysma (plat-iz'-mah) [nXavjc, broad]. Any- 
 thing of considerable superficial dimensions; 
 also, a plaster. P. myoides. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Platystencephalia, Platystencephaly (plat-is- 
 ten-sef-a' -le-ah, plat-is-ten-se}' -al-e) [nXazuoTa- 
 TOf, widest; iynicfiaXoc, brain]. The condi- 
 tion of a skull very wide at the occiput and 
 with prominent jaws. 
 
 Playfair's Treatment. See Mitchell's Treat- 
 ment. 
 
 Pledget (plej'-et) [origin obscure, perhaps dim. 
 of plug]. A small flattened compress. 
 
 Pleochroic (ple-o-kro' -ik). See Pleochromatic. 
 
 Pleochroism (ple-ok' -ro-izm) [nXkwv, more; 
 Xpba, color]. The property possessed by some 
 bodies, especially crystals, of presenting dif- 
 ferent colors when viewed in the direction 
 of different axes. 
 
 Pleochromatic (ple-o-kro-mat'-ik) [see Pleo- 
 chroism]. Pertaining to or exhibiting pleo- 
 chroism. 
 
 Pleomorphic (ple-o-mor'-fik) [see Pleomorph- 
 ism]. Having more than one form. 
 
 Pleomorphism (ple-o-mor'-fizm) [nXecov, more; 
 ptopcf)7), form]. The state of being pleomor- 
 phic, i. e., of existing in widely different forms. 
 
 Plesiomorphous (ple-ze-o-mor' -jus) [tzXtjococ, 
 near; ]J-opcf)j], form]. Crystallizing in similar 
 forms but differing in chemic composition. 
 
 Plessesthesia (ples-es-the'-ze-ah) [izXfjooecv, to 
 strike; a'codfjocc, perception by the senses]. 
 Palpatory percussion performed by placing 
 the left middle finger firmly against the body 
 surface and percussing with the index-finger 
 of the right hand, allowing it to remain in 
 contact with the left finger for a few seconds. 
 
 Plessigraph (pies' -e-gra}) [tzXtjooecv, to strike; 
 Ypafatv, to write]. A form of pleximeter 
 which permits close distinctions to be made 
 in the quality of the sounds elicited, and by 
 means of a crayon attached to the stem, or- 
 gans or dull areas may be mapped on the 
 surface of the skin. 
 
 Plessimeter (ples-im' -et-er) . See Pleximeter. 
 
 Plessor (pies' -or). See Plexor. 
 
 Plethora (pleth'-or-ah) [nXfjOoc, fulness]. A 
 state characterized by an excess of blood 
 in the vessels, and marked by reddish color 
 of the face, a full pulse, a feeling of fulness 
 
PLETHORIC 
 
 769 
 
 PLEXUS 
 
 and tension in the head, drowsiness, and a 
 . tendency to nosebleed. 
 
 Plethoric {pleth' -or-ik) [plethora]. Pertaining 
 to or characterized by plethora. 
 
 Plethysmograph {pleth-iz' -mo-graf) [71X7jduap.de, 
 increasing; ypa&tv, to write]. An instru- 
 ment for ascertaining changes in the volume 
 of an organ or part, dependent upon changes 
 in the quantity of the blood. 
 
 Pleura {plu'-rah) [TiXeupa, a side]. The serous 
 membrane enveloping the lung {pulmonary 
 pleura; visceral pleura), and which, being 
 reflected back, lines the inner surface of the 
 thorax {costal pleura; parietal pleura). P., 
 Diaphragmatic, the reflection of the pleura 
 upon the upper surface of the diaphragm. 
 
 Pleural {plu'-ral) [pleura]. Pertaining to the 
 pleura. 
 
 Pleuralgia {plu-ral' -je-ah) [pleura; aXyoc;, pain]. 
 Pain in the pleura or in the side; intercostal 
 neuralgia. 
 
 Pleurapophysis {plu-rap-of'-is-is) [pleura; apo- 
 physis]. One of the lateral processes of a 
 vertebra, having the morphologic valence of 
 a rib. 
 
 Pleurapostema {plu-rap-os-te' -mah) [pleura; 
 a7z6oxf)[ia, abscess]. A collection of pus in the 
 pleural cavity. 
 
 Pleurectomy {plu-rek' '-to-me) [pleura; EKzoai), 
 a cutting out]. Excision of a part of the 
 pleura. 
 
 Pleurisy {plu'-ris-e) [pleura]. Pleuritis; in- 
 flammation of the pleura. It may be acute 
 or chronic. Three chief varieties are usually 
 described, depending upon the character of 
 the exudate: (i) Fibrinous or plastic; (2) 
 serofibrinous; (3) purulent. In -fibrinous 
 pleurisy the pleura is covered with a layer 
 of lymph of variable thickness, which, in 
 the acute form, can be readily stripped off. 
 Serofibrinous pleurisy is characterized by the 
 presence of a considerable quantity of fluid 
 containing flocculi of lymph, and the deposit 
 of some fibrin on the pleural surface. Puru- 
 lent pleurisy, or empyema, is characterized 
 by the presence of a purulent exudate. Acute 
 pleurisy is marked by sharp and stabbing 
 pain (stitch) in the side, increased by breath- 
 ing and coughing; by fever, and by a fric- 
 tion-fremitus felt on palpation and a to- 
 and-fro friction -sound heard on auscultation. 
 In the serofibrinous variety a liquid effusion 
 takes place, the signs of which are: bulging 
 of the intercostal spaces and chest-wall, ab- 
 sence of vocal fremitus, displacement of the 
 heart, movable dulness with a curved upper 
 line, and a tympanitic percussion-note (sko- 
 daic resonance) beneath the clavicle and 
 above the level of the effusion. Chronic 
 pleurisy may be dry or serofibrinous. P., 
 Encysted, pleurisy in which the effusion is 
 circumscribed by adhesions. P., False, 
 pleurodynia. P., Hemorrhagic, a variety 
 in which the exudate contains blood. P., 
 Humid, P., Moist, that accompanied by 
 expectoration. P., Mediastinal, inflamma- 
 tion of the pleural layers about the medi- 
 
 astinum. P., Metapneumonic, pleurisy de- 
 pendent upon a pneumonia. 
 
 Pleuritic {plu-riV '-ik) [pleurisy]. Pertaining 
 to, affected with, or of the nature of pleurisy. 
 
 Pleuritis {plu-ri'-tis). See Pleurisy. 
 
 Pleuro- {plu-ro-)^ [nXsupa, side]. A prefix de- 
 noting connection with the pleura or with 
 a side. 
 
 Pleurocele {plu'-ro-sel) [pleuro-; KJjXrj, hernia]. 
 1. Hernia of the lung. 2. A serous effusion 
 into the pleural cavity. 
 
 Pleurocentesis {plu-ro-sen-te' -sis) [pleuro-; 
 KevTTjocf, a pricking]. Surgical puncture of 
 the pleura. 
 
 Pleurochole cystitis {plu-ro-ko-le-sist-i' -tis) 
 [pleuro-; xoXt), bile ; cystitis]. Simultaneous 
 inflammation of the pleura and the gall- 
 bladder. 
 
 Pleurodynia {plu-ro-din' -e-ah) [pleuro-; couvtj, 
 pain]. A sharp pain in the intercostal 
 muscles, of rheumatic origin. 
 
 Pleurogenic, Pleurogenous {plu-ro-jen'-ik, 
 plu-roj' -en-us) [pleuro-; yevvdv, to produce]. 
 Originating in the pleura. 
 
 Pleurolith {plu' -ro-lith) [pleuro-; X'cdoc, a stone]. 
 A calculus occurring in the pleura. 
 
 Pleuroperitoneal {plu-ro-per-i-ton-e' -at) [pleu- 
 ro-; peritoneum]. Pertaining to the pleura 
 and the peritoneum. P. Cavity, the body- 
 cavity. 
 
 Pleurophorous {plu-rof'-or-us) [pleuro-; (f)kpecv, 
 to bear]. Furnished with a membrane. 
 
 Pleuropneumonia {plu -ro -nu-mo' -ne-ah). 
 Combined inflammation of the pleura and 
 of the lung, especially a contagious variety 
 occurring in cattle. 
 
 Pleurorrhea {plu-ror-e'-ah) [pleuro-; po'ca, a 
 flow]. An effusion of fluid into the pleura. 
 
 Pleurosoma {plu-ro-so' -mah) [pleuro-; o<Lp.a, a 
 body]. A variety of monsters of the species 
 Celosoma, in which there is a lateral even- 
 tration with atrophy or imperfect develop- 
 ment of the upper extremity on the side of 
 the eventration. 
 
 Pleurosthotonos {plu-ros-thoi'-o-nos). See 
 
 Pleurothotonos. 
 
 Pleurothotonos {plu-ro-thot'-o-nos) [nXeupodev, 
 from the side; tovoc, tension]. A form of 
 tetanic spasm of the muscles in which the 
 body is bent to one side. 
 
 Pleurotomy {plu-rof -o-me) [pleuro-; ropi), a 
 cutting]. Incision into the pleura. 
 
 Pleurotyphoid {plu-ro-ti-}oid'). Typhoid fever 
 with involvement of the pleura. 
 
 Plexiform {pleks' -if -orm) [plexus; forma, form]. 
 Resembling a network or plexus. 
 
 Pleximeter {pleks-im' -et-er) [rAffccc, a stroke; 
 pkxpov, a measure]. A disc placed on the 
 body to receive the stroke in mediate percus- 
 sion. 
 Pleximetric {pleks- i - met' - rik) [pleximeter]. 
 Pertaining to or performed with a pleximeter. 
 Pleximetry {pleks-im' -et-re) . Percussion by 
 
 means of a pleximeter. 
 Plexor {pleks'-or) [tzXt)£cc, stroke]. A hammer 
 
 used for performing percussion. 
 Plexus {pleks'-us) [plectere, to knit]. A net- 
 
PLI 
 
 770 
 
 PLUMBUM 
 
 work, especially an aggregation of vessels 
 or nerves forming an intricate network. P., 
 Abdominal Aortic, a sympathetic plexus lo- 
 cated at the sides and front of the abdominal 
 aorta. • P., Brachial, a plexus formed in the 
 neck by the union of the anterior branches of 
 the lower four cervical and the greater part of 
 
 t the first dorsal nerves. Its branches are the 
 
 * rhomboid, subclavian, suprascapular, external 
 anterior thoracic, musculocutaneous, sub- 
 scapular, median, musculospiral, posterior 
 thoracic, internal anterior thoracic, internal 
 cutaneous, lesser internal cutaneous, and 
 ulnar nerves. -P., Cardiac, a plexus of nerves 
 connected with the heart. P., Cardiac, Deep, 
 the deep portion of the superficial cardiac 
 plexus. P., Cardiac, Superficial, one in the 
 upper part of the chest, between the arch of 
 the aorta and base of the heart. It is derived 
 from the sympathetic nerve and is reinforced 
 by branches of the inferior, middle, and su- 
 perior cardiac, hypoglossal, and pneumogastric 
 nerves. P., Cavernous, a sympathetic plexus 
 in the cavernous sinus; it furnishes branches 
 to the internal carotid artery and connects 
 with the motor oculi, patheticus, and trigem- 
 inus nerves. P., Cervical, a plexus in the 
 neck formed by the anterior branches of the 
 upper four cervical nerves. Its branches are the 
 superficial, to skin of the head and neck; and 
 the deep, the phrenic, communicans noni, two 
 muscular, and two communicating branches. 
 P., Choroid. See Choroid Plexus. P., Hypo- 
 gastric, a nerve plexus derived from the abdom- 
 inal aortic plexus and the lumbar gan- 
 glions of the sympathetic nerve, located in front 
 of the last lumbar vertebra and between the 
 common iliac arteries. P., Nasopalatine, one 
 uniting the nasopalatine nerves in the incisor 
 foramen. P., Pampiniform, the spermatic 
 plexus, a plexus of veins collecting the blood 
 from the testicle. P., Pterygoid, a plexus of 
 veins situated between the temporal and ex- 
 ternal pterygoid muscles. P., Renal, a plexus 
 derived from the solar and abdominal aortic 
 plexuses; it accompanies the renal artery and 
 is distributed to the kidney. P., Semilunar, 
 P., Solar. See Solar Plexus. P., Sympa- 
 thetic, a plexus formed by the branches of the 
 sympathetic nerve. P., Tympanic, the tym- 
 panic portion of the tympanic nerve. 
 
 Pli {pie) [Fr.]. i. A gyrus or convolution. 2. 
 A fold. 3. Plica. 
 
 Plica (pli'-kah) [L.]. 1. A fold. 2. See P. 
 polonica. Plicae palmatae, radiating folds 
 in the mucous membrane of the cervix. P. 
 polonica, a matted, entangled condition of 
 the hair, due to want of cleanliness in cer- 
 tain diseases of the scalp. Syn., Polish plait. 
 P. semilunaris, a conjunctival fold in the 
 inner canthus of the eye, the rudiment of 
 the nictitating membrane of birds. P. tri- 
 angularis, a triangular membrane extending 
 from the upper posterior portion of the an- 
 terior faucial pillar backward and downward 
 until lost in the tissues at the base of the 
 tongue. 
 
 Plicate (pli'-k&t) [plicare, to fold]. Folded; 
 plaited. 
 
 Plication (pli-ka'-shun). A plica or fold. 
 
 Plicotomy (pli-kot' -o-me) [plica; rofxrj, a cut- 
 ting]. Division of the posterior fold of the 
 tympanic membrane. 
 
 Plimmer's Bodies. Intracellular bodies ob- 
 served by Plimmer in cancerous tissue. 
 
 Plomb (plum) [Fr., plomber, to plug a tooth]. 
 A filling for a cavity. P., Iodoform (of 
 Mosetig-Moorhof), an antibaciliary agent for 
 filling bone-cavities after operations for tuber- 
 culosis or osteomyelitis. It consists of iodo- 
 form, spermaceti, and oil of sesame, which are 
 sterilized, heated, and poured into the cavity, 
 when the mixture solidifies and fills it. 
 
 Ploration (plo-ra' -shun) [plorare, to weep]. 
 Lacrimation. 
 
 Plugge's Phenol Reaction. A dilute phenol 
 solution is rendered intensely red on boiling 
 with a solution of mercuric nitrate containing 
 a trace of nitrous acid. Metallic mercury 
 is separated at the same time, and an odor 
 of salicylol is evolved. 
 
 Plumbic (plum'-bik) [plumbum']. Pertaining to 
 or containing lead. 
 
 Plumbism (plum'-bizm) [plumbum]. Lead-poi- 
 soning. 
 
 Plumbite (plum' -bit). A general term for any 
 compound formed by union of lead oxid 
 with a base. 
 
 Plumbum (plum'-bum) [L.]. Lead, a bluish- 
 white metal occurring in nature chiefly as 
 the sulfid, PbS, known as galena; atomic 
 weight 207; sp. gr. 11.38; quantivalence 
 11 and iv ; symbol Pb. The .salts of lead 
 are poisonous, producing, in sufficient doses, 
 gastroenteritis; ingested in small quantities 
 over a long period of time chronic lead-poison- 
 ing is produced. See Lead-poisoning. Plumbi 
 acetas (U. S. P.), lead acetate, Pb(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 . - 
 3H 2 0. It is used as an astringent in diar- 
 rhea and dysentery, as a hemostatic, and as 
 an astringent and sedative in gonorrhea, leu- 
 korrhea, conjunctivitis, etc. Dose 1-3 gr. 
 (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Syn., Sugar of lead. 
 Plumbi carbonas, lead carbonate, white 
 lead, _ (PbC0 3 ) 2 .Pb(OH) 2 , is used as a local 
 sedative in ointments and in face-powders. 
 The prolonged use of the latter has caused 
 poisoning. Plumbi chloridum, lead chlo- 
 rid, PbCl 2 , is used like the carbonate. 
 Plumbi, Emplastrum (U. S. P.), lead 
 plaster, is made of lead acetate, soap, and 
 water, and is used as an external applica- 
 tion to irritated surfaces, and in the arts 
 for glazing pottery and as an ingredient of 
 fluid glass. Combined with olive-oil it con- 
 stitutes unguentum diachylon (U. S. P.). 
 Plumbi iodidum (U. S. P.), lead iodid, 
 Pbl 2 , is used as a local astringent and ab- 
 sorbent. Plumbi nitras (U. S. P.), lead 
 nitrate, Pb(N0 3 ) 2 , is used locally as a seda- 
 tive to excoriated surfaces, as sore nipples, 
 chapped hands; in gonorrhea and leukor- 
 rhea; in onychia maligna, etc. Ledoyen's 
 disinfecting fluid is a solution of lead nitrate 
 
PLUMMER'S PILL 
 
 771 
 
 PNEUMODERMA 
 
 of the strength of one dram to the ounce. 
 Plumbi oxidum (U. S. P.), lead oxid or 
 litharge, PbO, is used in the making of lead 
 plaster. Plumbi oxidum rubrum, red lead, 
 minium, is used extensively in the arts as 
 a paint and in the manufacture of glass. 
 Plumbi subacetas, lead subacetate, is a 
 basic salt. Plumbi subacetatis, Ceratum 
 (U. S. P.), is made up of lead subacetate, 
 wool-fat, paraffin, white petrolatum, and cam- 
 phor. Plumbi subacetatis, Liquor (U. S. 
 P., B. P.), Goulard's extract. Plumbi sub- 
 acetatis, Liquor, dilutus (U. S. P., B. P.), 
 lead-water, is used as a sedative and astrin- 
 gent in inflammations and burns. Plumbi 
 tannas, lead tannate, is used as a sedative 
 astringent. 
 
 Plummer's Pill. Compound pill of calomel 
 and antimony. See under Antimony. 
 
 Pluricordonal (plu-ri-kord' '-on-al) [plus, more; 
 chorda, a string]. Having several processes. 
 
 Plurifetation {plu-ri-fe-ta' -shun) [plus, more; 
 fetus]. The conception of twins, triplets, etc. 
 
 Pluripara {plu-rip' -ar-ah) . See Multipara. 
 
 Pluriseptate (plur-is-ep'-tat) [plus, more; sep- 
 tum, a partition]. Having more than one 
 septum or partition. 
 
 Plutomania (plu-to-ma' -ne-ah) [nXourof, wealth; 
 fiavca, madness]. An insane belief that one 
 is the possessor of great wealth. 
 
 Pluviometric (plu-ve-o-met'-rik) [pluvia, rain; 
 jxhpov, a measure]. Relating to the measure- 
 ment of rainfalls. 
 
 Pneodynamics (ne-o-di-nam'-iks) [nvelv, to 
 breathe; duvafj.cc, power]. The dynamics of 
 respiration. 
 
 Pneograph (ne'-o-graf) [tivs'cv, to breathe; 
 ypafecv, to write]. An instrument for re- 
 cording the force and character of the cur- 
 rent of air during respiration. 
 
 Pneometer (ne-om'-et-er). Synonym of Spiro- 
 meter. 
 
 Pneoscope (ne'-o-skop) [nveev, to breathe; 
 ononelv, to examine]. An instrument for 
 measuring respiratory movements. 
 
 Pneumarthrosis (nu-mar-thro' -sis) [xveupa, air; 
 apdpov, a joint]. A collection of air or gas 
 in a joint. 
 
 Pneumathemia (nu-ma-the' -me-ah) [Ttveupa, air; 
 alpa, blood]. The presence of gas in the 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Pneumatic (nu-mat'-ik) [nveupa, air], i. Per- 
 taining to air or gas. 2. Pertaining to res- 
 piration. 3. Pertaining to compressed or 
 rarefied air. P. Speculum. See Siegle's 
 Speculum. P. Trough, a trough partly filled 
 with water for facilitating the collection of 
 gases. 
 
 Pneumatics (nu-mat'-iks) [izveupa, air]. The 
 branch of physics treating of the physical 
 properties of air and gases. 
 
 Pneumato- (nu-mat-o-) [izveupa, air]. A pre- 
 fix denoting pertaining to air, gas, or breath. 
 
 Pneumatocele (nu'-mat-o-sel) [pneumato-; 
 KTjXr), tumor]. 1. A swelling containing air or 
 gas. 2. See Pneumonocele. 3. A swelling of 
 the scrotum produced by the presence of gas. 
 
 Pneumatochemic (nu-mat-o-kem'-ik). 1. Re- 
 lating to the chemistry of gases. 2. Relat- 
 ing to the treatment of pulmonary disease 
 by inhalation of medicated vapors. P. Appa- 
 ratus of Priestley. See Pneumatic Trough. 
 
 Pneumatogeny (nu-mat-o j'-en-e) [pneumato-; 
 jEvvav, to produce]. Artificial respiration. 
 
 Pneumatogram (nu'-mat-o-gram) [pneumato-; 
 ypappa, inscription]. A tracing showing the 
 frequency, duration, and depth of the res- 
 piratory movements. 
 
 Pneumatology (nu-mat-ol'-o-je) [pneumato-; 
 Xoyoc, science]. 1. The science of res- 
 piration. 2. The science of gases; also their 
 use as therapeutic agents. 
 
 Pneumatoscope (nu'-mat-o-skop) [pneumato-; 
 OK07Z£tv, to examine]. 1. An apparatus for 
 measuring the gas in expired air. 2. An 
 instrument for internal auscultation of the 
 thorax. 3. An instrument for determining 
 the presence of foreign bodies in the mas- 
 toid sinuses. 4. See Pneumograph. 
 
 Pneumatosis (nu-mat-o' -sis) [nveupa, air]. The 
 presence of gas or air in abnormal places, or 
 in an excessive quantity where a little exists 
 normally. 
 
 Pneumatotherapy (nu-mat-o-ther' -ap-e) [pneu- 
 mato-; depaneca, treatment]. The treat- 
 ment of diseases by means of compressed 
 or rarefied air. 
 
 Pneumatothorax (nu-mat-o-tho'-raks). See 
 Pneumothorax. 
 
 Pneumaturia (nu-mat-u' -re-ah) [pneumato-; 
 obpov, urine]. The evacuation of urine con- 
 taining free gas. 
 
 Pneumectomy (nu-mek' -to-me) . See Pneumo- 
 nectomy. 
 
 Pneumin (nu'-min). See Methylene Creosote. 
 
 Pneumo- (nu-mo-). The same as Pneu- 
 mono-. 
 
 Pneumoarctia (nu-mo -ark'-te-ah) [pneumo-; 
 arctare, to contract]. Contraction of the 
 lungs; pneumonostenosis. 
 
 Pneumobacillin (nu-mo-bas-iV -in) . A toxic 
 extract of pneumobacilli. 
 
 Pneumobacillus (nu-mo-bas-iV -us) . See under 
 Bacteria. 
 
 Pneumocele (nu' -mo-set) . See Pneumatocele. 
 
 Pneumocentesis (nu-mo-sen-te' -sis) [pneumo-; 
 Kevrrjocc, puncture]. Paracentesis of the lung, 
 especially for the purpose of evacuating a 
 cavity. 
 
 Pneumochemic. See Pneumatochemic. 
 
 Pneumochirurgia (nu-mo-ki-rur 1 '-je-ah) [pneu- 
 mo-; xeipoupy'ca, surgery]. Surgery of the 
 lungs. 
 
 Pneumococcemia (nu-mo-kok-se' '-me-ah) [pneu- 
 mococcus; alpa, blood]. The presence of 
 pneumococci in the blood. 
 
 Pneumococcia (nu-mo-kok' -se-ah) . General- 
 ized infection by pneumococci. 
 
 Pneumococcus (nu-mo-kok' -us). See under 
 Bacteria. 
 
 Pneumoconiosis (nu-mo-kon-e-o'-sis). See 
 Pneumonokoniosis . 
 
 Pneumoderma (nu-mo-der'-mah) [pneumo-; 
 dkppa, skin]. Subcutaneous emphysema. 
 
PNEUMOGALACTOCELE 
 
 772 
 
 PNEUMONIA 
 
 Pneumogalactocele (nu-mo- gal - ak' -to- sel) 
 [pneumo-; galactocele]. A galactocele con- 
 taining gas. 
 
 Pneumogastric {nu-mo-gas' -trik) [pneumo-; 
 yaozrjp, stomach], i. Pertaining conjointly to 
 the lungs and the stomach. 2. Pertaining 
 to the pneumogastric or vagus nerve. P. 
 Nerve. See under Nerve. 
 
 Pneumograph {nu'-mo-graf) [pneumo-; ypafecv, 
 to write]. An instrument for recording the 
 movements of the chest in respiration. 
 
 Pneumography {nu-mog' -ra-fe) [see Pneumo- 
 graph]. A description of the lungs. 
 
 Pneumohemo thorax {nu-mo-hem-o-tho' '-raks) . 
 A collection of air or gas and blood in the 
 pleural cavity. 
 
 Pneumohydrometra {nu-mo -hi-dro -me' -trah) 
 [pneumo-; hydrometra]. Hydrometra asso- 
 ciated with the generation of gas in the uterus. 
 
 Pneumohydropericardium {nu-mo-hi-dro-per- 
 i-kar'-de-um) [pneumo-; udajp, water; peri- 
 cardium]. An accumulation of air and fluid 
 in the pericardial sac. 
 
 Pneumohydrothorax {nu-mo-hi-dro-tho' -raks) . 
 A collection of air or gas and fluid in the pleu- 
 ral cavity. 
 
 Pneumokoniosis. See Pneumonokoniosis. 
 
 Pneumo lith {nu'-mo-lith) [pneumo-; A Woe, a 
 stone]. A calculus of the lung. 
 
 Pneumomassage {nu-mo-mas-ahzh'). A form 
 of double massage for the treatment of 
 chronic catarrhal otitis media, consisting of 
 inflation of the drum-cavity with air, by means 
 of a catheter, at the same moment that the 
 membrana tympani is drawn outward by 
 rarefaction of the air in the external auditory 
 canal, by an arrangement of rubber ball and 
 tubing worked by the hand. 
 
 Pneumometer, Pneumatometer, Pneumo- 
 mometer {nu-mom' -et-er, nu-mat-om' -et-er, 
 nu-mo-mom' -et-er). Synonyms of Spirometer. 
 
 Pneumometry, Pneumatometry {nu-mom' - 
 et-re, nu-mat-om' -et-re) [pneumo-; pirpov, 
 a measure]. 1. The measurement of the 
 force of respiration. 2. The treatment of 
 pulmonary and circulatory diseases by means 
 of a pneumatic apparatus. 
 
 Pneumomycosis {nu-mo-mi-ko' -sis) . A dis- 
 ease of the lungs due to fungi. 
 
 Pneumonectasia, Pneumonectasis {nu-mon- 
 ek-ta' -ze-ah, nu-mon-ek' -tas-is) [pneumono-; 
 'iiaaocc, distention]. Emphysema of the 
 lung. 
 
 Pneumonectomy {nu-mon-ek' -to-me) [pneu- 
 mono-; eKTOfirj, excision]. Excision of a por- 
 tion of a lung. 
 
 Pneumonia {nu-mo' -ne-ah) [7zve.0p.cov, lung]. 
 Inflammation of the lung; pneumonitis. 
 Used without qualification, the term implies 
 lobar pneumonia {q. v.). P., Alcoholic, the 
 croupous pneumonia of drunkards, often 
 associated with delirium, and very fatal. P., 
 Apex-, P., Apical, croupous pneumonia of 
 the apex of a lung. P., Aspiration-, a bron- 
 chopneumonia due to the inspiration of food- 
 particles or other irritant substances into the 
 lung. P., Catarrhal. Synonym of Bron- 
 
 chopneumonia. P., Central, a croupous 
 pneumonia beginning in the interior of a 
 lobe of the lung. • The physical signs are 
 obscure until the inflammation reaches the 
 surface. P., Cerebral, a form associated with 
 marked cerebral symptoms. It is most com- 
 mon in children, and in the beginning resembles 
 meningitis. P., Croupous. See P., Lobar. 
 P., Deglutition-. Synonym of P., Aspira- 
 tion-. P., Desquamative, a form charac- 
 terized chiefly by an intense desquamation 
 of the cells lining the air-vesicles, a prolifera- 
 tion of the connective-tissue cells of the septums 
 between the vesicles, and the exudation of a 
 scanty albuminous fluid. The exudate gen- 
 erally undergoes caseous degeneration. P., 
 Disseminated, bronchopneumonia. P., 
 
 Embolic, pneumonia due to embolism of the 
 vessels of the lung. P., Fibrinous. See 
 P., Lobar. P., Fibroid, P., Fibrous. 
 Synonym of P., Interstitial. P., Hypo- 
 static, a lobular pneumonia occurring in the 
 dependent portions of the lungs of persons 
 debilitated by age or disease, and depending 
 on the weakened circulation and respiration 
 and the dorsal decubitus. P., Indurative. 
 See P., Desquamative. P., Insular. Syn- 
 onym of Bronchopneumonia. P., Interstitial, 
 a chronic inflammation of the lung charac- 
 terized by an increase of the connective 
 tissue. It may be due to the inhalation of 
 excessive quantities of coal-dust or other 
 irritant particles {pneumonokoniosis) ; it may 
 be a termination of lobar pneumonia or bron- 
 chopneumonia; it may be due to tuber- 
 culosis or to extension of a chronic inflam- 
 mation from the pleura. Syn., Cirrhosis of 
 the lung; Fibroid pneumonia. P., Lobar, 
 an acute infectious disease characterized by 
 an inflammation of one or more lobes of 
 the lung, the affected parts becoming con- 
 solidated, owing to the exudation of cells 
 and fibrin into the air-vesicles. The excit- 
 ing cause is usually Diplococcus pneumonice 
 of Frankel, but other microorganisms may 
 produce it. The disease sets in with a chill, 
 which is followed by a rapid rise of the tem- 
 perature, hurried respiration, cough, and the 
 expectoration of a peculiar rust-colored spu- 
 tum. The fever remains high until about 
 the ninth day, when it falls by crisis. The 
 disease generally involves the lower lobe 
 of the right lung, and is accompanied by 
 a fibrinous pleurisy. In the early stage the 
 lung is intensely congested {stage of conges- 
 tion); soon there is an exudation into the 
 vesicles causing solidification of the lobe 
 {stage of consolidation). The lung in the 
 beginning of this stage is dark red and re- 
 sembles liver tissue {stage of red hepatiza- 
 tion); later it becomes gray {stage of gray 
 hepatization). In favorable cases the exudate 
 is absorbed and expectorated {stage of reso- 
 lution). Syn., Croupous pneumonia; Lung- 
 fever. P., Lobular. Synonym of Broncho- 
 pneumonia. P., Massive, lobar pneumonia 
 in which not only the air-cells, but the bron- 
 
PNEUMONIC 
 
 773 
 
 POCULENT 
 
 chi of an entire lobe, or even of a lung, are 
 filled with the fibrinous exudate. P., Pleuro- 
 genic, P., Pleurogenous, pneumonia sec- 
 ondary to disease of the pleura. P., Puru- 
 lent, one characterized by the formation of 
 pus; it appears under three forms, suppura- 
 tion of the minute bronchi and air-vesicles 
 — purulent catarrh; true abscess of the lung; 
 suppurative lymphangitis and perilymph- 
 angitis. P., Septic, lobular pneumonia due 
 to the inspiration of septic material or to 
 septic emboli. P., Syphilitic, inflammation 
 of the lung due to syphilis and manifesting 
 itself as the white pneumonia of the fetus; 
 as gummas of the lung; as interstitial pneu- 
 monia, taking its origin at the root of the 
 lung and passing along the bronchi and 
 vessels; and as acute syphilitic phthisis, an- 
 alogous to acute pneumonic, phthisis. P., 
 Tubular. Synonym of Bronchopneumonia. 
 P. vera, lobar pneumonia not complicated 
 with other diseases or forms. P., Vesicular, 
 bronchopneumonia. P., White, a catarrhal 
 form of pneumonia occurring in a syphilitic 
 fetus and resulting in death. By an 
 overgrowth of epithelium in the air-vesicles 
 the cells die, and fatty degeneration follows, 
 giving the lungs a white appearance, with 
 the imprint of the ribs on their surface. 
 
 Pneumonic (nu-mon'-ik) [see Pneumonia]. Per- 
 taining to the lungs or to pneumonia. P. 
 Phthisis, tuberculosis affecting a whole lobe 
 of the lung. 
 
 Pneumonitis (nu-mon-i' '-tis) . Pneumonia. 
 
 Pneumono- (nu-mon-o-) [~veup.cov, lung]. A 
 prefix denoting pertaining to the lungs. 
 
 Pneumonocele (nu' ' -mon-o-sel) {pneumono-; 
 kt)Xt), hernia]. Hernia of the lung. 
 
 Pneumonokoniosis (nu-mon - o - kon - e-o'-sis) 
 [pneumono-; kovcc, dust]. A general term 
 applied to chronic induration or fibrous in- 
 flammation of the lungs due to the inhalation 
 of dust. Various names are given to it 
 according to the kind of dust causing the in- 
 flammation: anthracosis, that due to the in- 
 halation of coal-dust; siderosis, that due to 
 inhalation of metallic dust; chalicosis, that 
 due to the inhalation of mineral dust. 
 
 Pneumonomycosis (nu-mon-o -mi-ko' -sis) . See 
 Pneumomycosis. 
 
 Pneumonopexy {nu' -mon-o-peks-e) [pneumono-; 
 -fjuc, a fixing]. Fixation of a stump of lung 
 tissue to the thoracic wall in connection with 
 pneumonectomy for gangrene, hernia, or other 
 pulmonary lesion. 
 
 Pneumonorrhaphy {nu-mon-or'-af-e) [pneu- 
 mono-; pacf>T), a seam]. Suture of lacerations 
 of the lung. 
 
 Pneumonostenosis (nu - mon - o - sten - o'- sis). 
 Contraction of a lung. 
 
 Pneumopaludism (nu-mo-pal' -u-dizm) [pneu- 
 mo-; paludism]. A manifestation of ma- 
 laria characterized by the impairment of 
 the percussion resonance at one apex, bron- 
 chial respiratory murmurs, bronchophony, 
 without rales, friction, or expectoration; cough 
 occurs in paroxysms. 
 
 Pneumopericardium (nu-mo-per-e-kar f -de-um). 
 The presence of air in the pericardial sac. 
 It is due to traumatism or to communica- 
 tion between the pericardium and the esoph- 
 agus, stomach, or lungs, and is marked by 
 tympany over the precordial region and pe- 
 culiar metallic heart-sounds. 
 
 Pneumoperitoneum (nu-mo-per-it-on-e'-um) 
 [pneumo-; peritoneum]. The presence of gas 
 in the peritoneal cavity. 
 
 Pneumoptysis (nu-mo-ti' -sis). Same as Hemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 Pneumopyopericardium (nu-mo-pi-o-per-e- 
 kar'-de-um) [pneumo-; tzuov, pus; pericar- 
 dium]. The presence of air or gas and pus 
 in the pericardial sac. 
 
 Pneumopyothorax (nu -mo- pi-o - tho' - raks) 
 [pneumo-; tJjov, pus; thorax]. The presence 
 of air and pus in the pleural cavity. 
 
 Pneumopyra (nu-mo-pi' -rah) [pneumo-; nop, 
 fire]. Malignant bronchitis. 
 
 Pneumorrhagia (nu-mor-a'-je-ah). See Hem- 
 optysis. 
 
 Pneumo therapy (nu-mo-ther' -ap-e) . i. The 
 treatment of diseases of the lung. 2. See 
 Pneumatotherapy. 
 
 Pneumothermomassage (nu-mo-ther-mo-mas- 
 ahzh') [pneumo-; 6 ipp-f], heat; massage]. The 
 application to the body of currents of air of 
 varying degrees of pressure and temperature. 
 
 Pneumothorax (nu-mo-tho'-raks). The pres- 
 ence of air or gas in the pleural cavity. It 
 is produced by perforating wounds of the 
 chest, by the rupture of an abscess or tuber- 
 culous cavity of the lung, by the rupture of 
 an emphysematous vesicle, or the evacuation 
 of an empyema into the lung or through the 
 chest-wall. It is marked by dyspnea, shock, 
 pain, a tympanitic (sometimes a dull) per- 
 cussion-note over the affected side, displace- 
 ment of the heart, bell-tympany, and dimin- 
 ished respiratory murmur. 
 
 Pneumotomy (nu-mof -o-me) [pneumo-; tojitj, 
 a cutting]. Incision of the lung. 
 
 Pneumotoxin (nu-mo-toks'-in) [pneumo-; ro£- 
 (kov, a poison]. A poisonous albuminoid 
 body produced by the pneumococcus, and 
 believed to be the cause of many of the 
 symptoms of lobar pneumonia. Antipneumo- 
 toxin is the name given to the antitoxin sup- 
 posed to exist in the blood of persons con- 
 valescent from lobar pneumonia. 
 
 Pneumotyphus (nu-mo-ti' -jus) [pneumo-; ty- 
 phus]. 1. Typhoid fever beginning with 
 pneumonia dependent upon the typhoid 
 bacillus. 2. Pneumonia occurring in the 
 course of typhoid fever. 
 
 Pneusimeter (nu-sim'-et-er) [xveuocc, a breath- 
 ing; fikxpov, a measure]. An apparatus used 
 as a spirometer to measure the vital capacity 
 of the chest in respiration. 
 
 Pock (pok) [AS., poc, a pustule]. A pustule 
 of an eruptive fever, especially of smallpox. 
 P. -marked, marked with the cicatrixes of 
 the smallpox pustule. 
 
 Poculent (po'-ku-lent) [poculum, a goblet]. 
 Drinkable; potable. 
 
PODAGRA 
 
 774 
 
 POISON 
 
 Podagra (pod-a' '-grain) [izooc, foot; ax pa, seiz- 
 ure]. Gout, especially of the great toe or 
 the joints of the foot. 
 
 Podalgia (pod-aV -je-ah) [tzouc, foot; dXyoc, pain]. 
 Pain in the foot. 
 
 Podalic (pod-al'-ik) [7106c, foot]. Pertaining to 
 the feet. P. Version, the operation of chang- 
 ing the position of the fetus in the uterus so 
 as to bring the feet to the outlet. 
 
 Podelcoma (pod-el-ko'-mah). See Madura Foot. 
 
 Podencephalus {pod-en-sef -al-us) [nouc, foot; 
 ejKe4>aXoc, brain]. A variety of monster of 
 the species exencephalus, in which there is 
 a protrusion of the cranial contents from the 
 top of the head. 
 
 Pododynia (pod-o-din'-e-ah) [nouc, foot; dduvq, 
 pain]. Pain in the foot, especially a neuralgic 
 pain in the heel unattended by swelling or 
 redness. 
 
 Podophyllin (pod-o-fil'-in). See Podophyllum. 
 
 Podophyllotoxin (pod-o-fil-o-toks'-in). See 
 
 Podophyllum. 
 
 Podophyllum (pod-o-fil f -um) [itouc, foot; <f>uX- 
 Xov, leaf]. The dried rhizome of P. peltatum, 
 the May-apple or mandrake, of the family 
 Berberidacece. Its resin, commonly called po- 
 dophyllin, contains podophyllotoxin (C23H24- 
 9 + 2H 2 0), which upon treatment with 
 ammonia yields podOphyllic acid and 
 picropodophyllin. It is used in medicine 
 as a laxative in chronic constipation and 
 as a cathartic in hepatic congestion and 
 bilious fever. Dose of podophyllotoxin 
 ^-| gr. (0.016-0.03 Gm.). P., Fluidextract 
 of (fiuidextr -actum podophylli, U. S. P.). Dose 
 2-20 min. (0.13-1.3 Cc). P., Pills of, Bella- 
 donna, and Capsicum {pilules podophylli, 
 belladonna et capsici, U. S. P.). Dose 1 pill. 
 P., Resin of {resina podophylli, U. S. P.). 
 Dose J-J gr. (0.008-0.03 Gm.). P., Tinc- 
 ture of (tinctura podophylli, B. P.). Dose 
 15 min.-i dr. (1-4 Cc). 
 
 Pogoniasis (po-go-ni'-as-is) [Ttwyiov, beard]. 
 Excessive growth of the beard; growth of 
 beard in a woman. 
 
 PohPs Test for Globulins. Saturate the solu- 
 tion to one-half with ammonium sulfate, 
 which precipitates the globulins. After sev- 
 eral hours filter, and add to the filtrate a 
 saturated solution of ammonium sulfate. 
 
 Poikilocyte {poi' -kil-o-sit) [tzock'cXoc, varied; 
 kOtoc, a cell]. A large red blood-corpuscle 
 of irregular shape. Poikilocytes are most 
 abundant in the blood in pernicious anemia, 
 but also occur in other forms of anemia. 
 
 Poikilocytosis (poi-kil-o-si-to f -sis) [poikilocyte]. 
 A condition of the blood characterized by 
 the presence of poikilocytes. 
 
 Poikilonymy (poi-kil-on'-im-e). See Pecilon- 
 ymy. 
 
 Poikilothermic (poi-kil-o-ther' '-mik) [tzock'cXoc, 
 varied; dkpp.t}, heat]. Varying in tempera- 
 ture according to the surroundings; cold- 
 blooded. 
 
 Point [punctum, point, from pungere, to prick]. 
 1. The sharp end of an object, especially 
 one used to pierce anything. 2. The limit 
 
 at which anything occurs, as the melting- 
 point, freezing-point. 3. A mark made by a 
 sharp object; a minute spot or area; of an 
 abscess, to come to the surface. P., Cranio - 
 metric. See Craniometric Point. P., Crit- 
 ical, of gases, a temperature at or above which 
 a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone; 
 of liquids, that temperature at which a liq- 
 uid, regardless of the pressure to which it is 
 subjected, assumes a gaseous form. P., 
 Dew-, the temperature at which the atmos- 
 pheric moisture is deposited as dew. P. of 
 Election, in surgery, that point at which a 
 certain operation is done by preference. P.s 
 douloureux. See P., Valleix's. P., Far-, the 
 remotest point of distinct vision. P.,Hystero- 
 epileptogenous, P., Hysterogenous. See 
 Zone,Hysterogenous. P., McBumey's. See 
 McBurney's Point. P.s, Motor. See Motor 
 Points. P., Near-, the nearest point at which 
 the eyes can accommodate to see distinctly. 
 P., Principal, one of the two points in the 
 optic axis of a lens that are so related that 
 lines drawn from these points to the corres- 
 ponding points in the object and its image 
 are parallel. P., Valleix's, any one of the 
 points of tenderness at the exit or in the 
 course of a nerve the seat of neuralgia. 
 Syn., Points douloureux. 
 
 Poirier's Line. The nasolambdoid line used 
 in craniocerebral topography. It begins at 
 the nasofrontal groove, and extends outward 
 around the base of the skull, passing 0.5 cm. 
 above the external auditory meatus to a point 
 1 cm. above the lambdoid suture, or to a 
 point 7 cm. above the inion if the suture 
 cannot be felt. This line passes over Broca's 
 convolution, 4 to 6 cm. of the posterior limb 
 of the sylvian fissure, the lower border of the 
 supramarginal gyrus, the base of the angular 
 gyrus, and terminates at the occipital fissure. 
 
 Poiseuille's Law. The rapidity of the cur- 
 rent in capillary tubes is proportional to the 
 square of their diameter. P.'s Layer, the 
 "inert" layer of the blood-current of the 
 capillaries, in which the leukocytes roll along 
 slowly while the red corpuscles move more 
 rapidly in the axial stream. 
 
 Poison {poi'-zn) [Fr., from potio, a draught]. 
 A substance that, when introduced into the 
 body, either destroys life or impairs seriously 
 the functions of one or more of its organs. 
 (See the table under this head.) P., Acrid. See 
 P., Irritant. P., Acronarcotic, one that is 
 irritating to the part to which it is applied, 
 but acts on the brain or myelon or both. P.S, 
 Cellular, cytolysins. P., Irritant, one that 
 causes irritation at the point of entrance or 
 at the point of elimination. P., Muscle-. 
 1. A substance that impairs or destroys the 
 proper functions of muscles. 2. A poisonous 
 albumin developed during muscular activity. 
 P., Narcotic, one affecting the cerebral 
 centers, producing stupor. P., Ordeal-, any 
 one of the vegetable poisons, such as physo- 
 stigma, used by savages in the trial of accused 
 persons to determine their guilt or innocence. 
 
POISON 
 
 775 
 
 POISON 
 
 Table of Poisons {the antidotes are in italics): 
 Acid, Carbolic. See Phenol in this table. 
 Acid, Chromic. See Chromium Trioxid 
 in this table. Acid, Hydrochloric {Muri- 
 atic), symptoms, pain throughout digestive 
 tract, vomiting, feeble pulse, clammy skin, 
 collapse, eschars externally, yellow stains 
 on clothing, but none on skin; treatment, 
 alkalis; demulcent drinks; oil; stimulants 
 (intravenous injection). Acid, Hydrocyanic 
 {Prussic), symptoms, sudden unconsciousness, 
 slow, labored respirations, slow pulse, staring 
 eyes, purple face, general convulsions, then 
 relaxation and collapse, odor of peach-kernels; 
 death may be almost instantaneous; treatment, 
 stomach-pump if possible; dilute ammonia; 
 alternate cold and warm effusions; atropin 
 and cardiac stimulants; artificial respiration. 
 Acid, Nitric, symptoms, yellow stains on skin; 
 otherwise similar to Acid, Sulfuric; treatment, 
 alkalis; soap; demulcents; stimulants. Acid, 
 Oxalic, symptoms, hot, acrid taste, burning, 
 vomiting, collapse, sometimes general paraly- 
 sis, numbness, and stupor; treatment, lime 
 or chalk. Acid, Salicylic, symptoms, mydria- 
 sis, quick and deep respiration, delirium, 
 dyspnea, lessened arterial pressure, deafness, 
 olive-green urine. Acid, Sulfuric, symp- 
 toms, black stains, pain throughout digestive 
 tract, vomiting, often of tarry matter, feeble 
 pulse, clammy skin, profuse and bloody 
 salivation; treatment, chalk; magnesia; soap; 
 demulcent drinks. Aconitum napellus 
 {Monkshood), Aconite, symptoms, sudden 
 collapse, slow, feeble, and irregular pulse and 
 respirations, tingling in the mouth and ex- 
 tremities, giddiness, great muscular weak- 
 ness, sometimes pain in the abdomen, pupils 
 generally dilated, but may be contracted, 
 marked anesthesia of skin, mind clear, con- 
 vulsions at times; treatment, tannic acid 
 solution for washing out stomach; digitalis, 
 atropin, and stimulants; artificial respiration; 
 warmth and friction ; absolute quiet in recum- 
 bent position. Alcohol, symptoms, confu- 
 sion of thought, giddiness, tottering gait, 
 slight cyanosis, narcdsis from which patient 
 can be aroused; full pulse; deep, stertorous 
 breathing; injection of eyes, dilation of pupils, 
 low temperature; convulsions may occur; 
 treatment, evacuate stomach; coffee; battery; 
 amyl nitrite; hot and cold douches. Ammo- 
 nium and its Compounds, symptoms, 
 intense gastroenteritis, often with bloody 
 vomiting and purging, lips and tongue swollen 
 and covered with detached epithelium, violent 
 dyspnea, characteristic odor; treatment, veget- 
 able acids; demulcents. Antimony and its 
 Compounds, symptoms, metallic taste, violent 
 vomiting, becoming bloody, feeble pulse, 
 pain and burning in the stomach, violent 
 serous purging, becoming bloody, cramps in 
 extremities, thirst, great debility, sometimes 
 prostration, collapse, unconsciousness, and 
 convulsions without vomiting or purging; 
 treatment, tannic acid; demulcent drinks; 
 opium; alcohol; external heat. Antipyrin 
 
 {Phenazon), symptoms, headache, nausea, 
 vomiting, a rash like that of measles, vertigo, 
 drowsiness, deafness, confusion of ideas, 
 cyanosis, collapse; treatment, recumbent 
 position; warmth; strychnin; stimulants; 
 oxygen ; artificial respiration. Apomorphin, 
 symptoms, violent vomiting, paralysis of 
 motor and sensory nerves, delirium, depres- 
 sion of respiration and of heart; treatment, 
 cardiac and respiratory stimulants. Arsenic 
 and its Compounds, symptoms, violent burn- 
 ing pain in the stomach, retching, thirst, 
 purging of blood and mucus with flakes of 
 epithelium, tenesmus, suppression of urine; 
 sense of constriction in throat; pulse small 
 and frequent; treatment, hydrated iron ses- 
 quioxid; precipitated iron carbonate; emetics; 
 castor-oil; demulcents. Atropa belladonna 
 {Deadly Nightshade) (Atropin, Belladonna, 
 Homatropin), symptoms, heat and dryness 
 of the mouth and throat, pupils widely dilated, 
 scarlet rash, noisy delirium, quick pulse, at 
 first corded, later feeble; rapid respirations, 
 early strong, late shallow and feeble; retention 
 of urine; sometimes convulsions, collapse, and 
 paralysis; treatment, evacuate stomach; tannic 
 acid; stimulants; coffee; pilocarpin; artifi- 
 cial respiration; physostigmin may be of 
 benefit; evacuation of bladder. Caffein, 
 symptoms, burning pain in the throat, giddi- 
 ness, faintness, nausea, numbness, abdominal 
 pain, great thirst, dry tongue, tremor of ex- 
 tremities, diuresis, weak pulse, cold skin, col- 
 lapse; treatment, emetics ; stimulants; warmth; 
 morphin and atropin. Calabar-bean. See 
 Physostigma venenosum in this table. Cam- 
 phor, symptoms, characteristic odor, languor, 
 giddiness, disturbance of vision, delirium, 
 convulsions, clammy skin, smarting in the 
 urinary organs, pulse quick and weak, no 
 pain, no vomiting, no purging; treatment, 
 evacuate stomach; stimulants; warmth; hot 
 and cold douches. Cannabis indica {Indian 
 Hemp), symptoms, pleasurable intoxication, 
 sense of prolongation of time, anesthesia with 
 loss of strength, especially in legs, pupils 
 dilated, rapid pulse, heavy sleep; treatment, 
 evacuate stomach; stimulants. Cantharis 
 vesicatoria {Spanish Fly) (Cantharides), 
 symptoms, burning in mouth and stomach, 
 vomiting and purging, soon becoming bloody, 
 tenesmus, salivation, aching pains in back, 
 strangury, priapism, unconsciousness only 
 very late; convulsions at times; treatment, 
 evacuate stomach; demulcent drinks; mor- 
 phin; hot bath for the strangury; anesthetics 
 may be necessary for the pain. Carbolic 
 Acid. See Phenol in this table. Chloral 
 Hydrate, symptoms, deep sleep, loss of 
 muscular power, lividity, reflexes dimin- 
 ished, pulse weak, respirations slowed, pupils 
 contracted during sleep, but dilated on waking, 
 temperature low; treatment, evacuate stom- 
 ach; heat to the extremities; massage; coffee 
 by the rectum; strychnin; amyl nitrite; arti- 
 ficial respiration. Chloroform, symptoms, 
 excitement and intoxication followed by 
 
POISON 
 
 776 
 
 POISON 
 
 anesthesia and unconsciousness, later pro- 
 found narcosis; pulse and respirations fail 
 progressively or suddenly; treatment, draw- 
 tongue forward; artificial respiration; faradic 
 current; hot and c6ld douches; amyl nitrite; 
 ammonia injected into a vein; evacuation of 
 the stomach if chloroform has been taken 
 by mouth. Chromium Trioxid, symptoms, 
 dark -yellow stains, abdominal pain, vomiting 
 and purging, collapse; treatment, evacuate 
 stomach; chalk, milk, or albumin; demul- 
 cent drinks. Coal-gas, symptoms, headache, 
 giddiness, loss of muscular power, uncon- 
 sciousness, pupils dilated, breathing labored, 
 coma, odor of the gas; treatment, fresh air; 
 artificial respiration; ammonia; stimulants; 
 oxygen; coffee; hot and cold douches. Co- 
 cain, symptoms, faintness, giddiness, nausea, 
 pulse small, rapid, intermittent, dilated pupils, 
 severe prostration, respiration slow and feeble; 
 treatment, stimulants; amyl nitrite; artificial 
 respiration. Colchicum autumnale {Mea- 
 dow-saffron), symptoms, not unlike those of 
 malignant cholera, griping pain in the stom- 
 ach, vomiting and continuous purging of 
 seromucous material, intense thirst, muscular 
 cramps, great prostration, collapse, dilated 
 pupils, pain in the extremities; treatment, 
 evacuate stomach; tannic or gallic acid; de- 
 mulcent drinks; stimulants; morphin. Co- 
 nium maculatum {Hemlock), symptoms, 
 weakness of the legs, gradual loss of all 
 voluntary power, nausea, ptosis, dilation of 
 pupils, inability to speak or swallow; treat- 
 ment, evacuate stomach; tannic or gallic acid; 
 stimulants; warmth; artificial respiration; 
 atropin. Croton tiglium {Croton oil), 
 symptoms, intense pain in abdomen, vomiting, 
 purging, watery stools, pinched face, small 
 and thready pulse, moist skin, collapse; treat- 
 ment, evacuate stomach; demulcent drinks; 
 camphor; stimulants; morphin; poultices to 
 abdomen. Cyanogen and its Compounds. 
 Similar to Acid, Hydrocyanic, which see in 
 this table. Datura stramonium {Thorn- 
 apple; Jamestown Weed), symptoms and 
 treatment similar to those of Atropin, which 
 see under Atropa belladonna in this table. 
 Digitalis purpurea {Foxglove), purging, 
 with severe pain, violent vomiting, vertigo, 
 feeble pulse, although heart's action is tumult- 
 uous, eyes prominent, pupils dilated, sclera 
 blue; delirium and convulsions; treatment, 
 evacuate stomach; tannic and gallic acids; 
 stimulants; aconite; recumbent position. 
 Erythroxylon coca. See Cocain in this 
 
 table. Fly, Spanish. See Cantharis in this 
 table. Gelsemium sempervirens {Yellow 
 Jasmin), symptoms appear in about twenty 
 minutes; great muscular weakness, diplopia, 
 ptosis, internal squint, widely dilated pupils, 
 dimness of vision, labored respiration, weak 
 pulse; treatment, evacuate stomach; atropin; 
 stimulants; artificial respiration; hot and 
 cold douches. Hellebore, Green and White. 
 See Veratrum in this table. Hemlock. See 
 Conium in this table. Iodin and its Com- 
 
 pounds, symptoms, pain in throat and stom- 
 ach, vomiting, purging, vomit yellow from 
 iodin, or blue if starch is present in stomach; 
 giddiness, faintness, convulsive movements; 
 treatment, evacuate stomach; starch; amyl 
 nitrite; morphin. Iodoform, symptoms, 
 slight delirium, drowsiness, high temperature, 
 rapid pulse; symptoms resemble meningitis. 
 Jaborandi {Pilocarpin), symptoms, copious 
 sweating, dizziness, salivation, vomiting, 
 diarrhea, tearing pain in eyeballs, myopia, 
 pupils much contracted; treatment, evacuate 
 stomach; stimulants; atropin. Lead Ace- 
 tate, symptoms, sweet metallic taste, vomiting 
 of white matter, great thirst, pain in abdomen, 
 abdominal muscles usually rigid, constipation 
 or diarrhea with black stools, cramps in the 
 legs, paralysis of the extremities, convulsions; 
 in the chronic forms, a blue line at margin 
 of the gums; treatment, evacuate stomach; 
 dilute sulfuric acid; epsom or Glauber's salts; 
 milk; morphin; potassium iodid to eliminate 
 the poison. Lobelia infiata {Indian To- 
 bacco), symptoms, severe vomiting, with in- 
 tense depression and prostration, giddiness, 
 tremors, convulsions, collapse; treatment, 
 evacuate stomach; tannic or gallic acid; 
 stimulants; strychnin; warmth; recumbent 
 position. Mercury Bichlorid, symptoms, 
 acrid metallic taste, burning heat in throat 
 and stomach, vomiting, diarrhea with bloodv 
 stools, lips and tongue white and shriveled, 
 pulse small and frequent, death in coma or 
 convulsions; pain may be absent; secondary 
 symptoms, hectic fever, coppery taste, fetid 
 breath, gums swollen, salivation; treatment, 
 albumin in some form ; raw w r hite of egg or flour ; 
 evacuate stomach; opium; potassium iodid. 
 Morphin. See Opium in this table. Nitric 
 Acid. See Acid, Nitric, in this table. Nitro- 
 glycerin, symptoms, throbbing headache, 
 pulsation over entire body, dicrotic pulse, 
 flushed face, mental confusion, anxiety, sudden 
 collapse; treatment, recumbent position; cold 
 to head; ergot; atropin. Nux vomica. 
 See St. Ignatius Bean, in this table. Opium 
 (Morphin, Narcein, Codein, Laudanum), 
 symptoms, preliminary mental excitement, 
 acceleration of heart, soon weariness, sensa- 
 tion of weight in the limbs, sleepiness, dimin- 
 ished sensibility, pin-point pupils, pulse and 
 respiration slow and strong; patient can be 
 roused with difficulty, later this becomes im- 
 possible, reflexes abolished, respiration slow, 
 irregular, and stertorous, pulse rapid and 
 feeble; treatment: i. Evacuate stomach with 
 mustard or stomach-pump. 2. Arouse pa- 
 tient to maintain respiration by exercise, 
 flagellation with wet towels, cold and hot 
 douches alternately, 3. Stimulate by atropin, 
 coffee, alcohol, if pulse fails; external heat; 
 inhalations of oxygen; injection of dilute 
 solution of potassium permanganate. Oxalic 
 Acid. See Acid, Oxalic, in this table. Paris- 
 green. See Arsenic in this table. 
 Phenol, symptoms, immediate burning pain 
 from mouth to stomach, giddiness, loss of 
 
POISON 
 
 777 
 
 PORENCEPHALITIS 
 
 consciousness, collapse, partial suppression 
 of urine, which is smoky in color, charac- 
 teristic odor, white, corrugated patches in 
 mouth; treatment, stomach-pump, magnesium 
 sulfate or sodium sulfate, atropin. Phos- 
 phorus, symptoms, vomiting and pain, vomit 
 may be luminous in the dark, characteristic 
 odor; after several days deep jaundice, coffee- 
 colored vomit, hepatic tenderness, albumin- 
 uria, marked fall in temperature, coma, 
 failure of pulse and respiration; treatment, 
 sulfate of copper as an emetic, then as an 
 antidote in small doses with opium; purga- 
 tion. Physostigma venenosum {Calabar- 
 bean), symptoms, giddiness, prostration, loss 
 of power in the lower limbs, muscular twitch- 
 ing, contracted pupils, mind clear; treatment, 
 evacuate stomach; atropin; strychnin; stim- 
 ulants; artificial respiration. Prussic Acid. 
 See Acid, Hydrocyanic, in this table. San- 
 tonin, symptoms, disturbance of color-vision 
 — objects first assume a bluish tinge, then 
 yellow; tinnitus, dizziness, pain in the abdo- 
 men, failure of respiration, convulsions, 
 stupor; treatment, evacuate stomach; stimu- 
 lants; chloral. Savin, symptoms, pain, 
 vomiting, bloody stools and tenesmus, dis- 
 ordered respirations, coma, convulsions, and 
 collapse; treatment, evacuate stomach; cas- 
 tor-oil in large dose; morphin; poultices to 
 the abdomen. Silver Salts, symptoms, pain, 
 vomiting, and purging; vomit white and 
 cheesy, rapidly turning black in the sunlight; 
 vertigo, coma, convulsions, paralysis, and 
 marked disturbance of respiration; treatment, 
 salt and water; . evacuate stomach; a large 
 amount of milk. St. Ignatius Bean, 
 Strychnos ignatii, Strychnos nux-vomica, 
 (Nux vomica, Strychnin, Brucin), symp- 
 toms, tetanic convulsions in paroxysms at 
 varying intervals of from five minutes to 
 half an hour; opisthotonos during paroxysm; 
 eyeballs prominent, pupils dilated, respiration 
 impeded, pulse feeble and rapid, anxiety; 
 treatment, evacuate stomach; tannic acid 
 followed by an emetic; catheterize; keep 
 patient quiet; bromids and chloral; amyl 
 nitrite or chloroform to control convulsions; 
 artificial respiration if indicated. Tobacco 
 (Nicotin), symptoms, nausea, vomiting, weak- 
 ness, weak pulse, cold and clammy skin, 
 collapse, pupils contracted, then dilated; 
 treatment, evacuate stomach; tannic acid; 
 strychnin; stimulants;- warmth; recumbent 
 position. Veratrum album {White Helle- 
 bore), Veratrum viride {Green Hellebore), 
 symptoms, pain and burning in alimentary 
 tract, vomiting and diarrhea, slow, weak 
 pulse, labored respiration, pupils usually 
 dilated; there may be convulsions; treatment, 
 evacuate stomach; ether hypodermatically; 
 opium; stimulants; coffee; warmth; recum- 
 bent position. 
 Poke-root. See Phytolacca. 
 Polar {po'-lar) [pole]. Pertaining to or situated 
 near a pole. P. Bodies, P. Cells, P. Glob- 
 ules, two minute cells thrown off by the 
 
 unfecundated ovum during maturation. P. 
 Method, a method of applying electricity, 
 in which the pole the distinctive effect of 
 which is wanted is placed over the part to 
 be treated and the other pole over some 
 indifferent part. P. Rays, the astral rays 
 of the mitotic figure. 
 Polarimeter {po-lar-im'-et-er) [polar; akxpov, a. 
 measure]. An instrument for determining 
 the degree to which an optically active sub- 
 stance changes the place of polarization to 
 the right or to the left. 
 Polariscope {po-lar' -i-skop) [polar; omxecv, to 
 view}. An instrument for studying the po- 
 larization of fight; a polarimeter. 
 Polarity {po-lar' -it-e) [polar]. The state of 
 having poles or points of intensity presenting 
 opposite qualities. 
 Polarization {po-lar -i-za' -shun) [polarize], i. 
 The act of polarizing or the state of being 
 polarized. 2. A condition produced in a 
 ray of light by absorption, reflection, or re- 
 fraction, by means of which the vibrations 
 are restricted and take place in one plane 
 only {plane polarization) or in curves {cir- 
 cular or elliptic polarization). The plane of 
 polarization is altered or rotated when the 
 light is passed through a quartz-crystal or 
 solutions of certain substances {rotatory 
 polarization) . 3. The deposit of gas-bubbles 
 (hydrogen) on the electronegative plate of a 
 galvanic battery, whereby the flow of the 
 current is impeded, and, owing to the negative 
 plate covered with hydrogen being more 
 electropositive than the zinc plate, the differ- 
 ence in potential between the two plates is 
 reduced. 
 Polarize {po'-lar -Iz) [polar]. To endow with 
 
 polarity; to place in a state of polarization. 
 Polarizer {po'-lar-i-zer) [polarize]. An object, 
 such as a Nicol prism, by means of which 
 light is polarized. 
 Pole {pol) [~oAoc, a pole]. 1. Either extremity 
 of the axis of a body, as of the fetus, the 
 crystalline lens, etc. 2. One of two points 
 at which opposite physical qualities, e. g., 
 electricity or magnetism, are concentrated; 
 specifically, the electrode of a galvanic bat- 
 tery, which is positive {positive pole) when 
 connected with the electronegative plate of 
 the battery (carbon, copper, platinum), or 
 negative {negative pole) when connected with 
 the electropositive plate (zinc). P. -changer, 
 a switch or key for changing or reversing the 
 direction of a current produced by an electric 
 battery. 
 Poleozone {po-le'-o-zon). A bactericide said 
 to be obtained from potassium chlorate by 
 action of sulfuric acid. 
 Poliencephalitis {pol-e-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [rzohoc, 
 gray; i}-fci(£>aXof, brain; ncc, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the gray matter of the brain. 
 P. acuta, an acute inflammation of the 
 cerebral cortex, which, when occurring in 
 children, gives rise to infantile cerebral palsy. 
 P., Anterior Superior, an inflammatory 
 disease of the gray matter of the third ven- 
 
POLIO- 
 
 778 
 
 POLYCLONIA 
 
 tricle, of the anterior portion of the fourth, 
 and of that about the sylvian aqueduct. It 
 is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, chiefly 
 external, and a peculiar somnolent state. 
 
 Polio- (pol-e-o) [itoXcbg, gray]. A prefix mean- 
 ing gray. 
 
 Poliomyelencephalitis (pol-e-o-mi-el-en-sef-al- 
 i'-tis) [polio-; fweXbc, marrow; iyicifaXoc, 
 brain; exec, inflammation]. Poliomyelitis and 
 poliencephalitis existing together. 
 
 Poliomyelitis (pol-e-o-mi-el-i'-tis) [polio-; 
 myelitis]. Inflammation of the gray matter 
 of the spinal cord. P., Acute Anterior, 
 infantile paralysis, an acute inflammation 
 of the anterior horns of the gray matter of 
 the spinal cord. It is most common in chil- 
 dren, coming on during the period of the first 
 dentition, and producing a paralysis of certain 
 muscle -groups or of an entire limb. The 
 onset is sudden, and the paralysis is usually 
 most extensive in the beginning, a certain 
 amount of improvement taking place subse- 
 quently. The affected muscles atrophy rap- 
 idly, the reflexes in them are lost, and reaction 
 of degeneration develops. From contraction 
 of antagonistic muscles deformities occur 
 later in life. P., Chronic Anterior. Syno- 
 nym of Progressive muscular atrophy. 
 
 Poliomyelopathy (pol -e-o-mi-el- op'-ath-e) 
 [polio-; fiueXbg, marrow; nadoc, dis- 
 ease]. Disease of the gray matter of the 
 spinal cord and medulla oblongata. 
 
 Polioplasm (pol' -e-o-plazm) [polio-; nXac/ia, 
 plasm]. Granular protoplasm. 
 
 Poliosis (pol-e-o' -sis) [noXcbc, gray]. A condi- 
 tion characterized by absence of pigment in 
 the hair. 
 
 Politzer's Bag. A pear-shaped rubber bag 
 with a conic tip, used for inflating the 
 middle ear. The tip is introduced into the 
 nostril, and the bag compressed while the 
 other nostril is closed and the patient per- 
 forms the act of swallowing. The latter opens 
 the eustachian tube and allows the air to 
 enter. P.'s Luminous Cone, a brightly 
 illuminated area in the shape of an isosceles 
 triangle which has its base near the lower 
 circumference and its apex at the umbo of 
 the membrana tympani. P.'s Method, in- 
 flation of middle ear through the eustachian 
 tube. P.'s Test, in cases of unilateral mid- 
 dle-ear disease, associated with obstruction 
 of the eustachian tube, the sound of a vibrat- 
 ing tuning fork (C 2 ) held before the nares 
 during deglutition is perceived by the normal 
 ear only; if the tube is patulous, the sound 
 sensation is frequently stronger in the affected 
 ear. In unilateral disease of the labyrinth 
 the tuning-fork is heard in the normal ear 
 whether or not deglutition occur. 
 
 Politzerization (pol-its-er-i-za' -shun) [after 
 Adam Politzer, an Austrian otologist]. The 
 inflation of the middle ear by means of a 
 rubber bag. 
 
 Pollakiuria (pol-ak-i-u'-re-ah) [noXXancc, often; 
 oupov, urine] Abnormally frequent micturi- 
 tion. 
 
 Pollex (pol'-eks) [L.]. i. The thumb. 2. The 
 great toe. 
 
 Pollicar (pol'-ik-ar) [pollex]. Relating to the 
 thumb. 
 
 Pollution (pol-u'-shun) [polluere, to defile]. 
 1. The act of defiling or rendering impure, 
 as pollution of drinking-water. 2. The pro- 
 duction of the sexual orgasm by means other 
 than sexual intercourse. 
 
 Polonium (pol-o'-ne-um) [Poland, home of the 
 discoverers]. A radioactive element isolated 
 by M. and Mme. Curie from pitch-blende. 
 
 Poly- (pol-e-) [noXug, many]. A prefix denoting 
 many or much. 
 
 Polyacid (pol-e-as'-id) [poly-; acid]. Applied 
 to a base or basic radicle capable of saturating 
 several molecules of the acid radicle. 
 
 Polyadenia (pol-e-ad-e'-ni-ah) [poly-; ddyv, a 
 gland]. Hodgkin's disease. 
 
 Polyadenitis (pol-e-ad-en-i'-tis). Inflammation 
 of many glands at once. P., Malignant, 
 bubonic plague. 
 
 Poly anemia (pol-e-an-e'-me-ah). Excessive 
 anemia. 
 
 Polyarthritis (pol-e-ar-thri'-tis). Inflammation 
 of many joints. P. rheumatica acuta. See 
 Rheumatism, Acute Articular. 
 
 Polyarticular (pol-e-ar-tik'-u-lar) [poly-; artic- 
 ulus, joint]. Affecting many joints; the term 
 multiarticular is preferable. 
 
 Polyatomic (pol-e-at-om'-ik). 1. Containing 
 several atoms. 2. Having several hydrogen 
 atoms replaceable by bases. 
 
 Polyaxon (pol-e-aks'-on). 1. In biology, having 
 several axes of growth. 2. A neuron having 
 more than two axons. 
 
 Polybasic (pol-e-ba'-sik) [poly-; base.] 1. 
 Of acids, having several hydrogen atoms 
 replaceable by bases. 2. Formed from a 
 polybasic acid by the replacement of more 
 than one hydrogen atom by a base. 
 
 Polycholia (pol-e-ko'-le-ah) [poly-; 20A7}, bile]. 
 Excessive secretion of bile. 
 
 Polychromatic (pol -e - kro - mat' - ik) [poly-; 
 Xpcofia, color]. Many-colored. 
 
 Polychromatoph.il (pol-e-kro-mat'-o-fil) [poly-; 
 XpoJ/J-a, color; faXe'cv, to love]. 1. An erythro- 
 cyte which has lost its affinity for acid stain 
 and which with mixtures of acid and basic 
 dyes is stained atypically by either or both 
 elements. 2. See Polycromatophilic. 
 
 Polychromatophilia (pol-e-kro-mat-o-fil'-e-ah) . 
 The presence in the blood of polychromato- 
 phils. 
 
 P olychromatophilic (pol-e-kro-mat-o-fil'-ik) . 
 Exhibiting no special affinity for acid or basic 
 dyes. 
 
 Polychromemia (pol-e-kro-me'-me-ah) [poly-; 
 Xp(b[ia, color; alfia, blood]. The increase in 
 coloring-matter in the blood as a sequel of 
 polycythemia. 
 
 Polychylic (pol-e-ki'-lik) [poly-; x u ^°C> chyle]. 
 Relating to an excess of chyle. 
 
 Polyclinic (pol-e-klin'-ik). A hospital in which 
 many diseases are treated. 
 
 Polyclonia (pol-e-klo'-ne-ah) [poly-; kXovoc, 
 commotion! An affection said to be distinct 
 
POLYCORIA 
 
 779 
 
 POLYNUCLEAR 
 
 from tic and chorea but marked by clonic 
 spasms. 
 
 Polycoria {pol-e-ko' -re-ah) [poly-; Koprj, pupil]. 
 The existence of more than one pupil in the 
 iris. 
 
 Polycrotic {pol-e-krot'-ik) [poly-; Kpbroc, pulse]. 
 Of the pulse, presenting several waves for 
 each cardiac systole. 
 
 Polycyesis {pol-e-si-e'-sis) [poly-; kotjocc, preg- 
 nancy], i. The occurrence of frequent preg- 
 nancy. 2. Multiple pregnancy. 
 
 Polycystic {pol-e-sis* -tik) [poly-; Kuaxcg, a sac]. 
 Containing many cysts. 
 
 Polycythemia {pol-e-si-the* -me-ali) [poly-; kutoc, 
 cell; a} pa, blood]. A state of the blood 
 characterized by an excess of red corpuscles. 
 Polycythemia cyanotica, a form associated 
 with chronic cyanosis, enlargement of the 
 spleen, and constipation without any sign of 
 disease of the heart, lungs, or kidneys and 
 with no emphysema. 
 
 Polydactylism {pol-e-dak* -til-izm) [poly-; dax- 
 xuXoc, a finger]. The existence of supernum- 
 erary fingers or toes. 
 
 Polydipsia {pol-e-dip' '-se-ah) [poly-; d'c^a, thirst]. 
 Excessive thirst. 
 
 Polyemia, Polyaemia {pol-e-e* -me-ali) [poly-; 
 alpa, blood]. Abnormal increase of the total 
 mass of the blood; plethora. Polyaemia 
 hyperalbuminosa, an excess of albumin in 
 the blood-plasma. Polyaemia polycythae- 
 mica, an increase of the red corpuscles. 
 Polyaemia serosa, a condition in which the 
 amount of blood-serum is increased. 
 
 Polyesthesia {pol - e - es - the' - ze - ah) [poly-; 
 a'codfjoif, sensation]. An abnormity of sen- 
 sation in which a single touch is felt in two 
 or more places at the same time. 
 
 Polyformin {pol-e-}orm'-in). An antiseptic 
 
 compound obtained by dissolving resorcinol 
 in aqueous formaldehyd and adding an 
 excess of ammonia; it is an insoluble, odor- 
 less powder used in the same manner as 
 iodoform. P., Soluble, C 6 H 4 (OH 2 ) 2 — (CH 2 ) 6 - 
 N 4 , diresorcinol hexamethylentetramin, a 
 combination of two molecules of resorcinol 
 with one molecule of hexamethylentetramin 
 (urotropin); white crystals, very soluble in 
 water and alcohol, insoluble in ether, benzol, 
 and oils. It is used internally as an anti- 
 ferment; externally in skin diseases. 
 
 Polygalactia (pol-e-gal-ak'-te-ah) [poly-; y&Xa, 
 milk]. Excessive secretion of milk. 
 
 Polygalin (pol-ig'-al-in). See Senega. 
 
 Polyganglionic {pol-e-gang-gle-on* -ik) [poly-; 
 ganglion], i. Having several ganglions. 2. 
 Affecting several lymphatic glands at once. 
 
 Polygnathus {pol-ig' '-na-thus) [poly-; yvaQog. 
 jaw]. A form of monster in which the parasite 
 is attached to the jaws of the host. 
 
 Polygonal {pol-ig* -o-naT) [poly-; yajvta, an 
 angle]. Having many angles. 
 
 Polygyria {pol-e-jir* -e-ah) [poly-; yupoc, gyre]. 
 The existence of an excessive number of con- 
 volutions in the brain. 
 
 Polyhedral {pol-e-he* -drat) [poly-; edpa, a seat; 
 a base]. Having many surfaces. 
 
 Polyhidria {pol-e-hi' -dre-ah) . See Polyidrosis. 
 
 Polyhydramnios {pol-e-hi-dram* -ne-os). An 
 excessive production of liquor amnii. 
 
 Polyidrosis {pol-e-id-ro 1 '-sis) [poly-; "copiootc, 
 sweating]. Excessive sweating. 
 
 Polyleptic {pol-e-lep* -tik) [poly-; kap.fla.veiv, to 
 seize]. Characterized by numerous remissions 
 and exacerbations. 
 
 Polymastia {pol-e-mas* -te-ah) [poly-; paoxbg, a 
 breast]. The presence of more than two 
 breasts or nipples.' The supernumerary 
 organs may be below the breast proper, in 
 the axilla, or elsewhere on the body. 
 
 Polymelia {pol-e-me* -le-ah) [poly-; pkXoc, a 
 limb]. A malformation consisting in the 
 presence of more than the normal number 
 of limbs. 
 
 Polymelus {pol-im* -el-us) [see Polymelia]. A 
 monster having more than the normal number 
 of limbs. 
 
 Polymenia {pol-e-me* -ne-ah) [poly-; pfjvef, 
 months]. Menorrhagia. 
 
 Polymeric {pol-e-mer* -ik) [see Polymerism]. 1. 
 Exhibiting polymerism. 2. Applied to mus- 
 cles which are derived from two or more 
 myotomes. 
 
 Polymerid {pol-im* -er-id) [see Polymerism]. In 
 chemistry, a compound having the property 
 of polymerism. 
 
 Polymerism {pol-im* -er-izm) [poly-; pepoc, a 
 part]. 1. The existence of more than a nor- 
 mal number of parts. 2. A variety of isomer- 
 ism. See Isomeric and Polymerization. 
 
 Polymerization {pol - e - mer - i - za* - shun) 
 [see Polymerism). The apparent fusion or 
 union of two or more molecules of a com- 
 pound, forming a more complex molecule, 
 with a higher molecular weight and some- 
 what different physical and chemic proper- 
 ties. 
 
 Polymorphic, Polymorphous {pol-e-mor'-fik, 
 pol-e-mor' -fus) [see Polymorphism]. Having 
 or occurring in several forms; of a crystal 
 crystallizing in several forms. 
 
 Polymorphism {pol -e- mor* - fizm) [poly-; 
 p.op<j>7), form]. The state of being poly- 
 morphous. 
 
 Polymorphonuclear {pol-e-mor-fo-nu* -kle-ar) . 
 Applied to multinuclear leukocytes which have 
 nuclei exceedingly irregular in form, being 
 twisted or knotted or presenting the appear- 
 ance of being divided into distinct portions, 
 though in reality a thin lamina of nuclear 
 substance unites them. 
 
 Polymyoclonus {pol-e-mi-o-klo* -nus). See 
 Paramyoclonus. 
 
 Polymyositis {pol-e-mi-o-si* -tis) . A disease of 
 the muscles, usually fatal, characterized by 
 inflammation, pains, deformity, and pros- 
 tration. 
 
 Polynesic {pol-e-ne'-sik) [poly-; vfjooc, island]. 
 Occurring in several foci, e. g., polynesic 
 sclerosis. 
 
 Polyneuritis {pol-e-nu-ri* -tis) . See Neuritis, 
 Multiple. 
 
 Polynuclear {pol-e-nu* -kle-ar). See Multinu- 
 clear. 
 
POLYNUCLEARNEUTROPHILIC 
 
 780 
 
 POLYTRICHIA 
 
 Po lynuc learneutr ophilic (pol-e-nu-kle-ar-nu- 
 tro-fil' -ik) . Relating to polynuclear leukocytes 
 which are readily stainable with neutral dyes. 
 
 Polynucleosis (pol-e-nu-kle-o' -sis) . The con- 
 dition of having many multinuclear cells in 
 the blood or in a pathologic exudate. 
 
 Polyopia, Polyopsia (pol-e-o' -pe-ah, pol-e-op'- 
 se-ah) [poly-; b(J)tg, sight]. A condition in 
 which more than one image of an object is 
 formed upon the retina. 
 
 Poly orchis (pol-e-or' -kis) [poly-; bpx^C, a tes- 
 ticle]. One who has more than two testicles. 
 
 Polyotia (pol-e-o' '-she-ah) [poly-; ouc, ear]. 
 A condition in which there is more than one 
 auricle on a side. 
 
 Polyp, Polypus (pol'-ip, pol'-e-pus) [poly-; izooc, 
 foot]. A tumor having a pedicle, found espe- 
 cially on mucous membranes, as in the nose, 
 bladder, rectum, uterus, etc. P., Blood-. 
 Synonym of P., Placental. Polypus car- 
 nosus. Synonym of Sarcoma. P., Fibrin- 
 ous, a polypoid mass on the uterine wall, 
 resulting from the deposition of fibrin from 
 retained blood. The mass may be attached 
 to portions of an ovum or to thrombi at 
 the placental site. P., Fibrous, a polyp 
 composed chiefly of fibrous tissue. P., 
 Mucous, a soft polyp resulting either from a 
 localized inflammatory hyperplasia of a mu- 
 cous membrane or from the formation of a 
 true myxoma. P., Placental, a fibrinous 
 polyp resulting from the deposit of fibrin upon 
 a portion of retained placenta. P., Soft. 
 Synonym of P., Mucous. P., Vascular, a 
 pedunculated angioma. 
 
 Polypapilloma tropicum (pol-e-pap-il-o'-mah). 
 Frambesia. 
 
 Polyparesis (pol-e-par' -es-is) [poly-; napeocc, 
 weakness]. General paresis. 
 
 Polyphagia (pol-e-fa'-je-ah) [poly-; <fiayeev, to 
 eat]. Bulimia. 
 
 Polypharmacy (pol-e-]ar f -mas-e) [poly-; <f>app.a- 
 kov, a drug]. The prescription of many drugs 
 at one time; the excessive use of drugs. 
 
 Polyphrasia (pol-e-fra'-ze-ah) [poly-; <f)paocc, 
 speech]. A morbid state characterized by 
 excessive speaking; morbid loquacity; ver- 
 bigeration. 
 
 Polyplasmia {pol-e-plaz'-me-ah) [poly-; 7iXaop.a, 
 plasm]. Extreme fluidity of the blood. 
 
 Polyplastic (pol-e-plas'-tik) [poly-; tzXolooecv, 
 to mold], i. Of cells, having many substances 
 in their composition. 2. Undergoing many 
 modifications during development. 
 
 Polypnea (pol-ip-ne' -ah) [poly-; izvo'ca, breath- 
 ing]. Great rapidity of respiration; panting 
 respiration. 
 
 Polypodium (pol-e-po' '-de-um) [poly-; noug, 
 foot]. A genus of ferns several species of 
 which are asserted to have medical properties. 
 The rhizome of P. aureum, of the West 
 Indies, is used as a styptic; P. calaguala, the 
 true calaguala, of Mexico and Peru, has a 
 high reputation as a solvent and diaphoretic; 
 the juice of the rhizome of P. querci folium, 
 of the East Indies, is used in inflammation of 
 the eyes and in gonorrhea; the rhizome is 
 
 used in malaria and as a tonic; P. vulgar e, 
 of Europe and America, has been used as an 
 expectorant in chronic catarrh and asthma. 
 
 Polypoid (poV -e-poid) [polyp; etdof, like]. 
 Resembling a polyp. 
 
 Polyporus (pol-ip' -o-rus) [poly-; nopog, pore]. 
 A genus of fungi. P. amanita, a poisonous 
 agaric, used for killing flies, has marked ex- 
 citant and narcotic properties. It has been 
 used topically in cancerous tumors and ulcers 
 and internally in epilepsy, skin diseases, par- 
 alysis, and tuberculosis. It contains the alka- 
 loids muscarin and amanitin. Syn., Amanita 
 muscaria; Bug agaric; Fly agaric. P. offici- 
 nalis, grows on the larch and is known as purg- 
 ing agaric. It is used in night-sweats of 
 tuberculosis. Dose of fluidextract 1-15 min. 
 (0.06-1.0 Cc). 
 
 Polyposis (pol-ip-o f -sis) [poly-; izbotc, draught]. 
 1. Excessive thirst; polydipsia. 2. [polyp.] 
 The condition of being affected with 
 polyps. P. ventriculi, a plicate, warty con- 
 dition of the gastric mucosa associated with 
 hypertrophy and catarrh. Syn., Etat mame- 
 lonne. 
 
 Polypus (pol'-e-pus). See Polyp. 
 
 Polyrrhea (pol-e-re'-ah) [poly-; po'ca, a flow]. 
 An excessive secretion of fluid. 
 
 Polysaccharid (pol-is-ak'-ar-id). See Carbo- 
 hydrate. 
 
 Polysarcia (pol-e-sar' -se-ah) [poly-; oap£, flesh]. 
 Excessive corpulency; obesity. 
 
 Polysarcous (pol-e-sar' -kus) [polysarcia]. Cor- 
 pulent; exhibiting polysarcia. 
 
 Polyscelia (pol-e-ske' -le-ah) [poly-; onkXog, leg]. 
 Excess in the number of legs. 
 
 Polyscelus (pol-is f -kel-us) [see Polyscelia]. A 
 monster having supernumerary legs. 
 
 Polyscope (pol'-is-kop) [poly-; OKone'tv, to ob- 
 serve]. An instrument provided with an 
 electric light which is introduced into a cavity 
 in order to illuminate its internal surfaces. 
 
 Polyserositis (pol-e-se-ro-si'-tis). Progressive 
 malignant inflammation of the serous mem- 
 branes. See Concato's Disease. 
 
 Polysinuitis, Polysinusitis (pol-e-sin-u-i'-tis, 
 -si'-tis). Simultaneous inflammation of sev- 
 eral sinuses. 
 
 Polysolvol (pol-e-soV -vot) . A thick, clear 
 liquid which has the property of dissolving 
 large quantities of phenol, menthol, salicylic 
 acid, etc. It is obtained by treating castor- 
 oil successively with strong sulfuric acid and 
 sodium chlorid and neutralizing the sulfori- 
 cinic acid obtained with sodium hydroxid. Syn., 
 Ammonium sulforicinate; Solvin sodium. 
 
 Polysomia (pol-e-so' -me-ah) [poly-; owp.a, body] 
 A monster having more than a single bod} 
 or trunk. 
 
 Polyspermism (pol-e-sper'-mizm) [poly-; oizepfxa 
 seed]. An excessive quantity of seminal fluid 
 
 Polystichia (pol-e-stiW -e-ah) [poly-; ox'cxoc 
 row]. A condition in which the eyelashe:; 
 are arranged in two or more rows. 
 
 Polytrichia, Polytrichosis (pol-e-trik' -e-ah 
 pol-e-trik-o'-sis) [poly-; Optf, hair]. Excessiv 
 development of hair. 
 
POLYTRICHUM 
 
 781 
 
 PORENCEPHALIA 
 
 Polytrichum {pol-it' -rik-um) [xoXuzpcxoc, hav- 
 ing much hair]. A genus of mosses; hair- 
 moss. P. juniperinum is a species indigenous 
 to the United States and Europe, and is a 
 powerful diuretic. Dose of the fluidextract 
 20-60 min. (1.2-3.7 Cc). 
 Polyuria (pol-e-u' '-re-ah) [poly-; oupov, urine]. 
 The passage of an excessive quantity of 
 urine. The causes of temporary polyuria 
 are excessive ingestion of fluids, cold, suppres- 
 sion of perspiration, the use of diuretics; it 
 occurs in the crisis of fevers, in hysteria, and 
 in nervous excitement. A permanent poly- 
 uria is met in diabetes mellitus, diabetes 
 insipidus, chronic interstitial nephritis, and 
 in amyloid disease of the kidneys. P. spas- 
 tica, intermittent polyuria with hysteric 
 symptoms accompanying convulsions. 
 Pomade {po-mad') [pomum, apple]. A perfumed 
 
 ointment for applying to the scalp. 
 Pomatum {po-ma'-tum) [L.]. A pomade. 
 Pomegranate {pum-gran'-at). See Granatum. 
 Pompholyx, Pompholix (pom' -}o-liks) [nofi- 
 <f)6\u£, a bubble]. A rare disease characterized 
 by bullous eruptions on the palms of the hands 
 and between the fingers. It occurs in de- 
 pressed states of the nervous system, and is 
 more common in women than in men. Syn., 
 Chiro pompholyx; Dysidrosis. 
 Pomphus {pom'-fus). See Wheal. 
 Pomum (po'-mum) [L.]. Apple. P. adami, 
 Adam's apple, the prominence in the front 
 of the neck caused by the projection of the 
 thyroid cartilage. 
 Pond's Extract. A fluidextract of Hama- 
 
 melis virginiana. 
 Ponfick's Shadows. Achromacytes; colorless 
 red corpuscles found in the blood in cases of 
 hemoglobinemia. > 
 
 Ponogene (pon'-o-jen) [novo?, work; ytvvav, to 
 produce]. Waste-matter of the nervous sys- 
 tem. 
 Ponograph {pon'-o-gra}) [novog, pain; ypafacv, 
 to write]. An apparatus for determining and 
 registering sensitiveness to pain. 
 Pons [L., "abridge"]. 1. A process or bridge 
 of tissue connecting two parts of an organ. 2. 
 The pons varolii. P. basilaris, the basilar 
 process of the occipital bone. P. cerebelli. 
 Same as P. varolii. P. tarini, the posterior 
 perforated space. P. varolii, a convex 
 white eminence situated at the base of the 
 brain, and serving to connect the various 
 divisions with one another. It is placed in 
 front of the medulla oblongata, behind the 
 cerebrum, and beneath the cerebellum, and 
 rests upon the sphenobasilar groove. In 
 structure the pons consists chiefly of nerve- 
 fibers, but contains also areas of gray matter — 
 the pontine nuclei. On section two portions, 
 a superior and an inferior, are distinguishable. 
 The latter contains transverse commissural 
 fibers and is traversed by the pyramidal 
 tracts. The superior or dorsal portion of the 
 pons consists largely of gray matter which is 
 continued up from below, especially the for- 
 matio reticularis and the dorsal tracts of gray 
 
 substance. In places the gray matter is 
 grouped to form the nuclei of the fifth, sixth, 
 seventh, and eighth nerves. In the lower 
 part of the pons there is a small, folded gray 
 mass — the superior olivary nucleus. It is 
 inclosed by transverse fibers known as the 
 trapezium. The pons is connected with the 
 medulla, with the cerebellum (by the middle 
 peduncles), and with the cerebrum (by the 
 crura cerebri). 
 
 Ponticinerea {pon-ti-sin-e' -re-ah) . A collec- 
 tion of gray matter in the pons. 
 
 Pontile, Pontine {pon'-til, pon'-ten) [pons]. 
 Pertaining to the pons varolii. P. Hemi- 
 plegia, a hemiplegia due to a lesion of the 
 pons. When the lesion is situated low down 
 in the pons, below the decussation of the fibers 
 of the facial nerve, and above that of the 
 pyramidal tracts, the hemiplegia is alternate; 
 i. e., the arm and leg on one side, and the face 
 on the other, are paralyzed. 
 
 Poplar (pop'-lar). See Populus. 
 
 Popliteal {pop-lit-e' -al) [poples, the ham of the 
 knee; the hock]. Pertaining to or situated 
 in the ham, as popliteal artery, popliteal nerve, 
 popliteal space. P. Aneurysm, aneurysm 
 of the popliteal artery. P. Artery. See 
 under Artery. 
 
 Popliteus {pop-lit-e'-us) [see Popliteal]. The 
 ham or hinder part of the knee-joint. P. 
 Muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Poppy {pop'-e) [AS., popig]. Papaver som- 
 niferum, a plant of the order Papaver acece; 
 the capsules yield opium. P. -capsules (papa- 
 veris capsulte, B. P.), possess effects similar 
 to those of opium, but far milder in degree. 
 •The decoction (decoctum papaveris, B. P.) 
 is used chiefly as an anodyne application. 
 Dose of the extract {extr actum papaveris, B. P.) 
 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.); of the syrup 
 {syrupus papaveris, B. P.) ^-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 Red poppy is used in making the syrupus 
 rhceados of the B. P. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Populin (pop'-u-lin). See Populus. 
 
 Populus {pop'-u-lus) [L.]. Poplar, a genus of 
 trees of the order Salicinece, several species of 
 which yield salicin (salicinum, U. S. P.), 
 C 13 H l8 7 , and populin or benzoyl-salicin, 
 C^H^Og. Poplar-buds have been used in 
 rheumatism and Bright's disease. The leaves 
 and buds are also employed for anodyne 
 ointments. The wood and bark of the root 
 of P. monilifera, cottonwood, of the United 
 States, are said to be powerful antiperiodics. 
 
 Porcellaneous, Porcellanous (por-sel-a'-ne-us, 
 por-sel'-an-us). Relating to or having the 
 appearance of porcelain; applied to a con- 
 dition of the skin in fever. 
 
 Porcupine-disease. See Ichthyosis. 
 
 Pore (por) [izbpoc, a. pore or cavity]. A minute 
 circular opening on a surface, as a pore of 
 the skin, the opening of the duct of a sudorip- 
 arous gland. See also Porus. 
 
 Porencephalia, Porencephalus (por-en-sef-a' '- 
 le-ah, por-en-sef '-al-us) [pore; kjKk^>akog, 
 brain]. A condition characterized by the 
 presence of depressions on the surface of 
 
PORENCEPHALITIS 
 
 782 
 
 POSITION 
 
 the brain, due to a congenital arrest of de- 
 velopment or to an acquired defect. 
 
 Porencephalitis {por-en-sef-al-i'-tis) [poren- 
 cephalia]. Encephalitis with a tendency to 
 the formation of cavities. 
 
 Porencephalous (por-en-sef '-al-us) [porenceph- 
 alia]. Affected with porencephalia. 
 
 Pornography (por-nog'-ra-fe) [xopvr], a prosti- 
 tute; rpafecv, to write], i. A treatise on 
 prostitution. 2. Obscene writing. 
 
 Porno therapy (por-no-ther' '-ap-e) [nbpvq, a 
 prostitute; depamia, therapy]. The medical 
 supervision of prostitutes as related to public 
 hygiene. 
 
 Porocele (po'-ro-sel) [ncbpoc, callus; ktjXt), her- 
 nia]. A scrotal hernia in which the coverings 
 are indurated and thickened. 
 
 Poroma (po-ro'-mah) [xcbpcopia]. A callosity. 
 
 Poroplastic (po-ro-plas' '-tik) [pore; nXaooecv, 
 to mold]. Porous and plastic. P. Felt, a 
 porous felt which is readily molded ; it is used 
 in the preparation of splints and jackets. 
 
 Porosis (po-ro'-sis) [rcwpoc, callus]. The for- 
 mation of callus. 
 
 Porosity (po-ros'-it-e) [porous]. The condition 
 of being porous. 
 
 Porotomy (po-rof -o-me) [pore; to/jltj, a cut- 
 ting]. Incision of the meatus of the urethra. 
 
 Porous (po'-rus) [pore]. Having pores. 
 
 Porphyreus (por-fi' -re-us) [nopcfrupa, purple]. In 
 biology showing spots of purple upon a ground 
 of another hue. 
 
 Porphyrin (por'-fir-in) [see Porphyreus]. A 
 white, amorphous substance, C21H25N3O2, 
 from Alstonia constricta, Australian fever- 
 bark. It is antipyretic. 
 
 Porphyrization (por -fir -i-za' -shun) [porphyry, 
 a kind of rock]. Pulverization, so called be- 
 cause generally performed on a tablet of 
 porphyry. 
 
 Porphyruria (por-fir-u f -re-ah) [nopcfrupa, purple; 
 obpo\>, urine]. The discharge of urine colored 
 with purpurin. 
 
 Porret's Phenomenon. When a continuous 
 current is passed through a living muscular 
 fiber, the sarcous substance shows an undu- 
 lating movement from the positive toward the 
 negative pole. 
 
 Porriginous (por-ij'-in-us). Relating to por- 
 rigo ; scurfy. 
 
 Porrigo (por-i'-go) [L.]. An old term applied 
 to several diseases of the scalp. P. decal- 
 vans, alopecia areata. P. favosa, favus. 
 P. larvalis, impetigo of the scalp conjoined 
 with eczema. 
 
 Porro's Operation, Porro-cesarean Section. 
 See Operation, Porro's. 
 
 Porta (por'-tah) [L., "gate"]. The hilus of 
 an organ through which the vessels enter. 
 P. hepatis, P. jecoris, the transverse fissure 
 of the liver through which the portal vein 
 enters the organ. 
 
 Portal {por'-tal) [porta]. Pertaining to the 
 porta or hilum of an organ, especially to 
 the porta hepatis or to the vein entering at the 
 porta hepatis {portal vein). P. Circulation, 
 the passage of blood from the stomach, spleen, 
 
 and intestine through the portal vein and the 
 liver. P. Fissure. See Fissure, Transverse. 
 P. Vein, the large vein entering the liver at 
 the transverse fissure, and bringing to it the 
 
 ' blood from the digestive tract and the spleen. 
 
 Porte -caustique (port-kos-tek). A holder for 
 a stick of caustic. 
 
 Porter (por'-ter). See under Malt Liquors. 
 
 Porter's Symptom. Tracheal tugging. See 
 Oliver 's Symptom. 
 
 Portio (por'-she-o) [L.]. A part. P. dura, 
 the hard part of the seventh pair of nerves of 
 Willis — the facial nerve. P. inter duram et 
 mollem, a small funiculus between the 
 portio dura and the portio mollis of the 
 seventh cranial nerve. P. intermedia wris- 
 bergii. Synonym of P. inter duram et mol- 
 lem. P. mollis, the soft part of the seventh 
 cranial nerve — the auditory nerve. 
 
 Port- wine Mark, P. Stain." See Nevus (2). 
 
 Porus (po'-rus) [L.]. A pore. P. acusticus 
 externus, the opening of the external audi- 
 tory canal. P. acusticus internus, the 
 opening of the internal auditory canal into 
 the cranial cavity. P. opticus, the opening 
 in the center of the lamina cribrosa trans- 
 mitting the central artery of the retina. 
 
 Posadas, Protozoic Disease of. See Der- 
 matitis, Blastomycetic. 
 
 Position (po-zish'-un) [ponere, to place]. Place; 
 location; attitude; posture. P., Dorsal, 
 one in which the patient lies on the back. 
 P., Edebohls'. See P., Simon's. P., Eng- 
 lish. See P., Left Lateral Recumbent. P. of 
 the Fetus, the relation of the presenting part 
 of the ietus to the cardinal points of Capuron. 
 For the vertex, the face, and the breech there 
 are each four positions: a right anterior, a 
 right posterior, a left anterior, and a left pos- 
 terior. For each of the shoulders there is an 
 anterior and a posterior position. In order to 
 shorten and memorize these positions, the 
 initials of the chief words are made use of, as 
 follows: For vertex presentations the word 
 occiput is abbreviated O., and preceded by the 
 letter R. or L., for right or left, and followed 
 by A. or P., according as the presenting part 
 is anterior or posterior. We thus have the 
 initials L.O.A., left occipitoanterior, to indi- 
 cate that the presenting occiput is upon the 
 anterior left side. In the same way are de- 
 rived the terms L.O.P., R.O.A., R.O.P. For 
 facial presentations we have in the same way 
 L.F.A. (left frontoanterior), L.F.P., R.F.A., 
 R.F.P. For breech or sacral presentations, 
 L.S.A., L.S.P., R.S.A., R.S.P., and for shoul- 
 der (dorsal) presentations, L.D.A., L.D.P., 
 R.D.A., R.D.P. P., Fowler's, that obtained 
 by elevating the foot of the bed 24 to 30 inches. 
 P., High Pelvic. See P., Trendelenburg's. 
 P., Knee-chest, P., Genupectoral, one in 
 which the patient rests upon the knees and 
 chest, the arms being crossed above the head. 
 P., Knee-elbow, P., Genucubital, one in 
 which the patient lies upon the knees and 
 elbows, the head resting upon the hands. 
 P., Left Lateral Recumbent, P., English, 
 
783 
 
 The Semiprone or Sims' Posture (Anterior 
 View). 
 
 The Horizontal Posture. 
 
 The Trendelenburg Posture. 
 
 The Genupectoral Posture. 
 
 The Semiprone or Sims' Posture (Posterior 
 View). 
 
 The Dorsosacral Posture (Lateral View). 
 
 The Knee-elbow Fosture. 
 
 Edebohls' Posture. 
 
POSITIVE 
 
 784 
 
 POSTHUMOUS 
 
 P., Obstetric, one in which the patient lies 
 on the left side with the right thigh and knee 
 drawn up. P., Lithotomy, P., Dorsosacral, 
 
 one in which the patient lies on the back 
 with the legs flexed on the thighs and the 
 thighs flexed on the abdomen and abducted. 
 P., Simon's, one in which the patient lies 
 on the back with the legs flexed on the 
 thighs and the thighs on the abdomen, the 
 hips being elevated and the thighs strongly 
 abducted. P., Sims', P., Semiprone, one in 
 which the patient lies on the left side with the 
 right knee and thigh drawn up and the left arm 
 placed along the back; the chest is inclined 
 forward so that the patient rests upon it. 
 P., Trendelenburg's, one in which the pa- 
 tient lies on the back on a plane inclined 
 about 45 , the feet and legs hanging over the 
 end of the table. P., Walcher's, a dorsal 
 posture with the hips at the edge of the table 
 and lower extremities hanging. 
 
 Positive (poz'-it-iv) [positivus, from ponere, 
 to place]. Real; existing; actual. In mathe- 
 matics and physiology, denoting one of two 
 quantities or conditions assumed as primary 
 or fundamental; opposed to one assumed as 
 negative; denoting a quantity greater than 
 zero; to be added; additive. P. Electricity, 
 the kind of electricity developed by rubbing 
 glass with silk. P. Electrode, P. Pole, the 
 electrode or pole connected with the negative 
 plate of a battery. P. Element, P. Plate, 
 that plate of a battery which is acted upon 
 by the fluid, e. g., the zinc plate in the zinc- 
 carbon battery. 
 
 Posner's Reaction for Peptones and Albu- 
 mins. Alkalinize the urine, pour it into a 
 test-tube, and overlay it very carefully with 
 a very dilute, almost colorless solution of 
 copper sulfate. In the presence of peptone 
 a violet zone will form even in the cold; the 
 same reaction is yielded by albumin upon 
 warming. 
 
 Posology {pos-ol'-oj-e) [izbaoc, how much; 
 hdyof, science]. That branch of medical 
 science dealing with the dosage of medicines. 
 
 Post- {post-) [L.]. A prefix denoting after; 
 behind. 
 
 Postaccessual (post-ak-ses' -u-al) [post-; accessio, 
 a paroxysm]. Occurring after a paroxysm. 
 
 Postanal (post-a' -nal) [post-; anus]. Situated 
 behind the anus. 
 
 Postaxial (post-aks' -e-al) [post-; axis]. Situated 
 behind the axis: in the arm, behind the ulnar 
 aspect; in the leg, behind the fibular aspect. 
 
 Postcentral (post-sen' '-tr al) [post-; center], i. 
 Situated behind a center. 2. Situated behind 
 the fissure of Rolando, or central fissure of 
 the brain, as the postcentral convolution. 
 
 Postcibal (pdst-si'-bal) [post-; cibum, food]. 
 Occurring after meals. 
 
 Postclavicular (post-kla-vik' -u-lar) [post-; clav- 
 icle]. Situated behind the clavicle. 
 
 Postconvulsive (post-kon-vul' -siv) [post-; con- 
 vulsion]. Coming on after a convulsion. 
 
 Postcornu (post-kor'-nu). See Comu occipi- 
 tale. 
 
 Postdiastolic (post-di-as-toV-ik) [post-; diastole]. 
 Occurring after the diastole. 
 
 Postdicrotic (post-di-krot' -ik) [post-; dicrotic]. 
 Occurring after the dicrotic wave of the pulse, 
 as the postdicrotic wave in the sphygmographic 
 tracing. 
 
 Postdiphtheric (post-dif-ther'-ik) [post-; diph- 
 theric]. Occurring after an attack of diph- 
 theria, as postdiphtheric paralysis. 
 
 Postembryonic (post-em-bri-on'-ik) [post-; em- 
 bryo]. Occurring after the embryonic stage. 
 
 Postepileptic (post-ep-i-lef -tik) [post-; epilepsy]. 
 Occurring after an epileptic attack. 
 
 Posterior (pos-te'-re-or) [poster us, after; be- 
 hind]. Placed behind or to the back of a 
 part. 
 
 Postero- (pos-te-ro-) [posterior]. A prefix mean- 
 ing posterior. 
 
 Posteroexternal (pos-ter-o-eks-ter'-nal) [pos- 
 tero-; external]. Occupying the outer side of 
 a back part, as the posteroexternal column 
 of the spinal cord. 
 
 Posterointernal (pos-ter-o-in-ter' -nal) [postero-; 
 internal]. Occupying the inner side of a back 
 part, as the posterointernal column of the 
 spinal cord. 
 
 Posterolateral (pos-te-ro-laf -er-al) [postero-; 
 lateral]. Situated behind and at the side of 
 a part. 
 
 Posteromedian (pos-te-ro-me'-de-an). Located 
 in the middle of a posterior aspect. 
 
 Posteroparietal (pos - te - ro - par - i' - et - al) 
 [postero-; parietal]. Situated at or opposite 
 the posterior part of the parietal bone. 
 
 Posterosuperior (pos - te -ro - su - pe' -re - or) 
 [postero-; superior]. Situated behind and 
 above a part. 
 
 Posterotemporal (pos - te - ro - tern' - por - al) 
 [postero-; temporal]. Situated at or opposite 
 the posterior part of the temporal bone. 
 
 Postfebrile (post-Jeb'-ril) [post-; febris, a. fever]. 
 Occurring after a fever. 
 
 Postgeminum (post-jem'-in-um) [post-; gemi- 
 nus, twin]. The posterior pair of bodies of 
 the corpora quadrigemina. 
 
 Postgeniculatum, Postgeniculum (post-jen- 
 ik-u-la' -turn, -jen-ik' -u-lum) [post-; genicu- 
 lum]. The internal geniculate body. 
 
 Postglenoid (post-gle'-noid) [post-; glenoid]. 
 Situated behind the glenoid fossa, as the 
 postglenoid tubercle, also called simply post- 
 glenoid. 
 
 Posthemiplegic (post-hem-i-ple' -jik) [post-; 
 hemiplegia]. Occurring after or following an 
 attack of hemiplegia. P. Chorea, choreiform 
 movements in paralyzed limbs. 
 
 Posthetomy (pos-ihet' -o-me) [noadt], prepuce; 
 to/j.7), a cutting]. Circumcision. 
 
 Posthitis (pos-thi' -tis) [nbodf], prepuce; exec, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the prepuce. 
 
 Postholith (pos' -iho-lith) [nbodrj, prepuce; Mdoc, 
 a stone]. A preputial calculus. 
 
 Posthumous (pos' -tu-mus) [post-; humus, the 
 ground]. Occurring after death. P. Child, 
 one born after the death of the father, or 
 taken by cesarean operation from the body 
 of its mother after her death. 
 
POSTHYOID 
 
 785 
 
 POTASSIUM 
 
 unvoc, 
 acting 
 off, as 
 
 Posthyoid (post-hi'-oid). Posterior to the 
 
 hyoicTbone. 
 
 Posthypnotic (post-hip-not'-ik) [post-, 
 sleep]. Succeeding the hypnotic state 
 after the hypnotic state has passed 
 posthypnotic suggestion. 
 
 Posticus (pos-ti'-kus) [L.]. Posterior. 
 
 Postischial (post-is' -ke-al). Dorsad of the 
 ischium. 
 
 Postmortem (post -mor' -tern) [post-; mors, 
 death], i. Occurring after death. 2. An ex- 
 amination of the body after death; an autopsy. 
 
 Postnasal (post-naz'-al) [post-; nasus, nose]. 
 Situated behind the nose. P. Catarrh, ca- 
 tarrhal inflammation of the nasopharynx. 
 
 Postocular (pdst-ok'-u-lar) [post-; oculus, the 
 eye]. Behind or beneath the eye. 
 
 Postotic (post-o'-tik) [post-; ouc, ear]. Behind 
 the auditory vesicle. 
 
 Postparalytic (post-par-ah-lit '-ik) [post-; paral- 
 ysis]. Following an attack of paralysis. 
 
 Postpartum (post-par' -turn) [post-; partus, 
 birth]. Following childbirth, as postpartum 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 Postpharyngeal (post-far-in'-je-al) [post-; phar- 
 ynx]. Situated behind the pharynx. 
 
 Postpneumonic (pdst-nu-mon'-ik). Following 
 pneumonia. 
 
 Postpone (post-pon') [post-; ponere, to place]. 
 Of a paroxysm, to occur after the regular time. 
 
 Postponent (post-po'-nent) [see Postpone]. De- 
 layed in recurrence. 
 
 Postpyramidal (post-pi-ram'-id-al) [post-; pyra- 
 mid]. Situated behind the pyramidal tract. 
 P. Nucleus, the nucleus funiculi gracilis. 
 
 Postscarlatinal (post-skar-lat-e'-nal). Occur- 
 ring after scarlatina. 
 
 Posttarsal (post-tar' -sal) . Located behind the 
 tarsus. 
 
 Posttyphoid (post-ti'-foid). Following typhoid. 
 
 Postulate (pos'-tu-ldt) [postulare, to demand]. 
 A self-evident proposition. 
 
 Postural (pos'-tur-al) [ponere, to place]. Per- 
 taining to posture or position; performed by 
 means of a special posture, as postural treat- 
 ment. 
 
 Posture (pos'-tiir). See Position. 
 
 Postuterine (post-u'-ter-in) [post-; uterus]. Situ- 
 ated behind the uterus. 
 
 Potable (po'-ta-bl) [potare, to drink]. Drink- 
 able ; fit to drink. 
 
 Potain's Syndrome. Dyspepsia and dilation 
 of the right ventricle, with accentuation of 
 the pulmonary sound, observed during the 
 digestive process in cases of gastrectasis. 
 
 Potamophobia (pot-am-of-o'-be-ah) [noxaiibc, 
 river; (f>6{3oc, fear]. The morbid fear of sheets 
 of water. 
 
 Potash (pot' -ash) [Irish, pota, a pot; ash]. 1. 
 Potassium hydroxid; caustic potash. 2. 
 Potassium carbonate. 
 
 Potassa (po-tas'-ah). Potash. See Potassium 
 Hydroxid. 
 
 Potassiocupric (po-tas-e-o-ku'-prik). Contain- 
 ing potassium and copper. 
 
 Potassium (po-tas' -e-um) [potassa, potash]. A 
 silver-white, soft, very ductile metal, belonging 
 51 
 
 to the alkali group, and having a sp. gr. of 
 0.865; quantivalence I; atomic weight 39; 
 symbol K (from the Latin kalium). It forms 
 compounds with nearly all nonmetals. P. 
 Acetate (potassii acetas, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 KC2H3O2, used in rheumatism, as a diuretic 
 in dropsy, and in cutaneous diseases. Dose 
 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). P. Arsenate, 
 K 2 HAs0 4 , extremely poisonous crystals, solu- 
 ble in water; used as an antiperiodic and 
 alterative. Dose ^otV 8 r - (0.003-0.006 Gm.). 
 P. Arsenite, Solution of (liquor potassii ar- 
 senitis, U. S. P.), Fowler's solution. Dose 3 min. 
 (0.2 Cc). P. Bicarbonate (potassii bicarbonas, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), KHC0 3 , used as an antacid. It 
 is also highly recommended in influenza and to 
 abort colds. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). 
 P. Binoxalate, salt of sorrel, a constituent 
 of wood-sorrel. P. Bisulfate, KHS0 4 , has 
 been used as a laxative and refrigerant. Dose 
 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). P. Bitartrate (potassii 
 bitartras, U. S. P., B. P.), cream of tartar, 
 KHC 4 H 4 O e , used as a cathartic, as a diuretic 
 in dropsy, and for making refrigerant drinks 
 in febrile affections. It is an ingredient of 
 pulvis jalapce compositus (U. S. P.). Dose r dr. 
 -\ oz. (4-16 Cc.).P.Bromid. SeeBromidic?n, 
 Potassii, under Bromin. P. Camphorate, 
 K 2 C 10 H 14 O 4 , white, antiseptic crystals, soluble 
 in water, used in night -sweats of tuberculosis, 
 gonorrhea, etc. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 
 P. Carbolate, C 6 H 5 OK, white, antiseptic 
 crystals, soluble in water; used in diarrhea 
 and dysentery. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 
 Gm.). P. Carbonate (potassii carbonas, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), used as an antacid in dys- 
 pepsia and as an antilithic. P. Chlorate 
 (potassii Moras, U. S. P., B. P.), KC10 3 . 
 used locally and internally in various forms 
 of stomatitis, in mercurial ptyalism, and in 
 pharyngitis. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). 
 In overdoses it is an irritant poison. From 
 it are prepared trochisci potassii chloratis 
 (U. S. P.). P. Citrate (potassii citras, U. S. 
 P., B. P.), KgCeHgOy+FLO, used as a dia- 
 phoretic in fevers, in bronchitis, and in rheu- 
 matism, the uric-acid diathesis, etc. Dose 
 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). P. Citrate, Effer- 
 vescent (potassii citras effervescens, U. S. P.), 
 is used like the preceding. Dose 1-2 dr. 
 (4-8 Cc). P. Citrate, Solution of (liquor 
 potassii citratis, U. S. P.), an aqueous liquid 
 containing 8 % of anhydrous potassium citrate 
 with small amounts of citric and carbonic 
 acids. Neutral mixture is prepared by sub- 
 stituting lemon-juice for the citric acid. Dose 
 |-i oz. (16-30 Cc). P. Cobaltinitrate, 
 has been employed in asthma, nephritis, and 
 valvular heart disease. Dose J-J gr. (0.016- 
 0.032 Gm.). P. Cyanid (potassii cyanidum, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), KCN, is similar in properties 
 to hydrocyanic acid. It is also used locally 
 in neuralgia. Dose f- gr. (0.008 Gm.). P. 
 Dichromate, P. Bichromate (potassii 
 dichromas, U. S. P., B. P.), K 2 Cr 2 7 , used 
 as a caustic, and for the preparation of battery- 
 fluids and of preserving-fluids for tissues; it 
 
POTASSIUM 
 
 786 
 
 POTT'S ANEURYSM 
 
 was formerly employed as an alterative. 
 P. Diiodoresorcin-monosulfate. See Pic- 
 rol. P. Dithiocarbonate, K 2 COS 2 , an 
 orange-red, crystalline powder, used externally 
 in skin diseases: eczema, 5 to 10% ointment; 
 psoriasis, 20% ointment. P. Ferricyanid, 
 K e Fe 2 (CN) 12 , is used in the arts and as a 
 reagent. P. Ferrocyanid (potassii ferro- 
 cyanidum, U. S. P., B. P.), K 4 Fe(CN) 6 + 
 3H 2 0, yellow prussiate of potash, has been 
 used in the night-sweats of tuberculosis. Dose 
 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). It is extensively 
 employed in the arts, as a reagent, and in 
 pharmacy to prepare diluted hydrocyanic acid. 
 P. Fluoresceinate, KaC^HjoOg, the potas- 
 sium salt of fluorescein; a yellowish-red pow- 
 der, soluble in water. It is used to detect cor- 
 neal ulcerations. P.-guaiacol Sulfonate, a 
 fine white powder, soluble in water, containing 
 60% of guaiacol. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 
 Gm.). P. Hydroxid (potassii hydroxidum, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), KOH, caustic potash. This 
 is a white solid, usually occurring in the form 
 of pencils, and having powerful escharotic 
 properties. P. Hypochlorite, KOC1, a 
 substance which in solution forms Javelle 
 water. P. Hypophosphite (potassii hypo- 
 phosphis, U. S. P.), KH 2 P0 2 . Dose 
 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). See Hypophos- 
 phite. P. Iodate, is used in stomatitis and 
 pharyngitis as a substitute for potassium 
 chlorate. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.). 
 P. Iodid (potassii iodidum, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 KI, is used as an alterative in syphilis; in 
 chronic poisoning by lead or mercury; as 
 an absorbent of inflammatory exudates; in 
 chronic rheumatism, etc. Dose 2-10 gr. 
 (0.13-0.65 Gm.); in syphilis several drams 
 may be administered daily. From it are pre- 
 pared unguentum iodi and unguentum potassii 
 iodidi (U. S. P.). P. Nitrate (potassii nitras, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), KNO3, saltpeter, is used 
 as a refrigerant diuretic and diaphoretic; in 
 asthma the inhalation of fumes produced by 
 burning niter-paper (paper dipped in a solu- 
 tion of the nitrate and dried) is useful. Dose 
 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.). From it is pre- 
 pared argenti nitras mitigatus (U. S. P.). 
 P. Nitrite, KN0 2 , white, amorphous sticks, 
 soluble in water; used in asthma, epilepsy, 
 etc. Dose \-2 gr. (0.016-0. 13 Gm.) several 
 times daily. P. Nitroprussiate, K 2 F 2 . NO .- 
 (CN) 5 + 2H 2 0, garnet -red crystals, soluble 
 in water or alcohol, used as a test for albu- 
 min in urine. P. Perchlorate, KC10 4 , white 
 crystals, slightly soluble in water; antipyretic, 
 antiperiodic, sedative, and diuretic. Dose 
 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). Syn., Hy perchlorate 
 of potassium. P. Permanganate (potassii 
 permanganas, U. S. P., B. P.), KMn0 4 , is 
 a salt of permanganic acid, which is derived 
 from the manganese heptoxid, Mn 2 7 . It is 
 used as an antiseptic and deodorant, in 
 amenorrhea, and as an antidote to opium- 
 poisoning and poisoning by snake-bites. 
 Dose as an emmenagog 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 
 Gm.). It is also employed as a reagent. 
 
 Condy's fluid is an aqueous solution of potas- 
 sium permanganate 2 parts in 100. P. 'Phos- 
 phate, K 2 HP0 4 , has been used as an altera- 
 tive in scrofula and pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). P. Salicy- 
 late, KC 7 H 5 Q 3 , a white powder, soluble in 
 water or alcohol; antipyretic, analgesic, anti- 
 rheumatic. Dose 6-15 gr. (0.4-1.0 Gm.). 
 P. Silicate, K 2 Si0 3 (approximately), soluble 
 glass, is used as is plaster-of-paris for making 
 fixed dressings for fractures. P. and Sodium 
 Tartrate (potassii et sodii tartras, U. S. P., 
 B. P.), KNaC 4 H 4 O e + 4H 2 0, rochelle salt, is 
 used as a saline cathartic; it is an ingredient 
 of seidlitz powder. Dose 3-1 oz. {16-32 Cc). 
 P. Sozoiodolate, KHC 6 H 2 I 2 OS0 3 , a white 
 crystalline powder containing 58.8% of iodin, 
 20% of phenol, and 7% of sulfur; soluble in 
 hot water, melts at 120 C. It is bactericidal 
 and is used externally in 3 % ointment. P. 
 Sulfate (potassii sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 K 2 S0 4 , is used as a laxative and purgative. 
 Dose ^-4 dr. (2-16 Gm.). P. Sulfite, K 2 S0 3 - 
 + 2H 2 0, is antiseptic and laxative and used 
 in acid fermentation of the stomach. Dose 
 15-60 gr. (1-4 Gm.). P. Sulfobenzoate, 
 KC 7 H 5 S0 5 + 5H 2 0, soluble in water or alco- 
 hol; used as a wash, 4 to 5 % solution, in 
 skin diseases. P. Sulfocarbolate, KC 6 H 5 - 
 S0 4 + Ff 2 0, white crystals, soluble in water 
 or alcohol. It is antiparasitic, germicidal, 
 and antiseptic. P. Sulfocarbonate, K 2 CS 3 , 
 yellow crystals, soluble in water, used in baths 
 in skin diseases. P. Sulfocyanate, KCNS, 
 colorless needles, soluble in water or alcohol; 
 it is a constituent of saliva; sedative, anti- 
 spasmodic, and anodyne. Dose f-3 gr. 
 (0.05-0.2 Gm.); maximum dose 4§ gr. (0.3 
 Gm.) single; 24 gr. (1.5 Gm.) daily. P. 
 Sulfophenate. See P. Sulfocarbolate. P. 
 Tartrate (potassii tartras, B. P.), K 2 C 4 H 4 O e . - 
 Ff 2 0, is used as a mild purgative in febrile 
 affections. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. (4-32 Cc). P. 
 Valerate, KC 5 H 9 2 , used as a stimulant in 
 low fevers, hysteria, etc. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13- 
 0.32 Gm.) several times daily. 
 
 Potato Culture. A culture of microorganisms 
 on potato. P. Treatment (of diabetes), a 
 daily diet of 1-2^ pounds of potatoes and the 
 exclusion of bread. 
 
 Potency (po f -ten-se) [see Potential]. Power; 
 efficacy. 
 
 Potential (po-ten' -shaT) [potens, able]. 1. Cap- 
 able of acting or doing work, as potential 
 energy. 2. In electricity, a state of tension 
 or of potential energy capable of doing work. 
 If two bodies of different potential are brought 
 together, a current is established between 
 them that is capable of doing work. 
 
 Potio (po'-she-6) [L.]. A potion. 
 
 Potion (po-'shun) [potio]. A drink or draught. 
 
 Potocytosis (po-to-si-to' -sis) [potio; kutoc, 
 cell]. The ability of cells to drink solutions. 
 
 Potomania (po-to-ma' -ne-aK) [potio; iiav'ia, 
 madness]. Delirium tremens. 
 
 Pott's Aneurysm [Percival Pott, an English 
 surgeon]. Aneurysmal varix. P.'s Curva* 
 
POUCH 
 
 787 
 
 PRECIPITATE 
 
 ture, P.'s Gibbus, the deformity of Pott's 
 disease. P.'s Disease, caries of the vertebras, 
 generally of tuberculous origin. The symp- 
 toms are stiffness of the spinal column, pain 
 on motion, tenderness on pressure, undue 
 prominence of one or more of the spines; in 
 certain cases spasmodic pain in the abdomen; 
 formation of abscess; occasionally, in late 
 stages, paralysis. P.'s Fracture. See Frac- 
 ture, Pott's. P.'s Gangrene, senile gangrene. 
 P.'s Paraplegia, paraplegia caused by spinal 
 caries. P.'s Puffy Tumor, circumscribed 
 superficial swelling of the scalp connected 
 with osteomyelitis of the skull. 
 
 Pouch [Fr., poche, a pocket]. A sac or pocket. 
 P., Broca's. See Broca's Pouch. P., Pres- 
 sure, a bulge in the wall of the esophagus due 
 to weakness. P. of Douglas, P., Recto- 
 uterine. See Culdesac, Douglas'. P., Lar- 
 yngeal, a blind pouch of mucosa opening into 
 the ventral part of the ventricle of the larynx. 
 
 Poultice (pol'-tis) [puis, porridge]. A soft, 
 semiliquid mass made of some cohesive sub- 
 stance mixed with water, and used for appli- 
 cation to the skin, for the purpose of supply- 
 ing heat and moisture or acting as a local 
 stimulant. Syn., Cataplasma. 
 
 Pound [AS., pund]. A unit of measure of 
 weight. The troy pound contains 12 oz., 
 or 5760 grains; the avoirdupois pound con- 
 tains 16 oz., or 7000 grains. Symbol lb. 
 See Weights and Measures. P., Foot-, 
 
 the force necessary to raise one pound through 
 the height of one foot. 
 
 Poupart's Ligament. See Ligament, Poupart's. 
 
 Powder [Fr., poudre, from pulvis, powder]. 
 1. A collection of fine particles. 2. In phar- 
 macy, a collection of fine particles of one or 
 more substances capable of passing through 
 a sieve having meshes of a certain fineness; 
 also a single dose of such a substance. P., 
 Aromatic. See Pulvis aromaticus. P., 
 Dover's (pulvis ipecacuanhce et opii, U. S. P.). 
 See Opium, Powder of I pecac and. P., Dupuy- 
 tren's, a caustic powder consisting of arsenic 
 trioxid, 1 part; calomel, 200 parts. P., Greg- 
 ory's, compound powder of rhubarb, consist- 
 ing of rhubarb, 2 oz. ; light magnesia, 6 oz. ; gin- 
 ger, 1 oz. P., James'. See Antimony, Powder 
 of. P., Lucas-Champ ionniere's Antiseptic, 
 consists of equal parts of magnesium carbonate, 
 iodoform, powdered benzoin, and powdered 
 gray cinchona. P., Portland, a gout remedy 
 consisting of equal parts of the tops and leaves 
 of Teucrium chamcedrys, and Erythrcea cen- 
 taurium, the leaves of Ajuga chamcepitys, and 
 the roots of Gentiana lutea. and Aristolochia 
 rotunda. Dose 1 dr. (3.8 Gm.) daily before 
 breakfast for 6 months; 2 scruples (1.2 Gm.) 
 for 3 months; \ dr. (1.9 Gm.) for 6 months, 
 and finally \ dr. (1.9 Gm.) every other day 
 for a year. P., Seidlitz-. See Pulvis effer- 
 vescens compositus. P., Tully's, a powder 
 composed of camphor, prepared chalk, licor- 
 ice, and morphin sulfate, 1 part. It is used 
 as a substitute for Dover's powder. 
 
 Pox [pocks, pi. of pock, a vesicle or pustule]. 1. 
 
 A term applied to any disease possessing a vesi- 
 cular or pustular eruption. 2. Vulgarly, syph- 
 ilis. P., Chicken-. See Varicella. P., Cow-. 
 See Cowpox. P., Small-. See Variola. 
 
 Practice (prak'-tis) [practicare, to practice]. 
 The practice of medicine; the application of 
 the principles of medicine to the diagnosis 
 and treatment of disease. 
 
 Practician (prak-tish' -an) . See Practitioner. 
 
 Practise (prak'-tis) [see Practice]. To perform 
 the duties of a physician. 
 
 Practitioner (prak-tish' -on-er) [see Practice]. 
 One who practises medicine. 
 
 Prse- (pre-) [L.]. See Pre-. 
 
 Praeputium (pre-pu'-she-um). See Prepuce. 
 
 Praevia (pre'-ve-ah) [fern, of pravius, from pros, 
 before; via, a way]. Coming before; standing 
 before. P., Placenta. See Placenta prcevia. 
 
 Prairie -itch. A name applied to various forms 
 of skin diseases associated with pruritus, 
 occurring in men engaged in work on prairies, 
 among lumbermen, and others, and either 
 due to scabies or pruritus hiemalis. 
 
 Prasoid (pra'-soid). 1. A solution of globularin 
 and globularetin ; used in acute gout and 
 rheumatism. Dose 15-20 drops 3 times 
 daily. 2. [izpaoov, the leek; slooc, likeness.] 
 The color of a leek; leek -green. 
 
 Pravaz's Syringe. A hypodermatic syringe 
 with a long trocar and cannula. 
 
 Praxinoscope (praks-in' -o-skop) [Ttpa&e, a 
 doing; OKonelv, to examine]. A modification 
 of the zoetrope adapted to the purposes of 
 laryngologic instruction. 
 
 Pre- [prce-]. A prefix signifying before. 
 
 Prealbuminuric (pre-al-bu-min-u'-rik). Oc- 
 curring before the appearance of-albuminuria. 
 
 Preataxic (pre-at-aks'-ik) [pre-; ataxia]. Oc- 
 curring before ataxia. 
 
 Preaxial (pre-aks'-e-al) [pre-; axis]. Situated 
 in front of the axis; in a limb, situated on 
 the internal or anterior aspect — in the arm, 
 on the radial, in the leg, on the tibial, side. 
 
 Prebacillary (pre-bas' -il-a-re) [pre-; bacillus]. 
 Occurring before the invasion of the system 
 by bacilli. 
 
 Precancerous (pre-kan' -ser-us) [pre-; cancer]. 
 Occurring before the development of a car- 
 cinoma. 
 
 Precardiac (pre-kar' -de-ak) [pre-; icapdca, heart]. 
 Anterior to the heart. 
 
 Precentral (pre-sen'-tral) [pre-; centrum, cen- 
 ter]. Situated in front of the central fissure 
 of the brain. P. Convolution, a convolution 
 in front of the central fissure of the brain; 
 the ascending frontal convolution. 
 
 -Precipitant (pre - sip' - it - ant). See under 
 Precipitation. 
 
 Precipitate (pre-sip' -it-at) [precipitare, from 
 prce, before; caput, head]. 1. The solid sub- 
 stance thrown down from a solution of a sub- 
 stance on the addition of a reagent which de- 
 prives it of its solubility. 2. To throw down 
 in an insoluble form. 3. Headlong; hasty. 
 P. Labor. See Labor. Precipitate. P., Red, 
 hydrargyrum oxidum rubrum. See Mercury 
 Oxid, Red. P., White, N 2 (Hg 2 ) 3 Cl 2 , hydrar- 
 
PRECIPITATION 
 
 788 
 
 PREHEMIPLEGIC 
 
 gyrum ammoniatum. See Mercury, Ammo- 
 niated. 
 
 Precipitation (pre-sip-it-a' -shun) [precipitate]. 
 The process of throwing down solids from 
 the liquids which hold them in solution. Pre- 
 cipitates are crystalline, amorphous, curdy, 
 flocculent, granular, or gelatinous, according 
 to the form assumed. The agent causing 
 precipitation is the precipitant, the solid 
 thrown down, the precipitate. 
 
 Precipitin (pre-sip'-it-in). Any of the specific 
 precipitating bodies, which, according to the 
 Ehrlich lateral-chain theory, are uniceptors, 
 composed of a haptophore group and a coagu- 
 lative complex. 
 
 Preclavicular (pre-kla-vik' -u-lar) . Ventrad of 
 the clavicle. 
 
 Preconvulsant (pre-kon-vul'-sant). Relating to 
 the stage of a disease preceding convulsions. 
 
 Precordia (pre-kor' -de-ah) [pre-; cor, the heart]. 
 i. A name applied by the ancients to the 
 diaphragm, the thoracic viscera, or the epigas- 
 tric region. 2. The area of the chest over- 
 lying the heart. 
 
 Precordial (pre-kor' -de-al) [precordia]. Per- 
 taining to the precordia. 
 
 Precordium (pre-kor' -de-um). Synonym of 
 Precordia. 
 
 Precornu (pre-kor' -nu) [pre-; cornu, a. horn]. 
 Anterior horn of lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 
 Precuneus (pre-ku'-ne-us) [pre-; cuneus, a 
 wedge]. The quadrate lobule of the parietal 
 lobe situated in front of the cuneus of the 
 occipital lobe. 
 
 Prediastolic (pre-di-as-toV -ik) [pre-; diastole]. 
 Occurring before the diastole. 
 
 Predicrotic (pre-di-krot'-ik). Preceding the 
 dicrotic wave or elevation of the sphygmo- 
 graphic tracing. 
 
 Predigest (pre-di-jest'). To digest by artificial 
 means before introducing into the body. 
 
 Predisposing (pre-dis-po' -zing) [see Predisposi- 
 tion]. Rendering susceptible or liable to attack. 
 
 Predisposition (pre-dis-po-zish'-un) [pre-; dis- 
 ponere, to dispose]. The state of having a 
 susceptibility t6 disease. 
 
 Preepiglottic (pre-ep-i-glot'-ik). Ventrad of 
 the epiglottis. 
 
 Preemptive (pre-e-rup'-tiv). Preceding eruption. 
 
 Prefrontal (pre-fron'-tal) [pre-; frons, forehead]. 
 1. Situated in the anterior part of the frontal 
 lobe of the brain. 2. The middle part of 
 the ethmoid. 
 
 Pregeminum (pre-jem'-in-um) [pre-; geminus, 
 twin]. The anterior pair of the corpora quad- 
 rigemina, considered as forming a single organ. 
 
 Pregeniculatum, Pregeniculum (pre-jen-ik- 
 u-la'-tum, pre-jen-ik' -u-lum) [pre-; geniculatum, 
 geniculate]. The external geniculate body. 
 
 Preglobulin (pre-glob' -u-lin) [pre-; globulin]. 
 An albuminous body found in cell-protoplasm, 
 insoluble in water, soluble in a 10% sodium 
 chlorid solution and in dilute alkaline solution. 
 
 Pregnancy (preg'-nan-se) [prcegnans, from 
 prcB, before; gignere, to beget]. The state of 
 being pregnant, or with child; the state of 
 the woman from conception to the expulsion 
 
 of the ovum. The normal duration of preg- 
 nancy is 280 days, or 10 lunar months, or 9 
 calendar months. P., Abdominal, one in 
 which the fetus lies in the abdominal cavity. 
 P., Extrauterine, ectopic gestation; the de- 
 velopment of the ovum outside of the cavity 
 of the uterus. P., False, any condition in 
 the abdomen that simulates pregnancy. P., 
 
 Interstitial Pregnancy.— {Byford after Poppel.) 
 
 a. Uterine cavity. b, b. Round ligament, c. Gestation 
 
 sac. d, d, d. Chorion. 
 
 Interstitial, pregnancy occurring in the part 
 of the tube that traverses the uterine wall. 
 P., Intramural, interstitial pregnancy. P., 
 Mesenteric, tuboligamentary pregnancy. P., 
 Molar, pregnancy in which the ovum is con- 
 verted into a mole. P., Multiple, that form 
 in which the uterus contains two or more 
 developing ova. P., Mural, a variety of 
 extrauterine pregnancy in which the ovum 
 develops in the wall of the uterus. P., 
 Ovarian, pregnancy occurring in the ovary. 
 P., Parietal, interstitial pregnancy. P., Sar- 
 cofetal, that in which both a fetus and a 
 mole are present. P., Sarcohysteric, false 
 pregnancy due to a mole. P., Signs of, 
 those clinical manifestations by which the 
 existence of pregnancy may be demonstrated. 
 There are three socalled absolute signs: bal- 
 lottement, fetal movements, and the fetal 
 heart -sounds. P., Tubal, pregnancy which 
 takes place within the fallopian tube. 
 P., Tuboligamentary, that in which there 
 is secondary invasion of the broad lig- 
 ament and subperitoneal tissues. P., Utero- 
 abdominal, that in which there is one fetus 
 in the uterus and another in the abdominal 
 cavity. P., Uteroovarian, that in which there 
 is one fetus in the uterus and another in the 
 ovary. P., Uterotubal, that in which one fetus 
 is in the uterus and another in the oviduct. 
 
 Pregnant (preg'-nant) [see Pregnancy]. With 
 child ; gravid. 
 
 Prehemiplegic (pre-hem-i-ple'-jik) [pre-; hemir 
 
PREGNANCY 
 
 789 
 
 PRESBYCUSIS 
 
 
 
 
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 plegia]. Occurring before an attack 
 of hemiplegia, as prehemiplegic chorea. 
 
 Prehensile (pre-hen'-sil) [see Frehen- 
 sion]. Adapted for grasping. 
 
 Prehension (pre-hen' 'shun) [prehendere, 
 to lay hold of]. The act of grasping 
 or seizing. 
 
 Prelimbic {pre-lim'-bik) [pre-; limbus, 
 a border; a band]. Lying in front of 
 a border or band. 
 
 Prelum (pre'-lum) [L.]. A press. P. 
 abdominale, the squeezing of the 
 abdominal viscera between the dia- 
 phragm and the rigid abdominal wall, 
 as in the processes of defecation, 
 micturition, and parturition. 
 
 Premalignant (pre-mal-ig' -nant) . Oc- 
 curring before the development of 
 malignancy. 
 
 Premature {pre' -ma-tur) [pre-; matu- 
 rare, to ripen]. Occurring before the 
 proper time, as premature labor. 
 
 Premaxilla (pre-maks-W -ah) . The inter- 
 maxillary bone. 
 
 Premenstrual {pre -men' -stru-aJ). Pre- 
 ceding menstruation. 
 
 Premolar {pre-mo'-lar) [pre-; molar], i. 
 Situated in front of the molar teeth. 
 2. One of the two anterior permanent 
 molars. 
 
 Premonitory {pre-mon' -it-o-re) [pre-; 
 monere, to warn]. Forewarning; fore- 
 boding, as premonitory symptoms, those 
 which forebode the onset of an attack 
 of a disease. 
 
 Prenatal {pre-na'-tal) [pre-; natus, born]. 
 Existing or occurring before birth. 
 
 Preoblongata {pre-ob-lon-gah'-tah). The 
 cephalic portion of the oblongata; 
 situated mainly between the pons and 
 the fourth ventricle. 
 
 Preoccupation {pre-ok-u-pa' -shun) . The 
 condition of being so engrossed in one's 
 own thoughts as not to answer or hear 
 when accosted. 
 
 Preovarian {pre-o-va'-re-an). Situated 
 in front of the ovary. 
 
 Preparation {prep -ar- a' -shun) [prce- 
 parare, to make ready], i. The act of 
 making ready. 2. Anything made ready, 
 especially, in anatomy, any part of 
 the body prepared or preserved for 
 illustrative or other uses. 
 
 Prepatellar {pre-pat-eV -ar) [pre-; patella]. 
 Situated in front of the patella, as 
 prepatellar bursa. 
 
 Preperitoneal. See Preperitoneal. 
 
 Prepuberal {pre-pu'-ber-al). Prior to 
 puberty. 
 
 Prepuce {pre' -pus) [prceputium, prepuce]. 
 The foreskin of the penis, a fold of 
 skin lined by mucous membrane and 
 covering the glans penis. 
 
 Preputial {pre - pu' - she - al) [prepuce]. 
 Pertaining to the prepuce. 
 
 Presbycusis, Presbykousis {prez-be- 
 koo'-sis) [Tzpiafiuc, old; anouEtv, to hear]. 
 
PRESBYOPE 
 
 790 
 
 PRIMITIVE 
 
 The lessening of the acuteness of hearing that 
 occurs in old age. 
 
 Presbyope (prez'-be-op) [see Presbyopia]. One 
 who is presbyopic. 
 
 Presbyopia (prez-be-o' -pe-ah) [npkofiuc, old; 
 uxp, eye]. The condition of vision in the 
 aged, due to diminished power of accom- 
 modation from impaired elasticity of the crys- 
 talline lens, whereby the. near-point of distinct 
 vision is removed farther from the eye. 
 
 Presbyopic (prez-be-op'-ik). Affected with pres- 
 byopia. 
 
 Presbytic {prez-bit' -ik) . Suffering from pres- 
 byopia. 
 
 Presbytism {prez' -bit-izm) . Presbyopia. 
 
 Prescription {pre-skrip' -shun) [pre-; scribere, 
 to write]. A formula written by the physician 
 to the apothecary, designating the substances 
 to be administered. A prescription consists 
 of the heading, usually the symbol 1^ (stand- 
 ing for the Latin word recipe, imperative of 
 recipere, to take), the names and quantities 
 of the ingredients, the directions to the apothe- 
 cary, the directions to the patient, the date 
 and the signature. 
 
 Presenile {pre-se' -nil) [pre-; senilis, age]. 
 Prematurely old. 
 
 Presenility (pre-sen-iV -it-e) . Premature old 
 age. See Progeria. 
 
 Present {pre-zent') [prcesentare, to place be- 
 fore]. Of a part of the fetus, to appear first 
 at the os uteri. 
 
 Presentation {pre-zen-ta' -shun) [see Present]. 
 In obstetrics, that part of the fetal body which 
 presents itself to the examining finger at the 
 os uteri. 
 
 Presphenoid (pre-sfe'-noid). The anterior part 
 of the body of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Pressor (pres'-or) [premere, to press], i. Stim- 
 ulating. 2. A substance found in the infun- 
 dibular part of the hypophysis; it produces a 
 rise in blood-pressure. Cf. Depressor. P. 
 Nerve. See under Nerve. 
 
 Pressure (presh r -ur) [premere, to press]. Force, 
 weight, or tension. P., Bipolar, pressure 
 on the two ends of a bone. It is used in dif- 
 ferentiating fractures from contusions, pro- 
 ducing pain in the case of the former. 
 P. -sense, the sense by which knowledge is 
 obtained of the amount of weight or pressure 
 which is exerted upon a part of the body. 
 
 Presternum (pre-sler'-num). The manubrium 
 or superior segment of the sternum. 
 
 Preston's Salt. Ammonium carbonate. 
 
 Presylvian Fissure. See Fissure, Pre sylvian. 
 
 Presystolic (pre-sis-toV-ik) [pre-; systole]. Pre- 
 ceding the systole of the heart, as the presys- 
 tolic murmur, presystolic thrill. 
 
 Pretibial (pre-tib'-e-al) [pre-; tibia]. Situated 
 in front of the tibia. 
 
 Pretuberculous (pre-tu-ber' '-ku-lus) [pre-; tu- 
 berculosis]. Preceding the development of 
 tuberculosis. - 
 
 Preventive {pre-ven 1 '-tiv) [prcevenire, to antici- 
 pate; to prevent]. Warding off. P. Medicine, 
 the department of medicine dealing with the 
 means and methods of preventing disease. 
 
 Prevertebral (pre-ver' '-te-bral) [pre-; vertebra]. 
 Situated in front of the vertebras. 
 
 Prevertiginous (pre-ver-tij' -in-us) [pre-; ver- 
 tigo], Dizzy, with a tendency to fall prone. 
 
 Pre vost 's Symptom . Conjugate deviation of the 
 eyes and head, which look away from the pal- 
 sied extremities and toward the affected hem- 
 isphere; it is noted in cerebral hemorrhage. 
 
 Preyer's Test for Carbon Monoxid in the 
 Blood. Warm three or four drops of the sus- 
 pected blood for five minutes at 30 C. with 10 
 Cc. of water and 5 Cc. of potassium cyanid solu- 
 tion (1 : 2). The- spectrum of normal blood, 
 when so treated, loses the absorption line 
 of oxyhemoglobin and in its place shows a 
 broad absorption band, while the spectrum 
 of carbon monoxid blood remains unchanged. 
 
 Priapism (pri'-ap-izm) [7zp1antoy.bc, lewdness]. 
 Persistent erection of the penis, usually 
 unaccompanied by sexual desire. It is caused 
 by injuries to the spii al cord or to the penis, 
 and by vesical calculus. 
 
 Prickle-cell. A cell possessing delicate rod- 
 shaped processes by which it is connected 
 with neighboring cells. 
 
 Prickle-layer. The lowest stratum of the 
 epidermis. It is formed of prickle-cells. 
 
 Prickly Heat. See Miliaria. 
 
 Priestley's Mass. A green or greenish-brown 
 deposit sometimes seen, especially in young 
 individuals, on the upper and lower incisor 
 and canine teeth; it is due to a growth of 
 chromogenic fungi in Nasmyth's membrane. 
 
 Primae viae {pri'-me vi'-e) [L., ' 'the primary 
 passages"]. The alimentary canal. 
 
 Primary (pri' '-ma-re) [primus, first]. First 
 in time or in importance. P. Amputation, 
 one that is done before the development of in- 
 flammation, usually within the first 24 hours. 
 P. Bubo, a simple adenitis of an inguinal 
 lymphatic gland, resulting from mechanic 
 irritation. Syn., Bubon d'emblee. P. De- 
 mentia, a form of insanity occurring in young 
 adults, and characterized by an extreme de- 
 gree of apathy, the patient lying motionless, 
 absolutely listless, without wants, and seem- 
 ingly without perception of his surroundings. 
 P. Lesion, the original lesion which forms the 
 starting-point for secondary lesions. P. Sore, 
 the initial sclerosis or chancre of syphilis. 
 
 Primigravida {pri-me-grav' -id-ah) [primus, 
 first; gravidus, pregnant]. A woman preg- 
 nant for the first time. 
 
 Primipara {pri-mip' -ar-ah) [primus, first; pa- 
 rere, to bear]. A woman bearing or giving 
 birth to her first child. 
 
 Primiparous {pri-mip' -ar -us) [primipara]. 
 Pregnant or in labor for the first time. 
 
 Primisternal, Primisternalis {pri-me-ster'-nal, 
 pri-me-ster-na'-lis). Relating to the manu- 
 brium of the sternum. 
 
 Primitive {prim' -it-iv) [primus, first]. First- 
 formed; original. P. Groove, the enlarge- 
 ment and deepening of the primitive streak. 
 P. Streak, P. Trace, a streak appearing 
 at the end of the germinal disc, and indicat- 
 ing the first trace of the embryo. 
 
PRIMORDIAL 
 
 791 
 
 PROCESS 
 
 Primordial (pri-mor'-de-al) [primus, first; or- 
 diri, to rise]. Existing in the beginning; 
 first-formed; primitive; original; of the 
 simplest character. P. Kidney, the wolffian 
 body. P. Ovums, cells lying among the 
 germ -epithelium of the surface of the embry- 
 onic ovary. 
 
 Primula (prim' -u-lah) [primus, first]. Prim- 
 rose, a genus of the Primulacece. Many spe- 
 cies contain saponin and other bitter prin- 
 ciples and salicylates. P. obconica is a 
 well-known irritant poison, the symptoms re- 
 sembling those of saponin poisoning, and is 
 Used in the treatment of skin diseases. 
 
 Princeps {prin'-seps) [L., "a leader"]. First; 
 original. P. cervicis, a branch of the occi- 
 pital artery supplying the trapezius muscle. 
 P. pollicis, a branch of the radial artery 
 going to the palmar surface of the thumb. 
 
 Principle (prin'-si-pl) [principium, from prin- 
 ceps']. A constituent of a compound having 
 a definite composition and representing its 
 essential or characteristic properties. P., 
 Proximate. See Proximate Principle. P., 
 Ultimate, any one of the elements which a 
 compound body contains. 
 
 Prinos (pri'-nos) [L.]. Black alder, a shrub 
 of the order Aquifoliacece. The bark and the 
 berries of P. verticillatus have been employed 
 as tonics and astringents in diarrhea, and 
 locally as an application to ulcers. Dose 
 ^-i dr. (2-4 Cc); of a decoction 1-2 oz. 
 (32-64 Cc). 
 
 Prism (prizm) [Tzp'cofia, from izpc^ecv, to saw]. A 
 solid whose bases or ends are similar plane 
 figures and whose sides are parallelograms. 
 In optics, a transparent solid with triangular 
 ends and two converging sides. It breaks 
 up white light into its component colors, and 
 bends the rays of light toward the side op- 
 posite the angle (the base of the prism), and 
 is used to measure or correct imbalance of 
 the ocular muscles. P. -diopter, P.-dioptry, 
 a unit of prismatic refractive power: the 
 refractive power of a prism that deflects a 
 ray of light one centimeter on a tangent plane 
 situated at a distance of one meter. P., 
 Enamel-, one of the prismatic columns of 
 from four to six sides composing the enamel 
 of teeth, closely packed together and gener- 
 ally vertical to the surface of the underlying 
 dentin. P., Nicol's. See NicoVs Prism. 
 
 Prismatic (priz-maf -ik) [prism]. Prism- 
 shaped; produced by the action of a prism, 
 as prismatic colors. 
 
 Prismoptometer (priz-mop-tom 1 '-et-er) [prism; 
 oty, eye; jxhpov, a measure]. An instrument 
 for estimating refractive defects of the eye 
 by means of two prisms placed base to base. 
 
 Prismosphere {priz'-mo-sfer). A combination 
 of a prism and a globular lens. 
 
 Pro- [L.]. A prefix meaning for, before, in 
 front of. 
 
 Probang {pro' -bang) [probare, to test]. A 
 rod of whalebone or other flexible material 
 used for making local applications to the 
 esophagus or larynx or for removing foreign 
 
 bodies. P., Ball-, a probang having an 
 ivory bulb attached to one end. P., Bristle-, 
 P., Horsehair-, one having on the end a 
 sheath of bristles or horsehair that can be 
 made to spread like an umbrella as the in- 
 strument is drawn out. P., Sponge-, one 
 provided with a small sponge at one end. 
 
 Probe (prob) [probare, to test]. A slender, 
 flexible rod for exploring a channel. P., 
 AnePs, a delicate probe for exploring or 
 dilating the lacrimal punctums and lacrimal 
 canals. P., Blunt, one with a blunt extrem- 
 ity. P., Bowman's, one of a series of grad- 
 uated probes used for dilating the nasal duct. 
 P., Drum-, one provided with a drum or re- 
 verberator to enable the ear to detect contact 
 with foreign bodies. P., Electric, one having 
 two insulated wires, so that contact with a bul- 
 let or metal completes the circuit, and thus in- 
 dicates the presence of such a foreign body. 
 P., Eyed, a probe having a slit at one end 
 through which a tape or ligature can be 
 passed. P., Lacrimal, one used for dilating 
 the lacrimal passages. P., Meerschaum, 
 a probe, the end of which is tipped with 
 meerschaum, which becomes streaked with 
 the lead by contact with a bullet. P., 
 Nelaton's, one that is capped with unglazed 
 porcelain upon which a leaden ball makes 
 a metallic streak. P., Vertebrated, one 
 made of small links so jointed together that 
 it is very flexible. 
 
 Process (pros'-es) [processus, from procedere, 
 to go]. 1. A course of action; a group of 
 phenomena, as the inflammatory process. 
 2. A prominence or outgrowth, as the spinous 
 process of a vertebra, the axis-cylinder process 
 of a nerve. P., Alveolar. See Alveolar Process. 
 P., Anconeal, the olecranon. P., Auditory, 
 the curved plate of bone surrounding the ex- 
 ternal auditory meatus for the greater part of 
 its circumference, and serving for the attach- 
 ment of the cartilage of the external ear. P., 
 Axis-cylinder, that process of a nerve-cell 
 which becomes the axis-cylinder of a nerve. 
 P., Basilar. See Basilar Process. P., Caudate. 
 1. The caudate lobe of the liver. 2. The 
 lower end of one of the divisions of the 
 antihelix of the external ear. P., Ciliary. 
 See Ciliary Process. Processes, Clinoid, 
 projections on the body and lesser wings 
 of the sphenoid bone. There are three: 
 1. The anterior, formed by the inner ex- 
 tremity of the lesser wings. 2. The mid- 
 dle, a small eminence on each side bound- 
 ing the sella turcica anteriorly. 3. The pos- 
 terior, a tubercle on each side of the posterior 
 part of the sella turcica. P., Conoid. See 
 Conoid Tubercle. P., Coracoid. See Cora- 
 coid Process. P., Coronoid. 1. A thin, 
 flattened process projecting from the ante- 
 rior portion of the upper border of the ramus 
 of the lower jaw, and serving for the at- 
 tachment of the temporal muscle. 2. A 
 triangular projection from the upper end 
 of the ulna, forming the lower part of the 
 greater sigmoid cavity. P., Cricoid, a slight 
 
PROCESS 
 
 792 
 
 PROCESS 
 
 projection on the lower border of the thyroid 
 cartilage. P., Cubital, the lower and articu- 
 lar end of the humerus. P., Cuneiform. 
 i. The unciform process of the ethmoid. 2. 
 The basilar process of the occipital bone. 
 P., Belters', the axis-cylinder process of a 
 nerve-cell. P., Dendritic. See P., Protoplas- 
 mic (1). P., Dentate, the odontoid process. 
 P., Ensiform, the cartilaginous tip at the 
 lower end of the sternum. P., Ethmoid, 
 one of the projections from the superior 
 border of the inferior turbinate bone. P., 
 External Angular, the projection on the 
 outer extremity of the supraorbital arch of the 
 frontal bone. P., Falciform. 1. A process 
 of the fascia lata of the thigh, forming the 
 outer and upper margin of the saphenous 
 opening. Syn., Falciform process of Burns. 
 
 2. The falx cerebri. P., Foliaceous, a pro- 
 cess of the ethmoid bone projecting into 
 the frontal cells. P., Folian. See Folian 
 Process. P., Hamular. 1. A hook-like 
 process of bone on the lower extremity of 
 the internal pterygoid plate, around which 
 the tendon of the tensor palati turns. 2. Of 
 the lacrimal bone, the hook-like termination 
 of the lacrimal crest. P., Inferior Vermi- 
 form, the central projection on the lower sur- 
 face of the cerebellum, between the two 
 hemispheres. P., Internal Angular, the 
 inner extremity of the supraorbital arch of 
 the frontal bone. P., Jugal. 1. The zy- 
 goma. 2. The external angular process. 
 
 3. The malar process of the superior max- 
 illa. P., Jugular. See Jugular Process. 
 P., Lacrimal, a short process of the inferior 
 turbinate bone that articulates with the lac- 
 rimal bone. P., Lenticular, the extremity 
 of the long process of the incus, covered with 
 cartilage and articulating with the stapes. 
 P., Long (of the Incus), a slender process 
 that descends vertically from the body of 
 the incus and articulates, by the lenticular 
 process, with the head of the stapes. P., 
 Long (of the Malleus), a long, delicate 
 process that passes from the neck of the 
 malleus outward to the glaserian fissure, to 
 which it is connected by cartilaginous and 
 ligamentous fibers. P., Malar, a triangular 
 eminence of the superior maxilla by which it 
 articulates with the malar bone. P., Mam- 
 millary, one of the tubercles on the posterior 
 part of the superior articular processes of the 
 lumbar vertebras. P., Mastoid. See Mas- 
 toid Process. P., Maxillary, a thin plate of 
 bone descending from the ethmoid process of 
 the inferior turbinate bone, and hooking over 
 the lower edge of the orifice of the antrum. 
 P., Nasal (of the Superior Maxilla), a thick, 
 triangular process of bone that projects 
 upward, inward, and backward by the side 
 of the nose, forming a part of its lateral wall. 
 P., Odontoid, the tooth-like process of the 
 axis which ascends and articulates with the 
 atlas. P., Olecranon, the olecranon. P., 
 Olivary, a small oval eminence situated 
 behind the optic groove of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 P., Orbicular (of the Incus). See P., Len-. 
 ticular. P., Orbital (of the Palate Bone), a 
 
 process directed upward and outward from 
 the upper portion of the palate bone. P., Or- 
 bital (of the Superior Maxilla), a process 
 projecting from the orbital margin of the supe- 
 rior maxilla. P., Palatal, a thick process pro- 
 jecting horizontally inward from the inner 
 surface of the superior maxillary bone, and 
 forming part of the floor of the nostril and 
 the roof of the mouth. P., Pineal, the epi- 
 physis. P., Postglenoid, a small tubercle 
 separating the glenoid fossa from the auditory 
 process. P., Protoplasmic. 1. Any one 
 of the processes of nerve-cells that are not 
 continued as axis -cylinders. 2. A pseudopod 
 of an ameboid cell. P., Pterygoid (of the 
 Palate Bone), a pyramidal process pro- 
 jecting from the posterior border of the palate 
 bone and articulating with the sphenoid bone. 
 P., Pterygoid (of the Sphenoid Bone), one 
 descending perpendicularly from the point 
 of junction of the body with the greater wing 
 of the sphenoid bone, and consisting of an 
 external and an internal plate. P. of Rau. 
 Synonym of P., Long (of the Malleus). P., 
 Short (of the Incus), a conic process pro- 
 jecting almost horizontally backward from 
 the body of the incus and attached by lig- 
 amentous fibers to the margin of the opening 
 leading into the mastoid cells. P., Short 
 (of the Malleus), a slight projection from the 
 root of the manubrium of the malleus, lying 
 in contact with the tympanic membrane. P., 
 Sphenoid, a thin plate of bone directed 
 upward and inward from the vertical plate 
 of the palate bone. P., Sphenomaxillary, 
 an inconstant downward prolongation of the 
 greater wing of the sphenoid. P., Spinous 
 (of the Ilium), a prominent eminence on the 
 anterior or posterior border of the ilium. The 
 upper process on the anterior border is the 
 anterior superior spinous process; below it is 
 the anterior inferior spinous process. On the 
 posterior border there are also two processes 
 — a posterior superior and a posterior inferior. 
 P., Spinous (of the Sphenoid Bone), a 
 rough prominence descending from the pos- 
 terior part of the greater wing of the sphenoid 
 bone. It receives the attachment of the 
 internal lateral ligament of the jaw and the 
 tensor palati muscle. P., Spinous (of the 
 Tibia), an eminence of bone on the upper 
 surface of the tibia, between the two articular 
 surfaces, and nearer to the posterior than the 
 anterior border. P., Spinous (of a Verte- 
 bra), the prominent backward projection 
 from the middle of the posterior portion of 
 the arch of a vertebra. P., Styloid (of the 
 Fibula), a pointed eminence projecting up- 
 ward from the posterior portion of the head 
 of the fibula. P., Styloid (of the Radius), a 
 projection from the external border of the 
 lower extremity of the radius. P., Styloid 
 (of the Temporal Bone), a sharp spine 
 about an inch in length, descending down- 
 ward, forward, and inward from the inferior 
 
PROCESSUS 
 
 793 
 
 PROCTOSCOPE 
 
 surface of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone. P., Styloid (of the Ulna), a projec- 
 tion from the inner and posterior portion of 
 the lower extremity of the ulna. P., Sulcate, 
 an inconstant process of the palate bone 
 connecting the orbital process with the 
 sphenoid process. P., Superior Maxillary, 
 an eminence on the face of the embryo which 
 gives rise to the superior maxilla and the 
 malar bone. P., Superior Vermiform, 
 the upper part of the median lobe of the cere- 
 bellum, connecting the two lateral hemi- 
 spheres. P., Temporal, the posterior angle 
 of the malar bone by which it articulates with 
 the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. 
 P., Transverse, a process projecting out- 
 ward from the side of a vertebra, at the 
 junction of the pedicle and the lamina. P., 
 Trochlear, Hyrtl's name for a groove in a 
 bone for the reception of a tendon. P., 
 Unbranched. Synonym of P., Axis-cylinder. 
 P., Unciform (of the Ethmoid Bone), a 
 hook-like projection from the inferior portion 
 of each lateral mass of the ethmoid bone. It 
 articulates with the ethmoid process of the 
 inferior turbinated bone. P. Unciform 
 (of the Hippocampal Gyrus), a hook-like 
 projection from the anterior end of the hippo- 
 campal convolution. P., Unciform (of the 
 Unciform Bone), a hook-like projection from 
 the palmar surface of the unciform bone. 
 P., Vaginal (of Peritoneum), the process 
 of peritoneum which the testicle in its descent 
 carries in advance, and which in the scrotum 
 forms the tunica vaginalis testis. P., Va- 
 ginal (of the Sphenoid Bone), a projection 
 from the inferior surface of the body of the 
 sphenoid bone, running horizontally inward 
 from near the base of the pterygoid process. 
 P., Vaginal (of the Temporal Bone), a 
 sheath-like plate of bone which extends from 
 the carotid canal to the mastoid process. It 
 separates behind into two laminas that in- 
 close the styloid process. P., Xiphoid, the 
 ensiform cartilage. P., Zygomatic (of the 
 Malar Bone), a long, serrated process which 
 articulates with the zygomatic process of the 
 temporal bone. P., Zygomatic (of the 
 Temporal Bone), a long projection from the 
 lower part of the squamous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone, articulating with the malar bone. 
 Processus (pro-ses'-us) [L.]. A process. P. 
 ad cerebrum, the superior cerebellar ped- 
 uncle. P. ad medullam, the inferior ped- 
 uncle of the cerebellum. P. ad pontem, the 
 middle peduncle of the cerebellum. P. ad 
 testes, the superior cerebellar peduncles. P. 
 clavatus, a thickening on the posterior 
 pyramid of the medulla near the apex of 
 the fourth ventricle. P. cochleariformis, 
 a thin plate of bone separating the canal 
 for the eustachian tube from that for the 
 tensor tympani muscle. P. e cerebello ad 
 cerebrum, the superior cerebellar peduncle. 
 P. e cerebello ad medullarn, the inferior 
 cerebellar peduncle. P. e cerebello ad 
 pontem, the middle cerebellar peduncle. 
 
 P. e cerebello ad testes, the superior pe- 
 duncles of the cerebellum. P. gracilis, 
 a long delicate process passing from below 
 the neck of the malleus to the glaserian 
 fissure. P. hamatus. Synonym of Process, 
 Unciform. 
 
 Prochoresis (pro-ko-re' '-sis) [-poyojp-qocg, a go- 
 ing on or advancing]. The motor activity of 
 the stomach. 
 
 Procidentia (pro-se-den' -she-ah) [pro-; cadere, 
 to fall]. Prolapse. 
 
 Procreation (pro-kre-a'-shun) [procreare, to 
 bring forth]. The act of begetting offspring. 
 
 Proctagra (prok-ta'-grah) [procto-; aypa, a 
 seizure]. Sudden pain in the anal region. 
 
 Proctalgia (prok-tal'-je-ah) [procto-; akyog, 
 pain]. Neuralgic pain in the anus or rectum. 
 
 Proctatresia (prok-tat-re'-ze-ah) [procto-; 
 atresia]. An imperforate condition of the 
 anus 'or rectum. 
 
 Proctectomy (prok-tek' -to-me) [procto-; eVro/^Tj, 
 excision]. Excision of the anus or rectum. 
 
 Procteurynter (prok-tu-rin' -ter) [procto-; vjpu- 
 vecv, to widen]. An instrument for dilating 
 the anus. 
 
 Proctitis (prok-ti'-tis) [procto-; c-eg, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the anus or rectum. 
 
 Procto- (prok-to-) [-ptoKzoc, anus]. A prefix 
 signifying relating to the anus or rectum. 
 
 Proctocele (prok' -to-sel) [procto-; kt/Xt], hernia]. 
 Prolapse of the rectum. 
 
 Proctococcypexy, Proctococcypexia (prok- 
 to - kok' -se- peks - e, prok-to-kok-se-peks' -e-ah) 
 [procto-; coccyx; -fficc, a fixing in]. Suturing 
 of the rectum to the coccyx. 
 
 Proctocolonoscopy (prok-to-ko-lon-os'-ko-pe) 
 [procto-; colon; oko~£~o>, to examine]. Inspec- 
 tion of the interior of the rectum and colon. 
 
 Proctocystotomy (prok-to-sis-tot'-o-me). Lith- 
 otomy in which the incision is made through 
 the walls of the rectum. 
 
 Proctodeum, Proctodeum (prok-to-de'-um) 
 [procto-; odatoc, by the way]. An invagina- 
 tion of the ectoderm in the embryo that grows 
 inward toward the cloaca until the ectoderm 
 and endoderm come into contact; the mem- 
 brane formed between the two finally breaks 
 through, the gut then opening externally. 
 
 Proctodynia (prok-to-din'-e-ah) [procto-; 6duv7), 
 pain]. Pain about the anus or in the rectum. 
 
 Proctology (prok-tol' -o-je) [procto-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of the anatomy, func- 
 tions, and diseases of the rectum. 
 
 Proctoparalysis (prok-to-par-al'-is-is). Paral- 
 ysis of the sphincter muscle of the anus. 
 
 Proctopexy, Proctopexia (prok'-to-peks-e, -e-ah) 
 [procto-; Ttfjstc, a fixing in]. The fixation of 
 the rectum to another part by sutures. 
 
 Proctoplasty (prok'-to-plas-te) [procto-; -Xaooecv, 
 to form]. Plastic surgery of the anus. 
 
 Proctoptosis (prok-to-to'-sis) [procto-; niibatg, 
 a. falling]. Prolapse of the rectum. 
 
 Proctorrhaphy (prok-tor'-a-Je) [procto-; pa<f)r], 
 suture]. Suture of the rectum or anus. 
 
 Proctoscope (prok'-to-skop) [procto-; okoxecv, to 
 examine]. An instrument for inspection of 
 the rectum. 
 
PROCTOSCOPY 
 
 794 
 
 PROLAPSE 
 
 Proctoscopy {prok-tos'-ko-pe). Ocular inspec- 
 tion of the rectum with the aid of special 
 instruments. 
 
 Proctosigmoidectomy {prok-to-sig-moid-ek' -to- 
 me). Excision of the anus and sigmoid 
 flexure. 
 
 Proctostomy {prok-tos' -to-me) [procto-; oxbp.a, 
 a mouth]. The establishment of an opening 
 into the rectum. 
 
 Proctotomy (prok-tot'-o-me) [procto-; ropn), a 
 cutting]. Incision into the rectum, especially 
 for stricture. P., External, the operation 
 of dividing the rectum and the anus and the 
 tissue lying between the anus and the tip of 
 the coccyx. P., Internal, division of the 
 parts as in external proctotomy, but without 
 cutting the sphincters. P., Linear, an 
 incision of the dorsal rectal wall and of all the 
 tissues lying between the anus and a sub- 
 ' cutaneous opening made in front of the 
 coccyx. 
 
 Procursive {pro-kur'-siv) [pro-; currere, to run]. 
 Running forward, as procursive epilepsy, a 
 form in which the patient runs during the 
 epileptic attack. 
 
 Procurvation {pro-kur-va' -shun) [procurvare, 
 to bend forward]. A forward inclination of 
 the body. 
 
 Prodromal {pro-dro' -mat) [prodrome]. Pre- 
 cursory; of the nature of a prodrome. 
 
 Prodrome {pro'-drom) [npodpopLoc a running 
 forward]. A forerunner of a disease; a 
 symptom indicating the approach of a dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Product (prod'-ukt) [productive]. Effect; re- 
 sult. P., Addition, a compound resulting 
 from the direct union of two bodies. 
 
 Productive (pro-duk 1 '-tiv) [pro-; ducere, to 
 lead]. Forming, especially forming new 
 tissue, as a productive inflammation. 
 
 Proeminent {pro-em' -in-ent) [pro-; emenens, 
 prominent]. Projecting. P. Vertebra, the 
 seventh cervical vertebra, so called because its 
 spinous process projects beyond the others. 
 
 Proencephalus {pro-en-sef -al-us) [pro-; kyuk- 
 <§>aloc, brain]. A monster characterized by a 
 protrusion of the brain through a fissure in 
 the frontal region. 
 
 Professional {pro-fesh' '-un-al) [profiteri, to 
 profess], i. Pertaining to a profession, es- 
 pecially to the medical profession; in keeping 
 with medical ethics. 2. Produced by the 
 practice of a profession, as professional 
 neurosis (writers' cramp, telegraphers' cramp, 
 etc.). 
 
 Profeta's Law. Healthy born children of 
 syphilitic parents possess a certain immunity 
 to syphilitic infection. 
 
 Profundus {pro-fun' -dus) [L., "deep"]. Deep- 
 seated; applied to certain muscles and 
 nerves, and in the feminine, profunda, to 
 certain arteries and veins. See under Artery. 
 
 Progenitor {pro-jen' -it-or) [progeny]. Ancestor 
 or forefather. 
 
 Progeny {proj'-en-e) [pro-; gignere, to beget]. 
 Offspring; descendants. 
 
 Progeria {pro-je' -re-ah) [npoyepoc, premature 
 
 
 old age]. A rare form of senilism, of rapid 
 Onset, with retention of intelligence and with- 
 out any perceptible cause, marked by loss 
 of the hair, shriveling of the nails, and 
 emaciation. Cf. Geromorphism. 
 
 Proglossis {pro-glos' -is) [pro-; ylojooa, the 
 tongue]. The tip of the tongue. 
 
 Proglottis {pro-glot' -is) [pro-; ylwaoa, tongue; 
 pi., proglottides]. A mature segment of a 
 tape-worm. 
 
 Prognathous {prog'-na-thus) [pro-; yvaOoc, 
 jaw]. Having a projecting lower jaw. 
 
 Prognosis {prog-no' -sis) [pro-; jvojolc, knowl- 
 edge]. A judgment in advance concerning 
 the duration, course, and termination of a 
 disease. 
 
 Prognostic {prog-nos'-tik) [prognosis]. Per- 
 taining to prognosis. 
 
 Prognosticate {prog-nos' -tik-at) [prognosis]. 
 To give a prognosis. 
 
 Progression {pro-gresh' '-un) [progredi, to ad- 
 vance]. The act of advancing or moving 
 forward. P., Backward, a backward walk- 
 ing, a rare symptom of certain nervous lesions. 
 P., Cross-legged, walking with the legs 
 almost crossing, a condition sometimes ob- 
 served in bilateral hip-disease and in cerebral 
 spastic palsy. 
 
 Progressive {pro-gres'-iv) [see Progression]. 
 Gradually extending. P. Muscular Atro- 
 phy, chronic anterior poliomyelitis in which 
 the large ganglion-cells of the anterior horns 
 are gradually destroyed, which leads to 
 atrophy of the muscles. P. Ossifying 
 Myositis, a chronic inflammation of muscles, 
 associated with a tendency to bony deposits 
 in them. 
 
 Proiotia, Proiotes {pro-i-o'-she-ah, pro-i-o' -tez) 
 [Tzpoitbxt]c ', earliness]. Sexual precocity. 
 
 Projectile {pro-jek' -tit) [pro-; jacere, to throw]. 
 Throwing forward. P. Vomiting, a form 
 sometimes observed in diseases of the brain, 
 in which the material is suddenly projected 
 out of the mouth to some distance, generally 
 without nausea. 
 
 Projection {pro-jek' -shun) [see Projectile]. 1. 
 The act of throwing forward. 2. A part 
 extending beyond the level of the surrounding 
 surface. 3. The referring of impressions 
 made on the organs of sense to the position of 
 the object producing them. P. -systems, 
 the name given to the pathways connecting 
 the cerebral cortex with the periphery. The 
 first projection system corresponds to the 
 fibers passing through the corona radiata; 
 the second, to the tracts proceeding down- 
 ward to the gray matter from the third 
 ventricle to the end of the spinal cord; the 
 third, to the peripheral nerves. 
 
 Prolabium {pro-la' -be-um) [pro-; labium, lip]. 
 The red exposed part of the lip; also, the 
 central prominence of the lip. 
 
 Prolapse {pro-laps') [prolabi, to slip down]. 
 The falling forward or downward of a part. 
 P. of the Cord, premature expulsion of the 
 umbilical cord during parturition. P., Frank, 
 uterine displacement in which the vagina is 
 
PROLEPTIC 
 
 795 
 
 PROPTOSIS 
 
 inverted and forms a bag hanging from the 
 vulva, at the bottom of which lies the uterus, 
 generally retroverted, but otherwise unal- 
 tered. P. of Funis. See P. of the Cord. 
 P. of the Iris, protrusion of the iris through 
 a corneal wound. 
 
 Proleptic {pro-lep'-tik) [pro-; Xap.fta.veiv, to 
 seize], i. Prognostic. 2. Returning before 
 the expected time. 
 
 Proliferate {pro-lif -er-dt) [proles, offspring; 
 ferre, to bear]. To multiply; to generate. 
 
 Proliferation {pro-lif -er-a' -shun) [proliferate}. 
 The act of proliferating or multiplying, as 
 proliferation of cells. P., Atrophic, the 
 multiplication of cells in atrophic tissues. 
 
 Proliferative, Proliferous {pro-lif '-er-a-tiv, 
 pro-lif -er -us) [proliferate]. Multiplying; char- 
 acterized by the formation of new tissues or 
 by cell-proliferation. P. Cyst, a cyst in which 
 the lining epithelium proliferates and pro- 
 duces projections from the inner surface of 
 the cyst. 
 
 Prolific {pro-lif -ik) [proliferate]. Fruitful. 
 
 Proligerous {pro-lif -er-us) [proles, offspring; 
 gerere, to bear]. Germinating; producing 
 offspring. P. Disc. See Discus proligerus. 
 
 Prominence {prom' -in-ens) [pro-; miner e, to 
 jut]. 1. A projection on the surface of a part, 
 especially on a bone. 2. The state of being 
 prominent. P., Genital, an accumulation of 
 cells on the ventral aspect of the embryonic 
 cloaca, from which the generative organs are 
 developed. 
 
 Promnesia {pro-ne' -se-ah) [pro-; fivrjotc, re- 
 membrance]. The paradoxic sensation of 
 remembering scenes or events which are oc- 
 curring for the first time. 
 
 Promontory {prom' -on-to-re) [pro-; mons, a 
 mountain]. A projecting prominence. P. 
 of the Sacrum, P., Sacrovertebral, the 
 prominence formed by the angle between the 
 upper extremity of the sacrum and the last 
 lumbar vertebra. 
 
 Pronaeus {pro-ne' -us) [izpbvacog, the first room 
 of a temple]. The vagina; also, the vestibule 
 of the vagina. 
 
 Pronate {pro'-nat) [see Pronation]. To place 
 in a prone position. 
 
 Pronation {pro-na' -shun) [pronare, to bend 
 forward]. 1. The condition of being prone; 
 the act of placing in the prone position. 2. 
 Of the hand, the turning of the palm down- 
 ward. 
 
 Pronatoflexor {pro-na-to-fleks'-or) . Relating to 
 the pronator and flexor muscles. 
 
 Pronator {pro-na' -tor) [see Pronation]. That 
 which pronates, a term applied to several 
 muscles. See under Muscle. 
 
 Prone {pron) [pronus, prone]. Lying with 
 the face downward; of the arm, having the 
 palm directed downward; the opposite of 
 supine. 
 
 Pronephron, Pronephros {pro-ne f -ron, pro- 
 nef-ros) [pro-; vs<f>pbc, a kidney]. The 
 anterior of the three segments of the wolffian 
 body, opening by means of the miillerian duct 
 into the cloaca. It is the first part of the 
 
 urogenital system to be differentiated in the 
 vertebrate embryo. 
 
 Pronucleus {pro-nu' -kle-us) [pro-; nucleus]. 
 One of the two nuclear bodies of a newly 
 fecundated ovum, the male pronucleus and 
 the female pronucleus, the fusion of which re- 
 sults in the formation of the germinal nucleus. 
 
 Proof-spirit. See Spirit. 
 
 Prootic {pro-o'-tik) [pro-; oug, ear]. In front 
 of the ear. 
 
 Proovarium. See Parovarium. 
 
 Propago {pro-pa' -go) [L., "a slip or shoot"; 
 pi., propagines]. An offset; applied to the 
 smaller branches of vessels or nerves. 
 
 Propane {pro'-pdn) [propionic], C 3 H 8 . A hy- 
 drocarbon, the third member of the marsh-gas 
 series, occurring in petroleum. 
 
 Prop-cells. Columnar or fusiform cells placed 
 in the intervals of the rods and hair-cells of 
 the organ of Corti. They are also known as 
 supporting cells and cells of Deiters. 
 
 Propenyl {pro' -pen-il) . See Glyceryl. 
 
 Propepsin {pro-pep' -sin) . The zymogen of 
 pepsin, found in the cells of the gastric glands. 
 
 Propeptone {pro-pep' -ton). See under Peptone. 
 
 Propeptonuria {pro-pep-ton-u' -re-ah) [propep- 
 tone; obpov, urine]. The appearance of 
 propeptone in the urine. It is said to occur 
 in fevers, diphtheria, osteomalacia, and during 
 the administration of styrax or phosphorus. 
 
 Preperitoneal {pro-per-it-on-e'-al) [pro-; peri- 
 toneum]. Situated in front of the peritoneum. 
 P. Hernia, a hernia the sac of which extends in 
 various directions within the abdominal walls. 
 
 Prophase {pro'-faz) [pro-; (f)acvecv, to show]. 
 The first stage of karyokinesis or indirect 
 cell-division. 
 
 Prophylactic {pro-fil-ak'-tik) [see Prophylaxis]. 
 1. Pertaining to prophylaxis. 2. A remedy 
 or agent that prevents the development of 
 disease. 
 
 Prophylactol {pro-fil-ak'-lol). A proprietary 
 liquid said to consist of 20 % of protargol and 
 glycerol with the addition of mercury bichlorid 
 in the proportion of one part to 2000. It is 
 used by injection in diseases of the urinary 
 tract. 
 
 Prophylaxis {pro-fil-aks'-is) [xpofyolaoouv, to 
 keep guard before]. Prevention of disease; 
 measures preventing the development or 
 spread of disease. 
 
 Propionate {pro'-pi-on-dt). A salt of propionic 
 acid. 
 
 Propione {pro'-pe-on) [npaiToc, first; ntwv, fat], 
 C 5 H 10 O. Diethyl ketone, a liquid obtained 
 by the distillation of calcium propionate. 
 Dose, as hypnotic, 8-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 Gm.); 
 as sedative, 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Propionic Acid {pro-pe-on'-ik). See Acid, 
 Propionic. 
 
 Proprietary Medicine. A medicine that is 
 trade-marked, patented, or secret. 
 
 Proprius {pro' -pri-us) [L.]. Individual; spe- 
 cial, as flexor proprius pollicis, the special 
 flexor of the thumb. 
 
 Proptosis {pro-to'-sis) [pro-; tztujoic, a falling]. 
 A falling downward; prolapse. 
 
PROPULSION 
 
 796 
 
 PROTALBUMOSE 
 
 Propulsion {pro-put -shun) [pro-, pellere, to 
 push], i. The act of pushing or driving 
 forward. 2. A falling forward in walking, 
 a condition seen in paralysis agitans. See 
 Festination. 
 
 Propyl {pro' -pit) [propionic], C 3 H 7 . The radicle 
 of propane. 
 
 Propylamin {pro-pit -am-in) [propyl; amin]. 
 1. A liquid basic compound having the for- 
 mula C 3 H 9 N, and existing in two forms, a 
 normal propylamin, boiling at 47 C, and 
 isopropylamin, boiling at 31. 5 C. Normal 
 propylamin has been obtained from cultures 
 of bacteria of feces; isopropylamin has been 
 found among the distillation-products of beet- 
 root molasses. See under Ptomain. 2. A 
 misnomer for an aqueous solution of tri- 
 methylamin, a colorless, caustic, antiseptic 
 liquid. 
 
 Propylene {pro'-pil-en) [propyl], C 3 H 6 . A 
 gaseous hydrocarbon belonging to the series 
 of the olefins. 
 
 Pro re nata {pro ra na'-lah) [L.]. A phrase 
 signifying "according to the circumstances 
 of the case." 
 
 Prorennin {pro-rerf-in) [pro-; rennin]. The 
 mother-substance, zymogen or preliminary 
 material of rennin or chymosin. 
 
 Proscolex {pro-sko'-leks) [pro-; okojXtj^, a 
 worm; pi., proscolices]. The embryo of a 
 cestode worm immediately after leaving the 
 
 egg- 
 Prosector {pro-sek'-tor) [pro-; sector, cutter]. 
 An officer of a medical college who prepares 
 subjects for anatomic dissection or to illustrate 
 didactic lectures. 
 
 Prosencephalon {pros-en-sef -al-on) [pro-; 
 iyKecfraXoc, brain]. The forebrain; that part 
 of the anterior cerebral vesicle from which 
 are developed the hemispheres, the corpus 
 callosum, the anterior commissure, the 
 fornix, the septum lucidum, the anterior per- 
 forated space, the olfactory lobes, and the cor- 
 pus striatum. 
 
 Prosopalgia {pros-op-at -je-ah) [izpboojxov, the 
 face; dXyog, pain]. Neuralgic pain in the dis- 
 tribution of the trigeminal nerve. Syn., 
 Facial neuralgia; Tic douloureux. 
 
 Prosopic {pros-op' -ill) [jzpbo(i)7zov, the face]. 
 Relating to the face; facial. 
 
 Prosopothoracopagus {pros-op-o-tho-rak-op' '-■ 
 ag-us) \jzpboii)Tiov, the face; thorax; nayoc, that 
 which is joined]. A double fetal monster in 
 which the twins are united by the upper ab- 
 domen, chest, and face. 
 
 Prosphysectomy {pros-fiz-ek'-to-me) [npbofaoic, 
 a growing to; an appendage; inzopirj, excision]. 
 Appendicectomy. 
 
 Prostaden {pros' -tad-en) [prostate; ddyv, a 
 gland]. An extract of prostate gland used 
 in prostatic hypertrophy. Dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.) 
 daily. 
 
 Prostatalgia {pros-ta-tat -je-ah) [prostate; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the prostate gland. 
 
 Prostate, P. Gland {pros'-tdt) [pro-; coravac, to 
 stand]. The organ surrounding the neck of 
 the bladder and beginning of the urethra 
 
 {prostatic urethra). It consists of two lateral 
 lobes and a middle lobe, and is composed 
 of muscular and glandular tissue; a dis- - 
 tinct capsule surrounds it. The prostate 
 often becomes enlarged in advanced life, and 
 may then interfere with the emptying of the 
 bladder. 
 
 Prostatectomy {pros-ta-tek' -to-me) [prostate; 
 iKxop.7}, excision]. Excision of the prostate. 
 
 Prostatic {pros-tat' -ik) [prostate]. Relating to 
 the prostate. P. Calculus, a stone lodged 
 in the prostate gland. P. Plexus. 1. A 
 collection of veins surrounding the neck and 
 base of the bladder and the prostate gland. 
 2. A plexus of nerves derived from the pelvic 
 plexus, and distributed to the prostate gland, 
 seminal vesicles, and erectile tissue of the 
 penis. P. Urethra, that portion of the 
 urethra surrounded by the prostate gland. 
 
 Prostatism {pros' -lat-izm). A morbid nervous 
 condition due to prostatic disease. 
 
 Prostatitis {pros-ta-ti'-tis) [prostate; cxcq, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the prostate gland. 
 
 Prostatocystotomy {pros-tat-o-sist-ot -o-me) 
 [prostate; cystotomy]. Surgical incision of the 
 prostate and bladder. 
 
 Prostatomegaly {pros-tat-o-meg'-al-e) [pros- 
 tate; fieyaXr), great]. Prostatic hypertrophy. 
 
 Prostatomyomectomy {pros-tat-o-mi-o-mek'- 
 to-me) [prostate; myomectomy]. Removal of a 
 prostatic myoma. 
 
 Prostatorrhea {pros-ta-tor-e'-ah) [prostate; po'ca, 
 flow]. A thin urethral discharge coming 
 from the prostate gland in cases of prostatitis 
 or masturbation. 
 
 Prostatotomy {pros-ta-tot'-o-me) [prostate; tojitj, 
 a cutting]. Incision into the prostate gland. 
 
 Prostatovesiculitis {pros-tat-o-ves-ik-u-W -tis) 
 Inflammation of the seminal vesicles com- 
 bined with prostatitis. 
 
 Prosthesis (pros' -thes-is) \7zp0c, to; dkacc, . 
 placing]. Replacement of a missing part '-., 
 an artificial substitute. P., Gersuny's Par- 
 affin, the replacement of the cartilaginous 
 portion of the nasal septum by paraffin. 
 
 Prosthetic {pros-thet'-ik) [prosthesis]. Per- 
 taining to prosthesis. 
 
 Prosthetics {pros-thet'-iks) [prosthesis]. The 
 branch of surgery that deals with prosthesis. 
 
 Prostho lytic {pros-tho-lit'-ik) [Ttpbadev, before; 
 Xuecv, to loose]. Progressive change. 
 
 Prostrate {pros' -tr at) [pro-; sternere, to spread 
 out]. Lying at full length. 
 
 Prostration {pros-tra' -shun) [prostrate]. 
 
 1. The condition of being prostrate. 2. 
 Extreme exhaustion of nervous or muscular 
 force. P., Nervous, general exhaustion from 
 excessive expenditure of nervous energy. 
 
 Protagon {pro' -tag-on) [tzpeoToe, first; ayecv, to 
 lead], C 160 H 308 N 5 PO 35 . A crystalline glucosid 
 found in nervous tissue, and yielding when 
 boiled with baryta the decomposition-prod- 
 ucts of lecithin. 
 
 Protal {pro' -tat) [npibroc;, first]. First; primary; 
 initial; hereditary. 
 
 Protalbumose {pro-tat -bu-mos). Same as Pro- 
 toalbumose. See under Albumose. 
 
 1 
 
PROTAMIN 
 
 797 
 
 PROTONEPHRON 
 
 rrotamin (pro' -ta-min) [npaJzoc, first; amin], 
 C 16 H 32 N 9 02- An organic base found with 
 
 I nuclein in the spawn of salmon. 
 
 jProtargol (pro-tar' '-got). A silver albumose 
 occurring as a yellow powder, containing 8 % 
 of silver; freely soluble in water. It is 
 recommended in gonorrhea in 0.25 to 1 % 
 solutions. 
 
 Protean (pro'-te-an) [proteus]. Taking on 
 many - shapes, as a protean disease, protean 
 eruption. 
 
 Protease (pro'-te-dz). A diastase produced by 
 Aspergillus niger. It resembles in its prop- 
 erties papain and the proteolytic enzym of 
 malt. It acts upon gelatin, nucleoalbumins, 
 globulin, and albuminates, but not upon 
 albumin, whereby it is . distinguished from 
 pepsin. 
 iProtectin (pro-tek'-tin). Tissue-paper with a 
 coating of adhesive rubber mixture on one 
 side. 
 
 Protective (pro-tek'-tiv) [protect]. Covering, 
 so as to shield against harm; guarding 
 against harm, as a protective dressing. P. 
 Proteid. See Proteid, Defensive. 
 i Proteic (pro-te'-ik). Relating to protein. P. 
 Substances, proteids. 
 
 Proteid (pro'-te-id) [npaJroc, first]. Any one of 
 the important and essential nitrogenous con- 
 stituents of animal (animal proteid) and 
 vegetable (vegetable proteid) tissues. They 
 are colloid, noncrystallizable, and levoro- 
 tatory, are precipitated from solutions by 
 alcohol and various metallic salts, and coagu- 
 lated by heat and mineral acids. Proteids 
 are divided by Landois into: (a) native 
 albumins: serum-albumin, egg-albumen, met- 
 | . \ albumin, and paralbumin; (b) derived 
 albumins, or albuminates: acidalbumin, syn- 
 tonin, alkali -albumin, and casein; (c) globu- 
 lins: crystallin, vitellin, paraglobulin, or 
 v^erum-globulin, fibrinogen, myosin, globin; 
 (d) fibrins; (e) coagulated proteids; (/) al- 
 bumoses and peptones; (g) lardacein. P., 
 Bacterial, one formed by the action of a 
 microorganism. P., Bacterial Cellular, any 
 proteid found in the bodies of bacteria. P.s, 
 Coagulated. See Coagulated Proteids. P.s, 
 Compound, a class of bodies more complex 
 than simple proteids, which yield as nearest 
 splitting products, simple, proteids on one 
 side and nonproteid bodies, such as coloring- 
 matters, carbohydrates, xanthin bases, etc., 
 on the other. They are divided into three 
 groups — the hemoglobins, glycoproteids, and 
 nucleoproteids. P., Defensive, one of the 
 proteids existing in the blood and rendering 
 the system immune to infectious diseases. 
 
 Protein (pro'-te-in) [proteid]. A substance 
 formerly regarded as a proteid deprived of 
 its sulfur, and looked upon as an alkali- 
 albumin. P., Pyocyaneous, a preparation 
 made from cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus 
 by means of potash solutions. It is recom- 
 mended in the treatment of suppurating 
 
 > ulcers. 
 
 Proteolysis (pro-te-oV -is-is) [nptiroc, first; Xuocc, 
 
 solution]. The change produced in proteids 
 by ferments that convert them into diffusible 
 bodies. 
 
 Proteolytic (pro-te-o-lit'-ik) [proteolysis]. Per- 
 taining to, characterized by, or effecting pro- 
 teolysis. 
 
 Proteose (pro'-te-os) [xpaJzof, first]. Any one 
 of a group of bodies formed in gastric diges- 
 tion, intermediate between the food proteids 
 and the peptones, called antipeptone, hemi- 
 peptone, etc. 
 
 Proteosuria (pro-te-o-su' -re-ah) [proteose; oupov, 
 urine]. The presence of proteoses in the 
 urine. 
 
 Proteuria (pro-te-u' -re-ah). The presence of 
 proteids in the urine. 
 
 Proteus (pro'-te-us) [L.]. A genus of bacteria. 
 See under Bacteria. 
 
 Pro thesis (proth'-es-is). See Prosthesis. 
 
 Prothetic (pro-thet'-ik). See Prosthetic. 
 
 Prothrombin (pro-throm'-bin). A nucleopro- 
 teid enzym of the blood-plasma which brings 
 about coagulation by changing fibrinogen 
 into fibrin by combining with soluble lime 
 salt, and thus forming fibrin-ferment or 
 thrombin. 
 
 Protiodid (pro-ti'-o-did) [npoj-oc, first; iodid]. 
 A salt containing the least amount of iodin of 
 the iodids of the same base. See Proto-. 
 
 Proto- (pro-to-) [npcLroc, first]. 1. A prefix 
 signifying first. 2. In chemistry, a prefix 
 signifying the lowest of a series of compounds 
 of the same elements, as protoiodid, proto- 
 chlorid, protoxid. 
 
 Protoalbumose (pro-to-aV -bu-mos) . See Albu- 
 mose. 
 
 Protoblast (pro' -to-blast) [proto-; filaoxbc, germ]. 
 A cell without a cell-wall. 
 
 Protocatechuic Acid (pro-to-kat-e-chu'-ik) 
 [proto-; catechu], CfH 6 4 . Dioxybenzoic acid, 
 an acid sometimes occurring in the urine. 
 
 Protochlorid (pro-to-klo'-rid). See Proto- (2). 
 
 Protogaster (pro-to-gas' -ter) [proto-; yaozrjp, 
 stomach]. The primitive intestinal cavity of 
 a gastrula. 
 
 Protogen (pro'-to-jen) [proto-; yzvvav, to pro- 
 duce]. 1. Any albuminoid compound which 
 does not coagulate when heated in aqueous 
 solution. 2. A dietetic obtained by action 
 of formaldehyd on egg -albumen. 
 
 Protoglobulose (pro-to-glob' -u-los). One of 
 the primary products of the digestion of 
 globulin. 
 
 Protoiodid (pro-to-i'-o-did). See Protiodid. 
 
 Proto leukocyte (pro-to-lu' -ko-sif) . One of the 
 minute lymphoid cells found in the red bone- 
 marrow and also in the spleen. 
 
 Protometer (pro-torn 1 '-et-er) [proto-; p.kzpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring 
 the forward projection of the eyeball. 
 
 Protomyosinose (pro-to-mi-o' -sin-os) [proto-; 
 myosin]. A product of the. primary digestion 
 of myosin. 
 
 Protonephron (pro-to-nef'-ron) [proto-; vecfrpbc, 
 kidney]. The pronephron, metanephron, and 
 mesonephron taken together; the primitive 
 kidney. 
 
PROTONEURON 
 
 798 
 
 PRURIGO 
 
 Protoneuron (pro-to-nu' -ron) [proto-; veupov, 
 nerve]. One of a peculiar type of bipolar 
 neurons or ganglion-cells of the cerebro- 
 spinal system, characterized by the entrance 
 of the axis-cylinder of an afferent nerve-fibril 
 through one of its prolongations, terminating 
 in its endoplasm. It constitutes a primary 
 independent centripetal end-organ. 
 
 Protonuclein (pro-to-nu' -kle-in), C 29 H 49 N 10 P 5 - 
 32 . A preparation from the lymphoid tissues 
 of animals with the addition of milk-sugar and 
 gum-benzoin. It is used as an invigorator. 
 Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.) several times 
 daily. Applied also in substance to cancerous 
 wounds. 
 
 Protopathic (pro-to-path' -ik) [proto-; nadoc, 
 disease]. Primary; relating to the first lesion ; 
 idiopathic; opposed to deuteropathic. 
 
 Protopin (pro' -to-pin) [proto-; bntov, opium], 
 C2oil 19 N0 5 . An alkaloid from opium; it is 
 hypnotic and analgesic. Dose 40-150 gr. 
 (2.5-10.0 Gm.). 
 
 Protoplasm (pro' -to-plazm) [proto-; plasma]. 
 1. The viscid material constituting the essen- 
 tial substance of living cells, upon which all 
 the vital functions of nutrition, secretion, 
 growth, reproduction, irritability, and mo- 
 tility depend. When highly magnified, the 
 protoplasm of most cells appears as a net- 
 work (spongio plasm), containing a more fluid 
 substance (hyaloplasm) in its meshes. 2. 
 Those portions of the cell-body adjacent to 
 the nucleus; or, the primary active portion 
 of the cell as distinguished from the para- 
 plasm or secondary and passive portion. 
 
 Protoplasmic (pro-to-plaz'-mik) [protoplasm]. 
 1. Pertaining to protoplasm. 2. Composed 
 of protoplasm. P. Process. See Process, 
 Protoplasmic. 
 
 Protoplastin (pro-to-plast'-in) [protoplasm]. 
 The basal substance of protoplasm. 
 
 Protoprotein (pro-to-pro' -te-in). That material 
 which, converted into organized nucleopro- 
 teids, forms living matter. 
 
 Protospasm (pro' -to-spazm) [proto-; anao/noc, 
 spasm]. A spasm beginning in one part and 
 extending to others. 
 
 Protosulfate (pro-to-sul'-Jat). See Proto- (2). 
 
 Protothrombin. See Prothrombin. 
 
 Prototoxins (pro-to-toks'-ins) [proto-; toxins]. 
 Dissociation-products of toxins differing from 
 deuterotoxins and tritotoxins in having a 
 stronger affinity than either for the antitoxins. 
 
 Prototoxoid (pro-to-toks'-oid) [proto-; toxoid]. 
 A transformation-product of prototoxin in 
 which toxicity is lost, but the combining power 
 retained. 
 
 Prototrophic (pro-to-tro'-fik) [proto-; rpo<f>r), 
 nourishment]. Applied to organisms which 
 do not require organic matter or have not 
 the faculty of decomposing proteid stuff. 
 
 Prototype (pro' -to-tlp) [proto-; xbrtoc, a type]. 
 An original type; a type after which others 
 are copied. 
 
 Protoxid (pro-toks'-id). See Proto- (2). 
 
 Protoxoid (pro-toks'-oid). Same as Prototoxoid. 
 
 Protozoa (pro-to-zo'-ah). Plural of Protozoon. 
 
 Protozoon (pro-to-zo' -on) [proto-; £<pov, animal, 
 pi., protozoa]. One of the lowest class of the 
 animal kingdom, comprising organisms which 
 consist of simple cells or colonies of cells, and 
 which possess no nervous system and no cir- 
 culatory organs. 
 
 Pro tropin (pro-tro'-pin). See Protopin. 
 
 Protrypsin (pro-trip' -sin). See Trypsinogen. 
 
 Protyl (pro'-til) [npcbroc, first]. The supposed 
 primitive universal element. 
 
 Protylin (pro'-til-in). A synthetic product 
 containing 2.7% of phosphorus; used in 
 neurasthenia. Dose 2-4 coffeespoonfuls. 
 
 Proud Flesh. Exuberant granulation tissue. 
 
 Provisional (pro-vizh' -on-al) [providere, to pro- 
 vide]. For temporary use, as provisional callus. 
 
 Proximad (proks'-im-ad) [see Proximal]. To- 
 ward the proximal end. 
 
 Proximal (proks'-im-al) [proximus, nearest]. 
 Nearest to the body or the median line of the 
 body, or some other point considered as the 
 center of a system. 
 
 Proximate (proks'-im-at) [see Proximal]. 
 Nearest; immediate, as proximate cause. P. 
 Principle, a substance existing under its own 
 form in the animal solids or fluids, and that 
 can be extracted by means not altering or 
 destroying its chemic properties. 
 
 Prox. luc. Abbreviation of proxima luce, the 
 day before. 
 
 Prozonal (pro-zo'-nal) [pro-; zona, a zone]. Ap- 
 plied to nerve-trunks lying in front of a sclero- 
 zone. 
 
 Pruinate (pru'-in-at) [pruina, hoar-frost]. Ap- 
 pearing as if covered with hoar-frost. 
 
 Prune-juice Expectoration. A peculiar bloody 
 sputum, of a dark purple color, resembling 
 prune-juice. It occurs in low forms of croup- 
 ous pneumonia, in gangrene and carcinoma 
 of the lung. 
 
 Prunum (pru' -num.) [L.]. Prune. The prunum 
 of the U. S. P. is the partly dried fruit ol 
 Prunus domestica, of the order Rosacece. 
 Prunes are laxative. 
 
 Prunus (pru'-nus) [L.]. A genus of trees of the 
 order Rosacea. P. domestica is the source of 
 the prune. The ripe seed of P. amygdalus is 
 the amygdala dulcis of the U. S. P. P. sero- 
 tina yields wild-cherry bark. P. virginiana 
 (U. S. P.), wild-cherry, contains a volatile oil, 
 hydrocyanic acid, tannic acid, a resin, and 
 other substances. It is used as a tonic and 
 sedative in gastric debility and general irrita- 
 tion of the system, and is a common ingredient 
 of cough -mixtures. Dose of the fluidextract of 
 wild-cherry (fluidextr actum pruni virginiana, 
 U. S.P.) 1 dr. (4 Cc); of the infusion (infusum 
 pruni virginiana, U. S. P.) 2-3 oz. (64—96 Cc.) ; 
 of the syrup (syrupus pruni virginiana, U. S. 
 P.) \ oz. (16 Cc). 
 
 Pruriginous (pru-rij' -in-us) [prurigo]. Pertain- 
 ing to or resembling prurigo. 
 
 Prurigo (pru-ri'-go) [prurire, to itch]. 1. A 
 chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, char- 
 acterized by small pale papules and severe itch- 
 ing. The papules are deeply seated, and are 
 most prominent on the extensor surfaces of 
 
PRURITIC 
 
 799 
 
 PSEUDOBACTERIUM 
 
 the limbs. The disease begins in early life 
 and is usually incurable. 2 . Pruritus. 
 
 Pruritic (pru-rit'-ik) [pruritus]. Pertaining to 
 pruritus; itching. 
 
 Pruritus (pru-ri'-tus) [prurire, to itch]. Itching, 
 a peculiar uncomfortable sensation due to 
 irritation of the peripheral sensory nerve, and 
 leading to scratching. It may be a symptom 
 of other diseases of the skin or an independ- 
 ent neurosis. The latter receives its name 
 from the part affected, as pruritus ani, pruritus 
 vaginae. P., Bath, a burning sensation vary- 
 ing from a slight pricking to an intense itching 
 experienced by some persons after a bath. P. 
 hiemalis, a form affecting certain persons only 
 in winter, especially in dry climates. P. senilis, 
 the pruritus of the aged, at times due to degen- 
 erative changes in the skin. P. senilis of the 
 Tongue, a form of glossitis occurring in the 
 aged, characterized by itching and burning of 
 the tongue. P. vulvae, hyperesthesia of the 
 nerves of the vulva accompanied by intense 
 itching. 
 
 Prussak's Fibers. The bands which, coming 
 from the roof of the external auditory canal, 
 pass on to the membrana tympani and form 
 the lateral boundaries of Shrapnell's mem- 
 brane; they are made up of elastic and connec- 
 tive-tissue fibers and contain blood-vessels and 
 nerves. P.'s Pouch, P.'s Space, the small 
 space formed in the attic of the middle ear by 
 the external ligament of the malleus above, 
 the short process of the malleus below, the neck 
 of the malleus internally, and Shrapnell's 
 membrane externally. 
 
 Prussian Blue. Iron used in the arts as a 
 dye; it was formerly employed in medicine 
 as a febrifuge, tonic, and alterative. Dose 
 3-5 S r - (0.2-0.32 Gm.). 
 
 Prussiate (prus'-i-at). A salt of prussic or 
 hydrocyanic acid. , 
 
 Prussic Acid. See Acid, Hydrocyanic. 
 
 Prussin {prus' -in). See Cyanogen. 
 
 Psalis (sa'-lis) [$aMc, arch]. The cerebral 
 fornix. 
 
 Psalterium (sal-te'-re-um). See Many plies. 
 
 Psamma (sam'-ah) [(pap/ioc, sand]. Sand oc- 
 curring as a urinary deposit. 
 
 Psammocarcinoma (sam-o-kar-sin-o'-mah). 
 See Carcinoma psammosum. 
 
 Psammoma (sam-o' '-mah) [(Jtafiptoc, sand; '6}ia, 
 tumor]. A firm tumor found in the membranes 
 of the brain, the choroid plexus, and in other 
 parts, and characterized by the presence of 
 peculiar mineral concretions. The tumor is 
 generally a fibrosarcoma. 
 
 Psammous (sam'-us) [^d/f/iof, sand]. Sandy; 
 sabulous. 
 
 Psellism, Psellismus {seV-izm, sel-iz'-mus) 
 [(pkkefafioc, a stammering]. 1. Stuttering or 
 stammering. 2. Defective speech due to hare- 
 lip or to cleft palate. Psellismus mercuri- 
 alis, the unintelligible, hurried, jerking speech 
 accompanying mercurial tremor. 
 
 Pseud-, Pseudo- (sud-, su-do-) [^sudrjc, false]. 
 A prefix meaning false. 
 
 Pseudaconitin {su-dak-on' -it-in) [pseud-; acon- 
 
 ite], C 36 H 49 N0 12 . An extremely poisonous 
 alkaloid from Aconitum ferox. 
 
 Pseudacousia, Pseudacousma, Pseudacusis 
 (su-dak-ooz'-e-ah, -mah, -u'-sis) [pseud-; 
 anouocc, a hearing]. A disturbance of hearing 
 in which the person's own voice sounds strange 
 or peculiar. 
 
 Pseudarthrosis {su-dar -thro' -sis) [pseud-; ar- 
 throsis]. A false joint. 
 
 Pseudencephalus (su-den-sef'-al-us) [pseud-; 
 ij-Ki<paXoc, brain]. A species of monster 
 characterized by a partial development of the 
 frontal, parietal, and occipital bones, while 
 the brain is represented by a bunch of mem- 
 branes, blood-vessels, connective and possibly 
 nervous tissue at the base of the skull. 
 
 Pseudephedrin {su-def -ed-rin) . See Pseudoeph- 
 edrin. 
 
 Pseudesthesia {su-des-the' -ze-ah) [pseud-; 
 a"cad-qocc, feeling]. An imaginary sensation 
 for which there is no corresponding object; a 
 sensation referred to parts of the body that have 
 been removed by accident or surgical operation. 
 
 Pseudoactinomycosis, Pseudactinomycosis 
 (su-do-ak-tin-o-mi-ko'-sis, su - dak - tin -o- mi- 
 ko'-sis). A form of pulmonary tuberculosis 
 in which the sputum contains granular bodies 
 resembling the grains of actinomycosis. They 
 consist of a crystalline substance similar to 
 leucin. 
 
 Pseudoagraphia (su-do-ah-gra'-fe-ah). The 
 form of agraphia in which meaningless or 
 disconnected words can be written. 
 
 Pseudoakromegaly (su-do-ak-ro-meg'-al-e) . 
 See Osteoarthropathy, Hypertrophic Pulmon- 
 ary. 
 
 Pseudoalveolar (su-do-al-ve'-o-lar). Simulat- 
 ing alveolar tissue. 
 
 Pseudoangina (su-do-an-ji'-nah). False an- 
 gina; hysteric angina; an attack of cardiac 
 pain somewhat resembling angina pectoris 
 but less grave in character, longer in duration, 
 and usually not associated with organic heart 
 disease. It occurs in neurotic women, and is 
 generally brought on by emotional excitement. 
 
 Pseudoanorexia (su-do-an-or-eks'-e-ah). Re- 
 jection of food because of gastric distress. 
 
 Pseudoappendicitis (su-do-ap-en-dis-i'-tis). 1. 
 A condition simulating appendicitis, but with 
 no lesion of the appendix. 2. A condition 
 simulating appendicitis occurring in hysteric 
 subjects or associated with secondary syphilis. 
 
 Pseudoarthrosis {su-do-ar- thro' -sis). See 
 Pseudarthrosis. 
 
 Pseudoataxia (su-do-ah-taks'-e-ah). See Pseu- 
 dotabes. 
 
 Pseudobacillus (su-do-bas-W -us) . 1. One of 
 the very fine fat crystals sometimes found in 
 sputum, and which stain similarly to tubercle 
 bacilli, from which they are distinguishable by 
 their varying size and their solubility in ether 
 and chloroform. 2. In the plural, pseudo- 
 bacilli (of Hayem), very minute, rod-shaped 
 products of corpuscular fragmentation ob- 
 served in poikilocytosis. 
 
 Pseudobacterium (su-do-bak-te'-re-um). Any 
 object resembling a bacterium. 
 
PSEUDOBULBAR 
 
 800 
 
 PSEUDOHYPERTROPHY 
 
 Pseudobulbar (su-do-bul'-bar). Not really bul- 
 bar. P. Paralysis, symmetric disease of both 
 cerebral hemispheres involving the centers or 
 paths of the nerves of speech, and thus re- 
 sembling disease of the medulla oblongata. 
 
 Pseudocele (su'-do-sel) [pseudo-; ko'cXoc, a hol- 
 low]. The fifth ventricle of the brain. 
 
 Pseudoceliotomy (su-do-se-le-ot'-o-me). The 
 pretended performance of abdominal section. 
 
 Pseudochalazion (su-do-kal-a'-ze-on).. A ma- 
 lignant lesion of the conjunctiva resembling 
 chalazion. 
 
 Pseudochancre (su-do-shang'-ker). An indu- 
 rated sore simulating chancre. 
 
 Pseudochlorosis (su-do-klo-ro'-sis). Leache's 
 term for a form of chlorosis in which there 
 was no diminution of the number of erythro- 
 cytes. 
 
 Pseudocirrhosis (su-do-sir-o'-sis). A condition 
 marked by ascites, dyspnea, and cyanosis, 
 believed to be due to combined cirrhosis and 
 peritonea] disease. 
 
 Pseudoclump (su'-do-klump). A clump of bac- 
 teria in broth typhoid cultures, which simulates 
 closely the clumps formed by specific typhoid 
 agglutinins. 
 
 Pseudocrisis (su-do-kri'-sis). A false crisis; a 
 sudden fall of temperature resembling the crisis 
 of a disease, but subsequently followed by a 
 rise of temperature and a continuation of "the 
 disease. It is common in pneumonia. 
 
 Pseudocroup (su'-do-kroop) . False croup ; laryn- 
 gismus stridulus. 
 
 Pseudocyesis {su-do-si-e' -sis) [pseudo-; /coyote, 
 pregnancy]. False pregnancy; the belief, 
 on the part of a woman, in the existence of 
 pregnancy when none exists. 
 
 Pseudocylindroid (su-do-siV -in-droid) [pseudo-; 
 cylindroid]. A band of mucus or any sub- 
 stance in the urine simulating a renal cast. 
 
 Pseudocyst (su'-do-sist) [pseudo-; kootcc, a 
 bladder]. In biology, a globular body pro- 
 duced by the breaking up of protoplasm in a 
 filament, in certain of the lower plants; an 
 asexual reproductive body. 
 
 Pseudodiascope (su-do-di' -ah-skop) [pseudo-; 
 biaomnelv, to look through]. An instrument 
 demonstrating the persistence of visual im- 
 pressions made upon the retina. 
 
 Pseudodiphtheria (su-do-di} -the' -re-ah) [pseudo-; 
 diphtheria]. An inflammation characterized 
 by the presence of a false membrane not 
 due to the Klebs -Loffler bacillus. P. Bacil- 
 lus, a nonpathogenic bacillus resembling in 
 form and growth the true diphtheria bacillus. 
 It is now considered an attenuated form of 
 the true bacillus. 
 
 Pseudodiphtheric (su-do-di} -ther'-ik). Simu- 
 lating diphtheria; relating to pseudodiph- 
 theria. 
 
 Pseudodyspepsia (su-do-dis-pef -se-ah) [pseudo-; 
 dyspepsia]. Nervous dyspepsia or gastric 
 neurasthenia. 
 
 Pseudoendometritis (su-do-en-do-met-ri'-tis) 
 [pseudo-; endometritis]. A condition resembling 
 endometritis marked by changes in the blood : 
 vessels, hyperplasia of the glands, and atrophy. 
 
 Pseudoephedrin (su-do-e}'-ed-rin), C ]3 H 19 NO. 
 An alkaloid found in Ephedra vulgaris and 
 isomeric with ephedrin. 
 
 Pseudoepilepsy (su-do-ep '-i-lep-se) [pseudo-; 
 epilepsy]. Disorders simulating epilepsy, 
 wholly or partially of rachitic origin. 
 
 Pseudoepithelioma (su-do-ep-i-the-le-o'-mah) 
 [pseudo-; epithelioma]. An affection of the 
 skin simulating epithelioma. 
 
 Pseudoerysipelas (su-do-er-e-sip'-el-as) [pseudo-; 
 erysipelas]. Inflammation of the subcutane- 
 ous cellular tissue resembling erysipelas. 
 
 Pseudofluctuation (su -do- fluk -tu-a' - shun) 
 [pseudo-; fluctuation]. A tremor simulating 
 fluctuation, sometimes observed on tapping 
 lipomas. 
 
 Pseudofracture (su'-do-frak-chur) [pseudo-; 
 fracture]. A spontaneous fracture. 
 
 Pseudogelatin (su-do-jel'-at-in) [pseudo-; 
 gelatin]. Any gelatinous substance obtained 
 from vegetable tissues. 
 
 Pseudogeusesthesia (su-do-gu-zes-the'-ze- ah) 
 [pseudo-; feuocc, taste; acodyocg, sensation]. 
 A condition in which color sensations accom- 
 pany the sense of taste. 
 
 Pseudoglioma (su-do-gli-o'-mah) [pseudo-; 
 glioma]. A name given to inflammatory 
 changes of the vitreous humor, due to irido- 
 choroiditis, and resembling glioma of the retina. 
 
 Pseudogonococcus (su-do-gon-o-kok'-us) [pseu- 
 do-; gonococcus]. A diplococcus resembling 
 the gonococcus found in the normal urethra. 
 
 Pseudogonorrhea (su-do-gon-or-e'-ah) [pseudo-; 
 gonorrhea]. A simple nonspecific urethritis. 
 
 Pseudohematocele (su - do - hem - at' - o - seT) 
 [pseudo-; hematocele]. Hematocele occurring 
 outside of the peritoneal cavity. 
 
 Pseudohemoglobin (su -do - hem -o- glo' - bin) 
 [pseudo-; hemoglobin]. A loose combination 
 of hemoglobin and oxygen believed to be an 
 intermediate step between hemoglobin and 
 oxyhemoglobin, on the reduction of the latter. 
 
 Pseudohermaphrodism (su -do- her - ma}' - ro - 
 dizm) [pseudo-; hermaphrodism]. A condi- 
 tion simulating hermaphrodism. 
 
 Pseudohernia (su-do-her'-ne-ah) [pseudo-; 
 hernia]. An empty hernia sac resembling 
 strangulated hernia when inflamed. 
 
 Pseudohydrarthrosis (su-do-hi-drar-thro'-sis) 
 [pseudo-; hydrarthrosis]. Apparent dropsy of 
 the knee-joint from effusion into the liga- 
 ment between the patella and the tuberosity 
 of the tibia, and especially into the fat tissue 
 of the synovial bursa. 
 
 Pseudohydrophobia (su-do-hi-dro-}o' -be-ah) 
 [pseudo-; hydrophobia]. A condition resem- 
 bling hydrophobia, at times produced by 
 dread of the disease. Syn., Lyssophobia. 
 
 Pseudohypertrophic (su -do- hi - per - tro' - fik) 
 Pertaining to or characterized by pseudohy- 
 pertrophy. P. Muscular Paralysis. See 
 Paralysis, Pseudohypertrophic Muscular. 
 
 Pseudohypertrophy (su - do - hi - per'- tro - }e) 
 [pseudo-; hypertrophy]. False hypertrophy; 
 increase in the size of an organ on account of 
 overgrowth of an important tissue. It is ac- 
 companied by diminution in function. 
 
PSEUD OILEUS 
 
 801 
 
 PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS 
 
 Pseudoileus (su-do-iV -e-us) [pseudo-; ileus]. 
 Reflex ileus due to constriction of the mesen- 
 tery, or of a diverticulum, or from traction of a 
 pedicled ovarian tumor, contusion of the tes- 
 ticle or abdomen, or from movable kidney. 
 
 Pseudoinfiuenza (su-do-in-flu-en' -zah) [pseudo-; 
 influenzal. A disease simulating influenza 
 but not due to Bacillus influenza. 
 
 Pseudoleukemia (su-do-lu-ke' '-me-ah) [pseudo-; 
 leukemia]. See Hodgkin's Disease. P., In- 
 fantile, von Jaksch's disease, a form of ane- 
 mia occurring in young children, usually de- 
 pendent on a rachitic diathesis, and not asso- 
 ciated with much leukocytosis. 
 
 Pseudoleukocythemia (su -do-lu-ko- si-tlie'- 
 me-ah). Synonym of Pseudoleukemia. 
 
 Pseudolien (su-do-le' -en) . See Spleen, Acces- 
 sory. 
 
 Pseudolipoma (su-do-lip-o'-mah) [pseudo-; 
 lipoma]. A localized edema resembling an 
 accumulation of fat, occurring above the 
 clavicle and about the knee, especially in 
 cases of rheumatism. 
 
 Pseudolupus (su-do-lu'-pus) [pseudo-; lupus]. 
 A disease simulating lupus vulgaris, produced 
 by a species of oidium. P. vulgaris. See 
 Dermatitis, Blastomycetic. 
 
 Pseudomalaria (su-do -mal-a'-re-ah) [pseudo-; 
 malaria]. A toxemic disease simulating ma- 
 laria. 
 
 Pseudomamma (su-do-mam'-ah) [pseudo-; 
 mamma]. A mamma-like structure some- 
 times occurring in dermoid cysts. 
 
 Pseudomania (su-do-ma' -ne-ah) [pseudo-; ixavca, 
 madness], i. A form of insanity in which 
 the patient accuses himself of crimes of which 
 he is innocent. 2. A mania characterized 
 by lying. 
 
 Pseudomembrane (su-do-mem' -bran) [pseudo-; 
 membrane]. A false membrane, such as is 
 seen in diphtheria. 
 
 Pseudomembranous (su-do - mem' - bran - us). 
 Characterized by, or pertaining to, false mem- 
 branes. P. Inflammation, any inflamma- 
 tion characterized by the formation of a false 
 membrane. 
 
 Pseudomeninx (su - do - men' - inks) [pseudo-; 
 firjucfz, membrane]. A false membrane. 
 
 Pseudomnesia (su - do - ne' -ze- ah) [pseudo-; 
 pvfiocc, remembrance]. Perversion of the 
 memory in which things that never occurred 
 seem to be remembered. 
 
 Pseudomonas (su-do-mo' -nas) [pseudo-; fiovac, 
 monad]. A genus of bacteria. 
 
 Pseudomucin (su-do-mu' -sin) [pseudo-; miicin]. 
 A substance allied to mucin, found in prolif- 
 erative ovarian cysts. 
 
 Pseudomyxoma (su-do-miks-o' -mah) [pseudo-; 
 myxoma]. A tumor containing colloid matter 
 derived from a ruptured mucous cyst. 
 
 Pseudoneuroma (su-do-nu-ro'-mah) [pseudo-; 
 neuroma]. A false neuroma. See Neuroma. 
 
 Pseudonuclein (su-do-nu'-kle-in). See Para- 
 nuclei. 
 
 Pseudoparalysis (su-do-par-al'-is-is) [pseudo-; 
 paralysis]. Paralysis of motion, apparently 
 but not reallv due to a lesion of the nervous 
 52 
 
 system. P. agitans. See Dystaxia agitans. 
 P. myasthenica, bulbar paralysis without 
 apparent anatomic lesion. P. of Rickets, 
 the inability to walk in severe cases of rickets, 
 due to distortion of the bones. P., Syph- 
 ilitic, an inflammatory condition of the epi- 
 physes of the bones in syphilis causing a 
 marked impairment of motion. 
 
 Pseudoparasite (su-do-par' -ah-slt) [pseudo-; 
 parasite]. Any object resembling a parasite. 
 
 Pseudopellagra (su-do-pel-a'-grah) [pseudo-; 
 pellagra]. An affection regarded by some au- 
 thorities as distinct from pellagra, but pre- 
 senting similar skin symptoms. 
 
 Pseudophlegmon (su-do-fleg'-mon) [pseudo-; 
 phlegmon], A simulated furuncle due to 
 trophic nerve lesion. 
 
 Pseudoplegia (su-do-ple' -je-ah) [pseudo-; -Xrjij, 
 stroke]. Simulated or hysteric paralysis. 
 
 Pseudopod, Pseudopodium (su'-do-pod, su-do- 
 po'-de-um) [pseudo-; ~obc, foot]. A protru- 
 sion of a portion of the substance of an 
 ameboid cell. 
 
 Pseudoptosis (su-do-to'-sis) [pseudo-; ptosis]. A 
 condition resembling ptosis caused by a fold 
 of skin and fat depending below the edge of 
 the eyelid. 
 
 Pseudoreaction (su-do-re-ak' -shun) [pseudo-; 
 reaction]. Agglutination not due to typhoid 
 bacilli. Cf. Pseudoclump. 
 
 Pseudoscarlatina (su- do - skar - la - te f - nah) 
 [pseudo-; scarlatina]. A febrile disease asso- 
 ciated with a rash like that of scarlatina, 
 occurring as a result of gonorrhea or after pu- 
 erperal infection. 
 
 Pseudosclerosis (su-do-skle-ro'-sis) [pseudo-; 
 sclerosis]. An affection similar in symptoms 
 to multiple sclerosis of the nervous system, 
 but without the anatomic lesions. 
 
 Pseudosmia (su-doz' -me-ah) [pseudo-; dour), 
 smell]. Perversion of the sense of smell; an 
 olfactory hallucination. 
 
 Pseudosphincter (su-do-sflnk'-ter) [psetido-; 
 sphincter]. An imperfect sphincter. 
 
 Pseudospleen, Pseudosplen (su'-do-splcn, 
 -splen). See Spleen, Accessory. 
 
 Pseudosteogenesis (su - dos -te-o- jen' -e- sis) 
 [pseudo-; boxkov, bone; yewav, to produce]. 
 Abnormal bone-formation. 
 
 Pseudosteum (su-do s'-te-um). An abnormal 
 bony growth. 
 
 Pseudostoma (su-do s'-to-mah) [pseudo-; ordfia, 
 a mouth]. An apparent aperture between 
 endothelial cells that have been stained with 
 silver nitrate. 
 
 Pseudotabes (su'-do-ta-bcz) [pseudo-; tabes]. 1. 
 A disease simulating tabes dorsalis or tabes 
 mesenterica. 2. The ataxic form of alcoholic 
 multiple neuritis. 
 
 Pseudotetanus (su-do-tef -an-us) [pseudo-; tet- 
 anus]. Escherich's symptom-complex. A 
 rare type of tetanus in which the masseters and 
 dorsal muscles are principally involved. 
 
 Pseudotrichosis (su-do-trik-o'-sis) [pseudo-; 
 trichosis]. The growth of hair in an abnormal 
 location. 
 
 Pseudotuberculosis (su-do-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis) 
 
PSEUDOTUMOR 
 
 802 
 
 PSYCHE 
 
 [pseudo-; tuberculosis]. A disease resembling 
 tuberculosis, but not caused by the tubercle 
 bacillus. 
 
 Pseudotumor (su-do-tu'-mor) [pseudo-; tumor]. 
 A phantom tumor; one that changes its loca- 
 tion is called an ambulant tumor. 
 
 Pseudotyphoid (su-do-ti'-Joid) [pseudo-; ty- 
 phoid]. Spurious typhoid, a disease simu- 
 lating typhoid fever, but in which the true 
 lesions of this disease as well as the typhoid 
 bacilli are absent. 
 
 Pseudovacuoles (su-do-vak'-u-olz) [pseudo-; 
 vacuole]. Transparent bodies containing pig- 
 ment found by Laveran in blood of malarial 
 patients. 
 
 Pseudovermicule {su-do-ver'-mik-ul) [pseudo-; 
 vermes, worm]. The motile stage in the devel- 
 opment of certain plasmodiums, as that pro- 
 duced from the fertilized macrogamete in the 
 case of the malarial parasite and allied organ 
 isms. 
 
 Pseudoxanthin {su'-do-zan-thin) [pseudo-; 
 xanthin]. i. C 4 H 5 N 5 0, a leukomain isolated 
 from fresh beef. 2. A body isomeric with 
 xanthin, obtained by action of sulfuric acid 
 upon uric acid. 
 
 Pseudoxanthoma (su - do - zan - tho' - mah) 
 [pseudo-; xanthoma]. A rare chronic disease 
 of the skin characterized by an eruption 
 of yellowish plaques, slightly elevated, 
 with an especial predilection for certain parts 
 of the skin, e. g., lower abdomen, axilla, sides 
 of neck, etc., in which it differs from true xan- 
 thoma, which affects by preference the flex- 
 ures of fingers, the extensor surfaces of elbows 
 and knees, etc. It differs histologically 
 from true xanthoma in being a degeneration 
 of the elastic tissue of the skin. Syn., Pseudo- 
 xanthoma elastica. 
 
 Pseudulcus {sud-ul'-kus). A false ulcer. P. 
 ventriculi, a sensory neurosis of the stomach 
 closely resembling gastric ulcer. 
 
 Pseudydrops {sild-i' -drops) [pseudo-; udpuxp, 
 dropsy]. False dropsy. 
 
 Psilosis (si-lo'-sis) [4>doc, bare]. 1. The re- 
 moval of the hair from a part; depilation. 
 2. See Aphtha tropica. 
 
 Psilothin, Psilothinum (si-lo' '-thin, si-lo-thi'- 
 num). A depilatory cerate containing elemi, 
 40%; benzoin, 10%; rosin, 8%; yellow wax, 
 10%; and diachylon plaster, 30%; applied 
 warm, and when cool, removed with the hair 
 adhering. 
 
 Psilothric (si-lo'-thrik) [(p'dcodpov, a depilatory]. 
 Depilatory. 
 
 Psilotic (si-lo'-tik). Relating to psilosis. 
 
 Psittacosis (sit-ak-o'-sis) [(pcrraKoc, a parrot]. 
 A disease of birds, transmissible to man, in 
 whom it runs the course of a violent typhoid 
 fever without abdominal symptoms but with 
 pulmonary disorders resembling severe in- 
 fectious pneumonia. It is due to Bacillus 
 psittacosis. 
 
 Psoadotomia (so-ad-o-to'-me-ah) [psoas; ropy, 
 a cutting]. Incision of the psoas muscle. 
 
 Psoas (so'-as) [ipba, loin]. One of two muscles — 
 psoas magnus and psoas parvus — of the loins 
 
 and pelvis. See under Muscle. P. Abscess, 
 an abscess, usually dependent upon tuberculous 
 disease of a vertebra, making its way along 
 the sheath of the psoas muscle and pointing 
 at the front of the thigh, below Poupart's 
 ligament, to the outer side of the spine of the 
 pubis. 
 
 Psodymus (sod'-im-us) [psoas; dcdupoc, double]. 
 A monster with two heads and chests and con- 
 joined abdominal and pelvic cavities. 
 
 Psoitis {so4'-tis) [psoas; cue, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the psoas muscles or of the 
 region of the loins. 
 
 Psora {so' -rah) [(pebpa, the itch]. Scabies. 
 
 Psorenteritis {so-ren-ter-i'-tis) [psora; enteritis]. 
 The intestinal condition in Asiatic cholera. 
 
 Psoriasic {so-ri-as' -ik) . See Psoriatic. 
 
 Psoriasis (so-ri' -as-is) [psora]. A chronic in- 
 flammatory disease of the skin characterized 
 by the development of reddish patches covered 
 with whitish scales. The disease affects 
 especially the extensor surfaces of the body. 
 P. annularis. Synonym of P. circinata. 
 P., Buccal, P. buccalis. Synonym of 
 Leukoplakia buccalis. P. circinata, psoria- 
 sis in which the central part of the lesions has 
 disappeared, leaving ring-shaped patches. 
 P. diffusa, a form in which there is coales- 
 cence of large contiguous lesions. P. guttata. 
 See P. punctata. P. gyrata, psoriasis with a 
 serpentine arrangement of the patches. P. 
 lotricum, a form attacking the hands and arms, 
 particularly of washwomen. Syn., Wash- 
 woman's itch. P. osteacea, psoriasis as- 
 sociated with affections of joints. P. pistor- 
 um, baker's itch. P. punctata, a form in 
 which the lesions consist of minute red papules 
 which rapidly become surmounted by pearly 
 scales. P. universalis, a form in which the 
 lesions are over all the body. 
 
 Psoriatic (so-ri-at' -ik) [psoriasis]. Pertaining 
 to or affected with psoriasis. 
 
 Psorophthalmia {so-rof-thaV '-me-ah) [psora; 
 6<pda\pbg, eye]. Marginal blepharitis. 
 
 Psorosperm {so'-ro-sperm) [psora; onippa, 
 seed]. A unicellular organism belonging to 
 the protozoa; a coccidium. 
 
 Psorospermial, Psorospermic (so-ro-sperm' '-. 
 e-al, so-ro-sperm' -ik) [psorosperm]. Pertain- 
 ing to, or affected with, psorosperms. 
 
 Psorosperm ias is (so-ro-sperm-i' -as-is) [psoro- 
 sperm]. A state characterized by the presence 
 of psorosperms. 
 
 Psorospermosis (so-ro-sperm-o'-sis) [psoro- 
 sperm]. A diseased condition associated with 
 the presence of psorosperms. P., Prolifera- 
 tive Follicular. Synonym of Keratosis 
 follicularis and Darier's Disease. 
 
 Psychalgia (si-kal' -je-ah) [<puxv, mind; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Painful cerebration in melancholia. 
 
 Psychalia (si-ka'-le-ah) [faxy, mind]. A mor- 
 bid condition attended by hallucinations. 
 
 Psychasthenia (si-kas-the' -ne-ah) [faxy, mind; 
 asthenia]. Mental fatigue. 
 
 Psyche (si'-ke) [<J>i>XV, mind]. The brain and 
 myelon considered as one organ; the cerebro- 
 spinal axis. 
 
PSYCHEISM 
 
 803 
 
 PTERYGOID 
 
 Psycheism {si'-ke-izm). Hypnotism. 
 
 Psychiatric (si-ke-at' -rik) [psychiatry]. Per- 
 taining to psychiatry. 
 
 Psychiatry (si-ki'^at-re) [psyche; carpeca, heal- 
 ing art]. The science and treatment of the 
 diseases of the mind. 
 
 Psychic, Psychical (si'-kik, si'-kik-al) [psyche]. 
 Pertaining to the mind. P. Blindness. See 
 Blindness, Psychic. P. Deafness. See Deaf- 
 ness, Psychic. P. Infection, mental infection; 
 the development of a mental condition or dis- 
 ease through an influence acting upon the 
 mind. 
 
 Psycho- (si-ko-) [i/>0XV> mind]. A prefix denoting 
 connection with the mind. 
 
 Psychoalgalia (si-ko-al-ga' -le-ah). See Psy- 
 chalgia. 
 
 Psychoauditory, Psychauditory (si-ko-aw'- 
 dit-o-re, si-kaw' -dit-o-re) [psycho-; auditory]. 
 Pertaining to the psychic perception of sound. 
 P. Area, the cortical area concerned in the 
 conscious perception of sound. 
 
 Psychocortical (si-ko-kor' -tik-al) [psycho-; cor- 
 tex]. Pertaining to that part of the cerebral 
 cortex concerned in the conscious perception 
 of sensations. 
 
 Psychology (si-koV -o-je) [psycho-; Xoyog, science]. 
 The science having for its object the investi- 
 gation of the mind or consciousness. 
 
 Psychometry (si-kom' -et-re) [psycho-; phpov, a 
 measure]. The measurement of the dura- 
 tion of psychic processes. 
 
 Psychomotor {si-ko-mo' -tor) [psycho-; movere, 
 to move]. Pertaining to voluntary move- 
 ment, as the psychomotor area, disposed chiefly 
 along each side of the central fissure. 
 
 Psychoneurosis (si-ko-nu-ro' -sis) [psycho-; neu- 
 rosis]. Mental disease not dependent on any 
 organic lesion. 
 
 Psychopathia (si-ko-pa' '-the-ah) [psycho-; nadoc, 
 disease]. Psychopathy. P. sexualis, psy- 
 copathia characterized by perversion of the 
 sexual functions. 
 
 Psychopathology (si-ko-path-oV -o-je) [psycho-; 
 pathology], i. The pathology of mental 
 diseases. 2. The legal aspect of insanity. 
 
 Psychopathy (si-ko p'-ath-e) [psycho-; izadoc;, dis- 
 ease]. Any disease of the mind. 
 
 Psychophysical (si-ko-fiz'-ik-al) [psycho physics]. 
 Pertaining to psychophysics. P. Law. See 
 Law, Fechner's. 
 
 Psychophysics (si-ko -fiz'-iks) [psycho-; physi- 
 cal]. The study of mental processes by 
 physical methods; the study of the relation of 
 stimuli to the sensations which they produce, 
 especially the determination of the differences 
 of stimulus required to produce recognizable 
 differences of sensation ; experimental psychol- 
 ogy- 
 
 Psychophysiology (si-ko-fiz-e-oV -o-je) . Phy- 
 siologic psychology; mental physiology. 
 
 Psychoplegic (si-ko -pie' -jik) [psycho-; 7^777-77, a 
 blow]. A drug which acts by an elective 
 affinity for the gray matter of the brain, lessen- 
 ing its excitability and suppressing its recep- 
 tivity. 
 
 Psychosensory (si-ko-sen'-so-re) [psycho-; sen- 
 
 sory]. Pertaining to or concerned in the con- 
 scious perception of sensory impulses. 
 
 Psychosexual (si-ko-seks' -u-al) . Relating to 
 combined mental and sexual diseases. 
 
 Psychosis (si-ko'-sis) [psyche]. A disease of 
 the mind, especially one without demon- 
 strable organic lesions. 
 
 Psychotherapy (si-ko-ther'-ap-e) [psycho-; depa- 
 izeca, treatment]. The treatment of disease by 
 mental influence or by suggestion. 
 
 Psychovisual (si-ko -vizh' -u-al). Relating to 
 subjective vision or to vision unaccompanied 
 by stimulation of the retina. 
 
 Psychralgia, Psychroalgia (si-kral'-je-ah, si- 
 kro-al' -je-ah) [^oxpoc, cold; aljoc, pain]. 
 A morbid condition characterized by a pain- 
 ful subjective sense of cold. 
 
 Psychro- (si-kro-) [a^uxpoc, cold]. A prefix 
 meaning cold. 
 
 Psychroesthesia (si-kro-es-the'-ze-ah) [psychro-; 
 a'codrjocc, sensation]. Subjective sensation of 
 cold. 
 
 Psychrometer (si-krom' -el-er) [psychro-; pkx- 
 pov, a measure]. An instrument for deter- 
 mining the atmospheric moisture by estimat- 
 ing the amount of cold required to precipitate 
 it. 
 
 Psychrophilic (si-kro-fil' -ik) [psychro-; <J>cX- 
 tiv, to love]. Applied to microorganisms which 
 develop best at room-temperature — i5°-2o°C. 
 
 Psychrophobia (si-kro- fo'-be-ah) [psychro-; 
 (J>6j3oc, fear]. 1. Morbid dread of cold. 2. 
 Morbid sensibility to cold. 
 
 Psychrophore (si'-kro-for) [psychro-; cfikpecv, 
 to bear]. An instrument for applying cold to 
 deeply seated parts, as a double-current 
 catheter for applying cold to the posterior part 
 of the urethra. 
 
 Psychrotherapy (si-kro-ther'-ap-e) [psychro-; 
 OepaTtz'ca, treatment]. The treatment of dis- 
 ease by the use of cold. 
 
 Psydracia (si-dra' -se-ali) [^6dpa$, a blister; a 
 pimple]. An old term for eczema. 
 
 Ptarmic (tar'-mik) [jzTapp.bc, a sneezing]. 1. Per- 
 taining to the act of sneezing; sternutatory. 
 2. A substance that produces sneezing. 
 
 Ptelein (te'-le-in). An alcoholic extract from 
 the root-bark of Ptelea trifoliata, used as a 
 tonic and in dyspepsia. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065- 
 0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Ptenium, Ptenum (te'-ne-um, te'-num) [tcttjvoc, 
 winged]. A name given to osmium because of 
 its volatility. 
 
 Pteric (ter'-ik). Pertaining to the pterion. 
 
 Pterion (te'-re-on). See under Craniometric 
 Point. 
 
 Pterygium (ter-ij'-e-um) [dim. of nvepu^, wing]. 
 A triangular patch of mucous membrane 
 growing on the conjunctiva, usually on the 
 nasal side of the eye. The apex of the patch 
 points toward the pupil, the fan-shaped base 
 toward the canthus. 
 
 Pterygoid (ter'-ig-oid) [7zripu$, wing; eldoc , like]. 
 1. Wing-shaped, as the pterygoid plate of the 
 sphenoid bone. 2. Pertaining to the ptery- 
 goid canal, pterygoid plate, pterygoid plexus, 
 etc. P. Fossa, the notch separating the ex- 
 
PTER YG OM AXILLARY 
 
 804 
 
 PTOSIS 
 
 ternal and internal plates of the pterygoid 
 process of the sphenoid. 
 
 Pterygomaxillary iter -ig-o- maks' -il-a-re) 
 [pterygoid; maxillary]. Pertaining to the 
 pterygoid process and the maxilla. P. 
 Fissure, an elongated fissure formed by the 
 divergence of the superior maxillary bone 
 from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid 
 bone. P. Ligament. See Ligament, Pter- 
 ygomaxillary. 
 
 Pterygopalatine {ter-ig-o-paV -at-in) [pterygoid; 
 palatine]. Situated between the pterygoid 
 plate of the sphenoid bone and the palate 
 bone, as the pterygopalatine canal. 
 
 Ptilosis {ti-lo'-sis) [tcx'cXov, feather]. Loss of 
 the hair, especially loss of the eyelashes. 
 
 Ptisan (tiz'-an) [nzcaavr), peeled barley], i. 
 Barley-water. 2. A decoction of barley used 
 as a medicinal drink. Syn., Tisane. 
 
 Ptomain {to'-ma-in) [7trd)jj.a, corpse]. A basic 
 compound resembling the alkaloids, formed 
 by the action of bacteria on animal and 
 vegetable tissues; a putrefactive or animal 
 alkaloid. Table of Ptomains: Amido- 
 valerianic acid (C 5 H n N0 2 ), found in 
 putrefying fibrin and meat; nontoxic. 
 Amylamin (C 5 H 13 N), found in cod-liver 
 oil, horn, putrid yeast; toxic. Asellin 
 (C 25 H 32 N 4 ), found in cod-liver oil; toxic. 
 Betain (C 5 H 13 N0 3 ), found in mussels, 
 human urine; nontoxic. Butylamin (C 4 H n - 
 N), found in cod-liver oil; toxic (?). Cada- 
 verin (C 5 H 14 N 2 ), found in putrefying animal 
 tissues and in cultures of comma bacillus; 
 slightly toxic. Caproylamin. SeeHexylamin 
 in this table. Cholin (C 5 H 15 N0 2 ), found in de- 
 composing animal tissues and in proteus 
 and comma bacillus cultures; toxic. Colli- 
 din (?) (C 8 H n N), found in putrid mixture of 
 pancreas and gelatin. Diethylamin (C 4 H n - 
 N), found in putrefying fish (pike); nontoxic. 
 Dihydrolutidin (C 7 H n N), found in cod- 
 liver oil; toxic. Dimethylamin (C 2 H 7 N), 
 found in putrid gelatin, yeast, and fish; non- 
 toxic. Eczemin, a white, crystalline sub- 
 stance, soluble in water, feebly alkaline in 
 reaction, extracted from the urine in eczema; 
 toxic. Ethylamin (C 2 H 7 N), found in putre- 
 fying yeast and in wheat-flour; nontoxic. 
 Ethylidenediamin(?) (C 2 H 8 N 2 ), found in 
 putrefying haddock; toxic. Gadinin (C 7 H 17 - 
 N0 2 ), found in decomposing haddock; toxic. 
 Hexylamin (C 6 H 15 N), found in putrid yeast; 
 toxic. Hydrocollidin (?) (C 8 H 13 N), found in 
 putrefying mackerel, horse-flesh, and ox-flesh; 
 toxic. Hydrocoridin (C 10 H 17 N), found in 
 agar-culture of Bacterium album. Methyl- 
 amin (CH 5 N), found in putrefying fish; non- 
 toxic. Methylguanidin (C 2 H 13 N 3 ), found in 
 putrefying horse-flesh; toxic. Morrhuic 
 acid (C 9 H !3 N0 3 ), found in cod-liver oil. 
 Morrhuin (C 19 N 27 N 3 ), found in cod-liver oil; 
 diuretic and diaphoretic. Muscarin (C 5 H 15 - 
 N0 3 ), found in decomposing haddock; toxic. 
 Mydalein, found in putrefying human 
 organs; toxic. Mydatoxin ' (C 6 H 13 N0 2 ), 
 found in putrefying human organs; toxic. 
 
 My din (C 8 H n NO), found in putrid human 
 tissues and in blood-serum cultures of bacillus 
 of typhoid fever; nontoxic. My tilo toxin 
 (C 6 H 15 N0 2 ), found in poisonous mussel 
 (Mytilusedulis); toxic. Neuridin (C 5 H 14 N 2 ), 
 found. in putrefying flesh; nontoxic. Neurin 
 (C 6 H 13 NO), found in putrefying flesh; toxic. 
 Parvolin (?) (C 9 H 13 N), found in putrefying 
 mackerel and horse-flesh. Peptotoxin, found 
 in decomposing proteid substances; toxic. 
 Phlogosin, found in cultures of Staphylococ- 
 cus pyogenes aureus; powerful local irritant. 
 Propylamin (C 3 H 9 N), found in gelatin cul- 
 tures of bacteria of human feces. Pto- 
 matropin, found in decomposing meat, in the 
 organs of persons dead of typhoid fever, 
 etc. It resembles atropin in its physiologic 
 and chemic properties. Putrescin (C 4 H 12 N 2 ), 
 found in putrefying flesh, gelatin, etc.; 
 slightly toxic. Pyocyanin (C 14 H 14 N0 2 ), 
 found in cultures of Bacillus pyocyaneus; 
 nontoxic. Pyridin-base (?) (C 10 H 15 N), 
 found in putrefying sea-polyps. Pyridin- 
 base (C 8 H n N), found in putrefying sea- 
 polyps. Saprin (C 5 H 14 N 2 ), found in putre- 
 fying human liver and spleen; nontoxic. 
 Spasmotoxin, found in cultures of tetanus 
 bacillus; toxic. Susotoxin (C 10 H 26 N 2 )(?), 
 found in cultures of hog-cholera bacillus; 
 tocic. Tetanin (C l3 H 30 N 2 O 4 ), found in cul- 
 tures of tetanus bacillus; toxic. Tetano- 
 toxin (C 5 H n N) ( ?), found in cultures of 
 tetanus bacillus; toxic. Triethylamin (C 6 - 
 H J5 N), found in putrefying fish (haddock); 
 nontoxic. Trimethylamin (C 3 H 9 N), found 
 in herring-brine; nontoxic. Trimethylene- 
 diamin (C 3 Hi N 2 ) (?), found in beef -broth 
 cultures of comma bacillus; toxic. Ty- 
 pho toxin (C 7 H 17 N0 2 ), found in beef -broth 
 cultures of bacillus of typhoid fever; toxic. 
 Tyrotoxicon, found in poisonous cheese, ice- 
 cream, milk, etc.; toxic. Unnamed (C 5 H 12 - 
 N 2 4 ), found in flesh, bones, etc.; toxic. 
 Unnamed (C 6 H 13 N0 2 ), found in cultures of 
 tetanus bacillus; nontoxic. Unnamed (C 7 - 
 H 10 N 2 ), found in sugar undergoing alcoholic 
 fermentation; nontoxic. Unnamed (C 7 H 17 - 
 N0 2 ), found in putrefying horse-flesh; toxic. 
 Unnamed (C 7 H l8 N 2 6 ), found in flesh, bones, 
 etc.; toxic. Unnamed (C 10 H 15 N), found in 
 putrid fibrin; toxic. Unnamed (C^H^N^, 
 found in fermenting cane-sugar. Unnamed 
 (C 14 H 20 N 2 O), found in putrefying fibrin. 
 Unnamed (C 17 H 38 N 4 ), found in putrefying 
 mackerel, horse-flesh, and ox-flesh. Un- 
 named (C 32 H 31 N). Unnamed (C 9 H 9 N0 4 ), 
 found in urine in influenza; toxic, causing 
 fever and killing animals in eight hours. 
 
 Ptomainemia (to-ma-in-e' '-me-ah) [ptomain; 
 alp.a, blood]. The presence of ptomains in 
 the blood. 
 
 Ptomatropin {to-mat' -ro-pin). See under Pto- 
 mains, Table of. 
 
 Ptomatropism (to-mat' -ro-pizm). See Zootro- 
 photoxism tropeinicus. 
 
 Ptosis (to'-sis) [jzLTiTtiv, to fall]. Drooping of 
 the upper eyelid, due to paralysis or atrophy 
 
PTYALIN 
 
 805 
 
 PULMONIC 
 
 of the levator palpebrae superioris. The 
 term is also applied to abnormal depression of 
 other organs; prolapse. P., Abdominal, enter- 
 optosis; Glenard's disease. P. irid is, prolapse 
 of the iris. P. sympathetica, ptosis in con- 
 nection with paresis of the cervical sympa- 
 thetic nerve and associated with miosis and 
 vasomotor paralysis of the side of the face 
 affected. 
 
 Ptyalin (ti'-al-in) [izzuaXov, saliva]. A diastatic 
 ferment found in saliva, having the property 
 of converting starch into dextrin and sugar. 
 The starch first becomes converted into ach- 
 roodextrin and erythrodextrin ; these by hy- 
 dration into maltose, and the latter, by further 
 hydration, into dextrose. 
 
 Ptyalinogen (ti-al-in' -o-jen) [ptyalin; ytvvav, to 
 produce]. The hypothetic antecedent of 
 ptyalin. 
 
 Ptyalism, P., Mercurial (//' '-al-izm) [nxuaXov, 
 saliva]. Salivation. 
 
 Ptyalize (ti'-al-lz) [-zoaXov, saliva]. To pro- 
 duce ptyalism. 
 
 Ptyalogog (ti-al'-o-gog) {jcxbakov, saliva; dyco- 
 ybc, leading]. A sialagog. 
 
 Pubertas (pu-ber'-tas) [L.]. Puberty. P. 
 plena, complete puberty. P. prascox, pu- 
 berty at a very early age. 
 
 Puberty (pu'-ber-te) [pubertas, from puber, 
 adult], t. The period at which the genera- 
 tive organs become capable of exercising 
 the function of reproduction, signalized in 
 the boy by a change of voice and discharge 
 of semen, in the girl by the appearance of 
 the menses. 
 
 Pubes (pu'-bez) [L.]. i. The pubic hair. 
 
 2. The hairy region covering the os pubis. 
 
 3. The os pubis or pubic bone; that por- 
 tion of the innominate bone forming the front 
 of the pelvis. 
 
 Pubescence (pu-bes'-ens) [pubescentia]. 1. 
 Hairness; the presence of fine soft hairs. 2. 
 Puberty, or the coming on of puberty. 
 
 Pubic (pu'-bik) [pubes]. Pertaining to the 
 pubes. P. Bone, the os pubis. 
 
 Pubiotomy, Pubeotomy (pu-be-ot'-o-me) 
 [pubes; roix-q, a cutting]. The operation of 
 dividing the pubic bone to facilitate delivery 
 in cases of pelvic malformation. See also 
 Symphysiotomy. 
 
 Pubis (pu'-bis). The pubic bone. 
 
 Pubofemoral (pu-bo-fem'-or-al) [pubes; fe- 
 mur]. Pertaining to the pubes and the femur. 
 
 Pubovesical (pu-bo-ves'-ik-al) [pubes; vesica, 
 bladder]. Pertaining to the pubes and blad- 
 der. 
 
 Pudenda (pu-den'-dah). See Pudendum. 
 
 Pudendal (pu-den'-dal) [pudenda]. Pertaining 
 to the pudenda. 
 
 Pudendum (pu-den' -dum) [pudere, to be 
 ashamed]. The external genital organ, espe- 
 cially of the woman, generally used in the 
 plural, pudenda. 
 
 Pudic (pu'-dik) [pudenda]. Pertaining to the 
 pudenda, as the pudic artery. 
 
 Puericulture (pu-er-e-kul'-tur) [puer, a child; 
 cultura, culture]. That branch of hygiene 
 
 which deals with the rearing of children and 
 the care of women during pregnancy that they 
 may bring forth healthy offspring. 
 
 Puerile (pu'-er-il) [puer, a child]. Boyish; 
 childish; pertaining to childhood. P. Res- 
 piration, exaggerated breath-sounds with 
 expiration prolonged and high-pitched, such 
 as is heard in healthy children. 
 
 Puerpera (pu-er'-pe-rah) [puer, child; parere, 
 to bear]. A woman who is in labor or has 
 recently been delivered. 
 
 Puerperal (pu-er' -pe-raT) [puerpera]. Pertain- 
 ing to, caused by, or following childbirth, as 
 puerperal convulsions, puerperal eclampsia. 
 P. Fever, an acute, febrile disease of women 
 in childbed, due to septic infection. P. 
 Insanity, insanity occurring during the puer- 
 perium, usually within five or ten days after 
 delivery. It may take the form of mania 
 (puerperal mania), melancholia (puerperal 
 melancholia), or dementia (puerperal demen- 
 tia). 
 
 Puerperalism (pu-er' -per -al-izm). A compre- 
 hensive term for all the pathologic conditions 
 incident to the puerperal state. P., In- 
 fantile, any pathologic condition incident 
 to the newborn. P., Infectious, puerperal 
 disease due to infection. 
 
 Puerperant (pu-er' -per -ant). See Puerpera. 
 
 Puerperium (pu-er-pe'-rc-um) [puerpera]. 1. 
 The state of a woman in labor or of one who 
 has just been delivered. 2. The period from 
 delivery to the time when the uterus has 
 regained its normal size which is about six 
 weeks. 
 
 Puffball. See Lycoperdon. 
 
 Pugil, Pugillus (pu'-jil, pu-jiV-us) [L.]. A 
 handful. 
 
 Pulex (pu'-leks^ [I,.]. The flea; an insect 
 parasitic on the skin of man and animals. 
 P. irritans, a species common in Europe 
 and parasitic on the skin of man; its bite 
 causes severe itching and localized swelling. 
 P. penetrans, the chigoe, or jigger-flea, a 
 species the female of which burrows under 
 the skin of the feet to deposit its ova, pro- 
 ducing a severe irritation that may proceed 
 to serious inflammations. 
 
 Pulicaris (pu-lik-a' -ris) [pulex]. Marked 
 with little spots like flea-bites. P. morbus, a 
 name for typhus, applied because of the pe- 
 techias which occur in that disease. 
 
 Pullulation (pul-u-la'-shun) [pullulare, to put 
 forth; to bud; to sprout]. The act of 
 sprouting or budding, a mode of reproduction 
 seen, e. g., in the yeast-plant. 
 
 Pulmometer (pul-mom'-et-er). See Spirome- 
 ter. 
 
 Pulmometry (pul-mom' -et-re) . See Spirome- 
 try. 
 
 Pulmonary (pul'-mon-a-re) [pulmo, a lung]. 
 Pertaining to or affecting the lungs, as pul- 
 monary arteries, pulmonary emphysema. 
 
 Pulmonectomy (pul-mon-ek'-to-me). See 
 Pneu m one c to my . 
 
 Pulmonic (pul-mon'-ik) [pulmonary]. 1. Per- 
 taining to the lungs; pulmonary. 2. Per- 
 
PULMONIN 
 
 806 
 
 PULSE 
 
 taining to the pulmonary artery, as pulmonic 
 valves. 3. Produced at the pulmonic valve, 
 as pulmonic murmur. P. Fever, croupous 
 pneumonia. 
 
 Pulmonin {puV -mon-in) . An organothera- 
 peutic preparation made from calves' lungs, 
 and used in pulmonary affections. 
 
 Pulmonitis {pul-mon-i' -lis) . Synonym of Pneu- 
 monia. 
 
 Pulp [pulp]. 1. The soft, fleshy part of fruit. 
 2. The soft part in the interior of an organ, 
 as the pulp of the spleen, the pulp of a tooth. 
 
 Pulpef action {pul-pe-}ak' -shun) [pulp; jacere, 
 to make]. Conversion into a pulpy substance. 
 
 Pulpitis {pul-pi'-tis) [pulp; cue, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the dental pulp. 
 
 Pulpy {pul'-pe) [pulp]. Resembling pulp; 
 characterized by the formation of a substance 
 resembling pulp. 
 
 Pulsatile {puV -sat-il) [pulsare, to strike]. Pul- 
 sating; throbbing. 
 
 Pulsatilla {pul-sat-iV -ah) [L.]. The herb of 
 Anemone Pulsatilla and of Anemone pra- 
 tensis, of the order Ranunculacece, containing 
 a crystalline principle, anemonin, C^H^C^. 
 Pulsatilla is employed in amenorrhea, dysmen- 
 orrhea, and in inflammation of mucous mem- 
 branes. Anemonin is used in bronchitis and 
 asthma. Dose ^ gr.. (0.022 Cm.). Dose of 
 Pulsatilla in powder 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.). 
 
 Pulsating {pul'-sa-ting) [see Pulsation]. Ex- 
 hibiting pulsation. P. Aorta, the pulsation 
 of the abdominal aorta seen in nervous and 
 anemic persons. P. Empyema, an ac- 
 cumulation of pus in the pleural cavity that 
 transmits the pulsations of the heart. 
 
 Pulsation (pul-sa'-shun) [pulsatio, from pul- 
 sare, to strike]. A beating or throbbing. P., 
 Suprasternal, pulsation at the suprasternal 
 notch. It may be due to aneurysm, a dilated 
 aortic arch, or the presence of an anomalous 
 artery. 
 
 Pulse, Pulsus {puis, puls'-us) [pulsus, the 
 pulse]. 1. The intermittent change in the shape 
 of an artery due to an increase in the tension of 
 its walls following the contraction of the heart. 
 The pulse is usually counted at the wrist 
 {radial pulse), but may be taken over any 
 artery that is palpable, as the temporal, 
 brachial, femoral, dorsalis pedis, etc. 2. 
 [nbXrog, a thick pap made of meal.] Leg- 
 uminous plants or their seeds, as beans, peas, 
 etc. P., Alternating, Pulsus alternans, a 
 variety in which a large pulsation alternates 
 with a small one. P., Anacrotic, one the 
 sphygmographic tracing of which is character- 
 ized by notches in the ascending limb. P., 
 Angry. Synonym of P., Wiry. P., Ardent, 
 one with a quick, full wave which seems to 
 strike the finger at a single point. P., Bigem- 
 inal, Pulsus bigeminus, one in which the 
 beats occur in pairs, so that the longer pause fol- 
 lows every two beats. P. -breath, a peculiar 
 audible pulsation of the breath corresponding 
 to the heart -beats; observed" in cases of dry 
 cavities of the lungs, with thick walls not 
 separated from the heart by permeable lung 
 
 tissue. P., Capillary, an intermittent filling 
 and emptying of the capillaries of the skin. 
 It is common in aortic regurgitation, and is 
 seen under the finger-nail or on the forehead. 
 Pulsus celer, a quick, short pulse. Pulsus 
 celer et altus, a quick, full pulse, seen es- 
 pecially in aortic regurgitation. P., Con- 
 tracted, a small pulse with high tension. P., 
 Cordy, a-tense pulse. P., Corrigan's. See 
 Corrigan's Pulse. P. -curve, the tracing of 
 the pulse, called a sphygmogram, made by 
 the sphygmograph. P., Depressed, a pulse 
 both deep and weak. P., Dicrotic, one in 
 which the dicrotic wave or recoil wave is ex- 
 aggerated. It is observed when the arterial 
 tension is low, and gives to the finger the im- 
 pression of two beats. P., Entoptic, the 
 subjective illumination of a dark visual field 
 with each heart -beat, a condition sometimes 
 noted after violent exercise, and due to the 
 mechanic irritation of the rods by the pulsat- 
 ing retinal arteries. P., Febrile, that char- 
 acteristic of fever: full, soft, and frequent, 
 and exhibiting a well-marked dicrotism. P., 
 Formic ant, a small, feeble pulse likened to 
 the movements of ants. P., Frequent, 
 Pulsus frequens, one recurring at short 
 intervals and differing from a quick pulse, 
 in which the pulse-wave has a quick rise. 
 P., Full, one in which the artery is filled with 
 a large volume of blood and conveys a feeling 
 of being distended. P., Funic, the arterial 
 tide in the umbilical cord. P., Hard, one 
 characterized by high tension. P., High- 
 tension, one due to increase of the peripheral 
 resistance, together with a corresponding 
 increase in the force of the ventricular systole. 
 It is gradual in its impulse, long in duration, 
 slow in subsiding, with difficulty compressible, 
 and the artery between the beats feels like a 
 firm round cord. P., Hyperdicrotic, P., 
 Hyperdicrotous, a pulse of which the aortic 
 notch falls below the base line, indicating very 
 low tension, a symptom of great exhaustion. 
 P., Infrequent, one the rhythm of which is 
 slower than normal; i. e., in which the heart- 
 beats are fewer in a given time than normal. 
 P., Intermittent, one in which one or more 
 beats are dropped. P., Intricate, an irregu- 
 lar, small, infrequent pulse. P., Irregular, 
 one in which the beats occur at irregular 
 intervals, or in which the force, or both 
 rhythm and force, varies. P., Jarring. See 
 P., Vibrating. P., Jerky, a pulse in which 
 the artery is suddenly and markedly dis- 
 tended, as in aortic regurgitation. P., 
 Jugular, pulsation of the jugular veins in the 
 neck. It is due to tricuspid regurgitation. 
 P., Katacrotic, one with an elevation in the 
 line of descent in the sphygmographic tracing. 
 P., Locomotive. Synonym of Corrigan's 
 Pulse. P., Low-tension, one sudden in its 
 onset, short, and quickly declining. It is easily 
 obliterated by pressure. P., Paradoxic, 
 Pulsus paradoxus, one that is weaker during 
 inspiration, a condition sometimes observed 
 in adherent pericardium . Pulsus quadrigem- 
 
PULSIMETER 
 
 807 
 
 PUNGENT 
 
 inus, P. trigeminus, a pulse in which a 
 pause occurs after every fourth or third beat 
 respectively. P., Quick, one that strikes 
 the finger rapidly, but also leaves it rapidly. 
 P., Retrosternal, a venous pulse believed 
 to be due to the pulsation of the left innominate 
 vein, perceived on depressing the integument 
 of the suprasternal notch. P., Running, 
 a very weak, frequent pulse with low tension 
 in the arteries, one pulse-wave running into 
 the next with no apparent interval; it is 
 observed after hemorrhage. P., Senile, one 
 characteristic of old age. The secondary 
 waves on the descending line of the sphygmo- 
 gram are prominent and the first descending 
 
 *wave relatively large. P., Shabby, an ill- 
 defined pulse due to weak heart and relaxed 
 arteries. P., Shuttle, one in which the wave 
 passes under the finger as if floating some- 
 thing solid with a fluid. P., Slow, one in- 
 dicating a lengthened systolic contraction of 
 the heart and prolonged diastole — often used 
 to signify a pulse of slow rate. P., Soft, 
 a pulse that is readily compressed. P., 
 Supradicrotic, a dicrotic putse in which the 
 dicrotic wave resembles the cardiac beat. 
 P., Thready, one that is scarcely perceptible, 
 feeling like a thread under the finger. P., 
 Venous, a pulse observed in a vein. P., 
 Vibrating, Pulsus vibrans, a tense pulse 
 with a wave arising quickly, giving the im- 
 pression under the finger of the vibrations of 
 a piece of tense catgut. P., Water-hammer. 
 See Corrigan's Pulse. P., Wiry, a small, 
 rapid, tense pulse, feeling like a cord under 
 the finger. It is observed in acute peritonitis. 
 
 Pulsimeter {pul-sim' -et-er) [pulse; jikxpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for determining 
 the rate or force of the pulse. 
 
 Pulsus {pid'-sus). See Pulse. 
 
 Pultaceous {pul-ta'-shus) [pulp]. Having the 
 consistence of pulp; mushy; soft. 
 
 Pulver {pul'-ver). See Pulvis. 
 
 Pulverization {pul-ver-i-za' -shun) [pulvis, 
 powder]. The act of reducing a substance 
 to powder. 
 
 Pulverulence {pul-ver* '-u-lenz) . The condition 
 of being reduced to powder. 
 
 Pulverulent {pul-ver' -u-lent) . Resembling or 
 of the nature of a powder. 
 
 Pulvillus {pul-viV -us) [L., "a little cushion"]. 
 An olive-shaped pad of lint used in plugging 
 deep wounds. 
 
 Pulvinar {puV -vin-ar) [L., "couch"]. The 
 posterior portion of the optic thalamus. 
 
 Pulvis [L.; pi., pulveres]. A powder. P. ace- 
 tanilidi compositus (U. S. P.), a mixture of 
 acetanilid, caffein, and sodium bicarbonate. 
 P. aromaticus (U. S. P.), a mixture of cin- 
 namon, ginger, nutmeg, and cardamom seeds; 
 used as a carminative. Dose 10-30 gr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.). P. cretae compositus (U. 
 S. P.), consists of prepared chalk, powdered 
 acacia, and sugar, and is used as a mild 
 astringent. Dose 10 gr.-i. dr. (o 65-4.0 Gm.). 
 P. effervescens compositus (U. S. P.), 
 Seidlitz powder, a preparation consisting 
 
 of two powders: the white paper contains 
 35 gr. of tartaric acid, the blue paper, 40 gr. 
 of sodium bicarbonate and 2 dr. of rochelle 
 salt. P. glycyrrhizae compositus (U. S. P.), 
 consists of senna, licorice, oil of fennel, washed 
 sulfur, sugar; it is used as a laxative. Dose 
 \-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.). P. ipecacuanhae et 
 opii (U. S. P.). See Opium, Powder of Ipecac 
 and. P. jalapae compositus (U. S. P.), con- 
 sists of jalap, 35 parts; potassium bitartrate, 
 65 parts; it is used as a hydragog cathartic. 
 Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). P. morphinae 
 compositus (U. S. P.), consists of morphin 
 sulfate, camphor, glycyrrhiza, precipitated 
 calcium carbonate, and alcohol. Dose 7! gr. 
 (0.5 Gm.). P. rhei compositus (U. S. P.), 
 consists of rhubarb, magnesia, and ginger; 
 it is used as a mild laxative. Dose £-1 dr. 
 (2-4 Gm.). 
 
 Pumilin {pu'-mil-in). The oil from the young 
 branches of Pinus pumilio. 
 
 Pump. An apparatus either drawing up a 
 liquid into its hollow chamber, or, after 
 sucking up the liquid, forcibly ejecting it from 
 one end. P., Air-, one used to exhaust 
 the air from a chamber or to force more air 
 into a chamber already filled with air. 
 P., Breast-, a pump for removing milk from 
 the breast. P., Stomach-, one for removing the 
 contents of the stomach in cases of poisoning. 
 
 Pumpkin-seed. The seed of Cucurbita pepo 
 of the order Cucurbitacece. The seed pepo 
 (U. S. P.) is used against tape-worm. Dose 
 4 oz. (130 Cc). 
 
 Puncta {punk'-tah) [pi. of punctum, a point]. 
 See Punctum. P. dolorosa, tender or pain- 
 ful points at the exit or in the course of 
 nerves the seat of neuralgia; alsd called Val- 
 leix's points. P. lacrimalia, the orifices of 
 the lacrimal canaliculi in the eyelids near 
 the inner canthus. P. vasculosa, minute 
 red spots studding the cut surface of the 
 white central mass of the brain. They are 
 produced by the blood escaping from divided 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Punctate, Punctated {punk' -tat, punk' -ta-ted) 
 [punctum, point]. Dotted; full of minute 
 punctures. 
 
 Puncticulum {punk-tik' -u-lum) [dim. of punc- 
 tum, a point; pi., puncticula]. A small point; 
 petechia. 
 
 Punctum {punk'-tum) [L.]. A point. P. 
 caecum. See Blind Spot. P. proximum. 
 See Near-point. P. remotum. See Far-point. 
 
 Puncture {punk'-chur) [pungere, to prick]. 
 1. A hole made by a pointed instrument. P., 
 Exploratory, the puncture of a cyst or cavity 
 for removal of a portion of its contents for 
 examination. P., Lumbar, puncture of the 
 spinal canal for the withdrawal of cerebro- 
 spinal fluid in hydrocephalus, first suggested 
 by Quincke. 
 
 Punctured {punk'-turd) [puncture]. Produced 
 by a prick, as a punctured wound. 
 
 Pungent {pun'-jent) [pungere, to prick]. Acrid; 
 penetrating; producing a pricking or painful 
 sensation. 
 
PUNICEOUS 
 
 808 
 
 PURPURIN 
 
 Puniceous {pu-nish' -us) [puniceus, red]. 
 Bright-carmin color. 
 
 Punktograph {punk' -to-graf) [punctum, point; 
 ypacpecv, to record]. A radiographic instru- 
 ment for the surgical localization of foreign 
 bodies, as bullets embedded in the tissues. 
 
 Pupil {pu'-pil) [pupilla, a little girl; the 
 name is believed to be derived from the 
 small images seen in the pupil]. The aper- 
 ture in the iris of the eye for the passage of 
 light. P., Argyll Robertson. See Argyll Rob- 
 ertson Pupil. P . , Artificial , an aperture made 
 by iridectomy when the normal pupil is 
 occluded. P., Multiple, the presence of 
 bands dividing the pupil into several portions 
 due to persistence of portions of the fetal 
 pupillary membrane. 
 
 Pupillary {pu' -pil-a-re) [pupil]. Pertaining 
 to the pupil. P. Membrane. See Mem- 
 brane, Pupillary. P. Membrane, Persist- 
 ent. See under Membrane, Pupillary. P. 
 Reflex. See under Reflex. 
 
 Pupillometer (pu-pil-om 1 '-et-er) [pupil]. An 
 instrument for measuring the pupil of the 
 eye. 
 
 Pupilloscopy {pu-pil-os' -ko-pe) [pupil; okotieIv, 
 to inspect], i. Examination of the pupil. 
 2. Retinoscopy. 
 
 Pural {pu'-ral). Powdered wood charcoal 
 -saturated with a mixture of menthol, phenol, 
 and benzoic acid, and compressed into cylin- 
 ders, which are ignited for disinfecting pur- 
 * poses. 
 
 Purgation {pur-ga' -shun) [purge]. The act 
 of purging. 
 
 Purgative {pur' -ga-tiv) [purge], i. Producing 
 purgation. 2. A drug producing copious 
 evacuations of the bowel. 
 
 Purge {pur]) [pur gar e, to purge]. 1. To cause 
 free evacuation of the bowel. 2. A drug that 
 causes free evacuation of the bowel. 
 
 Purgen {pur'-jen). See Phenol phthalein. 
 
 Purging Nut. Curcas, the seed of Jatropha 
 purgans or J. curcas, having cathartic proper- 
 ties. Syn., Barbados nut. 
 
 Puriform {pu'-ri-form) [pus; forma, form]. 
 Resembling pus. 
 
 Purin {pu'-rin). A carbon-nitrogen nucleus 
 occurring in many products of tissue changes. 
 P. -bases, P. -bodies, those derived from 
 purin by simple substitution of the various 
 hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl, amid, or alkyl 
 groups; e. g., adenin, hypoxanthin, guanin, 
 xanthin, and the methylxanthins, theobromin, 
 caffein, etc., together with uric acid. P.S, 
 Endogenous, those originating from nuclein 
 cleavage during metabolic processes. P.S, 
 Exogenous, those derived from the purin- 
 bodies of food-stuffs. 
 
 Purinometer {pu-rin-om 1 '-et-er) [purin; pkxpov, 
 a measure]. An apparatus consisting of a 
 graduated separator with a uniform bore for 
 the clinical estimation of urinary purins. 
 
 Purkinje {poor' '-kin-ye) [I. E. Purkinje, a 
 Bohemian physiologist, 1787-1869]. P.'s 
 Cells, large ganglion-cells of the cerebellar 
 cortex, disposed as a single row at the 
 
 junction of the nuclear and the molecular 
 layer, and presenting pyriform or flask-shaped 
 bodies, 60-70 p. in their longest diameter. 
 P.'s Corpuscles, the lacunas of bone. P.'s 
 Fibers, anastomosing muscular fibers found 
 in the subendocardial tissue of some animals. 
 They are made up of polyhedral nucleated 
 cells, the margins of which consist of fine, 
 transversely striated fibers. P.'s Figures, 
 the dark lines which are seen on a yellow back- 
 ground when a candle is held a short distance 
 from the eye in a darkened room. They are 
 produced by the retinal vessels. P.'s Granu- 
 lar Layer. See Czermak , s Interglobular 
 Spaces. P.'s Images, three pairs of images _ 
 of one object seen in an observed pupil: the 
 first, erect, reflected from the anterior surface 
 of the cornea; the second, erect, reflected 
 from the anterior surface of the lens; the third, 
 inverted, reflected from the posterior capsule 
 of the lens. P.'s Network, the network of 
 beaded fibers {Purkinje's fibers) visible to 
 the naked eye in the subendocardial tissue of 
 the ventricles. P.'s Vesicle, the germinal 
 vesicle. 
 
 Purkinje-Sanson's Images. See Purkinje's 
 Images. 
 
 Puro {pu'-ro). A meat -juice, made by ex- 
 pression of the meat. It contains 21% of 
 unchanged albumin. 
 
 Puroform {pu f -ro-form) . An antiseptic and 
 disinfectant said to be a combination of 
 zinc and formaldehyd, thymol, menthol, and 
 eucalyptol. 
 
 Puronal {pu'-ron-al). A proprietary antiseptic 
 compound said to contain acetanilid, 97.22%, 
 and bismuth subiodid, 2.35%. 
 
 Purple, Visual. See Rhodopsin. 
 
 Purpura {pur' -pur -ah) [L.]. A disease char- 
 acterized by hemorrhages into the skin, taking 
 the form of petechias, macules, or large 
 patches. It may occur as an independent 
 affection, or be symptomatic of other diseases. 
 P. fulminans, a grave form of purpura 
 developing in young children as a sequel to 
 acute infectious diseases. It is of short dura- 
 tion, is marked by extensive extravasations, 
 grave constitutional symptoms, and usually 
 ends fatally. P. haemorrhagica, a systemic 
 disease with marked constitutional symp- 
 toms, followed by an eruption of hemorrhagic 
 petechias upon the legs, and extending in suc- 
 . cessive crops over the whole body-surface, 
 coalescing to form extensive irregular ecchy- 
 motic patches or even raised bloody tumors. 
 Hemorrhages may take place from the mucous 
 surfaces or into the serous cavities. Syn., 
 Land-scurvy; Morbus maculosus werlhofii; 
 Werlhofs disease. P. urticans. See Ur- 
 ticaria hcemorrhagica. 
 
 Purpuric {pur-pu'-rik) [purpura]. Pertaining 
 to or resembling purpura. 
 
 Purpurin {pur' -pu-rin) [purpura], C u H 8 6 . 
 1. A dye present with alizarin in madder- 
 root, but also prepared artificially. ^ 2. Uroery- 
 thrin, a red coloring-matter sometimes present 
 in urinary deposits. 
 
PURPURINURIA 
 
 809 
 
 PYELONEPHROSIS 
 
 Purpurinuria (pur-pu-rin-u'-re-ah). See Por- 
 phyruria. 
 
 Purring Thrill. A fine trembling vibration 
 like the purring of a cat, perceived by palpa- 
 tion over the precordiura. It may be due to 
 aneurysm or to valvular heart lesion, espe- 
 cially mitral stenosis. 
 
 Purulence {pur' -u-lens) [pus]. The state of 
 being purulent. 
 
 Purulent (pur' -u-lent) [pus]. Having the char- 
 acter of or containing pus; characterized by 
 the formation of pus. P. Catarrh, an in- 
 flammation of a mucous membrane accom- 
 panied by the production of pus. P. Edema, 
 a general infiltration of pus together with much 
 fluid. 
 
 Puruloid (piir'-u-loid) [pus; eloof, like]. Re- 
 sembling pus; puriform. 
 
 Pus [L.]. A liquid substance consisting of 
 cells and an albuminous fluid (liquor puris), 
 formed in certain kinds of inflammation. See 
 Donne's Test. P., Blue, pus colored blue by 
 Bacillus pyocyaneus. P. -corpuscles, the 
 corpuscles found in pus. P., Curdy, pus 
 containing cheesy-looking flakes. P., Ichor- 
 ous, pus that is thin and acrid. P., Laud- 
 able, a whitish, inodorous pus, formerly 
 thought to be essential to the healing of 
 wounds. P., Orange, pus colored by the 
 presence of hematoidin crystals. P., Sani- 
 ous, pus mixed with blood. P. -tube. See 
 Pyosalpinx. 
 
 Pustula maligna (pus-tu'-lah ma-lig'-nah). 
 Anthrax. 
 
 Pustulant (pus' -tu-lant) [pustule]. i. Causing 
 the formation of pustules. 2. An irritant 
 substance giving rise to the formation of 
 pustules. 
 
 Pustular (pus'-tu-lar) [pustule]. Characterized 
 by the presence of pustules. 
 
 Pustulation (pus-tu-la' -shun) [pustule]. The 
 formation of pustules. 
 
 Pustule (pus'-tul) [pustula, a pustule]. A 
 small circumscribed elevation of the skin con- 
 taining pus. P., Malignant, anthrax. 
 
 Pustulocrustaceous (pus-tu-lo-krus-ta'-shus) 
 [pustule; crusta, crust]. Characterized by 
 the formation of pustules and crusts. 
 
 Pustuloderma (pus-tu-lo-der' -mah) [pustule; 
 dip/ia, the skin]. Any skin disease character- 
 ized by the formation of pustules. 
 
 Putamen (pu-ta' -men) [L., "a husk"]. 1. The 
 stone of a drupe or shell of a nut. 2. The 
 outer darker part of the lenticular nucleus 
 of the brain. 
 
 Putnam-Dana's Symptom-complex. Com- 
 bined sclerosis of the lateral and posterior 
 columns of the spinal cord. 
 
 Putrefaction (pu-tre-Jak'-shun) [putrid; facere, 
 to make]. The decomposition of nitrogenous 
 organic matter under the influence of micro- 
 organisms, accompanied by the development 
 of disagreeable odors, due to the evolution 
 of ammonia, hydrogen sulfid, and other gases, 
 and the production of aromatic bodies. In 
 addition, many other compounds are formed, 
 among which ptomains are the most impor- 
 
 tant. The end-products are water, nitrogen, 
 methane, and carbon dioxid. 
 
 Putrefactive (pu-tre-fak'-tiv) [see Putrefac- 
 tion]. Pertaining to or causing putre- 
 faction. 
 
 Putrescence (pu-tres' -ens) [putrescere, to be- 
 come rotten]. The state or process of putre- 
 faction. 
 
 Putrescent (pu-tres' -ent) [see Putrescence]. 
 Undergoing putrefaction. 
 
 Putrescentia (pu-tres-en' -she-ah) . See Putres- 
 cence. P. Uteri, the severest form of puer- 
 peral endometritis, with sanious ulceration of 
 the wall of the uterus extending to the peri- 
 toneum. 
 
 Putrescin (pu - tres' - in) [see Putrescence], 
 C 4 H 12 N 2 . A poisonous ptomain, a clear, 
 rather thin liquid, of a disagreeable odor, 
 boiling at i56°-i57° C. See also under Pto- 
 mains, Table of. 
 
 Putrid (pu'-trid) [putridus, rotten]. Rotten; 
 characterized by putrefaction. P. Fever. 
 Synonym of Typhus. 
 
 Putrilage (pu'-tril-dj) [putrid]. Putrescent 
 material. 
 
 Putrilaginous (pu-tril-af -in-us) [putrid]. Gan- 
 grenous. 
 
 Pyarthrosis (pi - ar - thro' - sis) [nuov, pus; 
 apdpov, a joint]. Suppuration of a joint. 
 
 Pycnomorphous, Pyknomorphous (pik-no- 
 morf'-us) [twkvoc, thick; /Jtop^ifj, form]. Ap- 
 plied to nerve-cells in which the stained parts 
 of the cell-body are compactly arranged. 
 
 Pycnosis (pik-no'-sis) [twkvoc-, thick]. Thick- 
 ening; inspissation. 
 
 Pyelitis (pi-el-i'-tis) [tzUXoc, a trough; tree, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of. the pelvis 
 of the kidney. It may be due to the irrita- 
 tion of calculi, to tuberculosis, or to acute 
 specific fevers, but most commonly is sec- 
 ondary to diseases of the bladder. It is 
 marked by pain and tenderness in the lumbar 
 region, by a remittent fever, and by the pres- 
 ence in the urine of albumin, mucus, epithe- 
 lial cells from the pelvis of the kidney, pus- 
 corpuscles in large amount, and frequently 
 blood. The urine is generally acid. P., 
 Calculous, that due to calculi. 
 
 Pyelo- (pi-e-lo-) [r.iieXoc, a trough]. A prefix 
 denoting relation to the kidney. 
 
 Pyelocystitis ( pi-el-o- sis - ti' - tis ) [pyelo-; 
 cystitis]. Pyelitis with cystitis. 
 
 Pyelocystostomosis (pi-e-lo-sist-o-sto-mo'-sis) 
 [pyelo-; kugtcc, a bladder; or6p.a, a mouth]. 
 The establishment of direct communication 
 between the kidney and the bladder. 
 
 Pyelolithotomy (pi-el-o -lith-ot'-o -me) [pyelo-; 
 lithotomy]. Removal of a renal calculus 
 through an incision into the pelvis of the 
 kidney. 
 
 Pyelometer (pi-el-om'-et-er). Synonym of 
 
 Pelvimeter. 
 
 Pyelonephritis (pi-el-o-nef-ri'-tis) [pyelo-; ne- 
 phritis]. Inflammation of the kidney and 
 its pelvis. 
 
 Pyelonephrosis (pi-el-o-nef-ro'-sis). Synonym 
 of Pyelonephritis, 
 
PYELOTOMY 
 
 810 
 
 PYOKTANIN 
 
 Pyelotomy (pi-el-of -o-me) [pyelo-; ropirj, a 
 cutting]. Incision of the renal pelvis. 
 
 Pyemia (pi-e' -me-ah) [tzuov, pus; aifxa, blood]. 
 A disease due to the presence of pyogenic 
 microorganisms in the blood and the forma- 
 tion, wherever these organisms lodge, of 
 embolic or metastatic abscesses. The symp- 
 toms are intermittent or remittent fever, asso- 
 ciated with sweats and chills, rapid emacia- 
 tion, slight jaundice, abscesses in different 
 parts of the body, and often a purpuric 
 eruption. The disease is generally fatal. 
 P., Arterial, a name given to pyemia pro- 
 duced by disorganization of a cardiac throm- 
 bus and the dissemination of emboli through 
 <he arterial circulation. 
 
 Pyemic (pi-em'-ik or pi-e f -mik) [pyemia]. Per- 
 taining to or affected with pyemia. 
 
 Pyesis (pi-e' -sis). Synonym of Stippuration. 
 
 Pygal (pi'-gal) [ftuj-f], buttock]. Pertaining to 
 the buttocks. 
 
 Pygalopubic (pi-gal-o-pu'-bik) [xuyT), buttock; 
 pubes]. Relating to the buttocks and the 
 pubes. 
 
 Pygodidymus (pi-go-did' -im-us) \_7iuyq, but- 
 tock; deduce, twin]. A double monster 
 united by the buttocks. 
 
 Pygomelus (pi-gom'-el-us) [xuyr], buttock; 
 p.kXoc, a member]. A monster with a parasite 
 attached to the hypogastric region or to the 
 buttock. 
 
 Pygopagus (pi-gop'-ag-us) [nufrj, buttock; 
 izajoc, joined]. A monster with conjoined 
 buttocks or backs. 
 
 Pyin (pi'-in) [/zuov, pus]. An albuminous 
 substance of complex constitution occurring 
 in pus. It may be separated by adding 
 sodium chlorid and filtering. 
 
 Pyknomorphous (pik-no-morj'-us). See Pyc- 
 nomorphous. 
 
 Pyknosis (pik-no'-sis). See Pycnosis. 
 
 Pyla (pi'-lah) \tzuXt), a gate]. The orifice by 
 which the mesal portion of the mesocele 
 communicates with the lateral. 
 
 Pyle (pi'-le) [tzuXtj, a gate]. The portal vein. 
 
 Pylema (pi-le'-mah) [pyh; alfia, blood]. The 
 blood of the portal vein. 
 
 Pylephlebitis (pi-le-fleb-i'-tis) [pyle; phleb- 
 itis]. Inflammation of the portal vein. 
 The condition is usually secondary to disease 
 of the intestine, is generally suppurative 
 in character, and gives rise to the symptoms 
 of pyemia. 
 
 Pylethrombophlebitis (pi-le-throm-bo-fleb-i'- 
 tis) [pyle; thrombosis; phlebitis]. Inflam- 
 mation and thrombosis of the portal 
 vein. 
 
 Pylethrombosis (pi-le-throm-bo'-sis) [pyle; 
 thrombosis]. Thrombosis of the portal vein. 
 
 Pylic (pi'-lik) [pyle]. Pertaining to the portal 
 vein. 
 
 Pyloralgia (pi-lor-al'-je-ah) [pylorus; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the region of the pylorus. 
 
 Pylorectomy (pi - lor - ek' -to - me) [pylorus; 
 irczojur], excision]. Excision of the pylorus. 
 
 Pyloric (pi-lor'-ik) [pylorus]. Pertaining to 
 the pylorus. P. Glands, glands situated in 
 
 the region of the pylorus and secreting the 
 gastric juice. P. Orifice. See Pylorus (i). 
 P. Valve. See Pylorus (2). 
 
 Pyloro- (pi-lo-ro-) [pylorus]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to the pylorus. 
 
 Pylorocolic (pi-lor-o-kol'-ik). Pertaining to or 
 connecting the pyloric end of the stomach 
 with the transverse colon. 
 
 Pylorodiosis (pi-lor-o-di-o'-sis) [pyloro-; d'cojocc, 
 a pushing through]. Loreta's operation: digi- 
 tal divulsion of the pyloric orifice following 
 gastrotomy. 
 
 Pyloroplasty (pi-lor' -o-plas-te) [pyloro-; nXao- 
 oecv, to form]. Plastic operation upon the 
 pylorus. 
 
 Pylorospasm (pi-lor 1 '-o-spazm). Spasm of the 
 pylorus. 
 
 Pylorus (pi-lo'-rus) [nuXcopoc, a gate-keeper]. 
 1. The circular opening of the stomach into 
 the duodenum. 2. The fold of mucous mem- 
 brane and muscular tissue surrounding the 
 aperture between the stomach and the duo- 
 denum. P., Antrum of, the portion of the 
 stomach between -the pyloric orifice and the 
 sphincter antri pylorici or transverse band. 
 
 Pyo- (pi-o-) [tzuov, pus]. A prefix denoting per- 
 taining to pus. 
 
 Pyocolpocele (pi-o-kol'-po-sel). A suppurating 
 tumor of the vagina. 
 
 Pyocolpos (pi-o-kol'-pos) [pyo-; koXtcoc, vagina]. 
 An accumulation of pus within the vagina. 
 
 Pyoctanin (pi-ok' '-tan-in). See Pyoktanin. 
 
 Pyocyanase (pi-o -si' -an-az) [pyo-; nbavoc, 
 blue]. The specific bacteriolytic enzym of 
 Bacillus pyocyaneus. It digests the bacilli of 
 typhoid, diphtheria, and cholera, and also 
 fibrin. It is a yellowish -green, alkaline, amor- 
 phous substance, soluble in water, to which 
 it imparts a greenish tint. 
 
 Pyocyanin (pi-o-si' -an-in) [see Pyocyanase], 
 C u H l4 N0 2 . A colored substance derived 
 from blue pus and from cultures of Bacillus 
 pyocyaneus. 
 
 Pyocyte (pi'-o-sii) [pyo-; nuzoc, a cell]. A 
 pus-corpuscle. 
 
 Pyodermia (pi-o-der' -me-ah) [pyo-; dkpfia, skin]. 
 Any cutaneous lesion due to staphylococci. 
 
 Pyogenesis (pi-o-jen 1 '-es-is) [pyo-; yevvav, to 
 produce]. The formation of pus. 
 
 Pyogenic (pi-o-jen' -ik) [see Pyogenesis]. Produc- 
 ing pus. P. Membrane. See Membrane, 
 Pyogenic. P. Microorganisms, the micro- 
 organisms producing pus. The ordinary 
 pyogenic micro-organisms are staphylococci 
 and streptococci. Under certain circum- 
 stances pus may be produced by the pneumo- 
 coccus of Frankel, Bacillus coli communis, the 
 bacillus of typhoid, the gonococcus, and others. 
 
 Pyohsemia (pi-o-he' -me-ah) . See Pyemia. 
 
 Pyohemothorax (pi-o-hem-o-tho'-raks) . The 
 presence of pus and blood in the pleural 
 cavity. 
 
 Pyoid (pi'-oid) [pyo-; dooc, like]. Resembling 
 pus. 
 
 Pyoktanin (pi-oV -tan-in) [pyo-; are eve tv, to 
 kill]. A name given to methyl-violet and 
 
PYOMETRA 
 
 811 
 
 PYRETIN 
 
 methyl ene-blue on account of their germicidal 
 properties. Pyoktanin has been used in 
 diphtheria, cystitis, gonorrhea, ulcers, and 
 inflammations of the conjunctiva, and as an 
 injection in carcinoma. P., Blue, C 2 4H 28 - 
 N 3 C1, antiseptic, disinfectant, and analgesic. 
 Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.). Dusting- 
 powder, 1 : 1000-1 : 100; aqueous solution, 
 1-4 : 10,000. P. -mercury, a compound of 
 pyoktanin and mercury. Applied in 1 : 200 
 solution or with equal parts of starch. P., 
 Yellow, C l7 H 24 N 3 C10, antiseptic and dis- 
 infectant, but weaker than blue pyoktanin. 
 Dose 1-8 gr. (0.065-0.52 Gm.); aqueous solu- 
 tion, 1-4 : 10,000; dusting-powder, 1 to 2%; 
 ointment, 2 to 10%. 
 
 Pyometra {pi-o-me'-trah) \_pyo-; fiyrpa, womb]. 
 A collection of pus in the uterus. 
 
 Pyonephrosis {pi-o-nef-ro'-sis) [pyo-; vefipoc, 
 kidney]. An accumulation of pus in the 
 pelvis of the kidney. 
 
 Pyoovarium {pi-o-o-va' -re-urn) [pyo-; ovarium, 
 ovary]. Ovarian abscess. 
 
 Pyopericarditis {pi-o-per-e-kar-di'-tis). Sup- 
 purative pericarditis. 
 
 Pyopericardium {pi-o-per-e-kar'-de-um). The 
 presence of pus in the pericardium. 
 
 Pyophthalmia {pi-of-thal'-me-ah) [pyo-; 6(f)- 
 daX/ioc, eye]. Purulent ophthalmia. 
 
 Pyophylactic {pi-o-fil-ak'-tik) [pyo-; fivXaoaecv, 
 to guard]. Protecting against pus. P. Mem- 
 brane, the pyogenic membrane. 
 
 Pyophysometra {pi-o-fi-so-me'-trah) [pyo-; <j>uoa, 
 wind; firjtpa, womb]. The presence of pus 
 and gas in the uterus. 
 
 Pyopneumoperi carditis {pi-o-nu-mo-per-e-kar- 
 di'-tis) [pyo-; nvsupa, air; pericarditis]. Peri- 
 carditis complicated by the presence of pus 
 and gas in the pericardium. 
 
 Pyopneumothorax {pi-o-nu-mo-tho'-raks). An 
 accumulation of air or gas and pus in the 
 pleural cavity. P., Subphrenic, a collection 
 of air and pus beneath the diaphragm. See 
 Pfuhl's Sign. 
 
 Pyopoietic {pi-o-poi-et'-ik) [pyo-; notelv to 
 make]. Secreting pus; suppurative. 
 
 Pyorrhea (pi-or-e'-ah) [pyo-; poca, a flow]. A 
 purulent discharge. 
 
 Pyosalpingooophoritis {pi-o-sal-ping-go-o-of- 
 or-i'-tis) [pyo-; oaXTzcfs, a tube; oophoritis]. 
 Combined suppurative inflammation of the 
 ovary and oviduct. 
 
 Pyosalpinx {pi-o-saV -pinks) [pyo-; aaXrcty^, 
 tube]. An accumulation of pus in the oviduct. 
 
 Pyosis {pi-o'-sis) [izuov, pus]. 1. Suppuration. 
 2. Suppuration of the eye. 
 
 Pyostatic {pi-o-stat'-ik) [pyo-; oratCKoc, caus- 
 ing to stand]. 1. Preventing the formation 
 of pus. 2. An agent arresting the secretion 
 of pus. 
 
 Pyothorax {pi-o-tho'-raks). An accumulation 
 of pus in the pleural cavity; empyema. P., 
 Subphrenic, an abscess beneath the dia- 
 phragm. 
 
 Pyoureter {pi-o-u-re'-ter). An accumulation 
 of pus in a ureter. 
 
 Pyoxanthin, Pyoxanthose {pi-o-zan' -thin, pi- 
 
 o-zan' -thos) [izuov, pus; £avdbc, yellow]. A 
 yellow substance sometimes found in pus, 
 and resulting from the oxidation of pyo- 
 cyanin. 
 
 Pyraloxin {pi-ral-oks'-in). See Pyrogallol, 
 Oxidized. 
 
 Pyramid {pe' '-ram-id) [izupap'cc]. A solid having 
 a polygonal base and triangular planes for 
 its sides, which meet at a point called the 
 apex or vertex. P., Anterior, one of the 
 two pyramidal bundles of white matter on 
 each side of the anterior median fissure of 
 the medulla. P. of the Cerebellum, a conic 
 projection forming the central portion of the 
 inferior vermiform process. P.s of Ferrein. 
 See Ferrein' s Pyramids. P., Malpighian, one 
 of the conic masses composing the medullary 
 substance of the kidney. P. , Posterior, one of 
 the two narrow bundles of white matter placed 
 on each side of the posterior median fissure 
 of the medulla oblongata. They are con- 
 tinuous with the posterior median columns 
 of the spinal cord. P., Renal. See P., 
 Malpighian, and Ferrein' s Pyramids. P., Tem- 
 poral, the petrosa. P., Thyroid. See Lalou- 
 ette's Pyramid. P. 01 the Tympanum, a 
 hollow conic process on the inner wall of 
 the tympanum; the stapedius muscle passes 
 through an aperture at its apex. 
 
 Pyramidal (pe-ram' '-id-al) [pyramid]. Shaped 
 like a pyramid. P. Tract. See Tract, Pyra- 
 midal. 
 
 Pyramidalis {pe-ram-id-a' -lis) . Pyramidal, as 
 pyramidalis muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Pyramidon {pe-ram' -id-on). Dimethylamido- 
 phenyldimethylpyrazolon, a yellowish-white 
 powder, recommended as an antipyretic. 
 Dose 5-8 gr. (0.32-0.51 Gm.) every 2 hours. 
 
 Pyramis {pi' -ram-is). See Pyramid. 
 
 Pyrantin {pi-ran' -tin). See Phenosuccin. P., 
 Soluble, sodium salt of paraethoxylphenyl- 
 succinamic acid. A useful antipyretic. Dose 
 I 5~45 gr- ( x 73 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Pyranum {pi-ra'-num). The sodium salt of 
 
 a combination of benzoic acid, thymol, and 
 
 salicylic acid; used as an antirheumatic and 
 
 analgesic. Dose 7-30 gr. (0.45-2.0 Gm.) 
 
 • 2 or 3 times daily. 
 
 Pyrazin {pi-raz'-in). Antipyrin. P. Hexa- 
 hydrid, piperazin. 
 
 Pyrazol (pi'-raz-dl) [nop, fire; azotum, nitro- 
 gen], C 3 H 4 N 2 , a derivative of pyrrol. It is 
 used as a diuretic. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
 
 Pyrethrum {pi-re' -thrum). Pellitory; the root 
 of Anacyclus pyrethrum, a plant of the order 
 Composites. Pyrethrum is used as a sialagog 
 and masticatory in headache, toothache, and 
 neuralgic affections of the face. It is em- 
 ployed either in powder or in the form of 
 the tincture. P., Tincture of (tinctura pyre- 
 thri, U. S. P.), is never given internally. 
 
 Pyretic {pi-ret'-ik) [zopexbc, fever]. Pertaining 
 to or affected with fever. 
 
 Pyretin {pi'-re-tin) [see Pyretic]. An anti- 
 pyretic said to consist of acetanilid, caffein, 
 sodium bicarbonate, and calcium carbonate. 
 Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 Gm.). 
 
PYRETO- 
 
 812 
 
 PYURIA 
 
 Pyreto- (pi-ret-o-) [nupezoc, fever]. A prefix 
 meaning fever. 
 
 Pyretogenic, Pyretogenous (pi-ret-o j-en'-ik, 
 pi-ret-o]' -en-us) [pyreto-; yevvav, to produce]. 
 Causing or producing fever. 
 
 Pyretogenin (pi-ret-o j'-en-in) [see Pyretogenic]. 
 A substance formed by microorganisms, and 
 said to have the property of producing fever 
 when inoculated into animals. 
 
 Pyretologist (pi-ret-oV '-o-jist) [pyretology]. A 
 specialist in fevers. 
 
 Pyretology (pi-ret-oV-o-je) [pyreto-; Xoyoc, a 
 science]. The science of the nature of fevers. 
 
 Pyretotyposis (pi-ret-o-ti-po' -sis) [pyreto-; zu- 
 7to)Oic, a forming]. Intermittent fever. 
 
 Pyrexia (pi-reks' -e-ah) [nupe^cc, fever]. Eleva- 
 tion of temperature above the normal; fever. 
 
 Pyrexial (pi-reks' -e-al). Pertaining to pyrexia. 
 
 Pyridin (pi'-rid-in) [nup, fire], C 6 H 5 N. A 
 liquid base obtained as a distillation-product 
 from tobacco, coal-tar, and other organic 
 matter, and forming the first of a long and 
 important series of homologous bases. Pyri- 
 din has been used in asthma by inhalation. 
 P. Tricarboxylic Acid, C s H 2 (C0 2 H) 3 N, is 
 antiseptic, antipyretic, antiperiodic, and anti- 
 spasmodic. It has been used in malaria, 
 asthma, and typhoid fever. Dose 2-10 gr. 
 (0.13-0.65 Gm.). 
 
 Pyriform (pi'-rif-orm) [pyrus, pear; forma, 
 a form]. Pear-shaped. 
 
 Pyriformis (pe-rif-orm' -is) . Pyriform, as py- 
 riformis muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Pyro- (pi-ro-) [nup, fire]. A prefix signifying 
 fire or heat. 
 
 Pyroarsenic Acid (pi-ro-ar-sen'-ik) [pyro-; 
 arsenic], H 4 As 2 7 . A tetrabasic acid pro- 
 duced when arsenic is heated to 180 C. 
 
 Pyroboric Acid (pi-ro-bo'-rik) [pyro-; boron], 
 H 2 B 4 O g . A dibasic acid produced by heating 
 boric acid. 
 
 Pyrocatechin (pi-ro-kaf '-e-chin) [pyro-; catechu], 
 C 6 H 6 2 = C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 . Catechol; a crystal- 
 line substance formed by the dry distillation of 
 catechu and sometimes occurring in the urine. 
 It has been used as an antipyretic. Dose 
 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). 
 Pyrodin (pi-ro'-din) [nup, fire], C 6 H 5 . C 2 H 3 0.- 
 N 2 H 2 . Hydracetin; acetylphenylhydrazin; a 
 crystalline, poisonous substance, used as a 
 substitute for chrysarobin in psoriasis and in 
 other cutaneous affections; also as an antipy- 
 retic. Dose J-3 gr. (0.03-0.2 Gm.). 
 Pyroform (pi' -ro- form). Bismuth oxyiodo- 
 pyrogallol; used in skin diseases and said to 
 be less toxic than pyrogallol. 
 Pyrogallic Acid (pi-ro-gal'-ik). See Pyrogallol. 
 Pyrogallol (pi-ro-gal'-ol) [pyro-; galla, galls], 
 C 6 H 3 (On 3 ). Pyrogallic acid; a phenol deriv- 
 ative produced by the action of heat on gallic 
 acid. It is used locally in diseases of the skin. 
 P. -bismuth, a dark-green powder containing 
 equal parts of bismuth and pyrogallol; used 
 as an intestinal disinfectant and wound 
 antiseptic' P., Oxidized, a stable brown 
 or black powder, slightly soluble in water, 
 
 insoluble in alcohol or ether, used as a sub- 
 stitute for pyrogallol as less irritating and only 
 slightly toxic. Dose f-15 gr. (0.05-1.0 Gm.) 
 daily. Ointment in skin diseases 75 gr. 
 (5 Gm.) to 375 gr. (25 Gm.) each of vaselin 
 and lanolin. 
 Pyrogenic (pi-ro-jen'-ik) [pyro-; yevvav, to 
 
 produce]. Producing fever. 
 Pyroligneous (pi-ro-lig' -ne-us) [pyro-; lignum, 
 wood]. Pertaining to the destructive distil- 
 lation of wood. P. Acid, wood-vinegar. 
 See Acid, Pyroligneous. 
 Pyromania (pi-ro-ma' -ne-ah) [pyro-; jiav'ca, 
 madness]. A monomania for incendiarism. 
 Pyrometer (pi-rom' -et-er) [pyro-; p.kzpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 intensity of heat of too high a degree to be 
 estimated by the ordinary thermometer. 
 Pyronyxis (pi-ro-niks'-is) [pyro-; vu^cc, a prick- 
 ing]. Ighipuncture. 
 Pyrophosphoric Acid (pi-ro-fos-for'-ik). See 
 
 Acid, Pyrophosphoric. 
 Pyrosal (pi'-ro-sal). Antipyrin salicylacetate, 
 C 9 H 8 5 C u H 12 N 2 ; antipyretic and anti- 
 neuralgic. Dose 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 2 to 6 times 
 daily. 
 Pyrosis (pi-ro' -sis) [nup, fire]. An affection of 
 the stomach characterized by a burning 
 sensation, accompanied by eructations of an 
 acrid, irritating fluid; heartburn. 
 Pyrosoma bigeminum (pi-ro-so'-mah bi-jem'- 
 in-um) [pyrus, pear; oaJfia, a body]. The 
 parasite which is the cause of Texas fever 
 in cattle. 
 Pyro tic (pi-rot'-ik) [pyrosis]. 1. Inflammable. 
 
 2. Caustic. 
 Pyrotoxin (pi-ro-toks'-in) [pyro-; zo^ckov, a 
 poison]. A toxic agent generated in the 
 course of the febrile process. 
 Pyrotoxina bacterica (pi-ro-toks'-in-ah bak-ter'- 
 ik-ah) [see Pyrotoxin]. A pyogenic sub- 
 stance believed to be produced by many 
 forms of bacteria. 
 Pyroxylin (pi-roks'-il-in) [pyro-; £6\ov, wood]. 
 Gun-cotton; cotton-fiber treated with a 
 mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, by which 
 the cellulose is changed into various nitro- 
 compounds. Soluble gun-cotton (pyroxyli- 
 num, U. S. P.) is used in the preparation of 
 collodion. The explosive gun-cotton is the 
 hexanitrate of cellulose. 
 Pyrozone (pi' -ro -zone). A proprietary pre- 
 paration of hydrogen dioxid, an external an- 
 tiseptic. It is also used externally in a 5 % and 
 a 25% ethereal solution. 
 Pyrrol (pir'-ol) [pyro-; oleum, oil], C 4 H 4 (NH). 
 A liquid base obtained in the distillation of 
 Dippel's oil and other organic substances. 
 P. Tetraiodid. See Iodol. 
 Pythogenic (pi-tho-jen'-ik) [nudecv, to rot; 
 yevvdv, to produce]. Producing or arising 
 from decomposition. P. Fever. Synonym 
 of Typhoid fever. 
 Pyuria (pi-u'-re-ah) [nuov, pus; ohpov, urine]. 
 The passage of urine containing pus. 
 
 8^ 
 
Q. S. 
 
 813 
 
 QUASSIA 
 
 q. s. Abbreviation of quantum sufficit — as 
 much as suffices. 
 
 Quack (kwak). A pretender of medical skill; 
 a vender of nostrums; a medical charlatan. 
 
 Quackery (kwak'-er-e). The practice of medi- 
 cine by a quack. 
 
 Quadrangular (kwod-rang 1 '-gu-lar) [quadrant]. 
 Having four angles, as the quadrangular lobe, 
 the square lobe of the cerebellum. 
 
 Quadrant (kwod'-rant) [see quadratus]. i. 
 The fourth part of a circle, subtending an 
 angle of 90 degrees. 2. One of the four 
 regions into which the abdomen may be di- 
 vided for purposes of physical diagnosis. 
 
 Quadrate (kwod'-rat) [quadrant]. Square; 
 four-sided. Q. Lobule. See Precuneus. 
 
 Quadratus {kwod-ra'-tus) [L.]. Squared; hav- 
 ing four sides. Q. Muscle. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Quadri- (kwod-re-) [L.]. A prefix denoting 
 four or four times.- 
 
 Quadribasic (kwod-re-ba f -sik) [quadri-; basis, 
 base]. In chemistry, applied to an acid 
 having four replaceable hydrogen-atoms. 
 
 Quadriceps (kwod'-re-seps) [quadri-; caput, head]. 
 Four-headed, as a quadriceps muscle. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Quadrigeminal (kwod-re- jem' '-in-aV) [see Quad- 
 rigeminum]. Fourfold; consisting of four 
 parts, as the quadrigeminal bodies. See 
 Corpora quadri gemina. 
 
 Quadrigeminum (kwod-re-jem' -in-um) [quad- 
 rigeminus, fourfold]. One of the corpora 
 quadrigemina. 
 
 Quadrilateral (kwod-re-lat'-er-aV). Having 
 four sides. 
 
 Quadrille (kwod-riV) [Fr.]. An embryologic 
 term designating the complex movement 
 undergone by the dividing centrosomes pre- 
 vious to the formation of the cleavage cen- 
 trosomes. 
 
 Quadriurate (kwod-re-u'-rdt) [quadri-; urate]. A 
 term applied to the hyperacid urate of human 
 urine and the urine of birds and reptiles. 
 The quadriurates have the general formula of 
 MH(C 5 H 2 N 4 3 )H 2 C 5 H 2 N 4 3 . 
 
 Quadrivalent (kwod-riv' -al-ent) [quadri-; va- 
 lere, to be worth]. In chemistry, having a 
 combining power equivalent to that of four 
 hydrogen-atoms. 
 
 Quadruplet (kwod-ru'-plet) [quadruplare, to 
 make fourfold]. Any one of four children 
 born at one birth. 
 
 Quain's Fatty Heart. Fatty degeneration of 
 the cardiac muscular fibers. 
 
 Quaker-button. A popular name for nux 
 vomica. 
 
 Qualitative (kwoV -it-a-tiv) [qualitas, quality]. 
 Pertaining to quality. Q. Analysis. See 
 Analysis, Qualitative. 
 
 Quantitative (kwon'-tit-a-tiv) [quantus, how 
 
 much]. Pertaining to quantity. Q. An- 
 alysis. See Analysis, Quantitative. 
 
 Quantivalence (kwon-tiv' -al-ens) [quantus, how 
 much; valere, to be worth]. The combining 
 power of an element or radicle expressed in 
 terms of the number of atoms of hydrogen with 
 which it will unite. Univalent or monad 
 atoms, as chlorin, are saturated with one 
 atom; bivalent or diad atoms require two; 
 trivalent or triad, as boron, take three; quadri- 
 valent or tetrad, quinquivalent or pentad, 
 sexvalent or hexad, require two, three, four, 
 five, and six atoms of hydrogen respectively. 
 
 Quantum (kwon'-tum) [L.]. As much as. Q., 
 Normal, a constant quantity or standard. 
 
 Quarantine (kwor'-an-ten) [It., quarania, forty]. 
 1. The time (formerly forty days) during which 
 vessels or travelers from ports infected with 
 contagious or epidemic diseases are required 
 by law to remain outside the port of their 
 destination, as a safeguard against the spread- 
 ing of such diseases. 2. The place of 
 detention. 3. The act of detaining vessels or 
 travelers from suspected ports or places for 
 purposes of inspection or disinfection. Q., 
 Land-, the isolation of a person or district 
 on land for purposes similar to those of de- 
 tention of persons arriving at a place by sea. 
 
 Quart (kwort) [quartus, fourth]. The fourth 
 part of a gallon. 
 
 Quartan (kwor'-tan) [quartus]. 1. Recurring 
 on the fourth day. 2. A form of intermittent 
 fever the paroxysms of which occur every 
 fourth day. Q., Double, quartan fever char- 
 acterized by milder and severer paroxysms, 
 each occurring every fourth day. Q. Fever. 
 See Quartan (2). 
 
 Quarter-evil (kwor'-ter-e-viT). A synonym of 
 Black-leg. 
 
 Quartipara (kwor-tip'-ar-ah) [quartus; parere, 
 to bring forth]. A woman in her fourth 
 pregnancy. See Multipara. 
 
 Quartiparous (kwor-tip'-ar-us) [quartipara]. 
 Pregnant four times. 
 
 Quartisternum (kwor-te-ster'-num) [quartus, 
 fourth; sternum]. A part of the sternum 
 having a special center of ossification cor- 
 responding with the fourth intercostal space. 
 
 Quassation (kwas-a'-shun) [quassatio, a shaking 
 or shattering]. The reduction of barks, roots, 
 and other drugs to morsels, in preparation for 
 further pharmaceutic treatment. Syn., Cas- 
 sation. 
 
 Quassia (kwosh'-e-aK) [after Quassi, a negro 
 slave who first used it]. The wood of several 
 trees of the order Simarubacea'. The quassia 
 of the U. S. P. and B. P. is the wood of 
 Picrasma excelsa, known as Jamaica quassia, 
 or of Quassia amara, known as Surinam 
 quassia. It is a simple bitter, and is used 
 in dyspepsia and constipation; in the form 
 
QUASSIN 
 
 814 
 
 QUININ 
 
 of an enema it is employed against seatworms. 
 Q., Extract Of {extractum quassia, U. S. P., 
 B. P.). Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). Q., 
 Fluidextract of {fluidextr -actum quassia, U. 
 S. P.). Dose £-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). Q., Infu- 
 sion of {infusum quassia, B. P.). Dose 2 oz. 
 (60 Cc). Q. f Tincture of {tinctura quassia, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc.). 
 
 Quassin {kwos'-in), C2oH 2 e0 6 (?). The active 
 principle of quassia; very bitter, white crys- 
 tals, soluble in alcohol and chloroform; used 
 as a tonic. Dose 3V - ! gr. (0.002-0.02 Gm.). 
 
 Quaternary {kwa-ter' -na-re) [quaterni, four 
 each]. 1. Consisting of four elements. 2. 
 Fourth in order. 
 
 Quatuor {kwat'-u-or) [L.]. Four. Q. Pills, 
 pills made up of iron sulfate, quinin, aloes, 
 and nux vomica. 
 
 Quebrabunda {ka-brah-bun'-dah) [Port.]. 
 Straddling disease, a tropical disease similar 
 to beriberi which attacks horses and pigs. 
 
 Quebrachamin {ka-brah' -kam-in) . See under 
 Quebracho. 
 
 Quebrachin {ke-brah'-kin). An alkaloid of 
 quebracho (q. v.). It is used internally and 
 hypodermatically in dyspnea. Dose 3-1 \ gr. 
 (0.04-0.1 Gm.). 
 
 Quebracho (ke-brah'-ko) [from Pg. quebra-hacho, 
 ax-breaker]. The name of several hard- 
 wooded trees of South America. The white 
 quebracho {quebracho bianco) is A spidosperma 
 quebracho, of the order Apocynacea. It con- 
 tains the following alkaloids: aspidospermin, 
 C 2 2H 30 N 2 O 2 ; aspidospermatin, C 2 2H 28 N 2 2 ; 
 aspidosamin, C^H^N^O^; quebrachin, C 21 - 
 H 26 N 2 3 , and quebrachamin, C 21 H 26 N 2 3 . It 
 is used in emphysema, bronchitis, and in 
 asthma. See A spidospermin. 
 
 Queen's-deligh^Queen's-root. See Stillingia. 
 
 Quercin {kwer'-sin) [quercus], C c H 6 (OH) 6 . A 
 bitter, crystallizable carbohydrate extracted 
 from acorns and oak-bark. 
 
 Quercitannic Acid (kwer-si-tan' '-ik) [quercus; 
 tannin], C 17 H 16 9 . 
 found in oak-bark. 
 
 Quercite {kwer'-sit) [quercus], C 6 H 7 (OH) 5 . A 
 sweet principle found in acorns. 
 
 Quercitol {kwer'-sit-ol). See Quercite. 
 
 Quercitrin {kwer' -sit-rin) [quercus; citrus, 
 lemon], C 33 H 30 O 17 . A glucosid found in the 
 bark of Quercus tinctoria and in many other 
 plants. 
 
 Quercus {kwer'-kus) [L., "the oak"]. The 
 quercus of the U. S. P. is the dried bark of 
 quercus alba. Q., Fluidextract of (fluid- 
 extractum quercus, U. S. P.). Dose 15 min. 
 (1 Cc). See Oak. 
 
 Quick (kwik) [AS., cwic, alive]. A sensitive, 
 vital, tender part, as the flesh under a nail. 
 
 Quickening {kwik'-en-ing) [see Quick]. The 
 first feeling on the part of the pregnant woman 
 of fetal movements, occurring between the 
 fourth and fifth months of pregnancy. 
 
 Quicklime [quick; lime]. Calcium oxid. See 
 under Lime. 
 
 Quicksilver [quick; silver]. The popular name 
 for mercury. 
 
 Quillaia, Quillaja {kwil-a' -yah) [Chilian, quil- 
 lean, to wash]. A genus of trees of the order 
 Rosacea. The quillaja of the U. S. P. is 
 the dried bark of Quillaja saponaria. It 
 contains saponin and produces a froth when 
 agitated in water. It is used in pulmonary 
 affections and as a sternutatory, and in the 
 arts as a substitute for soap. Syn., Soap- 
 bark. Q., Fluidextract of {fluidextr actum 
 quillaja, U. S. P.). Dose 3 min. (0.2 Cc). 
 Q., Tincture of {tinctura quillaja, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Quill-suture. See Suture, Quill-. 
 
 Quina {kwin'-ah). Same as Cinchona. -Q. 
 calisaya, yellow cinchona bark. Q. colorada, 
 red cinchona bark. 
 
 Quinacetin Sulfate {kwin-as' -et-in) , (C 37 H 31 - 
 N0 2 ) 2 H 2 S0 4 H 2 0. An antipyretic and ano- 
 dyne. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-0.97 Gm.). 
 
 Quinaldin {kwin-aV -din) , C 10 H 9 N. Methyl- 
 quinolin. 
 
 Quinaphenin {kwin-af -en-in) . A white, taste- 
 less powder, obtained by action of quinin on 
 the hydrochlorate of eloxyphenylcarbamic 
 acid. Used in whooping-cough. Dose for 
 young children 1-2 J gr. (0.065-0.16 Gm.) 
 daily; older children 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 Gm.). 
 
 Quinaphthol {kwin-aj'-thol). See Chinaphthol. 
 
 Quina quina {kwin-ah-kwin'-ah). Cinchona. 
 
 Quinaseptol {kwin-ah-sep'-tol). See Diaphtol. 
 Q., Argentic, an odorless, harmless antiseptic 
 and hemostatic which promotes granulation. 
 
 Quinate {kwin' -at). A salt of quinic acid. 
 
 Quince-seed {kwins-sed) . See Cydonium. 
 
 Quincke's Disease. Angioneurotic edema; 
 acute circumscribed edema. Q.'s Pulse, 
 rhythmic reddening and blanching of the 
 finger-nails depending upon oscillations of 
 blood-pressure which are propagated into the 
 capillaries; it is found in aortic insufficiency. 
 Q.'s Spinal Puncture. See Puncture, Lumbar. 
 
 Quinia {kwin' -e-ah) . See Quinin. 
 
 Quinic {kwin'-ik) [Peruvian, kina, bark]. Per- 
 taining to quinin. Q. Acid, C 7 H 12 2 , an 
 acid occurring in cinchona bark, in the ivy, 
 oak, elm, ash, coffee-plant, etc. 
 
 Quinidin {kwin' -id-in) [quinin], C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 . 
 An alkaloid of cinchona bark isomeric with 
 quinin, which it resembles in action, differing 
 only in being less powerful. Q. Sulfate, is 
 used as an antiperiodic in doses of 20-60 gr. 
 (1.3-4.0 Gm.). Q. Tannate, is used in diar- 
 rhea, nephritis, and malaria. Dose 2-12 gr. 
 (0.1-0.8 Gm.) twice daily. 
 
 Quinin {kin-en') [Peruvian, kina, bark], C^- 
 H 24 N 2 2 + 3H 2 0. Quinin {quinina, U. S. P.) 
 is a bitter amorphous or crystalline alkaloid ob- 
 tained from the bark of various species .of 
 cinchona. It is soluble in 900 parts of water, 
 readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloro- 
 form, and gives a beautiful emerald-green 
 color when it or its salts are treated with a 
 solution of chlorin and then with ammonia. 
 Quinin acts as a stimulant to the nervous 
 system, causing in large doses cerebral con- 
 gestion and lessening of the reflexes; it is 
 a slight respiratory stimulant and a depressant 
 
QUININ 
 
 815 
 
 QUINOLIN 
 
 to the circulation; it lessens the ameboid 
 movement of the white corpuscles, and during 
 fever is strongly antipyretic; it also possesses 
 antiseptic properties. In large doses it causes 
 ringing in the ears, a feeling of fulness in 
 the head, dizziness, slight deafness, and at 
 times disturbances of vision; occasionally also 
 a rise of temperature (quinin- fever) . It is 
 used as an antiperiodic in malaria, in which 
 disease it has a specific action; it is also 
 employed as an antipyretic in other febrile 
 affections, as a tonic in convalescence, as a 
 stimulant to the uterus during parturition, 
 in whooping-cough, coryza, and hay-fever. 
 Q. Acetate, C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 . C 2 H 4 2 . Dose 1-15 
 gr. (0.065-1.0 Gm.). Q. Albuminate. Dose 
 1-15 gr. (0.065-1.0 Gm.). Q. Bisulfate 
 (quinince bisidphas, U. S. P.). Dose same 
 as that of the sulfate. Q. Bromate, C^H^- 
 N 2 2 . HBr0 3 , antiseptic and antipyretic. 
 Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). Q. Cam- 
 phorate, (C^H^N-A^ • C 10 H 16 O 4 , antiseptic 
 and antipyretic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 
 Gm.). Q. Carbolate, C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 . QH 6 0, 
 antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 1-30 gr. 
 (0.065-2.0 Gm.). Q. Chlorate, C^H^N-A . - 
 HCIO3 + ifH 2 C», explosive white crystals, 
 soluble in water and alcohol; used in fevers 
 with svmptoms of angina. Q. Chlorophos- 
 phate, CjoE^NjA . HC1 . 2 P0 4 H 3 + 3H2O; 
 used in obstinate cases of malaria. Q. Cin- 
 namate, C^H^NjO;; . C 9 H 8 2 ; antipyretic 
 and antiseptic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 
 Gm.). Q. Citrate, (C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 ) 2 . C„H 8 7 + 
 7H 2 0. Dose 2-20 gr. (0.13-1.3 Gm.). Q. 
 Ethylsulfate, C 22 H 20 N 2 O u , obtained from a 
 hot alcoholic solution of sodium sulfovinate 
 and quinin sulfate; recommended for sub- 
 cutaneous use. Dose 3-8 gr. (0.19-0.52 Gm.). 
 Q. Ferrocyanid, C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 . H 4 Fe(CN)6+ 
 3H 2 0, used in night-sweats of tuberculosis. 
 Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). Q. Formate, 
 C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 . CH 2 2 , used as is the sulfate. 
 Q. Glycerophosphate, (C2oH 24 N 2 2 ) 2 . C 3 H 7 - 
 3 . P0 3 ; used in malaria, neuralgia, etc. 
 Dose 2 gr. (0.1 Gm.). Q. Hydrobromid 
 (quinince hydrobromidum, U. S. P.), C 2o H 24 N 2 - 
 2 . HBr + H 2 0. Used in the same doses 
 as the sulfate. Q. Hydrochlorid (quinince 
 hydraphloridum, U. S. P.), given as is the sul- 
 fate. Q. Hydrochlorosulfate, C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 . - 
 HC1 . H 2 S0 4 + 3H 2 0; for hypodermatic use 
 as causing less pain than any other salt of 
 quinin. Q. Hydroiodate, C^H^N^ . HI, 
 used as a nervous sedative and in neuralgia 
 internally or subcutaneously. Dose 1-1J gr. 
 (0.06-0.1 Gm.). Q. Lygosinate, a combina- 
 tion of quinin and lygosin, a fine, orange- 
 yellow powder. It is bactericide and anti- 
 septic and is used as a dusting-powder. Q. 
 Muriate. See Q. Hydrochlorid. Q. Oleate 
 (oleatum quinince, U. S. P.), a mixture of 
 exsiccated quinin, 1 part, and oleic acid, 3 
 parts; used in the administration of quinin 
 by inunction. Q. Peptonate, a brown pow- 
 der containing 80% of peptone and 20% of 
 quinin; nutrient and tonic. Dose 5-60 gr. 
 
 (0.32-4.0 Gm.). Q. Phenate, Q. Phenolate. 
 See Q. Carbolate. Q. Phosphate, (C 20 H 24 - 
 N 2 2 ) 2 H 3 P0 4 + 8H 2 0, antiperiodic. Dose 
 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). Q. Phthalate, 
 (C2oH 24 N 2 2 )2C 8 H 6 4 ; used as is the sulfate. 
 Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). Q. Quinate, 
 C2oH 24 N 2 2 . C 7 H 12 O e + 2H 2 0; used subcu- 
 taneously. Dose, as the sulfate. Q. Quino- 
 vate, CaoH^NgOa . C^H^O^ (?), antiperiodic. 
 Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). Q. Sac- 
 charate, Q., Saccharinate, C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 . - 
 C 6 H 10 O 8 , antipyretic and antiseptic. Dose 
 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). Q. Salicylate 
 (quinince salicylas, U. S. P.), 2C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 . - 
 C 7 H fi 3 + H 2 0; antiperiodic, and used to 
 relieve the pains of rheumatism and gout. 
 Dose as an antirheumatic 2-10 gr. (0.12- 
 0.6 Gm.). Q. Stearate, C 20 H 22 N 2 O 2 . - 
 C 18 H 36 2 ; used as is the sulfate, but by in- 
 unction. Q. Sulfate (quinince sulphas, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), is the salt most commonly 
 employed. Dose in malaria 5-24 gr. (0.32- 
 1.6 Gm.) before the paroxysms; as a pro- 
 phylactic 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 Gm.); as a tonic 
 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.); in whooping-cough 
 i§gr. (0.1 Gm.) for each year of the child's age, 
 or locally in solution of 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 
 Gm.) to the ounce (32 Cc.) by the atomizer. 
 Q. Sulfochlorhydrate, used by injection in 
 carcinoma. Dose 0.50-0.60 eg. every other 
 day. Q. Sulfocresotate, an intestinal antisep- 
 tic. Q. Sulfoethylate. See Q. Ethylsulfate. 
 Q. Sulfomuriate. See Q. Hydrochlorosulfate. 
 Q. Sulfotartrate, a compound of quinin 
 sulfate and tartaric acid; antipyretic, anti- 
 septic. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065-2.0 Gm.). Q. 
 Sulfovinate. See Q. Ethylsulfate. Q. Tan- 
 nate, used in whooping-cough. Q. Thymate, 
 used as is the sulfate. Dose 1-30 gr. (0.065- 
 2.0 Gm.). Q. and Urea Hydrochlorate, 
 employed chiefly for hypodermatic use. Q.- 
 urethane, a nonirritant compound made by 
 heating 3 parts of quinin hydrochlorid with 
 15 parts of urethane and 3 parts of water; 
 used for intravenous injection. Q. Valerian- 
 ate, used in doses of 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.) 
 in nervous debility and hemicrania. 
 
 Quininism, Quinism (kin-en' '-izm, kin'-izm). 
 Cinchonism. 
 
 Quinochloral (kin-o-klo'-ral). See Chinoral. 
 
 Quinoform (kin' -o- form). See Chinoform. 
 
 Quinoidin (kin-oi'-din). See Chinoidin. Q., 
 Animal-, a basic substance obtained from 
 animal tissues and having the property of 
 fluorescence like quinin. 
 
 Quinol (kin'-ol). See Hydroquinone. 
 
 Quinolin (kin'-o-lin) [quinin], C 9 H 7 N. A liquid 
 alkaloid obtained in the destructive distilla- 
 tion of quinin, or cinchonin, with potassium 
 hydroxid; it occurs also in coal-tar. It is 
 antipyretic and antiseptic. Dose 4-10 min. 
 (0.2-0.6 Cc). Q. -bismuth Sulfocyanate, 
 (CHN . HSCN) 3 Bi(SCN) 3 , a granular, 
 orange-red powder, insoluble in water, 
 alcohol, or ether; melts at 7 6° C. It is used 
 in the treatment of gonorrhea, skin diseases, 
 and ulcers in 0.5 to 1 % solution. Q. 
 
QUINON 
 
 816 
 
 RABID 
 
 Monohypochlorite. See Chinol. Q. Salicy- 
 late, C 9 H 7 N . C 7 H 6 3 , antiseptic and anti- 
 rheumatic. Dose 8-15 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
 Application, 0.7% aqueous solution. Q. 
 Sulfate, C 9 H 7 N . H 2 S0 4 ; antiseptic and used 
 as is quinolin. Q. Tartrate, (C 9 H 7 N) 3 
 (C 4 H 6 6 ) 4 , antipyretic and antiseptic. Dose 
 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). Injection in gonor- 
 rhea, o. 7 % aqueous solution. 
 
 Quinon {kin' -on) [quinin], C 6 H 4 2 . A yellow, 
 crystalline substance obtained by heating 
 quinic acid with manganese dioxid and sul- 
 furic acid. It is the lowest member of a series 
 of bodies known as quinones. 
 
 Quinopyrin {kin-o-pi' -rin) . A concentrated 
 aqueous solution of quinin hydrochlorid 
 and antipyrin, used subcutaneously in malaria. 
 
 Quinosol (kin'-o-sol). 1. C 9 H 6 N . OS0 3 K + 
 H 2 0. Oxyquinolin potassium sulfate, a yel- 
 low powder, soluble in water; antipyretic, 
 antiseptic, styptic, and deodorant. Syn., 
 Chinosol. 2. The proprietary name for a 
 neutral combination of tricresyl sulfonate and 
 quinolin, with tricresol. It is not caustic, and 
 is soluble in water to the extent of 1 in 25. A 
 disinfectant for surgical instruments, and bac- 
 tericide. Application, 0.1 to 2% solutions. 
 
 Quinotannic Acid (kin-o-tan' -ik) [quinin; 
 tannin]. A form of tannic acid found in 
 cinchona bark. 
 
 Quino tropin (kin-ot'-ro-pin). Urotropin qui- 
 nate. 
 
 Quino vin (kin'-o-vin) [Peruvian, kina, bark], 
 CsgH^On. Kinovin, a bitter glucosid found 
 in cinchona bark. 
 
 Quinquaud's Disease. A disease of the hair- 
 follicles attended with cicatrization of the 
 skin. Syn., Acne decalvans; Folliculitis 
 decalvans. Q.'s Panaris, phlegmonous in- 
 flammation of the fingers and toes of neuro- 
 pathic origin, differing from Morvan's dis- 
 ease in that it is painful and never accom- 
 panies paretic phenomena, and ordinarily 
 does not entail necrosis of the phalanges. 
 
 Quinquivalent (kwin-kwiv' -al-ent) [quinque, 
 
 five; valere, to be worth]. Having a valence 
 of five; capable of combining with five atoms 
 of hydrogen or their equivalent. 
 
 Quinsy (kwin'-ze) [<jw, with ; ayizcv, to choke]. 
 Acute inflammation of the tonsils, usually 
 tending to suppuration. 
 
 Quintan {kwin'-tan) [quintus, fifth]. An in- 
 termittent fever, the paroxysms of which 
 recur every four days, i. e., on the fifth, ninth, 
 thirteenth, etc. 
 
 Quintessence {kwin-tes' -ens) [quintus, fifth; 
 essentia, essence]. The active principle of any 
 substance, concentrated to the utmost degree. 
 
 Quintipara (kwin-tip'-ar-ah) [quintus, fifth; 
 parere, to bring forth]. A woman who has 
 been in labor five times. 
 
 Quintisternum (kwin-ti-ster'-num) [quintus, 
 fifth; sternum]. A part of the sternum having 
 a special center of ossification corresponding 
 with the fifth intercostal space. 
 
 Quintuplet (kwin-tu' '-plet) [quintuplex, five- 
 fold]. One of five children born at one time. 
 
 Quionin {ke'-o-nin). "Tasteless quinin." A 
 mixture of cinchona alkaloids, principally 
 cinchonidin. 
 
 Quiz (kwiz) [quceso, I ask]. A recitation, con- 
 ducted by questions and answers, in which 
 the student familiarizes himself with his 
 studies. 
 
 Quizzer {kwiz'-er) [quiz]. One who conducts 
 a quiz. 
 
 Quotidian {kwo-tid' -e-an) [quot, as many as; 
 dies, day]. 1. Recurring every day. 2. An 
 intermittent fever, the paroxysms of which 
 recur daily. Q., Double, a fever having two 
 paroxysms a day, usually differing in character. 
 
 Quotient (kwo'-shent) [quoties, how often]. 
 The result of the process of division. Q., 
 Blood, the result obtained by dividing the 
 quantity of hemoglobin in the blood by the 
 number of erythrocytes, expressed in each 
 case as a percentage of the normal amount. 
 Q., Proteid, the result of dividing the amount 
 of globulin in the blood-plasma by the amount 
 of albumin in it. 
 
 R 
 
 R. The abbreviation of recipe, take; of right, 
 of Reaumur, and of resistance (electric). 
 
 Raabe's Test For Albumin. Place in a test- 
 tube 1 Cc. of the liquid to be tested; on the 
 addition of a small piece of trichloracetic 
 acid a white zone or ring will be formed in 
 the presence of albumin. The ring produced 
 by uric acid is diffused and not sharply de- 
 fined. 
 
 Rabbeting (raV-et-ing) [OF., rabouter, to 
 
 push back]. The interlocking of the broken 
 serrated edges of a fractured bone. 
 
 Rabelaisin (rab-el-a'-is-in). A glucosid from 
 the bark of Lunasia amara, of the Philippine 
 Islands; the bark is used in inflammation of 
 the eye and as an arrow-poison by the Negri- 
 tos. 
 
 Rabic irab'-ik) [rabies]. Pertaining to rabies, as 
 rabic virus. 
 
 Rabid (rab'-id) [rabies]. Affected with rabies 
 
RABIES 
 
 817 
 
 RADIATION 
 
 or hydrophobia; pertaining to rabies, as 
 rabid virus. 
 
 Rabies {rab'-e-ez) [L.]. Lyssa or hydro- 
 phobia. The latter term is generally applied 
 to the human disease consequent upon the 
 bite of a rabid dog or other animal. Rabies 
 is an acute infectious disease of animals 
 dependent upon a specific agent, Bacillus 
 lyssce, and communicable to man by inocula- 
 tion. All animals are liable to the disease, 
 but it occurs most frequently in the wolf, the 
 cat, and the dog, and is chiefly propagated 
 by the latter, which is specially susceptible. 
 The toxin has a special affinity for the nervous 
 system, and is found in the secretions, par- 
 ticularly in the saliva. See Hydrophobia. 
 
 Rabuteau's Test for Hydrochloric Acid in 
 the Contents of the Stomach. Make a 
 solution containing 50 Cc. of starch mucilage, 
 1 Gm. of potassium iodate, and 0.5 Gm. of 
 potassium iodid; add to it the filtered con- 
 tents of the stomach. The solution will be- 
 come blue in the presence of free HC1. 
 
 Racemose (ras'-e-mos) [racemus, a bunch of 
 grapes]. Resembling a bunch of grapes, as 
 a racemose gland. R. Aneurysm, aneurysm 
 by anastomosis. 
 
 Rachi- (ra-ke-) [rachis]. A prefix meaning re- 
 lating to the spine. 
 
 Rachiagra (ra-ke-a'-grah) [rachi-; ay-pa, a 
 seizure]. Gouty or rheumatic pain in the 
 muscles of the spine. 
 
 Rachialgia (ra-ke-al' -je-ah) [rachi-; alyoc, 
 pain]. Neuralgic pain in the spinal 
 column. 
 
 Rachicocainization (ra-ke-ko-ka-in-i-za' '-shun) 
 [rachi-; cocainization]. The induction of an- 
 esthesia by the injection of a solution of co- 
 cain hydrochlorid into the subarachnoid space 
 by means of a lumbar puncture. 
 
 Rachidial (ra-kid' -e-al) [rachis]. Pertaining 
 to the spine. 
 
 Rachidian {ra-kid' -e-an) [see Rachidial]. 
 Spinal; vertebral. 
 
 Rachilysis (ra-kW -is-is) [rachi-; Xuocc, a 
 loosening]. A method of correcting lateral 
 curvature of the spine by appropriate traction 
 and pressure. 
 
 Rachiocampsis (ra-ke-o-kamp' '-sis) [rachi-; 
 Kafi<l>cc, a curving]. Curvature of the spine. 
 
 Racniochysis (ra-ke-ok' -is-is). See Hydro- 
 rachis. 
 
 Rachiodynia (ra-ke-o-din' '-e-ah) [rachi-; ddovq, 
 pain]. Spasmodic pain in the spinal column. 
 
 Rachioplegia {ra-ke-o-ple' -je-ah) [rachi-; ttAtjpj, 
 stroke]. Spinal paralysis; paraplegia. 
 
 Rachiotomy (ra-ke-of -o-me) [rachi-; ri/ivecv, 
 to cut]. 1. The operation of cutting into or 
 through the vertebral column. 2. The opera- 
 tion of cutting through the spine of the fetus 
 to facilitate delivery. 
 
 Rachipagus (ra-kip'-ag-us) [rachi-; nayoc, 
 that which is fixed]. A twin monster joined 
 at the spines. 
 
 Rachis (ra'-kis) [pax<c, the spine]. The 
 vertebral column. 
 
 Rachischisis {ra-kis' -Hs-is) . See Spina bifida, 
 53 
 
 Rachitic (ra-kit'-ik) [rachitis]. Affected with, 
 resembling, or produced by rachitis; rickety. 
 R. Rosary, the row of nodules appearing 
 on the ribs, at their junction with the carti- 
 lages, in rachitis. 
 
 Rachitis (ra-ki'-tis) [rachi-; cnc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Rickets, a constitutional disease of 
 infancy, characterized by impaired nutrition 
 and changes in the bones, the symptoms being 
 a diffuse soreness of the body, slight fever, 
 and profuse sweating about the head and 
 neck, and changes in the osseous system, 
 consisting in a thickening of the epiphyseal 
 cartilages and periosteum and a softening of 
 the bones. Through the action of the 
 muscles on the soft bones various deformities 
 are produced, while the periosteal hyperplasia 
 leads to nodular hyperostoses, especially 
 about the head, giving the latter a square 
 appearance (caput quadratum). Dentition 
 and closure of the fontanels are delayed. 
 Nervous symptoms are often present, as 
 feverishness, laryngismus stridulus, and con- 
 vulsions. The liver and spleen are usually 
 enlarged. The etiology is obscure — it has 
 been ascribed to deficiency in the earthy 
 salts, to defect in the osteoblasts, and to 
 microorganismal infection. R. adultorum, 
 osteomalacia; mollities ossium. 
 
 Rachitism (ra'-kit-izm). Rachitis. 
 
 Rachitol (ra' -kit-ol) . An extract of suprarenal 
 glands ; used in the treatment of rachitis. 
 
 Rachitome {ra'-kit-dm) [rachi-; zipvecv, to 
 cut]. An instrument for opening the spinal 
 canal. 
 
 Rachitropacocainization (ra-ke-tro-pa-ko-ka- 
 in-i-za' -shun) . Subarachnoid cocainization 
 by means of tropacocain. 
 
 Radal {ra'-dal). A 20% solution of protargol; 
 used as a prophylactic in gonorrhea. 
 
 Radesyge (rah-da-se'-ge) [Norwegian]. A dis- 
 ease also known as Scandinavian syphilis, 
 or Norwegian leprosy, and characterized by 
 ulceration and other cutaneous lesions. It 
 is probable that under this name are included 
 syphilitic and leprous lesions. 
 
 Radiad (ra' -de-ad) [radius, a spoke; ad, to- 
 ward]. Toward the radial side. 
 
 Radial (ra'-de-al) [radius]. 1. Radiating; di- 
 verging from a common center. 2. Pertain- 
 ing to or in relation with the radius or bone 
 of the forearm, as the radial artery. 
 
 Radiant {ra' -de-ant) [radius]. 1. Radiate. 2. 
 Emitting rays. R. Energy, a form of energy 
 emitted by all bodies in proportion to their 
 temperature, and propagated by undulations 
 in the luminiferous ether. When the body 
 reaches 6oo° C, it begins to radiate light as 
 well as heat. That portion of radiant energy 
 which does not produce the sensation of light 
 is generally spoken of as radiant heat, in dis- 
 tinction from radiant light. 
 
 Radiate (ra'-de-at) [see Radiation]. Diverging 
 from a central point. 
 
 Radiation (ra-de-a' -shun) [radiare, to radi- 
 ate]. 1. The act of radiating or diverging 
 from a central point, as radiation of light; 
 
RADICAL 
 
 8 IS 
 
 RAISINS 
 
 divergence from a center; having the appear- 
 ance of rays. 2. In cerebral anatomy, 
 certain groups of fibers that diverge after 
 leaving their place of origin. R., Optic, a 
 large strand of fibers continuous with those 
 of the corona radiata, derived mainly from 
 the pulvinar, the external and internal genicu- 
 late bodies, and the optic tract, and radiating 
 into the occipital lobes. R., Striothalamic, 
 a system of fibers connecting the corpus 
 striatum with the optic thalamus and the 
 subthalamic region. R., Tegmental, the 
 radiating fibers of the hind portion of the 
 internal capsule. R., Thalamic, certain 
 tracts of fibers from the optic thalami that 
 radiate into the hemispheres. 
 
 Radical {rad'-ik-al) [radix, a root]. 1. Be- 
 longing to the root; going to the root, or 
 attacking the cause of a disease, as a radical 
 operation. 2. See Radicle (2). 
 
 Radicle {rad'-ik-l) [dim. of radix]. 1. A 
 little root, as the radicle of a nerve, one of the 
 ultimate fibrils of which a nerve is composed; 
 radicle of a vein, one of the minute vessels 
 uniting to form a vein. 2. An atom or group 
 of atoms constituting the essential part of 
 the molecule of a compound; a group of 
 atoms that remain intact in the ordinary 
 decomposition of the molecule; especially 
 a group of atoms that acts in combination as 
 a simple element, but is incapable of existence 
 in the free state, as NH 4 , ammonium, C 6 H 5 , 
 phenyl. R.S, Acid, a group of nonmetallic 
 atoms, especially one containing carbon, 
 which may in many reactions remain unaltered 
 and pass from one compound to another. 
 R., Alcohol, one that forms an alcohol when 
 combined with the elements of water. R., 
 Alkali, one that produces an alkali when sub- 
 stituted for an atom of hydrogen in water. 
 
 Radiculalgia {rad-ik-u-laV -je-ah) [radicula, a 
 little root; aXyoc, pain]. Neuralgia affecting 
 the nerve-roots. 
 
 Radicular {rad-ik'-u-lar). Pertaining to a 
 root or to a radicle; specifically, pertaining 
 to the roots of the spinal nerves. 
 
 Radio- (ra-de-o-) [radiare, to emit rays]. 1. A 
 prefix meaning pertaining to radiant energy 
 or to radium. 2. A prefix meaning relating 
 to the radius. 
 
 Radioactive {ra-de-o-ak' -tiv) [radio-; active]. 
 Exhibiting radiant energy. 
 
 Radioactivity {ra-de-o-ak-tiv'-it-e). The pro- 
 perty of exhibiting radiant energy. 
 
 Radiobicipital {ra-de-o-bi-sip'-it-al) [radio-; 
 biceps]. Pertaining to the radius and the 
 biceps. 
 
 Radiocarpal {ra-de-o-kar' -pal) [radio-; carpus]. 
 Pertaining to the radius and the carpus. 
 
 Radiochronometer {ra-de-o-kro-nom' -et-er) [ra- 
 dio-; chronometer]. An instrument for test- 
 ing the character of roentgen-tubes. 
 
 Radiode (ra'-de-od) [radio-; odoc, a way]. 
 An electric attachment for the application of 
 radium. 
 
 Radiodermatitis {ra-de-o-der-mat-i'-tis). See 
 A ctinodermatitis. 
 
 Radiodiagnosis ira-de-o-di-ag-no' -sis) [radio-; 
 diagnosis]. The diagnosis of a lesion, by 
 means of radiography or radioscopy. 
 
 Radiodigital (ra-de-o-dij'-it-al) [radio-; digi- 
 tal]. Pertaining to the radius and the fingers. 
 
 Radiograph (ra' ' -de-o-graf) [radio-; fpafetv, to 
 write]. The picture obtained by action of 
 radiant energy upon a sensitive plate. 
 
 Radiography \ra-de-og'-ra-)e). See Skiagraphy. 
 
 Radiohumeral {ra-de-o-hu' -mer-aV) [radio-; hu- 
 merus]. Pertaining to the radius and the 
 humerus. 
 
 Radiology {ra-de-ol'-o-je) [radio-; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of radiant energy. 
 
 Radiolus (ra-de'-o-lus) [dim. of radius, a ray]. 
 A probe or sound. 
 
 Radiometer (ra-de-om 1 '-et-er) [radio-; jikxpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for testing the 
 penetration in radiography; a skiameter. 
 
 Radiomuscular (ra-de-o-mus'-ku-lar) [radio-; 
 muscle]. Relating to the radius and the mus- 
 cles of the forearm. 
 
 Radiopalmar {ra-de-o-paV -mar) [radio-; palm]. 
 Pertaining to the radius and the palm. 
 
 Radiopraxis (ra-de-o-praks' -is) [radio-; Tipd^cc, 
 action; practice]. The art of applying radi- 
 ant energy either in therapeutics or for other 
 purposes. 
 
 Radioscopy (ra-de-os'-ko-pe) [radio-; o/ionslv, 
 to view]. The process of securing an image 
 of an object upon a fluorescent screen by 
 means of radiant energy. 
 
 Radiotherapeutic (ra-de-o-ther-ap-u'-tik) [ra- 
 diotherapy]. Having reference to the ther- 
 apeutic use of radiant energy. 
 
 Radiotherapy (ra-de-o-ther'-a-pe). The treat- 
 ment of disease by means of radiant energy. 
 
 Radioulnar {ra-de-o-uV -nar) [radio-; ulna]. 
 Pertaining to the radius and ulna. 
 
 Radium (ra'-de-um) [radiare, to emit rays]. 
 An elementary body from pitch-blende, 
 characterized by the phenomenon radioacti- 
 vity. It is obtained by the fractional re- 
 precipitation or recrystallization of the barium 
 chlorid prepared from pitch-blende. 
 
 Radius {ra'-de-us) [L., "a spoke of a wheel"]. 
 1. A ray. 2. The outer of the two bones of 
 the forearm. 
 
 Radix (ra'-diks) [L.]. A root. 
 
 Radzyge {rad-zi'-ge). See Radesyge. 
 
 Rag-picker's Disease. An acute febrile dis- 
 ease occurring in workmen engaged in sorting 
 rags in paper-factories. It is supposed to be 
 due to the inhalation of anthrax bacilli or 
 spores, and is characterized by an exudation 
 into the pulmonary tissue, bronchial glands, 
 and pleural cavity. Syn., Hadernkrankheit. 
 
 Railway Sickness. See Car-sickness. R.- 
 spine, a term given by Erichsen to a varied 
 group of spinal symptoms consequent on 
 slight injuries or concussions received in rail- 
 way accidents. The condition is classed 
 with the traumatic neuroses and is a form 
 of neurasthenia. It is frequently a cause for 
 litigation. See Erichsen's Disease. 
 
 Rainey's Capsules. See Miescher's Tubes, 
 
 Raisins {ra'-zins). Dried grapes. 
 
RALE 
 
 819 RAMINI'S TEST FOR FORMALDEHYD 
 
 Rale (rahl) [Fr., rdler, to rattle]. An adventi- 
 tious sound heard over the chest during respi- 
 ration and indicating some local disturbance. 
 Rales are either dry or moist (produced by 
 the bubbling of air through liquid), sonorous 
 or sibilant. They are also classified according 
 to their place of production into laryngeal, 
 tracheal, bronchial, vesicular, cavernous, pleu- 
 ral, pericardial. R., Amphoric, a large, 
 musical, tinkling rale, heard in inspiration and 
 expiration, in tuberculous and abscess cavi- 
 ties; produced by movement of air in a tense- 
 walled cavity containing air and communicat- 
 ing with a bronchus. R., Bubbling, Large, 
 a moist rale, larger than the medium bubbling, 
 heard in inspiration and expiration in bron- 
 chitis and pulmonary engorgement; pro- 
 duced by passage of air through frothy mucus 
 in the trachea and larger bronchi. R., 
 Bubbling, Medium, a moist rale larger than 
 the small bubbling, heard in inspiration and 
 expiration in capillary bronchitis, especially 
 in children; produced by the passage of air 
 through mucus in the larger tubes. R., 
 Bubbling, Small, a small, moist rale, sound- 
 ing like the bursting of small bubbles, heard 
 in inspiration and expiration in capillary 
 bronchitis, especially in children; produced 
 by the passage of air through mucus in the 
 bronchioles. R., Cavernous, a hollow, 
 metallic rale, heard in inspiration and ex- 
 piration in the third stage of pulmonary 
 tuberculosis; produced by the passage of air 
 through a small cavity with flaccid walls that 
 collapse with expiration. R., Clicking, a 
 small, sticky rale heard in inspiration in the 
 early stage of pulmonary tuberculosis; caused 
 by passage of air through softening material 
 in the smaller bronchi. R., Consonating, 
 a bright, clear, ringing rale, heard in inspira- 
 tion and expiration in tuberculous pneumonia; 
 produced when the bronchial tubes are sur- 
 rounded by consolidated tissue. R., Crack- 
 ling, Dry, a sharp, short, clicking rale, heard 
 in' inspiration in the second or softening stage 
 of pulmonary tuberculosis and in pulmonary 
 gangrene; produced by the breaking down 
 of lung tissue. R., Crackling, Large, a 
 dry rale larger than the medium crackling, 
 heard in inspiration and expiration, in pul- 
 monary tuberculosis and pneumonia, after 
 the formation of small cavities; produced by 
 fluid in very small cavities. R., Crackling, 
 Medium, a dry rale, larger than the small 
 crackling, heard chiefly in inspiration, in 
 softening of tuberculous deposit or pneumonic 
 exudation; caused by fluid in the finer bron- 
 chi. R., Crackling, Small, a small, dry 
 rale, sounding like the breaking of small 
 shells, heard chiefly in inspiration, in soften- 
 ing of tuberculous deposit or pneumonic 
 exudation; produced by fluid in the finer 
 bronchi. R., Crepitant, a small rale, sound- 
 ing like the rubbing of hair between the 
 fingers, heard at the end of inspiration in 
 pneumonia, early stage, edema of the lungs, 
 hypostatic pneumonia; localized in pul- 
 
 monary tuberculosis. Produced by the pas- 
 sage of air into vesicles, collapsed or contain- 
 ing fibrinous exudation; usually at the base 
 of the lungs. R., Dry, a large and sonor- 
 ous, or small and hissing or whistling rale 
 heard in inspiration and expiration in bron- 
 chitis and asthma, localized in beginning 
 pulmonary tuberculosis ; produced by narrow- 
 ing of the bronchial tubes from thickening 
 of the mucous lining, from spasmodic con- 
 traction of the muscular coat, viscid mucus 
 within, or pressure from without. R., Ex- 
 trathoracic, one produced in the trachea 
 or larynx. R., Friction, a grazing, rubbing, 
 grating, creaking, or crackling rale heard in 
 inspiration and expiration, most distinct at 
 the end of inspiration, in pleurisy and peri- 
 carditis; produced by the rubbing together 
 of serous surfaces, roughened by inflammation 
 or deprived of their natural secretion. R., 
 Gurgling, a moist rale, larger than the large 
 bubbling, sounding like the bursting of large 
 bubbles, heard in inspiration and expiration 
 in pulmonary tuberculosis after the formation 
 of large cavities. R., Guttural, one pro- 
 duced in the throat. R., Moist, one pro- 
 duced by the passage of air through bronchi 
 containing fluid. R., Mucous (of Laennec), 
 a modification of the subcrepitant rale, heard 
 in inspiration and expiration in pulmonary 
 emphysema; produced by viscid bubbles 
 bursting in the bronchial tubes. R. redux, 
 a crackling, unequal rale, heard in inspiration 
 and expiration in the resolution stage of pneu- 
 monia; produced by the passage of air 
 through fluid in a bronchial tube. Syn., Rale 
 de retour. R., Sibilant, a high-pitched 
 and even hissing or piping rale, heard in 
 inspiration and expiration in bronchitis, 
 asthma, and localized in beginning pul- 
 monary tuberculosis; produced by narrowing 
 of the smaller bronchi from viscid mucus 
 adhering to the walls, from thickening of the 
 lining membrane, or spasmodic contraction. 
 R., Sonorous, a low-pitched, snoring rale, 
 heard in inspiration and expiration, most 
 frequently in bronchitis and spasmodic 
 asthma; produced by lessened caliber of the 
 larger bronchi, from spasm, tumefaction of 
 mucous lining, or external pressure. R., 
 Subcrepitant, a small, moist rale heard in 
 inspiration and expiration in capillary bron- 
 chitis; produced by the passage of air through 
 mucus in the capillary bronchial tubes. R., 
 Subcrepitant, Hirtz's, a moist, metallic rale, 
 pathognomonic of tuberculous softening. 
 
 Ramal [ra'-mat) [ramus, a branch]. Pertaining 
 to a ramus. Ramalis vena, the portal vein 
 and its branches. 
 
 Ramification (ram-if-ik-a' '-shun) [ramus; fa- 
 cere, to make], i. The act or state of branch- 
 ing. 2. A branch. 
 
 Ramify (ram'-e-fi) [see Ramification]. To 
 form branches; to branch. 
 
 Ramini's Test for Formaldehyd. Add i 
 Cc. of a i % solution of phenylhydrazin 
 hydrochlorate and 3 or 4 drops of freshly 
 
RAMOLISSEMENT 
 
 820 
 
 RASURA 
 
 prepared sodium nitroprussiate solution to 
 15 Cc. liquid, then make alkaline with con- 
 centrated NaOH, and warm. In the presence 
 of formaldehyd, milk thus tested turns blue 
 to ash-gray, changing after fifteen minutes to 
 red. 
 
 Ramolissement (rah-mo-les-mon (g)) [Ft.]. 
 Morbid softening of any tissue or part. 
 
 Ramon y Cajal's Cells. Fusiform or trian- 
 gular ganglion-cells lying near the surface of 
 the cerebral cortex and giving off branched 
 processes parallel to it. 
 
 Ramose (ra'-moz) [ramus]. Having many 
 branches; branching. 
 
 Ramus (ra'-mus) [L.; pi., rami]. 1. A branch, 
 especially of a vein, artery, or nerve. 2. A slen- 
 der process of bone projecting like a branch or 
 twig from a large bone, as the ramus of the 
 lower jaw; ascending ramus of the ischium; 
 ascending or horizontal ramus of the pubes. 
 R. communicans, a branch of a spinal nerve 
 connecting it with the sympathetic ganglions. 
 
 Rancid (ran'-sid) [rancidus, soUr]. Having a 
 rank or musty smell or taste; a term applied 
 to fats and oils that have undergone decom- 
 position with the development of volatile 
 principles. 
 
 Rancidity {ran-sid' -it-e) [rancid]. The state 
 of being rancid. 
 
 Range [ran]) [Fr., ranger, to dispose]. Scope; 
 extent. R. of Accommodation. See Ac- 
 commodation, Range of Relative. 
 
 Ranine (ra'-nen) [rana, a frog]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to a frog. 2. Pertaining to a ranula or 
 to the region in which a ranula occurs, as 
 ranine artery. 
 
 Ranula (ran'-u-lah) [rana, a frog]. A cystic 
 tumor beneath the tongue, due to the occlu- 
 sion of the duct of the sublingual or submax- 
 illary gland, or of a mucous gland of the floor 
 of the mouth. Syn., Frog-tongue. 
 
 Ranunculus {ra-nung' -ku-lus) [L.]. A genus 
 of acrid herbs. Many of the species are poi- 
 sonous and have been used as counterirri- 
 tants and vesicants. R. acris is very irritant 
 and causes erythema aestivum. 
 
 Ranvier's Accessory Plexus (ron(g)-ve-dz). 
 The superficial stroma plexus of the cornea. 
 R.'s Crosses, black, crucial figures seen at 
 Ranvier's nodes on staining with silver 
 nitrate. The transverse branch of the cross 
 is represented by the line of constriction, and 
 the longitudinal branch by the axis-cylinder. 
 R.'s Nodes, annular constrictions of the 
 neurilemma, with discontinuity of the medul- 
 lary sheath of the nerve-fiber. R.'s Tactile 
 Discs, nerve-endings consisting of small, cup- 
 shaped bodies, the concave side of which is 
 directed toward the free surface of the epi- 
 dermis. 
 
 Rape (rap) [rapere, to seize]. Sexual inter- 
 course without consent. 
 
 Raphania (raf-a'-ne-ah) [pa<f>av'cc, radish]. A 
 nervous affection attended with spasmodic 
 disorder of the joints and the limbs. It has 
 been attributed to a poisonous principle in 
 the seeds of the wild radish, which become 
 
 mixed with grain.* The affection is allied to 
 ergotism and pellagra. 
 
 Raphe (raf'-a) [pa<j>7j, a seam]. A seam or 
 ridge, especially one indicating the line of 
 junction of two symmetric halves. 
 
 Raptus (rap'-tus) [rapere, to seize]. Any 
 sudden attack or seizure; rape. 
 
 Rarefaction (rar-e-fak'-shun) [rarus, thin; 
 rare; facere, to make]. The act of rarefying 
 or of decreasing the density of a substance, 
 especially the air. R. of Bone, the process 
 of rendering bone more porous. 
 
 Rarefy (rar'-e-fi) [see Rarefaction]. To make 
 less dense or more porous. 
 
 Rarefying Osteitis. See Osteoporosis. 
 
 Rasceta (ras'-e-tah) [L.]. The transverse 
 lines or creases on the inner side of the 
 wrist. 
 
 Rasch's Sign. Fluctuation obtained by apply- 
 ing two fingers of the right hand to the cervix, 
 as in ballottement, and steadying the uterus 
 through the abdomen with the left hand. It 
 depends upon the presence of the liquor 
 amnii, and is an early sign of pregnancy. 
 
 Rash [OF., rasche, from radere, to scrape]. 
 A superficial eruption of the skin or mucous 
 membrane. R., Amygdalotomy, one that 
 generally appears on the second or third day 
 after the operation, on the neck, chest, or 
 abdomen. R., Caterpillar-, a localized erup- 
 tion attributed to the irritant action of the 
 hairs of certain caterpillars. R., Drug-, 
 one produced by drugs. R., Medicinal. 
 See R., Drug-. R., Mulberry-, an eruption 
 resembling an exanthem of measles, some- 
 times occurring in typhus. R., Nettle-. See 
 Nettlerash. R., Rose-. See Roseola. R., 
 Scarlet. See Scarlatina. R., Tonsillotomy. 
 See R., Amygdalotomy. R., Tooth-, any rash 
 attributed to dentition. 
 
 Rasion (ra'-zhun) [radere, to scrape]. The 
 scraping of drugs with a file. 
 
 Rasmussen's Aneurysm. Dilation of an 
 artery in a tuberculous cavity; its rupture 
 is a frequent cause of hemorrhage. R.'s 
 Test for Urobilin, shake together thor- 
 oughly equal parts of urine and ether to which 
 has been added 6 or 7 drops of tincture of 
 iodin. Allow it to stand until the solution 
 separates into an upper layer of ether and 
 iodin and a lower one of urine. In the pres- 
 ence of bile the lower layer turns green if bili- 
 verdin also exists. 
 
 Raspail's Reaction for Albumins. These 
 are colored red by sugar and concentrated 
 sulfuric acid. 
 
 Raspatory (ras'-pa-to-re) [raspatorium, from 
 radere, to scrape]. A rasp or file for trimming 
 the rough surfaces of bones or for removing 
 the periosteum. 
 
 Raspberry (raz'-ber-e). The fruit of Rubus 
 idceus, a plant of the order Rosacea. A 
 syrup is used as a vehicle and as a drink in 
 fevers. 
 
 Rasura (ra-zu'-rah) [L.]. 1. The process of 
 rasping, shaving, or scraping. 2. Scrapings; 
 filings, 
 
RATANY 
 
 821 
 
 RAYNAUD'S DISEASE 
 
 Ratany, Ratanhia {rat'-an-e, rat-an'-he-ah). 
 See Krameria. 
 
 Rathke's Duct {rat'-kaz). See Duct, Rathke's. 
 R.'s Folds, two projecting folds of the fetal 
 mesoderm which are placed between the orifice 
 of the intestine and the allantois and unite 
 in the median line to form Douglas' septum. 
 R.'s Glands. See Jacobson's Organ. R.'s 
 Pouch, in the embryo, the diverticulum of 
 the pharyngeal membrane which is connected 
 with the midbrain, and ultimately forms the 
 anterior lobe of the hypophysis. 
 
 Rational {ra'-shon-al) {ratio, reason]. Based 
 upon reason; reasonable. In therapeutics, 
 opposed to empiric. R. Formula. See For- 
 mula, Constitutional. R. Symptoms, the 
 symptoms elicited by questioning the patient, 
 as opposed to those ascertained by physical 
 examination. 
 
 Ratsbane {ratz'-ban). i. Arsenic trioxid. 2. 
 A name given to any rat-poison containing 
 arsenic. 
 
 Rattle {rat' 4) [AS., hrceteldn, to rattle]. A 
 rale. R., Death-, a gurgling sound observed 
 in dying persons, due to the passage of the air 
 through mucus in the trachea. 
 
 Rau's Process. See Folian Process. 
 
 Rauber's Layer. A superficial stratum of flat 
 cells occurring in the center of the embryonal 
 spot at an early stage in the development of 
 the blastodermic membranes. 
 
 Rauschbrand. The German name for black- 
 leg- 
 
 Ray (ra) [radius, a ray]. 1. A beam of light 
 or heat; one of the component elements of 
 light or heat. 2. One of a number of lines 
 diverging from a common center. R.S, 
 Actinic. See R.s, Chemic. R.s, Alpha-, 
 rays discovered by Rutherford, emanating 
 from uranium, thorium, and radium, and 
 differing from kathode rays in having much 
 less penetrating power and in not being 
 deviated ordinarily either by .a magnet or 
 an electrically charged body. R.s, Becque- 
 rel, invisible radiations of electrified particles 
 or ions projected from radioactive bodies, 
 such as uranium, radium, polonium, or their 
 salts, without evident cause, and persisting 
 over long periods. R.s, Beta-, Rutherford's 
 name for the kathode rays emitted by radio- 
 active substances. They differ from the 
 alpha-rays in greater penetrating power, 
 weaker electric power, and in carrying a 
 negative charge. R.s, Chemic, solar rays 
 that produce chemic change. See Photother- 
 apy. R.s, Diakathodic, bluish rays ob- 
 tained by directing the ordinary kathode rays 
 upon a piece of wire gauze or upon a spiral 
 of wire which is itself negatively electrified. 
 They are not directly affected by a • mag- 
 net. R. -fungus. See Actinomyces. R.s, 
 Gamma-, a type of Becquerel rays more 
 highly penetrating than the alpha-rays and 
 beta-rays, but insignificant in energy com- 
 pared with them. R.s, Goldstein, kathode 
 rays which have been altered by being passed 
 through a perforated metallic plate. R.s, 
 
 Hard, roentgen rays coming from a tube the 
 exhaustion of which is sufficient to cause a 
 considerable difference in the potential be- 
 tween the kathode and the anode and in 
 the velocity of the kathode rays. They have 
 high penetrating powers. Cf. R.s, Soft. 
 R.s, Kathode, the stream of negatively elec- 
 trified particles emanating from the kathode 
 of a Crookes tube and passing in straight lines 
 regardless of the anode. They are capable 
 of deflection with a magnet and produce 
 fluorescence and heat wherever they impinge. 
 R., Medullary, of the Kidney, any one of 
 the bundles of tubules that are the continua- 
 tion into the cortex of the malpighian pyra- 
 mids. R.S, N-, a form of ether-waves dis- 
 covered by Blondlot (1903) and named after 
 the initial letter of Nancy, in the university 
 of which his researches were conducted. 
 They increase the brightness of an electric 
 spark or the luminosity of phosphorescent 
 bodies; they are emitted by the roentgen-ray 
 tube, by an Auer-Welsbach incandescent 
 gas-mantle, by the ordinary gas-flame, but 
 not by a Bunsen burner; the sun emits these 
 in abundance, as does the Nernst lamp. 
 Compression, torsion, and strain of many 
 solids will cause the emission of the rays; 
 living bodies, plants, and animals emit them. 
 R.s, Photographic. See R.s, Ultraviolet. 
 R.s, Positive. See R.s, Goldstein. R.s, 
 Roentgen-, the ether-rays or waves dis- 
 covered by Roentgen, of Wiirzburg, and 
 named by him #-rays. A vacuum-tube of 
 glass (called a Geissler tube, a Hittorf or a 
 Crookes tube) is used with two wires sealed 
 through the glass. These wires are con- 
 nected with the two poles of a battery, and 
 Roentgen found that the rays from the 
 kathode {kathode rays) had peculiar penetra- 
 tive powers through matter opaque to other 
 ether-rays, and that by means of these rays 
 photographs {"shadowgrams") may be taken 
 of bones, metallic substances, etc., situated 
 in the tissues; they readily traverse living 
 tissues and influence the nutrition of the 
 deeper ones; they have no appreciable effect 
 on the vitality of bacteria. Herz, and es- 
 pecially Lenard, prior to Roentgen, had dis- 
 covered this penetrating power of the kathode 
 rays, but failed to make the application 
 suggested by Roentgen. R.s, Soft, rays 
 coming from a tube the pressure in which 
 is fairly low; they are readily absorbed. Cf. 
 R.s, Hard. R.s, Ultraviolet, waves of the 
 luminiferous ether which do not affect the 
 retina. They can be reflected, refracted, and 
 polarized; they will not traverse many bodies 
 that are pervious to the rays of the visible 
 spectrum; they produce photographic and 
 photochemic effects, and, destroy rapidly the 
 vitality of bacteria. Syn., Actinic rays; 
 Photographic rays. -R.s, Uranium. See 
 R.s, Becquerel. R.s, X-. See R.s, Roentgen. 
 
 Ray's Mania. Moral insanity, regarded by 
 Ray as a distinct form of mental disorder. 
 
 Raynaud's Disease {ra-no). 1. A trophoneu- 
 
RE- 
 
 822 
 
 REAUMUR'S THERMOMETER 
 
 rosis characterized by three grades of inten- 
 sity: (a) Local syncope, observed most fre- 
 quently in the extremities, and producing the 
 condition known as dead fingers or dead toes. 
 (6) Local asphyxia, which usually follows 
 local syncope, but may develop independently. 
 The fingers, toes, and ears are the parts 
 usually affected. In the most extreme 
 degree the parts are swollen, stiff, and livid, 
 and the capillary circulation is almost stag- 
 nant, (c) Local or symmetric gangrene. 
 Small areas of necrosis appear on the pads of 
 the fingers and of the toes, also at the edges 
 of the ears and tip of the nose. Occasionally 
 symmetric patches are seen on the limbs 
 or trunk, and in severe cases terminate in ex- 
 tensive gangrene. Some cases are attended 
 by hemoglobinuria. The pathology of the 
 disease is obscure. 2. Paralysis of the 
 muscles of the throat following parotitis. 
 R.'s Gangrene. See R.'s Disease (1). 
 
 Re-. A Latin prefix signifying back or again. 
 
 Reaction (re-ak' '-shun) [re, again; agere, 
 to act]. 1. Counteraction; opposite action; 
 interaction. 2. The response of an organ 
 or part to a stimulus. 3. In chemistry — (a) 
 interaction of two or more substances when 
 brought in contact; (b) the response to a 
 certain test, as acid reaction, alkaline reaction, 
 responding to the test for acid and alkali 
 respectively. R., Addition, the direct union 
 of two or more molecules to form a new mole- 
 cule. R., Amphigenous, R., Amphoteric, 
 a double reaction occurring occasionally in the 
 urine, owing to the presence of substances by 
 which the liquid responds to both the acid 
 and alkaline tests. R., Bareggi's. See Ba- 
 reggi's Reaction. R., Bechterew's. See 
 Bechterew's Reaction. R., Chameleon, 
 the peculiar change of color observed 
 in cultures of Pseudomonas pyocyanea, from 
 green to brown and back again. R., Chemic. 
 See Reaction (3). R., Clump, the agglutina- 
 tion of bacteria or of leukocytes as the result 
 of the action of certain enzyms, lysins, or 
 toxins. R., Consensual*, reaction which is 
 independent of the will. R. of Degeneration, 
 the reaction obtained when an electric stimulus 
 is applied to a muscle deprived of its trophic 
 nerve influence. It is characterized by the 
 following conditions: diminution or abolition 
 of the excitability of the muscles for the faradic 
 current, with a temporary increase in excita- 
 bility for the galvanic current. In the nerves 
 there is a diminution or abolition of both far- 
 adic and galvanic excitability. The reactions 
 of the muscle to the galvanic current (the true 
 reaction of degeneration) may be formulated 
 as follows: 
 
 AnCIC <KaClC ).. . 
 
 AnOC > KaOC j" Muscle normal. 
 
 AnCIC = KaCIC 1 Muscle in first stage of 
 
 AnOC = KaOC j degeneration. 
 
 AaCIC > KaCIC 1 Muscle in more advanced 
 
 AnOC < KaOC j stage of degeneration. 
 AnCIC = anodal closing contraction; AnOC =? anodal 
 opening contraction ; KaCIC = kathodal closing con- 
 traction ; KaOC = kathodal opening contraction. 
 
 See P 'flue ger's Law of Contraction. R., Elec- 
 tric, a response in a muscle or a part produced 
 by electric stimulation. R. of Exhaustion, a 
 variety of reaction to electric excitation seen 
 in states of exhaustion, in which a certain 
 reaction produced by a given current-strength 
 cannot be reproduced without an increase of 
 current-strength. R., Franklinic, of De- 
 generation, a rare form of reaction of de- 
 generation produced by static electricity and 
 similar to that obtained by the faradic current. 
 R., Hemianopic Pupillary, of Wernicke, 
 a reaction obtained in some cases of hemiano- 
 pia in which a pencil of light thrown on the 
 blind side of the retina gives rise to no move- 
 ment in the iris, but thrown upon the normal 
 side, produces contraction of the iris! It 
 indicates that the lesion producing the hemia- 
 nopia is situated at or anterior to the genicu- 
 late bodies. R., Mixed, a reaction normal 
 in the nerve and altered in the muscle. It is 
 called by Erb the middle form of degenera- 
 tive reaction. R., Myasthenic, that in 
 which the normal tetanic contraction of a 
 muscle under faradic stimulation becomes 
 less intense and of shorter duration with 
 every consecutive stimulus and finally ceases, 
 the muscle being exhausted. Syn., Faradic 
 exhaustibility. R., Myotonic, a reaction 
 seen in Thomsen's disease, in which there 
 is quantitative increase in the faradic excita- 
 bility. See Erb's Waves. R., Neurotonic, 
 in electrotherapy, a tonic persistence of con- 
 traction, after the current has been broken, 
 upon galvanic and faradic stimulation of 
 the nerve alone, in contradistinction to the 
 myotonic persistency that follows faradic 
 stimulation of the muscle. R., Neutral, a 
 reaction indicating the absence of both acid 
 and alkaline properties. R.-period, R.- 
 time, the interval between the application 
 of a stimulus and the beginning of the cor- 
 responding motor act. R., Piotrowski's. 
 See Piolrowski' s Reaction. R., Thread, a pe- 
 culiar reaction, consisting in the formation of 
 long interlacing threads, produced in certain 
 bacteria, Bacillus coli communis, Bacillus 
 proteus, etc., when brought in contact with 
 blood-serum, especially that of the individual 
 from whom the bacteria were obtained. R., 
 Widal. See Widal's Reaction. 
 
 Reader's Cramp. A spasm of the ocular 
 muscles following prolonged reading. 
 
 Reagent {re-a'-jent) [re, again; agere, to act]. 
 A substance used to produce a chemic reac- 
 tion. 
 
 Real Focus. See Focus (2). R. Image. See 
 Image, Real. 
 
 Realgar (re-al' - gar ) [ Ar. , rah] al - ghar, 
 powder of the mine]. Arsenous disulfid, 
 
 /\S202« 
 
 Reamputation (re-am-pu-ta' '-shun) [re-; ampu- 
 tation]. An amputation upon a member on 
 which the operation has been performed be- 
 fore. 
 
 Reaumur's Thermometer. See Thermom- 
 eter, Reaumur. 
 
RECEIVER 
 
 823 
 
 RECTOVESICAL 
 
 Receiver (re-se' '-ver) [recipire, to receive], 
 i. The vessel receiving the products of dis- 
 tillation. 2. In an air-pump, the jar in which 
 the vacuum is produced. 
 
 Receptaculum {re-sep-tak' -u-lum) [L., "a re- 
 ceptacle"]. A receptacle. R. chyli, the sac- 
 like beginning of the thoracic duct opposite 
 the last dorsal vertebra. R. seminis. See 
 Cistern, Seminal. 
 
 Receptor (re-sep'-tor) [recipere, to receive]. A 
 name given by Ehrlich to the atomic lateral 
 chain or haptophorous group, which, existing 
 in each cell in addition to its nucleus, com- 
 bines with the intermediary body. R. of 
 the First Order, one that unites with a 
 toxin. R. of the Second Order, one that 
 has two haptophore groups, one of which 
 unites with a nutritional substance (immune 
 body) and the other with a fermentive sub- 
 stance (complement). 
 
 Recession {re-sesh' -un) [recedere, to recede]. 
 The gradual withdrawal of a part from its 
 normal position, as the recession of the gums 
 from the necks of the teeth. 
 
 Recessus (re-ses'-us) [L.]. A depression or 
 recess. R. hemiellipticus. See Fovea hemi- 
 elliptica. R. hemisphaericus. See Fovea 
 hemisphcerica. R. pharyngeus, a pouch- 
 like process of the mucosa of the pharynx 
 situated below the opening of the eustachian 
 tube. 
 
 Recidivation (re-sid-iv-a' 'shun) [recidivus, a 
 falling back]. The relapsing of a disease. 
 
 Recipe (res'-ip-e). i. The imperative of re- 
 cipere, used as the heading of a physician's 
 prescription, and signifying take. Symbol 
 1$. 2. Also the formula itself. 
 
 Reciprocal Proportions, Law of. See Dal- 
 ton's Law. 
 
 Recklinghausen's Canals. See Canals of 
 Recklinghausen. R.'s Disease, i. Neuro- 
 fibromatosis. 2. Hemachromatosis; an affec- 
 tion characterized by bronzing of the skin, 
 hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver, enlarge- 
 ment of the spleen, and, in later stages, dia- 
 betes from pancreatic sclerosis. 
 
 Reclination (rek-lin-a' '-shun) [reclinare, to 
 recline], i. An old operation for cataract, 
 called also "couching," in which the lens 
 was pushed back into the vitreous chamber. 
 2. The act of lying down. 
 
 Reclus' Disease. Cystic disease of the 
 mammary gland; chronic cystic or interstitial 
 mastitis. 
 
 Recomposition {re-kom-po-zish'-un) [recom- 
 ponere, to reunite]. Reunion of parts or 
 constituents after temporary dissolution. 
 
 Reconstituent {re-kon-stif -u-ent) [re-; con- 
 stituere, to constitute]. A medicine which 
 promotes continuous repair of tissue-waste or 
 makes compensation for its loss. 
 
 Recrement (rek f -re-ment) [recrementum, from 
 re, again; crescere, to grow]. A secretion 
 that is reabsorbed after fulfilling its function. 
 
 Recrementitious {rek-re-men-tish' -us) [recre- 
 ment]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a 
 recrement. 
 
 Recrudescence (re-kru-des'-ens) [re-; cru- 
 descere, to become raw]. An increase in the 
 symptoms of a disease after a remission or 
 a short intermission. 
 
 Rectal {rek'-tal). Pertaining to the rectum 
 or performed through the rectum. R. Ali- 
 mentation. See Alimentation, Rectal. R. 
 Crises, attacks of rectal pain and tenesmus 
 occurring in locomotor ataxia. 
 
 Rectalgia {rek-tal' -je-ah) [rectum; alyog, pain]. 
 Pain in the rectum; proctalgia. 
 
 Rectification {rek-tij-ik-a 1 '-shun) [rectus, 
 straight; facere, to make], i. A straighten- 
 ing, as rectification of a crooked limb. 2. 
 The redistillation of weak spirit in order to 
 strengthen it. 
 
 Rectified Spirit. Alcohol containing 94.9 % 
 of ethyl-alcohol. 
 
 Rectify (rek f -lif-i) [see Rectification]. To make 
 right or straight; to refine. 
 
 Rectitis (rek-ti'-tis). See Proctitis. 
 
 Recto- {rek-to-) [rectum], A prefix meaning re- 
 lating to the rectum. 
 
 Rectoabdominal {rek-to-ab-dom'-in-at). Re- 
 lating to the rectum and the abdomen. 
 
 Rectocele {rek'-to-sel) [recto-; ktjAt), hernia]. 
 Prolapse of the rectum into the vagina. 
 
 Rectococcygeal {rek-to-kok-sif -e-al) [recto-; 
 coccygeal]. Pertaining to the rectum and the 
 coccyx. 
 
 Rectococcypexia (rek-to-koks-e-peks'-e-ah) [rec- 
 to-; KOKKut;, coccyx; Trq&f, a fastening]. 
 Suturing of the rectum to the coccyx. 
 
 Rectocolitis {rek-to-kol-i'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the mucosa of the rectum and colon com- 
 bined. 
 
 Rectocolonic {rek-to-ko-lon'-ik) [recto-; colon]. 
 Pertaining to the rectum and the colon. 
 
 Rectocystotomy {rek-to-sist-of -o-me) [recto-; 
 cystotomy]. Incision of the bladder through 
 the rectum. 
 
 Rectogenital (rek-lo-jen'-it-al). Pertaining to 
 the rectum and the genital organs. 
 
 Recto labial (rek-to-la'-be-al). Relating to the 
 rectum and the labia pudendi. 
 
 Rectopexia (rek-to-peks'-e-ah) [recto-; ny^cc, 
 a fastening]. Surgical fixation of a prolapsed 
 rectum. 
 
 Rectoscope {rek' -to-skop) [recto-; okotcuv, to 
 inspect]. A rectal speculum. 
 
 Rectostenosis {rek-to -sten-o' '-sis) [recto-, steno- 
 sis]. Stenosis of the rectum. 
 
 Rectostomy {rek-tos'-to-me). See Proctostomy. 
 
 Rectotome {rek' -to -torn) [recto-; ropr), a cut- 
 ting]. A cutting instrument used in rectot- 
 omy. 
 
 Rectotomy {rek-tot 1 -o-me) . See Proctotomy. 
 
 Rectourethral (rek-to-u-re' '-thral) [recto-; 
 urethra]. Pertaining to the rectum and the 
 urethra. 
 
 Rectouterine {rek-to-u'-ter-in) [recto-; uterus]. 
 Pertaining to the rectum and the uterus. 
 
 Rectovaginal (rek-to-vaf '-in-al) [recto-; 
 
 vagina]. Pertaining to the rectum and the 
 vagina. R. Fistula, an opening between the 
 vagina and the rectum. 
 
 Rectovesical {rek-to-ves' -ik-al) [recto-; vesica, 
 
RECTUM 
 
 824 
 
 REFLEX 
 
 the bladder]. Pertaining to the rectum and 
 the bladder. 
 
 Rectum {rek' - turn) [rectus, straight]. The 
 lower part of the large intestine, extending 
 from the sigmoid flexure to the anus. It be- 
 gins opposite the left sacroiliac synchondrosis, 
 passes obliquely downward to the middle of 
 the sacrum, and thence descends in the median 
 line to terminate at the anus. 
 
 Rectus {rek'-tus) [L.]. Straight; applied to 
 anything having a straight course. R. Mus- 
 cle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Recumbent (re-kum'-bent) [recumbere, to re- 
 cline]. Leaning back ; reclining. 
 
 Recuperate {re-ku'-per-dt) [recuperare, to re- 
 gain]. To regain strength or health. 
 
 Recurrens {re-kur' -enz) [see Recurrent]. Re- 
 lapsing fever. 
 
 Recurrent {re-kur' -ent) [re, back; currere, to 
 run], i. Returning. 2. In anatomy, turn- 
 ing back in its course, as recurrent laryngeal 
 nerve. R. Fever, relapsing fever. 
 
 Red [AS., redd]. The least refrangible of the 
 spectral colors ; of a color resembling that of 
 the blood. R. Bark. See Cinchona. R.- 
 blindness. See under Blindness, Color-. R. 
 Gum, a red, papular eruption of infants. 
 Syn., Strophulus. R. Lead, red lead oxid, 
 formerly used in plasters. R. Nucleus. See 
 Nucleus, Tegmental. R. Pepper. See Cap- 
 sicum. R. Precipitate. See Mercury Oxid, 
 Red. R. Softening, a form of acute softening 
 of the brain or spinal cord, characterized by 
 a red, punctiform appearance due to the pres- 
 ence of blood. 
 
 Redintegration (red-in-te-gra 1 '-shun) [redinte- 
 grare, to renew]. The complete restitution 
 of a part that has been injured or destroyed. 
 
 Redressment (re-dres 1 '-ment) [Ft., redresse- 
 ment]. Correction of a deformity or replace- 
 ment of a dislocated part. Redressement 
 force, the forcible correction of a deformity 
 or restoration of a displaced part. 
 
 Reduce {re-dus') [re, back; ducere, to lead]. 
 1. To restore a part to its normal relations, 
 as to reduce a hernia or fracture. 2. In 
 chemistry, to bring back to the metallic form; 
 to deprive of oxygen. 
 
 Reduced {re-dusd') [reduce]. 1. Restored to 
 the proper place. 2. In chemistry, brought 
 back into the metallic form, as reduced iron. 
 3. Diminished in size. R. Eye. See Eye, 
 Reduced, of Donders. 
 
 Reducible {re-du'-si-bl) [reduce]. Capable of 
 being reduced. 
 
 Reducin {re-du'-sin). A leukomain, C 12 H 24 - 
 N 6 9 , found in urine. 
 
 Reduction {re-duk' -shun) [reduce]. The act 
 of reducing. R. en bloc, R. en masse, 
 the reduction of a strangulated hernia still 
 surrounded by its sac, thus failing to relieve 
 the strangulation. 
 
 Reduplicated {re-du' ' -plik-a-ted) [see Redupli- 
 cation]. Doubled, as reduplicated heart - 
 sounds. See Reduplication. 
 
 Reduplication {re-du-plik-a' -shun) [re, again; 
 duplicare, to double]. A doubling. R. of 
 
 the Heart-sounds, a doubling of either the 
 first or the second sound of the heart. 
 
 Redux {re' - duks) [L.]. Returning. R., 
 Crepitus, the small mucous rales heard in 
 the early stage of the resolution of lobar 
 pneumonia. 
 
 Reed {red). See Abomasum. 
 
 Reel, Cerebellar. The peculiar staggering 
 gait in diseases of the cerebellum, particularly 
 in tumor. 
 
 Rees' Test for Albumin. Small amounts of 
 albumin are precipitated by an alcoholic 
 solution of tannic acid. 
 
 Reevolution {re-ev-ol-u' -shun) . Hughlings 
 
 Jackson's term for a symptom following an 
 epileptic attack, which consists of three 
 stages: (1) Suspension of power to under- 
 stand speech (word-deafness); (2) perception 
 of words and echolalia without comprehen- 
 sion; (3) return to conscious perception of 
 speech with continued lack of comprehension. 
 
 Refine {re-fin') [re, again; finire, to finish]. 
 To purify; to separate a substance from 
 foreign matter. 
 
 Reflection {re-flek'-shun) [reflex]. A bending 
 or turning back; specifically, the turning 
 back of a ray of light from a surface upon 
 which it impinges without penetrating. 
 
 Reflector {re-flek'-tor). A polished surface by 
 which light is reflected. 
 
 Reflex {re'-fleks) [re, back; flectere, to bend]. 
 1. Anything reflected or thrown back. 2. A 
 reflex act. R., Abdominal, contraction of 
 the muscles about the umbilicus, on sharp, 
 sudden stroking of the abdominal wall from 
 the margin of the ribs downward; it shows 
 integrity of the spinal cord from the eighth 
 to the twelfth dorsal nerve. R. Act, an act 
 following immediately upon a stimulus with- 
 out the intervention of the will. R., Ankle, 
 clonic contractions of the tendo achillis, de- 
 pendent upon alternate contraction and re- 
 laxation of the anterior, tibial, and calf-mus- 
 cles; obtained by sudden complete flexion of 
 the foot, by pressing the hand against the sole. 
 Syn., Ankle-clonus. R. Arc, the mechanism 
 necessary for a reflex action; it consists of 
 an afferent or sensory nerve; a nerve-center 
 to change this sensory impulse into a motor 
 one; and an efferent or motor nerve to carry 
 a motor impulse to the muscle or group of 
 muscles. R., Biceps, contraction of the 
 biceps muscle on tapping the tendon of the 
 biceps; a normal reflex, but increased by the 
 causes which increase the knee-jerk. R., 
 Bone, a reflex muscular contraction evoked 
 by blows over a bone. R., Bulbocavernous. 
 See R. } Virile. R., Chin. See R., Jaw. 
 R., Ciliospinal, pupillary dilation on irri- 
 tation of the skin of the neck. R., 
 Corneal. Same as R., Eyelid-closure. R., 
 Cremasteric, retraction of the testicle on 
 the corresponding side, obtained on stimula- 
 tion of the skin on the front and inner aspect 
 of the thigh; it shows integrity of the cord 
 between the first and second pairs of lumbar 
 nerves. R., Crossed, one in which stimulation 
 
REFLEX 
 
 825 
 
 REFLEX 
 
 of one side of the body produces a reflex on 
 the opposite side. R., Deep, reflexes devel- 
 oped by percussion of tendons or bones. R., 
 Dorsal. Same as R., Erector spina. R., 
 Epigastric, dimpling in the epigastrium, 
 due to contraction of the highest fibers of 
 the rectus abdominis muscle, on stimulation 
 of the skin in the fifth or sixth intercostal 
 space near the axilla; it shows integrity of 
 the cord from the fourth to the seventh dorsal 
 nerves. R., Erector spinae, local contrac- 
 tion of erector spinae muscle on stimulation 
 of the skin along the border; it shows in- 
 tegrity of the dorsal region of the cord. R., 
 Eyelid-closure, closure of the lid on irrita- 
 tion of the conjunctiva. R., Faucial, vomit- 
 ing on irritation of the fauces. R., Femoral, 
 plantar flexion of the first three toes and of 
 the foot, and extension of the knee-joint upon 
 irritation of the skin on the upper anterior 
 aspect of the thigh; it occurs in disease of 
 the spinal cord, e. g., in some cases of trans- 
 verse myelitis. R., Front-tap. See R., 
 Tendo achillis. R., Gluteal, contraction of 
 the glutei upon firm, sudden stroking of the 
 skin over the buttock; it shows integrity 
 of the cord at the fourth and fifth lumbar 
 nerves. R., Guttural, a reflex observed in 
 cases of diseased genitalia in women, in which 
 the patient is desirous of spitting but cannot. 
 R., Haab's Pupil-. See Haab's Pupil-reflex. 
 R., Interscapular. SeeR.,Scaptilar. R., Iris- 
 contraction. See R., Pupillary. R., Jaw, 
 clonic movements of the inferior maxilla, ob- 
 tained on a downward stroke with a hammer 
 on the lower jaw hanging passively or gently 
 supported by the hand ; it is rarely present in 
 health; increased in sclerosis of the lateral 
 columns of cord. Syn., Jaw-clonus; Jaw-jerk. 
 R., Knee, contraction of the quadriceps 
 muscle, the foot being jerked forward on 
 striking the patellar tendon after rendering 
 it tense by flexing the knee at a right angle; 
 it is normal in health; absent in locomotor 
 ataxia, destructive lesions of the lower part 
 of the cord, multiple neuritis, affections of 
 the anterior gray cornua, infantile paralysis, 
 meningitis, diphtheric paralysis, atrophic 
 palsy, pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis, 
 diabetes, etc.; increased in diseases of the 
 pyramidal tracts, in spinal irritability, tumors 
 of the brain, cerebrospinal sclerosis, lateral 
 sclerosis, after epileptic seizures or unilateral 
 convulsions. Syn., Knee-jerk. R., Laryn- 
 geal, coughing, produced by irritation 
 of the fauces, larynx, etc. R., Lumbar. 
 Same as R., Erector spina. R. Multi- 
 plicator, 'an apparatus for the registra- 
 tion of tendon-reflexes. R., Nasal, sneezing, 
 on irritation of the schneiderian membrane. 
 R., Obliquus, contraction of the fibers of the 
 obliquus externus in females (corresponds to 
 cremasteric in males, although it can also 
 be caused in males) on irritation of skin 
 below Poupart's ligament. R., Ophthalmic. 
 See R., Supraorbital. R., Palatal, swallowing 
 
 produced by irritation of the palate. R., 
 Palmar, contraction of the digital flexors 
 upon tickling the palm; it shows that the 
 cervical region of the cord is normal. R., 
 Patellar. Same as R., Knee. R., Pa- 
 tellar, Paradoxic, contraction of the ad- 
 ductor but not of the quadriceps muscle on 
 percussing the patellar tendon, with the 
 patient in the dorsal decubitus. If the 
 patient is in the sitting posture, the normal 
 reflex is elicited; it shows spinal concussion. 
 R.s, Pathic, movements resulting from 
 stimulation of a sensory nerve. R., Penis. 
 See R., Virile. R., Periosteal, sharp con- 
 tractions of the muscles upon tapping the 
 bones of the forearm or leg; it indicates dis- 
 ease of the lateral columns of the spinal cord. 
 R., Peroneal, reflex movements caused by 
 a stroke on the peroneus muscles when tense 
 or when the foot is turned inward. R., 
 Pharyngeal, swallowing produced by irrita- 
 tion of the pharynx. R., Plantar, contrac- 
 tion of the toes upon stroking the sole of 
 the foot. R., Platysma, dilation of the 
 pupil upon pinching the platysma myoides 
 muscle. R., Pupillary, contraction of the 
 iris on exposure of the retina to light; it is 
 absent in basal meningitis, etc. R., Pupil- 
 lary, Paradoxic, dilation of the pupil on 
 stimulation of the retina by light. R., Scap- 
 ular, contraction of the scapular muscles on 
 irritation of the interscapular region; it shows 
 integrity of the cord between the upper two 
 or three dorsal and lower two or three cervical 
 nerves. R., Skin. See R., Platysma. R., 
 Sole. Same as R., Plantar. R., Spinal, 
 those reflex actions emanating from centers 
 in the spinal cord. R., Superficial, such 
 as are developed from irritation of the 
 skin. R., Supraorbital, a slight contrac- 
 tion of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle 
 on striking the supraorbital nerve or one 
 of its branches a slight blow. R., Tendo 
 achillis, reflex contraction of the gastrocne- 
 mius muscle, produced by striking the mus- 
 cles on the anterior part of leg while in exten- 
 sion, the foot being extended by the hand 
 upon the sole; it is considered a delicate test 
 of heightened spinal irritability. Syn., Front- 
 tap contraction. R., Toe, involuntary flexion 
 of the foot, then flexion of the leg, and, lastly, 
 flexion of the thigh on the pelvis upon strong 
 flexion of the great toe; it is seen in cases in 
 which the knee-jerk and other tendon-reflexes 
 are strongly developed. R., Triceps, extension 
 of the forearm on tapping the tendon of the 
 triceps muscle. R., Virile, retraction of the 
 bulbocavernous portion upon sharp percussion 
 of the back of the penis, the sheath having been 
 made tense; it occurs in health. R., Visceral, 
 one of a group of reflexes, as, blinking, from 
 touching the cornea; penile, erection on slight 
 contact or produced by passing a catheter; 
 rectal, constriction of the bowel following 
 introduction of a foreign body, as a sup- 
 pository; sneezing, that produced by a draft 
 
REFLEXOGRAPH 
 
 826 
 
 REGION 
 
 3 
 
 of cold air or a brilliant light; vesical, con- 
 traction of the bladder following irritation of 
 the urethral orifice, e. g., incontinence of 
 urine in children, by reason of a long prepuce; 
 vomiting, from tickling the fauces. R., 
 Wrist, a series of jerking movements of the 
 hand produced by pressing the hand back- 
 ward to extreme extension; observed in 
 the late rigidity of hemiplegia. Syn., Wrist- 
 clonus. 
 
 Reflexograph (re-fleks'-o-graf) [reflex; fpacf^cv, 
 to write]. An instrument for measuring, 
 timing, and charting automatically knee-jerks 
 and other tendon-reflexes. 
 
 Refiexophil (re-fleks'-o-fil) [reflex; <f>cXe~cv, to 
 love]. Attended by reflex activity. 
 
 Reflux (re'-fluks) [re, back; fluere, to flow]. 
 A return flow. 
 
 Refract (re-frakV) [re, back; fr anger e, to break], 
 i. To bend back. 2. To change direction by 
 refraction. 3. To estimate the degree of 
 ametropia, heterophoria, and heterotropia 
 present in an eye. 
 
 Refracta dosi (re-frak' -tah do'-si) [L.]. In 
 broken doses. 
 
 Refraction (re-frak' -shun) [refract]. 1. The 
 act of refracting or bending back. 2. The 
 deviation of a ray of light from a straight 
 line in passing obliquely from one transparent 
 medium to another of different density. 3. 
 The state of refractive power, especially of 
 the eye; the ametropia, emmetropia, or muscle- 
 imbalance present. 4. The act or process of 
 correcting errors of ocular refraction. R., 
 Angle of, the angle formed by a refracted 
 ray of light with the perpendicular at the 
 point of refraction. R., Double, the power 
 possessed by certain substances, as Iceland 
 spar, of dividing a ray of light and thus 
 producing a double image of an object. 
 R., Dynamic, the static refraction of the 
 eye, plus that secured by the action of the 
 accommodative apparatus. R., Index of, 
 the refractive power of any substance as 
 compared with air. It is the quotient of the 
 angle of incidence divided by the angle of 
 refraction of a ray passing through the sub- 
 stance. R., Static, that of the eye when 
 accommodation is at rest. 
 
 Refractive (re-frak' -tiv) [refract]. Refracting; 
 capable of refracting or bending back; per- 
 taining to refraction. R. Index. See Index, 
 Refractive. 
 
 Refractivity (re-frak-tiv'-it-e) [refract]. Power 
 of refraction; ability to refract. 
 
 Refractometer (re-frak-tom'-et-er) [refract; 
 [ikrpov, a measure]. 1. An instrument for 
 measuring the refraction of the eye. 2. 
 An instrument for the determination of the 
 refractive indexes of liquids. 
 
 Refractory (re-frak' -tor-e) [refractarius, stub- 
 born]. 1. Resisting treatment. 2. Resisting 
 the action of heat; slow to melt. 
 
 Refracture (re-frak' -tur) [re, back; frangere, 
 to break]. The breaking again of fractured 
 bones that have joined by faulty or improper 
 union. 
 
 Refrangibility (re-fran-jib-il'-it-e) [sec Refract]. 
 Capability of undergoing refraction. 
 
 Refresh (re- fresh') [re, again; friscus, new]. 
 In surgery, to give to an old lesion the char- 
 . acter of a fresh wound. 
 
 Refrigerant (re-frif '-er-ant) [see Refrigeration]. 
 1. Cooling; lessening fever. 2. A medicine 
 or agent having cooling properties or lowering 
 body-temperature . 
 
 Refrigeration (re-frij-er-a'-shun) [re, again; 
 frigus, cold]. The act of lowering the tem- 
 perature of a body by conducting away its 
 heat to a surrounding cooler substance. 
 
 Refusion (re-fu'-zhun) [refusio, an over- 
 flowing]. The act of withdrawing blood from 
 the vessels, exposing it to the oxygen of the 
 air, and passing it back again. 
 
 Regeneration (re-jen-er-a' -shun) [re, again; 
 generare, to beget]. The repair of lost or 
 diseased structures. 
 
 Regimen (rej'-im-en) [regere, to rule]. The 
 regulated use of food and the sanitary ar- 
 rangement of surroundings to suit existing 
 conditions of health or disease. 
 
 Region (re'-jun) [regio, a region]. One of 
 the divisions of the body possessing either 
 natural or arbitrary boundaries. R.s of the 
 Abdomen. See under Abdomen. R., Epigas- 
 tric. See under Abdomen. R., Hypochon- 
 driac. See under Abdomen. R., Hypogastric. 
 See under Abdomen. R., Iliac, the region ex- 
 ternal to the hypogastric region. R., Infra- 
 axillary, the space between the anterior and 
 posterior axillary lines. R., Infraclavicular, 
 the space just below the clavicle. R., Infra- 
 mammary, the space between a line drawn 
 along the upper border of the xiphoid carti- 
 tilage and the margin of the false ribs. R., 
 Infrascapular, the region on each side of the 
 vertebral column below a horizontal line 
 drawn through the inferior angle of each 
 scapula. R., Infraspinous, that included 
 between the spine of the scapula and a line 
 passing through the angle of the scapula. 
 R., Inguinal, the region of the groin. R., 
 Interscapular, the space between the 
 scapulas. R., Ischiorectal, the region be- 
 tween the ischium and the rectum. R., Lum- 
 bar. See under Abdomen. R., Mammary, 
 the space on the anterior surface of the chest 
 between the third and the sixth ribs. R., 
 Parotid. See R., Retrom axillary. R., Pre- 
 cordial, the surface of the chest covering the 
 heart. R., Prevertebral, the ventral surface 
 of the vertebral column. R., Pulmo vascu- 
 lar, the part of the, thorax in which the lung 
 overlaps the origins of the large vessels. R., 
 Retromaxillary, the area dorsad of the 
 superior maxilla. R., Sacrococcygeal, that 
 part of the dorsal wall of the pelvis correspond- 
 ing to the ventral surface of the sacrum 
 and coccyx. R., Sternal, the region overlying 
 the sternum. R., Sternal, Inferior, the 
 part of the sternal region lying below the 
 margins of the third costal cartilages. R., 
 Sternal, Superior, that portion of the ster- 
 nal region lying above the lower margins of 
 
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 827 
 
REGIONAL 
 
 828 
 
 REISSNER'S CANAL 
 
 the third costal cartilages. R., Subclavic- 
 ular. See JR., Infraclavicular. R., Sub- 
 mammary. -Same as R., Inframammary. 
 R., Subscapular. See R., Infrascapular. 
 R., Supraclavicular, the space above the 
 clavicle. R., Suprainguinal, that bounded 
 by the rectus abdominis muscle, Poupart's 
 ligament, and a line through the iliac crest. 
 R., Supraspinous, the region corresponding 
 to the supraspinous fossa of the scapula. 
 R., Thoracic, that of the entire surface of the 
 thorax. R., Thyrohyoid, the region around 
 the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone. 
 R., Umbilical. See under Abdomen. 
 
 Regional (re'-jun-al) [region]. Pertaining to 
 a region. R. Anatomy, the branch of 
 anatomy that treats of the relations of the 
 structures in a region of the body to each 
 other and to the body-surface. (See illustra- 
 tions on p. 827.) 
 
 Regressive {re-gres' -iv) [re, back; gradi, to 
 go]. Going back; returning; subsiding. 
 
 Regular (reg'-u-lar) [regere, to rule]. Ac- 
 cording to rule or custom. R. Physician, 
 one belonging to the regular school. R. 
 School of Medicine, the great mass of the 
 profession, whose practice is based on the 
 results of experience and experimental re- 
 search without adherence to any exclusive 
 theory of therapeutics. 
 
 Regurgitation ire-gur-fit-a'-shun) [re, again; 
 gurgitare, to engulf]. 1. A back-flow of 
 blood through a heart -valve that is defective. 
 2. The return of food from the stomach to the 
 mouth soon after eating, without the ordinary 
 efforts at vomiting. R., Aortic, that of the 
 blood-serum through the aorta from in- 
 competence of the valves. R., Functional, a 
 form of mitral regurgitation due to contraction 
 of the chordae tendinese and papillary muscles. 
 R., Mitral. See Mitral Regurgitation. 
 
 Reichardt's Test for Arsenic in the Urine. 
 Concentrate 200 Cc. of urine with about 2 
 Gm. of caustic soda; dissolve the residue in a 
 little water acidulated with hydrochloric acid, 
 and then test in a Marsh's apparatus. 
 
 ReichePs Cloacal Duct. See Duct, Reich- 
 el's Cloacal. 
 
 Reichert's Canal. See Canal, Hensen's. R.'s 
 Cartilages, the hyoid bars which constitute 
 the skeletal elements of the hyoid branchial 
 arch of the embryo and ultimately become 
 the styloid processes, the stylohyal ligaments, 
 and the lesser cornua of the hyoid bone. R.'s 
 Membrane. See Bowman's Membrane. 
 
 Reichl's Test for Proteids. To the proteid 
 solution add 2 or 3 drops of an alcoholic so- 
 lution of benzaldehyd, and then considerable 
 sulfuric acid, previously diluted with an equal 
 bulk of water. Finally, add a few drops of 
 a ferric sulfate solution, and a deep blue 
 coloration will be produced in the cold after 
 some time, or at once on warming. Solid 
 proteids are stained blue by this reaction. 
 
 Reichl-Mikosch's Reagent for Albumins. 
 Benzaldehyd and sulfuric acid containing 
 ferric sulfate. 
 
 Reichmann's Disease. A chronic disease 
 of the stomach characterized by permanent 
 gastric hypersecretion, associated with marked 
 dilation of the stomach, with thickening of its 
 walls, and hypertrophy of the glands. It is 
 accompanied by violent attacks, of pain with 
 vomiting, and may be followed by the forma- 
 tion of a round ulcer on the wall of the stom- 
 ach. R.'s Sign, the presence in the stomach, 
 before eating in the morning, of an acid 
 liquid mixed with alimentary residues; it is 
 indicative of gastrosuccorrhea and pyloric 
 stenosis.. 
 
 Reid's Lines. Three imaginary lines serving 
 for measurements in craniocerebral topog- 
 raphy; one of them, the base line, is drawn 
 from the lower margin of the orbit through 
 the center of the external auditory meatus 
 to just below the external occipital protuber- 
 ance. The two others are perpendicular to it, 
 one corresponding to the small depression in 
 front of the external auditory meatus, the 
 other to the posterior border of the mastoid 
 process. The fissure of Rolando extends 
 from the upper limit of the posterior vertical 
 line to the point of intersection of the anterior 
 line and the fissure of Sylvius. 
 
 Reil's Ansa. A tract of fibers passing from 
 the optic thalamus downward and outward 
 toward the white substance of the hemisphere. 
 Syn., Ansa peduncularis; Goose's foot. R.'s 
 Covered Band, the lateral longitudinal 
 strias; the longitudinal fibers which cross the 
 transverse strias beneath the fornicate convolu- 
 tion. R.'s Island. See Island of Reil. R.'s 
 Line, a ridge descending posteriorly from the 
 summit of the pyramid of the cerebellum. 
 R.'s Sulcus, the sulcus in the bottom of the 
 sylvian fissure, separating the insula from the 
 remainder of the hemisphere. 
 
 Reimplantation (re-im-plan-ta' '-shun) [re, 
 again; plantar e, to plant]. In dental surgery, 
 the replacing of a drawn tooth into its socket. 
 
 Reinfection (re-in-fek' -shun) [re, again; in- 
 fection]. Infection a second time with the 
 same kind of virus. 
 
 Reinoculation (re-in-ok-u-la' '-shun) [re, again; 
 inoculare, to inoculate]. Inoculation a second 
 time with the same kind of virus. 
 
 Reinsch's Test. A test for arsenic. The 
 suspected fluid is strongly acidulated with 
 hydrochloric acid and boiled, some slips of 
 bright copper being added; a grayish coating 
 on the copper may be shown to be arsenic by 
 heating in a glass tube held obliquely, when, 
 if it is arsenic, a crystalline coating will be 
 sublimated on the glass above the copper. 
 
 Rein version ire-in-ver' -shun) [re, again; in- 
 vert]. The act of reducing an inverted uterus 
 by the application of pressure to the fundus. 
 
 Reisseisen's Muscles. The muscular fibers 
 of the bronchi. 
 
 Reissner's Canal. See Canal, Membranous, of 
 the Cochlea. R. 's Membrane, the membrana 
 vestibularis; a delicate membrane which sep- 
 arates the membranous cochlea (scala media) 
 from the scala vestibuli. 
 
N 
 
 REJUVENESCENCE 
 
 829 
 
 REPERCUSSIVE 
 
 Rejuvenescence (re-ju-ven-es'-ens) [re, again; 
 juvenescere, to grow young]. A renewal of 
 youth; a renewal of strength and vigor. 
 Relapse {re-laps') [re, again; labi, to fall]. 
 A return of an attack of a disease shortly 
 after the beginning of convalescence. 
 
 Relapsing Fever. An acute infectious dis- 
 ease due to Spirochceta obermeieri. After 
 a period of incubation of from 5 to 7 days, 
 the disease sets in with chilL fever, and 
 pains in the back and limbs. The spleen 
 enlarges, sweats and delirium occur, and the 
 symptoms continue for 5 or 6 days, then 
 suddenly cease by crisis. After a variable in- 
 terval, usually in about a week, a second par- 
 oxysm occurs, which may be followed by a 
 third and fourth. The disease prevails where 
 conditions of overcrowding and defective 
 food-supply obtain; hence the name some- 
 times given it, famine-fever. 
 
 Relaxant {re-laks' -ant) [see Relaxation]. 1. 
 Loosening; causing relaxation. . 2. An agent 
 that diminishes tension. 
 
 Relaxation {re-laks-a' -shun) [re, again; laxare, 
 to loosen]. A diminution of tension in a part; 
 a diminution in functional activity, as relax- 
 ation of the skin. 
 
 Relief (re-lef) [OF., relef, a raising]. 1. The 
 partial removal of anything distressing; 
 alleviation. R. Incision, one to relieve 
 tension; as in an abscess. 
 
 Remak's Band (rem'-ak). The axis-cylinder 
 of a nerve-fiber. R.'s Fibers. See Fibers 
 of Remak. R.'s Fibrils, the fibrils composing 
 a nonmedullated nerve-fiber. R.'s Ganglion. 
 See Ganglion, Remak 's. R.'s Layer, the inner 
 longitudinal fibrous layer of the tunica 
 intima of large arteries. R.'s Sign, the pro- 
 duction, by the pricking of a needle, of a 
 double sensation, the second being painful; 
 it is noted in tabes dorsalis. R.'s Type of 
 Palsy, paralysis affecting the muscles of 
 the arm — the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anti- 
 cus, and supinator longus. 
 
 Remedial {re-me' -de-al) [remedy]. Having the 
 nature of a remedy; relieving; curative. 
 
 Remedy {rem'-ed-e) [re, again; mederi, to 
 heal]. Anything used in the treatment of 
 disease. 
 
 Remijia {re-mij'-e-ah) [Remijo, a Spanish 
 surgeon]. A genus of rubiaceous shrubs 
 and trees closely related to cinchona. 
 
 Remission {re-mish' -un) [re, back; mittere, 
 to send]. 1. Abatement or subsidence of the 
 symptoms of a disease. 2. The period of 
 diminution of the symptoms of a disease. 
 
 Remittent {re-miV -ent) [remission]. Charac- 
 terized by remissions. R. Fever, a malarial 
 fever characterized by periods of remission 
 without complete apyrexia. 
 
 Remulus {rem'-u-lus) [L., "a small oar"]. 
 The narrow dorsal portion of a rib. 
 
 Ren [L.]. Kidney. 
 
 Renaden {ren' -ad-en). A proprietary prepara- 
 tion from kidnevs; used in chronic nephritis. 
 Dose 1 \-2 dr. (6-8 Gm.). 
 
 Renal {re'-nal) [ren]. Pertaining to the kidney. 
 
 R. Calculus, a concretion in the kidney. 
 R. Inadequacy, the condition in which the 
 amount of urinary solids, and often the quan- 
 tity of urine itself, is considerably diminished. 
 It is probably due to an exhausted condition 
 of the epithelial cells of the kidney. R. Plexus. 
 See Plexus, Renal. 
 
 Renculin {ren'-ku-lin) [ren]. An albuminoid 
 said to exist in the suprarenal capsules. 
 
 Rendu's Type of Tremor. A hysteric tremor 
 provoked or increased by volitional move- 
 ments. 
 
 Renicapsule (ren-e-kap'-sill) [ren; capsula, 
 a capsule]. A suprarenal capsule. 
 
 Reniform {ren'-e-form) [ren; forma, form]. 
 Kidney-shaped. 
 
 Renin {ren' -in) [ren]. A renal substance used 
 in organotherapy. 
 
 Renipuncture (ren-e-punk'-chur) [ren; pun- 
 gere, to prick]. Puncture of the capsule of 
 the kidney. 
 
 Renitent (ren f -it-ent) [reniti, to resist]. Re- 
 sistant to pressure. 
 
 Rennet {ren'-et) [AS., rinnan, to run]. _ The 
 prepared inner membrane of the fourth 
 stomach of the calf, or an infusion of this 
 membrane. It contains a milk-curdling fer- 
 ment that decomposes casein. 
 
 Rennin {ren'-in) [see Rennet]. The milk- 
 curdling ferment of the gastric juice. 
 
 Renninogen, Rennogen {ren-in'-o-jen, ren'- 
 o-jen) [rennet]. The zymogen whence rennin 
 is formed; it exists in the cells of the mucous 
 membrane of the stomach. 
 
 Renocutaneous {ren-o-ku-ta' -ne-us) [ren; cu- 
 taneous]. Relating to the kidneys and the 
 skin. 
 
 Renogastric {ren-o-gas'-trik) [ren; yaa-i t p, 
 stomach]. Relating to the kidney and the 
 stomach. 
 
 Renuent {ren'-u-ent) [renuens, nodding back 
 the head]. In anatomy, throwing back the 
 head; applied to certain muscles. 
 
 Reoch's Test for Albumin. See Mac-Wil- 
 liam. R.'s Test for Hydrochloric Acid in 
 the Contents of the Stomach, on the ad- 
 dition of a mixture of citrate of iron and 
 quinin and potassium sulfocyanid to the 
 gastric juice or contents of the stomach, con- 
 taining free hydrochloric acid, a red colora- 
 tion will be produced. 
 
 Reorganization {re-or-gan-iz-a' -shun) [re, 
 again; organization]. Healing by the de- 
 velopment of tissue elements similar to those 
 lost through some morbid process. 
 
 Repellent {re-pel' -ent) [re, back; pellere, to 
 push]. 1. Driving back. 2. Causing reso- 
 lution of morbid processes. 
 
 Repercolation {re-per-ko-la'-shun) [re, again; 
 percolare, to percolate]. Repeated percola- 
 tion; the passage of a percolate for a second 
 time, or oftener, through the percolator. 
 
 Repercussion {re-per-ku.sh'-un) [re, again; 
 percussion]. 1. Ballottement. 2. A driving 
 in or dispersion of a tumor or eruption. 
 
 Repercussive {re-per-kus'-iv) [see Repercus- 
 sion]. 1. Repellent. 2. A repellent drug. 
 
REPLETION 
 
 830 
 
 RESONATOR 
 
 Repletion (re-pW -shun) [re, again; plere, to 
 
 fill]. The condition of being full. 
 Reposing (re-po' '-zing) [see Reposition]. Re- 
 turning an abnormally placed part to its 
 proper position. 
 Reposition (re-po-zi'sh' -un) [re, back; ponere, 
 to place]. The act of returning into place, 
 as reposition of the uterus. 
 Repositor (re-poz'-it-or) [see Reposition]. An 
 instrument for replacing parts that have 
 become displaced, especially for replacing 
 a prolapsed umbilical cord; an instrument 
 used in the replacement of a displaced uterus. 
 Reproduction (re-pro-duk'-shun) [re, again; 
 produce]. The act of producing again; 
 the procreation of one's kind; the producing 
 of something like that lost. 
 Reproductive (re-pro-duk'-tiv) [reproduction]. 
 Pertaining to reproduction, as the reproduc- 
 tive organs. 
 Repulsion (re-puV -shun) [re, back; pellere, 
 to drive; to push], i. The act of repelling 
 or driving back or apart. 2. The influence 
 tending to drive two bodies apart; the oppo- 
 site of attraction. 
 Resaldol (rez-al'-dol). An acetyl derivative of 
 saliformin and resorcinol; an intestinal astrin- 
 gent and antiseptic. Dose 8 dr.-2^ oz. (30-75 
 Gm.) daily. 
 Resection (re-sek'-shun) [re, again; secare, to 
 cut]. The operation of cutting out. R. of 
 a Joint, the cutting away of the ends of the 
 bones forming a joint, or a portion of bone, 
 nerve, or other structure. 
 Reserve Air. See Respiration. 
 Reservoir of Pecquet (pek-a'). See Receptac- 
 
 ulum chyli. 
 Residual Air {re-zid'-u-al). See under Respi- 
 ration. 
 Residue, Residuum (rez'-id-u, rez-id' -u-um) 
 [residere, to remain]. That remaining after 
 a part has been removed; balance or re- 
 mainder. 
 Resilience (re-zil'-e-ens) [resilient]. The qual- 
 ity of being elastic or resilient. 
 Resilient (re-ziV -e-ent) [re, back; satire, to 
 leap]. Rebounding; elastic. R. Stricture, 
 one that contracts again immediately after 
 being dilated. 
 Resin (rez'-in) [resina]. 1. One of a class of 
 vegetable substances exuding from various 
 plants, and characterized by being soluble in 
 alcohol, in ether, and in the volatile oils, and 
 insoluble in water; they are readily fusible 
 and inflammable. They are obtained in 
 pharmacy by treating the substances contain- 
 ing them with alcohol, and then precipitating 
 the alcoholic solution with water. 2. See 
 Rosin. R. of Jalap (resina jalapce, U. S. P., 
 B. P.). Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). R. 
 of Podophyllum (resina podophylli, U. S. P.). 
 Dose £-| gr. (0.008-0.032 Gm.). R. of 
 Scammony (resina scammonii, U. S. P., B. 
 P.). Dose 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.52 Gm.). 
 Resina (rez'-in-ah). Colophony. The residue 
 left after distilling off the volatile oil of tur- 
 pentine. See Rosin, 
 
 
 Resinate (rez' -in-dt) . A compound of a resin 
 
 with a base. 
 Resineon (rez-in'-e-on). A volatile oil distilled 
 from resin with potash and freed from phenol. 
 It is used as a wound antiseptic and in the 
 treatment of skin diseases. 
 Resinol (rez'-in-ol). See Retinol. 
 Resinous (rez'-in-us) [resin]. Having the nature 
 
 of a resin. 
 Resistance (re-zis' -tans) [resistare, to with- 
 stand]. 1. Opposition to force or external 
 impression. 2. In electricity, the opposition 
 offered by a conductor to the passage of the 
 current. R.-Coil, a coil of wire for increas- 
 ing the resistance in a circuit. R., Essential, 
 R., Internal, the resistance to conduction 
 within the battery itself. R., Extraordinary, 
 R., External, the resistance to conduction 
 outside of the battery. R., IssaefFs Period 
 of, a temporary power of resistance to inocu- 
 lation by virulent cultures of bacteria, con- 
 ferred by the injection of various substances, 
 such as salt solution, urine, serum, etc. 
 Resistivity (re-zis-tiv'-it-e) [resistance]. The 
 amount or character of electric resistance 
 exhibited by a body. 
 Resol (rez'-oV). A disinfectant mixture of sap- 
 onified wood-tar and methyl-alcohol. 
 Resolution (rez-o-lu' -shun) [resolvere, to resolve]. 
 The return of a part to the normal state after 
 a pathologic process. 
 Resolve (re-zolv') [resolvere, to resolve]. 1. 
 To return to the normal state after some 
 pathologic process. 2. To separate anything 
 into its component parts. 
 Resolvent (re-zol'-vent) [resolve]. 1. Causing 
 solution or dissipation of tissue. 2. An agent 
 causing resolution. 
 Resolving Power. The capability of a lens 
 of making clear the finest details of an object. 
 Resonance (rez'-o-nans) [re, again; sonare, 
 to sound]. 1. The sound obtained on striking 
 a hollow object, especially the note obtained 
 on percussing the chest or abdomen. 2. The 
 sound of the voice as transmitted to the ear 
 applied to the chest. R., Cracked-pot, a 
 sound elicited by percussing over a pulmon- 
 ary cavity communicating with a bronchus. 
 R., Hydatid, a peculiar sound heard in com- 
 bined auscultation and percussion of hydatid 
 cysts. It is not heard in other cystic condi- 
 tions. R., Skodaic, the increased percussion 
 resonance over the upper part of a lung when 
 the lower part is compressed by a pleural 
 effusion. R., Tympanitic, a hollow sound 
 elicited on percussion over the intestine and 
 over large pulmonary cavities with thin yielding 
 walls. R., Vesicular, the normal pulmonary 
 resonance. R., Vesiculotympanitic, an 
 admixture of vesicular and tympanitic reso- 
 nance. R., Vocal, the sound heard on aus- 
 cultation of the chest during ordinary speech. 
 R., Whispering, the sound heard on aus- 
 cultation of the chest during the act of whis- 
 pering. 
 Resonator (rez'-o-na-tor) [see Resonance] 
 instrument used to intensify sounds. 
 
 An 
 
RESOPYRIN 
 
 831 
 
 RESTRINGENT 
 
 Resopyrin (rez-o-pi'-rin). A compound of 
 resorcinol and antipyrin. It is used in any 
 condition in which antipyrin and resorcinol 
 are indicated. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 
 Resorbent {re-sorb' -ent) [resorbere, to draw to 
 itself]. 1. Favoring resorption. 2. A drug 
 which aids in the process of resorption. 
 
 Resorbin (re-sorb' -in). A penetrating oint- 
 ment-base consisting of an emulsion of sweet 
 almond oil, wax, and a dilute aqueous solution 
 of gelatin or soap. 
 
 Resorcin (re-zor'-sin). See Resorcinol. 
 
 Resorcinol (re-zor' -sin-ol) [resin; orcin]. 1. C 6 - 
 H 6 2 . A crystalline substance isomeric with 
 pyrocatechin and hydroquinone, and usually 
 prepared by fusing sodium benzene disul- 
 fonate with sodium hydroxid. It is an 
 antipyretic and antiseptic, but is chiefly 
 used in ointments for chronic skin diseases. 
 Dose 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 Gm.). 2. Equal 
 parts of resorcinol and iodoform fused together; 
 it is used as a surgical dusting-powder, 20 to 
 50 % with starch, or 7 to 1 5 % ointment. 
 
 Resorption (re-sorp'-shun) [re, again; sorbere, 
 to absorb]. The absorption of morbid de- 
 posits, as of the products of inflammation. 
 R. -infection, a mode of infection marked 
 by the development of bacteria at a distance 
 from the point of introduction. 
 
 "Respir able- (res-pi' -rah-bl or res'-pe-rah-bl) [see 
 Respiration]. Capable of being inspired and 
 expired; capable of furnishing the gaseous 
 interchange in the lung necessary for life. 
 
 Respiration (res - pi -ra' - shun) [re, again; 
 spirare, to breathe]. 1. The inter- 
 change between the gases of living 
 organisms and the gases of the medium 
 in which they live, through any channel, 
 as cutaneous respiration. 2. The act of 
 breathing with the lungs; the taking into 
 and the expelling from the lungs of air. 
 It consists of two acts — inspiration, or the 
 taking in of the atmospheric air, and ex- 
 piration, the expelling of the modified air. 
 Expired air contains less oxygen and more 
 carbon dioxid than inspired air. The volume 
 of air taken into the lungs and given out 
 during an ordinary respiration (tidal air) is 
 500 Cc; the volume that can be inspired in 
 addition by a forcible inspiration (comple- 
 mental air) is 1500 Cc; that which remains 
 in the chest after a normal expiration (reserve 
 or supplemental air) is 1500 Cc; the amount 
 remaining in the chest after the most com- 
 plete expiration (residual air) is from 1200- 
 1600 Cc The volume of air that can be 
 forcibly expelled after the most forcible 
 inspiration is termed vital or respiratory 
 capacity and is equal to the tidal air, com- 
 plemental air, and reserve air, or about 3500 
 Cc. See Breath and Breathing. R., Ab- 
 dominal, a type of respiration caused by 
 the contraction of the diaphragm and the 
 elasticity of the abdominal walls and viscera. 
 It is more common in men than in women. 
 R., Accelerated, that exceeding 25 a minute. 
 R., Artificial, the artificial production of 
 
 the normal respiratory movements. See 
 
 Artificial Respiration. R., Costal, a type 
 of respiration in which the chest movement 
 predominates over the diaphragmatic move- 
 ment, seen especially in women. R., Meta- 
 morphosing, a form of respiration in which 
 inspiration is at first harsh, but toward the 
 end becomes blowing and accompanied by 
 adventitious sounds. It is produced by the 
 entrance of air into a cavity through a narrow 
 opening. 
 
 Respirator (res' -pi-ra-tor) [respiration]. An 
 appliance by which the inspired air, in passing 
 through it, is warmed, purified, or medicated. 
 
 Respiratory (res-pi' -ra-to-re or res' -pe-ra-to-re) 
 [respiration]. Pertaining to respiration. R. 
 Bundle, the ascending root of the glosso- 
 pharyngeal nerve, probably arising in the 
 posterior horns of the cord. R. Center. 
 See Center, Respiratory. R. Excursion, 
 the entire movement of the chest during 
 the complete act of respiration. R. 
 Murmur, the sound produced by the air 
 entering and escaping from the lungs during 
 respiration. R. Nerve, one of two nerves 
 supplying important muscles of respiration: 
 the external is the posterior thoracic nerve; 
 the internal, the phrenic nerve. R. Quotient, 
 the ratio of the amount of oxygen taken in by 
 the lungs to the carbon dioxid given off in the 
 same period of time. R. Tract, all the air- 
 passages and air-cells concerned in respiration. 
 
 Respirometer (res-pi-rom' -et-er) [respiration; 
 fifrpov, a measure]. A device to determine 
 the character of the respiration. 
 
 Rest [ME., resten, to rest]. 1. Cessation of 
 labor or action; to sleep; to lie dormant. 
 2. A mass of embryonic cells which, having 
 been misplaced during organic evolution, 
 remain quiescent and fail to reach their nor- 
 mal evolution. They at times act as foci 
 for the development of newgrowths or other 
 pathologic phenomena. R.s, Adrenal, R.s, 
 Suprarenal, masses of aberrant adrenal 
 tissue occasionally observed beneath the 
 capsule of the kidney. R.-cure. See 
 Mitchell's Treatment. 
 
 Restibrachium (res-te-bra'-ke-um) [restis; 
 brachium]. The inferior peduncles of the 
 cerebellum. 
 
 Restiform (res' -te- form) [restis; forma, form]. 
 Corded or cord-like. R. Body, a part of 
 the medulla oblongata, which as the inferior 
 cerebellar peduncle connects the medulla 
 with the cerebellum. It contains fibers from 
 the lateral column of the spinal cord (the 
 lateral cerebellar tract), from the posterior 
 column, and from the inferior olivary nucleus. 
 
 Restis (res'-tis) [L., "a rope"]. The restiform 
 body. 
 
 Restitution (res-tit-u' -shun) [re, again; statuere, 
 to set up]. The act of restoring. 
 
 Restorative (re-sto'-ra-tiv) [restore]. A remedy 
 that is efficacious in restoring health and 
 strength. 
 
 Re stringent (re-strin'-jent) [re stringer e, to re- 
 strain]. An astringent or styptic 
 
RESUDATION 
 
 832 
 
 RETRACTILE 
 
 Resudation (re-su-da'-shun) [re, again; sudor, 
 sweat]. The return of sweating as a symp- 
 tom. 
 
 Resupinate ire-su' -pin-at) [re, again; supinare, 
 to bend backward]. Turned in a direction 
 opposite to normal; as an ovary with its apex 
 downward. 
 
 Resuscitation (re-sus-it-a'-shun) [re, again; 
 suscitare, to raise up]. The bringing back 
 to life of one apparently dead. 
 
 Resuscitator (re-sus'-it-a-tor) [see Resuscita- 
 tion]. One who or that which resuscitates. 
 R., Intragastric, an apparatus devised by 
 Fenton B. Tiirck for the purpose of reducing 
 surgical shock and collapse. It consists 
 simply of a double stomach-tube, at one end 
 of which is attached a soft-rubber bag. By 
 this means heat is applied in a uniform and 
 diffuse manner, up to 135 F. 
 
 Retamin (ret-am'-in) [retama, the Spanish 
 name for genista], C 15 H 26 N 2 0. An alkaloid 
 from the bark of Genista sphcerocarpa. 
 
 Retch [AS., hrcBcan, to clear the throat]. To 
 strain at vomiting. 
 
 Rete (re'-te) [L.]. A net or net-like structure. 
 R. malpighii. See R. mucosum. R. mira- 
 bile, a cluster of fine vessels produced by 
 the splitting of an artery into numerous 
 branches. If the branches do not reunite, it 
 is called unipolar rete mirabile; if they re- 
 unite, bipolar rete mirabile. R. mirabile 
 duplex, a rete mirabile consisting both of 
 veins and of arteries. R. mucosum, the 
 deeper layers of the epidermis. R. testis, 
 R. vasculosum of the testis, the network 
 of seminal tubules in the corpus highmori- 
 anum. 
 
 Retention ire-ten' -shun) [re, back; tenere, to 
 hold]. The act of retaining or holding back. 
 R. Cyst. See Cyst, Retention. R.-hypoth- 
 esis (of Chauveau). See Immunity, Theory 
 of, Chauveau's Retention. R. mensium, a 
 condition in which menstruation occurs but 
 its products are retained in consequence of 
 atresia of the genital canal. R. of Urine, 
 the holding of the urine in the bladder on 
 account of some hindrance to urination. 
 
 Retial (re'-te-al) [rete]. Relating to, or of the 
 nature of, a rete. 
 
 Reticula iret-ik' -u-lah) [pi. of reticulum, a net- 
 work]. The preferred name for formatio 
 reticularis. 
 
 Reticular iret-ik' -u-lar) [reticulum]. Resem- 
 bling a net; formed by a network. R. For- 
 mation. See Formatio reticularis. R. 
 Lamina, the membrane covering the organ 
 of Corti. R. Layer of the Skin, the deep 
 layer of the skin, consisting of interlacing 
 bands of white and yellow fibrous tissue. 
 
 Reticulated iret-ik' -u-la-ted). See Reticular. 
 
 Reticulum iret-ik' -u-lum) [reticulum, dim. of 
 rete, net]. A network. 
 
 Retiform {ret'-if-orm). Net-shaped; reticular. 
 R. Tissue, adenoid tissue. 
 
 Retina iret'-in-ah) [rete]. The delicate mem- 
 brane of the eye representing the terminal 
 expansion of the optic nerve, and extending 
 
 from the point of entrance of the nerve for- 
 ward to its termination in the ora serrata. It 
 consists of the following layers, named from 
 behind forward: (a) the pigment-layer; (b) 
 the neuroepithelial layer, comprising the 
 layer of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane; 
 bacillary layer), the outer limiting membrane, 
 and the outer nuclear layer; (c) the cerebral 
 layer, comprising the outer reticular layei 
 (outer granular layer), the inner nuclear layer, 
 the inner reticular layer (inner granular layer), 
 the ganglion-cell layer, the nerve-fiber layer. 
 These layers are cemented together by a sup- 
 porting framework of connective tissue, the 
 fibers of Miiller, or radiating fibers. 
 
 Retinaculum iret-in-ak' -u-lum) [L., "a band"]. 
 A band or membrane holding back an organ 
 or part. R. ligamenti arcuati, the short 
 external lateral ligament of the knee-joint. 
 R. morgagni, R. of the Ileocecal Valve, 
 the ridge formed by the coming together of 
 the valve-segments at each end of the opening 
 between the cecum and the ileum. R. pero- 
 neorum inferius, a fibrous band running 
 over the peroneal tendons as they pass through 
 the grooves on the outer side of the calcaneum. 
 R. peroneorum superius, the external 
 annular ligament of the ankle-joint. R. 
 tendineum, the annular ligament of the 
 wrist or ankle. 
 
 Retinal iret'-in-aV) [retina]. Pertaining to or 
 affecting the retina. R. Apoplexy, hemor- 
 rhage into the retina. 
 
 Retinitis (ret-in-i'-tis) [retina; cxcg, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the retina. R., 
 Albuminuric, retinitis due to nephritis. R. 
 apoplectica, retinal apoplexy. R., Central 
 Recurrent, a rare form of syphilitic retinitis 
 characterized by a central dark scotoma which 
 disappears in a few days to return in a few 
 weeks, the attacks becoming more frequent. 
 R., Diabetic, retinitis occurring in diabetes. 
 R., Hemorrhagic, retinitis associated with 
 hemorrhages. R., Leukemic, a form occur- 
 ring in leukemia and characterized by pallor 
 of the retinal vessels and optic disc and hemor- 
 rhages. 
 
 Retinochoroiditis (ret-in-o-ko-roi-di'-tis) [re- 
 tina; choroiditis]. Inflammation of the retina 
 and choroid. 
 
 Retinol (ret'-in-ol) [resin], C 32 H 16 . A liquid 
 hydrocarbon obtained in the destructive dis- 
 tillation of resin. It is used as a solvent and 
 has also been employed in gonorrhea. 
 
 Retinoscopy iret-in-os' -ko-pe) [retina; onontiv, to 
 view]. A method of determining the refrac- 
 tion of the eye by observation of the move- 
 ments of the retinal images and shadows 
 through the ophthalmoscopic mirror. Syn., 
 Skiascopy. 
 
 Retort ire-tort') [re, back; torguere, to twist]. 
 A vessel employed in distillation, consisting 
 of an expanded globular portion and a long 
 neck, and containing the liquid to be dis- 
 tilled. 
 
 Retractile (re-trak'-til) [retract]. Capable of 
 being drawn back, 
 
RETRACTILITY 
 
 833 
 
 RETRO VACCINATION 
 
 Retractility (re-trak-tiV -it-e) [retract]. The 
 power of retracting or drawing back. 
 
 Retraction (re-trak'-shun) [retract]. The act 
 of retracting or drawing back; a retraction of 
 the muscles after amputation. 
 
 Retractor (re-trak'-tor) [retract]. An instru- 
 ment for drawing back the lips of a wound so 
 as to give a better view of the deeper parts. 
 
 Retrad (re'-trad) [retro, backward]. In or 
 toward the rear. 
 
 Retrahens aurem (re-tra'-henz aw' -rem). 
 Drawing back the ear. See under Muscle. 
 
 Retrahent (re'-tra-hent) [retrahens, drawing 
 back]. Drawing backward; retracting. 
 
 Retrenchment (re-trench' -ment) [Fr., retrenche- 
 ment]. A plastic operation the object of which 
 is to obtain cicatricial contraction by the re- 
 moval of superfluous tissue. 
 
 Retro- (re-tro-). A prefix meaning back, back- 
 ward, or behind. 
 
 Retroanteroamnesia (re-tro-an-ter-o-am-ne'-ze- 
 ah). See Amnesia, Retro anterograde. 
 
 Retroanterograde (re-tro-anf -er-o-grdd) [retro-; 
 anterius, before; gradi, to go]. Reversing 
 the order of succession. R. Amnesia. See 
 Amnesia, Retroanterograde. 
 
 Retroauricular (re-tro-a-w-rik' -u-lar) . Dorsad 
 of the auricle of the ear or of the heart. 
 
 Retrobuccal (re-tro-buk '-al) [retro-; bucca, the 
 cheek]. Pertaining to the back part of the 
 mouth or of the cheek. 
 
 Retrobulbar (re-tro-buV -bar) [retro-; bulbar]. 
 Situated or occurring behind the eyeball. R. 
 Neuritis, inflammation in the orbital part of 
 the optic nerve. 
 
 Retrocecal (re-tro-se'-kal). Pertaining to the 
 back of the cecum. 
 
 Retrocedent (re-tro-se'-dent) [retro-; cedere, to 
 go]. Going back; disappearing from the 
 surface. R. Gout, a form of gout in which 
 the joint-inflammation suddenly disappears 
 and is replaced by affections of the internal 
 organs. 
 
 Retroceps (re'-tro-seps) [Fr.]. A variety of 
 obstetric forceps used to grasp the fetal head 
 from behind. 
 
 Retrocervical (re-tro-ser' '-vik-al) [retro-; cervix, 
 neck]. Situated behind the cervix uteri. 
 
 Retrocession (re-tro-sesh'-un) [retrocede]. The 
 act of going back. 
 
 Retroclusion (re-tro-klu' '-zhun) [retro-; clau- 
 dere, to shut]. A form of acupressure in which 
 the pin is passed first above the artery into the 
 tissues on the other side, then below the artery 
 into the tissues upon the side first entered. 
 
 Retrocolic (re-tro-kol'-ik). Behind the colon. 
 
 Retrocollic (re-tro-kol'-ik) [see Retrocollis]. 
 Pertaining to the muscles at the back of the 
 neck. R. Spasm, spasm of the muscles at 
 the back of the neck, causing retraction of 
 the head. 
 
 Retrocollis (re-tro-kol'-is) [retro-; collis, the 
 nape of the neck]. Torticollis. 
 
 Retrodeviation (re-tro-de-ve-a' -shun) [retro-; 
 deviation]. Any backward displacement; a 
 retroflexion or retroversion. 
 
 Retrodisplacement (re-tro-dis-plds'-ment) [re- 
 54 
 
 tro-; displacement]. Backward displacement 
 of a part or organ. 
 
 Retroesophageal (re-tro-e-sof-aj'-e-al) [retro-; 
 esophagus]. Located behind the esophagus. 
 
 Retroflexion (re-tro-flek' '-shun) [retro-; flexion]. 
 The state of being bent backward. R. of the 
 Uterus, a condition in which the uterus is 
 bent backward upon itself, producing a sharp 
 angle in its axis. 
 
 Retrograde (ret'-ro-grad or re'-tro-grad) [retro-; 
 gradi, to go]. Going backward; undoing. 
 R. Embolism, embolism in which the em- 
 bolus has gone against the normal direction of 
 the blood-stream. 
 
 Retro graphy [re-tro g'-ra-fe) [retro-; -rpafecv, to 
 write]. Backward writing; mirror-writing. 
 
 Retroinsular (re-tro-in' -su-lar) [retro-; insula, 
 island]. Situated behind the island of Reil, 
 as the retroinsular convolutions. 
 
 Retro jector (re' -tro-jek-tor) [retro-; jacere, to 
 throw]. An instrument for washing out the 
 uterus. 
 
 Retrolinglial (re-tro-ling' -gvcaV) [retro-; lingua, 
 the tongue]. Relating to that part of the 
 throat back of the tongue. 
 
 Retronasal (re-tro-na'-zal) [retro-; nasus, nose]. 
 Situated behind the nose or nasal cavities. 
 
 Retroocular (re-tro-ok' -u-lar). See Retrobul- 
 bar. 
 
 Retroperitoneal (re-tro-per-it-on-e'-al) [see Re- 
 tro peritoneum]. Situated behind the peri- 
 toneum. 
 
 Retroperitoneum (re-tro-per-it-on-e'-um) [re- 
 tro-; peritoneum]. The space lying behind 
 the peritoneum and in front of the spinal 
 column and lumbar muscles. 
 
 Retroperitonitis (re-tro-per-it-on-i' -tis) [retro-; 
 peritonitis]. Inflammation of the retroperi- 
 toneal structures. 
 
 Retropharyngeal (re-tro- far-in'-je-al) [retro-; 
 pharynx]. Situated behind the pharynx, as 
 retropharyngeal abscess. 
 
 Retroplacental (re-tro-pla-sent'-al). Dorsad of 
 the placenta. 
 
 Retroposed (re'-tro-pozd) [retro-; ponere, to 
 place]. Displaced backward. 
 
 Retropulsion (re-tro-puV -shun) [retro-; pellere, 
 to drive], i. A driving or turning back, as of 
 the fetal head. 2. A running backward; a 
 form of walking sometimes seen in paralysis 
 agitans. 
 
 Retrostalsis (re-tro-staV -sis) [retro-; o-blotc, 
 compression]. Reversed peristalsis; peristal- 
 tic action that tends to drive the intestinal 
 contents cephalad instead of caudad. 
 
 Retrosternal (re-tro-ster'-nal) [retro-; sternum]. 
 Situated behind the sternum. 
 
 Retrotarsal (re-tro-tar'-sal) [retro-; tarsus]. 
 Situated behind the tarsus, as the retro- 
 tarsal fold of the conjunctiva. R. Fold. 
 See Fornix conjunctivae. 
 
 Retrouterine (re-tro-u'-ter-in) [reiro-; uterus]. 
 Behind the uterus. R. Hematocele, a blood- 
 tumor behind the uterus in the pouch of 
 Douglas. 
 
 Retrovaccination (re - tro - vak - sin - a'- shun ) 
 [retro-; vaccination]. Vaccination with virus 
 
RETRO VERSIOFLEXION 
 
 834 
 
 RHEIN 
 
 from a cow that had been inoculated with the 
 virus of smallpox from a human subject. 
 
 Retro versioflexion {re-tro-ver-sc-o-flek'-shun). 
 Combined retroversion and retroflexion. 
 
 Retroversion {re-tro-ver' -shun) [retro-; ver- 
 sion]. A turning back. R. of Uterus, a 
 condition in which the uterus is tilted back- 
 ward without curvature of its axis. 
 
 Retroverted {re'-tro-ver-ted). Tilted or turned 
 backward, as a retroverted uterus. 
 
 Retzius' Brown Strias. Brownish concentric 
 lines in the enamel of the teeth, running 
 
 effecting revulsion by the alternate application 
 of heat and cold. 2. A plate or cylinder set 
 with needles, used in producing counterirri- 
 tation. 
 Reynold's Test for Acetone. To the liquid 
 to be tested add freshly precipitated mercuric 
 oxid; shake and filter. If acetone is present, 
 the filtrate will contain mercury, owing to the 
 acetone dissolving freshly precipitated mer- 
 curic oxid. The mercury may be detected 
 by overlaying the filtrate with ammonium 
 sulfid, which turns black. 
 
 nearly parallel to the surface. R.'s Capsule, Rhabditis (rab-di'-tis) [pafidoc, a rod]. A genus 
 the fascial formation investing the intrapelvic of nematode worms a few species of which are 
 and bulbous portions of the urethra and Cow- parasitic in man. 
 
 per's glands. R.'s Fibers, the rigid filaments Rha.bdium (rab'-de-um) [dim. of paftdof, a rod], 
 of Deiters' cells in the organ of Corti. R.'s A fiber of striped or voluntary muscle. 
 Ligament, the outer portion of the an- Rhabdoid (rab'-doid) [pafidoc, a rod; eldoc, 
 terior annular ligament of the ankle which like]. Rod-like. 
 
 forms a loop around the peroneus tertius Rhabdomyoma {rab-do-mi-o' -mah) [paftdoc, a 
 and the extensor longus digitorum. R.'s rod; myoma]. A form of myoma char- 
 Space a triangular space the basis of acterized by the presence of striated muscular 
 which lies between the spines of the pubes, fibers. 
 
 the apex being from 5 to 7 centimeters above. Rhabdonema (rab-do-ne'-mah) [paftdoc, a rod; 
 
 vfjp.a, a thread]. A genus of parasitic round- 
 worms. 
 
 Rhachi-. See Rachi-. 
 
 Rhacoma {ra-ko'-mah) [po.Kcscv, to rend]. Ex- 
 
 In this space, which is filled with connective 
 tissue, the bladder is not covered by the peri- 
 toneum. Syn., Cavum retzii. R.'s Veins, 
 the veins forming anastomoses between the 
 mesenteric veins and the inferior vena cava. 
 Reusner's Sign of Early Pregnancy. An 
 increase in the volume of the pulsation of the 
 uterine arteries may be perceived through the 
 vagina in the posterior culdesac as early as 
 the fourth week. 
 
 coriation, rent, or chapping. Also, a pendu- 
 lous condition of the scrotum. 
 
 Rhacous (ra'-kus) [paKoc, a rag]. Wrinkled; 
 lacerated. 
 
 Rhagades irag'-ad-ez) [pa-fag, fissure]. Linear 
 cracks or fissures, especially in the skin. 
 
 A laxative 
 
 Reuss' Formula. The formula by means of Rhagoid (rag'-oid) [pa$, a grape; eldoc, like- 
 
 which the amount of albumin contained in 
 
 pathologic exudates and transudates can be 
 
 approximately calculated when the specific 
 
 gravity, that depends upon the amount of 
 
 albumin present, is known: E = f (S — 1000) 
 
 — 2.8; E = percentage of albumin contained 
 
 in Jhe fluid; S = specific gravity of the fluid. 
 
 R.'s Test for Atropin, heat the substance 
 
 to be tested with sulfuric acid and an oxidiz- 
 ing agent; in the presence of atropin a fra- 
 grance as of roses and orange-flowers is given 
 
 off. 
 Revellent {re-veV-ent). See Revulsive. 
 Revilliod's Sign. Inability of the patient to 
 
 close the eye of the affected side only; it is 
 
 observed in paralysis of the superior facial 
 
 nerve. Syn., Signe de V orbiculaire. 
 Revivification [re-viv-i}-ik-a f -shun) [revivifi- 
 
 catio]. 1. Restoration to consciousness. 2. 
 
 The refreshening of surfaces by paring before 
 
 placing them in apposition. 
 Revulsant (re-vul'-sant) [see Revulsion]. 1. 
 
 Causing revulsion. 2. See Revulsive. 
 Revulsion {re-vuV -shun) [re, back; vellere, 
 
 to pluck]. A plucking or driving backward; 
 
 specifically, the diverting of disease from one 
 
 part to another by the sudden withdrawal of 
 
 the blood from the part. 
 Revulsive (re-vul'-siv) [see Revulsion]. 1. 
 
 Causing revulsion. 2. An agent that causes 
 
 revulsion. 
 Revulsor {re-vuV-sor). 1. An apparatus for 
 
 nessj. Resembling a grape. 
 
 Rhamnin (ram'-nin) [rhamnus]. 
 fluidextract of cascara sagrada. 
 
 Rhamnose (ram'-noz) [rhamnus], C 6 H 12 O s . One 
 of the glucoses. It results upon decomposing 
 various glucosids with dilute sulfuric acid. 
 
 Rhamnus (ram'-nus) [pap.vog, buckthorn]. A 
 genus of trees and shrubs; buckthorns. R. 
 purshiana (U. S. P.), cascara sagrada. The 
 dried bark of R. purshiana, the California 
 buckthorn. It is used as a laxative in habit- 
 ual constipation. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
 Dose of the extract {extractum rhamni pur- 
 shiana, U. S. P.) 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.); of the 
 ■fluidextract {jluidextr actum rhamni purshiana, 
 U. S. P.) 15 min. (1 Cc); of the aromatic 
 fluidextract (fluidextr actum rhamni purshiana 
 aromaticum, U. S. P.) 15 min. (1 Cc). See 
 also Cascara sagrada. 
 
 Rhaphania {ra}-a'-ne-ah). See Raphania. 
 
 Rhaphe (ra'-}e). See Raphe. 
 
 Rhatany (rat'-an-e). See Krameria. 
 
 Rhegma {reg'-mah) [pfjf/Jta, a rent]. A rupture 
 of the walls of a vessel or of the containing 
 membrane of a tissue, as, for example, the 
 coats of the eye, the walls of the peritoneum. 
 Also, the bursting of an abscess. 
 
 Rhein (re' -in) [rheum]. 1. The precipitate 
 from a tincture of Rheum palmatum; it is 
 cathartic, tonic, cholagog, and antiseptic. 
 Dose 1-4 gr. (0.065-0.25 Gm.). 2. Same 
 as Chrysarobin. 
 
RHEO- 
 
 835 
 
 RHINENCEPHALON 
 
 Rheo- {re-o-) [pkoc, current]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to a current. 
 
 Rheochord {re'-o-kord). See Rheostat. 
 
 Rheometer {re-om'-et-er) [rheo-; pkxpov, a 
 measure], i. A galvanometer. 2. An ap- 
 paratus for measuring the velocity of the 
 blood-current. 
 
 Rheophore {re'-o-for) [rheo-; <f>ipsoj, to bear]. 
 An electrode. 
 
 Rheoscope {re'-o-skop) [rheo-; okotzs'iv, to see]. 
 An instrument for demonstrating the exist- 
 ence of an electric current; a galvanoscope. 
 
 Rheostat {re'-o-stat) [rheo-; loxavo.c, to stand]. 
 An instrument introduced into an electric 
 current and offering a known resistance, for 
 the purpose of regulating the strength of the 
 current. 
 
 Rheotachygraphy {re-o-tak-ig'-raf-e) [rheo-; 
 raxbf, swift; ypafaiv, to write]. The regis- 
 tration of the curve of variation in electromo- 
 tive action of muscles. 
 
 Rheotome {re'-o-tom) [rheo-; rifiv^ev, to cut]. 
 An instrument for breaking and making a 
 galvanic circuit; an interrupter. R., Differ- 
 ential, one for indicating the negative varia- 
 tion in muscle-currents. 
 
 Rheotrope {re'-o-trop) [rheo-; xpkrzscv, to turn]. 
 An apparatus for reversing the direction of an 
 electric current. 
 
 Rhestocythemia {res-to-si-the' -me-ah) [pacoxoc, 
 destroyed; kuxoc, cell; alp.a, blood]. The 
 presence of broken-down erythrocytes in the 
 blood. 
 
 Rheum {re'-um). 1. See Rhubarb. 2. [peup.a, 
 from peev, to flow.] Any w T atery or catarrhal 
 discharge. R., Salt-, eczema. 
 
 Rheumagon {ru'-ma-gon) [rheum; ajecv, to 
 carry off]. A proprietary preparation of 
 sodium iodid and sodium phosphate for use 
 in gout and syphilis. 
 
 Rheumarthritis, Rheumarthrosis {ru-mar- 
 thri'-tis, ru-mar -thro' -sis) [rheum; apOpov, a 
 joint; exec, inflammation]. Acute articular 
 rheumatism. 
 
 Rheumatalgia {ru - mat - aV - je - ah) [rheum; 
 aXyoc, pain]. Rheumatic pain. 
 
 Rheumatic {ru-mat'-ik) [rheum]. Pertaining 
 to, of the nature of, or affected with rheuma- 
 tism. R. Diathesis, the condition of body 
 tending to the development of rheumatism. 
 R. Fever, acute articular rheumatism. R. 
 Gout. Synonym of Rheumatoid arthritis. 
 
 Rheumatin {ru' -mat-in). See Saloquinin Sal- 
 icylate. 
 
 Rheumatism {ru' -mat-izm) [rheum]. A con- 
 stitutional disease characterized by pain in 
 the joints and muscles, tending to recur, and 
 associated with exposure to cold and wet. 
 R., Acute Articular, a form characterized 
 by fever, by swelling of various joints, begin- 
 ning usually in one and rapidly spreading to 
 others, by acid sweats, and by a marked 
 tendency to involve the endocardium, less 
 frequently the pericardium, pleura, and peri- 
 toneum. The iris and conjunctiva may also 
 become affected. R., Chronic, a chronic 
 form in which the symptoms are milder and 
 
 in which the disease attacks either the muscles 
 {muscular rheumatism) or the joints {chronic 
 articular rheumatism). R. , Gonorrheal, joint- 
 inflammation occurring in association with 
 gonorrheal urethritis. It generally involves 
 but one joint; if several are affected, it is 
 usually the smaller joints. The course is 
 chronic. R., Inflammatory, acute articular 
 rheumatism. R., Synovial, a rheumatic dis- 
 order of the synovial membranes with serous 
 accumulation. 
 
 Rheumatismal {ru-ma-tiz' -mat) [rheumatism]. 
 Pertaining to rheumatism. 
 
 Rheumato-, Rheumo- {ru-mat-o-, ru-mo-) 
 [rheumatism]. Prefixes meaning relating to 
 rheumatism. 
 
 Rheumatoid {ru'-ma-toid) [rheumato-; eldoc, 
 like]. Resembling rheumatism. R. Ar- 
 thritis. See Arthritis, Rheumatoid. 
 
 Rheumatokelis {ru-mat-o-ke' -lis) [rheumato-; 
 kt)Mc, a spot]. Purpura occurring in con- 
 junction with rheumatism. 
 
 Rheumatophthisis {ru-mat-o ff'-this-is) [rheu- 
 mato-; phthisis]. Atrophy the result of 
 rheumatism. 
 
 Rheumatopyra {ru-mat-o-pi'-rah) [rheumato-; 
 -up, fire]. Rheumatic fever. 
 
 Rheumatosis {ru-mat-o' -sis) [rheum]. The con- 
 dition due to the action of poisons in the blood 
 affecting the articular and endocardial parts. 
 
 Rheumatospasm {ru-maf -o-spazm) [rheuma- 
 to-; o~aop.de, a spasm]. Spasms due to 
 rheumatism. 
 
 Rheumic {ru'-mik) [rheum]. Pertaining to 
 rheum. R. Diathesis, one that gives rise to 
 cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Rheumodontalgia {ru-mo-don-tal'-je-ah) [rheu- 
 mo-; odontalgia]. Toothache of rheumatic 
 origin. 
 
 Rheumophthalmia {ru-moff-thal' -me-ah) [rheu- 
 mo-; ophthalmia]. Ophthalmia due to rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 Rheumotylus {ru-mo-tiV -us) [rheumo-; xbloc, a 
 knob]. A callus the result of rheumatism. 
 
 Rhexis {reks'-is) [pf^ec, rupture]. Rupture of 
 a vessel or of an organ. 
 
 Rhicnosis {rik-no'-sis) [pcuvoc, shriveled]. A 
 wrinkling of the skin, the result of muscular 
 atrophy. 
 
 Rhigolene {rig'-o-len) [p'eyoc, cold]. A very 
 volatile liquid obtained from petroleum by 
 distillation, and used as a local anesthetic. 
 Its rapid evaporation freezes and benumbs 
 the part upon which it is sprayed. 
 
 Rhin-, Rhino- {rin-, ri-no-) [pec, nose]. A pre- 
 fix signifying pertaining to the nose. 
 
 Rhinalgia {ri-nal'-je-ah) [rhin-; aXyoc, pain]. 
 Pain in the nose. 
 
 Rhinalgin {ri-nal'-jin). A nasal suppository, 
 recommended in coryza, said to contain cacao- 
 butter, 1 Gm.; alumnol, 0.01 Gm.; menthol, 
 0.025 Gm.; and oil of valerian, 0.025 Gm. 
 
 Rhinedema {ri-ne-de'-mah) [rhin-; edema]. 
 Edema affecting the nose. 
 
 Rhinelcos {ri-nel'-kos) [rhin-; Ukoc, an ulcer]. 
 A nasal ulcer. 
 
 Rhinencephalon {ri-nen-sef -al-on) [rhin-; iy- 
 
RHINENCHYSIS 
 
 836 
 
 akcjiaXoc, brain]. The olfactory lobe of the 
 brain. 
 
 Rhinenchysis {ri-nen'-ki-sis) [rhin-; ijxe'tv, to 
 pour in]. The injection of liquid into the 
 nasal cavities. 
 
 Rhinesthesia {ri-nes-the' -ze-ah) [rhin-; a'codrjocg, 
 sensation]. The sense of smell. 
 
 Rhineurynter {ri-nu-rin' -ter) [rhin-; eupuvecv, 
 to dilate]. A distensible bag or sac which is 
 inflated after insertion into the nostril. 
 
 Rhinhematoma {rin-hem-at-o'-mah) [rhin-; 
 hematoma]. An effusion of blood into the 
 nasal cartilage. 
 
 Rhinion {rin'-e-on) [peg, nose]. The lower 
 point of the suture between the nasal bones. 
 See under Craniometric Point. 
 
 Rhinitis {ri-ni'-tis) [rhin-; cue, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane. 
 R., Acute, coryza; cold in the head. R., 
 Chronic, a form usually due to repeated 
 attacks of acute rhinitis, and producing in 
 the early stages hypertrophy of the mucous 
 membrane {hypertrophic rhinitis) and in the 
 later stages atrophy {atrophic rhinitis), and 
 the presence of dark, offensively smelling 
 crusts. R., Fibrinous, a rare form of rhin- 
 itis characterized by the development of a false 
 membrane in the nose. R., Pseudomem- 
 branous. See R., Fibrinous. R., Syphil- 
 itic, a chronic form due to syphilis, and 
 usually attended by ulceration and caries of 
 the bone and an offensive discharge (ozena). 
 R., Tuberculous, that due to the tubercle 
 bacillus; it is usually associated with ulcera- 
 tion and caries of the bones. 
 
 Rhinobyon {ri-no' -be-on) [rhino-; ftuecv, to stop]. 
 A nasal plug or tampon. 
 
 Rhinocanthectomy {ri - no - kan - thek'- to - me) . 
 See Rhinommectomy. 
 
 Rhinocephalus {ri-no-sef'-al-us) [rhino-; K£(f>aXrj, 
 head]. A monster in which the nose resembles 
 a tube and the eyes are fused below the nose. 
 
 Rhinocheiloplasty {ri-no-ki' '4o-plas-te) [rhino-; 
 cheilo plasty]. Plastic surgery of the nose and 
 
 lip- 
 Rhinocleisis {ri-no-kW -sis) [rhino-, icXelocc, 
 
 fastening]. Nasal obstruction. 
 Rhinocnesmus {ri - nok - nez' - mus) [rhino-; 
 
 Kvt}0 ii.be ', an itching]. Itching of the nose. 
 Rhinodacryolith {ri - no - dak' - re - o - lith) 
 
 [rhino-; dacryolith]. A lacrimal stone in the 
 
 nasal duct. 
 Rhinoderma {ri-no-der'-mah). See Keratosis 
 
 pilaris. 
 Rhinodynia {ri-no-din' -e-ah) [rhino-; ddovq, 
 
 pain]. Any pain in the nose. 
 Rhinolalia {ri-no-la' -le-ah) [rhino-; XaXca, 
 
 speech]. Imperfect articulation due to undue 
 
 closure {rhinolalia clausa) or undue patu- 
 
 lousness {rhinolalia aperta) of the posterior 
 
 nares. 
 Rhinolaryngitis {ri-no-lar-in-ji'-tis). Simul- 
 taneous inflammation of the mucosa of the 
 
 nose and larynx. 
 Rhinolaryngology {ri -no- lar - in - gol' -o- je) . 
 
 The science of the anatomy, physiology and 
 
 pathology of the nose and larynx. 
 
 RHINOPLASTY 
 
 Xcdoc, a stone]. 
 
 Rhinolith {ri 1 ' -no-lit h) [rhino-; 
 
 A nasal calculus. 
 Rhinologic (ri-no-lof -ik) [rhinology]. Per- 
 taining to rhinology. 
 Rhinologist {ri-nol' -o-jist) [rhinology]. A 
 
 specialist in the treatment of diseases of the 
 
 nose. 
 Rhinology {ri-nol' -O-je) [rhino-; X6yoc, science]. 
 
 The science of the anatomy, functions, and 
 
 diseases of the nose. 
 Rhinometer {ri-nom'-et-er) [rhino-; /xhpov, a 
 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 
 nose. 
 
 Rhinometer. 
 
 Rhinomiosis {ri-no-mi-o' -sis) [rhino-; fisctoocc, 
 a lessening]. Operative shortening of the 
 nose. 
 
 Rhinommectome {ri-nom - ek' - to- me) See 
 Rhinommectomy . 
 
 Rhinommectomy {ri-nom-ek' -to-me) [rhino-; 
 ofJLfxa, the eye; ii<rop.7], a cutting out]. Ex- 
 cision of the inner canthus of the eye. 
 
 Rhinonecrosis {ri-no-ne-kro'-sis). Necrosis of 
 the nasal bones. 
 
 Rhinopharyngitis {ri - no - jar - in - ji'- tis) . See 
 Nasopharyngitis. 
 
 Rhinopharyngolith (ri - no - far - ing' - go - lith) 
 [rhino-; pharynx; XWoc, a stone]. A naso- 
 pharyngeal calculus. 
 
 Rhinophonia {ri-no-fo'-ne-ah) [rhino-; (fxvvr), 
 sound]. A nasal tone in speaking. 
 
 Rhinophyma {ri-no-fi' '-mah) [rhino-; cf)up.a, 
 tumor]. A form of acne rosacea of the nose 
 characterized by a marked hypertrophy of the 
 blood-vessels and the connective tissue, pro- 
 ducing a lobulated appearance of the nose. 
 
 Rhinoplasty (ri'-no-plas-te) [rhino-; itXdoas.iv, 
 to mold]. A plastic operation upon the nose. 
 
RHINOPOLYP 
 
 837 
 
 RHUBARB 
 
 R., Indian. See Operation, Indian. R., 
 Tagliacotian. See Operation, Italian. 
 
 Rhinopolyp, Rhinopolypus (ri-no-pol'-ip, -us) 
 [rhino-; polyp]. Polyp of the nose. 
 
 Rhinoptia (ri-nop' -she-ah) [rhino-; otczoc, 
 seen]. Internal strabismus. 
 
 Rhinorrhagia (ri-nor-a' -je-ah) [rhino-; prjfvovac, 
 to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the nose. 
 
 Rhinorrhea (ri-nor-e' -ah) [rhino-; po'ca, a 
 flow]. A mucous discharge from the nose. 
 
 Rhinosalpingitis (ri-no-sal-pin-ji'-tis). Sim- 
 ultaneous inflammation of the nasal mucosa 
 and the eustachian tube. 
 
 Rhinosclerin (ri-no-skle' -rin) [rhino scleroma]. 
 A preparation from cultures of Bacillus rhino- 
 scleromatis; used in the treatment of rhino- 
 scleroma. 
 
 Rhinoscleroma (ri-no-sHe-ro'-mah) [rhino-; 
 onX-qpoc, hard; bfia, tumor]. A newgrowth 
 of "almost stony hardness, affecting the an- 
 terior nares and adjacent parts. The dis- 
 ease commences in the mucous membrane 
 of the anterior nares and adjoining skin, the 
 lesions consisting of flat, isolated, or coales- 
 cent nodules. It is thought to be due to 
 Bacillus rhinoscleromatis. 
 
 Rhinoscope (ri'-no-skdp) [rhino-; onoTielv, to 
 examine]. An instrument for examination of 
 the cavities of the nose. 
 
 Rhinoscopy (ri-nos'-ko-pe) [see Rhinoscope]. 
 Examination of the nasal fossas by means of 
 the rhinoscope; that of the anterior nares is 
 termed anterior rhinoscopy; that of the pos- 
 terior nares, posterior rhinoscopy. 
 
 Rhinostegnosis (ri-no-steg-no' -sis) [rhino-; 
 OTeyvcootc, obstruction]. Nasal obstruction. 
 
 Rhino thrix (ri'-no-thriks) [rhino-; dp'£, a 
 hair; pi., rhinotriches]. A hair growing in 
 the nostril. 
 
 Rhizo- (ri-zo-) [rhizome]. A prefix meaning root. 
 
 Rhizodontrypy (ri-zo-don' -trip-e) [rhizo-; boobc, 
 tooth; TpuizT), hole]. Surgical puncture of the 
 root of a tooth. 
 
 Rhizome (ri'-zom) [pi£a, root]. A subterra- 
 nean stem having roots at its nodes and a bud 
 or shoot at its apex. 
 
 Rhizoneure (ri f -zo-nur) [rhizo-; veupov, a 
 nerve]. One of those cells that form nerve- 
 roots. 
 
 Rhizoneuron (ri-zo-nu' -ron) [see Rhizoneure]. 
 A neuron the nerve-processes of which leave 
 the spinal cord through the anterior horn; a 
 motor nerve-cell. 
 
 Rhizonychium (ri-zo-nik' -e-um) [rhizo-; 6vu£, 
 the nail]. The root of the nail. 
 
 Rhizopod (ri'-zo-pod) [rhizo-; node, foot]. A 
 member of the Rhizopoda, a subclass of pro- 
 tozoa or animalcules. 
 
 Rhodallin (ro-dal f -in) . See Thiosinamin. 
 
 Rhodanate (ro'-dan-at). A sulfocyanate. 
 
 Rhodesian Cattle Disease. An African dis- 
 ease of cattle transmitted by the brown tick, 
 Rhipicephalus shipleyi. 
 
 Rhodogenesis (ro-do-jen' '-es-is) [podoc, rose; 
 yevvdv, to produce]. The regeneration of 
 visual purple which has been bleached by 
 light. 
 
 Rhodophane (ro' -do-fan) [podov, rose; (fxxvrjc, 
 appearing]. A red pigment found in the 
 retinal cones. 
 
 Rhodophylaxis (ro-do-fil-aks'-is) [podov, rose; 
 (fruAaiic, a guarding]. The property possessed 
 by the retinal epithelium of producing rhodo- 
 genesis. 
 
 Rhodopsin (ro-dop'-sin) [podov, rose; a><f>, eye]. 
 Visual purple; a retinal substance the color 
 of which is preserved by darkness, but 
 bleached by daylight; it is contained in the 
 retinal rods. 
 
 Rhomboatloideus (rom-bo-at-loid'-e-us). See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Rhomboid (rom'-boid) [pop. floe, a rhomb; eldoc, 
 resemblance]. Having a shape similar to that 
 of a rhomb, a quadrilateral figure with op- 
 posite sides equal and parallel and oblique 
 angles. R. Fossa, the fourth ventricle of the 
 brain. R. Ligament. See Ligament, Rhomboid. 
 
 Rhomboideus (rom-boid'-e-us). See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Rhoncal (rong'-kal). Same as Rhonchal. 
 
 Rhonchal (rong'-kal) [rhonchus]. Relating to or 
 produced by a rhonchus, as rhonchal fremitus. 
 
 Rhonchus (rong'-kus) [f>6xx°C, snore]. A rat- 
 tling sound produced in the throat or bronchial 
 tubes during respiration. See Rale. 
 
 Rhotacism (ro'-tas-izm) [poj, the Greek p, r]. 
 The use of the r sound in place of other 
 speech-sounds; the too strong utterance of 
 the letter r. 
 
 Rhubarb (ru'-barb) [pfjov, rhubarb]. The 
 general name for plants of the genus Rheum, 
 of the order Polygonacea. The official drug 
 (rheum, U. S. P.; rhei radix, B. P.) is the bark 
 of Rheum officinale or Rheum palmatum; 
 it contains chrysophanic acid, tannic acid 
 (rheotannic acid), and several coloring prin- 
 ciples, and is used as a laxative, stomachic, 
 and astringent. Its chief uses are in dyspepsia 
 with constipation, in the diarrhea of children, 
 and in the beginning of bilious fevers. Dose 
 5-30 gr. (0.32-2.0 Gm.). R., Extract of 
 (extractum rhei, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 10-15 
 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). R., Fluidextract of 
 (fluidextr actum rhei, U. S. P.). Dose 10-30 
 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). R., Infusion of (in- 
 fusum rhei, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 
 R., Pills of, Compound (pilules rhei com- 
 posites, U. S. P.), pills of rhubarb and aloes. 
 Dose 2-4 pills. R., Powder of, Compound 
 (pulvis rhei compositus, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 Gregory's powder. Dose ^-1 dr. (2-4 Gm.). 
 R. and Soda, Mixture of (mistura rhei 
 et sodce, U. S. P.). Dose f-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). 
 R., Syrup of (syrupus rhei, U. S. P., B. P.). 
 Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). R., Syrup of, Aromatic 
 (syrupus rhei aromaticus, U. S. P.). Dose 
 1 dr. (4 Cc). Both the syrup and the aro- 
 matic syrup are used chiefly for children, in the 
 doses given. R., Tincture of (tinctura rhei, 
 U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). R., 
 Tincture of, Aromatic (tinctura rhei aromat- 
 ica, U. S. P.). Dose £-1 dr. (2-4 Cc). R., 
 Wine of (vinum rhei, B. P.). Dose 
 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
 
RHUS 
 
 838 RIEGLER'S TEST FOR ALBUMIN 
 
 Rhus (rus) [pouc, sumac]. A genus of shrubs 
 or small trees of the order Anacardiacece. The 
 dried fruit of R. glabra, sumac, constitutes 
 the rhus glabra of the U. S. P., and is used 
 as an astringent in inflammations of the mouth 
 and throat, in the form of a decoction or the 
 official fluidextradum rhois glabra;. R. toxi- 
 codendron, the poison-ivy, is a powerful 
 irritant and. produces in susceptible persons a 
 violent dermatitis with vesicles and intense 
 itching (ivy-poisoning). The active agent 
 seems to be an acid called toxicodendric acid. 
 In overdoses taken internally it acts as a 
 narcotic poison. It has been employed in 
 chronic rheumatism and in incontinence of 
 urine. Unof. R. venenata, swamp-sumac, 
 is also poisonous. 
 
 Rhypophobia (ri-po-fo' -be-ah) [punoc, filth; 
 (froftelv, to fear]. A morbid dread of filth. 
 
 Rhyptic (rip'-tik) [ptmecv, to cleanse]. Deter- 
 gent; cleansing; cathartic. 
 
 Rhythm (rithm) [pudp.6c, rhythm]. Action or 
 function recurring at regular intervals. 
 
 Rhythmophone (rith'-mo-fon) [rhythm; (frajurj, 
 sound]. A form of microphone for studying 
 the heart-beat and pulse-beat. 
 
 Rhytidosis (rit-id-o'-sis). See Rutidosis. 
 
 Rib [AS., ribb]. One of the 24 long, flat, 
 curved bones forming the wall of the thorax. 
 R.s, Abdominal, the floating ribs. R.s, 
 Asternal, the false ribs. R.s, Cervical, rib- 
 like processes extending ventrally from the 
 cervical vertebras. R., False, one of the five 
 lower ribs not attached to the sternum 
 directly. R., Floating, one of the last two 
 ribs which have one end free. R.s, Short, 
 the false ribs. R.s, Sternal, the true ribs. 
 R., True, one of the seven upper ribs that 
 are attached to the sternum. R.s, Vertebro- 
 chondral, the highest three false ribs; they 
 are united in front by their costal cartilages. 
 
 Ribes' Ganglion. See Ganglion of Ribes. 
 
 Ribesin {ri-be'-zin) [ribesiicm, currant]. The 
 juice of the black currant, Ribes nigrum, 
 used for staining microscopic sections. 
 
 Rice (rls). A plant, Oryza sativa, of the 
 Graminece; also its seed. Rice is used as a 
 food, as a demulcent, and, in the form of rice- 
 water, as a drink in fevers. R. -water Evac- 
 uations, the name given to the bowel dis- 
 charges in cholera. 
 
 Richardson's Method of Auscultation. The 
 introduction into the esophagus of an elastic 
 bougie or tube connected with the ear-pieces 
 of a stethoscope. 
 
 Richter's Hernia. See Hernia, Richter's. 
 
 Richter-Monro's Line. See Monro's Line. 
 
 Ricin {ris'-in) [ricinus, castor-oil]. A poison- 
 ous proteid found in the castor-oil bean. 
 
 Ricinin {ris'-in-in) [ricinus]. A poisonous 
 crystalline substance obtained from castor- 
 oil. 
 
 Ricinism {ris'-in-izni). Poisoning from the 
 seeds of Ricinus communis; it is marked by 
 hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and icterus. 
 
 Ricinus {ris'-in-us) [L., "a tick," from the re- 
 semblance of the seed to that insect]. A 
 
 plant or tree, R. communis, or castor-oil 
 plant, of' the order Euphorbiacecs. Ricini, 
 Oleum (U. S. P.), castor-oil, the fixed oil 
 expressed from the seeds of R. communis; it 
 is used as a cathartic in constipation, colic, 
 and irritative diarrheas. Dose ^ oz. (16 Cc). 
 
 Rickets (rik'-ets). See Rachitis. 
 
 Rickety {rik'-et-e) [rickets]. Affected with or 
 distorted by rickets. 
 
 Ricord's Chancre. The parchment-like initial 
 lesion of syphilis. Syn., Chancre parchemine. 
 
 Rictus {rik'-tus) [L., from ringi, to gape]. A 
 fissure or cleft; a gaping, as of the mouth. 
 R. lupinus, cleft palate. 
 
 Rider's Bone. An osseous formation in the 
 adductor muscles of the leg, from long-con- 
 tinued pressure of the leg against the saddle. 
 
 Ridge (rij) [ME., rigge, the back of a man or 
 beast]. An extended elevation or crest. R., 
 Genital, the germ-ridge, in front of and in- 
 ternal to the wolffian body, from which the 
 internal reproductive organs are developed. 
 R., Intervertebral, that on the vertebral 
 end of a rib dividing the articular surface into 
 two portions. R., Maxillary, the dental 
 crest; a ridge of vascular fibrous tissue along 
 the alveolar processes of the fetus. R.s, 
 Occipital, the superior and inferior curved 
 lines of the occipital bone. R.s, Palatine, 
 the central ridge together with the lateral 
 corrugations of the mucosa of the hard palate; 
 they are especially noticeable in the human 
 fetus. R., Temporal, that extending from 
 the external angular process of the frontal 
 bone, across the frontal and parietal bones, 
 and terminating in the posterior root of the 
 zygomatic process. 
 
 Ridley's Sinus. The circular sinus. 
 
 Riedel's Process. A tongue-shaped process 
 of the liver frequently felt over the enlarged 
 gall-bladder in cases of cholelithiasis. 
 
 Riegel's Syndrome. Riegel's disease; the 
 association of tachycardia with troubles 
 simulating asthma. 
 
 Riegler's Test for Albumin. 1. Calcium 
 naphtholsulfonate, 8; citric acid, 8; dissolve in 
 distilled water, 200; 10 Cc. of urine is mixed 
 with 10 to 20 drops of the reagent. Traces 
 of albumin are indicated by a turbidity; 
 larger quantities by a precipitate. Quantitative 
 determination may be made with an albumin- 
 ometer. 2. Ten Gm. betanaphthalinsulfonic 
 acid are well shaken with 200 Cc. water and 
 filtered. A turbidity or precipitate on adding 
 20 to 30 drops of reagent to 5 to 6 Cc. of fluid 
 indicates albumin. Sensitiveness, 1 : 40,000. 
 Albumoses and peptones react in a similar 
 manner, but the precipitate disappears on 
 warming and reappears on cooling. R.'s 
 Test for Albumoses and Peptones, dissolve 
 5 Gm. paranitranilin in 25 Cc. water and 6 
 Cc. concentrated sulfuric acid; add 100 Cc. 
 water, then a solution of sodium nitrite 3 Gm. 
 in 25 Cc. water, and make up to 500 Cc. with 
 water. Filter and preserve in the dark. 
 Mix 10 Cc. reagent with 10 Cc. fluid to be 
 tested, then add 30 drops 10% solution 
 
RIEUX'S HERNIA 
 
 839 RITTER-ROLLET'S PHENOMENON 
 
 NaOH — if very small quantities of albumoses 
 or peptones are present, a yellowish orange 
 color develops; with notable quantities a 
 blood-red, even the froth on shaking being red. 
 On now adding excess of H 2 S0 4 an orange or 
 brownish precipitate forms. R.'s Test for 
 Aldehyds and Glucose, heat o.i Gm. phenyl- 
 hydrazin hydrochlorate, 0.5 Gm. crystal 
 sodium acetate, and 1 Cc. sugar solution until 
 dissolved. When near boiling-point add 20 
 to 30 drops 10 % NaOH without shaking — 
 in a few seconds to 5 minutes liquid becomes 
 violet-red, even if there is but 0.005 % sugar 
 present. If no sugar present, color will be a 
 slight pink. For sugar in urine, color must 
 develop within one minute to afford physio- 
 logic significance. Reaction also occurs with 
 aldehyds, hence absence of these must be 
 assured. According to Jolles, absence of 
 albumin must also be assured. Reaction 
 uninfluenced by uric acid or creatinin. R.'s 
 Test for Bile -pigments, on adding an excess 
 of paradiazonitranilin solution to an alkaline 
 solution of bilirubin or biliverdin, intensely 
 colored reddish-violet flocks are precipitated, 
 soluble in chloroform, alcohol, or benzin, and 
 affording reddish-violet or violet solution. 
 R.'s Test for Nitrites, 15 Cc. of the fluid 
 to be examined is mixed in a test-tube with 
 0.02 to 0.03 Gm. of the naphthol reagent 
 '(equal parts naphthionic acid and pure 
 betanaphthol) and 2 or 3 drops concentrated 
 HC1, shaken, and 1 Cc. strong NH 3 poured 
 down the side of the tube, while held in a 
 slanting position; presence of nitrites is in- 
 dicated by appearance of a red zone, and on 
 shaking the whole solution turns red. R.'s 
 Test for Uric Acid, paranitranilin, 0.5 Gm.; 
 water, 10 Cc; pure concentrated H 2 S0 4 , 
 15 drops. Put into a glass flask of 150 Cc. 
 capacity, and heat with agitation until dis- 
 solved. Water 20 Cc. is now added, the 
 mixture cooled quickly, 2.5 % NaN0 2 solu- 
 tion 10 Cc. is added, and diluted, after 15 
 minutes, with water 60 Cc. The mixture is 
 shaken up repeatedly and filtered. The for- 
 mation of a blue or green color on adding the 
 reagent and 10% NaOH solution indicates 
 presence of uric acid. 
 
 Rieux's Hernia. Retrocecal hernia. 
 
 Riga's Disease. Papillomatous ulceration of 
 the frenum of the tongue, covered with a 
 whitish, diphtheroid exudate. 
 
 Rigg's Disease. See Fauchard's Disease. 
 
 Rigidity (pi-id' -it-e) [rigidus, stiff]. Stiffness; 
 immobility. R., Cadaveric, R., Postmor- 
 tem, rigor mortis. 
 
 Rigor (ri'-gor) [rigor, from rigere, to be cold]. 
 Chill. R. mortis, the muscular rigidity that 
 occurs a short time after death, due to chemic 
 changes resulting in coagulation of the muscle- 
 plasma and the development of an acid reac- 
 1 tion. 
 
 Rima {ri'-mah). A chink or cleft. R. glottidis, 
 the cleft between the true vocal bands; the 
 glottis. 
 
 Rimula (rim'-u-lah) [dim. of rima, a chink]. 
 
 A small cleft or fissure, especially of the spinal 
 cord or the cerebellum. 
 
 Rinderpest (rin'-der-pest) [Ger., "cattle-pest"]. 
 An acute infectious disease of cattle, appear- 
 ing occasionally among sheep and other rum- 
 inants. 
 
 Rindfleisch's Granule-cells. Eosinophil leu- 
 kocytes with granulations. 
 
 Ring [ME.]. A circular opening or the 
 structure surrounding it. See Annulus. R.- 
 bodies, peculiar ring-shaped bodies found in 
 the erythrocytes in pernicious anemia, leuke- 
 mia, and lead-poisoning. 
 
 Ringworm. Tinea trichophytina, a conta- 
 gious disease of the skin due to a vegetable 
 parasite, the trichophyton. See Tinea. 
 
 Rinmann's Sign of Early Pregnancy. 
 Slender cords radiating from the nipple ; they 
 are considered to be hypertrophic acini of the 
 glands. 
 
 Rhine's Test (rin'-na). A test to determine 
 the condition of the various parts of the ear, 
 performed by applying a vibrating tuning- 
 fork first over the mastoid process, leaving 
 it there until the patient seems no longer to 
 hear the sound, and then as quickly as pos- 
 sible bringing it immediately in front of the 
 external meatus, avoiding all contact with the 
 head or ear. If the patient is then able to 
 hear the sound of the tuning-fork once more, 
 it indicates that the conduction through the air 
 is better than through the bone. 
 
 Riolan's Arch. The arch of the mesentery 
 which is attached to the transverse mesocolon. 
 R.'s Bouquet, the muscular bundle attached 
 to the styloid process and composed of the 
 styloglossus, stylohyoid, and stvlopharyngeus. 
 R.'s Muscle, the ciliary portion of the or- 
 bicularis palpebrarum. R.'s Ossicles, small 
 bones sometimes found in the suture between 
 the inferior border of the occipital bone and 
 the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. ■ 
 
 Ripault's Sign. A change in the shape of 
 the pupil on pressure upon the eye, transitory 
 during life, but permanent after death. 
 
 Risorius (ri-zo'-re-us) [ridere, to laugh]. Laugh- 
 ing. R. Muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Risus (ri'-zus) [L.]. A grin or laugh. R. 
 sardonicus, the sardonic grin, a peculiar 
 grinning distortion of the face produced by 
 spasm of the muscles about the mouth, seen 
 in tetanus. 
 
 Ritter's Disease. Dermatitis exfoliativa of 
 the newborn. R.'s Fiber, a delicate fiber 
 regarded as a nerve-fiber, seen in the axis of 
 a retinal rod, near the peripheral end of which 
 it forms a small enlargement. R.'s Law of 
 Contraction, stimulation of a nerve occurs 
 both at the moment of closing and of opening 
 of the electric current. R.'s Tetanus, tetanic 
 contractions occurring on the opening of the 
 constant current which has been made to pass 
 for some time through a long section of a 
 nerve. In man the phenomenon does not 
 occur under physiologic conditions, but it is 
 seen in tetany. 
 
 Ritter-Rollet's Phenomenon. Flexion of the 
 
RITTER-VALLI'S LAW 
 
 840 ROLANDO'S ARCIFORM FIBERS 
 
 foot following the application of a mild gal- 
 vanic current, and extension following that 
 of a strong current. 
 
 Ritter-Valli's Law. Section of a living nerve 
 is followed by a gradual loss of irritability, 
 preceded by a slight increase, the phenomenon 
 taking place centrifugally from the divided 
 end. 
 
 Riverius' Draft. A solution of sodium citrate. 
 
 Rivinian Canals, R. Ducts. The ducts of 
 the sublingual gland. R. Foramen. See 
 Bochdalek's Canal. R. Glands, the sublin- 
 gual glands. R. Ligament. See ShrapnelVs 
 Membrane. R. Notch, R. Segment, a notch 
 of irregular outline at the upper border of the 
 sulcus tympanicus; it is marked at each end 
 by a small spine. 
 
 Rivolta's Disease. Actinomycosis. 
 
 Rixolin {riks' -ol-in) . A mixture of petroleum 
 and light oil of camphor. 
 
 Riziform (riz'-ij-orm). Resembling grains of 
 rice. 
 
 Rob. A confection made of fruit-juice, espe- 
 cially of that of the mulberry. 
 
 Robert's Pelvis. The transversely contracted 
 or doubly synostotic pelvis; ankylosis of both 
 sacroiliac synchondroses, the sacrum being 
 absent or undeveloped. 
 
 Roberts' Test for Albumin. Float the 
 urine on the surface of a saturated common 
 salt solution containing 5 % of hydrochloric 
 acid, of specific gravity 1.052. A white ring 
 or zone formed between the two liquids 
 indicates albumin. Roberts suggests that 
 a mixture of 1 part strong nitric acid and 5 
 parts saturated magnesium sulfate solution 
 may be employed also. R.'s Test for Glu- 
 cose in Urine, find the specific gravity of the 
 urine at a known temperature by means of a 
 urinometer supplied with a thermometer. 
 Acidify slightly with tartaric acid, and add a 
 piece of yeast the size of a pea, and shake. 
 Let it stand in a warm place (2o°-25° C.) for 
 24 hours. Filter through a dry filter and cool 
 to the same temperature at which the specific 
 gravity was previously taken. Take the 
 specific gravity again. Every degree of 
 density lost represents 1 grain of glucose to 
 the ounce of urine. 
 
 Robertson's Pupil. See A rgyll Robertson Pupil. 
 
 Robin (ro'-bin). A toxic albuminoid from the 
 bark of the locust tree, Robinia pseudacacia; 
 its action is similar to that of abrin and ricin. 
 
 Robin's Myeloplaxes. Osteoclasts. 
 
 Roborant (ro'-bor-ant) [robor, strength]. 1. 
 Tonic, strengthening. 2. A tonic or strength- 
 ening remedy. 
 
 Roborat (ro'-bor-at) [see Roborant]. An albu- 
 minous dietetic prepared from maize, con- 
 taining lecithin and glycerinophosphoric acid. 
 
 Roborin (ro'-bor-in). A grayish-green powder 
 or brown mass, obtained from blood, and said 
 to consist of water, 7.6%, calcium carbonate, 
 10.23 %> common salt, 1.7 %, iron oxid, 0.49 %, 
 other mineral substances, 1.28%, albuminoids, 
 78.63%; the last are principally calcic al- 
 buminates. 
 
 Roccella (rok-sel'-ah). A genus of plants of 
 the Roccellece. R. tinctoria is the litmus-plant. 
 
 Rochelle Salt (ro-shel'). Potassium and so- 
 dium tartrate. 
 
 Rock-oil. See Petroleum. 
 
 Rod [ME.]. One of numerous slender 
 bacillary structures, as in the retina. R.- 
 and-cone Layer, R. and Cones. See 
 under Retina. R. -granules, cells of the 
 outer nuclear layer of the retina; they are 
 characterized by transverse strias and 
 give off processes connected with the nerve- 
 fiber layer of the retina. R.s, Retinal, 
 cylindric bodies found in the rods and cones 
 of the retina. 
 
 Rodagen (rod'-ah-jen). A proprietary pre- 
 paration of goats' milk for use in exophthal- 
 mic goiter. 
 
 Rodent Ulcer. See Ulcer, Rodent. 
 
 Rodriguez' Aneurysm. Varicose aneurysm 
 in which the sac is immediately contiguous to 
 the artery. 
 
 Roederer's Ecchymoses. See Bayard's Ec- 
 chymoses. R.'s Obliquity, flexion of the 
 chin when the child is engaged at the superior 
 pelvic strait during labor. 
 
 Roentgenism (rent' '-gen-izm) [Wilhelm Konrad 
 Roentgen, a German physician]. The applica- 
 tion of the roentgen-rays in therapeutics. 
 
 Roentgen-rays. See Rays, Roentgen-. 
 
 Roentography (rent-og' '*ra-fe). See Skiag- 
 raphy. 
 
 Roger's Disease. The presence of a con- 
 genital abnormal communication between the 
 ventricles of the heart. R.'s Symptom, 
 subnormal temperature during the third stage 
 of tuberculous meningitis, regarded by Roger 
 as pathognomonic of the disease. 
 
 Rokitansky's Disease. Acute yellow atrophy 
 of the liver. R.'s Tumor, an ovarian tumor 
 made up of a large number of cysts. 
 
 Rolandic (ro-lan'-dik) [Louis Rolando, an 
 Italian anatomist, 1 773-1831]. Described 
 by Rolando, as the rolandic fissure. 
 R. Angle, the acute angle formed by the 
 fissure of Rolando with the superior border 
 of the cerebral hemisphere. R. Area, the 
 excitomotor area of the cerebral hemispheres, 
 comprising the ascending frontal and ascend- 
 ing parietal convolutions. 
 
 Rolando's Arciform Fibers. The external 
 arcuate fibers of the oblongata. R.'s Cells, 
 the ganglion-cells found in Rolando's gelat- 
 inous substance. R.'s Fissure. See Fissure, 
 Rolando's. R. 's Funiculus, the lateral cuneate 
 funiculus, a longitudinal prominence caused 
 by Rolando's gelatinous substance on the 
 surface of the oblongata, between the cuneate 
 funiculus and the line of roots of the spinal 
 accessory nerve. R.'s Gelatinous Sub- 
 stance, the elongated column which forms a 
 continuation of the apexes of the posterior 
 horns of the spinal cord, extending from the 
 lumbar portion of the cord upward into the 
 pons. It consists of neuroglia and a number 
 of ganglion-cells. R.'s Tubercle, a mass of 
 gray matter forming the upper termination 
 
ROLAND OMETER 
 
 841 
 
 ROSENBACHS DISEASE 
 
 of Rolando's funiculus. The fibers given off 
 from its cells go to make up the sensor}- root 
 of the trigeminus. 
 
 Rolandometer (ro-land-om'-et-er). A device 
 for locating on the head the place of the fissure 
 of Rolando. 
 
 Roller's Nucleus, i. A nucleus situated 
 near the hilum of the olivary body of the 
 oblongata; it is connected with the fibers of 
 f he anterolateral fundamental tract of the 
 spinal cord. 2. An aggregation of small 
 ganglion-cells situated anteriorly to the 
 nuc'eus of the hypoglossal nerve. 
 
 Rollei -bandage. A bandage made into a 
 cylindric roll. 
 
 RolletY. Chancre. One partaking of the 
 characteristics of both simple and true 
 chancre. R.'s Nerve-corpuscles. See Cor- 
 puscle, Golgi's. R.'s Secondary Substance. 
 See JLngelmanris Lateral Disc. 
 
 Roman-Delluc's Test for Urobilin in Urine. 
 Shake 100 Cc. urine with 20 Cc. chloroform, 
 after acidulating with 8 to 10 drops acetic acid. 
 Overlay 2 Cc. of clear chloroformic solution 
 with 4 Cc. of 1 : 1000 solution zinc acetate in 
 95 % alcohol. At the line of separation a 
 characteristic green fluorescence will appear 
 if urobilin is present, more easily recognized 
 against a black background. On shaking, 
 fluorescence is more marked and the mixture 
 acquires a pink tint. 
 
 Romberg's Disease. Progressive facial hemi- 
 atrophy. R.'s Sign. 1. Swaying of the 
 body and inability to stand when the eyes are 
 closed and the feet placed together; it is seen 
 in tabes dorsalis, hereditary cerebellar ataxia, 
 etc. It is also called the Bra ch- Romberg symp- 
 tom. 2. Neuralgic pain in the course and 
 distribution of the obturator nerve, pathog- 
 nomonic of obturator hernia. R.'s Spasm, 
 masticatory sp^->m, a spasm affecting the 
 muscles supplier by the motor fibers of the 
 fifth nerva R.'s Trophoneurosis. See 
 Romberg's Disease. 
 
 Tvommelaere's Law. Constant diminution 
 of the nitrogen in the urine in Cases of 
 carcinoma. R.'s Sign, diminution of the 
 normal phosphates and sodium chlorids in 
 the urine is pathognomonic of cancerous 
 cachexia. 
 
 Rongeur Forceps (rong-zhur). A strong pair 
 of forceps for breaking off pieces of bone, 
 especially in enlarging a trephine opening. 
 
 Root [Icel., rot]. 1. The descending axis of 
 a plant. 2. The part of an organ em- 
 bedded in the tissues, as the root of a 
 tooth. R. of a Nerve, one of two bundles 
 of nerve-fibers, the anterior and posterior 
 loots, joining to form a nerve-trunk. R.- 
 sLeath, the epithelium of the hair-follicle. 
 R.-zone, a name given to the column of 
 Burdach of the spinal cord. 
 
 Rcphetic (ro-fet'-ik) [potfir/ZCKoc, given to sopping 
 up]. A mechanic absorbent agent, as a dust- 
 ing-powder, sponge, etc. 
 
 Rosa (ro'-zah) [L.]. A rose. See Rose. 
 
 Rosacea (jo-za'-se-ah). See Acne rosacea. 
 
 Rosalia (ro - sa' - le - ah) . 1. Scarlatina. 2. 
 Measles. 3. Erythema. 
 
 Rosanilin (ro-zan' -il-in) [rose; anilin], C 20 H 19 - 
 N 3 0. A colorless, crystalline derivative of 
 anilin. R. Acetate, R. Hydrochlorid, the 
 red dye fuchsin. 
 
 Rosary, Rachitic. See Rachitic Rosary. 
 
 Rose (roz) [oodov, from Ar., n'ard, a rose]. A 
 genus of plants of the order Rosacece. R.s, 
 , Attar of. See R., Oil of. R.-cold. See Hay- 
 fever. R. , Confection of (confcciio rosce, U. S. 
 P.), a confection prepared from the petals of the 
 red rose (rosa gallica, U. S. P.). R., Dog-, 
 the common wild rose of Europe. The fruit 
 (rosce canince fructus, B. P.) is used in Europe 
 as a vehicle. R., Fluidextract of (fluidex- 
 tractum rosce, U. S. P.), used as an astringent 
 and vehicle. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). R., 
 Honey of (mel rosce, U. S. P.), a syrup made 
 of fluidextract of rose and clarified honey. 
 Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). R., Oil of (oleum rosce, 
 U. S. P.), a volatile oil distilled from the petals 
 of Rosa damascena , and employed as a per- 
 fume and flavoring agent. Syn., Attar of 
 roses. R., Red (rosa gallica, U. S. P.; rosce 
 gallica petala, B. P.), the dried petals are 
 slightly astringent and tonic, but are chiefly 
 employed as a vehicle. R., Syrup of 
 (syrupus rosce, U. S. P.), a syrup made of 
 fluidextract of rose, diluted sulfuric acid, 
 sugar, and water. R. -water (aqua rosce, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc). R. -water, 
 Ointment of (ungiientum aquce rosce, L~. S. 
 P.), cold cream. R. -water, Triple (aqua 
 rosce fortior, U. S. P.), stronger rose-water. 
 
 Rose's Biuret Reaction for Albumins. 
 Alkalinize the albumin solution with soda-lve 
 and add, drop by drop, with constant shaking, 
 a dilute copper sulfate solution (17 or 18 Gm. 
 crystallized cupric sulfate in 1 liter of water). 
 The solution will become rose-red, then violet, 
 and finally blue; the blue appears of a reddish 
 tint when compared with a normal alkaline 
 copper solution. 
 
 Rosella (ro-sel'-ah). See Rubella. 
 
 Rosemary (roz' -yna-re) [rosmarinus, marine 
 dew; from ros, dew; marinus, marine]. The 
 Rosmarinus officinalis, a plant of the order 
 Labiatce. R., Oil of (oleum rosmarini, U. S. 
 P.), a volatile oil used as a stimulant and in 
 rubefacient liniments. Dose 3-6 min. (0.2- 
 0.3 Cc). R., Spirit of (spirit us rosmarini, 
 B. P.), prepared from the oil and used as a 
 perfume and in liniments. 
 
 Rosenbach's Disease. A nodular enlarge- 
 ment, painful to the touch, of the dorsal as- 
 pect of the proximal ends of the last pha- 
 langes. The affection is regarded as identical 
 with Heberden's nodes. R.'s Modification 
 of Gmelin's Test for Bile-pigments, 
 when the liquid has all been filtered through 
 a very small filter, apply to the inside of the 
 filter a drop of nitric acid containing only a 
 very little nitrous acid, when a pale yellow 
 spot will form, surrounded by colored rings, 
 which are yellowish-red, violet, blue, and 
 green. R.'s Sign. 1. Loss of the abdominal 
 
ROSENBACH-SEMON'S LAW 
 
 842 
 
 ROUND LIGAMENT 
 
 reflex in inflammatory intestinal diseases. 2. 
 Tremor of the eyelids when the patient is 
 asked to close them, often associated with in- 
 sufficient closure of the lids. It is seen in 
 neurasthenia. R.'s Syndrome, a variety of 
 paroxysmal tachycardia consisting in the asso- 
 ciation of cardiac, respiratory, and gastric 
 troubles. R.'s Test for Indirubin, boil the 
 liquid with nitric acid, and indigo-blue will be 
 formed from indirubin. 
 
 Rosenbach-Semon's Law. See Semon's Law. 
 
 Rosenberg's Method. By requiring the pa- 
 tient to read aloud a difficult passage, the 
 production of the knee-jerk is facilitated. 
 
 Rosenheim's Sign. A friction-sound heard 
 on auscultation over the left hypochondrium 
 in fibrous perigastritis. 
 
 Rosenmueller's Fossa. A depression be- 
 hind the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian 
 tube, frequently the seat of morbid growths. 
 R.'s Gland. 1. The palpebral portion of the 
 lacrimal gland. 2. The largest of the group 
 of deep subinguinal glands in the crural ring. 
 R.'s Organ, the parovarium, a vestige of 
 the wolffian body and duct. R.'s Valve, a 
 semilunar fold of the mucous membrane seen 
 occasionally in the lacrimal duct above its 
 junction with the lacrimal sac. 
 
 Rosenthal's Canal. The spiral canal of the 
 modiolus. R.'s Hyperacid Vomiting. See 
 Rossbactis Disease. R.'s Sign, the ap- 
 plication of a strong faradic current to the 
 sides of the vertebral column causes burning 
 and stabbing pains in cases of spondylitis. 
 R.'s Vein, the basilar vein, a branch of Ga- 
 len's vein. 
 
 Roseola (ro-ze' '-o-lah) [roseus, rosy]. 1. Rose- 
 rash, a name given to any rose-colored erup- 
 tion. 2. Synonym of Rubella. R. cholerica, 
 an eruption sometimes appearing in cholera. 
 R., Syphilitic, an eruption of rose-colored 
 spots appearing early in secondary syphilis. 
 R. typhosa, the eruption of typhoid or typhus 
 fever. R. vaccina, a general rose-colored 
 eruption sometimes occurring during vaccinia. 
 
 Roseoles a verre bleu. Faint syphilids dis- 
 covered by means of cobalt-blue glasses worn 
 close to the eyes, before they are revealed to 
 the naked eyer 
 
 Roser's Position. With head dependent over 
 the end of the table. 
 
 Roser-Braun's Sign. Absence of pulsations 
 of the dura in cases of cerebral abscess, 
 tumors, etc. 
 
 Roser-Nelaton's Line. See Line, Nelaton's. 
 
 Rosin (roz'-in). The residue left after distilling 
 off the volatile oil from turpentine. See also 
 Resina. R. Cerate (ceratum resince, U. S. P.), 
 a mixture of rosin, yellow wax, and lard. R. 
 Cerate, Compound {ceratum resince composi- 
 tum,XJ. S. P.), a mixture of rosin, yellow wax, 
 prepared suet, turpentine, and linseed-oil. 
 
 Rosin's Test for Indirubin. Render the 
 liquid alkaline with sodium carbonate and 
 extract with ether, which is colored red by 
 the indirubin. 
 
 Rosmarinus (roz-ma-ri'-nus). See Rosemary. 
 
 Rosolic Acid (ro-zol'-ik), C 20 H 16 O 3 . A sub- 
 stance used as a test for acids and alkalis: 
 acids decolorize it; with alkalis it gives a red 
 color. 
 
 Rossbach's Disease. Gastroxynsis; a neu- 
 rosis of the stomach attended with paroxysmal 
 hypersecretion. 
 
 Rostellum (ros-tel'-um) [dim. of rostrum]. A 
 little beak, especially the hook-bearing portion 
 of the head of certain worms. 
 
 Rostrate (ros'-trat) [rostrum]. Furnished with 
 a beak or beak-like process. 
 
 Rostrum (ros'-trum) [L.]. A beak; a pro- 
 jection or ridge. R. sphenoidale, the ver- 
 tical ridge on the inferior aspect of the body 
 of the sphenoid bone, which is received in the 
 upper grooved border of the vomer. Syn., 
 Beak 0} the sphenoid. 
 
 Rot [AS., rotian, to rot]. Decay. R., Potato-. 
 See Mildew. 
 
 Rotary (ro'-ta-re) [rotation]. Producing or 
 characterized by rotation. 
 
 Rotation (ro-ta' '-shun) [rotare, to turn, from 
 rota, a wheel]. The act of turning about an 
 axis passing through the center of a body, as 
 rotation of the eye, rotation of the arm. 
 
 Rotator (ro-ta' -tor) [see Rotation]. Anything, 
 especially a muscle, that produces rotation. 
 
 Rotch's Sign. Dulness on percussion in the 
 right fifth intercostal space in pericardial 
 effusion. 
 
 Roth's Disease, R.'s Symptom-complex. 
 "Meraigia paraesthetica." See Bernhardt' s 
 Paresthesia. R.'s Spots, white spots re- 
 sembling those of albuminuric retinitis, seen 
 in the region of the optic disc and the macula 
 in cases of septic retinitis. R.'s Vas aber- 
 rans, an inconstant diverticulum of the middle 
 portion of the rete testis. 
 
 Rotheln (ra'-teln). See Rubella. 
 
 Rottlera (rot-le'-rah). See Kamila. 
 
 Rottlerin (rot'-ler-in), C 22 H 20 O G . A bitter prin- 
 ciple from kamila; used as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Rotula (rot'-u-lah) [dim. of rota, a wheel]. 
 The patella. 
 
 Rouget's Bulb. See Bulb, Rouget's. R.'s Mo- 
 torial End-plates, small cellular elements 
 connected, within the sarcolemma, with the 
 endings of motor nerves. R.'s Muscle. See 
 Mueller's Muscle (1). 
 
 Roughton's Band. Collapse, from atrophy 
 of the tissues, of the zone corresponding to 
 the junction of the alas nasi with the lateral 
 cartilages. The resulting contact of this zone 
 with the septum causes obstruction during 
 inspiration. 
 
 Rougnon-Heberden's Disease. Angina pec- 
 toris. 
 
 Rouleau (roo-lo) [Fr.; pi., rouleaux]. A roll, 
 especially a roll of red blood-corpuscles, re- 
 sembling a roll of coins. 
 
 Round Ligament. 1. One of the ligaments 
 of the uterus passing through the inguinal 
 canal. 2. One of the ligaments of the liver 
 lying in the longitudinal fissure. 3. One of 
 the ligaments of the hip- joint — ligamentum 
 teres. 
 
ROUNDWORM 
 
 843 
 
 RUPIA 
 
 
 Roundworm. The ascaris. 
 
 Roup (roop). A contagious disease of fowls; 
 it is probably diphtheric. 
 
 Rovighi's Sign, Hydatid fremitus; a thrill ob- 
 served on combined palpation and percussion 
 in cases of superficial hydatid cyst of the liver. 
 
 Rubber (rub'-er). The elastica of the U. S. P. 
 The prepared milk-juice of several' species 
 of Hevea. Syn., Caoutchouc; India-rubber; 
 Para rubber. R.-dam, a sheet of rubber 
 used to confine the flow of secretions or of 
 discharges from a wound. 
 
 Rubedo (ru-be'-do) [ruber, red]. Any diffused 
 redness of the skin. 
 
 Rubefacient (ru-be-fa' 'she-ent) [ruber; facere, 
 to make], i. Causing redness of the skin. 
 2. An agent that causes redness of the skin. 
 
 Rubella {ru-bel'-ah) [dim. of rubeola]. An 
 acute contagious eruptive disease, of short 
 duration and mild character. After a period 
 of incubation varying from one to three weeks, 
 the disease sets in abruptly with pains in the 
 limbs, sore throat, and slight fever. The 
 eruption appears at the end of the first day, 
 and consists of red papules, and disappears 
 usually without desquamation in about three 
 days. The disease is associated with enlarge- 
 ment of the superficial cervical and posterior 
 auricular glands. Syn., Epidemic roseola; 
 French measles; German measles; Rotheln. 
 
 Rubeola {ru-be'-o-lah). See Measles. 
 
 Rubeolin iru-be' -ol-in) [rubeola]. A name given 
 to the specific toxin of measles. 
 
 Rubescent (ru-bes f -ent) [rubescere, to become 
 red]. Growing red. 
 
 Rubia {ru'-be-ah). The Rubia tinctorum or 
 dyers' madder, containing the coloring prin- 
 ciples alizarin (C 14 H s 4 ) and purpurin (C 14 - 
 H 8 5 ). It is used as a dye. 
 
 Rubidium iru-bid' -e-um) [rubidus, red]. A 
 rare alkaline metal, resembling potassium in 
 physical and chemic properties; its salts are 
 used in medicine. 
 
 Rubiginous (ru-bif '-in-us) [rubiginosus, rusty]. 
 Rust-colored. 
 
 Rubigo {ru-bi'-go) [L.]. Rust. 
 
 Rubin {ru'-bhi). Synonym of Fuchsin. 
 
 Rubner's Test for Carbon Monoxid in the 
 Blood. Agitate the blood with 4 or 5 volumes 
 of solution of lead acetate for one minute. If 
 the blood contains CO, it will retain its bright 
 color; if it does not, it will turn chocolate- 
 brown. R.'s Test for Glucose, add to the 
 liquid an excess of lead acetate; filter, and 
 add to the filtrate ammonium hydrate until 
 no further precipitate is produced. Warm 
 gently, when the precipitate formed will 
 gradually become pink; this color decreases on 
 standing. 
 
 Rubor (ru'-bor) [L.]. Redness or discoloration 
 due to inflammation. R., Regional, isolated 
 spots which become red, with elevation 
 of temperature, observed after local cyanosis. 
 
 Rubrescin (ru-bres'-in). A combination of 
 resorcinol, 50 Gm., and chloral hydrate, 25 
 Gm. It is used in 1 % solution as an indicator 
 for alkalimetry and acidimetry. 
 
 Rubrin {ru'-brin). See Hematin. 
 
 Rubrol. A solution used by injection in gonor- 
 rhea, and said to consist of boric acid, thymol, 
 and a coal-tar derivative in water. 
 
 Rubrum (ru'-brum) [ruber, red]. The pre- 
 ferred name for the nucleus ruber. 
 
 Rubus {ru'-bus) [L.]. Blackberry. A genus 
 of plants of the order Rosacece. The rubus of 
 the U. S. P. is the dried bark of the rhizome of 
 R. villosus, R. nigrobaccus, and R. cuneifolius. 
 It is used as an astringent tonic in diarrhea. 
 Dose 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 Gm.). R., Fluid- 
 extract of (fluidextractum rubi, U. S. P.). 
 Dose ^-i dr. (2-4 Cc). R., Syrup of (syru- 
 pus rubi, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 The fruit of R. idceus, the raspberry, is used to 
 prepare syrupus rubi idcei, which is used as a 
 tonic. 
 
 Ructus {ruk'-tus) [L.]. A belching of gas from 
 the stomach. 
 
 Rudimentary {ru-dim-en' -ta-re) [rudimentum, 
 a rudiment]. Undeveloped; unfinished. 
 
 Rue (ru) [poxi}, rue]. A plant, Ruta graveolens, 
 of the order Rutacece, yielding an oil {oleum 
 rutce, B. P.) which is a local irritant and has 
 been employed in amenorrhea and menor- 
 rhagia. Dose 2-5 min. (0.13-0.32 Cc). 
 
 Ruffini's End-organs. See End-organs, Ruf- 
 fini's. 
 
 Ruga {ru'-gaK) [L.]. A fold or ridge. Rugae, 
 Palatal, the elevations upon the mucous 
 covering of the hard palate; they assist in 
 speech and deglutition. 
 
 Rugose {ru'-gos) [ruga]. Characterized by 
 folds. 
 
 Rugosity {ru-gos' -it-e) [ruga]. A condition of 
 being in folds. 
 
 Rugous {ru'-gus). See Rugose. 
 
 Ruhmkorff's Coil. An induction coil. 
 
 Rum [abb. from ME. rumbooze, alcoholic 
 liquor]. A spirit obtained from the molasses 
 of the sugar-cane by fermentation and dis- 
 tillation. 
 
 Rumen [ru'-men) [L.]. The first stomach of 
 ruminants, also called the paunch, from 
 which the food is returned to the mouth for 
 remastication. 
 
 Rumex iru'-meks) [L.]. Yellow dock, a genus 
 of plants of the order Polygonacece. The 
 root of R. crispus is astringent and tonic, and 
 has been employed externally and internally 
 in various diseases of the skin. Dose of the 
 extract 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Rumin {ru'-min) [rumex]. A precipitate from 
 a tincture of the root of Rumex crispus. It 
 is antiscorbutic, alterative, and astringent. 
 
 Rumination (ru-min-a'-shun). See Merycism. 
 
 Rummo's Disease. Cardioptosis. 
 
 Rump [Icel., rumpr]. The region near the 
 end of the backbone; the buttocks. 
 
 Rumpf 's Sign. Fibrillary twitching of muscles 
 in traumatic neurosis. 
 
 Run-around. Suppurative inflammation around 
 a finger-nail. 
 
 Runeberg's Type of Pernicious Anemia. 
 A form of pernicious anemia with remissions. 
 
 Rupia (ru'-pe-ah) [puizoc, filth]. A form of 
 
RUPIAL 
 
 844 
 
 SAC 
 
 eruption occurring especially in tertiary syph- 
 ilis, and characterized by the formation of 
 large, dirty-brown, stratified, conic crusts. 
 
 Rupial (ru'-pe-al) [rupia]. Resembling or 
 characterized by rupia. 
 
 Rupophobia (ru-po-fo'-be-ah). See Rhypo- 
 phobia. 
 
 Rupture (rup'-tur) [rumpere, to break], i. A 
 forcible tearing of a part, as rupture of 
 the uterus, rupture of the bladder. 2. Hernia. 
 
 Rusconi's Anus. The blastopore. 
 
 Russell's Bodies. Fuchsin bodies. Round- 
 ish colloid or hyaline bodies, of varying size, 
 found in a variety of conditions, notably in 
 carcinomatous growths and certain morbid 
 changes of the mucosa of the nose and 
 stomach. 
 
 Rust [AS.]. 1. The oxid and hydroxid 
 of iron formed on the surface of iron exposed 
 to the air. 2. A disease common on cereals, 
 causing rust-like masses to break out on the 
 tissues of the plant. 
 
 Rust's Disease. Tuberculous spondylitis af- 
 fecting the first and second cervical verte- 
 bras. R.'s Symptoms, at every change of 
 position of the body a patient suffering from 
 
 caries or carcinoma of the upper cervical ver- 
 tebras supports his head with the hand. 
 
 Rut (rut) [OF., "a roaring"]. 1. The state of 
 concomitant menstruation and ovulation in 
 the lower animals. 2. The condition of a 
 male animal in which it is capable of insemi- 
 nating. 
 
 Ruta (ru'-tah). See Rue. 
 
 Rutidosis {ru-tid-o' -sis) [pox'cg, a wrinkle]. A 
 wrinkling; the contraction or puckering of 
 the cornea that just precedes death. 
 
 Ruysch's Glomerulus. See Malpighian Tuft. 
 R.'s Membrane. See Membrana ruyschiana. 
 R.'s Tube, a minute tubular cavity in the 
 nasal septum, opening by a small, round 
 orifice a little below and in front of the naso- 
 palatine foramen. It is best seen in the fetus, 
 and represents the rudimentary homolog of 
 Jacobson's organ. R.'s Uterine Muscle, 
 the muscular tissue of the fundus uteri; it was 
 believed by Ruysch to act independent of the 
 rest of the uterine muscle. 
 
 Rye (rl) [AS., ryge]. The plant Secale cereale 
 and its grain. The grain is used in the man- 
 ufacture of bread. 
 
 Rypia (ri'-pe-ah). See Rupia. 
 
 S. 1. The symbol of sulfur. 2. An abbreviation of 
 sinister, left; in prescriptions, of signa, sign. 
 S. romanum, the sigmoid flexure of the colon. 
 
 Sabadilla (sab-ad-il'-ah). Cevadilla; Schoeno- 
 caulon officinale (Asagrcea officinalis), a plant 
 of the order Melanthacece, containing the 
 alkaloids veratrin, sabadin, and sabadinin. 
 It is an emetocathartic, and was formerly 
 used as a teniacide and to destoy vermin in 
 the hair. Its chief value is as a source of 
 veratrin. It is official in the B. P. 
 
 Sabadin (sab'-ad-in), C 29 H 51 NO s (Merck). 
 An alkaloid from the seeds of Schcenocaulon 
 officinale, occurring in white, acicular crystals, 
 soluble in water, alcohol, and ether; melts at 
 240 C. It is sternutatory. 
 
 Sabal (sab'-al). Saw-palmetto. The sabal of the 
 U. S. P. is the partly dried ripe fruit of Serenoa 
 serrulata. A fluidextract has been recom- 
 mended in inflammations of the genitourinary 
 tract, atonic impotence, and in bronchitis 
 and pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose 1-2 dr. 
 (4-8 Cc.). 
 
 Sabbatia (sab-a'-she-ah) [after Liberatus Sab- 
 bati, an Italian botanist]. A genus of the 
 order Gentianece. S. angularis is the 
 American centaury. 
 
 Sabbattin (sab'-at-in). A glucosid obtained from 
 Sabbatia elliottii, quinin flower; it is antiperi- 
 odic and antipyretic. 
 
 Sabina (sa-bi'-nah). See Savin. 
 
 Sabulous (sab'-u-lus) [sabulum, sand]. Gritty; 
 sandy. 
 
 Saburra (sab-ur'-ah) [L., " coarse sand"]. 
 
 Foulness of the stomach or of the tongue or 
 teeth; sordes. 
 
 Saburral (sab-ur'-al) [saburra]. 1. Pertaining 
 to or affected with saburra. 2. Resembling 
 or pertaining to coarse sand. 
 
 Sac (sak) [saccus, a bag]. The bag-like 
 bulging or covering of a natural cavity, hernia, 
 cyst, or tumor. S.s, Air-, the air-cells of the 
 lung. S., Allantoid. Synonym of Allan- 
 tois. S., Amniotic, the amnion. S.s, Audi- 
 tory, the rudimentary organs of hearing of 
 the embryo of certain vertebrates. S., Con- 
 junctival, that formed by reflection of the 
 palpebral conjunctiva. S., Dorsal, a recess 
 between the epiphysis cerebri and the roof of 
 the third ventricle. Syn., Suprapineal recess. 
 S., Embryonic, the sac-like stage of the em- 
 bryo, which it presents early in its develop- 
 ment, just after the abdominal plates have 
 closed. S., Endolymphatic, a sac of the 
 dura included in the aqueduct of the vestibule. 
 See under Duct, Endolymphatic. S. of the 
 Epididymis, the visceral layer of the tunica 
 vaginalis covering the epididymis. S., Fetal. 
 See S., Gestation-. S., Gestation-, the sac 
 inclosing the embryo in ectopic pregnancy. 
 S., Hernial, the peritoneal covering of a 
 hernia. S., Lacrimal, the dilated upper por- 
 tion of the lacrimal duct. S., Omental, the 
 sac formed between the ascending and de- 
 scending portions of the great omentum. 
 S., Pericardial, the pericardium. S., Peri- 
 toneal, the cavity formed by the peritoneal 
 serous membrane. S., Pleural, the cav- 
 
SACCATE 
 
 845 
 
 SACCULUS 
 
 ity formed by the pleura. S. of the Pul- 
 monary Veins, the left auricle of the 
 heart. S., Serous, the closed cavity formed 
 by any serous membrane. S., Tubotym- 
 panic, the diverticulum of the primitive gut 
 forming the tympanic cavity and the eusta- 
 chian tube. S., Umbilical, the umbilical 
 vesicle. S. of the Venae cavae, the right 
 auricle of the heart. S., Vitelline, the sac 
 inclosing the vitellus or yolk in the embryo. 
 
 Saccate, Saccated (sak' -at, sak'-a-ted) [saccus, 
 a sac]. Sac-shaped; contained in a sac; 
 encysted. 
 
 Saccharated (sak'-ar-a-ted) [saccharin]. Con- 
 taining sugar. S. Ferrous Carbonate (ferri 
 carbonas saccharatus, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. 
 (0.25 Gm.)._ 
 
 Saccharification (sak-ar-if-ik-a' -shun) [sac- 
 charin; facere, to make]. The act of convert- 
 ing into sugar. 
 
 Saccharimeter (sak-ar-im' -et-er) [saccharin; 
 [ihpov, a measure]. An apparatus for de- 
 termining the amount of sugar in solutions, 
 either in the form of a hydrometer, which 
 indicates the strength in sugar by the specific 
 gravity of the solution; or of a polarimeter, 
 which indicates the strength in sugar by the 
 number of degrees of rotation of the plane of 
 polarization. S. Test, a solution of dextrose 
 rotates the plane of polarized light to the right. 
 
 Saccharin (sak'-ar-in) [oanyapov, sugar], C 7 H 5 - 
 SO3N. A crystalline substance nearly 280 
 times sweeter than cane-sugar, and used as a 
 substitute for the latter in diabetes. It is 
 also employed as an antiseptic. Syn., 
 Benzoyl sulfonicimid; Glucusimid; Glusid; 
 Orthosulfaminbenzoic anhydrid; Saccharinol; 
 Saccharinose; Sycose; Zuckerin. S. -sodium, 
 a soluble powder containing 90% of sac- 
 charin; used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 
 15 gr. (1 Gm.) once or twice daily. 
 
 Saccharine (sak'-ar-in) [saccharum]. Contain- 
 ing sugar; sugary; as sweet as sugar. 
 
 Saccharomyces (sak-ar-o-mi'-sez) [saccharum; 
 jj.uk7)c, a fungus]. A genus of unicellular 
 vegetable organisms, of which the yeast-plant 
 is a common example. S. albicans, same as 
 Oidium albicans, the fungus of thrush. S. 
 cerevisiae, the ferment of beer-yeast. S. far- 
 ciminosus, causes epizootic lymphangitis. 
 S. granulomatosus, Sanfelice (1898) ob- 
 tained from granulomatous nodule of a pig. 
 Inoculated in swine, it produced similar 
 lesions, but was not pathogenic to other ani- 
 mals. S. lithogenes, Sanfelice (1895), from 
 a carcinomatous metastasis in an ox, the 
 primary tumor occurring in the liver. It 
 killed white mice in 8 days after subcutane- 
 ous inoculation. S. neoformans, Sanfelice 
 (1895), isolated from fermenting grape-juice. 
 It produced nodules in all organs of guinea- 
 pigs except brain, heart, and suprarenals; 
 death occurred in 20 to 30 days after inocula- 
 tion. He emphasized the similarity of the 
 organisms to the socalled coccidia of cancers. 
 S. niger, isolated from the tissue of a guinea- 
 pig which died of marasmus. It produced 
 
 enlargement of lymph-glands and suppuration 
 at the point of inoculation in guinea-pigs, 
 rabbits, chickens, and dogs. S. ruber, 
 Demme (1891), a red, budding fungus found 
 in milk, which produced gastroenteritis in 
 children. Shown by Casagrandi (1897) to be 
 pathogenic for guinea-pigs, dogs, and mice 
 when inoculated subcutaneously or into the 
 abdomen. S. septicus, de Galtano, found 
 in urinary sediment. An exceptionally viru- 
 lent species producing fatal fibrinous periton- 
 itis and septicemia in guinea-pigs in 12 
 hours. S. theobromag, the yeast causing the 
 fermentation in the curing of cacao. S. 
 tumefaciens albus, Foulerton, isolated from 
 patients in cases of pharyngitis. 
 
 Saccharomycosis (sak-ar-o-mi-ko'-sis). A path- 
 ologic condition due to yeasts or Sac- 
 charomyces. S. hominis, a name given by 
 Busse (1894) to pyemia produced by a patho- 
 genic yeast. Syn., Saccharomycosis sub- 
 cutaneus tumefaciens, Curtis; Saccharomycose 
 humaine, Curtis (1896). 
 
 Saccharoscope (sak'-ar-o-skop) [saccharum; 
 okotizIv, to view]. An instrument for determ- 
 ining and registering the amount of sugar in 
 the urine. 
 
 Saccharose (sak'-ar-os) [saccharum]. 1. C 12 H 22 - 
 O u . A crystalline carbohydrate, cane-sugar, 
 occurring in the juice of many plants, chiefly 
 in sugar-cane, in some varieties of maple, 
 and in beet-root; it melts at 160 C; at 190 - 
 200 C. it changes into a brown, noncrystal- 
 lizable mass called caramel, used in coloring 
 liquids. It is not directly fermentable, and 
 does not reduce alkaline copper solutions. 2. 
 Any one of a group of carbohydrates isomeric 
 with cane-sugar. 
 
 Saccharosuria (sak-ar-o-su'-re-ah) [saccharose; 
 ohpov, urine]. The presence of saccharose in 
 the urine. 
 
 Saccharum (sak'-ar-um) [oanyapov, sugar], 
 C 1 2H 22 11 , sugar. The sugar of the phar- 
 macopeia {saccharum, U. S. P.; saccharum 
 purificatwn, B. P.) is the refined sugar ob- 
 tained from S. ofjicinarum and from various 
 species of Sorghum. See Saccharose (1). 
 S. lactis (U. S. P.), milk-sugar. 
 
 Sacchorrhea (sak-or-e'-ah) [saccharum; pe'cv, 
 to flow]. Glycosuria. 
 
 Sacciform (sak' -si f -or m) [sac; forma, form]. 
 Resembling a sac. 
 
 Saccular (sak'-u-lar) [sac]. Sac-shaped, as a 
 saccular aneurysm. 
 
 Sacculated (sak' -u-la-ted) [sac]. Divided into 
 small sacs. 
 
 Sacculation (sak-u-la'-shun) [sac]. 1. The 
 state of being sacculated. 2. The formation 
 of small sacs. 
 
 Saccule (sak'-ul) [sacculus, dim. of sac, a sac]. 
 1. A small sac. 2. The smaller of two vestib- 
 ular sacs of the membranous labyrinth of 
 the ear. See Sacculus labyrinthi. 
 
 Sacculocochlear (sak-u-lo-kok'-le-ar). Relating 
 to the saccule of the . vestibule and the cochlea. 
 
 Sacculus (sak'-u-lus). A saccule. S. caeca- 
 lis, S. laryngis, the laryngeal pouch between 
 
SACCUS 
 
 846 
 
 SAGAPENUM 
 
 the superior vocal bands and the inner surface 
 of the thyroid cartilage. Sacculi chalico- 
 phori, the lacunas of bone. S. chylifer, S. 
 rorifer, the receptaculum chyli. S. cordis, the 
 pericardium. S. ellipticus, S. hemiellipti- 
 cus. See Utricle. S., Horner's, the anal 
 pocket; a saccular fold of the rectal mucosa. 
 S. labyrinthi, S. proprius, S. rotundus, 
 S. sphaericus, the saccule of the vestibule. 
 
 Saccus {sak'-us) [L.]. A sac. S. endolymph- 
 aticus, a small sac contained in the aque- 
 duct of the vestibule and serving to establish 
 a communication between the endolymph and 
 the subdural space. 
 
 Sachse's Solution. See under S.'s Test. S.'s 
 Test, a quantitative test for the determination 
 of sugar in urine, consisting in the reduction 
 of the test solution, a solution of red iodid of 
 mercury 18 Gm., potassium iodid 25 Gm., 
 potassium hydroxid 80 Gm., water to make 
 a liter. The end of the reaction is ascertained 
 by means of a solution of stannous chlorid, 
 supersaturated with sodium hydroxid. 
 
 Sacrache {sak'-rak) [sacrum; ache]. Sacral 
 pain in the gravid woman. 
 
 Sacral {sa'-kral) [sacrum]. Pertaining to the 
 sacrum. 
 
 Sacra media {sa'-krah me'-de-ah) [arteria 
 understood]. The artery running down the 
 middle of the anterior surface of the sacrum 
 and representing the termination of the aorta. 
 
 Sacrectomy {sa-krek 1 '-to-me) [sacrum; i/tro/nr), 
 excision]. Excision of part of the sacrum. 
 See Operation, Kraske's. 
 
 Sacro- {sa-kro-) [sacrum]. A prefix denoting 
 relating to the sacrum. 
 
 Sacroanterior {sa-kro-an-te'-re-or). Applied to 
 a fetus having the sacrum directed forward. 
 
 Sacrococcygeal {sa-kro-kok-sif -e-al) [sacro-; 
 coccyx]. Pertaining to the sacrum and the 
 coccyx. 
 
 Sacrocoxitis (sa-kro-koks-i'-tis). See Sacro- 
 iliac Disease. 
 
 Sacrodynia {sa-kro-din'-e-ah) [sacro-; dduvq, 
 pain]. Pain referred to the region of the 
 sacrum in cases of hysteria or neurasthenia. 
 
 Sacroiliac {sa-kro -il'-e-ak) [sacro-; ilium]. 
 Pertaining to the sacrum and the ilium. S. 
 Disease, an inflammation, usually tubercu- 
 lous, of the sacroiliac joint, characterized by 
 pain, tenderness, and swelling and elongation 
 of the limb. 
 
 Sacrolumbalis {sa-kro-lum-ba'-lis). See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Sacrolumbar {sa-kro-lum' '-bar) [sacro-; lum- 
 bus, loin]. Pertaining to the sacrum and the 
 loins. S. Angle, the angle formed by the 
 articulation of the sacrum and the last lumbar 
 vertebra. 
 
 Sacroposterior {sa - kro - pos - te' -re- or) [sacro-; 
 posterior]. Of the fetus, having the sacrum 
 directed backward. 
 
 Sacrosciatic {sa-kro-si-af -ik) [sacro-; sciatic]. 
 Pertaining to the sacrum and the ischium, as 
 the sacrosciatic notch, sacrosciatic ligaments. 
 
 Sacrospinalis {sa-kro-spi-na' -lis) [sacro-; spine]. 
 The erector spinae muscle. 
 
 Sacrotomy {sa-krof -o-me) [sacro-; re/ivecv, to cut]. 
 Excision of the lower portion of the sacrum. 
 
 Sacrouterine {sa-kro-u'-ter-in). Pertaining to 
 the sacrum and the uterus. 
 
 Sacro vertebral {sa-kro -ver' -te-bral) [sacro-; 
 vertebra]. Pertaining to the sacrum and the 
 vertebras. 
 
 Sacrum {sa'-krum) [sacer, sacred; os, bone, 
 understood]. A curved triangular bone com- 
 posed of five united vertebras, situated be- 
 tween the last lumbar vertebra above, the 
 coccyx below, and the ossa innominata on 
 each side, and forming the posterior boundary 
 of the pelvis. 
 
 Sactosalpinx {sak -to- sal' - pinks) [oanToc, 
 crammed; oahztj^, tube]. The obstruction 
 of a fallopian tube and consequent distention 
 from retained secretion. S. haemorrhagica. 
 See Hematosalpinx. 
 
 Saddle {sad' -I) [ME., sadel]. A ccntrivance 
 secured on the back of a horse or other 
 animal to serve as a seat for a rider. 
 S.-arch, that form of dental vault the section 
 of which represents the shape of a saddle. 
 S.-back, lordosis. S.-bags, a pair of 
 leathern cases, formerly, and still locally, 
 carried by physicians upon the saddle, and 
 containing their medicines and instruments. 
 S.-head. See Clinocephalus. S. -joint, an 
 articulation in which each surface is concave 
 in one direction and convex in the other. S.- 
 nose, a nose of which the bridge is sunken in. 
 S., Turkish. See Sella turcica. 
 
 Saemisch's Ulcer {sa'-mish). A serpiginous 
 infecting ulcer of the cornea. 
 
 Saenger's Macula {seng'-er) . A bright red spot 
 marking the orifice of the duct of Bartholin's 
 gland in cases of gonorrheal vulvitis. Syn., 
 Macula gonorrhoeica. S.'s Pupil Reaction, 
 for the differential diagnosis of cerebral syph- 
 ilis and tabes; in amaurosis and optic atrophy 
 of cerebral syphilis the pupil reflex to light 
 may be preserved and even increased after a 
 protracted stay in the dark, which is never 
 the case in tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Saeptum {sep'-tum). See Septum. 
 
 Saffron {saf'-ron) [Ar., zafaran, saffron]. The 
 Crocus sativus, a plant of the order Iridece. 
 Its stigmas {crocus, B. P.) contain a glucosid, 
 coloring-matter (crocin), and a bitter principle. 
 Saffron is used as a coloring and flavoring 
 agent, and in the form of a tea to bring out 
 the eruption of the exanthematous diseases. 
 
 Safranin {saf'-ra-nin) [saffron], C 18 H l8 N 4 . A 
 coal-tar dye used in microscopy, especially in 
 studying karyokinesis. It is a powerful car- 
 diac and respiratory poison. 
 
 Safrene {saf'-ren) [saffron], C 10 H 16 . A hydro- 
 carbon obtained from sassafras. 
 
 Safrol {saf'-rol) [saffron; oleum, oil]. Safrolum 
 (U. S. P.), C 10 H lo p 2 . The stearoptene of sas- 
 safras oil, used in headache, neuralgia, and 
 rheumatism. Dose 10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). 
 
 Sagapenum {sag -a-pe' - num) . A fetid gum- 
 resin believed to be the concrete juice of Ferula 
 persica. Its properties resemble those of 
 asafetida and galbanum. 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
SAGE 
 
 847 
 
 SALICYLATE 
 
 Sage {saj) [salvia]. Salvia officinalis, a plant 
 of the order Labiates. Its leaves {salvia, 
 U. S. P.) contain several terpenes, an oil, 
 salviol, C 10 H l6 O, and camphor. Sage is 
 tonic, astringent, and aromatic, and is used 
 in dyspepsia. It was formerly employed in 
 colliquative sweats. Dose 20-30 gr. (1.3-2.0 
 Gm.). 
 
 Sagittal {saj'-it-al) [sagitta, an arrow]. 1. 
 Arrow-like, as the sagittal suture of the skull. 
 2. Pertaining to the anteroposterior median 
 plane of the body. S. Nucleus, the nucleus of 
 the oculomotor nerve. 
 
 Sago {sa'-go) [Malay, sdgu]. The starch ob- 
 tained from the sago-palm, used as a food and 
 demulcent. S. -spleen, a spleen presenting 
 on section the appearance of sago-grains, as 
 a result of amyloid degeneration of the 
 malpighian bodies. 
 
 Sagotia racemosa {sa-go'-she-ah). A South 
 American species of the order Euphorbiacea, 
 used as a tonic and aphrodisiac. 
 
 Sagradin {sag' -rah-din) . The proprietary 
 name for a 20 % solution of extract of cascara 
 sagrada with spirit of peppermint. 
 
 Saigon Cinnamon. A variety of cinnamon 
 {cinnamomum saigonicum, U. S. P.) ob- 
 tained from Saigon, the capital of French 
 Cochin-China. See Cinnamon. 
 
 St. Anthony's Fire. Erysipelas; anthrax. 
 
 St. Gothard's Disease. Ankylostomiasis. 
 
 St. Hubert's Disease. Hydrophobia. 
 
 St. Ignatius' Bean. See Ignatia. 
 
 St. Roch's Disease. Bubo. 
 
 St. Sement's Disease. Syphilis. 
 
 St. Vitus' Dance. Chorea. So named because 
 in the epidemic of chorea in Strasburg in 1488 
 those who were afflicted were sent on a pil- 
 grimage to the chapel of St. Vitus at Zabern, 
 a town in Alsace-Lorraine. St. Vitus' Dance 
 of the Voice, stammering. 
 
 Sal [L.]. 1. Salt. 2. Any substance resemb- 
 ling salt. S. acetosella, potassium binoxa- 
 late. S. aeratus, sodium bicarbonate. S. 
 alembroth. See Alembroth. S. ammo- 
 niac, ammonium chlorid. S. communis. 
 See Salt, Common. S. de duobus, potassium 
 sulfate. S. enxium, potassium bisulfate. S. 
 glauberi. See Salt, Glauber's. S. kissin- 
 gense, a salt obtained from the mineral 
 springs of Kissingen, in Bavaria. S. pru- 
 nella? , S. prunelle. 1. A fused mixture of 
 potassium nitrate, 128 parts, and sulfur, 1 
 part. 2. Fused potassium nitrate. S. ru- 
 pium, rock-salt. S. seignette, potassium and 
 sodium tartrate. S. sodae. See Salt of Soda. 
 S. volatilis, ammonium carbonate. 
 
 Sala's Cells. Stellate connective-tissue cells 
 found in the network of fibers forming the 
 sensory nerve-endings in the pericardium. 
 
 Salaam Convulsion {sa-lahm') [At., salam, 
 saluting]. A clonic spasm of the muscles 
 of the trunk, producing a bowing movement; 
 it is usually due to hysteria. 
 
 Salactol {sal-ak'-tol). A combination of the 
 sodium salts of salicylic and lactic acids dis- 
 solved in a 1 % solution of hydrogen dioxid; 
 
 it is recommended in diphtheria. The solu- 
 tion is applied as a spray or with a brush, 
 and given internally in doses of a tablespoon- 
 ful (15 Cc). 
 
 Salamandarin {sal-a-man 1 '-dar-in) . See Leu- 
 komains, Table of. 
 
 Salamid {sal' -am-id) . An amidogen derivative 
 of salicylic acid, which it closely resembles 
 in therapeutic properties, but acts more 
 promptly and in smaller doses. 
 
 Salborol {sal-bo' -rol). A compound of phenyl 
 salicylate and boric acid, used in rheumatism. 
 
 Saldanin {sal'-dan-in). A local anesthetic said 
 to be prepared from Datura arborea. 
 
 Salep {sal'-ep) [Ar., sahleb]. The dried 
 tubers of various species of the genus Orchis 
 and the genus Eulophia. It is used as a food, 
 like sago and tapioca. 
 
 Salhypnone {sal-hip' -non), C 6 H 4 0(COC 6 H 5 )- 
 COOCH3. A benzoylmethylsalicylic ester; 
 long colorless needles, insoluble in water, 
 sparingly soluble in alcohol and ether; melts 
 at ii3°-ii4°. It is used as an antiseptic. 
 
 Salicamar {sal-ik'-am-ar), CH 2 OH . CHOH . - 
 CH 2 . C 6 H 4 CO . CH 2 . CHOH . CH 2 OH. A 
 glycerol ether of glycerolsalicylic acid; recom- 
 mended as a stomachic and antirheumatic. 
 
 Salicin {sal'-is-in) [salix, willow], Ci 3 H 18 7 . 
 A crystalline glucosid found in the bark and 
 leaves of the willow. Salicin {salicinum, 
 U. S. P., B. P.) is used as a substitute for 
 salicylic acid in doses of 5-30 gr. (0.3-2.0 
 Gm.); maximum daily dosage iqo gr. (9.7 
 Gm.). 
 
 Salicol {sal'-ik-ol). A. proprietary solution said 
 to consist of methyl-alcohol, salicylic acid, 
 and oil of wintergreen in water; used as an 
 antiseptic and cosmetic. 
 
 Salicyl {sal'-is-il) [salicylic acid], C 7 H 6 2 . The 
 hypothetic radicle of salicylic acid. S. Acetate, 
 C 2 H 3 . O . C 7 H 5 2 0, acetosalicylic anhydrid. 
 S. Acetol, salactol. S.-anilid, salifebrin. 
 S.-creasote, a paste prescribed by Unna in 
 skin diseases, consisting of a mixture of sal- 
 icylic acid, creasote, wax, and cerate. S.-p- 
 phenetidin. See Malakin. S.-quinin Sal- 
 icylate. See Saloquinin Salicylate. S.- 
 resorcinol, C 13 H 10 O 4 , obtained from salicylic 
 acid and resorcinol with heat. It occurs in 
 plates slightly soluble in water; melts at 133 
 C. It is antiseptic, antipyretic, and analgesic, 
 and used in typhoid, diarrhea, etc. Dose 
 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.); maximum dose 15 
 gr. (1 Gm.) single; 60 gr. (4 Gm.) daily. S. 
 Urate, a salt of salicyluric acid. 
 
 Salicylage {sal'-is-il-dj) [salicylic acid]. The 
 addition of salicylic acid to foods for their 
 preservation. 
 
 Salicylamid {sal-is-W -am-id) [salicylic acid], 
 C 5 H 4 (OH)CONH 2 . A tasteless compound 
 produced by treating methyl salicylate with 
 an alcoholic solution of ammonia, and used as 
 a substitute for salicylic acid. 
 
 Salicylate {sal-is' -il-at) [salicylic acid]. A salt 
 of salicylic acid. The salicylates of lithium, 
 methyl, and sodium, which are official, and 
 those of ammonium and strontium, which are 
 
SALICYLATED 
 
 848 SALKOWSKI'S MODIFICATION 
 
 unofficial, are used in rheumatism, in doses 
 of 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 Gm.). Bismuth salicy- 
 late is employed as an intestinal antiseptic; 
 naphthol salicylate is betol; phenyl salicylate 
 is salol. 
 
 Salicylated (sal-is' -il-a-ted). Impregnated with 
 salicylic acid. 
 
 Salicylic Acid (sal-i-sil'-ik). See Acid, Salicy- 
 lic. S.-acid Glycerolester, recommended 
 as a valuable antirheumatic remedy. S. 
 Alcohol. See Saligenin. S. Aldehyd, sali- 
 cylous acid; used as an internal antiseptic. 
 Dose 2-8 gr. (0.1-0.5 Gm.) daily. S.-amid. 
 See Salicylamid. S. Amylester. See Amyl 
 Salicylate. S. Anhydrid. See S. Aldehyd. 
 S. Cream, an antiseptic mixture of pow- 
 dered salicylic acid, 2 dr. ; phenol, 1 dr. ; gly- 
 cerol, 10 dr. S. Naphthylic Ester. See Betol. 
 S. Phenylester. See Salol. S. Silk, a 
 dressing made of silk waste impregnated with 
 10% salicylic acid and a little glycerol. S. 
 Suet, one part of salicylic acid in 49 parts of 
 mutton-suet; used as, a dressing for sores. 
 S. Thymolester, thymol acetate. S. Wool, 
 cotton impregnated with 4 to 10% of salicylic 
 acid and an equal amount of glycerol. 
 
 Salicylid (sal-is' -il-id). An anhydrid of salicy- 
 lic acid. S.-phenetidin. See Malakin. 
 
 Salicylize (sal'-is-il-iz). To treat with salicylic 
 acid. 
 
 Salicylol (sal'-is-il-ol). See Salicylic Aldehyd. 
 
 Salicyluric Acid (sal-is-il-u'-rik) [salicylic; 
 uric]. A compound of glycol and salicylic acid 
 found in the urine after the administration of 
 salicylic acid. 
 
 Salifebrin (sal-e-feb'-rin). Salicylanilid; C 13 - 
 H n N0 2 , a white, permanent powder, insoluble 
 in water, freely soluble in alcohol; recom- 
 mended as an antipyretic and antineuralgic. 
 It colors blue litmus-paper red. 
 
 Saliferous (sal-if'-er-us) [sal, salt; ferre, to 
 bear]. Producing salt. 
 
 Salifiable (sal-if-i'-a-bl) [sal; fieri, to become]. 
 Forming a salt by union with an acid. 
 
 Saliformin (sal-i}-orm'-in), (CH 2 ) 6 N 4 . C 6 H 4 - 
 (OH)COOH. A white, crystalline powder, 
 of sour taste, soluble in water and alcohol. 
 It is an antiseptic and uric-acid solvent. 
 Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). Syn., Formin 
 salicylate; Hexa methylentetraminsalicylate; 
 Urotropin salicylate. 
 
 Saligallol (sal-e-gal'-ol). Pyrogallol disalicy- 
 late, a resinous solid, soluble in acetone or 
 chloroform. Used as a vehicle for dermic 
 applications and as a varnish. 
 
 Saligenin (sal-ij'-en-in) [salicin; yzvvav, to 
 produce], C 7 H 8 2 . Orthooxybenzylalcohol, 
 a substance obtained from salicin by boiling 
 with dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. 
 
 Salimeter (sal-im'-et-er) [saline; jikxpov, a 
 measure]. A hydrometer for ascertaining 
 the strength of saline solutions. 
 
 Saline (sa'-len or sa'-lin) .[sal, salt]. 1. Salty; 
 containing salt or substance resembling salt. 
 2. A salt of an alkali or alkaline earth. S. 
 Solution, a 0.6 % solution of sodium chlorid; 
 normal salt solution. 
 
 Salipyrin (sa-lip'-ir-in or sal-i-pi'-rin) [salicy- 
 late; _ nup^ fire], C n H 12 N 2 . C 7 H 6 O s . An- 
 tipyrin salicylate, consisting of 57.7 parts of 
 salicylic acid and 42.3 parts of antipyrin; 
 it is soluble in water, and is used in rheuma- 
 tism, neuralgia, and as an antipyretic. Dose 
 15-3? gr- (1-2 Gm.). 
 
 Saliretin (sal-e-ret'-in) [saligenin; pyzcvT}, resin], 
 C l4 H 14 3 . An amorphous resinous body, pro- 
 duced by treating saligenin with acids. 
 
 Salisbury Treatment. The treatment of 
 obesity by meat diet and hot water. 
 
 Salitannol (sal-e-tan'-ol), C 14 H 16 7 . A con- 
 densation-product of salicylic and gallic acids 
 by action of phosphorous oxychlorid; a white, 
 amorphous powder, soluble in solutions of 
 caustic alkalis, slightly soluble in alcohol. 
 Recommended as a surgical antiseptic. 
 
 Salithymol (sal-e-thi'-mol). Thymol salicylate. 
 
 Saliva (sa-li'-vah) [L.]. The mixed secretion 
 of the parotid, submaxillary, sublingual, and 
 mucous glands of the mouth. It is opalescent, 
 tasteless, alkaline, and has a specific gravity of 
 from 1004 to 1009, and contains serum- 
 albumin, globulin, mucin, urea, an amylolytic 
 ferment called ptyalin, and a proteolytic and 
 a lipolytic ferment; also salts, among which 
 is potassium sulfocyanid, derived especially 
 from the parotid gland. Among formed ele- 
 ments are epithelial cells, salivary corpuscles, 
 and bacteria. The functions of saliva are to 
 moisten the food and lubricate the bolus, to 
 dissolve certain substances, to facilitate tast- 
 ing, to aid in deglutition and articulation, and 
 to digest starches, which it converts into 
 maltose, dextrin, and glucose. 
 
 Salivary (sal' -iv-a-re) [saliva]. Pertaining to 
 or producing saliva; formed from saliva. S. 
 Calculus, a calcareous concretion found in 
 the salivary ducts. 
 
 Salivate (sal'-iv-dt) [salivare, to spit out]. To 
 cause an excessive discharge of saliva. 
 
 Salivation (sal-iv-a' -shun) [salivate]. An ex- 
 cessive secretion of saliva; a condition pro- 
 duced by mercury, pilocarpin, and by nervous 
 disturbances. S., Psychic. See A pty 'alia (2). 
 
 Salivator (sal' -iv-a-tor) [salivate]. An agent 
 causing salivation. 
 
 Salivatory (sal-iv-a' -to-re). Salivant; stimu- 
 lating the secretion of saliva. 
 
 Salkowski's Modification of Hoppe-Seyler's 
 Test for CO in the Blood. Add to the blood 
 to be tested 20 volumes of water and an equal 
 quantity of a sodium hydroxid solution of 
 specific gravity 1.34. In the presence of car- 
 bon monoxid the mixture will soon become 
 milky, changing to bright red. On standing, 
 red flakes collect on the surface. Normal 
 blood treated in this way gives a dirty brown 
 coloration. S.'s Reaction for Choles- 
 . terin, dissolve the substance in chloroform 
 and add an equal volume of concentrated 
 sulfuric acid. The cholesterin solution be- 
 comes bluish-red, changing gradually to vio- 
 let red, while the sulfuric acid appears red 
 with a green fluorescence. S.'s Test for 
 Indol, to the indol solution add a few drops 
 
(DE) SALLE'S LINE 
 
 849 
 
 SALT 
 
 of nitric acid, and then, drop by drop, a 2 % 
 solution of potassium nitrite. The presence 
 of indol is evinced by a red color, and finally 
 by a red precipitate of nitrosoindol nitrate. 
 
 (de) Salle's Line. A line beginning at the 
 upper margin of the ala nasi, encircling the 
 angle of the mouth, and ending at the edge 
 of the orbicularis oris. For significance see 
 Jadelot's Lines. 
 
 Salmiac (sal'-me-ak). Ammonium chlorid. 
 
 Salmin (sal'-min), C^H^N^O,; + 4H 2 0. A 
 protamin from salmon, identical or isomeric 
 with clupein. 
 
 Salmon's Back-cut. An incision along the 
 track of an anal fistula. 
 
 Salol (sal'-ol) [salix, willow]. See Phenyl Sali- 
 cylate. S., Camphorated, a mixture of 75 % 
 of phenyl salicylate with 25 % of camphor; an 
 oily liquid, soluble in alcohol, ether, chloro- 
 form, or oils, a local anesthetic, antiseptic, and 
 analgesic. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 Gm.). 
 Syn., Camphor salol. S. Tribromid, C 6 H 4 . - 
 OH . COO . C 6 H 2 Br 3 , a white, odorless, taste- 
 less powder, freely soluble in chloroform and 
 glacial acetic acid, insoluble in ether or alco- 
 hol. It is a combined hypnotic and hemo- 
 static. Dose 32 gr. (2 Gm.). Syn., Cordol. 
 
 Salolism (sa'-lol-izm). Poisoning by phenyl 
 salicylate, a mixture of salicylism and carbol- 
 ism in which the symptoms of the latter 
 predominate. 
 
 Salophen (sal'-o-fen) [salix, willow], C 6 H 4 . - 
 OH . C0 2 . C 6 H 4 . NH (C 2 H 3 0) = C 15 H 13 N0 4 . 
 Acetylparamidophenyl salicylate, a crystal- 
 line substance containing 50% of salicylic 
 acid, and used as a substitute for the latter, 
 and as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose 15 gr. 
 (1 Gm.). 
 
 Saloquinin (sal-o-kin'-en), C 6 H 4 . OH . CO . - 
 O . C 20 H 23 N 2 O. The quinin ester of salicylic 
 acid; a crystalline, absolutely tasteless sub- 
 stance, insoluble in water, readily soluble 
 in alcohol or ether; melts at 130 C. It is 
 used as is quinin. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 
 Gm.) several times daily. S. Salicylate, 
 C 6 H 4 . OH . COO . QqH^O . C 6 H 4 . OH . - 
 COOH, crystallizes in white needles, soluble 
 with difficulty in water; melts at 179 C. It is 
 tasteless and recommended in rheumatism. 
 Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 3 times daily. Syn., 
 Rheumatin. 
 
 Salosantal (sal-o-san'-tal). A 33% solution of 
 phenyl salicylate in sandalwood oil with the 
 addition of a little oil of peppermint. It is 
 indicated in cystitis, prostatitis, etc. Dose 
 10-20 drops 3 times daily after meals. 
 
 Salpingectomy (sal-pin-jek' -to-me) [salpinx; 
 inro[ir), excision]. Excision of the fallopian 
 tube. 
 
 Salpingion (sal-pin' '-je-on) . The point at the 
 inferior surface of the apex of the petrosa. 
 
 Salpingitic (sal - pin - jit' '- ik) [salpinx; cue, 
 inflammation]. Pertaining to or affected with 
 salpingitis. 
 
 Salpingitis (sal - pin- ji' -Us) [salpinx; cue, 
 inflammation]. 1. Inflammation of the fal- 
 lopian tube. 2. Inflammation of the eusta- 
 5S 
 
 chian tube." S., Chronic Parenchymatous, 
 
 pachysalpingitis, chronic interstitial inflam- 
 mation and thickening of the muscular coat 
 of the fallopian tube. S., Chronic Vegetat- 
 ing, excessive hypertrophy of the mucosa of 
 the fallopian tube. S., Gonorrheal, that due 
 to infection with gonococci. S., Hemor- 
 rhagic, hematosalpinx. S., Interstitial, 
 that marked by excessive formation of con- 
 nective tissue. S., Isthmic Nodular, fol- 
 licular inflammation of the small constricted 
 portion (isthmus) of the oviduct, with forma- 
 tion of small nodules of muscular and con- 
 nective tissue. S., Mural. See S., Chronic 
 Parenchymatous. S., Nodular, a form 
 marked by formation of solid nodules. Cf. 
 S., Tuberculous. S., Parenchymatous. 
 See S., Chronic Parenchymatous. S., Pneu- 
 mococcous, that due to infection with 
 pneumococci. S., Pseudofollicular, adeno- 
 myoma originating in the tubal epithelium. 
 S., Purulent, salpingitis with secretion of pus 
 instead of mucus or serum. S., Tubercu- 
 lous, that marked by the infiltration of the 
 lining membrane and walls of the tube with 
 tuberculous nodules. 
 
 Salpingo- (sal-ping-go-) [oaXncy$, tube]. A pre- 
 fix denoting relation to the fallopian or the 
 eustachian tube. 
 
 Salpingocatheterism (sal-ping-go-kath'-e-ter- 
 izm). Catheterization of the eustachian tube. 
 
 Salpingocele (sal-ping' -go-sel) [salpingo-; kt}Xtj, 
 a hernia]. Hernia of the oviduct. 
 
 Salpingooophorectomy (sal-ping-go-o-o-for- 
 ek'-to-me) [salpingo-; oophoron; ixxo/iiy, ex- 
 cision]. Excision of the fallopian tube and 
 the ovary. 
 
 Salpingooophoritis (sal-ping-go-o-of-or-i'-tis) 
 [salpingo-; oophoron; cue. inflammation]. In- 
 flammation of the fallopian tube and the ovary. 
 
 Salpingooophorocele (sal-ping-go-o-of'-or-o- 
 sel) [salpingo-; oophorocele). Hernial pro- 
 trusion of the ovary and oviduct. 
 
 Salpingoperitonitis (sal-ping-go-per-it-on-i'- 
 tis). Inflammation of the peritoneum lining 
 the oviduct. 
 
 Salpingoscope (sal - ping' -go- shop) [salpingo-; 
 OKOitzlv, to look]. A modified cystoscope pro- 
 vided with an electric lamp of low voltage for 
 exploration of the nasopharynx. 
 
 Salpingostaphylinus (sal-pin g-go-staf-il-i'-nus) 
 [salpingo-; oracf)uXrj, uvula]. The abductor 
 muscle of the eustachian tube. S. internus. 
 Synonym of Levator palati. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Salpingostomy (sal-ping-gos' -to-me) [salpingo-; 
 oro/ia, mouth]. The operation of making an 
 artificial fistula between a fallopian tube and 
 the body -surf ace. 
 
 Salpingotomy (sal-ping-got'-o-me) [salpingo-; 
 ro/irj, a cutting]. The operation of cutting 
 into a fallopian tube. 
 
 Salpinx (sal'-pinks) [oaXizcfZ, tube]. A tube, 
 especially the eustachian or the fallopian tube. 
 
 Salt [sal, salt]. 1. Sodium chlorid. 2. Any 
 compound of a base and an acid. S., Acid, 
 a salt formed from a dibasic or polybasic acid 
 
SALT 
 
 850 
 
 SANATORIUM 
 
 in which only a part of the replaceable hy- 
 drogen atoms has been replaced by the base. 
 S., Alkaline. See S., Basic. S., Aperient, 
 of Frederick, sodium sulfate. S. of Barilla, 
 sodium carbonate. S., Basic, a salt contain- 
 ing an excess of the basic element, and formed 
 by the union of a normal salt with a basic oxid 
 or hydroxid. S., Bay-, sodium chlorid; 
 also the sea-salt obtained by the evaporation 
 of sea-water by solar heat. S. of Bones, 
 ammonium carbonate. S., Carlsbad, a salt 
 prepared from one of the springs at Carlsbad 
 or made in imitation of it. Each spring con- 
 tains in varying degrees carbonates of mag- 
 nesia, iron, manganese, calcium, strontium, 
 lithium, and sodium, sulfates of sodium and 
 potassium, sodium chlorid, sodium fluorid, 
 'sodium borate, and calcium phosphate. S. 
 of Colcothar, sulfate of iron. S., Common, 
 sodium chlorid. S., Crab Orchard, a mild 
 saline purgative produced from the evaporated 
 water of springs at Crab Orchard, Kentucky. 
 It contains magnesium, sodium, and potas- 
 sium sulfates and a little iron and lithium. S., 
 Diuretic, potassium acetate. S., Double, 
 one in which the hydrogen atoms of an acid 
 are replaced by two metals. S., Epsom-, 
 magnesium sulfate. S.-frog, a frog from 
 whose vascular system all blood has been 
 artificially removed and replaced by normal 
 salt solution. Syn., Cohnheim's frog. S., 
 Glauber's, sodium sulfate. S., Halogen, 
 S., Haloid, any salt of the halogen elements, 
 bromin, chlorin, fluorin, and iodin. S.s of 
 Lemon, potassium binoxalate. S., Mon- 
 sel's, subsulfate of iron, used chiefly in solu- 
 tion as a styptic. S., Neutral, one formed 
 by the replacement of all the hydrogen atoms 
 of an acid by a base or a radicle. S., Nor- 
 mal. Synonym of S., Neutral. S.s, Pres- 
 ton's, English smelling-salts. S., Purging, 
 Tasteless, sodium phosphate. S.-rheum, 
 chronic eczema. S., Rochelle, sodium and 
 potassium tartrate. S., Rock-, native so- 
 dium chlorid, occurring in crystalline masses. 
 S., Sea-, the sodium chlorid obtained by the 
 evaporation of sea-water. S., Secondary. 
 Same as S., Neutral. S. -sickness. See 
 Sickness, Salt-. S., Smelling-, any pungent, 
 irritant salt which when inhaled usually acts 
 reflexly as a respiratory or circulatory stimu- 
 lant. Ammonium carbonate is generally 
 used. S. of Soda, sodium carbonate. S. 
 Solution, a solution of sodium chlorid in dis- 
 tilled water. One containing from 0.6 to 
 0.75 % of sodium chlorid is known as a normal 
 or physiologic salt solution, and is used in 
 physiologic experiments on living tissues. In 
 medicine it has been employed to restore to 
 the system the fluids lost by severe hemorrhage 
 or profuse diarrheal discharges. The solution 
 is introduced into the subcutaneous tissues or 
 into a vein; sometimes also into the rectum. 
 S. of Sorrel, potassium binoxalate derived 
 from species of Oxalis and Rumex. S.S, 
 Spirit of, hydrochloric acid. S. -starvation. 
 See Hypochlorization. S. of Tartar, pure 
 
 potassium carbonate. S. of Urine, am- 
 monium carbonate. S. of Vitriol, zinc 
 sulfate. S. of Wisdom, sal alembroth. S. 
 of Wormwood, potash prepared from worm- 
 wood. 
 
 Saltans rosa. Urticaria. 
 
 Saltatory, Saltatoric (sal'-tat-o-re, sal-tat-or' -ik) 
 [saltare, to dance]. Dancing or leaping. 
 S. Spasm, a clonic spasm that causes the 
 patient to leap or jump when he attempts to 
 stand. 
 
 Salted. A term applied to animals that have 
 recovered from South African horse-sickness. 
 
 Salter's Incremental Lines. Dentinal lines 
 more or less parallel to the surface of the 
 tooth and produced by imperfectly calcified 
 dentin. 
 
 Saltpeter (sawlt-pe'-tre) [salt;^ petra, a rock]. 
 Potassium nitrate. S., Chili, sodium nitrate. 
 
 Salts. A saline cathartic, especially magnesium 
 sulfate, sodium sulfate, or rochelle salt. 
 
 Salubrin {sal-u r -brin) [salubritas, healthfulness]. 
 A compound said to contain 2 % of anhydrous 
 acetic acid, 25 % of acetic ether, 50 % of alco- 
 hol, and the remainder distilled water. It is 
 antiseptic, astringent, and hemostatic, and is 
 used diluted with water as a gargle and on 
 compresses. 
 
 Salubrious {sa-lu'-bre-us) [salus, health]. 
 Healthful. 
 
 Salubrol {sal-u'-brol). Tetrabromomethylene- 
 diantipyrin. An inodorous, antiseptic powder 
 used in the same way as iodoform. 
 
 Salufer {sal' -u-fer) . Sodium silicofmorid. 
 
 Salumin (sal f -u-min) . See Aluminium Sali- 
 cylate. 
 
 Salve (sahv) [AS., sealf\. Ointment. S., 
 Deshler's, compound rosin cerate. 
 
 Salvia {sal'-ve-ah) [L.]. The official name for 
 the dried leaves of Salvia officinalis. See 
 Sage. 
 
 Salzer's Operation. Excision of the whole 
 of the third division of the fifth nerve. 
 
 Sambucin (sam-bu'-sin) [Sambucus, the elder]. 
 An alcoholic fluidextract of the bark of Sam- 
 bucus nigra. It is a diuretic. 
 
 Sambucus {sam-bu'-kus) [L.]. Elder; a shrub 
 or tree of the order CapHfoliacecB. The 
 flowers of S. canadensis and the berries are 
 sudorific; the latter have been used as an 
 alterative in rheumatism and syphilis. The 
 inner bark has been employed in epilepsy, 
 dropsy, and various chronic diseases. Aqua 
 sambuci (B. P.) is used as a vehicle. 
 
 Sanative \san'-a-tiv) [sanare, to heal]. Pro- 
 moting health; healing. 
 
 Sanatogen {san-at'-o-jen). A dietetic contain- 
 ing 90 % of casein and 5 % of sodium phos- 
 phoglycerid. Dose 1 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) 
 added to soup, cocoa, etc. 
 
 Sanatolyn {san-at'-ol-in). A disinfectant said 
 to consist of phenol and sulfuric acid with a 
 percentage of ferrous sulfate. 
 
 Sanatorium (san-at-o' -re-um) {sanare, to heal]. 
 An establishment for the treatment of the 
 sick; especially a private hospital. See 
 Sanitarium. 
 
SANATORY 
 
 851 
 
 SANO 
 
 Sanatory (san'-at-o-re). See Sanative. 
 
 Sand [AS.]. An aggregation of fine grains 
 of silicic oxid. S., Auditory, otoliths. 
 S.-bath. i. A vessel containing dry sand in 
 which a substance requiring a slowly rising 
 or uniform temperature may be heated. 
 S. -blind. See Metamorphopsia. S. -bodies. 
 See Corpora aranacea. S., Intestinal, gritty 
 material passed with the stools. S., Pineal. 
 See Acervulus. S. -tumor. See Psammoma. 
 
 Sandalwood, i . Red saunders (Santalum rub- 
 rum, U. S. P.; Pterocarpi ligni, B. P.), the 
 wood of Pterocarpus santalinus, of the order 
 Leguminosce. It is used as a coloring agent. 
 2. The wood of Santalum album, of the order 
 SantalacecB, containing a volatile oil. S. 
 Oil (oleum santali, U. S. P., B. P.), used in 
 bronchitis and gonorrhea. Dose 15-20 min. 
 (1.0-1.3 Cc). 
 
 Sandarac (san'-dar-ak). A white, transparent 
 resin produced by Callitris quadrivalvis, a 
 tree of North Africa. It is now little used 
 except as a varnish and incense. S. Varnish, 
 in dentistry a solution of sandarac in alcohol 
 used as a separating medium in making 
 plaster casts. 
 
 Sandaracin (san-dar' -as-in) . Giese's name for 
 sandarac which has been exposed to the action 
 of alcohol. It is a mixture of two of the three 
 resins of which sandarac is said to be com- 
 posed. 
 
 Sander's Sign. Undulatory character of the 
 cardiac impulse, most marked in the epigastric 
 region, in adherent pericardium. S.'s Type 
 of Paranoia, paranoia appearing in youth. 
 Syn., Paranoia originaria. 
 
 Sane (sari) [sanus, whole]. Of sound mind. 
 
 Sanguification (sang- gwif-ik-a' 'shun) [sanguis, 
 blood; facere, to make]. 1. The formation of 
 blood. 2. Conversion into blood, as the 
 sanguification of substances absorbed from 
 the intestinal tract. 
 
 Sanguimotion (sang-gwi-mo' -shun) [sanguis; 
 motion]. The circulation of the blood. 
 
 Sanguimotory (sang-gwi-mo'-tor-e). Relating 
 to the circulation of the blood. 
 
 Sanguinaria (sang-gwin-a' -re-ah) [sanguis]. 
 Bloodroot, a genus of plants of the order 
 PapaveracecB. The rhizome of 5. canadensis 
 (sanguinaria, U. S. P.) is emetic and nar- 
 cotic; in large doses it is an irritant and con- 
 vulsant. It is used chiefly as an expector- 
 ant in bronchitis. Dose, as an expectorant, 
 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 Gm.); as an emetic, 5- 
 10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). S., Fluidextract 
 of (fluidextractum sanguinariae, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1-10 min. (0.065-0.65 Cc). S., Tinc- 
 ture of (tinctura sanguinarice , U. S. P.). 
 Dose 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Sanguinarin (sang-gwin-a'-riri), C 20 H 15 NO 4 , 
 the most important alkaloid derived from the 
 rhizome of Sanguinaria canadensis. Dose 
 T2— £~f gr. (0.005-0.0 1 1-0.05 Gm.) in solu- 
 tion. Small doses expectorant, large doses 
 emetic. S. Nitrate, C 17 H 15 N0 4 . HN0 3 , a red, 
 crystalline powder, soluble in water and alco- 
 hol, Dosage and uses the same as the alkaloid. 
 
 S. Sulfate, (C 17 H 15 N0 4 ) 2 . H 2 S0 4 , red crystal- 
 line powder, soluble in water and alcohol. 
 Dosage and uses the same as the alkaloid. 
 
 Sanguine (sang' -gwin) [sanguis]. 1. Resem- 
 bling blood; bloody. 2. Hopeful; active, as 
 sanguine temperament. 
 
 Sanguineous (sang-gwin' -e-us) [sanguis]. 1. 
 Pertaining to the blood; containing blood. 
 2. Sanguine. S. Cyst, a cyst containing 
 blood-stained fluid. 
 
 Sanguino (sang'-gwin-o). A proprietary prepa- 
 ration said to contain all iron salts, albu- 
 mins, fats, and carbohydrates formed in the 
 animal organism. 
 
 Sanguinoform (sang-gwin' '-o-form). A thera- 
 peutic preparation of blood said to be obtained 
 from the embryonic blood-forming organs of 
 animals. 
 
 Sanguinolent (sang-gwin' -o-leni) [sanguis]. 
 Tinged with blood. 
 
 Sanguis (sang'-gwis) [L.]. Blood. 
 
 Sanguisuga (sang-gwi-su' -gah) . See Leec . 
 
 Sanies (sa'-ne-ez) [L.]. A thin, fetid, greenish, 
 seropurulent fluid discharged from an ulcer, 
 wound, or fistula. 
 
 Sanious (sa'-ne-us) [sanies]. Pertaining to or 
 resembling sanies, as sanious pus. 
 
 Sanitarium (san-it-a'-re-um) [sanitas, health]. 
 A place where the conditions are such as 
 especially to promote health; a resort for con- 
 valescents. S., Ocean, a ship so constructed 
 as to be specially adapted to the requirements 
 of invalids or convalescents and to making 
 long cruises. 
 
 Sanitary (san'-it-a-re) [sanitas]. Pertaining 
 to health. S. Cordon, a line of guards to 
 control ingress or egress to an infected locality. 
 S. Science, the science that includes a con- 
 sideration of all that can be done for the pre- 
 vention of disease and the promotion of the 
 public health. 
 
 Sanitation (san-it-a' -shun) [sanitary]. The act 
 of securing a healthful condition; the applica- 
 tion of sanitary measures. 
 
 Sanity (san'-it-e) [sanitas, from sanus, sound]. 
 Soundness of mind. 
 
 Sanmethyl (san-meth'-il). A proprietary prepa- 
 ration said to consist of methylene-blue, 
 copaiba, phenyl salicylate, oils of sandalwood 
 and cinnamon, and the oleoresins of cubebs 
 and matico. It is used in gonorrhea. Dose 
 in capsules 10 min. (0.66 Cc). 
 
 Sanmetra (san-mef -rah) [sanus, sound; p-yrpa, 
 womb]. A combination of zinc sulfate, 1 
 gr. ; antipyrin, 2 gr.; ichthyol, 5 gr. ; fluid- 
 extract of hydrastis, 5 gr. ; creasote, 1-2 gr.; 
 extract of hyoscyamus, 1-2 gr. ; menthol and 
 thymol, each, 1-25 gr. ; oil of eucalyptus, 1 gr. 
 It is indicated in vaginal, uterine, and pelvic 
 diseases, and is used in suppositories. 
 
 Sanmetto (san-mef -0). A proprietary prepa- 
 ration recommended in genitourinary dis- 
 eases and said to consist of sandalwood and 
 saw-palmetto. Dose 1 teaspoon ful (5 Cc.) 
 4 times daily. 
 
 Sano (san'-o). A dietetic said to consist of dex- 
 trinated barley flour with a high percentage 
 
SANODERMA 
 
 852 
 
 SAPODERMIN 
 
 of proteids; according to analysis, it consists 
 of water, 13.7%; proteids, 12.5%; fat, 1.6%; 
 mineral matter, 1.85%; soluble carbohy- 
 drates, 4.1%; cellulose, 1.4%;. and starch, 
 64.9 %. 
 
 Sano derma (san-o-der'-mah). A sterilized 
 muslin bandage saturated with bismuth 
 subnitrate. 
 
 Sanoform (san'-o-jorm), C 6 H 2 I 2 OHCOOCH 3 . 
 The methyl ether of diiodosalicylic acid. It 
 is a white, tasteless, odorless, permanent 
 powder, containing 62.7% iodin; melts at 
 no° C; soluble in alcohol, ether, or vaselin. 
 It is used as a surgical dressing in powder or 
 10 % ointment. 
 
 Sanose (san'-oz). A proprietary dietetic said 
 to contain 80% of casein and 20% of albu- 
 mose; a white, odorless, tasteless powder 
 forming an emulsion when stirred with water 
 or milk. Dose 5 dr.-i^ oz. (20-50 Gm.) in 
 a pint of milk. 
 
 Sanosin (san'-o-sin). A mixture of sulfur, 
 charcoal, and eucalyptus leaves. The fumes 
 of this when ignited are used by inhalation 
 in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 Sansom's Sign. 1. Considerable extension 
 of dulness in the second and third intercostal 
 spaces in pericardial effusion. 2. A rhythmic 
 murmur transmitted through the air in the 
 mouth when the lips of the patient are applied 
 to the chestpiece of the stethoscope; it is heard 
 in cases of aortic aneurysm. 
 
 Sanson's Images. See Purkinje's Images. 
 
 Santal {san'-tal). Santalum, white sandal- 
 wood. See Sandalwood (2). 
 
 Santalal (san'-tal-at), C 15 H 24 0. A constituent 
 of santal oil found by Chapoteaut; boils at 
 3°o° C. 
 
 Santalol (san'-tal-ol), C 15 H 26 0. A constituent 
 of oil of santal found by Chapoteaut; it boils 
 at 310 C. 
 
 Santa Lucia Bark. The bark of Exostemma 
 floribundum, a rubiaceous tree of the Antilles. 
 
 Santol (san'-tol), C 8 H 6 3 . A crystalline sub- 
 stance found by H. Weidel (1870) in white 
 sandalwood. 
 
 Santolina (san-to-W -na) {santalum, because of 
 the similarity of odor]. A genus of composite 
 plants. The herb and fruit of S. chamcecy- 
 parissus of Europe are anthelmintic, anti- 
 spasmodic, and stomachic. As anthelmintic, 
 dose for adults — of decoction, 5 oz. for 4 suc- 
 cessive mornings, then followed by cathartic. 
 
 Santonica (san-ton'-ik-ah) \oavzovcnbv, worm- 
 wood]. Levant wormseed, the unexpanded 
 flower-heads of Artemisia pauciflora (U. S. P.) 
 or A. maritima, var., Stechmanniana (B. P.), 
 of the order Composite, the essential con- 
 stituent of which is santonin, C 15 H 18 3 (san- 
 toninum, U. S. P., B. P.). Santonin is a 
 neutral crystalline principle, producing, in 
 overdoses, xanthopsia, giddiness, stupor, at 
 times convulsions, and death from failure of 
 respiration. The urine is colored yellow. 
 Santonica and santonin are used as vermicides 
 against the lumbricoid worm. Dose of 
 santonica 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.); of 
 
 santonin 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). Sodium 
 santoninate was formerly used as a substitute 
 for santonin, but has produced poisoning. 
 
 Santonin (san'-to-nin). See Under Santonica. 
 S., Troches of (trochisci santonini, U. S. P., 
 B. P.), those of the U. S. P. contain each 
 about J gr. (0.033 Gm.) of santonin; those 
 of the B. P. contain 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) of the 
 drug. 
 
 Santoninoxim (san-ton-in-oks'-im), C 15 H 18 2 - 
 (NOH). A derivative of santonin by action 
 of an alcoholic solution of hydroxylamin 
 hydrochlorate with soda; a white, crystalline 
 powder, less toxic than santonin, and used as 
 a vermicide. Dose for adults 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.) 
 divided into two doses and taken at intervals 
 of one to two hours, followed by a cathartic. 
 Repeat for 2 or 3 days. 
 
 Santonism (san f -ton-izm) . Poisoning from 
 overdosage of santonin. 
 
 Santorini's Canal. See Bernard's Canal. 
 S.'s Cartilages, cornicula laryngis; the car- 
 tilaginous nodules on the tips of the aryte- 
 noid cartilages. S.'s Circular Muscle, in- 
 voluntary muscular fibers encircling the ure- 
 thra beneath the constrictor urethras. S.'s 
 Concha, a small, supernumerary, spongy 
 bone sometimes found above the superior 
 turbinated bone of the ethmoid. S.'s Fis- 
 sures, two fissures separating the cartilagin- 
 ous portions of the external auditory canal 
 into three incomplete rings. Syn., Incisures 
 santorini. S.'s Muscle. See under Muscle. 
 S.'s Plexus. 1. The vesicoprostatic plexus of 
 veins in the male ; the venous plexus surround- 
 ing the front and sides of the urethra in the 
 female. 2. An anastomotic network formed 
 at the foramen ovale by the filaments of the 
 two roots of the inferior maxillary nerve. S.'s 
 Veins, the emissary veins forming a com- 
 munication between the cerebral sinuses and 
 the veins of the scalp; especially, the small 
 veins passing through the parietal foramen 
 and connecting the parietal with the superior 
 longitudinal sinus. 
 
 Sapan-wood (sap-an'-wud). The wood of 
 CcBsalpinia sappan, used as a dye as a sub- 
 stitute for hematoxylon. 
 
 Saphenous (sa-k'-nus) [aa^vric, manifest]. 
 Apparent; superficial; manifest; applied to 
 two veins of the lower limb, the internal or 
 long saphenous vein and external or short 
 saphenous vein, situated just beneath the sur- 
 face; also applied to the nerves accompany- 
 ing these veins. S. Opening, an opening in 
 the fascia lata at the upper part of the thigh 
 through which the long saphenous vein and 
 nerve pass. 
 
 Sapid (sap f -id) [sapere, to taste]. Capable of 
 being tasted. 
 
 Sapidity (sap-id' -it-e) [sapid]. The property 
 or quality of a substance which gives it taste. 
 
 Sapo (sa'-po) [L.]. Soap. See Soap. 
 
 Sapodermin (sap-o-der'-min). An antiseptic 
 soap containing albuminate of mercury; used 
 in the treatment of parasitic and fungoid dis- 
 eases, 
 
SAPOGENIN 
 
 853 
 
 SARCINA 
 
 Sapogenin (sap-oj' -en-in) , Q^H^O^ (Hesse). 
 A derivative of saponin by action of dilute 
 acids with heat. It occurs in needles grouped 
 in stars, soluble in alcohol or ether. Syn., 
 Saporetin. 
 
 Sapolan (sap'-ol-an). A compound said to 
 consist of a naphtha product, 2.5 parts; soap, 
 3 to 4%; lanolin, 1.5 parts; it is used in skin 
 diseases. 
 
 Saponaceous (sap-o-na' -se-us) [sapo, soap]. 
 Having the nature of soap. 
 
 Saponal (sap'-o-nal). A cleansing compound 
 said to consist of soap, 20%; sodium carbon- 
 ate, 60%; sodium chlorid, 2.2%; and water, 
 11%. 
 
 Saponaria (sap-o-na' -re-ah) [sapo, soap]. A 
 genus of plants of the order Caryophyllece. 
 S. officinalis, or soapwort, bouncing-bet, is 
 a species growing wild abundantly in the 
 United States and Europe in the vicinity of 
 houses. The root, rhizome, and stolons are 
 used in gout, syphilis, and as an expectorant. 
 It contains saponin, sapotoxin, sapogenin, etc. 
 
 Saponarius (sap-o-na' -re-us). Of a soapy 
 character. 
 
 Saponetin (sap-on-et'-in). A microcrystalline 
 body, C 40 H b6 O 15 , obtained by heating saponin 
 with dilute acids. 
 
 Saponification (sa-pon-i}-ik-a'-shun) [sapo; fa- 
 cere, to make]. The act of converting into 
 soap ; the process of treating a neutral fat with 
 an alkali, which combines with the fatty acid, 
 forming a soap. 
 
 Saponiform (sap-on' -e- form). Soap-like in ap- 
 pearance and consistence. 
 
 Saponify (sa-pon'-e-fi) [see Saponification]. 
 To convert into soap; to convert a neutral 
 fat by the action of an alkali into free glycerol 
 and a salt of the alkali, the latter forming a 
 soap. 
 
 Saponin (sap'-o-nin) [sapo], C 32 H 54 18 . A 
 glucosid contained in the roots of soapwort 
 and other plants, and in aqueous solution 
 forming a strong lather. S., Coal-tar. See 
 Liquor carbonis detergens. 
 
 Saponule, Saponulus (sap' -on-ill, sap-on' -u- 
 lus). Imperfect soaps formed by combination 
 of essential oils with bases. 
 
 Saporosity (sap-or-os'-it-e) [sapid] Sapidity. 
 
 Sapotin (sap'-o-tin). A glucosid, C 29 H 52 O 20 , 
 extracted from the seed of the sapodilla-plum, 
 the fruit of Achras sapota, occurring in minute 
 crystals which melt at 240 C. It is readily 
 soluble in water, less so in alcohol, and in- 
 soluble in ether, benzin, or chloroform. 
 
 Sapotiretin (sap-o-tir-ef -in) , C 17 H 32 Oi . A prod- 
 uct obtained from sapotin by boiling it with 
 dilute sulfuric acid; insoluble in water, readily 
 soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Sapotoxin (sap-o-toks'-in) [sapo; to^ckov, 
 poison], C 17 H 30 O 10 . A poisonous glucosid ob- 
 tained from saponin. 
 
 Sappanin (sap'-an-in). A substance obtained 
 by the fusion of an extract of the wood of 
 Ccesalpinia sappan with caustic soda. 
 
 Sappey's Accessory Portal Veins. A system 
 of venules uniting to form small trunks, which 
 
 redivide in the liver and empty into the sublob- 
 ular veins. It consists of the minute nutrient 
 veins of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and 
 bile-ducts; of venules lying in the gastro- 
 hepatic omentum, the suspensory ligament 
 of the liver, and about the fundus of the gall- 
 bladder; and of the group of small veins in 
 the umbilical, region. Through the branches 
 lying in the suspensory ligament of the liver 
 and through the parumbilical group the portal 
 vein communicates with the venae cavae. S.'s 
 Fibers, smooth muscular fibers found in the 
 check ligaments of the eyeball close to their 
 orbital attachment. 
 
 Sapphism (saf'-izm) [from Zancfroj, Sappho, a 
 Greek poetess]. Tribadism. 
 
 Sapremia, Sapraemia (sap-rem'-e-ah) [oanpoc, 
 putrid; alfia, blood]. The intoxication pro- 
 duced by absorption of the results of putrefac- 
 tion of a contained material within a more or 
 less shut containing cavity whose walls are 
 capable of absorption of noxious products as 
 they form; so long as the putrefaction is lim- 
 ited to the contained mass it is sapremia; 
 when the process spreads from the containing 
 tissue it becomes septicemia. 
 
 Saprin (sap'-rin) [oanpof, putrid]. A non- 
 poisonous ptomain formed in the putrefaction 
 of animal tissues. 
 
 Sapro- (sap-ro-) [oanpoc, putrid]. A prefix 
 signifying decay, putridity, etc. 
 
 Saprogenic, Saprogenous (sap-ro-jen'-ik, sap- 
 raj' -en-us) [sapro-; yevvav, to beget]. 1. 
 Causing putrefaction. 2. Produced by putre- 
 faction. 
 
 Saprolegnia (sap-ro-leg'-ne-ah) [sapro-; Ikyvov, 
 an edge]. Fly-fungus. A genus of oomy- 
 cetous fungi of the order Saprolegniacece. 
 Four species are known : 5. monoica, S. dioeca, 
 S. asterophora, and S. ferax. They are all 
 saprophytes on dead plants and animals, 
 especially flies, in water, with the exception of 
 the last-named species, which is both sapro- 
 phyte and facultative parasite. It is the cause 
 of fish or salmon disease. 
 
 Saprophagous (sap-ro f'-a-gus) [sapro-; (f>aye"cv, 
 to eat]. Subsisting on decaying matter. 
 
 Saprophyte (sap'-ro-flt) [sapro-; (p"uxdv, a plant]. 
 A vegetable organism living on dead organic 
 matter. 
 
 Saprophytic (sap-ro- fit' -ik) [saprophyte]. 
 Growing in dead organic matter, as sapro- 
 phytic bacteria. 
 
 Saprostomous (sap-ros'-to-mus) [sapro-; ardfia, 
 mouth]. Having offensive breath. 
 
 Sar, Sara [E. Ind., "rotten"]. Vernacular for 
 trypanosomiasis (surra) (q. v.). 
 
 Sarbo's Sign. Analgesia of the peroneal nerve, 
 occasionally observed in tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Sarc (sark) [oap£, flesh]. The belly, body, or 
 fleshy portions of a muscle. 
 
 Sarcin, Sarkin (sar' -sin, sar' -kin). See Hy- 
 poxanthin. 
 
 Sarcina (sar-si'-nah) [L., "a bundle"; ph, sar- 
 cince]. A genus of schizomycetes consisting 
 of cocci dividing in three directions, thus pro- 
 ducing cubic masses. See Bacteria. 
 
SARCINIC 
 
 854 
 
 SARCOUS 
 
 Sarcinic {sar-si' -nik) [sarcina]. Pertaining to 
 or caused by sarcinae. 
 
 Sarcinuria (sar-sin-u'-re-ah) [sarcin; oupov, 
 urine]. The discharge of sarcin with the 
 urine. 
 
 Sarco- (sar-ko-) [oap£, flesh]. A prefix denoting 
 composed of or pertaining to flesh. 
 
 Sarcoblast (sar'-ko -blast) [sarco-; ftXaozbc, a 
 germ], i. In biology, a protoplasmic germ- 
 inal mass. 2. Marchesini's term for Sarco- 
 plast. 
 
 Sarcocarcinoma {sar-ko-kar-sin-o'-mah). A 
 tumor composed of malignant growth of both 
 carcinomatous and sarcomatous types. 
 
 Sarcocele (sar'-ko-sel) [sarco-; ktjXt), a tumor]. 
 Any fleshy swelling of the testicle. S. mal- 
 leosa, that due to Bacillus mallei. S., Syph- 
 ilitic, syphilitic orchitis. 
 
 Sarcocephalus {sar-ko-sef'-al-us) [sarco-; «£<£- 
 clXtj, head]. A genus of the Rubiacece. S. escu- 
 lentus, a shrub of western Africa, the Guinea 
 or Sierra Leone peach, yields an astringent 
 antipyretic bark, doundaki or doundake (q. v.) ; 
 it is the quinquina africane or kina du Rio 
 Nunez of the French. The wood, called 
 nijmo, is tonic and astringent. It contains 
 the alkaloid doundakin. 
 
 Sarcocystis (sar-ko-sis'-tis) [sarco-; kuotcc, a 
 cyst]. A group of the sporozoa. S. mies- 
 cheri, a parasite found in pork and beef. 
 
 Sarcocyte (sar'-ko-sit). See Ectoplasm. 
 
 Sarcode (sar'-kod) [oap£, flesh]. Protoplasm. 
 
 Sarcoenchondroma (sar-ko-en-kon-dro'-mah). 
 A combined sarcoma and enchondroma. 
 
 Sarcoepiplomphalus {sar-ko-ep-e-plom'-fal-us) 
 [sarco-; ininXoov, caul; 6p.<j)aX6c, navel]. An 
 umbilical hernia forming a fleshy mass, from 
 great thickening of the omentum. 
 
 Sarcolactic Acid (sar-ko-lak'-tik). See Acid, 
 Sarcolactic. 
 
 Sarcolemma {sar-ko-lem'-ah) [sarco-; Xkp.p.a, 
 husk]. The delicate membrane enveloping 
 a muscle-fiber. 
 
 Sarcoma {sar-ko'-mah) [sarco-; bjia, tumor]. 
 A tumor made up of embryonal connective 
 tissue. It is characterized by a great pre- 
 ponderance of cells and very little homogene- 
 ous or fibrillar intercellular substance. S. 
 of Abernethy. See S., Adipose. S., Adi- 
 pose, one containing fatty elements. S., 
 Alveolar, one in which groups of sarcoma- 
 cells are contained in alveolar spaces. S., 
 Angiolithic. Synonym of Psammoma. S., 
 Angioplastic, a tumor of the testicle first 
 described by Malazzez and Monod as com- 
 posed of a protoplasmic network with irregu- 
 lar spaces and trabeculas, the latter made 
 up of anastomosing giant-cells. The name 
 Epithelioma syncytiomatodes testiculi is pro- 
 posed for it. S. carcinomatodes, a scirrhous 
 cancer. S. deciduocellulare. See Decidu- 
 oma malignum. S., Encephaloid, a soft, 
 rapidly growing sarcoma, usually of the round- 
 celled variety. S. epulis. See Epulis, Ma- 
 lignant. S., Giant-celled, one containing 
 giant-cells as a prominent feature. S. , Gland- 
 ular, Hodgkin's disease. S., Granulation. 
 
 See S., Round-celled: S. lipomatodes, 
 S., Lipomatous, one characterized by in- 
 filtration of fat. S. lymphadenoides. See 
 Lymphosarcoma. S., Mastoid, a sarcoma of 
 the mammary gland. S., Melanotic, a sar- 
 coma, usually spindle-celled, in which the 
 cells contain melanin. S. molle. See Lym- 
 phosarcoma. S. molluscum, multiple con- 
 nective-tissue tumors of the skin containing 
 few spindle-cells. S., Mucous. See Myxo- 
 sarcoma. S., Miiller's, " sarcoma phyllodes"; 
 adenofibroma of the breast. S., Myeloid. 
 See S., Giant-celled. S. myxomatodes, a 
 myxosarcoma (q. v.). S. phyllodes. See 
 S., Miiller's. S., Round -celled, one made 
 up of round-cells. There are two varieties, 
 the small round-celled and the large round- 
 celled. S. scroti, a sarcocele. S., Spindle- 
 celled, one made up of spindle-cells. Syn., 
 Recurrent fibroid. 
 
 Sarcomatosis {sar-ko-mat-o'-sis) [sarcoma]. 
 The formation of multiple sarcomatous 
 growths in various parts of the body. 
 
 Sarcomatous {sar-W -mat-us) [sarcoma]. Of 
 the nature of or resembling sarcoma. 
 
 Sarcomere (sar f -ko-mer) [sarco-; [lepbg, a part]. 
 One of the segments into which a muscle- 
 fibril appears to be divided by transverse 
 septums. 
 
 Sarcoplasm (sar'-ko-plazm) [sarco-; itXaoatcv, 
 to mold]. The hyaline or finely granular 
 interfibrillar material of muscle tissue. 
 
 Sarcoplasmic {sar-ko-plaz'-mik). Containing 
 sarcoplasm. 
 
 Sarcoplast (sar'-ko-plast) [sarco-; nXaoo'-tv, to 
 mold]. A cell lying between muscular 
 fibrils and capable of developing into a 
 muscular fiber. 
 
 Sarcoplastic (sar-ko-plas' '-tik) [sarcoplast]. 
 Forming flesh. 
 
 Sarcoptes {sar-kop'-tez) [sarco-; Konxttv, to 
 cut]. A genus of mites. S. hominis, the 
 itch-mite. 
 
 Sarcosepsis (sar-ko-sep'-sis) [sarco-; sepsis]. 
 The presence of bacteria directly in the tissues. 
 
 Sarcosin {sar'-ko-sin) [sarcin], C 3 H 7 N0 2 . Me- 
 thylglycocoll, a crystalline substance pro- 
 duced when creatin and caffein are heated 
 with baryta. 
 
 Sarcosporidia {sar-ko-spor-id'-e-ah) [sarco-; 
 sporidia]. A variety of psorosperms found in 
 the muscles of cattle, sheep, swine, and other 
 mammals. 
 
 Sarcosporidiasis {sar-ko-spo-rid-i'-a-sis) [Sar- 
 cosporidia, a genus of psorosperms]. A 
 disease produced by sporozoa of the order 
 SarcosporidecB. 
 
 Sarcostosis isar-kos-to'-sis). See Osteosarcoma. 
 
 Sarcostyle {sar'-ko-stil) [sarco-; oxuXoc, a 
 pillar]. One of the fine longitudinal fibrils 
 of which a striated muscle-fiber is composed 
 and into which it can be split up. 
 
 Sarcotripsy (sar'-ko-trip-se). See Ecrasement. 
 
 Sarcous {sar'-kus) [oapk, flesh]. Pertaining to 
 muscle. S. Element, one of the dark prisms 
 of the ultimate fibrils of striped muscle- 
 fibers. 
 
SARDONIC GRIN 
 
 855 
 
 SAVIOTTI'S CANALS 
 
 Sardonic Grin (sar-don' -ik) . See Risus sar- 
 donicus. 
 
 Sarsaparilla (sar-sap-ar-il'-ah) [Sp.]. The S mi- 
 lax officinalis and other species of Smilax, of 
 the order Liliacece. The dried root (sarsa- 
 parilla, U. S. P.; sarsce radix, B. P.) contains 
 a crystalline glucosid, parillin, C4oH 70 ls . 
 Sarsaparilla has been employed as an altera- 
 tive in syphilis, rheumatism, and scrofulous 
 affections. S., Decoction of (decoctum sar- 
 scb, B. P.). Dose 4-6 oz. (128-192 Cc). 
 S., Decoction of, Compound (decoctum 
 sarsce compositum, B. P.). Dose 4—6 oz. 
 (128-192 Cc). S., Fluidextract of (fluid- 
 extract um sarsaparilla, U. S. P.). Dose 
 30-60 min. (2-4 Cc). S., Fluidextract, 
 Compound (fluidextr actum sarsaparillce com- 
 positum, U. S. P.). Dose 30-60 min. (2-4 
 Cc). S., Liquid Extract of (extractum 
 sarsce liquidum, B. P.). Dose 2-4 dr. 
 (8-16 Cc). S., Syrup of. Compound 
 (syrupus sarsaparillce compositus, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
 
 Sarsasaponin (sar-sah-sap'-on-in), 1 2(0221^36- 
 O 10 ) + 2H 2 0. A glucosid found by Robert 
 (1892) in sarsaparilla. It is the most poison- 
 ous of its constituents. 
 
 Sartian Disease (sar'-shun). An endemic 
 affection of the tropics, characterized by red 
 indurated spots that finally ulcerate. 
 
 Sartorius (sar-to' -re-us) [sartor, tailor]. The 
 tailor's muscle, so called from being concerned 
 in crossing the one leg over the other. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Sassafras (sas'-a-fras) [Sp., from saxifraga, 
 from saxum, rock; frangere, to break]. The 
 S. variijolium, a tree of the order Laurinece. 
 The root-bark (sassafras, U. S. P.; sassafras 
 radix, B. P.) is employed as an aromatic 
 stimulant. The pith (sassafras medulla, U. 
 S. P.) yields a mucilage (mucilago sassafras 
 medullce, U. S. P.) that is used as an applica- 
 tion to inflamed eyes, and as a demulcent 
 drink in inflammation of the mucous mem- 
 branes and kidneys. S. Nuts, pichurim 
 beans; the seeds of Nectandra pichury -major 
 and N. pichury -minor. 
 
 Sassafrid (sas'-ah-frid). A peculiar principle 
 of Sassafras officinale, isolated by Reinach. 
 
 Sassafrol (sas f -af-rol) . See Safrol. 
 
 Sassolin [It.]. Boric acid extracted from the 
 deposits in lagoons of Tuscany. 
 
 Satamuli. The native name in India for 
 Asparagus racemosus. It is used as a diuretic 
 and as a sedative in nervous pain. 
 
 Satellitism (sat'-el-lt-izm). Mutualism; sym- 
 biosis. 
 
 Sathe, Sathon (sa'-the, sa'-thon) [oadrf]. The 
 penis. 
 
 Sattler's Vascular Layer. The layer of blood- 
 vessels of the choroid lying internally to 
 Haller's tunica vasculosa. 
 
 Saturated (sat' -u-ra-ted) [saturare, to fill]. 
 
 1. Of a liquid, containing in solution 
 all of a substance that it can dissolve. 
 
 2. Of a chemic compound, having all the 
 affinities of its component atoms satisfied, 
 
 a term especially applied to tne hydro- 
 carbons. 
 
 Saturation (sat-u-ra' -shun) [saturare, to fill]. 
 1. A state in which a liquid holds in solution 
 all of a substance that it can dissolve; the 
 state of being or becoming saturated. 2. 
 Of a chemic compound, a state in which the 
 affinities of all its atoms are satisfied. 
 
 Satureia (sa-tur-e'-ya). A plant of the order 
 Labiatce. S. hortensis resembles thyme and 
 is used as a culinary herb. 
 
 Saturnine (sat' -ur-nln) [Saturnus, a Roman 
 deity; the alchemists' name for lead]. Per- 
 taining to or produced by lead. S. Breath, 
 the peculiar sweet breath characteristic of 
 lead-poisoning. S. Encephalopathy. See 
 Lead Encephalopathy . 
 
 Saturnism (sat' -ur-nizm) . Lead-poisoning; 
 plumbism. 
 
 Satyria (sat-i'-re-ah). A genitourinary tonic 
 said to consist of saw palmetto (Serenoa serru- 
 lata), false bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), 
 muira-puama (Liriosoma ovata), couch-grass 
 (Agropyron repens), and phosphorus, ad- 
 ministered in an aromatic vehicle. Dose 1 
 teaspoonful (5 Cc.) 4 times daily after meals. 
 
 Satyriasis (sat-ir-i'-as-is) [oaxopoc, a satyr]. 
 Excessive venereal desire in the man. Erotic 
 insanity. See Priapism. 
 
 Saunders (sawn'-derz). See Sandalwood. 
 
 Sauriderma (saw-re-der'-mah) [aaopa, lizard; 
 oipp.a, skin]. Ichthyosis. 
 
 Sauriosis (saw-re-o'-sis) [oaupa, lizard]. Ich- 
 thyosis. 
 
 Sausage-poisoning. A state of gastroenteri- 
 tis produced by the ingestion of decomposed 
 sausage. Syn., Allantiasis; Botulism. \ 
 
 Sausarism (saw' -sar-izm) [aaoaapcap.6c]. 1. 
 Paralysis of the tongue. 2. Dryness of the 
 tongue. 
 
 Sauvineau's Ophthalmoplegia. Paralysis of 
 the internal rectus muscle of one side and 
 spasm of the external rectus of the opposite 
 side. This affection is the reverse of Pari- 
 naud's ophthalmoplegia. 
 
 Savill's Disease. An epidemic skin disease 
 characterized by the appearance of a papular 
 rash, followed by a branny desquamation and 
 by marked constitutional symptoms. A fatal 
 result may follow. Syn., Dermatitis exfo- 
 liativa epidemica; Epidemic eczema. 
 
 Savin (sav'-in). A shrub, Juniperus sabina, 
 of the order Coniferce. The tops (sabina, U. S. 
 P.; sabince cacumina, B. P.) contain a volatile 
 oil (oleum sabince, U. S. P.) and possess marked 
 irritant properties. Savin is employed in 
 amenorrhea, chronic rheumatism, gout, and 
 as a local application to warts, ulcers, and 
 parasitic affections of the skin. S., Fluid- 
 extract of (fluidextr actum sabince', U. S. P.). 
 Dose 3-8 min. (0.2-0.5 Cc). S., Oil of 
 {oleum sabince, U. S. P.). Dose 2-5 min. 
 (0.13-0.32 Cc). S., Ointment of (unguen- 
 tum sabince,, B. P.). S., Tincture of (tinctura 
 sabince, B. P.). Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 
 Cc). 
 
 Saviotti's Canals. See Canals, SaviottVs. 
 
SAW 
 
 856 
 
 SCAPHOID 
 
 Saw [AS., saga]. An instrument having 
 a thin blade with sharp teeth on one edge, 
 and used for dividing bones and other hard 
 substances. S., Butcher's, one in which 
 the blade can be fixed at any angle. S., 
 Chain-, one in which the teeth are set in links 
 movable upon each other, the saw being 
 moved by pulling alternately upon one and 
 the other handle. S., Crown-. See Tre- 
 phine. S., Hey's, a serrated disc affixed to a 
 handle, and used for enlarging an opening in 
 a bone. 
 
 Saxoline {saks' -ol-en) . A proprietary soft petro- 
 latum. 
 
 Sayre's Apparatus, S.'s Jacket. A jacket of 
 plaster-of-paris molded to support the spine 
 in diseases of the vertebral column. 
 
 Scab [scabere, to scratch], i. The crust 
 formed by the desiccation of the secretion of 
 an ulcer. 2. Scabies. 
 
 Scabbard {skab'-ard) [ME., scauberd, a sheath]. 
 A veterinary term for the prepuce of the horse. 
 
 Scabies {ska'-be-ez) [scabere, to scratch]. Itch; 
 a disease of the skin caused by an animal 
 parasite, Sarcoptes scabiei, or itch-mite. The 
 insect forms burrows or cuniculi beneath the 
 skin, and causes irritation, with vesicles, 
 papules, or pustules, which are frequently 
 modified by scratching. S. agria, lichen. 
 S., Boeck's, scabies crustosa; Norwegian itch. 
 S. capitis, a disease of the hairy scalp marked 
 by exudation and formation of crusts. Syn., 
 Achores capitis. S. capitis favosa, favus. 
 S. crustosa, an extreme form of general 
 scabies of the body resulting in fish-scale- 
 like desquamation. Syn., Norway itch. Cf. 
 Radesyge. S. fera. See Ecthyma. S. fer- 
 ina, mange. S. humida, S. miliaris, ecze- 
 ma. S. lymphatica, that accompanied by 
 vesicular eruption. Syn., Watery itch. S. 
 papuliformis, S. papulosa, a form marked 
 by papular efflorescence. Syn., Rank itch. 
 S. pecorina, a form affecting sheep. Syn., 
 Sheep-itch. S. purulenta, S. pustulosa, 
 that in which there is formation of large pus- 
 tules resembling those of smallpox, occurring 
 on the wrists of children. Syn., Rocky itch. 
 
 Scabrities {ska-bri' -te-ez) [scaber, rough]. Rough- 
 ness; scabbiness. 
 
 Scala {ska'-lah) [L.]. A staircase or ladder. 
 S. anterior cochleae, S. externa cochleae. 
 See S. vestibuli. S. clausa, S. inferior 
 cochleae, S. interna cochleae. See S. tympani. 
 S. media, the space between the membrane 
 of Reissner and the basilar membrane, con- 
 taining the essential peripheral organs of 
 hearing. S. rhythmica. See Nucleus, 
 Hypoglossal. S. tympani, the canal lying 
 below the osseous lamina and the basilar 
 membrane of the internal ear. S. vestibuli, 
 the canal bounded by the osseous lamina and 
 the membrane of Reissner. See under Ear. 
 
 Scald (skawld) [excaldere, to wash in hot water]. 
 
 1. The burn caused by hot liquids or vapors. 
 
 2. [Icel., skalli, a bare head.] A disease of 
 the skin accompanied by the formation of 
 scabs. 
 
 Scale {skal) [AS., scealu, a husk; a scale]. 1. 
 The dry, semiopaque lamina of horny epi- 
 dermis, shed from the skin in health and' in 
 various diseases. 2. [scala, a ladder.] Any- 
 thing bearing marks placed at regular inter- 
 nals and used as a standard in measuring, as 
 barometric scale. 
 
 Scalene {ska'-len) [onakrivoc, uneven]. Hav- 
 ing unequal sides. S. Muscle. See Scalenus 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Scaling {ska' -ling) [scale]. 1. Desquamating; 
 producing scales. 2. A pharmaceutic method 
 consisting of drying concentrated solutions of 
 drugs on glass plates. S. the Teeth, an old 
 name for the operation, in dentistry, which 
 consists in the removal of salivary calculus, 
 commonly called tartar, from the teeth. 
 
 Scallard {skal' -lard). Porrigo. 
 
 Scalp [ME., scalp, the top of the head]. The 
 hairy integument covering the cranium. 
 
 Scalpel {skal' -pel) [scalp ere, to cut]. A small 
 knife having a convex edge. 
 
 Scalprum {skal'-prum) [scalpere, to scrape]. 
 A toothed raspatory used in trephining and 
 in removing carious bone. 
 
 Scaly {ska'-le) [scale]. 1. Resembling scales; 
 characterized by scales, as scaly desquamation. 
 2. Covered with or having scales. S.-skin, 
 a contagious disease common in the Louisiade, 
 Marshall, and Gilbert groups of South Sea 
 Islands. It is an eruption of small, dry, horny 
 scales, giving the sufferers a repulsive ap- 
 pearance. It is probably mycetogenic in 
 origin. 
 
 Scamma {skam'-ah) [aKafifxa, a trench]. Same 
 as Fossa. 
 
 Scammonium {skam-o' -ne-um) . See Scam- 
 mony. 
 
 Scammony {skam'-o-ne) [oKa^i/najvia, scam- 
 mony]. The dried juice of the root of Con- 
 volvulus scammonium. It is a drastic cathar- 
 tic, and is generally given in combination with 
 other drugs. S., Resin of {resina scam- 
 monii, U. S. P.). Dose as an active purge 
 for adults 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Scanning, S. Speech [scandere, to climb]. 
 A peculiar slow and measured form of 
 speech, occurring in various nervous affec- 
 tions, especially in multiple sclerosis. 
 
 Scapha {ska'-Jah) [okcl^tj, trough]. 1. A trough. 
 2. The scaphoid fossa. 
 
 Scaphocephaly, Scaphocephalous {skaf-o- 
 sef-al'-ik, skaf-o-sef'-al-us) [see Scaphocephaly]. 
 Having a boat-shaped head, from early 
 ossification of the sagittal suture, which pro- 
 jects like the keel of a boat. 
 
 Scaphocephaly {skaf-o-sef'-al-e) [oi<a(f)f), boat; 
 K£(j)akrj, head]. The condition of having a 
 skull characterized by a projecting, keel-like 
 sagittal suture, due to its premature ossifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Scaphohydrocephaly {skaf-o-hi-dro-sef -al-e) 
 [oKacfrr], boat; hydrocephalus]. Scaphocephaly 
 due to hydrocephalus. 
 
 Scaphoid {skaf'-oid) [om^t), boat; eldoc, like]. 
 Boat-shaped. S. Abdomen, the sunken 
 abdomen seen in meningitis and in great 
 
SCAPHOIDOASTRAGALAN 
 
 857 
 
 SCATOPHAGOUS 
 
 emacipation. S. Bone, a name given to a boat- 
 shaped bone of the tarsus and of the carpus. 
 S. Fossa. See Fossa, Scaphoid. 
 
 Scaphoidoastragalan (skaf-oid-o-as-trag'-al- 
 an). Relating to the scaphoid bone and the 
 astragalus. 
 
 Scaphoidocuboid (skaf-oid-o-ku'-boid). Re- 
 lating to the scaphoid and cuboid bones. 
 
 Scapula (skap'-u-lah) [L.]. The shoulder- 
 blade, the large, flat, triangular bone forming 
 the back of the shoulder. Scapulae alatae, of 
 Galen and Aristotle, a wing-like appearance 
 of the shoulder-blade in thin persons of weak 
 musculature, especially in paralysis of the 
 serratus magnus. 
 
 Scapular (skap'-u-lar) [scapula]. Pertaining to 
 the shoulder-blade. S. Line, a vertical line 
 drawn on the back through the inferior angle 
 of the scapula. S. Point, a tender point 
 developed in neuralgia of the brachial plexus 
 and situated at the inferior angle of the 
 scapula. S. Reflex. See under Reflex. S. Re- 
 gion, the region of the back corresponding 
 to the position of the scapula, the spine of 
 which divides it into a supraspinous and an 
 infraspinous region. 
 
 Scapulary (skap'-u-la-re). A bifurcated band- 
 age, the two ends of which pass over the 
 shoulders, while the single end passes down 
 the back, all three being fastened to a body- 
 bandage. 
 
 Scapulectomy (skap-u-lek'-to-me) [scapula; s/c- 
 ro[iT), excision]. Surgical removal of the 
 scapula. 
 
 Scapuloclavicular (skap-u-lo-kla-vik'-u-lar) 
 [scapula; clavicle]. Pertaining to the scapula 
 and the clavicle. 
 , Scapulohumeral (skap-u-lo-hu'-mer-al) [scap- 
 ula; humerus]. Pertaining to the scapula and 
 the humerus. 
 
 Scar (skar). See Cicatrix. 
 
 Scarfskin, Scurfskin (skarf'-skin, sherf'-skin) 
 [AS., scearfe, a fragment; skin]. The epider- 
 mis or cuticle. 
 
 Scarification (skar-if-ik-a'-shun) [scarify]. 
 The operation of making numerous small, 
 superficial incisions. 
 
 Scarificator (skar'-if-ik-a-tor) [scarify]. An 
 instrument used in scarification, consisting of 
 a number of small lancets operated by a 
 spring. 
 
 Scarify (skar'-if-i) [scariflcare, to scarify]. 
 To make a number of small, superficial inci- 
 sions. 
 ; Scarlatina (skar'-lat-e-nah) [scarlatinus, scarlet]. 
 Scarlet fever. An acute, contagious, febrile 
 disease, having a period of incubation varying 
 from several hours to a week, setting in with 
 vomiting or a chill, which is followed by high 
 fever, rapid pulse, sore throat, and the appear- 
 ance, at the end of the first or the second day of 
 the disease, of a punctiform, scarlet-red erup- 
 tion. The tongue, at first heavily coated and red 
 at the tip and edges, soon shows prominence 
 of the papillas, which are red and swollen 
 (strawberry tongue). The eruption, at the 
 appearance of which all the symptoms become 
 
 intensified, gradually fades after five or six 
 days, and is followed by a scaly desquamation. 
 A peculiarity of scarlatina is the tendency it 
 has to involve the kidneys. S. anginosa, 
 scarlatina with marked inflammation of the 
 throat. S. maligna, S., Malignant, a form 
 characterized by an abrupt onset, high fever, 
 convulsions, coma, and death, usually before 
 the appearance of the eruption. S. , Puerperal, 
 Littre's name for a rash resembling 
 scarlatina sometimes followed by vesication 
 and pustulation of the affected parts, but 
 without fever; observed in puerperants. 
 Syn., Erythema diffusum (Braun); Porphyra 
 (Retzius). 
 
 Scarlatinal, Scarlatinoid, Scarlatinous (skar- 
 lat-i'-nal, skar-lat'-in-oid, skar-lat'-in-us) [scar- 
 latina], i. Pertaining to or caused by scar- 
 latina. 2. A disease simulating scarlatina. 
 S. Nephritis, the acute catarrhal nephritis 
 arising in the course of or during the conva- 
 lescence from scarlatina. 
 
 Scarlatinosis (skar-lat-in-o' -sis) . The toxic 
 state due to the specific toxin of scarlatina. 
 
 Scarlet Fever. See Scarlatina. 
 
 Scarpa's Fascia [Scarpa, an Italian anatomist]. 
 The deep layer of the superficial abdominal 
 fascia. S.'s Foramens, the nasopalatine fora- 
 mens. See Foramens of Scarpa. S.'s Ganglion. 
 See under Ganglion. S.'s Habenula. See 
 Holler's Habenula. S.'s Hiatus, i. See 
 Breschet's Helicotrema. 2. See Foramen of 
 Winslow. S.'s Liquor, the endolymph of 
 the labyrinth. S.'s Membrane, the mem- 
 brane which closes the fenestra rotunda of 
 the tympanic cavity. S.'s Nerve, the naso- 
 palatine nerve. S.'s Staphyloma, posterior, 
 staphyloma; staphyloma of the posterior 
 segment of the sclera. S.'s Triangle, a 
 triangular space having for its base Poupart's 
 ligament, and for its apex the point of inter- 
 section of the sartorius and adductor longus 
 muscles. 
 
 Scat (skat). A hermaphrodite. 
 
 Scatemia, Scataemia (skat-e'-me-ah) [oKazbg, 
 dung; al(ia, blood]. Autointoxication from 
 retained fecal matter. 
 
 Scatiatria (skat-i-af -re-ah) [cnardf, dung; cax- 
 pe'ca, a healing]. Medical treatment directed 
 to the condition of the feces. 
 
 Scatocolica (skat-o-kol'-ik-ah) [oKarbc, dung; 
 ko)Xckoc, having the colic]. Stercoraceous 
 colic. 
 
 Scatocyanin (skat-o-si'-an-in) [oKarbc, dung; 
 Koavoc', dark-blue]. A derivative of chloro- 
 phyll, resembling but not identical with 
 phyllocyanin, discovered by E. Schunck (1901). 
 It crystallizes in rhombic plates, pale brown 
 by transmitted light, purplish-blue with 
 brilliant metallic luster by reflected light, 
 decomposed by heat, insoluble in ether, 
 alcohol, or benzol; soluble in chloroform. 
 
 Scatodiarrhea (skat-o-di-ar-e'-ah). Stercorace- 
 ous diarrhea. 
 
 Scatophagous (skat-of'-ag-us) [a/caror, dung; 
 <f>aye~cv, to* eat]. Coprophagous; excrement- 
 eating. 
 
SCATOSIN 
 
 858 
 
 SCHISTO- 
 
 Scatosin (skat'-o-sin) [onaxbc, dung], C 10 H 16 N 2 - 
 2 - A base isolated by F. Baum, 1893, from 
 the products of pancreatic autodigestion ; it 
 is probably related to skatol. 
 
 Scatt (skat). See Anthrax. 
 
 Scatula (skat' -u-lah) [L.]. An oblong, flat box 
 for powders or pills. 
 
 Scatulation (skat-u-la' -shun) [ML., scatula, a 
 box]. The state or condition of incasement. 
 
 Scavenger (skav'-en-jer) [AS., scedwian, to 
 show]. One who cleans; a remover of waste 
 and filth. S. -cells, wandering cells that take 
 up debris; they are common in the nervous 
 system. 
 
 Scelotyrbe (sel-o-ter'-he) [okUoc; leg; rup/3r), 
 vacillation]. Weakness or indecision in step- 
 ping, often due to a palsied condition. S. 
 agitans, S. festinans (Sauvages), paralysis 
 agitans. S. fibrilis. See Subsultus tendi- 
 num. S. pituitosa. See Enteritis, Pseu- 
 domembranous. S. spastica, chronic spasms 
 affecting the lower limbs and causing lame- 
 ness. S. tarantismus, chorea. 
 
 Schacher's Ganglion. The ophthalmic gan- 
 glion. 
 
 Schachowa's Spiral Tube. The section of a 
 uriniferous tubule that lies between a con- 
 voluted and a looped tubule. 
 
 Schaefer's Dumb-bells. The dumb-bell 
 shaped elements regarded by Schaefer as 
 constituting the primitive fibrils of striped 
 muscular tissue. S.'s Reflex, pinching of 
 the achilles tendon at its middle or upper 
 third causes slight flexion of the foot and toes 
 in cases of organic hemiplegia. The signifi- 
 cance of this reflex is the same as that of 
 Babinski's toe phenomenon. 
 
 Schede's Method. A method of treating 
 caries of bone. The diseased tissue is scraped 
 away and the cavity allowed to fill with a 
 blood-clot. The latter is kept moist and 
 aseptic by a covering of gauze and protective. 
 
 Scheiner's Experiment. An experiment il- 
 lustrating refraction and accommodation of 
 the eye. The person looks through two pin- 
 holes made in a card and placed at a less dis- 
 tance than the diameter of the pupil. If the 
 eye is emmetropic, or if accurately focused, 
 the two sets of rays, passing through the pin- 
 holes, unite and form a single image. In a 
 myopic or a hyperopic eye the object appears 
 double. 
 
 Schema (ske'-mah) [aj^/m, form]. 1. A simple 
 design to illustrate a complex mechanism. 
 2. An outline of a subject. 
 
 Schematic (ske-maf -ik) [schema]. Pertaining 
 to or of the nature of a schema. S. Eye, 
 one showing the proportions of a normal or 
 typical eye. 
 
 Schemograph (ske'-mo-graf) [schema; ypafecv, 
 to write]. An apparatus for tracing the out- 
 line of the field of vision; the measurement of 
 the field is made with the perimeter. 
 
 Schenck Method. The determination of sex 
 of infants by regulation of the mother's diet 
 before and during pregnancy; that it is pos- 
 sible to govern the process of gestation so as to 
 
 determine the sex of human offspring: " When 
 no sugar is secreted, not even the smallest 
 quantity, then the ovum will be developed 
 which is qualified to become a male child." 
 
 Scherer's Test for Inosit. Evaporate the sub- 
 stance to dryness on a platinum foil with 
 nitric acid, add ammonia and one drop of 
 calcium chlorid solution, and carefully re- 
 evaporate to dryness. In the presence of 
 inosit a rose-red residue is obtained. S.'s 
 Test for Leucin, carefully evaporate the 
 leucin to dryness on platinum foil with nitric 
 acid. Add a few drops of sodium hydroxid 
 and warm, and the colorless residue changes 
 to a color varying from pale yellow to brown, 
 according to the purity of the leucin; and 
 further evaporation agglomerates it into an 
 oily drop, which rolls about on the foil. S.'s 
 Test for Tyrosin, carefully evaporate the 
 substance to dryness on platinum foil with 
 nitric acid. A yellow residue is formed (nitro- 
 tyrosin), which becomes a deep reddish-yellow 
 color on the application of caustic soda. 
 
 Scherlievo (skar-le-a'-vo) [Ital.]. A form of 
 ulcerative syphilis prevalent in the Austrian 
 seaports during the last century. 
 
 Scheurlen's Bacillus (shoir'-lenz). A bacillus 
 at one time thought to be the cause of carci- 
 noma. 
 
 Schiefferdecker's Intermediate Disc. See 
 under Disc. 
 
 Schiff's Reaction for Choiesterin. Evap- 
 orate the substance over a small flame in a 
 porcelain dish with a few drops of a mixture 
 consisting of 1 part of a medium solution of 
 ferric chlorid and 2 or 3 parts of concentrated 
 hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In the pres- 
 ence of choiesterin a reddish-violet residue is 
 first obtained and then a bluish- violet. S.'s 
 Test for Carbohydrates in Urine, dip 
 strips of paper in a mixture of equal parts 
 of glacial acetic acid and xylidin, with a very 
 little alcohol, and dry. Warm the urine 
 with sulfuric acid, and expose the paper to 
 the fumes. In the presence of carbohy- 
 drates the paper will be stained red. S.'s 
 Test for Urea, add to the urea a drop of 
 a concentrated watery solution of furfurol, 
 and next a drop of hydrochloric acid of spe- 
 cific gravity 1.10. A play of color is pro- 
 duced, changing from yellow, green, and 
 blue to purple. The same reaction is given 
 by allantoin, but it is less intense. S.'s Test 
 for Uric Acid, allow the substance to dis- 
 solve in sodium carbonate, and on the addi- 
 tion of a solution of silver nitrate a reduction 
 of black silver oxid is obtained. If a piece 
 of filter-paper previously treated with silver 
 nitrate solution is treated with a drop of the 
 solution of the substance in sodium carbonate, 
 a reduction of black silver oxid will also be 
 formed on the paper. 
 
 Schindylesis (skin-dil-e'-sis) [oxtvouXrjOcc, a 
 cleavage]. A form of articulation in which a 
 plate of one bone is received into a fissure of 
 another bone. 
 
 Schisto-, Schiz-, Schizto- (skis-to-, skiz-, skiz- 
 
SCH1STOCEPHALUS 
 
 859 
 
 SCHOTT'S METHOD 
 
 to-) [o'/coroc, cleft]. Prefixes meaning split or 
 
 fissured. 
 Schistocephalus (skis-to-sef -al-us) [schisto-; 
 
 ice(j>a).r], head]. i. Having a fissured skull. 
 
 2. A monster with a fissured skull. 
 Schistocyte (skis' -to-sit) [schisto-; kutoc, a 
 
 cell], i. A blood-corpuscle in process of 
 
 segmentation. 2. Ehrlich's name for a poi- 
 
 kilocyte. 
 Schistocytosis (skis-to-si-to' -sis) [schistocyte]. 
 
 1. An aggregation of schistocytes in the blood. 
 
 2. The splitting process of blood-corpuscles. 
 Schistoglossia (skis -to- glos' -e- ah) [schisto-; 
 
 yXcoaaa, tongue]. Cleft tongue. 
 
 Schistometer (skis-tom' '-et-er) [schisto-; p.hpov, a 
 measure]. A device for measuring the dis- 
 tance between the vocal cords. 
 
 Schistoprosopia (skis-to-pro-so' '-pe-ah) [schisto-; 
 TipcbooTtov, face]. Congenital fissure of the 
 face. 
 
 Schistoprosopus (skis-to-pros-o'-pus) [see Schis- 
 toprosopia]. 1. Having a cleft or fissured 
 face. 2. A monster having a fissure of the face. 
 
 Schistorachis (skis-tor' -a-kis) [schisto-; paxcc, 
 spine]. Spina bifida. 
 
 Schistosoma japonicum (skis-to-so'-mah jap- 
 on' -ik-um). An Asiatic blood-fluke the cause 
 of a disease endemic in certain parts of China 
 and Japan; there are enlargement of the 
 liver and spleen, increased appetite, diarrhea, 
 and frequently mucous, bloody stools. Syn., 
 Schistosoma cattoi. 
 
 Schistosomus (skis-to-so'-mus) [schisto-; oujjia, 
 a body]. A variety of monster in which there 
 is a lateral or median eventration extending 
 the whole length of the abdomen, the lower 
 extremities being absent or rudimentary. 
 
 Schistothorax (skis-to-tho'-raks) [schisto-; tho- 
 rax]. Fissure of the thorax. 
 
 Schizaxon (skiz-aks'-on) [schiz-; axis]. An 
 axon which divides in its course into equal or 
 nearly equal branches. 
 
 Schizogenesis (skiz-o-jen'-es-is) [schizo-; ykve- 
 occ, production]. Reproduction by fission. 
 
 Schizogonic (skiz-o-gon'-ik). Relating to schiz- 
 ogony. 
 
 Schizogony (skiz-og'-o-ne) [schizo-; fovea, gen- 
 eration]. 1. Same as Schizogenesis. 2. A 
 form of multiple division in which the con- 
 tents of the oocyst eventually split up into 
 swarm spores. Cf. Sporogony. 
 
 Schizomycetes (skiz-o-mi-se' -tez) [schizo-; (iukt)C, 
 a fungus]. The cleft fungi or bacteria, so 
 called because multiplying by fission. 
 
 Schizont (skiz'-ont) [oxK tcv i to divide]. Schau- 
 dinn's term for the mother-cell in coccidia 
 which, by multiple division, gives rise to 
 the crescentic swarm spores called merozoites. 
 Syn., Oudeterospore (E. R. Lankester, 1900); 
 Sporocyte (Ron, 1899). Cf. Sporont. 
 
 Schlange's Sign. In cases of intestinal ob- 
 struction the intestine is dilated above the 
 seat of obstruction and peristaltic movements 
 are absent below that point. 
 
 Schleich Infiltration Anesthesia. A local 
 anesthesia produced by the hypodermatic 
 injection of cocain, combined with a weak 
 
 salt solution ; by the addition of a little morphin 
 the anesthetic action is prolonged. S. Method 
 of Producing General Anesthesia, the ad- 
 ministration of small doses of chloroform, 
 petroleum ether, and sulfuric ether. S.'s Solu- 
 tion, 1 § gr. of cocain "hydrochlorid, J gr. of 
 morphin hydrochlorid, 3 gr. common salt, 
 dissolved in 3 oz. and 3 dr. of sterilized water. 
 
 Schlemm's Canal. See Canal, Schlemm's. S.'s 
 Ligament, one of two ligaments connected 
 with the shoulder-joints; the glenoideobrachial 
 ligament. 
 
 Schlesinger's Type of Syringomyelia. The 
 dorsolumbar type. 
 
 Schmidt's Blood-coagulation Theory. Para- 
 globulin under the influence of fibrin-fer- 
 ment enters into combination with fibrinogen, 
 the result being fibrin. S.'s Incisions. See 
 Lantermann's Incisions. S.'s (Ad.) Method 
 for Demonstrating Disturbances in the 
 Functions of the Intestine, it is formed upon 
 the amount of the fermentation of the feces. 
 The patient is given daily 1560 Gm. milk, 4 
 eggs, 3 pieces (100 Gm.) of zwieback, a plate 
 of oatmeal-soup (40 Gm.), with 10 Gm. of 
 sugar, a plate of flour soup made with 25 Gm. 
 of wheat flour and 10 Gm. of sugar, and a cup 
 of bouillon; 120 Gm. of potatoes are also 
 given. A small amount (0.3 Gm.) of carmin 
 is given to color and designate the first stool 
 to be examined. A small portion of the stool 
 is dried to constant weight and weighed. It 
 is then mixed with water and placed in a fer- 
 mentation-tube and kept at 37 C. Fer- 
 mentation with the evolution of gases sets in 
 and is divided into an early and a late fer- 
 mentation. Early fermentation occurs dur- 
 ing the first 24 or 48 hours. Later fermen- 
 tation begins slowly on the second or third 
 day. In the early fermentation it is the starch 
 that is acted upon, while in the late it is the 
 albuminous cellulose materials. Early fer- 
 mentation can be considered as present only 
 when in the first 24 hours an evident amount 
 of gas is formed. Normally after the diet de- 
 scribed there should be no such fermentation. 
 Its occurrence indicates faulty starch digestion 
 and an abnormal condition of the bowels, 
 especially of the small intestine. 
 
 Schmiedei's Ganglion. The inferior carotid 
 ganglion. 
 
 Scnneiderian Membrane (shni-de'-re-an) [C. 
 V. Schneider, a German anatomist]. The 
 nasal mucous membrane. 
 
 Schoen's Theory of Accommodation. See 
 under Accommodation. 
 
 Schoenbein's Reaction for Copper. On the 
 addition of potassium cyanid and tincture 
 of guaiac to a solution of a copper salt a blue 
 coloration is produced. 
 
 Schoenlein's Disease. Peliosis rheumatica. 
 S.'s Triad, purpuric exanthem, rheumatic 
 phenomena, and gastrointestinal disorders in 
 peliosis rheumatica. 
 
 Schott's Method. 1. A method of treating 
 heart disease by resisted exercise and special 
 forms Of baths. 2. A system of gymnastic 
 
SCHREGER'S LINES 
 
 860 
 
 SCLERA 
 
 movements, accompanied by baths contain- 
 ing Nauheim salts, for the treatment of heart 
 disease, anemia, and chronic rheumatism. 
 
 Schreger's Lines. Curved lines in the enamel 
 of the teeth, parallel to the surface; they are 
 due to the optic effect produced by the simul- 
 taneous curvature of the dentinal fibers. 
 
 Schreiber's Maneuver. Friction of the skin of 
 the thigh and leg to reinforce the patellar and 
 achilles tendon-reflexes. 
 
 Schreiner's Base (shri'-ner). See Spermin. 
 
 Schroeder's Contraction Ring. See Bandl's 
 Ring. S.'s Test for Urea, add to the urea 
 crystal a solution of bromin in chloroform. 
 The urea will decompose, with the formation 
 of gas. 
 
 Schuele's Sign. Vertical folds between the 
 eyebrows, forming the Greek letter omega 
 (omega melancholicum), frequently seen in 
 subjects of melancholia. 
 
 Schueller's Ducts. The ducts of Skene's glands. 
 
 Schultze's Cells. The olfactory cells. S.'s 
 Comma-shaped Tract, a small tract of de- 
 scending fibers in the posteroexternal column 
 of the spinal cord near the gray commissure. 
 S.'s Fold, a fold formed by the amnion near 
 the insertion of the umbilical cord when the 
 cephalic end of the fetus encroaches upon the 
 latter. S.'s Granules, finely granular masses 
 in the blood formed by the breaking-up of the 
 blood-plaques. S.'s Position of the Pla- 
 centa, the position assumed by the placenta 
 when its central portion bulges downward 
 and is expelled in advance of the periphery. 
 S.'s Reagent for Cellulose, iodin dissolved 
 to saturation in a zinc chlorid solution of spe- 
 cific gravity 1.8, and the addition of 6 parts 
 of potassium iodid. This reagent turns 
 cellulose blue. S.'s Test for Cholesterin, 
 evaporate to dryness with nitric acid, using a 
 porcelain dish on the water-bath. In the 
 presence of cholesterin a yellow residue is 
 obtained, which changes to yellowish-red on 
 the addition of ammonia. S.'s Test for Pro- 
 teids, to a solution of the proteid add a few 
 drops of a dilute cane-sugar solution and then 
 concentrated sulfuric acid. On warming 
 and keeping the temperature at 6o° C. a 
 bluish-red color is produced. 
 
 Schultze-Chvostek's Sign. See Chvostek's 
 Symptom. 
 
 Schwabach's Test. The duration of the per- 
 ception of a vibrating tuning-fork placed upon 
 the cranium is prolonged beyond the normal 
 in cases of middle-ear disease, but shortened 
 when the deafness is due to a central cause. 
 
 Schwalbe's Convolution. The first occipi- 
 tal convolution. S.'s Fissure, one between 
 the lower portion of the temporosphenoid and 
 the occipital lobes. S.'s Sheath, the deli- 
 cate sheath which covers elastic fibers. S.'s 
 Space, the subvaginal space of the optic nerve. 
 
 Schwann, Primitive Bundle of. A muscular 
 fiber. S., Sheath of, the neurilemma of a 
 nerve-fiber. S., White Substance of, the 
 myelin of a medullated nerve-fiber. 
 
 Schwarz's Reaction for Sulfonal. Upon 
 
 heating sulfonal with charcoal the odor of 
 mercaptan is evolved. 
 
 Schweinerothlauf (shwi-na-rot'-lowf) [Ger.]. 
 Hog-erysipelas, an infectious disease of hogs 
 characterized by fever and an eruption of 
 reddish or brownish spots, and due to a 
 special bacillus. See Bacillus ersipelatos suis 
 under Bacteria. Syn., Rouget du pore. 
 
 Schweinfurth Green (shwin-foori). Synonym 
 of Paris-green. 
 
 Schweitzer's Reagent for Cellulose. Copper 
 sulfate, 10 parts; water, 100 parts. Add 
 potassium hydroxid 5 parts, in water 50 parts. 
 Wash the precipitate and dissolve in 20% 
 ammonia solution. This reagent dissolves 
 cellulose. 
 
 Sciatic (si-at'-ik) [tox'tov, ischium]. 1. Per- 
 taining to the ischium, as the sciatic notch. 
 2. Pertaining to the sciatic nerve, as sciatic 
 neuralgia. 
 
 Sciatica (si-af-ik-ah) [ischiaticus, from is- 
 chium], A disease characterized by neuralgic 
 pain along the course of the sciatic nerve. It 
 usually follows exposure to cold and wet, and 
 is dependent upon inflammation of the nerve. 
 In addition to pain there are numbness and 
 tingling, tenderness along the course of the 
 nerve, and eventually wasting of the muscles, 
 See Felt Treatment of Sciatica. 
 
 Scilla (sil'-ah). See Squill. 
 
 Scillipicrin (sil-ip-ik' -rin) [scilla; TztKpbc, bit- 
 ter]. A yellowish-white, amorphous, hygro- 
 scopic powder obtained from squill. It is 
 used as a diuretic in doses of 8-45 gr. (0.5-3.0 
 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Scillism (sil'-izm) [scilla]. Poisoning from ex- 
 tracts or tinctures of squill due to the con- 
 tained glucosid, scilli toxin. It is marked by 
 vomiting, retarded pulse, and stupor. 
 
 Scillitic (sil-it'-ik). Pertaining to or containing 
 squill. 
 
 Scillitoxin (sil-it-oks '-in) [scilla; to^ckov, poi- 
 son]. An amorphous, light-brown, bitter, 
 active principle of squill. It is soluble in 
 alcohol, insoluble in ether and water, and a 
 cardiac poison somewhat resembling digitalis. 
 It is used as a diuretic in doses of 4u~ru g r - 
 (0.001-0.002 Gm.) several times daily; maxi- 
 mum daily dose f gr. (0.05 Gm.). 
 
 Scirrhoid (skir'-oid) [scirrhus; etdoc, like]. 
 Resembling a scirrhus. 
 
 Scirrhoma (skir-o'-mah). See Scirrhus. 
 
 Scirrhosarca (skir-o-sar'-kah) [scirrhus; oa.p£, 
 flesh]. Hardening of the flesh, especially of 
 new-born infants; sclerema neonatorum. 
 
 Scirrhous {skir'-us) [scirrhus]. Hard. 
 
 Scirrhus (skir r -us) [oncppoc, hard]. A hard 
 carcinoma. 
 
 Scissile (sis'-T) [scindere, to divide]. Capable of 
 being divided. 
 
 Scissors (siz'-orz) [scindere, to cut]. An in- 
 strument consisting of two blades held to- 
 gether by a rivet, and crossing each other so 
 that in closing they cut the object placed 
 between them. 
 
 Scissura (siz-u'-rah) [scindere, to cut]. A fissure. 
 
 Sclera (skle'-rah) [oKAypoc, hard]. The sclerotic 
 
SCLERACNE 
 
 861 
 
 SCLEROSIS 
 
 coat of the eye; the firm, fibrous, outer mem- 
 brane of the eyeball, continuous with the 
 sheath of the optic nerve behind and with the 
 cornea in front. 
 
 Scleracne (skle-rak'-ne) [onX-qpoc, hard; acne]. 
 Acne indurata. 
 
 Scleral (skle'-ral) [sclera]. Pertaining to the 
 sclera. 
 
 Sclerangia (skle-ran'-je-ah) [sclera; dyyuov, a 
 vessel], i. A sense of hardness yielded by a 
 vessel. 2. See An gio sclero sis. 
 
 Scleratitis (skle-rat-i'-tis). Same as Scleritis. 
 
 Sclerectasia (skle-rek-ta'-ze-ah) [sclera; 'iKzaocc, 
 extension]. Localized bulging of the sclera. 
 
 Sclerectomy (skle-rek'-to-me) [sclera; Ikxo[xt}, 
 excision]. Excision of a portion of the sclera. 
 
 Scleredema (skle-re-de'-mah). See Sclerema 
 cedematosum. 
 
 Sclerema (skle-re'-mah) [sclera]. A hardening. 
 S. adiposum, a grave form of sclerema neona- 
 torum marked by extreme hardness of the 
 skin, atrophy, and adherence to the sub- 
 cutaneous tissues. S. adultorum. See 
 Morphea. S. cutis, scleroderma. S. neona- 
 torum, a disease of the newborn char- 
 acterized by a hardening of the subcu- 
 taneous tissue, especially of the legs and feet, 
 and probably dependent on a coagulation of 
 the fat. S. cedematosum, a generally fatal 
 form of sclerema neonatorum marked b> 
 edema of the skin with induration, impair- 
 ment of muscular action, and subnormal 
 temperature. Syn., Compact edema of in- 
 fants. S., Partial, Schwimmer's name for 
 scleroderma occurring in limited areas. Syn., 
 Sclereme en plaques. S. universale, Schwim- 
 mer's name for scleroderma affecting at once 
 the whole surface of the body, or from single 
 areas of sclerosis of the skin gradually diffus- 
 ing itself over the entire body. Syn., Car- 
 cinus eburneus (Alibert) ; Cutis tensa chronica 
 (Fuchs); Elephantiasis sclerosa (Rasmussen); 
 Sclerosis corii (Wilson). 
 
 Scleremia, Scleremus (skle-re'-me-ah, -mus). 
 Same as Sclerema. 
 
 Scleriasis (skle-ri' -as-is) [sclera]. Scleroderma. 
 
 Scleritis (skle-ri' -tis) [sclera; cue, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the sclerotic coat of 
 the eye. It may exist alone* (simple scleritis 
 or episcleritis) or may be combined with 
 inflammation of the cornea, iris, or choroid. 
 
 Sclero- (skle-ro-) [onX-qpoc, hard], i. A prefix 
 meaning hard. 2. A prefix denoting con- 
 nection with the sclera. 
 
 Sclerochoroiditis (skle-ro-ko-roid-i'-tis) [sclero-; 
 choroiditis]. Inflammation of the choroid 
 and the sclerotic coat of the eye. 
 
 Scleroconjunctivitis (skle-ro-kon-junk-ti-vi'- 
 tis). Simultaneous conjunctivitis and scleritis. 
 
 Sclerocornea (skle-ro-kor'-ne-ah). The sclera 
 and cornea regarded as one. 
 
 Sclerocorneal (skle-ro-kor' -ne-al) [sclero-; cor- 
 nea]. Pertaining conjointly to the sclerotic 
 coat and the cornea of the eye. 
 
 Sclerocyclotomy (skle-ro-si-klot'-o-me) [sclero-; 
 kukXoc, a circle; roprj, a cutting]. Hancock's 
 operation of division of the ciliary muscle, 
 
 Sclerodactylia, Sclerodactyly (skle-ro-dak-tiV- 
 e-ah, skle-ro-dak' -til-e) [sclero-; danxuXoc', 
 finger]. A disease of the fingers (or toes) 
 allied to scleroderma. It is usually sym- 
 metric, occurs chiefly in women, and leads 
 to marked deformity. 
 
 Scleroderma (skle-ro-der' '-mah) . [sclero-; dipp.a, 
 skin]. A disease characterized by a progres- 
 sive induration of the skin, occurring either 
 in circumscribed patches (see Morphea) or 
 diffusely. The skin becomes hard, pig- 
 mented, and firmly attached to the under- 
 lying tissues; destructive changes may also 
 occur, and joints may become immobile from 
 adhesions of the skin. The cause of sclero- 
 derma is not known. S. neonatorum, 
 See Sclerema neonatorum. S. cedematosa. 
 See Sclerema cedematosum. 
 
 Sclerogenous (skle-ro j'-en-us) [sclero-; yevvau, to 
 beget]. Producing a hard substance. 
 
 Sclerogeny (skle-ro j' -en-e) [see Sclerogenous]. 
 The formation of sclerous tissue. 
 
 Sclerokeratoiritis (skle -ro-ker-at-o- i-ri'- tis) . 
 Combined inflammation of the sclera, cornea, 
 and iris. 
 
 Scleroma (skle-ro' -mah) [sclero-; bfia, tumor]. 
 Abnormal hardness or induration of a part. 
 S. adultorum. Synonym of Scleroderma. 
 
 Scleromatocystis (skle-rom' ' -at-o-sist-is) [sclero-; 
 Kuo-cc, a bladder]. Induration of a cyst, but es- 
 pecially of the gall-bladder or urinary bladder. 
 
 Sclerometer (skle-rom' -et-er) [sclero-; pkxpov, a 
 measure]. An apparatus for determining the 
 hardness of substances. 
 
 Scleromucin (skle-ro-mu'-sin) [sclero-; mucus]. 
 A gummy substance obtained from ergot, and 
 considered one of its active principles. 
 
 Scleronyxis (skle-ron-ik'-sis) [sclero-; vo$cc, a 
 pricking]. Puncture of the sclera. 
 
 Sclerosarcoma (skle-ro-sar-ko'-mah) [sclero-; 
 sarcoma]. A hard, fleshy tumor of the gums. 
 
 Sclerosed (skle'-rozd) [sclerosis]. Affected with 
 sclerosis; hardened. 
 
 Sclerose en plaques (skla-ros' on(g) plahk). 
 Synonym of Sclerosis, Multiple. 
 
 Sclerosis (skle-ro' -sis) [on),r)p6c, hard]. Harden- 
 ing, especially a hardening of a part from an 
 overgrowth of fibrous tissue; applied par- 
 ticularly to hardening of the nervous system 
 from atrophy or degeneration of the nerve- 
 elements and hyperplasia of the interstitial 
 tissue; also to a chronic inflammation of the 
 arteries characterized by thickening of their 
 coats. S., Diffuse, one extending through 
 a large part of the brain and cord. S. t Dis- 
 seminated, a form in which numerous scler- 
 otic patches are scattered through the brain 
 and cord. S., Insular. See S., Multiple. 
 S., Lateral. See Lateral Sclerosis. S. of 
 Middle Ear, v. Troltsch's name for otitis 
 media hypertrophica. S., Multiple, chronic 
 induration occurring in patches in different 
 parts of the nervous system. The principal 
 symptoms are muscular weakness and tremor 
 upon essaying voluntary action. S., Mul- 
 tiple Cerebral, multiple sclerosis affecting 
 only the brain. S., Multiple Cerebro- 
 
SCLEROSKELETON 
 
 862 
 
 SCOPOLAMIN 
 
 See 
 
 See 
 
 spinal, multiple sclerosis affecting both 
 the brain and the spinal cord. S., Neu- 
 ral, sclerosis attended by chronic neuritis. 
 S. tela? cellularis et adiposae, scleroderma. 
 S. testis, sarcocele. S., Tuberous, a form 
 marked by hypertrophy and increased density 
 of the involved areas. S., Ulcerating 
 [Baumler], the primary lesion of syphilis; 
 Hunterian or indurated chancre. S., Vas- 
 cular, sclerosis of the walls of blood-vessels; 
 arteriosclerosis. 
 
 Scleroskeleton (skle-ro-skel' -et-on) [sclero-; skele- 
 ton]. In biology, ossifications other than the 
 bones of the main endoskeleton. 
 
 Sclerostenosis (skle-ro-sten-o'-sis) [sclero-; 
 stenosis]. i. Sclerosis with stenosis. 2. 
 Scleroderma. 
 
 Sclerothrix (skle'-ro-thriks) [sclero-; dpi£, hair]. 
 1. Abnormal hardness of the hair. 2. Of Metch- 
 nikoff, a genus of Mycobacteriacece included 
 in Mycobacterium, Lehmann and Neumann. 
 
 Sclerotic (skle-rot' -ik) [sclera]. Hard; indu- 
 rated. S. Coat. See Sclera. 
 
 Sclerotica (skle-rot'-ik-ah). See Sclera. 
 
 Scleroticochoroiditis (skle-rot-ik-o-ko-roid-i'- 
 tis). See Sclerochoroiditis. 
 
 Scleroticonyxis (skle-rot-ik-on-ik' '-sis) . 
 Scleronyxis. 
 
 Sclerotidectomy (skle-rot-id-ek'-to-me). 
 Scleronyxis. 
 
 Sclerotitis {skle-ro-ti'-tis). See Scleritis. 
 
 Sclerotium (skle-ro' '-she-urn) [sclera]. A thick 
 mass of hyphas constituting a resting-stage in 
 the development of some fungi, as the ergot. 
 
 Sclerotome {skle'-ro-tom) [sclero-; xepvecv, to 
 cut], 1. A knife used in sclerotomy. 2. A 
 hard tissue separating successive myotomes 
 in certain of the lower vertebrates. 3. The 
 skeletal tissue of an embryonic metamere. 
 
 Sclerotomy (skle-rot'-o-me) [see Sclerotome]. 
 The operation of incising the sclera. S., 
 Anterior, the making of an incision 
 through the sclera anterior to the ciliary body, 
 and entering the anterior chamber, as is done 
 in glaucoma. S., Posterior, sclerotomy by 
 an incision through the sclera behind the cili- 
 ary body, and entering the vitreous chamber. 
 
 Sclerozone {skle'-ro-zon)[sclero-;zone]. That por- 
 tion of the surface of a bone giving attachment 
 to the muscle derived from a given myotome. 
 
 Sclopetarius {sklo-pet-a' -re-us) [L.]. Relating 
 to a gun. Sclopetaria vulnera, gunshot 
 wounds. Syn., Sclopetica vulnera. 
 
 Scobinate (sko'-bin-at) [scobus, a file]. Having 
 a rough surface. 
 
 Scolecitis {sko-le-si'-tis) [scolex; ace, inflam- 
 mation]. Appendicitis. 
 
 Scolecoiditis (sko-le-koid-i'-tis) [scolex; eldoc, 
 likeness; tree, inflammation]. Appendicitis. 
 
 Scolectomy {sko-lek' -to-me) . Appendicectomy. 
 
 Scolex (sko'-leks) [oko'j).i)$, a worm]. The 
 head of a tape-worm, giving rise to the chain 
 of proglottides. 
 
 Scolicoiditis (sko-le-koid-i f -tis). Gerster's name 
 for appendicitis. 
 
 Scoliocoiditis (sko-le-o-koid-i f -tis). Nothna- 
 gel's term for appendicitis. 
 
 Extreme Scoliosis. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Scolio lordosis {sko-le-o-lor-do' -sis) . Combined 
 
 scoliosis and lordosis. 
 Scoliorachitic {sko-le-o-ra-kif -ik) [scoliosis; ra- 
 chitis]. Pertain- 
 in g to or pro- 
 duced by scolio- 
 sis and rickets. 
 Scolio siometry 
 (sko - le-o-si -om'- 
 et - re) [scoliosis; 
 fikrpov, a meas- 
 ure]. The esti- 
 mation of the de- 
 gree of deformity 
 in scoliosis. 
 Scoliosis (sko-le- 
 0' - sis) [okoXcoc, 
 curved]. A mor- 
 bid lateral cur- 
 vature of the 
 spine. 
 Scoliotic (sko-le- 
 ot f -ik) [scoliosis]. 
 Pertaining to or 
 marked by scoli- 
 osis. 
 Scoliotome (sko f - 
 le-o-tom) [scoliosis; xovog, a stretching]. An 
 apparatus for elongating the spine and les- 
 sening the rotation in lateral curvature. 
 Scombrin {skom'-brin) [Scomber, a genus of 
 fishes]. A protamin obtained from mature 
 spermatozoa of mackerel. 
 Scombron {skom' -bron) . Bang's name for a 
 histon obtained from immature spermatozoa 
 of mackerel. 
 Scoop [AS., skopa]. An instrument resem- 
 bling a spoon, for the extraction of bodies 
 from cavities, as an ear-scoop, lithotomy-scoop. 
 §COTi3LT\n.(sko'-par-in). See under Scoparius. 
 Scoparius (sko-pa' '-re-us) [scopa, a broom]. 
 The Cytisus scoparius, a shrub of the order 
 Leguminosce. The dried tops constitute the 
 scoparius of the U. S. P. (scoparii cacumina, 
 B. P.); they contain the alkaloid spartein, 
 C 15 H 26 N 2 , and a neutral principle, scoparin, 
 C^H^Ojo. Scoparius is diuretic and ca- 
 thartic, these actions probably depending 
 upon scoparin. Dose of the fluidextract 20- 
 40 min. (1.3-2.6 Cc). Unof. For proper- 
 ties of spartein see Spartein. 
 Scopola (sko-pol'-ah). The dried rhizome of 
 Scopola carniolica. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.05-0.15 
 Gm.). The rhizomes of 6 1 . japonica and S. 
 carniolica contain the alkaloid scopolamin or 
 scopolein, used as a mydriatic. 
 Scopolamin, Scopolein (sko-pol-am'-in, sko- 
 pol'-e-in). The active principle of Scopola car- 
 niolica, C 17 H 22 N0 4 , an alkaloid apparently 
 identical with hyoscin, used with morphin in 
 producing anesthesia by Schneiderlin's and 
 Korff's method (see under Anesthetic, Local). 
 S. Hydrobromid {scopolamines hydrobromi- 
 dum, U. S. P.), Ci 7 H 21 N0 4 HBr, hygroscopic 
 crystals, used as a mydriatic and sedative. 
 Externally in ophthalmology, tV - ! % solution; 
 subcutaneously for the insane, ^—ei gr, 
 
SCOPOPHOBIA 
 
 863 
 
 SCUTELLARIA 
 
 Scopophobia (sko-po-fo 1 '-be-ah) [oKone'cv, to ex- 
 amine; (f>6ftoc, fe ar l- A morbid dread of being 
 seen. 
 
 Scorbutic (skor-bu'-tik) [scorbutus]. Pertaining 
 to, affected with, or caused by scorbutus or 
 scurvy. 
 
 Scorbutus (skor-bu'-tus). See Scurvy. 
 
 Scotodinia (sko-to-din'-e-ah) [okotoc, darkness; 
 d'cvoc, a whirl]. Vertigo associated with the 
 appearance of black spots before the eyes. 
 
 Scotograph (sko'-to-graf) [okotoc, darkness; 
 ypafecv, to write]. i. An instrument for 
 aiding the blind to write. 2. A name given 
 to the picture produced by means of the so- 
 called roentgen-rays. See Rays, Roentgen-. 
 
 Scotoma (sko-to' -mah) [oKOTOtfia, darkness]. An 
 area in the visual field rays of light from 
 which are not at all (absolute scotoma) or im- 
 perfectly (relative scotoma) perceived. S., 
 Central, one limited to the region of the visual 
 field corresponding to the macula lutea. S., 
 Color-, color-blindness limited to a part of 
 the visual field, and which may exist without 
 interruption of the field for white light. S., 
 Flittering. See 6". scintillans. S., Negative, a 
 defect due to the destruction of the retinal 
 center, and which is not noticeable to the 
 patient. S., Positive, a scotoma perceptible 
 to the patient as a dark spot before his eyes. 
 S., Relative, a scotoma within which per- 
 ception of light is only partially impaired. 
 S., Ring-, S., Annular, a zone of scotoma 
 surrounding the center of the visual field. 
 S. scintillans, S., Scintillating, a scotoma 
 with serrated margins extending peripherally 
 and producing a large defect in the visual field. 
 Syn., Fortification-spectrum. 
 
 Scotometer, Scotommeter, Scotomometer 
 (sko-tom'-et-ur, sko-to -mom' -ei-ur) [okotoc dark- 
 ness; .fihpov, a measure]. 1. An instrument 
 for detecting, locating, and measuring sco- 
 tomas. 2. An instrument used in the de- 
 tection of central scotomas. 
 
 Scotosis (sko-to' -sis). See Scotoma. 
 
 Scototherapy (sko-to-ther'-ap-e) [okotoc, dark- 
 ness; dspo-nata, therapy]. The treatment of 
 malaria and other diseases by keeping the 
 patient in a dark room and in the intervals 
 between the attacks of the disease clothing 
 him in garments impenetrable by light. 
 
 Scrattage (skrat-ahjh) [Fr.]. Ophthalmoxysis, 
 the oldest method of mechanic treatment of 
 trachoma, the scratching out of the granules; 
 revived in 1890. Syn., Brassage. 
 
 Screatus (skre-a'-tus) [L.]. 1. A hawking. 
 2. A neurosis characterized by paroxysms of 
 hawking. 
 
 Scrivener's Palsy. See Writer's Cramp. 
 
 Scrobiculus (skro-bik' -u-lus) [L.]. A small 
 pit. S. cordis, the depression at the epi- 
 gastrium; the pit of the stomach. 
 
 Scrofula (skrof -u-lah) [scrofa, a sow]. A 
 term formerly applied to a peculiar condition 
 characterized by enlargement of the lym- 
 phatic glands and necrosis of the bones; it is 
 at present considered a form of tuberculosis. 
 
 Scrofulid (skrof'-u-lid). See Scrofuloderma 
 
 Scrof uloderm (skrof -u-lo- derm) [scrofula; 
 depfxa, the skin]. A disease of the skin due to 
 scrofula, and generally characterized by super- 
 ficial irregular ulcers with undermined edges. 
 The cause is the tubercle bacillus. 
 
 Scrofulosis (skrof -u-lo' -sis) [scrofula]. The 
 state characterized by the presence of scrof- 
 ula; a scrofulous diathesis. 
 
 Scrofulotuberculosis (skrof-u-lo-tu-ber-ku-lo'- 
 sis). Attenuated tuberculosis. 
 
 Scrofulous (skrof -u-lus) [scrofula]. Having 
 the nature of, affected with, or produced- by 
 scrofula. 
 
 Scroll (skrol) [ME., scrolle]. A roll of paper, 
 or anything folded so as to resemble 
 a roll. S.-bone, a turbinate bone. S.s, 
 Olfactory, the turbinate bones. 
 
 Scrophularin (skrof -u-la'-rin). A principle 
 obtained by Walz from Scrophularia nodosa. 
 
 Scrotal (skro'-tal) [scrotum]. Pertaining to or 
 contained in the scrotum, as scrotal hernia. 
 
 Scrotopexy (skro'-to-peks-e) [scrotum; x^cc, a 
 fixing in]. Longuet's term for the preserva- 
 tion of the scrotum which results from the 
 extraserous transplantation of the testicle in 
 cases of varicocele. Cf . Orchidopexy; Vagino- 
 pexy. 
 
 Scrotum (skro'-tum) [L.]. The pouch con- 
 taining the testicles, consisting of skin, dartos, 
 spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, infundib- 
 uliform fascia, and parietal tunica vaginalis. 
 
 Scrumpox (skrum'-poks). A name used in 
 England among school-children for impetigo 
 contagiosa. 
 
 Scruple (skru'-pl) [scrupulus, dim. of scrupus, 
 a sharp stone]. In apothecaries' weight, 20 
 grains; represented by the sign 9. 
 
 Sculcopin (skul'-ko-pin). The proprietary 
 name for a preparation of hydrastis and skull- 
 cap, used as a local astringent. 
 
 Scultetus' Bandage. A bandage used in 
 compound fractures, so arranged that the 
 short pieces of which it is composed may be 
 removed without motion of the limb. 
 
 Scurf (skerf) [AS.]. A bran -like desquamation 
 of the epidermis, especially from the scalp; 
 dandruff. 
 
 Scurvy (sker'-ve) [scurf]. A disease observed 
 among persons who have been deprived of 
 proper food for a length of time; it is char- 
 acterized by spongy gums, extravasations of 
 blood beneath the skin, hemorrhages from the 
 mucous membranes, fetor of the breath, and 
 painful contractions of the muscles. It is 
 most common among sailors living on salt 
 meats. S. -grass, Cochlearia officinalis, a 
 plant of the order Cruciferce, the properties 
 of which reside in a volatile oil resembling oil 
 of mustard. It is used in scurvy and in 
 chronic rheumatism. S., Land-. See Pur- 
 pura hcemorrhagica. 
 
 Scutellaria (sku-tel-a' -re-ah) [scutellum, a little 
 shield]. A genus of the Labiatce. The dried 
 plant of S. lateriflora, skullcap, is the 
 Scutellaria of the U. S. P., and is employed in 
 neuralgia, chorea, delirium tremens, and other 
 nervous affections. S., Fluidextract of 
 
SCUTELLARIN 
 
 864 
 
 SECRETIN 
 
 {jluidextr actum Scutellaria, U. S. P.). Dose 
 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Scutellaria (sku-tel-ar'-in). 1. An impure pre- 
 cipitate from an alcoholic tincture of Scutellaria. 
 Dose 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 Gm.). 2. C 10 H 8 O 3 . A 
 nontoxic principle derived from the root of 
 Scutellaria lateriflora, forming flat yellow 
 needles, soluble in alcohol, ether, or alkalis, 
 melting at 199 C. It is used as a tonic and 
 sedative in nervous diseases. Dose f— 4 gr. 
 (0.05-0.26 Gm.). 
 
 Scutulate {sku'-tu-ldt ) [scutulum]. Shaped like 
 a lozenge. 
 
 Scutulum (shu'-tu-lum) [dim. of scutum, a 
 shield]. Any one of the thin plates of the 
 eruption of favus. 
 
 Scutum (sku'-tum) [L., "a shield"]. A 
 shield-like plate of bone. S. tympanicum, 
 the semilunar plate of bone separating the 
 attic of the tympanum from the outer mastoid 
 cells. 
 
 Scybala (sib'-al-ah). Plural of scybalum (q. v.). 
 
 Scybalous {sib'-al-us) [scybalum]. Of the nature 
 of a scybalum. 
 
 Scybalum {sib'-al-um) [onufiolov, fecal matter]. 
 A mass of abnormally hard fecal matter. 
 
 Scymnol (sim'-nol) [Scymnus, a genus of 
 sharks], C 27 H 46 5 or C 32 H 54 6 . An organic 
 base obtained by Hammarsten from the bile 
 of sharks. 
 
 Scyphoid (si'-Joid or ski'-foid) [oKC<j)og, a drink- 
 ing-cup]. Cup-shaped. 
 
 Scythian Lamb. See under Cibotium. 
 
 Scytoblasta (si-to-blas'-tah). See Scytoblastema. 
 
 Scytoblastema {si -to- bias -te' -mah) [okuzoc, 
 skin; ^Xaaxf]p.a, germ]. The primitive or 
 embryonic stage of the development of the 
 skin. 
 
 Scytodephic, Scytodepsic (si-to-de f -fik, si-to- 
 dep'-sik) [oKuzof, a hide; dk<j>siv, to soften]. 
 Relating to tannin; tannic. 
 
 Seamstress's Cramp. A painful cramp af- 
 fecting the fingers of seamstresses; an occu- 
 pation-neurosis analogous to writer's cramp. 
 
 Searcher (serch'-er). A sound used for the 
 detection of stone in the bladder. 
 
 Sea-sickness. A condition occurring in per- 
 sons aboard ship, produced by the rolling 
 of the ship, and characterized by vertigo, 
 nausea, retching, and prostration. A similar 
 state may be induced by riding in cars, 
 elevators, etc. 
 
 Sea-tangle. See Laminaria. 
 
 Seat -worm. See Oxyuris. 
 
 Sebaceofollicular (se-ba-se-o-fol-ik'-u-lar). Re- 
 lating to a sebaceous follicle. 
 
 Sebaceous {se-ba'-shus) [sebum, fat]. Pertain- 
 ing to sebum; secreting sebum. S. Cyst, 
 a cystic tumor formed by occlusion of the 
 duct of a sebaceous gland, with retention of 
 the secretion, dilation, and thickening of the 
 wall of the gland. It contains a grayish-white 
 cheesy material. S. Glands, S. Follicles, 
 compound saccular glands associated with the 
 hair-follicles, and secreting a semifluid sub- 
 stance, the sebum, composed of oil-droplets 
 and broken-down epithelial cells, 
 
 Sebadilla {seb-ad-il'-ah). See Sabadilla. 
 
 Sebileau's Sublingual Hollow. A pyramidal 
 area with its base upward, extending along 
 beneath the tongue, and formed by the oral 
 mucosa and the sublingual glands, the apex 
 below at the point where the mylohyoid muscle 
 covers the geniohyoid. 
 
 Sebiparous {seb-ip' -ar-us) [sebum; parere, to 
 produce]. Secreting sebum. 
 
 Sebolith {seb f -o-lith) [sebum; X'cdog, a stone]. 
 A concretion in a sebaceous gland. 
 
 Seborrhea, Seborrhoea {seb-or-e'-ah) [sebum; 
 poca, a flow]. A functional disease of the seba- 
 ceous glands, characterized by an excessive 
 secretion of sebum, which collects upon the skin 
 in the form of an oily coating or of crusts or 
 scales. Seborrhoea congestiva, lupus erythe- 
 matosus. Seborrhoea capillitii, S. capitis, 
 seborrhea of the scalp. Seborrhoea corporis, 
 seborrhea of the trunk. Seborrhoea faciei, 
 seborrhea of the face. Seborrhoea flaves- 
 cens. See 5. nasi. Seborrhoea ichthyosis, 
 a variety characterized by the formation of 
 large, plate-like crusts. Seborrhoea nasi, 
 seborrhea of the sebaceous glands of the nose. 
 Seborrhoea nigra, S. nigricans, seborrhea 
 with the formation of dark-colored crusts, the 
 coloration being usually from dirt. Sebor- 
 rhoea oleosa, a form characterized by an 
 excessive oiliness of the skin, especially about 
 the forehead and nose. Seborrhoea sicca, 
 the commonest form of seborrhea, char- 
 acterized by greasy, brownish-gray scales. 
 
 Seborrheic, Seborrheic {seb-or-e'-ik, seb-or-o'- 
 ik). 1. Affected with seborrhea. 2. One 
 suffering with seborrhea. 
 
 Sebum {se'-bum) [L.]. The secretion of the 
 sebaceous glands. See Sebaceous Glands. 
 
 Secale {se-ka'-le) [L.]. Rye. S. cornutum. 
 See Ergot. 
 
 Secalose {sek'-al-os). A carbohydrate from 
 green rye, soluble in water. 
 
 Second Intention. See under Healing. S. 
 Nerve, the optic nerve. 
 
 Secondary {sek 1 '-un-da-re) [secundarius, from 
 secundus, second]. 1. Second in the order 
 of time or development, as the secondary 
 lesions of syphilis. 2. Second in relation; 
 subordinate; produced by a cause considered 
 primary. S. Amputation, an amputation 
 done after the subsidence of inflammatory 
 symptoms. S. Cataract. See Cataract, Re- 
 current Capsular. S. Coil, the coil of wire 
 in which the induced current is generated. S. 
 Degeneration (of nerve-fibers), a degeneration 
 following injury 'or disease of the trophic cen- 
 ters. S. Hemorrhage. See Hemorrhage, 
 Secondary. 
 
 Secrete {se-kret') [secernere, to separate]. To 
 separate; specifically, to separate from the 
 blood, or form out of materials furnished by the 
 blood a certain substance termed secretion. 
 
 Secretin {se-kre'-tiri) [see Secrete]. . A body 
 produced in the epithelial cells of the duo- 
 denum by the contact of acid. It is absorbed 
 from the cells by the blood and excites the 
 pancreas to secretion, 
 
 i 
 
SECRETION 
 
 865 
 
 SEIDEL'S REACTION 
 
 Secretion (se-kre'-shun) [secrete], i. The act 
 of secreting or forming from materials fur- 
 nished by the blood a certain substance which 
 is either eliminated from the body or used 
 in carrying on special functions. 2. The 
 substance secreted. S., External, a secre- 
 tion thrown out upon the external or internal 
 surface of the body. S., Internal, a secretion 
 that is not thrown out upon a surface, but is 
 absorbed into the blood. 
 
 Secretogog (se-kre'-to-gog) [secretion; aytoybc, 
 leading]. 1. Stimulating the secretory func- 
 tion. 2. An agent which stimulates secretion. 
 
 Secretory {se f -kre-to-re) [secretion]. Pertaining 
 to secretion; performing secretion. S. Capil- 
 laries, minute canaliculi into which gland- 
 cells discharge their secretion; they are simple 
 or branched, sometimes anastomose, forming 
 a network enveloping the gland-cell, and open 
 individually or united in a single trunk into 
 the lumen of the gland. They occur in the 
 fundus glands of the stomach, where the capil- 
 lary networks envelop the parietal cells, in the 
 liver, and in other glands. 
 
 Sectile {sek'-HV) [secare, to cut]. Capable of 
 being cut. 
 
 Sectio (sek'-she-o) [L.]. See Section. S. ab- 
 dominis. See Celiotomy. S. agrippina, ce- 
 sarean section. S. alta, suprapubic cystot- 
 omy. S. cadaveris, an autopsy. S. caesa- 
 rea, cesarean section. S. franconiana, 
 suprapubic cystotomy. S. lateralis, lateral 
 lithotomy. S. mariana, S. mediana, median 
 lithotomy. S. nympharum, nymphotomy. 
 
 Section (sek'-shun) [secare, to cut]. 1. The 
 act of cutting or dividing. 2. A cut; a cut 
 surface. S., Abdominal. See Celiotomy. 
 S., Cesarean. See Cesarean Section. S.- 
 cutter, a microtome. S., Frontal, a section 
 dividing the body into dorsal and ventral 
 parts. S., Occipital, a transverse section 
 through the middle of the occipital lobe. S., 
 Parietal, a transverse vertical section through 
 the ascending parietal convolution. S., Peri- 
 neal, external urethrotomy without a guide. 
 S.s, Pitres', a series of sections through the 
 brain for postmortem examination. S., 
 Sagittal, a section parallel with the sagittal 
 suture, and hence with the median plane of 
 the body, and serving to divide the body into 
 equal parts. 
 
 Secundagravida (se-kun-dah-grav'-id-ah) [se- 
 cicndus, second; gravidus, pregnant]. A 
 woman pregnant the second time. 
 
 Secundines (sek' '-uh-denz) [secundus, second]. 
 The placenta, part of the umbilicus, and the 
 membranes discharged from the uterus after 
 the birth of the child. 
 
 Secundipara {se-kun-dip'-ar-ah) [secundus, 
 second; parere, to bring forth]. A woman 
 who has borne two children. 
 
 Secundiparity (se-kun-dip-ar'-it-e). The state 
 of being a secundipara. 
 
 Secundiparous {se-kun-dip'-ar-us). Having 
 borne two children. 
 
 Sedatin (sed'-at-in). 1. Antipyrin. 2. See Va- 
 leryl-phenetidin. 
 56 
 
 Sedation (se-da' '-shun) [sedare, to soothe]. 1. 
 A state of lessened functional activity. 2. 
 The production of a state of lessened func- 
 tional activity. 
 
 Sedative (sed'-at-iv) [see Sedation]. 1. Quiet- 
 ing or lessening functional activity. 2. An 
 agent lessening functional activitv. 
 
 Sediment (sed'-im-ent) [sedimentum, from se- 
 dere, to sit]. The material settling to the 
 bottom of a liquid. 
 
 Sedimentation {sed-im-en-ta' -shun) [sediment]. 
 The process of producing the deposition of 
 a sediment, especially the rapid deposition 
 by means of a centrifugal machine. 
 
 Sedimentator (sed-i-ment' '-at-or) . A centrif- 
 ugal apparatus for producing a rapid deposit 
 of the sediment of urine. 
 
 Seebeck-Holmgren's Test. See Holmgren's 
 Test. 
 
 Seehear (se'-her). Of W. Rollins, a stethoscope 
 fitted with a sound chamber and fluorescent 
 screen by means of which the heart and lungs 
 are rendered both visible and audible. 
 
 Seeligmueller's Sign. Mydriasis on the af- 
 fected side in cases of neuralgia. 
 
 Seessel's Pocket. A slight depression in the 
 epithelial lining of the pharyngeal membrane 
 of the embryo, behind Rathke's hypophyseal 
 pouch. 
 
 Seglas' Type of Paranoia. Psychomotor type 
 of paranoia. 
 
 Segment {seg'-ment) [segmentum, from secare, 
 to cut.] A small piece cut from the periphery 
 of anything; a part bounded by a natural or 
 imaginary line. S., Vertebral. 1. See So- 
 matome. 2. The cusps of the heart-valves. 
 
 Segmental {seg-men'-tal) [segment]. 1. Per- 
 taining to a segment; made up of segments. 
 2. Undergoing or resulting from segmentation. 
 S. Duct, the duct of the pronephron. S. 
 Organs, a tubular structure found in the 
 embryos of amniotic animals, and comprising 
 the pronephron, the mesonephron, and the 
 metanephron. 
 
 Segmentation (seg-men-ta'-shun) [segment]. 
 The process of dividing into two equal parts, 
 as the segmentation of the ovum. S.- 
 cavity, the central space in the ovum pro- 
 duced by segmentation. S. -cells. See S.- 
 sphere. S. -nucleus. See Nucleus, Seg- 
 mentation-. S. -sphere, one of the cells of an 
 ovum formed by segmentation. 
 
 Segregator (seg'-re-ga-tor) [segregare, to sepa- 
 rate]. An instrument by means of which 
 urine from each kidney may be secured with- 
 out danger of admixture. 
 
 Seguin's Signal Symptom. The initial con- 
 vulsion of an attack of jacksonian epilepsy, 
 which indicates the seat of the cortical 
 lesion. 
 
 Seidel's Reaction for Inosit. Evaporate to 
 dryness a little of the substance in a platinum 
 crucible with nitric acid of specific gravity 
 1.1-1.2, and treat the residue with ammonia 
 and a few drops of a solution of strontium 
 acetate. If inosit is present, a green color 
 and a violet precipitate are obtained. 
 
SEIDLITZ POWDER 
 
 866 
 
 SEMINEX 
 
 Seidlitz Powder (sid'-litz). Pulvis effervescens 
 compositus. 
 
 Seisesthesia (si-zes-the' -ze-ah) [oslacc, a con- 
 cussion; a'caQyotc, sensation]. Perception of 
 concussion. 
 
 Seismotherapy (slz-mo-ther' -ap-e)- [oecajibg, a 
 shaking; depaneca, therapy]. The therapeu- 
 tic use of mechanic vibration; vibrothera- 
 peutics. Syn., Shaking cure. 
 
 Sejunction (se- junk' -shun) [sejungere, to dis- 
 unite]. In psychology the interruption of the 
 continuity of association-complexes, tending 
 to break up personality. 
 
 Selection (se-lek'-shun) [seligere, to choose]. 
 The act of choosing. S., Natural, the selec- 
 tive action of external conditions, whereby 
 characters favorable to the species of animal 
 or plant are preserved. S., Sexual, the selec- 
 tion produced by preferences of the one sex 
 for a member of the other sex in some way 
 specially endowed. 
 
 Selector {se-lek' -tor) [selection]. A device for 
 selecting or separating. S., Cell-, an ap- 
 
 . pliance for regulating the current strength in 
 galvanic electricity. A good selector must 
 admit of an increase or a decrease of elec- 
 tromotive force through the introduction of 
 one cell at a time; it must permit of such in- 
 crease or decrease without producing any 
 interruption in the flow of the current. All 
 selectors are constructed upon one of three 
 principles: the crank, the rider, or the plug 
 system. 
 
 Seleniate (sel-en'-e-dt). A salt of selenic acid. 
 
 Selenic (se-len'-ik) [selenium]. A compound 
 containing selenium combined directly with 
 three atoms of oxygen. S. Acid, H 2 Se0 4 , a 
 dibasic acid resembling sulfuric acid in its 
 properties. 
 
 Seleniferous (sel-en-if'-er-us) [selenium; ferre, 
 to bear]. Containing selenium. 
 
 Selenin B (sel-en'-in) [selenium]. The active 
 toxic element in cultures of Diplococcus 
 semilunaris. 
 
 Selenite (se'-len-lt) [selenium], i. A salt of 
 selenous acid. 2. A translucent form of 
 calcium sulfate. 
 
 Selenitic (se-len-it'-ik). Containing selenite. 
 
 Selenium (se-le'-ne-um) [oeXrjvrj, the moon], 
 Se = 78.6; usually bivalent, sometimes quad- 
 rivalent or hexavalent. A rare element re- 
 sembling sulfur in its properties. 
 
 Selenogamia (sel-en-o-gam 1 '-e-ah) [ozX-qvq, the 
 moon; yap.dc, marriage]. Somnambulism. 
 
 Selenopyrin (sel-en-o-pi'-rin). A reaction prod- 
 uct of potassium selinid with a socalled anti- 
 pyrin chlorid. 
 
 Self -abuse, Self. -pollution. See Masturbation. 
 
 Self-limited. Limited by reason of inherent 
 qualities; applied to diseases that run a defi- 
 nite limited course independent of treatment. 
 
 Sella (sel'-ah) [L.]. A saddle. S. turcica, 
 the pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone lodg- 
 ing the pituitary body. 
 
 Selters, Seltzer Water (sel'-ters, selts'-er). An 
 effervescent mineral water obtained at Selters 
 in Prussia. 
 
 Semeiography (sem-i-og'-ra-fe) [oypelov, sign; 
 ypacptcv, to write]. Symptomatology. 
 
 Semeiology (sem-i-oV -o-je) [oypelov, sign; A67-00, 
 discourse]. Symptomatology. 
 
 Semeiotic (sem-i-ot'-ik) [arjpe'iov, sign]. Per- 
 taining to symptoms. 
 
 Semeiotics (sem-i-ot'-iks) [see Semeiotic]. 
 Symptomatology. 
 
 Semelincident (sem-el-in 1 '-sid-ent) [semel, once; 
 incidere, to happen]. Happening only once 
 in the same person, as a semelincident disease. 
 
 Semen (se'-men). 1. A seed. 2. The fecun- 
 dating fluid of the male, chiefly secreted by 
 the testicles, composed of liquor seminis, sem- 
 inal granules, oil-globules, and spermatozoa. 
 
 Semi- (sem-i-) [L.]. A prefix denoting half. 
 
 Semicanal {sem-i-kan-al') [semi-; canal]. A 
 canal open on one side; a sulcus or groove. 
 
 Semicanalis (sem-i-kan-a' -lis). See Semicanal. 
 S. humeri, the bicipital groove. S. nervi 
 vidiani, the groove on the temporal bone for 
 the passage of the vidian nerve. S. tensor 
 tympani, a depression situated close to the 
 hiatus of Fallopius in the anterior wall of the 
 tympanum. The tendon of the tensor tym- 
 pani is transmitted through an aperture at its 
 apex. S. tubae eustachii. See Sulcus tubes 
 eustachii. S. tympanicus, the tympanic 
 canal. 
 
 Semicircular {sem-i- sir' -ku-lar) [semi-; circu- 
 lus, a circle]. Having the form of a half- 
 circle. S. Canals. See under Ear. 
 
 Semicordate (sem-i-kor'-dat) [semi-; cor, the 
 heart]. Shaped like the half of a heart that 
 has been divided longitudinally. 
 
 Semicretinism (sem-i-kre'-tin-izm). The con- 
 dition of being a semicretin. 
 
 Semidecussation (sem-i-de-kus-a'-shun). Par- 
 tial decussation. 
 
 Semiglutin (sem-i- glu' -tin), C 55 H 85 N 17 22 . A 
 derivative of gelatin resembling a peptone. 
 
 Semilunar (sem-i-lu'-nar) [semi-; luna, moon]. 
 Resembling a half-moon in shape, as the 
 semilunar bone of the carpus, the semilu- 
 nar cartilage of the knee, the semilunar 
 ganglion of the abdominal sympathetic nerve 
 or of the trifacial nerve (gasserian ganglion), 
 the semilunar valves of the heart. S. Space 
 of Traube, the tympanitic area at the lower 
 part of the left chest corresponding to the 
 stomach. 
 
 Semimembranous (sem -i- mem' - bra - nus) . 
 Partly membranous, as the semimembranous 
 muscle (semimembranosus) . See under Muscle. 
 
 Seminal (sem'-in-al) [semen]. Pertaining to 
 the semen. S. Cyst, a cyst of the spermatic 
 cord or testicle containing semen. S. Ves- 
 icle. See Vesicle, Seminal. 
 
 Seminalism (sem' -in-al-izm) [seminalis, rela- 
 ting to seed; primary]. A vitalistic theory 
 proposed by Bouchet, of Paris, which teaches 
 that the vital forces of man and beasts are 
 totally distinct and that beasts have an in- 
 telligence of instinct and man oxie_of abstrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Seminex (sem'-in-eks) [semi-; nex, death]. Half 
 dead. 
 
SEMINIFEROUS 
 
 867 
 
 SENSATION 
 
 Seminiferous (sem-in-if -er-us) [semen; ferre, 
 to carry]. Producing semen, as the seminif- 
 erous tubules of the testicle. 
 
 Seminormal • (sem-i-nor'-mal) [semi-; norma, 
 rule]. Half-normal. S. Solution, one con- 
 taining in solution half the quantity of the 
 substance contained in the normal solution. 
 
 Semis (se'-mis) [L.]. Half; abbreviated in 
 prescriptions to ss, which is placed after the 
 sign indicating the measure. 
 
 Semisomnis (sem-i-som'-nis) [semi; somnus, 
 sleep]. Coma. 
 
 Semisomnous (sem-i-som' -nus). Relating to a 
 comatose condition. 
 
 Semisoporus (sem-i-so' -por-us) [semi-; sopor, 
 sleep]. Coma. 
 
 Semispinalis (sem-i-spi-na' -lis) . See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Semisulcus (sem-i-suV -~kus) . A half sulcus 
 which, uniting with another sulcus, forms a 
 complete sulcus. 
 
 Semitendinous (sem-i-ten'-din-us). Partly ten- 
 dinous, as a semitendinous muscle (semiten- 
 dinosus). See under Muscle. 
 
 Semivalent (sem-iv' -al-ent) [semi-; valere, to be 
 able]. Of one-half the normal valency. 
 
 Semon's Law. In progressive organic lesions 
 of the motor laryngeal nerves, the cricoaryte- 
 noidei postici — the abductors of the vocal 
 cords — are the first, and sometimes the only, 
 muscles affected. S.'s Symptom, impaired 
 mobility of the vocal cords in carcinoma of 
 the larynx. 
 
 Semon-Rosenbach's Law. See Semon's Law. 
 
 Sempiternal (sem-pi-ter'-nal) [sempiternus, ever- 
 lasting]. Applied to an indivisible specific 
 totality bringing back the past to the present, 
 in opposition throughout all time to the re- 
 mainder of transitory nature (Montgomery). 
 
 Senalbin (sen-al'-bin), C^pL^^O^. A glu- 
 cosid found in white mustard, Brassica alba. 
 
 Senecin (sen'-es-in). An alkaloid found in 
 1895 in Senecio vulgaris. 
 
 Senecio (se-ne'-se-o) [senex, an old man]. 
 Groundsel, a genus of composite-flowered 
 plants, said to contain 960 species, many of 
 them medicinal. 5. aureus is the com- 
 mon liferoot. S. canicida, verba del Puebla, 
 a Mexican species, is diuretic and is 
 recommended in treatment of epilepsy. 
 5. cineraria is a species of South America; 
 the fresh juice of the leaves, stems, and 
 flowers is recommended in treatment of 
 capsular and lenticular cataracts and other 
 diseases of the eye. 5. gracilis is a slender 
 species, generally regarded as a variety of 
 5. aureus. S. jacobcea, ragwort or ragweed, 
 is tonic and astringent. 
 
 Senega (sen'-e-ga) [L.]. The Polygala senega, 
 a plant of the Polygalece. Its root is official 
 (senega, U. S. P.; senegce. radix, B. P.); it con- 
 tains a bitter principle, senegin or polygalic 
 acid (or polygalin), which is probably identi- 
 cal with saponin. It is used as a stimulant, 
 expectorant, and diuretic; in large doses it is 
 emetocathartic. It is chiefly employed in 
 bronchitis and laryngitis, as a diuretic in 
 
 dropsy, and in amenorrhea. Dose 10-20 gr. 
 (0.65-1.3 Gm.); of the infusion 1 oz. (30 Cc). 
 S., Fluidextract of (fluidextractum senegce, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). 
 S., Syrup of. (syrupus senegce, U. S. P.)^ 
 Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). S., Tincture of 
 (tinctura senegce, B. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Senegin (sen' '-e-jin) , C 32 H 52 17 (Hesse), a yel- 
 lowish powder, soluble in water; used as an 
 expectorant and diuretic. Dose \-2 gr. 
 (0.032-0.13 Gm.). 
 
 Seng. A proprietary digestant said to be de- 
 rived from ginseng, Aralia quinquefolia. 
 
 Senile (se'-nil) [senilis; from senex, old]. Per- 
 taining to or caused by old age. 
 
 Senilism (sen'-il-izm) [senile] A condition of 
 prematurity. See Progeria. Cf. Ateleiosis; 
 Infantilism. 
 
 Senility (sen-iV -it-e) [senile]. The state of being 
 senile; the weakness characteristic of old 
 age. m 
 
 Seniocin (sen-i' -o-sin) . An alkaloid obtained 
 from Senecio vulgaris and S. jacobcea. 
 
 Senki. A disease resembling lepra and as- 
 sociated with colic, described by Kompfer 
 in 1 713 as peculiar to Japan. 
 
 Senn's Bone-plates [after Nicholas Senn, an 
 American surgeon]. Plates of decalcified bone 
 used in intestinal anastomosis. S.'s Test, 
 the introduction of hydrogen gas into the 
 bowel through the rectum, for the detection 
 and localization of an abnormal opening. 
 
 Senna (sen' -ah) [Ar., sena]. The leaflets of 
 various species of Cassia, a genus of the order 
 Leguminosce. Senna of the U. S. P. is de- 
 rived fom Cassia acuti folia; that of the B. P. 
 is of two varieties — Alexandrian senna, from 
 Cassia acuti folia, and East India or Tin- 
 nevelly senna, from Cassia angustifolia. De- 
 resinate senna is that from which the resin has 
 been removed by maceration in alcohol to 
 prevent griping. Senna contains cathartic 
 acid, a glucosid representing the purgative 
 properties of senna, the bitter principles 
 sennapicrin and sennacrol, and a coloring- 
 matter, chrysophan. Senna is used as a 
 purgative, generally in combination with an 
 aromatic to prevent griping. Dose \-2 dr. 
 (2-8 Cc). S., Compound Infusion of 
 (infusum sennce compositum, U. S. P.), black 
 draught, contains senna, manna, and mag- 
 nesium sulfate. Dose 4 oz. (128 Cc). S., Con- 
 fection of (confectio sennce, U. S. P., B. P.). 
 Dose 2 dr. (8 Gm.). S., Fluidextract of 
 (fluidextractum sennce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-4 
 dr. (4-16 Cc). S., Syrup of (syrupus sennce, 
 U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
 S., Tincture of (tinctura sennce, B. P.). 
 Dose 1-4 dr. (4-16 Cc). 
 
 Sennacrol (sen' -ak-rol) . See under Senna. 
 
 Sennapicrin (sen-ap-ik'-rin). See under Senna. 
 
 Sennit (sen' -it), C 21 H 44 N 19 . A nonfermen table 
 sugar found in senna, occurring in soluble 
 warty crystals. Syn., Cathartomannite. 
 
 Sensation (sen-sa'-shun) [sensatio, from sen- 
 tire, to feel]. A feeling or impression pro- 
 duced by the stimulation of an afferent nerve. 
 
SENSE 
 
 868 
 
 SEPTENTRIONALIN 
 
 S., Correlative, stimulation of the cerebrum 
 by a sensation carried by a single sensory 
 nerve. S., Cutaneous, a sensation pro- 
 duced through the medium of the skin. S., 
 Eccentric, the conception .of locality. S., 
 External, a sensation transmitted from a 
 peripheral sense-organ. S., General. See 
 Subjective Sensation. S., Girdle, girdle- 
 pain. S., Internal. See Subjective Sensa- 
 tion. S., Objective, an external sensation 
 due to some objective agency. S.s, Psycho- 
 visual, sensations of sight without the stimu- 
 lation of the retina; visions. S., Radiating. 
 See S., Secondary (i). 8., Secondary, i. 
 Miiller's name for the excitement of one 
 sensation by another or the extension of mor- 
 bid sensations in disease to unaffected parts. 
 2. A sensation of one type attending a sensa- 
 tion of another type. Cf. Audition coloree. 
 S., Special, any sensation produced by the 
 special senses. S., Subjective. See Sub- 
 jective Sensation. S., Tactile, one produced 
 through the sense of touch. S., Trans- 
 ference of, clairvoyance. 
 
 Sense (sens) [sensus, from sentire, to feel], i. 
 Any one of the faculties by which stimuli 
 from the external world or from within the 
 body are received and transformed into sen- 
 sations. The faculties receiving impulses 
 from the external world are the senses of 
 sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste, which 
 are the special senses, and the muscular and 
 temperature-sense. Those receiving impulses 
 from the internal organs (visceral senses) are 
 the hunger-sense, thirst-sense, and others. 2. 
 A sensation. 
 
 Sensibility (sen-sib-iV -it-e) [see Sense], i. 
 The ability to receive and feel impressions. 
 2. The ability of a nerve or end-organ to 
 receive and transmit impulses. S., Recur- 
 rent, Longet's and Magendie's term for the 
 sensibility observed in the anterior roots of 
 the spinal nerves, which appeared to be de- 
 pendent on the posterior root, and not in- 
 herent, like the sensibility of the posterior 
 root itself. The existence of recurrent sen- 
 sibility was denied by Longet. 
 
 Sensibilizer (sen' -sib-il-i-zer) [see Sense]. A 
 substance which, acting as a chemic screen, 
 conduces to synthesis or other chemic pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 Sensible (sen'-si-bl) [sense, to feel]. Percep- 
 tible by the senses, as sensible perspira- 
 tion; capable of receiving an impression 
 through the senses. 
 
 Sensitive (sen' -sit-iv) [sensitivus]. i. Capa- 
 ble of feeling; capable of transmitting sen- 
 sation. 2. Reacting to a stimulus. S. Soul 
 (of Stahl), the immortal principle. 
 
 Sensitized (sen'-sit-lzd). Rendered sensitive. 
 
 Sensitizer. Bordet's name (1899) for the in- 
 termediary body of Ehrlich. Syn., Substance 
 sensibilisatrice. 
 
 Sensomobile (sen-so-mo' -bil) [sensus, feeling; 
 mobilis, movable]. Moving in response to 
 stimulation. 
 
 Sensomobility (sen-so-mo-bil'-it-e). The ca- 
 
 pacity for movement in response to a sensory 
 stimulus. 
 
 Sensorial (sen-so' -re-al) [sensorium]. Pertain- 
 ing to the sensorium. 
 
 Sensoriglandular (sen -so- re - gland' - u - lar) . 
 Causing glandular action by stimulation of 
 the sensory nerves. 
 
 Sensorimetabolism (sen-ro-re-met-ab'-ol-izm) . 
 Metabolism resulting from stimulation of the 
 sensory nerves. 
 
 Sensorimotor (sen-so-re-mo' -tor) [sensus, feel- 
 ing; motor]. Both sensory and motor; con- 
 cerned with the perception of sensory im- 
 pulses and with motor impulses. S. Centers, 
 centers that are concerned both with the per- 
 ception of sensation and with motor impulses. 
 
 Sensorimuscular (sen-so-re-mus'-ku-lar) . Pro- 
 ducing muscular action in response to stimu- 
 lation of the sensory nerves. 
 
 Sensorium (sen-so' -re-um) [L.]. A center for 
 sensations, especially the part of the brain 
 concerned in receiving and combining the 
 impressions conveyed to the individual sen- 
 sory centers. 
 
 Sensory (sen'-so-re) [sensus, feeling]. Pertaining 
 to or conveying sensation. S. Aphasia. See 
 under Aphasia. S. Aura, an aura affecting 
 the special senses. S. Crossway, the posterior 
 third of the posterior limb of the internal 
 capsule, where the afferent fibers conveying 
 sensory impulses cross to the opposite side. 
 S. Epilepsy, various disturbances of sensation 
 occurring in paroxysms that replace the epi- 
 leptic convulsion. S. Nerve, one that con- 
 veys sensations from the periphery to the 
 centers. 
 
 Sentient (sen' -she-ent) [sentire, to feel]. Capa- 
 ble of feeling. 
 
 Sentina (sen-ti'-nah) [L., "the hold of a ship"]. 
 The epiphysis cerebri. 
 
 Sentinal-pile. The thickened wall of the anal 
 pocket at the lower end of an anal fissure. 
 
 Separator (sep'-ar-a-tor) [separare, to separate]. 
 t. Anything that separates, especially an 
 instrument for separating the teeth. 2. An 
 instrument for detaching the pericranium or 
 periosteum. 
 
 Sepedogenesis (se-ped-o-jen'-e-sis) [sepedon; 
 yevvav, to produce]. Putrescence. 
 
 Sepedon (se'-ped-on) [orjxecv, to be rotten]. 
 Putridity. 
 
 Sepsin (sep'-sin) [sepsis]. A poisonous pto- 
 main obtained from decomposed yeast and 
 blood. 
 
 Sepsis (sep'-sis) [of)<btc, putrefaction]. A state 
 of poisoning produced by the absorption of 
 putrefactive substances. S., Gas, a septic 
 condition due to the gas bacillus, Bacillus 
 aero genes capsulatus. S., Puerperal, sepsis 
 occurring after childbirth, from absorption 
 of putrefactive products from the parturient 
 canal. 
 
 Septan (sep'-tan) [septem, seven]. Recurring 
 every seventh day, as septan fever. 
 
 Septemia, Septhemia (sep-te'-me-ah, sep- 
 the'-me-ah). See Septicemia. 
 
 Septentrionalin (sep-ten-tre-o-naV -in). An al- 
 
SEPTIC 
 
 SEPTUM 
 
 kaloid obtained from Aconitum lycoctonum. 
 It is a sensory paralyzant, resembling curara; 
 it has been suggested as a local and general 
 anesthetic, and is used as an antidote to 
 strychnin and in treatment of tetanus and 
 hydrophobia. 
 
 Septic (sep'-tik) [sepsis]. Pertaining to or 
 produced by putrefaction. S. Intoxica- 
 tion, a form of poisoning resulting from 
 the absorption of products of putre- 
 
 - faction. S. Tank, in sewage treatment 
 a large closed chamber through which the 
 sewage is allowed to pass slowly. Cf. Con- 
 tact-bed. 
 
 Septicemia (sep-te-se'-me-ah) [sepsis; at pa, 
 blood]. Blood-poisoning; a form of poison- 
 ing resulting from the presence in the blood 
 of the products of pyogenic or putrefactive 
 microorganisms. S., Bacillar, of Chickens, 
 a disease of chickens described by Fuhrmann 
 as due to a specific bacillus belonging to the 
 colon group. S., Goose, a rapidly fatal 
 disease of geese due to a specific microbe. 
 The infection takes place by way of the 
 mucosa of the head. S., Mouse, a form of 
 septicemia occurring in mice and produced by 
 Bacillus murisepticus. It is usually fatal in 
 from 40 to 60 hours, the animal early becom- 
 ing apathetic. S., Rabbit, a form of septice- 
 mia occurring in rabbits and due to Bacillus 
 septiccemice hemorrhagica or bacillus of 
 chicken cholera. S., Sputum, a form of 
 septicemia produced by inoculation with 
 microorganisms found in sputum, especially 
 the pneumococcus. 
 
 Septicemic (sep-te-sem'-ik or sep-te-se'-mik) 
 [septicemia]. Pertaining to or affected with 
 septicemia. 
 
 Septicin (sep'-tis-in) [septic]. A ptomain ob- 
 tained from decaying flesh. 
 
 Septicogenic (sep-tik-o-jen'-ik) [septic; yewdv, 
 to produce]. Applied to a group of micro- 
 organisms established by Cohn producing 
 ordinary putrefaction as distinguished from 
 that which produces disease. Cf. Patho- 
 genic. 
 
 Septicophlebitis (sep-tik-o-fleb-i'-tis). Phlebi- 
 tis due to toxemia. 
 
 Septicopyemia {sep-tik-o-pi-e'-me-ah) [septice- 
 mia; pyemia]. Combined septicemia and 
 pyemia. S., Primary, that in which the 
 general infection is produced by the same 
 bacteria as those causing the primary lesion. 
 S., Secondary, that in which the general 
 infection is due to other bacteria than those 
 causing the primary lesion. 
 
 Septimetritis (sep-ti-met-ri'-tis). Metritis due 
 to septic poisoning. 
 
 Septimipara, Septipara {sep-tim-ip'-ar-ah, sep- 
 tip f -ar-ah) [septimus, seventh; parere, to 
 bear]. A woman who has been in labor for 
 the seventh time. 
 
 Septivalent (sep-tiv'-al-ent) [septem, seven; 
 valere, to be worth]. Having an atomicity 
 of seven. 
 
 Septoforma {sep-to-form'-ah). A condensa- 
 tion-product of formaldehyd dissolved in 
 
 an alcoholic solution of linseed-oil potassium 
 soap. It is used as an antiseptic and anti- 
 parasitic in veterinary practice. 
 Septomarginal (sep-to-mar'-jin-al). Relating 
 to the margin of a septum. 
 Septometer (sep - torn'- et- er) 
 [septum; [xhpov, a measure]. 
 1. An instrument for deter- 
 mining the thickness of the 
 nasal septum. 2. [sepsis.] 
 An apparatus for deter- 
 mining organic impurities 
 in the air. 
 Septopyemia, Septopyaemia 
 (sep-to- pi-e'-me -ah). See 
 Septicopyemia. 
 Septulum {sep'-tu-lum). 
 Diminutive of septum 
 (q. v.). Septula fibrosa, 
 fibrous trabeculas extend- 
 ing from the deep fascia of 
 the penis into the corpus 
 cavernosus. Septula inter- 
 alveolaria, the septa divid- 
 ing the alveoli of the lungs. 
 Septula medullaria, pro- 
 cesses radiating from the 
 periphery of the gray sub- 
 stance of the spinal cord 
 into the white substance. 
 Septula renum. See Co- 
 lumbia bertini. 
 Septum {sep' -turn) [sepire, 
 to hem in]. A partition; a 
 division-wall. S ae p t u m 
 atriorum, S. atrium, S. 
 auricularum, the septum 
 between the right and left auricles of the 
 heart. S., Bigelow's, the calcar femorale, 
 an early vertical spur of compact tissue 
 in the neck of the femur, a little in front 
 of the lesser trochanter. Saeptum crurale, 
 the layer of areolar tissue closing the 
 
 Septometer. 
 
 femoral ring. S., Douglas' 
 
 the fetus 
 
 the septum formed by the union of Rathke's 
 folds transforming the rectum into a com- 
 plete canal. Saeptum lucidum, a thin, trans- 
 lucent septum forming the internal bound- 
 ary of the lateral ventricles of the brain and 
 inclosing between its two laminas the fifth 
 ventricle. S., Nasal, the septum between the 
 two nasal cavities. S., Pectiniform, that be- 
 tween the corpora cavernosa of the penis. 
 Saeptum pellucidum. See S. lucidum. S. 
 of the Pons, the median raphe of the pons 
 formed by the decussation of nerve-fibers. 
 S., Rectovaginal, the tissue forming the 
 partition between the rectum and the 
 vagina. Saeptum scalae, lamina spiralis. 
 Saeptum thoracis. See Mediastinum. Saep- 
 tum trans versum. 1. The diaphragm. 2. 
 The tentorium cerebelli. S., Triangular 
 Medullary. See S. lucidum. S., Ventricular. 
 1. Same as 5. lucidum. 2. Same as S. ven- 
 triculorum. Saeptum ventriculorum, the 
 septum between the two ventricles of the 
 heart. 
 
SEPTUPLET 
 
 870 
 
 SEROUS 
 
 Septuplet {sep'-tu-plet) [septem, seven]. One of 
 seven offspring born from a single gesta- 
 tion. 
 
 Sequardin {sa-kwar'-din). A sterilized testicu- 
 lar extract (Brown-Sequard). 
 
 Sequel, Sequela (se'-kwel, se-kwe'-lah) [sequi, to 
 follow]. A diseased or abnormal condition 
 following an attack of a disease, and directly or 
 indirectly dependent upon it. 
 
 Sequestration {se-kwes-tra' 'shun) [sequestrum], 
 i. The formation of a sequestrum. 2. The 
 isolation of persons suffering from disease 
 for purposes of treatment or of protecting 
 others. 
 
 Sequestrectomy {se-kwes-trek'-to-me). See Se- 
 questrotomy. 
 
 Sequestrotomy {se-kwes-trot'-o-me) [sequestrum; 
 rofiTj, a cutting]. The operation of removing 
 a sequestrum. 
 
 Sequestrum {se-kwes'-trum) [sequestrare, to sep- 
 arate]. A dead piece of bone that has be- 
 come separated from the living bone. 
 
 Seralbumin {se' ' -ral-bu-miri) [serum; albumin]. 
 Serum-albumin, the albumin found in the 
 blood. 
 
 Sereh Disease. A disease of sugar-cane of 
 West Indies and South America due to 
 Hypocrea sacchari. 
 
 Serenoa {ser-e-no 1 '-ah) [Sereno Watson, Ameri- 
 can botanist]. A genus of palms of one 
 species, 5. serrulata, the saw-palmetto of 
 North and South America. The fruit is 
 diuretic and sedative and used in diseases of 
 the genitourinary tract. Dose of extract 8-20 
 gr. (0.52-1.3 Gm.); of the fluidextract 57-114 
 min. (3.7-7.4 Cc). 
 
 Serial {se'-re-al) [series, a succession]. Fol- 
 lowing in regular order; occurring in rows. 
 S. Sections, microscopic sections made in 
 consecutive order and arranged in the same 
 manner. 
 
 Seribele {sa-re-bal). A teniafuge said to con- 
 sist of the seeds and root bark of Connarus 
 guianensis. Dose 2 oz. (60 Gm.) in decoc- 
 tion. 
 
 Sericeps (ser'-is-eps) [or\piK.bc, silken; forceps], 
 A device made of loops of ribbon, used in 
 place of the forceps in making traction upon 
 the fetal head. 
 
 Sero- {se-ro-) [serum]. A prefix meaning re- 
 lating to serum or serous. 
 
 Sero chrome {se'-ro-krom) [sero-; %pu)fia, 
 color]. Gilbert's name for the pigments 
 (lipochrome, lutein) which serve to give color 
 to normal serum. 
 
 Sero colitis {se-ro-ko-W -tis) . Inflammation of 
 the serous covering of the colon. 
 
 Sero cyst {se'-ro-sist). A tumor containing 
 cysts filled with serum. 
 
 Serocystic {se-ro- sis' '-tik) [sero-; kuoxcc, a 
 bladder]. Composed of cysts filled with a 
 serous fluid. 
 
 Serodermitis {se-ro-der-mi' -tis) [sero-; dermitis]. 
 An inflammatory skin affection attended with 
 serous effusion. 
 
 Serodiagnosis {se-ro-di-ag-no'-sis). Diagnosis 
 based upon the reaction of blood-serum of 
 
 typhoid-fever patients upon cultures of 
 Bacillus typhi abdominalis, which are im- 
 mobilized, agglutinated, and split up. Cf. 
 Widal's Reaction. 
 
 Seroenteritis {se-ro-en-ter-i' -tis) . Inflammation 
 of the serous covering of the small intestine. 
 
 Serofibrinous {se-ro- fi'-brin-us) [sero-; fibrin]. 
 1. Composed of serum and fibrin, e. g., a 
 serofibrinous exudate. 2. Characterized by 
 the production of a serofibrinous exudate, 
 as a serofibrinous inflammation. 
 
 Seroformalin {se-ro-form'-al-in). A prepara- 
 tion of dried coagulated blood-serum and 
 formalin; used as an antiseptic dusting- 
 powder. 
 
 Seroglobulin {se-ro- glob' -u-lin) . See Paraglob- 
 ulin. 
 
 Serohepatitis {se-ro-hep-at-i' -tis) [sero-; hepat- 
 itis]. Inflammation of the hepatic perito- 
 neum. 
 
 Seroid {se'-roid) [sero-; eldoc, likeness]. Re- 
 sembling a serous membrane. 
 
 Serolemma {se-ro-lem'-ah) [sero-; lkp.p.a, a 
 husk; a peel]. The embryonic external 
 layer of the amnion. 
 
 Serolin {se'-ro-lin) [sero-; oleum, oil]. A 
 neutral fatty constituent of blood, occurring in 
 small amount; its nature is undetermined. 
 
 Serolipase {se-ro-lip'-dz). Lipase as found in 
 blood-serum. 
 
 Seromembranous {se-ro-mem'-bran-us). Serous 
 and membranous. 
 
 Seromucous {se-ro-mu'-lzus). Having the na- 
 ture of or containing both serum and mucus. 
 
 Seropurulent {se-ro-pu' -ru-lent) [sero-; puru- 
 lent]. Composed of serum and pus, as a 
 seropurulent exudate. 
 
 Seropus {se'-ro-pus) [sero-; pus]. A fluid con- 
 sisting of serum and pus. 
 
 Serosa {se-ro'-sah) [serous; membrana, under- 
 stood]. A serous membrane. 
 
 Seroserous {se-ro-se'-rus) [serous]. Pertaining 
 jointly to two serous surfaces. 
 
 Serosine {se'-ro-sen). A proprietary anti- 
 pyretic and antiseptic. 
 
 Serositis {se-ro-si'-tis). Inflammation of a 
 serous membrane. 
 
 Serosynovitis {se-ro-si-no-vi'-tis) [sero-; synovi- 
 tis]. A synovitis accompanied by an increase 
 of the synovial fluid. 
 
 Serotaxis {se-ro-taks'-is) [sero-; za^cc, ar- 
 rangement]. In diagnosis the determination 
 of the blood to the skin by application of a 
 solution of caustic potash. 
 
 Serotherapy {se-ro-ther' -ap-e) [sero-; therapy]. 
 1. The treatment of disease by means of the 
 blood-serum of animals or individuals that 
 are immune to or convalescent from an in- 
 fectious disease. 2. Whey cure. 
 
 Serotina {ser-o-ti f -nah). See Decidua serotina. 
 
 Serous {se'-rus) [serum]. 1. Pertaining to, 
 characterized by, or resembling serum. 2. 
 Producing serum, as a serous gland; contain- 
 ing serum, as a serous cyst. S. Cavity, a 
 large lymph-space. S. Effusion, an effusion 
 of serum. S. Exudate, an exudate consist- 
 ing largely of serum. S. Inflammation, 
 
SERPEDO 
 
 871 
 
 SERUM 
 
 an inflammation characterized by the forma- 
 tion of a serous exudate. S. Membrane. 
 See Membrane. 
 
 Serpedo (ser-pe'-do) [serpere, to creep]. Same 
 as Psoriasis. 
 
 Serpens (ser'-penz) [L.]. Creeping. 
 
 Serpentaria (ser-pen-ta' -re-ah) [L.]. Virginia 
 snakeroot, the root of several species of 
 Aristolochia, of the order Aristolochiacece. 
 The rhizome and rootlets of Aristolochia ser- 
 pentaria and Aristolochia reticulata constitute 
 the serpentaria: of the U. S. P. {serpentarice 
 rhizoma, B. P.). Serpentaria contains a 
 volatile oil, a bitter principle, and a nitrogen- 
 ous principle called aristolochin. It is a 
 stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic, and diuretic, 
 and is used in the eruptive fevers to bring 
 out the eruption, in intermittent fever, and in 
 dyspepsia. S., Fluidextract of (fluidex- 
 tr actum serpentaria, U. S. P.). Dose 20-30 
 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). S., Infusion of (infusum 
 serpentarice, B. P.). Dose 1 oz. (32 Cc). 
 S., Tincture of (tinctura serpentarice, U. S. P., 
 B. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 
 Serpentine (ser' '-pen-tin) [serpens, serpent]. 
 Sinuous; snake-like. 
 
 Serpes (ser'-pez) [serpere, to creep]. Herpes. 
 
 Serpiginous (ser-pi'f-in-us) [serpiginosus, from 
 serpere, to creep]. Creeping. S. Ulcer, one 
 that extends in one direction while healing in 
 another. 
 
 Serpigo (ser-pi'-go) [L.]. Ringworm. 
 
 Serrate, Serrated (ser' -at, ser'-a-ted) [serra, 
 a saw]. Provided with sharp projections like 
 the teeth of a saw. 
 
 Serration (ser -a' -shun) [see Serrate]. The 
 state or condition of being serrate. 
 
 Serratus (ser-a'-tus) [L.]. Serrated; applied 
 to muscles arising or inserted by a series of 
 processes resembling the teeth of a saw. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Serre-fine (sdr-fen) [Fr.]. A small spring- 
 forceps for seizing and compressing bleeding 
 vessels. 
 
 Serre-nceud [Fr.]. An instrument used for 
 drawing tight a ligature thrown around a 
 part, as around the pedicle of a tumor. 
 
 Serres' Glands. Pearl-like masses frequently 
 seen in the infant near the gum and resulting 
 from the fragmentation of the dental epithe- 
 lium. They may give rise to cysts or other 
 abnormal growths. 
 
 Serrulate (ser'-u-lat) [serrula, dim. of serra, 
 sl saw]. Minutely notched or serrated. 
 
 Sertoli's Cells, S.'s Columns. The support- 
 ing cells of the seminiferous tubules, arranged 
 radially on the membrana propria, and form- 
 ing long columns between the spermato- 
 blasts. 
 
 Serum (se'-rum) [L.]. 1. The clear, yellowish 
 fluid separating from the blood after the 
 coagulation of the fibrin. 2. Any clear fluid 
 resembling the serum of the blood. S., 
 Adamkiewicz's. See Cancroin. S. -albu- 
 min, the albumin found in the blood-serum 
 and other animal fluids. S., Anticancer- 
 ous, a serum provided by the inoculation of 
 
 an ass previously infected with the filtered 
 juice of a neoplastic tumor. S., Antidiph- 
 theric (serum antidiphthericum, U. S. P.), 
 one prepared by (1) the production of diph- 
 theric toxin by means of bouillon cultures; 
 (2) the immunization of horses, and (3) the 
 collection and separation of the blood-serum 
 from the immunized animals. If 1 Cc of 
 this serum suffices to protect perfectly a 
 guineapig against a fatal dose of the toxin, and 
 without even the occurrence of a localized 
 reaction at the site of the injection, the serum 
 is said to contain one immunizing unit in the 
 cubic centimeter; if 0.1 Cc. suffices, it has 
 10 units; if 0.0 1 Cc, it has 100 units per 
 cubic centimeter. In Germany the least al- 
 lowed by law is 100 units. S., Antiepithe- 
 liomatous, one obtained from animals by 
 inoculation with cultures of pathogenic yeasts 
 isolated from cancerous tumors. Syn., Serum- 
 of Hoffmann and of Villiers and Wlaeff. S., 
 Antimorphin, a resistance substance confer- 
 ring immunity to the action of morphin poi- 
 son, obtained by L. Hirschlaff from animals 
 treated with increasing doses of morphin. S., 
 Antiscarlatinal. See S., v. Leyden's, and 
 S., Mosefs. S., Antistaphylococcic, S., 
 Antistaphylococcous, a serum produced in 
 the goat by Proscher that will immunize 
 rabbits against from 5 to 7 times the lethal 
 dose of culture of staphylococcus when used 
 in doses of 1-5 Cc S., Antistreptococcic, 
 S., Antistreptococcous. 1. A specific se- 
 rum obtained by Piorkowski against the strep- 
 tococcus, which causes the disease called 
 Pferdedruse, a contagious, catarrhal affec- 
 tion of the nasal and pharyngeal mem- 
 branes of horses. The serum has protective 
 and curative properties. It agglutinates the 
 specific streptococcus in dilutions of 1 : 100, 
 the streptococcus of angina but slightly or not 
 at all, and other pathogenic species in dilutions 
 of less than 1 : 25. Piorkowski concludes 
 that there are specific races of streptococci, 
 and that success in the use of an antistrepto- 
 coccous serum will be obtained only when an 
 antiserum for the specific organism found in 
 the particular group of cases is used. 2. See 
 S., Mosefs. S., Antitoxic, that which acts 
 upon the bacterial toxins and is not bacterici- 
 dal. S., Antityphoid, a sterilized culture 
 of typhoid bacilli used by vaccination as a 
 prophylaxis against typhoid. Cf. Jet's anti- 
 typhoid extract. S., Antivenomous. See 
 Antivenin. S., Bactericidal, that which de- 
 stroys bacteria but has no effect upon toxins. 
 S., Bardel's, sodium chlorid, 1 Gm.; phenol, 
 0.5 Gm. ; sodium phosphate, 3 Gm.; sodium 
 sulfate, 2 Gm.; water, to 100 Cc S., 
 Behring's, S. of Behring-Roux. See S., 
 Antidiphtheric. S., Bichlorureted, of Che- 
 ron, mercury bichlorid, 0.5 eg. ; sodium chlorid, 
 2 Gm.; distilled water, 200 Cc; crystallized 
 phenol added when the serum is quite cold, 
 2 Gm. Dose 300 gr. (20 Gm.) injected into 
 the • gluteal region every eight days for syph- 
 ilis. S., Calmette's. See Antivenin. S., 
 
SERUM 
 
 872 
 
 SESAMOID 
 
 Cancer, i. Cancer-juice. 2. SeeCancroin. 
 S., Cantani's, sodium chlorid, 4 Gm.; 
 sodium carbonate, 3 Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. 
 S.-casein, Panum's name for paraglobulin. 
 S., Cerebrospinal, cerebrospinal fluid. S., 
 Cheron's, phenol, 1 Gm.; sodium chlorid, 
 2 Gm.; sodium phosphate, 4 Gm.; sodium 
 sulfate, 8 Gm. ; boiled distilled water, 100 
 Cc. S., Clumping, a serum capable of 
 producing agglutination of bacteria. S., 
 Crocq's, sodium phosphate, 2 Gm. ; distilled 
 water, 100 Cc. S. -diagnosis. See Sero- 
 diagnosis. S., Globulicidal, a hemolytic 
 serum. S. -globulin. See Paraglobulin. S., 
 Haffkine's, a sterilized culture of cholera 
 bacilli for conferring immunity against 
 cholera. See Haffkine's Method under Im- 
 munization. S., Haffkine's Prophylactic, 
 a serum obtained by heating a virulent cul- 
 ture of plague bacilli to 70 C. It is 
 used as a prophylactic against cholera. 
 S., Hayem's. 1. Sodium chlorid, 5 Gm.; 
 sodium sulfate, 10 Gm.; sterilized water, 1 
 liter. 2. Sodium chlorid, 7.5 Gm.; sterilized 
 water, 1000 Cc. Syn., Physiologic serum. 
 S. of Hoffmann. See S., Antiepitheliomat- 
 ous. S., Huchard's, sodium phosphate, 10 
 Gm. ; sodium chlorid, 5 Gm. ; sodium sulfate, 
 2.5 Gm. ; distilled water, to 100 Cc. S., 
 Huchard's Concentrated, sodium chlorid, 
 5 Gm.; sodium phosphate, 10 Gm. ; sodium 
 sulfate, 2.5 Gm.; phenol, 1.5 Gm.; water, 
 100 Cc. S., Jequiritol, an antitoxin prepared 
 on the principle of Behring's method, which 
 has the power of rapidly and surely paralyzing 
 the effects of jequiritol in the human system 
 when applied locally in the conjunctival sac 
 and when injected subcutaneously. S., 
 Kronecker and Lichtenstein's, sodium 
 chlorid, from 6 to 7.5 Gm.; sodium carbonate, 
 0.1 Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. S. lactis, whey. 
 S., Latta's, sodium chlorid, from 3 to 5 Gm.; 
 sodium carbonate, 1.7 Gm.; water, 3400 Cc. 
 S., Leclerc's (very strong), sodium chlorid, 
 4 Gm.; sodium phosphate, sodium sulfate, 
 of each, 0.5 Gm.; boiled distilled water, 100 
 Cc. S., Leukotoxic, one which destroys 
 the leukocytes. S., v. Leyden's, blood-serum 
 taken from convalescent scarlatina patients. 
 Cf. S. y Moser's. S., Luton's, crystallized 
 sodium phosphate, 5 Gm.; sodium sulfate, 
 10 Gm.; boiled distilled water, 100 Cc. S., 
 Maragliano's, an antituberculous serum ob- 
 tained from an ass or horse treated with re- 
 peated injections of tuberculous toxin. S., 
 Marmorek's, a polyvalent serum obtained by 
 the inoculation of animals with streptococci 
 of various origin. S., Mathieu's, sodium 
 sulfate, 6 Gm.; sodium phosphate, 4 Gm.; 
 sodium chlorid, 1 Gm.; glycerol, 20 Gm.; 
 distilled water, to 100 Cc. S., Moser's 
 
 (Paul), an antistreptococcous serum obtained 
 by simultaneous inoculation of horses with 
 several varieties of streptococci taken from the 
 blood of scarlatina patients. S., Neuro- 
 toxic, one which acts directly upon the nerve- 
 tissues. S., Normal, that of which 0.1 Cc. 
 
 neutralizes 10 times the minimal lethal dose 
 of a specific bacterial poison. S., Paquin's, 
 an antitoxic serum of tuberculosis produced 
 by successive inoculation of horses. It is 
 injected in daily doses of from 10 to 150 
 drops. S., Parascandolo's, an immunizing 
 serum produced by inoculation of animals 
 with mixed cultures of streptococci and 
 staphylococci. S., Physiologic. See S., 
 Hayem's (2). S.s, Polyvalent, serums de- 
 rived from animals infected by a number of 
 different streptococci. S., Protective, any 
 immunizing serum. Cf. S., Haffkine's. S., 
 Renzi's, iodin, 1 Gm.; potassium iodid, 3 
 Gm.; sodium chlorid, 6 Gm.; water, 1000 
 Cc. S., Richet and Hericourt's. See 
 S., Anticancer ous. S., Roussel's, sodium 
 phosphate, 50 Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. S., 
 Roux's. See S., Antidiphtheric. S., Sapel- 
 lier's, sodium chlorid, 60 Gm.; potassium 
 chlorid, 5 Gm.; sodium carbonate, 31 Gm.; 
 sodium phosphate, 4.5 Gm.; potassium sul- 
 fate, 3.5 Gm.; boiled water, 100 Cc. S., 
 Schiess's, sodium chlorid, 75 Gm.; sodium 
 bicarbonate, 50 Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. S., 
 Schwartz's, sodium chlorid, 6 Gm.; solution 
 of caustic soda, 2 drops; water, 1000 Gm. 
 S., Sclavo's, cultures of pneumococci in egg- 
 albumen. S., Seraphthin, a proprietary 
 prophylactic against foot-and-mouth disease. 
 S. sublimatum, one part of corrosive sub- 
 limate to from" 50 to 100 parts of serum. It 
 is used subcutaneously as an antiseptic and 
 for impregnating bandages. S., Sydmann's, 
 sodium chlorid, 6 Gm. ; sodium bicarbonate, 
 1 Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. S. of Tizzoni and 
 Cattani, obtained by evaporating in a vacuum 
 the serum of an immunized horse. Each 
 gram of the powdered residue corresponds 
 to 10 Cc. of the serum. S., Trunecek's, 
 for the treatment of symptoms caused by 
 arteriosclerosis: sodium chlorid, 4.92 Gm.; 
 sodium sulfate, 0.44 Gm. ; sodium carbonate, 
 0.21 Gm.; potassium sulfate, 0.4 Gm.; 
 sodium phosphate, 0.15 Gm. This is given 
 in hypodermatic injections of 1 Cc. every 
 3 or 4 days, increasing to 5 to 7 Cc, or in 
 rectal injections of 35 Cc. S.-unit. See 
 Unit. S., Vandervelde's. 1. Sodium glyce- 
 rophosphate, sodium chlorid, of each, 3 Gm.; 
 water, 1000 Cc. 2. Sodium chlorid, potas- 
 sium chlorid, of each, 3 Gm.; sodium car- 
 bonate, 2.5 Gm.; sodium phosphate, 3 Gm.; 
 potassium sulfate, 2 Gm.; water, to 100 Cc. 
 S. of Villiers and Wlaeff. See S., Anti- 
 epitheliomatous. S. of Wlaeff. See S., 
 •Antiepitheliomatous. S., Yersin's, serum 
 of a horse immunized by intravenous injec- 
 tion of a virulent culture of the plague 
 bacillus. 
 
 Serumal (se'-ru-mal). Relating to serum. 
 S. Calculus, a calculus formed about the 
 teeth by exudation from diseased gums. 
 
 Sesame \ses'-am-e). See Sesamum. S. Oil. 
 See Sesamum, Oil of. 
 
 Sesamoid (ses' '-am-oid) [sesame; eldoc, like]. 
 Resembling a sesame-seed. S. Bone, a 
 
SESAMUM 
 
 873 
 
 SHINGLES 
 
 small bone developed in a tendon subjected 
 to much pressure. 
 
 Sesamum (scs'-am-um) [arjaaptov, sesame]. A 
 genus of plants of the order Pedalinece. S. indi- 
 cum and >S. orientate yield a bland, sweetish oil. 
 S., Oil of {oleum sesami), sesame oil, employed 
 like olive-oil. Syn., Benne oil; Teel oil. 
 
 Sesqui- (ses-kwe-) [L.]. A prefix denoting one 
 and one-half. 
 
 Sesquih. Abbreviation of sesquihora, an hour 
 and a half. 
 
 Sesquioxid {ses-kwe-oks' -id) [sesqui-; osuf , acid]. 
 A compound of oxygen and another element, 
 containing three parts of oxygen to two of the 
 other element. 
 
 Sesquisalt (ses'-kwe-saii'lt) [sesqui-; salt]. A 
 salt containing one and one-half times as 
 much of the acid as of the radicle or base. 
 
 Sessile (ses'-il) [sessilis, from sedere, to sit]. 
 Attached by a broad base; not pedunculated, 
 as a sessile tumor. 
 
 Sesunc. Abbreviation of sesuncia, an ounce 
 and a half. 
 
 Set [ME., setten]. i. To reduce the displace- 
 ment in a fracture and apply suitable band- 
 ages. 2. To harden; to solidify — as a cement 
 or amalgam. 
 
 Seta.ria.' (se-ta'-re-ah) [seta, a bristle]. A genus 
 of grasses including millet, S. italica. 
 
 Setarin (se-ta'-rin). A toxic glucosid isolated 
 by E. F. Ladd, 1899, from millet, Setaria 
 italica. 
 
 Seton (se'-ton) [seta, a bristle]. 1. A thread 
 or skein of threads drawn through a fold of 
 the skin, so as to produce a fistulous tract; 
 it is used as a counterirritant. 2. The tract 
 thus produced. 
 
 Setose (se'-toz). Beset with bristle-like appen- 
 
 Setschenow's Inhibitory Center (setch'-en- 
 
 of). A cerebral center for the inhibition 
 
 of reflex movements, situated in the corpora 
 
 quadrigemina and the medulla oblongata. 
 Seven -day Fever. Relapsing fever. 
 Seviparous (se-vip'-ar-us) [sevum; parere, to 
 
 produce]. Sebiferous; fat-producing. 
 Sevum (se'-vum) [L.]. Suet. S. praeparatum, 
 
 the prepared suet of the U. S. P. 
 Sewer-gas. The mixture of gases emanating 
 
 from sewers. * 
 
 Sewing Spasm. See Seamstress's Cramp. 
 Sextan (seks'-tan) [sex, six]. Occurring every 
 
 sixth dav, as a sextan fever. 
 Sextipara (seks-tip'-ar-ah) [sextus, sixth; parere, 
 
 to produce]. A woman in labor for the sixth 
 
 time. 
 Sextuplet {seks-tu f -plet) [sex, six]. One of six 
 
 offspring of a single gestation. 
 Sexual {seks'-u-al) [sexus, sex]. Pertaining to 
 
 or characteristic of sex, as the sexual organs. 
 
 S. Involution, the menopause. 
 Sexvalent (seks 1 '-val-ent) [sex, six; valere, to 
 
 be worth]. Having an atomicity of six as 
 
 compared with that of hydrogen. 
 Shadowgram. See Rays, Roentgen-, 
 Shadow -test. See Skiascopy. 
 Shakes (shaks). See Ague. 
 
 Shaking Palsy. See Paralysis agitans. 
 
 Share-bone. The os pubis. 
 
 Sharpey's Intercrossing Fibers. The col- 
 lagenous fibers forming the lamellas which 
 constitute the walls of the haversian canals 
 in bone; same as osteogenic fibers. S.'s 
 Perforating Fibers, calcined white or elas- 
 tic fibers which connect the lamellas in the 
 walls of the haversian canals. 
 
 Shaven -rbeard Appearance. A peculiar ap- 
 pearance of the agminated glands of the 
 intestine in typhoid fever, resembling that of 
 a recently shaven beard. 
 
 Sheath (sheth) [ME., schethe]. A covering. 
 S., Crural, the femoral sheath. See Femoral 
 Sheath. S., Dural, a strong fibrous mem- 
 brane forming the external investment of 
 the optic nerve. See Dura. S. of Henle. 
 
 1. An attenuated extension of the perineum 
 investing the fibers composing funiculi of a 
 nerve-trunk; it consists of a delicate fibrous 
 envelop lined with endothelial plates, which 
 in some cases alone represent the entire sheath. 
 
 2. The cellular layer forming the outer por- 
 tion of the inner root-sheath of the hair. S., 
 Medullary, the myelin-sheath surrounding 
 the axis-cylinder. S., Neural. See S., 
 Medullary. S. of the Optic Nerve. See 
 S., Dural. S., Pial, the investment of the 
 optic nerve derived from the pia. S., Primi- 
 tive, S. of Schwann. See Neurilemma. S. 
 of Rectus, that formed by the aponeuroses 
 of the external and internal oblique muscles 
 and the transversalis. S., Schwalbe's, the 
 delicate sheath which covers elastic fibers. 
 
 Sheep -pox. A contagious pustular disease of 
 sheep similar to cow-pox. 
 
 Sheldon's Method of Hemostasis in Dis- 
 articulation of the Kip-joint. Consists in 
 a preliminary disarticulation of the head 
 of the femur, followed by the introduc- 
 tion of the artery forceps into the wound be- 
 hind the femur and clamping of the femoral 
 vessels. 
 
 Shepherd's Fracture. A fracture of the outer 
 portion of the astragalus. 
 
 Sherrington's Law. The peripheral branches 
 of the spinal nerve-roots — anterior and pos- 
 terior — form anastomoses in such a manner 
 as to supply any given region of the integu- 
 ment with the branches of three roots — a 
 middle one and the ones next above and 
 below. 
 
 Shield (sheld) [ME., sheeld]. 1. A protec- 
 tive structure or apparatus. 2. In biology, 
 a protective plate, scute, lorica, or carapace. 
 S., Antithermic, a protective covering of 
 the cautery to prevent destruction of the 
 tissues about the field of operation. S. Eone, 
 the scapula. S., Nipple-, a protective cover- 
 ing for sore nipples. S. -shaped, shaped 
 like a buckler or shield. S., Sims', an in- 
 strument used in the application of wire su- 
 tures. 
 
 Shin [AS., scina]. The sharp anterior margin 
 of the tibia. S.-bone, the tibia. 
 
 Shingles (shing'-gles). Herpes zoster. 
 
SHIP-FEVER 
 
 874 
 
 SIALORRHEA 
 
 Ship -fever. Typhus fever. 
 
 Shiver {shiv'-er) [ME., chiveren, to shiver]. A 
 slight tremor or shaking of the body due to 
 cold, etc. 
 
 Shock [Fr., shoe]. i. A sudden grave de 
 pression of the system produced by opera- 
 tions, accidents, or strong emotion. It is due 
 to a profound influence on the nervous system. 
 If not fatal, it is followed by a stage of reac- 
 tion. 2. The agent causing a general or local 
 depression, as an electric shock. 
 
 Shoddy Fever. A diseased condition caused 
 by the inhalation of the dust in shoddy facto- 
 ries; it is characterized by feverishness, head- 
 ache, nausea, dryness of the mouth, dyspnea, 
 cough, and expectoration. 
 
 Shoemaker's Spasm. An occupation-neuro- 
 sis, analogous to writer's cramp, occurring in 
 shoemakers. 
 
 Short Circuit. One in which an electric cur- 
 rent encounters an abnormally small resist- 
 ance. S. -circuiting, a modification of Nek- 
 ton's operation for intestinal obstruction 
 consisting either in lateral approximation 
 and union or lateral implantation. S. -sight, 
 S.-sightedness, myopia. S.-windedness, 
 dyspnea. 
 
 Shoulder (shol'-der) [AS., sculder]. The region 
 where the arm joins the trunk, formed by 
 the meeting of the clavicle and the scapula 
 and the overlying soft parts. S. -blade, 
 the scapula. S. -girdle. See Girdle, Shoulder-. 
 
 dislocated shoulder. S. -wrench, a sprain 
 or dislocation of the shoulder. 
 
 Diagrammatic Section of Shoulder through Bicipi- 
 tal Groove. — (W. A.) 
 
 i. Deltoid. 2. Acromion. 3. Subacromial bursa. 4. 
 Glenoid ligament. 5. Capsule of shoulder- joint. 6. 
 Glenoid cavity. 7. Long tendon of biceps. 8. Glen- 
 oid ligament. 9. Synovial membrane lining capsule 
 and ensheathing biceps tendon. 10. Inner fold of 
 capsule and synovial membrane, n. Extraarticular 
 portion of biceps tendon. 12. Humerus. 
 
 S., Noisy, of R. H. Sayre, a grating of the 
 muscles over the scapula on moving the shoul- 
 der up and down, believed to be due to a 
 snapping tendon between or a bursa beneath 
 the scapula. S., Slipped, S., Splayed, a 
 
 Ligaments of the Scapula and Shoulder-joint. — 
 (Wilson.) 
 
 1. Superior acromioclavicular ligament. 2. Coracoclavic- 
 ular ligament (trapezoid). 3. Coracoclavicular liga- 
 ment (conoid). 4. Coracoacromial ligament. 5. 
 Transverse ligament. 6. Capsular ligament. 7. 
 Coracohumeral ligament. 8. The long tendon of the 
 biceps issuing from the capsular ligament and enter- 
 ing the bicipital groove. 9. Extracapsular portion of 
 shoulder-socket, formed by under surface of acro- 
 mion and coracoacromial ligament. 
 
 Show (sho) [AS., sceawian, to look]. 1. A 
 bloody discharge from the birth-canal prior 
 to labor. 2. The first appearance of a men- 
 strual flow. 
 
 Shrapnell's Membrane. See Membrane, 
 ShrapnelVs. 
 
 Shucks. A strong tea of corn-shucks, used as 
 a remedy for chronic malaria in the southern 
 United States. 
 
 Shuttle-bone. The scaphoid bone. 
 
 Si. A symbol for silicon. 
 
 Sialagog (si-al'-a-gog). See Sialogog. 
 
 Sialemesis {si-al-em-e' -sis) [o'caXov, _ spittle; 
 emesis]. The hysteric vomiting of saliva. 
 
 Sialic, Sialine (si-al'-ik, si'-al-en) [sialon]. 
 Having the nature of saliva. 
 
 Sialoductitis, Sialoductitis (si-al-o-duk-til- 
 i'-tis, si-al-o-duk-ti'-tis). Inflammation of 
 
 Stenson's duct. 
 
 Sialogenous (si-al-oj'-en-us) [sialon; yzvvav, 
 to produce]. Generating saliva. 
 
 Sialogog {si-al'-o-gog) [sialon; ayinybs, lead- 
 ing]. 1. Producing a flow of saliva. 2. A 
 drug producing a flow of saliva. 
 
 Sialon {si'-al-on). Saliva. 
 
 Sialorrhea (si-aUor-e'-ah) [sialon; pola, a flow]. 
 Salivation. S., Pancreatic, a flow of pan- 
 creatic juice. 
 
SIALOSEMEIOLO GY 
 
 875 
 
 SlEMERLING'S NUCLEUS 
 
 Sialosemeiology (si-al-o-se-mi-ol'-o-je) [sialon; 
 semeiology]. Diagnosis based upon examina- 
 tion of the saliva. 
 
 Sibbens (sib'-enz) [Gael., subhan, raspberries]. 
 A disease formerly endemic in the Scotch 
 highlands, and by some identified with syph- 
 ilis, by others with yaws. 
 
 Sibilant {sib' -il-ant) [sibilare, to hiss]. Hissing 
 or whistling, as a sibilant rale. 
 
 Sibilus {sib'-il-us) [sibilare, to hiss]. A sibilant 
 rale. 
 
 Sibson's Aortic Vestibule. The chamber 
 formed by the left ventricle just below the 
 aortic orifice for the reception of the semilunar 
 valves during diastole. S.'s Groove, a fur- 
 row formed in some individuals by a promi- 
 nence of the lower border of the pectoralis 
 major. S.'s Notch, the inward curve of the 
 upper left border of precordial dulness in 
 acute pericardial effusion. 
 
 Siccant, Siccative {sik'-ant, sik'-at-iv) [siccare, 
 to dry]. i. Drying; tending to make dry. 
 2. A drying agent or medicine. 
 
 Sicco (sik'-o). Dried hematogen (q. v.); a 
 black-brown, tasteless powder, soluble in 
 water, indicated in anemia, chlorosis, etc. 
 Dose 75-105 gr. (5-7 Gm.) daily; children 
 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). 
 
 Sick [AS., seoc]. Ill; not well. S. Headache, 
 migraine. 
 
 Sickingia {sik-in' -je-ah) [Count v. Sickingen, 
 of Vienna]. A genus of rubiaceous plants. 
 S. rubra, casca de arariba, is a species found 
 in Brazil and Japan; furnishes arariba bark, 
 used in intermittent fever. It contains the 
 alkaloid aribin and a red coloring-matter. 
 5. viridiflora, casca de arariba branca, of 
 Brazil, furnishes a bark used in malaria. 
 
 Sickness {sik'-nes) [sick]. 1. The state of 
 being unwell. 2. Nausea. S., African 
 Horse-. See Edemamycosis. S., African 
 Sleeping-. See African Lethargy. S., 
 Ceylon, beriberi. S., Country, nostalgia. 
 S., Creeping, chronic ergotism. S., Fall- 
 ing, epilepsy, S., Green, chlorosis. S., 
 Jumping, a form of choromania. See 
 Jumpers. S., Leaguer, typhus. S., Milk, 
 a form of poisoning due to the ingestion 
 of diseased milk or meat. S., Monthly, 
 the menstrual epoch. S., Mountain-, 
 a sensation of nausea, with impeded respira- 
 tion and irregular heart's action, due to the 
 rarefied air of high altitudes. S., Painted. See 
 Pinta Disease. S., Railway. See Car-sick- 
 ness. S., Salt, a condition of starvation due to 
 animals being confined on poor pastures 
 consisting of dry wire grass and other inferior 
 vegetation. S., Sea-. See Sea-sickness. S., 
 Spotted. See Pinta Disease. S., Sweat- 
 ing. See Sweating-sickness. S., Theater, 
 Paul's name for malaise with dyspnea and 
 oppression followed by weak pulse and syn- 
 cope, usually observed in women who have 
 dined hurriedly and reached a crowded theater 
 in a heated condition; frequently a result of 
 eye-strain. See Vertigo, Stomachal. 
 
 Sicopirin, Sicopyrin {sik-o-pi'-riri), C 16 H 12 O s . 
 
 A glucosidal body found by Peckolt in the 
 root-bark of Bowditchia virgiloides. 
 
 Sida {si'-dah) [owrj, a malvaceous plant]. A 
 genus of plants of the order Malvacece. S. 
 paniculata, a species of Peru, is an active 
 vermifuge. Its action is believed to be due 
 to the very minute but resisting bristles which 
 cover its leaves. S. rhombifolia, Queensland 
 hemp, containing a great amount of mucilage, 
 is used in Australia for snake-bite, pulmonary 
 complaints, and in making poultices. 
 
 Side (sid) [ME.]. A lateral half of the body 
 or of any bilateral organ. S.-bone. 1. The 
 hip-bone. 2. The diseased or disordered con- 
 dition in horses which causes the lateral 
 cartilages above the heels to ossify. 3. An 
 abnormal ossification of the lateral elastic 
 cartilage in a horse's foot. S. -chain. See 
 Receptor. S. -chain Theory. See under 
 Lateral and under Immunity. 
 
 Siderant, Siderante {sid'-er-ant, sid-er-an' '-te) 
 [siderari, to be blasted or planet struck]. 
 Characterized by sudden and abrupt onset 
 as though the result of malign astral influences. 
 
 Siderism {sid'-er-izm) [siderites, the lodestone]. 
 The curative influences long supposed to be 
 exerted over the body by the lodestone; the 
 priests of Samothrace drove a thriving trade 
 in magnetized iron rings worn as amulets and 
 cure-alls; they were worn by the worshipers 
 of the Cabiri, afterward by the Roman priests 
 of Jupiter, and in recent times socalled "rheu- 
 matism rings" and magnetic belts and insoles 
 give evidence of the persistence of a belief 
 in siderism. 
 
 Siderophone {sid-er'-o-Jon) [oidypoc, iron ; cf)ajvr] } 
 a sound]. An electric appliance devised by 
 Martin Jannson (1902) as an improvement 
 upon Asmus' sideroscope for detecting the 
 presence of small splinters of iron. 
 
 Sideroscope {sid-er'-o-skop) [a'cd-qpoc, iron; 
 OKonelv, to examine]. An instrument for the 
 detection of particles of iron or steel in the 
 eyes. 
 
 Siderosis {sid-er-o'-sis) [c'cd-qpoc, iron]. 1. A 
 pigmentation by a deposit of particles of iron; 
 specifically, a chronic interstitial pneumonia 
 caused by the inhalation of particles of iron. 
 2. A recognized type of lung disease (pneu- 
 mokoniosis) due to the inhalation of metallic 
 dust. Cf. Anthracosis; Chalicosis; Silicosis. 
 
 Sidonal {si' -don-al) . See Piperazin Quinate. 
 S., New, quinic acid anhydrid, a white, taste- 
 less powder, soluble in water, used as a uric- 
 acid solvent. Dose 75-120 gr. (5-8 Gm.) 
 daily, given in 4 or more doses. 
 
 Siegle's Otoscope, S.'s Speculum. An in- 
 strument consisting of a glass-covered box 
 with a conic projection and a rubber tube 
 attached laterally. When the conic projec- 
 tion is inserted firmly into the external audi- 
 tory canal, and the air is compressed or rare- 
 fied, the movements of the drum-membrane 
 may be observed. It is also used for the 
 purpose of rendering the articulations of the 
 ossicles mobile. 
 
 Siemerling's Nucleus. The anteroventral 
 
SIEUR'S SIGN 
 
 876 
 
 SIGN 
 
 nucleus of the anterior group of oculomotor 
 nuclei in the gray matter below the sylvian 
 aqueduct. 
 
 Sieur's Sign. "Signe du sou." A clear, 
 metallic sound sometimes heard in cases of 
 pleural effusion on percussing the chest in 
 front with two coins and auscultating behind. 
 
 Sieve (siv) [AS., sife]. An apparatus with a 
 reticulated bottom, used for the separation of 
 fine from coarse particles. The gage of the 
 sieve is usually expressed in the number of 
 meshes in a square inch. 
 
 Sigaultian Operation, Sigault's Operation 
 [J. R. Sigault, a French obstetrician]. Sym- 
 physiotomy. 
 
 Sigh (si) [AS., sican, to sigh]. A prolonged 
 and deep inspiration followed by a shorter 
 expiration. Syn., Suspirium. 
 
 Sight (sit) [AS., siht]. The act of seeing; 
 the special sense concerned in seeing. S., 
 Day-, hemeralopia. S., Far-, S., Long, 
 hyperopia. S., Night-, nyctalopia. S., Old, 
 presbyopia. S., Short-, myopia. 
 
 Sigillation (sij-il-a'-shun) [sigillum, a seal]. 
 The mark of a cicatrix. 
 
 Sigmatism (sig'-mat-izm) [see Sigmoid], i. 
 Defective utterance of the sound of 5. 2. The 
 too frequent use of the s sound in speech. 
 
 Sigmoid (sig'-moid) [ocyfxa, the Greek s; sldoc, 
 likeness]. 1. Shaped like the letter S. 2. 
 Pertaining to the sigmoid flexure of the colon, 
 as the sigmoid artery, the sigmoid mesocolon. 
 S. Cavities, two depressions on the head of 
 the ulna; the greater is for articulation with 
 the humerus; the lesser, on the outer side of 
 the coronoid process, is for articulation with 
 the radius. S. Flexure, an S-shaped bend 
 in the colon between the descending portion 
 and the rectum, usually occupying the left 
 iliac fossa. 
 
 Sigmoido- (sig-moi-do-) [sigmoid]. A prefix 
 denoting relation to the sigmoid flexure. 
 
 Sigmoidopexy (sig-moid '-o-peks-e) [sigmoido-; 
 xy&C, a fixing]. An operation for prolapse 
 of the rectum by fixation of the sigmoid 
 flexure. 
 
 Sigmoidoproctostomy (sig-moid-o-proh-tos'- 
 to-me) [sigmoido-; proctostomy]. Anastomosis 
 of the sigmoid flexure of the colon with the 
 rectum. 
 
 Sigmoidoscope (sig-moid '-o-skop) [sigmoido-; 
 OK0Tts.lv, to view]. An appliance for the in- 
 spection of the sigmoid flexure; it differs 
 from the proctoscope in its greater length and 
 diameter. 
 
 Sigmoidoscopy (sig-moid-os f -ko-pe) [see Sig- 
 moidoscope], Visual inspection of the sigmoid 
 flexure with the aid of special instruments. 
 
 Sigmoidostomy (sig-moid-os' -to-me) [sigmoido-; 
 otdfia, mouth]. The formation of an artificial 
 anus in the sigmoid flexure of the c,olon. 
 
 Sign (sin) [signum, a mark]. A mark or evi- 
 dence; in a restricted sense, a physical sign. 
 S., Abadie's, a spasm of the levator palpebral 
 superioris muscle, present in exophthalmic 
 goiter. S., Achilles, the achilles tendon 
 reflex. S.s of Adherent Pericardium. See 
 
 S., Broadbent's, S., Kreyssig's, S., Kussmaul's, 
 S., Sander s\ S., Williams.' S., Ahlf eld's 
 irregular tetanic contractions affecting local- 
 ized areas of the uterus, observed after the 
 third month of pregnancy. S. of Alcohol- 
 ism. See S., Quinquauds. S., Allis's, 
 relaxation of the fascia between the crest of 
 the ilium and the trochanter major, seen in 
 fracture of the neck of the femur. Andral's 
 Decubitus, the position usually assumed in 
 the early stage of pleurisy by the patient, 
 who seeks to alleviate the pain by lying on 
 the sound side. S.s of Anesthesia. See S. f 
 Lehman's. S.s of Aneurysm. See S., Boz- 
 zolo's, S., Cardarelli's, S., Gerhardt's, S., 
 Glasgow's, S., Hope's, S., Perez's, S., San- 
 som's. S. of Angina pectoris. See S., 
 Beaume's. S.s of Aortic Insufficiency. See 
 S., Mailer's, S., Musset's, S., Traube's. Ar- 
 gyll Robertson Pupil, a pupil that acts in 
 accommodation but not to light, disclosed by 
 the usual tests for accommodation and light, 
 and present in locomotor ataxia. Atony, 
 Intestinal. See S., Boas'. S.,Auenbrug- 
 ger's, bulging of the epigastric region in 
 cases of extensive pericardial effusion. S., 
 Aufrecht's, short and feeble breathing heard 
 just above the jugular fossa on placing the 
 stethoscope over the trachea; it is noted in 
 tracheal stenosis. S., Babinski's, diminu- 
 tion or absence of the achilles tendon reflex 
 in true sciatica as distinguished from hysteric 
 sciatica. S., Baccelli's (aphonic pectoril- 
 oquy), reverberation of the whispered voice, 
 heard through the chest-wall; it is elicited 
 by auscultating the whispered voice of the 
 patient through the chest, and is present in 
 pleural effusion. S., Baillarger's, pupillar. 
 inequality in paralytic dementia. S., Bal- 
 let's, ophthalmoplegia externa, characterized 
 by the loss of all voluntary movements of the 
 eyeball, with preservation of the automatic 
 movements and integrity of the movements 
 of the pupil. It is seen in hysteria and ex- 
 ophthalmic goiter. S., Bamberger's, allo- 
 cheiria; perception of a stimulus applied to 
 the skin of one extremity at the corresponding 
 place on the other extremity. S., Bard's, 
 to differentiate between organic and con- 
 genital nystagmus. In the former the oscilla- 
 tions of the eyeball increase when the patient 
 follows the physician's finger moved be^re 
 his eye alternately from right to left and from 
 left to right. In the latter the oscillations 
 disappear under these conditions. S., Bar- 
 eggi's. See Bareggi's Reaction. S., Bar- 
 uch's, the resistance of the rectal temperature 
 to a bath of 75 for 15 minutes, with friction; 
 it is obtained by immersion in a bath of 75 F. 
 in the presence of typhoid fever. S., 
 Beaume's, retrosternal pain in angina pec- 
 toris. S., Beccaria's, painful pulsating sen- 
 sations in the occipital region during preg- 
 nancy. S.,Bechterew's. 1. See Bechterew's 
 Reaction. 2. Anesthesia of the popliteal 
 space in tabes dorsalis. S., Becker's, spon- 
 taneous pulsation of the retinal arteries in 
 
SIGN 
 
 877 
 
 SIGN 
 
 exophthalmic goiter. S., Behier- Hardy's, 
 aphonia, an early symptom in pulmonary 
 gangrene. S M Bell's, Bell's Phenomenon, 
 Bell-Bernhardt's Phenomenon, upward 
 and outward rolling of the eyeball upon 
 an attempt to close the eye of the af- 
 fected side in peripheral facial paralysis. 
 S., Berger's, an elliptic or irregular shape 
 of the pupil sometimes seen in the early 
 stage of tabes and paralytic dementia 
 and in paralysis of the third cranial nerve. 
 Bernhardt's Symptom, a subjective con- 
 dition consisting of paresthetic and painful 
 sensations on the outer and anterior aspect 
 of the thigh, in the distribution of the external 
 cutaneous nerve; it is in some cases dependent 
 on displacement of the external cutaneous 
 nerve. S., Bezold's, the appearance of an 
 inflammatory swelling a short distance below 
 the apex of the mastoid process is evidence 
 of mastoid suppuration. S., Bieg's Entotic, 
 when words are audible only on being spoken 
 into an ear-trumpet connected with a catheter 
 placed in the eustachian tube, but not through 
 the ear-trumpet as ordinarily applied, there 
 is a probable lesion of the malleus or incus, 
 which interferes with conduction. Biermer's 
 Change of Sound. See Gerhard? s Change 
 of Sound in this table. S., Biernacki's, 
 analgesia of the ulnar nerve at the elbow; 
 it is observed in tabes dorsalis and paretic 
 dementia. S., Bing's, let a vibrating tuning- 
 fork be held on the vertex until it has ceased 
 to be audible; then close either ear, and the 
 fork will be heard again for a certain period. 
 If this period of secondary perception is short- 
 ened, there exists a lesion of the sound-con- 
 ducting apparatus; if normal and yet deafness 
 is present, the perceptive apparatus is in- 
 volved. S., Bird's, a well-defined zone of 
 dulness with absence of the respiratory sound 
 in hydatid cyst of the lung. S., Boas', i. The 
 presence of lactic acid in the gastric con- 
 tents in cases of cancer of the stomach. 2. In 
 cases of intestinal atony a splashing sound 
 can be obtained on pressure upon the ab- 
 dominal wall after the injection of a small 
 quantity (200 to 300 Cc.) of water into the 
 bowel. S., Bolognini's, on pressing with the 
 tips of the fingers of both hands alternately 
 upon the right and left of the abdomen of a 
 patient who is lying on his back and whose 
 abdominal muscles are relaxed by flexion of 
 the thighs, a sensation of friction within the 
 abdomen is perceived; it is noted in the early 
 stages of measles. S., Bordier-Frenkel's. 
 See S., Bell's. Borsieri's Line, in the early 
 stages of scarlatina, a line drawn on the skin 
 with the finger-nail leaves a white mark 
 which quickly turns red and becomes smaller 
 in size. Bouillaud's Metallic Tinkling, a 
 peculiar clink sometimes heard to the right 
 of the apex-beat in cardiac hypertrophy. 
 S., Bouveret's, in intestinal obstruction; 
 this is applicable only to the larger gut. 
 Great distention of the cecum and a large 
 elevation in the right iliac fossa. S., Boz- 
 
 zolo's, visible pulsation of the arteries of the 
 nares, said to occur in some cases of aneurysm 
 of the thoracic aorta. Brach-Romberg 
 Symptom. See S., Romberg's (1). S.,Braun- 
 Fernwald's, an early sign of pregnancy con- 
 sisting in an increased thickness of one-half of 
 the body of the uterus and in the presence of a 
 longitudinal median groove, these changes 
 being dependent upon an unequal consistence 
 of that organ. Bright-Beatty's Friction- 
 sound, Bright's Friction-sound, the fric- 
 tion-sound produced by inflammation of the 
 pleura. S., Broadbent's, a visible retraction, 
 synchronous with the cardiac systole, of the 
 left side and back in the region of the eleventh 
 and twelfth ribs in adherent pericardium. 
 Brown-Sequard's Paralysis, hemiparaplegia 
 with hemianesthesia of opposite side, existing 
 in lesion of lateral half of spinal cord. S., 
 Browne's (Crichton), tremor of the labial 
 commissures and outer angles of the eyes in 
 the early stage of paralytic dementia. S., 
 Bryson's, diminished power of expansion of 
 the thorax during inspiration; occasionally 
 observed in exophthalmic goiter and neuras- 
 thenia. S., Burton's, the blue line at junc- 
 tion of teeth and gums in chronic lead-poison- 
 ing. S., Callaway's, in dislocation of the 
 humerus the circumference of the affected 
 shoulder, measured over the acromion and 
 through the axilla, is greater than that of the 
 sound side. S.s of Cancer. See S., Boas' (1); 
 (de) Morgan's Spots, in this table, S., 
 Rommelaere' s, S., Rus?s, S., Semon's, S., 
 S pie gelb erg's. S., Cardarelli's, the lat- 
 eral movement of the trachea as an in- 
 dication of aneurysm of the aorta. S. 
 of Cardiac Hypertrophy. See S., Bouil- 
 laud's. S., Castellino's. See S., Carda- 
 relli's. S.,Cathelineau's. See S., Tourette's 
 (Gilles de la). S. of Cerebral Hemorrhage. 
 See S., Prevos?s. S., Charcot's, signe du 
 sourcil. In facial paralysis the eyebrow is 
 raised; in facial contracture it is lowered. 
 S.,Charcot-Marie's. See S.. Marie's. S., 
 Charcot-Vigouroux's. See S., Vigouroux's. 
 Cheyne -Stokes' Respiration, a succession 
 of respirations becoming progressively shorter 
 and more shallow, then an intermission of 
 varying duration, followed by progressive in- 
 crease in depth and length of respirations; 
 noticed in various affections in which the 
 brain is implicated, such as cerebral edema 
 and uremia. S. of Chlorosis. See S., Go- 
 lonboff's. S., Chvostek's, sudden spasm 
 of one side of the face, elicited by a slight 
 tap upon the side of the face in postoperative 
 tetany. S., Clark's (Alonzo), obliteration 
 of the hepatic dulness due to tympanitic dis- 
 tention of the abdomen; noticed on percussion 
 in appendicitis and other peritoneal inflam- 
 mations, and denoting the presence of the 
 inflated bowel or of gas in front of the liver. 
 S., Cleemann's, in fracture of the femur 
 with shortening there is a wrinkle above the 
 ligamentum patella? which disappears when 
 the shortening is corrected by extension. 
 
SIGN 
 
 878 
 
 SIGN 
 
 S., Cling [Ger. Klebe]. See S., Gersuny's. 
 S., Comby's, a form of stomatitis involving 
 the buccal mucosa, diagnostic of incipient 
 measles. There is slight swelling, and the 
 mucous membrane becomes reddish, the 
 superficial epithelial cells become whitish as 
 if brushed over by a paint-brush. It may- 
 occur evenly or in patches. Cf. Koplik's 
 Spots in this table. Corrigan's Line, a pur- 
 ple line at the junction of the teeth with the 
 gums, seen in chronic copper-poisoning. 
 Corrigan's Pulse, a forcible pulse-wave, 
 which quickly recedes, elicited by finger or 
 sphygmograph in aortic insufficiency. S. of 
 Coxalgia. See S., Erichsen's. S., Crich- 
 ton Browne's. See S., Browne's. S., Dal- 
 rymple's, abnormal widening of the palpe- 
 bral aperture, in exophthalmic goiter. S., 
 Dance's, a depression about the right flank 
 or iliac fossa, regarded by Dance as indicating 
 invagination of the cecum. S., Davidsohn's, 
 reflection of light through the pupil in trans- 
 illumination by electric light in the mouth; 
 indicative of health. S., Demarquay's, im- 
 mobility or lowering of the larynx during 
 deglutition and phonation; it is character- 
 istic of tracheal syphilis. S.s of Dementia. 
 See S., Baillarger's, S., Berger's, S., Bier- 
 nacki's, S., Browne's. S. of Diabetes. See 
 S., Unschuld's. Diaphragmatic Phenom- 
 enon. See Diaphragmatic Phenomenon. . 
 Dietl's Crises, sharp paroxysmal pains oc- 
 curring in case of movable kidney, probably 
 dependent on acute hydronephrosis from 
 twisting of ureter. S. of Dislocation. See 
 S., Dugas', S., Hamilton's. ■ S., Doane's 
 (Wm. C), deafness in one ear in typhoid 
 fever presages death; deafness in both ears 
 is a good prognosis. Drummond's Whiff, 
 a whiff heard at the open mouth, in aus- 
 cultation during respiration, proceeding from 
 the glottis, in aortic aneurysm. S., Du- 
 chenne's, sinking in of the epigastrium during 
 inspiration in cases of marked hydroperi- 
 cardium or impaired movement of the 
 diaphragm from pressure or paralysis. Du- 
 chenne's Attitude, in paralysis of the trape- 
 zium the shoulder droops; the shoulder- 
 blade see-saws so that its internal edge instead 
 of being parallel to the vertebral column 
 becomes oblique from top to bottom and from 
 without in. S. Dugas', in dislocation of the 
 shoulder-joint the elbow cannot be made to 
 touch the side of the chest when the hand of 
 the affected side is placed on the op- 
 posite shoulder. S., Duncan Bird's. See 
 S., Bird's. S., Dupuytren's Eggshell, the 
 sensation of a delicate crepitant shell (eggshell 
 crackling) imparted on slight pressure in 
 certain cases of sarcoma of long bones. 
 Duroziez's Murmur, a double murmur oc- 
 casionally heard by auscultation in the femoral 
 artery, indicative of aortic incompetence. 
 S. of Echinococcous Cyst. See S., Lenn- 
 hoff's. Eitelberg's Test, if a large tuning- 
 fork is held at intervals before the ear during 
 15 or 20 minutes, the duration of the percep- 
 
 tion of the vibration, during these periods 
 increases in case the ear is normal, but de- 
 creases when a lesion of the. sound-conduct- 
 ing apparatus exists. S., Ellis'. See Line, 
 Ellis'. S. of Enteroptosis. See S., Stiller' s. 
 S., Erb's. 1. Increase of the electric irrita- 
 bility of the motor nerves in tetany. 2. Dul- 
 ness on percussion over the manubrium sterni 
 in akromegaly. Erben's Phenomenon, a 
 temporary slowing of the pulse on bending, 
 forward or attempting to sit down; it has been 
 observed in neurasthenia. S., Erb-West- 
 phal's. See S., Westphal's. S., Erichsen's, to 
 differentiate coxalgia from sacroiliac disease; 
 compression of the two iliac bones causes 
 pain in the latter but not in the former affec- 
 tion. S., Ewart's, in marked pericardial 
 effusion the left clavicle is so raised that the 
 upper border of the first rib can be felt with 
 the finger as far as the sternum. Farre's 
 Tubercles, superficial masses felt by palpa- 
 tion on the surface of the liver in hepatic 
 carcinoma. S., Filipovitch's, a saffron-like 
 coloration of the prominent parts of palms 
 of hands and soles of feet, seen in ty- 
 phoid fever. S., First Rib. See S., Ewart's. 
 Fisher's Brain-murmur, a systolic murmur 
 over the anterior fontanel or in the temporal 
 region of infants; heard in auscultation in 
 rickets and other conditions. S., Fiske-Bry- 
 son's. See S., Bryson's. S., Flindt-Kop- 
 lik's. See Koplik's Spots in this table. 
 Flint's Murmur, a second murmur fre- 
 quently heard in auscultation at the apex; 
 it has a rumbling quality, and may be 
 presystolic, and is probably produced at 
 the mitral orifice. It is indicative of aortic 
 incompetence. Foerster's Shifting Type, 
 variations in the field of vision, the peri- 
 metric limits differing according as they are 
 determined by moving the disc from the cen- 
 ter outward or from without to the center; it 
 exists in anesthesia of the retina, traumatic 
 neuroses, etc. Fracture. See S., Clee- 
 mann's, S., Hueter's, Morris' Test, in this table. 
 S., Frederici's, perception of the heart- 
 sounds over the whole abdomen in cases of 
 perforative peritonitis, with escape of gas into 
 the peritoneal cavity. S., Frenkel's, dimin- 
 ished tone (hypotonia) of the muscles of the 
 lower extremities in tabes dorsalis. Fried- 
 reich's Respiratory Change of Sound, 
 on percussion, the pitch of percussion-note 
 becomes increased at the height of a deep 
 inspiration in pulmonary tuberculosis and 
 other conditions. S., Friedreich's, diastolic 
 collapse of the cervical veins; noticed on pal- 
 pation or inspection, in adherent pericardium. 
 S., Fuerbringer's, a subphrenic abscess 
 may be distinguished from a collection of pus 
 above the diaphragm by the transmission, in 
 case of the former, of the respiratory move- 
 ments to a needle inserted into the abscess. 
 S., Gangolphe's, in intestinal obstruction a 
 serosanguineous effusion in the abdomen soon 
 after strangulation has taken place. S. of 
 Gangrene. See S., Behier -Hardy's. Gar- 
 
SIGN 
 
 879 
 
 SIGN 
 
 diner-Brown's Test, in labyrinthine disease 
 the patient ceases to hear the sound of a 
 tuning-fork placed upon the vertex from half 
 a second to several seconds before the exam- 
 iner ceases to feel its vibrations. S., Garel's, 
 absence of luminous perception on the 
 affected side of the walls and sinuses about 
 the mouth — antrum of Highmore; elicited by 
 electric transillumination in disease of the 
 antrum. Garland's S-curve. See Line, 
 Ellis'. Gastrosuccorrhea. See S., Reich- 
 mann's. Gelle's Test, the vibrations of a 
 tuning-fork placed in contact with a rubber 
 tube, the nozle of which is inserted into the 
 meatus, are distinctly perceived when the air 
 is compressed by pressure upon the bulb 
 attached to the tube. This does not occur 
 when the chain of ossicles is diseased. Ger- 
 hardt's Change of Sound, a change of per- 
 cussion-note according to the patient's posi- 
 tion, whether upright, lying on the back, 
 or on the side; due to changes in the 
 form of the air-space and fluid contents of the 
 thoracic cavity; it is found in pneumothorax 
 and pulmonary tuberculosis. S., Gerhardt's. 
 i. A systolic bruit heard between the mastoid 
 process and spinal column in cases of 
 aneurysm of the vertebral artery. 2. In- 
 complete filling of the external jugular vein 
 on the affected side, occasionally seen in 
 thrombosis of the transverse sinus. 3. A 
 band of dulness on percussion, superimposed 
 upon the normal precordial dulness, about 
 3 cm. in width and extending toward the left 
 clavicle; it is observed in cases of the per- 
 sistence of the ductus arteriosus. 4. The 
 absence of the movement of the larynx in 
 dyspnea due to aneurysm of the aorta. In 
 dyspnea from other causes the excursions of 
 the larynx are extensive. S., Gersuny's, 
 a peculiar sensation of adhesion of the mucosa 
 of the bowel to the fecal mass while pressure 
 is made with the tips of the fingers in cases of 
 coprostasis. Syn., Cling sign. Giraldes' 
 " Bonnet a poll," widening of the cranium 
 in the frontal region in chronic hydrocephalus. 
 S., Glasgow's, a systolic sound in the bron- 
 chial artery, heard in latent aneurysm of the 
 aorta. S. of Goiter, Exophthalmic. See 
 S., Ballet's, S., Becker's, S., Bryson's, S., Jof- 
 froy's (1), S., Mann's (Dixon), S., Mobius', 
 S., Vigouroux's, S., Weiss'. S., Golonboff's, 
 of chlorosis, an acute pain located directly 
 over the spleen, and pain on percussion 
 over the ends of the long bones, especially 
 the tibias. Goodell's Law, "when the cervix 
 is as hard as one's nose, pregnancy does not 
 exist; when it is as soft as one's lips, preg- 
 nancy is probable." S., Gould's Bowed- 
 head, in retinitis pigmentosa or other dis- 
 ease destroying the peripheral portion of the 
 retina, the patient often bows the head low 
 to see the pavement, in order to bring the 
 image upon the functional portion of the 
 retina. S., Gousset's, of phrenic neuralgia, 
 a painful point always present and well 
 denned to the right of the fourth or fifth 
 
 chondrosternal articulation; it must not be 
 confounded with the retrosternal pain of 
 chronic aortitis. S., Gowers', intermittent 
 and abrupt oscillations of the iris under the 
 influence of light, previous probably to the 
 total loss of the reflex; it is occasionally seen 
 in tabes dorsalis. S., v. Graefe's, failure 
 of the upper lid to follow the eyeball in glanc- 
 ing downward, elicited in exophthalmic goi- 
 ter by having the patient alternately rotate 
 the eyes up and down. v. Graefe's Spots, 
 certain spots near the supraorbital foramen, or 
 over the vertebras, which, when pressed upon, 
 cause a sudden relaxation of the spasm of the 
 eyelids in cases of blepharofacial spasm. 
 S., Grancher's, on auscultation in pulmon- 
 ary condensation the expiratory murmur 
 equals in pitch that of the inspiratory, evi- 
 dencing obstruction to expired air. Gran- 
 cher's Triad, the three symptoms charac- 
 teristic of incipient pulmonary tuberculo- 
 sis: weakened vesicular murmur, increased 
 vocal fremitus, and skodaic resonance. S., 
 Graves', an increase of the systolic impulse 
 often noted in the beginning of pericarditis. 
 S., Greene's (C. L.) Percussion, in percus- 
 sion of the free cardiac border during full 
 inspiration and again during forced inspira- 
 tion, the patient either standing or sitting, it 
 will be noticed that the border is displaced 
 outward by the expiratory movement in cases 
 of pleuritic effusion. S., Griesinger's. 1. 
 An edematous swelling behind the mastoid 
 process in thrombosis of the transverse sinus. 
 2. In thrombosis of the basilar artery, com- 
 pression of the carotids produces symptoms 
 of cerebral anemia (pallor, syncope, convul- 
 sions). This is a sign of doubtful value, since 
 it may also be caused by disturbances of the 
 cerebral circulation resulting from cardiac 
 and vascular lesions (especially arteriosclero- 
 sis). S., Grisolle's, the early eruption of 
 smallpox is distinguished from that of measles 
 by the fact that the papules remain distinct to 
 the touch even when the skin is tightly 
 stretched. Gubler's Tumor, a prominence 
 seen on the dorsum of the carpus by flexing 
 the carpus in wrist-drop of chronic lead- 
 poisoning, denoting probably some effusion 
 into the synovial sacs. S., Guye's, aprosexia 
 occurring in childhood with adenoid vegeta- 
 tions of the nasopharynx. S., Guyon's, 
 renal ballottement by palpation in floating 
 kidney. S., Haab's. See Haab's Pupil 
 Reflex. Hall's (Marshall) Facies, the prom- 
 inent forehead and small features peculiar 
 to hydrocephalus. Hamilton's Test, in 
 dislocation of the shoulder-joint a ruler 
 applied to the dislocated humerus may be 
 made to touch the acromion and external 
 condyle at the same time. S., Hardy- 
 Behier's. See S., Behier-Hdrdy's. Heb- 
 erden's Nodosities, hard nodules, usuallv 
 on the distal joints of the fingers, dis- 
 cernible by palpation in rheumatoid arthritis, 
 usually in advanced life. S., Hegar's, 
 a softening of the lower uterine segment, 
 
SIGN 
 
 880 
 
 SIGN 
 
 elicited by the forefinger in the rectum 
 and the thumb in the vagina, with pressure 
 from above, and valuable as a sign of preg- 
 nancy. S., Heim-Kreyssig's. See S., 
 Kreyssig's. S., Heim-Sanders'. See S., 
 Sanders'. S. of Hemiplegia. See S., Bab- 
 inski's and Schaeffer's Reflex in this table. 
 S., Heryng's, an infraorbital shadow ob- 
 served on introducing an electric light into 
 the mouth in empyema of the antrum of 
 Highmore. S., Hick's (Braxton), inter- 
 mittent uterine contraction noticed on pal- 
 pation. Begins to be apparent at end of 
 third month of pregnancy. May also be 
 produced by any tumor that distends uterus. 
 Hippocratic Facies, an anxious face, with 
 pinched features and sunken eyes, produced 
 by involuntary contraction of the facial 
 muscles occurring in peritonitis and fatal 
 diseases. Hippocratic Fingers, clubbing of 
 the finger-tips, with incurvation of the nails, 
 occurring in pulmonary tuberculosis and other 
 wasting diseases. Hippocratic Succussion, 
 a splashing sound obtained by shaking the 
 body of the patient in pyopneumothorax 
 and hydropneumothorax, and denoting the 
 presence of air and fluid in the pleural cavity. 
 S. , Hochsinger's, the existence of indicanuria 
 in tuberculosis of childhood. S., Hoff- 
 mann's, increase of the mechanic irritability 
 of the sensory nerves in tetany. S., Hope's, 
 double cardiac beat noted in aneurysm of the 
 aorta. S., Howship-Romberg's. See S., 
 Romberg's (i). S., Huchard's, the difference 
 in the pulse between the standing and recum- 
 bent posture is less in persons with arterial 
 hypertension, and may even be the reverse of 
 that of the normal condition. S., Huebl's, 
 an early sign of pregnancy consisting in an 
 abnormal thinness and compressibility of the 
 lower segment of the uterus as compared with 
 that part above the insertion of the sacro- 
 uterine ligaments, the bimanual examination 
 being carried out with one finger in the rectum. 
 S., Hueter's, absence of transmission of 
 osseous vibration in cases of fracture with 
 fibrous interposition between the fragments. 
 Hutchinson's Patch, a dull red discoloration 
 of the cornea, due to ciliary injection in 
 interstitial keratitis occurring in syphilis. 
 Hutchinson's Teeth, the upper central per- 
 manent incisor teeth are peg-shaped and 
 notched on the cutting-edge in inherited 
 syphilis. Hutchinson's Trio of Symptoms, 
 notched teeth, interstitial keratitis, and otitis, 
 denoting inherited syphilis. S. of Hydatid 
 Cyst. See S., Rovighi's. S. of Hysteria. 
 See S., Ballet's, S., Putnam's, S., Tourette's, 
 S., Weiss'. S. of Intestinal Obstruction. 
 See S., BouvereV s, S., Gangolphe's, S., Ger- 
 suny's,S., Schlange's, S., v. Wahl's. S., Jac- 
 coud's, prominence of the aorta in the su- 
 prasternal notch in leukemia and pseudoleu- 
 kemia. S., Jacquemier's, blue . coloration 
 of the vaginal mucosa appearing about the 
 twelfth week of pregnancy. S., Jacquemin's, 
 violet color of the mucous membrane of 
 
 vagina; appears about the fourth week of 
 gestation, and due to venous congestion. 
 Jadelot's Lines, various lines on the face of 
 infants occurring in various diseased con- 
 ditions. See Jadelot's Lines. S., Jaffe's, 
 the flow of pus from a tube inserted into a 
 subdiaphragmatic abscess is more abundant 
 during inspiration than during expiration; 
 if the collection is thoracic, the inverse holds 
 true. Paralysis of the diaphragm prevents 
 the manifestation of this sign. S., Joffroy's. 
 i. Absence of facial contraction when the 
 patient suddenly turns his eyes upward; seen 
 in exophthalmic goiter. 2. Phenomene de 
 la hanche. Rhythmic twitching of the glutei 
 on pressure upon the gluteal region in cases 
 of spastic paraplegia and sciatica. S., Jori- 
 senne's, the pulse does not become accele- 
 rated on changing from the horizontal to the 
 erect position; an indication of pregnancy. 
 S., Josseraud's, a peculiar loud, metallic 
 sound, heard. over the pulmonic area, and 
 preceding the friction-sound in acute peri- 
 carditis. Justus' Test, transient reduction 
 of hemoglobin following the administration 
 of mercury by inunction or hypodermatic 
 injection in syphilis. S., Keen's, the in- 
 creased diameter through the leg at the 
 malleoli, shown by measurement in Pott's 
 fracture of the fibula. S., Kelley's, of pleu- 
 ral effusion in children : a preference for lying 
 upon the back or propped up high in bed and 
 avoidance of bending toward or pressing upon 
 the affected side. S., Kellock's, increased 
 vibration of the ribs on sharply percussing 
 them with the right hand, the left being 
 placed flatly and firmly on the lower part of 
 the thoracic wall, just below the nipple; it is 
 elicited in pleural effusion. 6., Kennedy's, 
 of pregnancy, the umbilical or funic souffle. 
 S., Kernig's, contracture or flexion of the 
 knee and hip-joint, at times also of the elbow, 
 when the patient is made to assume the sitting 
 posture; it is noticed in meningitis. S., 
 Klebe [Ger.]. See S., Gersuny's. Kbnig's 
 Symptom-complex. 1. Alternation, for a 
 long period, of constipation and diarrhea, and 
 irregular attacks of colic which are generally 
 of short duration and terminate suddenly. 
 During these attacks the abdomen is dis- 
 tended, there exists frequently a visible 
 peristalsis, and a loud gurgling is heard in the 
 ileocecal region. These symptoms are char- 
 acteristic of tuberculous stenosis of the cecum. 
 2. Blue-blindness in granular kidney. Kop- 
 lik's Spots, minute bluish-white spots sur- 
 rounded by a reddish areola, observed on the 
 mucous membrane of the cheeks and lips 
 during the prodromal stage of measles. 8., 
 Kreyssig's, retraction of the epigastrium and 
 the contiguous portions of the false ribs with 
 each systole, in adherent pericardium. S., 
 Krisowski's, of congenital syphilis, radiating 
 lines about the mouth and the union of the 
 hard palate with the posterior pharyngeal wall 
 by fibrous tissue. S., Kussmaul's, swelling 
 of the cervical veins during inspiration in 
 
SIGN 
 
 881 
 
 SIGN 
 
 adherent pericardium and mediastinal tumor. 
 S., Kiister's, the presence of a cystic tumor 
 in the median line anterior to the uterus, 
 disclosed by palpation and inspection; 
 usually indicates ovarian dermoids. S. of 
 Labyrinthine Disease. See Gardiner- 
 Brown's Test in this table. Laennec's 
 Perles, rounded gelatinous masses, the muc- 
 ous molds of the smaller bronchial tubes, in 
 the sputum in bronchial asthma. Laennec's 
 Rale, a modified subcrepitant rale, percep- 
 tible on auscultation in pulmonary emphy- 
 sema caused by mucus in the bronchioles. 
 S., Lancisi's, very feeble heart-beats, 
 amounting to a trembling of the heart, 
 perceived by palpation in grave myocar- 
 ditis. S., Landou's, in diagnosis of malig- 
 nant disease inability to grasp the uterus 
 bimanually in the presence of slight 
 ascites. S., Lasegue's. i. Incapacity of 
 the anesthetic hysteric individual to move 
 the extremity which he is prevented from 
 seeing. 2. To differentiate sciatica from hip- 
 joint disease: in the case of the former, 
 flexion of the thigh upon the hip is painless or 
 easily accomplished when the knee is bent. 
 S., Lehman's, in the administration of chlo- 
 roform, to prognosticate as to a ready or 
 difficult anesthesia, if the eyelids closed by the 
 anesthetizer reopen at once, wholly or in part, 
 the anesthesia will be difficult. The eyes 
 will remain closed from the beginning in those 
 who take chloroform well. S., Lennhoff's, 
 in cases of echinococcus-cyst on deep inspira- 
 tion a furrow forms above the tumor between 
 it and the edge of the ribs. S., Leyden's, in 
 cases of subphrenic pyopneumothorax mano- 
 metric observation shows that the pressure in 
 the abscess cavity rises during expiration. 
 The reverse was held by Leyden to occur in 
 true pneumothorax. S., Litten's. See Dia- 
 phragmatic Phenomenon. S., Lucas', disten- 
 tion of the abdomen, an early sign of rickets. 
 S., Macewen's, increased resonance on com- 
 bined percussion and auscultation of the skull 
 in certain gross lesions of the intracranial 
 contents — e. g., in cerebral abscess or over- 
 distended lateral ventricles. S., Magnan's, 
 in chronic cocainism, hallucination of cuta- 
 neous sensibility, characterized by a sensa- 
 tion of foreign bodies under the skin, which 
 are described as inert and spheric, varying 
 in size from a grain to a nut, or as living 
 things — worms, bugs, etc. S., Mann's, 
 diminished resistance of the scalp to the gal- 
 vanic current in traumatic neuroses. S., 
 Mann's (Dixon), a disturbance of the nor- 
 mal balance of the muscles in the two orbits, 
 so that one eye appears to be on a lower level 
 than the other; it is seen in exophthalmic 
 goiter and other affections characterized by 
 tachycardia. S., Mannkopf's, an increase 
 in the frequency of the pulse, obtained by 
 pressure on peripheral points in the presence 
 of pain; it is not present in simulated pain. 
 S., Marie's, S., Marie -Kahler's, tremor of 
 the extremities or the whole body in exoph- 
 57 
 
 thalmic goiter. S., Mayor's, of pregnancy, 
 the fetal heart-sounds. S.s of Measles. 
 See S., Bolognini's, S., Comby's, Koplik's 
 Spots, in this table, S., Meunier's. S., 
 Meltzer's, normally, on auscultation of 
 the heart (at the side of the xiphoid 
 appendix) there is heard, after swallowing, 
 a first sound produced by the flowing of 
 fine drops, and six or seven seconds after, 
 a glou-glou. According to Meltzer, the 
 second sound fails in the case of occlusion or 
 pronounced contraction of the lower part of 
 the esophagus. S.s of Meningitis. See S., 
 Kernig's, S., Roger's, S., Simon's, S., Squire's. 
 S., Meunier's, of measles, a daily loss of 
 weight noticed four or five days after con- 
 tagion. This may amount to 50 Gm. daily, 
 commencing five or six days before the ap- 
 pearance of catarrhal or febrile symptoms. 
 S., Meyer's, numbness of the hands or feet 
 associated with formication. It is observed 
 in the eruptive stage of scarlatina. S.s of 
 Middle-ear Disease. See Politzer's Test 
 and Schwabach's Test in this table. S., 
 Mobius', inability to retain the eyeballs 
 in convergence in exophthalmic goiter. 
 Morgan's (de) Spots, bright red nevoid 
 spots frequently seen in the skin in cases 
 of cancer. Morris' Test, a rod, grad- 
 uated from the center and provided with 
 sliding pointers, is placed across the abdomen, 
 so that its center corresponds to the median 
 line of the body, and the pointers are moved 
 along it until they reach the outer surface of 
 the greater trochanter. In cases of fracture 
 of the neck of the femur a discrepancy will 
 be found on comparing the measurements on 
 the two sides of the body. S., Miiller's, 
 pulsation of the tonsils and soft palate in cases 
 of aortic insufficiency. S., Murat's, pul- 
 monary tuberculosis; vibration of the affected 
 part of the chest with a sense of discomfort 
 while talking aloud. S., Musset's (named 
 from the poet de Musset, who presented the 
 phenomenon), rhythmic movements of the 
 head synchronous with the radial pulse, 
 observed in persons with an aortic affection; 
 it is considered a pathognomonic sign of an 
 affection of the circulatory system. Mussey's 
 (de) Point, M.'s Symptom, "bouton dia- 
 phragm ati que," a point intensely painful on 
 pressure at the intersection of a line continu- 
 ous with the left border of the sternum and of 
 another forming a prolongation of the tenth 
 rib. It is noted in diaphragmatic pleurisy. 
 S. of Myocarditis. See S., Lancisi's. 
 S. of Myopia. See S., Weiss'. S. of 
 Nephrolithiasis. See S., Thornton's. S.s 
 of Neuralgia. See S., Gousset's, S., Seelig- 
 muller's, S., Trousseau's. S.s of Neuras- 
 thenia. See S., Bryson's, Erben's Phe- 
 nomenon, in this table, S., Rosenbach's 
 (2), S., Stiller's, S., Weiss'. S. of Neu- 
 roses, Traumatic. See S., Rumpf's. S., 
 Nothnagel's, paralysis of the facial mus- 
 cles, which is less marked on voluntary 
 • movements than on movements connected 
 
SIGN 
 
 882 
 
 SIGN 
 
 with emotions. This symptom has been 
 noticed in cases of tumor of the optic thala- 
 mus. S. of Nystagmus. See S., Bard's. 
 S., Objective, S., Physical, one apparent to 
 the observer. S. of Occlusion. See S., 
 Meltzer's. S., Oliver's, tracheal tugging, 
 elicited by grasping the larynx between the 
 thumb and finger and pressing upward in 
 aneurysm of the aorta. S., Oppolzer's, on 
 palpation the seat of the apex-beat is found to 
 change with the alteration of the patient's 
 posture in cases of serofibrinous pericarditis. 
 S., Osiander's, of pregnancy, vaginal pul- 
 sation. S., Palmoplantar. See S., Filip- 
 ovitch's. S. of Palsy, S. of Paralysis. 
 See S., Bell's, S., Berger's, Duchenne's Atti- 
 tude, in this table, 6"., Joffroy's (2), S., 
 Revilliod's. Parkinson's Facies, in paraly- 
 sis agitans the face is expressionless, 
 "wooden"; movements of the lips slow; 
 eyebrows elevated. The whole expression 
 is immobile and mask-like. Parkinson's 
 Mask. See Parkinson' s Facies in this table. 
 Parrot's Nodes, osteophytes of the skull, of 
 syphilitic origin, noticeable on palpation in 
 inherited syphilis. S., Parrot's, dilation 
 of the pupil produced by pinching the skin of 
 the neck in meningitis. S., Paul's, a feeble 
 apex-beat with a forcible impulse over the 
 body of the heart, obtained by palpation in 
 pericarditis; significant of pericardial adhe- 
 sions. S., Perez's, a loud friction -murmur 
 heard over the sternum when the patient raises 
 his arms, especially the left, over his head 
 and lets them fall again ; it is noted in cases of 
 aneurysm of the arch of the aorta and medi- 
 astinal tumors. S.s of Pericardial Effu- 
 sion. See S., Auenbrugger's, S., Ewart's, S., 
 Rotch's, S., Sansom's (1), Sibson's Notch, in 
 this table. S.s of Pericarditis. See S., 
 Graves' , S., Josseraud's, S., Oppolzer's, S.,War- 
 thin's. S. of Perigastritis. See S., Rosen- 
 heim's. S. of Peritonitis. See S., Frederici's. 
 S., Pfuhl's, S., P.-Jaffe's, in subphrenic pyo- 
 pneumothorax the liquid issues from the 
 exploratory puncture or incision with con- 
 siderable force during inspiration, while the 
 contrary occurs in true pneumothorax. S.s, 
 Physical, the symptoms derived from auscul- 
 tation, percussion, etc. S., Pinard's, after 
 the sixth month of pregnancy a sharp pain 
 upon pressure over the fundus uteri is fre- 
 quently a sign of breech presentation. S., 
 Pitres'. 1. "Signe du cordeau." The angle 
 formed by the axis of the sternum and the 
 line represented by a cord dropped from the 
 suprasternal notch to the symphysis pubis 
 indicates the degree of deviation of the ster- 
 num in cases of pleuritic effusion. 2. Hypes- 
 thesia of the scrotum and testis in tabes 
 dorsalis. S.s of Pleural Effusion. See 5., 
 Greene's, S., Kellock's, S., Litten's, S., 
 Pitres' (1), S., Przewal 'ski's, S., Sieur's. S.s 
 of Pleurisy. See S., Andral's, S., de Mus- 
 sey's. S., Plumb-line. See S., Pitres' (1). 
 S.s of Pneumothorax. See S., Leyden's, 
 S., Pfuhl's, Politzer's Test, in cases 
 
 of unilateral middle-ear disease associated 
 with obstruction of the eustachian tube, the 
 sound of a vibrating tuning-fork (C 2 ) held 
 before the nares during deglutition is per- 
 ceived by the normal ear only; if the tube is 
 patulous, the sound sensation is frequently 
 stronger in the affected ear. In unilateral 
 disease of the labyrinth the tuning-fork is 
 heard in the normal ear whether or not deglu- 
 tition occurs. S., Porter's. See S., Oliver's. 
 Pott's Boss, the projecting spinous process 
 noticeable on palpation in Pott's disease or 
 vertebral caries. S.s of Pregnancy. See S., 
 Ahlj eld's, S., Beccaria's, Goodell's Law, in this 
 table, S., Huebl's, S., Jacquemier's, S., Ken- 
 nedy's, S., Mayor's, S., Osiander's, S., Schaef- 
 er's, S., Rasch's, S., Reusner's, S., Rinmann's. 
 S.,Prevost's, conjugate deviation of the eyes 
 and head, which look away from the palsied 
 extremities and toward the affected hemi- 
 sphere; it is noted in cerebral hemorrhage. 
 S., Przewalski's (B.), of pleurisy with effu- 
 sion : narrowing of the intercostal spaces and 
 increased rigidity of the intercostal muscles 
 on the affected side. S., Putnam's, absolute 
 increase of measurements from the anterior- 
 superior iliac spine to the internal malle- 
 olus; it is observed in hysteric hip disease. 
 Quincke's Pulse or Symptom, blanching of 
 the finger-nails at each diastole of the heart, 
 occurring in aortic insufficiency, and indicat- 
 ing very marked regurgitation. S., Quin- 
 quaud's, of chronic alcoholism: the subject for 
 examination is directed to hold the tips of the 
 outstretched fingers of one hand perpen- 
 dicularly to the outspread palm of the exam- 
 iner and to press upon it with only moderate 
 firmness. In the course of two or three 
 seconds, if the person is addicted to alcohol, 
 crepitation of the phalanges will be percep- 
 tible, as if the bones of each finger impinged 
 roughly upon each other. The sound ranges 
 in intensity from a slight grating to crashing. 
 S., Rasch's, fluctuation obtained by applying 
 two fingers of the right hand to the cervix, 
 as in ballottement, and steadying the uterus 
 through the abdomen with the left hand. 
 It depends upon the presence of the liquoi 
 amnii, and is an early sign of pregnancy. 
 Raynaud's Phenomenon, a white and cold 
 condition of the fingers, alternating with burn- 
 ing heat and redness, occurring in Raynaud's 
 disease (q. v.), and showing vasomotor dis- 
 turbance. S., Reichmann's, the presence 
 in the stomach, before eating in the morning, 
 of an acid liquid mixed with alimentary 
 residues; it is indicative of gastrosuccorrhea 
 and pyloric stenosis. S., Remak's, the pro- 
 duction, by the pricking of a needle, of a 
 double sensation, the second being painful; 
 it is noted in tabes dorsalis. S. of Retinitis. 
 See S., Gould's, Roth's Spots, in this table. 
 S., Reusner's, marked pulsation of the 
 uterine vessels felt in the posterior cul- 
 desac during early pregnancy. S., Revil- 
 liod's, "signe de l'orbiculaire," inability 
 of the patient to close the eye of the 
 
SIGN 
 
 883 
 
 SIGN 
 
 affected side only; it is observed in paral- 
 ysis of the superior facial nerve. S. of 
 Rickets. See S., Lucas' '. S., Rinmann's, 
 of early pregnancy: slender cords radiating 
 from the nipple; they are considered to be 
 hypertrophic acini of the glands. Rhine's 
 Test, if a vibrating tuning-fork is placed on 
 the vertex, and then, before it has ceased to 
 vibrate, is held before a normal ear, the vibra- 
 tion is still distinctly perceived. The test is 
 negative when a lesion exists. S., Ripault's, 
 a change in the shape of the pupil on press- 
 ure upon the eye, transitory during life, but 
 permanent after death. Ritter's Tetanus, 
 tetanus of a muscle produced in a healthy 
 subject by suddenly breaking the circuit while 
 a strong constant current is passing through 
 a nerve. Ritter-Rollet Phenomenon, flex- 
 ion of the foot by gentle electric stimulation. 
 Extension of the foot by energetic stimula- 
 tion; voltaic or faradic stimulation may be 
 used. S., Roger's, subnormal temperature 
 during the third stage of tuberculous menin- 
 gitis, regarded by Roger as pathognomonic of 
 the disease. S., Romberg's, i. Swaying 
 of the body and inability to stand when the 
 eyes are closed and the feet placed together; 
 it is seen in locomotor ataxia, exophthalmic 
 goiter, tabes dorsalis, hereditary cerebellar 
 ataxia, etc. 2. Neuralgic pain in the course 
 and distribution of the obturator nerve, 
 pathognomonic of obturator hernia. S., 
 Rommelaere's, diminution of the normal 
 phosphates and chlorids of sodium in the 
 urine is pathognomonic of cancerous cachexia. 
 S., Rosenbach's. 1. Loss of the abdominal 
 reflex in inflammatory intestinal diseases. 
 2. Tremor of the eyelids when the patient is 
 asked to close them, often with insufficient 
 closure of the lids. It is seen in neurasthenia. 
 S., Rosenheim's, a friction -sound heard on 
 auscultation over the left hypochondrium in 
 fibrous perigastritis. Rosenthal's Hyper- 
 acid Vomiting, the vomiting of very acid 
 material, indicative of exaggerated secretion 
 of HC1 in the gastric juice — Rossbach's dis- 
 ease. S., Rosenthal's, the application of 
 a strong faradic current to the sides of the 
 vertebral column causes burning and stabbing 
 pains in cases of spondylitis. S., Roser- 
 Braun's, absence of pulsations of the dura in 
 cases of cerebral abscess, tumors, etc. S., 
 Rotch's, dulness on percussion in the right 
 fifth intercostal space in pericardial effusion. 
 Roth's Spots, white spots, resembling those 
 of albuminuric retinitis, seen in the region of 
 the optic disc and the macula in cases of septic 
 retinitis. S., Roussel's, a sharp pain caused 
 on light percussion, in the subclavicular region 
 between the clavicle and the third or fourth 
 rib, originating 3 to 4 cm. from the median 
 line and extending to and beyond the shoulder 
 and the supraspinal fossa; it is observed in 
 incipient tuberculosis. S., Roux's, of sup- 
 purative appendicitis: on palpation the 
 empty cecum presents a special soft resistance 
 comparable to that of a wet pasteboard tube. 
 
 S., Rovighi's, hydatid fremitus: a thrill ob- 
 served on combined palpation and percussion 
 in cases of superficial hydatid cyst of the liver. 
 S., Rumpf s, fibrillar twitching of muscles 
 in traumatic neuroses. S., Rust's, at every 
 change of position of the body a patient suffer- 
 ing from caries or carcinoma of the upper 
 cervical vertebras supports his head with the 
 hand. S., Sanders', undulatory character of 
 the cardiac impulse, most marked in the 
 epigastric region, in adherent pericardium. 
 Sanger's Macula, macula gonorrhoica, a 
 bright red spot marking the orifice of the duct 
 of Bartholin's gland in cases of gonorrheal 
 vulvitis. Sanger's Pupil-reaction, for the 
 differential diagnosis of cerebral syphilis and 
 tabes: in amaurosis and optic atrophy of 
 cerebral syphilis the pupil-reflex to light may 
 be preserved and even increased after a pro- 
 tracted stay in the dark, which is never the case 
 in tabes dorsalis. S., Sansom's. 1. Con- 
 siderable extension of dulness in the second 
 and third intercostal spaces in pericardial 
 effusion. 2. A rhythmic murmur trans- 
 mitted through the air in the mouth when the 
 lips of the patient are applied to the chestpiece 
 of the stethoscope ; it is heard in cases of aortic 
 aneurysm. S., Sarbo's, analgesia of the 
 peroneal nerve, occasionally observed in tabes 
 dorsalis. S.s. of Scarlatina. See Bor- 
 sieri's Line, in this table, S., Meyer's. 
 S., Schaefer's. 1. Of pregnancy: a char- 
 acteristic discoloration in stripes, reddish 
 on a livid background, which appears in 
 the neighborhood of the urethra or on the 
 vestibule of the vagina. The stripes run for 
 the most part crosswise or oblique. The 
 condition is regarded as due to a vasomotor 
 reaction dependent upon the life of the child, 
 as the stripes disappear as soon as the 
 child within the womb is dead. 2. Of 
 hemiplegia: See Schaefer's Reflex. S., 
 Schlange's, in cases of intestinal obstruction 
 the intestine is dilated above the seat of ob- 
 struction and peristaltic movements are absent 
 below that point. Schonlein's Triad, pur- 
 puric exanthem, rheumatic phenomena, and 
 gastrointestinal disorders in purpura rheu- 
 matica. S., Schuele's, vertical folds between 
 the eyebrows, forming the Greek letter omega 
 (omega melancholicum), frequently seen in 
 subjects of melancholia. S., Schultze-Chvo- 
 stek's. See S., Chvostek's. Schwabach's 
 Test, the duration of the perception of a 
 vibrating tuning-fork placed upon the cra- 
 nium is prolonged beyond the normal in cases 
 of middle-ear disease, but shortened when the 
 deafness is due to a central cause. S.s of 
 Sciatica. See S., Babinski's, S., Joffroy's (2), 
 S., Lasegue's. S., Seeligmiiller, mydriasis 
 on the affected side in cases of neuralgia. 
 Seguin's Signal Symptom, the involuntary 
 contraction of one muscle or group of muscles 
 preceding the epileptic attack. S., Semon's, 
 impaired mobility of the vocal cord in car- 
 cinoma of the larynx. Sibson's Notch, the 
 inward curve of the upper left border of pre- 
 
SIGN 
 
 884 
 
 SIGN 
 
 cordial dulness in acute pericardial effusion. 
 S., Sieur's, "signe du sou," a clear, metallic 
 sound sometimes heard in cases of pleural 
 effusion on percussing the chest in front with 
 two coins and auscultating behind. S., 
 Silex's, radial furrows about the mouth, and 
 coincidentally in other parts of the face; a 
 pathognomonic sign of congenital syphilis. 
 S., Simon's, immobility or retraction of the 
 umbilicus during inspiration, sometimes seen 
 in tuberculous meningitis. Skeer's Symp- 
 tom, a small circle that forms in the iris near 
 the pupil in both eyes simultaneously in 
 tuberculous meningitis. Skoda's Conson- 
 ating Rales, bronchial rales heard through 
 consolidated pulmonary tissue on ausculta- 
 tion in pneumonia, caused by mucus in the 
 bronchial tubes surrounded by consolidated 
 structure. S., Skoda's, S., Resonance, S., 
 Tympany, a tympanitic note on percussing 
 the chest above a large pleural effusion or 
 above the line of consolidation in pneumonia, 
 heard when a pleural effusion extends up 
 to the fourth rib or above, and indicating 
 vicarious action of the portion of lung not 
 involved (apex or upper lobe). S. of 
 Smallpox. See S., Grisolle's. S., Smith's 
 (Eustace), of bronchitis: a murmur audible 
 over the sternum when the chin is drawn up. 
 S. of the Sou. See S., Sieur's. Spence's 
 Test, a tumor of the mammary gland can be 
 distinguished from an inflammatory enlarge- 
 ment by the absence, in the latter case, of any 
 tumefaction, there being only the lumpy and 
 wormy sensation of the swollen acini and 
 ducts. S., Spiegelberg's, a sensation like 
 that of passing over wet india-rubber, im- 
 parted to the finger which presses on, and 
 moves along, the affected part; it is noted 
 in cancer of the cervix uteri. Spondylitis. 
 See S., Rosenthal's. S., Squires' (G. W.), 
 a rhythmic dilation and contraction of the 
 pupil in basilar meningitis. S., Stairs, dif- 
 ficulty in descending stairs; one of the early 
 symptoms of locomotor ataxia. S., Steele's, 
 exaggerated pulsation over the whole area 
 of the cardiac region; it is noted in intra- 
 thoracic tumor. S., Stellwag's, an appar- 
 ent widening of the palpebral aperture, seen 
 on retraction of upper eyelid, and occur- 
 ring in exophthalmic goiter. S.s of Sten- 
 osis. See S., Aujrecht's, S., Reichmann's, 
 Traube's Phenomenon, in this table. S., 
 Stiller's, marked mobility or fluctuation 
 of the tenth rib in neurasthenia and 
 enteroptosis. Syn., Costa fluctuans decima. 
 S., Stokes', t. Violent throbbing in the 
 abdomen to the right of the umbilicus 
 on palpation occurring in acute enteritis. 2. 
 Marked feebleness of the first heart-sound, 
 which calls for alcoholic stimulation if it 
 occurs during fevers. S., Straus', in facial 
 paralysis from a central cause the hypoder- 
 matic injection of pilocarpin causes no ap- 
 preciable difference in the perspiration of the 
 two sides, either as to time or quantity, 
 whereas there is a marked retardation of the 
 
 secretion on the affected side in severe pe- 
 ripheral paralysis. S., Strauss', the admin- 
 istration of fatty food by the mouth causes 
 an increase in the amount of fatty constituents 
 in the effusion of chylous ascites. S., Sub- 
 jective, one recognized only by the patient. 
 S.s of Syphilis. See S., Demarquay's, S., 
 Justus', S., Krisowski's, S., Silex's, S., Weg- 
 ner's. S.s of Tabes. See S., Bechterew's, 
 S., Berger's, S., Biernacki's, S., Frenkel's, S., 
 Gowers', S., Pitres' (2), S., Remak's, S., 
 Romberg's (1), Sanger's Pupil-reaction, in 
 this table, S., Sarbo's. Tache cerebrale, 
 the appearance of a red line upon drawing 
 the finger-nail over the skin, occurring 
 in tuberculous meningitis, acute fevers, 
 and other conditions. S., Tarnier's, the 
 effacement of the angle between the upper and 
 lower uterine segments, found on digital 
 examination, occurring in pregnancy, and 
 indicating inevitable abortion. S., Tchoud- 
 novsky's, in cases of pneumoperitonitis 
 with intestinal perforation a peculiar murmur 
 heard on abdominal auscultation, at each 
 respiratory movement, and in which the 
 maximum intensity is situated at the surface 
 of the perforation. S.s of Tetany. See 
 Bechterew's Reaction, S., Erb's (1), S., 
 Hoffmann's, S., Weiss'. S., Thornton's, 
 violent pain in the flanks in nephro- 
 lithiasis. S., Tourette's (Gilles de la), 
 inversion of the ratio existing normally 
 between the earthy phosphates and alka- 
 line phosphates of the urine; it is found in 
 paroxysms of hysteria. Traube's Phenom- 
 enon, a double sound, systolic and diastolic, 
 heard over peripheral arteries, especially the 
 femoral, in aortic insufficiency, occasionally 
 also in mitral stenosis, lead-poisoning, etc. 
 S., Tresilian's, of mumps: the opening of 
 Stenson's duct on the inner surface of the 
 cheek, outside the second upper molar, be- 
 comes a bright red papilla. S., Troisier's, 
 enlargement of the left supraclavicular 
 lymph-glands, an indication . of malignant 
 disease of the intraabdominal region. S., 
 Trousseau's, T.'s Phenomenon, muscular 
 spasm, which continues as long as pressure 
 is applied on the large arteries or on the nerve- 
 trunk in tetany, showing heightened neuro- 
 muscular irritability. Trousseau's Points 
 apophysaires, points sensitive to pressure 
 over the dorsal and lumbar vertebras in in- 
 tercostal and lumboabdominal neuralgias. 
 Trousseau's, Spots. See Tache cerebrale in 
 this table. S.s of Tuberculosis. See 
 Bareggi's Reaction, S., Grancher's, S., Hoch- 
 singer's, S., Murat's, S., -Roussel's. S.s of 
 Tumor. See S., Nothnagel's, S., Roser- 
 Braun's, Spence's Test, in this table, S., 
 Steele's. S.S of Typhoid. See Bareggi's 
 Reaction, S., Doane's. S., Uhthoff's, the 
 nystagmus of multiple cerebrospinal scler- 
 osis. Ulnar Phenomenon, a condition of 
 analgesia of the trunk of the ulnar nerve on 
 one side, absent in the majority of general 
 paralytics and mostly present in other insane 
 
 ■• 
 
SIGNA 
 
 885 
 
 SILK 
 
 patients. S., Unschuld's, a tendency to 
 cramps in the calf of the leg; it is an early sign 
 in diabetes. Valleix's Points, tender spots 
 along the course of a nerve, noticeable on 
 pressure in neuralgia. S., Vigouroux's, 
 diminished resistance of the skin to electric 
 stimulation in exophthalmic goiter. S., Vin- 
 cent's. See Argyll Robertson Pupil in 
 this table. S., Vohsen-Davidsohn's. 
 See S., Davidsohn's. S., Voltolini-Her- 
 yng's. See S., Heryng's. S., (von) 
 Wahl's. i. Distention of the bowel (local 
 meteorism) above the point at which 
 there exists an obstruction. 2. A scrap- 
 ing or blowing sound, synchronous with 
 the cardiac impulse, heard over an arterial 
 trunk immediately after the partial division, 
 through injury, of the vessel. S., Warthin's, 
 accentuation of the pulmonary sound in acute 
 pericarditis. S., Weber's, paralysis of the 
 oculomotor nerve of one side and hemi- 
 plegia of the opposite side. S., Wegner's, 
 in fetal syphilis the dividing line between the 
 epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones, which 
 under normal conditions is delicate and recti- 
 linear, appears as a broad, irregular, yellowish 
 line. S., Weiss, " facialis phenomenon," 
 contraction of the facial muscles upon light 
 percussion; it is noticed in tetany, neuras- 
 thenia, hysteria, and exophthalmic goiter. 
 S., Wernicke's. See Reaction, Hemianopic 
 Pupillary. Westphal's Foot-phenomenon, 
 ankle-clonus, obtained by suddenly flexing 
 the foot on the leg in lateral sclerosis and 
 various other conditions. Westphal's Para- 
 doxic Contraction, the tonic contraction of 
 the anterior tibial muscle caused by the pas- 
 sive approximation of its extremities by rapid 
 dorsal flexion of the foot, occurring in paralysis 
 agitans (Westphal) and sclerosis of the poste- 
 rolateral columns of the cord. S., Westphal's, 
 abolition of the knee-jerk in locomotor ataxia, 
 destructive lesions of the lower part of the 
 cord, peripheral neuritis, etc. Westphal -Erb 
 Symptom. Same as S., Westphal's. S., 
 Williams', diminished inspiratory expansion 
 on the left side in adherent pericardium. 
 Williams' Tracheal Tone, a dull tym- 
 panitic resonance, becoming higher pitched 
 on opening the mouth, heard on percussion 
 in pleural effusion, and arising from the 
 vibration of air in a large bronchus sur- 
 rounded by compressed lung. S., Win- 
 trich's, change in the pitch on percussion 
 when the mouth is opened and closed in 
 tuberculosis of lung, and indicating a pulmo- 
 nary cavity. 
 
 Signa (sig'-nah) [sign]. Mark. In prescrip- 
 tion-writing, a term placed before the physi- 
 cian's directions to the patient concerning the 
 medicine prescribed ; abbreviated to S. or Sig. 
 
 Signaletic (sig-nal-et'-ik). Relating to signal- 
 ization. 
 
 Signalization, Signalment (sig-nal-i-za'-shun, 
 sig'-nal-ment). See Bertillonage and Identi- 
 fication, BerHllon System of. 
 
 Signature {sig' -nat-ur) [sign]. 1. The part of 
 
 the prescription that is to be placed on the 
 label. 2. A distinguishing character. S., 
 Doctrine of, a theory that the medicinal uses 
 of plants or other objects can be determined 
 from the signatures or peculiar characters. 
 
 Siguatera (sig-wah-te'-rah) [Sp., "fish-poison- 
 ing"]. 1. The name given by Spanish 
 colonists to a complex of symptoms that 
 resulted from eating poisonous fishes indigen- 
 ous to certain hot countries. 2. Poisoning 
 from the ingestion of fresh food uninfected 
 by bacteria, but in which the toxin is a leuko- 
 main formed by the physiologic activity of the 
 tissues. 
 
 Sikimin (sik'-im-in) [sikkim, a region of the 
 Himalaya]. A poisonous principle derived 
 from Illicium religiosum. 
 
 Silberol (sil'-ber-ol). See Silver Paraphenol- 
 suljonate. 
 
 Silent Region of the Spinal Cord. The 
 gray matter of the cord. 
 
 Silica (sil'-ik-ah) [silex, flint]. Silicon dioxid, 
 Si0 2 , occurring in nature in the form of 
 quartz, flint, and other minerals. 
 
 Silicate (sil'-ik-dt) [silica]. A salt of silicic 
 acid. 
 
 Silicic Acid (sil-is'-ik) [silica], H 4 Si0 4 . A 
 tetrabasic acid forming the silicates. See 
 Sodium Silicate. 
 
 Silicon {sil'-ik-on) [silica]. A nonmetallic 
 element occurring widely distributed in nature 
 as silica, Si0 2 , and in the form of silicates. 
 Atomic weight 28.2; symbol Si; valence iv. 
 It resembles carbon in its chemic behavior. 
 S. Carbid, a compound prepared by heating 
 in an electric furnace silica and carbon in the 
 presence of salt. Next to the diamond it is 
 the hardest substance known. The pure salt 
 forms colorless, transparent laminas of 
 diamond-like luster. Its specific gravity is 
 3.22 and its index of hardness 9.5. S. Te- 
 tracetate, Si(0 . C 2 H 3 0) 4 , acetoorthosilicic 
 anhydrid, a substance occurring in prismatic 
 crystals. 
 
 Silicosis (sil-ik-o'-sis) [silica]. A deposit of 
 particles of silica in the tissues; specifically, 
 a chronic fibroid condition of the lung or the 
 bronchial lymphatic glands, produced by the 
 inhalation of particles of silica. 
 
 Siliqua (sil-ik' -wah) [siliqua, a husk or pod; 
 pi., siliqua]. Same as Silique. S. olivae, 
 S. olivae externa, the nerve-fibers encircling 
 the olive. S. olivae interna, dentoliva. 
 
 Silique (sil-ek') [siliqua, a husk or pod]. In 
 biology, the slender, two-valved capsule of 
 some Cruciferce. 
 
 Silk [ME.]. The simplest and most perfect of 
 the textile fibers. It differs from all other 
 fibers in that it is found in nature as a con- 
 tinuous fine thread. Silk is the product of the 
 silkworm (Bombyx mori), and is simply the 
 fiber that the worm spins around itself for 
 protection when entering the pupa or chry- 
 salis state. The silk-fiber consists, to the 
 extent of rather more than half its weight, of 
 fibroin, C 15 H 23 N 5 6 , a nitrogenous principle. 
 Covering this is the silk-glue, or sericin, C 15 - 
 
SILKWORM-GUT 
 
 886 
 
 SIMON'S POSTURE 
 
 H 25 N 5 8 . The most important physical 
 properties of the silk-fiber are its luster, 
 strength, and avidity for moisture. Besides 
 the true silk, we have several socalled "wild 
 silks," the most important of which is the 
 tusser silk, the product of the larva of the 
 moth, Anther aa mylitta, found in India. The 
 cocoons are much larger than those of the 
 true silkworm, are egg-shaped, and of a silvery 
 drab color. The cocoon is very firm and 
 hard, and the silk is of a drab color. It is 
 used for the buff-colored Indian silks, and 
 latterly largely in the manufacture of silk 
 plush. Other wild silks are the eria silk of 
 India, the muga silk of Assam, the atlas or 
 fagara silk of China, and the yama-mai silk 
 of Japan. Silk has been used as a hemo- 
 static. S., Epispastic, silk containing some 
 vesicant. S. Floss, Dentists', untwisted 
 filaments of fine silk prepared expressly for 
 the purpose of cleaning the surfaces of the 
 teeth, and used by some dentists for finishing 
 the surfaces of fillings in the sides of teeth. 
 S. Gelatin, a glutinous mass formed by boil- 
 ing certain kinds of raw silk in water. It is 
 used in bacteriology as a culture-medium 
 for the majority of bacilli of water and air. 
 S.-grass, pineapple fiber. S., Saddler's, a 
 heavy silk used by saddlers and to some ex- 
 tent in surgery. S., Tait's, cable twist; it 
 differs from ordinary silk in containing the 
 gums or animal matter imparted by the 
 worm in the spinning process. 
 
 Silkworm-gut. The thread drawn from the 
 silkworm killed when ready to spin the co- 
 coon. 
 
 Silphologic (sil-fol-oj f -ik) [aiX(f>t), an insect; 
 hbyoc, science]. Larval. 
 
 Silver. See Argentum. S. Arsenite, Ag 3 As0 3 , 
 an alterative and antiseptic; used in skin 
 diseases. Dose t^q^o g r - (0.0006-0.001 1 
 Gm.). S. -casein, a fine white powder, 
 soluble in hot water, obtained from sodium 
 casein by action of silver nitrate and alcohol. 
 It is used in gonorrhea in 2 to 10% solutions. 
 S. Chlorid, AgCl, a white powder, soluble 
 in ammonium, potassium thiosulfate, or 
 potassium cyanid. It is used as an antiseptic 
 and a nerve-sedative. Dose ir-f-17 gr. 
 (0.02-0.05-0.1 Gm.). Syn., Horn-silver; 
 Luna cornea. S. Citrate, Ag 3 C 6 H 5 7 , a fine 
 dry powder soluble in 3800 parts of water, 
 used as a surgical antiseptic and disinfectant. 
 Application 1 to 2 % ointment or 1 : 4000 
 solution. Syn., Itrol. S., Colloidal, a form 
 of metallic silver consisting of heavy greenish- 
 black particles of metallic luster which, when 
 triturated with water, form a greenish-black 
 fluid. It is used in the treatment of septic 
 diseases, applied in the form of an ointment. 
 Syn., Argentum colloidale; Argentum Crede; 
 Collargol. S. Cyanid. See Argenti cyanidum 
 under Argentum. S. Fluorid, AgFI, a 
 brown, glassy, elastic solid, very soluble in 
 water, discovered by Paterno in 190 1. It is 
 used as an antiseptic. Syn., Tachiol. S.- 
 fork Deformity, a peculiar deformity of the 
 
 wrist and hand in Colles' fracture, resembling 
 a fork. S. Gelatose, albargin. S. Ich- 
 thyolate. See Ichthargan. S. Iodid. See 
 Argenti iodidum under Argentum. S. Lac- 
 tate, AgC 3 H 5 O s + H 2 0, a white, soluble 
 powder, recommended as a surgical anti- 
 septic. Injection in erysipelas 5 gr. (0.3 Gm.) 
 to 3 t 3 q oz. (100 Cc). of water; as a wash, 1 
 teaspoonful of solution 1 : 50 in a glass of 
 water. Syn., Actol. S. Nitrate. See Argenti 
 nitras under Argentum. S. Nucleate, S. Nuc- 
 leid. See Nargol. S. Oxid. See Argenti. 
 oxidum under Argentum. S. Paraph enol- 
 sulfonate, an external antiseptic. Syn., 
 Silberol. S. and Potassium Cyanid, AgK- 
 (CN) 2 , very poisonous white crystals, soluble 
 in 4 parts of water at 20 C. or 25 parts of 
 85% alcohol. It is antiseptic and bacteri- 
 cide. One part in 50,000 destroys anthrax 
 bacilli. S.-protalbin. See Largin. S. 
 Sulfocarbolate, S. Sulfophenate, a fine, 
 crystalline powder containing about 28% 
 of metallic silver; it is a noncorrosive anti- 
 septic, used in eye diseases and wounds. S. 
 Test for Glucose in Urine, add ammonia in 
 excess to a strong solution of silver nitrate; 
 add the urine and boil. In the presence of 
 glucose a metallic silver mirror is deposited 
 at the bottom of the tube. Aldehyd and 
 tartaric acid give the same reaction. S. 
 Thiohydrocarburosulfonate. See Ichthar- 
 gan. S. Trinitrophenolate, a compound 
 containing 30% of silver, used as an anti- 
 septic on inflamed mucosas. Syn., Picratol. 
 S. Vitellin. See Argyrol. 
 
 Simaba (sim-a'-bah) [native name in Guiana]. 
 A genus of simarubaceous tropical trees. 
 The seeds of S. cedron are antiperiodic and 
 tonic. Dose of fluidextract 1-8 min. (0.06- 
 0.5 Cc). It contains, according to Tanret, 
 the alkaloid cedronin and also cedrin. The 
 bark also has tonic and febrifuge properties. 
 
 Simaruba {sim-ar-u'-bah). A genus of trees 
 of the order Simarubacece. The bark of the 
 root of S. officinalis has been used as a simple 
 bitter. 
 
 Similia similibus curentur, Doctrine of. 
 A sophism formulated by Hippocrates, later 
 by Paracelsus ("simile similis cura, non 
 contrarium"), and later, as one of the results 
 of the reaction against the heroic measures of 
 venesection and drastic medication, by Sam- 
 uel Christian Friedrich Hahnemann, the 
 apostle of homeopathy, whose doctrine that 
 like is to be cured by like led naturally to the 
 practice of isopathy (q. v.), according to which 
 smallpox is to be treated by variolous pus, 
 tapeworm by ingestion of proglottids, etc. 
 
 Simon's Posture. The dorsal posture with 
 the legs and thighs flexed, the hips elevated, 
 and the thighs abducted. S.'s Symptom, 
 immobility or retraction of the umbilicus dur- 
 ing inspiration, sometimes seen in tuberculous 
 meningitis. S.'s Triangles, two roughly tri- 
 angular areas covering — (1) the lower portion 
 of the abdomen, the inner surface of the thigh 
 to a point 10 to 12 centimeters below the 
 
SIMONART'S BANDS 
 
 887 
 
 SINUS 
 
 pubes, and the inguinal region as far outward 
 as the trochanter (abdominocrural or femoral 
 triangle); .and (2) the axillary and pectoral 
 regions and the inner surface of the arm 
 (brachial triangle). They are frequently the 
 seat of petechial or petechioerythematous 
 rashes during the first three days of smallpox. 
 
 Simonart's Bands, S.'s Threads. Amniotic 
 bands formed by drawn-out adhesions be- 
 tween the fetus and the amnion where the 
 cavity has become distended through the ac- 
 cumulation of fluid. 
 
 Simple {sim'-pl) [simplex, simple]. Not com- 
 plex; consisting of but one substance, or 
 containing only one active substance; not 
 compound. 
 
 Simples {sim'-plz) [simple]. A term for herbs 
 having a medicinal value. 
 
 Sims' Depressor [J. Marion Sims, an 
 American gynecologist]. An instrument for 
 depressing the anterior vaginal wall. S.'s 
 Posture, the semiprone position for vaginal 
 operations. S.'s Speculum, the duckbill 
 vaginal speculum for the perineum. 
 
 Simulation {sim-u-la' -shun) [simulare, to 
 feign]. A feigning or counterfeiting. 
 
 Sinai {si'-nal). Relating to or situated within 
 a sinus. 
 
 Sinalbin {sin-al'-bin). See under Mustard. 
 
 Sinamin {sin'-am-in), C 3 H 5 CN. Allyl cyana- 
 mid, a substance obtained from crude oil 
 of mustard. 
 
 Sinapin {sin'-ap-in) [ocvanc, mustard], C 16 - 
 N 23 O s . A substance occurring as a sulfo- 
 cyanate in white mustard. 
 
 Sinapis {sin-a' -pis) . Mustard. See Mustard. 
 
 Sinapism {sin' -ap-izm) [sinapis]. A mustard- 
 plaster. 
 
 Sinapized {sin' -ap-izd) [sinapis]. Containing 
 mustard. 
 
 Sinapol {sin'-ap-oT). A mixture recommended 
 as an application for neuralgia, rheumatism, 
 etc., said to consist of spirit of rosemary 
 (1 : 15), 780 Gm.; castor-oil, 120 Gm.; 
 menthol, 30 Gm.; essence of mustard, 30 
 Gm. ; aconitin, 0.4 Gm. 
 
 Sinapolin {sin-a p'-ol-in). Diallylurea, a sub- 
 stance obtained from mustard oil by heating 
 with water and lead oxid. 
 
 Sincalin (sing'-ka-lin). A base found in mus- 
 tard and identified with cholin. 
 
 Sincipital {sin-sip' -it-al) [sinciput]. Pertain- 
 ing to the sinciput. 
 
 Sinciput {sin' -sip-ut) [semi, half; caput, head]. 
 The superior and anterior part of the head. 
 
 Sinew {sin'-u). A tendon {q. v.). 
 
 Singult {sin'-gult) [singultus, a sobbing]. A 
 sob. 
 
 Singultient {sin-gul'-she-ent). Sobbing; sigh- 
 ing. 
 
 Singultous {sin- gulf -us). Relating to or af- 
 fected with hiccup. 
 
 Singultus {sin-gul'-tus). See Hiccup. 
 
 Sinigrin {sin'-ig-rin). A glucosid found in 
 black mustard. 
 
 Sinistrad {sin' -is-trad) [sinister, left; ad, 
 toward]. Toward the left. 
 
 Sinistral {sin' -is-tral) [sinister]. 1. On the 
 left side. 2. Showing preference for the left 
 hand, eye, foot, etc., for certain acts or 
 functions. 
 
 Sinistrality {sin-is-tral'-it-e) [sinister]. The 
 preference generally for the left hand, eye, 
 foot, etc., in performing certain acts. 
 
 Sinistration {sin-is-tra' -shun) . 1. A turning 
 to the left. 2. Sinistrality. 
 
 Sinistraural {sin-is-traw' -rat) [sinister; auris, 
 ear]. Left-eared; the reverse is dextr aural. 
 
 Sinistrin {sin' -is-trin) [sinister]. A substance 
 resembling dextrin, found in squill. S., 
 Animal. See under Helicoproteid. 
 
 Sinistro- {sin-is-tro-) [sinister, left]. A prefix 
 meaning left or toward the left side. 
 
 Sinistrocardial {sin-is-tro-kar' -de-al) [sinistro-; 
 napd'ca, heart]. Having the heart to the left 
 of the median line; the reverse is dextro car dial. 
 
 Sinistrocerebral {sin-is-tro-ser' -e-bral) . 1. Lo- 
 cated in the left cerebral hemisphere. 2. 
 Functionating preferentially with the left side 
 of the brain; the reverse is dextrocerebral. 
 
 Sinistrocular {sin-is-trok'-u-lar). Left-eyed; 
 the reverse is dextrocular. 
 
 Sinistrogyric {sin-is-tro-ji'-rik). See Sinis- 
 trorse. 
 
 Sinistrohepatal {sin-is-tro-hep' -at-al) [sinistro-; 
 yizap, liver]. Having the liver to the left of 
 the median line; the reverse is dextrohepatal. 
 
 Sinistromanual {sin-is-tro-man' -u-al) [sinistro-; 
 mantis, hand]. Left-handed; the reverse is 
 dextromanual. 
 
 Sinistropedal {sin-is-tro p'-ed-af) [sinistro-; pes, 
 foot]. Left-footed ; the reverse is dextropedal. 
 
 Sinistrophoria {sin-is-tro-) o'-re-ah). See Levo- 
 phoria. 
 
 Sinistrorse {sin'-is-trors) [sinistro-; vertere, to 
 turn]. In biology, turning from right to left. 
 
 Sinistrosplenic {sin-is-tro-splen'-ik). Having 
 the spleen to the left of the median line; the 
 reverse is dextro splenic. 
 
 Sinistrotorsion {sin-is-tro-tor' -shun) [sinistro-; 
 torquere, to turn]. A . twisting or turning 
 toward the left; the reverse is dextr otorsion. 
 
 Sinistrous {sin'-is-trus). Awkward; unskilled; 
 the reverse is dextrous, skilled, expert. 
 
 Sinkalin, Sinkolin {sink'-al-in, -ol-in). See 
 Cholin. 
 
 Sinus {si'-nus) [L., "a gulf or hollow"]. 1. A 
 hollow or cavity; a recess or pocket. 2. A 
 large channel containing blood, especially one 
 containing venous blood. 3. A suppurating 
 tract. Sinuses, Accessory, of the Nose, the 
 maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid 
 sinuses. S., Air-, a cavity within bones con- 
 taining air, especially one communicating 
 with the nasal passages. S., Aortic. See 
 S. of Valsalva. S., Arlt's, a small depression, 
 directed forward and outward, in the lower 
 portion of the lacrimal sac; it is not constant. 
 S., Cavernous, a large venous sinus extend- 
 ing from the sphenoid fissure to the apex of 
 the petrous portion of the temporal bone, 
 communicating behind with the inferior and 
 superior petrosal sinuses and receiving the oph- 
 thalmic vein in front. S., Circular, a venous 
 
SINUS 
 
 888 
 
 SITOTOXICON 
 
 sinus surrounding the pituitary body, and com- 
 municating on each side with the cavernous 
 sinus. S., Common, of the Vestibule. 
 See Utricle (i). S., Goronary (of the heart), 
 a large venous sinus in the transverse groove 
 between the left auricle and left ventricle of 
 the heart. S., Duncan's, the fifth ventricle. 
 S., Ethmoid, the ethmoid cells. S., Frontal, 
 one of the two irregular cavities in the frontal 
 bone containing air and communicating with 
 the nose by the infundibulum. S., Guerin's, 
 the lacuna magna, situated in the mesial line 
 of the upper wall of the urethra, near the 
 external meatus. S. of the Heart, the chief 
 cavity of either of the auricles. S., Inferior 
 Longitudinal, a venous sinus which extends 
 along the posterior half of the lower border 
 of the falx cerebri and terminates in the 
 straight sinus. S., Inferior Petrosal, a 
 large venous sinus arising from the cavernous 
 sinus running along the lower margin of the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, and 
 joining the lateral sinus to form the internal 
 jugular vein. S. of Kidney, the prolongation 
 inward of the hilum of the kidney. S. of 
 the Larynx, the ventricle of the larynx. S., 
 Lateral, a venous sinus which begins at the 
 torcular herophili and runs horizontally on 
 the inner surface of the occipital bone to the 
 base of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 bone, where it unites with the inferior pe- 
 trosal sinus to form the internal jugular vein. 
 S., Lieutaud's, the straight sinus. S., 
 Littre's, the transverse sinus. Sinuses, 
 Mastoid, the mastoid cells. S. of Mor- 
 gagni, the interval between the upper border 
 of the superior constrictor muscle and the 
 basilar process of the occipital bone. S., 
 Occipital, a small venous sinus in the at- 
 tached margin of the falx cerebelli, opening 
 into the torcular herophili. S., Petrosquam- 
 osal. See Petrosquamosal Sinus. S. -phleb- 
 itis, inflammation of one of the sinuses of the 
 cranial cavity. S. pocularis. See Uterus 
 masculinus. Sinuses, Precaval. See Ducts 
 of Cuvier. S., Prostatic. See Uterus mascu- 
 linus. S., Rhomboid, S. rhomboideus, 
 the fourth ventricle of the brain. S., Sagit- 
 tal, Inferior. See S., Inferior Longitudinal. 
 S., Sphenoid, the air-space in the body of the 
 sphenoid bone, communicating with the nasal 
 cavity. S., Squamosopetrosal. See Petro- 
 squamosal Sinus. S., Straight, a venous si- 
 nus running from the inferior longitudinal si- 
 nus along the junction of the falx cerebri 
 and tentorium to the lateral sinus. S., Sup- 
 erior Longitudinal, a venous sinus which 
 runs along the upper edge of the falx cerebri, 
 beginning in front at the crista galli and 
 terminating at the torcular herophili. S., 
 Superior Petrosal, a venous sinus run- 
 ning in a groove in the petrous portion 
 of the temporal bone, extending from the 
 posterior part of the cavernous sinus to the 
 lateral sinus. S., Terminal, S. terminalis, 
 a vein that encircles the vascular area of 
 the blastoderm, and empties either by one 
 
 trunk, the anterior vitelline vein, into the left 
 vitelline vein, or by two trunks into both 
 vitelline veins. S. -thrombosis, thrombosis 
 of the sinuses of the dura mater of the brain. 
 It is usually septic in character, and is likely 
 to lead to pyemia. The most frequent cause 
 is disease of the middle ear. S., Transverse, 
 a sinus uniting the inferior petrosal sinuses. 
 S., Urogenital, the canal or duct into which, 
 in the embryo, the wolffian ducts and the 
 bladder empty, and which opens into the 
 cloaca. S. of Valsalva, one of the pouch- 
 like dilations of the aorta or pulmonary 
 artery opposite the segments of the semilunar 
 valves. 
 
 Sinusitis {si-nus-i'-tis). Inflammation of a 
 sinus. S., Serous, S., Chronic Catarrhal. 
 See Mucocele. 
 
 Sinusoidal {si-nus-oid'-aT). Pertaining to or 
 derived from a sinusoid. 
 
 Sinusoids (si'-nus-oids) [sinus; eldoc, like- 
 ness]. A system of relatively large spaces or 
 tubes constituting the embryonic circulatory 
 system in the suprarenal gland; also in the 
 liver and the pronephron and mesonephron; 
 the endothelial walls are in close apposition 
 to the cells of the parenchyma, without the 
 intervention of connective tissue. 
 
 Sionagra {si-on-a'-grah) [ocayojv, the jaw-bone; 
 ay pa, a seizure]. Gout in the jaw-bone. 
 
 Siphon {si'-Jon) [o'c^wv, a tube]. A tube bent 
 at an angle, one arm of which is longer than 
 the other, for the purpose of removing liquids 
 from a cavity or vessel. 
 
 Siphonoma (si-fon-o'-mah) [siphon; opta, 
 tumor]. A tumor composed of fine tubes. 
 Syn., Henle's tubular tumor. 
 
 Sirenomelus {si-ren-om' -el-us) [ostp-qv, mer- 
 maid; fi&oc', a limb]. A form of monster in 
 which the lower extremities are intimately 
 fused, the feet being absent. 
 
 Sirolin (sir'-ol-in). Thiocol, 10%, in a syrup 
 of orange bark. It is used in tuberculosis, 
 bronchitis, and intestinal catarrh. Dose 3 
 or 4 teaspoonfuls (15-20 Cc.) daily. 
 
 Sirup (sir' -up). See Syrup. 
 
 Sisymbrium {sis-im' -bre-um) [owjjiftpcov, from 
 oaf, a pig; op.@pcoc, rainy, wet; a plant grow- 
 ing in wet places where swine wallowed]. A 
 genus of cruciferous plants. 5. officinale, wild 
 mustard, singer's herb, is a European species, 
 laxative, diuretic, and expectorant, and is 
 employed in laryngeal catarrh and laryngitis. 
 Dose 3 cupfuls a day of a decoction of 30 
 Gm. of the leaves, sweetened with 60 Gm. of 
 a syrup of the drug made in the usual way. 
 
 Sitieirgia (sit-e-ir f -je-ah) [oacov, food; etpyecv, 
 to shut out]. Sollier's term for hysteric ano- 
 rexia. 
 
 Sitogen (si'-to-jen). A vegetable food-product 
 intended to replace meat-extracts. 
 
 Sitomania {si-to-ma' -ne-ah) [olxoc, food; tiav'ca, 
 madness]. 1. A periodic craving for food; 
 periodic bulimia. 2. Sitophobia. 
 
 Sitophobia (si-to-fo'-be-ah) [olroc, food; 4>6fioc, 
 fear]. Morbid aversion to food. 
 
 Sitotoxicon {si-to-toks' -ik-on) [a hoc, food; 
 
SITOTOXIN 
 
 SKELETOTOPIC 
 
 to£ckov, poison]. The active poisonous agent 
 in sitotoxism; all sitotoxicons are not of bac- 
 terial origin. 
 
 Sitotoxin {si-to-toks' -in) [see Sitotoxicon]. Any 
 basic poison generated in vegetable food by 
 growth of bacteria or fungi. 
 
 Sitotoxism {si-to-toks' -izm) [see Sitotoxicon]. 
 Poisoning with vegetable food infected with 
 molds and bacteria. 
 
 Situs {si'-tus) [L., "site"]. A position. S. 
 viscerum inversus, an anomaly in which the 
 viscera of the body are changed from the nor- 
 mal to the opposite side of the body. 
 
 Sitzbath {sits' -bath) [Ger., Sitz, a seat; bath]. 
 A hip-bath; a bath taken in a sitting pos- 
 ture. 
 
 Sjoeqvist's Test for the Quantita- 
 tive Estimation of Free HC1 in 
 the Gastric Juice. It depends 
 upon the action of barium carbon- 
 ate on the acid of the secretion, the 
 hydrochloric acid being estimated 
 as barium chlorid by means of 
 titration with a solution of potas- 
 sium dichromate. 
 
 Skatol {skat'-ol) [oKaroc, gen. of 
 oK<I)p, dung], C 9 H 9 N 2 . A nitrogen- 
 ous compound produced by the 
 decomposition of proteids in the 
 intestinal canal. 
 
 Skeer's Sign. A yellowish-brown 
 ring near the pupillary margin of 
 the iris, observed in the early stage 
 of some cases of tuberculous men- 
 ingitis. 
 
 Skeletal {skeV -et-al) [skeleton]. Per- 
 taining to or connected with the 
 skeleton or supporting structure of 
 a body. 
 
 Skeletins {skeV -et-inz) [skeleton]. 
 A name given to a number of 
 insoluble epithelial products found 
 chiefly in invertebrates. 
 
 Skeletization (skel-et-i-za'-shun) 
 
 [skeleton]. The process of conver- 
 ting into a skeleton; gradual 
 wasting of the soft parts, leaving 
 only the skeleton. 
 
 Skeleto- {skel-et-o-) [skeleton]. A 
 prefix meaning relating to the skel- 
 eton. 
 
 Skeletogenous {skel - et - of -en- us) 
 [skeleto-; yewav, to produce]. Pro- 
 ducing a skeleton or skeletal tis- 
 sues. 
 
 Skeletography {skel - et - og' -ra- fe) 
 [skeleto-; ypafyecv, to write]. A de- 
 scription of the skeleton. 
 
 Skeletology {skel-et-oV -o-je) [skeleto-; 
 Xoyoc, science]. The branch of 
 anatomy treating of the skeleton. 
 
 Skeleton {skel' -et - on) [oksXstov, a 
 dried body, from o/ciXXeiv, to dry 
 up]. A supporting structure, es- 
 pecially the bony framework {osseous 
 skeleton) supporting and protecting 
 the soft parts of an organism. S., 
 
 Cartilaginous, the cartilaginous structure 
 from which the bony skeleton is formed 
 through ossification. 
 
 Skeletonize {skeV -e-ton-iz) . To reduce to a 
 skeleton. 
 
 Skeletopeia, {skel -et-o -pe' -e - ah) [skeleto-; 
 kocs'cv, to do]. The branch of anatomy 
 dealing with the construction of skeletons 
 and the preliminary preparation of the 
 bones. 
 
 Skeletopy {skel-et'-op-e). See Skeletotopy. 
 
 Skeletotopic {skel-et-o -to p'-ik). Applied by 
 Waldeyer to such topographic description as 
 refers a part or organ to its relation to the 
 skeleton. > 
 
 Cervical verte- 
 bras. 
 
 Tarsus. 
 
 Metatarsus. 
 
 Phalanges. 
 
 Bony Skeleton. — (Brubaker.) 
 
SKELETOTOPY 
 
 890 
 
 SKULL 
 
 Skeletotopy (skel-et-ot'-o-pe) [skeleto-; totzoc, 
 a place]. Waldeyer's term for the relation of 
 an organ or part to the osseous skeleton of the 
 whole organism. Cf. Holotopy; Idiotopy; 
 Syntopy. 
 
 Skene's Glands. Two complex tubular glands 
 in the mucosa of the female urethra opening by 
 small ducts just within the meatus urinarius. 
 
 Skerljivo. See Scherlievo. 
 
 Skiagram (ski'-ag-ram) \onca, shadow; -j-pafifia, 
 a writing]. The finished, printed roentgen-ray 
 picture. Syn., Inductogram; Shadowgram. 
 
 Skiagraph (ski'-ag-raf). See Skiagram. 
 
 Skiagrapher (ski-ag'-raf-er). An adept in 'ski- 
 agraphy. 
 
 Skiagraphy (ski-ag'-ra-fe) [onia, shadow; ypa- 
 <f)£cv, to write]. Photography by the roent- 
 gen-rays; skotography, sinography, radiog- 
 raphy, electrography, electroskiography , roent- 
 ography, and the new photography are names 
 that have been used to designate the method. 
 
 Skiameter (ski-am' -et-er) \pnca, shadow; [xezpov, 
 a measure]. An apparatus devised by Biesal- 
 ski for measuring the intensity of the roentgen- 
 rays and for the recognition of fine differences 
 in the density of roentgen-ray shadows. 
 
 Skiametry (ski-am' -et-re). Shadow mensura- 
 tion applied to a method of determining the 
 density of roentgen-ray shadows. 
 
 Skiaporescopy (ski-ap-or-es' -ko-pe). See Rh- 
 inoscopy. 
 
 Skiascope (ski'-as-kop) [on'ca, shadow; ononziv, 
 to view]. An instrument employed in retinos- 
 copy. S.-optometer, an optometer designed 
 for the determination of the refraction of the 
 eye by retinoscopy. 
 
 Skiascopia, Skiascopy (ski-as-ko'-pe-ah, ski- 
 as' -ko-pe). See Retinoscopy. 
 
 Skiatherapy (ski-ah-ther'-ap-e) [oida, shadow; 
 Qtpa.izt-.ta, therapy]. The therapeutic applica- 
 tion of roentgen-rays. 
 
 Skimmetin (skim 1 '-et-in) , C 9 H 6 3 . A dissocia- 
 tion product of skimmin by action of dilute 
 mineral acid with heat; it is perhaps identical 
 with umbelliferone. 
 
 Skimmia (skim'-e-ah) [mijama-skimmi, Jap- 
 anese name]. A genus of the Rutacece. S. 
 japonica is a species of Japan ; the flowers are 
 used to flavor tea; the leaves contain an ether- 
 eal oil; the bark contains the glucosid skim- 
 min. 
 
 Skimmin (skim' -in) , C 15 Hi 6 8 . A glucosid sim- 
 ilar to scopolein and esculin isolated from the 
 bark of Skimmia japonica, occurring in long, 
 colorless needles, soluble in hot water, alcohol, 
 or alkalis, insoluble in chloroform or ether; 
 melts at 210 C. 
 
 Skin [ME.]. The protective covering of the 
 body, composed of the epidermis, scarf-skin, 
 or cuticle, and the corium, or true skin. The 
 epidermis consists of a deep layer, the stratum 
 malpighii, and three superficial layers — the 
 stratum granulosum, the stratum lucidum, and 
 the stratum corneum. The corium, derma, or 
 true skin consists of a papillary and reticular 
 layer (stratum papillare and stratum reticulare), 
 the former projecting upward in the form of 
 
 papillas. . The true skin is made up of elastic 
 tissue, white fibrous tissue, and nonstriped 
 muscular tissue (the arrectores pili). The 
 subcutaneous tissue consists of fibroelastic and 
 adipose tissue. The appendages 0} the skin 
 are the nails, hairs, and sweat- and sebaceous 
 glands, which are derivatives of the epithelial 
 layer of the skin. In the skin are also placed 
 terminal nerve-organs subserving the sense of 
 touch. S., Atrophy of the, a wasting-away 
 or retrogressive change in the skin. Syn., Der- 
 matatrophia. S.-bound Disease. See Sclero- 
 derma. S., Congestion of the, engorgement 
 of the blood-vessels of the skin. Syn. , Dermathe- 
 mia. S., Edema of the, effusion of serum 
 into the areolar tissue of the skin. Syn., Der- 
 matochysis. S., Glossy, a peculiar shiny, 
 glazed skin seen in conditions in which the 
 trophic nerve-supply to the skin is cut off, as 
 after injury to a nerve. S., Goose-. See 
 Goose-flesh. S.^grafting, the application of 
 pieces of the outer layers of healthy skin to a 
 granulating surface for the purpose of hasten- 
 ing its cicatrization. (1) Autoepidermic : 
 When the epithelial cells are taken from the 
 patient, it includes — (a) scrapings from healthy 
 skin; (b) corn shavings; (c) pellicles from 
 blisters; (d) the Ollier-Thiersch method, in 
 which one-half the skin thickness (epidermis, 
 rete, and part of the cutis proper) is required ; 
 and (e) the Krause method, in which the whole 
 thickness of the skin is used in grafting. (2) 
 Heteroepidermic: When the epithelial cells 
 are furnished by another person. (3) Zooder- 
 mic: When the skin is removed from lower spe- 
 cies, as the use of — (a) small pieces of sponge ; 
 (b) frog skin; (c) inner membrane of hens' eggs; 
 (d) inner surface of pullets' wings; (e) skin of 
 pups; (/) skin of guineapigs; (g) skin of rab- 
 bits. S. , Hypertrophy of the , excessive growth 
 of the skin. Syn., Dermathypertrophia. S., 
 Neuralgia of the. See Dermatalgia. S., 
 Pigmentation of the. See Dermatodys- 
 chroia. S.-shedding. See Keratolysis. 
 
 Skoda's Sign, S.'s Resonance, S.'s Tympany. 
 See Sign, Skoda's. 
 
 Skodaic Resonance. See Sign, Skoda's. 
 
 Skookum Chuck [Amerind, "good water"]. 
 A homeopathic remedy for skin diseases con- 
 sisting of a trituration of the salts of the spring 
 of this name. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.) in one- 
 half glass of water; teaspoonful every 2 or 3 
 hours. 
 
 Skotograph (sko'-to-graj). See Skiagraph. 
 
 Skotography (sko-tog'-raf-e). Synonym of 
 Skiagraphy. 
 
 Skull (skul) [Icel., skal, a bowl]. The bony 
 framework of the head, consisting of the cran- 
 ium and the face. The cranium is made up of 
 the occipital, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid 
 bones, and the two parietal and two temporal 
 bones. The face is composed of two nasal, 
 two superior maxillary, two lacrimal, two malar, 
 two palate, and two inferior turbinated bones, 
 and the vomer and inferior maxillary bone. 
 Modes 0} measuring the capacity of the 
 skull: Broca's method: 1. The skull, made 
 
SKUNK-CABBAGE 
 
 891 
 
 SOAP 
 
 impermeable, is filled with water, which can 
 be weighed or measured. 2. The skull is 
 packed with shot, which is then measured; 
 but both the filling and measuring are aided by 
 certain implements, and especially by a funnel 
 of certain dimensions, which controls the 
 flow of the shot, and every step of the procedure 
 follows definite rules. Method of Busk, Flower, 
 or Tiedemann: the skull is filled with small, 
 rounded seeds, beads, shot, or other substance, 
 and the contents are then measured. The fill- 
 ing or the measuring (or both) is aided by cer- 
 tain manipulations (tilting, tapping, etc.). 
 Method of Schmidt or Matthews. See Broca 's 
 method above. Welcker's method: the mode of 
 filling the skull, so long as efficient and uniform, 
 is immaterial; all that is required is that each 
 worker should, with the aid of a standard skull, 
 find the exact size of the funnel necessary to 
 give him, in measuring, the correct result with 
 his particular method and substance used for 
 the filling of the skull. S.-cap. 1. The 
 top of the skull. 2. See Scutellaria. 
 
 Skunk- cabbage. Dracontium fcetidum, the 
 rhizome of which is stimulant, antispas- 
 modic, and narcotic, and has been used in 
 asthma, rheumatism, hysteria, and dropsy. 
 
 Slabber (slob'-ur). See Slaver. 
 
 Slag-wool. Mineral wool. 
 
 Slake (slak) [AS., sleccan, to quench; extinguish]. 
 1. To quench or appease. 2. To disintegrate 
 by the action of water. 
 
 Slaver (slav'-er) [ME.]. Drivel; saliva, espe- 
 cially such as is discharged involuntarily. 
 
 Sleep. The periodic state of rest in which vol- 
 untary consciousness and activity cease. S.- 
 epilepsy. See Narcolepsy. S., Hypnotic, 
 S., Magnetic, S., Mesmeric. See Hypnot- 
 ism. S.-walking. See Somnambulance. 
 
 Sleeping-sickness. See African Lethargy. 
 
 Slender Column. See Funiculus gracilis. S. 
 Lobe of Cerebellum, a small lobe in the in- 
 ferior surface of the cerebellum. 
 
 Slide (slid). A small, rectangular plate of glass 
 upon which objects intended for examination 
 with the microscope are placed. 
 
 Sling. A swinging bandage for supporting an 
 arm or other part. 
 
 Slough (sluf) [ME., slouh, the skin of a snake]. 
 A mass of soft tissues destroyed by gangrene. 
 
 Sloughing (sluf'-ing) [slough]. Pertaining to 
 or characterized by sloughs. 
 
 Smallpox. See Variola. 
 
 Smegma (smeg'-mah) [a/irjyfia, a cleansing sub- 
 stance]. Sebum. S., Prepuce, S. praeputii, 
 or simply smegma, the substance secreted by 
 the sebaceous glands of the prepuce. 
 
 Smell. 1. The perception of odor. 2. Odor. 
 
 Smelling-salts. A name applied to various 
 preparations of ammonium carbonate scented 
 with aromatic substances. 
 
 Smesches (sme'-chez). Puffs of arsenic trioxid 
 gas which occasionally escape from the doors 
 of the calcining furnaces in Cornish arsenic 
 works, and which give rise to pulmonary irrita- 
 tion among the workmen. 
 
 Smilacin (smi f -las-in) [smilax]. 1. The 
 
 precipitate from a tincture of the root of sar- 
 .saparilla, Smilax officinalis, alterant, detergent, 
 diaphoretic, and stimulant. Dose 2-5 gr. 
 (0.13-0.32 Gm.). 2. C 40 H 70 O 8 (Fliickiger) or 
 Ci 6 H 3q 6 (Poggiale) or C 15 H ?0 O5 (Peterson). 
 Folchi's name for a saponin-like glucosid 
 found by Palotta, in 1824, in sarsaparilla-root 
 (various species of Smilax), and named by 
 him pariglin. It forms a yellowish- white pow- 
 der, soluble in water and alcohol; alterative, 
 expectorant* and emetic, and used in syphilis 
 and colds. Dose 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 Gm.). 
 Syn., Parillin (Batha); Salseparin (Thubeuf). 
 
 Smilax (smi'-laks). See Sarsaparilla. 
 
 Smile (smil) [ME., smif]. A joyful expression. 
 S., Levator, S., Nasal, W. R. Gowers' name 
 for a peculiarity of expression in some pa- 
 tients affected with myasthenia, consisting in 
 absence of normal movement at the corners of 
 the mouth. 
 
 Smith's Cramp. An occupation-neurosis oc- 
 curring in smiths, and characterized by pain- 
 ful cramps in the arm or hand. 
 
 Smith's Dislocation of the Foot. See under 
 Dislocation. S.'s Fracture, transverse frac- 
 ture about 5 cm. above the lower extremity 
 of the radius. S.'s Reaction for Bile-pig- 
 ments, pour tincture of iodin carefully over 
 the liquid to be tested. A green ring appears 
 between the two liquids. 
 
 Smith's (Eustace) Disease. Mucous colitis. 
 
 Sn. Symbol for tin [L., stannum]. 
 
 Snaggle-teeth (snag f -l). Irregular and oblique 
 dentition. 
 
 Snakeroot. See Cimicifuga, Senega, and Ser- 
 pentaria. 
 
 Snare [AS., snear, a cord]. A loop of wire or 
 other material used in removing projecting 
 growths. 
 
 Sneeze (snez) [AS., fneosan, to sneeze]. A sud- 
 den, noisy, spasmodic expiration through the 
 nose. 
 
 Sneezing. The act of expelling air violently 
 through the nose. S. , Pregnancy, spasmodic 
 fits of sneezing from hyperemia of the nasal 
 mucosa, following a circulatory disturbance 
 due to pregnancy. 
 
 Snell's Laws. The two laws which govern 
 single refraction: (1) The sine of the incident 
 angle bears a fixed ratio to the sine of the 
 angle of refraction for the same two mediums, 
 the ratio varying with different mediums. (2) 
 The incident and the refracted ray are in the 
 same plane, which is perpendicular to the sur- 
 face separating the two mediums. 
 
 Snellen's Types. See Test-types. 
 
 Snore, Snoring [ME., snoren, to snore]. 1. To 
 breathe through the nose in such manner as to 
 cause a vibration of the soft palate, thereby pro- 
 ducing a rough, audible sound. 2. The sound 
 so produced. 
 
 Snow-blindness. See Blindness, Snow-. 
 
 Snuffles. Coryza, especially of infants, which is 
 frequently due to inherited syphilis. 
 
 Soap [sapo, soap]. A chemic compound made 
 by the union of certain fatty acids with an alkali 
 or other metal. According to the alkali used, 
 
SOB 
 
 892 
 
 SODIUM 
 
 the soap formed is a potash-soap, soda-soap, 
 ammonia-soap, lead-soap, lime-soap, etc. S.- 
 bark. See Quillaia. S., Castile, soap made 
 from olive-oil. S., Gray, soap to which mer- 
 cury and benzoinated fat are added. Syn., 
 Sapo cinereus. S., Green {sapo -mollis, U. S. 
 P.), soft soap, made from linseed-oil and pot- 
 ash. The sapo mollis of the B. P. is made from 
 olive-oil and potash. Syn., Potash-soap. S., 
 Green, Tincture of {linimentum saponis mol- 
 lis, U. S. P., B. P.), liniment of soft soap, used 
 as an anodyne. S.,Hard. See S., Soda-. S. 
 Liniment {linimentum saponis, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 liquid opodeldoc, used as a sedative liniment 
 in rheumatic affections and sprains. S. 
 Plaster {emplastrum saponis, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 used as a local sedative. S., Potash-. See 
 S., Green. S., Soda- {sapo, U. S. P.; sapo 
 durus, B. P.), hard soap, made from sodium 
 hydroxid and olive-oil. It enters into the com- 
 position of various pills, and from it are also 
 prepared soap plaster and soap liniment. S., 
 Soft. See S., Green. S., Spanish, castile soap. 
 Sob. A convulsive inspiration due to contrac- 
 tion of the diaphragm and spasmodic closure 
 of the glottis. 
 Socaloin {so-kal'-o-in), C 15 H 16 7 . Aloin ob- 
 tained from Socotrine aloes. 
 Socia parotidis {so f -se-ah par -of -id-is). A 
 
 small separate lobe of the parotid gland. 
 Sock (sok) [ME., socke]. i. A short-legged 
 stocking. 2. An insole. S. Instep Arch, 
 a device to be worn inside the boot in cases of 
 flat-foot. S.s, Neapolitan, socks containing 
 mercurial ointment, which are to be worn con- 
 tinuously for the purposes of inunction. 
 Socket {sok'-et) [ME., soket]. The concavity 
 
 into_ which a movable part is inserted. 
 Socordia {so-kor' -de-ah) [socors, silly]. Hal- 
 lucination. 
 Soda {so'-dah) [Ital., from L., solidus, solid], i. 
 Sodium oxid, Na 2 0. 2. Sodium carbonate or 
 sodium bicarbonate. See Sodium. S., Bak- 
 ing-, sodium bicarbonate. S., Caustic, so- 
 dium hydroxid. S.-soap. See Soap, Soda-. 
 S., Washing, sodium carbonate. S.-water, 
 water impregnated with carbon dioxid. 
 Sodic {so'-dik) [soda]. Derived from or con- 
 taining soda. 
 Sodium {so'-de-um) [soda]. A metallic element 
 of the alkaline group of metals, melting at 
 95. 6° C, and having a specific gravity of 0.97, 
 an atomic weight of 22.88, and a valence of one. 
 Symbol Na, from the Latin natrium. Sodium 
 occurs widely distributed in nature, and forms 
 an important constituent of animal tissues. It 
 has a strong affinity for oxygen and other non- 
 metallic elements. It is also a constituent of 
 many medicinal preparations. S.-acetanilid 
 Sulfonate, a white, crystalline mass, readily 
 soluble in water, used as a substitute for anti- 
 pyrin. S. Acetate {sodii acetas, U. S. P.), 
 NaC 2 H 3 2 +3H 2 0, is diuretic. Dose 20 gr.- 
 2 dr. (1.3-8.0 Gm.). S. Acid Sulfosalicylate. 
 See S. Sulfosalicylate, Acid. S. Anhydro- 
 methylene citrate, an antilithemic remedy 
 depending for its action upon the liberation of 
 
 formaldehyd in the blood. Syn., Citarin. 
 S. Anisate, 2NaC 3 H 7 3 +H 2 0, small color- 
 less scales, soluble in water; antipyretic and 
 antirheumatic. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.). 
 S. Arsenate {sodii arsenas, U. S. P.), Na 2 HAs- 
 O4+ 7-H 2 0, clear, colorless, poisonous prisms, 
 with mild alkaline taste, soluble in 4 parts of 
 water; alterative, tonic, antiseptic. From it is 
 prepared liquor sodii arsenatis (U. S. P.). Dose 
 Th~ru~h S r - (0.001-0.003-0.008 Gm.). Anti- 
 dotes — emetics, stomach siphon, fresh ferric 
 hydrate, dialyzed iron, ferric hydrate and 
 magnesia, demulcents, stimulants, warmth. 
 S. Arsenate, Exsiccated {sodii arsenas exsic- 
 catus, U. S. P.), Na 2 HAs0 4 . Dose 2V g r - 
 (0.003 Gm.). S. Arseniate. See S. Arsenate. 
 S. Arsenotartrate, a soluble arsenic salt rec- 
 ommended as a substitute for potassium arsen- 
 ite and arsenic trioxid. S. Aurochlorid, Au- 
 Cl 3 NaCl+ 2H 2 0, a golden-yellow powder said 
 to contain 30% of gold and freely soluble in 
 water, sparingly so in alcohol. It is used in 
 syphilis. Dose £-1 gr. (0.01-0.06 Gm.). S. 
 Benzoate {sodii benzoas, U. S. P., B. P.), Na- 
 C 7 H 5 2 , is used in gout, rheumatism, lithemia, 
 influenza, etc. Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). S.- 
 benzoyl-sulfonicimid. See Saccharin. S. 
 Biborate. See S. Borate. S. Bicarbonate 
 {sodii bicarbonas, U. S. P., B. P.), NaHC0 3 , is 
 used as an antacid in dyspepsia, gout, rheu- 
 matism, lithemia, and diabetes. Dose 10 gr.- 
 1 dr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). S. Biiodosalicylate. 
 See S. Diiodo salicylate. S. Bismuth Citro- 
 pyroborate, lustrous leaflets, soluble in water, 
 insoluble in alcohol; used in gastralgia. S. 
 Bisulfate, NaHS0 4 +H L 0; it is used as a 
 means of rendering water infected by typhoid 
 bacilli drinkable and harmless for troops in the 
 field. S. Bisulfite {sodii bisulphis, U. S. P.), 
 NaHS0 3 +H 2 0, opaque prisms or granular 
 powder of disagreeable taste, soluble in 4 parts 
 of water, 72 parts of alcohol, or 2 parts of boil- 
 ing water. It is antipyretic and antiseptic, used 
 in gastric fermentation and as a parasiticide in 
 skin diseases. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 
 Syn., Leucogen. S. Biurate, the deposit of 
 this salt in or upon the tissues of the joints is 
 held to be the etiologic factor in arthritic man- 
 ifestations of gout. S. Borate {sodii boras, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), borax, Na 2 B 4 7 .ioH 2 0, is 
 used in dysmenorrhea, in uric-acid diathesis, 
 in stomatitis, and as an antiseptic. In over- 
 doses it is a depressant poison. See Boron. S. 
 Borobenzoate, a compound of borax, 3 parts, 
 and sodium benzoate, 4 parts, dissolved in 
 water and evaporated. S. Borosalicylate, a 
 hard mass obtained by triturating 32 parts of 
 sodium salicylate and 25 parts of boric acid 
 with a little water; it is a soluble antiseptic. 
 Syn., Bor salicylate; Borsalyl; Borosalicyl. S. 
 Borosulfate, S0 2 .OBO. Na, odorless, vitre- 
 ous masses of faint, harsh, acidulous taste, 
 soluble in 5 parts of water. It is an internal 
 and external antiseptic. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.3- 
 0.6 Gm.) 5 or 6 times daily, in water. Ap- 
 plication, 1 to 2% solution. Syn., Borol. S. 
 Bromid {sodii bromidum, U. S. P., B. P.),Na- 
 
SODIUM 
 
 893 
 
 SODIUM 
 
 Br, is used like the other bromids. Dose \-2 
 dr. (2-8 Gm.). S. Cacodylate, S. Methylar- 
 senate. See Arrhenal and Neoarsycodil. S. 
 Caffein Sulfate, S. Caffein Sulfonate, S. 
 and Caffein Sulfonate, C 8 H 9 N 4 2 .S0 3 Na, 
 soluble in 50 parts of water, in 7 parts of boiling 
 water; used as a diuretic in obesity and dropsy. 
 Syn., Symphorol-sodium; Symphorol N. S. 
 Cantharidinate, a compound of cantharidin, 
 0.2 Gm., and sodium hydroxid, 0.3 Gm., dis- 
 solved in 20 Cc. of water with heat; the solu- 
 tion is made up to 1000 Cc. It is used sub- 
 cutaneously in tuberculosis of the throat. Dose 
 8 gr. (0.5 Gm.). S. Carbolate. See 5. P hen- 
 ate. S. Carbonate, Na 2 C0 3 .ioH 2 0, is used as 
 an antacid, and locally in diseases of the skin 
 and in superficial burns. Dose 10 gr.-4 dr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.). Dried sodium carbonate is 
 used like the carbonate. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32- 
 1.0 Gm.). Unof. S. Carbonate, Monohy- 
 drated (sodii carbonas monohydratus, U. S. P.), 
 Na 2 C0 3 +H 2 0. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.). S. 
 Cetrarate, Na 2 C 18 H H 8 , a microacicular pow- 
 der, soluble in water and used as a tonic. 
 Dose 2-15 gr. (0.13-1.0 Gm.). S. Chlorate 
 (sodii chloras, U. S. P.), NaC10 3 , has medicinal 
 properties similar to those of potassium chlo- 
 rate, but is more soluble. Dose 5-15 gr. 
 (0.32-1.0 Gm.). S. Chlorid (sodii chloridum, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), NaCl, common salt, is a con- 
 stituent of animal fluids and tissues and of 
 food. In medicine it is used as a stomachic; 
 in hemoptysis; as an application to sprains and 
 bruises; as a tonic and stimulant in the form 
 of salt-water baths; as a cathartic; and in the 
 form of a 0.6-0.75 % solution to replace the 
 loss of fluids from hemorrhage or profuse 
 diarrhea, being used as an intravenous, subcu- 
 taneous, or rectal injection. S. Chlorobor- 
 ate, a combination of boric acid, borax, 
 sodium chlorid, and sodium sulfate used as 
 an antiseptic in typhoid, etc. S. Choleate, 
 dried purified oxgall, a yellow powder, soluble 
 in water, and used as a tonic and laxative in 
 chronic constipation. Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32— 
 0.65 Gm.). S. Cinnamate, NaC 9 H 7 2 , a 
 white powder, soluble in water; used intraven- 
 ously in tuberculosis. Dose x^-y gr. (0.005- 
 0.009 Gm.) thrice weekly. Syn., Hetol. S. Ci- 
 trate (sodii citras, U. S. P.), 2Na 3 C 6 H 5 7 + 
 nH 2 0. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). S. Citrate, 
 Neutral, 2Na 3 C 6 H 6 7 +nH 2 0, white crys- 
 tals, soluble in water; used as a purgative in 
 diseases of genitourinary origin, fever, etc. 
 Dose 10-60 gr. (0.65-4.0 Gm.). S. Citro- 
 benzoate, a white, bulky powder, soluble in 
 water; diuretic, antiseptic, and antilithic. S. 
 Citrophosphate. See Melachol. S. Citro- 
 tartrate (sodii citrotartras efjervescens, B. P.), 
 is refrigerant and laxative. Dose 1-2 dr. 
 (4-8 Gm.). S. Copaivate, NaC^H^O,, a yel- 
 low, powdery mass, soluble in water, used as 
 antiseptic and diuretic. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65- 
 2.0 Gm.). S. Corallinate. See S. Rosolate. 
 S. Cresylate, used as in cresol. S.-diiodo- 
 paraphenol Sulfonate. See S. Sozoiodolate. 
 S. Diiodosalicylate 2NaC 7 H 3 I 2 3 +5H 2 0, 
 
 white needles or leaflets, soluble in 50 parts of 
 water at 20 C. It is analgesic and antiseptic 
 and used externally on parasitic and syphilitic 
 sores. S. Dioxid, Na 2 2 , a white powder, 
 soluble in water, used as a bleaching agent and 
 disinfectant in dentistry. Syn., Sodium peroxid. 
 S. Dithionate. See S. Thiosulfate. S. a-Di- 
 thiosalicylate, Na 2 C 14 H 8 O b S 2 , a yellowish 
 powder, soluble in water, used in foot-and- 
 mouth disease. S. /?-Dithiosalicylate,Na 2 C 14 - 
 H 8 6 S 2 , a grayish powder, more soluble in water 
 than the alpha salt. It is used internally in 
 rheumatism, gonorrhea, etc. Dose 1-10 gr. 
 (0.065-0.65 Gm.). Wash in foot-and-mouth 
 disease 2.5 to 5 % solution. S.-ethoxy- 
 phenyl Succinamid. See S. Pheno succinate. 
 S. Ethylate, NaOC 2 H 5 , is used as a caustic. S. 
 Ethylsulfate, NaC 2 H 5 S0 4 +H 2 0, flat, aro- 
 matic crystals, soluble in water or alcohol; used 
 in constipation. Dose 60-300 gr. (4-20 Gm.). 
 S. Fluorid, NaF, shining crystals, soluble in 
 water, used internally in malaria, epilepsy, etc. 
 Dose T2~i gr. (0.005-0.01 Gm.) in solution 
 with sodium bicarbonate; externally as an 
 antiseptic dressing for wounds. Syn., Fluor ol. 
 S. Fluosilicate. See S. Silicofluorid. 
 S. Glycerinoborate, S. Glyceroborate, 
 glycerite of borax obtained by heating 40 parts 
 of borax with 60 parts of glycerol and forming 
 a translucent, brittle mass, soluble in water or 
 alcohol; antiseptic. S. Glycerinophosphate, 
 S. Glycerophosphate, Na 2 P0 4 C 3 H 5 (OH) 2 
 -|-H 2 0, soluble in water; used in neurasthenia, 
 Addison's disease, phosphaturia, etc. In- 
 jections, 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 Gm.) daily in solu- 
 tion of sodium chlorid. S. Glycholate, NaC 26 - 
 H 42 N0 6 , a white powder, soluble in water or 
 alcohol; used in chronic constipation and 
 tuberculosis, and as a remedy for gall-stones. 
 Dose 5 gr. (0.32 Gm.) thrice daily. S.-guaia- 
 col Carbonate, a white powder, soluble in 
 water, similar to but milder than sodium sal- 
 icylate in action. S. Gynocardate, NaC 14 - 
 H 23 2 , a yellow-white powder, soluble in water 
 and alcohol; an antiseptic and alterative, used 
 in leprosy. Dose 5-15 gr. (0.32-1.0 Gm.) 
 twice daily in capsules containing 3 grains each. 
 S. Hippurate, NaC 9 H 8 N0 3 , a white powder, 
 soluble in boiling water; a solvent for uric acid. 
 S. Hydrate. See 5. Hydroxid. S. Hy- 
 droxid (sodii hydroxidum, U. S. P.; soda 
 caustica, B. P.), NaOH, is an extremely 
 corrosive substance, occurring in the form 
 of white pencils; it is used as a caustic 
 and as an antacid, like the bicarbonate. From 
 it is prepared liquor sodii hydroxidi (U. S. P.). 
 Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). S Hypochlo- 
 rite, NaOCl, is a constituent of liquor soda 
 chlorinates (U. S. P., B. P.), Labarraque's so- 
 lution. S. Hypophosphite (sodii hypophos- 
 phis, U. S. P., B. P.), NaPH 2 2 H 2 0, is used 
 like the other hypophosphites in pulmonary 
 tuberculosis, scrofula, rickets, etc. Dose 10- 
 30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). S. Hyposulfite. See 
 S. Thiosulfate. S. Ichthyol, S. Ichthyol- 
 sulfonate, a dark-brown mass prepared by 
 neutralizing ichthyol-sulfonic acid with an 
 
SODIUM 
 
 894 
 
 SODIUM 
 
 aqueous solution of sodium hydroxid. S. 
 Indigosulfate, indigo-carmin. S. Iodid (so- 
 dii iodidum, U. S. P., B. P.), Nal, is used like 
 potassium iodid. S. Kussinate, NaC 31 H 27 - 
 O 10 , an intensely bitter, yellowish, amorphous 
 mass, soluble in hot water and alcohol; used 
 as a vermifuge. S. Lactate, NaC 3 H 5 3 , a 
 thick syrup used as a hypnotic. Dose 2-4 dr. 
 (8-16 Gm.) in sweetened water. S. and 
 Magnesium Borocitrate, a white antiseptic 
 powder used in lithiasis. Dose 5-30 gr. (0.32- 
 2.0 Gm.). S. Mercurophenyl Disulfonate. 
 See Hermophenol. S. Metavanadate, an 
 alterative and succedaneum for arsenic. Dose 
 -L-J gr. (0.001-0.008 Gm.). S.-methoxysal- 
 icylate. See S.-guaiacol Carbonate. S. 
 Methylarsenite. See Neoarsycodil. Cf. 
 Arrhenal. S. /?-Naphtholate, S.-betanaph- 
 thol, S.-naphthol, microcidin. S. Nitrate 
 (sodii nitras, U. S. P., B. P.), NaN0 3 , has been 
 used in dysentery. Dose ^-1 oz. (16-32 Cc). 
 S. Nitrite {sodii nitris, U. S. P., B. P.), NaN- 
 2 , colorless crystals, soluble in water, 
 used as a diuretic and antispasmodic like 
 the other nitrites, but its effects are more 
 slowly produced and more permanent. 
 Dose \-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 Gm.). Rec- 
 ommended for lowering blood-pressure in 
 doses of 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.2 Gm.) every 
 2 to 4 hours. See Nitrite. S. Nitroprussid, 
 Na 2 F 2 (CN) 5 N0, is used as a reagent. S. 
 Nucleinate, a white powder, soluble in 
 water, used in puerperal affections and 
 pneumonia and in diagnosing, tuber- 
 culosis. Dose 30-46 gr. (2-3 Gm.). S. 
 Oleate, a compound of NaC l8 H 33 2 , with 
 excess of oleic acid, a yellowish mass, 
 soluble in water. Syn., Eunatrol. S. Ortho- 
 dinitrocresylate. See Antinonnin. S. 
 Orthophosphate. See S. Phosphate. S. 
 Ossalinate, a substitute for cod-liver oil; the 
 sodium compound of the acid of ox-marrow. 
 S. a-Oxynaphtholate, C 10 H 6 (OH). COONa, 
 a white, odorless powder, antiseptic and anti- 
 thermic in action. S. Paracresotate, NaC 8 H 7 - 
 3 Na, a fine, microcrystalline, bitter powder, 
 soluble in 24 parts of warm water, used as an 
 antipyretic and antiseptic. Dose 1-20 gr. 
 (0.065-1.3 Gm.). S. Parafluorobenzoate, 
 is used in tuberculous processes. Dose 8 gr. 
 (0.5 Gm.) 3 times daily. S. Peroxid. See 
 S. Dioxid. S. Persulfate, Na 2 S 2 5 , a bac- 
 teripide and vulnerary, used in 3 to 10 % solu- 
 tion. It is also used as an aperient, 30 gr. (2 
 Gm.) in 10 oz. (295 Cc.) of water, 1 tablespoon- 
 ful daily before the principal meals. Syn., 
 Persodine. S.-phenacetinsulfonate, a soluble 
 succedaneum for acetphenetidin. S.Phenate, 
 NaC 6 H 5 0, white crystals, soluble in water, 
 used as an antiseptic. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.13- 
 0.65 Gm.). S.-phenolphthaleinate. See 
 S. Phenol sulfonate. S. Phenolsulfonate 
 {sodii phenolsulphonas, U. S. P.), NaC 6 H 5 4 S 
 + 2H 2 0, is used locally as an antiseptic and 
 internally as an antiseptic in intestinal fer- 
 mentation. • Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 
 S.-phenolsulforicinate, synthetic phenol, 
 
 20%, and sodium sulforicinate, 80%; used 
 in 20 % aqueous solution in skin diseases and 
 in painting false diphtheric membranes, etc. 
 S. Phenosuccinate, the sodium salt of 
 phenosuccin, a white powder, soluble in 
 water. It is antipyretic and antineuralgic. 
 Dose 7^-16 gr. (0.5-1.0 Gm.). S. Phos- 
 phate (sodii phosphas, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 disodium orthophosphate, Na 2 HP0 4 +i2H 2 0, 
 occurs in colorless, translucent, monoclinic 
 prisms, of a saline taste. It is soluble 
 in boiling water and melts at 35 C. It 
 is a mild cathartic and antilithic. Dose 
 5-40 gr. (0.32-2.6 Gm.). S. Phosphate, 
 Effervescing (sodii phosphas effervescens, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), is used like the phosphate. 
 Dose 2-4 dr. (8-16 Gm.). S. Phosphate, 
 Exsiccated (sodii phosphas exsiccatus, U. 
 S. P.). Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). S. Polyborate. 
 See S. Tetraborate. S. and Potassium Tar- 
 trate, rochelle salt. See Potassium and 
 Sodium Tartrate. S. Pyrophosphate (sodii 
 pyrophosphas, U. S. P.), Na 4 P 2 7 +ioH 2 0, 
 is used for preparing ferric pyrophosphate; 
 soluble in boiling water; used in lithiasis. 
 Dose 2-20 gr. (0.13-1.3 Gm.). S.-rosanilin- 
 sulfonate, Na 3 C 20 H 15 NO 10 S 3 , crystals with 
 green luster obtained from fuchsin by 
 action of fuming sulfuric acid. Syn., 
 Acid fuchsin; Fuchsin-sodium; Magenta; 
 Rubin. S. Rosolate, NaC 20 H 15 O 3 , red masses 
 with green luster used as a dye. Syn., Sodium 
 corallinate. S. Saccharinate, the sodium 
 salt of soluble saccharin; a white, crystalline 
 powder containing 90 % of saccharin, soluble 
 in water and having a sweetening capacity 450 
 times greater than cane-sugar. It is recom- 
 mended as a valuable intestinal antiseptic. 
 Dose 1 gr. (0.065 Gm.) once or twice daily. 
 Syn., Crystallose. S. Salicylate (sodii salicy- 
 las, U. S. P., B. P.), NaC 7 H 5 3 , has the prop- 
 erties and uses of salicylic acid. It occurs in 
 shining white scales, soluble in 0.9 part of 
 water or 6 parts of alcohol. It is antiseptic, 
 antirheumatic, and antipyretic. Dose 2-30 
 gr. (0.13-2.0 Gm.); maximum dose 60 gr. 
 (4 Gm.) single. S. Santoninate, 2NaC 15 H l9 4 
 + 7H 2 0, bitter acicular crystals in stellate 
 groups, soluble in 3 parts of water, 12 parts of 
 alcohol, 0.5 of boiling water, 3.4 of boiling al- 
 cohol. It is given for intestinal worms. Dose 
 for adults J— 1 gr. (0.016-0.065 Gm.). S. 
 Silicate, Na 2 SiO s , whitish crystals occurring 
 in flat pieces, used in preparing liquor sodii 
 silicatis, which is employed as a surgical dress- 
 ing. Unof. Syn., Soluble glass. S. Sil- 
 icofluorid, Na 2 SiF 6 , white crystals or granular 
 powder soluble in 200 parts of water. It is 
 used as a styptic, antiseptic, and germicide in 
 aqueous solution of 2:1000. Its solution is 
 known as salufer. S. Sozoiodolate, NaOC 6 - 
 H 3 I 2 OHS0 3 -f- 2H 2 0, long crystals, soluble in 14 
 parts of water, alcohol, or 20 parts of glycerol. 
 It is alterative and antiseptic. Dose 5-30 gr. 
 (0.32-2.0 Gm.) daily. In whooping-cough 3 
 gr. (0.2 Gm.) blown into the nose. Externally 
 in skin diseases, syphilis, etc., ointment 10%, 
 
SODIUM 
 
 895 
 
 SOLANUM 
 
 or i % aqueous solution. S. Stearate, S. 
 Stearinate, NaC l8 H 35 2 , soapy, acicular crys- 
 tals or scales, soluble in water; it is used in 
 treatment of parasitic skin diseases. S. Suc- 
 cinate, Na 2 C 4 H 4 4 +6H 2 0, white crystals, 
 freely soluble in water, recommended in catar- 
 rhal icterus. Dose 45 gr. (3 Gm.) daily. S. 
 Sulfanilate, C 6 H 4 NH 2 S0 2 ONa. 2 H 2 0, white 
 plates, soluble in water, recommended in cor- 
 yza. S. Sulfantimonate, Na 3 SbS 4 +oH 2 0, 
 large yellow or colorless crystals with alkaline 
 reaction, soluble in water. Syn., Schlippe's 
 salt. S. Sulfate (sodii sulphas, U. S. P., B. 
 P.), Na 2 S O f 1 oH 2 0, Glauber's salt, isahydra- 
 gog cathartic and diuretic. Dose |-i oz. (16- 
 32 Gm.). S. Sulfate, Effervescing (sodii 
 sulphas effervescens, B. P.), is used for the 
 same purposes as the sulfate. Dose 2-4 
 dr. (8-16 Gm.). S. Sulfite (sodii sulphis, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), Na 2 S0 3 +7H 2 0, is used asis 
 sodium thiosulfate. S. Sulfite Benzoate, a 
 white powder, soluble in water; it is used as a 
 wound antiseptic in the form of a dusting- 
 powder. S. Sulfocaffeate, bitter crystals, 
 slightly soluble in water; a nontoxic, nonir- 
 ritating, powerful diuretic. Dose 15 gr. (1 
 Gm.) in capsules. Syn., Nasrol; Symphorol. 
 S. Sulfocarbolate. See S. Phenolsulfonate. 
 S. Sulforicinate, a compound of sulforicinic 
 acid and sodium hydroxid. A brown, syrupy 
 liquid, soluble in alcohol and water; used as a 
 solvent for iodin, iodoform, etc. Syn., Poly- 
 solve; Solvin. S. Sulforicinate, Phenolized. 
 See S.-phenolsulforicinate. S. Sulfosal- 
 icylate, Acid, NaC 7 H 5 3 S0 3 , white, crystal- 
 line powder, soluble in water, used as an 
 antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose 10-30 gr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.). S. Sulfovinate. See S. 
 Ethylsulfate. S. Sulfurosobenzoate, a clear, 
 colorless liquid, said to be a harmless antiseptic 
 forwounds. S. Tartrate, Na 2 C 4 H 4 3 +2H 2 0, 
 white needles or prisms, soluble in water. 
 Cathartic and diuretic. Used as an antacid 
 and refrigerant in fevers. Dose 4-8 dr. (15- 
 30 Gm.) once a day. S. Taurocholate, Na- 
 C 26 H 44 NSO, a white powder, obtained from 
 bile of herbivora, soluble in water or alcohol. 
 It is used in deficient biliary secretion. Dose 
 2-6 gr. (0.13-0.4 Gm.). S. Tellurate, NaTe- 
 4 +5H 2 0, a white powder, soluble in water. 
 Used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and anti- 
 hidrotic. Dose ^-f gr. (0.016-0.05 Gm.) in 
 elixirs. ■ S. Tetraborate, a compound of equal 
 parts of boric acid and sodium biborate, form- 
 ing an unctuous, insipid powder, neither toxic 
 nor caustic. It is used in conjunctivitis and 
 keratitis. Syn., Antipyohin. S. Thioantimo- 
 nate. See S. Sulfantimonate. S. Thiophen- 
 ate, C 4 H 3 S.SO s Na, a white powder, slightly 
 soluble in water; used on prurigo in 0.5 to 
 1% ointment. S. Thiophenesulfonate, 
 NaQHgS^Os + HgO, a white, scaly powder, 
 containing 33 % of sulfur; used as an antisep- 
 tic on prurigo and skin diseases in 5 to 10% 
 ointment. S. Thiosulfate (sodii thiosulphas, 
 U. S. P., Na 2 S,0 3 +5H 2 0, is used to check 
 fermentation, and locally in parasitic diseases 
 
 of the skin and mouth. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65- 
 1.3 Gm.). S. Trichlorocarbolate, S. Tri- 
 
 chloropnenol, C 6 H 2 Cl 3 .ONa, white needles or 
 crystalline powder, soluble in hot water; anti- 
 septic. S.-tumenol Sulfonate, a compound 
 of sodium and sulfotumenolic acid. A dark- 
 colored, dry powder, soluble in water. Syn., 
 Tumenol. S. Tungstate, Na 2 W0 4 + 2H 2 0, 
 colorless, rhombic, bitter crystals, soluble 
 in 4 parts of water and 2 parts of boiling water. 
 Syn., Sodium wolframite. S. Valerate, S. 
 Valerianate (sodii valerianas, B. P.), is used 
 as a nervous stimulant. Dose 1-5 gr. (0.065- 
 0.32 Gm.). S. Xanthogenate, NaC3Hj,OS 2 , a 
 compound obtained by adding a saturated al- 
 coholic solution of soda to carbon disulfid. It 
 is antiseptic and germicide. 
 
 Sodomy (sod'-om-e) [Sodom, a city of ancient 
 Palestine]. Sexual connection by the anus. 
 
 Sodor (so' -dor). The proprietary name for cap- 
 sules of liquid carbonic acid for preparation of 
 carbonated beverages. 
 
 Soemmering's Bone. The marginal process 
 of the malar bone. S.'s Crystalline Swell- 
 ing, an annular swelling formed in the lower 
 part of the capsule, behind the iris, after ex- 
 traction of the crystalline lens. S.'s Fora- 
 men. See S.'s Yellow Spot. S.'s Ganglion, 
 S.'s Gray Substance, the substantia nigra 
 (locus niger) of the cerebral peduncles. S.'s 
 Ligament, the suspensory ligament of the lac- 
 rimal gland. S.'s Nerve, the long pudendal 
 nerve. S.'s Yellow Spot, the macula lutea of 
 the retina. 
 
 Soft. Yielding readily to pressure; not hard. 
 S. Palate. See Palate. S. Soap. See Soap, 
 Green. S. Water, one containing but little 
 mineral matter and forming free lather with 
 soap. 
 
 Softening (sof'-en-ing). The act of becoming 
 soft. S., Gray, an inflammatory softening of 
 the brain or cord with a gray discoloration. S., 
 Green, a purulent softening of nervous matter. 
 
 Soja-beans, Soy-beans. The edible seeds of 
 Glycine soja, a leguminous plant of the East 
 Indies. The meal of the soja-beans is used in 
 diabetes. They contain a diastatic ferment, 
 casein, cholesterin, lecithin, asparagin, leucin, 
 cholin, hypoxanthin bases, phenylamidopro- 
 . pionic acid, oil (18 %), sugar (12 %). 
 
 Sokra[E. Ind., "without flesh or blood; skele- 
 ton ' ']. Vernacular for trypanosomiasis (q. v.). 
 
 Solanin (so'-lan-in) [solanum, the nightshade]. 
 An alkaloid found in various species of 
 solanum. 
 
 Solanism (so'-lan-izm). Nightshade poisoning 
 from ingestion of berries of Solanum dulcamara 
 or S. nigrum, or rarely through eating unripe 
 potatoes ; due partly to the contained glucosid 
 causing vomiting, pain, and diarrhea, partly 
 to tropein, marked by symptoms of belladonna 
 poisoning. 
 
 Solanum (so-la'-num) [L.]. A genus of the Sol- 
 anacecB, including the tomato, potato, bitter- 
 sweet, and black nightshade. S. carolinense, 
 horse-nettle, is indigenous to the United States; 
 a fluidextract from the fresh berries is recon> 
 
SOLAR GANGLIONS 
 
 896 
 
 SOLUTION 
 
 mended in epilepsy, tetanus, and convulsions 
 of pregnancy. Dose 10-30 min. (0.6-1.8 Cc). 
 It is also used as an abortifacient. 5. crispum, 
 S. gayanum, and S. tomatillo are indigenous 
 to Chili and Peru, and are used under the name 
 oinatrix in inflammatory fevers, in typhus, etc. 
 6 1 . dulcamara, bittersweet, is indigenous to 
 Europe and Asia, and contains dulcamarin 
 and solanin. An extract from the young 
 branches is employed as an alterant and diu- 
 retic in dropsy, cutaneous diseases, and rheu- 
 matism. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 Gm.j. S. 
 insidiosum and S. paniculatum, jurubeba, are 
 species of Brazil, and are alterative and anti- 
 blennorrheic. Dose of fluidextract in gonor- 
 rhea and syphilis 15-30 min. (0.9-1.8 Cc). 
 S. nigrum, nightshade, is found in Europe, 
 Asia, and America, is used as a diuretic and 
 emetic, and externally as a cataplasm. 5. 
 tuberosum is the potato, indigenous to Chili; 
 it contains solanin, solanidin, solanein, and a 
 small amount of tropein. The tubers contain 
 the proteid tuberin. 
 
 Solar Ganglions (so'-lar) [solaris, from sol, the 
 sun, so called because of the radiating nerves]. 
 See under 5. Plexus. S. Plexus, a plexus con- 
 sisting of a network of nerves and ganglions 
 (solar ganglions), and situated behind the 
 stomach and in front of the aorta and crura 
 of the diaphragm. It receives the great 
 splanchnic nerves and filaments from the 
 right pneumogastric nerve, and supplies 
 branches to all the abdominal viscera. 
 
 Solarization (so-lar-i-za' -shun) [sol, the sun]. 
 The application of solar or electric light for 
 therapeutic purposes. 
 
 Solayres' Obliquity. Lateral obliquity. De- 
 scent of the child 's head by its occipitomental 
 diameter into the oblique diameter of the 
 pelvis. 
 
 Soldani's Solution for Glucose. Fifteen Gm. 
 of copper carbonate dissolved in 1400 Cc. of 
 water, to which is added 416 Gm. of potassium 
 bicarbonate. A reduction of copper suboxid 
 is obtained by heating the foregoing solution 
 with a glucose solution. 
 
 Sole (sol) [AS.]. The plantar surface of the 
 foot. S.-reflex. See Reflex, Plantar. 
 
 Solenoid (so' -len-oid) [aojX-qv, a pipe; eldoc, like- 
 ness]. A spiral of conducting wire wound into 
 a cylindric shape so that it is almost equivalent 
 to a number of equal and parallel circuits ar- 
 ranged upon a common axis; in therapeutics 
 the name is applied to a large cage used for 
 holding the patients in teslaization in such 
 manner that they are not in direct communica- 
 tion with the current. 
 
 Soleus (so-le'-us). A flat muscle of the calf. 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Solferino (sol-fer-e'-no) [an Italian city, the 
 scene of a battle]. A synonym of Fuchsin. 
 
 Solicictus (so-lis-ik r -tus). Synonym of Heat- 
 stroke. 
 
 Solid (sol'-id) [solidus, solid]. 1. Firm; dense; 
 not fluid or gaseous. 2. Not hollow. 3. A 
 firm body; a body the molecules of which are 
 in a condition of strong mutual attraction. 
 
 Solidism (sol' -id-izm) [solid]. The theory that 
 diseases depend upon alterations in the solids 
 of the body. 
 
 Solitary (sol' -it-a-re) [solitarius, solitary]. Single; 
 existing separately; not collected together. 
 S. Bundle, a strand of nerve -fibers in the 
 medulla. S. Follicles, S. Glands, minute 
 lymphatic nodules in the mucous membrane 
 of the intestine. 
 
 Sollunar (sol-lu' -nar) [sol, sun; luna, moon]. 
 Influenced by or relating to the sun and the 
 moon. 
 
 Solly's Arciform Band. See Rolando's Arci- 
 form Fibers. 
 
 Solphinol (sol'-fe-nol). A mixture of borax, 
 boric acid, and sulfurous alkalis; a white, 
 crystalline, odorless powder, soluble in 10 parts 
 of water or in 20 parts of glycerol. It is used 
 as an antiseptic. 
 
 Solpugidae (sol-pu' -je-de) [solpuga, a venomous 
 spider]. A group of spider-like arachnids hav- 
 ing closer relationship to the scorpions than to 
 the true spiders. Their bite is poisonous. 
 
 Solubility (sol-u-bil' -it-e) [solubilis, from solvere, 
 to dissolve]. The state of being soluble. 
 
 Soluble (sol'-u-bl) [solubilis]. Capable of being 
 dissolved. 
 
 Solutio (so-lu'-she-o). See Solution. 
 
 Solution (so -lu' -shun) [solutio, from solvere, 
 to loosen]. 1. A separation or break, as 
 solution of continuity. 2. The process of 
 dissolving a solid or of being dissolved. 
 3. A liquid in which a substance has been 
 dissolved. S., Burrow's, one consisting 
 of alum, 5 parts; lead acetate, 25 parts; 
 in 500 parts of water; used to wash old 
 ulcers. S., Colloidal, one obtained by dip- 
 ping bars of metal into pure water and pass- 
 ing a heavy electric current from one bar to 
 the other through the water. The metal 
 under these conditions is torn off in a state of 
 such fine division that it remains suspended in 
 the water in the form of a solution. Syn., 
 Pseudo solution. S. of Cresol, Compound 
 {liquor cresolis compositus, U. S. P.), cresol, 500 
 Gm.; linseed-oil, 350 Gm.; potassium hy- 
 droxid, 80 Gm.; water, to make 1000 Gm. 
 S., Dobell's, one containing 2 dr. of borax, 
 1 of sodium bicarbonate, 45 gr. phenol, 
 1 oz. glycerol, and water to make one pint. 
 S., Donovan's. See Arsenic I odid, Solution 
 of Mercuric and of. S., Fowler's. See Fow- 
 ler's Solution. S., Gowers', for use with the 
 hemoglobin ometer : sodium sulfate, 104 gr.; 
 acetic acid, 1 dr.; distilled water, 4 oz. 
 S. Grammolecular, one in which each liter 
 contains the weight of one atom or molecule 
 of the active chemical expressed in grams. 
 S., Harris' (Thos.), for the preservation 
 of organic urinary sediments: potassium 
 acetate, 60 Gm. ; chloroform, 10 Cc. ; distilled 
 water, 1000 Cc. S.,Hayem's. See Hayem's 
 Solution. S.,Herard's, sodium chlorate, 0.5 
 Gm.; potassium chlorid, 0.25 Gm.; sodium 
 phosphate, 1.25 Gm.; sodium chlorid, 4.5 
 Gm. ; distilled water, 1000 Cc. S.s, Iso- 
 tonic, such as are equal in osmotic pressure, 
 
SOLUTOL 
 
 897 
 
 SOMITE 
 
 S.,Keyes', for use with the hemoglobinom- 
 eter: "Take urine slightly phosphatic, easily 
 obtainable after a meal, about 1020 sp. gr., 
 and make of it a saturated solution with borax. 
 Clouds of earthy phosphates are thrown down. 
 Filtration yields a clear alkaline fluid of sp. 
 gr. about 1030. One-half of water added 
 will reduce the specific gravity to 1020 and 
 the fluid is ready for use." S.,Labarraque's. 
 See Labarraque's Solution. Solutio lithan- 
 tracis acetonica, a solution of coal-tar 10 
 parts, in benzol 20 parts, and acetone 77 
 parts. It is employed in skin diseases. S., 
 Loffler's, menthol, 10 Gm.; toluene, suf- 
 ficient to make 36 Cc; creolin, 2 Cc; ferric 
 chlorid solution, 4 Cc; alcohol, sufficient to 
 make 100 Cc. S., MandPs, a gargle con- 
 sisting of iodin, 6 gr.; potassium iodid, 20 gr.; 
 glycerol, 6 dr.; water, 2 dr. S., Monsel's. 
 See Monsel's Solution. S., Normal. See 
 Normal Solution. S., Normal Saline. See 
 Saline Solution. S., Potain's, for use with 
 the hemoglobinometer: a mixture of a solution 
 of gum acacia, sp. gr. 1020, 1 volume; equal 
 parts of sodium sulfate and sodium chlorid in 
 solution of sp. gr. 1020, 3 volumes. S., Potas- 
 sium Silicate, a colorless, slightly turbid, 
 syrupy liquid with alkaline reaction, consisting 
 of 10 % of potassium silicate in water, K 2 Si0 3 - 
 H 2 0. Solutio retinae, detachment of the 
 retina. S., Saturated. See Saturated (1). 
 S., Sherrington's, for use with the hemo- 
 cytometer: methylene-blue, 0.1 Gm.; sodium 
 chlorid, 1.2 Gm.; neutral potassium oxalate, 
 1.2 Gm. ; distilled water, 300 Cc. S., Test-, 
 a standard solution. S., Thiersch's, a valu- 
 able antiseptic wash for the nose, throat, or 
 stomach, consisting of salicylic acid, 2 parts; 
 boric acid, 12 parts; water, 1000 parts. S., 
 Toisson's, for use with the hemocytometer: 
 methyl-violet, 5 B, 0.025 Gm.; sodium 
 chlorid, 1 Gm. ; sodium sulfate, 8 Gm. ; neutral 
 glycerol, 30 Cc. ; distilled water, 160 Cc. S., 
 Topfer's, a solution of dimethylamidoazo- 
 benzol. S., Trunecek's. See Serum, Trune- 
 cek's. S.s, Van't Hoff's Theory of, "The 
 osmotic pressure of a substance in solution is 
 the same as the gas pressure which would be 
 
 f observed if the substance alone, in gaseous 
 state, occupied the volume of the solution at the 
 same temperature." S., Water-glass. See 
 5., Potassium Silicate. (For solutions not de- 
 fined here see the qualifying word.) 
 
 Solutol {sol-u'-tol) [solution]. An alkaline solu- 
 tion of cresol in sbdium cresylate, used as a 
 disinfectant. 
 
 Solvent {sol' -vent) [solvere, to dissolve]. 1. 
 Capable of dissolving. 2. A liquid capable of 
 dissolving. 
 
 Solveol (sol'-ve-ol). A neutral solution of 
 cresol in sodium cresylate, used as a disin- 
 fectant. 
 
 Solvine {soV-vin). One of a series of liquids ob- 
 tained from certain oils by the action of con- 
 centrated sulfuric acid ; it is a powerful solvent, 
 and also possesses the property of dissolving 
 the red corpuscles. 
 58 
 
 Somacule (so'-mak-ul) [dim. of o<Jj\ia, the body]. 
 A physiologic unit corresponding to, but 
 greatly more complex than, the chemic mole- 
 cule. 
 Somatic {so-mat'-ik) [ooo/iauKoc, from oojfia, 
 body]. 1. Pertaining to the body. 2. Per- 
 taining to the framework of the body and not 
 to the viscera. 
 
 Somaticovisceral {so-mat-ik-o-vis'-er-al) [aajjia, 
 body; viscera]. Relating to the body and the 
 viscera. 
 
 Somatochrome {so-mat'-o-krom) [owfia, body; 
 %pd)fia, color]. Applied by Nissl to a group of 
 nerve-cells possessing a well-defined cell-body 
 completely surrounding the nucleus on all 
 sides, the protoplasm having a distinct contour. 
 This group is divided into arkyochrome, 
 stichochrome, arkyostichochrome, and gyro- 
 chrome nerve-cells. 
 
 Somatodymia {so-mat-o-dim' -e-ah) [oajpta, body; 
 duecv, to enter]. A twin monstrosity in which 
 the trunks are united. There are several 
 varieties: ischiodymia, union by the hips; 
 infraomphalodymia, union in the inferior um- 
 bilical region; omphalodymia, union in the 
 umbilical region; supraomphalodymia, union 
 in the superior umbilical region ; sternodymia, 
 by the sternum; sternoomphalodymia, union 
 by the sternal and the umbilical regions; ver- 
 tebrodymia, union by the vertebras. 
 
 Somatology {so-mat-ol' -o-je) [od>fia, body; Adj-of, 
 science]. The study of anatomy and physi- 
 ology of organized bodies; biology apart 
 from psychology. 
 
 Somatome (so'-mat-om) [oaj/ia, body; roptrj, a 
 cutting]. A transverse segment of an organ- 
 ized body; a somite. 
 
 Somatopleure (so-maf '-o-plur) [otifia, body; 
 rcXeupa, the side]. The body-wall. 
 
 Somatose {so'-mat-oz) [oajpta, body]. A pro- 
 prietary albumose food-product. S.,Ferro-, 
 S., Iron, a preparation of somatose containing 
 2 % of iron. Dose 75-150 gr. (5-10 Gm.) 
 daily. S., Milk, a tasteless, inodorous food 
 in the form of a powder prepared from milk 
 with 5 % of tannic acid; used in chronic dis- 
 eases of the digestive tract. Dose for adults 
 2 or 3 tablespoon fuls (30-45 Cc.) daily. 
 
 Somatosplanchnopleuric (so-mat-o-splank-no- 
 plu'-rik). Relating to the somatopleure and 
 the splanchnopleure. 
 
 Somesthetic, Somaesthetic {so-mes-thet'-ik) 
 [oajfia, body; a'iodrjocc, sensation]. Pertaining 
 to general sensory structures. S. Area, Munk's 
 Korperfuhlsphare, the region of the cortex in 
 which the axons of the general sensory con- 
 duction-path terminate. S. Path, the gen- 
 eral sensory conduction-path leading to the 
 cortex. 
 
 Somiology (so-mi-ol'-o-je) [owfia, body; Myof, 
 science]. A term proposed by Rafinesque, 
 1814, as a common name under which to con- 
 sider the phenomena of organic nature, now 
 covered by the term biology. Syn., Organ- 
 ology; Organomy. 
 
 Somite (so'-mit) [ocdpta, body]. 1 . A segment of 
 the body of an embryo. 2. One of a series of 
 
SOMNAL 
 
 898 
 
 SOUL 
 
 segments of the mesoblast on each side of the 
 dorsal ridge of the embryo; a protovertebra; 
 a protovertebral or mesoblastic somite. 
 
 Somnal {som'-nal) [somnus, sleep]. A crystal- 
 line substance, a compound of chloral hydrate 
 and urethane. It is diuretic and hypnotic. 
 Dose 30- gr. (2 Gm.). 
 
 Somnambulance, Somnambulism {som-nam' - 
 bu-lans, som-nam' -bu-lizm) [somnus, sleep; 
 ambulare, to walk]. 1. The condition of half- 
 sleep, in which the senses are but partially sus- 
 pended; also sleep-walking, a condition in 
 which the individual walks during sleep. 2. 
 The type of hypnotic sleep in which the sub- 
 ject is possessed of all his senses, often having 
 the appearance of one awake, but whose will 
 and consciousness are under the control of the 
 hypnotizer. Somnambulism provoque, 
 sleep-walking induced by mesmerism, hypno- 
 tism, or " electrobiology. ' '. 
 
 Somnambulator, Somnambulist {som-nam' - 
 bu-la-tor, som-nam' -bu-list) . One who walks 
 • in his sleep. 
 
 Somnial {som'-ne-aV) [somniatio, dreaming]. 
 Relating to dreams. 
 
 Somniative, Somniatory {som'-ne-at-iv, som'- 
 ne-at-o-re). Relating to dreaming; produc- 
 ing dreams. 
 
 Somniculous (som-nik'-u-lus) [somnus, sleep]. 
 Drowsy; sleepy. 
 
 Somnifacient {som-ne-fa' -shent) [somnus, sleep; 
 facer e, to make]. 1. Producing sleep. 2. A 
 medicine producing sleep. 
 
 Somniloquence, Somniloquism, Somnilo- 
 quy {som-nil'-o-kwens, som-nil' -o-kwizm, som- 
 nil' -o-kwe) [somnus, sleep; loqui, to talk]. The 
 act of talking during sleep. 
 
 Somniloquist {som-nil' -o-kwist). One given 
 to talking during sleep. 
 
 Somnoform {som' -no-form) . An anesthetic con- 
 sisting of ethyl chlorid, 60%; methyl chlorid, 
 35 %; ethyl bromid, 5 %. 
 
 Somnol {som'-nol). A synthetic product of 
 chloral-urethane with a polyatomic alcohol 
 radicle; used as a hypnotic and cerebral 
 sedative. Dose 2-4 dr. (7.7-15.5 Cc). 
 
 Somnolentia {som-no-len' -she-ah) [L.]. Sleep- 
 drunkenness, a condition of incomplete sleep in 
 which a part of the faculties are abnormally 
 excited, while the others are in repose. 
 
 Somnolescent {som-no-les'-ent) [somnus, sleep]. 
 1. Drowsy. 2. Inducing drowsiness. 
 
 Somnone {som' -non). A proprietary hypnotic 
 said to contain opium, lupulin, and lactucar- 
 ium. Dose 16-32 min. (1-2 Cc). 
 
 Somnopathist {som-nop' -ath-ist) [somnus, sleep; 
 nadoc, disease]. One subject to hypnotic 
 trance. 
 
 Symnopathy {som-nop' -ath-e). Hypnotic som- 
 nambulism. 
 
 Somnos {som'-nos) [somnus, sleep]. A pro- 
 prietary hypnotic formed by the chemic 
 reaction between chloral hydrate and glycerol 
 in certain proportions. 
 
 Sonometer {so-nom'-et-er) [sonus, a sound; 
 fikrpov, a measure]. 1. An instrument for 
 determining the pitch of sounds and their re- 
 
 lation to the musical scale. 2. An instrument 
 for testing hearing. 
 
 Sonorous {so-no'-rus) [sonus, sound]. Capable 
 of producing a musical sound; of rales, low- 
 pitched. 
 
 Soot -cancer, Soot -wart. Epithelioma of the 
 scrotum; so called from its frequency in chim- 
 ney-sweeps. 
 
 Sophistication {so-fis-tik-a'-shun) [ooJ)coxckoc, 
 deceitful]. The adulteration or imitation of 
 a substance. 
 
 Sopor {so'-por) [L.]. Sleep, especially the pro- 
 found sleep symptomatic of a morbid con- 
 dition. 
 
 Soporate {so'-por -at) [sopor]. To stupefy; to 
 render drowsy. 
 
 Soporiferous {so-por-if'-er-us). See Soporific. 
 
 Soporific {so-por-if -ik) [sopor; facere, to make]. 
 1. Producing sleep. 2. A remedy producing 
 sleep. 
 
 Sorbefacient {sor-be-fa' -shent) [sorbere, to suck; 
 facere, to make]. Promoting absorption. 
 
 Sordes {sor'-dez) [sordere, to be foul]. Filth, 
 dirt, especially the crusts that accumulate on 
 the teeth and lips in continued fevers. S. 
 gastricse, undigested gastric debris. Syn., 
 Saburra gastrica. 
 
 Sordid {sor'-did) [sordidus, dirty; filthy]. In 
 biology, of a dull or dirty color. 
 
 Sordidin {sor'-did-in), C 16 H l8 7 or C 13 H 10 O 8 . 
 A substance isolated from the lichen, Zeora 
 sordida. 
 
 Sore. 1. Painful; tender. 2. An ulcer or 
 wound. S., Delhi, S., Penjdeh, S., Natal. 
 See Furunculus orientalis. S. Feet of Coolies, 
 S.s, Water-. See Itch, Coolie. S. Mouth, 
 Ceylon. See Aphtha tropica. S. Throat 
 of Fothergill, ulcerative angina of severe 
 scarlatina (scarlatina anginosa). S., Veld. 
 See under Veld. 
 
 Soret's Band. An absorption band in the ex- 
 treme violet end of the spectrum of blood; it 
 is characteristic of hemoglobin. 
 
 Sorrocco {sor-ok'-o). Puna. An affection re- 
 sembling sea-sickness, common in the high 
 regions of South America. 
 
 Soson {so'-zon). Unaltered meat-albumin, 
 98.5%, in powder. It is odorless and palat- 
 able. 
 
 Sostrum {sos'-trum) [sostron, a reward for sav- 
 ing life]. A physician's fee. 
 
 Souffle {soo'-ft) [Fr.]. A blowing sound. S., 
 Fetal, an inconstant murmur heard over the 
 uterus during pregnancy, and supposed to be 
 due to the compression of the umbilical cord. 
 S., Funic, S., Funicular, a hissing sound, 
 synchronous with the fetal heart-sounds, heard 
 over the abdomen of a pregnant woman, and 
 supposed to be produced in the umbilical cord. 
 S., Placental, S., Uterine, a sound heard in 
 the latter months of pregnancy, and caused 
 by the entrance of blood into the dilated arter- 
 ies of the uterus. S., Splenic, a sound said 
 to be audible over the spleen in cases of 
 malaria and leukemia. 
 
 Soul {sol) [ME., soule]. The moral and emo- 
 tional part of man's nature. S. -blindness. 
 
SOUND 
 
 899 
 
 SPACE 
 
 See Blindness, Psychic, and Apraxia. S.- 
 deafness, deprivation of all sensation of sound 
 or reminiscence of it. S., Spinal, a supposi- 
 titious consciousness present in the spinal cord. 
 S., Stand's, according to the doctrine of George 
 Ernst Stahl (i 660-1 734), the supreme, life-giv- 
 ing, life-preserving principle, distinct from the 
 spirit: when hindered in its operation, disease 
 resulted; it governed the organism chiefly by 
 way of the circulation. His doctrine was 
 called animism, and was a reaction against the 
 chemic and mechanic theories of the seven- 
 teenth century. 
 
 Sound [sonus]. 1. The sensation produced 
 by stimulation of the auditory nerve by aerial 
 vibrations. 2. [Fr., sonder, to probe.] An in- 
 strument for introduction into a channel or 
 cavity, for determining the presence of con- 
 striction, foreign bodies, or other morbid con- 
 ditions, and for the purpose of treatment. S., 
 Pulmonary. See Respiratory Murmur-. 
 
 Southern Fever. Synonym of Texas fever. 
 
 Southernwood. See Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 Southey's Drainage-tubes. Small tubes em- 
 ployed for draining away the fluid from limbs 
 that are the seat of extensive anasarca. 
 
 Soymida (soi'-mid-ah) [Telugu name]. A 
 genus of the Meliacece. S. febrifuga is an 
 East Indian tree that furnishes rotun bark, 
 introduced as a medicine in 1807 and used as 
 a tonic and antiperiodic. 
 
 Sozal (so'-zal). See Aluminium Suljocarbolate. 
 
 Sozin (so'-zin) [ocb^ecv, to save; keep]. A de- 
 fensive proteid occurring naturally in the ani- 
 mal body. One capable of destroying micro- 
 organisms is termed a mycosozin, one antagon- 
 izing bacterial poisons, a toxo sozin. 
 
 Sozoborol (so-zo-bo'-roV). A mixture used in 
 coryza said to consist of aristol, sozoiodol, 
 and borates. 
 
 Sozoiodol, Sozoiodolic Acid (so-zo-i' '-o-dol, 
 so-zo-i-o-dol'-ik) [acoC,£iv, to save; iodol\, 
 C 6 H 2 I 2 (S0 3 H)OH. A crystalline, odorless 
 powder used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and 
 parasiticide, chiefly in the form of its salts, of 
 which the following have been employed: 
 sodium sozoiodol, potassium sozoiodol, zinc 
 sozoiodol, and mercury sozoiodol. S., Lead, 
 fine acicular crystals, sparingly soluble in 
 water. S., Sodium. See Sodium Sozoiodo- 
 late., 
 
 Sozolic Acid (so-zo f -lik). See Aseptol. 
 
 Space (spas) [ME., from L., spatium, space]. A 
 name given for purposes of description to sun- 
 dry inclosed or semiinclosed places within or 
 about the body. S., Anterior Perforated, 
 a triangular space at the mesal side of the 
 sylvian fissure. S., Arachnoid. See S., Sub- 
 arachnoid, and S., Subdural. S., Axillary, 
 the axilla. S.,Bogros',a space between the 
 peritoneum above and the fascia transversalis 
 below, in which the lower portion of the ex- 
 ternal iliac artery can be reached without 
 wounding the peritoneum. S., Bottcher- 
 Cotugno's, S., Cotugno's, the saccus endo- 
 lymphaticus of the internal ear. S., Breg- 
 matic, the anterior fontanel. S. , Circumlen- 
 
 tal, the interspace between the ciliary body and 
 the equator of the lens. S.s, Cir cum vascular 
 Lymph-, channels surrounding the blood- 
 vessels and communicating with lymphatic 
 vessels. S., Colles', the space beneath the 
 perineal fascia containing the ischiocavernosus, 
 transversus perinei, and bulbocavernosus, the 
 bulbous portion of the urethra, the posterior 
 scrotal (labial) vessels and nerves, and loose 
 areolar tissue. S., Complemental (of pleura), 
 the portion of the pleural cavity just above the 
 attachments of the diaphragm which is not 
 filled with lung during inspiration. S., Cor- 
 neal, that between the corneal layers. S.s, 
 Czermak's Interglobular, irregular branched 
 spaces in the crusta petrosa and enamel of the 
 teeth. S., Douglas'. See Culdesac, Douglas' . 
 S., Epidural (of the spinal canal), a lymph- 
 space between the spinal dura and the peri- 
 osteum lining the canal. S. -feelings, Her- 
 ing's term for the perceptions or inferences of 
 space-relations resulting from the retinal 
 image. S. of Fontana, one of the inter- 
 communicating cavities in the spongy tissue 
 occupying the angle between the cornea and 
 the iris. S., Haversian, S., Medullary. 
 See Havers' Spaces. S., Henke's Retro- 
 visceral, the prevertebral space of the thorax 
 which is continuous with the cervical 
 space and is filled with areolar and fatty tissue. 
 S.s, His' Perivascular, lymph-spaces sur- 
 rounding the blood-vessels of the brain and 
 spinal cord. S., Hypoprostatic, the space 
 between the rectum and the prostate. S.s, 
 Intercellular, cavities formed by the splitting 
 or separation of the walls of adjoining cells. 
 S., Intercostal, the space between two con- 
 tiguous ribs. S., Intercrural. See S., Inter- 
 peduncular. S.s, Interfascicular, spaces 
 between the bundles in fibrous tissue. S., 
 Interglobular, an apparent, irregular space 
 in the interglobular substance of the dentin. 
 S.s, Interlamellar, the spaces between the 
 lamellas of the cornea. S., Intermesoblas- 
 tic, the cavity between the visceral and parie- 
 tal laminas of the mesoblastic plates of the 
 embryo. S.s., Intermetatarsal, spaces 
 between the metatarsal bones. S.s, Inter- 
 muscular, in the popliteal region, the spaces 
 between the quadriceps extensor and the 
 posterior muscles of the thigh. S., Inter- 
 osseous, the space between two parallel 
 bones. S., Interparietal. See S., Virchow- 
 Robin's. S., Interpeduncular, a diamond- 
 shaped depression at the base of the brain, 
 lying between the optic tracts and the crura 
 cerebri. S., Interproximate, in dentis- 
 try, the V-shaped space between the prox- 
 imate surfaces of the teeth and the alveolar 
 septum which is filled by the gum. S., In- 
 tertunical. See S., Virchow-Robin' s. S., 
 Intervaginal (of the optic nerve). See S., 
 Subvaginal. S.s, Investing. See S., Lymph-. 
 S., Ischiorectal. See Fossa, Ischiorectal. 
 S., Kiernan's, an interlobular space of the 
 liver. S., Kretzschmann's, a small pocket 
 in the attic of the middle ear situated below 
 
SPACE 
 
 900 
 
 SPARTISM 
 
 Prussack's space. S.s, Kuhnt's, the recesses 
 of the posterior chamber; a series of radial 
 spaces which communicate anteriorly with the 
 posterior chamber of the eye and contain 
 aqueous humor. S., Lacunar. See Lacuna. 
 S.s, Lange's, the rhomboidal meshes of the 
 reticular layer of the skin. S.s, Larrey's, 
 spaces between the parts of the diaphragm at- 
 tached to the sternum and those that are at- 
 tached to the ribs. S., Lesshaft's, Lesshafti 
 rhombus, a locus minoris resistentise existing 
 in the region of the twelfth rib in some in- 
 dividuals, which allows the pointing of an 
 abscess or the protrusion of a hernia. It is 
 bounded, in front, by the external oblique; 
 behind, by the latissimus dorsi; above, by 
 the serratus posticus inferior, and below, by 
 the internal oblique. Syn., GrymfelV s trian- 
 gle; Lumbocostoabdominal triangle; Spatium 
 tendineum lumbale. S., Lymph-, a sinus or 
 space through which lymph passes. S., 
 Macewen's. See Macewen's Triangle,. 
 S.s, Magendie's, imperfectly closed lymph- 
 spaces formed by the separation of the arach- 
 noid from the pia and corresponding to the 
 cerebral sulci. S., Malacarne's. See Tari- 
 nus' Space. S., Marrow-. See Canal, 
 Medullary. S., Meckel's, a dural space in 
 the gasserian ganglion. S., Nuel's. See 
 NueVs Space. S., Pelvirectal. See Fossa, 
 Ischiorectal. S., Perforated. See Perforated 
 Space. S.s, Pericellular, lymph-spaces in the 
 brain. S., Perichoroid, a lymph-space be- 
 tween the sclera and the choroid. S., Peri- 
 gastric, the cavity surrounding the stomach 
 and other viscera. S., Perilenticular, the 
 space surrounding the crystalline lens 
 holding the zonule of Zinn. S.s, Perineu- 
 ral, lymph-spaces between the lamellas of the 
 perineurium. S., Perivascular. See S., 
 Circumvascular Lymph-. S., Perivitelline. 
 See S., Yolk-. S., Pituitary, the space be- 
 tween the two cranial trabeculas wherein the 
 hypophysis appears. S.s, Placental Blood-, 
 the intervillous lacunas of the placenta. S.s, 
 Pleuroperitoneal. See S., Intermesoblastic. 
 S., Poiseuille's. See S., Lymph-. S., Pop- 
 liteal, a lozenge-shaped space at the back of 
 the knee and thigh. S., Posterior Perfor- 
 ated, the depression just behind the albican- 
 tia at the base of the brain. S., Posterior 
 Triangular, the space lying above the clavi- 
 cle and between the sternomastoid and 
 the trapezius muscle and the occiput. S., 
 Prevesical, a space lying immediately above 
 the pubis and between the transversalis fascia 
 and the posterior surface of the rectus abdom- 
 inis. S., Prussack's (Alexander), the small 
 space formed in the attic of the middle ear by 
 the external ligament of the malleus above, the 
 short process of the malleus below, the neck of 
 the malleus internally, and Shrapnell's mem- 
 brane externally. S., Quadrilateral, the 
 anterior and posterior triangles of the neck 
 taken together. S., Quincke's, the space be- 
 tween the third and fourth lumbar vertebras. 
 S., Rectovesical, the space between the blad- 
 
 der and the rectum. S., Retzius'. See S., 
 Prevesical. S., Schwalbe's, the subvaginal 
 space of the optic nerve. S., Semilunar (of 
 Traube). See Semilunar Space of Traube. S.- 
 sense. i. The faculty by which the form of ob- 
 jects is recognized. 2. A sense by which we 
 judge of the relation of objects in space; it is a 
 part of the sense of sight. S., Subarachnoid, 
 the space between the arachnoid and the pia 
 proper. It contains the cerebrospinal fluid. 
 S., Subdural, the space between the dura and 
 the arachnoid. Normally it contains only a 
 capillary layer of fluid. S., Subvaginal, a 
 lymph-space within the sheath of the optic 
 nerve. S., Suprachoroid, the space between 
 the velum interpositum and the fornix. S. 
 of Tenon, a lymph-space between the sclera 
 and the fascia of Tenon. S., Traube 's, a 
 semilunar tympanic space overlying the 
 stomach. See Semilunar. S.,v. Troeltsch's, 
 two small pockets formed in the upper part of 
 the attic of the middle ear by folds of mucous 
 membrane. S., Uterorectal, S., Utero vesi- 
 cal. See Culdesac, Douglas 1 . S., Virchow- 
 Robin's, an adventitious lymph-space found 
 between the coats of the cerebral capillaries. 
 S., Visual, the visual field. S., Yolk-, the 
 space formed by the retraction of the vitellus 
 from the zona pellucida. S., Zang's, the space 
 between the two tendons of origin of the ster- 
 nomastoid in the supraclavicular fossa. 
 
 Spanemia {span-e'-me-ah) [oizavcc;, scarcity; 
 alpta, blood]. Anemia. 
 
 Spaniocardia {span-e-o-kar' -de-ah) [onavcoc, 
 seldom; napdca, heart]. Landois' name for 
 bradycardia. 
 
 Spanish Fever. Synonym of Texas fever. 
 S. Fly. See Cantharides. S. Windlass. See 
 Windlass. 
 
 Spanopnea {span-op 1 '-ne-ah) \01xhvcc, scarcity; 
 Tive'cv, to breathe]. Infrequency of respiratory 
 action. 
 
 Sparadrap {spar' -a-drap) [sparadrapum]. A 
 plaster spread upon cotton, linen, silk, leather, 
 or paper. 
 
 Spargosis {spar-go' -sis) \oTtapyav, to be dis- 
 tended]. 1. Enlargement of the breasts from 
 accumulation of milk. 2. Elephantiasis. 
 
 Spartein {spar'-te-in). An alkaloid found in 
 scoparius. S. Hydro chlorate, C 15 H 26 N 2 . 
 2HCI, colorless crystals, soluble in water or 
 alcohol, used as is the sulfate. S. Hydroio- 
 date, C 15 H 26 N 2 .HI, white needles t soluble in 
 water or alcohol ; usage and dose the same as 
 the sulfate. S. Sulfate, C 15 H 26 N 2 .H 2 S0 4 + 
 5H 2 {sparteincB sulphas, U. S. P.), bitter, 
 colorless prisms, soluble in water or alcohol, 
 boiling at 13 6° C. It is a heart stimulant and 
 diuretic. Dose \-\ gr. (o. 01 1-0.022 Gm.); 
 maximum dose \ gr. (0.032 Gm.) single; f-2 
 gr. (0.05-0.13 Gm.) daily. S. Triiodid, C 15 - 
 H 26 N 2 I 3 , a black powder obtained from an 
 ethereal solution of iodin and spartein; solu- 
 ble in alcohol; usage and dosage the same as 
 the sulfate. 
 
 Spartism {spar'-tizm). Poisoning from spartein; 
 characterized by vomiting, somnolence, 
 
SPASM 
 
 901 
 
 SPECTACLES 
 
 paralytic - like weakness, and accelerated 
 pulse. 
 
 Spasm (spazm) [o7cao[i6c, spasm]. A sudden 
 muscular contraction. S. of Accommoda- 
 tion, spasm of the ciliary muscles, producing 
 accommodation for objects near by. S., Car- 
 popedal, a contraction causing flexion of the 
 fingers and wrist or ankles and toes. S., 
 Clonic, a spasm broken by relaxations of the 
 muscles. S., Clonic, in the Area of the 
 Nervus accessorius. Synonym of Torticollis, 
 Spasmodic. S., Clonic, in the Area of the 
 Portio dura. Synonym of Tic, Painless. 
 S., Cynic. See Cynic Spasm. S., Degluti- 
 tion, a paroxysm of rapid swallowing, noted 
 by Young (1901) as a symptom of whooping- 
 cough. S.s, Fatigue, Poore's term for a 
 group of affections characterized by spasmodic 
 contractions, either clonic or tonic, brought 
 about by voluntary movement, the exciting 
 cause being limited to some particular action. 
 Syn., Business spasms; Coordinated business 
 neuroses (Benedict); Functional spasms 
 (Weir Mitchell); Handicraft spasms; Move- 
 ment spasms; Occupation spasms; Pro- 
 fessional spasms; Ger., Beschdftigungs Neu- 
 rosen. S.s, Friedreich's. Synonym of Para- 
 myoclonus multiplex. S.s, Function, S.s, 
 Functional, S.s, Handicraft. See S.s, 
 Fatigue, and Occupation-neurosis. S., Habit-, 
 a spasm acquired from habit. S., Hammer. 
 See Palsy, Hammer. S., Idiopathic Mus- 
 cular. See Tetany. S., Laryngeal Con- 
 genital, a peculiar stridor developing at 
 birth, and disappearing after one or two 
 years. S., Lock-, a form of writer's cramp 
 in which the fingers become locked on 
 the pen. S., Masticatory (of the face). 
 See Trismus. S., Mimic, facial neuralgia. 
 S.s, Movement. See S.s, Fatigue. S., 
 Muscular, Idiopathic. See Tetany. S., 
 Myopathic, one attending a disease of the 
 muscles. S., Nictitating, S., Nodding. See 
 Eclampsia nutans. S., Occupation, S., 
 Professional. See S.s, Fatigue. S., Pan- 
 tomimic. Synonym of Tic, Painless. S., 
 Penman's. Synonym of Writers' cramp. 
 S., Retrocollic, clonus of the deeper mus- 
 cles of the back of the neck. S., Rom- 
 berg's, masticatory spasm affecting the mus- 
 cles supplied by the motor fibers of the fifth 
 nerve. S., Saltatoric, S., Saltatory, S., 
 Static Reflex. See under Saltatory. S., 
 Telegraphist's, an affection described first 
 by Onimus, 1875. See S.s, Fatigue. S., 
 Tetanic. See 5., Tonic. S., Tonic, a spasm 
 that persists without relaxation for some time. 
 
 Spasmo- (spaz-mo-) [oTtaapidc, spasm]. A 
 prefix denoting pertaining to a spasm. 
 
 Spasmodermic (spaz-mo-der'-mik). Relating 
 to a spasmodic affection of the skin. 
 
 Spasmodic (spaz-mod'-ik) [spasm]. Pertaining 
 to or characterized by spasm. S. Spinal 
 Paralysis. See Lateral Sclerosis. 
 
 Spasmodism (spaz' -mod-izm) [spasm]. Fleury's 
 term for those nervous states that originate in 
 medullary excitation. 
 
 Spasmoneme (spaz'-mo-nem) [spasmo-; vrj/ia, 
 a thread]. The central reticulum or un- 
 dulating bundle of fibrils eccentrically lo- 
 cated in the peduncle of a stalked infusorian 
 (Vorticella) and derived from the myonemes 
 of the body. 
 
 Spasmophilia (spaz -mo-fil'-e- ah) [spasmo-; 
 faXe'tv, to love]. A morbid tendency to con- 
 vulsions. 
 
 Spasmotin (spaz-mo' -tin) . See Sphacelotoxin. 
 
 Spasmotoxin (spaz-mo-toks' -in) [spasmo-; zo£c- 
 kov, poison]. 1. A ptomain-base of composition 
 yet undetermined, obtained by Brieger from 
 cultures of the tetanus germ, together with 
 other unnamed toxins, one of which induced 
 complete tetanus, with salivation and lacrima- 
 tion. Spasmotoxin induces in animals violent 
 clonic and tonic convulsions. See under 
 Ptomain. 2. See Sphacelotoxin. 
 
 Spastic (spas'-tik) [anaaxcKoc, spastic]. Pertain- 
 ing to or characterized by spasm; produced 
 by spasm. S. Diplegia. See Paraplegia, 
 Infantile Spasmodic. S. Paralysis. See 
 Paralysis, Spastic. 
 
 Spasticity (spas-tis'-it-e) [spastic]. The state 
 of being spastic. 
 
 Spathologic (spath-o-loj'-ik) [oTiodav, to go fast; 
 Xofoc;, science]. Relating to rapid prolifera- 
 tion of leukocytes. 
 
 Spatial (spa'-shal) [spatium, space]. Relating 
 to space. 
 
 Spatula (spat'-u-lah) [L. ; dim. of spatha, a ladle]. 
 A flexible blunt blade used for spreading 
 ointments. 
 
 Spay [Gael., spoth]. To remove the ovaries. 
 
 Spearmint (s per' '-mint). See Mentha viridis. 
 
 Specialism (spesh'-al-izm). See Specialty. 
 
 Specialty (spesh'-al-te) [species]. The partic- 
 ular branch pursued by a specialist. 
 
 Species (spe'-shez) [L.]. 1. A subdivision of a 
 genus of animals or plants the individuals of 
 which are either identical in character or differ 
 only in unimportant and inconstant details. 
 2. A powder made from the leaves or other 
 parts of various plants, and used to prepare a 
 medicinal infusion. 
 
 Specific (spe-sif'-ik) [species; facere, to make]. 
 1. Of or pertaining to a species, or to that 
 which distinguishes a thing or makes it of the 
 species of which it is. 2. A medicine which 
 has a distinct curative influence on an indi- 
 vidual disease. 3. Produced by a single micro- 
 organism, as a specific disease; in a restricted 
 sense, syphilitic. S. Gravity. See Gravity, 
 Specific. S. Heat. See Heat, Specific. 
 
 Specificity (spes-if-is'-it-e) [specific]. The 
 quality of being specific. 
 
 S^ecilhxm. _(spe-sil'-um) [L.]. A probe. 
 
 Specimen (spes' -im-en) [L.]. An example; a 
 sample. S. -cooler, a small water-cell im- 
 mediately under the specimen in micropro- 
 jection, to prevent injury from the heat of the 
 radiant. 
 
 Spectacles (spek'-tak-lz) [spectaculum, a show, 
 from spectare, to view]. A pair of lenses set 
 in a frame, and used for the correction of optic 
 defects of the eye. 
 
SPECTRAL 
 
 902 
 
 SPERMATO- 
 
 Spectral (spek'-tral) {spectrum]. Pertaining to 
 a spectrum. 
 
 Spectro- (spek-tro-) [spectrum]. A prefix mean- 
 ing relating to the spectrum. 
 
 Spectrometer (spek - trom' -et- er) [spectro-; 
 jxhpov, a measure]. An instrument for deter- 
 mining the deviation of a ray of light produced 
 by a prism or diffraction-grating, or for ascer- 
 taining the wave-length of a ray of light. 
 
 Spectrometry (spek-trom'-et-re) [spectrometer]. 
 The use of the spectrometer. 
 
 Spectrophone (spek'-tro-fon) [spectro-; <pajvrj, 
 sound]. An apparatus devised by Painter 
 and Bell (1881) for the production of sound by 
 the rays of the spectrum. 
 
 Spectrophotometer (spek-tro-fo-tom'-et-er) 
 
 [spectro-; <}xJog, light; p.kxpov, a measure]. 1. 
 An apparatus for determining the amount of 
 color in spectrum-analysis. 2. Helmholtz's 
 apparatus for mixing colors. 
 
 Spectrophotometry (spek-tro-fo-tom'-et-re). 
 The quantitative estimation of the coloring- 
 matter in a substance by means of the spec- 
 troscope. 
 
 Spectroscope {spek'-tro-skop) [spectro-; okokzIv, 
 to see]. An instrument for the* production 
 and examination of the spectrum. 
 
 Spectroscopic (spek-tro-skop'-ik) [spectroscope]. 
 Pertaining to the spectroscope. 
 
 Spectrotherapy (spek-tro-ther' -ap-e) [spectro-; 
 therapy]. Apery's term for the therapeutic 
 employment of prismatically decomposed 
 rays. 
 
 Spectrum (spek'-trum) [L., "an image"]. 1. 
 The band of rainbow colors produced by de- 
 composing light by means of a prism or a dif- 
 fraction-grating. 2. An after-image or ocular 
 spectrum. S. -analysis, determination of the 
 nature of bodies by the character of their 
 spectrums. S. of Consciousness, in psychol- 
 ogy, a comparison of man 's range of conscious- 
 ness or faculty to the solar spectrum, as seen 
 after passing through a prism or as examined 
 in a spectroscope. S., Solar, the spectrum 
 afforded by the refraction of a ray of sun- 
 light. 
 
 Speculum (spek'-u-lum) [L.]. 1. A mirror. 
 2. An instrument for dilating the opening of 
 
 Nasal Speculum. 
 
 a cavity of the body in order that the interior 
 may be more easily visible, as vaginal specu- 
 lum, rectal speculum, nasal speculum, etc. 3. 
 A tendinous structure. S. citrinum, oint- 
 ment. S. helmontii, the central tendinous 
 
 part of the diaphragm, the centrum nerveum. 
 S. indicum, iron filings. S. lucidum. 
 Same as Septum lucidum. S. matricis, 
 womb-mirror; a vaginal speculum. S. oris, 
 an oral speculum or "mouth mirror." S. 
 rhomboideum, a rhomboid area formed by 
 the tendon of the trapezius muscles at the 
 level of the upper dorsal and lower cervical 
 spines. S., Sims', a vaginal speculum in- 
 vented by J. Marion Sims. 
 
 Speech [AS., sprecan, to speak]. 1. The faculty 
 of expressing thought by spoken words; the 
 act of speaking. 2. The words spoken. S. 
 Center, the cerebral center for speech. See 
 Center, Speech. S., Staccato. See Scanning. 
 
 Spell-bone. The fibula. 
 
 Spence's Test.' A tumor of the mammary 
 gland can be distinguished from an inflam- 
 matory enlargement by the absence, in the 
 latter case, of any tumefaction, there being 
 only the lumpy and wormy sensation of the 
 swollen acini and ducts. 
 
 Spencer's Area. A cortical area in the frontal 
 lobe just outside of the olfactory tract and 
 anterior to the point where it joins the tempo- 
 rosphenoid lobe, as indicated by the crossing 
 of the sylvian artery. Faradic stimulation of 
 this area influences the respiratory movements, 
 causing stoppage of the respiration when 
 sufficiently intense. 
 
 Sperm, Sperma (sperm, sper'-mah) [onkpixa, 
 seed]. The semen. S.Blastophore,the resid- 
 ual mass of the sperm -mother cell. S.-cell, a 
 Spermatoblast. S. -mother Cell, Lankester's 
 term for the spheric male germs of the malaria 
 parasite as found in the mosquito. S. -nucleus, 
 the nucleus of a spermatozoon. 
 
 Spermaceti (sper-mas-e'4e) [onkpixa, seed; ktjtoc, 
 whale], C l6 H 31 2 .C l5 H d3 . A white, semitrans- 
 parent substance (cetaceum, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 consisting of a mixture of various fats 
 which cetyl palmitate, C lG H 33 (C 16 "H 31 2 ), is 
 the most important. It is obtained from tl 
 head of the sperm whale, and is used intei 
 nally as an emollient and as an ingredient 
 of various ointments. Ceratum cetacei and 
 unguentum cetacei (B. P.) are prepared from it. 
 See Cetaceum. 
 
 Spermaduct (sper'-ma-dukt) [sperm; ductus, a 
 duct]. A sperm-duct, the vas deferens. 
 
 Spermatic (sper-mat'-ik) [sperm]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to the semen. 2. Conveying the semen, 
 as the spermatic cord. 3. Pertaining to 
 the spermatic cord, as the spermatic fascia. 
 S. Cord, the cord of arteries, veins, lymphatics, 
 nerves, and the excretory duct of the testicle 
 passing from the testicle to the internal ab- 
 dominal ring. S. Fascia, a thin fascia 
 attached to the internal abdominal ring, 
 and prolonged down over the outer surface 
 of the spermatic cord. 
 
 Spermatin (s per' -mat-in) [sperm]. An odor- 
 less, mucin-like substance found in semen. 
 
 Spermatize (sper f -mat-iz). To discharge se- 
 men. 
 
 Spermato- (sper-mat-o-) [anep/ia, seed]. A pre- 
 fix meaning pertaining to the semen. 
 
 v 
 
SPERMATOBLAST 
 
 903 
 
 SPHENOID 
 
 Spermatoblast, Spermoblast (sper'-mat-o- 
 blast, s per' -mo-blast) [spermato-; /Maerrof, a 
 germ]. A cell resulting from the division of 
 the spermatogenic cell and developing into 
 a spermatozoon. 
 
 Spermatocele (sper'-mat-o-sel) [spermato-; kt)\t), 
 tumor]. A spermatic cyst or encysted hydro- 
 cele containing spermatozoa. 
 
 Spermatocystectomy {sper-mat-o-sist-ek' -to- 
 me) [spermato-; cystectomy]. Excision of a sper- 
 matic cyst. 
 
 Spermatocystitis (sper-mat-o-sis-ti'-tis). In- 
 flammation of the seminal vesicles. 
 
 Spermatocystotomy (sper-mat-o-sis-tot'-o-me) 
 [spermato-; cystotomy]. Surgical incision of a 
 seminal vesicle. 
 
 Spermatocyte (sper'-mat-o-sit) [spermato-; k'jxoc, 
 cell]. The germinal cell from which the sper- 
 matozoon develops. 
 
 Spermatogenesis, Spermatogeny (sper-mat- 
 o-jen'-es-is, sper-mat-oj' -en-e) [spermato-; 
 yiveocc, origin]. The formation of sper- 
 matozoa. 
 
 Spermatogenic (sper-mat-o-jen'-ik) [see Sper- 
 matogenesis]. Producing spermatozoa, as 
 the spermatogenic cells of the testicle. 
 
 Spermatogonium (sper - mat -o- go' -ne- um) 
 [spermato-; yovrj, generation]. A formative 
 seminal cell or mass of spermatoblasts. 
 
 Spermatomere (sper'-mat-o-mer) [spermato-; 
 fiipoc, share]. Any one of the portions into 
 which a pronucleus of the fertilized ovum may 
 divide. 
 
 Spermatophore (sper'-mat-o-for) [spermato-; 
 (frepecv, to bear], i. The part- of thespermato- 
 spore that is not converted into a spermato- 
 blast. 2. A semitransparent capsule surround- 
 ing a group of spermatozoa. 
 
 Spermatorrhea (sper-mat-or-e'-ah) [spermato-; 
 po'ca, a flow]. Involuntary discharge of semen 
 without sexual excitement. 
 
 Spermatospore (sper'-mat-o-spor) [spermato-; 
 onopoc, a sowing]. A primitive cell giving rise 
 by division to spermatoblasts. 
 
 Spermatotoxin, Spermatoxin (sper-mat-o- 
 toks'-in, sper-ma-toks'-in). See Spermo- 
 lysin. 
 
 Spermatozoan, Spermatozoic (sper-mat-o- 
 zo'-an, sper-mat-o-zo'-ik). Relating to a sper- 
 matozoon. 
 
 Spermatozoicide (sper-mat-o-zo'-is-td) [sper- 
 matozoon; ccedere, to kill], i. Destructive to 
 spermatozoa. 2. An agent destructive to 
 spermatozoa. 
 
 Spermatozoon (sper-mat-o-zo'-on) [spermato-; 
 £cioy, animal]. The male element capable of 
 fecundating the ovum. It consists of an oval 
 head and a long, mobile cilium or tail. It is 
 the essential element of the semen. 
 
 Spermaturia (sper-mat-u'-re-ah) [spermato-; 
 oupov, urine]. The presence of semen in the 
 urine. 
 
 Spermin (sper'-min) [sperm], C 2 H 5 N. A non- 
 poisonous base obtained from sputum, human 
 semen, the organs of leukemic patients, etc. 
 It has been used in neurasthenia, senile de- 
 bility, diabetes mellitus, and pulmonary tuber- 
 
 culosis. S. Phosphate, constitutes the Char- 
 cot-Leyden crystals. 
 
 Spermoblast {sper' -mo-blast). See Spermato- 
 blast. 
 
 Spermo center (sper-mo-sen'-ter). The sperm- 
 centrosomes during fertilization of the egg. 
 
 Spermolysin (sper-mol' -is-in) [sperm; XUcv, to 
 loose]. Metchnikoff's name for a cytolysin 
 produced by inoculation with spermatozoa. 
 Syn., Spermatoxin. 
 
 Spermolysis (sper-mol' -is-is). Dissolution of 
 spermatozoa. 
 
 Spermoplasm (sper'-mo-plazm) [sperm; nXao- 
 oziv, to mold]. The protoplasm of the sper- 
 matoblast. 
 
 Spermosphere (sper'-mo-sfer) [sperm; ocfralpa, 
 sphere]. A mass of spermatoblasts. 
 
 Spermospore (sper'-mo-spor). See Sperma- 
 tospore. 
 
 Spermo toxin (sper-mo-toks'-in). See Spermo- 
 lysin. 
 
 Sphacelate, Sphacelated (sfas'-el-at, sfas'-el- 
 a-ted) [sphacelus]. Necrosed; gangrenous; 
 mortified. 
 
 Sphacelation (sfas-el-a'-shun). The formation 
 of a sphacelus; moist gangrene. 
 
 Sphaceloderma (sfas-el-o-der'-mah) [sphacelus; 
 dip/ia, skin]. Gangrene of the skin, especially 
 symmetric gangrene, or Raynaud's disease. 
 
 Sphacelotoxin (sfas-el-o-toks'-in) [sphacelia, a 
 stage in the growth of ergot; toxicon, a poison], 
 CaoH^Og. A yellowish, pulverulent body ob- 
 tained from ergot, insoluble in water, soluble 
 in ether, chloroform, alcohol, and alkaline so- 
 lutions. It is used as a tonic, astringent, and 
 emmenagog. Dose %-i\ gr. (0.032-0.1 Gm.). 
 Syn., Spasmotin; Spasmotoxin. 
 
 Sphacelus (sfas'-el-us) [ofianekoc, gangrene]. 
 A slough. 
 
 Sphaerobacteria (sfe-ro-bak-te'-re-ah). See 
 Spherobacteria. 
 
 Sphaerococcus (sfe-ro-kok'-us) [ocjialpa, a ball; 
 KOKKOC* a berry]. A genus of marine algae of 
 the order Sphcerococcoidea. S. compressus, 
 said to furnish in part the Japanese isinglass 
 or agar of commerce. 
 
 Spheno- (sfe-no-) [o<f>TjV, a wedge]. A prefix de- 
 noting pertaining to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Sphenobasilar (sfe-no-bas'-il-ar) [spheno-; fiao eg, 
 base]. Pertaining conjointly to the sphenoid 
 bone and the basilar portion of the occipital 
 bone. 
 
 Sphenoccipital (sfe-nok-sip'-it-al) [spheno-; oc- 
 ciput]. Pertaining to the sphenoid and the 
 occipital bones. 
 
 Spheno cephalus (sfe-no-sef'-al-us) [spheno-; 
 K£(f)aXrj, head]. A variety of monster in which 
 the two eyes are well separated, the ears united 
 under the head, the jaws and mouth distinct, 
 and the sphenoid bone altered in shape, so that 
 it is analogous in form to what is found nor- 
 mally in birds. 
 
 Sphenoethmoid (sfe-no-eth'-moid) [spheno-; 
 ethmoid]. Relating to both the sphenoid and 
 the ethmoid bones. 
 
 Sphenoid (sfe'-noid) [o$r\v, wedge; sldog, like]. 
 1. Wedge-shaped, as the sphenoid bone. 2. 
 
SPHENOIDALE 
 
 904 
 
 SPHYGMO- 
 
 The sphenoid bone. S. Bone. See Sphe- 
 noidale under Bones, Table of. S. Sinus. 
 See Sinus, Sphenoid. 
 
 Sphenoidale (sfe-noid-a^-le) [neuter of sphe- 
 noidalis, sphenoid]. The sphenoid bone. S. 
 basilare anterius, the anterior portion of the 
 body of the sphenoid. S. basioposticum, 
 the lower portion of the body of the sphenoid. 
 S. laterale posterius, the lateral portion of 
 the sphenoid. Sphenoidalia lateralia, the 
 greater wings of the sphenoid. 
 
 Sphenoiditis (sfe-noid-i'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the sphenoid sinus. 
 
 Sphenoido- (sfe-noi-do-). The same as Spheno-. 
 
 Sphenoidofrontal (sfe-noi-do-fron'-tal) [sphe- 
 noido-; frontal]. Pertaining to the sphenoid 
 and frontal bones. 
 
 Sphenoidoparietal (sfe-noi-do-par-i'-et-al) 
 
 [sphenoido-; parietal]. Pertaining to the sphe- 
 noid and parietal bones. 
 
 Sphenomaxillary (sfe-no-maks'-il-a-re) [sphe- 
 no-; maxilla]. Pertaining to the sphenoid 
 and maxillary bones, as the sphenomaxil- 
 lary fossa. S. Fissure. See Fissure, Sphe- 
 nomaxillary. S. Fossa, a triangular space 
 at the angle of the sphenomaxillary and 
 pterygomaxillary fissure. S. Ligament, a 
 ligament extending from the inferior maxilla, 
 near the inferior dental foramen, to the spin- 
 ous process of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Sphenooccipital (sfe-no-ok-sip'-it-al). See 
 
 S phenoccipital. 
 
 Sphenoorbital (sfe-no-or' -bit-al) [spheno-; or- 
 bit]. Pertaining to the sphenoid bone and the 
 orbit. 
 
 Sphenopalatine (sfe-no-paV -a-tin) [spheno-; 
 palatum, palate]. Pertaining to the sphenoid 
 bone and the palate, as the sphenopalatine 
 foramen. 
 
 Sphenoparietal (sfe-no-par-i' '-et-al) [spheno-; 
 parietal]. Pertaining to the sphenoid and 
 parietal bones. 
 
 Sphenopetrosal {sfe-no-pe-tro'-saV) [spheno-; 
 nkxpa, rock]. Pertaining to the sphenoid bone 
 and the petrous portion of the temporal bone. 
 
 Sphenotic (sfe-no'-tik) [spheno-; ode, ear]. A 
 part of the sphenoid bone, existing as a dis- 
 tinct bone in the fetus, and forming the parts 
 adjacent to the carotid groove. 
 
 Sphenotribe (sfe'-no-trib) [spheno-; zp'cftecv, to 
 rub]. An instrument for crushing the basal 
 portion of the fetal skull. 
 
 Sphenotripsy (sfe'-no-trip-se) [see Sphenotribe]. 
 Crushing of the fetal skull. 
 
 Sphere (sfer) [o<f>acpa, a sphere], i. A ball or 
 globe. 2. A space. S. of Attraction, a 
 clear spot in the cell-plasma, outside and close 
 to the nucleus of an ovum undergoing mitosis. 
 It contains the centrosoma of Boveri, and is 
 the center of the formation of the amphias- 
 ters in karyokinesis (q. v.). S., Embryonic. 
 See S., Segmentation-. S. -granule, a large 
 granular corpuscle found in serous exuda- 
 tions. S., Hearing, the area in the brain 
 which is supposed to be the seat of hearing. 
 It is in the temporal lobe. S., Motor, a 
 region in the central nervous system which, 
 
 when stimulated, gives rise to motion. S., 
 Protoplasmic Primordial . See 5. , Segmenta- 
 tion-. S., Segmentation-, a nucleated cell 
 derived from division of the vitellus in the proc- 
 ess of segmentation. S., Sensory, a sensory 
 area of the central nervous system. S., Vitel- 
 line, S., Yolk-, the mulberry-like mass of 
 cells that results from the fission of the sub- 
 stance of the ovum after fertilization. S., 
 Yeast-, in biology, an aggregation of certain 
 sprouting forms of the genus Mucor. 
 
 Spheric, Spherical {sfer'-ik, sfer' -ik-al) . Hav- 
 ing the shape of or pertaining to a sphere. S. 
 Aberration. See Aberratimi, Spheric. 
 
 Spherobacteria {sfe-ro-bak-te'-re-ah) [c<f>a~cpa, 
 sphere; bacteria]. The micrococci. 
 
 Spherometer (sfe-rom' -et-er) [ocfxfcpa, sphere; 
 fihpov, a measure]. An instrument for deter- 
 mining the degree of curvature of a sphere or 
 part of a sphere, especially of optic lenses, or 
 of the tools used for grinding them. 
 
 Sphincter (sfingk'-ter) [o<f)cxys.cv, to bind]. A 
 muscle surrounding and closing an orifice, as 
 • the anal sphincter, the pyloric sphincter, 
 etc. S. antri pylorici. See under Muscle. 
 S. gulae, the constrictor of the pharynx. S., 
 Henle's, the striated muscular fibers which 
 encircle the prostatic and membranous por- 
 tions of the urethra. S., Hyrtl's. See S., 
 Nelaton's. S. ilei, the ileocecal valve. S. 
 intestinalis. See S. ani (Internal) under Mus- 
 cle. S. labiorum, the orbicularis oris mus- 
 cle. S. laryngis, the arytenoepiglottideus mus- 
 cles of both sides surrounding the laryngeal 
 opening. S., Nelaton's, a circular bundle of 
 rectal muscular fibers situated from 8 to io 
 cm. above the anus, on a level with the pros- 
 tate. It is not constant, and when present, 
 it generally occupies only a part of the cir- 
 cumference of the bowel. S., O'Beirne's, a 
 thickened, circular bundle of muscular fibers, 
 situated in the rectum, just below its junc- 
 tion with the colon. S. oculi, S. palpebra- 
 rum, the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 
 S. cesophageus. See Foramen, Esophageal. 
 S., Oral, the orbicularis oris. S. pharyn- 
 golaryngeus, the inferior constrictor of the 
 pharynx, the anterior cricothyroid, and the 
 thyroid muscles considered as one. S. pylori- 
 cus. See under Muscle. 
 
 Sphincteroscope (sfingk-ter'-o-skop) [sphincter; 
 GKOTce'cv, to examine]. An instrument for 
 making visual inspection of a sphincter. 
 
 Sphincteroscopy (sfingk - ter - os' -ko- pe) [see 
 Sphincteroscope]. Visual inspection of a 
 sphincter by means of special instruments. 
 
 Sphincterotomy (sfingk-ter-of -o-me) [sphinc- 
 ter; rofirj, a cutting]. The operation of in- 
 cising a sphincter. 
 
 Sphinctrate (sfingk' '-trat). Contracted or con- 
 stricted as if by a sphincter. 
 
 Sphingoin (sphin' -go-in) [o^'cyyecv, to bind]. A 
 leukomain derived from cerebral tissue. 
 
 Sphygmic (sfig'-mik) [ofyuyiibg, pulse]. Per- 
 taining to the pulse. 
 
 Sphygmo- (sfig-mo-) [a^uy/ioc, pulse]. A pre- 
 fix signifying pertaining to the pulse. 
 
SPHYGMO CHRONO GRAPH 
 
 905 
 
 SPINAL 
 
 Sphygmochronograph (sfig-mo-kro f -no-graf) 
 [sphygmo-; chronograph]. A form of sphyg- 
 mograph. 
 
 Sphygmo chronography (sfig-mo-kro-nog'- 
 
 raf-e). The registration of the extent and 
 oscillations of the pulse-wave. 
 
 Sphygmogenin (s fig-mo j'-en-in) [sphygmo-; yev- 
 
 . vav, to produce]. A substance isolated by 
 Frankel from the suprarenal capsule, which 
 causes increase of blood-pressure. It is used 
 as an antidote in nicotin poisoning. 
 
 Sphygmogram {s fig' -mo-gram) [sphygmo-; 
 j-paji/ia, a writing]. The tracing made by the 
 sphygmograph. 
 
 Sphygmograph (sfig'-mo-graf) [sphygmo-; 
 ypa<j)ecv, to write]. An instrument for record- 
 ing graphically the features of the pulse and 
 the variations in blood-pressure. 
 
 Sphygmographic (sfig-mo-graf'-ik). Pertain- 
 ing to the sphygmograph. 
 
 Sphygmology (sfig-mol'-o-je) [sphygmo-; 
 Xoyoc, treatise]. The branch of medicine deal- 
 ing with the characters of the pulse. 
 
 Sphygmomanometer (sfig-mo-man-om' -et-er) 
 [sphygmo-; manometer]. An instrument for 
 measuring the tension of the blood-current. 
 
 Sphygmometer (s fig-mom' ' -et-er). See Sphyg- 
 mograph. 
 
 Sphygmopalpation {sfig-mo-pal-pa' -shun) . 
 The palpation of the pulse. 
 
 Sphygmophone (sfig'-mo-fon) [sphygmo-; (ficovfj, 
 sound]. A sphygmograph in which the vi- 
 brations of the pulse produce a sound. 
 
 Sphygmoscope (sfig'-mo-skop) [sphygmo-; 
 OKonelv, to examine]. An instrument for 
 showing the movements of the heart or the pul- 
 sations of a blood-vessel. 
 
 Sphygmo systole {s fig-mo-sis' -to-le) [sphygmo-; 
 systole]. That part of the sphygmogram pro- 
 duced under the influence of the cardiac systole 
 upon the pulse. 
 
 Sphyra (sfi'-rah) [ofopa, a hammer]. The mal- 
 leus. 
 
 Sphyrectomy (sfi-rek'-to-me) [sphyra; inTop.r], 
 excision]. Excision of the malleus. 
 
 Sphyrotomy (sfi-rot'-o-me) [sphyra; rofirj, a 
 cutting]. Surgical removal of part of the 
 handle of the malleus, or of the malleus or its 
 handle together with a portion of the mem- 
 brana tympani. 
 
 Spica (spi'-kah) [L.]. A spike. S. -bandage. 
 See under Bandage. 
 
 Spicule (spik'-ul) [dim. of spica, a spike]. A 
 minute, sharp-pointed body, as a spicule of 
 bone. 
 
 Spider (spi'-der) [ME., spither]. An anthro- 
 pod of the class Arachnida. S. Cancer. 
 See Acne rosacea. S. -cells, in biology — (a) 
 Bacilli the flagella of which are present in such 
 numbers as to give the microbes the appear- 
 ance of minute spiders. See Bacillus typhi 
 abdominalis under Bacteria, (b) The char- 
 acteristic cells of the neuroglia. They have 
 numerous .long and delicate prolongations. 
 S., Menarody, a poisonous species of Latro- 
 dectus found in Madagascar. S. Nevus. 
 See Acne rosacea. S.-web, the web spun 
 
 by the spider, formerly much used as a 
 hemostatic, and also in some systemic dis- 
 eases; used also as a moxa with the blow- 
 pipe. 
 
 Spiegelberg's Sign. A sensation like that of 
 passing over wet rubber, imparted to the finger 
 which presses on, and moves along, the affected 
 part; it is noted in cancer of the cervix 
 uteri. 
 
 Spiegler's Test for Albumin. Acidulate the 
 solution by the addition of acetic acid to re- 
 move the mucin; filter, and overlay the filtrate 
 with a solution prepared by dissolving 8 Gm. 
 of mercuric chlorid and 4 Gm. of tartaric acid 
 in 200 Cc. of water, and adding 20 Gm. of 
 glycerol to it. In the presence of albumin 
 a white ring will form between the two 
 liquids. 
 
 Spigelia (spi-je'-le-ah) [after Adrian van der 
 Spiegel, a Belgian physician]. Pinkroot, a 
 genus of plants of the order Loganiacece. The 
 rhizome and rootlets of S. marilandica con- 
 stitute the spigelia of the U. S. P. ; they con- 
 tain a volatile alkaloid, spigelin, and are used 
 as an anthelmintic against the roundworm. 
 Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 Gm.) for a child; 
 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.) for an adult. S., Fluid- 
 extract of (fluidextr actum spigelian, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 10-20 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc.) for a child; 
 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc.) for an adult. 
 
 Spigelian Lobe (spi-je'-le-an). SeeSpigelius' 
 Lobe. 
 
 Spigelius' Line. The semilunar line marking 
 the insertion of the muscular fibers of the 
 transversalis abdominis into its tendon. S.'s 
 Lobe, a small triangular lobe on the under 
 surface of the right lobe of the liver. 
 
 Spikenard (spik'-nard). A name given to the 
 rhizome of various species of Valeriana. 
 
 Spiloma (spi-lo'-mah). See Nevus (2). 
 
 Spiloplaxia (spi-lo-plaks'-e-ah) [oxcXoc;, spot; 
 7iXd$, a broad surface]. A synonym of Leprosy. 
 
 Spina (spi'-nah) [L.J. The spine. S. ac- 
 cessoria ischii, an inconstant projection into 
 the great sciatic notch at the junction of the 
 ischium and ilium. S. angularis, the spine 
 of the sphenoid bone. S. bifida, a protrusion 
 of the spinal membranes through a congenital 
 cleft of the lower part of the vertebral column. 
 S. bifida occulta, spina bifida in which there 
 is no protrusion of the spinal membranes. S, 
 cervina. See Buckthorn. S. ischiadica, S. 
 ischiatici, S. ischii. See Spine 0} Ischium. 
 S. nodosa, rachitis. 
 
 Spinal (spi'-nal). 1. Pertaining to the spine. 
 2. Pertaining to the spinal cord. S. 
 Accessory Nerve. See under Nerve. S. 
 Canal. See Canal, Vertebral. S. Col- 
 umn, the vertebral column, composed of 
 vertebras, intervertebral cartilages, and liga- 
 ments. S. Cord, the neural structure oc- 
 cupying the vertebral canal and extending 
 from the atlas to the first lumbar vertebra, 
 and terminating in the filum terminale. It is 
 covered by the spinal membranes (the pia 
 mater, arachnoid, and dura mater) and is 
 divided into symmetric halves by the anterior 
 
SPINAL 
 
 906 
 
 SPINAL 
 
 and posterior median fissures. These halves 
 are joined together by the anterior white com- 
 missure and the gray commissure. In the mid- 
 dle of the latter is the central canal, a continua- 
 tion of the ventricular cavities of the brain. 
 Each half of the spinal cord consists of an in- 
 ternal mass of gray matter and an outer cov- 
 ering of white matter. The former is sub- 
 
 (Tiirck's column) and the anterior ground- 
 bundle, or anterior radicular zone, which is 
 continuous with the adjacent part of the lat- 
 eral column. In the latter the following tracts 
 are distinguished: the crossed pyramidal, di- 
 rect cerebellar, anterolateral (Gowers' tract), 
 and mixed lateral tract. The posterior col- 
 umn contains the posteromedian tract (Goll's 
 
 Upper cervical region. 
 
 Vertebral Column, Lateral Aspect. 
 1-7. Cervical vertebras. 8-19. Dorsal vertebras. 
 20-24. Lumbar vertebras. A, A. Spinous 
 processes. B, B. Articular facets of trans- 
 verse processes of first ten dorsal vertebras. 
 C. Auricular surface of sacrum. D, D. 
 Foramens in transverse processes of cervical 
 vertebras. 
 
 Cervical enlargement; 
 upper part. 
 
 Middle part. 
 
 Lowest part. 
 
 Upper dorsal region. 
 
 Lower dorsal. 
 
 Lumbar region; 
 upper part. 
 
 Middle. 
 
 Lower part. 
 
 Sacral region. 
 
 Transverse Sections of Spinal Cord, Showing the Shapes 
 
 of the Gray Matter at Different Levels. — (Omerod.) 
 The white matter has been stained black (according to Pal 
 
 and Weigert's method), while the gray matter remains 
 
 unstained. 
 
 divided into the anterior and posterior horns, 
 which are made up of ganglion-cells, nerve- 
 fibers, and delicate fibrils, and a modified 
 neuroglia, the substantia gelatinosa. The 
 white matter is divided by the two gray horns 
 into three columns: the anterior, lateral, and 
 posterior. These are again subdivided into 
 distinct physiologic tracts. Thus the anterior 
 column includes the direct pyramidal tract 
 
 column) and the posterolateral or posteroex- 
 ternal tract (Burdach's column). The spinal 
 cord is the conductor of impulses from and to 
 the brain, as well as a center for reflex acts. 
 S. Epilepsy. See Epilepsy, Spinal. S. 
 Irritation, a form of neurasthenia character- 
 ized by pain in the back, tenderness along the 
 spines of the vertebras, fatigue on slight exer- 
 tion, and occasionally numbness and tingling 
 
 1 
 
SPINAL 
 
 907 
 
 SPINAL 
 
 in the limbs. S. Nerves, the 31 pairs of nerves 
 arising from the spinal cord, and grouped in- 
 
 i0 ot£" 
 
 nongangliated) root. On the dorsal root is the 
 spinal ganglion. Beyond the ganglion the 
 
 boot 
 
 Columns of Spinal Cord. — {From Tyson.) 
 C. Anterior commissure. P. C. Posterior commissure. I. g. s. Intermediate gray substance. P. Cor. Posterior 
 
 cornu. c. c. p Caput cornu posterioris. L. L. L. Lateral limiting layer. A.-L. A. T. Anterolateral ascending 
 
 tract, which extends along the periphery of the cord. — (Gowers.) 
 
 1. Floor of fourth ven- 
 tricle. 2. Superior 
 cerebellar pedun- 
 cle. 3. Middle cere- 
 bellar peduncle. 4. 
 Inferior cerebellar 
 peduncle. 5. En- 
 largement at upper 
 extremity of pos- 
 teromedian column. 
 6. Glossopharyn- 
 geal nerve. 7 
 Vagus. 8. Spinal 
 accessory, g, o, g, g. 
 Ligamentum dentic- 
 ulatum. 10, 10, 10, 
 
 10. Posterior roots 
 of spinal nerves. 11, 
 
 11, 11, 11. Postero- 
 lateral fissure. 12, 
 12, 12, 12. Ganglions 
 of posterior roots. 
 13, 13. Anterior 
 roots. 14. Division 
 of united roots into 
 anterior and poste- 
 rior nerves. 15. 
 Terminal extremity 
 of cord. 16, 16. 
 Filum terminale. 
 17, 17. Cauda 
 equina. I, VIII. 
 Cervical nerves. I, 
 XII. Dorsal nerves. 
 
 I, V. 
 
 nerves. 
 nerves. 
 
 Lumbar 
 V. Sacral 
 
 Superior or Cervical Seg- 
 ment of Spinal Cord. — 
 (Holden.) 
 
 Wmw 
 
 Middle or Dorsal Por- 
 tion of Cord. — 
 (Holden.) 
 
 Inferior Portion of Cord 
 and Cauda Equina. — 
 (H olden.) 
 
 to 8 cervical, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 two roots unite to form, in the spinal canal, 
 coccygeal. Each arises by two roots, a dorsal the mixed trunk of a spinal nerve. The -an 
 (gangliated) root and a ventral (anterior, terior roots supply efferent fibers to all the 
 
SPINALGIA 
 
 908 
 
 SPIRILLUM 
 
 voluntary muscles of the trunk and extremi- 
 ties, to the smooth muscular fibers of the 
 bladder, ureter, uterus, etc., vasomotor, in- 
 hibitory, secretory, and trophic fibers. The 
 posterior roots carry afferent impulses. 
 
 Spinalgia {spi-nal'-je-ah) [spine; aXyoc, pain]. 
 Tenderness of a vertebral spine to pressure. 
 
 Spinalis (spi-na'-lis) [spine]. i. Spinal. 2. 
 A muscle attached to the spinous processes 
 of the vertebras. See under Muscle. 
 
 Spinant {spi'-nant) [spine]. A drug or other 
 agent increasing the reflex excitability of the 
 spinal cord; strychnin is a spinant. 
 
 Spindle {spin'-dl) [ME.]. A tapering rod or 
 pin. A body having a fusiform shape. S., 
 Achromatic, S., Cleavage, S., Karyoki- 
 netic, S., Nuclear, S., Segmentation, the 
 double cone-like appearance of the nucleus 
 during certain stages of karyokinesis. S.- 
 cataract, a form of cataract characterized by 
 a spindle-shaped opacity extending from the 
 posterior surface of the anterior portion of the 
 capsule to the anterior surface of the posterior 
 portion of the capsule, with a central dilation. 
 S.-cell, a fusiform cell. S. -celled, having 
 fusiform cells, a form of cell typical of certain 
 morbid growths, especially sarcoma; fuso- 
 cellular. S., Central, the lining filaments 
 spanning the interval between the centro- 
 some at the completion of the prophase. S.- 
 legged, having long, thin legs. S.-oils, 
 lubricating oils. S.-shanked. Same as 6 1 .- 
 legged. S. -shaped, shaped like a spindle; 
 fusiform. S.-tree. See Euonymus. 
 
 Spine {spin) [spina, a thorn]. 1. A sharp pro- 
 cess of bone. 2. The backbone or spinal col- 
 umn. S., Angular, curvature of the spine. 
 S., Civinini's, a small spine on the outer 
 border of the external pterygoid plate giving 
 attachment to the pterygospinous ligament. 
 S., Henle's, spina suprameatum. An in- 
 constant small spine at the junction of the 
 posterior and superior walls of the external 
 auditory meatus. It serves as a landmark in 
 trephining of the mastoid process. S. of 
 Ischium, a pointed eminence on the posterior 
 border of the body of the ischium. It forms 
 the lower border of the great sciatic notch. 
 S., Navicular, a pointed projection on the 
 inner edge of the navicular bone. S. of the 
 Scapula, the plate of bone crossing the dor- 
 sum of the scapula and dividing it into two 
 unequal parts. S., Spix's, the bony spine 
 at the inner border of the inferior dental 
 foramen giving attachment to the sphenomax- 
 illary ligament. S., Trochlear, a small pro- 
 jection on the upper ventral part of the inner 
 wall of the orbit for the trochlea. S., Zygo- 
 matic, a projection from the zygomatic pro- 
 cess. 
 
 Spinicerebrate {spi-ni-ser'-e-brat). Furnished 
 with a brain and spinal cord. 
 
 Spinideltoid {spi-ni-del'-toid). The part of the 
 deltoid muscle arising from the spine of the 
 scapula. 
 
 Spinifugal {spi-nif'-u-gal) [spine; Jugere, to 
 flee]. Moving from the spinal cord. 
 
 Spinipetal {s pi-nip' -et-al) [spine; petere, to 
 seek]. Moving toward the spinal cord. 
 
 Spinitrapezius {spi-ni-tra-pe' -ze-us). The 
 spinal part of the trapezius as distinguished 
 from the cranial part. 
 
 Spinobulbar {spi-no-buV -bar) [spine; bulbus, 
 the medulla oblongata]. Pertaining to the 
 spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. 
 
 Spinogalvanization {spi-no-gal-van-i-za'-shun) . 
 Galvanization of the spinal cord. 
 
 Spinoglenoid {spi-no-glen'-oid). Relating to 
 the spine of the scapula and the glenoid cavity. 
 
 Spinol {spin'-ol). An extract of young, fresh 
 spinach (A triplex hortensis) leaves, containing 
 about 2.6% of iron and Occurring both as a 
 liquid and as a powder. It is used in the 
 spinach cure for children. Dose 1-8 gr. 
 (0.65-0.52 Gm.) several times daily. 
 
 Spinomuscular {spi-no-mus'-ku-lar). Relating 
 to the spinal cord and the muscles. 
 
 Spinoneural {spi-no-nu'-ral). Pertaining to 
 the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves. 
 
 Spinous {spi'-nus) [spine]. Resembling or per- 
 taining to a spine, as the spinous process of 
 the tibia or of a vertebra. 
 
 Spinthariscope {spin-thar'-is-kop) [oncvdijp, a 
 spark; okotze'cv, to view]. An instrument de- 
 vised by Sir William Crookes for demonstrat- 
 ing the physical properties of radium. It con- 
 sists of a fluorescent screen in front of which 
 is placed a small quantity of radium bromid, 
 with or without a lens for examining the scin- 
 tillations. 
 
 Spintherism {spin' -ther-izm) [oncvdzp'c^ecv, to 
 emit sparks]. The sensation of sparks danc- 
 ing before the eyes. 
 
 Spintometer {spin-torn' -et-er) [ontvd^p, spark; 
 fierpov, a measure]. An apparatus for measur- 
 ing the length of sparks in the roentgen tube. 
 
 Spiradenitis {spi-rad-en-i' -tis) [onelpa, a coil; 
 adenitis]. Unna's name for phlegmonous 
 hidrosadenitis. 
 
 Spiral {spi'-ral) [oitelpa, a coil]. 1. Winding 
 like the threads of a screw, as a spiral 
 bandage. 2. A curve having a spiral course. 
 
 Spirasoma {spi-rah-so'-mah) [onelpa, a coil; 
 oaj/jia, a body]. A genus of bacteria of the 
 SpirillacecB having rigid cells without flagella. 
 
 Spirem, Spirema, Spireme {spi'-rem, spi-re'- 
 mah, spi-rem') [one? pa, a, coil; a twist]. The 
 close skein, or mother skein, of chromatin- 
 fibrils in a cell undergoing mitotic division. 
 
 Spirillosis {spir-il-o'-sis). 1. Any affection 
 due to Spirillum. 2. A disease of cattle in 
 the Transvaal. S. of Fowls, a disease of 
 geese, ducks, guinea-fowls, turtle-doves, pig- 
 eons, ' and sparrows. The affected fowls ex- 
 hibit diarrhea, loss of appetite, pale combs, 
 and in acute cases die suddenly of convulsions. 
 It is due to a spirillum which is transmitted by 
 Argas persicus. The serum of animals which 
 have recovered from a first attack possesses 
 strong immunizing properties. 
 
 Spirillum {spi-riV -urn) [spirillum, dim. of spira, 
 a coil]. A genus of bacteria having a spiral 
 shape. See under Bacteria. S. -fever. See 
 Relapsing Fever. 
 
SPIRIT 
 
 909 
 
 SPLANCHNOPTOSIA 
 
 Spirit {spir'-it) [spiritus, breath, from spirare, 
 to breathe], i. The soul. 2. An alcoholic 
 solution -of a volatile substance. See Spiritus. 
 3. Alcohol. S., Adiaphorous, a liquid ob- 
 tained by the distillation of cream of tartar. 
 S., Ammonia. See Ammonia, Spiritus, un- 
 der Ammonia. S., Anise. See Anisi, Spir- 
 itus, under A nisum. S., Corn-, whisky ob- 
 tained by the distillation of corn. S., Po- 
 tato-, whisky obtained by the distillation of 
 potatoes. S., Proof-, diluted alcohol {alco- 
 hol dilutum, U. S. P.; spiritus tenuior, B. P.), 
 containing about 41 % by weight of absolute 
 ethyl-alcohol. S., Rectified {spiritus rectifi- 
 catus, B. P.), contains 16% of water. 
 
 Spirituous {spir' -it-u-us) . Alcoholic; pertain- 
 ing to alcoholic liquors. 
 
 Spiritus {spir'-it-us) [L.]. See Spirit. S. 
 aetheris nitrosi. See Niter, Sweet Spirit of. 
 S. chloroformi, is used as a carminative. 
 Dose 10-60 min. (0.65-4.0 Cc). See also 
 Chloroform, Spirit of. S. frumenti, whisky, 
 a spirit obtained by the distillation of fer- 
 mented grain. S. juniperi, gin or whisky with 
 which juniper-berries and hops have been 
 distilled. S. odoratus, cologne-water. S. 
 vini gallici (U. S. P.), brandy; a liquor ob- 
 tained by the distillation of wine. {For 
 other spirits see the different drugs.) 
 
 Spiro- {spi-ro-) [one'cpa, a coil]. A prefix 
 meaning spiral. 2. [spirare, to breathe.] A 
 prefix meaning relating to respiration. 
 
 Spirobacteria {spi-ro-bak-te' -re-ah) [spiro-; bac- 
 teria]. Spiral bacteria. 
 
 Spirochete, Spirochete {spi'-ro-ket, spi-ro- 
 ke'-te) [spiro-; x a ' iTT i-> a bristle]. A genus of 
 bacteria characterized by flexible spiral fila- 
 ments. See under Bacteria. 
 
 Spirofibrillas {spi-ro-fi-bril'-az) [spiro-; fibrilla, 
 a small fiber]. The term applied by Fayod in 
 his theory of the structure of protoplasm to 
 supposed long, twisted, hollow fibrils con- 
 stituting the protoplasm and nuclei of vegetal 
 cells and uniting to form the spirospartas 
 ( q. v.). Fayod asserts also that the blood- 
 plasma consists of spirofibrillas and that they 
 penetrate here and there into the hematoblasts. 
 In this case Butschli holds it clear that 
 Fayod has mistaken coagulation of fibrin for 
 spirofibrillas. 
 
 Spirograph {spi'-ro-graf) [spiro-; ypd^ecv, to 
 write]. An instrument for registering the 
 movements of respiration. 
 
 Spirometer {spi-rom' -et-er) [spiro-; p.kxpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 quantity of air taken in and given out in 
 forcible respiration. 
 
 Spirometry {spi-rom' -et-re) [see Spirometer}. 
 The determination by means of the spirome- 
 ter of the amount of air taken in and given 
 • out during respiration. 
 
 Spiromonas {spi-ro-mo'-nas) [spiro-; uovac, a 
 unit]. A genus of biflagellate monads or free- 
 swimming animalcules established by Perty 
 (1852), now referred to Bodo (Ehrenberg), 
 Stein. 
 
 Spironeme {spi'-ro-nem) [spiro-; vr^ia, a 
 
 thread]. A helical thread of cytophanes 
 wrapped about the axoneme of the peduncle 
 of a stalked infusorian. 
 
 Spirophore {spi'-ro-for) [spiro-; (f>kpecv, to bear]. 
 An instrument for performing artificial respi- 
 ration. 
 
 Spirospartas {spi-ro-spar'-taz) [spiro-; o7zaprrj, 
 a rope]. The term applied by Fayod in his 
 theory to twisted hollow strings the walls 
 of which are formed by the twisting together 
 of the fibrils or spirofibrillas. The cavities 
 of the spirospartas and spirofibrillas are said to 
 be filled in the normal condition by "granular 
 plasma"; spirospartas pass from the proto- 
 plasm into the nucleus and vice versa, and 
 also may be traced frequently from one cell 
 into a neighboring one, so that "the cell loses 
 its value as a morphologic and physiologic 
 unit." These results were obtained in vegetal 
 cells, chiefly by injection with quicksilver, by 
 which method Fayod believes he filled the 
 cavities of the spirospartas and spirofibrillas 
 with metal. Cf. Spirofibrillas. 
 
 Spirulina {spi-ru-li'-nah) [spirula, from spira, a 
 coil]. A spiral microorganism of spindle shape. 
 
 Spissated {spis'-a-ted). Inspissated. 
 
 Spissitude (spis'-it-ud) [spissare, to thicken]. 
 The state of being inspissated. 
 
 Spittle {spit' -I). See Saliva. 
 
 Spitzka's Bundle. A tract of nerve-fibers 
 which passes from the cerebral cortex through 
 the pyramidal region of the cms cerebri to 
 the oculomotor nuclei of the opposite side. 
 S.'s Nucleus. See Nucleus, Spitzka's. 
 
 Spitzka-Lissauer's Tract. See Lissauer's 
 Tract. 
 
 Spix's Spine. The bony spine at the inner 
 border of the inferior dental foramen, giving 
 attachment to the sphenomaxillary ligament. 
 
 Splanchnic {splangk'-nik) [onlaxxva, viscera]. 
 1. Pertaining to or supplying the viscera. 2. 
 A remedy efficient in diseases of the bowels. 
 S. Nerves, three nerves, the great, lesser, and 
 least, or renal splanchnic, derived from the 
 sympathetic system. 
 
 Splanchno- {splangk-no-) [aTzXayyva, viscera]. 
 A prefix denoting pertaining to the viscera. 
 
 Splanchnography {splangk - nog' -ra- fe) . See 
 Splanchnology. 
 
 Splanchnology {splangk-nol'-o-je) [splanchno-; 
 Xoyoc, science]. The branch of anatomy 
 treating of the viscera. 
 
 Splanchnomegaly {splangk -no - meg' - al- e) 
 [splanchno-; fiiyac, large]. Giant growth of 
 the viscera. 
 
 Splanchnopleural {splangk-no - plu' - rat) 
 [splanchno pleure]. Relating to the splanchno- 
 pleure. 
 
 Splaxichn<ypleuTe{splangk'-no-plur)[splanchno-; 
 Ttteupa, the side]. The visceral layer of meso- 
 derm forming the covering of the digestive tube. 
 
 Splanchnoptosia, Splanchnoptosis {splangk- 
 no-to'-she-ah, -sis) [splanchno-; nrwocg, a 
 falling]. A condition of relaxation of the 
 abdominal viscera; it includes gastroptosis, 
 enteroptosis, nephroptosis, less commonly 
 hepatoptosis and splenoptosis. 
 
SPLANCHNOSCOPY 
 
 910 
 
 SPLENOPHRENIC 
 
 Splanchnoscopy (splangk-nos'-ko-pe) [splanch- 
 no-; onoize'cv, to examine]. Visual examina- 
 tion of the viscera. 
 
 Splanchnoskeleton (splangk-no-sheV -et-on) 
 [splanchno-; skeleton]. That portion of the 
 skeleton related to the viscera. 
 
 Splanchnotomy (splangk-not'-o-me) [splanch- 
 no-; xk[ivecv } to cut]. Dissection of the 
 viscera. 
 
 Splashing {splash' '-ing) [origin obscure]. 
 Making a plashing sound. S. Fremitus, a 
 noise heard in succession in some cases of 
 pleural effusion; it may be simulated by the 
 presence of fluid in a distended stomach. S. 
 in the Stomach, a sign of atony of that organ. 
 
 Splay-foot. See Talipes. 
 
 Spleen (splen) [gtzXtiv, spleen]. One of the ab- 
 dominal viscera, situated just below the dia- 
 phragm on the left side, and connected with the 
 hematopoietic system. It is covered by a 
 fibroelastic capsule from which trabeculas 
 radiate into the organ. In the spaces formed 
 by these are found collections of lymphoid 
 tissue (the malpighian corpuscles) and the 
 splenic pulp. The malpighian corpuscles 
 surround the small branches of the splenic 
 artery. The splenic pulp consists of a delicate 
 reticulum containing large connective-tissue 
 cells, lymphoid cells, and red corpuscles. The 
 spleen receives a large amount of blood, 
 which in passing from the termination of the 
 splenic artery to the beginning of the splenic 
 vein is probably not held within walls, but 
 comes in direct contact with the lymphoid 
 tissue. The spleen normally weighs about 
 200 Gm. S., Accessory, a detached portion 
 of splenic tissue in the neighborhood of the 
 spleen. Syn., Splenculus. S., Floating. See 
 S., Wandering. S., Sago-, one of which the 
 malpighian follicles are the seat of amyloid 
 change. S., Wandering, one that, owing to 
 relaxation of its attachments, is movable. 
 
 Splen- (splen-). See Spleno-. 
 
 Splenadenoma (splen-ad-en-o'-mah) [splen-; 
 adenoma]. Hyperplasia of the lymphoid 
 tissue of the spleen. 
 
 Splenalgia (splen-al'-je-ah) [splen-; dXyoc, pain]. 
 Neuralgic pain in the spleen. 
 
 Splenculus (splen' -ku-lus) [spleen]. An ac- 
 cessory spleen. 
 
 Splenectomize (splen-ek'-tom-lz) [splenectomy]. 
 To excise the spleen. 
 
 Splenectomy (splen-ek'-to-me) [splen-; i/cro/iT], 
 excision]. Excision of the spleen. 
 
 Splenemia (splen-e'-me-ah) [splen-; alpta, blood]. 
 Splenic leukemia. 
 
 Splenic (splen'-ik) [spleen]. 
 or affecting the spleen. 2. 
 in disorders of the spleen, 
 splenitis. S. Apoplexy, 
 A nthrax. 
 
 Spleniferrin (splen-i-fer'-in) 
 
 preparation said to be obtained from the 
 spleen. 
 
 Splenification (splen-if-ik-a'-shun). SeeSplen- 
 ization. 
 
 Splenified (splen' -ij-id). Of a tissue, resemb- 
 
 1. Pertaining to 
 A remedy efficient 
 3. Affected with 
 See 
 
 S. Fever. 
 
 An organic iron 
 
 ling the tissue of the spleen, as splenified 
 bone-marrow. 
 
 Splenin (splen' -in). An organotherapeutic 
 preparation made from the spleen of animals. 
 
 Splenitic (splen-it'-ik). See Splenic. 
 
 Splenitis (splen-i'-tis) [splen-; ixcc, inflamma- 
 tion]. Inflammation of the spleen. S., 
 Spodogenous, that due to accumulation of 
 waste-matter. 
 
 Splenitive (splen'-it-iv). Capable of acting 
 upon the spleen. 
 
 Splenium (sple'-ne-um) [oTtXyvcov, a bandage]. 
 1. A bandage. 2. The rounded posterior 
 extremity of the corpus callosum. 
 
 Splenius (sple' -ne-us) [splenium]. Shaped like 
 a splenium, as the splenius muscle or 
 simply splenius. See under Muscle. 
 
 Splenization (splen-i-za' -shun) [spleen]. The 
 change in an organ, especially the lung, pro- 
 duced by congestion, whereby it comes to re- 
 semble the tissue of the spleen. 
 
 Spleno- (splen-o-) [anXrjv, spleen], A prefix 
 denoting pertaining to the spleen. 
 
 Splenocele (splen' -o-sel) [spleno-; ktjXtj, hernia]. 
 Hernia of the spleen. 
 
 Splenocolic (splen-o-kol'-ik) [spleno-; koXov, 
 colon]. Pertaining to the spleen and the 
 colon. 
 
 Splenocyte (splen' -o-sit) [spleno-; koxoc, a cell]. 
 The cell peculiar to splenic tissue. 
 
 Splenohepatomegaly (splen-o-hep-at-o-meg'- 
 al-e) [spleno-; rjr.ap, liver; /xiyac, great]. En- 
 largement of the liver and spleen. 
 
 Splenolaparotomy (splen-o-lap-ar-ot'-o-me) . 
 See Laparosplenotomy. 
 
 Splenolymph (splen' -o-limj) . Intermediate in 
 character between the spleen and a lymph- 
 gland. See Glands, Splenolymph. 
 
 Splenolymphatic (splen - - Urn - fat' - ik) . Re- 
 lating to the spleen and the lymph-glands. 
 
 Splenomalacia (splen-o-mal-a'-se-ah) [spleno-; 
 fxalaKca, softness]. Softening of the spleen. 
 
 Splenomedullary (splen-o-med'-ul-a-re). Re- 
 lating to the spleen and the marrow of bones. 
 
 Splenomegalia, Splenomegaly (splen-o-meg- 
 a'-le-ah, splen-o-meg'-al-e) [spleno-; [ikyag, 
 large]. Enlargement of the spleen, especially 
 simple enlargement of the spleen without 
 leukemia; by some it is considered merely as 
 Hodgkin's disease of splenic type. 
 
 Splenoparectama, Splenoparectasis (splen-o- 
 par-ek' -ta-mah, splen-o-par-ek'-ta-sis) [spleno-; 
 eKzaaic, distention]. Enlargement of the 
 spleen. 
 
 Splenopathia (splen-o-path'-e-ah) . See Splenop- 
 athy. S. leukocythsemica, splenic leu- 
 kemia. 
 
 Splenopathy (splen-op'-ath-e) [spleno-; izadoc, 
 suffering]. Any disease of the spleen. 
 
 Splenopexia, Splenopexis, Splenopexy (splen- 
 o-peks'-e-ah, splen' -o-peks-is, splen' -o-peks-e) 
 [spleno-; n^tf, a fixing in]. Fixation of a 
 wandering spleen to the abdominal wall by 
 means of sutures. 
 
 Splenophrenic (splen-o-fren'-ik) [spleno-; 4>pr]v, 
 diaphragm]. Pertaining to the spleen and the 
 diaphragm. 
 
SPLENOPNEUMONIA 
 
 911 
 
 SPONGIOPILIN 
 
 Splenopneumonia {splen -o-nu- mo' -ne- ah) 
 [spleno-; pneumonia]. Pneumonia with splen- 
 ization of the lung. 
 
 Splenoptosis {splen-o-to' -sis) [spleno-; tzxgjoic, a 
 falling]. Downward displacement of the 
 spleen. 
 
 Splenorrhaphy {splen-or' -af-e) [spleno-; pafirj, 
 suture]. Suture of the spleen. 
 
 Splenoscirrhus {splen-o-skir'-us) [spleno-; OK~cp- 
 pog, hardness]. Cancer of the spleen. 
 
 Splenotomy {splen-of -o-me) [spleno-; rifivsev, 
 to cut], i. The operation of incising the 
 spleen. 2. Dissection of the spleen. 
 
 Splenule {splen' -ill). An accessory or rudi- 
 mentary spleen. 
 
 Splint [Swedish, splint, a kind of spike]. A 
 piece of wood, metal, or other material for 
 keeping the ends of a fractured bone or other 
 movable parts in a state of rest. S.-box. 
 See Fracture-box. S., Desault's, one used 
 in treating fracture of the thigh. S., Inter- 
 dental, an appliance used in the treatment 
 of fractured jaws. S., Mason's, one used in 
 subsequent treatment of amputation at the 
 elbow, allowing pronation and supination 
 movements during healing. S., Poroplastic, 
 a splint which can be softened with hot water 
 and molded upon the limb, to harden and re- 
 tain the shape when dried. S., Stromeyer's, 
 one used to prevent stiffness of the joints in 
 case of fracture. It consists of two hinged 
 parts that can be fixed at any angle. 
 
 Splintage {splint' -a j). The application of 
 splints. 
 
 Split -cloth. A bandage for the head with six 
 or eight tails attached to a central part. 
 
 Spodogenous {spo-doj'-en-us) [oTzodoc, ashes; 
 ■fEvvav, to produce]. Pertaining to or pro- 
 duced by waste-material, as spodogenous 
 enlargement of the spleen, a swelling of the 
 spleen produced by the accumulation of the 
 detritus of red corpuscles. 
 
 Spodophagous {spo-dof'-ag-us) [oizodoc, ashes; 
 fyayziv, to eat]. Destroying the waste-material 
 of the body. 
 
 Spodophorous {spo-dof'-or-us) [onodoc, ashes; 
 (f>epscv, to bear]. Carrying or conveying waste- 
 material. 
 
 SpoendePs Foramen. A small opening in the 
 cartilaginous base of the skull between the 
 ethmoid and the lesser wings of the sphenoid 
 and the anterior ethmoid. 
 
 Spoke-shave {spok'-shav). A ring-knife, de- 
 vised by Carmalt Jones, for use in rhinologic 
 operations. 
 
 Spondyl-, Spondylo- {spon-dil-, spon-dil-o-) 
 [onovduXoc, vertebra]. A prefix denoting per- 
 taining to a vertebra. 
 
 Spondylarthritis {spon-dil-ar-thri'-tis) [spon- 
 dyl-; apdpov, joint; exec, inflammation]. In- 
 flammation of a vertebral articulation. 
 
 Spondyle {spon'-dil) [onovdufof, a vertebra]. 
 A vertebra. 
 
 Spondylitis {spon-dil-i'-tis) [spondyle; exec, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of a vertebra. 
 S., Tuberculous, Pott's disease. 
 
 Spondylizema {spon-dil-i-ze'-mah) [spondyle; 
 
 'i^efia, a subsiding]. The settling of a vertebra 
 into the place of a subjacent one that has been 
 destroyed. 
 
 Spondylodidymia {spon - dil -o- did - im' -e- ah) 
 [spondyle; diou/xoc, twin]. A form of somato- 
 dymia in which the union is in the vertebras. 
 Syn., Vertebradymia. 
 
 Spondylodymus {spon-dil-od' -im-us) [spondyle; 
 duecv, to enter]. A twin monster united by 
 the vertebras. 
 
 Spondylolisthesis {spon-dil-o-lis-the'-sis) [spon- 
 dyle; okcad-qacc, a slipping]. Deformity of 
 the spinal column produced by the gliding for- 
 ward of the lumbar vertebras in such a manner 
 that they overhang the brim and obstruct the 
 inlet of the pelvis ; especially the separation of 
 the last lumbar vertebra from, and its slipping 
 forward on, the sacrum. 
 
 Spondylolisthetic {spon-dil-o-lis-thet'-ik). Per- 
 taining to or caused by spondylolisthesis. 
 
 Spondylosis {spon-dil-o' -sis) [spondyle]. Ver- 
 tebral ankylosis. S., Rhizomelic, spondy- 
 lose rhizomelique ; Marie's term for a variety 
 of arthritis deformans with ankylosis of the 
 vertebras and arthritis of the hips and shoulders. 
 
 Spondylotomy {spon-dil-of -o-me) . See Rachi- 
 otomy. 
 
 Sponge {spun]) [cnbyyoc, a sponge]. A marine 
 animal of the class Porifera, having a porous, 
 horny skeleton; also the skeleton itself, used 
 as an absorbent. S.-bath, the application of 
 water to the surface of the body by means of a 
 sponge. S.s, Bernay's Aseptic, small circular 
 discs of prepared cotton fiber which has been 
 subjected to great pressure; when placed in 
 water, they increase in size 12 to 15 times. 
 They are recommended as controlling agents 
 in nasal hemorrhage. S. -gatherer's- Dis- 
 ease, a disease of divers due to a secretion of 
 a species of Actinia found in waters where 
 sponges grow. This viscid excretion causes 
 at the point of contact upon the body a swell- 
 ing and intense itching, followed by a papule 
 surrounded by a zone of redness which later 
 becomes black and gangrenous and forms a 
 deep ulcer. S. -graft. See Graft, Sponge-. 
 S.-tent. See Tent, Sponge-. 
 
 Spongework {spunj-zverk). Synonym of Spon- 
 gio plasm. 
 
 Spongiform {s pun' -je- form) [sponge; forma, a 
 form]. Resembling a sponge. 
 
 Spongin {spun'-jin) [sponge]. The horny sub- 
 stance forming the skeletal fibers of the sponge. 
 
 Spongioblast {spun' -je-o-blast) [sponge; flaaxbc, 
 a germ]. A variety of cell derived from the 
 ectoderm of the embryonic neural tube, and 
 forming later the neuroglia. S. of Inner 
 Molecular Layer of Retina. See Cells, 
 Amacrine. 
 
 Spongiocyte {spun'-je-o-sit) [sponge; kuxoc, a 
 cell]. Fish's term for the glia or neuroglia 
 cell. _ 
 
 Spongiopilin {spun-je-o-pi' -lin) [sponge; Tt'cXoc, 
 felt]. Felted or woven cloth into which tufts 
 of sponge are incorporated and one side of 
 which is coated with rubber; it is used as a 
 poultice. 
 
SPONGIOPLASM 
 
 912 
 
 SPOT 
 
 Spongioplasm (spun' -je-o-plazm) sponge; 
 TiXaooecv, to mold]. The fine, elastic, proto- 
 plasmic threads forming the reticulum of cells. 
 
 Spongiositis (spun-je-o-si'-tis). Inflammation 
 of the corpus spongiosum. 
 
 Spongy (spun'-je) [sponge]. Having the texture of 
 sponge. S. Portion of the Urethra, that con- 
 tained in the corpus spongiosum of the urethra. 
 
 Spontaneous {spon-ta'-ne-us) [spons, will]. 
 Voluntary; occurring without extraneous im*- 
 pulse; automatic. 
 
 Spoon. An instrument consisting of an oval 
 or circular bowl fixed to a handle; it is used in 
 surgery to scrape away dead tissue, granula- 
 tions, etc. 
 
 Spoonful. A spoon is full when the contained 
 liquid comes up to but does not show a curve 
 above the upper edge or rim of the bowl. A 
 teaspoonful equals 5 Cc. ; a dessertspoonful, 
 10 Cc. ; a tablespoonful, 15 Cc. 
 
 Sporadic (spor-ad'-ik) [oTzopadcKoc;, scattered]. 
 Scattered; occurring in an isolated manner. 
 S. Cholera, cholera morbus. 
 
 Sporadoneure {spor-ad'-o-nur) [onopac, scat- 
 tered; veupov, a nerve]. An isolated nerve-cell. 
 
 Sporangium (spor-an' '-je-um) [spore; ayyziov, 
 a vessel; pi., sporangia]. In biology, a cap- 
 sule producing or inclosing spores. 
 
 Spore (spor) [onopoc, seed]. A seed; a repro- 
 ductive body of lower vegetable organisms, as 
 of bacteria. 
 
 Sporidium (spor-id'-e-um) [spore; cdcov, a dim. ; 
 pi., sporidia]. 1. In biology, a spore borne 
 upon a promycelium. 2. A provisional genus 
 of Sporozoa. S. vaccinale, Funck, a species 
 of sporozoa occurring as: (1) small, spheric, 
 highly refractive bodies (2-10 p.), of green color 
 and* slow movement; (2) small refracting 
 spheres inclosed in capsules; (3) morula 
 masses or spore-casts. They can be cultivated 
 and the culture produces typical vaccinia when 
 inoculated in calves. 
 
 Sporif erous (spor-if'-er-us) [spore; ferre, to bear]. 
 Spore-bearing. 
 
 Sporification {spor-if-ik-a'-shun). The for- 
 mation of spores. 
 
 Sporo- (spor-o-) [spore]. A prefix meaning re- 
 lating to a spore or seed. 
 
 Sporoblast (spor'-o-blast) [sporo-; ftXaoTOf, a 
 germ]. One of the four round bodies pro- 
 duced by the process of endogenous cell-for- 
 mation in a coccidium. 
 
 Sporocyst (spor'-o-sist) [sporo-; kuotic, a bag]. 
 1. The mother-cell of a spore. 2. That 
 stage of a sporozoon resulting from the de- 
 velopment of a sporoblast and in its turn giv- 
 ing rise to two sporo zoits. 
 
 Sporogenesis (spor-o-jen' -es-is) [sporo-; ykvtotg, 
 generation]. The development of spores; 
 reproduction by spores. 
 
 Sporogony {spor-o g'-o-ne). 1. See Sporogen- 
 esis. 2. A form of exogenous sporulation; 
 an oocyst containing a sporont divides 'into 
 four sporoblasts, which ripen into sporocysts 
 and in turn divide into a crescentic nucleated 
 body, the sporozoit. It occurs among coc- 
 cidia. Cf. Schizogony. 
 
 Sporont {spor'-ont) [sporo-; wv, being]. 1. In bi- 
 ology a gregarine without ah epimerite, as 
 distinguished from a cephalont. 2. Schau- 
 dinn's term for the single-celled contents of 
 the coccidial oocyst. Cf. Schizont. 
 
 Sporophore (spor r -o-for) [sporo-; (pkpecv, to bear]. 
 That portion of a fungus bearing the spores. 
 
 Sporoplasm (spor'-o-plazm) [sporo-; nAaooetv, 
 to form]. The cytoplasm of the asexual re- 
 productive cell. 
 
 Sporotheca (spor-o-the'-kah) [sporo-; Otjkt), a 
 case]. 1. See Sporangium. 2. The envelop 
 of the sporulating cell. 
 
 Sporozoa (spor-o-zo f -ah) [sporo-; Z,&ov, an 
 animal]. A class of parasitic Protozoa sub- 
 divided into the Gregarinidea, parasitic in vari- 
 ous worms and arthropods; the Coccididea or 
 oviform psorosperms, parasitic in the hepatic 
 and intestinal epithelium of various mammals, 
 including man; the Sarco sporidia, or tubuli- 
 form psorosperms, parasitic in the muscles of 
 various animals ; the Myxosporidia, the psoro- 
 sperms of fishes; the Micro sporidia, the 
 psorosperms of articulates. 
 
 Sporozoit (spor-o-zo'-it) [see Sporozoa]. The 
 sickle-shaped, nucleated organism which re- 
 sults from the division of a sporocyst among 
 the sporozoa. Syn., Germinal rod (Ross, 
 1878); Zygotoblast (Ross, 1899); Gameto- 
 blast (Lankester, 1900). 
 
 Sporozoon (spor-o-zo' '-on) [see Sporozoa]. In 
 biology, a member of the Sporozoa. 
 
 Sporulation (spor-u-la'-shun) [spore]. The 
 production of spores. S., Arthrogenous, 
 the change of bacteria into resistant forms, 
 which are capable of germinating again under 
 favorable conditions. 
 
 Spot [ME.]. See Macule. S.s, Acoustic. 
 See Maculce acusticce under Macula. S.S, 
 Bitot's, xerosis conjunctivae; silver-gray, 
 shiny, triangular spots on both sides 
 of the cornea, within the region of the 
 palpebral aperture, consisting of dried 
 epithelium, flaky masses, and microorgan- 
 isms. They are observed in some cases of 
 hemeralopia. S., Blind (of Mariotte), the 
 entrance of the optic nerve where the rods 
 and the cones are absent. S., Blue (of the 
 integument), a tegumentary spot over the 
 sacral region characteristic of the Mongolian 
 race; due to aggregations of long, spindle- 
 shaped, and stellate cells in the cutis contain- 
 ing pigment. It appears in the fourth month 
 of fetal life and persists sometimes to the 
 seventh year. S., Corneal, an opacity of the 
 cornea; leukoma. S.s, Cribriform, the 
 perforations of the fovea hemisphaerica for 
 the passage of the filaments of the auditory 
 nerve. Syn., Macula cribrosa. S. -disease. 
 See Pebrine. S., Embryonic, the nucleolus 
 of the ovum. S.s, Genital, nasal parts which 
 show increased sensitiveness during men- 
 struation. S., Germinal, S., Germ-. See 
 S., Embryonic. S., Hectic, the bright flush 
 on the cheeks of a person suffering from 
 hectic fever. S.s, Koplik's. See Koplik's 
 Spots under Sign. S.s, Lenticular. See 
 
SPOTTED FEVER 
 
 913 
 
 SQUAMOSPHENOID 
 
 S.s., Rose. S., Light (on the membrana 
 tympani), a cone of light on the anterior and 
 inferior part of the tympanic membrane, with 
 its apex directed inward. S., Mariotte's, 
 the optic disc. S., Milk-, a spot found 
 postmortem on the external surface of the 
 visceral layer of the pericardium, usually 
 over the right ventricle; it varies from one- 
 half to one inch in diameter, and is of common 
 occurrence in persons who have passed middle 
 life. S.s, de Morgan's. See Morgan's (de) 
 Spots under Sign. S., Mother's, nevus. 
 S.s, Rose, a red papulous eruption forming 
 spots the size of a small lentil, effaced by 
 pressure of the finger and occurring mostly 
 on the abdomen and loins during the first 
 seven days of typhoid fever. They are 
 due to inflammation of the papillary layer 
 of the skin from invasion of typhoid bacilli. 
 Syn., Typhoid roseola; Typhoid spots; Fr., 
 Tache rosees lenticulaires. Cf . Tache bleudtre. 
 S.s, Roth's. See Roth's Spots under Sign. 
 S.s, Soldiers'. Same as Macula lutea. S., 
 Sommering's. See Macula lutea. S.s, Sun. 
 See Lentigo. S.s, Typhoid. See S.s, Rose. 
 S. of Wagner, the embryonic spot. S.s, 
 White, grayish or yellowish-white elevated 
 spots from the size of a pin-head to that of a 
 one-cent piece, of varying shape and distinct- 
 ness of outline, often occurring on the ventricu- 
 lar surface of the anterior leaflet of the mitral 
 valve. S., Wine-, port -wine mark; straw- 
 berry mark. S., Yellow. See Macula lutea. 
 
 Spotted Fever, i. Cerebrospinal fever. 2. 
 Typhus. 
 
 Sprain (spran) [OF., ^espreindre, from L., ex- 
 primere, to press out]. A wrenching of a joint, 
 producing a stretching or laceration of the 
 ligaments. S. -fracture, an injury in which 
 a tendon together with a shell of bone is torn 
 from its attachment. 
 
 Spray (spra). A liquid blown into minute par- 
 ticles by a strong current of air. S.-cure, a 
 form of douche applied by means of a spray- 
 ing apparatus. 
 
 Sprengel's Deformity. See Deformation, 
 SprengeV s. 
 
 Sprew (spru). See Sprue. 
 
 Spring [ME.]. The first of the four seasons 
 of the year; also, a device having resili- 
 ency. S. Conjunctivitis. See Vernal Con- 
 junctivitis. S. Fever, lassitude. S. -fin- 
 ger, a condition in which there is an 
 obstruction to flexion and extension of one 
 or more fingers at a certain stage of these 
 movements. It is due to injuries or may re- 
 sult from inflammation of the tendinous 
 sheaths. S.-halt, an involuntary convulsive 
 movement of the muscles of either hind leg in 
 the horse, by which the leg is suddenly and 
 unduly raised from the ground and lowered 
 again with unnatural force. S. -knee, a con- 
 dition of the knee similar in general features 
 to the condition known as spring-finger. Just 
 before full extension of the joint is reached 
 there is a slight hitch, and then the limb 
 straightens itself with a sharp, rather painful 
 59 
 
 jerk. S. -ligament, the inferior calcaneosca- 
 phoid ligament of the sole of the foot. S.- 
 nail, a hangnail. S. Ophthalmia. See 
 Vernal Conjunctivitis. S.-worm. See Ox- 
 yuris venmicularis. 
 
 Sprue. 1. Thrush. 2. The name given by 
 the Dutch in Java to aphthae tropica? (q. v.); 
 a chronic catarrhal inflammation of the entire 
 alimentary tract, especially prevalent in Ma- 
 laya. Syn., Ceylon sore mouth; Diarrhcea alba; 
 Sprout; Tropical sprue. 
 
 Spud [Dan., spyd, a spear]. 1. An instrument 
 used in the detachment of the mucosa in flaps 
 in operations necessitating the removal of bone. 
 2. A short flattened blade used to dislodge a 
 foreign substance. 
 
 Spunk (spnngk). See under Agaric. 
 
 Spur (sper) [ME., spure]. 1. A sharp point 
 or projection. 2. The angle made by any 
 branch with the main blood-vessel. 3. In 
 biology, a pointed, spine-like outgrowth, 
 either of the integument or a projecting ap- 
 pendage. 4. Ergot. S. -blind, myopic. S.- 
 gall, a callous and hairless place on the side of 
 a horse, caused by the use of a spur. S. of 
 the Septum, an outgrowth of the nasal septum. 
 
 Sputum {spu'-tum) [spuere, to spit; pi., sputa]. 
 The secretion ejected from the mouth in spit- 
 ting. It consists of saliva and mucus from 
 the nasal fossa and the fauces. In diseased 
 conditions of the air-passages or lungs it may 
 be purulent, mucopurulent, fibrinous, or 
 bloody. S., jEruginous, sputum of a green 
 color. S. crudum, the scanty, viscid ex- 
 pectoration of the early stages of acute bron- 
 chitis. S., Hailstone, spheric masses of 
 sputum of the later stages of bronchitis. 
 Sputa margaritacea. See S., Pearly. S., 
 Mucopurulent, small lumps or pellets in a 
 viscid, mucoserous fluid, seen in bronchitis. 
 S., Nummular, a sputum characterized by 
 round, coin-like masses; it is seen in pulmo- 
 nary tuberculosis. S., Pearly, sputum con- 
 sisting of small translucent pellets. S., 
 Rusty, the dark-colored sputum of lobar pneu- 
 monia, the color of which is due to the admix- 
 ture of blood. S. Septicemia. See Septicemia, 
 Sputum. 
 
 Squama (skwa'-mah) [L.]. A scale or scale- 
 like mass, as the squama of the temporal 
 bone. S. frontalis, the vertical portion of 
 the frontal bone. S. occipitalis, the supra- 
 occipital bone. S. temporalis, the squamosa. 
 
 Squamo- (skwa-mo-) [squama], A prefix de- 
 noting relating to the squamous portion of 
 the parietal or temporal bone. 
 
 Squamomandibular {skwa-mo-man-dib f -u-lar) . 
 Relating to the squamosa and maxillary bone. 
 
 Squamoparietal {skwa-mo-par-i'-et-al) [squa- 
 mo-; paries, wall]. Pertaining to the squam- 
 ous portion of the parietal bone. 
 
 Squamosa, Squamosal (skwa-mo'-sah, skwa- 
 mo'-sal). The squamous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone. 
 
 Squamosphenoid (skvja-mo-sfe' -noid) [squamo-; 
 sphenoid]. Pertaining to the squamous portion 
 of the temporal bone and to the sphenoid bone. 
 
SQUAMOTEMPORAL 
 
 914 
 
 STAIN 
 
 Squamotemporal (skwa-mo-tem'-po-ral) [squa- 
 mo-; temporal]. Pertaining to the squamous 
 portion of the temporal bone. 
 
 Squamous (skwa'-mus) [squamosus, scaly], i. 
 Of the shape of a scale, as the squamous 
 portion of the temporal bone. 2. Scaly. S. 
 Suture, the suture, between the squamous 
 portion of the temporal bone and the frontal 
 and parietal bones. 
 
 Squamozygomatic (skwa-mo-zi-go-mat f -ik) 
 [squamo-; zygomatic]. Pertaining to the squa- 
 mous and zygomatic portions of the temporal 
 bone. 
 
 Square Lobe. 1. The lobus quadratus of the 
 liver. 2. A lobe on the upper surface of the 
 cerebellar hemisphere. 
 
 Squarious, Squarrous (skwa'-re-us, skwar'-us) 
 [squariosus, scurfy]. Scurfy. 
 
 Squill (skwtt). The bulb of Urginea mari- 
 tima (U. S. P.) or Urginea scilla (B. P.), of 
 the order Liliacea. Squill {scilla, U. S. P., B. 
 P.) contains several bitter principles, scillitin, 
 scillipicrin, scillitoxin, and scillin, a carbohy- 
 drate sinistrin, and other substances. It is 
 expectorant, diuretic, and emetocathartic, and 
 is used in dropsy and in croup. Dose 1-2 gr. 
 (0.065-0.13 Gm.). S., Fluidextract of 
 (fluidextr actum settles, U. S. P.). Dose 2-3 
 min. (0.13-0.2 Cc). S., Oxymel of (oxymel 
 scilla, B. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Gm.). S., 
 Pills of, Compound (pilula scilla composites, 
 B. P.). Dose 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). S., 
 Syrup of (syrupus scilla, U. S. P., B. P.). 
 Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). S., Syrup of, Com- 
 pound (syrupus scilla compositus, U. S. P.), 
 hive-syrup. Dose 20-30 min. (1.3-2.0 Cc). 
 S., Tincture of (tinctura scilla, U. S. P., B. 
 P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). S., 
 Vinegar of (acetum scilla, U. S. P., B. P.). 
 Dose 10-30 min. (0.65-2.0 Cc). 
 
 Squint (skwint). See Strabismus. 
 
 Squirting Cucumber. See Elaterium. 
 
 Sr. Symbol for strontium. 
 
 Ss. Abbreviation for semis, one-half. 
 
 Stabile (sta'-bil) [stabilis, from stare, to stand]. 
 Not moving; fixed. S. Current, an electric 
 current produced by holding the electrodes in 
 a fixed position. 
 
 Staccato Speech. See Scanning. 
 
 Stachydrin (sta-kid'-rin), C 7 H 13 N0 2 . An al- 
 kaloid from the bulb of Stachys palustris, form- 
 ing colorless crystals which liquefy on ex- 
 posure; soluble in water and alcohol; melt at 
 210 C. 
 
 Staderini's Nucleus. The nucleus inter- 
 calatus, an aggregation of ganglion-cells situ- 
 ated between the dorsal nucleus of the pneumo- 
 gastric and the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve. 
 
 Stadium (sta'-de-um) [L.]. Stage. S. 
 acmes, the height of a disease. S. amphi- 
 boles. See Stage, Amphibolic. S. annihila- 
 tionis, the convalescent stage. S. augmenti, 
 the period in which there is increase in the 
 intensity of the disease. S. caloris, the period 
 during which there is fever; the hot stage. 
 S. decrementi, defervescence of a febrile 
 disease; the period in which there is a de- 
 
 crease in the severity of the disease. S. flori- 
 tionis, the stage of an eruptive disease during 
 which the exanthem is at its height. S. 
 frigoris, the cold stage of a fever. See Stage, 
 Algid. S. incrementi, the stage of increase 
 of a fever or disease. S. staseos. See 5. 
 acmes. 
 
 Staff. An instrument for passing into the blad- 
 der through the urethra and used as a guide in 
 operations for stricture. 
 
 Staff a [sta]' -ah). 1. The stapes. 2. A figure- 
 of-8 bandage. 
 
 Stage (staj) [stare, to stand]. 1. A definite 
 period of a disease characterized by certain 
 symptoms ; a condition in the course of a dis- 
 ease. 2. The horizontal plate projecting 
 from the pillar of a microscope for supporting 
 the slide or object. S., Algid, a condition 
 characterized by subnormal temperature, 
 feeble, flickering pulse, various nervous symp- 
 toms, etc. It occurs in cholera and other 
 diseases marked by exhausting intestinal dis- 
 charges. S., Amphibolic, the stage of a dis- 
 ease intervening between its height and its de- 
 cline. S., Asphyxial, the preliminary stage 
 of Asiatic cholera, marked by extreme thirst, 
 muscular cramps, etc., due to loss of water 
 from the blood. S., Cold, the rigor or chill 
 of an attack of a malarial paroxysm. S., 
 Expulsive (of labor), the stage which begins 
 when dilation of the cervix uteri is complete 
 and during which the child is expelled from 
 the uterus. See Labor, Stages of. S., First 
 (of labor), that stage in which the 
 molding of the fetal head and the dila- 
 tion of the cervix are effected. S., Hot, the 
 febrile stage of a malarial paroxysm. S. of 
 Invasion, the period in the course of a dis- 
 ease in which the system comes under the 
 influence of the morbific agent. S. of 
 Latency, the incubation-period of an infec- 
 tious disease, or that period intervening be- 
 tween the entrance of the virus and the man- 
 ifestations of the symptoms to which it gives 
 rise. S., Placental (of labor), the period oc- 
 cupied by the expulsion of the placenta and 
 fetal membranes. S., Preemptive, the 
 period of an eruptive fever following infection 
 and prior to the appearance of the eruption. 
 S., Second (of labor). See S., Expulsive. 
 S., Sweating, the third or terminal stage of a 
 malarial paroxysm, during which there is 
 sweating. S., Third (of labor). See S., 
 Placental. 
 
 Stagium (sta'-je-um). The sixth part of an 
 ounce. 
 
 Stagnum chyli. Same as Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 Stahl's Ear. A congenital deformity of the ear 
 which consists in a broadening of the helix, 
 the fossa ovalis and upper part of the scaphoid 
 fossa being covered. 
 
 Stahlian (stah'-le-an). An animist, a follower 
 of the doctrine of George Ernst Stahl, Ger- 
 man chemist, 1 660-1 734. 
 
 Stain (stan) [from distain, from dis, priv. ; lin- 
 ger e, to color]. 1. A discoloration. 2. A 
 pigment employed in microscopy to color the 
 
STAIN 
 
 915 
 
 STAIN 
 
 tissues or to produce certain reactions. The 
 common microscopic stains are hematoxylin, 
 carmin, osmic acid, and the anilin dyes. S., 
 Intra vitam, one that will act upon living 
 material. S., Inversion, of Rawitz, a 
 process in which, under the influence of a 
 mordant, a basic anilin dye behaves as a plasma 
 or acid dye. Table of Stains, Reagents, 
 Reactions, Staining Methods, etc.: Ap- 
 pended are those most important to students 
 of medicine. For a full definition of all the 
 stains, etc., in use in special and general 
 branches, see the Illustrated Dictionary and 
 the Dictionary of New Medical Terms. 
 Acid Fuchsin, a diffuse stain, having a 
 special affinity for axis-cylinders. A solution 
 of 2 Gm. in 40 Cc. of 90 % alcohol and 160 Cc. 
 of distilled water is employed. Wash out in 
 90% alcohol. Weigert stains sections of 
 tissue hardened in Miiller's fluid in a saturated 
 aqueous solution of acid fuchsin for from 1 to 
 24 hours, then rinses them quickly in water, 
 immerses for a few minutes in a saturated 
 solution of potassium hydroxid, 1 part, al- 
 cohol, 10 parts. Wash thoroughly to remove 
 the alkali, dehydrate, clear, and mount. This 
 process differentiates the finer nerve-fibers in 
 the spinal cord. Alcohol, an excellent 
 fixing medium, suitable for all tissues except 
 those of the central nervous system and those 
 undergoing fatty infiltration or degeneration. 
 It is also used to harden and preserve objects 
 that have been fixed in other fluids. As a 
 preservative it is not without defects, as it 
 alters the structure of tissues by continuously 
 dehydrating their albuminoids. Toluol, ether, 
 and xylol are recommended as substitutes 
 (Kultschitzky). As a fixing agent alco- 
 hol is usually employed in gradually increas- 
 ing strengths, beginning with 50 or 70 %. 
 Alcohol, Absolute, one of the most pene- 
 trating fixing agents, which has the advantage 
 of preserving the structure of glands and of 
 nuclei. It should be employed in large quan- 
 tities. Hydration may be prevented by sus- 
 pending in the alcohol strips of gelatin (Lo w- 
 rie). After fixation, preserve the object in 
 90 % alcohol. Amyloid Reaction (in tissues 
 having undergone amyloid degeneration). 1. 
 With iodin: Dilute Lugol's solution wth dis- 
 tilled water until it has the color of port-wine, 
 and add 25 % of glycerol; in this stain the 
 sections for 3 minutes, wash in water, and 
 mount in glycerol. The amyloid substance 
 is brown-red; the remaining tissues are light- 
 yellow. (For permanent preparations see the 
 method of Langhans for glycogen.) 2. With 
 iodin-green : Stain for 24 hours in iodin-green 
 (0.5 Gm. dissolved in 150 Cc. of distilled 
 water) and wash in water. The amyloid 
 masses are red-violet, the remaining tissues 
 green. 3. With iodin and sulfuric acid: 
 Place sections that have been treated with 
 Lugol's solution (see Iodin Reaction in this 
 table) in 1 % sulfuric acid. The brown of 
 the amyloid substance becomes intensified or 
 it changes to a violet or blue to green color. 
 
 4. With methyl-green : Stain for from 3 to 5 
 minutes in 1 % solution of the dye and wash in 
 distilled water containing 1 % of hydrochloric 
 acid. Amyloid substance violet, nuclei, green. 
 
 5. With methyl- violet: The process of stain- 
 ing is the same as with methyl-green. The 
 amyloid is purple-red, the remaining tissue 
 blue. Anilin Oil, an important medium 
 because of its ability to clear watery objects; 
 it will even clear aqueous mediums without 
 the intervention of alcohol, which sometimes 
 renders it valuable as a penetrating medium 
 prior to paraffin embedding. It is also used 
 for clearing celloidin sections. Anilin 
 Water (Ehrlich), shake up 3 Cc. of 
 anilin oil with 97 Cc. of distilled water and 
 filter. The filtrate should be clear. Used as 
 a mordant for anilin dyes. It does not keep 
 well, and should be freshly prepared. Apathy 
 Cement, heat together, in a porcelain cap- 
 sule, equal parts of hard " paraffin (6o° C. 
 (140 F.) melting-point) and Canada balsam 
 until the mixture assumes a golden tint and 
 no longer emits vapors of turpentine. On 
 cooling, this forms a firm mass, which for 
 use is warmed and applied with a glass rod. 
 This cement is suitable for closing glycerol 
 mounts. Balsam -paraffin for Ceils (Julien), 
 this substance consists of paraffin saturated 
 with balsam-cement, and is prepared as fol- 
 lows: Reduce commercial Canada balsam 
 to a wax-like consistence by slow evaporation 
 in a shallow tin pan over a low flame. Test 
 by cooling a few drops from time to time. 
 Melt slowly one-fourth pound of paraffin, 
 with a melting-point above 45 C. (113 F.); 
 add a lump of balsam-cement about the size 
 of a marble, and then digest at gentle heat, 
 stirring frequently, for about an hour. The 
 appearance of a slight yellow tinge indicates 
 the saturation of the paraffin by the balsam. 
 When it is desired to prepare a cell, the balsam- 
 paraffin is cautiously heated to the melting- 
 point in a shallow porcelain capsule. These 
 paraffin cells are suitable for dry or liquid 
 mounts, excepting for the latter when Canada 
 balsam, dammar, or oils are used as preserva- 
 tives. The great advantage of the balsam- 
 paraffin is its chemic indifference to the re- 
 agents employed in the preservation mediums. 
 Boston's Mixture (for the preservation of 
 casts in urine), liquor acidi arsenosi ( U. S. 
 P.), 1. oz. ; salicylic acid, J gr. ; glycerol, 2 
 dr. Dissolve by warming gently and add 
 "whole tears" of acacia to saturation. Let 
 the mixture settle, decant the supernatant 
 liquid, and add a drop of formalin. Place a 
 drop of urine containing casts on a slide, 
 evaporate nearly to dryness, add a drop of the 
 preservative, mix the two with a delicate 
 needle, apply a cover-glass, and when the 
 mount has hardened, seal with cement. Bre- 
 mer's Method (for diabetic blood), fix the films 
 for 6 minutes in the oven at 135 C. (275 F.). 
 Stain for 3 minutes with 1 % solution of methyl- 
 blue or with the Ehrlich-Biondi mixture. 
 The yellow-green reaction of the erythrocytes 
 
STAIN 
 
 916 
 
 STAIN 
 
 may also be obtained by using eosin, congo 
 red, or biebrich scarlet in i % solution. 
 Canada Balsam, evaporate the balsam in 
 a water-bath to dryness, and dissolve in an 
 equal volume of xylol, benzol, toluol, chloro- 
 form, or turpentine. Filter through paper 
 and keep in a "capped" bottle. If it gets 
 too thick, dilute by adding more of the sol- 
 vent employed. Carbolfuchsin, fuchsin, i 
 Gm.; phenol, 5 Gm.; alcohol, 10 Gm.; dis- 
 tilled water, 100 Gm. Celloidin, stated to be 
 a preparation of pure pyroxylin. It is nonex- 
 plosive and is soluble in ether and alcohol. 
 Celloidin should be used in thin (2 %) and in 
 thick (6 %) solutions. The object is thoroughly 
 dehydrated in absolute alcohol, placed in a 
 mixture of equal parts of ether and alcohol for 
 from 12 to 24 hours, or longer if the object is 
 large. It is then placed for 24 hours in a thin 
 solution of celloidin (8 Gm. in 100 Cc. each of 
 alcohol and ether), and transferred from this 
 to a thick solution of celloidin (8 Gm. in 50 Cc. 
 each of alcohol and ether). Select a cork or 
 a piece of soft, dry wood, and dip it in the 
 thick celloidin solution; when dry, place the 
 prepared tissue upon it- and drop the thick 
 celloidin solution upon this with a pipet until 
 it is embedded in a jelly-like mass. Blocks 
 or cylinders of glass or vulcanized fiber serve 
 better than cork, as they sink in the liquids 
 used. Harden in 90 % alcohol, and preserve 
 in 70 % alcohol. When making sections, keep 
 the knife and section wet with alcohol. 
 Apathy advises previous smearing of the knife 
 with vaselin, as it cuts better and is protected 
 from the alcohol. Use bergamot oil to clear. 
 Sections may be kept in from 60 to 80 % al- 
 cohol. Chenzinsky's Stain {for blood), 
 concentrated aqueous solution of methylene- 
 blue and distilled water equal parts. To this 
 is added an equal quantity of 0.5% solution 
 of eosin in 60% alcohol. Stain blood-films 
 ^ to 5 minutes. Red blood-corpuscles stain 
 a rose-red, nuclei of leukocytes blue, and ma- 
 larial parasites blue. Claudius' Method 
 {for bacteria), stain in gentian or methyl- 
 violet, after Gram (see Gram's Method in this 
 table), differentiate in a saturated aqueous 
 solution of picric acid diluted with an equal 
 volume of water, decolorize in chloroform. 
 Collodion, prepared by dissolving gun- 
 cotton or soluble cotton in equal parts of 95 % 
 alcohol and sulfuric ether; it is in every way 
 as good as celloidin, and considerably cheaper. 
 Conn's Method {for preserving cultures of 
 bacteria as museum specimens). Inoculate 
 2 % agar slants and seal the tubes with paraffin 
 and plaster-of-paris. In a few days the cul- 
 tures cease growing and remain indefinitely 
 unaltered. Copper Acetate, a solution of 
 1 Gm. of copper acetate and 4 Gm. of mer- 
 curic chlorid in 250 Cc. of glycerol and 1 Cc. 
 of glacial acetic acid is used in preserving and 
 mounting green algae. Corrosive Sublimate, 
 a most excellent reagent, generally applicable, 
 useful particularly for fixing glands and gland- 
 ular structures. Saturated aqueous and al- 
 
 coholic solutions are usually employed. The 
 tissues turn white when fixed. All the cor- 
 rosive sublimate must be washed out in iodin 
 or the sections will be sprinkled with crystals 
 of the salt. The hardening is completed in 
 alcohol. Glass, wood, or platinum should 
 be used in manipulating objects immersed in 
 this reagent. Sections may be stained with 
 any of the usual reagents. Cover-glass 
 Preparations, such preparations are usually 
 made in examining blood, sputum, or other 
 fluid or semifluid substance. In the case of 
 sputum, a tiny mass is placed on a cover- 
 glass, another is pressed gently down upon 
 this, and the two glasses are separated by 
 sliding one over the other, the object being to 
 secure a thin, even film on each glass. The 
 film may also be spread with the edge of a 
 cover-glass or with a platinum spatula. The 
 preparations are then left to dry in air, or 
 they may be dried by exposing them to a tem- 
 perature of 120 for twenty minutes, or by 
 passing them quickly thrice through the 
 flame of a spirit-lamp or Bunsen burner. 
 When dry, they are ready to stain. To ob- 
 tain a cover-glass preparation of blood, cleanse 
 the finger, prick the pad, wipe off the first drop 
 of blood that exudes, touch the apex of the 
 second drop with a cover-glass, spread in the 
 manner described, and dry in air. Craig's 
 Method {for obtaining the flagellated malarial 
 Plasmodium), cleanse the ear or finger, also 
 the slide and cover-glass, with alcohol. Make 
 a puncture with a sterile needle and wipe away 
 the first drops of blood. Gently breathe upon 
 the slide and take up on it the blood from the 
 summit of the second drop and immediately 
 apply the cover-glass. The brief exposure to 
 air and the moisture on the slide are said to 
 hasten flagellation. Creasote, the prop- 
 erties of this agent are similar to those of 
 phenol. Beechwood creasote is a good clear- 
 ing medium for celloidin sections. Czen- 
 zynke's Double Stain, concentrated 
 aqueous solution of methylene-blue, 40 Cc; 
 0.5 % solution of eosin in 70 % alcohol, 20 Cc. ; 
 distilled water, 40 Cc. This is used to stain 
 the blood, and colors the red corpuscles red, 
 the leukocytes blue; also for Plasmodium 
 malaria, the gonococcus, and the influenza 
 bacillus of Pfeiffer and Canon. Dahlia- 
 violet, a nuclear stain, recommended for 
 demonstrating the granules in Ehrlich's 
 mastzellen. Tissues hardened in alcohol are 
 stained for several hours in a solution of dahlia- 
 violet 2 Gm., in 90 % alcohol 25 Cc. Wash in 
 alcohol until nearly colorless. Delafield's 
 Hematoxylin, an excellent nuclear stain. 
 Dissolve 4 Gm. of hematoxylin in 25 Cc. of 
 absolute alcohol, and add 400 Cc. of a satur- 
 ated aqueous solution of ammonium alum. 
 Expose to light and air for 3 or 4 days; filter; 
 add to the filtrate 100 Cc. each of glycerol 
 and methyl-alcohol. Eau de Labarraque 
 {sodium hypochlorite), rub up 20 Gm. of 
 chlorinated lime in 100 Cc. of distilled water 
 and mix with 40 Gm. of crystallized sodium 
 
STAIN 
 
 917 
 
 STAIN 
 
 carbonate dissolved in the same quantity of 
 water. Let the mixture stand for an hour and 
 filter. This is used in the same way as Javelle 
 water. With the aid of heat, chitin is dis- 
 solved in either of the solutions in a short 
 time (Loos). Chitinous structures, macerated 
 for 24 hours or more in these solutions diluted 
 with 4 to 6 volumes of water, become soft and 
 transparent, and permeable to staining fluids, 
 aqueous or alcoholic. This method is espe- 
 cially applicable to nematodes and their ova. 
 Ehrlich's Acid Hematoxylin, used for 
 staining sections and in the mass. Dis- 
 solve 1 Gm. of hematoxylin in 30 Cc. of alcohol 
 and add 50 Cc. each of glycerol and water, 
 alum in excess, and 4 Cc. of glacial acetic acid. 
 Let the mixture ripen in the light until it ac- 
 quires a deep-red color. Objects stained in 
 it should be washed in undistilled water. 
 Ehrlich's Anilin Gentian -violet, a mix- 
 ture of 5 Cc. of a saturated alcoholic solution 
 of gentian-violet and 100 Cc. of anilin water. 
 Ehrlich-Biondi-Heidenhain Triple Stain, 
 to 100 Cc. of a saturated aqueous solution of 
 orange add, with continual agitation, 20 Cc. 
 of a saturated, aqueous solution of acid fuchsin 
 and 50 Cc. of a like solution of methyl-green; 
 dilute with from 60 to 100 volumes of water. 
 A drop on blotting-paper should form a spot 
 bluish-green in the center, orange at the per- 
 iphery; a red zone outside the orange in- 
 dicates that the mixture contains too much 
 fuchsin. From 6 to 24 hours is required to 
 stain. Wash out in alcohol and clear in xylol. 
 Chromatic elements are colored blue; cyto- 
 plasm, violet or orange-red; karyoplasm, the 
 same, but in lighter tones, and all the denser 
 protoplasmic elements the same, but darker 
 (Gilson). This is by far the best stain for 
 photomicrography, except for connective 
 tissue (Lindsay Johnson). A slightly acid re- 
 action of the alcohol used for washing out will 
 produce a relatively strong coloration by the 
 methyl-green, while that by the fuchsin will 
 be relatively pale; the opposite result will be 
 obtained if the alcohol contains a trace of al- 
 kali. The addition of very dilute acetic acid, 
 until the red tint is markedly intensified, will 
 restore the energy of the fuchsin, which is 
 likely to decline after a time (Heidenhain). 
 Ehrlich's Iodin Method, stain the fixed 
 film in a syrupy solution of gum-arabic con- 
 taining 1 % of Lugol's solution: leukocytes 
 stained brown indicate a suppurative process. 
 Ehrlich's Stains (for the granules of leuko- 
 cytes) . 1. A cidophilous or eosinophilous mix- 
 ture: Two parts each of indulin, aurantia, 
 and eosin; glycerol, 30 parts. Suitable for 
 staining sections and cover-glass preparations. 
 This is also known as "Mixture C." 2. 
 "Triacid" mixture: Dissolve — (a) 1 Gm. of 
 orange-yellow (extra) in 50 Cc. of distilled 
 water; (b) 1 Gm. of acid fuchsin extra in 50 
 Cc. of distilled water; (c) 1 Gm. of crystalline 
 methyl-green in 50 Cc. of distilled water. 
 Let the solutions settle. Then mix 11 Cc. of 
 solution a with 10 Cc. of solution b; add 20 
 
 Cc. of distilled water and 10 Cc. of absolute 
 alcohol; to this mixture add a mixture of 13 
 Cc. of solution c, 10 Cc. of distilled water, and 
 3 Cc. of absolute alcohol. Let the stain stand 
 for one or two weeks before using. Farrant's 
 Solution (Hamilton), make a saturated 
 solution of arsenic trioxid in water by boiling; 
 let it stand for 24 hours and filter. Then to 
 equal quantities of water, glycerol, and arsenic 
 trioxid solution add picked gum-arabic until 
 a thick, syrupy fluid is obtained. In about 
 a week filter slowly through frequently 
 changed filter-paper. Flemming's Fluid. 1. 
 Chromium trioxid, 0.2 Gm. ; glacial acetic acid, 
 0.1 Cc; water, 100 Cc. This is especially rec- 
 ommended for fixing the achromatic spindle- 
 fibers in nuclei. (2) Chromium trioxid ( 1 %), 
 45 Cc; 2% osmic acid, 12 Cc; glacial acetic 
 acid, 3 Cc This fixes small pieces (2-3 mm. 
 thick) in from a few to 24 hours, and is useful 
 for fixing the figures in cell-division and for 
 many other purposes. A weaker solution is 
 also used: 1% osmic and glacial acetic acids, 
 each, 100 Cc. The second formula is the 
 one generally known as Flemming's fluid. 
 Frankel-Gabbet Method (for tubercle bacilli), 
 the dried and fixed preparation is placed for 
 10 minutes in a solution consisting of fuchsin, 1 
 part; alcohol, 10 parts; phenol, 5 parts; dis- 
 tilled water, 100 parts; then dried with filter- 
 paper and placed for 5 minutes in a second 
 solution of methylene-blue, 2 parts; sulfuric 
 acid, 25 parts; distilled water, 100 parts; it 
 is then washed and dried. If the stain has 
 been successful, the preparation will have a 
 faint blue color. In the case of sections, 
 dehydrate with alcohol; clear and mount. A 
 good and quick method. Futcher-Lazear 
 Method (for the malarial parasite), fix the 
 film for one minute in a mixture of 10 Cc. of 
 95% alcohol and 2 drops of formalin; wash, 
 dry, and stain for 15 seconds in carbolthionin, 
 prepared by mixing 20 Cc. of a saturated so- 
 lution of the dye in 50 % alcohol and 100 Cc. 
 of 2 % aqueous solution of phenol. Gentian- 
 violet. 1. (Concentrated alcoholic.) Gentian- 
 violet, 25 Gm.; absolute alcohol, 100 
 Cc. 2. (Aqueous.) Gentian-violet, 1 Gm.; 
 90% alcohol, 20 Cc; distilled water, 
 80 Cc A nuclear stain, prepared by 
 dissolving 0.5 Gm. of the dye in 80 Cc. 
 of distilled water, 20 Cc. of 90% alcohol, 
 and 1 Cc of glacial acetic acid. Stains in 5 
 minutes. Dissolved in indifferent mediums 
 it may be used for staining intra vitam, and in 
 acid solutions colors the nuclei of fresh tis- 
 sues. It may be used according to Gram's 
 method. Glycerin- jelly, soak in 150 Cc. 
 of distilled water 25 Gm. of gelatin for two 
 hours, and add 3 Cc. of phenol and 175 Cc. of 
 glycerol; heat for 15 minutes and filter through 
 spun glass. Wrap the cork of the bottle in 
 which the jelly is preserved in linen dipped in 
 dilute phenol. For use, melt it in hot water, 
 place a drop on the section, upon which gently 
 press a cover-glass. Glychemalum, hem- 
 atein, 0.4 Gm. (rubbed with a few drops of 
 
STAIN 
 
 918 
 
 STAIN 
 
 glycerol until it dissolves); alum, 5 Gm.; 
 glycerol, 30 Cc. ; distilled water, 70 Cc. (Mayer). 
 Gold Chlorid, recommended for tracing 
 nerve-endings in fresh tissues and for staining 
 connective tissue and cartilage-cells. Place 
 small pieces of tissue, \ inch square, in from 
 0.5 to 1 % solution of commercial gold chlorid 
 in distilled water. Keep in the dark, and 
 when the tissue has become yellow, wash in 
 distilled water. Then expose to the light in 
 50 Cc. of water containing 2 drops of acetic 
 acid for 48 hours, or until the tissue acquires 
 a purple tint. Mount in glycerol. Gold- 
 horn's Stain (for blood), preparation of the 
 solution of polychrome methylene-blue. 
 Solution A (Merck's medicinal methylene- 
 blue: Grubler's methylene-blue rectified, and 
 methylene-blue: — Koch): Dissolve 2 Gm. 
 methylene-blue in 300 Cc. warm water. Add 
 to this 4 Gm. lithium carbonate, shaking con- 
 stantly. Heat .in an evaporating dish on a 
 water-bath, the water touching the dish. Stir 
 the solution occasionally. Remove in 15 to 20 
 minutes. Do not filter. Set aside for several 
 days. Then add dilute acetic acid (5 %) until 
 the solution is only faintly alkaline. Solution 
 B: A 0.1% aqueous solution of eosin. Fix 
 blood-films in methyl-alcohol for 15 seconds. 
 Wash in running water. Stain in solution B for 
 7 to 30 seconds. Wash. Stain in solution A for 
 30 seconds to 2 minutes. Wash thoroughly 
 in running water. Dry by agitating in air, 
 not between filter-paper. The eosin may be 
 added to the methyl-alcohol (enough to make 
 a o. 1 % solution) ; or solution B may be added 
 to solution A (1:4), but this easily produces a 
 precipitate (the neutral stain). These give 
 good results. Mixtures of methyl-alcohol, 
 eosin, and polychrome methylene-blue give 
 poor results. The depth of the chromatin 
 stain depends on the length of staining. To 
 stain the chromatin of half-grown malarial 
 parasites ij to 2 minutes is necessary, while 
 the chromatin of the hyaline forms stains in 
 10 seconds. Repeated staining may improve 
 the chromatin violet. To do this the blood- 
 film may be stained with solution B for 5 
 seconds, with solution A for 10 seconds. 
 Golgi's Method (for the restoration of over- 
 hardened tissue), wash in a half-saturated 
 solution of copper acetate until it yields no 
 precipitate, and return for 5 or 6 days to 
 Golgi's mixture (see below). The tissue will 
 then take the silver and the sections can be 
 mounted in thickened cedar oil under a cover- 
 glass. Golgi's Mixture, potassium dichro- 
 mate (3.5% solution), 54 Cc; osmic acid 
 (2 %), 6 Cc. Gonococcus, the gonococci are 
 seen in the pus-cells grouped around the 
 nucleus. Watery solutions of anilin dyes, 
 preferably methylene-blue, stain the cocci 
 intensely. Gram's Method, heat for from 
 2 to 5 minutes, or stain cold for from 20 to 30 
 minutes (tubercle bacilli, 12 to 24 hours), in 
 saturated solution of gentian-violet anilin 
 water; rinse quickly in absolute alcohol; 
 transfer to Gram's solution (1 to ij minutes), 
 
 in which the specimen turns black; wash in 
 alcohol until the black color vanishes and a 
 pale-gray color appears; dry and mount in 
 Canada balsam. The decolorization may 
 be hastened by adding 3 % nitric acid to the 
 alcohol and then washing in pure alcohol. All 
 the tissue-cells are decolorized by this method, 
 while the bacteria are stained a deep blue. 
 The cells may be subsequently stained with a 
 watery or alcoholic solution of Bismarck 
 brown for from 2 to 5 minutes, then washed in 
 absolute alcohol until the section is yellowish- 
 brown. This method is of diagnostic value, 
 as certain bacteria are stained, others decolor- 
 ized, by it. The bacteria that are stained by 
 Gram's method are: tubercle bacillus; 
 Fraenkel-Weichselbaum pneumococcus; 
 Streptococcus pyogenes; streptococcus of ery- 
 sipelas; Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, 
 albus, vitreus, and flavus; anthrax bacillus; 
 bacillus of hog erysipelas. The bacteria that 
 are decolorized by Gram's method are: 
 Typhoid bacillus; gonococcus; Friedlander 's 
 capsule bacillus; Koch's comma bacillus; 
 glanders bacillus, and the spirillum of relaps- 
 ing fever. Botkin advises washing the pre- 
 paration in plain anilin water before decolor- 
 izing in the iodin solution. Modifications of 
 Gram's Method: 1. Gunther's modification: 
 Transfer from the iodin-potassium-iodid so- 
 lution to alcohol, then to a mixture of alcohol, 
 1 volume, and nitric acid, 3 volumes, and from 
 this again into alcohol. 2. Nicolle's modifica- 
 tion: Decolorize in a mixture of alcohol, 2 
 volumes, and acetone, 1 volume. 3. Rib- 
 bert's modification: Decolorize in alcohol con- 
 taining 10% of' acetic acid. 4. Weigert's 
 modification: The sections, stained with gen- 
 tian-violet or methyl-violet, are not transferred 
 to alcohol from the iodin solution, but are laid 
 upon slides and covered with anilin oil. This 
 is removed with blotting-paper, and followed 
 by xylol and xylol-balsam. The anilin oil 
 dehydrates and differentiates. Grenadier's 
 Alcoholic Borax-carmin, dissolve 4 Gm. 
 of borax in 100 Cc. of distilled water; add 3 
 Gm. of carmin, warm, and dilute with 100 Cc. 
 of 70% alcohol. Filter before using, and 
 transfer the tissue from the stain directly into 
 alcohol acidulated with from 4 to 6 drops of 
 hydrochloric acid, in which it should remain 
 until it acquires a bright, transparent appear- 
 ance. This solution is used for staining in 
 bulk and gives a splendid color. Gruber and 
 Durham's Method (for the agglutination of 
 typhus and cholera bacilli), place a drop of 
 immunization serum on a cover-glass, and be- 
 side it a drop of equal size of the culture, as 
 finely divided as possible. Mix and examine 
 on a slide with a ground cell. In doubtful t 
 cases put the preparation in the oven for from 
 15 to 30 minutes. Haffkine's Bouillon (for 
 the culture of the bacilli of bubonic plague), 1^ 
 chop 1 kilo of goat's flesh and heat it at a 
 pressure of 3 atmospheres for 6 hours in dilute 
 hydrochloric acid. Filter, neutralize, dilute 
 with water to 3 liters, and sterilize. Haffkine's 
 
STAIN 
 
 919 
 
 STAIN 
 
 Prophylactic, inoculate a flask containing 
 3 liters of 'Haffkine's bouillon with a pure 
 culture of pest bacilli; when the stalactite 
 growth develops, shake the flask until the 
 colony sinks to the bottom, and when the 
 growth reappears, shake again; when the 
 stalactite culture forms the third time, heat to 
 6o° C. (140 F.) for 3 hours. Decant the 
 clear fluid and preserve in hermetically sealed 
 tubes. Dose 16-32 min. (1-2 Cc.) injected 
 beneath the skin. Harris' Carboltoluidin, 
 dissolve 1 or 2 Gm. of toluidin-blue in a 
 saturated solution of phenol. Before staining 
 treat the sections with water; stain for from 
 5 minutes to 24 hours, wash, and differentiate 
 in glycerol-ether (Griibler) diluted 15 times 
 with water or in acidulated alcohol; after 
 from 5 to 15 minutes wash in alcohol. Eos in 
 in alcohol may be used as a counterstain. In 
 this case omit the differentiation and stain for 
 from § to 2 minutes and wash in alcohol. 
 Harris' Hematoxylin, dissolve 1 Gm. of 
 hematoxylin in 10 Cc. of alcohol and 
 add to 200 Cc. of a saturated aqueous 
 solution of alum; heat to boiling and add 
 0.5 Gm. of mercuric oxid; when the solu- 
 tion turns a dark purple, remove from the 
 flame and cool quickly. For use dilute to 
 the color of port-wine with aqueous so- 
 lution of alum. Haixg's Phloroglucin Fluid. 
 One of the most rapid decalcifying agents, 
 and without injurious action on the tissue- 
 elements, with the exception of blood. It 
 is prepared as follows: Warm slowly and 
 carefully 1 Gm. of phloroglucin in 10 Cc. of 
 pure nitric acid, and to the resulting ruby- 
 colored solution add 50 Cc. of distilled water. 
 If a larger quantity is desired, add nitric acid 
 and water to the foregoing proportion until 
 the volume measures 300 Cc, the limit of the 
 protective influence of the phloroglucin. Pre- 
 viously to being brought into this fluid the 
 tissues should be well fixed. Fetal bones and 
 those of lower vertebrates are decalcified in 
 half an hour. Older and harder bones re- 
 quire several hours. When decalcification 
 is completed, wash in running water for two 
 days. The sections stain well. Another 
 formula, useful for teeth when rapid action is 
 necessary, consists of phloroglucin, 1 Gm.; 
 nitric acid, 5 Cc; 95% alcohol, 70 Cc; dis- 
 tilled water, 30 Cc. The function of the 
 phloroglucin is to protect the organic tissue- 
 elements against the action of the acid. Hei- 
 denhain's Fluid, saturate hot 0.5 % sodium 
 chlorid solution with mercuric chlorid. Hel- 
 ler's Method. 1. For the osmication of 
 medullated nerve-fibers: Harden the tissue in 
 Muller 's fluid. Stain the sections in 1 % os- 
 mic acid — in the oven for 10 minutes, at room- 
 temperature for a half-hour; wash in water; 
 reduce in 5 % pyrogallic acid for a half-hour, 
 oxidize in 2.5% potassium permanganate for 
 from 3 to 5 minutes, decolorize in 2 % ox- 
 alic acid for from 3 to 5 minutes. 2. For 
 mounting objects for sectioning: Pin a piece 
 of paper about the cork or block so that it 
 
 projects and forms a trough into which the 
 celloidin can be poured around the object. 
 Harden in the vapor of alcohol by sus- 
 pension in a closed cylinder containing a 
 few centimeters of alcohol. Hemosiderin, 
 amorphous yellow to black-brown iron-con- 
 taining fragments occurring in thrombi or 
 hemorrhagic infarcts. In sections of ma- 
 terial hardened in alcohol or formalin, treated 
 for a few minutes with a 2 % aqueous solution 
 of potassium ferrocyanid and examined in 
 glycerol containing 0.5 % of hydrochloric acid, 
 the pigment appears in the form of dark-blue 
 granules. Hermann's Fluid, a modifica- 
 tion of Flemming's fluid. Platinum chlorid 
 is used instead of chromium trioxid; in other 
 respects the formulas are alike. His' Med- 
 ium {for the differential culture of the typhoid 
 bacillus). 1. The tube culture -medium: trit- 
 urate 5 Gm. of agar, 80 Gm. of gelatin, 5 
 Gm. of beef-extract, and 5 Gm. of salt; add 
 a liter of water and enough hydrochloric acid 
 or soda solution to produce a reaction of 1.5 % 
 of normal acid, using phenolphthalein as the 
 indicator. Clear with 1 or 2 eggs beaten in 
 25 Cc. of water; add 10 Gm. of glucose, boil 
 for 25 minutes, and filter through absorbent 
 cotton. 2. For the plate-culture use 10 Gm. 
 of agar, 25 Gm. of gelatin, 5 Gm. each of beef- 
 extract and salt, and 10 Gm. of glucose. The 
 medium must contain not less than 2 % of nor- 
 mal acid. The typhoid bacillus alone has the 
 power of clouding these mediums. Hof- 
 bauer's Method (for staining the iodinophil 
 granules of leukocytes), dry the film and 
 stain 1 minute in a solution of iodin, 1 part, 
 potassium iodid, 3 parts, and water, 100 parts, 
 brought to a syrupy consistence by the ad- 
 dition of gum-arabic. Remove the excess of 
 the stain with filter-paper to prevent diffuse 
 coloring. Iodin -alcohol, alcohol, 90 %, to 
 which enough tincture of iodin is added to 
 impart the color of port- wine. See also 
 Zenker 's fluid in this table. Iron Hematoxy- 
 lin, sections are treated with a weak aqueous 
 solution of ferric acetate, washed in water, and 
 stained in 0.5 % aqueous solution of hema- 
 toxylin. A blue-black or black-brown stain 
 is obtained. This process is recommended 
 by Biitschli for staining sections of protozoa 
 1 jx thick. Another method is as follows: 
 Treat sections for from | hour to 2 or 3 hours 
 with a 1.5 to 4 % solution of ferric ammonium 
 sulfate; wash in water, and stain for from 1 
 to 12 hours in an aqueous solution of hem- 
 atoxylin, about 0.5 %. Rinse with water and 
 treat again with the iron solution. As soon 
 as differentiation is complete, wash for 15 
 minutes in running water and mount. The 
 results vary according to the duration of the 
 treatment with the iron and hematoxylin 
 solutions; short baths give a blue preparation, 
 in which the nuclear structures are highly 
 differentiated; prolonged baths give * black 
 preparations, showing connective-tissue fibers 
 and red blood-corpuscles black, central 
 and polar bodies intensely black, cytoplasm 
 
STAIN 
 
 920 
 
 STAIN 
 
 sometimes colorless, sometimes gray, in which 
 case cell-plates and achromatic spindle-fibers 
 are stained. Microorganisms are sharply 
 stained. Tenner's Stain {for blood). Pre- 
 paration of the neutral stain: In an open 
 beaker mix equal parts of i . 2 or 1 . 2 5 % aqueous 
 solution of eosin (Griibler), 1% aqueous so- 
 lution of methylene-blue med. (Griibler). 
 Let stand for 24 hours. Filter. Dry the 
 precipitate obtained. Wash the precipitate 
 with distilled water and dry again. The stain- 
 ing solution: For use dissolve 0.5 Gm. of the 
 precipitate in 100 Cc. pure methyl-alcohol 
 (Merck "for analysis"). Jenner gives no 
 particular method of fixation. Staining: 
 Stain in the solution for 1 to 3 minutes, cover- 
 ing with a watch-crystal. Pour off stain 
 quickly and rinse in water until film is pink 
 (5 to 10 seconds). Staining reaction: Leu- 
 kocytes: nuclei, blue; granules, neutrophil, 
 red; granules, basophil, dark violet; granules, 
 eosinophil, brilliant crimson; malarial para- 
 sites, bacteria, and filaria, blue. Karyokine- 
 sis. Place small pieces of tissue hardened in 
 strong Flemming's solution in an alcoholic 
 solution of safranin (2 Gm. to 60 Cc.) for 
 from 24 to 48 hours. Wash for a few minutes 
 in water, and carry to acidulated absolute 
 alcohol (10 drops of acetic acid to 100 Cc.) for 
 from I to 1 minute. When thick clouds of 
 color are no longer given off, carry to ab- 
 solute alcohol. After 1 or 2 minutes clear 
 and mount. Leishman's Stain {for blood). 
 Preparation of the neutral stain. Solution 
 A: The solution of polychrome methylene- 
 blue. A 1 % aqueous solution of methylene- 
 blue med. (Griibler) is made alkaline with 
 0.5% Na 2 C0 3 . This is heated for 12 hours 
 at 65 ° C, and then allowed to stand for 10 days 
 before use. Solution B: A 0.1% aqueous 
 solution of eosin (extra BA Griibler). Equal 
 parts of solutions A and B are mixed in an 
 open vessel and allowed to stand for 5 or 6 
 hours, with occasional stirring. The precipi- 
 tate formed is collected on a filter, washed 
 with water, dried, and powdered. The stain- 
 ing solution: Dissolve 0.1 Gm. of the dry 
 precipitate in 100 Cc. pure methyl-alcohol 
 (Merck "for analysis"). To stain: Four 
 drops of the solution are poured on the blood- 
 film, and allowed to stain for | minute. With- 
 out pouring off the stain, 6 to 8 drops of dis- 
 tilled water are added and the mixture is al- 
 lowed to stain for 5 minutes. Wash gently. 
 Put a few drops of water on the blood-film for 
 1 minute. Then dry and mount. Staining 
 reactions : Red blood-corpuscles stain pale 
 pink or greenish; lymphocytes: nuclei, dark 
 ruby red; protoplasm, pale blue; mononu- 
 clears : nuclei, ruby red; protoplasm, pale blue; 
 polymorphonuclear neutrophils: nuclei, ruby 
 red; granules, red; "coarse-grained eosino- 
 phils": nuclei, ruby red; granules, pale pink; 
 basophils: nuclei, red; granules, purplish 
 black; blood-platelets stain deep ruby red; 
 malarial parasites : nuclei, chromatin portion, 
 ruby red; cytoplasm, blue. Lithia-water. 
 
 Saturated aqueous solution of lithium car- 
 bonate 1 Cc, and distilled water 30 Cc, used 
 as an intermediate agent in staining micro- 
 organisms. Living Cells. Young larvas of 
 Amphibia are the best objects for the study of 
 cells intra vitam. Place the larvas of Sala- 
 mandra in a watch-glassful of water contain- 
 ing 5 to 10 drops of a solution of 1 part curara 
 in 100 parts each of water and glycerol. 
 From I to 1 hour's immersion is required for 
 curarization. It is not necessary to wait un- 
 til the larvas are motionless : they may be re- 
 moved as soon as their movements have be- 
 come slow. The gills and the caudal fin may 
 then be studied. The tail may be excised 
 from the living animal and studied for some 
 time in 1 % salt solution or other indifferent 
 medium. The adult animal offers for study 
 the thin, transparent bladder. Larvas may 
 be bred from adults, if well fed with aquatic 
 worms, and supplied with a vessel of water. 
 The larvas will be deposited in the water. 
 The cytoplasm of living cells may be stained 
 with methylene-blue, dahlia, or gentian- 
 violet dissolved in water or in an indifferent - 
 liquid. Loeb's Method {for producing ar- 
 tificial parthenogenesis). Place the unferti- 
 lized eggs of sea-urchins in sea-water con- 
 taining magnesium chlorid in the proportion 
 of 5000 (^n MgCl) to 5000 Cc. of water. 
 After 2 hours restore them to normal sea- 
 water. The eggs form normal gastrulas and 
 plutei. Loeffler's Methylene-blue. Add 
 30 Cc of a concentrated alcoholic methylene- 
 blue solution to 100 Cc. of a solution of caustic 
 potash (0.01:100). Filter before using. 
 Loeffler's Stain {for flagella). Mix 10 Cc of 
 20 % solution of tannin, 5 Cc. of saturated so- 
 lution of ferrous sulfate, and 1 Cc. of aqueous 
 or alcoholic solution of fuchsin, methyl-violet, 
 or "Wollschwarz." For typhoid bacilli add 
 1 Cc of 1 % solution of soda; for Bacillus 
 subtilis add 30 drops; for bacilli of malig- 
 nant edema, 36 drops; for cholera bacilli 
 add 1 drop of sulfuric acid to the soda 
 solution; for- Spirillum rubrum, drops. 
 McCrorie's Method {for flagella). Stain 
 the cover-glass preparation in warmed mix- 
 ture of equal parts of a saturated solution 
 of night blue, a 10% solution of tannin, 
 and a 10% solution of alum. Mallory's 
 Method. 1. For neuroglia: Fix for 4 days 
 in 10% formalin, then for 4 days in a 
 saturated solution of picric acid; after this 
 mordant for 4 days in 5 % solution of am- 
 monium bichromate at 37 C. Stain the sec- 
 tions for 2 minutes in 1 % aqueous solution 
 of acid fuchsin, rinse, and treat for 2 minutes 
 with 1 % aqueous solution of phosphomolybdic 
 acid; wash in two changes of water and stain 
 for 2 minutes in a mixture of water-soluble 
 anilin blue, 0.5 Gm.; orange G, 2 Gm.; oxalic 
 acid, 2 Gm.; and water, 100 Cc; wash in 
 water and dehydrate in alochol. Result : con- 
 nective tissue, blue; neuroglia, deep red; 
 ganglion-cells and axis-cylinders, light red. 
 2. For neuroglia: Fix the tissues after the 
 
STAIN 
 
 921 
 
 STAIN 
 
 method given in No. i, and treat the sections 
 for 15 minutes with a 0.5 aqueous solution of 
 potassium permanganate, and after washing 
 for the same time with 1 % solution of oxalic 
 acid, wash, and stain in hematoxylin pre- 
 pared by dissolving 0.1 Gm. of the dye in a 
 little hot water, and when cool adding water 
 up to 80 Cc, 20 Cc. of 10% aqueous solution 
 of phosphotungstic acid, and last 0.2% of 
 hydrogen dioxid. Wash in water, dehydrate 
 in alcohol, clear in oil of origanum, and mount 
 in balsam. Nuclei, neuroglia, and fibrin blue ; 
 axis-cylinders and ganglion-cells pale pink; 
 connective tissue deep pink. 3. For con- 
 nective tissue: Fix in Zenker's fluid or sub- 
 limate and stain the sections for 2 minutes in 
 0.1% aqueous solution of acid fuchsin. For 
 further treatment see No. 1. Result: fibrous 
 tissue, mucus % amyloid and hyaline sub- 
 stances, blue; nuclei, cytoplasm, elastin, 
 fibrin, neuroglia, and axis-cylinders, red; 
 erythrocytes and myelin sheaths, yellow. 
 4. For nuclei and fibrin: Stain sections of tis- 
 sue fixed in any medium except formaldehyd 
 for 3 minutes in 10% aqueous solution of 
 ferric chlorid; drain and dry and stain for 3 
 minutes in a 1 % aqueous solution of hema- 
 toxylin; wash and differentiate in a 0.25% 
 solution of ferric chlorid. Result: nuclei, 
 dark blue; fibrin, gray to dark blue. In sub- 
 limate preparations the erythrocytes are green- 
 ish gray; connective tissue, pale yellow. 5. 
 For staining Amcebce coli in tissues: Use al- 
 cohol material and treat the sections for from 
 5 to 20 minutes with saturated aqueous solu- 
 tion of thionin; wash, and differentiate for 
 from 30 to 60 seconds in 2 % aqueous solution 
 of oxalic acid; wash, dehydrate, clear, and 
 mount in the usual way. Mallory's Phos- 
 phomolybdic-acid Hematoxylin. Mix 10 % 
 solution of phosphomolybdic acid, 1 part; 
 hematoxylin, 1 part; water, 100 parts; chloral, 
 from 6 to 10 parts. Expose to sunlight for a 
 week. Filter before using and save the used 
 portions. Stain sections for from 10 minutes 
 to an hour; wash in 40 to 50 % alcohol, chang- 
 ing it 2 or 3 times. Dehydrate and mount. 
 If the solution does not stain readily, add a 
 little hematoxylin. The stain is blue, and in 
 its general effect similar to nigrosin. It is 
 recommended for preparations of the central 
 nervous system. Mallory-Wright Method 
 ([or staining tubercle bacilli). Stain lightly in 
 alum -hematoxylin, then for 2 or 3 minutes in 
 steaming hot carbolfuchsin; decolorize for 30 
 seconds in acid alcohol. Marchi's Method. 
 Used to demonstrate early degeneration of 
 nerves, prior to sclerosis. After hardening 
 in Miiller's fluid place the tissue in a large 
 quantity of a mixture of Miiller's fluid, 2 
 parts; 1% osmic acid, 1 part. The degen- 
 erated fibers are stained black; the normal 
 are yellow or uncolored. Mayer's Carm- 
 alum. Take 1 Gm. of carminic acid, 10 
 Gm. of alum, and 200 Cc. of distilled water; 
 heat the mixture and filter, adding an anti- 
 septic to keep it clear. The fluid is light red 
 
 in color, shading toward violet, and is said to 
 have good penetrating powers, even in osmium 
 preparations, and to be better than alum-car- 
 min for staining in toto. Mayer's Carm- 
 alum and Indigo -carmin. Dissolve 0.1 
 Gm. of indigo-carmin in 50 Cc. of distilled 
 water or of 5 % alum solution; add 1 volume 
 of indigo-carmin solution to 4 volumes of carm- 
 alum. Mayer's Hemalum. An excellent 
 stain for large objects. It consists of two 
 solutions — one of hematein, or ammonium 
 hematein, 1 Gm., dissolved by the aid of 
 heat in 50 Cc. of 90% alcohol; the other of 
 alum 50 Gm. and distilled water 1 liter. The 
 solutions are mixed, left to cool, and then 
 filtered. A crystal of thymol may be added to 
 prevent the formation of mold. For most 
 purposes it is advisable to dilute this stain 
 with water or alum solution. Hemalum plus 
 2 % glacial acetic acid gives a more precise 
 nuclear stain. Mayer's Hemalum and In- 
 digo-carmin. Add 1 volume of a 0.05 % 
 aqueous solution of indigo-carmin to 4 vol- 
 umes of hemalum. Mayer's Paracarmin. 
 Dissolve carminic acid, 1 Gm., aluminium 
 chlorid, 0.5 Gm., calcium chlorid, 4 Gm., in 
 100 Cc. of 70 % alcohol, with or without heat. 
 Filter, after precipitation, and the solution 
 will have a clear red color. Suitable for stain- 
 ing bulky objects with large cavities, such as 
 Salpa. Methylene -blue. An important re- 
 agent, which gives a specific stain for lymph- 
 spaces and intercellular cement, closely re- 
 sembling gold and silver impregnation, for 
 medullated nerves, and for plasma-cells. It 
 also stains intra vitam, and is a specific re- 
 agent for the axis-cylinders of sensory nerves 
 in living animals (Ehrlich). Small and per- 
 meable aquatic organisms may be stained 
 during life by adding to the water containing 
 them enough of the dye to give it a very pale 
 tint. Nerve-tissue may be stained by in- 
 jecting the dye into the vascular system of a 
 living, narcotized animal, or by removing the 
 organ and immersing it in the solution. From 
 0.5 to 1% solutions in physiologic salt solu- 
 tion are employed for this purpose. The color 
 is not permanent, but may be fixed by ammon- 
 ium picrate. Parker fixes the color by dehy- 
 drating in a solution of mercury bichlorid, 
 1 Gm., in methylol 5 Cc. ; washing in a mixture 
 of 2 parts of the methylol and sublimate solu- 
 tion, 1 part pure methylol, 3 parts xylol. The 
 object is then placed in xylol for 4 or 5 days, 
 when it is ready to mount or embed. Mayer's 
 albumin should not be used to fix sections to 
 the slide, as it discharges the color. A solu- 
 tion of 0.25 Gm. in 90% alcohol, 20 Cc, and 
 distilled water, 80 Cc, is used for tissue-stain- 
 ing. A 1% and a saturated alcoholic (15 
 Gm. to 100 Cc.) solution are used for stain- 
 ing microorganisms. Methyl-green. This 
 is chiefly used as a nuclear stain for fresh or 
 recently fixed tissues; it is also a reagent for 
 amyloid degeneration (Heschl), giving a vio- 
 let color. Use 0.5 Gm. of methyl-green in 20 
 Cc. of 90 % alcohol, 80 Cc. of distilled water, 
 
STAIN 
 
 922 
 
 STAIN 
 
 and i Cc. of acetic acid. Stain the tissue for 
 5 minutes, wash in acidulated water, dif- 
 ferentiate in 90% alcohol, and dehydrate. 
 The nuclein reaction depends on the presence 
 of acetic acid. Arnold recommends a dilute 
 solution of methyl-green containing 0.6% 
 sodium chlorid for staining cells and nuclei. 
 Bizzozero has observed that the elements of 
 blood and pus, also ciliated epithelium and 
 spermatozoa, do not stain with methyl-green 
 if the cells are highly alkaline : if the alkalin- 
 ity is diminished, they are dyed violet; if the 
 cells are acid, they are colored green. Carnoy 
 regards methyl-green as the best stain for 
 nucleoli. Methyl-violet. A good chro- 
 matin stain. Dissolve 0.5 Gm. in 200 Cc. of 
 distilled water and 5 Cc. of glacial acetic acid. 
 Stain sections for 20 minutes, wash in distilled 
 water, and then in equal parts of glycerol and 
 water. Mount in Farrant's medium. This 
 is also a reagent for tissues undergoing amy- 
 loid degeneration. The amyloid substance 
 stains pink. 1. {Alcoholic.) Methyl-violet, 
 25 Gm.; absolute alcohol, 100 Cc. 2. {Aque- 
 ous.) Methyl-violet, 1 Gm.; alcohol, 20 Cc. ; 
 distilled water, 80 Cc. Muchematein. A 
 specific stain for mucin. 1 . Pulverize 0.2 Gm. 
 of hematin with a few drops of glycerol and 
 then add 0.1 Gm. of aluminium chlorid, 40 Cc. 
 of glycerol, and 60 Cc. of water. 2. Dis- 
 solve 0.2 Gm. of hematin and 0.1 Gm. of 
 aluminium chlorid in 100 Cc. of 70 % alcohol. 
 Two drops of nitric acid may be added. Muci- 
 carmin. A specific stain for mucin. Rub 
 1 Gm. of carmin in a mortar with 0.5 Gm. of 
 aluminium chlorid and 2 Cc. of distilled water; 
 heat for 2 minutes, until the light-red color 
 changes to dark; stir and add a little 50 % alco- 
 hol; when dissolved, make up to 100 Cc. with 
 50% alcohol, and after 24 hours filter. For 
 use dilute tenfold with water or with 50 % alco- 
 hol. Miiller's Berlin Blue. Precipitate a 
 strong solution of Berlin blue with 90 % alco- 
 hol. The fluid is neutral and the precipitate 
 finely divided. Mulleins Fluid. This agent 
 is very extensively used, as it penetrates well 
 and hardens evenly. It has the following 
 composition : potassium dichromate, 2.5 parts; 
 sodium sulfate, 1 part; water, 100 parts. The 
 addition of a little camphor, chloral, thymol, 
 or naphthalene will prevent the formation of 
 mold. The time required for hardening de- 
 pends on the size of the object. This fluid di- 
 luted to 0.2% is used as a macerating agent. 
 Nissl's Method {for ganglion-cells). 1. 
 Stain sections of tissue hardened in 10% for- 
 malin or in graded alcohols in hot concen- 
 trated aqueous fuchsin solution. 2. Stain in 
 hot 0.5 % methylene-blue ; when cool, transfer 
 to a mixture of anilin (20 parts) and 90 % alco- 
 hol (200 parts) ; then treat with origanum oil, 
 then with benzin, and mount in solution of 
 colophonium in benzin. 3. Mount the hard- 
 ened tissue on cork (without embedding), cut 
 sections and stain them in hot Nissl's methy- 
 lene-blue ; treat with the anilin-alcohol mixture, 
 then with cajeput oil, then as in 2. Nissl's 
 
 Methylene-blue. Methylene-blue (B pat- 
 ent), 3.75 parts; Venice soap, 1.75 parts; dis- 
 tilled water, 1000 parts. Nitric Acid. An ef- 
 ficacious agent, which causes no swelling and 
 does not attack the tissue-elements. It is used 
 in 1 and in 10 % solution, the latter for large, 
 hard bones, the former for young bones. The 
 specimens should previously have been fixed 
 in absolute alcohol, and the decalcifying fluid 
 changed daily. They must be removed as 
 soon as decalcification is complete or they will 
 become discolored. They are then washed in 
 running water for two hours and preserved in 
 alcohol, which should be renewed in a few 
 days. Nocht's Stain {for blood). Original 
 method : Unna's polychrome methylene-blue 
 is neutralized with dilute acetic acid. Solution 
 A : 1 Cc. of this neutralized polychrome methy- 
 lene-blue is mixed in a watch-crystal with a 
 saturated aqueous solution of ordinary methy- 
 lene-blue until its red color disappears and the 
 solution becomes blue. Solution B : Dilute 3 
 or 4 drops of 1 % aqueous solution of eosin 
 with 1 or 2 Cc. water. Add solution A drop 
 by drop to solution B until B is dark blue; a 
 precipitate has then been formed. In this 
 mixture blood-films are to be stained for sev- 
 eral hours up to 24 hours. Fix films in alco- 
 hol or by heat. Subsequent modification: 
 Solution A: The polychrome methylene- 
 blue solution. To a 1 % aqueous solution of 
 methylene-blue add 1 or 0.5 % Na 2 C0 3 . Heat 
 at 50 C. to 6o° C. (i22°-i4o° F.) for several 
 days. Solution B: Dilute 2 or 3 drops of 
 1 % aqueous solution of eosin with 1 or 2 Cc. 
 water. To solution B add solution A drop 
 by drop until the mixture is dark blue and has 
 lots its eosin tint. To stain, float blood-films 
 face down on this mixture for from 5 to 10 
 minutes. Normal Salt Solution. Sodium 
 chlorid, 6-7.5 Gm.; distilled water, 1000 Cc. 
 Used in the study of living structures. Paraf- 
 fin Infiltration and Embedding. The 
 initial step in this process consists in the in- 
 filtration of the object with a clearing agent; 
 that is, by some substance which is a solvent 
 of paraffin. It is then immersed in melted 
 paraffin until it is thoroughly saturated. The 
 paraffin should be kept just at the melting- 
 point and should be renewed if the object is 
 large. The duration of the bath depends on 
 the size of the object. When this second step 
 in the process is completed, embed in paraffin, 
 as in simple embedding. To prevent crystal- 
 lization of the paraffin the embedded object 
 should be quickly cooled, which may be done 
 by floating it in the containing receptacle on 
 cold water. Phenol and Xylol. A mixture 
 of 1 part of phenol and 3 parts of xylol is used 
 to clarify celloidin sections, which may be 
 taken from 70 % alcohol, and do not require 
 further dehydration. A layer of previously 
 heated copper sulfate in the bottom of the 
 bottle will keep the mixture free from water. 
 Pianese Double Stain. Prepare a sat- 
 urated solution of nigrosin in a saturated 
 alcoholic solution of picric acid; mix 2 
 
STAIN 
 
 923 
 
 STAIN 
 
 volumes of this with i volume of anilin 
 water and evaporate in open air. The crys- 
 tals deposited are dissolved in absolute alco- 
 hol, and from this solution green crystals are 
 obtained soluble in alcohol, ether, and water. 
 For tissues, make a 2% solution in alcohol; 
 for microorganisms, in water. Stain sec- 
 tions first in lithium-carmin, treat with acid 
 alcohol, wash, and immerse in an alcoholic so- 
 lution of picronigrosin until they assume a 
 brown hue. Decolorize in oxalic acid. 
 Nuclei are stained red; plasma, dark -yellow; 
 cartilage, yellow; connective tissue, pale 
 green; elastic fibers, violet. Picric Acid. 
 A fixing agent of great penetration, and, there- 
 fore, especially suitable for the preparation of 
 chitinous structures. A saturated solution is 
 employed. The time required for fixation 
 varies from a minute to a day, and depends on 
 the size of the object. Wash out in alcohol 
 and stain in alcoholic solutions. Picric Al- 
 cohol. A saturated solution of picric acid 
 in 50% alcohol. Picronigrosin. A solu- 
 tion of 1 Gm. of picric acid in 100 Cc. of dis- 
 tilled water with the addition of 1 Gm. of 
 nigrosin. ■ Plehn's Method. 1. For the 
 study of the living malarial parasite: Place a 
 drop of fluid paraffin on a slide and a drop on 
 a cover-glass; take up the drop of blood on 
 the latter and so place it on the slide that the 
 blood is between the drops of paraffin. Ex- 
 amine on a warm stage. The addition of a 
 drop of methylene-blue will stain the living 
 organisms. 2. For malarial films fixed in 
 absolute alcohol: Stain for 5 minutes in a 
 mixture of concentrated aqueous solution of 
 methylene-blue, 60 Cc, 0.5% solution of 
 eosin in 75 % alcohol, 20 Cc, distilled water, 
 20 Cc, and 20% potash lye, 12 drops. Poly- 
 chrome Methylene-blue. A reddish-violet 
 dye sometimes present as an impurity in com- 
 mercial methylene-blue, or that develops in 
 old, ripened, or alkaline solutions of methy- 
 lene-blue. It is used for staining cell-granules. 
 'See Unna's Method. Potassium Perman- 
 ganate (Du Pleiss). Useful for the study of 
 isolated and very contractile cells, as sper- 
 matozoa. It is said to kill more rapidly than 
 any other agent, 2 % osmic acid not excepted. 
 A saturated aqueous solution is used. It is 
 also used for washing out overstaining with 
 carmin, and in 1 % solution as a mordant for 
 anilin dyes (Henneguy) and for reducing sil- 
 ver impregnations. Rosenberger's Method. 
 
 1. For staining blood: Fix the films by heat 
 or in absolute alcohol or alcohol and ether and 
 stain in a mixture of 10 Cc. of a saturated 
 aqueous solution of methylene-blue, 4 Cc. of a 
 saturated aqueous solution of phloxin, 6 Cc. 
 of 95 % alcohol, and 12 Cc of distilled water. 
 
 2. For staining the tubercle bacillus: The es- 
 sential point in this process is the use of sweet 
 spirit of niter for bleaching; it is also mixed 
 with alcoholic solutions of methylene-blue, 
 malachite green, Bismarck brown, and gen- 
 tian-violet. Safranin. Pfitzner's formula: 
 Safranin (Griibler's), 1 part; absolute alco- 
 
 hol, 100 parts; water, 200 parts. Flemming 
 uses a concentrated alcoholic solution diluted 
 one-half with water. Babes' formula: (a) 
 Equal parts of a concentrated alcoholic and a 
 concentrated aqueous solution; (b) water, 
 100 parts; anilin oil, 2 parts; safranin, in 
 excess. The latter may be used according to 
 the method of Gram, and is recommended 
 for the demonstration of mitotic figures. 
 Scheele's Green Mass. (a) Mix 80 Cc. 
 of a saturated solution of potassium arseniate 
 and 50 Cc. of glycerol, (b) Take 40 Cc. of a 
 saturated solution of copper sulfate and 50 
 Cc. of glycerol. Combine the two solutions 
 with three volumes of the vehicle. Sub- 
 stantive Staining. A histologic stain ob- 
 tained by direct absorption of the pigment 
 from the solution in which the tissue is im- 
 mersed. Dyes that combine directly with the 
 substance acted on are called substantive 
 dyes. Subtractive Staining. A socalled 
 theory of Heidenhain's, based on the hypothe- 
 sis that a general stain satisfies the affinities of 
 some cell-structures, that hold it in subsequent 
 treatment with specific dyes, while the other 
 structures give up the general stain and then 
 take the specific stain. Sudan III. A selec- 
 tive stain for fat. Prepare a saturated solu- 
 tion in 95 % alcohol, dilute two-thirds with 50 % 
 alcohol, and filter. Stain sections for from 5 
 to 10 minutes, wash for about the same time 
 in 60 or 70 % alcohol, and mount in glycerol. 
 Small oil-drops yellow, large ones orange. 
 For staining the fat-granules in the elements 
 of tissues undergoing fatty degeneration use 
 the undiluted stain. The tissue may be fixed 
 in Midler's fluid or cut fresh on the freezing 
 microtome. Thionin. The uses and tech- 
 nic are the same as for methylene-blue. A 
 saturated solution in 50 % alcohol diluted with 
 5 volumes of water is used for staining. 
 Thoma's Method (for the numeration of 
 leukocytes). Dilute the blood in the propor- 
 tion of 1 : 10 with water containing 0.3 % anhy- 
 drous acetic acid. This dissolves the colored 
 blood-cells. Unna's Hematoxylin. A con- 
 stant half-ripe stock solution. Hematoxylin, 
 1 Gm.; alum, 10 Gm.; alcohol, 100 Cc; 
 water, 200 Cc. ; sublimed sulfur, 2 Cc. If the 
 sulfur is added 2 or 3 days after preparing the 
 hematoxylin solution, it will arrest oxidation 
 and the stain will be ready for use at this stage. 
 The oxidation of alum-hematoxylin solutions 
 can be instantaneously accomplished by adding 
 a little neutralized hydrogen dioxid. Unna's 
 Method. For collagen: 1. Stain sections 
 of alcohol material for 5 minutes in strong so- 
 lution of polychrome methylene-blue, then for 
 15 minutes in neutral 1 % solution of orcein 
 in absolute alcohol; wash in alcohol; berga- 
 mot; balsam. Collagen, dark red; nuclei, 
 blue; granules of mast-cells, carmin red; 
 cytoplasm of plasma-cells, blue. 2. Stain 
 sections for 20 seconds in 1 % solution of 
 water-blue (Wasserblau) ; wash and stain for 
 5 minutes in neutral aqueous 1 % solution of 
 safranin; wash in water and then treat with 
 
STAIN 
 
 924 
 
 STAIN 
 
 absolute alcohol until the blue color reappears; 
 collagen, sky-blue; nuclei, red; cytoplasm, 
 violet. 3. For collagen, elastin, and smooth 
 muscle: Stain with hot orcein for 10 minutes, 
 wash in dilute alcohol, stain with hematein for 
 10 minutes, and treat for a few seconds with 
 acid alcohol; wash, and place in a 2 % solution 
 of acid fuchsin for 5 minutes, in saturated 
 aqueous solution of picric acid for 2 minutes, 
 then in saturated alcoholic solution of picric 
 acid for 2 minutes; absolute alcohol; oil; 
 balsam. Elastin, brown-red; collagen, red; 
 muscle-fibers, yellow with gray-violet nuclei. 
 4. For elastin and smooth muscle: Stain as in 
 3, substituting polychrome methylene-blue 
 for hematein and 1 % potassium permanga- 
 nate for the acid alcohol. Elastin, brown-red; 
 collagen, decolored; muscle-fibers, violet. 5. 
 For smooth muscle: Stain sections for 10 
 minutes in polychrome methylene-blue ; wash, 
 and fix in 1 % red prussiate of potash ; dif- 
 ferentiate in acid alcohol for 10 minutes; ab- 
 solute alcohol; oil; balsam. The collagen is 
 decolored. 6. For keratphyalin: Overstain 
 in hematoxylin, treat for 10 seconds with 0.5 % 
 solution of potassium permanganate, and 
 wash in alcohol; or place the stained sections 
 in 33 % solution of iron sulfate for 10 seconds, 
 or in 10% solution of iron chlorid. 7. For 
 epithelia: Stain sections for 10 minutes in 
 neutral aqueous 1 % solution of water blue ; 
 wash, and stain for 10 minutes in 1 % solution 
 of orcein. Or overstain sections of alcohol 
 material in polychrome methylene-blue and 
 differentiate in Unna's glycerol-ether mixture 
 (Griibler) ; or in a mixture of alcohol, 10 parts ; 
 xylol, 15 parts; anilin, 25 parts; and transfer 
 to xylol; or in a mixture of xylol, 30 parts; 
 alcohol, 20 parts; then transfer to xylol and 
 then to anilin containing alum to saturation 
 (agitated and filtered before using). 8. For 
 plasma-cells and mast-cells. Apply the methods 
 for epithelia. (For the demonstration of 
 bacteria in epithelia see the methods for stain- 
 ing microorganisms.) 9. For overcoming the 
 decoloration of bacteria in the process of dehy- 
 drating in alcohol: Transfer the section from 
 the decolorizing fluid to the slide, remove as 
 much as possible of the water by means of 
 filter-paper, and then heat the slide over flame 
 until the section is dry; when cold, mount in 
 balsam. Waldeyer's Method (for the fixing 
 and decalcification of bone). Fix the fresh ob- 
 ject in chromium trioxid (1:600); decalcify in 
 a mixture of chromium trioxid (1:200) 100 
 Cc. and nitric arid 2 Cc. Wash thoroughly 
 and harden in alcohol. Weigert's Dif- 
 ferentiating Fluid. Borax, 2 Gm.; potas- 
 sium ferricyanid, 2.5 Gm.; distilled water, 
 200 Cc. Used after hematoxylin. Weigert's 
 Method. 1. For fibrin: Make celloidin sec- 
 tions and stain one minute in Weigert's fibrin 
 stain (5% solution of gentian-violet, 4.4 Cc; 
 96% alcohol, 6 Cc; anilin oil, 1 Cc). Dry 
 with unsized printing paper and add a drop of 
 Gram's solution saturated with iodin. Most 
 of the stained parts are decolorized. Re- 
 
 move the iodin with printing paper; clear in 
 equal parts of anilin oil and xylol, renewing it 
 until all the water is removed. The water 
 gives the section a white appearance. Dry 
 with filter-paper, wash well with xylol, and 
 mount in xylol balsam. 2. For neuroglia: 
 Fix for 8 days in the following mixture: dis- 
 solve 2.5 Gm. chrome alum in 100 Cc. water, 
 by heat, and while hot add 5 parts each of 
 acetic acid and pulverized copper acetate, 
 when cold, 10 parts of formalin. Embed in 
 celloidin. Treat the sections for 10 minutes 
 with 0.3% solution of potassium permanga- 
 nate, wash in water, and reduce in the follow- 
 ing : 5 parts each of chromogen and formic acid 
 in 100 parts of water, to which, after filtering, 
 add 10 parts of a 10 % solution of sodium sul- 
 fite. After 3 hours transfer to 5 % chromogen 
 and after 24 hours stain in the following: 
 saturate hot 75 % alcohol with methyl-violet, 
 decant when cold, and to each 100 Cc. add 
 5 Cc. of 5 % aqueous solution of oxalic acid; 
 differentiate in a saturated solution of iodin 
 in 5 % solution of potassium iodid ; decolorize 
 in a mixture of equal volumes of anilin and 
 xylol, wash in xylol, and mount in balsam. 3. 
 Without decolorizing: Tissues hardened in 
 Miiller's fluid and alcohol are embedded in 
 celloidin, and then put into a mixture of equal 
 parts of a 10 % solution of sodium-potassium 
 tartrate and a cold saturated solution of copper 
 acetate, which is kept at from 38 to 40 C. 
 (86°-io4° F.). They are next placed in a 
 half-saturated solution of copper acetate at 
 the same temperature for 48 hours. The 
 blocks, rinsed in water, may be kept in 80% 
 alcohol and cut at any time. The staining 
 fluid is composed of 1 part of an alcoholic hem- 
 atoxylin solution (1 : 10) and 9 parts of a sat- 
 urated solution of lithium carbonate; this 
 fluid is to be freshly made. Stain for from 4 
 to 1 2 hours ; wash, dehydrate in 90 % alcohol, 
 and clear in anilin xylol (2:1), then in pure 
 xylol, and mount in xylol balsam. The ad- 
 vantage of the method is the clearness with 
 which the fine medullated fibers are distin- 
 guished from the cells and other parts, and it 
 is less tedious than the old method. Wright's 
 Stain (for blood). Preparation of the neutral 
 stain. Solution A : Make a o . 5 % aqueous so- 
 lution of the NaHC0 3 , being careful to bring 
 all the salt into solution before going on to the 
 next step. Then add 1 % of methylene-blue 
 (Griibler's methylene-blue, "Bx," "Koch," 
 or "Ehrlich's rectified"). Steam this in an 
 Arnold sterilizer for 1 hour after steam is up. 
 Cool. Solution B: 0.1% aqueous solution of 
 eosin (Griibler, "yellowish, soluble in water"). 
 Add solution B to solution A until the mixture 
 becomes purple, a metallic scum forms on the 
 surface, and a finely granular black precipitate 
 appears in suspension. (About 500 Cc. of 
 solution B to 100 Cc. of solution A.) Filter 
 off the precipitate. Do not wash it. Dry. 
 Preparation of the staining solution. Make a 
 saturated solution of the precipitate in pure 
 methyl-alcohol (0.3 Gm. in 100 Cc methyl- 
 
STAIN 
 
 925 
 
 STAPHYLOANGINA 
 
 alcohol). Filter, and add an additional 25 % of 
 the original volume of methyl-alcohol used. 
 This prevents precipitation of the stain on 
 the film. Cover the film with the stain for 1 
 minute. Without pouring off the stain add 
 water drop by drop until the mixture is trans- 
 lucent at the edges and a yellowish metallic 
 scum forms on the surface. Stain in this di- 
 luted stain for 2 to 3 minutes. Wash in dis- 
 
 . tilled water until the film becomes pink. Dry 
 between filter-papers. Staining reactions: 
 Lymphocytes: nuclei, dark purplish-blue; 
 cytoplasm, robin's-egg blue; large mononu- 
 clears: nuclei, blue; cytoplasm, pale blue; 
 polymorphonuclear neutrophils: nuclei, blue; 
 granules, reddish -lilac; eosinophils: nuclei, 
 blue; granules, blue; mastzellen: nuclei, blue 
 to purplish; granules, dark blue or purple; 
 myelocytes: nuclei, dark blue or lilac; gran- 
 ules, dark or reddish-lilac; blood-platelets 
 stain blue or purplish; malarial parasites: 
 nuclei, chromatin portion, lilac-red to black; 
 cytoplasm, blue. Xylol. Used for paraffin 
 and celloidin sections. It causes shrinkage if 
 the sections are not thoroughly dehydrated. 
 Zenker's Fluid. Dissolve 25 Gm. potas- 
 sium dichromate, 10 Gm. sodium sulfate, and 
 50 Gm. mercuric chlorid in 1000 Cc. warm 
 distilled water. At the time of using add to 
 each 20 Cc. 1 Cc. of glacial acetic acid. Fix 
 the tissue for from 24 to 48 hours; wash for 
 24 hours in running water. Harden in the 
 dark in the ascending series of alcohols. For 
 the removal of the precipitate add to the 90 % 
 alcohol enough tincture of iodin to impart the 
 color of port-wine, and repeat the addition 
 daily until the color does not fade. Pre- 
 serve in 90 % alcohol. Ziehl-Neelsen Method. 
 Float the cover-glass preparation upon Ziehl's 
 carbolfuchsin; heat until vapor arises (about 
 3 to 5 minutes), wash in water, and decolorize 
 in 15 % nitric or 5 % sulfuric acid, then in 60 
 to 80% alcohol to remove the remnant of 
 color. Wash well, dry, and mount in balsam. 
 In the case of tissue-sections, stain cold for 
 15 minutes and decolorize as detailed; upon 
 removal from the alcohol' counterstain with 
 methylene-blue; wash, dehydrate, clear, and 
 mount. 
 
 Stalagmometer (stal-ag-mom 1 '-et-er) [orakaypLoc, 
 a dropping; fikzpov, a. measure]. An instru- 
 ment for measuring the number of drops in a 
 given volume of liquid. 
 
 Stalagmometry (stal-ag-mom' -et-re) [stalag- 
 mometer]. A method of diagnosis based upon 
 the determination of the relative degree of 
 surface tension or capillarity possessed by the 
 body -fluids. 
 
 Stammer (stam'-er) [AS., stamur, stammering]. 
 To speak interruptedly or with hesitation. 
 
 Stammering (stam'-er -in g). Interrupted or 
 hesitating speech. S. Bladder. See Blad- 
 der, Stammering. 
 
 Stamper (stamp' -er). A name for one affected 
 with locomotor ataxia, from the stamping gait 
 incident to it. 
 
 Standard (stan'-dard) [extendere, to spread out]. 
 
 Something used for comparison. S. Solu- 
 tion, a solution containing a definite quantity 
 of a reagent. 
 
 Stannate (stan'-at). A salt of stannic acid. 
 
 Stannic (stan'-ik) [stannum]. Containing tin 
 as a tetrad element. S. Acid, H 2 Sn0 3 . A 
 gelatinous white precipitate which, on drying, 
 forms a translucent vitreous mass. It is 
 dibasic. 
 
 Stanniferous, (stan-if -er-us) [stannum; ferre, to 
 bear]. Yielding or containing tin. 
 
 Stannite (stan'-it). Tin sulfid; bell-metal. 
 
 Stannius' Experiments. 1. Separation by a 
 ligature of the sinus venosus from the remain- 
 der of the frog's heart causes the latter to re- 
 main distended in diastole, while the former 
 continues its rhythmic pulsations. Mechanic 
 excitation of the auricle or ventricle produces 
 a single contraction, which is repeated only 
 when a new stimulus is applied. 2. If 
 a ligature is placed around the groove divid- 
 ing the auricles from the ventricle, there oc- 
 curs a rhythmic contraction of the ventricle, 
 while the auricles remain quiescent. 
 
 Stannous (stan'-us). Containing tin as a biva- 
 lent element. 
 
 Stannum (stan'-um) [L.]. Tin. See Tin. 
 
 Stapedectomy (sta -pe- dek r -to- me) [stapes; 
 iKTo/xrj, excision]. Excision of the stapes. 
 
 Stapedial (sta-pe'-de-al) [stapes]. 1. Shaped 
 like a stirrup. 2. Relating to the stapes. 
 
 Stapediovestibular (sta-pe-de-o-ves-tib' -u-lar) 
 [stapes; vestibulum, vestibule]. Relating to the 
 stapes and the vestibule. 
 
 Stapedius (sta-pe' -de-us) [stapes]. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Stapes (sta'-pez) [L., "a stirrup"]. The stirrup- 
 shaped bone of the middle ear, articulating 
 with the incus and the fenestra ovalis. 
 
 Staphisagria (staf-is-ag'-re-ah) [oxalic, a dried 
 grape; aypcoc, wild]. Stavesacre. The staph- 
 isagria of the U. S. P. is the ripe seed of 
 Delphinium staphisagria, of the order Ranun- 
 culacece. It contains the alkaloids delphinin, 
 C^H^NOj, delphinoidin, C 4? H e8 N 2 7 , del- 
 phisin, C^HjgNgC^, and staphisagrin, C 32 H 33 - 
 N0 5 . It has been used locally as an applica- 
 tion in rheumatism, and as an ointment to des- 
 troy lice and itch-mites. S., Fluidextract of 
 (fluidextr actum staphisagria, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1 min. (0.06 Cc). 
 
 Staphyle (staf'-i-le) [oza^uX-q, a bunch of grapes]. 
 The uvula. 
 
 Staphylinopharyngeus (sta}-il-i-no-far-in'-je- 
 us) [staphyle; pharynx]. The palatopharyn- 
 geus. See under Muscle. 
 
 Staphylinus (staf-il-i 1 '-nus) [staphyle]. 1. Pal- 
 atal. 2. See. S. medius. S. externus, the 
 tensor palati. S. internus, the levator 
 palati. S. medius, the azygos uvulae muscle- 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Staphylitis (staf-il-i' -tis) [staphyle; exec, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the uvula. 
 
 Staphylo- (staf-il-o-) [ara(f>uXrj, uvula]. A pre- 
 . fix denoting pertaining to the uvula. 
 
 Staphyloangina (staf-il-o-an-ji' -nah) . Walsh's 
 term for pseudomembranous inflammations 
 
STAPHYLOCOCCEMIA 
 
 926 
 
 STATICS 
 
 of the throat due to infection by staphylo- 
 cocci. 
 
 Staphylococcemia (staf-il-o-kok-se' -me-ah) 
 
 [staphylococcus; al/ia, blood]. A morbid con- 
 dition due to the presence of staphylococci in 
 the blood. 
 
 Staphylococcia (staf-il-o-kok' -se-ah). Gen- 
 eral infection with staphylococci. 
 
 Staphylococcus (staf-il-o-kok' -us) . See under 
 Bacteria. 
 
 Staphylocosis (staf -il-o-ko' -sis). Infection by 
 staphylococci. 
 
 Staphylohemia (staf -il-o- he' -me- ah) . See 
 Staphylococcemia. 
 
 Staphylolysin (staf - il - ol' - is - in) [staphylo- 
 coccus; Xuecv, to loose]. Neisser and Wechs- 
 berg's name for a hemolysin produced by 
 Staphylococcus aureus and 5. albus. 
 
 Staphyloma (staf-il-o'-mah) [ora(f>uAojp:a, a defect 
 in the eye]. A bulging of the cornea or sclera 
 of the eye. S. sequatoriale, S. aequatoris, 
 S., Equatorial, staphyloma of the sclera in 
 the equatorial region. S., Anterior. See 
 Keratoglobus. S. corneae, a bulging of the cor- 
 nea due to a thinning of the membrane with 
 or without previous ulceration. S. , Posterior, 
 S. posticum, a backward bulging of the 
 sclerotic coat at the posterior pole of the eye. 
 S., Scarpa's, posterior staphyloma; staphy- 
 loma of the posterior segment of the sclera. 
 S. uveale, thickening of the iris. Syn., Iridon- 
 cosis. 
 
 Staphylomycosis (staf-il-o-mi-ko'-sis) [staphy- 
 lococcus; mycosis]. A morbid condition due 
 to staphylococci. 
 
 Staphyloplasmin (staf-il-o-plaz'-min) [staphy- 
 lococcus; plasmin]. Staphylococcus toxin. 
 
 Staphyloplasty (staf -il-o-plas-te) [staphylo-; 
 nXaooeiv, to mold]. A plastic operation for 
 the closure of cleft palate. 
 
 Staphylorrhaphy (staf-il-or'-a-fe) [staphylo-; 
 pacfyrj, suture]. Suture of a cleft palate. 
 
 Staphylostreptococcia (staf-il-o-strep-to-kok' - 
 se-ah). Infection by both staphylococci and 
 streptococci. 
 
 Staphylotomy (staf -il-ot-o-me) [staphylo-; 
 zofj.7), a cutting], i. The operation of incising 
 or removing the uvula. 2. The operation of 
 incising a staphyloma. 
 
 Staphylotoxin (staf-il-o-toks'-in). See Staphyl- 
 olysin. 
 
 Staphysina (staf-is-i'-nah) [oza(f)(c, a dried 
 grape]. A product obtained by Thompson 
 from the seeds of Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 Star [ME., starre]. In biology applied to 
 various radiate structures, granules, cells, 
 groups of cells, or organisms. S. -anise. See 
 Illicium. S.-cells, endothelial cells of vessels, 
 first described by Kupffer, and regarded as 
 nervous elements on account of their shape 
 and thin, elongated processes, but afterward 
 shown to belong to the endothelial tissues ; they 
 have the power of inclosing various granules. 
 Syn., Kupffer' s cells. S., Daughter-. See Di- 
 aster. S.-grass. SeeAletris. S.s of Verheyn, 
 the star-shaped figures formed by the stellate 
 veins of the kidney, beneath the capsule. 
 
 S.s, Winslow's, capillary whorls which form 
 the beginning of the vorticose veins of the cho- 
 roid. Syn., Stellce vasculosce winslowii. 
 
 Starblind [AS., stcerblind]. Half blind; blink- 
 ing. 
 
 Starch [AS., stearc, stiff]. A carbohydrate 
 widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, 
 occurring in peculiar concentrically marked 
 granules or grains. When heated with water, 
 the granules swell up, burst, partially dissolve, 
 and form starch paste. The soluble portion 
 is called granulose, the insoluble is cellulose. 
 Iodin produces a characteristic blue coloration 
 with starch. The most important varieties of 
 starch are : potato-starch, leguminous starch, 
 wheat-starch (amylum, U. S. P., B. P.), sago- 
 starch, rice-starch. S., Animal. 1. See Gly- 
 cogen. 2. See Bodies, Amylaceous. S.,Corn-. 
 See Corn-starch. S. -enema, an enema con- 
 sisting of starch-water. S., Glycerite of. 
 See Arnyli, Glyceritum, under Amylum. S., 
 Iodized, iodid of starch, a dark powder contain- 
 ing 2 % of iodin; a disinfectant and internal 
 and external antiseptic. Dose 3-10 gr. (0.2- 
 0.66 Gm.). S., Soluble, a white powder ob- 
 tained by heating starch and glycerol and add- 
 ing strong alcohol during the cooling; it is used 
 as an emulsifier. Syn., Amylodextrin. S.- 
 water, a mixture of wheat-starch and water, 
 used chiefly as an emollient enema. 
 
 Starter (start'-er) [ME., starten, to start], A 
 pure culture of bacteria employed to start 
 some particular fermentation, as in the ripen- 
 ing of cream. 
 
 Starvation (star-va'-shun) [AS., steorfan, to die]. 
 Deprivation of food; the state produced by 
 deprivation of food. 
 
 Stasimetry (stas-im' -et-re) [stasis; pthpov, a 
 measure]. Bitot's term for the estimation of 
 the consistence of soft organic bodies. 
 
 Stasimorphy (stas'-e-mor-fe) [stasis; fJ-op^-fj, 
 form]. Deviation from the normal from 
 arrest of development. 
 
 Stasis (sta'-sis) [ozaocc, from corhvac, to stand]. 
 A standstill of the current of any of the fluids 
 of the body, especially of the blood. 
 
 Stasophobia (stas-o-fo'-be-ah) [stasis; <j5>6/?of, 
 fear]. Fear of standing upright. 
 
 Static (stat'-ik) [azarcKoc, causing to stand]. 
 At rest; pertaining to matter or force at rest or 
 in equilibrium. S. Breeze, a method of ad- 
 ministering static electricity, consisting in the 
 withdrawal of a static charge from a patient 
 by means of a pointed electrode. S. Elec- 
 tricity. See Electricity, Static. 
 
 Statice (stat'-is-e) [orauKTj, an astringent herb]. 
 A genus of plants of the order Plumbaginece. 
 S. antarctica and S. brasiliensis, baycuru or 
 guaycura, South American species, are used 
 to produce uterine contractions. 5. gmelini, 
 a species indigenous to southern Russia, is 
 used as a gargle and in diarrhea. S. limonium 
 grows upon the coasts of Europe and North 
 America; the plant, seed, and root are used 
 as astringents. 
 
 Statics (stat'-iks) [see Static]. The science re- 
 lating to forces in a condition of equilibrium. 
 
STATION 
 
 927 
 
 STENOCEPHALOUS 
 
 Station {sta'-shun) [statio, from stare, to stand]. 
 Standing position or attitude. 
 
 Stationary (sta'-shun-a-re) [see Station]. Stand- 
 ing still; not moving. S. Air, the amount 
 of air which is constantly in the lungs during 
 normal respiration. 
 
 Statocyst {stat'-o-sist) [orarbg, standing; koouc, 
 cyst]. One of the vestibular sacs of the lab- 
 yrinth which is supposed to act as the nervous 
 mechanism on which static equilibrium de- 
 pends. 
 
 Statometer {stat-om' -et-er) [oraroc, standing; 
 likrpov, a measure]. An instrument for meas- 
 uring the degree of exophthalmos. 
 
 Status {sta'-tus) [L.]. A state. S. arthrit- 
 icus, the nervous manifestations preceding 
 an attack of gout. S. cribrosus, a scarcely 
 macroscopic sieve-like condition of the brain 
 or nerve-substance, due to absorption of mi- 
 nute vessels; observed in autopsies. Fr., Etat 
 crible. S. epilepticus, a condition in which 
 epileptic attacks occur in rapid succession, the 
 patient not regaining consciousness during the 
 interval. S. gastricus, gastritis. S. lymph- 
 aticus, Paltauf's name for a condition of 
 unstable equilibrium, coma, convulsions, 
 and vomiting accompanying hyperplasia of 
 the persisting thymus. Syn., Lymphatism; 
 Lymphotoxemia; Status thymicus. S. pra^sens, 
 the state of a patient at the time of examina- 
 tion. S. thymicus. See S. lymphaticus. S. 
 typhosus. See Typhoid State. S.vermino- 
 sus. See Helminthiasis. 
 
 Stauroplegia {staw-ro-ple' -je-ah) [oraopoc, 
 crossed; 7^77 pj, a stroke]. Crossed hemi- 
 plegia. 
 
 Stavesacre {stavz-a'-ker). See Staphisagria. 
 
 Staxis {staks'-is). See Stillicidium. 
 
 Steapsin {ste-ap' -sin) [arkap, fat]. A ferment 
 assisting in the saponification of the fats and 
 found in the pancreatic juice. 
 
 Stearate {ste'-ar-dt) [stearin]. A salt of stearic 
 acid. Glycerol stearate is called stearin {q. v.). 
 
 Stearic Acid {ste-ar'-ik). See Acid, Stearic, 
 and Stearin. 
 
 Stearin {ste'-ar-in) [orkap, fat], C 3 H 5 03(C 18 H35- 
 2 ) 3 . A compound of stearic acid and glyceryl 
 occurring in the harder animal fats, especially 
 in tallow. It crystallizes in white, pearly 
 scales. 
 
 Stearone {ste'-ar-on) [arkap, fat], C 35 H ;0 O. A 
 volatile liquid obtained by partial decomposi- 
 tion of stearic acid. 
 
 Stearopten {ste-ar-op' -ten) [arkap, fat; nrr]vbc, 
 winged; volatile]. The crystalline substance 
 occurring naturally in solution in a volatile 
 oil. 
 
 Stearrhea (ste-ar-e' '-ah) . See Seborrhea. 
 
 Steatite {ste'-at-it). See Talc. 
 v Steatitis {ste-at-i'-tis) [orkap, fat]. Inflamma- 
 tion of the fatty tissues. 
 
 Steato- {ste-at-o-) [orkap, fat]. A prefix mean- 
 ?■ ing fatty. 
 
 Steatocele {ste'-at-o-sel) [steato-; k^tj, tumor], 
 A swelling formed by a collection of fatty 
 matter in the scrotum. 
 
 Steatoma {ste-at-o' -mah) [steato-; 6p.a, tumor]. 
 
 1. A sebaceous cyst. 2. A lipoma. S., 
 Miiller's, a lipofibroma. 
 
 Steatopygia {ste-at-o-pij'-e-ah) [steato-; nuyi], 
 buttock]. Enormous fatness of the buttock, 
 common among the women of some African 
 tribes. 
 
 Steatopygous {ste-at-o p'-ig-us) [see Steato- 
 pygia]. Characterized by excessive develop- 
 ment of the buttocks. 
 
 Steatorrhea {ste-at-or-e'-ah) [steato-; po'ca, flow]. 
 
 1. See Seborrhea. 2. Fatty stools. 
 Steatosis {ste-at-o' -sis). 1. Fatty degeneration. 
 
 2. An abnormal accumulation of fat. 
 Steatozoon {ste-at-o-zo' -on) [steato-; r\&ov, an 
 
 animal]. The parasite, Demodex jollicu- 
 lorum, contained in comedones. 
 
 Stechiometry, Stcechiometry, Stoichiom- 
 etry {stek-e-om'-et-re, stoi-ke-om' -et-re) [oroc- 
 y/iov, a first principle; \xkrpov, a measure]. 
 The estimation- of the proportions in which 
 elements combine to form compounds. 
 
 Steel. A form of iron holding an intermediate 
 position between cast iron and wrought iron, 
 and containing from 0.5 to 1.5 % of carbon. 
 S., Tincture of. See Ferric Chlorid, Tinc- 
 ture of. S., Wine of. See Ferric Citrate, 
 Wine of. 
 
 Steep. 1. A name for rennet. 2. To stand in 
 water for making an infusion. 
 
 Stegomyia {steg-o-mi'-e-ah) [ortyavbc, covered; 
 (j.u'ca, a fly]. A genus of Culicidce founded by 
 Theobald, represented in most tropical and 
 subtropical countries ; one species occurring in 
 the warmer parts of southern Europe. The 
 adults are usually very vicious biters, both by 
 day and night. According to the experiments 
 of the American Commission on Yellow Fever 
 S. fasciata is the agent which spreads the 
 germs of this disease. S. fasciata, Fabricius 
 (1805), a very distinct and common species, 
 easily distinguished by the thoracic ornament- 
 ation and by the last hind tarsal joint being 
 white. It is almost cosmopolitan, but does 
 not appear to occur in cold regions. It is one 
 of the most troublesome and annoying of 
 mosquitos; the bite is very irritating. Both 
 male and female bite. It is the intermediate 
 host of the hematozoon Filaria Bancroftii, 
 which also occurs in Culex fatigans, Wide- 
 mann, and in Anopheles. The yellow-fever 
 parasite is disseminated by this gnat. Syn., 
 Brindled or Tiger mosquito. 
 
 Stellate {stel'-dt) [stella, a star]. Star-shaped. 
 
 Stellwag's Sign. Absence or diminution in 
 frequency of the winking movements of the 
 eyelids and abnormal width of the palpe- 
 bral aperture; it is seen in exophthalmic 
 goiter. 
 
 Stenion {sten'-e-on) [orevbc, narrow]. A crani- 
 ometric point at the extremity of the smallest 
 transverse diameter in the temporal fossa. 
 
 Steno- {sten-o-) [orevoc, narrow]. A prefix 
 meaning narrow or constricted. 
 
 Steno's Duct. See Stenson's Duct. 
 
 Stenocardia {sten-o-kar' -de-ah) [steno-; mpdca, 
 heart]. Angina pectoris. 
 
 Stenocephalous {sten-o-sef -al-us) [steno-; 
 
STENOCEPHALY 
 
 928 
 
 STERIFORM 
 
 K£(f)aXrj, head]. Having a head narrow in one 
 or more of its diameters. 
 
 Stenocephaly (sten-o-sef'-al-e) [see Stenoceph- 
 alous]. Narrowing of the head in one or 
 more of its diameters. 
 
 Stenochasmus (sten-o-kas'-mus) [steno-; ib-op-a, 
 a chasm]. Lissauer's term applied to a skull 
 in which a line drawn from the point upon the 
 rostrum of the sphenoid where it is included 
 between the alae vomeris, to the center of the 
 posterior nasal spine and to the basion, inter- 
 sects with an angle of 74 to 94°. 
 
 Stenochoria (sten-o-ko'-re-ah) [steno-; %(bpog, 
 space]. Narrowing; stenosis. 
 
 Stenodont (sten'-o-dont) [steno-; ddbuc, tooth]. 
 Provided with narrow teeth. 
 
 Stenon's Duct. See Stenson's Duct. 
 
 Stenonian, Stenonine (sten-o'-ne-an, sten'-o- 
 nen). Named for Nicholas Stenson (latin- 
 ized Stenonianus), a Danish anatomist, 1638- 
 1686. < 
 
 Stenopaic {sten-o-pa' -ik) [steno-; dnrj, an open- 
 ing]. Pertaining to or having a narrow slit; 
 applied to lenses that allow the passage of 
 rays only through a narrow slit. 
 
 Stenosin (sten'-o-sin), AsCH 3 3 Na 2 2H 2 0, di- 
 sodic methylarsenate, discovered by Baeyer; 
 said to be a nontoxic arsenical salt. Dose 
 1 eg. 1 to 5 times daily. 
 
 Stenosis (sten-o'-sis) [orevoc, narrow]. Con- 
 striction or narrowing, especially of a 
 channel or aperture, as aortic stenosis, mitral 
 stenosis, etc. See Signs, AufrechVs, Konig's 
 Symptom-complex. S., Dittrich's, stenosis 
 of the conus arteriosus. 
 
 Stenotic (sten-ot'-ik) [stenosis]. Characterized 
 by stenosis; produced by stenosis. 
 
 Stenson's (Steno 's) Duct. The duct of 
 the parotid gland. S.'s Experiment, 
 temporary ligation of the aorta of the rabbit 
 immediately below the point at which the 
 renal arteries are given off, for the purpose of 
 cutting off the blood-supply of the lower por- 
 tion of the spinal cord. S.'s Foramens, the 
 incisive foramens which transmit the anterior 
 palatine vessels. S.'s Veins, the venae vorti- 
 cosae of the choroid. 
 
 Stentorophonous (sten-tor-of '-on-us) [Irivrcop, 
 a loud-voiced Greek in the Trojan war; (jxovr), 
 sound]. Having a loud voice. 
 
 Stephanion (stef-an'-e-on). See under Cranio- 
 metric Point. 
 
 Steppage-gait (step'-aj-gat). The peculiar 
 high-stepping gait seen in tabes dorsalis and 
 certain forms of multiple neuritis. 
 
 Stercobilin (ster-ko-bi' '-lin) [stercus, dung; bilis, 
 bile]. A coloring-matter found in feces, and 
 identical with hydrobilirubin. 
 
 Stercoraceous (ster - ko - ra' - shus) [stercus]. 
 Fecal; having the nature of feces; containing 
 feces as, stercoraceous vomiting. 
 
 Stercoral (ster'-ko-ral). See Stercoraceous. 
 
 Stercorary (ster'-ko-ra-re) [stercus]. Fecal. 
 
 Stercoremia (ster-ko-re'-me-ah) [stercus; olp.a, 
 blood]. A condition of the blood resulting 
 from arrest of intestinal excretion and the 
 absorption of toxic matters from the feces. 
 
 Stercorin (ster'-ko-rin) [stercus]. An extractive 
 from the feces resembling cholesterin. 
 
 Stercus (ster'-kus) [L., "dung"]. Feces. 
 
 Stere (ster) [orepeoc, solid]. A measure of 
 1000 liters; a kiloliter. 
 
 Stereo- (ster-e-o-) [orepebc, solid]. A prefix 
 meaning solid or relating to solidity. 
 
 Stereoagnosis {ster -e-o-ag-no' -sis). See Astere- 
 ognosis 
 
 Stereognosis {ster-e-o g-no' -sis) [stereo-; yvebocc, 
 knowledge]. The faculty of recognizing the 
 nature and use of objects by contact and hand- 
 ling them. Cf. A stereoagnosis. 
 
 Stereognostic (ster-e-o g-no s'-tik) [see Stereog- 
 nosis]. 1. Pertaining to the cognition of soli- 
 dity, or tridimensional forms. 2. Recogniz- 
 ing by sense of touch. 
 
 Stereograph (ster'-e-o-graf) [stereo-; ypafyztv, to 
 write]. Of Broca, an instrument used to 
 make outline drawings of parts of the cranium. 
 
 Stereometer (ster-e-om' -et-er) [stereo-; \xkzpov, a 
 measure]. An apparatus for the determi- 
 nation of the specific gravity of liquids, porous 
 substances, powders, etc., as well as solids. 
 
 Stereometry (ster-e-om' -et-re) [see Stereometer]. 
 1. The determination of the specific gravity 
 of substances. 2. The measurement of vol- 
 ume. 
 
 Stereophantoscope (ste-re-o-fan'-to-skop). See 
 Stereophoroscope. 
 
 Stereophoroscope (ste-re-o-for' -o-skop) \stereo-; 
 (frkpecv, to carry; oKonelv, to see]. A stereo- 
 scopic zoetrope, an instrument for producing 
 a series of images apparently in motion. 
 
 Stereoplasm (ste'-re-o-plazm) [stereo-; xkaooecv, 
 to mold]. The solid part of the protoplasm 
 of cells. 
 
 Stereoscope (ste'-re-o-skop) [stereo-; oKOTie'tv, to 
 see]. An instrument by which two similar 
 pictures of the same object are made to overlap 
 so that the reflected images are seen as one, 
 thereby giving the appearance of solidity and 
 relief. 
 
 Stereoscopic (ste-re-o-skop'-ik) [stereoscope]. 
 Pertaining to stereoscopy. S. Vision, binoc- 
 ular vision. See Stereoscope. 
 
 Stereoscopy (ste-re-os'-ko-pe) [stereoscope]. The 
 
 use of the stereoscope. 
 Stereostroboscope (ster -e-o- stro' -bo- skdp) 
 [stereo-; orpoftoc, a twisting; OKonuv, to view]. 
 An apparatus for the experimental study of 
 points moving in three dimensions. 
 
 Stereotics (ster-e-ot'-iks). Lesions or deform- 
 ities affecting the harder portions of the 
 body. 
 Stereotypy (ster-e-ot'-o-pe) [stereo-; ru-xog, a 
 type]. Morbid persistence of a volitional im- 
 pulse when once started. 
 Steresol (ster'-e-sol). A liquid said to be an 
 alcoholic solution of gum lac, benzoin, tolu 
 balsam, phenol, oil of ginger, and saccharin. 
 It is used in diphtheria and skin diseases. 
 Steriform (ster'-e-jorm). An almost taste- 
 less and odorless powder consisting essentially 
 of sugar of milk and 5% of formaldehyd. 
 S. Chlorid, a mixture of formaldehyd, 5 parts; 
 ammonium chlorid, 10 parts; pepsin, 20 parts; 
 
STERILE 
 
 929 
 
 STETHOPHONOMETER 
 
 and milk-sugar, 65 parts. S. Iodid, formal- 
 dehyd, 5 parts; ammonium iodid, 10 parts; 
 pepsin, 20 parts; and milk-sugar, 65 parts. 
 
 Sterile {ster'-il) [sterilis, barren]. 1. Not fer- 
 tile; not capable of reproducing. 2. Free 
 from microorganisms or spores. 
 
 Sterility {ster-iV -it-e) [sterile]. The condition of 
 beingsterile. S., Facultative. 1. Atermsug- 
 gested by Koch, of the University of Bonn, to 
 designate a procedure which he has devised 
 for preventing the possibility of conception for 
 any length of time, without permanently depri- 
 ving the subject of procreative power. He 
 forms two folds of mucous membrane, one at 
 the anterior, the other at the posterior, lip of 
 the external orifice of the uterus. These act as 
 valves permitting the outflow of the menstrual 
 fluid and preventing the entrance of the sperm- 
 atozoa. By removing the folds fertility may 
 be restored. 2. Ludwig Pineus' term for 
 sterility in women induced artificially by de- 
 stroying the capacity of the endometrium 
 as an organ of nidation by means of uterine 
 atmocausis. 
 
 Sterilization {ster-il-i-za' -shun) [sterile]. The 
 act of rendering anything sterile; the destruc- 
 tion of microorganisms, particularly by means 
 of heat. S., Intermittent, a method of sterili- 
 zation in which an interval of time is allowed 
 to elapse between the several heatings, giving 
 an opportunity for any spores present to de- 
 velop into adult microorganisms, in which form 
 they readily succumb to the action of heat. 
 
 Sterilized {ster' -il-izd) . Rendered sterile. 
 
 Sterilizer {ster' -il-i-zer) [sterile]. An apparatus 
 for destroying the microorganisms attached to 
 an object, especially by means of heat. 
 
 Sterisol {ster' -is-ol) . A preparation containing 
 sugar of milk, 2.98 parts; sodium chlorid, 0.672 
 part; potassium phosphate, 0.322 part; 
 formaldehyd, 0.520 part; water, 95.506 parts. 
 Used as an antiseptic in infectious diseases. 
 
 Sternal {ster'-nal) [sternum]. Pertaining to the 
 sternum. 
 
 Sternberg's Disease. The tuberculous form of 
 pseudoleukemia. 
 
 Sterno- {ster-no-) [sternum]. A prefix denoting 
 connection with the sternum. 
 
 $ternochondTOSca.pu.laxis{ster-no-kon-dro-skap- 
 u-la'-ris) [sterno-; %6vdpof, cartilage; scap- 
 ula]. An inconstant muscle arising from the 
 sternum and the first costal cartilage and ex- 
 tending to the upper border of the scapula. 
 
 Sternoclavicular {ster-no-kla-vik'-u-lar) [ster- 
 no-; clavicle]. Pertaining to the sternum and 
 the clavicle. 
 
 Sternocleidal {ster -no-Hi' -dot). Same as 
 Sternoclavicular . 
 
 Sternocleidomastoid (ster-no-kli-do-mas'-toid) 
 [sterno-; uhlc, key; mastoid]. Pertaining to 
 the sternum, the clavicle, and the mastoid 
 process, as the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Sternocoracoid {ster-no-kor' -ak-oid) . Relating 
 to the sternum and the coracoid. 
 
 Sternocostal (ster-no-kos'-tal) [sterno-; costa, a 
 rib]. Pertaining to the sternum and the ribs. 
 60 
 
 Sternodymia {ster-no-dim' -e-ah) [sterno-; • 
 d'jecv, to enter]. A form of somatodymia in 
 which the union is in the sternums. 
 
 Sternodynia {ster-no-din' -e-ah) [sterno-; dduvq, 
 pain]. Sternalgia; pain in the sternum. 
 
 Sternohyoid {ster-no-hi'-oid) [sterno-; hyoid]. 
 Pertaining to the sternum and the hyoid 
 bone, as the sternohyoid muscle. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Sternomastoid {ster-no-mas' -toid) . Relating to 
 the sternum and the mastoid process of the 
 temporal bone. 
 
 Sternoomphalodymia {ster-no-om-fal-o-dim '-e- 
 ah) [sterno-; 6ii<^>aldg, a navel; duecv, to enter]. 
 A form of somatodymia in which the union is 
 in both the sternal and umbilical regions. 
 
 Sternopagus {ster-no p' -a g-us) [sterno-; Ttayoc, 
 fastened]. A double monster the parts of 
 which are united at the sternum. 
 
 Sternopericardiac {ster-no-per-e-kar' -de-ak) . 
 Relating to the sternum and the pericardium. 
 
 Sternothyroid {ster-no-thi'-roid) [sterno-; thy- 
 roid]. Pertaining to the sternum and the 
 thyroid cartilage, as the sternothyroid muscle. 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Sternotracheal {ster-no-tra' -he-al) [sterno-; 
 trachea]. Pertaining to the sternum and the 
 trachea. 
 
 Sternotrypesis {ster -no-tri-pe' -sis) [sterno-; 
 rpuxTjocc, a boring]. Perforation of the ster- 
 num. 
 
 Sternoxiphoid {ster-no-zi'-foid). Relating to or 
 connecting the sternum and the xiphoid process. 
 
 Sternum {ster'-num) [oripvov, breast-bone]. The 
 flat, narrow bone in the median line in the front 
 of the chest, composed of three portions — the 
 manubrium, the gladiolus, and the ensiform 
 or xiphoid appendix. 
 
 Sternutation {ster -nu-ta' -shun) [stemutatio, a 
 sneezing]. The act of sneezing. 
 
 Sternutatory {ster-nu'-tat-o-re) [see Sternuta- 
 tion]. 1. Producing sneezing. 2. An agent 
 that causes sneezing. 
 
 Stertor {ster' -tor) [L., "a snoring"]. Sonorous 
 breathing or snoring; the rasping, rattling 
 sound produced when the larynx and the air- 
 passages are obstructed by mucus. 
 
 Stertorous {ster' -to -r us) [stertor]. Character- 
 ized by stertor, as stertorous breathing. 
 
 Stetheniia, Stethaemia {steth-e'-me-ah) [axffioc, 
 chest; alfia, blood]. An accumulation of 
 blood in the pulmonary vessels. 
 
 Stetho- {steth-o-) [ozfjdoc, chest]. A prefix de- 
 noting pertaining to the chest. 
 
 Stethograph {steth'-o-gra}) [stetho-; ypa<f>scv, to 
 write]. An instrument recording the respira- 
 tory movements of the chest. 
 
 Stethometer {steth-om' -et-er) [stetho-; /nirpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
 degree of expansion of the chest. 
 
 Stethonoscope {steth-on' -o-skop) [stetho-; gko- 
 7i£~cv, to view]. An apparatus for use in auscul- 
 tation which may be attached to a binaural 
 stethoscope. 
 
 Stethoparalysis {steth-o-par-al' -is-is) . Paral- 
 ysis of the muscles of the chest. 
 
 Stethophonometer {steth -o-fo- nom' -et- er) 
 
STETHOPHONOMETRY 
 
 930 
 
 STIMULIN 
 
 [stetho-; (frcowfj, sound; pizpov, a measure]. 
 An instrument for measuring the phenomena 
 elicited by auscultation. 
 
 Stethophonometry {steth-o-jo-nom'-et-re) [see 
 Stetho phonometer]. The determination of 
 the intensity of the acoustic phenomena as- 
 sociated with the lungs and heart. 
 
 Stethoscope {steth'-o-skop) [stetho-; onoiztiv, to 
 view]. An instrument for ascertaining the con- 
 dition of the organs of circulation and respi- 
 ration by the sounds made by these organs. 
 It consists of a hollow tube, one end being 
 placed over the locality to be examined, the 
 other at the ear of the examiner. The binaural 
 stethoscope consists of a Y-shaped tube, the 
 flexible branches being applied each to an ear 
 of the listener. S., Differential, one deter- 
 mining the time rather than the quality of the 
 sounds heard, so that murmurs at two localities 
 may be compared. 
 
 Stethoscopic (steth-o-skop'-ik). Pertaining to 
 or detected by means of the stethoscope. 
 
 Stethoscopy {steth-os'-ko-pe) [see Stethoscope]. 
 Examination with the aid of the stethoscope. 
 
 Sthenic (sthen f -ik) [odivoc, strength]. Strong; 
 active. S. Fever, a form of fever marked by 
 high temperature, quick and tense pulse, and 
 highly colored urine. 
 
 Stibiated {stib' -e-a-ted) [stibium, antimony]. 
 Containing antimony. 
 
 Stibiation {stib-e-a'-shun). Excessive use of 
 antimonials. 
 
 Stibine {stib' -en). Antimony sulfid. 
 
 Stibium (stib'-e-um). Antimony. 
 
 Stibogram {stib'-o-gram) [ox'iftoc, a beaten path; 
 ypappa, a writing]. A record of footsteps. 
 
 Stichochrome {stik'-o-krom) [pil^og, a row; 
 Xptipa, color]. Applied by Nissl to a somato- 
 chrome nerve-cell in which the chromophilic 
 substance is arranged in strias running in the 
 same direction and usually parallel with the 
 contour of the cell-body, partly also with the 
 surface of the nucleus. Cf. Arkyostichochrome. 
 
 Sticking Plaster. Adhesive plaster. 
 
 Stiff-neck Fever. Epidemic cerebrospinal men- 
 ingitis. 
 
 Stigma {stig'-mah) [ox'cypa, a point; pi., stig- 
 mata], i. A small spot or mark, especially 
 a spot of hemorrhage in the palm or sole cor- 
 responding to the nail-marks of Christ, occur- 
 ring in hysteric persons. 2. Any one of the 
 marks or signs characteristic of a condition; 
 generally used in the plural, as hysteric stig- 
 mata. 3. That part of a pistil which receives 
 the pollen. Stigmata, Conn's, minute gaps 
 in the interalveolar walls of the normal lung. S. , 
 Giuffrida-Rugieri's, of Degeneration, the 
 absence or incompleteness of the glenoid fossa. 
 S. of Graafian Follicle, the point where the 
 blood-vessels of the walls are absent and where 
 it finally ruptures. Stigmata, Malpighi's, 
 the orifices of the capillary veins that join the 
 branches of the splenic vein at right angles. 
 Stigmata maydis, zea mays. See under Zea. 
 Stigmata ovariorum, small cicatrixes seen 
 in the ovaries after the escape of the 
 ovums. 
 
 Stigmatic {stig-mat'-ik) [stigma]. Pertaining 
 to a stigma. 
 
 Stigmatization (stig-mat-i-za 1 '-shun) [stigma]. 
 The formation of stigmata. 
 
 Stilet, Stilette (stil-ef) [Ft., dim. of stilus, a 
 point]. 1. A small, sharp-pointed instru- 
 ment inclosed in a cannula. 2. A wire 
 passed into a flexible catheter. 
 
 Still-birth. The birth of a dead child. 
 
 Still-born. Born lifeless. 
 
 Stiller's Sign. Marked mobility or fluctuation 
 of the tenth rib in neurasthenia and entero- 
 ptosis. 
 
 Stillicidium {stil-is-id'-e-um) [stilla, a drop; 
 cadere, to fall down]. The flow of a liquid 
 drop by drop. S. lacrimarum, overflow 
 of tears from obstruction of the canaliculus or 
 nasal duct; epiphora. S. narium, coryza. 
 
 Stilling's Bundle. See Krause's Respiratory 
 Tract. S.'s Canal. 1. The central canal 
 of the spinal cord. 2. See Canal, Hyaloid. 
 S.'s Cells, S.'s Columns. See Cells, 
 Stilling' 1 s. S.'s Fibers, the association fibers 
 of the cerebellum. S.'s Fleece , the meshwork 
 of fibers formed around the dentate nucleus 
 of the cerebellum. S.'s Gelatinous Sub- 
 stance, the gelatinous substance surrounding 
 the central canal of the spinal cord. S.'s Nu- 
 cleus. 1. The nucleus ruber of the subthal- 
 amic region. 2. The nucleus of the hypo- 
 glossal nerve in the fourth ventricle. S.'s 
 Raphe, a narrow band connecting the pyra- 
 mids of the oblongata. S.'s Sacral Nu- 
 cleus, an island of ganglion-cells in the region 
 of the spinal cord. S.'s Scissors of the 
 Brain, the supposed resemblance to the out- 
 line of a pair of scissors seen in a horizontal 
 section of the brain through the thalamus, nu- 
 cleus ruber, and the nucleus dentatus cerebelli. 
 
 Stilling-Clarke's Cells. See Column o; 
 Clarke. 
 
 Stillingia {stil-in' -je-ah) [after Benjamin Still- 
 ingfleet, an English botanist]. A genus of 
 plants of the order Euphorbiacece. The still- 
 ingia of the U. S. P. is the root of S. sylvatica, 
 queen's root or queen's delight, and is used as 
 an alterative in syphilis, scrofula, diseases of 
 the skin, etc. S., Fluidextract of (fluidex- 
 tr actum stillingice, U. S. P.). Dose \-i dr. 
 (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Stimulant {stim'-u-lant) [stimulus, a goad]. 
 1. Stimulating. 2. An agent that cause, stim- 
 ulation. S., Cardiac, one that increases the 
 heart's action. S., Cerebral, one that exalts 
 the action of the cerebrum. S., Diffusi 
 one that has a prompt but transient eff<u-,. 
 S., Hepatic, one that excites the activiU of 
 the liver. 
 
 Stimulate {stim'-u-lat) [see Stimulant]. To 
 quicken; to stir up; to excite; to increase func- 
 tional activity. 
 
 Stimulation {stim-u-la'-shun) [see Stimulant]. 
 1. The act of stimulating. 2. The effect of 
 a stimulant. 
 
 Stimulator {slim' -u -la -tor). A stimulating 
 drug or agent. 
 
 Stimulin (stim f -u-lin). Metchnikoff 's name 
 
STIMULUS 
 
 931 
 
 STOMATITIS 
 
 for a substance supposed to stimulate the 
 phagocytes to destroy germs. 
 
 Stimulus {stim'-u-lus) [L.; pi., stimuli]. A 
 goad; an impulse; anything capable of caus- 
 ing stimulation. S., Adequate. See S., Homo- 
 logous. S. , Chemic, one due to or produced by 
 chemic means. S. -difference, the difference in 
 activity between two stimuli. S., Heterol- 
 ogous, one acting upon the nervous elements 
 of the sensory apparatus along their entire 
 course. S., Homologous, one acting only 
 upon the end-organ. S., Mechanic, one 
 acting by mechanic means, as pinching or 
 striking. S., Subminimal, one too weak to 
 produce any obvious effect. 
 
 Stipa {sti'-pah) [pzimi), tow]. A genus of 
 grasses. S. vaseyi, sleepy grass, is a species 
 found in New Mexico in the Sacramento 
 Mountains, the ingestion of which causes in 
 horses a stupor which endures for several days. 
 
 Stipate {sti'-pat) [stipare, to press together]. 
 Packed; crowded. 
 
 Stipatio (sti-pa'-she-o) [L.]. An aggregation 
 forming an obstruction. S. telse celluloses 
 infantum, sclerema neonatorum. 
 
 Stirrup, Stirrup-bone {stir' -up). The stapes. 
 
 Stitch, i. A sudden, sharp, lancinating pain. 
 2. See Suture (2). S. -abscess, an abscess 
 forming in a suture. S., Marcy's Cobbler. 
 See Suture, Cobbler's. S., Sclerocorneal, a 
 peculiar stitch devised by Kalt to secure 
 rapid union of the wound and to prevent pro- 
 lapse of the iris after simple extraction of 
 cataract. Syn., Kalt stitch. S. in the Side, 
 intercostal neuralgia. 
 
 Stoerk's Blennorrhea. Profuse chronic sup- 
 puration and consequent hypertrophy of the 
 mucosa of the nose, pharynx, and larynx. 
 
 Stoichiometry. See Stechiometry. 
 
 Stokes' Disease. See Goiter, Exophthalmic. 
 S.'s Law, inflammation of serous or mucous 
 membranes leads to paralysis of subjacent 
 muscles. S.'s Pulse. See Corrigan's Pulse. 
 S.'s Reagent for Reducing Oxyhemo- 
 globin, add some citric or tartaric acid to a 
 solution of ferrous sulfate and ammonia 
 enough to make it alkaline. S.'s Sign. 1. A 
 violent abdominal throbbing felt on palpation 
 J to the right of the umbilicus in acute enteritis. 
 2. Marked feebleness of the first heart-sound, 
 when occurring during fevers, calls for alco- 
 hci'c stimulation. S.'s Syndrome. See 
 Adams-Stokes' Disease. 
 
 Stokes-Adams' Disease. See Adams-Stokes' 
 Disease. 
 
 btokvis' Test for Bile -pigments. To 20 to 
 30 Cc. of urine add 5 to 10 Cc. of a zinc ace- 
 tate solution (1 : 5). Wash the precipitate on 
 a small filter with water, and dissolve in a 
 little ammonia. When filtered, the filtrate 
 will give, after standing in the air, a brownish 
 green color, and show the absorption bands of 
 bilicyanin, one between C and D, the second 
 at D, and the third between D and E. 
 
 Stoll's Pneumonia. Bilious pneumonia; a va- 
 riety of pneumonia with gastrohepatic symp- 
 toms. 
 
 Stolonization {sto-lon-iz-a' -shun) [stolo, a 
 shoot]. The process of transforming, in cer- 
 tain organisms, one organ into another through 
 external influences, such as gravitation, con- 
 tact, light, etc. 
 
 Stoma {sto'-mah) [oz6[ia, mouth]. 1. A mouth. 
 2. A pore, as that between endothelial cells, 
 establishing direct communication between 
 adjacent lymph-channels. 
 
 Stomach (stum'-ak) [orbpiaxoc, the stomach]. 
 The most dilated part of the alimentary canal, 
 situated below the diaphragm in the left hypo 
 chondriac, the epigastric, and part of the right 
 hypochondriac regions. It is connected at one 
 end (cardiac end) with the esophagus, at the 
 other (pyloric end) with the duodenum. Its 
 wall consists of four coats — the serous, muscu- 
 lar, submucous, and mucous. The mucous coat 
 contains the gastric glands (cardiac and pyloric 
 glands), which secrete the gastric juice and 
 mucus. S.-bed, the shelf-like support upon 
 which the stomach rests, formed by the portion 
 of the pancreas situated to the left of the me- 
 dian line. This is quite thick anteropos- 
 teriorly, and its upper surface (anterior sur- 
 face of His) makes a large portion of the shelf. 
 S. -cough, a reflex cough excited by irritation 
 of the stomach. S.-pump, a pump for with- 
 drawing the contents of the stomach. S.- 
 reefing. Synonym of Gastrorrhaphy. S.- 
 tooth, a lower canine tooth, especially one of 
 the first dentition. S.-tube, a flexible tube 
 for irrigation or evacuation of the stomach. 
 S.-worm Disease, a disease of cattle due to 
 species of Strongylus — S. contortus, S. osterfagi, 
 S. curticei, S. parkeri, S. retortaformis, S. filli- 
 collis, S. oncophorus. 
 
 Stomachal {stum 1 '-ak-al) [stomach]. Pertain- 
 ing to the stomach. 
 
 Stomachic {stum-ak' -ik) [stomach]. 1. Per- 
 taining to the stomach. 2. Stimulating the 
 secretory activity of the stomach. 3. One of 
 a class of substances which have an influence 
 upon the work of the digestive organs. Ac- 
 cording to Weiss, some (hydrochloric acid, pep- 
 sin, and other ferments) act by substitution 
 in that they replace the natural juices; others 
 (salicylic acid, menthol, creasote) arrest ab- 
 normal fermentation processes; others (cloves, 
 cinnamon, peppermint) produce hyperemia 
 and in that way influence the digestive func- 
 tion ; others (the bitters and the proteids) 
 stimulate the lymphoid tissue, producing 
 lymphofluxion, lymphostasis, and leukocytosis. 
 
 Stomatitis (stom - at - i' - tis) [stoma; exec, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the mouth. 
 S. aphthosa, S., Aphthous. See Aphtha. 
 S., Catarrhal, a simple form characterized by 
 swelling of the mucous membrane, pain, and 
 salivation. S., Gangrenous. See Cancrum 
 oris. S. , Mercurial, that arising from poison- 
 ing by mercury. S., Mycotic. See Thrush. 
 S., Scorbutic, that due to scurvy. S., Ulcer- 
 ative, a form characterized by the formation 
 of small ulcers on the cheeks, lips, and tongue, 
 with copious salivation, pain, fetid breath, 
 slight fever, and at times great prostration. 
 
STOMATO- 
 
 932 
 
 STRAMONIUM 
 
 Stomato- (stom-at-o-) [orofia, mouth]. A prefix 
 
 meaning pertaining to the mouth. 
 Stomatol (sto'-mat-ol). An antiseptic compound 
 said to consist of terpineol, 4 parts; soap, 2 
 parts; alcohol, 45 parts; aroma tics, 2 parts; 
 glycerol, 5 parts; water, 42 parts. 
 Stomatomy (stom - at' - o - me) [stoma; rofirj, a 
 
 cutting]. Incision of the os uteri. 
 Stomatomycosis (stom-at-o-mi-W -sis) [sto- 
 mato-; mycosis]. A disease of the mouth due to 
 fungi, especially Oidium albicans. 
 Stomatonecrosis, Stomatonoma (stom-at-o-ne- 
 kro'-sis, stom-at-on' -o-mah) . See Cancrum 
 oris. 
 Stomatopathy (stom -at- op' - ath - e) [stomato-; 
 
 nadoe, disease]. Any disease of the mouth. 
 Stomatoplasty (stom'-at-o-plas-te) [stomato-; 
 ■nXaooetv, to form]. A plastic operation upon 
 the mouth. 
 Stomatoscope (stom' -at-o- skop) [stomato-; 
 okoti£~cv, to inspect]. An instrument for in- 
 specting the cavity of the mouth. 
 Stomatosyrinx (sto-mat-o-sir' -ingks) [stomato-; 
 
 oupcy^, a tube]. The eustachian tube. 
 Stomocephalus (stom-o-sef -al-us) [stoma; 
 K£(j)aXi}, head]. A variety of monster in which 
 there is the same deformity as in rhinoceph- 
 alus or in cyclocephalus, associated with a de- 
 fect of the maxillary bones, so that the skin 
 hangs in folds around the mouth. 
 Stomodseum (stom-o-de'-um) [stoma; bda'coc, 
 by the way]. The primitive oral cavity of the 
 embryo, formed by a depression of the ecto- 
 derm and afterward forming the mouth and 
 upper part of the pharynx. 
 Stone. A hardened mass of mineral matter. 
 See Calculus. S., Blue, copper sulfate crys- 
 tals. S., Gall-, a biliary calculus. See Gall- 
 stone. 
 Stool. The evacuation of the bowels. S.s, 
 Acholic. 1. Light gray or clay-colored 
 stools having the consistence of putty, which 
 follow stoppage of the flow of bile into the duo- 
 . denum. The color is due to the presence of 
 the normal urobilin. The stools show, under 
 the microscope, an abnormal amount of fat. 
 This form of acholic stool is accompanied by 
 icterus and choluria. 2. Stools of the same 
 color may occur in the absence of interference 
 with the flow of bile, but when the stool con- 
 tains an excessively large amount of fat and 
 fatty acids. S.s, Lead-pencil, fecal discharges 
 of a very small caliber. They occur indepen- 
 dent of any general nervousness or local in- 
 testinal spasm, and cannot be regarded as evi- 
 dence of stricture or stenosis of the colon. 
 S.s, Schafkoth. See S.s, Sheep-dung. 
 S.s, Sheep-dung, the small round fecal 
 masses (similar to the dung of sheep) due to 
 atony of the intestine; this form of passage 
 may occur in the socalled "starvation" or 
 "hunger" evacuation which is found in cases 
 of inanition, e. g., after carcinomatous cachexia 
 when the intestine becomes very much con- 
 tracted. S. -sieve of Boas, an apparatus by 
 means of which feces may be thoroughly and 
 conveniently washed, so that undigested re- 
 
 mains of food, bits of mucus, concretions, and 
 parasites are readily brought to view and iso- 
 lated. 
 Stop-needle. A lance-pointed needle used in 
 the operation of discission, having an enlarge- 
 ment or shoulder upon the shank to prevent 
 too deep penetration. 
 Storax (sto'-raks). See Styrax. 
 Strabism (strab'-izm). See Strabismus . 
 Strabismal, Strabismic (strab-iz'-mal, strab-iz'- 
 mik) [strabismus]. Relating to or affected 
 with strabismus. 
 Strabismus (strab-iz'-mus) [orpaftcopLoc, from 
 arpa^oc, crooked]. Squint; that abnormity 
 of the eyes in which the visual axes do not 
 meet at the desired objective point, in conse- 
 quence of incoordinate action of the external 
 ocular muscles. S., Alternating, one in 
 which either eye fixes alternately. S., 
 Concomitant, one in which the squinting 
 eye has full range of movement. S., 
 Convergent, one in which the squinting 
 eye is turned to the nasal side. S., Diver- 
 gent, one in which the squinting eye is turned 
 to the temporal side. S., External. See S., 
 Divergent. S., Hirschberg's Test for, a 
 rough estimate of the amount of strabismus 
 is made by observing the position of the cor- 
 neal reflection of a candle-flame held one foot 
 in front of the eye to be tested, the examiner 
 placing his own eye near the candle and 
 looking just over it. S., Internal. See S., 
 Convergent. S., Paralytic, that due to 
 paralysis of one or more muscles. S., Spastic, 
 that due to a spastic contraction of an ocular 
 muscle. 
 Strabometry (stra-bom' -et-re) [strabismus; 
 ptizpov, measure]. The determination of the 
 degree of ocular deviation in strabismus. 
 Strabotome (stra'-bo-tom) [strabismus; zepivecv, 
 
 to cut]. A knife used in strabotomy. 
 Strabotomy (stra-bot'-o-me) [see Strabotome]. 
 An operation for the correction of strabis- 
 mus. 
 Strain (stran) [OF., estraindre, from L., string- 
 ere, to draw tight]. 1. Excessive stretching; 
 overuse of a part. 2. The condition produced 
 in a part by overuse or wrong use, as eye- 
 strain. 3. To overexert; to use to excess; to 
 make violent efforts. 4. A sub variety of any 
 domestic animal, often locally called breed. 
 Strait (strat) [Ft., etroit, from strictus, drawn 
 tight]. A narrow or constricted passage, as 
 the inferior or superior strait of the pelvis. 
 S., Inferior (of the pelvis). See under Pelvis 
 (3). S. -jacket, a strong jacket placed on the 
 insane or delirious to prevent injury to them- 
 selves or to others. S., Superior (of the pel- 
 vis) . S ee under Pelvis (3 ) . 
 Stramonium (stra-mo'-ne-um). The thorn- 
 apple. The stramonium of the U. S. P. is the 
 dried leaves of Datura stramonium, Jamestown 
 weed or jimson-weed, a plant of the order 
 Solanacece. It contains two alkaloids, daturin, i 
 identical with atropin, and hyoscyamin. The 
 action of stramonium resembles that of bella- 
 donna. It is used in asthma, dysmenorrhea, 
 
STRANGLING 
 
 933 
 
 STREAM 
 
 neuralgia, rheumatism, and pains of syphilitic 
 origin. In asthma the leaves may be smoked 
 in a tobacco pipe. Locally stramonium is em- 
 ployed as an ointment or cataplasm in irritable 
 ulcers and inflamed surfaces. S., Extract of 
 (extractum stramonii, U. S. P.). Dose 3- gr. 
 (o.oi Gm.). S., Fluidextract of (fluidex- 
 tractum stramonii, U. S. P.). Dose i min. 
 (0.05 Cc). S. Ointment {unguentum stra- 
 monii, U. S. P.), an ointment made of stramo- 
 nium extract, diluted alcohol, hydrous wool-fat, 
 and benzoinated lard. S., Tincture of 
 (tinctura stramonii, U. S. P.). Dose 8 min. 
 (0.5 Cc). 
 
 Strangling. See Strangulation. 
 
 Strangulated (strong' -gu-la-ted). 1. Choked. 
 2. Compressed so that the circulation is ar- 
 rested, as strangulated hernia. 
 
 Strangulation (strang-gu-la'-shun) [strangu- 
 lare, to choke]. 1. The act of choking. 2. 
 Constriction of a part producing arrest of the 
 circulation, as strangulation of a hernia. 
 
 Strangury {strong' -gu-re) [orpayt;, a drop; oupov, 
 urine]. Painful urination, the urine being 
 voided drop by drop. 
 
 Strap. 1. A long band, as of adhesive plaster. 
 2. To compress a part by means of bands, es- 
 pecially bands of adhesive plaster. 
 
 Strasburger's Cell-plate. The equatorial 
 plate in which division of the nucleus occurs 
 during karyokinesis. 
 
 Strassburg's Test for Bile-acids. Dip filter- 
 paper into urine to which cane-sugar has been 
 added; dry it, and apply a drop of sulfuric 
 acid. In the presence of bile-acids a red col- 
 oration will be shown on the paper. For 
 this test the liquid must be free from albumin. 
 
 Stratification (strat-e-fik-a'-shun) [stratum; 
 facere, to make]. Arrangement in layers. 
 
 Stratified (strat'-e-fid) [see Stratification]. 
 Arranged in layers. 
 
 Stratiform (strat'-e-form) [stratum; forma, 
 form]. Formed into a layer. S. Fibrocar- 
 tilage, fibrocartilage lining bony grooves 
 through which the tendons of muscles pass. 
 
 Stratum (stra'-tum) [L., from sternere, to strew]. 
 A layer. S. bacillatum, S. bacillosum, S. 
 bacillorum, the bacillary layer, the layer of 
 rods and cones of the retina. S. chorioca- 
 pillare. See Tunica ruyschiana. S. cor- 
 neum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum, S. 
 malpighii. See under Skin. S. corticale. 
 See Cortex (3). S. cutaneum, the outer 
 dermic layer of the tympanic membrane. S. 
 cylindrorum, the bacillary layer of the retina. 
 S. episclerata, the part of Tenon's capsule 
 on the sclerotic coat. S. epitrichiale. See 
 Epitrichium. S. gelatinosum, the fourth 
 layer in the olfactory bulb, composed of 
 large ganglion-cells with branched processes. 
 Syn., Ganglion-cell layer. S. glomerulorum, 
 the layer of the olfactory lobe (the second 
 from the ventral side) containing the olfactory 
 glomerules. S. granulosum, a layer of 
 minute cells or one of cells containing many 
 granules. 1. The external granular layer of 
 the retina. 2. Meynert's name for the layer 
 
 of small, irregular cells composing the fourth 
 stratum of the cortex in the five-stratum type. 
 3. The layer of the olfactory lobe lying 
 between the medullary ring and the stratum 
 gelatinosum. 4. The layer of the epidermis 
 covering the rete mucosum. 5. A histologic 
 appearance in that portion of the dentin 
 immediately underlying the enamel and 
 cementum of a tooth. S. griseum centrale. 
 See Entocinerea. S. lacunosum, the inner 
 portion of the fifth or outer layer of the hip- 
 pocampus. S. lucidum, a translucent layer 
 of the epidermis consisting of irregular trans- 
 parent cells with traces of a nucleus. S. 
 moleculare. See Layer, Molecular. S. 
 mucosum. See Rete mucosum. S. ner- 
 veum of Henle, the layers of the retina exclu- 
 sive of the rods and cones. Syn. , Brucke's tunica 
 nervea. S. oriens, the third layer, counting 
 from within outward, of the hippocampus. S. 
 proligerum, the discus proligerus and cum- 
 ulus proligerus regarded as one. Syn., Mem- 
 brana cumuli. S. reticulatum, Arnold's, 
 the network formed by the fibers connecting 
 the occipital lobe with the thalamus before 
 they enter the latter. S. spinosum. See 
 Prickle-layer. Consecutive hypertrophy of 
 this layer constitutes acanthosis. S. vas- 
 culosum. See Tunica vasculosa. S. vasculo- 
 sum cutis, the subpapillary layer of the derma; 
 the part of the corium immediately below the 
 papillas. S. zonale, the superficial portion of 
 the fifth or outer layer of the hippocampus. 
 
 Straus' Sign. In facial paralysis from a cen- 
 tral cause the hypodermatic injection of pil- 
 ocarpin causes no appreciable difference in the 
 perspiration of the two sides, either as to time 
 or quantity, whereas there is a marked retar- 
 dation of the secretion on the affected side in 
 severe peripheral paralysis. 
 
 Strauss' Reaction. The injection of material 
 containing the bacillus of glanders into the ab- 
 dominal cavity of a male guineapig is fol- 
 lowed in a few days by a characteristic, 
 generally purulent, inflammation of the testes. 
 S.'s Sign, the administration of fatty food by 
 the mouth causes an increase in the amount of 
 fatty constituents in the effusion of chylous 
 ascites. 
 
 Strawberry-tongue. The characteristic tongue 
 of scarlatina, in which the vessels of 
 the fungiform papillas become turgid, caus- 
 ing the papillas to stand out as red points, in 
 marked contrast with the thick coating of fur 
 on the filiform papillas. 
 
 Streak (strek). A furrow, line, or stripe. S.s, 
 Knapp's Angioid, pigment streaks appearing 
 occasionally in the retina after hemorrhage. 
 S., Medullary. See Medullary Groove. S., 
 Meningitic. See Tache cerebrale. S., Prim- 
 itive, an opaque band extending some dis- 
 tance forward from the posterior margin of the 
 area pellucida, and forming the first notice- 
 able sign of the development of the blastoderm. 
 
 Stream (strem) [ME., streem]. To flow; ap- 
 plied to movement in protoplasm and in blood 
 corpuscles. 
 
STRENGTHENING PLASTER 
 
 934 
 
 STROBOSCOPIC 
 
 Strengthening Plaster. Emplastrum robo- 
 rans or iron-plaster. 
 
 Strephotome {stref'-o-tom) [ozpk(j>o, twist; 
 rifivetv, to cut]. An instrument shaped like a 
 corkscrew, used to secure union in the opera- 
 tion for the radical cure of hernia. 
 
 Strepto- {strep-to-) [orpsxroc, twisted]. A pre- 
 fix signifying twisted. 
 
 Streptoangina {strep-to-an-ji'-nah). A pseudo- 
 membranous deposit in the throat due to strep- 
 tococci (J. E. Walsh). Cf. Diphtheroid (2). 
 
 Streptobacillus {strep-to-bas-il'-us). A bacillus 
 forming twisted chains. 
 
 Streptobacteria {strep-to-bak-te' '-re-ah) [strepto-; 
 Panxriptov, bacterium]. Short, rod-shaped 
 bacteria forming chains. 
 
 Streptococcal, Streptococcic, Streptococcous 
 {strep-to-kok'-al, -ik, -us). Relating to or due 
 to streptococci. 
 
 Streptococcemia {strep-to-kok-se'-me-ah) [strep- 
 tococcus; aljxa, blood]. The presence of strep- 
 tococci in the blood. 
 
 Streptococcus {strep-to-kok'-us) [strepto-; 
 KOKnog, a kernel]. See under Bacteria. S.- 
 angina, angina due to streptococci. S.- 
 curve, the remitting temperature-curve in 
 hectic fever, supposed to depend upon the 
 streptotoccus (Petruschky). 
 
 Streptocolysin {strep-to-kol'-is-in) [streptococ- 
 cus; Xuetv, to loose]. A hemolysin produced 
 in cultures of streptococci. 
 
 Streptocosis {strep-to-ko'-sis). Infection by 
 streptococci. 
 
 Streptocyte {strep' -to-slt) [strepto-; kutoc, cell]. 
 A cell presenting a twisted appearance or pc- 
 curring with others in twisted chains; a strep- 
 tococcus. 
 
 Streptomycosis {strep-to-mi-ko'-sis) [strepto- 
 coccus; {iUKfjc, fungus]. Infection with strep- 
 tococci. 
 
 Streptopus {strep' -to-pus) [strepto-; nouc; 
 foot]. Twisted stalk, a genus of liliaceous 
 plants. S. distortus is indigenous to Europe 
 and America, and is used in infusion as a gar- 
 gle. 
 
 Streptosepticemia {strep-to-sep-tis-e'-me-ah) . 
 Septicemia due to invasion of streptococci. 
 
 Streptothrical {strep-to-thrik'-al). Relating to 
 or due to members of the genus Streptothrix. 
 
 Streptothrix {strep' -to-thriks). See Cladothrix 
 under Bacteria. 
 
 Stretcher {strech'-er). A cot or litter for carry- 
 ing the sick. 
 
 Stria {stri'-ah) [L.]. A streak or white line. 
 S.s, Acoustic, S., Auditory, transverse white 
 lines on the lower part of the floor of the 
 fourth ventricle, which unite with the audi- 
 tory nerve-roots. Striae gravidarum, the at- 
 rophic strias observed upon the abdomen in 
 pregnant women. S„, Hensen's. See Mem- 
 brane, Krause's. S.s, Lancisi's, Strias 
 longitudinales, long, slightly elevated lines 
 on the upper surface of the corpus callosum. 
 Striae medullares. See S.s, Acoustic. S. 
 medullaris, a band of white matter adjacent 
 to the taenia thalami (Barker). S. medullaris 
 thalami, an oblique furrow on the superior 
 
 aspect of the thalamus. Striae musculares, 
 the transverse markings of striated muscles. 
 Striae, Schreger's, Schreger's lines. S. ter- 
 minalis, taenia semicircularis. 
 
 Striate, Striated {stri'-dt, stri'-d-ted) [stria]. 
 Striped. S. Body, the corpus striatum. S. 
 Muscle. See under Muscle, and Muscular 
 Tissue. 
 
 Striation {stri-a'-shun) [stria]. 1. The state 
 of being striated. 2. A striated structure. S., 
 Tabby-cat. See Tabby-cat Striation. 
 
 Striatum. See Stratum. S. oriens. See 
 Stratum oriens. 
 
 Stricture {strik'-tur) [strictura, from stringere, to 
 draw tight]. A narrowing of a canal from ex- 
 ternal pressure, or as a result of inflammatory 
 or other changes in its walls. S., Cicatricial, 
 a stricture due to cicatricial tissue. S., Func- 
 tional. See S., Spasmodic. S., Imperme- 
 able, S., Impassable, one not permitting the 
 passage of an instrument. S., Irritable, one 
 in which the passage of an instrument causes 
 great pain. S., Organic, one due to structu- 
 ral changes in or about a canal. S., Spas- 
 modic, one due to muscular spasm. 
 
 Stricturotome {strik' -tu-ro- torn) [stricture; 
 rkjivscv, to cut]. An instrument for dividing 
 a stricture. 
 
 Stricturotomy {strik-tu-rot'-o-me) [see Stric- 
 turotome]. The operation of incising a stric- 
 ture. 
 
 Stridor {stri'-dor) [stridere, to make a creaking 
 sound]. A peculiar, harsh, vibrating sound 
 produced during expiration. S., Laryn- 
 geal, Congenital. Respiratory croaking (in 
 babies). 
 
 Stridulous {strid' -u-lus) [stridor]. Character- 
 ized by stridor. S. Laryngismus. See 
 Laryngismus stridulus. 
 
 Stringent {strin'-jent) [stringere, to bind]. 
 Binding. 
 
 Striocellular {stri-o-sel'-u-lar). Relating to or 
 composed of striated muscle-fiber and cells. 
 
 Stripe {strip) [ME., stripe, a stripe]. A 
 streak; a discolored mark. S., Bergmann's, 
 the conductor sonorus, one of the striae medul- 
 lares often seen running obliquely forward and 
 to the side. Ger., Klangstab. S., Gennari's. 
 SeeBaillarger's Layer. S.s of Retzius, dark 
 lines extending more or less parallel to the 
 free surface of the tooth, due to inequalities 
 in growth and density of the enamel. S., 
 Vicq d'Azyr's. See Baillarger's Layer. 
 
 Strobilus {strob'-il-us) [strobilus, a pine-cone]. 
 The tape-worm. 
 
 Stroboscope {stro'-bo-skdp) [orp6(3oc, a twisting; 
 oKone'cv, to view]. An instrument by which a 
 series of slightly different pictures presented 
 rapidly in succession is made to appear as a 
 continuous object in motion; a zoetrope. S., 
 Direct, one in which the figures and slits re- 
 volve in the same direction; a phenakistoscope. 
 S., Reverse, one in which the figures and 
 slits revolve in opposite directions; a de- 
 dalum. 
 
 Stroboscopic {strob-o-skop'-ik) [stroboscope]. 
 Pertaining to the stroboscope. 
 
STROBOSTEREOSCOPE 
 
 935 
 
 STRYCHNIN 
 
 Strobostereoscope (stro-bo-ster'-e-o-skop). See 
 Stereostroboscope. 
 
 Stroke (strok). A sudden attack; the word is used 
 colloquially for apoplexy and paralysis. 
 
 Stroma (stro'-mah) [ovpajfia, abed]. The tissue 
 forming the framework for the essential part 
 of an organ. S., Cancer, the fibrous-tissue 
 element of a cancer. S., His', the trabecular 
 framework of the mammary gland. S. of Rol- 
 let, an insoluble, spongy network forming the 
 structure of an erythrocyte, within the inter- 
 stices of which is embedded a soluble, finely 
 granular substance, the hemoglobin. 
 
 Strombodes jenneri (strom-bo 1 '-dez jen'-er-i). 
 A name proposed by Sjobring for the micro- 
 organism of vaccinia. 
 
 Stromeyer's Cephalhematocele. See under 
 Cephalhematocele. S.'s Splint. See Splint, 
 Stromeyer's. 
 
 Strongylus (stron' -pl-us) [oxpoxyuXoc, round]. 
 A genus of nematode worms found in the 
 lower animals, and occasionally in man. 
 
 Strontia (stron' -she-ah). Strontium oxid. 
 
 Strontium (stron' -she-um) [after Strontian, 
 in Scotland]. A metallic element belonging 
 to the group of alkaline earths. It has a 
 specific gravity of 2.5, an atomic weight of 
 86.94, and a valence of two. Symbol Sr. S. 
 Acetate, 2Sr(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 + H 2 0, a white crys- 
 talline powder, soluble in water, used as an 
 anthelmintic. Dose f-§ gr. (0.016-0.05 Gm.). 
 S. Arsenite, Sr(As0 2 ) 2 +4.H 2 0, a white pow- 
 der, soluble in water, used as an alterative 
 and tonic in skin diseases and malarial con- 
 ditions. Dose jq— ys gr. (0.002-0.004 Gm.). 
 S. Bromid (strontii bromidum, U. • S. P.), 
 SrBr 2 .6H 2 0, has been used in epilepsy, 
 diabetes, gastrectasis, rheumatoid arthritis, 
 and lithemia. Dose 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
 S. and Caffein Sulfonate, (C 8 H 9 N 4 2 .S0 3 ) 2 - 
 Sr, soluble in water,. used as a diuretic. Syn., 
 Symphorol strontium. S. Glycerinophos- 
 phate, a white powder, soluble in water, 
 containing 26-27% °f phosphoric acid. S. 
 Iodid (strontii iodidum, U. S. P.), SrI 2 -.6H 2 0, 
 is used like the other oxids. S. Lactate, 
 Sr(C 3 H 5 3 ) 2 .3H 2 0, is used in nephritis, al- 
 buminuria, rheumatism, and gout. Dose 
 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). S. Loretinate 
 (basic), Sr . I . O . C 9 H 4 N . SO s , fine, bright 
 needles, slightly soluble in water, decomposed 
 at 300 C. S. Loretinate (normal), Sr(I.OH.- 
 C 9 H 4 N.S0 3 ) 2 .H 2 0, orange-red, prismatic 
 crystals, sparingly soluble in water. S. 
 Oxid, strontia, SrO, strontium combined with 
 oxygen. S. Phosphate, Sr 3 (P0 4 ) 2 , a white 
 powder, devoid of taste, soluble in acids; 
 used as a nutritive and tonic. Dose 10—30 gr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.). S. Salicylate (strontii 
 salicylas, U. S. P.), Sr(C 7 H 5 3 ) 2 2H 2 0, white 
 crystals, soluble in water; used in gout, 
 chorea, etc. Dose 10-40 gr. (0.65-2.6 Gm.). 
 Strophanthin (strof-an'-thin) [strophanthus] 
 Strophanthinum (U. S. P.), C 20 H 34 O ]0 . A. 
 toxic alkaloid, soluble in water and alcohol, de- 
 rived from strophanthus. Dose 3"jjo~2Tro gr. 
 (0.0002-0.0003 Gm.). S. Tannate, a yel- 
 
 lowish, amorphous powder containing 59% 
 of strophanthin, soluble in water; used as a 
 heart tonic. Dose i\Q~i~o g r - (0.0004- 
 0.001 Gm.). 
 
 Strophanthus (strof-an'-thus) [ozpofoc, a twisted 
 band; avdoc, flower]. A genus of plants of 
 the order Apocynaceoe, some of the species of 
 which are used for the preparation of arrow- 
 poison in Africa. The strophanthus of the 
 U. S. P. is the ripe seed of S. kombe; it contains 
 a crystalline glucosid, strophanthin, and an 
 alkaloid, inein. Strophanthus is a muscle- 
 poison, but in small doses is a cardiac and per- 
 haps a vascular stimulant. It is used in the 
 same cases as digitalis. S., Tincture of 
 (tinctura strophanthi, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 
 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). 
 
 Strophantism (stro - fan' - tizm). Poisoning 
 from strophanthin; the symptoms resemble 
 those of digitalism. 
 
 Strophulus (stroj'-u-lus) [orpofoc, a twisted 
 band]. A form of miliaria occurring in in- 
 fants. Syn., Red gum; Tooth-rash. S. pru- 
 riginosus, an eruption occurring in children, 
 and characterized by disseminated, intensely 
 itching papules. 
 
 Structural (struk'-tu-ral) [structura, structure]. 
 Pertaining to or affecting the structure. 
 
 Struempell's Disease. 1. Poliencephalitis. 
 2. Chronic ankylosing inflammation of the 
 vertebral column. S.'s Type of Spastic 
 Paralysis, the hereditary, familiar form of 
 spastic spinal paralysis. 
 
 Struempell-Leichtenstern's Disease. Acute 
 encephalitis of infancy. 
 
 Struma (stru'-mah) [L.]. 1. Scrofula. 2. 
 Goiter. Strumae lipomatodes aberratae 
 renis, Grawitz's term for a group of new- 
 growths of kidney, usually benign, but, at 
 times, serving as the foci of origin of malig- 
 nant tumors. Regarded by some pathologists 
 as endotheliomas, by others as adrenal rests 
 (Cf. under Rest). Grawitz includes here: 
 Renal adenoma (Klebs, Sabourin) ; alveolar 
 renal adenoma (Weichselbaum and Green- 
 ish) ; adenoma carcinomatodes renis (Klebs) ; 
 angioma cavern osum renis; myxolipoma 
 telangiectodes incapsulatum renis utrisque; 
 myxoma lipomatodes renis; myxoma renis; 
 strumae suprarenales (Virchow). 
 
 Strumiprival, Strumiprivous (stru-mi-pri' - 
 val, -vus) [struma; privare, to deprive]. 
 Deprived of the thyroid; due to removal of 
 the thyroid; thyroprival. 
 
 Strumous (stru'-mus) [struma]. Scrofulous. 
 
 Struve's Test for Blood in Urine. To the 
 urine, previously treated with ammonia or 
 caustic potash, add tannin and acetic acid 
 until the mixture has an acid reaction. In 
 the presence of blood a dark precipitate is 
 formed. When this is filtered and dried, the 
 hemin crystals may be obtained from the dry 
 residue by adding ammonium chlorid and 
 glacial acetic acid. 
 
 Strychnin (strik'-nin) [see Strychnos]. Strych- 
 nina (U. S. P.), C 21 H 22 N 2 2 . One of the 
 alkaloids of nux vomica. Dose ^otV S r - 
 
STRYCHNIN 
 
 936 
 
 STURM'S FOCAL INTERVAL 
 
 (o.ooi 1-0.0033 Gm.); hypodermatically in 
 chronic alcoholism, ^"T^" gr. (0.003-0.006 
 Gm.). S. Acetate, C 21 H ?2 N 2 2 .C 2 H 4 2 , 
 small white crystals, soluble in 96 parts of 
 water. Use and doses the same as the alkaloid. 
 S. Arsenate, C 21 H 22 N 2 2 .As 2 5 , a white, 
 crystalline powder with bitter taste, soluble 
 in 14 parts of cold water, 5 parts of hot water. 
 It is used as a tonic and alterative in tuber- 
 culosis, malaria, etc. Dose sV~ Te g r - (0.001- 
 0.004 Gm.); hypodermatically, 0.5% in 
 liquid paraffin; of this 4-15 min. (0.25-0.9 Cc.) 
 daily. S. Arsenite, (C 21 H 22 N 2 2 ) 2 As 2 3 , 
 a white, crystalline powder, soluble in 10 
 parts of boiling water. It is tonic, alterative, 
 and antiperiodic. Dose 5 ~ i 6 gr. (0.001-0.004 
 Gm.); subcutaneous dose 4-15 drops of a 
 0.5% solution in liquid paraffin. S. Bisac- 
 charinat e , S . -diorthosulf amin -benzoate , 
 used as is the arsenite. S. Camphorate, 
 C 21 H 22 N 2 O 2 .C 10 H 16 O 4 , small white crystals or 
 crystalline powder soluble in water, used as is 
 the alkaloid. S. Citrate, C 21 H 22 N 2 2 . C 6 H 8 7 , 
 white crystals, soluble in water; usage and 
 dosage the same as the alkaloid. S. Ferri- 
 citrate, iron and strychnin citrate. S. Hy- 
 drid, obtained by the action of metallic 
 sodium on strychnin in a boiling alcoholic 
 solution and differing in physiologic action 
 from strychnin; it may, therefore, be used as 
 a physiologic antidote in strychnin-poisoning. 
 S. Hydrobromate, C 21 H 22 N 2 2 .HBr, white 
 acicular crystals, soluble in 32 parts of water, 
 used as a tonic and sedative. Dose 3V" rV gr- 
 (0.002-0.005 Gm.). S. Hydrochlorate, 
 C 21 .H 22 N 2 2 .HC1+ 3H 2 0, white needles, solu- 
 ble in 50 parts of water at 22 C. Usage 
 and doses the same as the alkaloid. S. 
 Hydroiodate, C 21 H 22 N 2 2 .HI0 3 , white 
 crystals, soluble in water. Used as is the 
 alkaloid. S.Hypophosphite, a white powder, 
 used as a tonic in tuberculosis. Dose -gV" tV g r - 
 (0.002-0.005 Gm.). S. with Iron and 
 Quinin Citrate, iron and quinin citrate with 
 strychnin; greenish-brown, transparent scales, 
 soluble in water, and containing 3.4% of 
 pure strychnin. It is tonic and antiperiodic. 
 Dose 3-7 gr. (0.2-0.45 Gm.). S. Lactate, 
 C 2l H 22 N 2 2 . C 3 H 6 3 , a white, crystalline pow- 
 der, soluble in water. Usage and dosage 
 the same as the alkaloid. S. Nitrate 
 {strychnines nitras, U. S. P.), C 2 iH 22 N 2 02,- 
 NH0 3 , silky needles, soluble in 50 parts of 
 water, 60 parts of alcohol, or 2 parts of boiling 
 water or alcohol. Usage and dosage the same 
 as the alkaloid. S. Oleate, a mixture of 
 strychnin in oleic acid, soluble in ether and 
 oleic acid; it is used in the external admin- 
 istration of strychnin. S.-orthosulfamin- 
 benzoate. See '5. Saccharinate. S. Phenol- 
 sulfate. See 5. Sulfocarbolate. S. Phos- 
 phate, <;C 21 H 22 N 2 2 ) 2 H 3 P0 4 +9H 2 0, a white, 
 crystalline powder, soluble in water. Usage 
 and dosage the same as the alkaloid. S. 
 Saccharinate, C 21 H 22 N 2 2 .C 6 H 4 (S0 2 )(CO)- 
 NH, a true salt of strychnin and saccharin; 
 a white, sweet powder, used in all cases where 
 
 the alkaloid is indicated in doses one-third 
 larger. S. Salicylate, C 21 H 22 N 2 2 .C,H fi 3 , 
 a white powder, soluble in water, recommended 
 in rheumatism and chorea. Dose about the 
 same as the alkaloid. S. Sulfate (strych- 
 nines sulphas, U. _ S. P.), (C 21 H 22 N,0 2 ) 2 .H 2 - 
 S0 4 +5H 2 0, white, odorless, very bitter 
 prisms, which effloresce in dry air; soluble in 
 50 parts of water, 109 parts of alcohol, 2 
 parts of boiling water, or 8.5 parts of boiling 
 alcohol; melt at 200 C. The action differs but 
 slightly from the alkaloid. Dose y a " ~ia g 1 "- 
 (0.002-0.005 Gm.). S, Sulfocarbolate, S. 
 Sulfophenate, a white, crystalline powder, 
 soluble in water or alcohol. S. and Zinc 
 Hydroiodate,C 2i H 22 N 2 2 .HI.ZnI 2 , small white 
 crystals, soluble in water. 
 
 Strychninism (strik' -nin-izm) [strychnin]. The 
 state of being under the influence of strych- 
 nin. 
 
 Strychnize (strik' -nlz) . To bring under the 
 influence of strychnin. 
 
 Strychnos (strik 1 '-nos) [oxpuyyog, the nightshade]. 
 A genus of the Loganiacece. S. icaja is found 
 in the Gaboon region; it contains strychnin 
 in the bark, leaves and root. From the stem 
 the arrow-poison, tarfa, toomba, M'boundou, 
 n'caza, icaja, or akanga, is prepared. The 
 seeds of S. ignatii (St. Ignatius' beans) of 
 the Philippines act in the same manner as 
 nux vomica, but contain more strychnin and 
 less brucin than it does. S. potatorum 
 is indigenous to the East Indies. The seeds, 
 nirmali, chillij, chilbing, are used largely to 
 clear muddy water. They contain no strych- 
 nin nor brucin, and are used as a remedy in 
 diabetes and gonorrhea. The fruit is em- 
 ployed in dysentery. The bark of S. pseudo- 
 quina, of South America, contains no poisonous 
 alkaloid, but a bitter substance, and is used 
 as a substitute for quinin. S. tieute is a species 
 of Java; from the root-bark the Javanese ar- 
 row-poison, upasradju ortschetsik, containing 
 1.5 % strychnin and a little brucin, is prepared. 
 The seed and leaves contain 1.4% of strychnin 
 and only traces of brucin. S. toxifera, of 
 Guiana, furnishes curara. 
 
 Stub-thumb. Abbreviation and clubbing of 
 the phalanx of the thumb. 
 
 Stump [Icel., stumpr, stump]. The portion of 
 a limb or other part left attached to the body 
 after an amputation. 
 
 Stun [AS., stunian, to make a din]. To render 
 temporarily insensible, as by a blow. 
 
 Stupe (stup) [stupa, tow]. A cloth used for 
 applying heat or counterirritation ; especially 
 a cloth wrung out of hot water and sprinkled 
 with a counterirritant as turpentine-stupe. 
 
 Stupefacient, Stupef active (stu-pe-fa'-shent, 
 stu-pe-fak' -tiv) [stupor; facere, to make]. 
 Narcotic. 
 
 Stupor (stu'-por) [L.]. A state of partial un- 
 consciousness from which the individual can 
 be roused. 
 
 Sturm's Focal Interval. The interval be- 
 tween the principal focal lines of a cylindric 
 lens. 
 
 '< 
 
 J 
 
STUTTERING 
 
 937 
 
 SUBCONJUNCTIVAL 
 
 Stuttering (stut'-er-ing) [Icel, stauta, to stutter]. 
 A hesitation in speech due to an inability 
 to enunciate the syllables without repeated 
 efforts. 
 
 Sty, Stye (sti). See Hordeolum. 
 
 Style, Stylet (stil, sti-let') [ozukoc, pillar]. 
 i. A probe. 2. A wire inserted into a cath- 
 eter or cannula in order to stiffen the instru- 
 ment or to perforate the tissues. 
 
 Stylo- (sti-lo-) [otuXoc, pillar]. A prefix de- 
 noting pertaining to the styloid process of 
 the temporal bone. 
 
 Styloglossus (sti-lo- glos f -us) . See under Muscle. 
 
 Stylohyoid (sti-lo -hi' -oid) [stylo-; hyoid]. 1. 
 Pertaining to the styloid process of the tem- 
 poral bone and the hyoid bone, as the stylo- 
 hyoid muscle. See under Muscle. 2. Per- 
 taining to the stylohyoid muscle. 
 
 Styloid (sti'-loid) [oruXoc, pillar; eldoc, like]. 
 Resembling a stylus. 
 
 Stylomastoid (sti-lo-mas' '-toid) [stylo-; mas- 
 toid]. Pertaining to the styloid and mastoid 
 processes. 
 
 Stylomaxillary (sti-lo-maks f -il-a-re) [stylo-; 
 maxilla]. Pertaining to the styloid process 
 and the maxilla. 
 
 Stylopharyngeus (sti-lo- far-in-je' -us). See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Stylus (sti'-lus) [L., "a stake"]. A pointed 
 instrument for making applications. 
 
 Stype (step or sti-pe) [Ft.; otutzt), stiffness]. A 
 tampon or pledget, especially such as is used 
 in producing local anesthesia. 
 
 Styphage, Stypage (ste-fahzh, ste-pahzh). The 
 production of local anesthesia by an applica- 
 tion made with a stype. S., Bailly's, a revul- 
 sive, the application of cotton pledgets wet 
 with methyl chlorid. 
 
 Styptic (stip'-tik) [otuttukoc, astringent]. 1. 
 Checking hemorrhage by contracting the 
 blood-vessels. 2. An agent that checks hem- 
 orrhage by causing contraction of the blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Stypticin (stip f -tis-in) . See Cotarnin Hydro- 
 chlorate. 
 
 Styracin (sti'-ra-sin). See under Styrax. 
 
 Styracol (sti'-ra-kol). Guaiacol cinnamate, 
 C 6 H 4 (OCH 3 )C 9 H 7 2 . It is given internally in 
 catarrhal offections of the digestive tract and 
 in pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 Styrax (sti'-raks) [avupa^, storax]. Storax; 
 a balsam obtained from the inner bark of 
 Liquidambar orientalis, or oriental sweet-gum. 
 It contains a volatile oil, styrol, several resins, 
 an amorphous substance called storesin, 
 cinnamic acid, and styracin (the cinnamate of 
 cinnamyl). It is stimulant, expectorant, 
 and antiseptic, acting like benzoin and tolu, 
 and is used in bronchial affections and catarrh 
 of the urinary passages. Externally it is an 
 antiseptic and parasiticide. It is a constituent 
 of friars' balsam. Dose 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 
 Gm.). 
 
 Styrol (sti'-rol), C„H 8 . Cinnamene; phenyl- 
 ethylene. A colorless, highly refractive liquid 
 hydrocarbon, obtained by heating styracin 
 with calcium hydrate. 
 
 Styrone (sti'-ron) [styrax]. Cinnamic alcohol, 
 C 9 H 10 O. S. Crystals, S., Crystallized, 
 cinnamic alcohol. 
 
 Styryl Alcohol (sti'-ril). See Styrone. 
 
 Sub- [L.]. A prefix denoting under or beneath; 
 in chemistry, a prefix denoting — (1) the lower 
 of two compounds of the same elements; 
 (2) a basic salt. 
 
 Subacetate (sub-as' -et-dt) [sub-; acetum, vin- 
 egar]. A basic acetate. 
 
 Subacid (sub-as'-id) [sub-; acidum, acid]. 
 Moderately acid. 
 
 Subacidity (sub-as-id'-it-e) [subacid]. A con- 
 dition of moderate 'acidity. 
 
 Subacromial (sub-ak-ro' -me-al) [sub-; acro- 
 mial]. Below the acromion. 
 
 Subacute (sub-ak-uf) [sub-; acutus, sharp]. 
 Moderately acute. 
 
 Subagitatrix (sub-aj-it-a'-triks) [L.]. One who 
 practises tribadism. 
 
 Subancestral (sub-an-sest'-ral). Not in the 
 direct line of descent. 
 
 Subanconeus (sub-an-ko-ne'-us). See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Subaponeurotic (sub-ap-on-u-rot'-ik) [sub-; 
 aponeurosis]. Beneath an aponeurosis. 
 
 Subarachnoid (sub-ar-ak'-noid) [sub-; arach- 
 noid]. Beneath the arachnoid membrane, as 
 the subarachnoid space. 
 
 Subarcuate (sub-ar'-ku-at) [sub-; arcus, an 
 arc]. Slightly arcuate. 
 
 Subastragalar, Subastragaloid (sub-as-trag'- 
 al-ar, sub-as-trag' -al-oid) [sub-; astragalus]. 
 Below the astragalus. 
 
 Subatloidean (sub-at-loid'-e-an). Located be- 
 neath the atlas. 
 
 Subatomic (sub-at-om' -ik) . Underlying atoms. 
 
 Subaudition (sub-aw-dish'-on) [sub-; audire, to 
 hear]. . The act or ability of comprehending 
 what is not expressed. 
 
 Subbrachy cephalic (sub-bra-ke-sef-a' -lik) . 
 
 Having a cephalic index from 8o° to 84 . 
 
 Subcalcarine (sub-kal' -ka-ren) [sub-; calcarine]. 
 Situated beneath the calcarine fissure, as the 
 subcalcarine convolution. S. Convolution, 
 a narrow convolution ventrad of the cuneus 
 and lying between the collateral and calcarine 
 fissures. 
 
 Subcapsular (sub-kap'-su-lar) [sub-; capsula, 
 capsule]. Beneath a capsule. 
 
 Subcarbonate (sub-kar'-bon-at) [sub-; carbonate]. 
 A basic carbonate. 
 
 Subclavian (sub-kla' -ve-an) [sub-; clavis, key]. 
 Lying under the clavicle, as the subclavian 
 artery. 
 
 Subclavicula (sub-kla-vik'-u-lah). The first 
 rib. 
 
 Subclavicular (sub-kla-vik'-u-lar) . Beneath the 
 clavicle. 
 
 Subclavius (sub-kla' '-ve-us) . See under Muscle. 
 
 Subcollateral (sub-kol-at'-er-al) [sub-; collateral]. 
 Ventrad of the collateral fissure of the brain. 
 S. Gyrus, a convolution connecting the oc- 
 cipital and temporal lobes. 
 
 Subconjunctival (sub-kon-jungk-ti r -val) [sub-; 
 conjunctiva]. Situated beneath the con- 
 junctiva. 
 
SUBCONSCIOUS 
 
 938 
 
 SUBKATABOLISM 
 
 Subconscious {sub-kon'-shus). Imperfectly 
 conscious. 
 
 Subconsciousness {sub-kon' -shus-nes) [sub- 
 conscious]. Imperfect consciousness; that 
 state in which mental processes take place 
 without the mind being distinctly conscious 
 of its own activity. 
 
 Subcoracoid {sub-kor' -ak-oid) [sub-; coracoid]. 
 Situated below the coracoid process. 
 
 Subcortical {sub-kor' -tik-al) [sub-; cortex]. Be- 
 neath the cortex. 
 
 Subcranial {sub-kra' '-ne-aT) [sub-; Kpavcov, cra- 
 nium]. Situated beneath the cranium. 
 
 Subcrepitant {sub-krep' -it-ant) [sub-; crepitate, 
 to make a crackling noise]. Almost crep- 
 itant, as subcrepitant rale. See Rale, Sub- 
 crepitant. 
 
 Subcrepitation {sub-krep-it-a'-shun). An in- 
 distinctly crepitant sound. 
 
 Subcrureus {sub-kru-re 1 '-us). See under Muscle. 
 
 Subculture {sub-kul'-tur) [sub-; culture]. In 
 bacteriology, a secondary culture made from 
 a primary culture. 
 
 Subcutaneous {sub-ku-ta'-ne-us) [sub-; cuta- 
 neous]. Beneath the skin; hypodermatic. 
 
 Subcuticular {sub-ku-tik'-u-lar) [sub-; cutis, 
 skin]. Beneath the epidermis, as a subcuticu- 
 lar suture. 
 
 Subcutine {sub-ku'-ten). Paraphenolsulfonate 
 of paraamidobenzoic ethyl ester; small acicular 
 crystals melting at 195. 6° C; soluble in 100 
 times its weight in water. Its solutions can be 
 sterilized. It is recommended as a local anes- 
 thetic. 
 
 Subdiaphragmatic {sub-di-a-frag-mat'-ik) 
 
 [sub-; diaphragm]. Under the diaphragm. 
 
 Subdicrotic {sub-di-krot'-ik). Obscurely di- 
 crotic. 
 
 Subduction {sub-duk' -shun) [sub-; ducere, to 
 lead]. Maddox's term for deorsumduction. 
 
 Subdural {sub-du'-ral) [sub-; dura]. Beneath 
 the dura. 
 
 Subencephalon {sub-en-sef '-al-on) [sub-; 
 ifukcfiaXov, brain]. The medulla oblongata, 
 pons, and corpora quadrigemina taken to- 
 gether. 
 
 Subendocardial {sub-en-do-kar' -de-al) [sub-; 
 endocardium]. Beneath the endocardium. 
 
 Subendothelium {sub-en-do-the' -le-um). The 
 layer of connective-tissue cells between the 
 mucosa and the epithelium of the bladder, 
 intestine, and bronchi. 
 
 Subendymal {sub-en' -dim-at). Beneath the 
 ependyma. 
 
 Subepidermal, Subepidermatic, Subepi- 
 dermic {sub-ep-e-der* '-mal, sub-ep-e-der-mat' - 
 ik, sub-ep-e-der 1 '-mik) [sub-; epidermis]. 
 Situated beneath the epidermis. 
 
 Subepithelial (sub-ep-e-the'-le-al) [sub-; epithe- 
 lium]. Situated under an epithelial surface. 
 
 Suberin {su' -ber-in) . See Cutin (1). 
 
 Subese {sub'-ez) [sub-; ed'ere, to eat]. Underfed; 
 thin; the opposite of obese. 
 
 Subfalciform {sub- fal'-se- form) [sub-; falca, a 
 sickle]. Somewhat sickle-shaped. 
 
 Subfascial {sub-fash' -e-al) [sub-; fascia]. Be- 
 neath the fascia. 
 
 Subfebrile {sub-feb'-ril) [sub-; febris, fever]. 
 Slightly febrile. 
 
 Subflavor {sub-fla'-vor). A secondary or sub- 
 ordinate flavor. 
 
 Subflavous {sub-fla'-vus) [sub-; flavus, yellow]. 
 Somewhat yellow. S. Ligament, the liga- 
 ment of yellowish elastic material found be- 
 tween the laminas of adjacent vertebras. 
 
 Subgallate {sub-gal' -lat). A basic salt of gallic 
 acid. S., Bismuth. See Dermatol. 
 
 Subgemmal {sub-jem'-al). Beneath a taste-bud. 
 
 Subgeneric {sub-jen-er'-ik). Relating to a sub- 
 genus. 
 
 Subgeniculate {sub-jen-ik'-u-ldt). Incom- 
 pletely geniculate. 
 
 Subgenus {sub-je'-nus). A subordinate genus, 
 a subdivision of a genus higher than a species. 
 
 Subglenoid {sub-gle'-noid) [sub-; glenoid]. Be- 
 neath the glenoid fossa, as subglenoid dislo- 
 cation of the humerus. 
 
 Subglossal {sub-glos'-al) . See Hypoglossal. 
 
 Subhyaloid {suk-hi'-al-oid). Beneath the hy- 
 aloid membrane of the eye. 
 
 Subhyoid {sub-hi'-oid) [sub-; hyoid]. Beneath 
 the hyoid bone. S. Bursa, a bursa lying 
 between the thyrohyoid membrane and hyoid 
 bone and the conjoint insertion of the omo- 
 hyoid, sternohyoid, and stylohyoid muscle. 
 Syn., B oyer's bursa. 
 
 Subiculum {sub-ik' -u-lum) [subex, a layer]. 
 The uncinate convolution. 
 
 Subinflammation {sub-in-flam-a'-shun) [sub-; 
 inflammation], A slight degree of inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 Subintrance {sub-in' -trans) [subintrare, to enter 
 secretly]. Anticipation of recurrence. 
 
 Subintrant {sub-in' -trant). Entering secretly; 
 applied to malarial fevers in which a new 
 paroxysm begins before the termination of 
 the preceding one. 
 
 Subinvolution {sub-in-vo-lu' -shun) [sub-; invo- 
 lutio, a rolling up]. Imperfect involution. 
 S. of the Uterus, the imperfect contraction 
 of the uterus after delivery. 
 
 Subiodid {sub-i'-o-did). That iodid of a series 
 having the least iodin. 
 
 Subjacent {sub-ja' -sent) [sub-; jacere, to lie]. 
 Lying beneath. 
 
 Subject {sub'-jekt) [sub-; jacere, to throw]. 1. 
 An individual that serves for purposes of ex- 
 periment or study, or that is under observation 
 or treatment. 2. A cadaver. 
 
 Subjective {sub-jek'-tiv) [subject]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to the individual himself. 2. Of symptoms, 
 experienced by the patient himself, and not 
 amenable to physical exploration. S. Sen- 
 sation, one not caused by external stimuli. 
 
 Subjectivity {sub-jek-tiv' -it-e) [subjicere, to 
 throw under]. Illusiveness. 
 
 Subjectoscope {sub-jek'-to-skdp). An instru- 
 ment for examining subjective visual sensa- 
 tions. 
 
 Subkatabolism {sub-kat-ab'-ol-izm). Katabolic 
 stasis, a condition marked by inactivity, 
 devitalization, and premature senility of the 
 cells due to suboxidation, excessive strain, 
 fatigue, etc. 
 
SUBLAMIN 
 
 939 
 
 SUBSCAPULAR 
 
 Sublamin {sub' -lam-in) . A soluble compound 
 of mercury sulfate and ethylenediamin con- 
 taining 43 % of mercury. It is used as a dis- 
 infectant and intramuscularly in syphilis. 
 Dose 2-6 dr. (7.7-23.3 Cc.) of 1 % solution 
 in normal salt solution. 
 
 Sublatio (sub-la' -she-o) [L.]. Removal. S. 
 retinae, detachment of the retina. 
 
 Sublimate (sub' -lim-at) [sublimare, to lift up 
 high]. A substance obtained by sublimation. 
 S., Corrosive, mercuric chlorid. See Mer- 
 cury Bichlorid. 
 
 Sublimation (sub-lim-a' -shun) . The vapor- 
 ization and condensation of a volatile solid. 
 
 Sublime (sub-lim') [see Sublimate']. 1. To sub- 
 ject to sublimation. 2. To undergo subli- 
 mation. 
 
 Sublingual (sub-lin'-gwal) [sub-; lingua, 
 tongue]. 1. Lying beneath the tongue. 2. 
 Pertaining to the parts lying beneath the 
 tongue. 
 
 Sublinguitis (sub-lin-gwi'-tis) [sub-; lingua, 
 tongue; ate, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the sublingual gland. 
 
 Sublobular (sub-lob' -u-lar) [sub-; lobule]. Sit- 
 uated beneath a lobule. S. Veins, the rad- 
 icles of the hepatic veins, situated at the base 
 of a cluster of lobules. 
 
 Subluxation (sub-luks-a'-shun) [sub-; luxation]. 
 Incomplete luxation. 
 
 Submammary (sub-mam' -a-re) [sub-; mamma, 
 breast]. Situated beneath the breast. 
 
 Submarginal (sub-mar' -jin-al) [sub-; margin]. 
 Situated near the border or margin. 
 
 Submarine (sub' -mar-en) [sub-; marine]. A 
 dental term applied to conditions and ma- 
 terials in the treatment and management 
 of which the parts are filled with the fluids 
 of the mouth. 
 
 Submaxillary (sub-maks' -il-a-re) [sub-; max- 
 illa]. 1. Lying beneath the lower maxilla, 
 as the submaxillary gland. 2. Pertaining 
 to the submaxillary gland. 
 
 Submaxillitis (sub-maks-il-i'-tis). Inflamma- 
 tion of the submaxillary gland. 
 
 Submeningeal (sub-men-in'-je-at). Beneath 
 the meninges. 
 
 Submental (sub-men' -tat) [sub-; mentum, chin]. 
 Situated under the chin. 
 
 Submerge (sub-merf) [sub-; mergere, to dip]. 
 To place under the surface of a liquid. 
 
 Submersion (sub-mer' -shun) [submerge]. The 
 
 • act of submerging; the condition of being 
 under the surface of a liquid. 
 
 Submesaticephalic (sub-mes-at-e-sef-a'-lik) . 
 Having a cephalic index of 75° to 7 6°. 
 
 Submorphous (sub-mor' -jus) [sub-; [J-opcfyfj, 
 form]. Having the characters both of a 
 crystalline and of an amorphous body; ap- 
 plied to calculi. 
 
 Submucous (sub-mu'-kus) [sub-; mucous]. Sit- 
 uated beneath a mucous membrane. 
 
 Subnasal (sub-na'-zal) [sub-; nasus, nose]. 
 Situated below the nose. S. Point. See 
 under Craniometric Point. 
 
 Subnitrate (sub-ni'-trat) [sub-; nitrate]. A 
 basic nitrate. 
 
 Subnormal (sub-nor'-mal) [sub-; norma, rule]. 
 Below normal. 
 
 Subnotochordal (sub-no-to-kord'-al). Below 
 the notochord. 
 
 Subnucleus (sub-nu' -kle-us) [sub-; nucleus]. 
 Any one of the smaller groups of cells into 
 which a large nerve-nucleus is divided by the 
 passage through it of nerve-bundles. 
 
 Suboccipital (sub-ok-sip'-it-al) [sub-; occiput]. 
 Situated beneath the occiput. 
 
 Suboxid (sub-oks'-id) [sub-; 6£uc, acid]. One of 
 two oxids containing the less oxygen. 
 
 Suboxidation (sub-oks-id-a'-shun). Deficient 
 oxidation. 
 
 Subpapular (sub-pap' -u-lar). Indistinctly pap- 
 ular. 
 
 Subparietal (sub-par-i' -et-al) [sub-; paries, 
 wall]. Situated beneath the parietal bone, 
 convolution, or fissure. 
 
 Subpatellar (sub-pat-el' -ar) [sub-; patella, knee- 
 cap]. Situated beneath the patella. 
 
 Subpeduncular (sub-pe-dung' -ku-lar) [sub-; pe- 
 dunculus, peduncle]. Situated beneath a 
 peduncle. 
 
 Subpericardial (sub-per-e-kar'-de-al) [sub-; 
 pericardium]. Situated beneath the peri- 
 cardium. 
 
 Subpericranial (sub-per-e-kra'-ne-al). Be- 
 neath the pericranium. 
 
 Subperiosteal (sub-per-e-os' -te-al) [sub-; peri- 
 osteum]. Beneath the periosteum. 
 
 Subperitoneal (sub-per-e-ton-e'-al) [sub-; peri- 
 toneum]. Beneath the peritoneum. 
 
 Subperitoneoabdominal (sub-per-it-on-e-o-ab- 
 dom'-in-al). Beneath the abdominal perito- 
 neum. 
 
 Subperitoneopelvic (sub-per-it-on-e-o-peV- 
 
 vik). Beneath the peritoneum of the pelvis. 
 
 Subpersonal (sub-per'-son-al). Having indi- 
 viduality in a very slight degree. 
 
 Subpetrosal (sub-pet-ro'-sal). Below the pet- 
 rosa. 
 
 Subphrenic (sub-Jren'-ik). Synonym of Sub- 
 diaphragmatic. 
 
 Subplacenta (sub-pla-sent'-ah). The decidua 
 vera. 
 
 Subplantigrade (sub-plant' -e-grad). Incom- 
 pletely plantigrade, walking with the heel 
 slightly elevated. 
 
 Subpleural (sub-plu'-ral) [sub-; pleura]. Be- 
 neath the pleura. 
 
 Subpontine (sub-pon' -tin) [sub-; pons]. Be- 
 neath the pons. 
 
 Subpreputial (sub-pre-pu' -she-al) [sub-; pre- 
 putium, prepuce]. Beneath the prepuce. 
 
 Subpubic (sub-pu'-bik) [sub-; pubes, pubis]. 
 Situated beneath the pubic arch or symphysis. 
 
 Subpulmonary (sub-puV -mon-a-re) [sub-; pul- 
 mo, the lung]. On the ventral side of the 
 lungs. 
 
 Subretinal (sub-ret 1 '-in-aT) [sub-; retina]. Be- 
 neath the retina. 
 
 Subsalt. A basic salt. 
 
 Subsaturation (sub-sat-u-ra' -shun) . Incom- 
 plete saturation. 
 
 Subscapular (sub-ska p f -u-lar) [sub-; scapula]. 
 1. Beneath the scapula, as the subscap- 
 
SUBSCAPULARS 
 
 940 
 
 SUBTROCHLEAR 
 
 ular muscle, or subscapularis. 2. Pertaining 
 to the subscapular muscle. 
 
 Subscapularis {sub-skap-u-la'-ris). See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Subscleral {sub-skle'-ral). Beneath the sclera. 
 
 Subscription {sub-skrip' -shun) [sub-; scribere, 
 to write]. That part of a prescription con- 
 taining the directions to the pharmacist, in- 
 dicating how the ingredients are to be mixed 
 and prepared. 
 
 Subsensation {sub-sen-sa'-shun). A sub- 
 ordinate sensation. 
 
 Subseptal {sub-sep'-tal). Situated below a 
 septum. 
 
 Subseptate {sub-sep'-tat) [sub-; septum, a hedge]. 
 Partially divided. 
 
 Subserous {sub-se'-rus) [sub-; serous]. Beneath 
 a serous membrane. 
 
 Subserrate {sub-ser'-at). Slightly serrate. 
 
 Subsibilant {sub-sib' -il-ant). Having a sound 
 like muffled whistling. 
 
 Subspinous {sub-spi' -nus) [sub-; spine]. 1. 
 Beneath a spine. 2. Beneath the spinal 
 column. 
 
 Substage {sub'-stdj). The parts beneath the 
 stage of a microscope,including the diaphragm, 
 condenser, illuminator, and other accessories. 
 
 Substance {sub'-stans) [substantia, substance]. 
 
 1. The material of which anything is com- 
 posed. 2. A tissue. S., Alible, the portion 
 of the chyme which is utilized for nourishing 
 the body. S., Alimentary, an article of 
 food. S., Basis, the intercellular or ground- 
 substance. S., Cell-, cell-protoplasm. S., 
 Contractile. 1. Living protoplasm which 
 has the property of contracting. 2. The con- 
 tractile portion of a muscular fiber. S., Cor- 
 tical, the peripheral portion of an organ, 
 situated just beneath the capsule. S., Gray. 
 See Substantia cinerea. S., Ground-, the 
 homogeneous matrix or intracellular substance 
 of a tissue in which the cellular elements and 
 fibers are embedded. S., Haptophorous, a 
 toxoid. S., Immune, the immune body. 
 S., Interfilar. See Enchylema. S., Inter- 
 stitial. 1. The connective tissue of an organ. 
 
 2. Achromatin. S., Intertubular, the matrix 
 of dentin in which the dentinal canals are 
 placed. S., Intervertebral, the interverte- 
 bral discs. S., Living, protoplasm. S., 
 Medullary. 1. The part of an organ 
 constituting its central in contradistinction to 
 its peripheral or cortical portion. 2. The 
 tissue forming the medulla, as in bone. S., 
 Parietal, the matrix of the cartilage. S. of 
 Rolando. See Substantia gelatinosa. S., 
 Rollet's Secondary. See Disc, Inter- 
 stitial. S., Rovidas' Hyaline,' a nucleo- 
 proteid, insoluble in water, forming a large 
 proportion of the constituents of pus-cor- 
 puscles. It expands into a tough, slimy mass 
 when treated with a 10 % common salt solution. 
 It is soluble in alkalis, but quickly changed 
 by them. S., Sarcous, the substance of a 
 sarcous element. S. of Schwann, White, 
 the medullary sheath of a nerve-fiber. S. sen- 
 sibilisatrice, Bordet's name (1899) for the 
 
 intermediate body. S. , Stilling's Gelatinous, 
 
 the gelatinous substance surrounding the 
 central canal of the spinal cord. S., Sup- 
 porting, a supporting tissue, as the neu- 
 roglia and connective tissue. S., White 
 Reticular, the reticulated layer of white 
 tissue on the anterior half of the uncinate con- 
 volution. 
 
 Substandard {sub-stand 1 '-ard). Below the stand- 
 ard requirements. 
 
 Substantia {sub-stan'-she-ah) [L.]. Substance. 
 S. alba, the white fibrous tissue of the brain 
 and nerves. Syn., Alba. S. cinerea, the 
 gray matter of the nervous system. S. 
 corticalis. See Substance, Cortical. S. fer- 
 ruginea. Synonym of Locus cinereus. S. 
 fusca. See Locus niger. S. gelatinosa, 
 a peculiar gelatinous tissue found in the spinal 
 cord near the tip of the posterior horn. Syn., 
 Substance of Rolando. S. glomerulosa, the 
 cortical substance of the kidney. S. grisea, 
 the gray matter of the spinal cord. S. grisea 
 centralis. See Entocinerea. S. nigra, the 
 locus niger. S. perforata lateralis, the 
 anterior perforated space of the brain. S. 
 perforata posterior, the posterior perforated 
 space of the brain. S. propria, the essential 
 tissue of a part; especially the middle layer 
 (lamina propria) of the tympanic membrane. 
 S. reticularis alba. See Substance, White 
 Reticular. 
 
 Substernal {sub-stur'-naT) [sub-; sternum]. Be- 
 neath the sternum. 
 
 Substitution {sub-stit-u' -shun) [sub-; statuere, 
 to place]. The replacement of one thing by 
 another. In chemistry, the replacing of one 
 or more elements or radicles in a compound by 
 other elements or radicles. 
 
 Subsulfate {sub-sul' -fat) [sub-; sulfur]. A 
 basic sulfate. 
 
 Subsultory {sub-sul'-tor-e) [sub-; saltire, to leap]. 
 Leaping; twitching. 
 
 Subsultus {sub-sul'-tus) [see Subsultory]. A 
 jerking or twitching. S. clonus. See S. 
 tendinum. S. tendinum, involuntary twitch- 
 ing of the muscles, especially of the hands 
 and feet, seen in low fevers. 
 
 Subsylvian {sub-sil'-ve-an). Beneath the syl- 
 vian fissure. 
 
 Subtarsal {sub-tar' -sal). Below the tarsus. 
 
 Subtep. {sub'-tep). Abbreviation of subtepidus, 
 lukewarm. 
 
 Subternatural {sub-ter-nat'-u-ral) [subter, be- 
 low; natura, nature]. Below what is natural. 
 
 Subthalamic {sub-thal-am'-ik) [sub-; OaXafxoc, 
 thalamus]. Beneath the optic thalamus. 
 
 Sub thalamus {sub -thai' -am-us). See Hypo- 
 thalamus. 
 
 Subthyroideus {sub-thi-roid' -e-us) . An anom- 
 alous bundle of fibers uniting the inferior 
 and lateral thyroarytenoid muscles. 
 
 Subtrapezial {sub-tra-pe'-ze-al). Beneath the 
 trapezium. 
 
 Subtrochanteric {sub-tro-kan-ter'-ik) [sub-; tro- 
 chanter]. Below the trochanter. 
 
 Subtrochlear {sub-trok' -le-ar) [sub-; trochlear]. 
 Beneath the trochlea. 
 
 a 
 
 
SUBTUBERAL 
 
 941 
 
 SLT)OL 
 
 Subtuberal {sub-tu'-ber-al). Situated beneath 
 a tuber. 
 
 Subungual (mb-un'-gn'al) [sub-; unguis, nail]. 
 Beneath the nail. 
 
 Suburethral {sub-u-re' -thrdt) [sub-; urethra]. 
 Beneath the urethra. 
 
 Subvaginal (siib-vaj'-in-aT) [sub-; vagina, 
 sheath]. Beneath a sheath. S. Space, the 
 space beneath the sheath of dura mater sur- 
 rounding the optic nerve. 
 
 Subvertebral (sub-ver 1 '-te-braV) [sub-; vertebra]. 
 Beneath a vertebra. 
 
 Subvitrinal (sub-vit'-rin-aT). Beneath the vit- 
 reous humor. 
 
 Subzonal (sub-zo'-nal) [sub-; ^^r t , zone]. 
 Beneath the zona pellucida. 
 
 Subzygoniatic (sub-zi-go-mat'-ik) [sub-; zy- 
 goma]. Below the zygoma. 
 
 Succagog, Succagogue (suk'-ag-og) [succus, 
 juice; dyajyoc, a leading]. A drug which 
 stimulates the secretory function. 
 
 Succedaneous (suk-se-da'-ne-us) [succedere, to 
 take the place of]. Relating to or acting as 
 a succedaneum. 
 
 Succedaneum (suk-se-da'-nc-um) [see Succe- 
 daneous]. A substitute. S., Caput. See 
 Caput succedaneum. 
 
 Succenturiate (suk-sen.-tu'-re-at) [succentu- 
 riare, to receive as a substitute]. Accessor)'. 
 
 Succinate (suk'-sin-di) [succinum, amber]. A 
 salt of succinic acid. 
 
 Succinic Acid (suk-sin'-ik). See Acid, Suc- 
 cinic. 
 
 Succinonitril (suk-sin-o-ni'-tril). Ethylene 
 cyanid, C 4 H 4 X 2 , a crystalline body. 
 
 Succinum {suk-si'-num) [L.]. Amber, a fossil 
 resin found in the alluvial deposits of Central 
 Europe, and thought to be derived from an 
 extinct species of pine. It contains a volatile 
 oil, oleum succini, used in hysteria, whoop- 
 ing-cough, amenorrhea, and locally as a 
 rubefacient in chronic rheumatism, whoop- 
 ing-cough, and infantile convulsions. Dose 
 5-15 min. (0.32-1.0 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Succinylchinin (suk-sin-il-kin'-in) , 
 
 r -rr ^COO.CooH^X.O A quinin ester, 
 
 ^ 2M ^COO.C^H, ? X 2 0. 
 
 crystallizing in white needles, readily soluble 
 
 in alcohol and ether. Melts at 97 C; taste 
 
 unpleasant and bitter. 
 
 Succorrhea, Succorrhoea {suk-or-e' -ali)[succus; 
 ptiv, to flow]. An excessive flow of a secre- 
 tion. S., Pancreatic, a pathologic increase 
 of the pancreatic juice when the secretory 
 innervation of the gland is exaggerated. 
 
 Succory {suk'-or-e). The chicory, Cicho- 
 rium inly bus. See Chicory. 
 
 Succuba (suk'-u-bah) [sub-; cumbere, to lie]. 
 A female demon formerly believed to consort 
 with men in their sleep. Cf. Incubus (2). 
 
 Succulent (suk'-u-lent) [succus]. Juicy. 
 
 Succus (suk'-us) [L.]. 1. A vegetable juice. 
 2. An animal secretion. S. anisi ozonatus. 
 See Hanoi. S. entericus, the intestinal 
 juice, secreted by the glands of the intestinal 
 mucous membrane. It is thin, opalescent, 
 alkaline, and has a specific gravity of ion. 
 
 Its chief function is probably to act as a dil- 
 uent. It contains an amylolytic and a pro- 
 teolytic ferment. S. gastricus, the gastric 
 juice. S. olutkombul, the glutinous sap of 
 the bark of A broma an gust a. S . pancreaticus, 
 the pancreatic juice. 
 
 Succussion (suk-ush' -un) [succutere, to shake 
 up]. A shaking, especially of the individual 
 from side to side, for the purpose of deter- 
 mining the presence of fluid in a cavity or 
 hollow organ of the body. S. -sound, S.- 
 splash, the peculiar splashing sound heard 
 when the patient is shaken in hydropneumo- 
 thorax or pyopneumothorax, or in cases of 
 dilated stomach containing fluid. 
 
 Sucholoalbumin {su-ko-lo-al'-bu-min) [06c, 
 swine; '/oAr n bile; albumin]. A poisonous 
 proteid classed among the albumoses obtained 
 from cultures of the bacillus of hog chol- 
 era. 
 
 Sucholotoxin (su-ko-lo-toks'-in) [ouc, swine; 
 '/o)J h bile; rof.'/cov, poison]. A feebly toxic 
 base obtained by de Schweinitz from cultures 
 of swine-plague bacillus. Cf. Susotoxin. 
 
 Suckling (suk'-ling) [sugere, to suck]. A 
 suckling child; a nursling. 
 
 Sucramin (su-kram'-in). The ammoniacal 
 salt of saccharin. A sweetening agent dif- 
 fering from saccharin in its insolubility in 
 the solvents of that substance. . 
 
 Sucrate (su'-krdf). A chemic combination 
 containing sucrose. 
 
 Sucrol (su'-krol). See Dulcin. 
 
 Sucrose (su'-kros). See Saccharum. 
 
 Suction (suk'-shun) [snctio, a sucking]. The 
 act of sucking. S. -plate, in dentistry, a 
 plate constructed so as to be held in place by 
 atmospheric pressure. 
 
 Sudamen, Sudamina {su-da'-men, su-dam'- 
 in-ah) [sudor, sweat]. An eruption of trans- 
 lucent, whitish vesicles, due to a noninflam- 
 matory disturbance of the sweat-glands, 
 consisting in a collection of sweat in the ducts 
 of the sweat-glands or beneath the epidermis, 
 and occurring in fevers and profuse sweating. 
 Sudarnina crystallina. See Miliaria alba. 
 
 Sudan (su-dan'), C^.H^N^O. A diazo-compound 
 from alphanaphthalamin with naphthol, a 
 brown powder used as a stain, soluble in 
 alcohol, ether, fats, and oils. Syn., Pigment 
 brozL-n. S. Ill, CoJIjg^O, a diazo-compound 
 from amidoazobenzene and betanaphthol; 
 a brown powder, soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 benzene, petroleum ether, oils, . and fats. 
 S. Yellow G, C 12 H 10 N 2 O 2 , a diazo-compound 
 from anilin and resorcinol; a brown powder 
 used as a stain, soluble in alcohol, fats, and 
 oils. 
 
 Sudation (su-da' '-shun) [sudor]. The act of 
 sweating. 
 
 Sudatorium {su-dat-o'-re-um) [sudor]. 1. A 
 hot-air bath. 2. A room for the adminis- 
 tration of a hot-air bath. 
 
 Sudol (su f -dol). A preparation used to check 
 excessive sweating, said to consist of wool-fat 
 and glycerol with 30% of formaldehyd and 
 oil of wintergreen. 
 
SUDOR 
 
 942 
 
 SULCUS 
 
 Sudor {su'-dor) [L.]. Sweat. S. anglicus. 
 
 See Miliaria. S. cruentus. Synonym of 
 Hematidrosis. S. nocturnus, night-sweat. 
 S. sanguinosus. See Hematidrosis. S. uri- 
 nosus. See Uridrosis. 
 
 Sudoral {su'-dor-al) [sudor]. Pertaining to 
 or characterized by sweating. 
 
 Sudoresis {su-dor-e'-sis). Excessive sweating. 
 
 Sudoriferous {su-dor-if -er-us) [sudor; ferre, 
 to bear]. Producing sweat. 
 
 Sudorific {su-dor-if -ik) [sudor; facere, to make], 
 i. Inducing sweating. 2. An agent inducing 
 sweating. 
 
 Sudoriparous {su-dor-if -ar-us) [sudor; parere, 
 to beget]. Secreting sweat. 
 
 Suet {su'-et) [sebum, suet]. The internal fat 
 of the abdomen of the sheep or cattle. S., 
 Mutton- {sevum prceparatum, U. S.P., B. P.), 
 consists of stearin, palmitin, and olein, and 
 is used as an emollient and in the preparation 
 of ointments. 
 
 Suffocation ( suf-o-ka f -shun) . Interference with 
 the entrance of air into the lungs by means 
 other than external pressure on the trachea. 
 
 Suffocative Catarrh. Capillary bronchitis. 
 
 Suffumigation {suf-u-mig-a' -shun) [suffu- 
 migatio]. 1. The act of fumigating from 
 underneath. 2. A substance used for fumi- 
 gation. 
 
 Suffusion {suf-u'-zhun) [sub-; fundere, to pour]. 
 A spreading of a liquid over a surface; an 
 extensive superficial extravasation of blood. 
 
 Sugar {shoog'-ar) [ME., suger, sugar]. The 
 generic name of a class of sweet carbohy- 
 drates. See Saccharum. Chemically, sugars 
 are divided as follows: cane-sugar, C 12 H 22 - 
 O n ; glucose {grape-sugar or starch-sugar), 
 C 6 H 12 6 ; lactose, sugar 0} milk; and inosit, 
 a variety found in certain muscular tissues 
 and in the juice of asparagus. S., Acorn, 
 quercite. S., Beet-, saccharose obtained 
 from species of Beta, especially the common 
 beet, Beta vulgaris. S., Date-, sugar from 
 the fruit of Phcenix dactylijera. S., Dia- 
 betic, glucose. S., Fruit-, levulose. S., 
 Grape-, glucose in the solid state. S. -house 
 Eczema, an eczema sometimes observed in 
 laborers employed in sugar refineries. S., 
 Invert. See Invert-sugar. S. of Lead, 
 plumbi acetas. S., Left -rotating, levulose. 
 S., Leo's. SeeLaiose. S. of Malt, maltose. 
 S., Maple, saccharose obtained from the 
 sugar-maple. S., Meat, inosit. S., Mu- 
 cin, levulose. 
 
 Sugarine {shoog'-ar -en). Methylbenzol-sulfinid, 
 a compound said to have 500 times greater 
 sweetening power than sugar. 
 
 Sugent {su'-jent) [sugere, to suck]. Sucking; 
 absorbent. 
 
 Suggescent {sug-jes' -ent) . Fitted for sucking. 
 
 Suggestible {sug-jes' -tib-l) [suggestion]. Amen- 
 able to suggestion. 
 
 Suggestion {sug-jes' -chun) [suggerere, to suggest, 
 from sub, under; gerere, to bring]. 1. The 
 artificial production of a certain psychic 
 state in which the individual experiences 
 such sensations as are suggested to him or 
 
 ceases to experience those which he is in- 
 structed not to feel. 2. The thing suggested. 
 S., Posthypnotic, the command to do cer- 
 tain acts given the subject while in the hyp- 
 notic stage, and causing him to execute 
 these acts after his return to his normal con- 
 dition. S., Self-, a suggestion conveyed 
 by the subject from one stratum of his per- 
 sonality to another without external inter- 
 vention. S. -therapy, treatment of dis- 
 ordered states by means of suggestion. 
 
 Suggillation, Sugillation {suj-il-a' -shun) 
 [suggillare, to beat black and blue]. An 
 ecchymosis or bruise. 
 
 Sulcate {sul'-kdt) [sulcus]. Furrowed; grooved. 
 
 Sulcus {sul'-kus) [L.; pi. sulci]. A furrow or 
 groove ; applied especially to the fissures of the 
 brain. See under Fissure. 2. A furrow on 
 the mesal or ventricular surface of the brain. 
 S. ad aquaeductum vestibuli. See Fossa, 
 Sulciform. S., Cacuminal, in comparative 
 neurology, one beginning at the lateroceph- 
 alic angle of the flocculus and curving around 
 in a direction caudodorsomesad usually 
 fuses with its opposite from the other pileum. 
 S. centralis. See Fissure of Rolando. S., 
 Culminal, in comparative neurology, one 
 dividing the culmen from the central lobe 
 and extending laterad to the mesal border of 
 the middle cerebellar peduncle. S., Ecker's, 
 the anterior or transverse occipital sulcus, 
 usually joined to the horizontal part of the 
 interparietal sulcus. S., Floccular, in com- 
 parative neurology, a sulcus separating the 
 flocculus from the pileum and from the sur- 
 face of the middle cerebellar peduncle. It 
 arises just dorsad of the auditory nerve and 
 extends dorsocaudoventrad in the form of a 
 loop to the caudal limit of the flocculus. S., 
 Furcal, in comparative neurology, a sulcus 
 just caudad of the culmen, forming a land- 
 mark of division between the horizontal and 
 vertical branches of the stem of the arbor of 
 the cerebellum. S. habense, the furrow 
 along the dorsomesal angle of the thalamus 
 just dorsad of the habena. S. , Hippocampal, 
 a constant fissure of the cerebrum extending 
 from the splenium to near the tip of the tem- 
 poral lobe; it is collocated with the hippocam- 
 pus major. Syn., Hippocampal fissure. S. 
 horizontalis cerebelli. See S., Peduncular. 
 S. hypothalamicus. See Aulix. S., In- 
 terfloccular, in lower mammals a deep sulcus 
 dividing the parafiocculus into two lobes, the 
 supraflocculus dorsad and the mediflocculus 
 ventrad. S., Intraparietal, that dividing 
 the superior from the inferior parietal lobule. 
 S. li mi tans, the fissure between the striatum 
 ' and the thalamus. S., Monro's. See Mon- 
 ro's Sulcus. S., Nodular, in comparative 
 neurology, one apparently representing the 
 central fissure and separating the nodule of the 
 cerebellum from the uvula. S., Peduncular, 
 of Wilder, a groove on the inner edge of the 
 crus cerebri lodging the third nerve. Syn., 
 Oculomotor furrow. S. prfficlivalis. See 
 S. } Furcal. S., Precentral, one situated 
 
SULFALDEHYD 
 
 943 
 
 SULFUR 
 
 in front of the fissure of Rolando and running 
 nearly parallel with it. S., Pyramidal, in 
 comparative neurology, one arising just cau- 
 dad of the peduncular sulcus and extending 
 caudodorsomesad in the form of a crescent; 
 it divides the tuberal and pyramidal lobes. 
 S., Reil's, the sulcus in the bottom of the 
 sylvian fissure, separating the insula from 
 the remainder of the hemisphere. S. Spi- 
 ralis, the grooved extremity of the lamina 
 spiralis of the cochlea. S. tubse eusta- 
 chii, S. tubarius, a depression on the pe- 
 rtosa for the cartilaginous part of the eusta- 
 chian tube. Syn., Groove for the eustachian 
 tube; Semicanalis tuba eustachii. S. 
 tympanicus, a furrow on the concave sur- 
 face of the tympanic plate for attachment 
 of the membrana tympani. S., Uvular, in 
 comparative neurology, one marking the 
 boundary of the pyramidal lobe, arising at 
 the caudal angle of the flocculus and extending 
 caudoventromesad. S., Vertical. ' Same as 
 S., Precentral. S., Waldeyer's, the sulcus 
 spiralis of the cochlea. 
 
 Sulfaldehyd {sidf-aV -de-hid) [sulfur; aldehyd]. 
 An oily liquid of repulsive odor produced by 
 the action of hydrosulfuric acid on acetic 
 aldehyd; it is a hypnotic. 
 
 Sulfaminol {sul-fam' -in-ol) [sulfur; amin], 
 C 12 H 9 SN0 2 . Thioxydiphenylamin, a powder 
 obtained by the action of sulfur on the salts 
 of methoxydiphenylamin. It is used as an 
 antiseptic in diseases of the antrum and 
 frontal sinuses and in laryngeal tuberculosis. 
 S.-creasote, an 8% solution of sulfaminol in 
 creasote, soluble in alcohol; used as an anti- 
 septic in rhinolaryngology. S.-eucalyptol, 
 an 8% solution of sulfaminol in eucalyptol, 
 soluble in alcohol; used in the same way as 
 is sulfaminol-creasote. S.-guaiacol, an 8% 
 solution of sulfaminol in guaiacol, soluble in 
 alcohol; used as is sulfaminol-creasote. S.- 
 menthol, an 8% solution of sulfaminol in 
 menthol, soluble in alcohol; used as is sulfam- 
 inol-creasote. S. Salicylate, 8% of sulfam- 
 inol with salicylic acid, used in rheumatism. 
 Dose 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 Gm.). 
 
 Sulfanilic Acid (sul-fan-il'-ik). See Acid, 
 Sulfanilic. 
 
 Sulfate (sul'-fat) [sulfur]. A salt of sulfuric 
 acid. 
 
 Sulfhydrate {sulf -hi' -drat) [sulfur; uocop, water]. 
 A compound of a base with the univalent 
 radicle, sulfhydryl, SH. 
 
 Sulfhydric Acid. Used improperly as a syn- 
 onym of sulfureted hydrogen. 
 
 Sulfid {sul'-fid) [sulfur]. A compound of sul- 
 fur with an element or basic radicle. 
 
 Sulfin. See Aureolin. 
 
 Sulfinid {sul f -fin-id) . Saccharin. 
 
 Sulfite {sid'-fit) [sulfur]. A salt of sulfurous acid. 
 
 Sulfo- (sul-fo-) [sulfur]. A prefix denoting 
 containing sulfur. 
 
 Sulfoazotized {sid-fo-az'-o-tizd). Containing 
 sulfur and nitrogen. 
 
 Sulfobenzid {sul-fo-ben'-zid), Ci 2 H 10 SO 2 . A 
 crystalline substance obtained from benzene 
 
 by action of fuming sulfuric acid; soluble 
 in ether; melts at 129 C, boils at 376 C. 
 Syn., Diphenylsulfone. 
 
 Sulfocarbol {sul-fo-kar' -boT) . See Acid, Sulfo- 
 carbolic. 
 
 Sulfocarbolate (sul-fo-kar r -bo-lat) [sulfur; car- 
 bolic]. A salt of sulfocarbolic acid. 
 
 Sulfocarbolic Acid (sul-fo-kar-bol'-ik). See 
 Acid, Sulfocarbolic. 
 
 Sulf ocarbonated {sul-fo-kar' -bon-a-ted) . Con- 
 taining sulfur and carbonic acid. 
 
 Sulfocarbonilid {sul-fo-kar-bon-iV -id), C l3 H 12 - 
 N 2 S. A crystalline substance obtained from 
 anilin by action of alcohol and carbon disulfid 
 with heat; soluble in alcohol and ether, melts 
 at 153 C. Syn., Thiocarbonilid. 
 
 Sulfocarbonism {sid-fo-kar'-bon-izm). Poison- 
 ing by carbon disulfid through ingestion of 
 some substance containing it or through 
 inhalation of the fumes in manufactures 
 (caoutchouc, etc.); marked by narcosis, with 
 fall of temperature, convulsive chills, odor 
 of radish on the breath, and in severe cases 
 with peripheral paralysis, general anesthesia, 
 and muscular atrophy. 
 
 Sulf of on {sid'-fo-fon). A mixture of zinc sul- 
 fid and calcium sulfate. 
 
 Sulfonal {sul'-fo-naf) [sidfur], C : H ]6 S 2 4 . 
 Diethylsulfon-dimethylmethane, a crystalline 
 substance soluble in 15 parts of boiling water 
 and about 450 parts of cold water. It is 
 used as an hypnotic in insomnia from func- 
 tional causes. Dose 10-40 gr. (0.65-2.6 Gm.). 
 
 Sulfonalism {sul-fon'-al-izm). A group of 
 symptoms said to be occasioned by the pro- 
 longed administration of sulfonal. 
 
 Sulfonate {sul'-fon-dt). A salt of sulfonic acid. 
 
 Sulfonation {sid-fon-a! -shun). In chemistry 
 the introduction of a sulfo-group in place 
 of aromatic hydrogen atoms. 
 
 Sulf one thylmethane {sul-fon-eth-il-me' -thane) . 
 Sulphonethylmethanum (U. S. P.), C S H 1S S 2 4 . 
 A product of the oxidation of mercaptol. 
 Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
 
 Sulfonmethane {sul-fon-me' -thane) . Sulphon- 
 methanum (U. S. P.), C 7 H 16 S 2 4 . Dose 
 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
 
 Sulf oparaldehyd (sul - fo - par - al' - de - hid), 
 (C 4 H 4 S 2 ) 3 . A crystalline substance, soluble 
 in alcohol, insoluble in water; recommended 
 as a hypnotic. Syn., Trithialdehyd. 
 
 Sulfophenate, Sulfophenylate {sul-fo-fe'-ndt, 
 sul-fo-fen'-il-dt). See Sulfocarbolate. 
 
 Sulfophenol {sul-fo-fe'-nol). See Acid, Sulfo- 
 carbolic. 
 
 Sulfosalicylic Acid. See Acid, Sulfo salicylic. 
 
 Sulfosot (sul'-fo-sot). Potassium creasote sul- 
 fonate. It is antituberculous. Dose 5-20 gr. 
 (0.3-1.3 Gm.) several times daily. 
 
 Sulfourea {sid-fo-u' -re-ah) . See Thiourea. 
 
 Sulfovinic Acid {sul-fo-vi'-nik), C 2 H 5 .HS0 4 , 
 ethylsulfuric acid, a monobasic acid formed 
 by the action of sulfuric acid on alcohol. 
 
 Sulfoxism {sul-foks'-izm). Poisoning with 
 sulfuric acid. 
 
 Sulfur {sul'-fur) [L., probably from Skt., 
 culvdri, sulfur], A nonmetallic element 
 
SULFURARIA 
 
 944 
 
 SUPERCILIARY 
 
 found native in volcanic regions (volcanic 
 sulfur), and occurring combined with several 
 metals, especially iron and copper, in the form 
 of sulfids, called iron and copper pyrites. 
 Sulfur can exist in various allotropic forms. 
 The ordinary sulfur is a yellow, brittle solid, 
 having a specific gravity of 2.07 and an 
 atomic weight of 31.83. Symbol S. Its val- 
 ence is two or six. Sulfur combines with 
 oxygen to form sulfurous oxid (sulfur di- 
 oxid), S0 2 , and sulfuric oxid (sulfur trioxid), 
 S0 3 , which by uniting with water form cor- 
 responding acids — sulfurous acid, H 2 S0 3 , 
 and sulfuric acid, H 2 S0 4 . Other acids are 
 also formed: hyposulfurous acid, H 2 S0 2 , 
 thiosulfuric acid, H 2 S 2 3 , and a series of 
 acids termed thionic acids, viz., H 2 S 2 6 , 
 H 2 S 3 6 , H 2 S 4 O , and H 2 S 5 6 . Sulfurous 
 oxid, S0 2 , is employed as a disinfectant by 
 fumigation. With hydrogen sulfur forms 
 the offensively smelling gas, hydrogen sulfid 
 (hydrosulfuric acid or sulfureted hydrogen), 
 H 2 S. With metals and other bases it forms 
 sulfids. Sulfur is laxative and diaphoretic. 
 It has been used in hemorrhoids, chronic 
 rheumatism, gout, and locally in diphtheria 
 and in various diseases of the skin, especially 
 acne and scabies. S.-alcohol, mercaptan. 
 S., Balsam of, a solution of sulfur in linseed- 
 oil. S. Dioxid. See Sulfur. S. Iodid 
 (sulphuris iodidum, U. S. P., B. P.), S 2 I 3 , 
 employed in various skin diseases. From 
 it is prepared unguentum iodidi (B. P.). 
 S., Milk of. See S., Precipitated. S. 
 Ointment (unguentum sulphuris, U. S. P., 
 B. P.), an ointment prepared from washed 
 sulfur. S., Precipitated (sulphur pracipi- 
 tatum, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 1-3 dr. 
 (4-12 Gm.). S., Ruby. See Arsenic Di- 
 sulfid. S., Spirit of, sulfuric acid. S., Sub- 
 limed (sulphur sublimatum, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 a fine yellow powder, having a slight char- 
 acteristic odor, and a faintly acid taste. Dose 
 1-3 dr. (4-12 Gm.). Syn., Flowers of sulfur. 
 S. Trioxid. See Sulfur. S., Vegetable. 
 See Lyco podium. S., Washed (sulphur 
 lotum, U. S. P.), a fine yellow powder with- 
 out odor or taste. Dose \ dr.-| oz. (2-16 
 Gm.). 
 
 Sulfuraria (sul-fu-ra'-re-ah). A sediment of 
 the San Filippo Springs, used in skin diseases. 
 A yellow powder, containing sulfur, 32.96%; 
 calcium sulfid, 36.55%; organic substances, 
 13.44%; silica and strontium sulfate, 1.07%. 
 
 Sulfurated (sul'-fu-ra-ted) {sulfur]. Com- 
 bined with sulfur. 
 
 Sulfuration (sul-fu-ra' -shun) [sulfur]. The act 
 of dressing, anointing, or impregnating with 
 sulfur. 
 
 Sulfuret (sul f -fu-ret). A sulfid. S., Golden, 
 a sulfuret of antimony obtained by precipi- 
 tating antimonic acid by sulfureted hydrogen. 
 
 Sulfureted (sul-fu-ret'-ed) [sulfur]. Combined 
 with sulfur. S. Hydrogen. See under 
 Sulfur. 
 
 Sulfureus (sul-fu'-re-us). 1. Used by Mayon 
 (1679) and early chemists in the sense of 
 
 combustible, as those substances capable of 
 burning were supposed to contain a "sulfur" 
 which gave them that property. 2. See 
 Sulfurous. 
 
 Sulfuric (sul-fu'-rik) [sulfur]. Combined with 
 sulfur; derived from sulfur trioxid, S0 3 . S. 
 Acid. See Acid, Sulfuric, and Sulfur. 
 
 Sulfuricity (sul-fu-ris'-it-e). The state of 
 being sulfurous. 
 
 Sulfurize (sul'-fu-rlz). To impregnate with 
 sulfur. 
 
 Sulfurous (sul-fu'-rus or sul'-fu-rus) [sulfur]. 
 1. Of the nature of sulfur. 2. Combined 
 with sulfur; derived from sulfur dioxid, S0 2 . 
 S. Acid. See Acid, Sulfurous, and Sulfur. 
 
 Sulphocalcine (sul-fo-kal'-sen). A proprietary 
 antiseptic and solvent said to contain calcium 
 oxid, washed sulfur, benzoboric acid, extract 
 of pancreas, and oils of wintergreen and 
 eucalyptus; used as a gargle or spray in 
 diphtheria. 
 
 Sulphogen (sul'-fo-jen). A proprietary anti- 
 ferment said to consist of sulfur, magnesia, 
 aromatics, and the active principle of Genista. 
 It is indicated in gastritis, dyspepsia, etc. 
 
 Sulphume (sul'-fum). A proprietary prep- 
 aration said to be "liquid sulfur." 
 
 Sulphur. See Sulfur and its derivatives. 
 
 Sulphurine (sul'-fu-ren). A preparation of 
 some of the higher sulfids of sodium and 
 potassium with sulfur. 
 
 Sumbul (sum' -but). Musk-root. The sumbul 
 of the U. S. P. is the dried rhizome and root 
 of an undetermined plant, probably of the 
 family Umbelliferce. It contains angelic acid, 
 C 5 H 8 2 , and a little valerianic acid, C 5 H ]0 O 2 . 
 It is used as a nervine in neurasthenia, hys- 
 teria, and in anemia, chronic bronchitis, etc. 
 Dose \-2 dr. (2-8 Gm.). S., Extract of 
 (extr actum sumbul, U. S. P.). Dose 4 gr. 
 (0.25 Gm.). S., Fluidextract of (fluidex- 
 tr actum sumbul, U. S. P.). Dose 30 min. 
 (2 Cc). S., Tincture of (tinctura sumbul, 
 B. P.). Dose 20 min.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Cc). 
 
 Summer-complaint. See Cholera infantum. 
 
 Summer-rash. Lichen tropicus. 
 
 Sunburn. Superficial inflammation of the skin 
 caused by exposure to the sun. 
 
 Sunstroke. Insolation. 
 
 Super- (su-per-) [L., "above" or "upon"]. A 
 prefix denoting above, upon, or excessive. 
 
 Superalbal (su-per-al'-baV). Situated in the 
 upper part of the substantia alba. 
 
 Superalimentation (su-per -al-im-en-ta' -shun) 
 [super-; alimentation]. Overfeeding. 
 
 Superatrophy (su-per-af -ro-fe). Excessive 
 atrophy. 
 
 Supercarbonate (su-per-kar'-bon-dt). A bi- 
 carbonate. 
 
 Supercentral (su-per-sen'-tral). Lying above 
 the center. 
 
 Supercerebral (su-per-ser'-e-bral). In the 
 superior part of the cerebrum. 
 
 Superciliary (su-per -sil' -e-a-re) [super-; cilium, 
 eyelash]. Pertaining to the eyebrow. S. 
 Entropion, incurvation of hairs of the eye- 
 brow against the conjunctiva, 
 
SUPERCILIUM 
 
 945 
 
 SUPPURANT 
 
 Supercilium {su-per-siV -e-um) [L.]. The eye- 
 brow. 
 
 Superduct (su'-per-dukt). To elevate; to lead 
 upward. 
 
 Superduction {su-per-duk' -shun) . Maddox's 
 term for sursumduction. 
 
 Superdural {su-per-du'-rat). Lying in the 
 upper part of the dura. 
 
 Superevacuation {su-per-e-vak-u-a' -shun) . 
 
 Excessive evacuation. 
 
 Superexcitation (s u- per -ek-si-ta f -shun). Ex-, 
 cessive excitement. 
 
 Superextension (su-per-eks-ten'-shun) [super-; 
 extendere, to extend]. Excessive extension. 
 
 Superfecundation (su-per-fe-kun-da'-shun) [su- 
 per-; fecundus, fertile]. The fertilization of 
 more than one ovum of the same ovulation 
 resulting from separate acts of coitus. 
 
 Superf etation (su-per-fe-ta'-shun) [super-; fetus]. 
 A fertilization of an ovum when there is 
 'another from a previous ovulation in the 
 uterus. 
 
 Superficial (su-per-fish'-al) [super-; fades, 
 face]. Confined to or pertaining to the 
 surface. 
 
 Superficialis {su-per-fish-e-a' -lis) [L.]. i. Su- 
 perficial. 2. A superficial part, as super- 
 ficialis voice, a superficial branch of the 
 radial artery. 
 
 Superfunction [su-per- funk' '-shun). Excessive 
 action of an organ or structure. 
 
 Supergenual {su-per-jen'-u-al) [super-; genu, 
 knee]. Situated above the knee. 
 
 Superhumeral {su-per-hu'-mer-aV). Borne 
 upon the shoulders; situated above the shoul- 
 ders. 
 
 Superhumerale {su-per-hu-mer-a'-le) . The 
 acromion. 
 
 Superimpregnation {su-per-im-preg-na' -shun). 
 i. See Superfetation. 2. Polyspermy, the 
 piercing of the ovum by several sperm-cells. 
 
 Superincumbent {su-per-in-kum' -bent) [super-; 
 incumber e, to lie upon]. Lying or resting 
 upon something else. 
 
 Superior (su-pe'-re-or) [comparative of superus, 
 high]. Higher; denoting the upper of two 
 parts. 
 
 Superlabia {su-per-la' -be-ah) [super-; labium, 
 a lip]. The clitoris. 
 
 Superligamen {su-per-lig' -am-en) [super-; lig- 
 amen, a bandage]. An outer bandage to 
 hold a surgical dressing in place. 
 
 Supermedial {su-per-me' -de-al). Above the 
 middle. 
 
 Supermotility {su-per-mo-tiV -it-e). Excessive 
 motility. 
 
 Supernormal (su-per-nor'-mal). Pertaining to 
 a faculty or phenomenon which is beyond 
 the level of ordinary experience; pertaining 
 to a transcendental world. 
 
 Supernumerary {su-per-nu' -mer-a-re) [super-; 
 numerus, a number]. Existing in more than 
 the usual number. 
 
 Superolateral {su-per-o-lat'-er-al). Located in 
 the upper part of the side of a structure. 
 
 Superoxygenation (su-per-oks-e-jen-a'-shun) . 
 Excessive oxygenation. 
 61 
 
 Superpetrosal (su-per-pet-ro' '-sal) . Situated on 
 
 the upper part of the petrosa. 
 Superphosphate (su-per-fos'-fat). An acid 
 
 phosphate. 
 Supersalt (su'-per-sawlt). An acid salt. 
 Supersaturate (su-per-sat'-u-rat) [super-; sat- 
 urare, to saturate]. To saturate to excess; 
 to add more of a substance than a liquid 
 can dissolve. 
 Supersensitive (su-per-sen' -sit-iv) . Abnormally 
 
 sensitive. 
 Superspinatus (su-per-spi-na'-tus). In veter- 
 inary anatomy an extensor of the humerus 
 which has no exact analog in man. 
 Supertension {su-per -ten' -shun). See Hyper- 
 tension. 
 Superversion {su-per-vur' -shun) . See Sur sum- 
 version. 
 Supination (su-pin-a' '-shun) [supinus, on the 
 back]. 1. The turning of the palm of the 
 hand upward. 2. The condition of being 
 supine. 
 Supinator (su'-pin-a-tor). See under Muscle. 
 Supine {su-pin') [supinus, on the back]. Lying 
 
 on the back face upward or palm upward. 
 Suplagalbumin {su-plag-aV -bu-min). See Su- 
 
 choloalbumin. 
 Suplagotoxin (su-plag-o-toks'-in). See Su- 
 
 cholotoxin. 
 Supplemental {sup-le-men' -tal) [supplere, to 
 complete]. Additional. S. Air. See under 
 Respiration. 
 Suppository {sup-oz' -it-o-re) [suppositorium, 
 from sub-, under; ponere, to place]. A solid 
 medicated compound designed to be intro- 
 duced into the rectum, urethra, or vagina. 
 Its consistence is such that while retaining 
 its shape at ordinary temperatures, it readily, 
 melts at the temperature of the body. The 
 basis of most suppositories is oil of theo- 
 broma. For urethral 
 suppositories a mix- 
 ture of gelatin and 
 glycerol is used. The 
 only suppositories 
 that are official are 
 the glycerol supposi- 
 t o r i e s (suppositoria 
 glycerini, U. S. P.). 
 See under Glycerin. 
 S., Tannic-acid, one 
 part of tannin to 
 five parts of cacao- 
 butter. 
 Suppression {sup-resh'- 
 un) [suppressio, a 
 keeping back]. A 
 sudden cessation of 
 secretion, as sup - 
 pression o f the 
 urine or of the 
 menses. 
 Suppurant {sup' -u- 
 Supernumerary Thumb. — rant) [suppuration]. 
 1. Promoting suppu- 
 nn agent promoting suppura- 
 tion. 
 
 {Moullin.) 
 ration. 2. An 
 
SUPPURATION 
 
 946 
 
 SUPRASPINOUS 
 
 Suppuration (sup-u-ra'-shun) [subpurare, to 
 form pus]. The formation of pus. 
 
 Suppurative (sup'-u-ra-tiv) [suppuration]. 
 i. Producing pus. 2. An agent that favors 
 suppuration. 
 
 Supra- (su-prah-) [L., "above"]. A prefix 
 signifying upon or above. 
 
 Supraacromial {su-prah-ak-ro' -me-at) [supra-; 
 acromion]. Situated above the acromion. 
 
 Supraauricular {su-prah-aw-rik' -u-lar) [supra-; 
 auricle]. Above the external ear. S. 
 Point. See under Craniometric Point. 
 
 Suprachoroid (su-prah-ko'-roid) [supra-; cho- 
 roid]. Above the choroid or the choroid 
 plexus. 
 
 Suprachoroidea (su-prah-ko-roid'-e-ah). The 
 choroid layer next to the sclera. 
 
 Supraclavicular {su-prah-kla-vik' '-u-lar) [su- 
 pra-; clavicle]. Above the clavicle. 
 
 Supracondylar ,Supracondyloid Ow-/>ra/z-&0w'- 
 dil-ar, su-prah-kon'-dil-oid) [supra-; condyle]. 
 Above a condyle. 
 
 Supracostal (su-prah-kos' '-tal) [supra-; costa, 
 a rib]. Above the ribs. 
 
 Supracotyloid {su-prah-kof -il-oid) [supra-; 
 cotyloid]. Above the cotyloid cavity. 
 
 Supraepicondylar (su-prah-ep-e-kon'-dil-ar) . 
 Situated above an epicondyle. 
 
 Supragenual. See Supergenual. 
 
 Supraglenoid (su-prah-glen'-oid). Above the 
 glenoid cavity. 
 
 Supraglottic (su-prah-glot'-ik) [supra-; ylrnxxig, 
 glottis]. Above the glottis. 
 
 Suprahepatic (su-prah-hep-at'-ik). Above the 
 liver. S. Veins, the hepatic veins. 
 
 Suprahyoid (su-prah-hi'-oid) [supra-; hyoid]. 
 Above the hyoid bone. 
 
 Suprainguinal {su-prah-in' -gwin-dt). Above 
 the groin. 
 
 Supralabialis (su-prah-la-be-a'-lis). See Leva- 
 tor labii superioris under Muscle. 
 
 Supraliminal {su-prah-lim' -in-aV) [supra-; 
 limen, threshold]. Lying above the threshold. 
 S. Consciousness, the empiric self of common 
 experience. 
 
 Supralumbar (su-prah-lum'-bar). Above the 
 loin. 
 
 Supramalleolar {su-prah-mal-e' -o-lar) [supra-; 
 malleolus]. Above a malleolus. 
 
 Supramammary (su-prah-mam'-a-re) [supra-; 
 mamma, breast]. Above the mammas. 
 
 Supramandibular (su-prah-man-dib' ' -u-lar) . 
 Situated above the mandible. 
 
 Supramarginal (su-prah-mar'-jin-al) [supra-; 
 margin]. Above an edge or margin, as 
 the supramarginal convolution of the 
 brain. 
 
 Supramastoid {su-prah-mas' -toid) [supra-; mas- 
 toid]. Above the mastoid process of the tem- 
 poral bone. 
 
 Supramaxillary {su-prah-maks' '-il-a-re) [su- 
 pra-; maxilla]. Pertaining to the superior 
 maxilla. 
 
 Supramental (su-prah-men'-taF) [supra-; men- 
 turn, chin]. Above the chin. 
 
 Supranuclear (su-prah-nu'-kle-ar). Above the 
 nucleus. 
 
 Supraobliquus (su-prah-ob-li'-ku-us) [supra-, 
 obliquus, slanting]. Coues' name for the 
 obliquus superior muscle of the eye. 
 
 Supraoccipital {su-prah-ok-sip'-it-aT) [supra-; 
 occiput]. 1. Above the occipital bone. 
 2. The upper part of the occipital 
 bone. 
 
 Supraomphalodymia {su-prah-om-Jal-o-dim' - 
 e-ah) [supra-; d/u^aXSc, navel; duecv, to 
 enter]. A form of somatodymia in which 
 the union is in the superior umbilical 
 region. 
 
 Supraorbital {su-prah-or' -bit-al) [supra-; orbit]. 
 1. Above the orbit, as the supraorbital 
 nerve. 2. Pertaining to the supraorbital 
 nerve. 
 
 Suprapatellar (su-prah-pat-el'-ar) [supra-; pa- 
 tella]. Above the patella. 
 
 Suprapelvic (su-prah-pel'-vik) [supra-; pelvis]. 
 Above the pelvis. 
 
 Suprapineal {su-prah-pin' -e-dt) [supra-; pineal]. 
 Above the pineal gland. 
 
 Suprapontine {su-prah-pon' -tin) [supra-; pons, 
 a bridge]. Above or in the superior part of 
 the pons. 
 
 Suprapubic (su-prah-pu'-bik) [supra-; pubis]. 
 Above the pubes. 
 
 Suprarenaden {su-prah-ren' '-ad-en). A prepa- 
 ration made from the suprarenal capsules; 
 used in Addison's disease, neurasthenia, etc. 
 Dose 15-23 gr. (1. 0-1.5 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Suprarenal {su-prah-re' -nal) [supra-; ren, the 
 kidney]. 1. Above the kidney, as the 
 suprarenal capsule. 2. Pertaining to the 
 suprarenal capsule. S. Body, S. Capsule, 
 a small triangular organ situated above the 
 kidney, and consisting of an external or cor- 
 tical and an internal or medullary portion. 
 The cortex consists of polygonal cells dis- 
 posed in three layers — the zona glomerulosa, 
 zona jasciculata, and zona reticularis. Fi- 
 brous septums, derived from the capsule, 
 extend into the organ and separate the groups 
 of cells. The medulla contains cords and 
 networks of polygonal cells, and in its center 
 ganglion -cells and nonmedullated nerve-fibers. 
 The function of the suprarenal body is not 
 definitely known — it is believed to bear 
 some relation to pigment production. S. 
 Epithelioma. See Grawitz's Tumor. S. 
 Rests. See Rests, Adrenal. 
 
 Suprarene {su'-prah-ren). A suprarenal cap- 
 sule. 
 
 Suprarennin {su-prah-ren' -in) . A synonym of 
 Epinephrin. 
 
 Suprascapular (su-prah-skap' '-u-lar) [supra-; 
 scapula]. Above or in the upper part of the 
 scapula. 
 
 Supraspinal {su-prah-spi' -nal) [supra-; spine]. 
 Above a spine. 
 
 Supraspinales {su-prah-spi-na'-lez). See un- 
 der Muscle. 
 
 Supraspinatus {su-prah-spi-na'-tus) [supra-; 
 spine]. Above the spine, as the supraspi- 
 natus muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Supraspinous {su-prah-spi' -nus) [see Supra- 
 spinatus]. Above the spinous process of 
 
SUPRASTERNAL 
 
 947 
 
 SUSPENSION 
 
 the scapula or of a vertebra. S. Fossa, the 
 triangular depression above the spine of the 
 scapula. 
 
 Suprasternal {su-prah-ster' -nal) [supra-; ster- 
 num]. Above the sternum. 
 
 Suprasylvian {su-prah-siV -ve-an). Above the 
 sylvian fissure. 
 
 Supratemporal (su-prah-tem' '-po-ral) [supra-; 
 temporal]. Above the temporal region. 
 
 Supratrochlear (su-prah-trok'-le-ar) [supra-; 
 trochlea]. Above the trochlea or pulley of 
 the superior oblique muscle. 
 
 Supraturbinal {su-prah-tur'-bin-al). The su- 
 perior turbinate bone. 
 
 Supravaginal (su-prah-vaj'-in-al) [supra-; 
 vagina], i. Above a sheath; on the outside 
 of a sheath. 2. Above the vagina. 
 
 Supraverge (su' -prah-ver]) [supra-; vergere, to 
 incline]. To diverge in a vertical plane. 
 
 Supravergence (su-prah-ver '-jenz). The abil- 
 ity of the two eyes to diverge in a vertical 
 plane; an ability measured by a prism of 
 2°-3°. Syn., Sursumvergence. S., Right, 
 the ability to overcome prisms, base down, 
 before the right eye, or base up before the 
 left eye. 
 
 Sura {su'-rah) [L.]. 1. The calf of the leg. 
 2. A form of toddy made in western Africa 
 from the sap of the oil-palm. 
 
 Sural {su'-ral) [sura]. Pertaining to the calf 
 of the leg. 
 
 Surcingle (sur'-sin-gl) [super-; cingulum, a belt]. 
 The tail of the corpus striatum. 
 
 Surculus (sur' -ku-lus) [L., "a twig, shoot"; 
 pi., surculi]. In biology, a sucker. Sur- 
 culi fellei, the ductules conveying the bile to 
 the hepatic ducts. 
 
 Surdity (sur'-dit-e) [surdus, deaf]. Deaf- 
 ness. 
 
 Surdomutitas (sur-do-mu' -tit-as) [surdus; mu- 
 tus, mute]. Deaf-mutism. 
 
 Surexcitation (sur -eks-i-ta' -shun) [super-; exci- 
 tatio, a rousing]. Excessive excitement. 
 
 Surface (sur' -fas) [Ft., surface]. 1. The ex- 
 terior of a body. 2. The face or faces of a 
 body; a term frequently used in anatomy in 
 the description of bones. S., Fixation, 
 a curved surface the points of which occupy 
 in the two monocular fields positions which 
 are identical horizontally, regardless of ver- 
 tical disparity. S., Labial, the surface of 
 a tooth-crown which is toward the lips. S.- 
 wells, those which obtain their supply from 
 the subsoil water. 
 
 Surgeon (sur'-jun) [see Surgery]. One who 
 practises surgery. 
 
 Surgeonry (sur f -jun-re) . The practice of a 
 surgeon. 
 
 Surgeonship (sur'-jun-ship). The office of a 
 surgeon. 
 
 Surgery (sur'-jer-e) [OF., cirurgie, from #e//0, 
 hand; epyecv, to work]. The branch of 
 medicine dealing with diseases requiring 
 operative procedure. S., Antiseptic, the 
 application of antiseptic methods in the treat- 
 ment of wounds. S., Major, that in which 
 the operations are important and involve 
 
 risks to life. S., Minor, that part of surgery 
 including procedures not involving danger 
 to life, as bandaging, the application 
 of splints, dressings, sutures, counterirrita- 
 tion, cauterization, and bloodletting. S., 
 Plastic, repair of defects by transference of 
 tissue. 
 
 Surgical (sur' -jik-aT) [surgery]. 1. Pertaining 
 to surgery. 2. Produced by surgical opera- 
 tions. S. Kidney, suppuration of the kidney 
 due to disease of the genitourinary tract. 
 S. Neck (of the humerus), the constricted 
 part of the shaft below the tuberosities, so 
 called because it is a common seat of 
 fracture. 
 
 Surinam Bark (su'-rin-am). The bark of 
 Andira retusa, used as an anthelmintic. 
 
 Surinamin (su-rin-am' -in) . An alkaloid found 
 by Huttenschmid, 1824, in the bark of Andira 
 retusa. It forms fine, gleaming needles, 
 without taste or odor and of neutral reaction, 
 soluble in water, and with anthelmintic action. 
 Syn., Andirin; Geoffroyin. 
 
 Surons (su'-rons). Skins which have served 
 the purpose of carrying drugs, especially 
 from South America. 
 
 Surra (soor'-rah) [native Indian name]. An 
 epizootic pernicious anemia in horses, mules, 
 and camels due to Trypanosoma evansi. 
 
 Surrenal (sur -re' -nal) [supra-; ren, the kidney]. 
 1. Suprarenal. 2. A suprarenal gland. 
 
 Sursumduction (sur-sum-duk' -shun) [sursum, 
 up; ducere, to lead]. 1. The power of the 
 two eyes of fusing two images when one eye 
 has a prism placed vertically before it. 2. See 
 Supravergence. 3. A movement of either 
 eye alone upward. S., Right, the absolute 
 power that the right eye has to rotate 
 upward. 
 
 Sursumvergence (sur-sum-vur'-jenz) [sursum; 
 vergere, to bend]. The turning of the eyes 
 upward; supravergence. 
 
 Sursumversion (sur-sum-ver' -shun) [sursum; 
 vertere, to turn]. The movement of both eyes 
 up. 
 
 Surumpe. The name in the Andes for hyper- 
 esthesia of the retina observed at great 
 altitudes. 
 
 Survivorship (sur-vi' -vor-ship) [super; vivere, 
 to live]. In medical jurisprudence the prob- 
 ability of a certain individual having survived 
 others when all concerned were in the same 
 accident and all were killed. 
 
 Susceptivity (sus-sep-tiv'-it-e) [suscipere, to 
 undertake]. The state or quality of being 
 susceptible. 
 
 Suscitability (sus-si-ta-biV '-it-e) [suscitare, to 
 lift up]. The quality of being easily roused 
 or excited. 
 
 Suscitation (sus-si-ta' -shun) . The act of ex- 
 citing. 
 
 Susotoxin (su-so-tok'-sin) [sus, pig; to$ckov, 
 poison], Ci H 26 N 2 . A ptomain found in 
 cultures of the bacillus of hog cholera. 
 
 Suspension (sus-pen' -shun) [sub-; pendere, to 
 hang]. Hanging; a mode of treatment of 
 tabes dorsalis and other nervous diseases, 
 
SUSPENSORY 
 
 948 
 
 SUTURE 
 
 in which the patient hangs by the neck, 
 chin, and shoulders. 
 
 Suspensory {sus-pen' -so-re) [see Suspension]. 
 i. Serving for suspension, as suspensory 
 ligament, suspensory bandage. 2. A de- 
 vice for suspending a part. 
 
 Sustentaculum {sus-ten-tak' -u-lum) \susten~ 
 tare, to support]. A support. S. tali, a 
 process of the os calcis supporting the as- 
 tragalus. 
 
 Susurrus (su-su'-rus) [L.]. A soft murmur. 
 
 Sutural {su'-tu-raT) [suture]. Pertaining to a 
 suture. 
 
 Suture (su'-tur) [sutura, from suere, to sew]. 
 1. A line of joining or closure, as a cranial 
 suture. 2. A stitch or series of stitches used 
 in closing the lips of a wound. S., 
 Arcuate, S., Basilar, the junction between 
 the basilar surface of the occipital bone and 
 the posterior surface of the body of the 
 sphenoid. S., Billroth's, the buttonhole 
 stitch. S., Biparietal. See S., Sagittal. 
 S., Blatin's, a modification of Gely's in 
 which one needle and two threads of different 
 colors are used. S., Buried, one completely 
 covered by and not involving the skin. S., 
 Catgut, one in which the material employed 
 is catgut. S., Chainstitch, the sewing ma- 
 chine stitch. S., Circular, one that is applied 
 to the entire circumference of a divided part, 
 as the intestine. S., Cobbler's, one made 
 by arming a needle with two threads. S., 
 Continuous, S., Glover's, one in which the 
 thread passes across the wound continually 
 in the same direction, and is tied only at the 
 beginning and end. S., Coronal, the union 
 of the frontal with the parietal bones trans- 
 versely across the vertex of the skull. S., 
 Cranial, the line of union of two or more 
 cranial bones. S., Cross, the applica- 
 tion of two single stitches to a T-wound. 
 S., Czerny's, for intestinal wounds, one in 
 which the needle is passed from the serous 
 surface through the wound, down to, but not 
 including, the mucous membrane, and through 
 the wound on the opposite side, and out on 
 the serous surface. S., Czerny-Lembert, 
 the application of Lembert sutures after the 
 Czerny sutures are in place. S., Dry, one 
 carried through adhesive-plaster strips applied 
 to the lips of the wound. S., Ethmo- 
 frontal, the union between the frontal 
 and ethmoid bones. S., Ethmolacrimal, 
 the union between the lacrimal and eth- 
 moid bones. S., Ethmosphenoid, the 
 union between the sphenoid and ethmoid 
 bones. S., Ford's Friction -knot, a square 
 knot is tied for the first stitch, then the needle 
 is passed as for a single-knot stitch, turning 
 the thread twice around the needle instead 
 of once. The last stitch is a square knot. 
 S., Ford's Single-knot, the needle is passed 
 through the divided tissues and, without cut- 
 ting the thread, a square knot is tied. For 
 the second stitch the thread is held or thrown 
 so that the needle will emerge in a loop, and 
 when it is drawn through, a single knot will 
 
 be formed. S., Ford's Square -knot, the 
 
 same steps are taken as for the single-knot, 
 and for the second stitch pass the needle 
 under the thread connecting the knots in the 
 opposite direction from which the needle 
 was inserted into the tissues. S., The Four 
 Masters', a suture of the intestine used in 
 the thirteenth century in which the trachea 
 of a goose was used as a means of support 
 and the ends of the severed intestine brought 
 into position on it and sutured with four 
 interrupted stitches which did not include 
 the trachea. S., Frontal, a suture which 
 at birth joins the two frontal bones from the 
 vertex to the root of the nose, but which after- 
 ward becomes obliterated. S . , Frontomalar , 
 the union between the malar and frontal 
 bones. S., Frontomaxillary, the union 
 between the superior maxillary and frontal 
 bones. S., Frontonasal, the union between 
 the nasal and frontal bones. S., Fronto- 
 parietal. See S., Coronal. S., Fronto- 
 sphenoid, the union between the wings of the 
 sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. S., 
 Frontotemporal, the union between the 
 frontal and temporal bones. S., Grad's 
 Method of,. in suturing a wound it consists 
 in placing in each turn of the knot a releasing 
 pull thread. S., Granny -knot, a single- 
 knot stitch is formed and the needle is passed 
 in the opposite direction from which it was 
 inserted under the thread in forming a square 
 knot. S., Grieg Smith's, a modification of 
 Appolito's method, which removes the neces- 
 sity of the insertion of a foreign substance 
 in the lumen of the gut. S., Harelip, S., 
 Twisted, one in which the edges of the wound 
 are transfixed with pins and approximation 
 secured by twisting or wrapping the ends of 
 the pins with thread. S., Intermaxillary, 
 the union between the superior maxillary 
 bones. S., Internasal, the union between 
 the nasal bones. S., Interparietal. See 
 S., Sagittal. S., Interrupted, one of a 
 series of sutures passed through the margins 
 of the wound, and each of which is tied 
 separately. S., Jugal. See S., Sagittal. 
 S.,Kalt. See Stitch, Sclerocorneal. S., Lamb- 
 do id, the union between the two superior 
 borders of the occipital bone and the parietal 
 bones. S., Larry's, a double glovers' stitch, 
 with threads of a different color. S., Lem- 
 bert 's, an intestinal suture for wounds in which 
 the needle is passed transversely to the wound 
 through the peritoneal and muscular coats, 
 and out again on one side of the wound, 
 and then carried across the wound and made 
 to penetrate the two outer coats as before. 
 S., Lewis', a modification of the right-angle 
 stitch. S., Longitudinal. See S., Sagittal. 
 S., Marcey's, the cobbler-stitch used for 
 hernia. S., Mastooccipital. See S., Occip- 
 itomastoid. S., Mastoparietal. See S., 
 Parietomastoid. S., Mattress, a continuous 
 suture which is made back and forth through 
 both lips of a wound. S., Maxillolacrimal, 
 the union between the lacrimal and superior 
 
 -- 
 
SUTURE 
 
 949 
 
 SUTURE 
 
 Suture of Le Dentu. 
 
 Tendon-suture of Le Fort. 
 
 Tendon-suture. — (Wolfler, 
 after Lejars.) 
 
 Tongue and Groove Suture. 
 
 Lembert's Suture. 
 
 Sutures for Immediate Gastrostomy. 
 
 Sutures for Immediate Gastrostomy. 
 
SUTURE 
 
 950 
 
 SUTURE 
 
 Halsted's Plain Quilt-suture. 
 
 Bouisson's Suture. 
 
 Dupuytren's Suture. 
 
 Gely's Suture, 
 
 Emmet's Suture. 
 
SUTURE 
 
 951 
 
 SUTURE 
 
 ^"^^mir-fi" 
 
 Continuous Suture. 
 
 Quilted Sutures. 
 
 Hare-lip Suture. — (Moullin.) 
 
 Interrupted Suture. — {Moullin.) 
 
 Jobert's Suture. 
 
SUZANNE'S GLAND 
 
 952 
 
 SYCORETIN 
 
 maxillary bones. S., Mediofrontal. See 
 S., Frontal. S., Metopic. See S., Frontal. 
 S., Mitchell-Hunner's, the application of a 
 quilted suture to the mesenteric border of the 
 gut. S., Nasofrontal, the frontonasal suture. 
 S., Nasomaxillary, the union between the 
 superior maxillary and nasal bones. S., 
 Occipital. See S., Lambdoid. S., Oc- 
 cipitomastoid, the union between the mastoid 
 portion of the temporal bone and the occipital 
 bone. S., Occipitoparietal. See S., Lamb- 
 doid. S., Palatine, the union between the 
 palate bones. S., Palatine Transverse. See 
 S., Palatomaxillary. S., Palatomaxillary, 
 a suture between the palatal processes of the 
 os palatinum and the superior maxilla. S., 
 Parallel, a continuous subcuticular suture. 
 S., Parietomastoid, the union between the 
 mastoid portion of the temporal bone and 
 the parietal bone. S., Petrooccipital, the 
 union between the occipital bone and the 
 petrous portion of the temporal. S., Petro- 
 sphenoid, the union between the great wing 
 of the sphenoid bone and the petrous portion 
 of the temporal. S., Pin-. See S., Hare- 
 lip. S., Quill-, S., Quilled, one in which 
 a doubled thread is passed and tied over 
 quills or pieces of a soft catheter. S., Quilted, 
 one similar to a mattress suture. S., Re- 
 laxation-, one introduced some distance 
 from the wound-margin, carried through its 
 depths, and made to emerge at some distance 
 on the opposite side, to relieve the tension 
 of the wound-sutures proper. S., Sagittal, 
 the union between the superior borders of 
 the parietal bones. S., Sclerocorneal, of 
 Kalt. See Stitch, Sclerocorneal. S., Shotted, 
 one in which both ends of the suture 
 are passed through a perforated shot, which 
 is then tightly compressed. S., Spheno- 
 malar, the union between the malar bone 
 and the great wing of the sphenoid. S., 
 Sphenopalatine, a cranial suture between 
 the sphenoid and palatine bones. S., 
 Sphenoparietal, the union between the greater 
 wing of the sphenoid bone and the parietal 
 bone. S., Sphenotemporal, the union be- 
 tween the temporal and the sphenoid bone. S., 
 Squamoparietal, S., Squamosal, the union 
 between the squamous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone and the parietal bone. S., 
 Squamosphenoid, the union between the 
 great wing of the sphenoid and the squamous 
 portion of the temporal bone. S., Subcu- 
 ticular, a buried, continuous suture in 
 which the needle is passed horizontally into 
 the true skin back and forth until the wound 
 is closed. S., du Verger's, a modification 
 of the four masters' ; he used only two stitches, 
 both of which included the foreign support. 
 S., Watson's, a glovers' stitch uniting the 
 gut over a cannula of fish-glue. S., Weber's, 
 a fine groove or suture on the inner surface 
 of the nasal process of the superior maxilla. 
 S., Wormian, Anterior, the upper part of 
 the lambdoid suture. 
 Suzanne's Gland. A mucous gland found in 
 
 the floor of the mouth close to the median 
 line. 
 
 Swallowing. Deglutition. 
 
 Swallow's-nest. The nidus hirundinis. 
 
 Swamp -sassafras. The Magnolia glauca, the 
 bark of which is aromatic and diaphoretic. 
 
 Sweat (swet) [AS., swat]. The secretion 
 of the sudoriferous glands, consisting of a 
 transparent, colorless, aqueous fluid, holding 
 in solution neutral fats, volatile fatty acids, 
 cholesterin, traces of albumin and urea, free 
 lactic acid, sodium lactate, sodium chlorid, 
 potassium chlorid, and traces of alkaline 
 phosphates. S., Bloody. See Hematidrosis. 
 S., English. See Sweating - sickness. 
 S. -gland, one of the small glands secreting 
 the sweat, situated in the true skin and 
 subcutaneous areolar tissue, consisting of a 
 convoluted tube from which the excretory 
 duct passes outward through the skin. 
 In its passage through the epidermis the 
 duct is more or less spiral. S., Picardy. 
 See Sweating-sickness. 
 
 Sweating-sickness. An infective, febrile epi- 
 demic disorder, characterized by a rapid course 
 and profuse perspiration. It was prevalent 
 in England at the end of the fifteenth and 
 first half of the sixteenth century. Syn., 
 English sweat; Miliaria; Picardy sweat; 
 Sudor anglicus; Fr., Suette miliaire; Ger., 
 Schweissfreisel. 
 
 Swediaur's Disease. See Albert's Disease. 
 
 Swedish Movements . Certain systematic gym- 
 nastic exercises intended to exercise and de- 
 velop the human body, and affect function, 
 nutrition, etc. 
 
 Sweet. Having a taste like that of sugar or 
 honey. 
 
 Sweetbread, i . The pancreas. 2. The thymus. 
 
 Swelling {swel'-ing) [ME., swellen, to swell]. 
 Any morbid enlargement, inflation, tumor, 
 or protuberance! S., Albuminous. See S., 
 Cloudy. S., Blennorrhagic (of the knee), 
 the enlargement of the knee which occurs in 
 gonorrheal synovitis. S., Cloudy, a swelling 
 of cells due to disturbed nutrition. S., 
 Glassy, amyloid degeneration. S., Lacteal, 
 a swelling of the breast due to obstruction 
 of the lacteal ducts. S., Sommering's 
 Crystalline, an annular swelling formed 
 in the lower part of the capsule, behind the 
 iris, after extraction of the crystalline lens. 
 S., White. 1. A disease of the bones which 
 causes them to dilate as if distended by pres- 
 sure from within. 2. A tumor, usually of the 
 wrist or ankle, due to caries. Syn., Hydrar- 
 throsis. 
 
 Swine-fever. Hog cholera. 
 
 Swine Plague. An infectious disease of swine, 
 due to the bacillus of swine plague. 
 
 Swoon. Syncope. 
 
 Sycoceryl (si-ko-ser'-il). Applied to an alcohol 
 the acetate of which is a constituent of sy- 
 coretin. S. Hydrate, sycoceryl aldehyd. 
 
 Sycoretin (si-ko-re f -tin) [oukov, fig; icqpbc, wax]. 
 A resin found in 1855 in Ficus rubiginosa, of 
 New South Wales. 
 
SYCOSE 
 
 953 
 
 SYMPHYSIS 
 
 Sycose (si'-koz). Saccharin. 
 
 Sycosiform (si-ko' -se-form) [sycosis; forma, 
 form]. Resembling sycosis. 
 
 Sycosis (si-ko' -sis) [oumoocc, a fig-like excrescence 
 on the flesh]. An inflammatory disease 
 affecting the hair-follicles, particularly of 
 the beard, and characterized by papules, 
 pustules, and tubercles, perforated by hairs, 
 together with infiltration of the skin and 
 crusting. S. parasitaria, S., Parasitic, 
 barber's itch, a disease of the hair-follicles, 
 usually affecting the region covered by the 
 beard, and due to the presence of the tricho- 
 phyton fungus. 
 
 Sydenham's Chorea. See Chorea, Syden- 
 ham's. S.'s Cough. See Cough, Syden- 
 ham's. 
 
 Syllabic Utterance. Scanning speech. 
 
 Sylvester's Method. See under Artificial Res- 
 piration. 
 
 Sylvian (sil'-ve-an). Described by the anato- 
 mist Sylvius (1478-1555). S. Angle, the 
 angle formed by the posterior limb of the 
 sylvian fissure with a line perpendicular to 
 the superior border of the hemisphere. S. 
 Aqueduct. See Aquceductus sylvii. S. 
 Artery, the middle cerebral artery, lying in 
 the fissure of Sylvius. S. Fissure. See 
 Fissure of Sylvius. S. Fossa, S. Valley, the 
 depression which appears on the surface of the 
 brain about the end of the second month of 
 fetal life and afterward becomes the sylvian 
 fissure. S. Vein, one of the veins of the con- 
 vexity of the brain, which courses at first along 
 the fissure of Sylvius and then ascends across 
 the hemisphere. S. Ventricle, the fifth 
 ventricle. 
 
 Sylviduct (sil'-ve-dukt). The aqueduct of 
 Sylvius., 
 
 Sym- (sim-). The same as Syn-. 
 
 Symbiosis (sim-be-o'-sis). See Commensal- 
 ism. 
 
 Symblepharon (sim-blef -ar-on) [ouv, together; 
 pkk(f>apov, the eyelid]. Adhesion of the eye- 
 lids to the eyeball. S., Anterior, when the 
 edge of the lid is adherent. S., Posterior, 
 when the adhesion is at the conjunctival 
 fold. S., Total, when the entire lid is 
 adherent. 
 
 Symblepharopterygium (sim-blef -ar-o-ter-ij'- 
 e-um). A variety of symblepharon in which 
 a cicatricial band resembling a pterygium 
 connects the lid and the eyeball. 
 
 Syme's Amputation, S.'s Operation. Am- 
 putation at the ankle-joint. 
 
 Symmelus, Symelus {sim'-el-us) [ouv, together; 
 fieloc, a limb]. A species of monster charac- 
 terized by imperfect development of the 
 pelvis and lower extremities with more or 
 less intimate fusion of the latter. 
 
 Symmetric, Symmetrical {sim-et'-rik, sim-et'- 
 rik-af) [oufxp.erp'ca, proportion]. Pertaining 
 to or exhibiting symmetry. S. Gangrene*. 
 See Sphaceloderma. 
 
 Sympathetic (sim-path-et'-ik) [see Sympathy]. 
 
 1. Pertaining to or produced by sympathy. 
 
 2. Conveying sympathy or sympathetic im- 
 
 pulses, as the sympathetic system. S. Gang- 
 lions. See under 5. System. S. Irri- 
 tation, irritation of an organ arising from 
 irritation of another related organ, as sym- 
 pathetic irritation of one eye from irritation 
 of the other. S. Nerve. See 5. System. 
 S. Ophthalmia, inflammation of one eye 
 arising subsequent to inflammation of the 
 other eye. S. Plexuses. See under 5. 
 System. S. System, a system of ganglions 
 (sympathetic ganglions) forming a chain 
 from the cranium to the end of the 
 spinal column, connected together by nerve- 
 fibers, and supplying the viscera and blood- 
 vessels. At intervals the sympathetic nerves 
 and ganglions form plexuses (sympathetic 
 plexuses) . 
 
 Sympatheticectomy (sim-pa-thet-e-sek' -to-me). 
 Excision of parts of the sympathetic nerve. 
 
 Sympatheticoparalytic (sim-path-et-ik-o-par- 
 al-it'-ik). ■ Due to paralysis of the sympathetic 
 nerve. 
 
 Sympatheticotonic (sim-path-et-ik-o-ton'-ik) . 
 Applied to migraine caused by tonic contrac- 
 tion of the arteries due to overaction of the 
 sympathetic. 
 
 Sympathiconeuritis (sim-path-ik-o-nu-ri'-tis) . 
 Inflammation of the sympathetic nerve. 
 
 Sympathicotripsy (sim - path -ik-o- trip' - se) 
 [sympathy; zpcftstv, to crush]. In treatment 
 of mental diseases, crushing of the superior 
 cervical ganglion. 
 
 Sympathism (sim'-path-izm). Susceptibility to 
 hypnotic suggestion. 
 
 Sympathist (sim'-path-ist). One who is sus- 
 ceptible to hypnotic suggestion. 
 
 Sympathy (sim' -path-e) [ouv, together; nadog, 
 suffering]. The mutual relation between 
 parts more or less distant, whereby a change 
 in the one has an effect upon the other. 
 
 Symperitoneal (sim-per-it-on-e'-al) [syn-; peri- 
 toneum]. Connecting artificially two parts 
 of the peritoneum. 
 
 Symphiocephalus (sim-fi-o-sef -al-us) [syn-; 
 <f>u£tv, to grow; KsefxxXr], the head]. A twin 
 monster with the union in the head. 
 
 Symphorol (sim'-for-ol) [syn-; <f)opa, that which 
 is brought forth]. A generic name for the 
 caffein sulfates or sulfocaffeinates. S. L, 
 lithium and caffein sulfonate. S. N, sodium 
 and caffein sulfate. S. S, strontium and 
 caffein sulfonate. 
 
 Symphysal, Symphyseal (sim'-fiz-al, sim-fiz'- 
 e-al) [symphysis]. Pertaining to a symphysis. 
 
 Symphyseorrhaphy, Symphysiorrhaphy (sim- 
 fiz-e-or' -af-e) [symphysis; pa(f>rj, a seam]. 
 Suture of a divided symphysis. 
 
 Symphysiotomy (sim-fiz-e-of -o-me) [symphysis; 
 rofirj, a cutting]. The operation of dividing 
 the symphysis pubis for the purpose of in- 
 creasing the diameters of the pelvic canal 
 and facilitating labor. 
 
 Symphysis (sim'-fiz-is) [ouv, together; cfruecv, to 
 grow]. The line of junction of two bones. 
 S. cartilaginosa, synchondrosis. S. lig- 
 amentosa, syndesmosis. S. mandibulae, 
 S. menti, the central vertical ridge upon 
 
SYMPIESOMETER 
 
 954 
 
 SYNCARYOSIS 
 
 the outer aspect of the lower jaw, showing 
 the line of union of the two halves. S. pubis, 
 the line of junction of the pubic bones. 
 
 Sympiesometer (sim-pe-es-om'-et-ur) [ouv, to- 
 gether; izceoic;, a squeezing; petpov, a measure]. 
 An apparatus for estimating pressure. 
 
 Symplocarpus foetidus (sim-plo-kar' -pus fet'- 
 id-us). Dracontium fcetidum, or skunk-cab- 
 bage, the rhizome of which is stimulant, 
 antispasmodic, and narcotic, and has been 
 used in asthma, chronic rheumatism, chorea, 
 hysteria, etc. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 
 Gm.). 
 
 Symplocos {sim'-plo-kos) [oup.izXoK.oc, twined]. 
 A genus of the Styracece. The leaves of S. 
 alstonia, a tree of South America, are used as 
 mate and also as a digestive and diaphoretic. 
 S. platyphylla, sweetleaf, is indigenous to the 
 southern United States and South America; 
 the root bark is used in intermittent fever. 
 S. racemosa is indigenous to India, and fur- 
 nishes a red coloring-matter and lodh-bark, 
 used in plasters. It contains lotourin, 
 colloturin, and lotouridin. 5. tinctoria, sweet- 
 leaf, of South Carolina, contains in its sweet 
 leaves a yellow coloring-matter. The root 
 is used as a digestive. 
 
 Symptom {simp' -torn) [ouv, together; nxcbpa, 
 a falling]. The change in a patient occurring 
 during disease and serving to point out its 
 nature and location. See Sign. S., Ac- 
 cessory, S., Assident, a minor symptom. 
 S., Accidental, one intervening in the 
 course of a disease without having any con- 
 nection with it. S. -complex, the en- 
 semble of symptoms of a disease. See also 
 Syndrome. S. -complex, Avellis', paralysis 
 of one-half of the soft palate, associated with 
 a recurrent paralysis on the same side. S.- 
 complex, Benedikt's, tremor of one side of 
 the body, in part or wholly, and oculomotor 
 paralysis of the other side. S. -complex, 
 Bernhardt-Roth's. See Bernhardt' s Pares- 
 thesia. S. - complex, Erb - Goldflam's. 
 See Erb's Disease. S. -complex, Escher- 
 ich's. See Pseudotetanus. S.-complex, 
 Friedmann's Vasomotor, a train of symp- 
 toms following injury to the head, consisting 
 of headache, vertigo, nausea and intolerance 
 of mental and physical exertions and of gal- 
 vanic excitation; it is occasionally associated 
 with ophthalmoplegia and mydriasis. These 
 phenomena may subside and recur with 
 greater intensity, with fever, unconsciousness, 
 and paralysis of the cranial nerves, ending 
 in fatal coma. They are probably due to an 
 encephalitis of slow development with acute 
 exacerbations. S.-complex, Hoppe-Gold- 
 flam's. See Erb's Disease. S.-complex, 
 Putnam-Dana's, combined sclerosis of the 
 lateral and posterior columns of the spinal 
 cord. S.-complex, Roth's. See Bern- 
 hardt' s Paresthesia. S.-complex, Wilk's. 
 See Erb's Disease. S.s, Concomi- 
 tant, accessory phenomena occurring in 
 connection with the essential phenomena 
 of a disease. S., Constitutional, S., Gen- 
 
 eral, one produced by the effect of the disease 
 on the whole body. S., Dissociation-. 
 See Dissociation-symptom. S., Equivocal, 
 one of doubtful significance. S., Local, one 
 indicating the concentration of a disease in a 
 certain part of the body. S., Objective, 
 one observed by the physician. S. , Rational, 
 a subjective symptom. S., Signal, the 
 first disturbance of sensation preceding 
 a more extensive convulsion, as the aura 
 heralding an attack of epilepsy. S., Sub- 
 jective, one observed only by the patient. 
 S. turpitudinis, nymphomania. 
 
 Symptomatic (simp-tom-at'-ik) [symptom]. 
 1. Pertaining to or of the nature of a symp- 
 tom. 2. Affecting symptoms, as symp- 
 tomatic treatment. S. Anthrax. See Black- 
 leg. 
 
 Symptomatology (simp - torn -at-oV -0- je) 
 [symptom; Xoyog, science]. The science of 
 symptoms; the symptoms of disease taken 
 together as a whole. 
 
 Sympus (sim'-pus) [ouv, together; xouc, foot]. 
 A monster in which there is a coalescence of 
 the lower limbs. 
 
 Syn- (sin-) [ouv, together]. A prefix signifying 
 with or together. 
 
 Synadelphus (sin-ad-el f -fus) [syn-; ddeXcpoc, 
 brother]. A monster having eight limbs 
 with but one head and trunk. 
 
 Synalgia (sin-aV-je-ah) [syn-; aXyoc, pain]. 
 Pain felt in a distant part from an injury or 
 stimulation of another part. 
 
 Synanthema (sin-an' -them-ah) [ouvavdecv, to 
 blossom together]. A group of efflorescences 
 on the skin. 
 
 Synantherin (sin-an' -ther -in). See Inulin. 
 
 Synanthrose (sin-an' -throz). See Levulose. 
 
 Synapse (sin-ap f -se). See Synapsis. 
 
 Synapsis (sin-ap'-sis) [syn-; anxecv, to clasp]. 
 The anatomic relation of one neuron with 
 another. The intertwining of the terminal 
 arborizations of the neurons by means of 
 which nerve-impulses may pass from one to 
 another. Syn., Synapse. 
 
 Synaptase (sin-ap'-taz). Sec Emulsin. 
 
 Synarthrodia (sin-ar-thro'-de-ah). See Syn- 
 arthrosis. 
 
 Synarthrodial (sin-ar-thro'-de-aV) [synarthrosis]. 
 Pertaining to or of the nature of a synar- 
 throsis. 
 
 Synarthrophysis (sin-ar-thro-fi f -sis) [syn-; ar- 
 throsis; <f>6eev, to grow]. Progressive anky- 
 losis of the joints. 
 
 Synarthrosis (sin-ar-thro' -sis) [syn-; apdpov, 
 a joint]. A form of articulation in which the 
 bones are immovably bound together without 
 any intervening synovial cavity. The forms 
 are sutura, in which processes are interlocked; 
 schindylesis, in which a thin plate of one bone 
 is inserted into a cleft of another; and gom- 
 phosis, in which a conic process is held by a 
 socket. 
 
 Syncaryosis (sin-kar-e-o'-sis) [syn-; mpuov, a 
 nut]. A term proposed by His for syncytial 
 formation or the growth of the multinuclear 
 giant-cells. 
 
SYNCEPHALUS 
 
 955 
 
 SYNECHIA 
 
 Syncephalus (sin-se}'-al-us) [syn-; Kefadl}, 
 head]. A monster with two heads fused into 
 one. 
 
 Synchondrosis (sin-kon-dro'-sis) [syn-; xovopoc, 
 a cartilage]. A joint in which the surfaces 
 are connected by a growth of cartilage. S., 
 Sacroiliac, the union between the sacrum and 
 the ilium. 
 
 Synchondrotomy (sin-kon-drot'-o-me) [syn-; 
 Xovdpoc, cartilage; zi/Jtvecv, to cut]. A divi- 
 sion of the cartilage uniting bones, especially 
 of that of the symphysis pubis. 
 
 Synchronous (sin' -kro-nus) [syn-; %pbvoc, time]. 
 Occurring at the same time. 
 
 Synchysis scintillans (sin'-kis-is sin' -til-lanz) 
 [ouyxuocc, a mixing together]. The presence 
 of bright, shining particles in the vitreous 
 humor of the eye. 
 
 Synclonus (sin'-klo-nus) [syn-; kXovoc, clonus], 
 i. Clonic movements occurring simultaneous- 
 ly in several muscles. 2. A disease thus char- 
 acterized, as chorea. 
 
 Syncopal (sin'-ko-pal) [syncope]. Pertaining 
 to or characterized by syncope. 
 
 Syncope (sin'-ko-pe) [syn-; kotzxuv, to strike or 
 cut]. Swooning or fainting, a partial or 
 complete temporary suspension of the func- 
 tions of respiration and circulation from 
 cerebral anemia. S., Local, sudden pallor 
 and insensibility of a part. 
 
 Syncyanin (sin-si' -an-in). A blue pigment 
 elaborated by Bacillus cyanogenus. 
 
 Syncytial (sin-sit'-e-af) [see Syncytium]. Per- 
 taining to a syncytium. 
 
 Syncytioma (sin-sit-e-o'-mah) [syncytium; op.a, 
 a tumor]. A tumor composed of syncytial 
 tissue. S. malignum, malignant degen- 
 eration of the villi of the chorion. See 
 Deciduoma malignum. 
 
 Syncytium (sin-sit'-e-um) [syn-; kutoc, a cell]. 
 1. A mass of protoplasm with numerous 
 nuclei. 2. The collection of epithelial cells 
 forming the outermost covering of the cho- 
 rionic villi. 
 
 Syndactylia, Syndactylism, Syndactyly 
 (sin-dak-til' -e-ah, sin-dak' -til-izm, sin-dak'- 
 til-e) [syn-; oaKXufoc, finger]. Adhesion be- 
 tween fingers or toes; webbed fingers; 
 webbed toes. 
 
 Syndectomy (sin-dek'-to-me). See Peritomy. 
 
 Syndesmitis (sin-dez-mi'-tis) [oovdeojioc, a 
 ligament; czic, inflammation]. 1. Inflam- 
 mation of a ligament. 2. Conjunctivitis. 
 
 Syndesmography (sin-dez-mog'-ra-}e) [syn- 
 desmos; ypafetv, to write]. The branch of 
 anatomy treating of ligaments. 
 
 Syndesmology (sin-dez-mol'-o-je). See Syn- 
 desmography. 
 
 Syndesmosis (sin-dez-mo'-sis) [syndesmos]. A 
 form of articulation in which the bones are 
 connected by ligaments. 
 
 Syndesmotomy (sin-dez-mot'-o-me) [syndes- 
 mos; zepLvecv, to cut]. 1. Dissection of the 
 ligaments. 2. The division of a liga- 
 ment. 
 
 Syndrome (sin'-drom) [ouv, together; dpopiof, 
 a running]. The aggregate symptoms of a 
 
 disease; a complex of symptoms. See 
 Symptom-complex. S., Basedow's, tachy- 
 cardia, flashes of heat, sweating crises. S., 
 Brissaud-Marie's, hysteric glossolabial hemi- 
 spasm. S. of Brown-Sequard. See Brown- 
 Sequard' s Paralysis under Sign. S., Char- 
 cot's, intermittent claudication, an affection 
 connected with arteriosclerosis of the lower 
 extremities. S., Cotard's, "delire chronique 
 des negations." A form of paranoia charac- 
 terized by delusions of negation, with sen- 
 sory disturbances and a tendency to suicide. 
 S., Dercum's, adiposis dolorosa. S., Du- 
 chenne's, labioglossolaryngeal paralysis. S., 
 Duckworth's, complete stoppage of res- 
 piration several hours before that of the 
 heart in certain cerebral diseases attended 
 by intracranial pressure. S., Dupre's, menin- 
 gism; pseudomeningitis. S., Erb's. Syn- 
 onym of Asthenic bulbar paralysis. S., 
 Gaston's, anesthetic prurigo sometimes ob- 
 served in cases of alcoholism. S., Jackson's, 
 associated paralysis of the soft palate and 
 larynx, accompanied by paralysis of the 
 trapezius, sternomastoid, and one-half of 
 the tongue. S., Levulosuric. See S., Ma- 
 rie-Robinson's. S., Marie -Robinson's, a 
 variety of diabetes with melancholia, insomnia, 
 impotence, and the presence in the urine 
 of a levulose that disappears rapidly on the 
 suppression of carbohydrates. S., Millard- 
 Gubler's. See Gubler's Hemiplegia. S. 
 of Pierre Marie, hypertrophic osteoarthro- 
 pathy. S., Potain's, dyspepsia and dilation 
 of the right ventricle with accentuation of 
 the pulmonary sound, observed during the 
 digestive process in cases of gastrectasis. 
 S., Riegel's, the association of tachycardia 
 with troubles simulating asthma. S., Ro- 
 senbach's, a variety of paroxysmal tachy- 
 cardia consisting in the association of cardiac, 
 respiratory, and gastric troubles. S., Stokes'. 
 See Adams-Stokes' Disease. S. temporanea 
 di Gubler. See Gubler's Hemiplegia. S., 
 Turner's, a congenital state of general tissue 
 debility, resulting in relaxation and displace- 
 ment of various organs, such as splanch- 
 noptosis, varicocele, uterine displacements, 
 etc. S. of Weber, paralysis of the oculo- 
 motor nerve of one side and of the extremities, 
 the face and the hypoglossal nerve of the 
 other side. It is usually due to a lesion lim- 
 ited to the inferior and inner part of one 
 cerebral peduncle. S., Weil's, unilateral 
 hyperesthesia of the muscles, nerve-trunks, 
 and bones, sometimes seen in cases of pul- 
 monary tuberculosis. 
 Synechia (sin-e-ki'-ah or si-ne'-ke-ah) [ouv, to- 
 gether; execv, to hold]. A morbid union of 
 parts; especially, adhesion of the iris to a 
 neighboring part of the eye. S., Annular, 
 S., Circular, exclusion of the pupil. S., 
 Anterior, adhesion between the iris and 
 transparent cornea. S., Posterior, adhesion 
 between the iris and crystalline lens. Syn., 
 Ptosis diplopia. S., Total, adhesion of the 
 entire surface of the iris to the lens. 
 
SYNECHOTOMY 
 
 956 
 
 SYPHILIN 
 
 Synechotomy (sin -ek-ot' -o- me) {synechia; 
 ripLvscv, to cut]. The division of a synechia. 
 
 Synectenterotomy (sin-ek-ten-ter-of -o-me) [syn- 
 echia; enterotomy]. The division of an 
 intestinal adhesion. 
 
 Synergic (sin-er' -jik) [synergy]. Pertaining to 
 synergy. 
 
 Synergist (sin'-er-jist) [synergy]. An agent 
 cooperating with another. 
 
 Synergy (sin'-er-je) [syn-; 'kpyov, work]. The 
 cooperative action of two or more agents 
 (synergists) or organs. 
 
 Synesis (sin'-e-sis) [ouveocc, a coming together]. 
 Faculty of comprehension, intelligence, sa- 
 gacity. 
 
 Synesthesia (sin-es-the' '-ze-ah) [syn-; dlodi]occ, 
 sensation]. A secondary sensation or sub- 
 jective impression accompanying an actual 
 perception. 
 
 Synetion, Synaetion (sin-e' '-shun) [syn-; ah'ca, 
 cause]. A cause which cooperates with 
 another to produce disease. 
 
 Syngenesis (sin-jen'-es-is) [syn-; ykvzotc, gen- 
 eration], i. The theory that the embryo 
 is the product of the union of the male and 
 female elements; also the theory that the 
 embryo contains within itself the germs of 
 all future generations developed from it. 
 2. Reproduction by union of male and fe- 
 male elements. 
 
 Syngenetic (sin-jen-et'-ik) [see Syngenesis]. 
 Propagated by means of both parents. 
 
 Syngignoscism (sin-jig' -no-sizm) [syn-; ycy- 
 vihoecv, to know]. Hypnotism, so termed from 
 the agreeing of one mind with another. 
 
 Synizesis (sin-iz-e' -sis) [syn-; "c^ttv, to sit]. 
 Closure. S. pupillae, closure of the pupil. 
 
 Synkinesis (sin-kin-e'-sis) [syn-; ncvqcrcc, move- 
 ment]. Involuntary movement taking place 
 in one part of the body synchronously with 
 or in consequence of a voluntary or reflex 
 movement in another part. 
 
 Synneurosis (sin-nu-ro'-sis). See Syndesmosis. 
 
 Synocha, Synochus (sin'-o-kah, sin'-o-kus) 
 [syn-; '&%£&, to hold on]. Any continued 
 fever. 
 
 Synophthalmus (sin-of-thal'-mus). See Cy- 
 clops. 
 
 Synorchism (sin-or'-kizm) [syn-; bpx^c, testicle]. 
 Partial or complete fusion of the two tes- 
 ticles. 
 
 Synosteophyte (sin-os'-te-o-fit) [syn-; ooxkov, 
 a bone; cfiuzov, a growth]. Congenital bony 
 ankylosis. Syn., Synostosis congenita. 
 
 Synosteotome (sin-os' -te-o-tom). A knife for 
 the dissection of joints. 
 
 Synostosis (sin-os-to'-sis) [syn-; ooxkov, bone]. 
 A union of normally separate bones by 
 osseous material. S. congenita. See Syn- 
 osteophyte. S., Tribasilar, shortening of the 
 base of the skull and consequent curvature 
 of the basal parts of the brain; a cause of 
 imbecility. 
 
 Synostotic (sin-os-tot'-ik) [synostosis]. Per- 
 taining to or of the nature of synostosis. 
 
 Synotus (sin-o'-tus) [syn-; ouc, ear]. A monster 
 characterized by fused ears. 
 
 Synovia (sin-o'-ve-ah) [syn-; wov, an egg]. 
 The clear, alkaline, lubricating fluid secreted 
 within synovial membranes. 
 
 Synovial (sin-o' -ve-al) [synovia]. Pertaining 
 to the synovia. S. Bursa. See Bursa, 
 Synovial. S. Membrane. See Membrane, 
 Synovial. S. Sheath, a synovial membrane 
 which lines the cavity attached to a bone and 
 through which a tendon glides. 
 
 Synovitis (sin-o-vi'-tis) [synovia; cue, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of a synovial mem- 
 brane. S., Acute Suppurative, a very acute 
 purulent form, of rheumatic or traumatic 
 origin, leading to ankylosis. Syn., Anthropyo- 
 sis empyema articuli; Pyarthrosis. S. hyper- 
 plasia, S. hyperplastica granulosa, S. 
 hyperplastica laevis, S. hyperplastica pan- 
 nosa, arthritis fungosa. 
 
 Synteretics (sin-ter-et'-iks) [ouvxypslv, to watch 
 closely]. Hygiene. 
 
 Synthesis (sin'-thes-is) [ouv, with; xcdrjvac, to 
 place]. In chemistry, the artificial forma- 
 tion of a compound by combining its constitu- 
 ents. 
 
 Synthetic (sin-thet'-ik) [synthesis]. Pertaining 
 to or produced by synthesis. 
 
 Synthetism (sin'-thet-izm) [synthesis]. The 
 sum of operations and means necessary for 
 reducing a fracture and holding the parts 
 in position. 
 
 Synthol (sin'-thot). A chemically pure syn- 
 thetic substitute for alcohol. It is colorless 
 and nonirritant. 
 
 Syntonin (sin'-to-nin) [ouvxovoc, contracted]. 
 An acidalbumin obtained by the action of 
 dilute hydrochloric acid upon the myosin 
 of muscle. 
 
 Syntopic (sin-top' -ik) [ouv, together; xoizoc, 
 place]. Applied by Waldeyer to a topographic 
 description which points out the relation of 
 a part or organ to the viscera or soft parts 
 of the organism. 
 
 Syntopy (sin'-to-pe). The relation of an organ 
 or part to the viscera of the organism. Cf. 
 Holotopy; Idiotopy; Skeletopy. 
 
 Syntoxoid (sin-toks'-oid) [syn-; xo^ckov, poison; 
 eldoc, likeness]. A toxoid having the same 
 affinity as toxin for antitoxin. 
 
 Syntrophus (sin'-tro-fus) [syn-; xpo<j>6c, a nurse]. 
 A congenital disease. 
 
 Synulodynia (sin-u-lo-din'-e-ah) [ouvouXojocc, 
 a scarring over; oduvq, pain]. Pain in a 
 cicatrix. 
 
 Syphilicoma (sif - il - ik - o' - mah)[ syphilis; 
 fcofieiv, to take care of]. A hospital for syph- 
 ilitics. 
 
 Syphilid, Syphilide (sif'-il-id) [syphilis]. Any 
 disease of the skin due to syphilis. Syphilids 
 may be erythematous, macular, acneiform, 
 lenticular, squamous, vesicular, pustular, 
 bullous, tubercular, rupial, etc. S., Sec- 
 ondary, any syphilid occurring during the 
 secondary stage of syphilis. S., Tertiary, 
 any syphilid occurring during the tertiary 
 stage of syphilis. 
 
 Syphilidologist. See Sy philologist. 
 
 Syphilin (sif'-il-in). See Syphilitoxin. 
 
SYPHILIS 
 
 957 
 
 SYRINGENIN 
 
 Syphilis {sif-il-is) [origin obscure]. A chronic 
 infectious disease, characterized by a variety of 
 structural lesions of which the chancre, the 
 mucous patch, and the gumma are the most 
 distinctive. A spirochete which has been found 
 in the lesions has been accepted as the cause. 
 The disease is generally acquired in sexual 
 congress, hence its earliest manifesta- 
 tions appear upon the genital organs, but 
 any abraded surface of the body, if brought 
 in contact with the syphilitic poison, may 
 give entrance to the infection. The earliest 
 lesion of acquired syphilis is the chancre, 
 initial sclerosis, or primary sore, which appears 
 after a period of incubation varying from 
 two to three weeks. It is usually a reddish- 
 brown papule with an ulcerated central 
 spot, and has a slight serous or purulent 
 discharge. Taken between the fingers it 
 is found to have a peculiar cartilaginous 
 hardness. Microscopically it consists of an 
 accumulation of round cells, epithelioid cells, 
 with, perhaps, a giant-cell here and there. 
 The blood-vessels present a hyperplasia of 
 the intima, to which in part the induration 
 of the chancre is due. Very soon after the 
 appearance of the chancre the nearest lymph- 
 atic glands become enlarged and indurated 
 — the indolent buboes of syphilis. The mu- 
 cous patch, condyloma latum, moist papule, 
 or mucous tubercle is located upon mucous 
 membranes, at mucocutaneous junctions, 
 or where two skin surfaces are in habitual 
 contact, and is a flat, scarcely elevated patch, 
 generally covered by a whitish pellicle. The 
 gumma or gummy tumor is a rounded nodule, 
 varying in size from the dimensions of a pea to 
 those of a small apple. Its favorite seats are 
 the periosteum of flat bones, the membranes 
 of the brain, the liver, spleen, and testicle. 
 It is usually soft, and contains in its interior 
 a gelatinous "gummy" material. Another 
 important though not distinctive lesion pro- 
 duced by syphilis is a diffuse sclerosis of the 
 blood-vessels, especially of the parenchymatous 
 organs. The clinical course of syphilis is 
 generally divided into three stages: the primary 
 {primary syphilis), characterized by the 
 presence of the chancre and of the indolent 
 bubo; the secondary {secondary syphilis), by 
 the mucous patch, cutaneous eruptions, sore 
 throat, and general enlargement of the 
 lymphatic glands; the tertiary {tertiary syph- 
 ilis), by the gumma and by severe skin-lesions. 
 Between the appearance of the chancre and 
 the secondary manifestations a period of six 
 weeks usually elapses. The tertiary phe- 
 nomena follow the secondary after a stage of 
 quiescence of variable length. Syphilis also 
 bears an important, but as yet obscure, re- 
 lation to certain diseases of the nervous system, 
 such as locomotor ataxia and paretic dementia. 
 S., Congenital. See S., Hereditary. S. 
 d'emblee, the invasion of syphilis without 
 a local lesion. S., Extragenital, that in 
 which the first lesion is situated elsewhere 
 than on the genital organs. S., Hereditary, 
 
 syphilis transmitted from parent to offspring. 
 See Cones' Law; Sign, Demarquay's, Hutch- 
 inson's, Krisowski' s, Silex's, Wegner's. S. 
 insontium, syphilis of the innocent, i. e., 
 syphilis acquired in an innocent manner, 
 or nonvenereal syphilis. S., Justus' Blood- 
 test in. See Justus' Test. S., Marital, 
 syphilis acquired in lawful wedlock. S., Non- 
 venereal. Synonym of S. insontium. S. 
 ceconomica, a form of syphilis insontium in 
 which the disease is acquired through eating 
 and drinking or household utensils, or by in- 
 cidental contact with syphilitic persons. S., 
 Pulmonary, a rare disease which is either he- 
 reditary or follows the initial attack after from 
 10 to 20 years or longer. Two forms may be 
 differentiated — a chronic interstitial indurative 
 process and a growth of gummas. S. tecb> 
 nica, syphilis acquired in following one's 
 occupation, as by physicians, midwives, 
 nurses. S., Venereal, syphilis acquired 
 in illegitimate sexual intercourse. S., Vis- 
 ceral, syphilis of the viscera — the lesions 
 are either inflammatory or gummatous. 
 
 Syphilitic {sif-il-it'-ik) [syphilis']. Pertaining 
 to or affected with syphilis. 
 
 Syphilitoxin {sif-il-e-toks'-in) [syphilis; to£ckov, 
 poison]. The supposed specific virus of 
 syphilis. 
 
 Syphilization {sif -il-i-za* - shun) [syphilis]. 
 1. Inoculation with syphilis, especially in- 
 oculation for the purpose of conferring im- 
 munity to future attacks. 2. The state pro- 
 duced by inoculation with syphilis. 
 
 Syphilocerebrosis {sif-il-o-ser-e-bro'-sis). Syph- 
 ilis affecting the brain. 
 
 Syphiloderm {sif -il-o -derm). See Syphilid. 
 
 Syphilogenesis, Syphilogeny {sif-il-o-jen'-e-sis, 
 sif -il-o j' -en-e) [syphilis; ytvvav, to produce]. 
 The origin or development of syphilis. 
 
 Syphilographer {sif-il-og'-ra-fer) [see syphil- 
 ography]. One who writes on syphilis. 
 
 Syphilography {sif - il - og' - ra - fe) [syphilis; 
 ■fpafecu, to write]. A treatise on syphilis. 
 
 Syphiloid {sif -il-oid) [syphilis; etdoc, like]. 
 1. Resembling syphilis. 2. A disease re- 
 sembling syphilis. 
 
 Syphilologist {sif-il-ol'-o-jist) [syphilis; Xoyoc, 
 science]. A specialist in the treatment of 
 syphilis. 
 
 Syphiloma {sif -il-o' -mah) [syphilis; 6/J.a, 
 tumor]. 1. A syphilitic gumma. 2. A term 
 * introduced by Ernst Wagner as a substitute 
 for gumma. 
 
 Syphilophobia {sif -il-o- fo' -be -ah) [syphilis; 
 4>6ftoc, dread]. 1. A condition in which the 
 patient imagines himself to be infected with 
 syphilis. 2. A morbid dread of syphilitic 
 infection. 
 
 Syriac Ulcer. Synonym of Diphtheria. 
 
 Syringe {sir'-inj) [oupif^, a pipe]. An appa- 
 ratus for injecting a liquid into a cavity. 
 
 Syringenin {sir-in' -jen-in) [Syringa, a genus of 
 shrubs]. C^H^Og + H 2 0. A dissociation 
 product of syringin by action of dilute acids; 
 a clear, rose-red, amorphous mass, soluble 
 in alcohol, insoluble in water and ether, 
 
SYRINGIN 
 
 958 
 
 SZABO'S TEST 
 
 Syringin {sir-in'-jin) [Syringa]. A crystalline 
 glucosid obtained from Syringa vulgaris, 
 Ci 7 H 24 9 + H 2 0, white, tasteless, acicular 
 crystals, soluble in alcohol and hot water, 
 boils at 19 1° C. It is antipyretic and anti- 
 periodic; used in malaria. Syn., Lilacin; 
 Ligustrin. 
 
 Syringious (sir -in- je' -us) [oupcy$, a tube]. 
 Fistulous. 
 
 Syringitis (sir-in- ji'-tis) [syrinx; exec, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the eustachian 
 tube. 
 
 Syringomyelia (sir-in-go-mi-e'-le-ah) [syrinx; 
 jnueXoc, marrow]. A condition characterized 
 by the presence of cavities in the substance 
 of the spinal cord. It is believed to be the 
 result of faulty development either affecting 
 the central canal, so that the latter remains 
 in an embryonal condition, and sends a 
 diverticulum into the posterior portion of the 
 cord, which may become constricted off, or 
 groups of embryonal neuroglia-cells remain 
 in the neighborhood of the central canal or 
 in the posterior portion of the spinal cord 
 and in later life take on active development 
 and form a gliomatous tumor. The degen- 
 eration of the latter then gives rise to cavities 
 in the cord. Syringomyelia occurs usually 
 between the ages of 20 and 30, and is character- 
 ized by progressive atrophy of the muscles, 
 especially of the upper extremity, by loss of 
 the pain-sense and temperature-sense, with 
 preservation of the tactile and muscular 
 sense (the socalled "dissociation symptom"), 
 and by vasomotor and trophic changes in 
 the skin, joints, etc. Syn., Myelosyringosis. 
 S., Grasset-Rauzier's Type of, a form 
 with marked sudoral and vasomotor symptoms. 
 S., Schlesinger's Type of, the dorsolumbar 
 type. 
 
 Syringomyelocele ( sir -in - go -mi' -el -o- sel ) 
 [syrinx; fiuekoc, marrow; nothca, cavity]. A 
 form of spina bifida in which the protruding 
 mass consists of membranes and nerve-sub- 
 stance, and the cavity of which communicates 
 with the central canal of the spinal cord. 
 
 Syringotome (sir-in' -go-tom) [syrinx; rifivscv, 
 to cut]. An instrument for incising a fistula. 
 
 Syringotomy (sir-in-got'-o-me) [syrinx; zofir), a 
 cutting]. The operation of cutting a fistula, 
 especially a fistula in ano. 
 
 Syrinx (sir'-ingks) [oupcy^, a tube]. The 
 eustachian tube. 
 
 Syrup (sir' -up) [syrupus, syrup]. 1. A con- 
 centrated solution of sugar in water (syrupus, 
 U. S. P., B. P.). 2. A preparation composed 
 of a solution of a medicinal substance in syrup. 
 S., Dusart's, a preparation having for its 
 chief ingredient ferric phosphate. Dose 
 \-2 dr. (2-8 Cc). 
 
 Syrupy (sir'-up-e) [syrup]. Resembling a syrup. 
 
 Syssarcosis (sis-ar-ko'-sis) [ouv, together; oap^, 
 flesh]. The union of bone by the interposition 
 of muscular tissue. 
 
 Syssomus (sis-so'-mus) [ouv, together; ocop.a, 
 body]. A double monster joined by the 
 trunks. 
 
 System (sis' -tern) [ouorf)fxa, from ouv, together; 
 lozavac, to stand]. 1. A methodic arrange- 
 ment. 2. A combination of parts into a 
 whole, as the digestive system, the nervous 
 system. 3. The body as a whole. S.,Bertillon. 
 See under Identification ; also Bertillonage. S., 
 Centimeter-gram-second, the system based- 
 upon the use of the centimeter, gram, and 
 second as units of length, mass, and time 
 respectively. S., Galton. See under Identi- 
 fication. S. -disease, S.-lesion, a disease 
 of the cerebrospinal axis affecting a tract 
 of nerve-fibers or nerve-cells having com- 
 mon anatomic relations and physiologic 
 properties. S., Havers', the concentric ar- 
 rangement of the bony lamellas, usually eight 
 or ten in number, around a haversian canal. 
 S. , Pedal, a ganglionic system of the brain. S., 
 Portal, the system of veins collecting the 
 venous blood from the digestive tract. 
 
 Systematic (sis-tem-at'-ik) [system]. Pertain- 
 ing to or affecting a system. 
 
 Systemic (sis-tem'-ik) [system]. 1. Of or per- 
 taining to a system. 2. Pertaining to the 
 whole organism. 
 
 Systole (sis'-to-le) [ouv, together; oxkXXecv, 
 to place]. The contraction of the heart. 
 
 Systolic (sis-tol'-ik) [systole]. Pertaining to 
 the systole; occurring during systole. 
 
 Syzygium (siz-ij'-e-um) [ou^uycoc, yoked]. A 
 genus of East Indian trees, of which S. jambo- 
 
 - lanum is used in diabetes. 
 
 Szabo's Test for Hydrochloric Acid in the 
 Contents of Stomach. Mix together equal 
 parts of 0.5 % solutions of ammonium sulfo- 
 cyanid and sodic-ferric tartrate. This makes 
 a pale yellow liquid, which changes to brown- 
 ish-red on the addition of a solution containing 
 HC1. 
 
959 
 
 TAENIA 
 
 T. An abbreviation of tension and temperature. 
 
 Tabacosis {tab-ak-o'-sis) [tabacum]. A state 
 of poisoning produced by the excessive use 
 of tobacco. 
 
 Tabacum {tab-ak'-um). See Tobacco. 
 
 Tabatiere anatomique {tahb-aht-e-ar ahn-aht- 
 om-ek) [Ft., "anatomic snuff-box"]. The 
 depression at the base of the thumb between 
 the tendons of the extensor primi and extensor 
 secundi internodii pollicis. 
 
 Tabby-cat Striation. Peculiar markings oc- 
 curring on muscles that have undergone 
 extreme fatty degeneration, especially seen 
 in the heart muscle. 
 
 Tabefaction {tab-e-fak'-shun) [tabefacere, to 
 melt]. Wasting; emaciation. ' 
 
 Tabella {ta-bel'-ah) [L.]. A troche. 
 
 Tabes {ta'-bez) [L.]. A wasting or consumption. 
 The word is generally used as a synonym of 
 Tabes dorsalis. T. dolorosa, a form in 
 which pain is the dominating feature. T. 
 dorsalis, locomotor ataxia, a disease de- 
 pendent upon sclerosis of the posterior col- 
 umns of the spinal cord. The symptoms 
 are lightning-pains; unsteadiness and inco- 
 ordination of voluntary movements, ex- 
 tending to the upper extremities; disorders 
 of vision, among others the Argyll Robertson 
 pupil; cutaneous anesthesia; girdle-sense; 
 abolition of the patellar reflex; diminution 
 of sexual desire; disturbance of the sphinc- 
 ters. T , Hereditary. See Friedreich's 
 Disease. T. mesenterica, tuberculous dis- 
 ease of the mesenteric glands in children, 
 with progressive wasting. T., Spasmodic, 
 lateral sclerosis of the spinal cord. 
 
 Tabetic (tab-et'-ik). i. Affected with tabes; 
 of or pertaining to tabes. 2. Pertaining to 
 or affected with tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Tabetiform {tab-ef -if-orm) . Resembling tabes. 
 
 Tabic {tab'-ik). See Tabetic. 
 
 Tabid {tab' -id). See Tabetic. 
 
 Tablature {tab' -lat-ur) [tabula, a table]. Sepa- 
 ration into tables, as exemplified in the frontal, 
 parietal, and occipital bones. 
 
 Table (ta'-bl) [tabula]. 1. A flat-topped piece 
 of furniture, as an operation table, exam- 
 ining table. 2. A flat plate, especially one 
 of bone, as a table of the skull. 
 
 Tablespoon. A large spoon, holding about 
 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrams. 
 
 Tablet {tab' -let) [table]. A lozenge; a troche. 
 
 Tabloid {tab'-loid) [table; eldoc, like]. A flat 
 troche. 
 
 Tacamahac {tak ' - am - a - hak) [Mexican]. A 
 resin produced by various trees. 
 
 Tache {tahsh) [Ft.]. A spot. Taches 
 blanches, certain white spots described by 
 Hanot as occurring on the liver, especially 
 on its convex surface, in infectious diseases. 
 Microscopically they present a leukocytic 
 infiltration and bacteria. T. bleuatre, a 
 spot of a delicate blue tint, sometimes ob- 
 
 served on the skin of typhoid-fever patients. 
 T. cerebrale, T. meningeale, the red line 
 made when the finger-nail is drawn over the 
 skin ; due to vasomotor paresis and occurring 
 especially in meningeal irritation. 
 
 Tachetic {tak-et'-ik) [tache]. Relating to the 
 formation of reddish-blue or purple patches 
 (taches). 
 
 Taenia {tak'-e-ah) [tachi, an ant, so called by 
 the Galibis because they harbor ants]. A 
 genus of shrubs and trees of the Gentianacece. 
 The r(4ot of T. guianensis, a species of Brazil 
 and Guiana, is used as. is gentian and 
 also as an antipyretic and prophylactic 
 against malaria. Dose of tincture 1 or 2 
 drops. 
 
 Tachiol {tak'-e-oV). A modification of silver 
 fluorid; employed as a surgical antiseptic in 
 solution of 1 : 1000 to 1 : 100 and in ophthalmic 
 practice. 
 
 Tachy- {tak-e-) [raxbc, swift]. A prefix meaning 
 swift. 
 
 Tachycardia {tak-e-kar' -de-ah) [tachy-; napo'ca, 
 heart]. Excessive rapidity of the heart's 
 action. T., Essential, that occurring in 
 paroxysms, and due to functional disturbance 
 of the cardiac nerves. 
 
 Tachygraph {tak'-ig-raf). See Hemotachom- 
 eter. 
 
 Tachygraphy {tak-ig'-raf-e) [ra^o, swift; 
 ypa<f)£(v, to write]. The estimation of the 
 rate of flow of arterial blood by means of the 
 tachygraph. 
 
 Tachyphrenia {tak-e-fre' -ne-ah) [tachy-; (frpyv, 
 mind]. Morbid mental activity. 
 
 Tachypnea {tak-ip-ne'-ah) [tachy-; xvocr], 
 breath]. Abnormal frequency of respiration. 
 
 Tactile {tak' -til) [tact us]. Pertaining to the 
 sense of touch. T. Cells, cells representing 
 special sensory nerve-endings, found in the 
 deeper layers of the epidermis or the adja- 
 cent stratum of corium. T. Corpuscles, 
 special sensory nerve-endings exhibiting more 
 complexity of structure than the tactile cells. 
 
 Tactometer {tak-tom'-et-er) [tactus; p.kxpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for estimating 
 tactile sensibility; an esthesiometer. 
 
 Tactus {tak'-tus) [tangere, to touch]. Touch. 
 T. eruditus, T expertus, special sensitiveness 
 of touch acquired by long experience. 
 
 Taedium vitse {te'-de-um vi'-te) [L.]. Weari- 
 ness of life. 
 
 Taenia {te'-ne-ah) [L., "a band"]. 1. A band or 
 band -like structure. 2. Tenia, see Tape- 
 worm. T. ccenurus, a parasite found in the 
 intestine of the dog. T. echinococcus. See 
 Tape-worm, Dog-. T. fornicis, one of the 
 peduncles of the pineal gland. T. hippo- 
 campi, the corpus fimbriatum of the hippo- 
 campus major. T. mediocanellata, T. 
 saginata. See Tape-worm, Beef-. T. semi- 
 circularis, a narrow band on the floor of the 
 lateral ventricle, between the caudate nucleus 
 
TAGETES 
 
 960 
 
 TANGHINIA 
 
 and the optic thalamus. T. solium. See 
 Tapeworm, Pork-. T. thalami, the habenula. 
 T. violacea, a bluish, longitudinal band on 
 the floor of the fourth ventricle. 
 
 Tagetes (ta-je'-tez). A genus of plants of the 
 order Composite. T. erecta, African mari- 
 gold, and T. patula, French marigold, are 
 used as substitutes for calendula. 
 
 Tagliacotian Operation (tah-le-ah-ko' 'she-an) . 
 See Operation, Italian. 
 
 Tagma (tag' -man) [rayiia, that which has been 
 arranged]. An aggregate of molecules. 
 
 Tagulawaya. See Balsam, Tagulawaya. 
 
 Tail (tdl). i. The caudal extremity of an 
 animal. 2. Anything resembling a tail. 
 
 Taillefer's Valve. A valvular fold of, mucous 
 membrane about the middle of the nasal duct. 
 
 Tailor's Spasm. An occupation-neurosis oc- 
 curring in tailors, and characterized by spasm 
 of the muscles of the arm and head. 
 
 Tait's Law. In every disease of the abdomen 
 or pelvis in which the health is destroyed 
 or the life threatened, and in which the con- 
 dition is evidently not due to malignant disease, 
 an exploration of the cavity by celiotomy 
 should be made. T.'s Method, perineor- 
 rhaphy. 
 
 Takadiastase (tak-ah-di' -as-tdz). A diastatic 
 ferment obtained from wheat-bran by action 
 of the spores of the fungus Eurotium oryzce 
 (Taka-moyash). It is used in digestive 
 disorders, especially those resulting from 
 deficient secretion of saliva and hyperacidity 
 of the stomach. Dose 2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Gm.). 
 
 Takosis (ta-ko'-sis) [ttjkscv, to waste]. A 
 highly contagious fatal disease of goats. 
 
 Talalgia (tal-al' '-je-ah) [talus, heel; aXjog, pain]. 
 Pain in the heel. 
 
 Talbot's Law. When the visual stimuli 
 proceeding from a revolving disc are com- 
 pletely fused and the sensation is uniform, the 
 intensity is the same as that which would 
 occur if the same amount of light were spread 
 uniformly over the disc. 
 
 Talbot-Plateau's Law. See Talbot's Law. 
 
 Talc, Talcum (talk) [At., talq, talc], 4MgO-5Si- 
 2 .H 2 0. The talcum of the U. S. P. is a 
 native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is 
 a white, greasy powder, used as a dusting- 
 powder. Syn., Soapstone; Steatite. T., Puri- 
 fied (talcum purificatum, U. S. P.), talc, 
 hydrochloric acid, and water. 
 
 Talipes (tal'-ip-ez) [talus, ankle; pes, foot]. 
 Club-foot, a deformity depending upon con- 
 traction of one or more muscles or tendons 
 about the foot, either congenital or acquired. 
 T. calcaneus, talipes in which the patient 
 walks upon the heel alone. T. cavus, an 
 increased curvature of the arch of the foot. T. 
 equinus, talipes in which the heel is elevated 
 and the weight thrown upon the anterior por- 
 tion of the foot. T. percavus, excessive plan- 
 tar curvature. T. planus, flat-foot; splay- 
 foot. T. valgus, talipes in which the foot is 
 everted. T. varus, a variety, the reverse of the 
 last, in which the foot is bent inward. Combi- 
 nations of these occur, called T. equinovalgus, 
 
 T. equinovarus, T. calcaneovalgus, T. cal- 
 caneovarus, etc. 
 
 Tallerman Treatment. The local applica- 
 tion of superheated dry air, the affected part 
 being introduced into a cylinder. 
 
 Tallow (taV-o) [O. D. talgh]. The fat extract- 
 ed from suet, the solid fat of cattle, sheep, 
 and other ruminants. 
 
 Tallqvist's Method. To determine approxi- 
 mately hemoglobin percentages allow a drop 
 of blood to soak into a bit of filter-paper and 
 compare with the naked eye the color strength 
 of the stain with a series of printed standard 
 tints of known value. 
 
 Talma's Disease. Myotonia acquisita. 
 
 Talo- (ta-lo-) [talus, ankle]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to the ankle or to the astragalus. 
 
 Talocalcanean (ta-lo-kal-ka'-ne-an). See As- 
 tr a galo calcaneal. 
 
 Talocrural (ta-lo-kru'-ral) [talo-; crus, leg]. 
 Relating to the astragalus and the bones of 
 the leg. 
 
 Talofibular (ta-lo -fib' -u-lar). Relating to the 
 astragalus and the fibula. 
 
 Talonavicular (ta -lo- nav -ik'-u- lar) . See 
 A stragalo scaphoid. 
 
 Taloscaphoid (ta-lo-skaf'-oid). See Astragalo- 
 scaphoid. 
 
 Talotibial (ta-lo-tib'-e-at). See Astragalotibial. 
 
 Talpa (tal'-pah) [L.]. A mole or wen. 
 
 Talpiform (tal'-pe-form) [talpa; forma, form]. 
 Wen-shaped. 
 
 Talus (ta'-lus) [L.]. 1. The astragalus. 2. 
 The ankle. 
 
 Tamar indien. An aromatic confection of 
 senna. 
 
 Tamarind (tarn' -ar-ind) [Ar., tamr, a ripe date; 
 Hind, India]. Tamarindus indica, a tree of 
 the order Leguminosce. The preserved pulp 
 of the fruit (tamarindus, U. S. P., B. P.) is 
 laxative and refrigerant. Dose 1 dr.-i oz. 
 (4-32 Gm.). 
 
 Tambour (tarn' -boor) [Fr.]. A drum; a drum- 
 like instrument used in physiologic experi- 
 ments, and consisting of a metal cylinder 
 over which is stretched an elastic membrane, 
 and from which or to which passes a tube 
 for transmitting a current of air. It is 
 connected with another apparatus upon which 
 changes in pressure in the tambour are re- 
 corded. 
 
 Tampicin (tarn' -pis-in) . A purgative resin, C 34 - 
 H 64 O u , from the root of Tampico jalap, 
 Ipomcea simulans. 
 
 Tampon (tam'-pon) [Fr.]. 1. A plug of cotton, 
 sponge, or other material inserted into the 
 vagina, nose, or other cavity. 2. To plug 
 with a tampon. 
 
 Tamponade (tam-pon-ad') [Fr.]. The act of 
 plugging with a tampon. 
 
 Tanacetin (tan-as' -et-in). See under Tansy. 
 
 Tanacetum (tan-as-e'-tum). See Tansy. 
 
 Tanalum (tan-al'-um) [tannin; alum]. Alu- 
 minium tannotartrate; used in diseases of 
 the nose and throat. 
 
 Tanghinia (tan-gin' -e-ah). T. venenifera, the 
 ordeal-bean of Madagascar, a cardiac and 
 
TANGHININ 
 
 961 
 
 TAR 
 
 respiratory poison. Its active principle is 
 
 tanghinin. 
 
 Tanghinin {tan- gin' -in). See under Tan- 
 ghinia. 
 
 Tannal {tan'-al) [tannin; alum]. Aluminium 
 tannate; it is used in diseases of the nose and 
 throat. 
 
 Tannalbin {tan-aV -bin) . A compound of tan- 
 nin and albumin; a brown, tasteless powder, 
 insoluble in water, and containing 50 % of 
 tannin. An intestinal astringent. Dose 15 
 gr. (1 Gm.) 2 to 4 times daily. 
 
 Tannate {tan' -at) [tannin]. A salt of tannic acid. 
 
 Tannic Acid. See Acid, Tannic. 
 
 Tannigen {tan' -ij-en) . See Acetyl Tannin. 
 
 Tannin {tan'-in). See Acid, Tannic. T., 
 formaldehyd, tannoform. 
 
 Tannocasum {tan-o-ka'-sum). A compound 
 of tannin and casein; it is used as an intestinal 
 astringent. 
 
 Tannochloral {tan-o-klo'-ral). See Captol. 
 
 Tannocol {tan' -o-koT) . A combination of equal 
 parts of gelatin and tannic acid. 
 
 Tannocreosoform {tan-o-kre-o'-so-form). A 
 compound of tannin, creasote, and formal- 
 dehyd. 
 
 Tannoform {tan' '-o- form), CH ? (C 14 H 9 9 ) 2 . A 
 condensation-product of tannin and formal- 
 dehyd. Used internally in chronic intes- 
 tinal catarrh. Dose 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 Gm.); 
 externally in skin diseases, burns, etc., in 
 10% ointment, or dusting-powder with 2 to 
 4 parts of starch. Syn., Methylene ditan- 
 nin; Tannin-formaldehyd. 
 
 Tannone {tan' -on), (CH 2 ) 6 N 4 (C 14 H 10 O 9 ) 3 . A 
 condensation-product of tannin and urotropin; 
 used in acute catarrh and subacute and 
 chronic enteritis. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.) 3 or 4 
 times daily. 
 
 Tannopin {tan'-o-pin). See Tannone. 
 
 Tannopumilin {tan-o-pu' -mil-in) . A proprie- 
 tary remedy for skin diseases, said to consist 
 of tannic acid and oil of Pinus pumilio. 
 
 Tannosal {tan'-o-sal). See Creosal. 
 
 Tanret's Reagent for Albumin. Potassium 
 iodid, 3.32 Gm.; mercuric chlorid, 1.35 Gm.; 
 acetic acid, 20 Cc, diluted with distilled 
 water to 60 Cc. This reagent, added to an 
 albumin solution, gives a white precipitate. 
 
 Tansy {tan'-ze) [O.Fr., tanasie, from Low 
 L., tanacetum, from adavao'ca, immortality]. 
 A perennial herb, Tanacetum vulgare, of the 
 order Composites. The leaves and tops con- 
 tain a bitter principle, tanacetin, C n H 16 4 , 
 tannic acid, and an essential oil {oleum tana- 
 ceti). ^ Tansy is an aromatic bitter and 
 irritant narcotic, and has been used in ma- 
 laria, in hysteria, and as an emmenagog and 
 anthelmintic. In overdoses it produces ab- 
 dominal pain, vomiting, epileptiform con- 
 vulsions, and death from failure of respiration. 
 Dose 30 gr.-i dr. (2-4 Gm.); of the oil 1-4 
 min. (0.065-0.26 Cc). Unof. 
 
 Tap. 1. A sudden slight blow. 2. To empty 
 of fluid, as to tap a hydrocele. 
 
 Tapephobia {tap-e-fo'-be-ah) [xa<f)oc, burial; 
 (fioftoc, fear]. Morbid fear of being buried alive. 
 62 
 
 Tapetum {ta-pe'-tum) [xani]^, a mat or rug]. 
 1. The layer forming the roof of the posterior 
 and middle cornua of the lateral ventricles 
 of the brain; it is composed of fibers from the 
 corpus callosum. 2. The brilliant greenish 
 layer of the eyes of nocturnal animals, which 
 are by it visible in the dark. Syn., Tapetum 
 lucidum. 
 
 Tape -worm. One of the Cestoda, a class of 
 worms parasitic in man and the lower ani- 
 mals. The adult worm {strobilus) consists 
 of a head {scolex) and numerous segments 
 {proglottides), which are capable of leading 
 for some time a separate existence, are her- 
 maphroditic, and contain numerous ovums. If 
 the ovums are swallowed by the proper host, 
 they develop into embryos {proscolices), 
 which are transformed into the cysticerci, 
 containing the scolices. If the meat of 
 animals containing living scolices is eaten, the 
 latter develop into the mature tape-worm, or 
 strobilus. T., Beef- {Tcenia mediocanellata 
 or saginata), also termed the unarmed tape- 
 worm, the cysticercus of which occurs in beef. 
 T., Dog- {Tania echino coccus), also called 
 hydatid tape-worm. The mature parasite 
 lives in the intestine of the dog; the scolices 
 occur in the internal organs of man and give 
 rise to the echinococcus or hydatid cysts. T., 
 Fish-, T., Broad, T., Swiss {Bothriocephalus 
 latus), the cysticercus of which occurs in fish. 
 T., Pork- {Tcenia solium), also known as the 
 armed tape-worm, from the presence of several 
 hooklets on the head, is derived from pork 
 which contains the cysticerci. Other tape- 
 worms occasionally found in man are: Tania 
 cucumerina or elliptica, most frequent in the 
 dog and cat; Tcenia nana has been found in 
 man in Italy; Tcenia leptocephala, common in 
 the mouse, has also been observed in man. 
 
 Tapinocephalic {tap-in-o-sef-al'-ik) [see Tap- 
 inocephaly]. Affected with tapinocephaly. 
 
 Tapinocephaly {tap - in - o- sef -al-e) [xaneevbe, 
 low; fcecf)aXr], head]. Flatness of the top of 
 the cranium. 
 
 Tapioca {tap-e-o'-kah) [Sp.]. A variety of 
 starch obtained from the cassava or manioc 
 plant, Jatropha manihot. It is used as a 
 food. 
 
 Tapotement {tap-ot-mon{g)) [Ft.]. In massage, 
 the operation of percussing or tapping. 
 
 Tapping {tap'-ing). See Paracentesis. 
 
 Tar {tahr) [AS., teoru, tar]. An empyreumatic 
 liquid resin obtained by the destructive 
 distillation of the wood of various species of 
 Pinus, of the order Coniferce. Tar {Pix 
 liquida, U. S. P., B. P.) contains a great 
 variety of compounds, among which are 
 pyroligneous acid, toluene, xylene, pseudo- 
 cumene, cresol, phenol guaiacol, creasol, 
 paraffin, naphthalene, pyrocatechin, etc. It 
 is employed in chronic bronchitis and in dis- 
 eases of the urinary tract; externally in tinea 
 capitis, psoriasis, chronic eczema, and other 
 affections of the skin. T., Juniper, Oil of 
 {oleum cadinum, U. S. P.). See Cade, Oil of. 
 T., Oil of {oleum picis liquidce, U. S. P.), 
 
TARANTISM 
 
 962 
 
 TATTOOING 
 
 a volatile oil distilled from tar. Dose 3 min. 
 (0.2 Cc). T. Ointment (unguentum picis 
 liquidce, U. S. P., B. P.), a mixture of tar, 
 yellow wax, and lard. T., Syrup of (syrupus 
 picis liquidce, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. 
 (4-8 Co). 
 
 Tarantism (tar'-an-tizm). A choreic affection, 
 ascribed to the bite of a tarantula, and sup- 
 posed to be cured by dancing. 
 
 Taraxacum (tar-aks' -ak-um). Dandelion; the 
 T. officinale (T. dens-leonis) , a plant of 
 the order Composite. Its root {taraxacum, 
 U. S. P.; taraxaci radix, B. P.) contains two 
 crystalline principles, taraxacin and tarax- 
 acerin, and is used in chronic congestion of 
 the liver and spleen. T., Decoction of 
 (decoctum taraxaci, B. P.). Dose 2 oz. (64 
 Co). T., Extract of (extr actum taraxaci, 
 U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 10 gr. (0.65 Gm.). 
 T., Fluidextract of {jluidextr actum taraxaci, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Co). T., Juice 
 of (succus taraxaci, B. P.). Dose 2-4 dr. 
 (8-16 Co). 
 
 Tardieu's Spots. Ecchymotic spots found 
 beneath the pleura and the pericardium after 
 death from strangling. They have also been 
 observed in death from asphyxia due to 
 other causes. 
 
 Tarinus' Fascia. The fascia dentata tarini; 
 the gyrus dentatus. See Fascia dentata. T.'s 
 Foramen. See Fallopian Hiatus. T.'s 
 Fossa, T.'s Pons, the posterior perforated 
 space which forms part of the floor of the third 
 ventricle. T.'s Space. See T.'s Fossa. T.'s 
 Tenia, taenia semicircularis; a white band ly- 
 ing below the vena corporis striati, and extend- 
 ing from near the anterior extremity of the 
 thalamus, along the inner border of the in- 
 ferior cornu of the lateral ventricle, into the 
 gray substance of the hippocampus major. 
 T.'s Valve, the posterior medullary velum. 
 
 Tarnier's Sign. Effacement of the angle 
 between the upper and lower segments of the 
 uterus; it is an indication of inevitable abortion. 
 
 Tarsadenitis meibomica (tar-sad-en-i'-tis) 
 [tarsus; ddrjv, a gland; trie, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the meibomian glands and 
 tarsal cartilage. 
 
 Tarsal (tar' -sal) [tarsus]. 1. Pertaining to 
 the tarsus of the foot. 2. Pertaining to the 
 tarsus of the eye. 
 
 Tarsale (tar-sa'-le). Any bone of the tarsus, 
 but especially one in the distal .row. 
 
 Tarsalgia (tar-sal' -je-ah) [tarsus; aXyoc, a pain]. 
 Pain, especially one of neuralgic character, 
 in the tarsus. 
 
 Tarsalia (tar-sa'-le-ah). The tarsal bones. 
 
 Tarsectomy (tar-sek'-to-me) [tarsus; iKtoiirj, ex- 
 cision]. Excision of tarsal bones. 
 
 Tarsitis (tar-si' '-tis) [tarsus; ace, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the tarsus. 
 
 Tarso- (tar-so-) [rapcoc, tarsus]. A prefix 
 denoting pertaining to the tarsus. 
 
 Tarsocheiloplasty (tar-so-ki' -lo-plas-te) [tarso-; 
 yjfeloe, edge; nlaaaecv, to form]. Plastic 
 surgery of the edge of the eyelid. 
 
 Tarsomalacia (tar-so-mal-a'-she-ah) [tarso-; 
 
 [iaXaKca, softening]. Softening of the tarsus 
 of the eyelid. 
 
 Tarsometatarsal (tar-so-met-ah-tar' -sat) [tarso-; 
 metatarsus]. Relating to the tarsus and the 
 metatarsus. 
 
 Tarsoorbital (tar-so-or'-bit-at). Relating to 
 the framework of the eyelids and the walls 
 of the orbit. 
 
 Tarsophalangeal (tar-so-fa-lan'-je-al) [tarso-; 
 (^aXay^, phalanx]. Pertaining to the tarsus 
 and the phalanges. 
 
 Tarsophyma (tar-so- fi'-mah) [tarso-; ^>6{xa, a 
 growth]. Any morbid growth or tumor of 
 the tarsus. 
 
 Tarsoplasty (tar'-so-plas-te) [tarso-; TrXaoaecv, 
 to form]. Plastic surgery of the eyelid. 
 
 Tarsorrhaphy (tar-sor' -a-Je) [tarso-; pacf>rj, su- 
 ture]. The operation of sewing the eyelids 
 together for a part or the whole of their 
 extent. 
 
 Tarsotomy (tar-sot'-o-me) [tarso-; to/xtj, a cut- 
 ting]. 1. The operation of cutting into the 
 tarsus. 2. Tarsectomy. 
 
 Tarsus (tar'-sus) [xapobc, tarsus]. 1. The 
 instep, consisting of the calcaneus, talus, 
 cuboid, naviculare pedis, internal, middle, and 
 external cuneiform bones. 2. The cartilage 
 of the eyelid, called the tarsal cartilage, a 
 dense connective tissue forming the support 
 of the lid. 
 
 Tartar (tar' -tar) [Low L., tartarum, from Ar., 
 durd, dregs]. 1. A hard mineral deposited 
 on the inside of wine-casks, and consisting 
 mainly of acid potassium tartrate (cream of 
 tartar). 2. A hard incrustation on the 
 teeth, consisting of mineral and organic mat- 
 ter. T., Cream of (potassii bitartras, U. S. 
 P.). See Potassium Bitartrate. T. Emetic, 
 antimony and potassium tartrate. See under 
 Antimony. 
 
 Tartarated (tar'-tar-a-ted) [tartar]. Containing 
 tartar. T. Antimony, tartar emetic. 
 
 Tartaric Acid. See Acid, Tartaric. 
 
 Tartarized (tar'-tar-izd). See Tartarated. 
 
 Tartarlithin (tar-tar-lith'-in). See Lithium 
 Bitartrate. 
 
 Tartarus (tar' -tar -us) [L.]. Tartar. 
 
 Tartrate (tar'-trat). A salt of tartaric acid. 
 
 Tartrated (tar'-tra-ted). Containing tartar; 
 combined with tartaric acid. 
 
 Tartrophen (tar'-tro-fen). A combination of 
 phenetidin and tartaric acid. 
 
 Tashkend Ulcer (tash-kend'). See Sartian 
 Disease. 
 
 Taste (tast). 1. The sensation produced by 
 stimulation of special organs in the tongue 
 (taste-organs) by soluble bodies. 2. The 
 faculty by which these sensations are appre- 
 ciated. T., After-, a secondary taste per- 
 ceived after the immediate taste has ceased. 
 T.-bud, an oval, flask-shaped body, em- 
 bedded in the epithelium of the tongue, and 
 serving the sense of taste. 
 
 Tattooing (tah-too'-ing) [Tahitian]. The pro- 
 duction of permanent colors in the skin 
 by the introduction of foreign substances, 
 such as carbon, india-ink, etc., a common 
 
TAURIN 
 
 963 
 
 TELEDIASTOLIC 
 
 practice among sailors. T. of the Cornea, 
 
 a method of hiding leukomatous spots. T., 
 Electrolytic, the electrolytic treatment of 
 angioma or nevus by means of a negative 
 electrode carrying from 10 to 20 needles. 
 
 Taurin (taw'-rin) [taurus, bull], C 2 H 7 NS0 3 . 
 Amidoethylsulfonic acid, a crystalline de- 
 composition-product of bile. See Lang. 
 
 Taurocholic Acid (taw-ro-kvl'-ik). See Acid, 
 Taurocholic. 
 
 Tautomeric (taw-to-mer'-ik). 1. Exhibiting 
 tautomerism; a qualification applied to 
 compounds to which two different structural 
 formulas may be rightly attributed. 2. Ap- 
 plied to neurons of the cinerea of the spinal 
 cord, the axons of which pass into the white 
 matter of the cord on the same side in which 
 they are located. 
 
 Tautomerism {taw-tom' -er-izm) [rauzo, same; 
 fj.ipoc, a share]. The attribution of two 
 different formulas to one compound. 
 
 Taxis (taks'-is) [z6£t£, from xaooecv, to arrange]. 
 An arranging; a manipulation, especially 
 manipulation for the reduction of hernia. 
 T., Bipolar, the replacement of a retroverted 
 uterus by upward pressure through the rectum 
 and drawing the cervix down in the vagina. 
 
 Tay's Choroiditis. Choroidal degeneration, 
 characterized by irregular yellowish spots 
 visible around the macula lutea, and thought 
 to be due to an atheromatous condition of 
 the arteries. Syn., Choroiditis guttata sen- 
 ilis. 
 
 T-bandage. See under Bandage. 
 
 Te. Symbol for tellurium. 
 
 Tea {te) [Chinese]. 1. The dried leaves of 
 Thea chinensis, of the order Ternstromiaceoe, 
 used for preparing a beverage, also called tea. 
 2. Any vegetable infusion used as a beverage. 
 
 Teale's Amputation. See Operation, Teale's. 
 
 Tears. The secretion of the lacrimal gland. 
 
 Tease (tez) . To tear a tissue into its component 
 parts with needles. 
 
 Teaspoon. A small spoon holding about 4 Cc. 
 or 1 dr. 
 
 Teat (tet). A nipple. 
 
 Technic, Technique (tek'-nik, tek-nek') [re^vr), 
 art]. The method of procedure in operations. 
 
 Technocausis (tek-no-kaw' -sis) [rexvy, art > 
 nauotc, a burning]. Mechanic cauterization, 
 in counterdistinction to that produced by 
 chemicals. 
 
 Tecnology (tek-noV -o-je) [xkuvov, a child; 
 Xoyoc, study]. The study or scientific knowl- 
 edge of childhood, its hygiene, diseases, etc. 
 
 Tectocephaly (tek-to-sef -al-e) [tectum, a cover; 
 K£(f>aXrj, head]. The state of having a roof- 
 shaped skull. 
 
 Tectology (tek-tol'-o-je) [ztuxaiv, a builder; 
 Xbfoc, science]. Structural morphology. 
 
 Tectorial (tek-to' -re-al) [tectorium]. Serving 
 as a roof or covering. T. Membrane. See 
 Membrana tectoria. 
 
 Tectorium (tek-to 1 '-re-um) [L.]. 1. A covering. 
 2. See Membrana tectoria. 
 
 Teel Oil. See Sesamum, Oil of. 
 
 Teeth (teth). See Tooth. 
 
 Teething [AS., toth, tooth]. The eruption of 
 the first teeth in an infant; dentition. 
 
 Teevan's Law. Fracture of a bone occurs in the 
 line of extension, not in that of compression. 
 
 Tegmen (teg'-men) [tegere, to cover]. A cover. 
 T. mastoideum, the roof of the mastoid 
 cells. T. tympani, the roof of the tympanic 
 cavity. 
 
 Tegmental (teg-men' -tal) [tegmen]. Pertaining 
 to the tegmentum. T. Nucleus, the red 
 nucleus. See Nucleus, Tegmental. 
 
 Tegmentum (teg-men' -turn) [tegmen]. A cover- 
 ing; specifically, the dorsal portion of the 
 cms cerebri and pons varolii. T. auris, 
 the membrana tympani. 
 
 Tegmin (teg'-min). A white, aseptic substance 
 used as is collodion, in sealing small wounds 
 that do not require drainage; it is said to 
 consist of an emulsion of wax, acacia, water, 
 zinc oxid, and lanolin. 
 
 Tegumen (teg'-u-men). See Tegmen. 
 
 Tegument (teg'-u-ment) [tegmen]. The in- 
 tegument. 
 
 Tegumentary (teg-u-ment'-a-re) [tegmen]. Re- 
 lating to the skii\ or tegument. 
 
 Teichmann's Crystals. Hemin crystals. T.'s 
 Test for Hemin, to the dry residue placed 
 on a slide a small crystal of sodium chlorid 
 is added and a cover-glass laid over it. A 
 few drops of glacial acetic acid are allowed 
 to flow in under the cover-glass, and the whole 
 is heated gently so as not to boil the liquid. 
 On cooling, rhombic crystals of hemin (Teich- 
 mann's crystals) will be found. If no crystals 
 appear after the first warming, warm again, 
 and, if necessary, add more acetic acid. 
 
 Teichopsia (ti-kop'-se-ah) [x£~cjog, wall; o<ptc, 
 vision]. A temporary amblyopia, with sub- 
 jective visual images like fortification-angles; 
 it is probably due to vasomotor disturbances 
 of the visual center. 
 
 Teinodynia (ti-no-din'-e-ah). See Tenodynia. 
 
 Teinophlogosis (te-in-o-flo-go'-sis or ttn-o-flo- 
 go'-sis) [xecvetv, to stretch; <j>\6?ioocg, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the tendons. 
 
 Tela (te'-lah) [L.]. A web or tissue. T. cho- 
 roidea, the membranous roof of the third 
 and fourth ventricles of the brain. T. vas- 
 culosa, the choroid plexus. 
 
 Telangiectasis (tel-an-je-ek'-ta-sis) [xihoc, end; 
 dyrelov, a vessel; 'inxaoic, a stretching]. 
 Dilation of groups of capillaries or smaller 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Telangiectatic (tel-an-je-ek-tat'-ik). Pertain- 
 ing to or characterized by telangiectasis. 
 
 Telangiectoma (tel-an-je-ek-to'-mah) [see Telan- 
 gioma]. Birthmark; simple nevus. 
 
 Telangioma (tel-an-je-o'-mah) • [xkXoc, end; 
 dfjfelov, a vessel; b/jta, tumor]. A tumor 
 composed of dilated capillaries. 
 
 Telangiosis (tel-an-je-o'-sis) [zkXoc, end; dfyelov, 
 a vessel]. Disease of the capillaries or minute 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Teledendrite (tel-e-den' -drit) . See Telodendron. 
 
 Telediastolic (tel-e-di-as-tol'-ik) [xkXoc, end; 
 diastole]. Relating to the last phase of a 
 diastole. 
 
TELEGONY 
 
 964 
 
 TENDINOUS 
 
 Telegony {tel-eg'-on-e) [rkXog, end; yovq, semen]. 
 The influence of the paternal seed upon the 
 offspring of a woman or animal by a later 
 husband or male. 
 
 Telegrapher's Cramp. See Occupation-neu- 
 rosis. 
 
 Telelectrotherapeutics {tel-e-lek-tro-ther-ap-u'- 
 tiks) \yfjXe, afar; electrotherapeutics']. The 
 treatment of hysteric paralysis by a series of 
 electric discharges near the patient without 
 actual contact. 
 
 Teleneurite {tel-e-nu' -rit) [reXoc, end; veipov, 
 nerve]. One of the terminal filaments of 
 the main stem of an axis-cylinder process. 
 
 Teleneuron {tel-e-nu' -r on) [see Teleneurite]. 
 The neuron forming the terminus of an 
 impulse in a physiologic act involving the 
 nervous system. 
 
 Teleorganic {tel-e-or-gan'-ik) [rihoc, complete; 
 organic]. Necessary to organic life. 
 
 Teleotherapeutics {tel-e-o-ther-ap-u'-tiks) [zfjXe, 
 afar; therapeutics]. Suggestive therapeutics. 
 
 Telepathy (te-lep' '-ath-e) [rrjXe, afar; izaQog, 
 disease]. The action, real or supposed, 
 of one mind upon another when the two 
 persons are separated by a considerable 
 distance ; thought-transference. 
 
 Telephic {tel-ef -ik) . Malignant; incurable; 
 relating to a telephium. 
 
 Telephium {tel-ef -e-um) [Telephus, son of 
 Hercules, whose wound received from Achil- 
 les did not heal]. An old inveterate ulcer. 
 
 Tellicherry Bark. The bark of Wrightia 
 zeylanica; it is used in dysentery. 
 
 Telluric {tel-lu'-rik) [tellus, earth]. Derived 
 from the earth. 
 
 Tellurism {teV -u-rizm) [see Telluric]. Tel- 
 luric miasm; influence of the soil as a cause 
 of disease. 
 
 Tellurium {tel-u' -re-um) [see Telluric]. A non- 
 metallic element of bluish-white color, having 
 a specific gravity of 6.23, a quantivalence of two 
 or six, an atomic weight of 126.6. Symbol Te. 
 
 Telodendron {tel-o-den' -dron) [reXoc, end; div- 
 opov, tree]. One of the minute bulbous expan- 
 sions terminating the arborization of an axon. 
 
 Telekinesis {tel-o-kin-e' -sis) . See Telophase. 
 
 Telolecithal {tel-o-les' -ith-al) [ykXog, end; Xent- 
 60c, yolk]. Of an ovum, having a relatively 
 large mass of food-yolk placed eccentrically. 
 
 Telolemma {tel-o-lem'-ah) [ziXoc, end; Xiaua, 
 husk]. The membrane covering the eminence 
 of Doyere, or the point of entrance of a motor 
 nerve into a muscular fiber. 
 
 Telophase {tel'-o-faz) [xeXoc, end; ^aacc, an 
 appearance]. The final phase of any process, 
 as that of karyokinesis. 
 
 Temperament (tern 1 ' -per-am-ent) [L., temper- 
 amentum]. A term applied to mental dis- 
 position and physical constitution of an 
 individual, as the bilious, lymphatic, nervous, 
 and sanguine temperaments. 
 
 Temperature item' -per-a-tur) [L., temperaturd]. 
 The degree of intensity of heat of a body, 
 especially as measured by a scale termed a 
 thermometer. T., Absolute, that reckoned 
 from the absolute zero of temperature, esti- 
 
 mated at — 2 73 C. T., Normal, the tem- 
 perature of the body in a state of health, i. e., 
 98. 6° F. T. -sense, the sense by which 
 differences in temperature are appreciated, 
 consisting of a sense for cold {cryesthesia) 
 and a heat-sense {thermoesthesia) . These are 
 represented on the surface by different nerve- 
 endings, the socalled cold and hot points. 
 
 Temple (tem'-pl) [tempus, time]. The portion 
 of the head behind the eye and above the ear. 
 
 Temporal item' -po-raT) [temple]. Pertaining to 
 the temple, as the temporal bone, the tem- 
 poral artery. 
 
 Temporalis {tem-po-ra' -lis) [temporal]. The 
 temporal muscle. 
 
 Temporization {tem-po-riz-a'-shun) [tempus, 
 time]. The expectant treatment of disease. 
 
 Tempore- {tem-po-ro-) [temple]. A prefix de- 
 noting pertaining to the temple. 
 
 Temporoauricular {tem-po-ro-aw-rik' -u-lar) 
 [temporo-; auricular]. Pertaining to the tem- 
 poral and auricular regions of the head. 
 
 Temporofacial {tem-po-ro- fa'-shal) [temporo-; 
 fades, face]. Pertaining to the temple and 
 the face. 
 
 Temporomalar {tem-po-ro-ma'-lar) [temporo-; 
 mala, cheek]. Pertaining to the temporal 
 and malar bones. 
 
 Temporomastoid {tem-po-ro-mas'-toid) [tem- 
 poro-; mastoid]. Pertaining to the temporal 
 and mastoid regions of the skull. 
 
 Temporomaxillary {tem-po-ro-maks' -il-a-re) 
 [temporo-; maxilla]. Pertaining to the tem- 
 poral region and the upper jaw. 
 
 Temporooccipital {tern - por -o-ok- sip' -it-aT) 
 [temporo-; occiput]. Pertaining to the temple 
 and the occiput. 
 
 Temporoparietal {tem-po-ro-par-i' -et-aV) [tem- 
 poro-; paries, wall]. 1. Pertaining to the 
 temporal and parietal bones. 2. Pertaining to 
 the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain. 
 
 Temporosphenoid {tem-po-ro-sfe' -noid) [tem- 
 poro-; sphenoid]. Pertaining to, or in re- 
 lation with, the temporal and sphenoid bones. 
 
 Temporozygomatic {tem-po-r o-zi- go-mat' -ik) . 
 Relating to a temple and a zygoma. 
 
 Temulence {tem'-u-lens) [temulentia, inebriety]. 
 Inebriety; drunkenness. 
 
 Temulin {tem'-u-lin). The narcotic principle 
 of Lolium temulentum. 
 
 Tenacious {te-na'-shus) [tenax, tough]. Tough; 
 cohesive. 
 
 Tenacity {te-nas'-it-e) [tenacitas]. Toughness. 
 
 Tenaculum {ten-ak' -u-lum) [tenere, to hold]. 
 A hook -shaped instrument for seizing and 
 holding parts. 
 
 Tenalgia {ten-al'-je-ah). See Tenodynia. 
 
 Tenax {te'-naks) [L.]. Oakum especially pre- 
 pared for surgeons' use. 
 
 Tendinitis {ten-din-i' -tis) . See Tenontitis. 
 
 Tendinoplasty {ten' -din-o-plas-te) [tendo, a ten- 
 don; Ttlaoouv, to form]. Plastic surgery of 
 tendons. 
 
 Tendinosuture {ten-din-o-su'-tur). See Ten- 
 orrhaphy. 
 
 Tendinous {ten' -din-us) [tendon]. Pertaining 
 to or having the nature of tendon. 
 
TENDO 
 
 965 
 
 TENT 
 
 Tendo (ten'-do) [L.]. A tendon. T. achillis, 
 
 the common tendon of the gastrocnemius and 
 soleus muscles inserted into the heel. T. cal- 
 caneus. See T. achillis. T. oculi, T. pal- 
 pebral. See Ligament, Palpebral Internal. 
 
 Tendomucoid {ten - do - mu' - koid) . A mucin 
 found in tendons. 
 
 Tendon [tendere, to stretch]. A band of dense 
 fibrous tissue forming the termination of a 
 muscle and attaching the latter to a bone. 
 T., Central, the aponeurosis in the center of 
 the diaphragm. T. -reflex, a reflex produced 
 by stimulating the tendon of a muscle. T., 
 Reindeer, tendon from the neck of the rein- 
 deer; used as ligatures. T. -spindles. See 
 Corpuscles, Golgi's. 
 
 Tendosynovitis (ten-do-si-no-vi'-tis) . See Teno- 
 synovitis. 
 
 Tendo vaginal {ten - do - vaj' - in - al) [tendon; 
 vagina, a sheath]. Relating to a tendon and 
 its sheath. 
 
 Tenectomy (ten-ek' -to-me) . See Tenonectomy. 
 
 Tenesmus (ten-ez'-mus) [xt'cvtcv, to strain]. A 
 straining, especially the painful straining 
 to empty the bowels or bladder without the 
 evacuation of feces or urine. 
 
 Tenia (te'-ne-ah) [tcenia, tape-worm]. A tape- 
 worm. See Tape-worm. T. -toxin, the toxin 
 produced by tape-worms and to which the 
 pathologic changes wrought in the intestine 
 are partly due. 
 
 Teniacide (te'-ne-as-ld) [tenia; ccedere, to kill], 
 i. Destructive of tape-worms. 2. An agent 
 that destroys tape-worms. 
 
 Teniafuge (te' -ne-af-uj) [tenia; Jugare, to drive]. 
 1. Expelling tape-worms. 2. An agent that 
 expels tape-worms. 
 
 Tennesson's Acne. A disseminate variety of 
 acne cornea. 
 
 Tennis-arm, Tennis-elbow. A strain of the 
 elbow, said to be frequent in tennis-players. 
 
 Tennysin (ten'-is-in). An alkaloid occurring 
 in brain tissue. 
 
 Teno- (ten-o-) [rivcov, tendon]. A prefix mean- 
 ing pertaining to a tendon. 
 
 Tenodynia (ten-o-din'-e-ah) [teno-; bduvq, pain]. 
 Pain in a tendon. 
 
 Tenomyotomy (ten-o-mi-oV -o-me) [teno-; my- 
 otomy]. Abadie's operation to enfeeble one 
 of the recti muscles, consisting of incising 
 the lateral parts of its tendon near its sclerotic 
 insertion and removing a small portion of the 
 muscle on each side. 
 
 Tenon's Capsule. A fibroelastic membrane 
 surrounding the eyeball. It is covered by 
 a continuous layer of endothelial plates, 
 and corresponds to a synovial sac. T.'s 
 ■ Fascia. See Tenon's Capsule. T.'s Space, 
 the lymph-space existing between the sclerotic 
 and Tenon's capsule. 
 
 Tenonectomy (ten-on-ek' -to-me) [teno-; eKtopLv^ 
 excision]. Excision of a portion of a tendon. 
 ' Tenonitis (ten-on-i'-tis). Inflammation of Ten- 
 on's capsule. 
 
 Tenonometer (ten-on-om' -et-er) [teno-; jikrpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
 the tension of the eyeball. 
 
 Tenontagra (ten-on-ta' '-grah) [teno-; dypa, seiz- 
 ure]. Gout in the tendons. 
 
 Tenontitis (ten-on-ti' -tis) [teno-; ncc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of a tendon. 
 
 Tenontography (ten-on-tog 1 '-ra-fe) [teno-; 
 ypd<f)£(v, to write]. The descriptive anatomy 
 of the tendons. 
 
 Tenontolemmitis (ten-on-to-lem-i'-tis). See 
 Tenosynovitis. 
 
 Tenontology (ten-on-tol'-o-je). See Tenontog- 
 raphy. 
 
 Tenontothecitis (ten-on-to-the-si'-tis). See 
 Tenosynovitis. T. prolifera calcarea, ne- 
 crobiosis of the tendons in their sheaths 
 accompanied by calcareous deposit. 
 
 Tenophony {ten-o]' -on-e) [teno-; cfrcovrj, sound]. 
 A sound elicited by auscultation supposed 
 to be produced by the chordae tendinae. 
 
 Tenophyte (ten' '-o-fit) [teno-; <t>jxbv, a growth]. 
 A bony or cartilaginous growth on a tendon. 
 
 Tenoplasty (ten' -o-plast-e) [teno-; nXaooecv, 
 to form]. Plastic surgery of a tendon. 
 
 Tenorrhaphy (ten-or' -a-fe) [teno-; pacf>r), suture]. 
 The uniting of a divided tendon by sutures. 
 
 Tenositis (ten-o-si'-tis). See Tenontitis. 
 
 Tenostosis (ten-o s-to' -sis) [teno-; dozeov, a bone]. 
 Ossification of a tendon. 
 
 Tenosuture (ten-o-su' -tur) . Same as Ten- 
 orrhaphy. 
 
 Tenosynovitis (ten-o-sin-o-vi'-tis) [teno-; syn- 
 ovia; cxtc, inflammation]. Inflammation of 
 a tendon and its sheath. 
 
 Tenotome (ten'-o-tom) [teno-; ri/ivecv, to cut]. 
 A knife for performing tenotomy. 
 
 Tenotomy (ten-ot'-o-me) [see Tenotome]. The 
 operation of cutting a tendon. 
 
 Tension (ten' -shun) [tendere, to stretch]. 1. The 
 act of stretching; the state of being stretched. 
 2. In electricity, the power of overcoming 
 resistance. T. of Gases, the tendency of a 
 gas to expand on account of the mutual re- 
 pulsion of its molecules. T., Intraocular, 
 the pressure of the ocular contents upon the 
 sclerotic coat. It may be estimated by means 
 of an instrument called a tonometer, or by 
 palpation with the fingers, and is recorded by 
 symbols as follows : Tn = normal tension ; T 
 + 1, T + 2,T+ 3, indicate various degrees 
 of increased tension, and T — 1, T — 2, T 
 — 3, corresponding degrees of decreased 
 tension. 
 
 Tensity (ten'-sit-e) [see Tension]. Tenseness, 
 the condition of being stretched. 
 
 Tensive (ten'-siv). Giving the sensation of 
 stretching or contraction. 
 
 Tensor (ten'-sor) [see Tension]. A stretcher; 
 a muscle that serves to make a part tense. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Tensure (ten'-shur). Tension, a stretching or 
 straining. 
 
 Tent [L., tenia]. A plug of soft material, as lint, 
 gauze, or other material that increases in 
 volume by the absorption of water; it is used 
 chiefly for dilating an orifice and for keeping 
 a wound open. T., Laminaria, a tent made 
 of sea-tangle. T., Sponge, a tent made of 
 compressed sponge, used for dilating the os 
 
TENTATIVE 
 
 966 
 
 TERPINOL 
 
 uteri. T., Tupelo, one made of the wood 
 of the root of the water-tupelo. 
 
 Tentative (ten' -ta-tiv) [tentare, to try; to prove]. 
 Empiric; experimental. 
 
 Tenth Cranial Nerve. The pneumogastric 
 or vagus nerve. 
 
 Tentorium, T. cerebelli (ten-to' -re-urn) [L., "a 
 tent"]. The partition between the cerebrum 
 and the cerebellum formed by an extension of 
 the dura mater. 
 
 Tenuate (ten'-u-dt) [tenuis, thin]. To make thin. 
 
 Tenuity (ten-u'-it-e). Thinness; the condition 
 of being thin. 
 
 Tenuous (ten'-u-us). Thin; minute. 
 
 Tephromyelitis (tef-ro-mi-el-i'-tis). See Polio- 
 myelitis. 
 
 Tephrosis (tef-ro' -sis) [recfrpoc, ashen]. Incin- 
 eration. 
 
 Tepid (tep'-id) [tepidus, warm]. About blood- 
 heat. 
 
 Tepidarium (tep - id - a' - re - urn) [tepid]. A 
 warm bath. 
 
 Tepopote (te-po'-po-te). The twigs of Ephedra 
 antisyphilitica; used in venereal diseases. 
 
 Teramorphous (ter-ah-mor' -fus) [teras; popcf)T), 
 form]. Of the nature of a monstrosity. 
 
 Teras (te'-ras) [zipac, a monster; pi., terata]. A 
 monster. 
 
 Teratic (ter-at'-ik) [teras]. Monstrous. 
 
 Teratism (ter'-at-izm) [teras]. An anomaly of 
 conformation, congenital or acquired. 
 
 Teratogeny (ter-at-oj'-en-e) [teras; yevvav, to 
 beget]. The formation or bringing forth of 
 monsters. 
 
 Teratoid (ter'-at-oid) [teras; eldoc, like]. Re- 
 sembling a monster. T. Tumor, a complex 
 tumor due to the growth of tissue embryo- 
 logically misplaced. 
 
 Teratology (ter-at-ol'-o-je) [teras; Xoyoc, science]. 
 The science of malformations and monstrosi- 
 ties. 
 
 Teratoma (ter-at-o'-mah) [teras; opa, tumor]. 
 A tumor containing teeth, hair, and other 
 material not found in the part wherein it 
 grows, and resulting from an embryonic 
 misplacement of tissue or from the inclosure 
 of parts of a rudimentary fetus. 
 
 Teratosis (ter-at-o' -sis) [teras]. A congenital 
 deformity. 
 
 Terchlorid (ter-klo'-rid) [ter, three; xkoopbc, 
 green]. Synonym of Trichlorid. 
 
 Terebene (ter'-eb-en) [repiftivdoc, terebinth- 
 tree]. Terebenum (U. S. P.), C 10 H lfi . A 
 hydrocarbon obtained by the oxidation of 
 oil of turpentine by means of sulfuric acid. 
 It is soluble in alcohol, and is used in bron- 
 chitis, dyspepsia, and diseases of the genito- 
 urinary tract. Dose 5-10 min. (0.32-0.65 Cc). 
 T. Glycerol, a mixture of terebene, 4 parts; 
 glycerol, 7 parts; and water, 1 part, shaken 
 together and exposed until the separated 
 glycerol remains turbid when allowed to 
 stand. It is used as an application to purulent 
 wounds. 
 
 Terebinth (ter'-e-binth) [see Terebene]. 1. The 
 turpentine-tree, Pistacia terebinthus, which 
 yields Chian turpentine. 2. Turpentine. 
 
 Terebinthina (ter-eb-in'-thin-ah). See Tur- 
 pentine. 
 
 Terebinthinate (ter-eb-in' -thin-dt) [see Tere- 
 bene], 1. Containing turpentine. 2. A mem- 
 ber or derivative of the turpentine group. 
 
 Terebinthinism (ter-e-bin' -thin-izm). Poison- 
 ing with oil of turpentine. 
 
 Terebrant, Terebrating (ter'-e-brant, ter'-e-bra- 
 ting) [terebrare, to bore]. Piercing, boring, 
 said of pain. 
 
 Terebration (ter-eb-ra' -shun) [see Terebrant]. 
 The operation of boring. 
 
 Teremorrhu (ter-e-mor'-u) [terebene; morrhua, 
 the cod]. A proprietary preparation of pure 
 terebene and cod-liver oil. 
 
 Teres (te'-rez) [ter ere, to rub]. 1. Round, as. 
 the ligamentum teres. 2. A muscle having 
 a cylindric shape, as teres major, teres minor. 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Terete (ter-ef) [teres]. Cylindric. T. Emin- 
 ence, a slight thickening of the funiculus teres 
 on the floor of the fourth ventricle. T. 
 Funicle. See Funiculus teres. 
 
 Ter in die [L.]. Three times daily. 
 
 Term [zip pa, a limit]. A limit; the time during 
 which anything lasts. 
 
 Terma (ter'-mah) [see Term]. The layer of 
 gray matter between the corpus callosum and 
 the optic commissure. 
 
 Terminad (ter'-min-ad) [see Term]. Situated 
 in or toward the terminus. 
 
 Terminal (ter'-min-al) [see Term]. Pertain- 
 ing to the end; placed at or forming the 
 end. 
 
 Ternary (ter'-na-re) [ter, three times]. Of 
 chemic compounds, made up of three elements 
 or radicles. 
 
 Ternitrate (ter'-ni-trdt). See Trinitrate. 
 
 Teroxid (ter-oks'-id) [ter, three; oxid]. A tri- 
 oxid. 
 
 Terpene (ter' -pen) [a modified form of terebene]. 
 One of a number of hydrocarbons having 
 the formula Ci H 16 , and contained in many 
 volatile oils. T. Hydro chlorate, artificial 
 camphor, C 10 H 16 .HC1; obtained from dry 
 pinene by the action of dry chlorin in the 
 cold. It is used as an internal antiseptic in 
 tuberculosis a*nd to check the flow of saliva; 
 externally, it is used with phenol in skin dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Terpenism (ter'-pen-izm). Poisoning by ter- 
 pene from internal use or inhalation; marked 
 by abdominal pain, vomiting, inflammation 
 of bladder and kidneys, bronchitis, paroxysms 
 of asphyxia, and collapse. The urine has 
 the odor of violets. 
 
 Terpin (ter' -pin), C 10 H 16 (H 2 O) 2 H 2 O.. A dia- 
 tomic alcohol obtained from turpentine; used 
 in bronchial and pulmonary diseases to facil- 
 itate expectoration. T. Hydrate (terpini 
 hydras, U. S. P.), C 10 H 20 O 2 +H 2 O, a colorless, 
 crystalline substance used as an expectorant 
 and diuretic. Dose as expectorant 3-6 gr. 
 (0.2-0.4 Gm.); diuretic, 10-15 g r - (0.65-1.0 
 Gm.) several times daily. 
 
 Terpinol (ter'-pin-ol) [terpin; oleum, oil], Ci - 
 H ls O. A substance formed by boiling terpin 
 
TERRA 
 
 967 
 
 TESTICLE 
 
 and terpin hydrate with aqueous mineral 
 acids; used as is terpin. 
 
 Terra (ter'-ah) [L.]. Earth. T. alba, white 
 clay. T. japonica, catechu. T. ponderosa, 
 baryta or barium sulfate. 
 
 Terrain-cure (ter-an(g)-kur) [Ft.]. A method 
 of treatment consisting in mountain-climbing, 
 dietetics, etc., for plethora, corpulence, neu- 
 rasthenia, chlorosis, incipient pulmonary tu- 
 berculosis, etc. 
 
 Terralin iter' -al-in) . An ointment-vehicle con- 
 sisting of calcined magnesia, kaolin, silica, 
 glycerol, and an antiseptic. It can be readily 
 removed from the skin by water. 
 
 Terrol {ter'-ol). A residue from petroleum; 
 it is used as a substitute for cod-liver oil. 
 
 Terroline iter'-ol-en). A variety of petroleum- 
 jelly. 
 
 Tersulfate {ter-suV-fat) [ter, thrice; sulfate]. 
 A salt in which the base is united with three 
 sulfuric acid radicles. 
 
 Tersulfid {ter-suV -fid) . See Trisidfid. 
 
 Tertian (ter' -she-an) [tertius, third]. Recur- 
 ring every other day, as tertian fever, a form 
 of intermittent fever. 
 
 Tertiary {ter'-she-a-re) [tertian]. Third in order. 
 T. Syphilis. See under Syphilis. 
 
 Tertipara (ter-tip' -a-rah) [ter, three times; pa- 
 rere, to bear]. A woman who has been in 
 labor three times. 
 
 Tescalama {tes-kal-am'-ah). The milky juice 
 of Ficus nymphceifolia, a tree of Mexico and 
 South America. It is used in plasters- 
 
 Tesla Currents {tes'-lah) [Nikola Tesla, elec- 
 trician]. Rapidly alternating electric currents 
 of high tension; they were applied therapeuti- 
 cally by d' Arson val. 
 
 Teslaization {tes-la-iz-a' -shun) . The thera- 
 peutic application of Tesla currents. Syn., 
 A rsonvalization. 
 
 Tessellated ites' -el-a-ted) [tessellatus, from tes- 
 sella, a small square stone]. Formed into little 
 squares; checkered. T. Epithelium, flat- 
 tened epithelial cells joined at their edges. 
 
 Test [testum, a crucible], i. A trial. In chem- 
 istry, a characteristic reaction which distin- 
 guishes one body from others. 2. The re- 
 agent for producing a special reaction. T., 
 Bremer's Color-. See Bremer's Method 
 under Stain. T., Kowarski's, for sugar in 
 the urine. Shake in a test-tube 5 drops of 
 phenylhydrazin with 10 drops of strong acetic 
 acid, add 1 Cc. of saturated sodium chlorid 
 solution and 2 Cc. or 3 Cc. of urine, and heat 
 for 2 minutes; then cool slowly. If the 
 amount of sugar present is as high as 0.2 %, 
 characteristic crystals will form in a few min- 
 utes; if less, the formation of crystals will re- 
 quire a longer time — 5 to 30 minutes. T., 
 Lebbin's, for Formaldehyd in Milk. Boil 
 a few Cc. of the suspected milk with 0.05 Gm. 
 resorcinol, to which half, or an equal volume 
 of a 5 % solution of sodium hydroxid is added. 
 In the presence of formaldehyd the yellow 
 solution changes to a fine red color, which 
 becomes more apparent on standing. T., 
 Lipliawsky, for diacetic acid in the urine. 
 
 Two solutions are needed: (a) a 1 % solution 
 of paramidoacetophenon with addition of 
 2 Cc. of concentrated HC1 shaken thoroughly; 
 (b) a 1 % aqueous solution of potassium nitrite; 
 6 Cc. of the first is mixed with 3 Cc. of the 
 second, an equal volume of urine added, and a 
 drop of ammonia. To 10 drops to 2 Cc. of 
 this mixture add 15 to 20 Cc. of concentrated 
 HC1, 3 Cc. of chloroform, and 2 to 4 drops 
 of iron chlorid solution. If the test-tube is 
 corked and gently but repeatedly inverted, in 
 the presence of diacetic acid the chloroform 
 will show a characteristic violet color — the 
 deepness of the color depending upon 
 the amount present. T.-meal, one given 
 for the purpose of studying the secretory 
 power of the stomach. Those in most com- 
 mon use are Germain See's: 60 to 80 Gm. 
 of chopped beef, free from fat and fibrous 
 tissue; 100 to 150 Gm. of white bread; 
 a glass of water. The contents of the 
 stomach are removed in two hours. Ja- 
 worski's: 1 or 2 hard-boiled eggs and 100 Cc. 
 of distilled water at room-temperature; after 
 45 minutes of quiet 100 Cc. of distilled water; 
 5 minutes later the contents of the stomach are 
 aspirated. Riegel's: sl plate of soup; 150 to 
 200 Gm. of beefsteak; 50 Gm. of potato-puree; 
 a small roll; or, 300 Cc. of clear broth; 150 Gm. 
 of beefsteak (fillet); 50 Gm. of mashed po- 
 tatoes; 35 Gm. of white bread. T., Noth- 
 nagel's. See NothnageVs Test. T. -paper, 
 paper impregnated with a chemic reagent, 
 and used for detecting the presence of certain 
 substances or conditions which cause a change 
 in the color of the paper. T., Reach's, for test- 
 ing the secretory functions of the stomach with- 
 out use of the stomach-tube. It consists in 
 administration of capsules of barium iodid and 
 bismuth subiodid from which iodin is set 
 free only through the action of HC1; then test 
 the sputum for iodin. If the reaction occurs 
 in 80 minutes, the individual is normal; 
 earlier action indicates hyperacidity; late, 
 occurrence, hypoacidity. T. Solution. See 
 Standard Solution. T.-tube, a cylinder 
 of thin glass closed at one end, used in various 
 chemic procedures. T. -types, letters or fig- 
 ures of different sizes to test acuteness of 
 vision. Those most commonly employed are 
 Snellen's test-types, a series of letters which 
 at proper distances subtend an angle of five 
 minutes. 
 
 Testa {tes'-tah) [L.]. A shell. T. ovi, egg-shell. 
 T. praeparata, crushed and powdered oyster- 
 shell. 
 
 Testaden {tes' -tad-en). A preparation from 
 the testes of the bull. Used in affections of 
 the spinal cord and in nervous troubles. 
 Dose 92-123 gr. (6-8 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Testibrachium {tes-te-bra'-ke-um) [testis; bra- 
 chium, arm]. The process connecting the 
 cerebellum with the testis of the brain; the 
 superior peduncle of the cerebellum. 
 
 Testicle {tes'-tik-T) [testiculus, dim. of testis]. 
 See Testis (1). T., Irritable, neuralgia of 
 the testicle. T., Undescended, the condition . 
 
TESTICULAR 
 
 968 
 
 TETRAMETHYL-PUTRESCIN 
 
 in which a testicle remains either in the pelvis 
 or in the inguinal canal. 
 
 Testicular (tes-tik' -u-lar) [testicle]. Pertaining 
 to the testicle. T. Juice, a juice extracted 
 from the testicles of animals, and used in the 
 treatment of various nervous conditions. 
 
 Testidin (tes'-tid-in). An alcoholic extract 
 prepared from the testes of the bull. 
 
 Testin {tes' -tin). A sterilized extract of the 
 testes of the ram; used in nervous debility, 
 impairment, etc. 
 
 Testis {test' -is) [L.; pi., testes'], i. One of the 
 two glandular bodies in the scrotum that se- 
 crete the semen. 2. One of the posterior 
 pair of tubercles of the corpora quadrigemina. 
 T., Descent of, the passage of the testes 
 through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. 
 T. muliebris, the ovary. 
 
 Testitis {tes-ti'-tis). See Orchitis. 
 
 Tetanic {tet-an'-ik) [tetanus]. 1. Pertaining to 
 or resembling tetanus. 2. Producing tetanus. 
 
 Tetaniform (tet-an' -e-form) [tetanus; forma, 
 form]. Resembling tetanus. 
 
 Tetanilla {tet-an-iV '-ah) [tetanus]. Tetany. 
 
 Tetanin {tet'-an-in) [tetanus], C^H^N^. A 
 ptomain obtained from cultures of the bacillus 
 of tetanus in beef -broth and from the tissues of 
 patients suffering from tetanus. It produces 
 symptoms of tetanus in the lower animals. 
 
 Tetanization {tet-an-i-za' -shun) [tetanus]. The 
 production of tetanus or of tetanic spasms. 
 
 Tetano- {tet-an-o-) [tetanus]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to tetanus. 
 
 Tetanoid (tef-an-oid) [tetano-; elSoc, resem- 
 blance]. Resembling tetanus. 
 
 Tetanolysin {tet-an-oV -is-in) [tetano-; Xuecv, to 
 loose]. The hemolytic toxin of tetanus. 
 
 Tetanomotor {tet-an-o-mo' -tor) [tetano-; mo- 
 tor, a mover]. An instrument for stimulating 
 a nerve mechanically and producing tetanus 
 of the supplied muscle. 
 
 Tetanospasmin {tet-an-o-spaz'-min). A toxin 
 produced by the tetanus bacillus to which 
 tetanic convulsions are due. 
 
 Tetanotoxin (tet-an-o-toks'-in) [tetano-; xo^ckov, 
 poison], C 5 H n N. A poisonous ptomain ob- 
 tained from cultures- of the bacillus of tetanus. 
 It produces tremor, then paralysis and violent 
 convulsions. 
 
 Tetanus {tet'-an-us) [tkzavoc, from refoecv, to 
 stretch]. 1. An infectious disease character- 
 ized by tonic spasm of the voluntary muscles, 
 an intense exaggeration of reflex activity, and 
 peculiar convulsions. It is due to the ba- 
 cillus of tetanus and has a period of incubation 
 of from ten to twelve or more days. The 
 first symptom is usually trismus or lockjaw, 
 which is soon followed by spasms of the other 
 muscles. The poison may enter through a 
 wound {traumatic tetanus); at times no point 
 of entrance is discoverable (idiopathic tetanus). 
 2. A tense, contracted state of a muscle, 
 especially when caused experimentally. T., 
 Cephalic, a form which has been observed 
 to follow a wound of the head, especially 
 one near the eyebrow. Trismus and facial 
 paralysis occur on the side of the injury, there 
 
 is dysphagia, and death frequently results. 
 T., Hydrophobic, tetanus characterized by 
 violent spasm of the muscles of the throat. 
 T., Idiopathic. See under Tetanus. T. 
 neonatorum, that due to infection of the 
 umbilicus or the circumcision - wound. T., 
 Puerperal, that following labor. T., Trau- 
 matic. See under Tetanus. 
 
 Tetany {tet'-an-e) [tetanus]. A disease charac- 
 terized by intermittent, bilateral, painful, tonic 
 spasms of the muscles, especially of the upper 
 extremities. It is most common in young 
 adults, but may occur in others. The cause 
 appears to be a toxic agent. It occurs in 
 connection with typhoid fever, gastrointestinal 
 inflammation, in rickets, dilation of the stom- 
 ach, and after extirpation of the thyroid 
 gland. 
 
 Tetmil (tef -mil). Ten millimeters. 
 
 Tetra- (tet-rah-) [rerpa, four]. A prefix mean- 
 ing four. 
 
 Tetraallyammonium-alum (tet-rah-al-e-am-o- 
 ne-um-al'-um), N(C 3 H 5 ) 4 .A1 5 (S0 4 ) 3 + i2H 2 0. 
 A uric -acid solvent. 
 
 Tetrabasic (tet-rah-ba'-sik) [tetra-; fiaaic, base]. 
 Having four atoms of replaceable hydrogen. 
 
 Tetrabrachius (tet - rah - bra' -he- us) [tetra-; 
 ftpaxccuv, arm]. A monster having four arms. 
 
 Tetracetate (tet-ras'-et-at). A combination of 
 a base with four molecules of acetic acid. 
 
 Tetracheirus (tet-rah-ki'-rus) [tetra-; %^p, 
 hand]. A monster with four hands. 
 
 Tetrachlorid (tet-rah-klo'-rid) [tetra-; chlorid]. 
 A binary compound consisting of an element 
 or radicle and four chlorin-atoms. 
 
 Tetracid (tet-ras'-id) [tetra-; acid]. Having 
 four atoms of hydrogen that are replaceable 
 by acid radicles. 
 
 Tetracoccus (tet-rah-kok'-us) [tetra-; kokkoc, 
 berry]. A micrococcus occurring in groups 
 of four. 
 
 Tetrad (tet'-rad) [rhpa, four]. An element 
 having an atomicity of four. 
 
 Tetraethylene Iodid (tet-rah-eth' -il-en) . See 
 Diiodoform. 
 
 Tetragon, Tetragonum (tef -rag-on, tet-rah- 
 go'-num). A four-sided figure. Tetra- 
 gonum lumbale, an irregular, rhomboid 
 space in the lumbar region beneath the apo- 
 neurosis of the latissimus dorsi, bounded 
 externally by the dorsal margin of origin of 
 the obliquus externus muscle, internally by the 
 margin of the sacrospinalis, above by the 
 serratus posticus inferior, and below by the 
 upper margin of the obliquus internus. , 
 
 Tetraiodoethylene (tet-rah-i-o-do-eth' -il-en) . 
 See Diiodoform. 
 
 Tetraiodophenolphthalein (tet-rah-i-o-do-fe- 
 nol-thal' -e-in) . Nosophen. 
 
 Tetraiodopyrrol (tet-trah-i-o-do-pir'-ol). See 
 Iodol. 
 
 Tetramazia (tet-rah-ma'-ze-ah) [tetra-; pa^bc, 
 breast]. The presence . of four breasts or 
 mammary glands. 
 
 Tetramethylenediamin (tet-rah-meth-il-en-di- 
 am'-in), C 4 H 8 (NH 2 ) 2 . Putrescin. 
 
 Tetramethyl-putrescin (tet-rah-meth-il-pu- 
 
TETRANITRIN 
 
 969 
 
 THAUMATROPE 
 
 tres'-in), CTI^Ng. A crystalline base derived 
 from putrescin, having very poisonous proper- 
 ties. 
 
 Tetranitrin, Tetranitrol (tet-rah-ni'-trin, tet- 
 rah-ni'-trol). See Erythrol Tetranitrate. 
 
 Tetranopsia (tet-ran-op' -se-ah) [tetra-; cupcc, 
 vision]. A contraction of the field of vision 
 limited to one quadrant. 
 
 Tetrapus (tef '-rah-pus) [tetra-; r.ouc, foot], 
 i. Having four feet. 2. A monster having 
 four feet. 
 
 Tetrascelus (tet-ras 1 -el-us) [tetra-; oksXoc, leg]. 
 A monster having four legs. 
 
 Tetraster {tet-ras' -ter) [tetra-; aaxr t p, a star]. A 
 karyokinetic figure characterized by an ar- 
 rangement of four stars, due to a fourfold 
 division of the nucleus. 
 
 Tetratomic (tet-rat-om'-ik) [tetra-; atom]. 1. 
 Containing four atoms. 2. Having four 
 atoms of replaceable hydrogen. 
 
 Tetravalent (tet-rav' -al-enl) . See Quadriv- 
 alent. 
 
 Tetronal (tef -ron-aV) [zhpa, four], CgH^Cv 
 Diethylsulfondethylmethane, a hypnotic re- 
 sembling sulfonal. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65- 
 
 1.13 Gm -)- 
 
 Tetroxid (tet-roks'-id) [tetra-; oxid]. A binary 
 compound composed of a base and four atoms 
 of oxygen. 
 
 Tetryl (tet'-riV). See Butyl. 
 
 Tetter (tet'-er) [AS., teter]. A name for various 
 skin eruptions, particularly herpes, eczema, 
 and psoriasis. 
 
 Teucrin (tu'-kriri), 1. C 21 H 24 O n or C^H^On. 
 A crystalline glucosid from Teixrium fruti- 
 cans. 2. A purified, sterilized aqueous extract 
 of Teucrium scordium; a pungent brown 
 liquid used in the treatment of tuberculous 
 abscesses to arrest development. Hypoder- 
 matic dose 50 min. (3 Cc); locally 10 gr. 
 (0.65 Gm.) with lanolin once daily. 
 
 Teucrium (tu'-kre-um) [zzunptov, germander]. 
 A genus of labiate plants, germander or 
 spleenwort. T. scordium, water-germander, 
 is tonic, diaphoretic, and anthelmintic. 
 
 Texas Fever. An infectious disease of cattle 
 characterized by high fever, hemoglobinuria, 
 and enlargement of the spleen. The disease 
 is due to the parasite Pyrosoma bigeminum, 
 which invades the red blood-corpuscle and is 
 transmitted by the cattle-tick, Boophilus bovis. 
 
 Textiform (teks'-te-form) [textum, sl web; forma, 
 form]. Reticular, forming a mesh. 
 
 Textural (teks'-tu-ral) [texum]. Pertaining to 
 the tissues. 
 
 Thalamencephalon (thai - am -en-sef -al- on) 
 [thalamus; encephalon]. The posterior portion 
 of the anterior brain-vesicle; the interbrain. 
 Syn., Diencephalon. 
 
 Thalami (thal'-am-i). Plural of Thalamus. 
 
 Thalamic (thal-am'-ik) [thalamus]. Pertain- 
 ing to the thalamus. 
 
 Thalamo- (thal-am-o-) [thalamus]. A prefix 
 denoting relation to the thalamus. 
 • Thalamocele (tliaV -am-o-seT) [thalamo-; KotXca, 
 a hollow]. The third ventricle. 
 
 Thalamocortical (thal-am-o-kor 1 '-tik-aV) [thal- 
 
 amo-; cortex]. Pertaining to the thalamus 
 and the cortex of the brain. 
 
 Thalamolenticular (thai - am - o -len-tik' -u-lar) 
 [thalamo-; lenticular]. Pertaining to the 
 thalamus and the lenticular nucleus. 
 
 Thalamotegmental (thal-am-o -ieg-ment'-at). 
 Relating to the thalamus and tegmentum. 
 
 Thalamus (thai' -am-us) [dd.Xap.oc, couch; pi., 
 thalami]. A mass of gray matter at the base 
 of the brain, developed from the wall of the ves- 
 icle of the third ventricle, and forming part of 
 the wall of the latter cavity. The posterior 
 part is called the pulvinar. The thalamus re- 
 ceives fibers from all parts of the cortex, and is 
 also connected with the tegmentum and with 
 fibers of the optic tract. T., Optic, T. opti- 
 cus. The same as Thalamus. 
 
 Thalassophobia (thal-as-o-fo'-be-ah) [OaXaaaa, 
 sea; cpdfioc, fear]. A morbid fear of the 
 sea. 
 
 Thalassotherapy (thal-as-o-ther'-ap-e) [daX- 
 aaaa, sea; depa-eia, treatment]. Treatment 
 of disease by sea-voyages, sea-bathing, etc. 
 
 Thallin (thai' -in) [OaXXoc, a green shoot], C 10 H 13 - 
 ON. A liquid basic substance, tetrahydro- 
 paramethyloxychinolin. The sulfate and tar- 
 trate are used as germicides and antipyretics, 
 and have been employed in typhoid fever 
 and the fever of phthisis. Dose 1-4 gr. 
 (0.065-0.26 Gm.). In gonorrhea the sulfate 
 is employed as an injection in the strength 
 of a 1.5 % solution. 
 
 Thallium (thal'-e-um) [see Thallin]. A metal- 
 lic element having an atomic weight of 202.6, 
 a specific gravity of 11. 19; symbol, Tl. The 
 salts are poisonous. See Elements, Table of 
 Chemic. 
 
 Thallophyte (thal'-o-fit) [OaXXoc, a green shoot; 
 (fiuzov, a plant]. One of a class of very low 
 cryptogams. 
 
 Thanato- (than-at-o-) [davazoc, death]. A pre- 
 fix denoting pertaining to death. 
 
 Thanatognomonic (than-at-o g-no-mon'-ik) 
 
 [thanato-; pjcopcov, sign]. Indicative of death. 
 
 Thanatoid (than' -at-oid) [davazoc, death; elooc, 
 like]. Resembling death. 
 
 Thanatol (than' -at -ol). Same as Guaethol. 
 
 Thanatomania (than-at-o-ma' -ne-ah) [thanato-; 
 pavia, madness]. Suicidal mania. 
 
 Thanatometer (than-at-om'-et-er) [thanato-; 
 phpov, a measure]. A thermometer intro- 
 duced into a body-cavity to determine if the 
 depression of temperature is so great as to be 
 a sign of death. 
 
 Thanatophobia (than-at-o-fo' -be-ah) [thanato-; 
 4>6ftoc, fear]. A morbid fear of death. 
 
 Thane's Method. To find the fissure of 
 Rolando in operations upon the brain, the 
 middle point of a line passing from the root 
 of the nose to the occipital protuberance is 
 determined. The upper extremity of the 
 fissure lies half an inch behind this point. 
 
 Thaumatrope (thaiv'-mah-trop) [Oauua, wonder; 
 zp6~oc, a. turning]. A device containing 
 figures, on opposite sides of a rotating board, 
 which blend when in motion. It shows the 
 duration of visual impressions. 
 
THEA 
 
 970 
 
 THERMALGESIA 
 
 Thea (the' -ah). Tea; the dried leaves of Thea 
 sinensis, a shrub of the order Ternstrcemiacece, 
 containing the alkaloid thein, C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 , 
 identical with caffein. Thea is astringent 
 and gently stimulant to the nervous system; 
 its infusion is used as a beverage. 
 
 Theatrin (the'-at-rin). An ointment-vehicle 
 consisting of wax, oil, and water. 
 
 Thebain (the' -ba-in) [Q^ac, Thebes], C 19 H 21 N- 
 3 . An alkaloid found in opium, analogous 
 to strychnin in its physiologic effects. 
 
 Thebesian Foramens, T. Valve, T. Veins. 
 See under Thebesius. 
 
 Thebesius' Foramens. The orifices of The- 
 besius' veins. T.'s Valve, an endocardial 
 fold at the orifice of the coronary vein in the 
 right auricle. T.'s Veins, venae minimse 
 cordis; the venules which convey the blood 
 directly from the myocardium into the auricles. 
 
 Thebolactic Acid (theb-o-lak'-tik). A variety 
 of lactic acid occurring in opium. 
 
 Theca {the'-kah) [Orjicrj, a sheath]. A sheath, 
 especially one of a tendon. T. cerebri, the 
 cranium. T. cordis, the pericardium. T. 
 folliculi, a membranous formation around a 
 graafian vesicle caused by fibrillation of a 
 layer of young connective tissue subsequent to 
 the increased vascularity accompanying the 
 process of maturation. T. vertebralis, the 
 membranes of the spinal cord. 
 
 Thecal (the'-kal) [theca]. Pertaining to a sheath. 
 
 Thecate (the'-kat) [theca]. Contained within 
 a sheath. 
 
 Thecitis (the-sV -tis) [theca; trie, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon. 
 
 Thein {the' -in). See under Thea. 
 
 Theism (the'-izm) [thea]. The morbid condition 
 due to the excessive use of tea; it is character- 
 ized by headache, palpitation, tremor, in- 
 somnia, cachexia, etc. 
 
 Thelalgia (the-laV '-je-ah) [drjXrj, a nipple; dXyoc, 
 pain]. Pain in the nipples. 
 
 Thele (the'-le) [drjXrj, a nipple]. The nipple of 
 the female breast. 
 
 Thelitis (the-W -tis) [thele; acg, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the nipples. 
 
 Thelium (the'-le-um) [thele]. A papilla; also, 
 a layer of cells. 
 
 Theloncus (the-long'-kus) [thele; oynoc;, a tumor]. 
 Tumor of the nipple. 
 
 Thelorrhagia (the-lor-aj'-e-ah) [thele; pe'cv, to 
 flow]. Hemorrhage from the nipple. 
 
 Thelothism (the' '-lo-thizm) [thele; d>6ktv, to 
 push]. Projection of the nipple, caused by 
 contraction of the transverse muscular fibers. 
 
 Thelyblast (theV -e-blast) [dijhuc, female; ftkaoroc, 
 a germ]. The female element of the bisexual 
 nucleus; the ovum after the polar globules 
 have been extruded. 
 
 Thenad (the f -nad) [thenar; ad, toward]. To- 
 ward the thenar eminence. 
 
 Thenal (the'-nal) [thenar]. Pertaining to the 
 palm, or the thenar eminence. 
 
 Thenar (the'-nar) [divap, palm], i. The palm 
 of the hand. 2. The fleshy prominence of 
 the palm corresponding to the base of the 
 thumb. T. Eminence. See Thenar (2). 
 
 Theobroma (the-o-bro' -mah) [deof, a god; (Upti/ia, 
 food]. A genus of trees of the Sterculiacece. 
 The seeds of T. cacao yield a fixed oil (oleum 
 theobromatis, U. S. P.), and contain the al- 
 kaloid theobromin, C 7 H 8 N 4 2 , which is closely 
 related to caffein and xanthin. The seeds 
 are used in the preparation .of chocolate and 
 cocoa; the oil (cacao-butter) is employed as 
 an ingredient of cosmetic ointments and for 
 making pills and suppositories. Theobromin 
 acts similarly to caffein. 
 
 Theobromin (the-o-bro' -min). See under Theo- 
 broma. T. Sodiosalicylate. See Diuretin. 
 
 Theocin (the'-o-sin). Synthetically prepared 
 theophyllin, isomeric with theobromin, and 
 used as a diuretic. Dose 4 gr. (0.25 Gm.) 2 
 or 3 times daily. 
 
 Theomania (the-o-ma'-ne-ah) [6e6c> a god; 
 fiavia, madness]. 1. Religious mania. 2. 
 Insanity in which the individual believes 
 himself to be a divine being. 
 
 Theophyllin (the-o-fl' -in) [thea, tea; <f)uMov, 
 leaf], C 7 H 8 N 4 2 . An alkaloid occurring in 
 tea and isomeric with theobromin and with 
 paraxanthin. 
 
 Theotherapy (the-o-ther'-ap-e) [deoc, a god; 
 therapy]. The treatment of disease by prayer 
 and religious exercises. 
 
 Therapeusis (ther-ap-u'-sis). See Thera- 
 peutics. 
 
 Therapeutic (ther-ap-u'-tik) [see Therapeutics]. 
 Pertaining to therapeutics; curative. T. 
 Test, a method of diagnosis by administering 
 certain remedies known to influence a given 
 disease, e. g., quinin in malaria, potassium 
 iodid and mercury in syphilis. 
 
 Therapeutics (ther-ap-w '-tiks) [depaiteuxcKT}, the 
 art of medicine]. The branch of medical 
 science dealing with the treatment of dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Therapeutist (ther-ap-u'-tist) [see Therapeutics]. 
 One skilled in therapeutics. 
 
 Therapy (ther'-ap-e). See Therapeutics. T., 
 Psychic, treatment of disease by influence 
 of the mind. 
 
 Theriaca (the-ri' -ak-ah) [Orjptanrj, from dypcov, 
 a wild beast, because believed to be an anti- 
 dote against the poison of animals]. Treacle; 
 molasses. T. andromachi, Venice treacle, 
 a compound containing nearly 70 ingredients, 
 and used as an antidote against poisons. 
 
 Theriodic (the-re-od'-ik) [Orjpwv, a wild beast]. 
 Malignant. 
 
 Theriomimicry (ther-e-o-mim'-ik-re) [therion; 
 [icfioc, an imitator]. Imitation of the acts of 
 animals. 
 
 Theriotherapy (ther-e-o-ther'-ap-e) [therion; ther- 
 apy]. Veterinary therapy. 
 
 Therm [Okpfirj, heat]. The amount of heat 
 required to raise the temperature of one gram 
 of water from o° C. to i° C. ; it is equal to 1000 
 calories. 
 
 Thermaerotherapy (ther-mah-e-ro-ther'-ap-e) . 
 The therapeutic application of hot air. 
 
 Thermal (ther'-mal) [see Therm]. 1. Per- 
 taining to heat. 2. Hot, as thermal spring. 
 
 Thermalgesia (ther-mal-je'-ze-ah) [therm; oU^oc, 
 
THERMANALGESIA 
 
 971 
 
 THERMONEUROSIS 
 
 pain]. The condition in which heat causes 
 pain. 
 
 Thermanalgesia (ther-man-al-je f -ze-ah). See 
 Thermo analgesia. 
 
 Thermanesthesia (ther-man-es-the f -ze-ah). See 
 Thermoanesthesia. 
 
 Thermesthesia (ther-mes-the' -ze-ah) [therm; 
 a'coOr^acc, sensation], i. The heat-sense. 2. 
 Sensitiveness to heat. 
 
 Thermic (ther'-mik) [dip/iy, heat]. Pertaining 
 to heat. T. Fever, sunstroke; heat-fever. 
 
 Thermin (ther'-min), C 10 H n .NH 2 HCl. A col- 
 orless liquid obtained from a solution of 
 /?-naphthylamin in amyl-alcohol by action of 
 metallic sodium. Syn., Tetrahydro-ft-naph- 
 thylamin. T. Hydrochlorate, C 10 H n NH 2 .- 
 HC1, used to increase body-temperature. 
 
 Thermo- (ther-mo-) [dkpp.f), heat]. A prefix 
 meaning heat. 
 
 Thermoaerophore (ther-mo-a-e' '-ro-for) [ther- 
 mo-; drjp, air; cpepzcv, to bear]. An apparatus 
 for the therapeutic local application of hot air. 
 
 Thermoanalgesia (ther-mo -an -al-je f -ze-ah) 
 [thermo-; analgesia]. Insensibility to heat or 
 to contact with heated objects; due to cerebral 
 lesion. 
 
 Thermoanesthesia (ther-mo-an-es-the' '-ze-ah) 
 [thermo-; anesthesia]. Loss of the perception 
 of thermal impressions, a condition sometimes 
 present in syringomyelia. 
 
 Thermocauterectomy (ther-mo-kaw-ter-ek' -to- 
 me). See I gniextirpation. 
 
 Thermocautery (ther-mo-kaw' -ter-e) . See Cau- 
 tery, Paquelin's. 
 
 Thermochemistry (ther-mo-kem'-is-trc) [ther- 
 mo-; chemistry]. That branch of chemic 
 science embracing the mutual relations of 
 heat and chemic changes. 
 
 Thermochroic (ther-mo-kro' -ik) [thermo-; xpba, 
 color]. Transmitting some thermal rays and 
 absorbing others. 
 
 Thermodin (ther' -mo-din) [dtpti-q, heat], C 13 H 17 - 
 N0 4 . An antipyretic derivative of ethyl 
 carbamate. 
 
 Thermoelectricity (ther-mo-e-lek-tris' -it-e) [ther- 
 mo-; electricity]. Electricity generated by 
 heat. 
 
 Thermofuge (ther'-mo-fuj). An external anti- 
 septic, emollient, and detergent, said to be a 
 compound of aluminium silicate, glycerol, bo- 
 ric acid, menthol, thymol, oil of eucalyptus, 
 and ammonium iodid. 
 
 Thermogen (ther f -mo-jen) [see Thermo genesis]. 
 An appliance for keeping up the temperature 
 of patients during an operation. It consists 
 of a quilted cushion through which pass wires 
 the temperature of which can be raised by 
 the passage of an electric current. 
 
 Thermogenesis (ther-mo-jen'-es-is) [thermo-; 
 ytvvav, to produce]. The production of heat. 
 
 Thermogenetic, Thermogenic, Thermo - 
 genous (ther-mo-jen-et'-ik, ther-mo- jen' -ik, 
 ther-mo f-en-us) [see Thermogenesis]. Per- 
 taining to thermogenesis; producing heat. 
 
 Thermograph (ther'-mo-graf) [thermo-; ypafyztv, 
 to write]. A device for registering variations 
 of temperature automatically. 
 
 Thermohyperalgesia (ther-mo-hi-per-al-je' '-ze- 
 ah) [thermo-; hyperalgesia]. Painful sensation 
 felt on contact with a hot or cold body. 
 
 Thermohyperesthesia (ther-mo-hi-per-es-the' - 
 ze-ah) [thermo-; hyperesthesia]. Abnormal 
 sensitiveness to the application of hot bodies. 
 
 Thermohypesthesia (ther-mo-hi-pes-the' -ze-ah) ■ 
 [thermo-; hypesthesia]. Abnormal indif- 
 ference or insensibility to heat or to contact 
 with heated objects. 
 
 Thermohypoesthesia (ther-mo-hi-po-es-the r - 
 ze-ah). See Thermohypesthesia. 
 
 Thermoinhibitory (ther - mo - in - hib' -it-o- re) 
 [thermo-; inhibitory]. Inhibiting the pro- 
 duction of heat. 
 
 Thermol (ther' -mot), C u H l5 N0 3 . A coal-tar 
 derivative forming as white crystals, soluble 
 in water and alcohol. It is analgesic, antipy- 
 retic, and antiseptic. Dose 3 gr. (0.2 Gm.) 
 every 3 hours. 
 
 Thermolabile (ther-mo-la' -bil) [thermo-; lapsus, 
 a gliding or falling]. Destroyed or changed 
 by heat. 
 
 Thermolusia (ther-mo-lu' '-se-ah) [thermo-; 
 Xuziv, to wash]. A hot bath. 
 
 Thermolysis (ther-moV -is-is) [thermo-; Xuacc, a 
 loosening]. 1. Dissipation of animal heat. 
 2. Chemic decomposition by means of heat. 
 
 Thermolytic (ther-mo-lif -ik) [see Thermolysis]. 
 Pertaining to thermolysis. 
 
 Thermomassage (ther-mo-mas-ahzh'). Mas- 
 sage with application of heat. 
 
 Thermometer (ther -mom' -et-er) [thermo-; pthpov, 
 a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
 the intensity of heat, consisting of a substance 
 capable of expanding and contracting, and 
 a graduated scale by means of which varia- 
 tions in the volume of the substance can be 
 determined. In the ordinary thermometer 
 the expansive substance is mercury (mercu- 
 rial thermometer), expanding into a vacuous 
 capillary tube, the degree of heat being meas- 
 ured by the length of the column of mercury. 
 T., Centigrade, T., Celsius, one in which 
 the freezing-point is at o° and the boiling- 
 point at ioo°. T., Clinical, a self -registering 
 thermometer for ascertaining the bodily 
 temperature. T., Fahrenheit, one in which 
 the interval between the freezing-point and 
 the boiling-point is divided into 180 equal 
 parts, each called a degree, the zero-point 
 being 32 or divisions below the freezing- 
 point of water. T., Reaumur, one in which 
 the freezing-point of water is o° and the boiling- 
 point 8o°. T., Self -registering, one that by 
 means of an index shows the highest (max- 
 imum) or lowest (minimum) temperature 
 to which it has been exposed. T., Surface-, 
 one for registering the surface-temperature of 
 any portion of the body. 
 
 Thermometric (ther-mo-met f -rik) [thermometer]. 
 Pertaining to a thermometer. 
 
 Thermometry (ther-mom' -et-re) [thermometer]. 
 The measuring of temperature by means of 
 the thermometer. 
 
 Thermoneurosis (ther-mo-nu-ro'-sis) [thermo-; 
 neurosis]. Pyrexia of vasomotor origin. 
 
THERMONOSUS 
 
 972 
 
 THIOSINAMIN 
 
 Thermonosus {ther-mon-o'-sus) [thermo-; vbooc, 
 disease]. Disease caused by heat. 
 
 Thermophilic {ther-mo-fil'-ik) [thermo-; <f>delv, 
 to love]. Applied to microorganisms which 
 develop best at relatively high temperatures — 
 5o°-55° C. or above. 
 
 Thermopile {ther' -mo-pll) [thermo-; pile]. A 
 contrivance consisting of a series of connected 
 metallic plates, in which, under the influence 
 of heat, a current of electricity is produced 
 which acts upon a registering index. By 
 means of it very minute amounts of heat can 
 be measured. 
 
 Thermoplegia {ther-mo-ple' -je-ah) . Heat- 
 stroke. 
 
 Thermopolypnea {ther-mo-pol-ip-ne' -ah) [ther- 
 mo-; itoXug, many; nve'cv, to breathe]. Rapid 
 respiration due to high temperature. 
 
 Thermostabile {ther-mo-sta' -biV) [thermo-; sta- 
 bilis, firm; steadfast]. Not destroyed nor 
 changed by heat. 
 
 Thermostat {ther' -mo-stat) [thermo-; orator, 
 standing]. A device for automatically regu- 
 lating and maintaining a constant tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Thermosystaltic {ther-mo-sis-tal'-tik) [thermo-; 
 ouoxkXXetv, to contract]. Contracting under 
 the influence of heat; pertaining to muscular 
 contraction due to heat. 
 
 Thermotactic, Thermotaxic {ther-mo-tak'-tik, 
 ther-mo-taks' -ik) [see Thermotaxis]. Regu- 
 lating the heat of the body, as a thermotactic 
 center. 
 
 Thermotaxis {ther-mo-taks' -is) [thermo-; xa^cc, 
 from xaooecv, to arrange]. The regulation of 
 the bodily heat. 
 
 Thermotherapy {ther-mo-ther'-ap-e) [thermo-; 
 Oepamca, cure]. Treatment of disease by 
 heat. 
 
 Thermotonometer {ther-mo-ton-om' -et-er) [ther- 
 mo-; zovoc, a stretching; [ikzpov, a measure]. 
 An apparatus fur determining the amount of 
 muscular contraction induced by thermic 
 stimuli. 
 
 Thermotracheotomy {ther-mo-tra-ke-ot'-o-me) . 
 Tracheotomy by means of the actual cautery. 
 
 Theromorph {ther' -o-morf) [6r)p, a wild beast; 
 /J.opcf)Tj, form]. A monstrosity resembling an 
 animal. 
 
 Thialdin {thi-al'-din), C 6 H 13 NS 2 , a crystalline 
 substance obtained by the action of sulfureted 
 hydrogen on aldehyd ammonium; it is used 
 as a heart stimulant. 
 
 Thiersch's Method of Skin-grafting. Long, 
 broad strips of skin are removed from the 
 arm or leg and placed on a wound previously 
 deprived of its granulations by means of a 
 sharp curet. T.'s Solution, a valuable anti- 
 septic wash for the nose, throat, or stomach, 
 consisting of salicylic acid, 2 parts; boric acid, 
 12 parts; water, 1000 parts. 
 
 Thigenol {thi'-jen-ol). The soda salt of a 
 sulfur acid extracted from synthetic sulfur oil. 
 It is used in the treatment of skin diseases in 
 the form of pomades containing 20 parts in 100. 
 
 Thigh {thl) [AS., theoh]. The part of the lower 
 limb extending from pelvis to knee. 
 
 Thilanin {thi'-lan-in) [delov, sulfur; lanolin]. 
 A brownish-yellow substance derived from 
 and resembling lanolin. It contains 3% of 
 sulfur and is used in the treatment of eczema 
 and other diseases of the skin. 
 
 Thio- (thi-o-) [de'cov, sulfur]. A prefix denoting 
 containing sulfur. 
 
 Thioacetaldehyd {thi-o-as-et-aV -de-htd) . See 
 Sulfaldehyd. 
 
 Thioacid (thi-o-as'-id). One of a group of 
 acids produced by the substitution of sulfur 
 •for the oxygen in an oxygen acid. 
 
 Thioalcohol {thi-o-aV -ko-hol) . SeeMercaptan. 
 
 Thiocarbamid (thi-o-kar'-bam-id). See Thio- 
 urea. 
 
 Thiochromogen {thi-o-kro' -mo-jen) . See Au- 
 reolin. 
 
 Thiocol (thi'-o-kol). See Potassium-guaiacol 
 Sulfonate. 
 
 Thiocyanic Acid (thi-o-si-an'-ik), CNHS. 
 Sulfocyanic acid, a monobasic acid forming 
 the thiocyanates or sulfocyanates. Potassium 
 thiocyanate, CNKS, occurs in saliva. 
 
 Thiodinaphthyloxid {thi-o-di-naf-thil-oks'-id) . 
 An orange-colored powder used in the treat- 
 ment of skin diseases. 
 
 Thioether {thi-o -e' -ther). See Alkyl-sulfids. 
 
 Thioform {thi'-o-form). See Bismuth Dithio- 
 salicylate. 
 
 Thiogenic {thi-o-jen'-ik) [thio-; yevvav, to pro- 
 duce]. Applied to bacteria able to convert 
 sulfureted hydrogen into higher sulfur com- 
 pounds. 
 
 Thiol {thi'-oV) [de'cov, sulfur]. A substance pre- 
 pared from gas-oil by heating with sulfur, 
 and occurring in a dry and a liquid form. It 
 has been used as an application to ulcers and 
 in diseases of the skin. 
 
 Thiolin {thi'-ol-in). See Acid, Thiolinic. 
 
 Thionin {thi'-o-nin) [de'cov, sulfur], C 12 H 9 N 3 S. 
 A sulfur compound of the aromatic group, 
 used as a stain in microscopy. Its solutions 
 are of a dark-blue color. 
 
 Thiophene {thi'-o-fen) [thio-; phenol], C 4 H 4 S. 
 A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series ; a color- 
 less, oily liquid, miscible with water. The 
 iodid, C 4 H 2 I 2 S, has been used as a substitute 
 for iodoform. T. Sodium Sulfonate, C 4 - 
 H 3 S.NaS0 3 , a white powder used in prurigo. 
 
 Thiophil (thi'-o-fil) [thio-; <f>cXe'cv, to love]. 
 Loving sulfur; applied to microorganisms. 
 
 Thiopyrin {thi-o-pi'-rin). A derivative of 
 antipyrin. 
 
 Thioresorcinol {thi-o-rez-or' -sin-ol) [thio-; res- 
 orcinoT], C 6 H 4 (SO) 2 . A compound of sulfur 
 and resorcinol used as a powder or ointment 
 as a substitute for iodoform. 
 
 Thiosapol {thi-o-sa'-pol). A sulfureted soap 
 containing 10% of sulfur. 
 
 Thiosavonals {thio-sav'-on-als). Potash sul- 
 fur soaps that contain sulfur in a chemically 
 combined state. 
 
 Thiosinamin {thi-o-sin' -am-in) [thio-; sinapis, 
 mustard], C 4 H 8 N 2 S. A crystalline substance 
 prepared from mustard-oil and ammonia. 
 It is used in lupus, glandular enlargements, 
 and night-sweats. 
 
THIO SULFURIC ACID 
 
 973 
 
 THORMAEHLEN'S TEST 
 
 Thiosulfuric Acid {thi-o-sul-fu'-rik) [thio-; sul- 
 furic], H 2 S 2 3 . An acid derived from sulfuric 
 acid by the substitution of sulfur for part of 
 the oxygen. 
 Thiourea {thi-o-u-re'-ah) [thio-; urea], CS(NH) 2 . 
 Sulfocarbamid; a derivative of urea in 
 which sulfur replaces the oxygen of the latter. 
 
 Third Cranial Nerve. The oculomotor nerve. 
 See Motor oculi under Nerve. 
 
 Thirst {thurst) [AS., thurst]. A desire for drink. 
 
 Thiry's Fistula {the'-rez). A fistula for ob- 
 taining the intestinal juice. A piece of 
 intestine about four inches long is separated 
 from the bowel without dividing the mesentery 
 and its blood-vessels. One end of the tube 
 is closed, and the other is stitched to the 
 abdominal wound. The two ends of intestine 
 from which the piece was cut out are then 
 united by sutures. From the excised piece a 
 pure intestinal juice is obtained. 
 
 Thiuret {thi'-u-ret) [deeov, sulfur], C 8 H 7 N 3 S 2 . 
 A crystalline antiseptic which readily yields 
 its sulfur in a nascent condition. On this 
 property depends its antiseptic action. 
 
 Thlipsencephalus {thlip-sen-sef'-al-us) [OXc^cg, 
 pressure; efukcpaXoc, brain]. A monster in 
 which there is extensive exposure of the base 
 of the brain from nondevelopment of the 
 occipital bone and even of the upper vertebras. 
 
 Thliptol {thlip'-tol). A proprietary antiseptic 
 and deodorant liquid, said to consist of benzo- 
 boric acid combined with oil of eucalyptus, 
 thyme, etc. 
 
 Thompson's Line. A red line along the border 
 of the gums, frequently seen in pulmonary 
 tuberculosis. T.'s Test, the collection of 
 the morning urine in two glasses to determine 
 whether a gonorrheal process is localized in 
 the anterior portion of the urethra or whether 
 it has extended into the posterior portion. 
 
 Thomson's Disease [after J. Thomsen, a 
 German physician]. Myotonia congenita, a 
 disease commonly congenital and occurring 
 in families, and characterized by tonic spasm 
 or rigidity of the muscles, coming on when 
 they are first put in action after a period of 
 rest. As the muscles are used the stiffness 
 gradually wears off. 
 
 Thomsonianism {tom-so' -ne-an-izm) . A sys- 
 tem of medicine introduced by Samuel 
 Thomson (i 769-1843), of Massachusetts. It 
 insisted on the use of vegetable remedies only. 
 
 Thoracalgia {tho-rak-al' -je-ah) [thorax; aXyoc, 
 
 - pain]. Pain in the thorax. 
 
 Thoracentesis {tho-ras-en-te'-sis) [thorax; 
 K£vtt)occ, a piercing]. Puncture of the thorax 
 for the removal of fluid. 
 
 Thoracic {tho-ras'-ik) [thorax]. Pertaining to 
 or situated in the chest or thorax, as the tho- 
 racic aorta. T. Duct. See Duct, Thoracic. 
 T. Index. See Index, Thoracic. 
 
 Thoracicoacromialis {tho-ras-ik-o-ak-ro-mi-a' - 
 lis). See Artery, Acromiothoracic. 
 
 Thoracicohumeral {tho-ras-ik-o-hu' -mer-al) . 
 Relating to the chest and upper arm. 
 
 Thoraco- {tho-rak-o-) [OuipaZ, thorax]. A prefix 
 denoting pertaining to the thorax. 
 
 Thoracoacromial {tho -rak-o-ak-ro' '- me-at) . 
 Acromiothoracic, relating to the chest and 
 the shoulder; applied to a group of muscles. 
 
 Thoracoceloschisis {tho - rak -o-se- los f - kis-is) 
 [thoraco-; KocX'ca, belly; aycacc, a cleaving]. 
 Congenital fissure of the chest and abdomen. 
 
 Thoracocentesis {tho-rak-o-sen-te'-sis). See 
 Thoracentesis. 
 
 Thoracocyrtosis {tho-rak-o-sur-to 1 '-sis) [tho- 
 raco-; Kuproc, curved]. Excessive curvature 
 of the thorax. 
 
 Thoracodidymus {tho-rak-o-did' '-im-us) [tho- 
 raco-; ocoopoc, double]. A double monster 
 joined at the thorax. 
 
 Thoracodynia {tho-rak-o-din'-e-ah) [thoraco-; 
 oouvt), pain]. Pain in the chest. 
 
 Thoracogastrodidymus {tho-rak-o-gas-tro-did'- 
 im-us) [thoraco-; yaor^p, belly; dioupoc, 
 double]. A twin monstrosity united by the 
 thorax and abdomen. 
 
 Thoracogastroschisis {tho-rak-o-gas-tros' -kis- 
 is). See Thoracoceloschisis. 
 
 Thoracometer {tho-rak-om' '-et-er) [thoraco-; 
 pkxpov, a measure]. A stethometer. 
 
 Thoracometry {tho-rak-om' -et-re) [see Thorac- 
 ometer]. Measurement of the movement of 
 the walls of the chest. 
 
 Thoracopagus {tho-rak-o p'-ag-us) [thoraco-; 
 Tzayoc, that which is firmly set]. A double 
 monster with portions of the thoraxes coal- 
 escent. 
 
 Thoracoplasty {tho-rak' -o-plas-te) [thoraco-; 
 nXaoascv, to form]. Plastic operation upon 
 the thorax. 
 
 Thoracoschisis {tho-rak-os' -kis-is) [thoraco-; 
 °X' ac ^i a cleaving]. Congenital fissure of 
 the thorax. 
 
 Thoracoscope {tho-rak' -o-skop) [thoraco-; cko- 
 Tie'cv, to view]. A stethoscope. 
 
 Thoracoscopy {tho-rak-os' -ko-pe) [see Thoraco- 
 scope]. Examination of the chest, especially 
 by the stethoscope. 
 
 Thoracostenosis {tho-rak-o-sten-o' -sis) [tho- 
 raco-; stenosis]. Contraction or compression 
 of the walls of the chest. 
 
 Thoracotomy {tho-rak-of -o-me) [thoraco-; zip- 
 vscv, to cut]. Incision of the thorax or chest- 
 wall. 
 
 Thoradelphus {tho-rad-el'-fus) [thorax; ddcX<f>6c, 
 brother]. A double monster united above 
 the umbilicus, with one head, four lower and 
 two upper extremities. 
 
 Thorax {tho'-raks) [ddjpa^, a breastplate]. The 
 chest; the framework of bones and soft tissues 
 bounded by the diaphragm below, the ribs 
 and sternum in front, the ribs and dorsal 
 portion of the vertebral column behind, and 
 above by the structures in the lower part of 
 the neck, and containing the heart inclosed 
 in the pericardium, the lungs invested by 
 the pleura, and the mediastinal structures. 
 T., Region of. See Region, Thoracic. 
 
 Thorium {tho'-re-um) [Icel., Thorr]. A rare 
 metal related chemically to tin. Symbol Th. 
 
 Thormaehlen's Test for Melanin in Urine. 
 To the urine to be tested add sodium nitro- 
 prussid, caustic potash, and acetic acid, and 
 
974 
 
 Contents of the Thorax, Showing the Diaphragm in its Relations to the Heart and Lungs. — (Holden.) 
 i. Left ventricle. 2. Right ventricle. 3. Anterior coronary artery. 4. Left auricle. 5. Right auricle. 6. Superior 
 
 vena cava. 7. Pulmonary artery. 8. Origin of aorta. 9. Arch of aorta. 10. Innominate artery, n. Right 
 
 carotid. 12, 12. Subclavian arteries. 13. Scalenus anticus. 14. First rib. 15. Larynx. 16. Trachea. 17, 17. 
 
 Pneumogastrics. 18,18. Phrenics. 19. Right lung. 20. Left lung. 21,21. Diaphragm. 22,22. Seventh pair of 
 
 ribs. 
 
 * 
 
 Thorax (Anterior View). 
 1. Manubrium sterni. 2. Gladiolus. 3. Ensiform cartilage of xiphoid appendix. 4. Circumference of apex of 
 thorax. 5. Circumference of base. 6. First rib. 7. Second rib. 8, 8. Third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and 
 seventh ribs. 9. Eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs. 10. Eleventh and twelfth ribs, n, 11. Costal cartilages. 
 
THORN-APPLE 
 
 975 
 
 THYMIN 
 
 in the presence of melanin a deep-blue color- 
 ation will be produced. 
 
 Thorn-apple. See Stramonium. 
 
 Thornton's Sign. Violent pain in the flanks 
 in nephrolithiasis. 
 
 Thornwaldt's Disease. Nasolaryngeal steno- 
 sis associated with the formation of a cyst-like 
 cavity in the midst of the racemose glands in 
 the pharyngeal mucosa, and containing pus or 
 mucopus. 
 
 Thorough wort. See Eupatorium. 
 
 Thought-transference. See Telepathy. 
 
 Threadworm. See Oxyuris. 
 
 Three -day Fever. Synonym of Dengue. 
 
 Threpsology (threp-sol'-o-je) [Ope^cc, nutrition; 
 Xoyoc, treatise]. The science of nutrition. 
 
 Threshold (thresh' -old). The lower limit of 
 stimulus capable of producing an impression 
 upon consciousness. 
 
 Thrill. A fine vibration felt by the hand. 
 A thrill may be felt on palpation over an 
 aneurysm, over a heart the seat of valvular 
 disease, and over hydatid cysts. T., Presys- 
 tolic, a thrill which can sometimes be felt 
 before the systole when the hand is placed over 
 the apex-beat. T., Purring, a thrill re- 
 sembling that felt when the hand is placed on 
 the back of a cat. 
 
 Throat (throt) [AS., throte, throat], i. The 
 anterior part of the neck. 2. The pharynx 
 and larynx; the fauces. T., Sore, pharyn- 
 gitis. T., Sore, Clergyman's, laryngitis 
 caused by overuse through public speaking. 
 
 Throb. A pulsation or beating. 
 
 Throbbing (throb' -ing). A rhythmic beating. 
 T. Aorta, exaggerated pulsation of the 
 abdominal aorta perceptible to the patient. 
 
 Thromballosis (throm-bal-o'-sis) [thrombus; 
 aXXo'uvocc, a change]. The changed condition 
 caused by coagulation of the venous blood. 
 
 Thrombase (throm'-bdz), Same as Thrombin. 
 
 Thrombin (throm' -bin) [thrombus]. The fibrin- 
 ferment, the animal enzym that causes coagu- 
 lation of shed blood. 
 
 Thrombo- (throm-bo-) [dpofifioc, a thrombus]. 
 A prefix denoting pertaining to a thrombus. 
 
 Thromboarteritis (throm -bo -ar - ter - i' - Us) 
 [thrombo-; arteritis]. Inflammation of an 
 artery associated with thrombosis. 
 
 Thrombocystis (throm-bo-sis' -tis) [thrombo-; 
 dioxtc, a bladder]. The sac sometimes 
 enveloping a thrombus. 
 
 Thrombogen (throm' -bo-jen) [thrombo-; yzvvav, 
 to produce]. In biology, producing or giving 
 . rise to clots. 
 
 Thromboid (throm' -boid) [thrombo-; eldoc, like]. 
 Resembling a thrombus. 
 
 Thrombophlebitis (throm -bo- fleb - V - tis) 
 [thrombo-; phlebitis]. Inflammation of a vein 
 associated with thrombosis. 
 
 Thrombosin (throm' -bo-sin) . One of the 
 products of the cleavage of fibrinogen by 
 acetic acid; it is a proteid body which passes 
 into fibrin in the presence of soluble calcium 
 salts. 
 
 Thrombosis (throm-bo' -sis) [thrombus]. The 
 formation of a thrombus. T., Dilation, 
 
 that which results from a slowing of the blood- 
 current next to the vessel-walls, as the result 
 of dilation of a vessel (as in aneurysms, 
 varices) or of the heart. 
 
 Thrombotic (throm-bot'-ik) [thrombosis]. Per- 
 taining to or produced by thrombosis. 
 
 Thrombus (throm'-bus) [6p6[i{3oc, a clot]. A 
 clot of blood formed within the heart or blood- 
 vessels, due usually to a slowing of the cir- 
 culation or to alteration of the blood or vessel- 
 walls. 
 
 Through-drainage. A method of drainage 
 in which a perforated tube is carried through 
 the cavity to be drained, so that the latter 
 can be flushed through and through by the 
 injection of fluid into one end of the tube. 
 
 Through-illumination. Transillumination. 
 
 Thrush. A form of stomatitis due to a specific 
 fungus, Oidium albicans or Saccharomyces 
 albicans, and characterized by the presence 
 of diffuse white patches. It occurs especially 
 in weakly children, but may affect adults de- 
 pressed by wasting diseases. 
 
 Thrypsis (thrip'-sis) [dpo^cg, a crushing]. A 
 comminuted fracture. 
 
 Thuja (hu'-jah). A genus of trees of the 
 order Coniferce. T. occidentalis or arbor vitse 
 has been used in intermittent fever, rheuma- 
 tism, scurvy, and as an emmenagog. 
 
 Thumb (thum). The digit on the extreme 
 radial side of the hand, differing from the 
 other digits in having but two phalanges, 
 and in that its metacarpal bone is separately 
 movable. 
 
 Thus [L., "incense"]. True frankincense or 
 olibanum. 
 
 Thuya (thu'-yah). See Thuja. 
 
 Thylacitis, Thylaciitis (thi-las-i'-tis, thi-las- 
 e-i'-tis) [duXancov, a little bag]. Acne rosacea. 
 
 Thyma (thi'-mah). A corruption of ecthyma 
 and also of thymion. 
 
 Thymacetin (thi-mas' -et-in) [thyme; acetum, 
 vinegar], C 6 H 2 (CH 3 )(C 3 H 7 )(OC 2 H 5 )NH(C 2 - 
 H s O). A derivative of thymol used as an 
 antineuralgic. Dose 3-15 gr. (0.2-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Thyme (tim) [66/j.ou, thyme]. The genus Thymus, 
 of the order Labiatce. Thymus vulgaris yields 
 a volatile oil in which are found cymene, 
 thymene, and thymol. T., Oil of (oleum 
 thymi, U. S. P.), a volatile oil distilled from the 
 leaves and tops of Thymus vulgaris. Dose 
 3 min. (0.2 Cc). 
 
 Thymectomy (thi-mek'-to-me) [thymus; itcTOfir], 
 excision]. Excision of the thymus. 
 
 Thymelcosis (thi-mel-ko'-sis) [thymus; ^Xkojocc, 
 ulceration]. Ulceration of the thymus gland. 
 
 Thymene (ti'-men or thi'-men) [thyme]. An 
 eleopten existing in oil of thyme. 
 
 Thymic (thi'-mik, also for first definition, ti'- 
 mik) [thyme; thymus]. 1. Pertaining to or 
 contained in thyme. 2. Pertaining to the 
 thymus gland. T. Asthma, a form of laryn- 
 gismus stridulus consisting in a temporary 
 suspension of respiration, attributed to en- 
 largement of the thymus. 
 
 Thymin (t hi' -min), C 5 H 6 N 2 2 . A crystalline 
 body obtained by boiling nucleic acid from 
 
THYMINOL 
 
 976 
 
 THYROIDIN 
 
 the thymus gland of the calf with dilute 
 sulfuric acid. 
 
 Thyminol (ti'-min-ol). An antiseptic liquid 
 said to be a solution of thymol, eucalyptol, 
 menthol, Baptisia, benzoic, boric, and sal- 
 icylic acids. 
 
 Thymion (thi'-me-on) [Oufieov]. A wart; a 
 condyloma. 
 
 Thymitis (thi-mi'-tis) [thymus; cue, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the thymus 
 gland. 
 
 Thymoform (thi 1 '-mo-form). A reaction- 
 product of thymol and formaldehyd; used as 
 are iodoform and dermatol. 
 
 Thymol (ti'-mol or thi'-mol) [thyme; oleum, oil], 
 Ci H, 3 .HO. A phenol derived from the 
 volatile oils of Thymus vulgaris, Monarda 
 punctata, and Carum ajowan. It is a crys- 
 talline solid, melting at 44° C, very slightly 
 soluble in water, and is used as a local anti- 
 septic and deodorant in ulcers, leukorrhea, 
 and stomatitis, as an intestinal antiseptic, 
 and as an anthelmintic. Dose 1-2 gr. 
 (0.065-0.13 Gm.). T. Carbonate, recom- 
 mended as preferable to thymol in uncin- 
 ariasis. Dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.). Syn., Thy- 
 motol. T. Salicylate, C 10 H 13 O . C* 7 H 5 3 , an 
 intestinal antiseptic. 
 
 Thymotol (thi'-mo-tol). See Thymol Car- 
 bonate. 
 
 Thymoxalme (thi-moks-al'-me) [thyme; 6£uc, 
 sharp; aXc, salt]. A mixture of thyme, vin- 
 egar, and salt. 
 
 Thymozone (thi'-mo-zon). A combination of 
 Eucalyptus globulus, Thymus vulgaris, and 
 Pinus sylvestris, with benzoic, boric, and 
 salicylic acids. A nonirritating compound 
 used as an internal antiseptic and externally 
 as is phenol. 
 
 Thymus (thi'-mus) [dome, the sweetbread]. 
 1 . An organ situated in the anterior superior 
 mediastinum. It continues to develop until 
 the second year of life, afterward remains 
 stationary until about the fourteenth, and then 
 undergoes fatty metamorphosis and atrophy. 
 The thymus consists of lobules largely com- 
 posed of lymphadenoid tissue in which 
 minute concentric bodies, the corpuscles of 
 Hassal, are found. The latter are remnants 
 of epithelial structures. 2. A genus of la- 
 biate plants. See Thyme. T. Gland. Same 
 as Thymus (1). 
 
 Thyraden (thi f -ra-den) . See Thyroidin. 
 
 Thyrein (thi'-re-in). See Iodothyrin. 
 
 Thyreo- (thi-re-o-). See Thyro-. 
 
 Thyro- (thi-ro-) [dupeoc, a shield, and hence, 
 from similarity of shape and function, the 
 thyroid gland or cartilage]. A prefix sig- 
 nifying relationship to the thyroid gland. 
 
 Thyroantitoxin (thi-ro-an-te-toks'-in) [thyro-; 
 antitoxin]. 1. C 6 H n N 3 5 . A proteid con- 
 stituent of the thyroid gland. 2. A prepa- 
 ration of the thyroid gland used in exoph- 
 thalmic goiter, bronchocele, etc. Dose 2 gr. 
 (0.13 Gm.) daily. 
 Thyroarytenoid (thi-ro-ar-if -en-oid) [thyro-; 
 arytenoid]. Pertaining to the thyroid and 
 
 arytenoid cartilages, as the thyroarytenoid 
 
 ligaments, thyroarytenoid muscle (thyroary- 
 
 tenoideus). 
 Thyrocele (thi'-ro-sel) [thyro-; ktjXtj, a tumor]. 
 
 A tumor affecting the thyroid gland; goiter. 
 Thyrochondrotomy (thi - ro - kon - drot ' -o- me) 
 
 [thyro-; %6vdpoc, cartilage; xk\xvecv, to cut]. 
 
 Incision of the thyroid cartilage. 
 Thyrocolloid (thi-ro-kol'-oid). A proprietary 
 
 preparation of the thyroid glands of sheep. 
 Thyroepiglottic (thi-ro-ep-e-glot'-ik) [thyro-; 
 
 epiglottis]. Pertaining to the thyroid cartilage 
 
 and the epiglottis, as the thyroepiglottic muscle 
 
 (thyroepiglottideus) . 
 Thyrogenous [thi-ro]' -en-us) [thyro-; ytyvav, 
 
 to produce]. Originating in the thyroid gland. 
 Thyroglandin (thi-ro- gland' -in). A compound 
 
 of iodoglobulin and thyroidin, in the form 
 
 and proportion in which they exist in the 
 
 thyroid gland. Dose 3-5 gr. (0.19-0.32 Gm.) 
 
 for myxedema and obesity. 
 Thyroglobulin (thi-ro-glob'-u-lin). The iodin- 
 
 proteid of the thyroid secreted by it and lodged 
 
 in the colloid substance. 
 Thyroglossal (thi-ro-glos'-al) [thyro-; yXcuooa, 
 
 tongue]. Pertaining to the thyroid and the 
 
 tongue. 
 Thyrohyal (thi-ro-hi'-al). See Thyrohyoid. 
 Thyrohyoid (thi-ro-hi'-oid) [thyro-; hyoid]. 
 
 Pertaining to the thyroid cartilage and 
 
 hyoid bone, as the thyrohyoid membrane. 
 Thyroid (thi'-roid) [dupeoc, shield; eldoc, like]. 
 1. Shield-shaped. 2. Pertaining to the thy- 
 roid gland. 3. Pertaining to the thyroid 
 cartilage. 4. Pertaining to the thyroid fo- 
 ramen. 5. The thyroid gland. T. Cartilage, 
 the largest of the laryngeal cartilages, united at 
 an angle in front called the pomum adami. T. 
 
 Extract. See under T. Gland. T. Fora- 
 men. See Foramen, Thyroid. T. Gland, 
 one of the socalled ductless glands, lying in 
 front of the trachea, and consisting of two lat- 
 eral lobes, connected centrally by an isthmus. 
 The organ is composed of follicles lined by 
 epithelium, producing a peculiar colloid ma- 
 terial. The function of the organ is not 
 definitely known, but it is supposed to be the 
 production of some substance necessary to 
 the body — an internal secretion that may 
 counteract poisons produced in the system. 
 Hypertrophy of the gland (goiter) is sometimes 
 associated with a peculiar disease known as 
 exophthalmic goiter; absence of the gland 
 leads to cretinism or myxedema. An ex- 
 tract prepared from the thyroid gland of 
 animals (thyroid extract) and other prepara- 
 tions of the gland are used medicinally. See 
 Organotherapy. 
 Thyroidectomy (thi-roi-dek'-to-me) [thyroid; 
 EKzofirj, excision]. Excision of the thyroid 
 gland. 
 Thyroidin (thi-roi'-din) [thyroid; eldoc, like]. 
 A proprietary lactose trituration of dried 
 extract of thyroid gland; one part represents 
 two parts of fresh gland. It is an alterative 
 used in myxedema, struma, and psoriasis. 
 Dose 15-24 gr. (1.0-1.5 Gm.) daily. 
 
THYROIDISM 
 
 977 
 
 TINEA 
 
 Thyroidism (thi'-roid-izm). i. Disturbances 
 produced by hypertrophy of the thyroid 
 gland. 2. A series of phenomena due to 
 continued use of thyroid preparations. 3. 
 Disturbances due to removal of the thyroid. 
 
 Thyroiditis (thi-roi-di'-tis) [thyroid; czcc, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the thyroid 
 gland. 
 
 Thyroidotomy (thi-roi-doV -o-me) [thyroid; ~ofxr h 
 a cutting]. Incision of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Thyroidotoxin (thi-roid-o-toks' -in) . A sub- 
 stance specifically toxic for the cells of the 
 thyroid gland. 
 
 Thyro igenous (thi-roi '-jen-us) . Originating in 
 disturbances of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Thyroiodin (thi-ro-i'-od-in). A substance 
 found principally combined with a proteid, 
 but also free in the thyroid gland. Syn., 
 lodothyrin. 
 
 Tkyrolingual (thi-ro-lin'-gwal). Relating to 
 the thyroid and the tongue; thyroglos- 
 sal. 
 
 Thyrophyma (thi-ro-fi'-mah) [thyro-; (ftOfia, a 
 tumor]. Enlargement of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Thyroprival (thi-ro-pri'-val) [thyro-; privare, 
 to deprive]. Due to loss of function or re- 
 moval of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Thyroprivus (thi-ro-pri'-vus) [thyroprival]. 1. 
 Deprived of the thyroid gland. 2. A morbid 
 condition due to loss of the thyroid gland. 
 
 Thyroproteid (thi-ro-pro'-te-id). An albumin 
 from the thyroid gland. 
 
 Thyroptosis (thi-ro-to'-sis) [thyro-; -zdboce, a 
 falling]. Displacement of a goitrous thyroid 
 so as to be concealed in the thorax. 
 
 Thyrotomy (thi-roV -o-me) [thyro-; ro/irj, a cut- 
 ting]. Incision or splitting of the thyroid 
 cartilage. 
 
 Tibia (tib'-e-ah) [L., "shin"]. The larger of 
 the two bones of the leg, commonly called 
 the shin-bone, articulating with the femur, 
 fibula, and astragalus. 
 
 Tibial (tib'-e-al) [tibia]. Pertaining to or in 
 relation with the tibia, as the tibial mus- 
 cle {tibialis), tibial artery, tibial nerve. 
 
 Tibio- (tib-e-o-) [tibia]. A prefix meaning per- 
 taining to the tibia. 
 
 Tibiofemoral (tib-e-o- j em' -or-al) [tibio-; femur]. 
 Pertaining to the tibia and the femur. 
 
 Tibiofibular (tib-e-o- fib' -u-lar) [tibio-; fibula]. 
 Pertaining to the tibia and the fibula. 
 
 Tibionavicular (tib-e-o-nav-ik' -u-lar) [tibio-; 
 na-oicula, a boat]. Relating to the tibia and 
 the scaphoid bone. 
 
 Tibiotarsal (tib-e-o-tar'-sal) [tibio-; tarsus]. 
 Pertaining to the tibia and the tarsus. 
 
 Tic (tik) [Ft.]. A twitching, especially of the 
 facial muscles. T. convulsif, T., Convul- 
 sive, spasm of the facial muscles. T. dou- 
 loureux, neuralgia of the trifacial nerve. T., 
 Painless, the occurrence, at intervals, of 
 sudden rapid involuntary contraction in a 
 muscle or group of muscles. 
 
 Tick (tik). A name applied to several species 
 of Acarus. T. Fever, Texas fever. 
 
 Tickle (tik'-l). To touch so as to cause a 
 peculiar sensation (tickling or titillation), 
 63 
 
 usually associated with laughing and reflex 
 muscular movements. 
 
 T. i. d. An abbreviation for ter in die, three 
 times a day. 
 
 Tidal Air. See under Respiration. T. Wave. 
 See Wave, Tidal. 
 
 Tiedemann's Glands. See Bartholin, Glands of. 
 T.'s Nerve, a plexus of delicate nerve-fibers 
 derived from the ciliary nerves, and surround- 
 ing the central artery of the retina. 
 
 Tiglic Aldehyd (tig'-lik al'-de-hid). See Croton 
 Aldehyd. 
 
 Tiglium (tig'-le-um). A plant, Croton tiglium, 
 of the order Euphorbiacecc. It contains a 
 fixed oil. Tiglii, Oleum (IT. S. P.), croton 
 oil (oleum crotonis, B. P.); a powerful local 
 irritant, and used, locally, as a counterirritant 
 in gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, glandular 
 swellings, etc. It is an active purgative, espe- 
 cially useful when a prompt effect is desired, 
 as in mania, coma, etc. Dose 1 or 2 drops 
 (0.065-0.13 Cc). 
 
 Tigroid (ti-groid') [rcxpoecdr^, spotted]. A 
 term applied to chromophil corpuscles. T. 
 Masses. See NissVs Bodies. 
 
 Tilia (til'-e-ah) [L.]. A genus of exogenous 
 trees — the linden or basswood. 
 
 Tillaux-Phocas' Disease. See Phocas' Dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Tilmus (til'-mus) [nXp.6c, a pulling]. Car- 
 phology. 
 
 Timbre (tam'-br) [Ft.]. The peculiar quality 
 of a tone, other than pitch and intensity, 
 that makes it distinctive. It depends upon 
 the overtones of the vibrating bodv. 
 
 Tin. A silvery-white, metallic, malleable ele- 
 ment, having a specific gravity of 7.25, an 
 atomic weight of 118.1, an atomicity of two or 
 four. Symbol Sn, from the Latin stannum. 
 T. Chlorid, stannous chlorid, SnCl 2 +2H 2 0, 
 is used as a reagent. T., Precipitated 
 (galvanically), recommended as a vermifuge 
 against tape-worm. Dose 9 gr. (0.5 Gm.) 
 every fifteen minutes until five or six doses 
 have been taken. 
 
 Tinctable (tink'-tab-l). Tingible. 
 
 Tincture (tingk'-tur) [tinctura, from tingere, 
 to tinge]. 1. A solution of the medicinal 
 principles of a substance in a fluid other than 
 water or glycerol. 2 . Specifically, an alcoholic 
 solution of a medicinal substance. T., Am- 
 moniated, one made with ammoniated al- 
 cohol. T., Ethereal, one made with ether. 
 T.s of Fresh Herbs (tinctures herbarum recen- 
 tium, U. S. P.), prepared by macerating fresh 
 herbs with alcohol. 
 
 Tinea (tin'-e-ah) [L., "a moth; a worm"]. 
 Ringworm; a generic term applied to a class 
 of skin diseases caused by parasitic fungi, 
 formerly applied to many spreading cu- 
 taneous diseases. T. amiantacea, T. as- 
 bestina, seborrhea of the scalp in which the 
 crusts resemble absestos. T. capitis, ringworm 
 of the scalp. T. circinata. See under T. 
 trichophytina. T. cruris. See under T. tricho- 
 phytina. T. decalvans, alopecia areata. 
 T, favosa, favus. T. furfuracea, seborrhcea 
 
TINGIBLE 
 
 978 
 
 TOBACCO 
 
 sicca. T. imbricata, a disease occurring 
 in the East Indies, and characterized by the 
 formation of concentric scaly patches and 
 intense itching. Syn., Bowditch Island ring- 
 worm; Tokelau ringworm. T. kerion, a 
 markedly inflammatory form of ringworm of 
 the scalp {tinea tonsurans) , giving rise to the 
 formation of an edematous, boggy swelling 
 discharging a mucoid secretion. T. lu- 
 pinosa. Same as T. favosa. T. nodosa, 
 a nodose condition of the hair of the mustache, 
 accompanied by thickening, roughness, and 
 fragility. T. sycosis. See under T. tricho- 
 phytina. T. tarsi, blepharitis ulcerosa. 
 T. tonsurans. See under T. trichophytina. 
 T. trichophytina, ringworm, a spreading, 
 contagious disease of the skin due to a veg- 
 etable fungus, the Trichophyton. On the 
 nonhairy parts of the body {tinea trichophy- 
 tina corporis, tinea circinata) it presents itself 
 by spreading, scaly patches, tending to clear 
 in the center. On the thighs and scrotum 
 {tinea trichophytina cruris) it is apt to assume 
 the appearance of eczema, hence it is also 
 called eczema marginatum. The nails may 
 be affected {tinea trichophytina unguium), 
 becoming grayish, opaque, and brittle. On 
 the scalp {tinea trichophytina capitis, tinea 
 tonsurans) it forms rounded, grayish, slightly 
 elevated, scaly patches, with brittleness and 
 loss of the hair. Ringworm of the bearded 
 region {tinea trichophytina barbce, tinea sycosis, 
 parasitic sycosis, barber's itch) forms at first 
 rounded, scaly patches, which soon become 
 nodular and lumpy and tend to break down. 
 T. versicolor, a disease of the skin due to a 
 vegetable parasite, Microsporon furfur. It 
 is characterized by brownish-yellow macules 
 that coalesce to form extensive areas of 
 eruption. There is usually slight itching. 
 C. W. Allen's iodin test is of value for the 
 recognition of suspected areas; it consists in 
 the application of iodin solution, preferably 
 Lugol's (iodin, 5; potassium iodid, 10; water, 
 100). The diseased portion will stain deep 
 brown or mahogany color, in contrast to 
 the light-yellow coloration of healthy tissue. 
 
 Tingible {tinj'-ib-l) [tingere, to tinge]. Capable 
 of being stained; stainable. 
 
 Tinkling {tink' -ling) . A chinking sound, heard 
 over a pneumothorax or a large pulmonary 
 cavity. Syn., Metallic tinkling. 
 
 Tinnitus {tin-i'-tus or tin'-it-us) [tinnire, to 
 tinkle]. A subjective ringing, roaring, or 
 hissing sound heard in the ears. Syn., Tin- 
 nitus aurium. 
 
 Tisane {te-zahn'). See Ptisan. 
 
 Tissue {tish'-u) [Fr., tissu, from L., texere, to 
 weave]. An aggregation of similar cells and 
 fibers, forming a distinct structure, and en- 
 tering as such into the formation of an organ 
 or organism. T., Adenoid. See 7\, Lymph- 
 adenoid. T., Adipose, fatty tissue, a 
 form of connective tissue consisting of fat-cells 
 lodged in the meshes of areolar tissue. T., 
 Areolar, a form of connective tissue consisting 
 of cells and delicate, elastic fibers interlacing 
 
 in every direction. T., Cancellous, the 
 spongy tissue of bones. T., Cartilaginous. 
 See Cartilage. T., Connective, a general 
 term for all those tissues of the body that 
 support the essential elements or parenchyma. 
 The most important varieties are adipose 
 tissue, areolar tissue, osseous tissue, cartil- 
 aginous tissue, elastic tissue, fibrous tissue, 
 lymphoid tissue. T., Epithelial. See Epi- 
 thelium. T., Erectile, a spongy tissue that 
 becomes expanded and hard when filled with 
 blood. T., Lymphadenoid, T., Lymphoid, 
 a form of connective tissue in which reticular 
 meshes contain lymphoid cells; it composes 
 the greater part of the lymphatic glands and 
 is found in the spleen, tonsils, and the alimen- 
 tary mucosa. T., Mucous, a connective 
 tissue such as is present in the umbilical cord 
 of the fetus. T., Muscular. See Muscular 
 Tissue. T., Nervous, the intrinsic sub- 
 stance of a nerve or nerve-fiber. T., Os- 
 seous. See Bone. T., White Fibrous, 
 a form of connective tissue consisting of ex- 
 ceedingly fine, inelastic, transparent fila- 
 ments. This tissue forms the greater part 
 of ligaments, tendons, fascia, sheaths of mus- 
 cles, periosteum, etc. T., Yellow Elastic, 
 a very elastic yellowish tissue predominating 
 in the subflavous ligament, vocal bands, 
 inner coats of blood-vessels, and the longitu- 
 dinal coats of the trachea and bronchi. 
 
 Titanium {tit-a' -ne-um) [Tcrav, Titan]. A 
 metal having a certain relationship to iron, 
 chromium, and tin. It is extremely infusible 
 and will scratch glass. Its medicinal prop- 
 erties are little understood. See Elements, 
 Table of Chemic. 
 
 Titer, Titre {te'-ter). [Fr.]. A standard of 
 fineness or strength. 
 
 Titillation {tit-il-a' -shun) [titillare, to tickle]. 
 The act of tickling; the sensation produced 
 by tickling. 
 
 Titration {tit-ra'-shun) [Fr., titre, standard of 
 fineness]. Volumetric analysis by the aid 
 of standard solutions. 
 
 Titubation {tit-u-ba' -shun) [titubare, to stagger]. 
 A staggering gait seen especially in diseases 
 of the cerebellum. 
 
 Tl. Symbol of thallium. 
 
 Tobacco {to-bak'-o) [Sp., tabaco, tobacco]. A 
 plant, Nic.otiana tabacum, of the order 
 SolanacecB, the dried leaves of which {tabaci 
 folia, B. P.) contain a liquid alkaloid, nicotin, 
 C 10 H U N 2 , which is also present in the seeds 
 and root. Nicotin is one of the 'most active 
 poisons known. Tobacco-smoke contains a 
 series of bases, among which are pyridin, 
 picolin, lutidin, parvolin, and others. 
 Tobacco is used as a sedative in nearly all 
 parts of the world, being smoked, chewed, 
 or used as snuff. Its physiologic action is 
 that of a nauseant, antispasmodic, and de- 
 pressant ; it is also a loca 1 irritant. In medicine 
 it has been employed as a relaxant in in- 
 testinal obstruction, being given in the form 
 of an enema, but it is now rarely used except 
 in asthma and locally in hemorrhoids, Unof , 
 
 "•^i 
 
TODD'S ASCENDING PROCESS 979 
 
 TONGUE 
 
 T. -amblyopia, amblyopia produced by the 
 prolonged and excessive use of tobacco. 
 T. -heart, an irritable state of the heart, 
 characterized by irregular action and pal- 
 pitation, produced by excessive indulgence in 
 tobacco. T., Indian. See Lobelia. 
 
 Todd's Ascending Process. See Scarpa's 
 Fascia. T.'s Cirrhosis, hypertrophic cir- 
 rhosis of the liver. 
 
 Toe [AS., td]. A digit of the foot. T. -brace, 
 an appliance for correction of flat-foot and 
 deformed toes. T. -clonus, contraction of 
 the great toe on sudden extension of the first 
 phalanx. T., Flexed, T., Hammer-, a 
 claw-like permanent distortion of a toe in 
 which it is abnormally flexed at the last joint, 
 allowing the tip to rest on the ground while 
 the first joint is raised above the proper 
 level. T. Reflex. See Reflex, Toe. 
 
 Toilet (tot' -let) [OF., toilette, a cloth]. In 
 surgery, the cleansing, washing, and dressing 
 of an operative wound. 
 
 Tokelau Ringworm. See Tinea imbricata. 
 
 Tokodynamometer {tok -o -di-nam-om' -et -er) 
 [zokoc, birth; dynamometer]. An instrument 
 for measuring the force of the expulsive efforts 
 of the uterus in childbirth. 
 
 Tokology {tok-oV -o-je) [tokoc, birth; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of obstetrics. 
 
 Tokomania {to - ko - ma' - ne - ah) [tokoc, birth; 
 [lavca, madness]. Puerperal insanity. 
 
 Tolerance {toV -er-ans) [tolerare, to bear]. The 
 ability of enduring the influence of a drug or 
 poison, particularly when acquired by a con- 
 tinued use of the substance. 
 
 Tollen's Reagent for Glucose. An ammo- 
 niacal silver solution obtained by precipitating 
 silver nitrate solution with caustic potash and 
 adding just enough ammonia to dissolve the 
 precipitate yielded. This solution is reduced 
 by glucose. 
 
 Tolokno {to-lok'-no). A food prepared chiefly 
 from oats. Used in Russia for superalimen- 
 tation in tuberculosis. 
 
 Tolu {to-lu') [Santiago de Tolu, in the United 
 States of Colombia, where it was first ob- 
 tained]. Short for balsam of tolu. T., 
 Balsam of (balsamum tolutanum, U. S. P., 
 B. P.), a balsam obtained from Tolnifera 
 balsamum, an evergreen tree of the order 
 Leguminosce. It is used as a stimulant ex- 
 pectorant. Dose 10-30 gr. (0.65-2.0 Gm.). 
 T., Syrup of {syrupus tolutanus, U. S. P., 
 B. P.). Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc). T., Tincture 
 of (tinctura tolutana, U. S. P., B. P.). 
 Dose 30 min. (2 Cc). 
 
 Toluene {tol'-u-en) [tolu], C 7 H 8 . Methylbeh- 
 zene; a hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar 
 and also produced in the dry distillation of 
 tolu balsam and many resins. 
 
 Toluidin {tol-u'-id-in) [tolu], C 7 H 7 .NH 2 . A 
 homolog of anilin, prepared from toluene. 
 T. Blue, dgH^NgSClZnCl'the double salt 
 of zinc chlorid and dimethyltoluthionin. It 
 occurs as a black powder dissolving in water 
 and alcohol with a fine blue coloration. It 
 acts upon lower organisms as a powerful 
 
 poison and may be employed as is methylene- 
 blue in infectious conjunctivitis, and also as 
 a substitute for fluorescein in fixing the limits 
 of corneal lesion. 
 
 Toluol {tol'-u-ol). Same as Toluene. 
 
 Tolylacetamid {tol-il-as-et-am' -id) , C 6 H 4 (CH 3 )- 
 NH.(C 2 H 3 0). A derivative of coal-tar; used as 
 an antiseptic. Dose 2-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 Gm.). 
 
 Tolylantipyrin. See Toly pyrin. 
 
 Tolypyrin {tol-e-pi'-rin), C 12 H }4 N 2 0. Color- 
 less crystals of an intensely bitter taste, sol- 
 uble in water and alcohol ; used as is antipyrin. 
 T. Salicylate, C l2 H 14 N 2 O.C 7 H 6 3 . Dose, 
 in rheumatism, etc., 15-30 gr. (1-2 Gm.). 
 
 Tolysal {tol'-is-al). Tolypyrin salicylate. 
 
 Tomaselli's Disease. Quinin fever, produced 
 by large doses of quinin; it is attended with 
 hematuria, dysuria, dyspnea, threatened col- 
 lapse. 
 
 Tomentum {to-men' -turn) [L.]. A flock of 
 wool. T. cerebri, the network of small 
 blood-vessels of the pia penetrating the cortex 
 of the brain. 
 
 Tomes' Fibers. Elongate, branched pro- 
 cesses of the odontoblasts of the pulp filling 
 the dentinal tubules of teeth. 
 
 Tomomania {tom-o-ma' -ne-ah) [rofirj, a cutting; 
 fiavta, madness]. An excessive desire to per- 
 form operations. 
 
 Tone {ton) [xbvoc, from reivetv, to stretch]. 
 1. A distinct sound. 2. The normal state 
 of tension of a part or of the body. 
 
 Tonga {tong'-ah). A mixture of various barks, 
 probably of Premna taitensis and Raphidophora 
 vitiensis, brought from the Fiji islands, and 
 used in neuralgia. Dose of a fluidextract 
 i dr. (2 Cc). 
 
 Tongaline {ton' -gal-en). A proprietary prepa- 
 ration said to contain tonga (bark of Premna 
 taitensis), extract of Cimicifuga racemosa, 
 sodium salicylate, pilocarpin salicylate, and 
 colchicin salicylate. It is recommended in 
 gouty diathesis. 
 
 Tongue {tung). The movable muscular organ 
 attached to the floor of the mouth, and con- 
 cerned in tasting, masticating, swallowing, 
 and speaking. It consists of a number of 
 muscles, and is covered by mucous membrane 
 from which project numerous papillas, and 
 in which are placed the terminal organs of 
 taste. T., Black, a condition in which the 
 dorsal surface of the tongue is covered with 
 a black coating. T. -depressor, a spatula 
 for pushing down the tongue during the ex- 
 amination of the mouth and throat. T., 
 Fern -leaf Pattern, a name given to a tongue 
 presenting a well-marked central furrow (mid- 
 rib) with lateral branches. T., Filmy, one 
 with whitish, symmetric patches on both sides. 
 T., Furred, a coated tongue the papillas 
 of which are prominent, giving the mucous 
 membrane the appearance of a whitish fur. 
 T., Geographic, one with localized thickening 
 of the epithelium, giving to the surface the 
 appearance of a geographic chart. T., Hairy, 
 one with a hyperplasia of the papillas, giving 
 rise to hair-like projections. T. ? Strawberry, 
 
TONIC 
 
 980 
 
 TOOTH 
 
 a hyperemic tongue, the fungiform papillas 
 of which are very prominent; it is seen espe- 
 cially in scarlatina. T. -swallowing, a 
 condition in which there is an abnormal 
 mobility of the organ, so that it falls backward, 
 giving rise to danger of suffocation. T.-tie, 
 a congenital shortening of the frenum of the 
 tongue, interfering with its mobility. Syn., 
 Ankyloglossia. T., Wooden, one the seat of 
 actinomycosis. 
 
 Tonic {ton'-ik) [tone], i. Pertaining to tone; 
 producing normal tone or tension. 2. Char- 
 acterized by continuous tension or contraction, 
 as a tonic spasm, tonic convulsion. 3. An 
 agent or drug producing normal tone of an or- 
 gan or part. T., Cardiac, strengthening the 
 heart-muscle. T., Intestinal, one strength- 
 ening the tone of the intestine. T., Nervine, 
 one increasing the tone of the nervous system. 
 T., Stomachic, one increasing the tone of 
 the stomach. T., Vascular, one increasing 
 the tone or tension of the blood-vessels. 
 
 Tonicity {ton-is' -it-e) [tone]. The condition of 
 normal tone or tension of organs ; a state of tone. 
 
 Tonicize {ton'-is-lz) [tone]. To give tone or 
 tension to anything. 
 
 Toninervin {ton-e-ner' -vin) . A water-soluble 
 salt of quinin said to contain 4.5 % of iron. 
 Dose as antipyretic 2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 Cm.) 
 every three hours; as tonic f gr. (0.05 Gm.) 
 twice daily. 
 
 Tonitruphobia {ton-it-ru- fo'-be-ah) [tonitru, 
 thunder; </>6/?of, fear]. Morbid dread of 
 thunder. 
 
 Tonka-bean {tong'-kah-ben). The seed of Dip- 
 teryx odorata, a tree of South America; it con- 
 tains coumarin, and is used as a flavoring agent. 
 
 Tonograph {ton' -o-graf) [tovoc, tension; ypafacv, 
 to write]. A device for recording the tension 
 of the arterial blood-current. 
 
 Tonometer {ton-om' -et-er) [tovoc, tone, tension; 
 fxirpov, a measure]. An instrument to measure 
 tension, as that of the eyeball. T., Gart- 
 ner's, one for estimating blood-pressure. 
 T., Musken's, one for measuring the tonicity 
 of the achilles tendon. 
 
 Tonometry {ton-om' -et-re). The measurement 
 of tonicity. 
 
 Tonoplasts {ton' -o-plasts) [tovoc, tension ; 71X0.0 p.a, 
 a thing molded]. Small intracellular bodies 
 which build up strongly osmotic substances 
 within themselves and in this way swell to 
 small vacuoles. 
 
 Tonoscope {ton'-o-skop) [tovoc, tone; okottzIv, 
 to view]. An instrument for examination of 
 the interior of the cranium by means of sound. 
 
 Tonsil {ton'-sil) [tonsilla]. 1. A small, almond- 
 shaped body, situated on each side of the 
 fauces, between the anterior and posterior 
 pillars of the soft palate. It consists of an 
 aggregation of from 10 to 18 lymph-follicles, 
 and is covered by mucous' membrane, which 
 dips into certain depressions called crypts. 
 2. A small lobe of the cerebellar hemisphere, 
 situated on the inferior mesial aspect. T., 
 Faucial. See Tonsil (1). T., Lingual, 
 an accumulation of lymphadenoid tissue at 
 
 the base of the tongue. T., Pharyngeal, a 
 mass of lymphadenoid tissue in the pharynx, 
 between the eustachian tubes. 
 Tonsillar {ton' -sil-ar) [tonsil]. 1. Pertaining to 
 the tonsil, as the tonsillar artery. 2. Af- 
 fecting the tonsil, as tonsillar abscess. 
 Tonsillitis {ton-sil-i'-tis) [tonsil; ncc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the tonsil. T., 
 Follicular, a form in which the follicles are 
 especially involved and project as whitish 
 points from the surface of the tonsil. T., 
 Herpetic, a form characterized by an eruption 
 of herpetic vesicles, which soon rupture, 
 leaving small, circular ulcers that coalesce 
 and become covered with a fibrinous ex- 
 udation. The disease has an acute onset, 
 a continuous fever, and a critical decline, 
 affects those subject to herpes elsewhere, and 
 tends to recur. T., Lacunar. Same as T., 
 Follicular. T., Mycotic, tonsillitis due to 
 fungi. T., Pustular, a form characterized 
 by the formation of pustules, as in smallpox. 
 T., Suppurative. Synonym of Quinsy. 
 Tonsillolith {tonsil' -o-lith) [tonsil; X'cOoc, a 
 
 stone]. A concretion within the tonsil. 
 Tonsillotomy {ton' -sil-o-tom) [tonsil; Toptrj, a 
 cutting]. An instrument for removing or 
 cutting off the tonsil. 
 
 Tonsillotomy {ton-sil-of -o-me) 
 [see Tonsillotome]. The opera- 
 tion of cutting out the tonsil. T. 
 Rash. See Rash, Amygdalot- 
 omy. 
 Tonsilsector {ton-sil-sek' -tor) . A 
 tonsillotome consisting of a pair 
 of circular scissor-blades mov- 
 ing inside a circular guarding 
 ring. 
 Tonus {to'-nus). See Tone. T., 
 Chemic, the condition of the 
 muscles when at rest and un- 
 dergoing no mechanic exertion. 
 Tooth {tooth) [AS., toth\ One 
 of the small, bone-like organs 
 occupying the alveolar proc- 
 esses of the upper and lower 
 jaws, and serving for tearing 
 and comminuting the food. 
 The teeth begin to appear in 
 the human being about the sev- 
 enth month; by the end of the 
 third year, the eruption of the 
 so-called temporary, deciduous, 
 or milk-teeth, numbering 20, is 
 completed. The permanent 
 teeth begin to replace the de- 
 ciduous teeth about the seventh 
 year. In the adult, the per- 
 manent teeth number 32, or 16 
 in each jaw, and are divided as 
 follows: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 
 bicuspids, and 3 molars in each 
 lateral half of the jaw. Each 
 tooth is composed of a crown, 
 the exposed part, a constricted 
 part, called the neck, and a 
 Tonsillotome part within the alveolus, called 
 
981 
 
 STYLOID PROCESS 
 
 ORIGIN OF 
 STYLOHYOID 
 
 MANDIBLE 
 
 INSERTION OF STYLOHYOID PULLEY OF DIGASTRIC 
 
 Muscles of the Tongue, Viewed from the Right Side. — {Gerrish, after Testut.) 
 
 Under Surface of Tongue and the Sublingual Space, Showing Openings of Salivary Ducts. — {Gerrish, aj„ 
 
 Testut.) 
 
TOOTH'S TYPE 
 
 982 
 
 TOUCH 
 
 the fang or root. In structure a tooth 
 consists of an outer hard substance, the 
 enamel, incasing the crown ; the dentin, within 
 the enamel; and the pulp, a soft, vascular 
 tissue filling the pulp-cavity. The dentin 
 of the root is surrounded by the cement or 
 crusta petrosa. T., Eye-, the upper canine 
 tooth. Teeth, Hutchinson's. See Hutch- 
 inson's Teeth. T., Stomach-, the lower 
 canine tooth. T., Wisdom-, the third mo- 
 lar tooth. 
 
 Tooth's Type of Progressive Muscular At- 
 rophy. See Char cot-Marie's Type. 
 
 Topesthesia {top-es-the'-ze-ah) [totcoc, place; 
 a'codrjotc, sensation]. Local tactile sensibility. 
 
 Tophaceous {to-fa'-shus) [tophus]. Of the na- 
 ture of tophi; sandy, or gritty. 
 
 Tophi {to'-fi). Plural of tophus. 
 
 Tophus {to'-fus) [zd(f)of, stone], i. The hard, 
 stone-like deposits occurring in gout, es- 
 pecially about the knuckles and the car- 
 tilages of the ear, and consisting of sodium 
 urate. 2. The tartar of the teeth. 
 
 Topic, Topical {top'-ik, top'-ik-al) [ronoc, place]. 
 Local. 
 
 Topo- (to-po-) [tokoc, place]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to a locality; localized. 
 
 Topoalgia {top-o-al '-je-ah) [topo-; akyoc, pain]. 
 Localized pain, common in neurasthenia, 
 and often appearing suddenly after emotional 
 disturbances. 
 
 Topographic {top-o-graf'-ik) [see Topography]. 
 Pertaining to a locality. T. Anatomy, the 
 study of the regions occupied by a part, or 
 in which anything occurs. 
 
 Topography {top-og'-ra-je) [topo-; ypa$et.v, to 
 write]. A study of the regions of the body 
 or its parts, as cerebral topography. 
 
 Topology {top-ol'-o-je) [topo-; Xoyoc, science]. 
 Topographic anatomy. 
 
 Toponarcosis {top -o- nar - ko ' - sis) [topo-; 
 vapucoacc, a benumbing]. Local insensibility 
 or anesthesia. 
 
 Toponeurosis (top-o-nu-ro' '-sis) [topo-; neu- 
 rosis]. A local neurosis. 
 
 Torcular herophili {tor'-ku-lar her-o} f -il-i) 
 [L., "the wine-press of Herophilus "]. The 
 expanded extremity of the superior longitu- 
 dinal sinus, placed in a depression on the 
 inner surface of the occipital bone. It re- 
 ceives the blood from the occipital sinus, 
 and from it is derived the lateral sinus of 
 the side to which it is deflected. 
 
 Toril {tor'-il). An extract of meat containing 
 its albuminoids prepared with the addition of 
 savory herbs. 
 
 Tormen {tor' -men). See Tormina. 
 
 Tormina {tor' -min-ah) [plural of tormen, a 
 racking pain]. Griping pains in the bowel. 
 T. ventriculi nervosa. See Hyper peri- 
 stalsis. • 
 
 Torosity {to-ros'-it-e) [torosus, brawny; mus- 
 cular]. Muscular strength. 
 
 Torpent {tor' -pent) [torpor]. 1. Incapable of 
 the active performance of a function. 2. A 
 medicine or agent that reduces or subdues 
 irritative action. 
 
 Torpescence {tor-pes' -ens) [torpor]. Numb- 
 ness; torpidity. 
 
 Torpid {tor'-pid) [torpor]. Affected with torpor. 
 
 Torpidity {tor-pid'-it-e). See Torpor. 
 
 Torpify {tor'-pe-fi). To make numb or torpid; 
 to stupefy. 
 
 Torpitude {tor' -pe-tud\ Torpidity; numbness. 
 
 Torpor {tor'-por) [L.]. Sluggishness; inactivity. 
 T. retinae, dulled perceptive power of the 
 retina. 
 
 Torref action, Torrefication {tor-e-fak' -shun, 
 tor -e-fik-a' -shun) [torrefacere, to dry by heat]. 
 Roasting; drying by means of high heat. 
 
 Torricellean Vacuum {to-re-tsheV -e-an) [Tor- 
 ricelli, an Italian physicist]. The vacuum 
 above the mercury-column of a barometer. 
 
 Torsiometer {tor-se-om' -et-er) [torsion; fihpjv, 
 a measure]. An instrument for measuring 
 ocular torsion. 
 
 Torsion {tor' -shun) [torquere, to twist]. 1. A 
 twisting; also, the rotation of the eye about 
 the visual axis. 2. The tilting of the vertical 
 meridian of the eye. 
 
 Torsoclusion {tor-sok-lu'-zhun) [torsion; oc- 
 clusion]. A form of acupressure in which 
 the point of the pin is pushed through a portion 
 of the tissue parallel with the course of the 
 vessel to be secured, then carried over its 
 anterior surface, and at the same time swept 
 around until brought to a right angle with 
 the artery, when the point is thrust into the 
 soft parts beyond. 
 
 Tort [torquere, to turn]. To tilt the vertical 
 meridian of the eye. Extort, to tilt the ver- 
 tical meridian outward. Intort, to tilt the 
 vertical meridian inward. Intorter, the muscle 
 tilting the vertical meridian of the eye inward. 
 
 Torticollis {tor-te-kol'-is) [tort; collum, neck]. 
 Wry-neck, a contraction of one or more of 
 the cervical muscles, usually of one side, re- 
 sulting in an abnormal position of the head. 
 T., Rheumatic, stiff-neck, a form due to 
 rheumatism of the sternomastoid or other 
 muscle of the neck. T., Spasmodic, spas- 
 modic contraction of the "muscles of the neck 
 of one side, especially the sternomastoid, 
 causing a drawing of the head toward 
 the opposite side. 
 
 Torula {tor'-u-lah) [torulus, a small tuft]. 1. A 
 genus of fungi reproducing by budding, 
 many species of which are alcoholic ferments. 
 
 2. A chain of spheric bacteria. T. cere- 
 visiae. See Saccharomyces cerevisioz. 
 
 Torulose {tor'-u-loz) [torula]. Knobbed. 
 
 Torus {tor' -us) [L.]. 1. A surface having a reg- 
 ular curvature, with two principal meridians 
 of dissimilar curvature at right angles to 
 each other. 2. An elevation or prominence. 
 
 3. The tuber cinereum of the brain. T. fron- 
 talis, a protuberance in the region of the 
 frontal sinuses, at the root of the nose. T. 
 palatinus, a protuberance on the surface of 
 the hard palate, marking the point of junction 
 of the intermaxillary and palatomaxillary su- 
 tures. 
 
 Touch {tuch) [Fr., tou'cher]. 1. The tactile 
 sense. 2. The act of judging by the tactile 
 
TOUR BE MAITRE 
 
 983 
 
 TOXINEMIA 
 
 sense; palpation, especially palpation of a 
 part with the finger, as rectal touch, vagi- 
 nal touch. T. -corpuscle, a tactile cor- 
 puscle. 
 
 Tour de Maitre {toor-d'-matr) [Ft., "the 
 master's turn"]. A method of passing a 
 catheter into the bladder in which it is intro- 
 duced into the urethra with the convexity 
 upward, the shaft lying obliquely across the 
 left thigh of the patient, and as the point 
 enters the bulb, the handle is swept around 
 toward the abdomen, when the beak passes 
 into the membranous urethra, and is carried 
 into the bladder by depressing the shaft be- 
 tween the patient's thighs. A sound may be 
 introduced into the uterus in an analogous 
 manner, by entering the instrument with the 
 convexity upward, and then sweeping the 
 shaft around. 
 
 Tourette's Disease [Gilles de la Tourette, a 
 French physician]. A convulsive form of 
 tic characterized by motor incoordination 
 with echolalia and coprolalia. T.'s Sign, 
 inversion of the ratio existing normally be- 
 tween the earthy phosphates and alkaline 
 phosphates of the urine; it is found in parox- 
 ysms of hysteria. 
 
 Tourniquet {toor-nik-et) [Ft., from tourner, 
 to turn]. An instrument for controlling 
 the circulation by means of compression, 
 usually consisting of two metallic plates 
 united by a thumb-screw, and a strap pro- 
 vided with a pad. The strap is fastened 
 about the part, the pad being made to lie 
 over the artery to be occluded. The screw 
 is placed diametrically opposite the pad, and 
 the strap tightened by separating the metallic 
 plates of the screw. T., Dupuytren's, one 
 for compressing the abdominal aorta, con- 
 sisting of a semicircle of metal with a pad at 
 one extremity. T., Esmarch's, one con- 
 sisting of a stout, elastic rubber band applied 
 above the proximal turn of an elastic bandage 
 passing around the part to be rendered blood- 
 less. T., Field-, one consisting of a strap 
 and buckle with a pad to be placed over the 
 artery. T., Horseshoe, one shaped like a 
 horseshoe, to compress only two points, and 
 thus permit venous return. T., Provisional, 
 one applied loosely, so that it may be tightened 
 at once upon the recurrence of hemorrhage. 
 T., Signorini's. See T., Horseshoe. 
 
 Tow. The coarse part of flax or hemp, used 
 as an absorbent. 
 
 Tox-, Toxico-, Toxo- {toks-, toks-ik-o-, toks-o-) 
 [zo^cnov, poison]. Prefixes signifying poison- 
 ous or caused by a poison. 
 
 Toxalbumin {toks-al-bu'-min) [tox-; albumin]. 
 A poisonous proteid. Toxalbumins have 
 been obtained from cultures of bacteria and 
 from certain plants. See Toxin (2). 
 
 Toxalbumose {toks-al '-bu-moz) . A toxic al- 
 bumose. 
 
 Toxanemia (toks-an-e' '-me-ah) [tox-; anemia]. 
 Anemia produced by poison. 
 
 Toxemia {toks-e' '-me-ah) [tox-; alpta, blood]. 
 Blood-poisoning, a condition in which the 
 
 blood contains poisonous products, either those 
 produced by the body-cells or those due to 
 the growth of microorganisms. 
 
 Toxemic {toks-em'-ik, toks-e'-mik) [see Toxemia]. 
 Pertaining to, affected with, or caused by 
 toxemia. 
 
 Toxenzym {toks' -en-zim) . . A toxic enzym. 
 
 Toxic {toks'-ik) [toxin]. Poisonous; produced 
 by a poison. 
 
 Toxicant {toks' -ik-ant) [toxic]. 1. Poisonous 
 or toxic. 2. A poisonous agent. 
 
 Toxichemitosis {toks -ik-em-it-o' - sis) [toxic; 
 dljia, blood]. Blood-poisoning. 
 
 Toxicity {toks-is' -it-e) [toxic]. The quality of 
 being toxic. 
 
 Toxicodendron {toks - ik -o- den' - dron) . See 
 Rhus. 
 
 Toxicoderma {toks-ik-o-der'-mah) [toxico-; dip/xa, 
 skin]. Disease of the skin due to poison. 
 
 Toxicogenic {toks-ik-o-jen' -ik) [toxico-; jzvvav, 
 to produce]. Producing poisons. 
 
 Toxicohemia {toks-ik-o-he' -me-ah). See Tox- 
 emia. 
 
 Toxicology {toks-ik-ol'-o-je) [toxico-; ~kbjoc, 
 science]. The science of the nature and 
 effects of poisons, their detection, and the 
 treatment of their effects. 
 
 Toxicomania {toks- ik-o- ma' -ne- ah) [toxico-; 
 [xavca, madness]. 1. Morbid desire to con- 
 sume poison. 2. Toxiphobia. 
 
 Toxicomucin {toks-ik-o-mu' -sin) . See Toxo- 
 mucin. 
 
 Toxicopathy {toks-ik-op' -a-ihe) [toxico-; nadog, 
 disease]. Disease of toxic origin. 
 
 Toxicosis {toks-ik-o' -sis) [toxin]. A state of 
 poisoning. 
 
 Toxidermitis {toks-e-der-mi'-tis). See Toxico- 
 derma. 
 
 Toxiferous {toks-if -er-us) [toxin; jerre, to bear]. 
 Producing or conveying poison. 
 
 Toxin [to^ckov, poison]. 1. Any poisonous ni- 
 trogenous compound produced by animal or 
 vegetable cells. 2. Any poisonous substance, 
 proteid in nature, produced by animal or 
 vegetable cells, by immunization with which 
 specific antitoxins may be obtained. Syn., 
 Toxalbumin. T., Animal, one produced by 
 the metabolic activity of animal cells, as 
 snake-venom. T., Bacterial, one produced 
 by the metabolic activity of bacteria, as diph- 
 theria toxin. T., Extracellular, a bacterial 
 toxin elaborated by a microorganism and 
 thrown off into the surrounding medium. The 
 majority of the best known toxins are extra- 
 cellular. T., Intracellular, a bacterial toxin 
 contained in the bodies of the bacteria 
 themselves. T.s, Ponogenic, toxins such as 
 are characteristic of nerve-tissue waste. T.- 
 unit, consists of two parts, a haptophore 
 complex which unites it with the cell receptor 
 (or lateral chain), and the toxophore complex, 
 which is the poisonous element. T., Vege- 
 table. 1. Any toxin produced by vegetable 
 cells. 2. Specifically, one produced by higher 
 plants, as ricin (produced by the ' castor-oil 
 plant), abrin (produced by the jequirity plant). 
 
 Toxinemia {toks-in-e' -me-ah). See Toxemia. 
 
TOXINICIDE 
 
 984 
 
 TRACHEOSTENOSIS 
 
 Toxinicide (toks-in' -is-id) [toxin; ccedere, to kill]. 
 Any substance that destroys a toxin. 
 
 Toxiphobia (toks-e-fo'-be-ah) {toxin; <f>6pog, 
 fear]. Morbid dread of being poisoned. 
 
 Toxiphoric (toks-if-or' -ik) . See Toxijerous. 
 T. Side-chain, applied by Ehrlich to atom 
 groups which combine with the toxin of any 
 particular disease-germ. 
 
 Toxis (toks'-is). See Toxicosis. 
 
 Toxitherapy (toks-e-ther 1 '-ap-e) . The thera- 
 peutic use of antitoxins. 
 
 Toxoid (toks'-oid) [toxin; sldo?, likeness]. A 
 toxin transformation-product destitute of toxic 
 effect. 
 
 Toxomucin (toks-o-mu'-sin) [toxo-; mucus]. 
 A toxic substance obtained from cultures of 
 tubercle bacilli. 
 
 Toxon (toks'-on) [toxin], Ehrlich' s name for 
 any one of several substances which appear 
 in fresh toxins; they neutralize antitoxin 
 and are feebly poisonous. 
 
 Toxonosis (toks-on-o'-sis) [toxo-; voaoc, disease]. 
 An affection resulting from the action of a 
 poison. 
 
 Toxopeptone (toks-o-pep'-ton). A poisonous 
 proteid, resembling peptone in its behavior 
 to heat and reagents, produced in peptone 
 cultures by the comma bacillus. 
 
 Toxophore (toks'-o-for) [toxo-; <f>ips~iv, to bear]. 
 That complex of atoms of a toxin-unit which 
 is the poisonous element of a toxin. 
 
 Toxophylaxin (tox-o-fil-aks'-in). See under 
 Phylaxin. 
 
 Toxosozin (toks-o-so' '-zin) . See under Sozin. 
 
 Toynbee's Corpuscles [Toynbee, an English 
 otologist]. The corneal corpuscles. T^s Ex- 
 periment, rarefaction of the air contained in 
 the tympanic cavity by swallowing while the 
 mouth and nose are closed. T.'s Law. See 
 Gull-Toynbee's Law. T.'s Ligament, the 
 tensor ligament; the fibrous sheath of the 
 tendon of the tensor tympani. 
 
 Trabecula (tra-bek'-u-lah) [L., "a small beam"]. 
 Any one of the fibrous bands extending from 
 the capsule into the interior of an organ. 
 
 Trabs cerebri (trabz ser'-eb-ri) [L.]. The corpus 
 callosum. 
 
 Trace (tras). A mark. T., Primitive. See 
 Primitive Streak. 
 
 Trachea (tra'-ke-ah) [xpa%e~ca, a windpipe]. 
 The windpipe; the cartilaginous and membra- 
 nous tube extending from the lower part 
 of the larynx to its division into the two 
 bronchi. 
 
 Tracheal (tra'-ke-al) [trachea]. Pertaining to 
 or produced in the trachea. T. Tugging, 
 the downward tugging movement of the 
 larynx, sometimes observed in aneurysm of 
 the aortic arch. 
 
 Trachealis Muscle (trak-e-a' -lis) [trachea]. 
 The intrinsic transverse muscle-fibers found 
 in the trachea. 
 
 Tracheitis (tra-ke-i' '-tis) [trachea; tree, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the trachea. 
 
 Trachelalis (trak-el-a' -lis) [xpa%r)\oc, neck]. 
 The trachelomastoid muscle. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Trachelectomopexia (tra - kel -ek-to-mo- peks'- 
 e-ah) [rpaxrj Xoc, neck; iKxoptrj, excision; nf^cg, 
 a fixing]. Partial excision with fixation of the 
 neck of the uterus. 
 
 Trachelectomy (tra-kel-ek'-to-me) [trachelo-; 
 enTOfiT), excision]. Excision of the neck of 
 the uterus. 
 
 Trachelian (tra-ke' '-le-an) [xpa%7)Xof, neck]. 
 Pertaining to the neck, particularly its dorsal 
 part. 
 
 Trachelismus (tra-kel-is'-mus) [xphxrjloc, neck]. 
 Spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the 
 neck. 
 
 Trachelitis (tra-kel-i'-tis) [trachelo-; exec, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the neck of the 
 uterus. 
 
 Trachelo- (trak-el-o-) [xpaxr)Xoc, neck]. A pre- 
 fix denoting pertaining to the neck. 
 
 Trachelobregmatic {tra -kel-o- breg - mat' - ik) 
 [trachelo-; bregma]. Relating to the neck and 
 the bregma. 
 
 Trachelo clavicular (tra-kel- o-kla- vik'-u-lar) . 
 Relating to the neck and the collar-bone. 
 
 Trachelomastoid (trak-el-o -mas' '-toid) [trach- 
 elo-; mastoid]. Pertaining to the neck and 
 the mastoid process. 
 
 Trachelooccipital (tra-kel-o-ok-sip'-it-aV). Re- 
 lating to the nape of the neck and the occiput. 
 
 Trachelopexia (tra-kel-o-peks'-e-ah) [trach- 
 elo-; 7:rj$ec- } a fixing]. Fixation of the neck of 
 the uterus. 
 
 Tracheoplasty (trak' ' -el-o-plas-te) [trachelo-; 
 TiXaoaecv, to mold]. Plastic operation on the 
 neck of the uterus. 
 
 Trachelorrhaphy (trak-el-or'-a-fe) [trachelo-; 
 pa<j>7], suture]. Repair of a laceration of the 
 cervix uteri. 
 
 Trachelotomy (trak-el-ot'-o-me) [trachelo-; xo/nr], 
 a cutting]. Incision into the cervix uteri. 
 
 Tracheo- (tra-ke-o-) [xpax^ia, trachea]. A pre- 
 fix denoting connection with or relation to 
 the trachea. 
 
 Tracheoaerocele (tra-ke-o-a' -er-o-sel) [tracheo-; 
 df)p, air; ktjXt], tumor]. A diverticulum of the 
 trachea. 
 
 Tracheobronchitis {tra-ke-o-brong-ki' -tis) [tra- 
 cheo-; bronchitis]. Inflammation of the tra- 
 chea and bronchi. 
 
 Tracheocele {tra' -ke-o-seV) [tracheo-; ktjXt], tu- 
 mor], i . Protrusion of the mucous membrane 
 of the trachea. 2. Goiter. 
 
 Tracheoesophageal (tra -ke-o -es-of-aj'- e-al) 
 [tracheo-; esophagus]. Pertaining to the tra- 
 chea and the esophagus. 
 
 Tracheolaryngeal (tra -ke-o-lar- in' - je - al) 
 [tracheo-; larynx]. Pertaining to the trachea 
 and the larynx. 
 
 Tracheoplasty (tra'-ke-o-plast-e). Plastic sur- 
 gery of the trachea. 
 
 Tracheoschisis (tra -ke- os' - kis - is) [tracheo-; 
 oxK tlv i to split]. Fissure of the trachea. 
 
 Tracheoscopy (tra -ke-os'-ko- pe) [tracheo-; 
 GKOize'cv, to inspect]. Inspection of the in- 
 terior of the trachea by means of a laryngo- 
 scopic mirror and reflected light. 
 
 Tracheostenosis (tra-ke-o-sten-o'-sis) [tracheo-; 
 stenosis]. Stenosis of the trachea. 
 
TRACHEOTOME 985 TRANSFORATION 
 
 Tracheotome (tra'-lze-o-tom) [tracheo-; xo[ir), close to the septum as high as the eleventh 
 
 a cutting]. A cutting instrument used in dorsal segment, 
 
 tracheotomy. Traction (trak' -shun) [trahere, to draw]. The 
 
 Tracheotomist (tra-ke-ot'-om-ist). One skilled act of drawing or pulling. T. -aneurysm, 
 
 in tracheotomy. an aneurysm due to traction on the aorta by 
 
 Tracheotomize (tra-ke-ot r -om-iz). To per- an incompletely atrophied ductus arteriosus, 
 
 form tracheotomy upon. T., Axis-, traction in the axis or direction of 
 
 Tracheotomy (tra-ke-ot'-o-me) [see Tracheo- a channel, as of the pelvis, through which a 
 
 tome]. The operation of cutting into the body is to be drawn. T., Axis-, Forceps, 
 
 trachea through the cricothyroid membrane, an obstetric forceps for performing axis- 
 
 or through the cricoid cartilage and the upper traction in the delivery of the fetus. T.-di- 
 
 part of the trachea. T., Inferior, one per- verticulum, a circumscribed sacculation of 
 
 formed below the isthmus of the thyroid gland. the esophagus from the traction of adhesions. 
 
 T., Superior, one performed above the isth- T., Elastic, traction by an elastic force, 
 
 mus of the thyroid gland. T.-tube, a metal Tractor (trak'-tor) [traction], i. An instru- 
 
 tube placed in the opening made in tracheot- ment for making traction. 2. See Perkin- 
 
 omy, and through which breathing is carried on. ism. 
 
 Trachielcosis (tra-ke-el-ko' -sis) [tracheo-; eXuoc, Tractoration (trak-tor-a' -shun) [tractor]. Treat- 
 
 an ulcer]. Ulceration of the trachea. ment by metallic tractors. See Perkinism. 
 
 Trachielcus (tra-ke-el r -kus). An ulcer of the Tractus {trak'-tus). See Tract. 
 
 trachea. Tragacanth (trag'-a-kanth) [xpafanavda, "goat- 
 
 Trachitis (tra-ki' -tis) . See Tracheitis. thorn"]. A gummy exudation from various 
 
 Trachoma (tra-ko'-mah) [rpayug, rough]. A species of A stragalus, of the order Leguminosce, 
 
 contagious disease of the eyelids characterized constituting the tragacantha of the U. S. P. 
 
 by small, sago-like elevations on the con- and B. P. It resembles gum-arabic, and 
 
 junctiva, and later by cicatricial contraction is used as a demulcent, and is added to water 
 
 and deformity of the lids. The friction of to suspend insoluble powders and for making 
 
 the elevations (trachoma-granulations) against troches. T., Glycerin of (glycerinum trag- 
 
 the cornea often produces ulcer or pannus. acanthce, B. P.). T., Mucilage of (mucilago 
 
 Syn., Granular conjunctivitis; Granular lids. tragacanthce, U. S. P.). Dose 4 dr. (16 Cc). 
 
 T. deformans, a name given to a form of T., Powder of, Compound (pulvis trag- 
 
 vulvitis at the stage when it results in diffuse acanthce compositus, B. P.). Dose 30 gr.-i dr. 
 
 scar-tissue. T., Turck's. See Turck's Tra- (2-4 Gm.). 
 
 choma. Tragal (tra'-gaT) [tragus]. Pertaining to the 
 
 Trachomatous (tra-ko' -mat -us) [trachoma]. tragus. 
 
 Affected with or pertaining to trachoma. Tragicus (traj'-ik-us). See under Muscle. 
 
 Trachyphonia (trak-if-o'-ne-ah) [zpa%ur, rough; Tragus (tra'-gus) [zpayog, goat]. The small 
 
 ffxovr], voice]. Roughness or hoarseness of prominence of cartilage projecting over the 
 
 the voice. meatus of the external ear. 
 
 Tract [tractus]. 1. A distinct, more or less Trajector (tra-jek' -tor) [L., "a piercer"]. An 
 
 defined region having considerable length. instrument used to determine the approximate 
 
 2. Any one of the columns of white matter location of a bullet in the cranium, 
 
 of the spinal cord. 3. A track or course. Trance (trans) [transire, to pass over]. A form 
 
 T., Alimentary, the alimentary canal, ex- of abnormal sleep from which the patient 
 
 tending from the mouth to the anus. T., ordinarily cannot be aroused, and which is 
 
 Cerebellar, an ascending tract of fibers at dependent upon hysteria (hysteric trance) 
 
 the periphery of the posterior portion of the or hypnotism. 
 
 lateral column of the spinal cord. T., De- Trans- [trans, across]. A prefix denoting 
 
 scending Anterolateral, a few long fibers through or across. 
 
 scattered in the anterior and lateral ground- Transaudient (trans-aw' -de-ent) [trans-; audire, 
 
 bundles of the spinal cord. T., Digestive, to hear]. Allowing the transmission of sound, 
 
 the alimentary tract. T., Direct Cerebellar. Transcortical (trans-kor 1 '-tik-al) [trans-; cortex]. 
 
 See TV, Cerebellar. T., Genitourinary, Across the cortex. 
 
 the genitourinary organs in continuity. T., Transection (trans-ek' -shun) [trans-; section]. 
 
 Intermediolateral, a tract of nerve-fibers A section made across the long axis of a part, 
 
 in the lateral column of the spinal cord, mid- Transfer (trans' -fer) [trans-; ferre, to carry], 
 
 way between the anterior and posterior gray The change of anesthesia or hyperesthesia 
 
 horns. T., Motor, the path for motor im- from one part of the body to another, a phe- 
 
 pulses from the brain to a muscle. T., 01- nomenon present in some cases of hys- 
 
 factory. See Olfactory Tract. T., Optic. teria. 
 
 See Optic Tract. T., Pyramidal, the con- Transference (trans- fer' -ens). 1. See Transfer. 
 
 tinuation in the spinal cord of the ventral 2. See Telepathy. 
 
 pyramids of the oblongata. T., Respiratory, Transfix (trans-fiks') [trans-; figere, to fix], 
 
 the respiratory organs in continuity. T., To pierce through and through. 
 
 Sensory, any tract of fibers conducting sen- Transfixion (trans- fik' -shun) [transfix]. The 
 
 sation to the brain. T., Septomarginal, act of piercing through and through. 
 
 a narrow strip of fibers in the posterior column Transforation (trans-for-a' -shun) [trans-; forare, 
 
TRANSFORMATION 
 
 TRAUBE'S CORPUSCLES 
 
 to pierce]. The act of perforating, as trans- 
 foration of the fetal skull. 
 
 Transformation (trans- for-ma' -shun) [trans-; 
 formare, to form]. A change of form or 
 constitution; degeneration. 
 
 Transfusion (trans-fu' '-zhun) [trans-; fundere, 
 to pour]. The pouring of liquid from one 
 vessel into another; especially the introduction 
 into a vessel of the body of blood or other 
 liquid. T., Arterial, transfusion of blood 
 into an artery. T., Direct, T., Immediate, 
 the transfusion of blood from one person to 
 another without exposure of the blood to the 
 air. T., Indirect, T., Mediate, the intro- 
 duction of blood that was first drawn into a 
 vessel. T., Venous, transfusion into a vein. 
 
 Transic (trans'-ik) [trance]. Relating to a 
 trance. 
 
 Transillumination (trans -il-u- min -a'- shun) 
 [trans-; illumination]. Illumination of the walls 
 of a cavity by a light passed through them. 
 
 Translation (trans-la' -shun) [L., translatus]. 
 A change of location. 
 
 Translucent (trans-lu' -sent) [trans-; lucere, to 
 shine]. Permitting a partial transmission of 
 light; somewhat transparent. 
 
 Transmigration (trans-mi-gra'-shun) [trans-; 
 migrare, to wander]. A wandering across or 
 through; as transmigration of the ovum, 
 transmigration of the white corpuscles. T., 
 External, the passage of an ovum from one 
 ovary to the opposite oviduct without traver- 
 sing the uterus. T., Internal, the passage 
 of the ovum through its proper oviduct into 
 the uterus and across to the opposite oviduct. 
 
 Transmission (trans-mish' -un) [trans-; mittere, 
 to send]. The communication or transfer 
 of anything, especially disease, from one 
 person or place to another. 
 
 Transonance (trans' -o-nans) [trans-; sonare, to 
 sound]. Transmitted resonance; the trans- 
 mission of sound through an organ, as of the 
 cardiac sounds through the lungs and chest- 
 wall. 
 
 Transparent (trans-pa' -rent) [trans-; par ere, to 
 appear]. Having the property of permitting 
 the passage of light-rays without material 
 obstruction, so that objects beyond the body 
 can be seen. 
 
 Transperitoneal (trans-per-it-on-e'-al). Across 
 the peritoneal cavity. 
 
 Transpiration (trans-pir-a' -shun) [trans-; spi- 
 rare, to breathe], i. The act of exhaling fluid 
 or gas through the skin. 2. The material 
 exhaled. 
 
 Transplantation (trans-plan-ta' -shun) [trans-; 
 plantare, to plant]. The operation of trans- 
 planting or of applying to a part of the body 
 tissues taken from another body or from an- 
 other part of the same body. See Graft. 
 
 Transposition (trans-po-zish'-un) [trans-; po- 
 sition]. A change of position. T. of the 
 Viscera, a change in the position of the viscera 
 whereby they are placed on the side opposite 
 to that normally occupied. 
 
 Transthalamic (trans-thai' -am-ik). Across the 
 thalamus. 
 
 Transthoracic (trans - tho - ras ' - ik) [trans-; 
 thorax]. Extending across the thorax. 
 
 Transthoracotomy (trans -tho-rak-ot' '-o -me) 
 [trans-; thorax; zo/xrj, a cutting]. The opera- 
 tion of cutting across the thorax. 
 
 Transudate (trans' -u-dat) [trans-; sudare, to 
 perspire]. A liquid or other substance pro- 
 duced by transudation. 
 
 Transudation (trans-u-da' -shun) [transudate]. 
 1. The passing of fluid through a membrane, 
 especially of blood-serum through the vessel- 
 walls. 2. Transudate. 
 
 Transversalis (trans-ver-sa' -lis) [trans-; vertere, 
 to turn]. Transverse; an artery (transversalis 
 colli) or a muscle (transversalis abdominis) 
 running transversely. See under Artery and 
 under Muscle. T. Fascia, the fascia on the 
 inner surface of the transversalis abdominis 
 between the latter and the peritoneum. 
 
 Transverse (trans-vers') [trans-; vertere, to turn]. 
 Crosswise; at right angles to the longitudinal 
 axis of the body. T. Presentation, a pre- 
 sentation of the fetus at right angles to the 
 longitudinal axis of the uterus. 
 
 Transversectomy (trans-ver-sek'-to-me) [trans- 
 verse; iKTOfir/, excision]. Removal of the 
 transverse process of a vertebra. 
 
 Transversus (trans-ver'-sus) [L.]. Transverse, 
 as transversus muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Trapeziometacarpal (tra-pe-ze-o-met-ah-kar'- 
 pal) [trapezium; metacarpal]. Pertaining to 
 the trapezium and the metacarpus. 
 
 Trapezium (tra-pe'-ze-um) [rpane^a, a table]. 
 1. The multangulum majus, the first bone 
 of the second row of carpal bones. 2. A 
 tract of transverse fibers situated in the lower 
 part of the pons, inclosing the superior olivary 
 nucleus, and connected with the accessory 
 auditory nucleus. 
 
 Trapezius (tra-pe'-ze-us). See under Muscle. 
 
 Trapezoid (trap' -ez-oid) [xpane^a, a table; ddoc, 
 like]. A geometric four-sided figure having 
 two parallel and two diverging sides. T. 
 Bone, or simply trapezoid, the multangulum 
 minus, the second bone of the second row of 
 the carpus. T. Ligament. See Ligament, 
 Trapezoid. 
 
 Trapp's Formula. The product obtained 
 by doubling the last two figures of the specific 
 gravity of the urine roughly indicates the 
 number of grams of solids per 1000 Cc. of 
 urine. 
 
 Traube's Corpuscles. Normal red blood- 
 corpuscles appearing as pale yellowish rings. 
 Syn., Phantom corpuscles. T.'s Curves, 
 large rhythmic undulations seen in a sphygmo- 
 graphic tracing soon after respiration has 
 ceased; they are attributed to stimulation of 
 the vasomotor center in the oblongata. T.'s 
 Dyspnea, dyspnea with slow respiratory 
 movements, marked expansion of the thorax 
 during inspiration, and collapse during ex- 
 piration; it is noted in diabetes mellitus. T.'s 
 Phenomenon, a double sound, systolic and 
 diastolic, heard over peripheral arteries, es- 
 pecially the femoral, in aortic insufficiency, 
 occasionally also in mitral stenosis, lead-poison- 
 
TRAUBE-HERING'S CURVES 987 
 
 TRIANGLE 
 
 ing, etc. T.'s Plugs. See Dittrich's Plugs. 
 T.'s Semilunar Space, the space in which 
 the tympanitic sound- of the stomach can be 
 heard within the thorax under normal con- 
 ditions; it is bounded by the liver, the lower 
 border of the left lung, the spleen, and the 
 arch of the free ribs. 
 
 Traube-Hering's Curves. See Traube's 
 Curves. 
 
 Trauma (traw'-mah) [rpaBfia, a wound]. A 
 wound; an injury. 
 
 Traumatic (traw-maf -ik) [trauma]. Per- 
 taining to or caused by a wound or injury. 
 
 Traumaticin (traiv-maV '-is-in) [trauma]. A 
 solution of guttapercha in chloroform used 
 for closing superficial wounds. 
 
 Traumatism (tra-vo' -mat-izm) [trauma], i". The 
 condition produced by trauma. 2. Improp- 
 erly, trauma. 
 
 Traumatol (trcew'-mat-ot) [trauma]. Iodo- 
 cresol, C 7 H 7 IO, obtained by the action 
 of iodin on cresol. It is an odorless, reddish- 
 violet precipitate containing 54% of iodin, 
 soluble in chloroform and carbon sulfid, 
 insoluble in water, acid, and alcohol. It is 
 a surgical antiseptic, used pure as a dusting- 
 powder and in 5-10% pastes and ointments. 
 
 Traumatology (traw-mat-oV '-o-je) [trauma; 
 Aoyoc, science]. The science of wounds. 
 
 Traumatopnea (traw-mat-op-ne'-ah) [trauma; 
 -vor h breath]. The passage of respiratory 
 air through a wound in the chest-wall. 
 
 Traumatosis (traw-mat-o' -sis) [trauma]. 
 Traumatism. 
 
 Treacle {tre'-kl). The uncrystallized residue 
 remaining after the refining of cane-sugar. 
 
 Treatment (tret'-ment) [tractare, to treat]. The 
 means employed in effecting the cure of 
 disease; the management of disease or of 
 diseased patients. T., Calot's, a method of 
 forcible reduction of angular deformity of 
 the spine. 
 
 Trefusia (tre-fu' -ze-ah) . A red-brown, soluble 
 powder, obtained by drying defibrinated 
 blood. It is used in chlorosis. 
 
 Trehalose (tre-hal'-os), C 12 H 22 O n . A carbo- 
 hydrate resembling sugar, derived from ergot 
 and from trehala manna. 
 
 Tfeitz's Hernia. Retroperitoneal hernia; duo- 
 denojejunal hernia. T.'s Muscle, the sus- 
 pensory muscle of the duodenum; a thin, 
 triangular muscle that arises from the left 
 crus of the diaphragm and the connective 
 tissue surrounding the celiac axis, and is 
 inserted into the duodenojejunal flexure. 
 
 Trematode (trem'-at-od) [-pr^a, hole; slooc, 
 like]. A member of the Trematoda, a class 
 of worms, some of which are parasitic in 
 man and the lower animals. 
 
 Tremograph (trem'-o-graf) [tremor; rpa$r n a 
 writing]. A device for recording tremor. 
 
 Tremolo (trem'-o-lo). An apparatus for per- 
 forming massage; a vibrator. 
 
 Tremor (trem'-or) [tremere, to shake]. A trem- 
 bling of the voluntary muscles. T., Fib- 
 rillary, tremor caused by consecutive 
 contractions of separate muscle-fibrils. T., 
 
 Intention-, one appearing on voluntary 
 movement. T. potatorum, delirium tremens. 
 T., Purring. Synonym of Thrill, Purring. 
 
 Tremulous (trem'-u-lus) [tremor]. Trembling, 
 quivering, as tremulous iris. 
 
 Trendelenburg Posture. See Position, Tren- 
 delenburg^. 
 
 Trepan (tre-pan') [xpu-av, bore]. An old form 
 of the word trephine. 
 
 Trephination (tref-in-a' -shun) . See Trephin- 
 ing. 
 
 Trephine (tre-fin') [Fr., trephine]. 1. An in- 
 strument for cutting out a circular piece of 
 bone, usually from the skull. 2. To operate 
 with the trephine. 
 
 Trephining (tre-fi'-ning) [trephine]. The op- 
 eration of cutting out a piece of bone with a 
 trephine. 
 
 Trepidation ( trep -id -a' -slum) [trepidare, to 
 tremble]. 1. Trembling. 2. A peculiar os- 
 cillatory movement at times seen in the mus- 
 cles after hemiplegia. 
 
 Tretrop's Test for Albumin in Urine. Four 
 or 5 Cc. of fresh urine are heated in a test-tube 
 nearly to boiling-point, and a few drops of 
 40% formalin added after it is removed from 
 the flame. If there is any albumin in the 
 urine, it coagulates like the white of an egg, 
 and accumulates on the surface of the urine 
 and on the walls of the tube. 
 
 Treves' Bloodless Fold. The ileoappendicular 
 fold. A quadrilateral fold of the peritoneum 
 attached by its upper border to the ileum, 
 opposite the mesenteric attachment, and by 
 its lower border to the mesoappendix or to 
 the appendix itself. The outer or right border 
 is attached to the inner aspect of the cecum 
 as far down as the appendix, the left or inner 
 concave margin being free. 
 
 Tri- [t|0£?c, or tres, three]. A prefix denoting 
 three. 
 
 Triacid (tri-as'-id) [tri-; acidum, acid]. Of an 
 alcohol, containing three atoms of hydrogen 
 replaceable by a base. 
 
 Triad (tri' -ad). See under Quantivalence. 
 
 Triakaidekaphobia (tri -a- ki - dek - af-o'-be-ah) 
 [rpcaKawsKa, thirteen; (frbfoc, fear]. Insane 
 fear of the number thirteen. 
 
 Trial -glasses, T. -lenses. A graduated set of 
 concave, convex, cylindric, and prismatic 
 lenses used in testing vision. 
 
 Triallylamin (tri-al-il-am' -in) . A volatile base 
 having the formula (C 3 H 5 ) 3 N. 
 
 Triamin (tri-am r -in) . A compound derived 
 from three molecules of ammonia in which 
 the hydrogen has in part or wholly been re- 
 placed by bases. 
 
 Triangle (tri'-ang-gl) [tri-; anguhts, an angle]. 
 A figure having three sides and three angles. 
 T. of Bryant. See T., Iliofemoral. T., 
 Carotid, Inferior, a triangle located in the 
 neck; it is bounded in front by the median 
 line of the neck, behind by the anterior mar- 
 gin of the sternomastoid, and above by the 
 anterior belly of the omohyoid. Its floor 
 is formed by the longus colli below and 
 the scalenus anticus above. The common 
 
TRIANGLE 
 
 9S8 
 
 TRIANGLE 
 
 carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus 
 nerve, superficialis colli nerve, a branch 
 of the communicans noni, the inferior thy- 
 roid artery, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, 
 the sympathetic nerve, the trachea, thyroid 
 gland, and larynx are the important structures 
 within it. Syn., Triangle of necessity. T., 
 Carotid, Superior, a triangle located in the 
 neck; it is bounded behind by the sternomas- 
 toid, in front by the anterior belly of the 
 omohyoid, and above by the posterior belly 
 of the digastric. Its floor is formed by the 
 thyrohyoid, hyoglossus, and inferior and 
 middle constrictors of the pharynx. The 
 most important structures contained within it 
 are the common carotid artery and its bi- 
 furcation into the external and internal carot- 
 ids, the superior thyroid artery, the lingual 
 artery, the facial artery, the occipital and 
 ascending laryngeal arteries, the internal 
 jugular vein, and the veins corresponding 
 to the arteries mentioned, the descendens 
 noni, hypoglossal, pneumogastric, sympathetic, 
 spinal accessory, superior laryngeal, and 
 external laryngeal nerves. Syn., Triangle 
 of election. T., Cephalic, a triangle on 
 the anteroposterior plane of the skull, bounded 
 by lines joining the occiput with the forehead 
 and with the chin and a line joining the latter 
 two. T., Digastric. See T., Submaxil- 
 lary. T. of Elbow, a triangle lying in front 
 of the elbow with the base directed upward 
 toward the humerus, and bounded externally 
 by the supinator longus and internally by 
 the pronator radii teres. Its floor is formed 
 by the brachialis anticus and supinator brevis. 
 Its contents are the brachial artery and veins, 
 the radial and ulnar arteries, the median and 
 musculospiral nerves, and the tendon of the 
 biceps. T. of Election. See T., Carotid, 
 Superior. T., Fascial, a triangle formed 
 by lines uniting the basion with the alveolar 
 and nasal points and a line joining the latter 
 two. T., Frontal, a triangle bounded by 
 the maximum frontal diameter and lines 
 joining its extremities and the glabella. T. 
 of Hesselbach. See Hesselbach's Triangle. 
 T., Hypoglossohyoid, a triangular space in 
 the lateral subhyoid region, limited above by the 
 hypoglossal nerve, in front by the posterior 
 border of the mylohyoid muscle, behind and 
 below by the tendon of the digastric muscle. 
 The area is occupied by the hyoglossal mus- 
 cle, which covers the lingual artery. T., 
 Iliofemoral, a triangle located at the hip. 
 Its hypothenuse is formed by Nelaton's line, 
 a second side by the continuation outward of 
 a line drawn through the two superior iliac 
 spines, and the third by a line drawn at right 
 angles to this from the summit of the greater 
 trochanter. T., Inferior Occipital, a tri- 
 angle having the bimastoid diameter for its 
 base and the inion for its apex. T., Infra- 
 clavicular, a triangle situated below the 
 clavicle; it is bounded above by the clavicle, 
 below and to the inner side by the upper 
 border of the great pectoral muscle, and to 
 
 the outer side by the anterior border of the 
 deltoid. It contains the axillary artery. 
 T., Inguinal. Same as TV, Scarpa's. T. of 
 Lesser, a triangle located in the neck. Its 
 boundaries are as follows : at its upper border, 
 the hypoglossal nerve; the two sides are 
 formed by the anterior and posterior bellies 
 of the digastric muscle. It is covered by the 
 skin, superficial and deep fascias, and apex 
 of the submaxillary gland. The floor is 
 formed by the hyoglossus muscle. It con- 
 tains the ranine vein and hypoglossal 
 nerve. T., Lumbocostoabdominal, a triangle 
 bounded anteriorly by the external oblique, 
 superiorly by. the lower border of the serratus 
 posticus inferior and the point of the twelfth 
 rib, posteriorly by the outer edge of the erector 
 spinae, and inferiorly by the internal oblique. 
 T., Malgaigne's. See T., Carotid, Superior. 
 T., Mylohyoid, the space bounded by the 
 mylohyoid and the two bellies of the digastric. 
 T. of Necessity. Same as T., Carotid, In- 
 ferior. T. of the Neck, Anterior, a triangle 
 bounded anteriorly by a line extending from 
 the chin to the sternum, posteriorly by the 
 anterior margin of the sternomastoid, the 
 base being formed by the lower border of 
 the body of the inferior maxilla and a con- 
 tinuation of this line to the mastoid process 
 of the temporal bone. It is subdivided into 
 three smaller triangles by the digastric muscle 
 above and the anterior belly of the omohyoid 
 below. These are named from below upward 
 the inferior carotid, the superior carotid, 
 and the submaxillary. T. of the Neck, 
 Posterior, a triangle bounded anteriorly by 
 the sternomastoid muscle, posteriorly by the 
 anterior margin of the trapezius; the base 
 is formed by the upper border of the clavicle; 
 the apex corresponds to the occiput. It is 
 divided by the posterior belly of the omo- 
 hyoid muscle into two triangles, the occipital 
 or upper, and the subclavian or loafer. T., 
 Occipital, a triangle with the following 
 boundaries: anteriorly, the sternomastoid 
 muscle; posteriorly, the trapezius; and below, 
 the omohyoid muscle. Its important contents 
 are the spinal accessory nerve, the ascending 
 and descending branches of the cervical plexus, 
 and the transversalis colli artery and vein. T. 
 of Petit. See Petti' s Triangle. T., Scarpa's, 
 a triangle located in the proximal third 
 of the thigh. The boundaries are, externally, 
 the sartorius muscle; internally, the adductor 
 longus muscle, and above, Poupart's ligament. 
 Its important contents are the femoral artery 
 and vein, the anterior crural nerve, and the 
 crural branch of the genitocrural nerve. T., 
 Subclavian, a triangle bounded above by 
 the posterior belly of the omohyoid muscle, 
 below by the upper border of the clavicle. Its 
 base is formed by the sternomastoid muscle. 
 It contains the subclavian artery and occa- 
 sionally the vein, the brachial plexus of 
 nerves, the suprascapular vessels, the trans- 
 versalis colli artery and vein, and the external 
 jugular vein. T., Submaxillary, a triangle 
 
TRIANGULAR 
 
 989 
 
 TRICHOGLOSSIA 
 
 formed above by the lower border of the 
 body of the inferior maxilla and a con- 
 tinuation of this line to the mastoid process of 
 the temporal bone, below by the posterior 
 belly of the digastric and the stylohyoid 
 muscle, and anteriorly by the middle line of 
 the neck. It contains the submaxillary gland, 
 the facial artery and vein, the submental 
 artery, the mylohyoid artery and nerve, and 
 the stylomaxillary ligament, behind which is 
 the external carotid artery. T., Suboccip- 
 ital, a triangle in the posterior part of the 
 neck, formed by the rectus capitis posticus 
 major and superior and inferior oblique 
 muscles, and containing the vertebral artery. 
 T., Suprameatal. See Mace-wen's Triangle. 
 
 Triangular (tri-ang' -gii-lar) [triangle]. Hav- 
 ing three sides or angles, as the triangular 
 ligament. 
 
 Triangularis (tri-ang-gu-la'-ris). A triangular 
 muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Triatomic (tri-at-om'-ik) [tri-; atom], i. Con- 
 sisting of three atoms. 2. Having three 
 atoms of replaceable hydrogen. 
 
 Tribadism (trib'-ad-izm) [zpc^ecv, to rub]. 
 Sexual intercourse between women produced 
 by friction of the genitals. 
 
 Tribasic (tri-ba'-sik) [tri-; basis, a base]. Hav- 
 ing three hydrogen atoms replaceable by 
 bases. 
 
 Tribromid (tri-brom'-id) [tri-; bromid]. A 
 compound of bromin containing three atoms 
 of bromin to one of the base. 
 
 Tribrommethane (tri - brom - meth' - an) [tri-; 
 bromin; methane]. Bromoform. 
 
 Tribromosalol, Tribromsalol (tri-bro-mo-sa'- 
 lol, tri-brom-sa'-lol), C 6 H 5 .C 7 H 2 Br 3 3 . A 
 crystalline substance used as an intestinal 
 antiseptic and hypnotic. 
 
 Tribromphenol (tri-brom-)e' -nol) [tri-; J3pu)jj.oc, 
 stench; phenol], C 6 H 2 BrOH. A substance 
 produced by the reaction of phenol with 
 bromin. It is antiseptic, especially for the 
 intestinal tract. Dose 1-4 gr. (0.06-0.26 Gm.). 
 
 Tricalcic (tri-kal'-sik) [tri-; calcium]. Con- 
 taining three atoms of calcium. 
 
 Tricaudalis (tri-kaw-da' -lis) [tri-; cauda, a tail]. 
 The retrahens aurem muscle; so called be- 
 cause it is composed of three slips. 
 
 Triceps (tri'-seps) [tri-; caput, head]. Three- 
 headed; a muscle having three heads. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Trich-, Tricho- (trik-, trik-o-) [dpc£, a hair]. A 
 prefix signifying pertaining to a hair. 
 
 Trichangeia (trik-an-je'-ah) [trich-; ayytuov, a 
 vessel]. The capillary blood-vessels. 
 
 Trichangeiectasis (trik-an-je-ek-ta' -sis) [trich- 
 angeia; 'inzaacc, extension]. Dilation of the 
 capillaries. 
 
 Trichauxis (trik-awks'-is) [trich-; auyj}otc, in- 
 crease]. Hypertrichiasis. 
 
 Trichesthesia (trik-es-the' -ze-ah) [trich-; 
 aioQ-T)otc, sensibility]. 1. A peculiar form 
 of tactile sensibility in regions covered with 
 hairs. 2. See Trichoesthesia. 
 
 Trichiasis (trik-i' -as-is) [dpi$, a hair]. A 
 state of abnormal position of the eyelashes, 
 
 so that they produce irritation by friction 
 upon the globe. T. of the Anus, an incur- 
 vation of the hairs about the anus, so that 
 they irritate the mucous membrane. 
 
 Trichina (trik-i'-nah) [dpc$, a hair]. A genus 
 of nematode worms, of which one species, 
 T. spiralis, is parasitic in the hog and at 
 times in man. See Trichinosis. 
 
 Trichiniasis (trik-in-i' -as-is). See Trichinosis. 
 
 Trichinoscope (trik-i' -no- skop). A micro- 
 scope for the detection of Trichina spiralis. 
 
 Trichinosis (trik-in-o'-sis) [trichina]. A dis- 
 ease produced by the ingestion of pork con- 
 taining Trichina spiralis. It is characterized 
 by nausea, vertigo, fever, diarrhea, prostration, 
 stiffness and painful swelling of the muscles, 
 edema of the face, and in some cases perspi- 
 ration, insomnia, and delirium. 
 
 Trichinous (trik' -in-us) [trichina]. Infested 
 with or containing trichinae. 
 
 Trichismus (trik-iz'-mus) [Opc^, a hair]. 1. A 
 scarcely perceptible fracture. 2. A capillary 
 fissure or crack. 
 
 Trichitis (trik-i' -tis) [trich-; exec, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the hair-bulbs. 
 
 Trichloracetic Acid (tri - klor -as-e' - tik) . See 
 A cid, Trichloracetic* 
 
 Trichlorhydrin (tri-klor-hi'-drin), C 3 H 5 C1 3 . A 
 colorless oily liquid with odor of alcohol. 
 
 Trichlorid (tri-klor'-id) [tri-; chlorid]. A com- 
 pound containing chlorin in the proportion 
 of three atoms to one of the base. 
 
 Trichloroquinone (tri-klo-ro-kin'-on), C 6 HC1 3 - 
 2 . A crystalline substance obtained from 
 a sulfuric-acid solution of phenol by action of 
 potassium chlorate with HC1. 
 
 Trichlorphenol (tri-klor-fe'-nol) [tri-; x^ajpoc, 
 green; phenol], C 6 H 2 Cl 3 (OH). A derivative 
 of phenol used as a disinfectant. 
 
 Trichobacteria (trik-o-bak-te'-re-ah). 1. Fla- 
 gellate bacteria. 2. Filamentous bacteria. 
 
 Trichobezoar (trik-o-be'-zo-ar) [tricho-; bezoar]. 
 See Egagropilus. 
 
 Trichocardia (trik-o-kar'-de-ah) [tricho-; mpd'ca, 
 heart]. Inflammation of the pericardium 
 with pseudomembranous elevations. 
 
 Trichocephaliasis (trik -o-sef-al-i' -as - is) 
 [tricho cephalus]. The diseased condition pro- 
 duced by threadworms. 
 
 Trichocephalus (trik-o-sef -al-us) [tricho-; 
 Ke<$aX-q, head]. A genus of nematode worms, 
 the threadworms. T. dispar, a variety parasitic 
 in the intestine, especially the large intestine. 
 
 Trichocirsus (trik-o-sir'-sus) [tricho-; ncpobc, 
 a varix]. Abnormal capillary dilation. 
 
 Trichoclasia (trik-o-kla' -ze-ah) . See Trichor- 
 rhexis nodosa. 
 
 Trichoepithelioma (trik -o- ep-e- the- le -o'-mah) 
 [tricho-; epithelioma]. A skin-tumor origin- 
 ating in the hair-follicles. 
 
 Trichoesthesia (trik-o-es-the' -ze-ah) [tricho-; 
 a'iodeacc, sensibility]. The sensation per- 
 ceived when a hair is touched. 
 
 Trichoglossia (trik-o-glos'-e-ah) [tricho-; yXtuooa, 
 tongue]. Hairy tongue, a thickening of the 
 papillas, producing an appearance as if the 
 tongue were covered with hair, 
 
TRICHOID 
 
 990 
 
 TRIHYDRIC 
 
 Trichoid (trik'-oid) [tricho-; eldog, like]. Re- 
 sembling hair. 
 
 Trichology (trik-ol'-o-je) [tricho-; Xoyoc, science]. 
 The science of the hair. 
 
 Trichomatose (trik-o' -mat-os) [rp'cx^p-a, a 
 growth of hair]. Matted together. 
 
 Trichomatosis {trik-o-mat-o' -sis) [see Tricho- 
 matose]. An affection of the hair charac- 
 terized by a matted condition due to fungoid 
 growths. See Plica polonica. 
 
 Trichomonas (trik-om' '-o-nas) [tricho-; \xovac, a. 
 monad]. A genus of infusorians. T. vagi- 
 nalis, a species occasionally found, in the 
 vagina. 
 
 Trichomycosis (trik - o- mi - ko ' - sis) [tricho-; 
 mycosis]. A disease of the hair produced by 
 a vegetable parasite. 
 
 Trichonosis, Trichonosus (trik-on-o'-sis, -sus). 
 See Trichopathy. 
 
 Trichopathy (trik-o p'-ath-e) [tricho-; nadog, 
 disease]. Any disease of -the hair. 
 
 Trichophagy, Trichophagia (trik-o f'-aj-e, trik- 
 o-fa'-je-ah). The eating of hair. 
 
 Trichophytic (trik-o f -it' -ik). i. Relating to 
 the genus Trichophyton. 2. [cf)6ecv, to grow.] 
 Promoting the growth of hair. 3. An agent 
 promoting the growth of hair. 
 
 Trichophyton (tri-kof -it-on) [tricho-; <f>ox6v, a 
 plant]. A fungus parasitic upon the hair, and 
 causing tinea trichophytina, or ring- worm. 
 
 Trichorrhexis (trik-or-eks'-is) [tricho-; prj^cg, a 
 breaking]. Brittleness of the hair. T. no- 
 dosa, an atrophic condition of the hair, 
 affecting more often the male beard, and 
 characterized by irregular thickenings re- 
 sembling nodes on the hair-shaft, the hairs 
 often breaking with a "green-stick fracture" 
 immediately through a node. 
 
 Trichosis (trik-o' -sis) . See Trichonosis. 
 
 Trichotillomania (trik -o-til-o- ma' -ne- ah) 
 [tricho-; x'cXXecv, to pluck out; p.avla, madness]. 
 An uncontrollable impulse to pull out one's 
 hair. 
 
 Trichotoxicon (trik - o- toks ' - i - kon) [tricho-; 
 to^ckov, a poison]. A supposed toxin, existing 
 in respired air, which, when introduced into 
 the blood, exerts a poisonous action upon the 
 hair, thus causing alopecia. 
 
 Trichotoxin (trik-o-toks' -in) . A cytotoxin ob- 
 tained by E. Metchnikoff from the capillary 
 epithelia. 
 
 Trichroic (tri-kro' -ik) [trichroism]. Possessing 
 trichroism. 
 
 Trichroism (tri' -kro-izm) [tri-;' xpba, color]. 
 The property of exhibiting three different 
 colors when viewed under three different 
 aspects. 
 
 Trichromat (tri - kro' - mat) [rpelg, three; 
 Xpaj/ia, color]. Persons for whom the end 
 regions of the spectrum are of constant hue 
 and differ only in intensity. Just inside of each 
 end region there is an intermediate region in 
 which any color can be produced by mixtures 
 of the end color with the color of the inter- 
 mediate region. Between these intermediate 
 regions lies the middle region, which requires 
 the presence of some third color in addition 
 
 to colors from the end regions. Most all 
 women and about 96 % of men belong to this 
 class. Cf. Dichromat; Monochromat. 
 
 Tricipital (tri-sip' -it-al) [triceps, three-headed]. 
 1. Three-headed. 2. Pertaining to the tri- 
 ceps. 
 
 Tricornis (tri-kor' -nis) [tri-; cornu, horn]. 
 Having three horns. 
 
 Tricresol (tri-kre'-sol). A refined mixture of 
 metacresol, 40%; paracresol, 33%; ortho- 
 cresol, 27%; soluble in 40 parts of water. 
 It has three times the germicidal value of 
 phenol. 
 
 Tricresolamin (tri-kres-ol-am'-in). A solution 
 containing 2 % each of ethylenediamin and 
 tricresol; it is a clear, colorless, alkaline liquid 
 turning yellow on exposure. It is stronger and 
 less irritating than tricresol. 
 
 Tricrotic (tri-krot'-ik) [tri-; npozog, stroke]. 
 Having three waves corresponding to one 
 pulse-beat. 
 
 Tricrotism (tri' -krot-izm) [see Tricrotic], The 
 quality of being tricrotic. 
 
 Tricuspid (tri-kus' -pid) [tri-; cuspis, a point]. 
 1. Having three cusps, as the tricuspid 
 valve. 2. Affecting or produced' at the tri- 
 cuspid valve. 
 
 Triethylamin (tri-eth-il-am'-in) [tri-; ethyl; 
 amin], C 6 H 15 N. A ptomain obtained from 
 putrid haddock. See Ptomains, Table of. 
 
 Trifacial Nerve (tri-fa'-shal) [tri-; fades, face]. 
 The fifth cranial nerve, so called because it 
 divides into three main branches that supply 
 the face. 
 
 Trif errin (tri-fer'-in) . See Iron Paranucleinate. 
 
 Trifolium (tri-fo' -le-um) [tri-; folium, leaf]. 
 Clover. 
 
 Triformal (tri-form' -al) . See Formalin. 
 
 Trigemin (tri-jem'-in). A substance obtained 
 from pyramidon by action of butyl-chloral 
 hydrate, forming white needles soluble in 
 water; antineuralgic. Dose 8-20 gr. (0.5-1.3 
 Gm.). 
 
 Trigeminal (tri-jem 1 '-in-al) [tri-; geminus, twin- 
 born]. 1. Triple; dividing into three parts, 
 as the trigeminal nerve. 2. Pertaining to the 
 trigeminal nerve. See Trifacial. 
 
 Trigeminus (tri-jem' -in-us) [see Trigeminal]. 
 The trifacial nerve. 
 
 Trigger-finger. A condition in which flexion 
 or extension of a finger is at first impeded, 
 but finally accomplished with a jerk. 
 
 Trigone, Trigonum (tri'-gon, tri-go'-num) [tri-; 
 fcovia, angle]. Triangle. T. of the Bladder, a 
 smooth triangular space on the inside of the 
 bladder, immediately behind the orifice of the 
 urethra. Trigonum lumbale. See Petit's 
 Triangle. T., Olfactory, the gray root of 
 origin of the olfactory tract. Trigonum 3 
 vesicae. See T. of the Bladder. 
 
 Trihydrate (tri-hi'-drat) [tri-; hydrate]. A } 
 compound containing the hydroxyl-radicle 
 in the proportion of three to one atom of the 
 base. 
 
 Trihydric (tri-hi'-drik) [tri-; hydric]. Con- , 
 taining three atoms of hydrogen replaceable 
 by bases, 
 
TRIHYDROXID 
 
 991 
 
 TRITICEOGLOSSUS 
 
 Trihydroxid (tri-hi-droks' -id). See Trihydrate. 
 
 Triiodid (tri-i'-o-did) [tri-; iodid]. A compound 
 containing iodin in the proportion of three 
 atoms to one of the base. 
 
 Triiodocresol (tri-i-o-do-kre' -sol) . See Losophan. 
 
 Trikresol (tri-kre'-sol). See Tricresol. 
 
 Trilabe (tri'-lab) [tri-; Xafx^avecv, to grasp]. A 
 three-pronged instrument for withdrawing 
 small calculi through the urethral passage. 
 
 Trilateral (tri-lat'-er-al) [tri-; latus, a side]. 
 Having three sides. 
 
 Trimethylamin (tri - meth - il - am' - in) [tri-; 
 methyl; amin], A colorless liquid ptomain 
 obtained from herring-brine and various 
 animal and vegetable substances. See Pto- 
 mains, Table of. 
 
 Trimethylenediamin (tri-meth-il-en-di-am' -in) 
 [tri-; methylene; diamin]. A ptomain ob- 
 tained from cultures of the comma bacillus 
 on beef-broth. It causes convulsions and 
 muscle-tremor. See Ptomains, Table of. 
 
 Trimethylxanthin (tri-meth-il-zan' -thin). See 
 Casein. 
 
 Trineuric (tri-nu'-rik) [tri-; veupov, nerve]. 
 Applied to a nerve-cell provided with three 
 neuraxons. 
 
 Trinitrate (tri-ni' -trat) [tri-; nitrate]. A ni- 
 trate containing three nitric-acid radicles. 
 
 Trinitrin (tri-ni' -trin). See Nitroglycerin. 
 
 Trinitrocellulose (tri-ni-tro-seV -u-los) . See Py- 
 roxylin. 
 
 Trinitrocresol (tri-ni-tro-kre'-sol), C 7 H 5 N 3 7 . 
 Antiseptic crystals, obtained from nitration of 
 coal-tar cresol; antiseptic. 
 
 Trinitrophenol (tri-ni-tro-fe' -nol) . Picric acid. 
 
 Trinophenon (tri-no-fe'-non). A remedy for 
 burns said to be an aqueous solution of picric 
 acid. 
 
 Triocephalus (tri-o-sef '-al-us) [tri-; KefaXr), 
 head]. A monster characterized by an absence 
 of the ocular, nasal, and buccal apparatus, 
 the head being merely a small spheroid mass. 
 
 Triolein (tri-o'-le-in). See Olein. 
 
 Trional [tri' -on -at) [rpelc, three], C 2 H 5 - 
 CH 3 — C— (S0 2 C 2 H 5 ) 2 . Diethylsulfonemethyl- 
 methane, a hypnotic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm.). 
 
 Triorchid (tri-or' -kid) [tri-; bpx^C, a testicle]. 
 1. Having three testicles. 2. An individual 
 having three testicles. 
 
 Trioxid (tri-oks' -id) [tri-; oxid]. A compound 
 containing oxygen in the proportion of three 
 atoms to one of the base. 
 
 Tripalmitin (tri-pal'-mit-in). See Palmitin. 
 
 Tripara (trip' -ar-ah) [tri-; parere, to bear]. 
 A woman who has borne three children. 
 
 Triphasic (tri- fa' 'sik) . Having three phases 
 or variations. 
 
 Triphenamin (tri-fen'-am-in). A mixture of 
 phenocoll, phenocoll salicylate, and phenocoll 
 acetate; recommended in rheumatic com- 
 plaints. 
 
 Triphenetolguanidin Hydrochlorate (tri-fen- 
 et-ol-gwan' -id-in) . A local anesthetic in 0.1 % 
 solution in treatment of eyes. 
 
 Triphenin (tri- fen' -in). Propionyl-phenetidin, 
 C 6 H 4 OC 2 H 5 NHC 2 H 5 CO, obtained by boiling 
 paraphenetidin with propionic acid. It is 
 
 used as an antipyretic and sedative. Daily 
 dose 46 gr. (3 Gm.); single dose 8-15 gr. 
 (0.5-1.0 Gm.). Syn., M ethyl phenacetin. 
 
 Triphenyl Albumin (tri-fen'-il). A culture- 
 medium made by heating dry egg-albumen 
 with phenol. It is odorless, tasteless, insoluble 
 in water, alcohol, and potassa solution, but 
 soluble in phenol. 
 
 Tripier's Amputation. One differing from 
 Chopart's only in that the portion of the os 
 calcis below the sustentaculum tali is removed. 
 
 Triple (trip -I) [L., triplus]. Threefold. T. 
 Phosphate, ammoniomagnesium phosphate, 
 a phosphate occurring in urine and in phos- 
 phatic calculi. 
 
 Triplet (trip -let) [triple]. 1. One of three chil- 
 dren born at one birth. 2. In optics, a sys- 
 tem consisting of three lenses. 
 
 Triplex (trip'-leks) [L.]. Triple. T. Pills, 
 pilulce triplices, pills containing three prin- 
 cipal ingredients. 
 
 Triploblastic (trip-lo-blas'-tik) [triple; /?Aaar6c, 
 a germ]. Possessing three blastodermic mem- 
 branes. 
 
 Triplopia (trip-W -pe-ah) [triple; axp, eye]. A 
 disturbance of vision in which three images 
 of a single object are seen. 
 
 Triquetrous (tri-kwef -rus) [triquetrum]. Three- 
 cornered, as the triquetrous bone (os tri- 
 quetrum), a wormian bone. See Triquetrum. 
 
 Triquetrum (tri-kwef -rum) [triquetrus, three- 
 cornered]. 1. Any one of the wormian bones. 
 2. The cuneiform bone of the carpus. 
 
 Triradial, Triradiate (tri-ra' -de-al, tri-ra' -de-dt) 
 [see Triradius]. Radiating in three directions. 
 
 Triradius (tri-ra' -de-us) [tres, three; radius, ray; 
 pi., triradii]. In the impression of the palmar 
 surface in the Galton system a triangular area 
 composed of transverse ridges at the base 
 of each of the four fingers; used in the class- 
 ification of palmar impressions. 
 
 Trismoid (triz'-moid) [trismus]. A form of 
 trismus neonatorum thought to be due to 
 pressure on the occipital bone during labor. 
 
 Trismus (triz'-mus) [xptap.bc, from rpc^ecv, to 
 gnash]. Lockjaw, a tonic spasm of the 
 muscles of mastication. ■ T. nascentium, 
 T. neonatorum, a form of trismus occurring 
 in newborn infants, and supposed to be due 
 to septic infection of the umbilical stump. 
 
 Trisplanchnic (tri-splangk'-nik) [tri-; oTzXajxvov, 
 viscus]. Distributed to the viscera of the 
 three largest cavities of the body, as the tri- 
 splanchnic nerve (the sympathetic nerve). 
 
 Tristearin (tri-ste' -ar-in) [tri-; oxkap, fat], C 3 H 5 - 
 (C 18 H 35 2 )3. See Stearin. 
 
 Trisubstituted (tri-sub' ' -sti-tu-ted) [tri-; substi- 
 tuere, to substitute]. Having three atoms or 
 radicles substituted by other atoms or rad- 
 icles. 
 
 Trisulfid (tri-sul'-fid) [tri-; sulfur]. A com- 
 pound containing sulfur in the proportion of 
 three atoms to one of the base. 
 
 Triticeoglossus (trit-is-e-o-glos'-us) [triticum; 
 ■fkcbooa, tongue]. An anomalous muscle 
 having its origin from the arytenoid cartilage 
 and its insertion in the side of the tongue, 
 
TRITICEOUS 
 
 992 
 
 TROPEINISM 
 
 Triticeous {trit-ish' -us) [triticum]. Having the 
 shape of a grain of wheat. T. Nodule, 
 corpus triticeum, a small cartilaginous nodule 
 in the thyrohyoid ligament. 
 
 Triticum (trif -ik-um) [L.]. A genus of the 
 Gramineoe. T. sativum (T. vulgare) is 
 wheat. Triticum is official in the U. S. P. in the 
 form of the rhizome of Agropyron repens, and 
 is used in cystitis and irritable bladder. T., 
 Fluidextract of {jiuidextr actum tritici, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 3-6 dr. (12-24 Cc). 
 
 Tritipalm {trif -e-pahm) . A proprietary gen- 
 itourinary tonic said to consist of the fluid- 
 extract of saw palmetto, Serenoa serrulata, and 
 couch-grass, Agropyron repens. 
 
 Tritol {tri'-tol). Any emulsion of oil, 4 parts, 
 and diastasic extract of malt, 1 part. 
 
 Tritopin (tri'-to-pin), C 42 H 54 N 2 6 7 . An alkaloid 
 from opium. 
 
 Tritorium, Triturium {tri-to'-re-um, tri-tu'- 
 re-um) [tritus, a rubbing]. A vessel used in 
 separating liquids of different density. 
 
 Tritotoxin {tri-to-toks' -in) [xp'cxoc, third; xo^ckov, 
 poison]. One of the third group into which 
 Ehrlich classifies toxins, according to the 
 avidity with which they combine with anti- 
 toxins, tritotoxin combining least readily. 
 
 Tritoxid {tri-toks' -id) [xpcxoc, third; d^uc, acid]. 
 Same as Trioxid. 
 
 Triturate {tritf -u-rat) [triturare, from terere, to 
 rub]. 1. To reduce to a fine powder. 2. A 
 finely divided powder. In the U. S. P. a 
 medicinal substance rubbed up with milk- 
 sugar. T., Tablet-, a triturate compressed 
 into tablet form. 
 
 Trituration {trit-u-ra' -shun) [triturate]. The 
 process of reducing a solid substance to a 
 powder by rubbing. 
 
 Trivalent {triv' -al-ent) [tri-; valere, to be worth]. 
 Combining with or equivalent to three atoms 
 of hydrogen. 
 
 Trivalve {tri'-valv) [tri-; valva, door]. Having 
 three valves. 
 
 Trocar {tro'-kar) [Ft., trois-quarts, from its 
 triangular point]. An instrument for piercing 
 the wall of a cavity in paracentesis. 
 
 Trochanter {tro-kan' -ter) [xpoxavxi}p, from 
 Tpo%6c, a wheel or pulley]. One of two pro- 
 cesses on the upper extremity of the femur 
 below the neck. The greater trochanter is 
 situated on the outer, and the lesser trochanter 
 on the inner, side of the bone. 
 
 Trochanteric {tro-kan-ter'-ik) [trochanter]. Per- 
 taining to a trochanter. 
 
 Trochantin {tro-kan' -tin) [trochanter]. The 
 lesser trochanter. 
 
 Troche {tro'-ke) [rpoxoc, a wheel]. A lozenge. 
 T.s, Tannic Acid {trochisci acidi tannici 
 U. S. P), each contains 1 gr. (0.06 Gm.) of 
 tannic acid. 
 
 Trochin, Trochinus {tro'-kin, trok'-in-us) 
 [Tpo^oc, a wheel]. The lesser tuberosity of 
 trie head of the humerus. 
 
 Trochiscus {tro-kis'-kus). See Troche. 
 
 Trochlea {trok'-le-ah) [xpoxd'ca, pulley]. A part 
 having the nature of a pulley. T. of the 
 Humerus, a surface acting as a pulley 
 
 at the lower extremity of the humerus. T. 
 of the Orbit, T. of the Superior Oblique, 
 
 the ligamentous ring or pulley attached to 
 the upper margin of the orbit, which trans- 
 mits the tendon of the superior oblique muscle 
 of the eye. 
 Trochlear {trok'-le-ar) [see Trochlea]. 1. Per- 
 taining to or of the nature of a pulley. 2. Per- 
 taining to the trochlear muscle. 3. Pertaining 
 to the trochlear nerve. 
 Trochlearis {trok-le-a'-ris) [see Trochlea]. Pul- 
 ley-shaped, as the trochlearis muscle or 
 simply trochlearis, the superior oblique mus- 
 cle of the eye. 
 Trochoides {tro-koi 1 '-dez) [rpoxoc, a wheel]. 
 A pivot-joint or pulley-joint, such as the 
 atloaxoid joint. 
 (von) Troeltsch's Corpuscles. Spindle-shaped 
 connective-tissue corpuscles, stellate on trans- 
 verse section, found between the middle 
 fibrous and inner circular layers of the mem- 
 brana tympani. v. T.'s Spaces, two small 
 pockets formed in the upper part of the attic 
 of the middle ear by folds of mucous mem- 
 brane. 
 Troisier's Ganglion, T.'s Sign. Enlarge- 
 ment of the left supraclavicular lymph-glands, 
 an indication of malignant disease of the 
 intraabdominal region. 
 Trolard's Vein. The anastomotic vein that 
 extends from the superior longitudinal sinus 
 to the superior petrosal or the cavernous sinus. 
 Trommer's Test for Glucose. To the liquid 
 rendered alkaline by caustic soda a fairly 
 strong solution of cupric sulfate is added 
 drop by drop until a little of the copper 
 hydrate formed remains undissolved on shak- 
 ing. On warming in the presence of glucose, 
 a yellow reduction of hydrated suboxid of 
 copper is first formed, and then red suboxid 
 separates, even below the boiling-point. If not 
 enough copper salt has been used, the re- 
 action will be yellowish -brown in color; but 
 if the copper salt is in excess, the excess of 
 hydrate is changed by boiling into a dark- 
 brown hydrate, which interferes with the test. 
 Tropacocain {tro-pa-ko' -ka-in) [atropin; cocain]. 
 An alkaloid obtained from a small-leaved 
 coca-plant of Java. T . Hydrochlorid, C 8 H 14 - 
 NO.C 6 H 5 CO.HCl, in 2 to 3 % solutions, is 
 preferred to cocain hydrochlorid as a local 
 anesthetic, as being less toxic and more 
 reliable. 
 Tropaeolin. See Tropeolin. 
 Tropein {tro'-pe-in). A salt of tropin and an 
 
 organic acid. 
 Tropeinism {tro'-pe-in-izm). Poisoning by any 
 of the tropeins or by plants {Solanacece) con- 
 taining tropeins. It is characterized in light 
 cases by dryness of the mouth, dysphagia, 
 and acceleration of the pulse; in severer cases 
 by dilation of the pupils, ataxia, clonic spasms, 
 psychic disturbances with excessive excite- 
 ment; the severest cases are marked by loss 
 of consciousness, anesthesia, paralysis of the 
 sphincters, and cardiac and respiratory par- 
 alysis. 
 
TROPEOLIN 
 
 993 
 
 TRYPSIN 
 
 Tropeolin {tro-pe r -o-lin) . One of a group of 
 orange anilin dyes, so called from the resem- 
 blance of their colors to those of the flowers of 
 Tropceolum, the garden nasturtium. Its 
 solutions are turned brown by free acids, and 
 are used as a test for such acids. 
 
 Tropesis {tro-pe' -sis) [zpoviTj, a turn]. Incli- 
 nation. 
 
 Trophesy {tr.of'-es-e) [rpo<j)-q, nourishment]. 
 Same as Trophoneurosis. 
 
 Trophic (trof'-ik) [tpoc^rj, nourishment]. Per- 
 taining to nutrition. T. Center, a collection 
 of ganglion-cells regulating the nutrition of a 
 nerve and through it that of the part supplied. 
 
 Tropho- (trof-o-) [rpofirj, nourishment]. A prefix 
 denoting relation to nutrition or to nourish- 
 ment. 
 
 Trophoedema (trof-o-e-de f -mah) [tropho-; 
 edema]. A condition marked by localized 
 permanent edemas. T., Chronic, a con- 
 dition, frequently hereditary, marked by 
 hard, white, painless swellings on the legs, 
 lasting through life without material injury 
 to health. 
 
 Trophology {trof-ol' '-o-je)[tropho-; Xbyog, science]. 
 The science of nutrition. 
 
 Trophoneurosis (trof-o-nu-ro' '-sis) [tropho-; neu- 
 rosis]. Any disease of a part due to disturb- 
 ance of the nerves or nerve-centers with 
 which it is connected. 
 
 Trophoneurotic (trof-o-nu-rot'-ik) [trophoneu- 
 rosis]. Pertaining to or caused by a tropho- 
 neurosis. 
 
 Trophonine {troj'-on-en). A proprietary food 
 said to consist of beef, nucleoalbumin, gluten 
 of wheat, and enzyms of the digestive gland. 
 
 Trophopathy (trof-op r -ath-e) [tropho-; nadog, 
 disease]. A disorder of nutrition. 
 
 Trophoplasm (trof'-o-plazm) [tropho-; nXaooecv, 
 to mold]. The vital substance of the cell; 
 the formative plasm. 
 
 Trophoplast {trof -o-plast) [see Trophoplasm]. 
 A mass of formative plasm. 
 
 Trophotonos {trof-ot'-on-os) [tropho-; rbvoc, 
 tension]. Rigidity of contractile tissue due 
 to trophic disturbances. 
 
 Tropho tropism {trof -of -ro- pizm) [tropho-; 
 rpexscv, to turn]. The attraction and re- 
 pulsion exhibited by certain organic cells 
 to various nutritive solutions. 
 
 Tropic Acid {trop'-ik) [atropin], C 9 H 10 O 3 . An 
 acid produced by treating atropin with 
 baryta-water, alkalis, or acids. 
 
 Tropidin {trop'-id-in) [atropin], C 8 H 13 N. A 
 substance resulting from the decomposition 
 of atropin in the presence of hydrochloric 
 and glacial acetic acids; it is an oily fluid 
 having an odor like that of conin. 
 
 Tropin [trop'-in) [atropin], C 8 H l5 NO. A crys- 
 talline base obtained in the decomposition 
 of atropin. 
 
 Tropism {tro'-pizm) [rpoKT}, a turn]. The 
 striving.of living cells after light and darkness, 
 heat or cold, etc. 
 
 Tropococain. See Tropacocain. 
 
 Tropometer {trop-om'-et-er) [rpoTfr], turn; ptkrpov, 
 a measure], i. An instrument for measuring 
 64 
 
 the various rotations of the eyeball. 2. An 
 apparatus for estimating the amount of torsion 
 in long bones. 
 Tropon {tro'-pon) [rpocf>rj, nourishment]. An 
 albuminous substance obtained from animal 
 and vegetable sources, containing 90% of 
 albumin. It is a light brown, nonhygro- 
 scopic powder, intended as a nutrient for 
 convalescents. One teaspoonful to one table- 
 spoonful is given with each meal in cocoa, 
 soup, etc. 
 Trousseau's Disease. Stomachal vertigo. T.'s 
 Marks, "taches cerebrales," circumscribed 
 spots produced by mechanic irritation in 
 tuberculous meningitis and other diseases 
 seriously affecting the nutrition of the nervous 
 system. T.'s Points apophysaires, points 
 sensitive to pressure over the dorsal and lumbar 
 vertebras in intercostal and lumboabdominal 
 neuralgias. See Valleix' 's Points douloureux. 
 T.'s Roseola, rubeola; rotheln. T.'s Symp- 
 tom, the production of paroxysms of tetany 
 by pressure upon the principal nerve-trunks 
 or blood-vessels of the parts affected; it is 
 observed in tetany. T.'s Test for Bile -pig- 
 ments. See Smith's Reaction. 
 Troy Ounce. A unit in troy weight, equal to 
 480 grains. T. Weight. See Weights and 
 Measures. 
 True. Real; not false. T. Aneurysm. See 
 Aneurysm, True. T. Corpus luteum, the cor- 
 pus luteum of pregnancy. T. Pelvis, that part 
 of the pelvic cavity situated below the ilio- 
 pectineal line. T. Rib. See Rib, True. T. 
 Skin, the corium. T. Vocal Bands, the 
 inferior bands, or those concerned in the 
 production of the voice. 
 Truncal (trung'-kal) [trunk]. Pertaining to 
 
 a trunk. 
 Truncated (trung'-ka-ted) [trunk]. Deprived 
 
 of limbs or accessory parts. 
 Trunecek's Method. See under Serum, 
 
 Trunecek's. 
 Trunk [truncus, a trunk]. 1. The body except 
 the head and limbs. 2. The main stem of 
 a nerve or artery. 
 Truss (trus) [Ft., trousse]. An apparatus for 
 maintaining a hernia in place after reduction. 
 Trypanosoma itri--pan-o-so' -mah) [xpbnavov, a 
 borer; ad)p.a, body]. A genus of Hematozoa. 
 T. brucei, the cause of tsetse-fly disease. 
 T. evansi, the cause of the infectious disease 
 called surra, a grave pernicious anemia 
 occurring among horses, camels, etc., in trop- 
 ical countries. 
 Trypanosme itri'-pan-o-som). One of any 
 
 species of Trypanosoma. 
 Trypanosomiasis {tri-pan-o-so-mi' -a-sis) [Try- 
 panosoma]. Any of the several diseases due 
 to infection with the various species of Try- 
 panosoma. 
 Trypesis {trip-e' -sis) [xp'j-av, to bore]. The 
 
 operation of trephining. 
 Trypsase (trip'-saz). See Trypsin. 
 Trypsin {trip 1 '-sin) [rpc(p(c, a rubbing]. The 
 proteolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, 
 which in an alkaline medium converts pro- 
 
TRYPSINOGEN 
 
 994 
 
 TUBERCULIN 
 
 teids into peptones. It has lately been ad- 
 vocated for curative use in cancer. 
 
 Trypsinogen (trip-sin' -o-jen) [trypsin; yswav, 
 to produce]. The zymogen from which trypsin 
 is formed. 
 
 Tryptic (trip'-tik) [trypsin]. Pertaining to or 
 caused by trypsin. 
 
 Tryptolytic (trip-tol-it'-ik) [trypsin; Xuscv, to 
 loose]. Of or pertaining to the peculiar 
 cleavage properties of trypsin. 
 
 Tryptone (trip'-ton) [trypsin]. Peptone formed 
 by the action of trypsin. 
 
 Tryptonemia (trip-to-ne' -me-ah) . See Pepto- 
 nemia. 
 
 Tsetse-fly (tset'-se). Glossina morsitans, a 
 dipterous insect of South Africa, which 
 carries the parasite of , tsetse-fly disease. T. 
 Disease. See Disease, Tsetse- fly. 
 
 Tsuga (tsu'-gah). A genus of Conifer ce, a 
 species of which, T. canadensis, yields Canada 
 pitch. 
 
 Tubal (tu'-baT) [tube]. Pertaining to a tube, 
 especially the fallopian tube or the renal 
 tubules. 
 
 Tube (tub) [tuba, a tube]. A hollow, cylindric 
 structure, especially the fallopian tube or 
 the eustachian tube. T. -casts, casts of the 
 renal tubules; they indicate disease of the 
 kidneys. T., Crookes', T., Geissler's, T., 
 Hittorf's. See under Rays, Roentgen-. T., 
 Drainage-, a hollow tube of glass, rubber, 
 or other material inserted into a wound or 
 cavity to allow of the escape of fluids. T., 
 Sediment, a glass cylinder constricted to a 
 fine point at one end and both ends open; 
 it is used in precipitating urine. T., Vacuum-, 
 a sealed glass tube out of which the air has 
 been pumped and which has at each end a 
 piece of platinum wire passed through the 
 glass and entering the tube. 
 
 Tuber (tu'-ber) [L., "a bump or swelling"]. 
 i. A thickened portion of an underground 
 stem. 2. Any rounded swelling. T. cin- 
 ereum, a tract of gray matter extending from 
 the optic chiasm to the corpora albicantia, 
 and forming part of the floor of the third 
 ventricle. 
 
 Tubercle (tu'-ber-kl) [tuberculum, a tubercle], 
 i. A small nodule. 2. A rounded prominence 
 on a bone. 3. The specific lesion produced 
 by the tubercle bacillus, consisting of a col- 
 lection of round-cells and epithelioid cells, 
 with at times giant-cells. T., Acoustic, 
 the nucleus of the dorsal cochlear nerve, 
 a leaf-like mass of cinerea wrapped about the 
 dorsolateral surface of the restis. T., Adduc- 
 tor, a slight protuberance at the lower end 
 of the internal supracondylar line of the femur, 
 giving attachment to the tendon of the adduc- 
 tor magnus. T., Amygdaloid, a promi- 
 nence on the roof of the descending cornu 
 of the lateral ventricle. T., Anatomic, 
 a wart-like tuberculous growth sometimes 
 appearing on the hands of dissectors. T., 
 Anterior, a tubercle at the anterior part of 
 the extremity of the transverse process of 
 certain vertebras. T. Bacillus. See under 
 
 Bacteria. T., Carotid, a prominence of the 
 sixth cervical vertebra on the anterior part of 
 its transverse process. T., Conoid, a broad 
 projection of the clavicle on its posterior bor- 
 der at the union of its middle and outer thirds, 
 to which the conoid ligament is attached. 
 T., Deltoid, a projection on the anterior 
 border of the clavicle, giving origin to a part 
 of the deltoideus. T., Dissection, anatomic 
 tubercle. T., Fibrous, a tubercle which 
 has been modified by the formation of con- 
 nective tissue within its structure. T., 
 Genial, one of the tubercles on each side of 
 the middle line on the inner surface of the 
 lower maxilla. T., Genital, the rudimentary 
 penis or clitoris in the urogenital region of 
 the embryo in front of the cloaca. T., Gray. 
 See Tubercle (3). T. of Lower, a small 
 eminence on the wall of the right auricle, 
 between the orifices of the venae cavae. T., 
 Lymphoid, a tubercle consisting chiefly of 
 round or lymphoid cells. T., Mammillary. 
 See Corpora albicantia. T., Miliary. See 
 Tubercle (3). T., Olfactory. See Bulb, 
 Olfactory. T., Painful, a painful nodule 
 in the subcutaneous tissue in the region of 
 the joints. T., Posterior, a tubercle at 
 the posterior end of the lumbar and several 
 of the thoracic vertebras. T., Postglenoid, a 
 process of the temporal bone that descends 
 behind the condyle of the jaw and prevents 
 backward displacement during mastication. 
 T., Prostatic, the middle lobe of the prostate. 
 T., Pterygoid, a tubercle on the inner surface 
 of the inferior maxilla; it gives attachment to 
 the internal pterygoid muscle. T. of Rolando, 
 one of the rounded masses close under the sur- 
 face of the lateral columns of the medulla ob- 
 longata, formed by the enlarged dorsal horns 
 of the gray matter. T., Scalene-, a tubercle 
 on the first rib, giving attachment to the an- 
 terior scalene muscle. T. of the Vagina, 
 a prominence on 4 the anterior wall of the 
 vagina. 
 
 Tubercular (tu -ber' -ku- lar) [tubercle]. 1 . Pre- 
 senting the appearance of a tubercle. 2. Pro- 
 vided with tubercles. 
 
 Tuberculid (tu-ber' -ku-lid) . Any cutaneous 
 manifestation due to the toxins of the tu- 
 bercle bacilli. 
 
 Tuberculin (tu-ber' -ku-lin) [tubercle]. A gly- 
 cerol extract of cultures of the bacillus of 
 tuberculosis. It is a brownish, neutral 
 liquid, soluble in water, and is used as a 
 means of diagnosing tuberculosis, especially 
 in the domestic animals; when injected 
 into tuberculous individuals, a reaction is 
 produced which differs from that given by 
 healthy individuals. Syn., Paratoloid. T. 
 A, the result of extracting the bacilli with a 
 10 % normal caustic soda solution and filtering 
 and neutralizing the product. T., New, 
 an unsterilized, unfiltered, glycerol-water 
 semisolution of living, dried, pulverized, and 
 washed bacilli. T., Purified, the resultant 
 redissolved precipitate of the tuberculin 
 original with 60% of alcohol. 
 
TUBERCULITIS 
 
 995 TUFFIER'S INFERIOR LIGAMENT 
 
 Tuberculitis {tu-ber-ku-W -tis) [tubercle; crcc, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation in the tissues 
 surrounding a tuberculous node. 
 
 Tuberculocidin {tu-ber -ku-lo-si' -din) [tubercle; 
 ccedere, to kill]. An albumose obtained from 
 tuberculin by precipitation with platinum 
 chlorid. It is said to possess the beneficial 
 effects of tuberculin without producing an 
 injurious reaction. 
 
 Tuberculoderma {tu-ber -ku-lo-der' -mah). A 
 cutaneous manifestation of the action of 
 tubercle bacilli, a tuberculid. 
 
 Tuber culofibroid {tu-ber-ku-lo-fi'-broid). Re- 
 lating to a tubercle that has undergone fi- 
 broid degeneration. 
 
 Tuberculoma {tu-ber-ku-lo' -mah). A tuber- 
 culous tumor. 
 
 Tuberculoplasmin {tu - ber - ku-lo - plaz r -min) . 
 The filtered watery solution of the protoplasm 
 of moist living bacilli, extracted by crushing 
 with hydraulic pressure. 
 
 Tuberculosis {tu-ber-ku-lo' -sis) [tubercle]. An 
 infectious disease due to Bacillus tuber- 
 culosis, discovered by Koch. The lesion 
 produced by the growth of the bacillus is 
 the tubercle (miliary or gray tubercle or 
 nodule), a small, grayish, translucent nodule, 
 from jo to 2 mm. in diameter, firmly embedded 
 in the surrounding tissues. By the coalescence 
 of neighboring tubercles larges masses, the 
 socalled tuberculous infiltrations, are produced. 
 The tendency of tuberculous lesions is to 
 undergo cheesy necrosis. For this degen- 
 eration two factors are responsible: the ab- 
 sence of blood-vessels and the action of 
 peculiar poisons elaborated by the bacillus. 
 The breaking down of tuberculous areas 
 in the interior of organs gives rise to cavities, 
 which may be seen in muscles, bones, brain, 
 lymphatic glands, and elsewhere, but are most 
 pronounced in the lungs. On surfaces — skin 
 and mucous membranes — tuberculosis often 
 leads to the formation of ulcers. The most 
 frequent seats of tuberculosis are the lung, the 
 intestinal tract, the lymphatic glands, the 
 serous membranes, the bones, the skin, the tes- 
 ticle, the epididymis, the brain, the fallopian 
 tubes, the uterus, the spleen. The symptoms 
 of tuberculosis vary with the localization 
 of the disease. A few general phenomena 
 are common to nearly all forms, viz., emaci- 
 ation, loss of strength, anemia, fever, and 
 sweats. T., Acute Miliary, an acute 
 febrile disease, characterized by the forma- 
 tion of minute tubercles in great numbers in 
 various parts of the body. It is due to the 
 discharge into the circulatory stream of 
 tubercle bacilli. Three forms are usually 
 described: (i) a general or typhoid form; 
 
 (2) one with marked pulmonary symptoms; 
 
 (3) one in which cerebral symptoms predom- 
 inate. T., Avian, tuberculosis affecting 
 birds. T., Bovine, tuberculosis occurring 
 in cattle. Syn., Pearl disease. T., General 
 Miliary. See T., Acute Miliary. T., Lar- 
 yngeal, tuberculosis of the larynx, usually 
 secondary to tuberculosis of the lungs, but in 
 
 rare cases primary. T., Miliary, tubercu- 
 losis characterized by the formation deposit of 
 miliary tubercles. T., Surgical, tuberculosis 
 of parts amenable to surgical treatment, as the 
 bones and joints. 
 
 Tuberculotoxin {tu-ber -ku-lo-toks' -in). A tox- 
 in generated by the tubercle bacillus. 
 
 Tuberculous {tu-ber' -ku-lus) [tubercle]. Af- 
 fected with or caused by tuberculosis. 
 
 Tuberculum {tu-ber' -ku-lum) [L.]. See Tu- 
 bercle. 
 
 Tuberose {tu'-ber-os) [tuber]. Resembling a 
 tuber. 
 
 Tuberosity {tu-ber -0 s' -it-e) [tuber]. A protu- 
 berance on a bone. T., Greater, a rough 
 projection on the outer side of the head of 
 the humerus. T. of the Ischium, a thick, 
 downward projection of the ischium, on 
 which the body rests in sitting. T., Les- 
 ser, a small tuberosity in front of the head 
 and on the inner side of the bicipital groove 
 of the humerus. 
 
 Tuberous {tu'-ber-us) [tuber]. Like a tuber, 
 as tuberous angioma. 
 
 Tubingen Heart. A disease of the heart, 
 first observed at Tubingen, marked by cardiac 
 dilation and hypertrophy and believed to 
 be due to overindulgence in alcoholic drinks. 
 
 Tubo- ' {tu-bo-) [tube]. A prefix meaning re- 
 lating to a tube. 
 
 Tuboabdominal {tu-bo-ab-dom' -in-al) [tubo-; 
 abdomen]. Pertaining to a fallopian tube 
 and to the abdomen. 
 
 Tuboadnexopexy, Tuboadnexopexie {tu-bo-ad- 
 neks' -o-peks-e) . Surgical fixation of the uterine 
 , adnexa. 
 
 Tuboligamentous {tu-bo-lig-ah-menf -us) . Re- 
 lating to the oviduct and the broad liga- 
 ment. 
 
 Tuboovarian {tu-bo-o-va'-re-an) [tubo-; ovary]. 
 Pertaining to the fallopian tube and the 
 ovary. 
 
 Tuboperitoneal {tu-bo-per-it-on-e'-al). Relat- 
 ing to the oviduct and the peritoneum. 
 
 Tubouterine [tubo-; uterus]. Pertaining to the 
 fallopian tube and the uterus. 
 
 Tubular {tu'-bu-lar) [tubulus, a small tube]. 
 1. Shaped like a tube. 2. Pertaining to or 
 affecting tubules, as tubular nephritis. 3. 
 Produced in a tube, as tubular breathing. 
 T. Breathing. See Breath-sounds, Table of. 
 T. Membrane. See Neurilemma. 
 
 Tubulature {tu'-bu-la-tur) [tubule]. The short 
 tube of a retort or receiver. 
 
 Tubule {tu'-bul) [tubulus, dim. of tubus, a tube]. 
 A small tube. T., Seminiferous, any one 
 of the tubules of the testicles. T., Urinif- 
 erous, one of the numerous winding tubules 
 of the kidney. 
 
 Tubulus {tu'-bu-lus) [L.]. A tubule. 
 
 Tuerck. See Tiirck. 
 
 Turner's Inferior Ligament. Mesenterico- 
 parietal fold; that portion of the enteric 
 mesentery which is inserted into the iliac 
 fossa. T.'s Syndrome, a congenital state 
 of general tissue debility, resulting in relaxation 
 and displacement of various organs, such 
 
TUFFNELL'S METHOD 
 
 996 
 
 TURBINAL 
 
 as splanchnoptosis, varicocele, uterine dis- 
 placements, etc. 
 
 Tuffnell's, Method T.'s Treatment. A treat- 
 ment for aneurysm, consisting in absolute 
 rest, dry diet, and the administration of potas- 
 sium iodid. 
 
 Tuft, Malpighian. See Malpighian Body. 
 
 Tugging, Tracheal. See Tracheal Tugging. 
 
 Tully's Powder. A powder containing mor- 
 phin sulfate, i part; camphor, licorice, and 
 calcium carbonate, each, 20 parts. 
 
 Tulpius' Valve. The ileocecal valve. 
 
 Tumefacient itu-me-fa' -shent) [tumefaction]. 
 Swelling; swollen. 
 
 Tumefaction {tu-me-fak' -shun) [tumere, to swell; 
 facere, to make]. A swelling. 
 
 Tumenol {tu'-men-ol) [bitumen; oleum, oil]. 
 A thick, dark-brown liquid prepared from 
 certain bituminous oils; it is used in skin- 
 diseases. 
 
 Tumescence {tu-mes' -ens) [tumescere, to swell]. 
 The condition of growing tumid; a swell- 
 ing. 
 
 Tumid {tu'-mid) [see Tumescence]. Swollen. 
 
 Tumor {tu'-mor) [tumere, to swell]. 1. A 
 swelling. 2. A newgrowth not the result of 
 inflammation. The appended classification 
 is based, at least as regards classes 
 A and B, on the blastodermic origin of the 
 dominant tissue of the tumor. 3. A mass of 
 cells, tissues, or organs, resembling those 
 normally present in the body, but arranged 
 atypically, growing at the expense of the body, 
 but subserving no useful purpose therein. 
 T. albus, white swelling; tuberculous en- 
 largement of a joint. T., Benign, one 
 which does not give rise to metastasis nor 
 recur after removal. T., Gubler's, a prom- 
 inence on the back of the wrist seen in wrist- 
 drop. T., Gummy, a syphilitic gumma. 
 T., Heterologous, one composed of tissue 
 differing from that in which it grows. T., 
 Homologous, one composed of tissue resem- 
 bling that from which it grows. T., Malig- 
 nant, one which gives metastasis or recurs, 
 or does both, and eventually destroys life. 
 T., Phantom. See Phantom-tumor. T., 
 Splenic, a term sometimes applied to an 
 enlarged spleen. 
 
 Mesodermic Tumors. 
 
 r 
 
 Round-cell. 
 
 Spindle-cell. 
 
 Giant-cell. 
 
 Melanotic. 
 
 Alveolar. 
 
 Endothelioma. 
 
 Angiosarcoma. 
 
 Cylindroma. 
 
 Chloroma. 
 
 Psammoma. 
 
 Hard. 
 
 Soft. 
 
 Sarcoma. 
 
 Fibroma. 
 Myxoma. 
 Lipoma. 
 Chondroma. 
 
 6. Osteoma. 
 
 7. Hemangioma. 
 
 8. Lymphangioma. 
 
 9. Myoma. 
 
 B. Ectodermic 
 
 1. Glioma. 
 
 2. Neuroma. 
 
 Epithelioma. 
 
 O. durum or O. eburneum. 
 O. spongiosum, O. medul- 
 
 lare. 
 Telangiectatic. 
 Cavernous. 
 Simple. 
 Cystic. 
 Liomyoma. 
 Rhabdomyoma . 
 
 AND ENTODERMIC TUMORS. 
 
 N. myelinicum. 
 N. amyelinicum 
 
 Adenoma. 
 Carcinoma. 
 
 Epithelial 
 cystoma. 
 
 Tubular. 
 \ Racemose. 
 
 f Squamous. 
 ■s Cylindric. 
 
 (^ Glandular. 
 
 ( C. simplex. 
 -j C. papilli- 
 
 ferum. 
 
 C. Teratoid Tumors or Teratomas. 
 
 Hyaline. 
 Fibrous. 
 
 1. Dermoid cyst. 
 
 2. Cholesteatoma. 
 
 Tumultus (tu-mul'-tus) [L.]. Tumult. T. cor- 
 dis, irregular heart-action. T. sermonis, a 
 stuttering manner of reading, from pathologic 
 cause. 
 
 Tungstate (tung'-stdt). See under Tungsten. 
 
 Tungsten {tung'-sten) [Swed., "heavy stone"]. 
 A metallic element having a specific gravity 
 of 19.26, an atomic weight of 182.6. Symbol 
 W (from the German name Wolfram). It 
 forms tungstic acid, H 2 Wo 4 , the latter com- 
 bining with bases to form tungstates, which 
 are used as reagents. See Elements, Table 
 of Chemic. 
 
 Tungstic Acid (tung' -stik) . See under Tung- 
 sten. 
 
 Tunic {tu'-nik) [tunica]. A coat or mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Tunica (tu'-nik-ah) [L.]. A tunic. T. ad- 
 ventitia, the outer coat of an artery. T. 
 albuginea oculi, the sclerotic coat of the 
 eye. T. albuginea ovarii, the compact 
 connective tissue immediately under the epi- 
 thelium of the cortex of the ovary. T. 
 albuginea testis, the fibrous covering of the 
 testis. T. intima, the inner coat of an artery. 
 T. media, the middle coat of . an artery. 
 T. ruyschiana, the layer of capillary ves- 
 sels of the choroid coat of the eye. T. 
 vaginalis, the serous covering of the testis 
 derived from the peritoneum. T. vas- 
 culosa, the vascular layer of the testis, 
 called also the pia mater of the testis. 
 
 Tunicin (tu'-nis-in), (C 2 H 10 O 5 ). A substance 
 obtained from the mantles of ascidians; 
 considered by some as identical with vege- 
 table cellulose, by some as identical with ani- 
 mal cellulose, and by others as a distinct body 
 convertible into sugar. 
 
 Tunnel-anemia. See Ankylostomiasis. 
 
 Tunnel-disease. See Caisson-disease. 
 
 Tupelo {tu'-pel-o). The Nyssa grandidentata, 
 of the order Comacece. Its root has been 
 used for making tents (tupelo-tent) . 
 
 Turbinal {tur' -bin-al) [turbo, top]. 1. Tur- 
 binated. 2. A turbinated bone. 
 
TURBINATED 
 
 997 
 
 TYLOSIS 
 
 Turbinated (tur'-bin-a-ted) [turbinaT]. Top- 
 shaped; scroll-shaped. T. Bone, one of 
 the three (superior, middle, and inferior) 
 bony projections upon the outer wall of each 
 nasal fossa. They are covered by an erectile 
 vascular mucous membrane. 
 
 Turbinectomy (tur - bin - ek'- to - me) [turbinal; 
 SKTOfxrj, sl cutting out]. Excision of a tur- 
 binated bone. 
 
 Turbinotome (tur'-bin-ot-om). An instrument 
 used in turbinotomy. 
 
 Turbinotomy (tur-bin-of -o-me) [turbinal; zofirj, 
 a cutting]. Incision into a turbinated bone. 
 
 Tiirck's Bundle. A tract of nerve-fibers pass- 
 ing from the cortex of the temporosphenoid 
 lobe through the outer portion of the crusta 
 of the cerebral peduncle and the pons into 
 the internal geniculate body. T.'s Column. 
 See Column of Tiirck. T.'s Degeneration. 
 See Degeneration, Tiirck's. T.'s Hemianes- 
 thesia, anesthesia affecting the functions of 
 the posterior spinal roots of one side, at times 
 also those of the nerves of special sense. It 
 is caused by lesions of the posterior portion of 
 the capsula and the contiguous region of the 
 corona radiata. T.'s Trachoma, gran- 
 ular laryngitis affecting the posterointernal 
 wall of the larynx. Syn., Laryngitis sicca. 
 
 Turgescence (tur-jes'-ens) [turgid]. Swelling. 
 
 Turgid (tur'-jid) [turgidus, swollen]. Swollen; 
 congested. 
 
 Turgor (tur'-gor) [L., "a swelling"]. Active 
 hyperemia; turgescence. 
 
 Turmeric (tur'-mer-ik). See Curcuma. 
 
 Turning (turn'-ing). See Version. 
 
 Turpentine {tur' -pen-tin) [zepeftvdoc, tere- 
 binth]. A concrete or liquid oleoresin ob- 
 tained from various species of Coniferce. The 
 ordinary or white turpentine (terebinthina, 
 U. S. -P. ; thus americanum, B. P.), derived 
 from Pinus palustris and other species of 
 Pinus, contains a volatile oil, oil or spirits 
 of turpentine. T. -camphor, terpene hydro- 
 chlorate. T., Canada (terebinthina cana- 
 densis, U. S. P., B. P.), is obtained from 
 Pinus balsamea, and under the name of 
 Canada balsam is used as a mounting medium 
 in microscopy. T., Chian, collected on the 
 island of Chios, from Pistacia terebinthus, 
 was formerly used in cancer. T., Common 
 European, T., Bordeaux, is obtained from 
 several species of pine; chiefly Pinus syl- 
 vestris and Pinus maritima. It yields large 
 quantities of oil of turpentine. T., Con- 
 fection of (confectio ter.ebinthince, B. P.). 
 Dose §-i dr. (2-4 Gm.). T., Enema of 
 (enema terebinthina, B. P.), oil of turpentine, 
 1 oz. ; mucilage of starch, 15 oz. T. Lin- 
 iment (linimentum terebinthince, U. S. P., 
 B. P.), resin cerate and oil of turpentine. T., 
 Liniment of, and Acetic Acid (linimentum 
 terebinthina aceticum, B. P.), oil of turpentine, 
 acetic acid, liniment of camphor, of each, 
 1 oz. T., Oil of (oleum terebinthince, U. S. P., 
 B. P.), a volatile oil, recently distilled from 
 turpentine. When pure, it consists only of 
 carbon and hydrogen, but on exposure absorbs 
 
 oxygen. Oil of turpentine is stimulant, 
 diuretic, and anthelmintic; in large doses 
 it acts as a cathartic ; locally it is a rubefacient. 
 In overdoses it acts as an irritant, especially 
 to the kidneys, producing bloody urine and 
 strangury. It is used as a stimulant in ty- 
 phoid and other low fevers; in tympanites; 
 as a hemostatic; in chronic renal diseases, 
 dysentery, and whooping-cough; as an in- 
 halation in bronchitis; as a cathartic in the 
 form of enema, and as a teniafuge. Dose 
 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). T., Oil of, 
 Emulsion of (emulsum olei terebinthince, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). T., Oil of, 
 Rectified (oleum terebinthince recti ficatum, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 5-30 min. (0.32-2.0 Cc). 
 T., Ointment of (unguentum terebinthince, 
 B. P.), used on burns. T., Strasburg, 
 a variety derived from Abies picea. T., 
 Venice, a variety obtained from Larix euro- 
 pcea; it yields oil of turpentine. 
 
 Turpeth (tur'-peth) [Pers., turbad, a purgative 
 root]. The Ipomcea turpethum, a purgative 
 plant resembling jalap, found in Asia. T. 
 Mineral, subsulfate of mercury, used as an 
 emetic. See Mercury Subsulfate. 
 
 Turpethin (tur' -peth-in) , C 34 H 56 Oj 3 . A glucosid 
 obtained from the root of Ipomcea turpethum. 
 
 Tussal (tus'-al) [tussis, cough]. Pertaining to 
 or of the nature of a cough. 
 
 Tussedo (tus-e'-do). Tussis. 
 
 Tussicular (tus-ik'-u-lar) [tussicula, a slight 
 cough]. Characterized by a slight cough. 
 
 Tussiculation (tus-ik-u-la' -shun) . A hacking 
 cough. 
 
 Tussilago (tus-il-a' -go) . A genus of plants 
 of the order Compositce. The leaves of T. 
 farfara, coltsfoot, and also other parts of the 
 plant are used as a demulcent in pulmonary 
 affections associated with cough. 
 
 Tussis (tus'-is) [L.]. A cough. T. convulsiva, 
 whooping-cough. 
 
 Tussive (tus'-iv) [tussis]. Pertaining to or 
 caused by cough. 
 
 Tussol (tus'-ol). Antipyrin mandelate. 
 
 Tutamina oculi (tu-tam'-in-ah ok'-u-li). The 
 appendages of the eyes. 
 
 Tutty (tut'-e) [Tamul word, tutum]. Impure 
 oxid of zinc deposited as an incrustation on 
 the chimneys of furnaces during the smelting 
 of lead ores containing zinc; used as an ex- 
 ternal desiccant when pulverized. 
 
 Tween -brain (twin' -bran). See Diencephalon. 
 
 Twelfth Cranial Nerve. The hypoglossal 
 nerve. See under Nerve. 
 
 Twin. One of two individuals born at the 
 same birth. 
 
 Twixt -brain (twikst'-bran). See Diencephalon. 
 
 Tyle (ti'-le) [zuXoc, a knob]. A callus. 
 
 Tylion (til'-e-on) [tyle]. A craniometric point 
 on the anterior border of the optic groove 
 in the mesal line. 
 
 Tyloma (ti-lo'-mah) [tyle]. A callus. 
 
 Tylosis (ti-lo'-sis) [tyle]. 1. A state character- 
 ized by the formation of callus. 2. A form 
 of blepharitis with thickening and hardening 
 of the edge of the lid. 
 
TYMPANECTOMY 
 
 998 
 
 TYPHOID 
 
 Tympanectomy (Urn- pan -ek' -to -me) [tym- 
 panum; iKTOfir], a cutting out]. Excision of 
 the tympanic membrane. 
 
 Tympanic (tim - pan' - ik) [tympanum]. Per- 
 taining to the tympanum. T. Bone, T. 
 Plate, the thin plate of bone separating the 
 tympanum from the cranial cavity. T. 
 Membrane. See Membrane, Tympanic. 
 T. Ring, an osseous ring forming part of the 
 temporal bone at the time of birth and which 
 develops into the tympanic plate. T. Teg- 
 men, the bony plate forming the roof of the 
 tympanum. 
 
 Tympanism {tim' -pan-izm) [tympanum]. Dis- 
 tention with gas; tympanites. 
 
 Tympanites {tim-pan-i' -tez) [tympanum]. A 
 distention of the abdominal walls from ac- 
 cumulation of gas in the intestine or peri- 
 toneal Cavity. 
 
 Tympanitic {tim - pan - it' - ik) [tympanites]. 
 Caused by or of the nature of tympanites. 
 T. Resonance, the note obtained on per- 
 cussing a cavity distended with gas. 
 
 Tympanitis {tim-pan-i' -tis) [tympanum; exec, 
 inflammation]. Inflammation of the tym- 
 panum; otitis media. 
 
 Tympanoeustachian {tim-pan-o-u-sta'-ke-an) 
 [tympanum; eustachian]. Pertaining to the 
 tympanum and the eustachian tube. 
 
 Tympanohyal {tim-pan-o-hi' -at) [tympanum; 
 hyoid]. A small cartilage of the human 
 fetus subsequently fusing with the styloid 
 process of the temporal bone. 
 
 Tympanomastoiditis {tim- pan-o-mas-toid-i'- 
 tis). Inflammation of the tympanum and 
 mastoid cells. 
 
 Tympanophony {tim-pan-oj'-o-ne). See Au- 
 to phony (2). 
 
 Tympanosis {tim-pan-o' -sis) . Tympanites. 
 
 Tympanotomy {tim-pan-of -o-me) [tympanum; 
 rofirj, a cutting]. Incision of the membrana 
 tympani. 
 
 Tympanous {tim'-pan-us). Distended with 
 gas; relating to tympanism. 
 
 Tympanum {tim'-pan-um) [xu/mavov, drum]. 
 The middle ear. 
 
 Tympany {tim'-pan-e). 1. Tympanites. 2. A 
 tympanitic percussion-note. 
 
 Typewriter's Cramp. See under Spasms, 
 Fatigue. 
 
 Typhase {ti'-faz). The special bacteriolytic 
 enzym of Bacillus typhi abdominalis. 
 
 Typhemia {ti-fe'-me-ah) [xucfroc, smoke; alfia, 
 blood]. An impoverished condition of the 
 blood following typhus. 
 
 Typhlenteritis {tif-len-ter-i'-tis) [xo^Xbv, cecum; 
 'ivxepov, bowel; exe$, inflammation]. A 
 proposed substitute for the word appendi- 
 citis. 
 
 Typhlitis {tif-W '-tis) [xucpXbv, cecum ; exec, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the cecum. 
 
 Typhlo- {tif-lo-) [xu<j>Xbv, cecum]. A prefix 
 signifying relating to the cecum. 
 
 Typhlocele {ti}' -lo-sel) . See Cecocele. 
 
 Typhlodicliditis {tif-lo-di-kli-di'-tis) [typhlo-; 
 denX'ec, a folding door; exec, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the ileocecal valve. 
 
 Typhloempyema {tif-lo-em-pi-e'-mah) [typhlo-) 
 empyema]. Abscess attending typhlitis. 
 
 Typhloid (tif'Joid) [xo$Xbc, blind]. Having 
 defective vision. 
 
 Typhlolithiasis {tif-lo-lith-i'-as-is) [typhlo-; 
 lithiasis]. The formation of calculi in the 
 cecum. 
 
 Typhlosis {tif-lo'-sis) [xu<f)\6c, blind]. Blind- 
 ness. 
 
 Typhlosole {tif'-lo-sol) [typhlo-, owXrjv, tube]. 
 A tube lying in the dorsal middle line of the 
 intestine of certain worms {Lumbricidce) . 
 
 Typhlostenosis {ti}-lo-sten-o f -sis) [typhlo-; sten- 
 osis]. Stenosis of the cecum. 
 
 Typhlotomy {tij -lot' -o-me) [typhlo-; xop.rj, a 
 cutting]. Division or section of the cecum. 
 
 Typho- {ti-fo-) [typhoid]. A prefix meaning 
 relating to typhoid or of a typhoid character. 
 
 Typhobacillosis {ti-fo-bas-il-o'-sis) [typho-; bacil- 
 lus]. The systemic poisoning produced 
 by the toxins formed by the typhoid bacillus. 
 
 Typhoid {ti'-foid) [xucjjoc, stupor; eldoc, like]. 
 Resembling typhus. T., Abenteric, typhoid 
 fever involving other organs than those of 
 the intestinal tract. T., Afebrile, typhoid 
 fever with the usual symptoms, positive diazo 
 and Widal reaction, presence of rose-spots, 
 but absence of increased temperature. T. 
 Fever, enteric fever, abdominal typhus, 
 ileotyphus. An infectious disease caused by 
 Bacillus typhosus discovered by Eberth. 
 It is introduced into the body with the food 
 and drinking-water, and is found in the in- 
 testine, the spleen, and the fecal discharges, 
 but may also occur in the various complicating 
 lesions. The principal lesions of typhoid 
 fever are an enlargement and necrosis of 
 Peyer's patches, and enlargement of the 
 spleen and the mesenteric glands. The 
 mucous membrane of the intestine is also the 
 seat of a catarrhal inflammation. After a 
 period of incubation of from two to three 
 weeks the disease sets in with weakness, 
 headache, vague pains, a tendency to diarrhea, 
 and nose-bleed. The temperature gradually 
 rises, being higher each evening than the 
 previous evening, and reaches its maximum 
 (io4°-io5° F.) in from one to two weeks. 
 It then remains at this level for from one to 
 two weeks, and finally sinks by lysis. The 
 pulse is soft and dicrotic, but often not 
 so rapid as would be expected from, the high 
 temperature. The tongue is at first coated on 
 the dorsum and red at the tip and edges, but 
 soon becomes dry, brown, and tremulous, and, 
 like the teeth and lips, covered with sordes. 
 There is usually complete anorexia, the 
 bowels are loose, and the stools have a 
 peculiar "pea-soup" color. At times con- 
 stipation exists. Slight congestion of the 
 lungs with cough is usually present. On the 
 seventh, eighth, or ninth day the peculiar 
 eruption appears — it consists of small, slightly 
 elevated, rose-colored spots, disappearing on 
 pressure, and coming out in successive crops. 
 Nervous symptoms are prominent in typhoid 
 fever, and are headache, slight deafness, 
 
TYPHOIN 
 
 999 
 
 TYSON'S GLAND 
 
 stupor, muttering delirium, carphology, sub- 
 sultus tendinum, and coma vigil. Compli- 
 cations are frequent, the most important be- 
 ing intestinal hemorrhage, perforation of the 
 bowel, peritonitis, pneumonia, and nephritis. 
 Relapses are fairly common, although second 
 attacks are rare. Abortive typhoid is charac- 
 terized by an abrupt onset of symptoms, 
 which subside quickly, convalescence following 
 in a few days. Walking typhoid is a variety in 
 which the symptoms are so mild that the 
 patient disregards them and walks about. 
 Grave accidents may in such a case develop 
 suddenly. T. State, the condition of stupor 
 and hebetude, with dry, brown tongue, sordes 
 on the teeth, rapid, feeble pulse, incontinence 
 of feces and urine, and rapid wasting, seen 
 in typhoid fever and other continued fevers. 
 
 Typhoin (ti'-fo-in). A preparation of dead 
 typhoid bacilli used by injection in the treat- 
 ment of typhoid fever. 
 
 Typhomalarial (ti-fo-mal-a' -re-al) [typho-; 
 malaria]. Exhibiting symptoms of both 
 typhoid and malarial fevers. T. Fever, 
 a fever exhibiting symptoms both of typhoid 
 and of malarial fever, but probably malarial 
 in nature. 
 
 Typhomania (ti-fo-ma'-ne-ah) [typho-; [xavca, 
 madness]. The lethargic state, with delirium, 
 sometimes observed in typhus, typhoid, and 
 other low fevers. 
 
 Typhopaludism (ti-fo-paV -u-dizm) [typho-; 
 paluda, a marsh]. Fever of malarial origin 
 accompanied by symptoms of typhoid. 
 
 Typhopneumonia (ti -fo- nu- mo'- ne - ah) [ty- 
 pho-; pneumonia]. Pneumonia occurring in 
 the course of typhoid fever. 
 
 Typhosepsis (ti-fo-sep'-sis). See Typhemia. 
 
 Typhosis (ti-fo'-sis). See Typhoid State. T., 
 Syphilitic, a form of intestinal neuralgia 
 associated with secondary syphilis. 
 
 Typhotoxin (ti-fo-toks'-in) [typho-; ro^wbv, 
 poison]. A ptomain produced by the typhoid 
 bacillus. It is isomeric with the base C 7 - 
 H 17 N0 2 , obtained from putrefying horseflesh, 
 and induces lethargy, paralysis, and death. 
 
 Typhous (ti'-fus) [typhus]. Pertaining to or 
 having the nature of typhus. 
 
 Typhus {ti'-fus) [ru(f>oc, stupor]. An acute 
 contagious disease chiefly characterized by 
 a petechial rash, marked nervous symptoms, 
 and a high fever, ending by crisis in from 
 10 to 14 days. The only peculiar lesions 
 noted postmortem are a dark fluid state of 
 the blood and a staining of the endocardium 
 and intima of the blood-vessels. After a 
 period of incubation of from a few hours to 
 two weeks, the disease sets in abruptly with 
 pains in the head, back, and limbs, the 
 fever rising rapidly to 104 or 105 F. The 
 
 nervous symptoms resemble those of typhoid 
 fever. The eruption appears on the fourth 
 or fifth day as rose-colored spots scattered 
 over all the body, and quickly becoming 
 hemorrhagic. It does not disappear on 
 pressure. The chief complications are hy- 
 perpyrexia, pneumonia, ana nephritis. Syn., 
 Jail-fever; Ship-fever. T. icterodes. Syn- 
 onym of Yellow fever. 
 
 Typoscope (ti'-po-skop) [ruitoc, a stamp ; gkotzs'cv, 
 to look]. A small device to exclude ex- 
 traneous light, for the use of cataract patients 
 and amblyopes in reading. 
 
 Tyree's Antiseptic Powder. A proprietary- 
 preparation said to contain alum, sodium 
 biborate, eucalyptus, phenol, thymol, winter- 
 green, and peppermint; it is recommended 
 for leukorrheal and purulent discharges. 
 
 Tyrein (ti'-re-in) [rupoc, cheese]. Coagulated 
 casein. 
 
 Tyremesis (ti-rem'-es-is) [rupoc, cheese; s/xsocc, 
 a vomiting]. The vomiting of caseous mat- 
 ter; an ailment common among nursing 
 infants. 
 
 Tyro- (ti-ro-) [rupdc, cheese]. A prefix meaning 
 cheese or cheese-like. 
 
 Tyroid • (ti'-roid) [tyro-; eldoc, like]. Cheese- 
 like. 
 
 Tyroma (ti-ro' -mah) [tyro-; bfia, tumor]. 1. 
 A caseous mass. 2. A tuberculous tumor. 
 
 Tyrosal (ti'-ro-sal). See Salipyrin. 
 
 Tyrosin (ti'-ro-sin) [rupoc, cheese], CgH^NOv 
 A crystalline amidoacid, a decomposition 
 product of proteids. T., Tests for. See 
 Hoffmann, Piria, Scherer, (von) Udransky, 
 Wurster. 
 
 Tyrosinase (ti-ro' -sin-dz) [tyrosin]. An oxid- 
 izing enzym found in many fungi, and in dahlia 
 and beet-root. It acts upon all the cresols. 
 
 Tyrosis (ti-ro'-sis) [rupoc, cheese]. Caseation. 
 
 Tyrotoxicon (ti-ro-toks' -ik-on) [tyro-; ro^cKov, a 
 poison]. A ptomain obtained from poisonous 
 cheese, milk, ice-cream, etc. It induces 
 vertigo, nausea, vomiting, chills, rigors, 
 severe pains in the epigastric region, di- 
 lation of the pupils, griping and purging, 
 a sensation of numbness or of pins and needles, 
 especially in the limbs, and marked prostra- 
 tion or even death. The poison is thought 
 to be the cause of many cases of summer 
 diarrhea of infants. See Ptomains, Table of. 
 
 Tyrotoxin (ti-ro-toks' -in) [see Tyrotoxicon]. 
 A curara-like poison from poisonous cheese; 
 it is not identical with tyrotoxicon. 
 
 Tyrotoxism (ti-ro-toks' -izm). Cheese-poison- 
 ing. 
 
 Tyrrell's Fascia. See Denonvillier's Fascia. 
 
 Tyson's Glands. The sebaceous glands of 
 the corona glandis and the inner layer of 
 the prepuce, secreting the smegma. 
 
UARTHRITIS 
 
 1000 
 
 ULNARIS 
 
 U 
 
 Uarthritis (u-ar-thri' '-tis) . See Arthritis urica. 
 
 Uberty {u'-ber-te) [uber, udder]. Fertility; 
 productiveness. 
 
 Ucambin, Ukambin (u-kam'-bin). An Af- 
 rican arrow-poison with the effects of stro- 
 phanthin, but more powerful. 
 
 (von) Udransky's Test for Bile Acids. To 
 i Cc. of a watery or alcoholic solution of the 
 substance add one drop of a 0.1% watery 
 solution of furfurol, and underlay with i Cc. 
 of concentrated sulfuric acid; then cool. 
 In the presence of bile acids a red color with 
 a shade of blue will be produced. V. U.'s 
 Test for Tyrosin, to i Cc. of a solution of 
 the substance add one drop of a 0.5 % watery- 
 solution of furfurol, and underlay with 1 
 Cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid. The 
 mixture becomes pink. The mixture should 
 not rise above 50 C. 
 
 Uffelmann's Test for Hydrochloric Acid 
 in the Contents of the Stomach. Strips 
 of filter-paper saturated in an extract of bil- 
 berries in amylic alcohol and dried, when 
 dipped into the contents of a stomach con- 
 taining HO, will be turned pink. U.'s Test 
 for Lactic Acid in the Contents of the 
 Stomach, make a mixture of 10 Cc. of a 
 4 % solution of phenol, 20 Cc. of water, and 
 a few drops of ferric chlorid solution; this 
 will have a blue coloration. Add the liquid 
 to be tested, and in the presence of lactic acid 
 a yellow coloration will result. 
 
 Uhthoff's Sign. The nystagmus of multiple 
 cerebrospinal sclerosis. 
 
 Ulatrophia {oo-lat-ro' -fe-ah) [ooXov, gum; 
 dvpo(f>!a, atrophy]. A shrinkage of the gums. 
 
 Ulcer (ul'-ser) [ulcus, ulcer]. A loss of substance 
 occurring on the skin or mucous membranes, 
 and due to a gradual necrosis of the tissues. 
 U., Atheromatous, a loss of substance in 
 the wall of an artery or the endocardium, 
 due to the breaking down of an atheromatous 
 patch. U., Catarrhal, a form of intestinal 
 ulcer due to a superficial loss of epithelial 
 cells. U., Chancroidal. See Chancre. 
 U., Curling's, an ulcer of the duodenum 
 observed after severe burns of the body. U., 
 Follicular, a small ulcer on a mucous mem- 
 brane having its origin in a lymph-follicle. 
 U., Fungous, one covered by fungous gran- 
 ulations. U., Gastric, perforating ulcer of 
 the lining membrane of the stomach. U., 
 Indolent, one with an indurated, elevated 
 edge and a nongranulating floor, usually 
 occurring on the leg. U., Inflamed, one 
 surrounded by marked inflammation. U., 
 Jacob's. See U ., Rodent. U., Marjolin's, an 
 ulcer having for its "seat an old cicatrix. U., 
 Peptic. See Peptic Ulcer. U., Perforating, 
 an ulcer that perforates the tissues of a part, 
 particularly the foot or the stomach. U., 
 Phagedenic, one which rapidly eats away the 
 tissues. U., Phlegmonous. Synonym of U. } 
 
 Inflamed. U., Rodent, a form of ulcer, prob- 
 ably epitheliomatous, which gradually involves 
 and eats away soft tissues and bones. U., 
 Round, the peptic ulcer of the stomach. U., 
 Serpiginous, one healing in one place while 
 spreading in another. U., Tuberculous, 
 one due to the tubercle bacillus. U., Vari- 
 cose, an ulcer due to varicose veins. 
 
 Ulcerate {ul'-ser-dt) [ulcer]. To become con- 
 verted into or affected with an ulcer. 
 
 Ulceration {ul-ser-a' -shun) [ulcer]. The form- 
 ation of an ulcer; a process of liquefaction- 
 necrosis or molecular death on a free sur- 
 face. 
 
 Ulcerative {uV -ser-a-tiv) [ulcer]. Pertaining to 
 ulceration; characterized by ulceration. 
 
 Ulcerous {ul'-ser-us) [ulcer]. Exhibiting ulcer- 
 ation; having the character of an ulcer. 
 
 Ulcus (ul'-kus) [L.]. An ulcer. 
 
 Ule (u'-le) [ouXrj, a scar]. A cicatrix. 
 
 Ulegyria (u-le-ji' '-re-ah) [ule; yupoc, a circle]. 
 Convolutions in the cortex of the brain, 
 made irregular by scar-formation. 
 
 Ulemorrhagia (u-lem-or-af-e-ah) [ule; alpta, 
 blood; pelv, to flow]. 1. Hemorrhage from 
 a cicatrix. 2. [ouXov, the gum.] Bleeding 
 of the gums. 
 
 Ulerythema {u-lerith-e'-mah) [ule; erythema]. 
 An erythematous disease marked by the 
 formation of cicatrices. 
 
 Uletic {u-let'-ik) [ulon]. Pertaining to the 
 gums. 
 
 Ulexin (u-leks'-in) [ulex, a shrub], CuE^INLjO. 
 An alkaloid from the seed of Ulex europceus, 
 the common gorse of Europe. It is a local 
 anesthetic and powerful diuretic. 
 
 Ulitis {u-li'-tis) [ulon; exec, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the gums. 
 
 Ulmarene {ul' -mar-en). A mixture of definite 
 quantities of salicylic ether and aliphatic 
 alcohols; recommended as an external ap- 
 plication in gout, rheumatism, etc. 
 
 Ulmus (uV-mus) [L.]. Slippery elm. The 
 ulmus of the U. S. P. is the dried bark of 
 Ulmus julva, or elm, of the order Urticacece. 
 It is used as a demulcent in diarrhea, dys- 
 entery, and diseases of the urinary tract; 
 as a poultice in inflammations, and in the 
 form of tents for dilating the os uteri. Ulmi, 
 Mucilago (U. S. P.), mucilage of elm. 
 
 Ulna {ul'-nah) [L., "a cubit"]. The bone on 
 the inner side of the forearm, articulating 
 with the humerus and the head of the radius 
 above and with the radius below. 
 
 Ulnad (ul'-nad) [ulna]. Toward the ulnar 
 aspect. 
 
 Ulnar {ul'-nar) [ulna]. 1. Pertaining to or 
 in relation with the ulna, as the ulnar artery, 
 ulnar nerve. 2. Pertaining to the ulnar 
 artery or ulnar nerve. 
 
 Ulnaris {ul-na'-ris) [L.]. 1. Ulnar. 2. The 
 ulnar muscle, a muscle on the ulnar side of 
 the forearm. 
 
ULNOCARPAL 
 
 1001 
 
 UNDULATION 
 
 Ulnocarpal (ul-no-kar'-pal) [ulna; carpus]. 
 Pertaining to the ulna and the carpus. 
 
 Ulnoradial {ul-no-ra' -de-al) [ulna; radius]. 
 Pertaining to the ulna and the radius. 
 
 Ulocarcinoma (u-lo-kar-sin-o'-mah) [ulon; car- 
 cinoma]. Carcinoma of the gums. 
 
 Ulodermitis (u-lo-der-mi'-tis) [ule; dermitis]. 
 Inflammation of the skin with formation of 
 cicatrices. 
 
 Uloid (u'-loid) [ule; eldoc, like]. Scar-like. 
 
 Ulon (u'-lon) [odXov, gum]. The gums. 
 
 Uloncus (u-long'-kus) [ulon; by/coc, a tumor]. 
 A tumor or swelling of the gums. 
 
 Ulorrhagia (ul-or-a'-je-ah) [ulon; pyyvuvac, to 
 burst forth]. Bleeding from the gums. 
 
 Ulosis (u-lo'-sis) [ule]. Cicatrization. 
 
 Ulotic (u-lot'-ik) [ulosis]. Pertaining to or 
 tending toward cicatrization. 
 
 Ulotrichous (u-lof -rik-us) [ouXoc, woolly; Opi$, 
 hair]. Having woolly hair. 
 
 Ultimate (ul'-tim-at) [ultimus, superl. of ultra, 
 beyond]. Farthest; most remote; last; final. 
 U. Principle. See Principle, Ultimate. 
 
 Ultimum [ul'-tim-um) [L.]. Last. U. mo- 
 riens. i. The right auricle; so called from 
 the belief that it is the last part of the heart 
 to cease its contractions. 2. The upper part 
 of the trapezius muscle which usually es- 
 capes in progressive muscular atrophy. 
 
 Ultramicroscope {ul-trah-mi' -kro-skop) [ultra, 
 beyond; microscope]. A microscope whereby 
 it is possible to recognize objects measuring 
 but the millionth part of a millimeter in 
 diameter. 
 
 Ultratoxon (ul-trah-toks'-on) [ultra; toxon]. 
 A toxin of a low degree of avidity. 
 
 Ultraviolet Rays. See Rays, Ultraviolet. 
 
 Ultzmann's Reaction for Bile-pigments. 
 To 10 Cc. of the liquid add 3 or 4 Cc. of a 
 caustic potash solution ( 1 13) and then an 
 excess of hydrochloric acid. In the presence 
 of bile-pigments the solution will become 
 emerald green. 
 
 Ulyptol (u-lip'-tol). See Eulyptol. 
 
 Umbelliferon (um-bel-if -er-on) [umbella, um- 
 bel; ferre, to bear], C a H 6 3 . Oxycoumarin. 
 Fine needles, sparingly soluble in hot water and 
 ether. Found in the bark of Daphne meze- 
 reum; it is obtained by distilling different 
 resins, such as galbanum, asafetida, etc. 
 
 Umbellularia (um-bel-u-la'-re-ah) [umbellula, 
 a little umbel]. A genus of the Laurinece. 
 The principal species, U. californica, Cali- 
 fornia laurel or spice tree, contains in its seeds 
 a pungent volatile oil recommended for in- 
 halation in nasal catarrh; the leaves are used 
 in neuralgic headache, colic, and atonic 
 diarrhea. Dose of fluidextract 10-30 min. 
 (0.65-2 Cc). 
 
 Umbilical ium-biV '-ik-al) [umbilicus]. 1. Per- 
 taining to the umbilicus, as the umbilical cord, 
 umbilical vessels. 2. Pertaining to the um- 
 bilical cord or umbilical vessels. U. Cord. 
 See Core? (2). U. Region, the central of the 
 regions into which the abdomen is divided for 
 purposes of physical diagnosis. U, Ring, 
 the aperture, closed in the adult, through 
 
 which the umbilical vessels pass in fetal life. 
 U. Souffle, the peculiar sound heard occasion- 
 ally over the umbilical cord of the fetus. U. 
 Vesicle, the part of the yolk-sac remaining 
 outside of the embryo and supplying nutri- 
 ment to it through the omphalomesaraic duct. 
 U. Vessels, the umbilical arteries and veins. 
 
 Umbilicated (um-bil'-ik-a-ted) [umbilicus]. 
 Having a depression like that of the navel. 
 
 Umbilication {um-bil-ik-a' -shun) [umbilicus]. 
 1. A depression like that of. the navel. 2. 
 The state of being umbilicated. 
 
 Umbilicus (um-bil-i' -kus) [L.]. The navel; 
 the round, depressed cicatrix in the median 
 line of the abdomen, marking the site of 
 the aperture which in fetal life gave passage 
 to the umbilical vessels. 
 
 Umbo {urn' -bo) [L.]. A boss or bosselation; 
 any central convex eminence, as, the umbo 
 of the membrana tympani. 
 
 Umbonation (um-bon-a'-shun) [umbo]. The 
 formation of a low, rounded projection. 
 
 Umbrascopy {urn-bras' -ko-pe) . See Rhinos- 
 copy. 
 
 Unavoidable Hemorrhage. See Hemorrhage, 
 Unavoidable. 
 
 Unazotized (un-az'-o-tizd) [un, not; azotum, 
 nitrogen]. Deprived of nitrogen. 
 
 Uncia (un'-se-ah) [L.]. An ounce. 
 
 Unciform (un' -se-form) [uncus; forma, form]. 
 Hook-shaped. U. Bone, a hook-shaped 
 bone in the second row of the carpus. U. 
 Process, a hook-shaped process on the eth- 
 moid and other bones. 
 
 Unciforme (un-se-form'-e). The unciform 
 bone. 
 
 Uncinal (un' -sin-al). 1. Uncinate. 2. Fur- 
 nished with hooks. 
 
 Uncinaria (un-sin-a'-re-ah) [uncinus, a hook]. 
 A genus of parasitic nematode worms. 
 
 Uncinariasis (un-sin-a-ri' -a-sis) . Disease pro- 
 duced by parasites of the genus Uncinaria. 
 Syn., Ankylostomiasis; Dochmiasis; Hook- 
 worm Disease. 
 
 Uncinate (un'-sin-dt) [uncus]. Hooked. U. 
 Convolution, U. Gyrus, the continuation 
 of the hippocampal convolution, or fornicate 
 convolution, ending in a hook-like process near 
 the end of the temporal lobe. 
 
 Uncinatum (un-sin-a' -turn) [uncinatus, hooked]. 
 The unciform bone. 
 
 Uncipressure (un'-sip-resh-ur) [uncus; pres- 
 sure]. A method of arresting hemorrhage 
 by the use of two hooks dug into the sides 
 of the wound so as to compress the vessel. 
 
 Unction (unk' -shun) [uncture]. 1. The act of 
 anointing. 2. An ointment. 
 
 Unctuous (unk'-tu-us) [uncture]. Greasy; oily. 
 
 Uncture (unk'-tur) [unguent]. An unguent. 
 
 Uncus (ung'-kus) [L.]. 1. A hook. 2. The 
 hook-like anterior extremity of the uncinate 
 gyrus of the brain. 
 
 Undulant (un'-du-lant) [unda, a wave]. Char- 
 acterized by fluctuations. U. Fever. See 
 Fever, Mediterranean. 
 
 Undulation (un-du-la' -shun) [see Undulant], 
 A wave-like motion. 
 
UNDULATORY 
 
 1002 
 
 UNSTRIATED 
 
 Undulatory {un'-du-lat-or-e) [see Undulanf]. 
 Moving like waves; vibratory. 
 
 Ungual (un'-gwal) {unguis'], i. Pertaining to 
 a nail. 2. Resembling a nail in size, as the 
 ungual bone (the lacrimal bone). 
 
 Unguent {un'-gwent). See Unguentum. 
 
 Unguentine {un'-gwen-ten). An alum and 
 petroleum ointment containing 2 % of phenol 
 
 * and 5 % of ichthyol. 
 
 Unguentum {un-gwen' -turn) [L.]. 1. An oint- 
 ment. 2. See U. simplex. U. acidi tannici, 
 ointment of tannic acid; tannic acid, 20 Gm.; 
 glycerol, 20 Gm.; unguentum, 60 Gm. U. 
 Crede, soluble silver 15 %, incorporated in lard 
 and 10 % of wax added. It is scented with 
 benzoinated ether; used in treatment of septic 
 diseases. U. durum, an ointment base con- 
 sisting of paraffin (solid), 4 parts; wool-fat, 
 1 part; liquid paraffin, 5 parts; used for oint- 
 ments containing liquid antiseptics. U. hy- 
 drargyri. See Mercurial Ointment. U. hy- 
 drargyri dilutum, blue ointment; mercurial 
 ointment, 670 Gm., with petrolatum, 330 Gm. 
 U. iodi, iodin ointment; iodin, 4 Gm.; potas- 
 sium iodid, 4 Gm.; glycerol, 12 Gm.; benzoin- 
 ated lard, 80 Gm. U. molle, an ointment 
 base consisting of solid paraffin, 11 parts; 
 lanolin, 5 parts; and liquid paraffin, 34 parts. 
 U. potassii iodidi, ointment of potassium 
 iodid; potassium iodid, 10 Gm.; potassium 
 carbonate, 0.6 Gm.; water, 10 Gm.; ben- 
 zoinated lard, 80 Gm. U. simplex {un- 
 guentum, U. S. P.) consists of lard, 80 parts, 
 and wax 20 parts. U. stramonii. See 
 Stramonium Ointment. 
 
 Unguiculate (un-gwik' -u-ldt) [unguis]. Hav- 
 ing nails or claws. 
 
 Unguinal {un'-gwin-aV) [unguis]. Pertaining 
 to a nail or to the nails. 
 
 Unguis {un'-gwis) [L.]. 1. A nail. 2. The 
 lacrimal bone. 
 
 Ungula (un'-gu-lah) [L., "a claw"]. An 
 instrument for extracting a dead fetus from 
 the uterus. 
 
 Uni- (u-ne-) [unus, one]. A prefix denoting one. 
 
 Uniaxial iu-ne-aks' -e-aV) [uni-; axis]. Having 
 but one axis. 
 
 Unicamerate (u-ne-kam'-er-dt) [uni-; camera, 
 chamber]. Having but one cavity; unilocular. 
 
 Unicellular (u-ne-sei f -u-lar) [uni-; cellula, dim. 
 of cella, a cell]. Composed of but one ceil. 
 
 Uniceptor (u'^ne-sep-tor) [uni-; capere, to re- 
 ceive]. An antitoxin or receptor which has 
 only one uniting arm (viz., the haptophore 
 group). 
 
 Unicorn {u'-ne-korn) [uni-; cornu, horn]. Hav- 
 ing a single horn. 
 
 Unifilar iu-ne-fe' -lar) [uni-; filum-, a thread]. 
 Connected by one thread; furnished with one 
 filament. 
 
 Uniforate iu-nif '-o-rdt) [uni-; foratus, pierced]. 
 Having one opening. 
 
 Unilaminar, Unilaminate (u-ne-lam' '-in-ar ; 
 -at) [uni-; lamina, a layer]. Occurring in a 
 single layer. 
 
 Unilateral {u-ne-laf -er-al) [uni-; latus, side]. 
 Pertaining to or affecting but one side. 
 
 Unilobar, Unilobed {u-ne-lo' -bar , u'-ne-ldbd). 
 Furnished with one lobe. 
 
 Unilocular {u-ne-lok' -u-lar) [uni-; loculus, dim. 
 of locus, a place]. Having but one loculus 
 or cavity. 
 
 Uninuclear, Uninucleated {u-ne-nu'-kle-ar, 
 u-ne-nu' -kle-a-ted) [uni-; nucleus]. Having 
 but a single nucleus. 
 
 Uniocular {u-ne-ok' -u-lar) [uni-; oculus, eye]. 
 Pertaining to or performed with one eye. 
 
 Union {un'-yun). See under Healing. 
 
 Unipara {u-nip'-ar-ah) [uni-; parere, to bear]. 
 A woman who has borne but one child. 
 
 Uniparous {u-nip'-ar-us) [unipara]. Having 
 borne but one child. 
 
 Unipolar iu-ne-po' -lar) [uni-; polus, a pole]. 
 1. Having but one pole or process. 2. Per- 
 taining to one pole. 
 
 Unisexual {u-ne-seks'-u-al) [uni-; sexus, sex]. 
 Provided with the sexual organs of one sex 
 only. 
 
 Unit {u'-nit) [unus, one]. 1. A single thing; 
 a group considered as a whole or as forming 
 one of many similar groups composing a 
 more complex body. 2. A quantity with 
 which others are compared. U.s, Electric, 
 unit of capacity, the farad; unit of current, the 
 ampere; unit of electromotive force, the volt; 
 unit of power, the watt; unit of quantity, the 
 coulomb; unit of resistance, the ohm. U. 
 of Force, the dyne. U. of Heat, the cal- 
 ory. U. of Length U., of Volume, U. of 
 Weight. See under Weights and Measures. 
 U. of Light, the light of a standard candle, 
 i. e., a spermaceti candle burning 120 
 grains an hour. U., Physiologic, a term 
 used by Herbert Spencer to express a unit 
 between the chemic and the morphologic 
 units in complexity, and of an aggregation 
 of which units the body is composed, and 
 which represents the character of the species. 
 U., Serum-, U., Immunizing, according 
 to Behring, 1 Cc. of an antitoxic blood- 
 serum, of which 0.1 Cc. protects a guineapig 
 of 500 grams against ten times the fatal dose 
 of diphtheria toxin. U. of Work, the 
 erg. 
 
 Unitary {u r -nit-a-re) [unit]. 1. Pertaining to 
 or having the qualities of a unit. 2. Pertain- 
 ing to monsters having the organs of a single 
 individual. 
 
 Univalent {u-niv r -al-ent) [uni-; valere, to be 
 worth]. Having a valence of one; capable 
 of replacing a single hydrogen atom in com- 
 bination. 
 
 Unna's Dermatosis. Seborrhea. U.s Layer. 
 See Langerhans' Granular Layer. U.'s Pap- 
 illary Hair, a complete hair and hair-follicle. 
 U.'s Plasma-cells. See Cells, Plasma (1). 
 
 Unorganized {un-or' -gan-izd) . Without organs ; 
 not arranged in the form of an organ or organs. 
 
 Unpolarized (un-po r -lar-lzd). Not polarized. 
 
 Unschuld's Sign. A tendency to cramps in 
 the calf of the leg; it is an early sign in diabetes. 
 
 Unsex {un-seks'). To spay or castrate. 
 
 Unstriated {un-stri'-a-ted). Not striated, as 
 unstriated muscle. 
 
UNUNITED 
 
 1003 
 
 UREMIA 
 
 Ununited (un-u-ni'-ted). Not united, as an 
 ununited fracture. 
 
 Unwell, i. Ill; sick. 2. Menstruating. 
 
 Urachus (u'-ra-kus) [odpov, urine; zyjw, to 
 hold]. The allantoic stalk connecting in 
 the fetus the bladder with the allantois, 
 in after-life represented by a fibrous cord 
 passing from the apex of the bladder to the 
 umbilicus. U., Patent, a condition in which 
 the urachus of the embryo does not become 
 obliterated, but persists to adult life. 
 
 Uracrasia (u-rah-kra'-ze-ah). See Enuresis. 
 
 Ural, Uralium (u'-ral, u-ra'-le-um) [oupov, 
 urine]. Chloral-urethane, CCl 3 CH:OH.NH- 
 C0 9 C 2 H 5 , a hypnotic. Dose 10-20 gr. (0.65- 
 1.3 Gm.). 
 
 Uranalysis {u-ran-aV-is-is) . See Urinalysis. 
 
 Urane (u'-rdn). Uranium oxid; it is used to 
 give a yellow fluorescence to glass. 
 
 Uranic (u-ran'-ik). Containing uranium as a 
 hexad radicle. U. Acid, uranium trioxid. 
 
 Uranin (u'-ran-in). See Fluorescein-sodium. 
 
 Uraninite {u-ran' -in-lt) . Pitch-blende. 
 
 Uranisconitis (u-ran-is-ko-ni'-tis) [uraniscus; 
 ace, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
 uraniscus, or palate. 
 
 Uraniscoplasty (u-ran-is'-ko-plas-te) [uranis- 
 cus; -Xaooscv, to form]. A plastic operation 
 for the repair of cleft palate. 
 
 Uraniscorrhaphy (u-ran-is-kor'-a-fe) [uran- 
 iscus; pa<j)7), suture]. Suture of a palatal 
 cleft; staphylorrhaphy. 
 
 Uraniscus (u-ran-is'-kus) [oupaviotcoc, the roof 
 of the mouth]. The palate. 
 
 Uranism (u'-ran-izm) [Qupavoc, the Greek per- 
 sonification of heaven]. Sexual perversion 
 in which the desire is for individuals of the 
 same sex. 
 
 Uranium (u-ra'-ne-um) [Uranus]. A heavy 
 white metal. See Elements, Table of Chemic. 
 Its phosphate and nitrate are used as tests for 
 phosphoric acid. The salts are very poison- 
 ous. U. Acetate, (U0 2 )(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 + 2 H 2 0; 
 recommended in coryza in solution as nasal 
 douche. U. Ammoniunr Fluorid, U0 2 .F 2 - 
 4NH 4 .H 2 0, a greenish-yellow, crystalline pow- 
 der, used for the detection of roentgen-ravs. 
 U. Nitrate, (HN0 3 ) 2 U0 2 .6H 2 0, used in dia- 
 betes. Dose ^— § gr. (0.014-0.026 Gm.) twice 
 dailv in aqueous solution with saccharin. U. 
 Oxid, Red, U. Trioxid, U0 3 , a reddish 
 powder. Syn., Uranic acid. U. X, a radio- 
 active precipitate obtained from uranium 
 nitrate by means of ammonium carbo- 
 nate. 
 
 Uranoplasty (u' ' -ran-o-plas-te) . Same as Uran- 
 iscoplasty. 
 
 Uranoschism (11' -ran- o-skizm) [uraniscus; 
 oycofxa, a cleft]. Cleft palate. 
 
 Uranostaphyloplasty {u-ran-o-staf -il-o-plas-te) . 
 See Uraniscoplasty. 
 
 Uranyl (u'-ran-il). See Uranium. U. -am- 
 monium Fluorid. See Uranium-ammonium 
 Fluorid. 
 
 Urare, Urari (u-rak'-re). See Curara. 
 
 Urarize (u'-ra-riz). To bring under the in- 
 fluence of curara; curarize. 
 
 Urase {ii'-raz). An insoluble enzym associated 
 with the bacteria which ferment urea; it is 
 very plentiful in the urine in catarrh of the 
 bladder. 
 
 Urasol («' - rah - sol) . Acetylmethylene-disal- 
 icylic acid; an antiseptic, diaphoretic, and 
 uric-acid solvent. 
 
 Urate (u'-rdt) [oupov, urine]. A salt of uric acid. 
 
 Uratic (u-rat'-ik) [urate]. Pertaining to or 
 characterized by urates. U. Diathesis, a 
 condition in which there is a tendency to 
 the deposition of urates in the joints and 
 elsewhere ; a tendency to gout. 
 
 Uratolytic {u-rat-o - lit' - ik) [urate; Xuecv, 
 to loose]. Capable of dissolving urates. 
 
 Uratoma (u-ra-to'-mah) [urate; 6p.a, tumor]. 
 A concretion composed of urates, and oc- 
 curring chiefly about the joints; a tophus. 
 
 Uratosis {u-rat-o' -sis) [urate]. A morbid con- 
 dition marked by the deposit of urates. 
 
 Uraturia (u-rat-u'-re-ah) [urate; oupov, urine]. 
 A condition marked by an excess of urates 
 in the urine. 
 
 Urea (u-re'-ah) [oupov, urine], CO(NH 2 ) 2 . 
 The chief nitrogenous constituent of urine, 
 and principal end-product of tissue metamor- 
 phosis; it occurs also in the blood, the lymph, 
 and the liver. See Biuret, Schiff, Schroeder. 
 U. Quinate, a combination of urea and 
 quinic acid; used in the treatment of gout 
 and uric concrements in the kidneys. Daily 
 dose 30-80 gr. (2-5 Gm.) in 400 Cc. of hot 
 water. U. Salicylate, recommended as a 
 substitute for sodium salicylate. Dose 7 gr. 
 (0.45 Gm.) one to four times daily. 
 
 Ureal iu'-re-al) [urea]. Pertaining to or con- 
 taining urea. 
 
 Ureameter (u-re-am'-e-ter) [urea; pthpov, sl 
 measure]. An apparatus for determining the 
 amount of urea contained in a liquid. 
 
 Ureametry (u-re-am'-et-re) [ureameter]. The 
 determination of the amount of urea in a 
 liquid. 
 
 Urease (u'-re-dz). See Urase. 
 
 Urechysis (u-rek'-is-is) [odpov, urine; 'iKjuoc^, 
 an effusion]. An effusion of urine into 
 areolar tissue. 
 
 Urecidin {u-re-si' -din) . A proprietary prep- 
 aration of lemon-juice and lithia citrate for 
 use in gout and uric-acid diathesis. 
 
 Uredema (u-re-de' -mah) [oupov, urine; edema]. 
 Distention of tissues from extravasation of 
 urine. 
 
 Uredo (u-re'-do) [uredo, a blight]. 1. A genus 
 of fungi. 2. Urticaria. 
 
 Ureid (u'-re-id) [urea], A compound of urea 
 and an acid radicle. 
 
 Urelcosis (u-rel-ko'-sis) [oupov, urine; IXkojocc, 
 ulceration]. Ulceration of the urethra or 
 urinary organs. 
 
 Uremia (u-re'-me-ah) [oupov, urine; alp.a, 
 blood]. The symptoms due to the retention 
 in the blood of excrementitious substances 
 normally excreted by the kidneys; it is charac- 
 terized by headache, vertigo, vomiting, 
 amaurosis, convulsions, coma, sometimes 
 hemiplegia, and a urinous odor of the breath. 
 
UREMIC 
 
 1004 
 
 URETHREMPHRAXIS 
 
 Uremic (u-rem'-ik, u-re'-mik) [uremia]. Due 
 to or characterized by uremia. 
 
 Ureometer {u-re-om'-et-er). See Ureameter. 
 
 Ureometry {u-re-om'-et-re). See Ureametry. 
 
 Urerythrin. See Uroerythrin. 
 
 Uresiesthesis {u-res-e-es' -the- sis) [uresis; 
 aiodijacc, sensation]. Constant desire to 
 urinate. 
 
 Uresin . («' ' -re-sin). A citrourotropin dilithic 
 salt, useful as a uric-acid solvent. 
 
 Uresis {u-re'-sis) [ovp-qocc]. Same as Uri- 
 nation. 
 
 -met (u-ret) . A suffix denoting a binary com- 
 pound of carbon, sulfur, etc., with another 
 element; in modern chemistry the suffix -id 
 is used. 
 
 Ureter {u-re'-ter) [ovpt)TT)p, ureter]. The long, 
 narrow tube conveying the urine from the 
 pelvis of the kidney to the bladder. 
 
 Ureteral {u-re' -ter -al) [ureter]. Pertaining to 
 the ureter. 
 
 Ureteralgia {u-re-ter-aV-je-ah) [ureter; dXyog, 
 pain]. Neuralgic pain in the ureter. 
 
 Ureterectomy {u-re-ter-ek' -to-me) [ureter; h- 
 rofirj, excision]. Excision of a ureter. 
 
 Ureteric {u-re-ter' -ik) [ureter]. Pertaining to 
 the ureter. 
 
 Ureteritis {u-re-ter-i'-tis) [ureter; cue, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of a ureter. 
 
 Uretero- {u-re-ter-o- [ureter]. A prefix de- 
 noting relating to the ureter. 
 
 Ureterocervical {u-re-ter-o- ser' -vik-al). Re- 
 lating to or connecting the ureter and the 
 cervix uteri. 
 
 Ureterocystoneostomy {u-re-ter-o-sist-o-ne-os'- 
 to-me). See Uretero cyst ostomy. 
 
 Ureterocystoscope {u-re-ter-o- sist r -o- skop) . 
 An electric cystoscope holding in its grooved 
 wall a catheter for insertion into the ureter. 
 
 Ureterocy stostomy {u-re- ter-o - sis - tos'- to -me) 
 [uretero-; Kooxtg, bladder; ordfia, mouth]. The 
 surgical formation of a communication be- 
 tween a ureter and the bladder. 
 
 Ureteroenterostomy {u-re-ter-o-en-ter-os' -to- 
 me) [uretero-; 'ivrepov, bowel; ovbp.a, mouth]. 
 Surgical formation of a passage from a ureter 
 to the intestine. 
 
 Ureterolith {u-re f -ter-o-lith) [uretero-; X'cdoc, 
 stone]. Calculus in the ureter. 
 
 Ureterolithotomy {u-re-ter -o-liih-oV '-o-me) . In- 
 cision of the ureter for removal of a calcu- 
 lus. 
 
 Ureteroneocystostomy {u-re-ter-o-ne-o-sist-os'- 
 to-me). See Ureterocy stostomy. 
 
 Ureteroneopyelostomy {u-re-ter-o-ne-o-pi-el- 
 os'-to-me) [uretero-; vkog, new; nbeXog, trough; 
 OTofia, mouth]. Excision of part of a ureter 
 and implantation into a new aperture made 
 into the pelvis of the kidney, of the correspond- 
 ing orifice of the ureteral end. 
 
 Ureteronephrectomy {u-re-ter-o-nef-rek f -to-me) 
 [uretero-; vs<f)pbf, kidney; T0/i)j, cutting]. Re- 
 moval of the kidney and its ureter. 
 
 Ureteroproctostomy {u-re-ter-o-prok-tos' -to-me) 
 [uretero-; -KpoKzoc, anus; oxbp.a, mouth]. The 
 surgical formation of a passage from the ureter 
 to the anus. 
 
 Ureteropyelitis {u-re-ter-o-pi-el-i'-tis)- [uretero-; 
 pyelitis]. Inflammation of a ureter and the 
 pelvis of a kidney. 
 
 Ureteropyeloneostomy (u - re - ter-o- pi-el-o-ne- 
 os'-to-me). See Ureteroneopyelostomy. 
 
 Ureteropyelonephr itis {u - re-ter-o-pi - el- o -nef- 
 ri'-tis). Inflammation of the ureter and of 
 the kidney and its pelvis. 
 
 Ureteropyosis {u-re-ter-o-pi-o' -sis) [uretero-; py- 
 osis]. Purulent inflammation of the ureter. 
 
 Ureterorrhagia {u-re-ter-or-a'-je-ah) [uretero-; 
 pt]yvbvat, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from 
 the ureter. 
 
 Ureterorrhaphy {u-re-ter-or f -af-e) [uretero-; pa(fir], 
 suture]. Suture of the ureter. 
 
 Ureterostegnosis {u-re- ter - o- steg - no' - sis) 
 [uretero-; ozeyvcoocc, stenosis]. Stenosis or con- 
 striction of the ureter. 
 
 Ureterostenosis {u-re -ter- o-sten-o'- sis). See 
 Ureterostegnosis. 
 
 Ureterostoma {u-re-ter- o-sto'-mah) [uretero-; 
 oxbp.a, a mouth]. The renal or the cystic 
 opening or mouth of the ureter. 
 
 Ureterostomatic {u-re-ter-o-sto-mat'-ik). Re- 
 lating to the ureteral orifice. 
 
 Ureterostomy {u-re-ter-os' -to-me) [see Uretero- 
 stoma]. The formation of a ureteral fistula. 
 
 Ureterotomy {u-re-ter -oV '-o-me) [uretero-; Top.r h a 
 cutting]. Incision of the ureter. 
 
 Ureteroureteral {u-re-ter-o-u-re 1 '-ter-al) [ure- 
 ter]. Pertaining to both ureters, or to two 
 parts of one ureter. U. Anastomosis. See 
 Ureteroureterostomy. 
 
 Ureteroureterostomy {u- re - ter-o- u-re - ter - os'- 
 to-me) [uretero-; ureterostomy]. Surgical forma- 
 tion of a passage between the ureters or be- 
 tween different parts of the same ureter. 
 
 Ureterouterine {u-re -ter -o -u' -ter -in) [uretero-; 
 uterus]. Pertaining to the ureter and the 
 uterus. 
 
 Ureterovaginal {u-re-ter-o-vaj' -in-al) [uretero-; 
 vagina]. Pertaining to the ureter and the 
 vagina. 
 
 Urethane {u' -reth-an) [urea; ether]. i. 
 C 2 H 5 CH 2 N0 2 , ethyl carbamate. A hypnotic. 
 Dose 20-40 gr. (1.3-2.6 Gm.). 2. In a wider 
 sense, any ester of carbamic acid is called a 
 urethane. U., Ethyl. See Urethane (1). 
 
 Urethra {u-re'-ihrah) [ouprjdpa, urethra]. The 
 canal through which the urine is discharged,, 
 extending from the neck of the bladder to 
 the meatus urinarius. It is divided in the 
 man into the prostatic portion, the membra- 
 nous portion, and the spongy or penile portion, 
 and is from 8 to 9 inches long. In the wo- 
 man it is about 1^ inches in length. 
 
 Urethral {u-re'-thrat) [urethra]. Pertaining to 
 the urethra; produced in or arising from the 
 urethra, as urethral fever. U. Arthritis, 
 gonorrheal rheumatism. 
 
 Urethralgia {u-re-thraV -je-ah) [urethra; aXyoc, 
 pain]. Neuralgic pain in the urethra. 
 
 Urethrectomy {u - re- threk' -to-me) [urethra; 
 eKzofirj, excision]. Excision of a urethra or 
 a portion of it. 
 
 Urethremphraxis {u-re-threm-frak'-sis). See 
 Urethrophraxis. 
 
URETHREURYNTER 
 
 1005 
 
 URINACCELERATOR 
 
 Urethreurynter {u-re-thru-rin'-ter) [urethra; 
 edpvvecv, to dilate]. An appliance for di- 
 lating the urethra. 
 
 Urethrism {u'-re-thrizm) [urethra]. Urethral 
 irritability. 
 
 Urethritis {u-re-thri'-tis) [urethra; ntc, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the urethra. 
 U., Anterior, inflammation of the part 
 situated anterior to the anterior layer of the 
 triangular ligament. U., Posterior, inflam- 
 mation of the prostatic and membranous 
 portions. U., Simple, a nonspecific inflam- 
 mation of the urethra. U., Specific, that 
 due to the gonococcus; gonorrhea. 
 
 Urethro- {u-re-thro-) [ouprjdpa, urethra]. A 
 prefix denoting pertaining to the urethra. 
 
 Urethrobulbar {u-re-thro-bul'-bar). Relating 
 to the urethra and the bulb of the corpus 
 spongiosum. 
 
 Urethrocele {u-re' -thro-set) [urethro-; /c^.^, a her- 
 nia]. A protrusion of the wall of the female 
 urethra. 
 
 Urethrocystitis {u-re-thro-sis-W -tis) [urethro-; 
 cystitis]. Inflammation of the urethra and 
 bladder. 
 
 Urethrometer (u-re- throm' -et- er) [urethro-; 
 fihpov, a measure]. An instrument for de- 
 termining the caliber of the urethra or for 
 measuring the lumen of a stricture. 
 
 Urethropenile {u-re-thro-pe'-nit). Relating to 
 the urethra and the penis. 
 
 Urethroperineal {u-re-thro-per-in-e'-at). Re- 
 lating to the urethra and the perineum. 
 
 Urethroperineoscrotal {u-re-thro -per -in-e-o- 
 skro'-tal). Relating to the urethra, perineum, 
 and scrotum. 
 
 Urethrophraxis {u-re-thro-fraks' -is) [urethro-; 
 cf)pa$cc, a blocking]. Urethral obstruction. 
 
 Urethroplasty {u-re' - thro - plas - te) [urethro-; 
 TiXaooecv, to form]. Plastic operation upon 
 the urethra. 
 
 Urethrorectal {u-re-thro-rek'-tat). Relating to 
 the urethra and the rectum. 
 
 Urethrorrhagia {u-re-thror-a' -je-ah) [urethro-; 
 pf]jvuvac, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from 
 the urethra. 
 
 Urethrorrhaphy {u-re- thror' -af-e) [urethro-; 
 pa(f)T), suture]. Suturing of an abnormal 
 opening into the urethra. 
 
 Urethrorrhea {u-re-thror-e'-ah) [urethro-; pota, 
 a flow]. A morbid discharge from the ure- 
 thra. 
 
 Urethroscope {u - re' - thro - skop) [urethro-; 
 OKone'cv, to view]. An instrument for in- 
 specting the interior of the urethra. 
 
 Urethroscopy {u-re-thros'-ko-pe) [see Urethro- 
 scope]. Inspection of the urethra. 
 
 Urethrospasm {u - re' - thro - spazm) [urethro-; 
 071aop.bc, spasm]. A spasmodic stricture of 
 the urethra. 
 
 Urethrostenosis {u-re-thro-sten-o' -sis) [urethro-; 
 otevojocc, a constriction]. Stricture of the 
 urethra. 
 
 Urethrostomy {u-re- thros' -to- me) [urethro-; 
 oxbpa, a mouth]. Perineal section with per- 
 manent fixation of the membranous urethra 
 in the perineum. 
 
 Urethrotome {u-re' -thro-tom) [urethro-; rojirj, a 
 cutting]. An instrument used for performing 
 urethrotomy. 
 
 Urethrotomy {u-re-throf -o-me) [see Urethro- 
 tome]. The operation of cutting a stricture 
 of the urethra. U., External, division of a 
 stricture by an incision from without. U., 
 Internal, division of a urethral stricture 
 from within the urethra. 
 
 Urethroureteral {u-re-thro-u-re' -ter-al) [-urethro-; 
 ureter]. Relating to the urethra and the 
 ureter. 
 
 Urethrovaginal {u-re-thro-vaj' -in-at) [urethro-; 
 vagina]. Pertaining to the urethra and the 
 vagina. 
 
 Urethrovesical {u-re-thro-ves'-ik-al) [urethro-; 
 vesica, bladder]. Pertaining to the urethra 
 and the bladder. 
 
 Uretic {u-ret'-ik) [ouprjxcKoc]. i. Pertaining to 
 urine; stimulating the flow of urine. 2. An 
 agent or medicine that stimulates the flow of 
 urine. 
 
 Urgens' Reaction for Sulfocyanates in 
 Saliva. Add to the saliva a saturated solution 
 of hydriodic acid r part and starch-paste 5 
 parts; if sulfocyanates are present, a blue 
 tint appears. The sulfocyanates of potassium 
 and sodium normally present in saliva are 
 usually absent in chronic suppurative con- 
 ditions of the middle ear, and the progress 
 of the disease can be estimated by the presence 
 and extent of the reaction. 
 
 Uric Acid {u'-rik) [oupov, urine], C 5 H 4 N 4 3 . 
 A dibasic acid; one of the nitrogenous end- 
 products of metabolism. It is found in the 
 urine and in the spleen. Its accumulation in 
 the blood (lithemia, uricacidemia) is asso- 
 ciated with marked disturbances, and, accord- 
 ing to some writers, produces the phenomena 
 of gout. It may also form urinary calculi. 
 See Denige, Dietrich, Garrod, v. Jaksch, 
 Murexid, Schiff. 
 
 Uricacidemia {u-rik-as-id-e' -me-ah) [uric acid; 
 alpta, blood]. The presence of an excess of 
 uric acid in the blood; also the condition 
 associated with an excess of uric acid in the 
 blood, and characterized by various nervous 
 symptoms, and perhaps also responsible 
 for the phenomena of gout. 
 
 Uricedin {u-ris-e' -din) [uric acid]. A proprie- 
 tary remedy for gout, consisting of sodium 
 sulfate, sodium chlorid, sodium citrate, and 
 small quantities of the citrates and phosphates 
 of potassium and calcium. 
 
 Uricemia {u-re-se' -me-ah) . See Uricacidemia. 
 
 Uricometer {u-rik-om' -et-er) [uric acid; pkxpov, 
 a measure]. An apparatus for the quick 
 quantitative estimation of uric acid in urine. 
 
 Uridrosis {u-rid-ro' -sis) [urine; "cdpwc, sweat]. 
 The secretion of a sweat containing urea, 
 uric acid, or other urinary constituents which 
 may be deposited in crystalline form upon the 
 skin {uridrosis crystallina). 
 
 Urina {u-ri'-nah) [L.]. Urine. 
 
 Urinaccelerator {u-rin-ak-seV -er-a-tor) [urine; 
 accelerare, to accelerate]. The accelerator 
 urinae. See under Muscle. 
 
URINARY SEDIMENTS 
 
 1006 
 
 URINARY SEDIMENTS 
 
 m \ 
 
 * JoV"* ©° * 
 
 
 
 • I 
 
 
 
 Blood. 
 
 \W 
 
 Cystin. 
 
 ■»fU». 
 
 Calcium Carbonate. 
 
 f«C| 
 
 Hippuric Acid. 
 
 n 
 
 Calcium Oxalate. 
 
 
 * ^ 
 
 WXr^m 
 
 Indigo. 
 
 Calcium Phosphate. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Calcium Sulfate. 
 
 Leucin and Tyrosin. 
 
 W+& 
 
 Magnesium Phosphate. 
 
 Urinary Sediments. — (After Tyson, Holland, Casselman, Landois, Beale, and v. Jaksch.) 
 
URINARY SEDIMENTS 
 
 1007 
 
 URINARY SEDIMENTS 
 
 IE3 
 
 Phosphates, Triple. Ammonio- 
 magnesium Phosphate. 
 
 Pus. 
 
 £! 
 
 Cholesterin. 
 
 **•//*' 
 
 **# 
 
 *« 
 
 
 Urates of Sodium Ammonium, and Potassium. 
 
 
 Acid Fermentation. 
 
 Uric Acid. 
 
 Urea. 
 
 Blood-cast . 
 
 Epithelium. H y aline Casts - 
 
 Urinary Sediments.— (A fter Tyson, Holland, Casselman, Landois, Beak, and v. Jaksch.) 
 
URINAL 
 
 1008 
 
 URODYNIA 
 
 Urinal (u'-rin-al) [urine]. A vessel for receiving 
 urine. 
 
 Urinalysis (u-rin-aV -is-is) [urine; Xuocc, a 
 loosening]. Analysis of the urine. 
 
 Urinary (u'-rin-a-re) [urine]. Pertaining to the 
 urine. U. Organs, the organs concerned in 
 the secretion and excretion of the urine, in- 
 cluding the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and 
 urethra. U. Sediment, the deposit formed 
 after urine has been allowed to stand for some 
 hours in a vessel. 
 
 Urinate (u'-rin-at) [urine]. To discharge urine 
 from the bladder. 
 
 Urination (u-rin-a' -shun) [urine]. The act of 
 voiding urine. 
 
 Urine (u'-rin) [urina, urine]. The fluid ex- 
 creted by the kidneys. In health urine has 
 an amber color, a slightly acid reaction, a 
 faint odor, a saline taste, and a specific 
 gravity of about 1018. The average quantity 
 excreted in 24 hours is about 1200 Cc. or 40 oz., 
 of which about 62.5 Gm. are solids. Among 
 the solids, urea is the most important, of which 
 35 Gm. are excreted in the day. Other solid 
 constituents "are uric acid (0.75 Gm. in the 
 day), hippuric acid, creatinin, and other ex- 
 tractives, sodium chlorid, phosphates and 
 sulfates of calcium, magnesium, potassium, 
 and sodium. The most important abnormal 
 constituents present in disease are albumin, 
 sugar, blood, pus, acetone, diacetic acid, fat, 
 chyle, tube-casts, various cells, and bacteria. 
 
 Urinemia (u-rin-e 1 '-me-ah) [urine; alp.a, blood]. 
 The presence of urinary constituents in the 
 blood; uremia. 
 
 Uriniferous (u-rin-if'-er-us) [urine; ferre, to 
 bear]. Carrying or conveying urine, as uri- 
 niferous tubule. 
 
 Uriniparous (u-rin-ip' -ar-us) [urine; parere, to 
 produce]. Secreting urine. 
 
 Urino- (u-rin-o-) [urine]. A prefix denoting re- 
 lation to the urine. 
 
 Urinocryoscopy (u-rin-o-kri-os' -ko-pe) [urino-; 
 npuof, cold; okotcsIv, to examine]. Cryoscopy 
 applied to urine. 
 
 Urinogenital (u-rm-o-jen' -it-al) [urino-; ytvvav, 
 to produce]. Urogenital. 
 
 Urinoglucosometer (u-rin-o-glu-ko-som' -et-er) . 
 An apparatus for quantitative estimation of 
 glucose in the urine. 
 
 Urinology (u-rin-ol'-o-je). See Urology. 
 
 Urinometer (u-rin-om' -et-er) [urino-; fxerpov, a 
 measure]. A hydrometer for ascertaining the 
 specific gravity of urine. 
 
 Urinometry (u-rin-om' -et-re) [see Urinometer]. 
 The determination of the specific gravity of 
 the urine by means of the urinometer. 
 
 Urinoscopy (u-rin-o s' -ko-pe). See Uroscopy. 
 
 Urinose, Urinous (u'-rin-os, u'-rin-us) [urine]. 
 Having the characters of urine, as a urinose 
 odor. 
 
 Urisolvin (u-re-sol' -vin) . A compound of urea 
 and lithium citrate, a uric-acid solvent and 
 diuretic. 
 
 Urnism (urn'-izm). See Uranism. 
 
 Uro- (u-ro-) [oupov, urine]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to urine or uric acid. 
 
 Uroammoniac (u-ro-am-o'-ne-ak). Relating to 
 or containing uric acid and ammonia. 
 
 Uroazotometer (u-ro-az-ot-om' -et-er). An ap- 
 paratus for quantitative estimation of the 
 nitrogenous substances in urine. 
 
 Urobacillus (u ro-bas-il' -us) [uro-; bacillus]. 
 A bacillus occurring in urine. See under 
 Bacteria. 
 
 Urobilin (u-ro-biV -in) [uro-; bile], C 32 H 40 N 4 O 7 . 
 A yellowish-brown, amorphous pigment de- 
 rived from bilirubin. It is the principal pig- 
 ment of the urine, and is increased in febrile 
 and other conditions. See Gerhardt, Grin- 
 bert. U.- jaundice, a jaundice supposed to 
 be due to the presence of urobilin in the blood. 
 
 Urobilinogen (u-ro-bil-in' '-o-jen) . The sub- 
 stance from which urobilin is formed by 
 oxidation when urine is allowed to stand. 
 
 Urobilinuria (u-ro-bil-in-u'-re-ah) [urobilin; 
 urine]. The presence of an excess of urobilin 
 in the urine. 
 
 Urobromohematin (u-ro-bro-mo -hem' '-at -in), 
 CegB^NgFegOgg. A coloring matter found in 
 the urine of leprous patients; it is closely 
 allied to the coloring-matter of the blood. 
 
 Urocanin (u-ro-kan' -in) . See under Urocaninic 
 Acid. 
 
 Urocaninic Acid (u-ro-kan-in' -ik) [uro-; canis, 
 a dog], C 6 H 6 N 2 C> 2 + 2H 2 0. An acid found in 
 the urine of dogs when there is a diminution 
 in the amount of urea. By heating it is de- 
 composed into carbonic acid, water, and a 
 base, urocanin, C n H 10 N 4 O. 
 
 Urocele (u'-ro-sel) [uro-; k^Xtj, a tumor]. A 
 swelling of the scrotum from extravasation 
 of urine. 
 
 Urocheras (u-rok'-er-as) [uro-; x £ P^C, sand]. 
 The sandy substance deposited from standing 
 urine. 
 
 Urochesia (u-ro-ke'-ze-ah) [uro-; xK ecv ) to 
 defecate]. Discharge of urine through the anus. 
 
 Urochrome (u'-ro-krom) [uro-; ip(bp.a, color]. 
 A yellow coloring-matter found in urine. 
 
 Uroclepsia (u-ro-klep'-se-ah) [uro-; Kk<pca, 
 theft]. Unconscious discharge of urine. 
 
 Urocrisis (u-rok' -ris-is) [uro-; crisis]. 1. A 
 disease crisis attended with excessive urination. 
 2. Diagnosis by examination of the urine. 
 
 Urocriterion (u-ro-kri-te' -re-on) . In diagnosis 
 by inspection of urine, the indication which 
 determines the diagnosis. 
 
 Urocyanin (u-ro-si' -an-in) . See Uroglaucin. 
 
 Urocyanogen (u-ro-si-an' -o-jen) [uro-; wjavoc, 
 blue]. A blue pigment found in urine. 
 
 Urocyanose (u-ro-si' -an-os). See Urocyanogen. 
 
 Urocyanosis (u-ro-si-an-o' -sis) [uro-; nuavoc, 
 blue]. Blue discoloration of the urine from 
 the presence of indican. 
 
 Urocyst, Urocystis (u'-ro-sist, u-ro-sist' -is) 
 [uro-; kuoxcc, bladder]. The urinary bladder. 
 
 Urodialysis (u-ro-di-aV -is-is) [uro-; ocaXoocg, 
 a cessation]. Partial and temporary cessation 
 of the secretion of urine. 
 
 Urodochium (u-ro-do-ki'-um) [uro-; do%dov, 
 receptacle]. A urinal. 
 
 Urodynia (u-ro-din'-e-ah) [uro-; oduvf], pain]. 
 Painful micturition. 
 
UROERYTHRIN 
 
 1009 
 
 UROSPECTRIN 
 
 Uroerythrin {u-ro-er' -ith-rin) [uro-; ipudpoc, 
 red]. An amorphous, reddish pigment with 
 an acid reaction, occurring in the urine in 
 rheumatic and other diseases. 
 
 Urofuscohematin (u-ro-fus-ko-hem 1 '-at-in) [uro-; 
 fuscus, dark; hematin]. A red pigment 
 derived from hematin, occurring in the urine. 
 
 Urogaster (u'-ro-gas-ter) [uro-; yaor^p, stomach]. 
 The urinary intestine or urinary passages 
 collectively. 
 
 Urogenital {u-ro-jen' -it-al) [uro-; genital]. Per- 
 taining to the urinary and genital organs. 
 U. Ducts. See Ducts of Mutter. U. Sinus, 
 the anterior part of the cloaca, into which the 
 urogenital ducts open. 
 
 Urogenous (u-roj'-en-us)) [uro-; yewdv, to pro- 
 duce]. Producing urine. 
 
 Uroglaucin (u-ro-glaw'-sin) [uro-; yXauKoc, 
 green]. A blue pigment, at times occurring 
 in urine, as in scarlatina, and supposed to 
 result from the oxidation of a chromogen. 
 
 Uroglycosis (u-ro-gli-ko'-sis) [uro-; yXunuc, 
 sweet]. Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 Urogravimeter (u-ro - grav - irn' - et- er) . See 
 Urinometer. 
 
 Urohematin (u-ro-hem' -at-in) [uro-; hematin]. 
 Altered hematin in the urine. 
 
 Urohematoporphyrin (u-ro-hem-at-o-por'-fir- 
 in) [urohematin; nopfapoc, purple]. Uro- 
 hematin; a urinary pigment occasionaUy 
 occurring in the urine in certain pathologic 
 states. 
 
 Urol (u'-rol). See Urea Quinate. 
 
 Urolith (u'-ro-lith) [uro-; X'tQoc, a. stone]. A 
 calculus occurring in the urine. 
 
 Urolithiasis (u-ro-lith-i' -a-sis) [uro-; lithiasis]. 
 The presence of or a condition associated 
 with urinary calculi. 
 
 Urolithology (u-ro-lith-oV -o-je) {urolith; Xoyoc, 
 science]. The science of urinary calculi. 
 
 Urology (u-roV -o-je) [uro-; Xoyoc, science]. The 
 study of the urine. 
 
 Urolutein (u-ro-lu' -te-in) [uro-; luteus, yellow]. 
 A yellow pigment sometimes found in urine. 
 
 Urolytic (u-ro-lit'-ik) [uro-; Xbecv, to loose]. 
 Capable of dissolving urinary calculi. 
 
 Uromelanin (u-ro-meV -an-in) [uro-; melanin]. 
 A black pigment sometimes found in the urine, 
 derived from the decomposition of uro- 
 chrome. 
 
 Uromelus (u-rom' -e-lus) [oupd, tail; piXoc, a 
 limb]. A monster in which there is more or 
 less complete fusion of the limbs, with but 
 a single foot. • 
 
 Urometer (u-rom' -et-er). See Urinometer. 
 
 Uromphalus {u-rom' -fal-us) [urachus; opcfraXbc, 
 navel]. Protrusion of the navel caused by 
 infiltration of urine due to a patent urachus. 
 
 Uroncus (u-rong'-kus) [uro-; bfnoc, tumor]. 
 A tumor containing urine. 
 
 Urophan (u' -ro-fan) [uro-; cbafoecv, to appear]. 
 A generic name for substances which, taken 
 into the body, appear again unchanged chem- 
 ically in the urine. 
 
 Urophanic (u-ro-fan'-ik) [see Urophan]. Ap- 
 pearing in the urine. 
 
 Urophein (u-ro- fe> -in) [uro-; <fia<6c, gray]. A 
 65 
 
 pigment body to which the characteristic odor 
 of the urine has been ascribed. 
 
 Uropherin (u-rof -er-in). Lithiotheobromin 
 salicylate; a white powder, soluble in water, 
 used as a diuretic. Dose 15 gr. (1 Gm..) 
 Syn., Lithium diuretin. U. Benzoate, Li- 
 C 7 H 7 N 4 2 + LiC 6 H 5 C0 2 , theobromin and 
 lithium benzoate, a fine white powder con- 
 taining 50% of theobromin; it is a diuretic 
 and nerve stimulant. U. Salicylate, LiC 7 - 
 H 7 N 4 2 + LiC 7 H 5 3 , theobromin and lithium 
 salicylate, a white powder used as the benzoate. 
 
 Uropittin (u-ro-pif -in) [uro-; Tzhra, pitch], 
 C 9 H 10 N 2 O 3 . A nitrogenous derivative of 
 urochrome. 
 
 Uroplania (u-ro-pla' -ne-ah) [uro-; xXavr), a 
 wandering]. The presence of urine in other 
 localities than the urinary organs; the dis- 
 charge of urine from an abnormal orifice. 
 
 Uropoiesis- (u-ro-poi-e'-sis) [uro-; nociscv, to 
 make]. The secretion of the urine by the 
 kidneys. 
 
 Uropoietic (u-ro-poi-et'-ik) [see Uropoiesis]. 
 Concerned in uropoiesis. 
 
 Uropsammus (u-rop-sam'-us) [uro-; (pa/xptoc, 
 sand]. Urinary gravel. 
 
 Urorhodin (u-ro-ro'-din) [uro-; pooo\,, rose]. 
 A red pigment found in urine and derived 
 from uroxanthin. 
 
 Urorosein (u-ro-ro' -ze-in) [uro-; rosa, rose]. A 
 rose-colored pigment found in the urine in 
 various diseases. 
 
 Urorrhagia (u-ror-a' -je-ah) [uro-; pyyvuvac, to 
 burst forth]. Excessive secretion and dis- 
 charge of urine. 
 
 Urorrhea iu-ror-e' -ah) [uro-; poea, a flow]. 
 1. The normal flow of urine. 2. Involuntary 
 passage of urine. 
 
 Urorubin (u-ro-ru' -bin) [uro-; ruber, red]. 
 A red pigment obtained by treating urine 
 with hydrochloric acid, and also in the prepa- 
 ration of uropittin. 
 
 Urorubrohematin (w - ro- ru - bro - hem' -at- in). 
 See Urobromohematin. 
 
 Urosacin (u-ro'-sas-in). See Urorhodin. 
 
 Uroscheocele (u-ros'-ke-o-scl). See Urocele. 
 
 Uroschesis (u-ros'-kes-is) [uro-; oyeacc, re- 
 tention]. Suppression of urine. 
 
 Uroscopist iu-ros' -ko-pist) [see Uroscopy]. One 
 who makes a specialty of urinary examinations. 
 
 Uroscopy iu-ros' -ko-pe) [uro-; oko-$~cv, to view]. 
 Examination of the urine. 
 
 Urosepsis (u-ro-sep'-sis) [uro-; of]<J>ic, sepsis]. 
 The condition of intoxication due to the 
 extravasation of urine. 
 
 Uroseptic (u-ro-sep'-tik) [see Urosepsis]. Re- 
 lating to or characterized by urosepsis. 
 
 Urosin (u'-ro-sin). Lithium quinate, a uric- 
 acid solvent. Dose 7^ gr. (0.48 Gm.) 6 to 10 
 times daily. 
 
 Urosis (u-ro'-sis) [uro-; voooc, disease]. Any 
 disease of the urinary organs. 
 
 Urospasm (u'-ro-spazm) [uro-; o7:aop.6c, spasm]. 
 Spasm of some part of the urinary tract. 
 
 Urospectrin (u-ro-spek'-trin). A pigment sim- 
 ilar to hematoporphyrin obtained from normal 
 urine by shaking the urine with acetic ether. 
 
UROSTEALITH 
 
 1010 
 
 UTEROCOLIC 
 
 Urostealith {u-ro-ste' -al-ith) [uro-; ozeap, fat; 
 Xcdog, stone]. A fat-like substance occurring 
 in some urinary calculi. 
 
 Urosteatoma {u-ro-ste-at-o' -mah) . See Uro- 
 stealith. 
 
 Urotheobromin {u-ro-the-o-bro'-min). SeePara- 
 xanthin. 
 
 Urotoxic {u-ro-toks' -ik) [uro-; ro£ac6i>, poison], 
 i. Pertaining to poisonous substances elim- 
 inated in the urine. 2. Pertaining to poison- 
 ing by urine or some of its constituents. 
 U. Coefficient, the number of urotoxies 
 formed in 24 hours by one kilogram of an 
 individual. The normal urotoxic coefficient 
 in man is about Q.4, i. e., a man produces 
 for each kilogram of body-weight 0.4 urotoxies, 
 or sufficient poison to kill 400 Gm. of animal. 
 
 Uro toxicity {u-ro-toks-is' -it-e) . The toxic qual- 
 ity of urine. 
 
 Urotoxy {u'-ro-toks-e) [see Urotoxic; pi., uro- 
 toxies]. The unit of toxicity of urine — the 
 amount necessary to kill a kilogram of living 
 substance. 
 
 Urotropin {u-rot'-ro-pin), (CH 2 ) 6 N 4 , hexa- 
 methylentetramin; obtained by action of 
 formaldehyd on ammonia. A uric-acid sol- 
 vent. Daily dose 8-30 gr. (0.5-2.0 Gm.). 
 U. Quinate, used in gout and as a uric-acid 
 solvent. 
 
 Uroxanthin {u-ro-zan' -thin) [uro-; ^avdog, yel- 
 low]. A yellow pigment occurring in human 
 • urine and yielding indigo-blue on oxidation. 
 
 Uroxin {u-roks'-in). Same as Alloxantin. 
 
 Urozemia {u-ro-ze' -me-ali) [uro-; (juita, loss]. 
 Diabetes. U. albuminosa, Bright's disease. 
 U. mellita, diabetes mellitus. 
 
 Urrhodin {u'-rod-in). See Urorhodin. 
 
 Ursal (ur'-sal). See Urea Salicylate. 
 
 Ursin (ur'-sin). See Arbutin. 
 
 Urtica (ur'-tik-ah) [L.]. Nettle. 1. A genus 
 of plants of the order Urticacece. U . dioica, 
 the common nettle, and U. urens, the dwarf 
 nettle, are used as diuretics, local irritants, 
 and hemostatics. 2. A wheal. 
 
 Urticaria {ur-tik-a' -re-ah) [urtica]. ' A disease 
 of the skin characterized by the development 
 of wheals, which give rise to sensations of 
 burning and itching. They appear suddenly 
 in large or small numbers, remain for from 
 a few minutes to several hours, and disappear 
 suddenly. The disease may be acute or 
 chronic, and is due to agencies acting upon 
 the vasomotor system, such as gastrointestinal 
 disorders, the ingestion of certain foods, as 
 shell-fish, strawberries, etc. Syn., Hives; Net- 
 tlerash. U. bullosa, a form characterized by 
 the formation of bullas. U. evanida, a form 
 marked by sudden vanishing and reappearance 
 of the symptoms. U. factitia, U., Fac- 
 titious, the form produced in individuals 
 with an irritable skin by any slight external 
 irritation. Syn., Dermographia; Dermog- 
 raphism. U., Giant, U. gigans. See 
 U. cedematosa. U. hemorrhagica, purpura 
 urticans, a variety characterized by hemor- 
 rhage into the wheals from rupture of the 
 extremely congested capillaries; it is regarded 
 
 as a variety of erythema multiforme. U. 
 medicamentosa, a variety due to the use 
 of certain drugs. U. cedematosa, giant urti- 
 caria, a variety characterized by the sudden 
 appearance of large, soft, edematous swellings 
 of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which 
 may measure several inches in diameter. U. 
 papulosa, a form occurring in children, 
 in which, as a result of the inflammatory 
 effusion, a small, solid papule remains 
 after the subsidence of the wheal. Syn., 
 Lichen urticatus. U. pigmentosa, a rare 
 type which begins within the first few months 
 of life and consists of large, reddish, wheal- 
 like tubercles that eventually change to a 
 brownish-red or yellowish color. U. tube- 
 rosa, a form in which the wheals assume a 
 tuberous form and become very large — as big 
 as a walnut, hen's egg, or even larger. U. 
 vesiculosa, urticaria characterized by the 
 presence of vesicles. 
 
 Urticarial, Urticarious {ur-tik-a' '-re-al, ur-tik- 
 a'-re-us) [urticaria]. Pertaining" to urti- 
 caria. 
 
 Urtication {ur-tik-a' -shun) [urtica]. 1. Flagel- 
 lation with nettles, a method of treatment 
 formerly employed in paralysis and to produce 
 local irritation. 2. A sensation as if one had 
 been stung by nettles. 
 
 Uskow's Piilars. In the embryo, two folds 
 or ridges which grow from the dorsolateral 
 region of the body-wall and unite with the 
 septum transversum to form the diaphragm. 
 
 Ustilago {us-til-a' -go) [L.]. A genus of para- 
 sitic fungi— the smuts. U. maydis, corn- 
 smut, is a fungus parasitic upon maize or 
 Indian corn. In properties it resembles 
 ergot of rye. 
 
 Ustion {us'-chun) [ustio; urere, to burn]. A 
 burning. In chemistry, incineration. In sur- 
 gery, cauterization. 
 
 Ustulation {us-tu-la' -shun) [L., ustulatio]. 
 The act of roasting, drying, or parching. 
 
 Ustus {us'-tus) [urere, to burn]. Calcined; 
 burned. 
 
 Usure {u'-zhur) [uti, to use]. Circumscribed 
 atrophy of a part or organ through pressure 
 of neoplasms which have developed from it, 
 of aneurysms, or through primary fatty de- 
 generation. 
 
 Utend. {u'-tend). Abbreviation of utendus, to 
 be used. 
 
 Uteralgia {u-ter-al '-je-ah) [uterus; aXyoc, pain]. 
 Pain in the uterus. , 
 
 Uterine {u'-ier-in) [uterus]. Pertaining to the 
 uterus. 
 
 Uterism {u'-ter-izm). Uteralgia. 
 
 Uteritis {u-ter-i'-tis). See Metritis. 
 
 Utero- {u-ter-o-) [uterus]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to the uterus. 
 
 Uteroabdominal {u-ter-o-ab-dom' -in-al) [uterus; 
 abdomen]. Pertaining to the uterus and the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Uterocervical {u-ter-o-ser'-vik-al). Relating to 
 the uterus and the cervix of the uterus. 
 
 Uterocolic {u-ter-o-kol'-ik). Relating to the 
 uterus and the colon. 
 
UTEROFIXATION 
 
 1011 
 
 UVULITIS 
 
 Uterofixation {ti-ter-o-fiks-a r -shun). See Hys- 
 teropexy. 
 
 Uterogastric {u-ter-o-gas'-trik). Relating to 
 the uterus and the stomach. 
 
 Uterogestation {u-ter-o-jes-ta' -shun) [utero-; 
 gestatio, gestation]. Gestation within the 
 cavity of the uterus. 
 
 Uterointestinal {u-ter-o-in-tes' -tin-al). Re- 
 lating to the uterus and the intestine. 
 
 Uteroovarian {u -ter-o-o- va' -re- an) [utero-; 
 ovary]. Pertaining to the uterus and the 
 ovaries. 
 
 Uteropexia, Uteropexy {u-ter-o-peks' -e-ah, 
 u'-ter-o-peks-e). See Hysteropexy. 
 
 Uteroplacental {u-ter-o-pla-sen' -taV) [utero-; 
 placenta]. Pertaining to the uterus and the 
 placenta. 
 
 Uterorectal {u-ter-o-rek' '-tat) . Relating to the 
 uterus and the rectum. 
 
 Uterosacral {u-ter-o-sa' -kral) [utero-; sacrum]. 
 Pertaining to the uterus and the sacrum. 
 
 Utero tomy {u-ter-of -o-me) . See Hysterotomy. 
 
 Uterotonic {u-ter-o-ton'-ik). Supplying mus- 
 cular tone to the uterus. 
 
 Uterotractor {u-ter-o-trak' -tor) [utero-; trahere, 
 to draw]. A variety of forceps having several 
 teeth on each blade employed in making 
 traction on the cervix uteri. 
 
 Uterovaginal {u-ter-o-vaf-in-aT). Relating to 
 the uterus and vagina. 
 
 Uteroventral {u-ter-o-venf -ral) [utero-; venter, 
 the belly]. Relating to the uterus and the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Uterovesical {u-ter-o-ves'-ik-al). Relating to 
 the uterus and the bladder. 
 
 Uterus {u'-ter-us) [L.]. The womb; the organ 
 of gestation, receiving the ovum in its cavity, 
 retaining and supporting it during the devel- 
 opment of the fetus, and becoming the prin- 
 cipal agent in its expulsion during parturi- 
 tion. It is a pear-shaped, muscular organ, 
 three inches long, two inches wide, and one 
 inch thick, and is divided into three portions — 
 the fundus, the body, and the cervix. The 
 fundus is the upper and broad portion; the 
 body gradually narrows to the neck, which is 
 the contracted portion. The orifice, os uteri, 
 communicates with the vagina. The inner 
 surface is covered with mucous membrane 
 continuous with that of the vagina. The outer 
 surface of the fundus and body is covered with 
 peritoneum. The whole organ is suspended 
 in the pelvis by means of the broad ligaments. 
 The fallopian tubes enter, one on each side 
 of the fundus, at the cornua of the organ. U. 
 bicornis, a uterus divided into two horns 
 or compartments on account of an arrest of 
 development. U., Bifid. See U. septus. U. 
 b if oris, one in which the external os is divided 
 anteroposteriorly by a septum. U. bilocu- 
 laris,U., Bipartite. See U. septus. U. cordi- 
 formis, a heart-shaped uterus, a form due 
 to faulty development. U. didelphys. See 
 U. duplex. U. duplex, a uterus that is 
 double from failure of the mullerian ducts 
 to. unite. U., Fetal, one of defective develop- 
 ment, in which the length of the cervical 
 
 canal exceeds the length of the cavity of the 
 body. U., Gravid, a pregnant uterus. U. 
 masculinus, a small culdesac situated at the 
 middle of the highest portion of the crest of 
 the urethra. It is the analog of the uterus of the 
 female. Syn, Prostatic vesicle; Sinus pocu- 
 laris; Utricle. U. septus, a uterus divided in- 
 ternally by a septum into two halves, more or 
 less complete, anteroposteriorly. U. uni- 
 cornis, a uterus having but a single lateral 
 half with usually only one fallopian tube; 
 it is the result of faulty development. 
 
 Utricle {u'-trik-l) [utriculus, dim. of uter, a 
 small bag], i. A delicate membranous sac 
 communicating with the semicircular canals 
 of the ear. 2. The uterus masculinus. 
 
 Utricular {u-trik' -u-lar) [utricle]. 1 . Pertaining 
 to the utricle. 2. Shaped like a bladder. 
 
 Utriculitis {u-trik-u-W -tis) . Inflammation of 
 the utricle. 
 
 Utriculus {u-trik' -u-lus). See Utricle. U. 
 hominis. See Uterus masculinus. 
 
 Utriform {u'-tre-form) [uter, bag; forme, form]. 
 Bladder-shaped. 
 
 Uva {u'-vah) [L.]. A grape. U. ursi, the 
 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, or bearberry, of the 
 order Ericaceae. Its leaves {uva ursi, U. S. 
 P.; uvaz ursi folia, B. P.) contain a bitter, 
 crystalline glucosid, arbutin, C ]2 H l5 7 , split- 
 ting up into glucose and hydroquinone, 
 C 6 H 6 2 . Uva ursi is astringent and tonic, 
 and is used in chronic nephritis, pyelitis, 
 cystitis, incontinence of urine, gleet, leukor- 
 rhea, etc. Dose 20 gr.-i dr. (1.3-4.0 Gm.). 
 U. ursi, Extract of. Unof. Dose 15-30 gr. 
 (1-2 Gm.). U. ursi, Fluidextract of 
 {fluidextr actum uva ursi, U. S. P.). Dose 1 
 dr. (4 Cc). U. ursi, Infusion of {infusum 
 uvce ursi, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. (32-64 Cc). 
 
 Uvea {u'-ve-ah) [uva]. The pigmented layer of 
 the eye, comprising the iris, ciliary body, 
 and choroid. 
 
 Uveal {u'-ve-al) [uvea]. Pertaining to the uvea. 
 
 Uveitis {u-ve-i' -tis) [uvea; exec, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the uvea. 
 
 Uvula {uv'-u-lah) [L.]. The conic appendix 
 hanging from the free edge of the soft palate 
 and formed by muscles (azygos uvulae, levator 
 and tensor palati), mucous membrane, and 
 connective tissue. U. of the Cerebellum, 
 a small lobule of the inferior vermis of the cere- 
 bellum, forming the posterior boundary of the 
 fourth ventricle. U., Vesical, a prominence 
 at the internal orifice of the urethra. 
 
 Uvulaptosis, Uvuloptosis {uv-u-la-to'-sis, uv-u- 
 lo-to'-sis) [uvula; raihocc, falling]. A relaxed 
 and pendulous condition of the uvula. 
 
 Uvular {uv'-u-lar) [uvula]. Pertaining to the 
 uvula. 
 
 Uvularis {uv-u-la! -ris) [uvula]. The azygos 
 uvulae muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Uvulatome {uv' -u-lat-om) [see Uvulatomy]. 
 An instrument used in performing uvulatomy. 
 
 Uvulatomy {uv-u-laf -o-me) [uvula; tojj.7), a cut- 
 ting]. The operation of cutting off the uvula. 
 
 Uvulitis {iiv-u-li' -tis) [uvula; crcc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the uvula. 
 
1012 
 
 VAGINOPEXY 
 
 V. i. Abbreviation of vision or acuity of vision. 
 2. The symbol of vanadium. 
 
 Vaccigenous (yak-si]' -en-us) [vaccine; yevvav, 
 to produce]. Producing or cultivating vac- 
 cine virus. 
 
 Vaccina (vak-si'-nah). See Vaccinia. 
 
 Vaccinal iyak' -sin-al) [vaccine]. Pertaining to 
 vaccination or to vaccine. 
 
 Vaccinate (yak' -sin-at) [vaccine], i. To in- 
 oculate with the virus of vaccinia. 2. To in- 
 oculate with any virus in order to produce 
 immunity against an infectious disease. 
 
 Vaccination (yak-sin-a' -shun) [vaccinate]. 1. 
 Inoculation with the virus of cowpox in order 
 to protect against smallpox. 2. Inoculation 
 with any virus to produce immunity against 
 an infectious disease. 
 
 Vaccinator (yak' -sin-a-tor) [vaccinate]. One 
 who vaccinates. 
 
 Vaccine {yak' -sen) [vacca, a cow]. 1. The 
 virus used in performing vaccination. 2. Any 
 substance used for preventive inoculation. V., 
 • Bovine, that derived from the cow. V., 
 Humanized, that from vaccinal vesicles of 
 man. V. Lymph, V. Virus. See Vaccine. 
 
 Vaccinella (vak- sin-el' -ah) [vaccinia]. Spu- 
 rious vaccinia. 
 
 Vaccinia {yak-sin' -e-ah) [vacca, a cow]. Cow- 
 pox, a contagious disease of cows transmissible 
 to man by vaccination and conferring im- 
 munity against smallpox. In the human 
 subject inoculated with cowpox a small 
 papule appears at the site of inoculation in 
 from one to three days, which becomes a 
 vesicle about the fifth day, and at the end of 
 the first week is pustular, umbilicated, and 
 surrounded by a red areola. Desiccation 
 begins in the second week and a scab forms, 
 which soon falls off, leaving a white, pitted 
 cicatrix. 
 
 Vacciniola (yak-sin-i' -o-lah) [dim. of vaccinia]. 
 A secondary eruption, sometimes following 
 vaccinia, and resembling the eruption of 
 smallpox. 
 
 Vaccinism (yak'-sin-izm). The theory of the 
 efficacy of vaccination. 
 
 Vaccinium (yak-sin' -e-um) [L., "blueberry"]. 
 A genus of plants to which belong the cran- 
 berry, blueberry, bilberry, etc., of many spe- 
 cies. V . crassijolium is used in catarrhal 
 inflammations of the urinary tract. V. myr- 
 tillus, the bilberry, is indigenous to Europe, 
 
 syphilis]. Syphilis conveyed by vaccination 
 with contaminated virus. 
 
 Vacuolar (yak'-u-o-lar) [vacuole]. Pertaining 
 to or of the nature of a vacuole. 
 
 Vacuolated, (yak'-u-o-la-ted). Of a cell, con- 
 taining one or more vacuoles. 
 
 Vacuolation (yak-u-o-la' -shun) [vacuole]. The 
 formation of vacuoles; the state of being 
 vacuolated. 
 
 Vacuole (yak'-u-ol) [vacuus, empty]. A clear 
 space filled with air or fluid in the interior 
 of a cell. 
 
 Vacuum (vak'-u-um) [L.]. A space from which 
 the air has been exhausted. 
 
 Vagabond's Disease. Parasitic melanoderma, 
 a pigmentation of the skin from chronic 
 irritation by pediculi. 
 
 Vagal (ya'-gal) [vagare, to wander]. Pertaining 
 to the vagus nerve. 
 
 Vagina (va-ji'-nah) [L.]. 1. A sheath. 2. The 
 musculomembranous canal extending from 
 the vulvar opening to the cervix uteri, in- 
 sheathing the latter and the penis during 
 copulation. V. cordis, the pericardium. 
 V. femoris, the fascia lata. 
 
 Vaginal (yaj'-in-al) [vagina]. 1. Pertaining 
 to or of the nature of a sheath, as the vaginal 
 tunic (tunica vaginalis of the testicle). 2. Per- 
 taining to the vagina. 
 
 Vaginalectomy (vaj - in - al - ek' -to -me). See 
 Vaginectomy (2). 
 
 Vaginalis (vaj-in-a'-lis) [vagina]. Vaginal. 
 
 Vaginalitis (vaj-in-al-i'-tis) [vaginalis, of a 
 sheath; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the tunica vaginalis of the testicle. 
 
 Vaginant (vaj'-in-ant) [vaginare, to sheath]. 
 Sheathing; vaginal. 
 
 Vaginate (vaj'-in-dt) [see Vaginant]. Sheathed. 
 
 Vaginectomy (vaj -in- ek' -to- me) [vagina; 
 iKTop.7j, excision]. 1. Excision of the vagina. 
 2. Excision of the tunica vaginalis. 
 
 Vaginigluteus (vaj-in-i-glu-te'-us) [vagina; 
 gluteus]. The tensor vaginae femoris. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Vaginismus (vaj-in-iz'-mus) [vagina]. Pain- 
 ful spasm of the vagina. 
 
 Vaginitis (vaj-in-i'-tis) [vagina; crcc, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of the vagina. 
 
 Vagino- (vaj-in-o-) [vagina]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to the vagina. 
 
 Vaginodynia (vaj-in-o-din'-e-ah) [vagino-; oduvrj, 
 pain]. Pain in the vagina. 
 
 and yields fruits which are dried for use in Vaginofixation (vaj-in-o-fiks-a'-shun) [vaginof- 
 ixation]. An operation whereby the vagina 
 is rendered immovable. 
 
 Vaginomycosis (vaj-in-o-mi-ko'-sis). My- 
 cosis affecting the vagina. 
 
 Vaginoperitoneal (vaj-in-o-per-it-o-ne'-al). 
 Relating to the vagina and the perito- 
 neum. 
 
 Vaginopexy (vaj'-in-o-peks-e) [vagino-; nfj^cc, 
 a fixing]. The preservation of the tunica 
 vaginalis which results from extraserous 
 
 decoction for diarrhea and leukoplakia; the 
 leaves are used in diabetes. An extract, 
 extractum myrtilli winternitzi, is a specific for 
 stomatitis and a prominent remedy for af- 
 fections of the mouth and tongue. Paint 
 the affected parts every hour. 
 
 Vaccinophobia (vak-sin-o-fo' -be-ah) [vaccine; 
 4>6ftoc, fear]. Morbid dread of vaccina- 
 tion. 
 
 Vaccinosyphilis (yak-sin-o-sif'-il-is) [vaccine; 
 
VAGINOSCOPE 
 
 1013 
 
 VALSUANI'S DISEASE 
 
 transplantation of the testicle in cases of 
 varicocele. 
 
 Vaginoscope (vaj'-in-o-skop) [vagino-; okotcs.1v, 
 to view]. A vaginal speculum. 
 
 Vaginoscopy (vaj-in-os* '-ko-pe) . Inspection of 
 the vagina. 
 
 Vaginotomy (vaj-in-ot'-o-me) [vagino-; rop.7), 
 section]. Incision of the vagina. 
 
 Vaginovesical (vaj-in-o-ves r -ik-al). See Vesi- 
 covaginal. 
 
 Vaginovulvar (vaj-in-o-vul'-var). See Vulvo- 
 vaginal. 
 
 Vagitus (ya-ji f -tus) [vagire, to cry]. The cry 
 of an infant. V. uterinus, the cry of a 
 child while still in the uterus. 
 
 Vagoaccessorius (va-go-ak-ses-o'-re-us). The 
 vagus and accessorius nerves considered as one. 
 
 Vagotomized (va-got'-om-lzd). Applied to an 
 animal in which the vagi nerves have been 
 severed intentionally. 
 
 Vagotomy (va-got'-o-me) [vagus; rofirj, a cut- 
 ting]. Division of the vagus nerve. 
 
 Vagus (va'-gus) [yagare, to wander]. The 
 pneumogastric nerve. See under Nerve. 
 V.-pneumonia, pneumonia following section 
 of the vagi in the lower animals, and due 
 to the aspiration of food into the air-passages. 
 
 Valence, Valency {y a' -lens, va'-len-se) [yalere, 
 to be worth]. The relative combining ca- 
 pacity of an atom compared with that of 
 the atom of hydrogen. 
 
 Valentin's Ganglion. See Ganglion, Val- 
 entin's. V.'s Limiting Membrane. See 
 Schwann, Sheath of. 
 
 Valentine's Reaction for Fuchsin. Upon 
 shaking ether with a solution containing 
 fuchsin the ether does not dissolve the coloring- 
 matter, but upon adding ferrous iodid the 
 ether is colored violet. 
 
 Valerian (val-e'-re-an). A plant of the genus 
 Valeriana. The root of Valeriana officinalis 
 (Valeriana, U. S. P.; Valeriana; rhizoma, B. P.) 
 contains a volatile oil, from which valeric 
 acid is obtained. Valerian is employed as a 
 mild nervous stimulant in hysteria, migraine, 
 low fevers, etc. Dose 30 gr. (2 Gm.). V., 
 Fluidextract of (fluidextr -actum Valeriana, 
 U. S. P.). Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). V., Infusion 
 of (infusum Valeriana, B. P.). Dose 1-2 oz. 
 (32-64 Cc). V., Oil of (oleum valeriance, 
 B. P.). Dose 4-5 min. (0.26-0.32 Cc). 
 V., Tincture of (tinctura Valeriana, U. S. P., 
 B. P.). Dose 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). V., 
 Tincture of, Ammoniated (tinctura Vale- 
 riana ammoniata, U. S. P., B. P.). Dose 
 1-3 dr. (4-12 Cc). 
 
 Valerianate (val-e'-re-an-at). A salt of vale- 
 rianic acid; those of ammonium, iron, quinin, 
 and zinc are official. 
 
 Valeric Acid, Valerianic Acid (va-le'-rik, 
 val-e-re-an'-ik). See Acid, Valeric. 
 
 Valeridin (val-er' -id -in). See Valeryl-phe- 
 netidin. 
 
 Valeryl (val'-er-il). The compound C 5 H 9 0. 
 V.-phenetidin, C 6 H 4 (OC 2 H 5 )NH. C 5 H 9 0; it 
 is sedative and antineuralgic Dose 8-15 gr. 
 (0.5-1.0 Gm.). 
 
 Valetudinarian (val-et-u-din-a'-re-an) [valetu- 
 dinarius; valetudo, health]. An invalid. 
 
 Valgoid (val'-goid) [valgus; eldoc, likeness]. 
 Resembling valgus. 
 
 Valgus (val'-gus) [L., "bow-legged"]. 1. Bow- 
 legged. 2. A condition in which the arch of 
 the foot is depressed so that the inner side of 
 the sole rests upon the ground. Syn., Genu 
 varum; Splay-foot; Talipes valgus. 
 
 Validol (val'-id-ol) [valerian; menthol]. The 
 chemically pure combination of menthol and 
 valeric acid with the addition of 30% free 
 menthol. It is a colorless, somewhat viscous 
 fluid, with a pleasant odor and cooling taste. 
 It is claimed to have powerful analeptic 
 and carminative properties, and is an ex- 
 cellent solvent and vehicle for menthol. 
 It is also employed as an antispasmodic; 
 in migraine; as a specific in alcoholic intoxica- 
 tion; as a prophylactic against sea-sickness, 
 etc. Dose 10-15 drops daily on sugar. V., 
 Camphorated, validol containing 10 % of 
 camphor, used in scotoma scintillans. Dose 
 10-15 drops. 
 
 Vallate (val'-at) [vallum, rampart]. Surrounded 
 with a walled depression; cupped. 
 
 Vallecula (val-ek'-u-lah) [vallis, a valley]. A 
 shallow groove or depression. V. cerebelli, 
 the depression between the cerebellar hemi- 
 spheres. 
 
 Valleix's Aphthae. See Aphtha, Bednar's, 
 under Aphtha. V.'sPoints douloureux, pain- 
 ful points found in peripheral neuralgias where 
 the nerves pass through openings in fascia or 
 issue from bony canals. 
 
 Vallet's Mass. Ferrous sulfate, 100; sodium 
 carbonate, no; honey, 38; sugar, 25; syrup 
 and distilled water, of each, enough to make 
 100 parts. 
 
 Valley of the Cerebellum. See Vallecula 
 cerebelli. 
 
 Valli-Ritter's Law. See Ritter-Valli's Law. 
 
 Vallis (val'-is). See Vallecula cerebelli. 
 
 Vallum (val'-um) [L.]. The supercilium or 
 eyebrow. 
 
 Valsalva's Experiment. Strong expiratory 
 efforts made while the mouth and nose are 
 closed cause at first an increase, and when 
 continued, finally a diminution, of blood-pres- 
 sure. The phenomenon is due to reflex 
 actions of the vasomotor center through the 
 pulmonary nerves. V.'s Ligaments, the ex- 
 trinsic ligaments of the pinna of the ear. V.'s 
 Liquor. See Scarpa's Liquor. V.'s Sinus, 
 the aortic sinus. V.'s Test, inflation of 
 the tympanic cavity with air by means of 
 forcible expiratory efforts made while the nose 
 and mouth are tightly closed. Perforation 
 of the tympanic membrane may be detected 
 by this test. 
 
 Valsol (val'-sol). An ointment-vehicle con- 
 sisting of a mixture of oxygenized hydro- 
 carbons, which forms an emulsionized mass 
 with water and readily dissolves iodin, iodo- 
 form, ichthyol, etc. 
 
 Valsuani's Disease. Pernicious progressive 
 anemia occurring in pregnancy. 
 
VALUE 
 
 1014 
 
 VARICELLA 
 
 Value, Globular. A fraction of which the 
 
 , numerator is the percentage of hemoglobin 
 and the denominator the percentage of red 
 corpuscles. It indicates the percentage of 
 hemoglobin in a corpuscle. Syn., Valeur 
 globulaire. 
 
 Valve (yalv) [valva, a door], i. A device placed 
 in a tube or canal so as to permit free passage 
 one way, but not in the opposite direction. 
 2. A fold of membrane acting as a valve, as 
 valve of the heart. V., Aortic, the valve 
 consisting of three semilunar segments, 
 situated at the junction of the aorta with the 
 heart. V.s, Auriculoventricular, the mi- 
 tral and tricuspid valves. V., Bauhin's, 
 the ileocecal valve. V., Bicuspid. See V., 
 Mitral. V., Coronary, the valve protecting 
 the orifice of the coronary sinus and pre- 
 venting regurgitation of blood during the 
 contraction of the right auricle. V., Eu- 
 stachian, that between the inferior vena 
 cava and the right auricle of the fetus. V. of 
 Hasner, an imperfect valve at the inferior 
 meatus of the nose. V., Heister's, a fold of 
 mucous membrane at the neck of the gall- 
 bladder. V., Ileocecal, the folds of mucous 
 membrane at the junction of the ileum and 
 cecum. V. of Kerkring, any one of the 
 valvulse conniventes (q. v.). V.s, Laryngeal, 
 a term applied to the superior or false vocal 
 bands because of their supposed use in holding 
 the breath. V., Mitral, the valve that con- 
 trols the opening from the left auricle to the 
 left ventricle; it is constituted of two leaflets. 
 V., Pulmonary, V., Pulmonic, the valve 
 composed of three semilunar leaflets, and situ- 
 ated at the junction of the pulmonary artery 
 and the right ventricle. V.'s, Rectal, semi- 
 lunar folds fixed to the rectum by their convex 
 borders, occupying in their attachments from 
 one-third to one-half the circumference of the 
 gut. They are composed of a duplicature of the 
 mucous membrane inclosing some cellular tis- 
 sue and a few circular muscular fibers. The 
 margins and diameters of these pass each other 
 when the rectum is empty and present an ad- 
 ditional barrier to the involuntary evacuation 
 of the feces, retarding downward movement. 
 V.s, Semilunar, the three valves guarding the 
 orifice of the pulmonary artery and aorta. V.S, 
 Sigmoid. See V.s, Semilunar. V.-test, 
 Azoulay's, auscultation of the heart while the 
 patient is lying with the arms raised perpendic- 
 ularly and the legs lifted obliquely. V. of The- 
 besius, the coronary valve or fold of the endo- 
 cardium of the right auricle which protects the 
 coronary sinus. V., Tricuspid, that which 
 controls the opening from the right auricle to 
 the right ventricle; it consists of three segments. 
 V. of Varolius, the ileocecal valve. V. of 
 Vieussens, a thin leaf of medullary substance 
 forming the roof of the anterior portion of the 
 fourth ventricle of the brain. 
 
 Valvula (val'-vu-lah) [dim. of valva, a valve]. 
 A small valve. Valvulae conniventes, the 
 transverse folds of mucous membrane of the 
 small intestine. Syn., Valves of Kerkring. 
 
 Valvulae cuspidales, the mitral and tricuspid 
 valves. 
 
 Valvular iyaV -vu-lar) [valve]. Pertaining to or 
 originating at a valve. 
 
 Valvulitis \val-vu-li' -tis) [valve; czcg, inflam- 
 mation]. Inflammation of a valve, especially 
 of a cardiac valve. 
 
 Valyl {yal'-ij), CH 3 .CH 2 .CH 2 N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 , va- 
 lerianic -acid diethylamid; a colorless, limpid 
 fluid, used in nervous diseases. Dose 2 gr. 
 (0.125 Gm.) in capsule three times daily. 
 
 Vanadin (yan'-ad-iri). A remedy recommended 
 in pulmonary tuberculosis, said to consist of a 
 solution of a vanadium salt with sodium chlorid. 
 
 Vanadium {van-a'-de-um) [Vanadis, a goddess 
 of Scandinavian mythology]. A rare metallic 
 element. See Elements, Table of C hemic. 
 
 Van Buren's Disease. Chronic circum- 
 scribed infiltration of the corpus cavernosum, 
 one of the erectile bodies of the penis. 
 
 Van Deen's Test for Blood in the Urine. 
 The addition of 2 Cc. of tincture of guaiac 
 and 2 Cc. of old oil of turpentine produces a 
 blue color in the presence of blood or pus. 
 
 Van der Kolk's Law. See Kolk's Law. 
 
 Vanilla {yan-iV -ah) [L.]. A genus of plants 
 of the order Orchidece. The fruit of V. plani- 
 folia is the vanilla of the U. S. P. It contains 
 from 1 to 3% of vanillin (q. v.). Vanilla is 
 used as a flavoring agent, and as an ingredi- 
 ent of a test-solution for hydrochloric acid. 
 V., Tincture of {tinctura vanillce, U. S. P.), 
 vanilla, sugar, alcohol, and water. 
 
 Vanillin iyan-il'-in). Vanillinum (U. S. P.), 
 C 8 H 8 3 , an aromatic crystalline principle, 
 the methyl ether of protocatechuic aldehyd. 
 Dose I gr. (0.03 Gm.). V.-paraphenetidin, 
 a crystalline condensation-product of vanillin 
 with paraphenetidin ; it is hypnotic, anti- 
 neuralgic, and styptic. Dose 24-30 gr. 
 (1.5-2.0 Gm.). 
 
 Vanillism (van-il'-izm) [vanilla]. A form of 
 dermatitis characterized by marked itching, 
 occurring among vanilla workers. 
 
 Van Swieten's Liquor, Van S.'s Solution. 
 A solution of mercuric chlorid 2 gr., alcohol 3 
 dr., distilled water sufficient to make 4 oz. 
 
 Vapocauter ization (ya-po-kaw-ter-iz-a'-shun) . 
 See Atmocausia. 
 
 Vapor {ya'-por) [L.]. A gas, especially the 
 gaseous form of a substance which at ordinary 
 temperatures is liquid or solid. 
 
 Vaporarium {ya-por-a' -re-um) [L.]. A vapor- 
 bath; an establishment for giving vapor-baths. 
 
 Vapores uterini. Synonym of Hysteria. 
 
 Vaporization (ya-por-i-za'-shun) [vapor]. The 
 conversion of a solid or liquid into a vapor. 
 
 Vaporize iya'-por-lz) [vapor]. To convert 
 into vapor. 
 
 Vaporole {va'-por-ol) [vapor]. A friable glass 
 capsule containing a drug for inhalation. 
 
 Varicella {yar-is-eV -ah) [dim. of variola, small- 
 pox]. Chickenpox; an acute, contagious 
 disease of childhood, characterized by an 
 eruption of transparent vesicles which ap- 
 pear in successive crops on different parts 
 of the body. The incubation period is about 
 
VARICELLIFORM 
 
 1015 
 
 VASIFACTIVE 
 
 two weeks. The disease is usually mild, and 
 runs its course in two or three days. In rare 
 cases complications, such as nephritis, develop. 
 Varicelliform (yar-is-el'-e-form). Character- 
 ized by vesicles resembling those of varicella. 
 Varicelloid (yar-is-el'-oid) [varicella; doog, 
 
 like]. Resembling varicella. 
 Varices (yar'-is-ez) [L.]. Plural of varix. 
 Variciform (yar-is'-i-form) [varix; forma, a 
 
 form]. Having the form of a varix. 
 Varicocele (yar'-ik-o-sel) [varix; icqXr), a tumor]. 
 Dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord, 
 forming a soft, elastic swelling. 
 Varicocelectomy (var-ik-o-se-lek 1 '-to-me) [vari- 
 cocele; into/iT), excision]. Excision of a vari- 
 cocele. 
 Varicomphalus iyar-ik-om' -fal-us) [varix; 
 
 6fi(f)aX6c, navel]. A varicosity at the navel. 
 Varicose (var'-ik-os) [varix]. i. Of blood- 
 vessels, swollen, knotted, and tortuous. 
 2. Due to varicose veins, 
 as varicose ulcer. V. An- 
 eurysm. See under An- 
 eurysm, Arteriovenous. 
 Varicosis (yar - ik - o' - sis) 
 [varicose]. An abnormal 
 dilation of the veins. 
 Varicosity (var-ik-os'-it-e) 
 [varicose]. The condition 
 of being varicose; a vari- 
 cose portion of a vein. 
 Varicotomy (var-ik-ot'-o- 
 
 me). See Cirsotomy. 
 Varicula (yar - ik' -u- lah) 
 [dim. of varix]. A varix 
 of the conjunctiva. 
 Variform (var'-e-form) [va- 
 rius, various ; forma, form]. 
 Having diversity of form. 
 Variola (va-ri'-o-lah) [va- 
 rius, variegated; spotted]. 
 Smallpox, a contagious 
 infectious disease ushered 
 in with severe febrile symptoms, which, in 
 the course of two or three days, are fol- 
 lowed by a papular eruption spreading 
 over all parts of the body. During the 
 succeeding two weeks the eruption passes 
 through the stage of vesicles and pustules, 
 the latter going on to the formation of crusts. 
 The falling off of the crusts leaves a pitted 
 appearance of the skin (pock-marks). The 
 period of incubation is about thirteen days. 
 V., Confluent, V. confluens, a severe form 
 in which the pustules spread and run together. 
 V., Discrete, a form in which the pustules pre- 
 serve their distinct individuality. V., Hem- 
 orrhagic, smallpox in which hemorrhage oc- 
 curs into the vesicles, which gives them a 
 blackish appearance. V., Malignant, black 
 smallpox, a severe and very fatal form of the 
 hemorrhagic type. V., Mitigated, V., Mod- 
 ified. See Varioloid. 
 Variolate {var'-e-o-lat) [variola], i. Having 
 small pustules like those of variola. 2. To 
 inoculate with smallpox. 
 Variolation, Variolization (yar-e-o-la 1 '-shun, 
 
 Varicose Veins. 
 (Moullin.) 
 
 var-e-o-li-za' -shun) [variola]. The inocula- 
 tion of smallpox. 
 
 Varioliform {yar-i' -o-lif-orm) [variola; forma, 
 form]. Resembling variola. 
 
 Varioloid (var'-e-o-loid) [variola; eldoc, like]. 
 A mild form of variola occurring in persons 
 that have been vaccinated or inoculated 
 with smallpox virus. 
 
 Variolus {yar-i' -o-lus) [variola]. Pertaining to 
 or having the nature of variola. 
 
 Varix (va'-riks) [varus, crooked; pi., varices]. A 
 dilated and tortuous vein. V., Aneurysmal. 
 See Aneurysmal Varix under Aneurysm, Arter- 
 iovenous. V. lymphaticus, dilation of the 
 lymphatic vessels, especially that due to the 
 Filar ia sanguinis-hom in is. 
 
 Varolian (yar-o'-le-an) [Varioli, Italian anato- 
 mist, 1 542-1 5 75]. Relating to the pons varolii. 
 
 Varolii, Pons. The mesencephalon; that part 
 of the brain which connects the oblongata 
 with the cerebral peduncles and the cerebellum. 
 See under Pons. 
 
 Varus (va'-rus). A condition in which the 
 foot is turned inward. See Talipes varus. 
 
 Vas (vas) [L.; pi, vasa]. A vessel. V. aber- 
 rans, a blind tube projecting from the lower 
 part of the epididymis. Vasa afferentia, 
 the branches of a lymphatic or lacteal vessel 
 entering a lymphatic gland. Vasa brevia, 
 the gastric branches of the splenic artery. 
 Vasa centralia retinae, the central artery 
 and veins of the retina. Vasa ciliaria, the 
 ciliary arteries and veins. V. deferens, the 
 excretory duct of the testis. Vasa efferentia. 
 
 1. The terminal ducts of the rete testis. 
 
 2. The efferent vessels of lymphatic glands. 
 Vasa intestini tenuis, small vessels arising 
 from the superior mesenteric artery and 
 distributed to the jejunum and ileum. Vasa 
 recta, the tubules of the rete testis. Vasa 
 vasorum, the vessels supplying the arteries 
 and veins with blood. Vasa vorticosa. See 
 Vence vorticoscB. 
 
 Vasal (ya'-zal) [vas, a vessel]. Pertaining to a 
 vessel or to vessels; vascular. 
 
 Vasalium (yaz-a' -le-um) [vas; pi., vasalia]. 
 Tissue peculiar to vascular or closed cavities. 
 
 Vascular (yas'-ku-lar) [vasculum]. Consisting 
 of, pertaining to, or provided with vessels. 
 
 Vascularity (vas-ku-lar'-it-e) [vascular]. The 
 quality of being vascular. 
 
 Vascularization (vas-ku-lar-i-za' -shun) [vas- 
 cular]. The process of becoming vascular. 
 
 Vasculitis (vas-ku-li'-tis). See Angiitis. 
 
 Vasculum (vas'-ku-lum) [L.]. A small vessel. 
 V. aberrans. See Vas aberrans. 
 
 Vasectomy (vas-ek' '-to-me) [vas; inTopirj, a cut- 
 ting out]. Resection of the vas deferens. 
 
 Vaselin (yaz'-el-in). See Petrolatum. 
 
 Vaselon (vas' -el-on) . An ointment-base con- 
 sisting of a mixture of palmitone and stearone 
 dissolved in mineral oil. 
 
 Vasicin (yas'-is-in). An- alkaloid from Ad- 
 hatoda vasica; it is used in bronchial affections 
 and as an insecticide. 
 
 Vasifactive (yaz-if-ak'-tiv) [vas; facer e, to make]. 
 Giving rise to new blood-vessels. 
 
VASIFORM 
 
 1016 
 
 VEIN 
 
 Vasiform {vaz'-if-orm) [vas; forma, form]. 
 Resembling a. vessel or duct. 
 
 Vaso- (va-zo-) [vas, & vessel]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to a vessel. 
 
 Vasoconstriction (va-zo-kon-strik'-shun) [vaso-; 
 constringere, to bind]. The constriction of 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Vasoconstrictive (va -zo- kon - strik' - tiv) [see 
 Vasoconstriction]. Promoting or stimulating 
 constriction of blood-vessels. 
 
 Vasoconstrictor (va-zo -kon-strik' -tor), i. Caus- 
 ing a constriction of the blood-vessels. 2. A 
 nerve or a drug that causes constriction of 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Vasocorona (va-zo-ko-ro'-nah) [vaso-; corona, 
 crown]. The system of arterioles that supply 
 the periphery of the spinal cord. 
 
 Vasodentin (va-zo-den' -tin) [vaso-; dentin]. 
 Dentin possessing blood-vessels. 
 
 Vasodilator (va-zo-di-la'-tor). 1. Pertaining 
 to the dilating motility of the nonstriped mus- 
 cles of the vascular system. 2. A nerve-ele- 
 ment or a drug that causes dilation of blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Vasofactive (ya-zo-fak'-tiv). See Vasifactive. 
 
 Vasoformative (va -zo- for' - mat - iv) [vaso-; 
 formare, to form]. Forming or producing 
 vessels. 
 
 Vasoganglion (va - zo- gang' - le - on) [vaso-; 
 yayjXcov, ganglion]. A knot or rete of blood- 
 vessels. 
 
 Vasogen (va'-zo-jen) [vaselin; y-vvav, to pro- 
 duce]. Oxygenated vaselin. 
 
 Vasohypertonic (va-zo-hi-per-ton'-ik). See 
 Vasoconstrictor. 
 
 Vasohypotonic (va - zo -hi - po - ton' - ik) . See 
 Vasodilator (1). 
 
 Vasoinhibitor (va-zo-in-hib' -it-or) [vaso-; in- 
 hibere, to inhibit]. A drug or agent tending 
 to inhibit the action of the vasomotor nerves. 
 
 Vasoinhibitory (va-zo-in-hib' -it-o-re) [see Vaso- 
 inhibitor]. Inhibiting vasomotor action, es- 
 pecially vasoconstrictor action. 
 
 Vasol (va'-zol). A mixture of liquid petro- 
 latum with ammonium oleate. V., Iodized, 
 vasol containing 7% of iodin. 
 
 Vasomotion (va-zo-mo' -shun) [vaso-; motio, 
 motion]. Increase or decrease of the caliber 
 of a blood-vessel. 
 
 Vasomotor (va-zo-mo' -tor) [vaso-; motor, from 
 movere, to move]. Regulating the tension of 
 blood-vessels. V. Ataxia, instability of the 
 circulatory mechanism characterized by ab- 
 normal readiness of disturbance of the equili- 
 brium of the cardiovascular apparatus, with 
 tardiness of restoration. Dermographia is an 
 essential feature and in most cases factitious 
 urticaria can be induced; mottlings of the 
 skin and stigmata are common; there are 
 cardiac disturbances and usually a hemorrhag- 
 ic tendency. V. Centers, centers situated 
 in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, 
 and governing the caliber of the blood-vessels. 
 V. Nerves, the nerves passing to the blood- 
 vessels; they are of two kinds, the vasocon- 
 strictor (vasohypertonic) nerves, or those 
 stimulation of which causes contraction of 
 
 the blood-vessels, and the vasodilator (vaso- 
 hypotonic) nerves, stimulation of which causes 
 dilation of the vessels. 
 
 Vasoparesis (va-zo-par' -e-sis) [vaso-; paresis]. 
 Paresis affecting the vasomotor nerves. 
 
 Vasosection (va-zo-sek' -shun) [vaso-; sectio, a 
 cutting]. Severing of the vas deferens. 
 
 Vasosensory (va-zo-sen' -so-re) [vaso-; sensory] 
 Serving as a sensory apparatus for the vessels. 
 
 Vasospastic (va-zo-spas'-tik). Angiospastic. 
 
 Vasothion (va-zo-thi'-on). A compound of 
 vasogen and sulfur, 10%; it is used in chronic 
 skin diseases. 
 
 Vasotonic (va-zo-tpn'-ik) [vaso-; tonic]. Per- 
 taining to the normal tone or tension of the 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Vasotribe (va'-zo-trib) [vaso-; Tptftecv, to grind]. 
 An instrument for controlling hemorrhages; 
 an angiotribe. 
 
 Vasotrophic (va-zo-trof'-ik) [vaso-; rpo<f>r], nour- 
 ishment]. Concerned in the nutrition of 
 vessels. 
 
 Vastus (vas'-tus) [L.j. 1. Large; extensive. 2. 
 A large muscle of the thigh. See under 
 Muscle. 
 
 Vater's Ampulla. See Ampulla of Vater. V.'s 
 Corpuscles. See Pacinian Corpuscles. V.'s 
 Fold, a vertical fold of mucous membrane 
 at the lower angle of Vater's ampulla. 
 
 Vater-Pacini's Corpuscles. See Corpuscles, 
 Pacinian. 
 
 Vectis (vek'-tis) [vehere, to carry]. An instru- 
 ment similar to the single blade of a forceps, 
 used in hastening the delivery of the fetal 
 head in labor. 
 
 Vegetable (vej'-et-ab-l) [vegetare, to quicken]. 
 
 1. A plant, especially one used as food. 
 
 2. See Vegetal. V. Albumin. See Phytal- 
 bumose. V. Proteids. See under Proteid. 
 V. Sulfur. See Lycopodium. 
 
 Vegetal (vej'-et-al) [see Vegetable]. Of or 
 pertaining to plants; characteristic of plants. 
 
 Vegetarian (vej-et-a'-re-an) [see Vegetable]. 
 One who lives on vegetable food alone. 
 
 Vegetarianism (vej-et-a 1 ' -re-an-izm) [see Vege- 
 table]. 1. The doctrine that vegetable food 
 is the only kind proper for man. 2. The 
 practice of living only on vegetable food. 
 
 Vegetation (vej-et-a' -shun) [see Vegetable]. 
 An outgrowth resembling a plant in outline, 
 as the fibrinous projections on the cardiac 
 valves in endocarditis, papillomas, poly- 
 poid growths, etc. V.s, Adenoid, growths of 
 lymphoid tissue in the nasopharyngeal cavity. 
 
 Vegetative (vej'-et-a-tiv) [see Vegetable]. Hav- 
 ing the power of growth, like a plant. 
 
 Vehicle (ve'-hik-l) [vehiculum, from vehere, to 
 carry]. An excipient or substance serving 
 as a medium of administration of medicines. 
 
 Vein (van) [vena]. A blood-vessel carrying 
 blood from the tissues to the heart. Veins, 
 like arteries, have three coats, but less well 
 developed; many also possess valves. V., 
 Angular, a continuation of the frontal vein 
 downward to become the facial at the lower 
 margin of the orbit. V., Anterior Internal 
 Maxillary. Same as V ., Facial, Deep. Y. t 
 
VEIN 
 
 1017 
 
 VEIN 
 
 Auricular {anterior and posterior), i. The 
 vein of the ear. 2. A vein from the cardiac 
 auricles. V., Axillary, a large vein formed by 
 the junction of the brachial veins V.s, Azy- 
 gos, three veins situated in front of the bodies 
 of the thoracic vertebras; they are a means of 
 communication between the superior and in- 
 ferior venae cavae. V., Basilar, a large vein 
 passing back over the crus cerebri to unite with 
 the veins of Galen. V., Basilic, a vein on the 
 inner side of the arm. V.s, Brachial, the 
 veins accompanying the brachial artery. V., 
 Brachiocephalic. See V.s, Innominate. 
 V.s of Breschet, the veins of the diploe. 
 V., Cardiac, Great. See V., Coronary (1). 
 V., Cephalic, a large vein of the arm, formed 
 by the union of the median cephalic and 
 superficial radial, and opening into the axillary 
 vein. V.s, Cerebral, veins coming from the 
 cerebrum; they are cortical and central. 
 V., Coronary. 1. The great cardiac 
 vein, a vein opening into the coronary sinus 
 of the heart. 2. See V., Gastric. V.s, 
 Emissary, small veins passing through the 
 cranial foramens and connecting the cerebral 
 sinuses with external veins. V., Facial, a 
 continuation of the angular vein; it joins the 
 internal jugular at the level of the hyoid bone. 
 V., Facial, Deep, one joining the facial vein 
 below the malar bone; it receives the blood 
 from the pterygoid plexus. V., Femoral, 
 Common, a short thick trunk, corresponding 
 to the femoral artery; it becomes the external 
 iliac at Poupart's ligament. V., Femoral, 
 Deep, a vein accompanying the femoral ar- 
 tery; it empties into the superficial femoral. 
 V., Femoral, Superficial, a name given to 
 the femoral vein before it is joined by the deep 
 femoral vein to form the common femoral vein. 
 V., Frontal, the anterior vein of the scalp 
 as it crosses the frontal bone. V.s of 
 Galen, two large veins of the brain, 
 continuations of the internal cerebral veins, 
 and opening into the straight sinus. V., Gas- 
 tric, a vein accompanying the artery of the 
 same name. V.s, Hemiazygos, small, ac- 
 cessory veins of the azygos veins. V.S, 
 Hemorrhoidal, a plexus of veins surrounding 
 the rectum. V., Iliac, Common, a vein 
 formed opposite the sacroiliac synchon- 
 drosis by the confluence of the external and 
 internal iliac veins. V., Iliac, External, a 
 continuation upward of the common femoral; 
 it extends from the lower border of Poupart's 
 ligament to the lower border of the sacroiliac 
 synchondrosis. V., Iliac, Internal, a short 
 trunk extending from the great sacroiliac 
 synchondrosis. V.s, Innominate, two large 
 valveless veins returning the blood from the 
 head, neck, and upper extremity. V., 
 Jugular, Anterior, a vein beginning at 
 the level of the chin and ending at the clavicle 
 in the external jugular vein. V., Jugular, 
 External, a vein formed at the angle of 
 the lower jaw by the union of the posterior 
 auricular and temporomaxillary veins; it 
 empties into the subclavian. V., Jugular, 
 
 Internal, a continuation of the lateral 
 sinus, beginning at the jugular fossa, ac- 
 companying the internal and common 
 carotid arteries, and joining the subclavian 
 vein to form the innominate. V. of Mar- 
 shall. See V., Oblique. V., Maxillary 
 Anterior, a small vein of the anterior portion 
 of the face. V., Maxillary, Internal, one 
 accompanying the first part of the internal 
 maxillary artery. V., Median Basilic, a 
 vein uniting with the ulnar to form the basilic. 
 V., Median Cephalic, a vein uniting with 
 the superficial radial to form the cephalic. 
 V., Median, Deep, a vein formed by the 
 union of the outer vena comes of the ul- 
 nar artery and the muscular and radial re- 
 current veins. V., Median, Superficial, one 
 starting at the anterior plexus of the wrist and 
 uniting with the deep median to form the me- 
 dian. V., Mesenteric, Inferior, one that ac- 
 companies the inferior mesenteric artery and 
 joins the splenic vein behind the pancreas. V., 
 Mesenteric, Superior, one that accompanies 
 the superior mesenteric artery and joins the 
 splenic vein to form the portal. V., Oblique, 
 of Marshall, a vein crossing the dorsal portion 
 of the left auricle of the heart. It is the rem- 
 nant of the left duct of Cuvier. V.s, Om- 
 phalomesenteric, several venous trunks of the 
 primitive embryonic circulation which carry 
 the blood from the terminal sinus to the meatus 
 venosus, a short vitelline vein. V., Oph- 
 thalmic, a short trunk carrying the blood 
 from the eye and emptying into the cavernous 
 sinus. V.s, Plantar, veins accompanying 
 the plantar arteries. V., Popliteal, one 
 formed by the union of the venae comites 
 of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries; 
 it accompanies the popliteal artery, and 
 becomes the femoral vein at the junction of 
 the lower with the middle third of the thigh. 
 V., Portal, a short trunk entering the liver at 
 the transverse fissure and formed by the junc- 
 tion of the superior mesenteric and splenic 
 veins. V.s, Pulmonary, four veins, two 
 from each lung, returning the aerated blood 
 from the lungs to the heart. V., Radial, 
 Superficial, a vein accompanying the mus- 
 culocutaneous nerve up the radial side of the 
 forearm. V., Ranine, the chief vein con- 
 veying blood from the tongue. It originates 
 near the tip beneath the mucosa, accompanies 
 the hypoglossal nerve across the hypoglossus 
 muscle, and empties into the internal jugular 
 vein. V., Renal, a vein accompanying the 
 renal artery. V., Saphenous, Long or In- 
 ternal, a long superficial vein running up the 
 inner aspect of the leg and thigh, terminating 
 in the femoral vein below Poupart's ligament. 
 V., Saphenous, Short or External, a super- 
 ficial vein running up the outer aspect of the 
 foot, leg, and back of the calf, and emptying 
 into the popliteal vein. V., Spermatic, one 
 returning the blood from the testicle; on the 
 right side it terminates in the inferior vena 
 cava and on the left in the left renal vein. V., 
 Splenic, one returning the blood from the 
 
VELAMEN 
 
 1018 
 
 VENTOSITY 
 
 spleen, and forming the portal vein by its 
 union with the superior mesenteric vein. V., 
 Subclavian, a continuation of the axillary 
 vein, uniting with the internal jugular vein to 
 form the innominate vein at the sternocla- 
 vicular articulation. V.s, Temporal, veins 
 returning the blood from the temporomaxil- 
 lary region of the head; they join the internal 
 maxillary vein to form the temporomaxillary 
 vein. V., Temporomaxillary, one formed 
 by the union of the temporal and inter- 
 nal maxillary veins in the parotid gland; 
 it teminates in the external jugular. 
 V. of Trolard, a vein of the cerebrum passing 
 along the posterior branch of the fissure of 
 Sylvius, and emptying into the superior 
 petrosal sinus. V., Ulnar, one running from 
 the wrist up the anterior and inner surface 
 of the forearm. V., Umbilical, a vein con- 
 veying the blood from the placenta to the 
 fetus. V., Vesalius'. See Vesalius's Vein. 
 V.s, Vitelline. See Vitelline Veins. 
 
 Velamen (ve-la'-men) [L.]. A veil or envelop. 
 
 Velamentous (yel-am-en' -tus) [velamen]. Re- 
 sembling a veil. 
 
 Velar (ve'-lar) [velum]. Pertaining to a velum, 
 especially the velum palati. 
 
 Veld Sore. A lesion common among troops 
 during the Boer war; a running sore probably 
 due to the sting of a fly. 
 
 Vella's Fistula. An intestinal fistula for ob- 
 taining gastric juice. 
 
 Vellication (vel - ik - a' - shun) [vellicare, to 
 twitch]. Spasmodic twitching of muscular 
 fibers. 
 
 Vellolin (vel f -o-lin). A purified wool-fat. 
 
 Vellosin (yel-o'-sin), C 23 H 28 N 2 4 . An alkaloid 
 contained in Paopereira bark, Geissospermum 
 vellosii; it resembles brucin in physiologic 
 action. 
 
 Velosynthesis (ye-lo-sin'-thes-is). See Staphy- 
 lorrhaphy. 
 
 Velpeau's Bandage (vel'-poz) [Velpeau, a 
 French surgeon]. A bandage for the shoulder. 
 V.'s Hernia, femoral hernia anterior to the 
 blood-vessels. 
 
 Velum (ve'-lum) [L., "a veil; a sail"]. A veil 
 or veil-like structure. V., Anterior Medul- 
 lary. See Valve of Vieussens. V. inter- 
 positum, the membranous roof of the third 
 ventricle. V. palati, the soft palate. V., 
 Posterior Medullary, the commissure of the 
 flocculus of the cerebellum. 
 
 Vena (ve'-nah) [L.]. A vein. See Vein. 
 V. cava inferior, a vein formed by the 
 junction of the two common iliac veins and 
 emptying into the right auricle of the heart. 
 It receives the lumbar, right spermatic, renal, 
 suprarenal, phrenic, and hepatic veins. V. 
 cava superior, a vein formed by the union 
 of the innominate veins, and conveying 
 the blood from the upper half of the body 
 to the right auricle. V. comes, Venae 
 comites, a vein or veins accompanying 
 an artery in its course. V. corporis striati, 
 a vein which helps to form the internal cere- 
 bral vein and returns the blood from the 
 
 corpus striatum. Venae galeni, the two 
 trunks formed by the union of the vein 
 of the corpus striatum and that of the 
 choroid plexus; they empty into the straight 
 sinus. Venae minimae cordis, the smallest 
 of the cardiac veins emptying into the cavities 
 of the heart. Venae thebesii. See Vena 
 minima cordis. Venae vorticosae, the venous 
 network and trunks of the choroid coat of the 
 eye. 
 
 Venenation {yen-en-a' -shun) [venenum, a poi- 
 son]. The condition of a poisoning. 
 
 Venenatus (ven-en-a' -tus) [see Venenation]. 
 Poisonous. 
 
 Venenosalivary (yen -en-o- sal' -iv-a- re) . See 
 Venomo salivary. 
 
 Venenose, Venenous (ven'-en-oz, ven'-en-us) 
 [venenosus]. Toxic; poisonous. 
 
 Venenosity {ven-en-os'-it-e). The condition 
 of being toxic. 
 
 Venereal (ven-e'-re-al) [Venus, the goddess of 
 love]. Pertaining to or produced by sexual 
 intercourse. V. Diseases, gonorrhea, syph- 
 ilis, and chancroid. 
 
 Venerismus pyorrhoicus. Gonorrhea. 
 
 Venery iyen'-er-e) [see Venereal]. Sexual inter- 
 course. 
 
 Venesection (yen- e-sek' -shun). See Blood- 
 letting. 
 
 Venesuture (yen-e-su' -tur) [vena; sutura, 
 suture]. The suturing of a vein. 
 
 Veniples (yen' -ip-leks) [vena; plexus]. A 
 plexus of veins. 
 
 Venipuncture iyen'-e-punk-chur). Puncture of 
 a vein. 
 
 Venisuture (yen-i-su'-tur). ' See Venesuture. 
 
 Venom (yen'-om) [venenum, poison]. Poison, 
 especially a poison secreted by certain reptiles 
 and insects. 
 
 Venomosalivary (ven-om-o-sal'-iv-a-re). Se- 
 creting a toxic saliva. 
 
 Venomotor (ven-o-mo' -tor) [vena; movere, to 
 move]. Causing the veins to contract or dilate. 
 
 Venomous (ven'-om-us) [venom]. Poisonous; 
 secreting venom. 
 
 Venosclerosis (ven-o-skle-ro' '-sis) [vena; onXypoc, 
 hard]. Induration of the veins. 
 
 Venosity (yen-os' : it-e) [venous]. A condition 
 in which the arterial blood shows venous 
 qualities. 
 
 Venous (ve'-nus) [venosus]. Pertaining to or 
 produced in a. vein. V. Hum, the murmur 
 or rushing sound heard in auscultation of 
 a vein. 
 
 Venter (ven'-ter) [L.]. i. The belly or abdo- 
 men. 2. The belly of a muscle. 3. The 
 cavity of the abdomen. 4. The concavity 
 of any expanded part, as the venter of the 
 scapula, venter of the ilium. 
 
 Ventilation (ven-til-a' -shun) [ventilare, to fan]. 
 The act or process of supplying fresh air; 
 the act or process of purifying the air of a 
 place. 
 
 Ventose (yen'-toz) [ventosa, a cupping-glass]. 
 1. A cupping-glass. 2. [ventosus, windy.] 
 Flatulent. 
 
 Ventosity (yen-tos'-it-e). Flatulence. 
 
VENTRAD 
 
 1019 
 
 VENTRICLE 
 
 Ventrad (yen'-trad) [venter; ad, toward]. Ventricle {ven r -trik-l) [ventriculus, dim. of 
 Toward the ventral aspect. venter, a belly]. A small cavitv or pouch. 
 
 OCCIPITAL v 
 
 INT. JUGULAR V, 
 
 EXT. JUGULAR V. 
 
 RIGHT AND LEFT 
 BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS. 
 
 CEPHALIC V 
 BASILIC V, 
 
 MEDIAN BASILIC V 
 MEDIAN CEPHALIC V 
 
 SUPERFICIAL VEINS 
 
 (RADIAL, MEDIAN. ULNAR 
 
 AND POSTULNAR) 
 
 DEEP MEDIAN V 
 CAUDAL CAVA 
 EXT. ILIAC V 
 
 LONG SAPHENA V 
 (SUPERFICIAL) 
 
 LONG SAPHENA V 
 (SUPERFICIAL) 
 
 TEMPORAL V. 
 
 FACIAL V. 
 EXT. ANT. JUGULAR VEINS, 
 
 JNT. JUGULAR V. 
 EXT. JUGULAR V. 
 SUBCLAVIAN V 
 
 .PULMONARY A. 
 
 AXILLARY V. 
 
 SCAPULAR VEI.NS 
 CEPHALIC V. 
 
 BRACHIAL V. 
 
 ^ABDOMINAL 
 X AORTA 
 
 VEN/C COMITES- 
 
 COM. 
 LfAC VEINS 
 
 NT, ILIAC V, 
 
 FEMORAL V. 
 
 EXT. OR SHORT SAPHENA V. 
 
 VEN/€ COMITES 
 
 SUPERFICIAL 
 DORSAL ARCH 
 
 Scheme of Veins. — (Hewson.) 
 
 Ventral iyen'-tral) [venter]. Pertaining to the V. of Arantius, a culdesac at the lower end 
 belly. of the fourth ventricle. V.S of the Brain, 
 
VENTRICORNU 
 
 1020 
 
 VERBASCUM 
 
 cavities in the interior of the brain, com- 
 prising the two lateral ventricles, the third, 
 fourth, and fifth ventricles. V. of Cord, 
 the central canal of the spinal cord. V., 
 ' Fifth, the cavity between the laminas of the 
 septum lucidum. V., Fourth, the space 
 between the oblongata and pons in front, and 
 the cerebellum behind. V. of Larynx, a 
 depression between the true and false vocal 
 bands. V.s, Lateral, serous cavities, one in 
 each cerebral hemisphere, and communicating 
 with the third ventricle through the foramen of 
 Monro. Each ventricle consists of a triangu- 
 lar central cavity or body and three smaller 
 cavities or cornua. The corpus callosum 
 forms the roof of the body, the septum lucidum 
 the mesal boundary and the floor is formed by 
 the corpus striatum, taenia semicircularis, 
 thalamus, choroid plexus, corpus fimbriatum, 
 and fornix. V. , Left, of Heart, that upon the 
 dorsal and left side of the heart, and which, 
 through the aorta, forces the blood throughout 
 the body. V., Right, of Heart, that forcing 
 the blood through the pulmonary artery into 
 the lungs. V., Third, an open space between 
 the optic thalami and extending to the base of 
 the brain. 
 
 Ventricornu (ven-tri-kor' -nu) [venter; comu]. 
 The anterior horn of the gray matter of the 
 myelon. 
 
 Ventricular (ven-trik'-u-lar) [ventricle]. Per- 
 taining to a ventricle. V. Aqueduct. See 
 Aquceductus sylvii. 
 
 Ventricular is (ven-trik-u-la'-ris). The thyro- 
 epiglottideus muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Ventricumbent {ven-trik-um' -bent) [venter; cu- 
 bere, to lie]. Lying with the ventral surface 
 down. 
 
 Ventriduction (yen-tre-duk'-shun) [venter; du- 
 cere, to lead]. The act of drawing a part 
 toward the belly. 
 
 Ventrimeson (ven-trim-e' -zon) [venter; uiaov, 
 middle]. The mesial line on the ventral 
 aspect of the body. 
 
 Ventripyramid (ven - trip - ir' -am - id) [venter; 
 pyramid]. An anterior pyramid of the ob- 
 longata. 
 
 Ventro- (ven-tro-) [venter, the belly]. A prefix 
 signifying relation to the belly. 
 
 Ventro cystorrhaphy (ven-tro-sis-tor' -a-fe) [ven- 
 tro-; Koaxcg, cyst; pa<j>i), suture]. Suture of an 
 opened cyst-wall to the wall of the abdomen 
 so as to provide a free discharge of its contents. 
 
 Ventrofixation (ven-tro-fiks-a' 'shun) [ventro-; 
 -fixation]. The stitching of a displaced uterus 
 to the abdominal wall. 
 
 Ventrohysteropexy (ven-tro-his'-ter-o-peks-e) 
 [ventro-; uozipa, womb; ra^cc, a fixing]. 
 Ventrofixation. 
 
 Ventro inguinal (ven-tro-in'-guin-al) [ventro-; 
 inguinal]. Pertaining to the abdomen and 
 the groin. 
 
 Ventrolateral (ven-tro-lat'-er-at). Relating to 
 the ventral and lateral aspects of a part. 
 
 Ventroptosis {ven-tro -to' -sis). See Gastro- 
 ptosis. 
 
 Ventroscopy {ven-tros'-ho-pe) [ventro-; OKoxelv, 
 
 to view]. Direct examination of the ab- 
 dominal and pelvic cavities by means of an 
 apparatus resembling the cystoscope. 
 
 Ventrosuspension (ven - tro - sus- pen' - shun) . 
 See Ventrofixation. 
 
 Ventrotomy (yen-troV -o-me) [ventro-; zofxrj, a 
 cut]. Celiotomy. 
 
 Ventrovesicofixation (ven-tro-ves-ik-o-fiks-a f - 
 shun) [ventro-; vesica, bladder; fixation]. 
 The suturing of the uterus to the bladder and 
 abdominal wall. 
 
 Venule, Venula (yen'-ul, ven'-u-lah) [yenula, 
 dim. of vena, a vein]. A small vein. 
 
 Veratrin (yer-at'-rin). Veratrina (U. S. P.), 
 a mixture of alkaloids obtained from the seeds 
 of Asagrcea officinalis (sabadilla), of the order 
 Liliacece. It is a local irritant, and produces 
 tetanic convulsions followed by paralysis; 
 it first stimulates, then paralyzes, the vaso- 
 motor center. It is used externally in the 
 form of an ointment in rheumatism, gout, and 
 neuralgia. V. Ointment (unguentum vera- 
 trince, U. S. P.), an ointment composed of 
 veratrin, expressed oil of almond, and ben- 
 zoinated lard. V., Oleate of (oleatum 
 veratrincB, U. S. P.), veratrin, oleic acid, and 
 olive-oil. 
 
 Veratroidin (ver-at-roi'-din). See under Vera- 
 trum. 
 
 Veratrol (yer-at'-rol), C 8 H 10 O 2 . A colorless 
 oil with aromatic odor obtained from veratric 
 acid by action of baryta with heat; it is used 
 as an antiseptic by inhalation and by applica- 
 tion in i % solution ; less poisonous than 
 guaiacol but more caustic. 
 
 Veratrum [yer-at'-rum). A genus of plants 
 of the order Liliacece. The rhizome and roots 
 of V . viride, American hellebore, or V. album, 
 white hellebore (veratrum, U. S. P.; veratri 
 viridis rhizoma, B. P.), contain the alkaloids 
 jervin and veratroidin. The former is a de- 
 pressant to the vasomotor centers and the 
 motor centers of the spinal cord. In toxic 
 doses it produces slowness of the pulse, 
 fall in 'blood-pressure, relaxation, epileptiform 
 convulsions, paralysis, and death from failure 
 of the respiration. Veratroidin is irritant 
 and produces vomiting and purging; it is also 
 a depressant to the motor centers of the spinal 
 cord and to the pulse. When veratrum 
 is administered the combined action of the 
 alkaloids is obtained, and consists chiefly 
 in slowing of the pulse and lessening of blood- 
 pressure, with vomiting in the case of large 
 doses. It is employed in sthenic inflamma- 
 tions, as pneumonia, peritonitis, in puerperal 
 eclampsia, and in excessive cardiac hyper- 
 trophy. V., Fluidextract of (fiuidextr actum 
 veratri, U. S. P.). Dose 1-3 min. (0.065-0.2 
 Cc). V., Tincture of (tinctura veratri, U. S. 
 P.). Dose 1-3 min. (0.065-0.2 Cc). 
 
 Verbascum (v er-bas'-kum) [L.]. Mullen, a genus 
 of plants of the order Scrophularinece. The 
 leaves and flowers of V. thapsus have been 
 used as demulcent in catarrhal inflammation 
 of mucous membranes and as an application 
 to hemorrhoids. 
 
VERBIGERATION 
 
 1021 
 
 VERTEBRARTERIAL 
 
 Verbigeration (yer-bij-er-a' -shun) [verbigere, to 
 talk]. The frequent and uncontrollable repe- 
 tition of the same word, sentence, or sound 
 without reference to its meaning. 
 
 Verdigris (yer'-dig-ris) [Fr., verd de gris, 
 probably from L., viridis, green; as, copper]. 
 Copper acetate. 
 
 Verga's Lacrimal Groove. A more or less 
 pronounced groove extending downward 
 from the lower orifice of the nasal duct. V.'s 
 Ventricle, the fifth ventricle. 
 
 Vergences (ver'-jen-sez) [vergere, to bend]. 
 A term applied to associated disjunctive 
 movements of the eyes, e. g., convergence, 
 divergence. 
 
 Vergens (ver'-jens) [L.]. Inclining. V. deor- 
 sum, inclining downward, as of the axis of 
 vision in one eye in strabismus. V. sursum, 
 upward inclination. 
 
 Verheijn's Stars. See Verheyen, Stars of. 
 
 Verheyen, Stars of. Venous plexuses of 
 stellate form situated on the surface of the 
 kidney, beneath its capsule. 
 
 Vermiceous (ver-misk '-us) [vermis]. Relating 
 to worms. 
 
 Vermicide {ver' -mis-id) [vermis; ccedere, to kill]. 
 An agent that destroys intestinal worms. 
 
 Vermicular (ver-mik' -u-lar) [vermis]. Worm- 
 like. 
 
 Vermiculation (ver-mik-u-la'-shun) [vermis]. 
 A worm -like motion; peristaltic motion. 
 
 Vermicule (ver'-mik-ul) [vermis]. The sexually 
 produced embryo of the malarial parasite. 
 
 Vermiform (ver'-mif-orm) [vermis; forma, a 
 form]. Worm-shaped. V. Appendix. See 
 Appendix, Vermiform. V. Process, In- 
 ferior and Superior, the inferior and su- 
 perior surfaces of the middle lobe of the 
 cerebellum. 
 
 Vermifugal (ver-mif -u-gal) [vermifuge]. Hav- 
 ing the qualities of a vermifuge; expelling 
 worms. 
 
 Vermifuge {ver' -mif-uj) [vermis; fugare, to 
 expel]. An agent that expels intestinal worms. 
 
 Vermilingual, Vermilinguial (ver -me- lin' - 
 gwal, -gwe-al) [vermis; lingua, tongue]. Hav- 
 ing a worm-shaped tongue. 
 
 Vermilion (yer-mil'-yun). Red mercury sulfid. 
 
 Verminal (ver'-min-al). Relating to or due 
 to worms. 
 
 Vermination (ver-min-a' -shun) [vermis]. In- 
 festation with worms. 
 
 Verminous (ver' -min-us) [vermis]. Infested 
 with worms. 
 
 Vermis (ver' -mis) [L.]. i. A worm. 2. The 
 middle lobe of the cerebellum. V., Inferior, 
 of the cerebellum. See Process, Superior 
 Vermiform. V., Superior, of the cerebellum. 
 See Process, Superior Vermiform. 
 
 Vernal (ver'-nal) [vernalis, of the spring]. 
 Pertaining to the spring. V. Conjunctivitis, 
 a form of conjunctivitis recurring each spring 
 or summer, and disappearing with frost. 
 
 Vernin (ver'-nin), C 16 H 20 N 8 O s . A leukomain 
 base found in young vetch, clover, ergot, etc., 
 and yielding guanin on heating with hydro- 
 chloric acid. 
 
 Vernix caseosa [L., "cheesy varnish"]. A 
 sebaceous deposit covering the surface of 
 the fetus. 
 
 Veronal (ver'-on-al). Diethylmalonylurea, a 
 white, crystalline substance used as a hypnotic. 
 Dose 7-20 gr. (0.5-1.3 Gm.). 
 
 Verruca (ver-u'-kah) [L.]. Wart. V. ne- 
 crogenica, a warty excrescence found on the 
 fingers of those who frequently handle the 
 tissues of tuberculous subjects. Syn., Ana- 
 tomic tubercle; Dissection tubercle. 
 
 Verrucose, Verrucous (ver'-u-kos, ver'-u-kus) 
 [verruca]. Warty; covered with or having 
 warts. 
 
 Verruga (ver-u'-gah) [Sp.]. 1. See Verruca. 
 2. Verruga peruana. V. peruana, an ende- 
 mic specific disease of the skin, occurring in 
 the western Andes in Peru. It is characterized 
 by the development of small raised spots 
 which become conic, cylindric, or hemispheric 
 tumors, in size from a pea to an orange. There 
 may be hundreds of the tumors, which ulcerate 
 and fungate. Severe febrile symptoms pre- 
 cede the eruption and death usually results 
 from profound anemia. Syn., Carrion'' s Dis- 
 ease; Peruvian Wart. 
 
 Verruges (ver-u'-gah s). See Verruga peruana. 
 
 Version (ver'-zhun) [vertere, to turn]. Turning; 
 an operation whereby one part of the fetus 
 is made to replace another at the mouth 
 of the uterus. V., Bipolar, version by acting 
 upon both poles of the fetus. V., Cephalic, 
 turning of the fetus so as to bring the head to 
 present. V., Combined, bipolar version con- 
 sisting of a combination of external and in- 
 ternal version. V., External, that effected 
 by external manipulation. V., Internal, 
 that performed by entering the hand within 
 the uterus. V., Podalic, that in which one or 
 both feet are brought to the mouth of the 
 uterus. V., Spontaneous, the process whereby 
 without external influence, a transverse 
 position is changed into a longitudinal one. 
 
 Verstraeten's Bruit. See Bruit, Verstraeten's. 
 
 Vertebra (ver'-teb-rah) [L., "a joint; a bone of 
 the spine"]. One of the bones forming the 
 spinal or vertebral column. There are 33 ver- 
 tebras, divided into 7 cervical, 12 thoracic or 
 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (the sacrum), 4 
 coccygeal (the coccyx). A typical vertebra 
 consists of a body and an arch, the latter being 
 formed by 2 pedicles and 2 laminas. The 
 arch supports 7 processes : 4 articular, 2 trans- 
 verse, and 1 spinous. V., Basilar, the last 
 lumbar vertebra. V. dentata, the axis. V. 
 prominens, the seventh cervical vertebra. 
 
 Vertebradymia (ver-te-brah-dim'-e-ah). See 
 Spondylodidymia. 
 
 Vertebral (ver'-teb-ral) [vertebra]. 1. Pertaining 
 to or characteristic of a vertebra; made up of 
 or possessing vertebras. 2. Pertaining to the 
 vertebral artery. V. Artery. See Artery, 
 Vertebral. 
 
 Vertebralis (ver-te-bra'-lis). The vertebral ar- 
 tery. 
 
 Vertebrarterial (ver-teb-rar-te' -re-aT) [vertebra; 
 artery]. Giving passage to the vertebral ar- 
 
VERTEBRATE 
 
 1022 
 
 VESICOSPINAL 
 
 tery, as the vertebr arterial foramens in the 
 transverse processes of the cervical vertebras. 
 
 Vertebrate, Vertebrated {ver'-teb-rat, ver'-teb- 
 ra-ted) [vertebra], i. Having a vertebral col- 
 umn. 2. Resembling a vertebral column in 
 flexibility, as a vertebrate catheter. 
 
 Vertebrectomy {yer-te-brek' -to-me) [vertebra; 
 £K~o[ii], excision]. Excision of a portion of 
 a vertebra. 
 
 Vertebro- {yer-teb-ro-) [vertebra]. A prefix 
 denoting pertaining to a vertebra. 
 
 Vertebrochondral {ver-teb-ro-kon'-dral) [ver- 
 tebro-; yovopbc, cartilage]. Connecting the 
 costal cartilages with the vertebras. 
 
 Vertebrocostal (ver-teb-ro-kos'-tal) [vertebro-; 
 costa, a rib]. Pertaining to the vertebras and 
 the ribs. 
 
 Vertebroiliac (yer-teb-ro-il'-e-ak) [vertebra-; 
 ilium]. Pertaining to the vertebras and the 
 ilium. 
 
 Vertebrosacral {ver-teb-ro-sa'-kral) [vertebro-; 
 sacrum]. Pertaining to the vertebras and 
 the sacrum. 
 
 Vertebrosternal {ver-teb-ro-ster'-nal) [vertebro-; 
 sternum]. Extending from the spinal column 
 to the sternum. V. Ribs, the true ribs. 
 
 Vertex {ver'-teks) [L.]. The crown or top of 
 the head. V. Presentation, a presentation 
 of the vertex of the fetal skull. 
 
 Vertical {ver'-tik-al) [vertex], i. Pertaining to 
 the vertex. 2. Perpendicular. 
 
 Verticomental (ver-tik-o-men'-tal) [vertex; men- 
 turn, the chin]. Pertaining to the vertex and 
 the chin. 
 
 Vertiginous (yer-tif-in-us) [vertigo]. Resem- 
 bling or affected with vertigo. 
 
 Vertigo {ver'-tig-o) [L., from vertere, to turn]. 
 Giddiness, dizziness; a sensation of lack of 
 equilibrium. It may be due to disease of the 
 ears {auditory or aural vertigo), the eyes {ocular 
 vertigo), the brain {cerebral vertigo), the stom- 
 ach {gastric vertigo), the blood etc. V., 
 Aural. See Meniere's Disease. V., Epi- 
 leptic, vertigo associated with or preceding 
 an attack of epilepsy. V., Essential, one 
 not due to any discoverable cause. V., In- 
 testinal. 1. That caused by intestinal dis- 
 order. 2. That caused by pressure on the 
 terminal portions of the intestine by gas or 
 feces, or even when the finger is introduced 
 into the rectum and irritates the intestinal 
 wall. It is thought to be due to pressure on 
 the hemorrhoidal plexus of the sympathetic 
 system. V., Labyrinthine. See Meniere's 
 Disease. V., Objective, one in which objects 
 seem to the patient to move. V., Paralyzing. 
 See Gerlier's Disease. V., Stomachal, 
 gastric vertigo, caused by disorder of the s'.om- 
 ach. V., Subjective, one in which the patient 
 has a sensation as if he himself were moving. 
 
 Verumontanum {ver-u-mon-ta' -num) [veru, a 
 spit; mons, a mountain]. The caput gal- 
 linaginis, a longitudinal ridge on the floor of 
 the prostatic urethra. 
 
 Vesalius' Foramen. An inconstant foramen 
 in the base of the skull, anterointernal to the 
 foramen ovale; it transmits an emissary vein. 
 
 V.'s Glands, the bronchial and pulmonary 
 glands. V.'s Ligament. See Ligament, 
 Poupart's. V.'s Sesamoid Bones, fibrocar- 
 tilaginous or osseous bodies often found in the 
 tendons of the gastrocnemius. V.'s Vein, a 
 small vein through which the pterygoid 
 plexus communicates with the cavernous 
 sinus. 
 
 Vesanic {ves-an'-ik) [yesania, unsoundness of 
 mind]. Relating to insanity. 
 
 Vesica {ves'-ik-ah) [L.]. The bladder. 
 
 Vesical {yes' -ik-al) [vesica]. Pertaining to 
 the bladder. V. Calculus, a stone in the 
 bladder. V. Crisis, severe paroxysmal 
 pain in the bladder occurring in locomotor 
 ataxia. 
 
 Vesicant {ves' -ik-ant) [vesicare, to blister]. 
 1. Blistering. 2. A blistering agent. 
 
 Vesication (yes-ik-a'-shun) [see Vesicant]. 
 The formation of a blister; a blister. 
 
 Vesicatory {ves' -ik-at-o-re) [see Vesicant]. 1. 
 Blistering. 2. A blistering agent. 
 
 Vesicle (ves'-ik-l) [vesicula, dim. of vesica, 
 bladder]. 1. A small bladder; especially a 
 small sac containing fluid. 2. A small blis- 
 ter on the skin, as a herpetic or smallpox 
 vesicle. V., Allantoic, the internal hollow 
 portion of the allantois. V., Auditory, an 
 ectodermic sac, a part of the cerebral vesicle, 
 from which the internal ear is formed. V., 
 Blastodermic. See Blastoderm. V.s, Ce- 
 rebral, divisions of the anterior extremity of 
 the neural tube of the embryo, subsequently 
 forming the segments of the brain. V., 
 Germinal, the nucleus of the ovum. V., 
 Graafian. See Follicle, Graafian. V., 
 Optic, a hollow process of the cerebral vesicle 
 forming the essential part of the eye. V., 
 Otic. See V., Auditory. V., Prostatic. 
 See Uterus masculinus. V., Seminal, one 
 of the two little sacs situated at the base of the 
 bladder and serving as reservoirs for the semen. 
 V., Umbilical. See Yolk-sac. 
 
 Vesico- (ves-ik-o-) [vesica]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to the bladder. 
 
 Vesicoabdominal {ves-ik-o-ab-dom' -in-al) [ves- 
 ico-; abdomen]. Pertaining to the abdomen 
 and the urinary bladder. 
 
 Vesicocele {yes' -ik-o-sel) [vesico-; ktjXtj, hernia]. 
 Hernia of the bladder. 
 
 Vesicocervical {ves-ik-o-ser'-vik-al) [vesico-; 
 cervix]. Pertaining to the cervix uteri and 
 the urinary bladder. 
 
 Vesicofixation {ves-ik-o-fiks-a'-shun) [vesico-; 
 fixation]. 1. The operation of suturing the 
 bladder to the abdominal wall. 2. The 
 surgical attachment of the uterus to the 
 bladder. 
 
 Vesicoprostatic {ves-ik-o-pros-tat'-ik) [vesico-; 
 prostate]. Pertaining to the prostate gland 
 and the urinary bladder. 
 
 Vesicopubic {ves-ik-o-pu'-bik) [vesico-; pubis]. 
 Pertaining to the urinary bladder and to the 
 pubes. 
 
 Vesicorectal {ves-ik-o-rek' -tal) [vesico-; rectum]. 
 Pertaining to the bladder and the rectum. 
 
 Vesicospinal {ves-ik-o-spi'-nal) [vesico-; spina, 
 
VESICOTOMY 
 
 1023 
 
 VIBURNUM 
 
 spine]. Pertaining to the urinary bladder 
 and the spinal cord. 
 
 Vesicotomy (yes-ik-of -o-me) [vesico-; xi/ivecv, 
 to cut]. Incision of the bladder. 
 
 Vesicoumbilical (ves-ik-o-um-bil' -ik-al) [ves- 
 ica-; umbilicus]. Pertaining to the umbilicus 
 and the urinary bladder. 
 
 Vesicourachal {yes-ik-o-u' -rak-al) . Relating to 
 the bladder and the urachus. 
 
 Vesicouterine {yes -ik-o-u' - ter - in) [vesico-; 
 uterus]. Pertaining to the urinary bladder 
 and the uterus. 
 
 Vesicouterovaginal (ves-ik-o-u-ter-o-vaf -in-aV) . 
 Relating to the bladder, uterus, and vagina. 
 
 Vesicovaginal (yes-ik-o-vaf '-in-aJ) [vesico-; va- 
 gina]. Pertaining to the bladder and the 
 vagina. 
 
 Vesicula (yes-ik' -u-lah) [dim. of vesica, a 
 bladder]. A vesicle. V. graafiana. See 
 Follicle, Graafian. Vesicular nabothii. See 
 Ovule (2). V. prostaiica, the sinus pocularis. 
 Vesiculae serninales. See Vesicle, Seminal. 
 
 Vesicular (yes-ik' -u-lar) [vesicle]. 1. Pertain- 
 ing to or composed of vesicles. 2. Produced 
 in vesicles, as vesicular breathing, vesicular 
 murmur. V. Column, a column of ganglion- 
 cells at the base of the posterior horn of the 
 spinal cord. V. Column, Posterior. See 
 Column of Clarke. V. Eczema, eczema 
 attended with the formation of vesicles. V. 
 Rale, the crepitant rale. 
 
 Vesiculated (yes-ik' '-u-la-ted) [vesicle]. Com- 
 posed of vesicles. 
 
 Vesiculation (yes-ik-u-la' -shun) [vesicle]. The 
 formation of vesicles; the state of becoming 
 vesiculated. 
 
 Vesiculiferous (yes-ik-u-lif -er-us) [vesicle; 
 ferre, to bear]. Bearing or having vesicles. 
 
 Vesiculitis (yes-ik-u-W -tis) [vesicle; cue, in- 
 flammation]. Inflammation of the seminal 
 vesicles. 
 
 Vesiculobronchial [yes -ik-u-lo- brong'- ke - at) 
 [vesicle; bronchus]. Both vesicular and bron- 
 chial. 
 
 Vesiculocavernous (yes - ik -u-lo- kav'- er - nus) 
 [vesicle; cavernous]. Both vesicular and 
 cavernous. 
 
 Vesiculotympanitic (ves-ik-u-lo-tim-pan-iV -ik) 
 [vesicle; tympanum]. Both vesicular and 
 tympanitic. 
 
 Vespajus (yes-pa'-jus) [vespa, a wasp]. A fol- 
 licular, suppurative inflammation of the hairy 
 part of the scalp. 
 
 Vessel (ves'-el) [Fr., from vasculum, a vessel]. 
 A receptacle for fluids, especially a tube or 
 canal for conveying blood or lymph. 
 
 Vestibular (ves-tib' -u-lar) [vestibule]. Pertain- 
 ing to a vestibule. 
 
 Vestibule (ves'-tib-uT) [vestibulum, a porch]. 
 An approach; an antechamber. V. of the 
 Ear, the oval cavity of the internal ear, 
 which forms the entrance to the cochlea. 
 V. of the Nose, the anterior part of the 
 nostrils. V. of the Vagina, V. of the 
 Vulva, a triangular space below the clitoris 
 and between the nymphas. 
 
 Vestibulourethral (yes -tib -u-lo -u-re'-thraT). 
 
 Relating to the bulbi vestibuli and to the 
 urethra. 
 
 Vestibulum (yes-tib' -u-lum). See Vestibule. 
 Generally applied to the vestibule of the ear. 
 
 Vestige (ves'-tij) [vestigium, footprint]. A 
 trace or remnant of something formerly 
 present or more fully developed. 
 
 Vestigial (ves-tif-e-al) [vestige]. Of the nature 
 of a vestige or trace; rudimentary. V. Fold, 
 a fibrous band of the pericardium representing 
 the obliterated left innominate vein. 
 
 Vesuvin (ves-u'-vin) [Vesuvius, a volcano near 
 Naples]. Bismarck-brown, triamidobenzol; 
 a stain used in microscopy. 
 
 Veterinarian (yet-er-in-a' -re-an) [see Veterinary]. 
 One who practises veterinary medicine. 
 
 Veterinary (yet'-er-in-a-re) [yeterinarius, from 
 veterina, a beast of burden]. Pertaining to 
 domestic animals. V. Medicine, medicine 
 as applied to the domestic animals. 
 
 Via (vi'-ah) [L.]. A way. Vias naturales, 
 the natural passages. See Prima vice. 
 
 Viability (vi-ab-iV -it-e) [viable]. The state of 
 being viable. 
 
 Viable (yi'-ab-t) [yiabilis, viable]. Capable of 
 living; likely to live; applied to a fetus capable 
 of living outside of the uterus. 
 
 Vial (yi'-al) [ficaArj, a shallow cup]. A small 
 bottle. 
 
 Vibex (vi'-beks) [L.; pi., vibices]. A linear 
 ecchymosis. 
 
 Vibrate (vi'-brat) [vibrare, to shake]. To move 
 to and fro. 
 
 Vibratile (vi'-bra-til) [see Vibrate]. Moving 
 to and from; vibrating. 
 
 Vibration (vi-bra' -shun) [see Vibrate]. The 
 act of moving to and fro. 
 
 Vibrator (yi' -bra-tor) [see Vibrate]. A device 
 for conveying mechanic vibration to a 
 part. 
 
 Vibrio (vib'-re-o) [see Vibrate]. A genus of 
 Schizomycetes. See under Bacteria. 
 
 Vibrissa (vib-ris'-ah) [L.]. One of the hairs 
 near the opening of the anterior nares. 
 
 Vibromassage (vi-bro-mas-ahzh 1 ) . 1. See M as- 
 sage, Vibratory. 2. A form of pneumomas- 
 sage for the ear. 
 
 Vibrometer (vi-brom' -et-er) [vibrate; fikxpov, a 
 measure]. A device for the treatment of 
 deafness, by which rapid vibrations of the 
 membrana tympani are induced. 
 
 Vibrophone (vi' -bro-fon) [vibrate; (f>covr h sound]. 
 A device for applying sound massage to the 
 membrana tympani in treatment of deafness. 
 
 Vibrotherapeutics {vi - bro - ther -ap-u' - tiks) . 
 The therapeutic application of vibration. 
 
 Viburnum (vi-bur'-num). A genus of the 
 Capri] oliacece. The dried bark of V . opulus, 
 cranberry -tree, cramp-bark, is official in the 
 U. S. P., and is used in dysmenorrhea, scurvy, 
 asthma, etc. The dried bark of the root of 
 V . prunifolium or of V. lentago is official in 
 the U. S. P., and is used in dysmenorrhea, 
 threatened abortion, menorrhagia, etc. V. 
 opulus, Fluidextract of (fluidextractum 
 vibumi opuli, U. S. P.). Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 
 Cc). V. prunifolium, Fluidextract of 
 
VICARIOUS 
 
 1024 
 
 VIOLET 
 
 (fluidextr actum viburni prunifolii, U. S. P.). 
 Dose 1-2 dr. (4-8 Cc). 
 
 Vicarious (vi-ka'-re-us) [vices, changes]. Tak- 
 ing the place of something else; of a habitual 
 discharge occurring in an abnormal situation, 
 as vicarious menstruation. 
 
 Vice (vis) [L., vitium]. 1. A physical defect, 
 as a vice of conformation. 2. A moral defect; 
 a bad habit. 
 
 Vichy Water (ve-she). A mildly laxative 
 and antacid mineral water obtained from 
 Vichy, in France, and used in rheumatic and 
 gouty conditions and in disorders of the liver. 
 
 Vicq d'Azyr's Band, V. d'A.'s Stripe 
 (vik-dah-zer). See Baillarger's Layer. V. 
 d'A.'s Bundle, a tract of nerve-fibers passing 
 from the corpus albicans to the anterior 
 nucleus of the optic thalamus. V. d'A.'s 
 Foramen, the foramen caecum at the upper 
 end of the median groove of the anterior sur- 
 face of the oblongata. 
 
 Vidian Artery. A branch of the internal 
 maxillary artery; it passes through the vid- 
 ian canal and is distributed to the pharynx 
 and eustachian tube. V. Canal, a canal of the 
 sphenoid bone at the base of the internal 
 pterygoid plate, opening anteriorly into the 
 sphenomaxillary fossa, and posteriorly into 
 the lacerated foramen. It transmits the vidian 
 nerve and vessels. V. Nerve, a branch 
 given off from the sphenopalatine ganglion. 
 
 Vieirin (vi-e'-ir-in). A principle from the 
 bark of Remijia vellosii, one of the cuprea- 
 barks. It is an amorphous white substance 
 with an aromatic odor and bitter taste. It is 
 soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and is 
 used as a febrifuge instead of quinin. Dose 
 1-4 gr. (0.065-0.25 Gm.) several times daily. 
 
 Vienna Paste (ve-en'-ah). See Paste, Vienna. 
 
 Vieussens' Annulus. A small nerve passing 
 between the middle and lower cervical, 
 or first dorsal, ganglions and forming a loop 
 around the subclavian artery. Syn., Ansa 
 subclavia. V.'s Centrum ovale. See Cen- 
 trum ovale vieussenii. V.'s Ganglion, the 
 solar plexus. V.'s Isthmus, V.'s Ring, the 
 annulus ovalis. V.'s Valve. See Valve of 
 Vieussens. V.'s Ventricle, the fifth ventricle. 
 
 Vigil (vij'-il) [L.]. Watchful wakefulness. 
 V., Coma. See Coma Vigil. 
 
 Vigilambulism (vij-il-am' -bu-lizm) [vigil; am- 
 bulare, to walk]. Ambulatory automatism 
 in the waking state. 
 
 Vigintinormal (vij -in -te- nor' - maV) [viginti, 
 twenty; norma, rule]. Possessing one-twen- 
 tieth of what is normal. 
 
 Vignal's Cells. Embryonic connective-tissue 
 (mesenchymatous) cells lying upon the axis- 
 cylinders of which the fetal nerve-fibers are 
 made up. At first globular, these cells elon- 
 gate and gradually fuse until they form a 
 complete sheath around the axis-cylinder. 
 
 Vigoral (vig'-o-ral). A proprietary preparation 
 of beef. 
 
 Vigouroux's Sign (yig-oo-roo). See Sign, 
 Vigouroux's. 
 
 Villatte's Liquor. A preparation used for 
 
 injecting into carious bones, consisting of zinc 
 sulfate and copper sulfate, each, 15 gr.; lead 
 subacetate solution, \ dr., and dilute acetic 
 acid, $\ dr. 
 
 Villi (vil'-i). Plural of villus. 
 
 Villiferous (vil-if -er-us) [villus; ferre, to bear]. 
 Furnished with tufts of hairs or villi. 
 
 Villose, Villous (vil'-oz, vil'-us) [villus]. Per- 
 taining to a villus; covered with villi; charac- 
 terized by the formation of villus-like projec- 
 tions. 
 
 Villosity (vil-os'-it-e) [villus]. 1. The state of 
 being villous. 2. A proliferation of a mem- 
 branous surface. 
 
 Villus (vil'-us) [L., "a tuft of hair"; pi., villi]. 
 1. One of the minute club-shaped projections 
 from the mucous membrane of the intestine, 
 consisting of a lacteal vessel, an arteriole, 
 and a vein, inclosed in a layer of epithe- 
 lium. 2. One of the vascular tufts of the 
 chorion. 
 
 Vinasse (ve-nas) [Ft.]. Potash obtained from 
 the residue of the wine-press. 
 
 Vinca (ving'-kah) [L., "periwinkle"]. A 
 genus of plants, periwinkle. V . major and V. 
 minor are astringent, vulnerary, and anti- 
 galactic. 
 
 Vincent's Angina. Diphtheroid angina due 
 to the bacillus of pseudodiphtheria. Syn., 
 Ulceromembranous angina. V.'s Sign. See 
 Argyll Robertson Pupil. 
 
 Vincetoxicum (vin-se-toks' -ik-um) [vincere, to 
 subdue; toxicum, poison]. A genus of the 
 order A sclepiadacece. The root of V. officinale, 
 swallowwort, indigenous to Europe, is used 
 as an emetic and in menstrual disorders. 
 
 Vinculum (vin' -ku-lum) [L.]. A band. Vin- 
 cula accessoria tendinum, the slender 
 tendinous filaments which connect the pha- 
 langes with the flexor tendons. 
 
 Vinegar (vin'-e-gar) [Fr., vin, wine; aigre, 
 sour]. 1. An impure solution of acetic acid, 
 obtained by acetous fermentation of wine, 
 beer, cider, etc., or by the dry distillation of 
 wood. It is used as a condiment. 2. A 
 solution of a medicinal substance in vinegar 
 or acetic acid. Only two vinegars are official 
 in the U. S. P.: vinegar of opium (acetum 
 opii, U. S. P.) and vinegar of squill (acetum 
 SCillCB, U. S. P.). 
 
 Vinic (vi'-nik) [yinum]. Pertaining to wine; 
 obtained from wine. 
 
 Vinous (vi'-nus) [yinum]. Having the nature 
 of wine; containing wine. 
 
 Vinum (vi'-num) [L.]. A wine. See Wine. 
 
 Viof orm (vi'-o-form) . See I odochloroxyquinolin. 
 
 Viola (vi'-o-lah) [L., "violet"]. A genus of 
 plants of the Violariece, including V. tricolor, 
 heart's-ease, V. odorata, V. cucullata. V. 
 odorata, as well as other species, is used in 
 bronchitis. 
 
 Violet (vi'-o-let) [viola]. 1. One of the colors 
 of the spectrum, very closely resembling the 
 purple of violets and possessing the greatest 
 refrangibility of the spectral colors. 2. A 
 violet dyestuff. V., Gentian-, a violet 
 anilin dye used for staining in histologic 
 
VIOLIN 
 
 1025 
 
 VISUOAUDITORY 
 
 and bacteriologic work. V., Methyl-. See 
 
 Methyl-violet. 
 
 Violin (vi'-o-lin) [viola]. An emetocathartic 
 alkaloid from Viola tricolor. 
 
 Violinist's Cramp, Violin -player's Cramp. 
 An occupation-neurosis occurring in violin- 
 players, and characterized by spasm of the 
 fingers used in playing. 
 
 Viraginity (yir-aj-in'-it-e) [virago, a bold 
 woman]. A form of sexual perversion in which 
 the female individual is essentially male in her 
 feelings and tastes. 
 
 Virchow's Bone-cells. The cells found in 
 lacunas of bone. V.'s Corpuscles. See 
 Toynbee's Corpuscles. V.'s Crystals. See 
 Crystals, Virchow's. V.'s 'Degeneration, 
 amyloid degeneration. V.'s Disease, leontia- 
 sis ossea. V.'s Gland, the jugular gland; a 
 lymphatic gland situated behind the clavic- 
 ular insertion of the stern omastoid. V.'s 
 Granulations, granulations consisting princi- 
 pally of ependymal and neuroglia fibers, 
 commonly found in the walls of the ventricles 
 of the brain in progressive general paralysis. 
 V.'s Law, the cellular elements of a tumor 
 are derived from preexisting tissue-cells. 
 
 Virchow-Hassall's Bodies. See HassalVs 
 Bodies. 
 
 Virchow-Robin's Space. An adventitious 
 lymph-space found between the adventitia and 
 media of the blood-vessels of the brain and 
 communicating with the subarachnoid space. 
 
 Virgin (vur'-jin) [virgo, a maid]. A woman 
 who has never had sexual intercourse. 
 
 Virginal (vur'-jin-al) [virgin]. Pertaining to 
 virginity. 
 
 Virginity (vur-jin'-it-e) [virgin]. The con- 
 dition of being a virgin. 
 
 Virile (vir'-il) [virilis, from vir, a man]. Per- 
 taining to or characteristic of the man. V. 
 Member, the penis. 
 
 Virility iyir-il' -it-e) [virile]. The condition of 
 being virile; procreative power. 
 
 Viripotent (vir-ip' '-o-tent) [vir, a man; potens, 
 able]. Marriageable. 
 
 Virola-tallow. An oil or fat from the seeds of 
 Myristica sebifera; a remedy for rheumatism. 
 
 Virose, Virous (vi'-roz, vi'-rus) [virosus, 
 poisonous]. Poisonous; having a poisonous 
 taste or smell. 
 
 Virtual Focus (vur'-tu-al fo'-kus). See Focus, 
 Negative. 
 
 Virulence {vir' -u -lens) [virus]. Malignity; 
 noxiousness; infectiousness. 
 
 Virulent iyir' -u-lent) [virus]. Having the 
 nature of a poison. 
 
 Virus (vi'-rus) [L.]. The poison of an infec- 
 tious disease, especially one found in the 
 secretion or tissues of an individual or animal 
 suffering from an infectious disease. V., 
 Humanized, vaccine-lymph taken from the 
 vaccine pustule of a human subject. 
 
 Vis [L.]. Force; energy; power. V. a fronte, 
 a force that attracts. V. a tergo, a force 
 that pushes something before it. V. forma- 
 tiva, energy manifesting itself in the forma- 
 tion of new tissue to replace that which 
 66 
 
 has been destroyed. V. medicatrix naturae, 
 the healing power of nature apart from 
 medicinal treatment. 
 
 Viscera (vis'-er-ah). Plural of viscus. 
 
 Visceral (vis' '-er-al) [viscera]. Pertaining to a 
 viscus. V. Cleft. See Cleft, Visceral. 
 
 Visceralgia (vis-er-al' -je-ah) [viscera; aX^oc;, 
 pain]. Pain in a viscus. 
 
 Viscerimotor {yis-er-im-o' -tor) [viscera; motor]. 
 Conveying motor impulses to a viscus. 
 
 Visceripericardial (vis-er ip - er - ik - ar'- de - al) 
 [viscera; pericardium]. Common to the peri- 
 cardium and the viscera. 
 
 Viscero- (vis-er-o-) [viscera]. A prefix denot- 
 ing pertaining to the viscera. 
 
 Visceroinhibitory (vis-er-o-in-hib'-it-o-re). In- 
 hibiting the movements of viscera. 
 
 Visceroptosis (vis-er-o-to'-sis) [viscero- ;7ixwacg, a 
 falling]. Abdominal ptosis; Glehard's disease. 
 
 Viscerosomatic (vis-er-o-so-mat'-ik) [viscero-; 
 ooj/j.a, body]. Relating to the viscera and the 
 body. 
 
 Viscid (vis' -id) [viscidus, sticky]. Sticky; 
 adhesive; glutinous. 
 
 Viscidity (vis-id' '-it-e) [viscid]. The state of 
 being viscid. Same as Viscosity. 
 
 Viscin (vis'-in) [viscum]. A mucilaginous ex- 
 tract of mistletoe. 
 
 Viscose (vis'-kos) [viscum]. i. See Viscous. 
 2. A gummy product of viscous fermentation. 
 
 Viscosity (vis-kos'-it-e). The state of being 
 viscous. 
 
 Viscous (vis'-kus). Viscid. 
 
 Viscum (yis'-kum) [L.]. A genus of plants, 
 including the mistletoe, of the order Loran- 
 thacece, growing as parasites upon trees. 
 V. album, European mistletoe, and V. fla- 
 vescens, or Phoradendran favescens, American 
 mistletoe, contain a viscid principle, viscin, 
 which is the chief constituent. 
 
 Viscus (vis'-kus) [L.]. Any one of the organs 
 inclosed within one of the four great cavities, 
 the cranium, thorax, abdominal cavity, or 
 pelvis; especially one within the abdominal 
 cavity. 
 
 Visibility (yiz-ib-il'-it-e). The state of being 
 visible. 
 
 Visible (viz'-ib-T) [vision]. Capable of being 
 seen. 
 
 Vision (yizh'-un) [videre, to see]. The act of 
 seeing; sight. V.. Binocular. See Binocu- 
 lar Vision. V., Central, vision with the 
 macula lutea. V., Direct. See V., Central. 
 V., Double. See Diplopia. V., Indirect, vi- 
 sion with other parts of the retina than the 
 macula. V., Solid, V., Stereoscopic, the 
 perception of relief or depth of objects ob- 
 tained by binocular vision. 
 
 Visual (vizh'-u-al) [vision]. Pertaining to 
 vision. V. Purple, a pigmentary substance 
 in the retina reacting to light in a peculiar 
 manner, and thought to be intimately con- 
 nected with vision. See Rhodopsin. 
 
 Visuoauditory (viz-u-o-aw' -dit-o-re) [vision; 
 audire, to hear]. Pertaining to hearing and 
 seeing; of nerve-fibers, connecting the visual 
 and auditory centers. 
 
VISUOMETER 
 
 1026 
 
 VOLATILE 
 
 Visuometer {viz-u-om'-et-er) [vision; fikvpov, a 
 measure]. An apparatus for determining 
 range of vision. 
 
 Vital {vi'-tal) [vita, life]. Pertaining to life. 
 V. Capacity, the volume of air that can be 
 expelled from the lungs after a full inspiration. 
 V. Statistics, statistics of births, deaths, 
 marriages, and diseases in a community. 
 
 Vitalism {vi'-tal-izm) [see Vital]. The doc- 
 trine that ascribes the phenomena exhibited 
 by living organisms to the action of a vital 
 force distinct from mechanic or chemic force. 
 
 Vitalist {vi'-tal-ist) [see Vital]. A believer in 
 vitalism. 
 
 Vitalli's Test for Bile -pigments. Add to 
 the liquid a few drops of a potassium nitrite 
 solution and then some dilute sulfuric acid. 
 A beautiful green color will be produced, 
 changing to red or blue, and finally to yellow. 
 
 Vitals {yi'-talz) [see Vital]. A vulgar term for 
 the organs essential to life. 
 
 Vitellary {vif -el-a-re) [vitellus]. Pertaining to 
 •the vitellus. 
 
 Vitellin {vit-el'-in) [vitellus]. A globulin found 
 in egg-yolk. 
 
 Vitelline {vit-el'-in or vit'-el-in) [vitellus]. Per- 
 taining to the vitellus or yolk. V. Artery, 
 an artery passing from the yolk-sac to the 
 primitive aorta of the embryo. V. Duct, 
 the omphalomesaraic duct. V. Membrane, 
 the true membrane of the ovum, lying inside 
 of the zona pellucida. V. Veins, veins re- 
 turning the blood from the yolk-sac to the 
 primitive heart of the embryo. 
 
 Vitellus (yit-el'-us) [L.]. A yolk; specifically, 
 the yolk of the egg of the common fowl, 
 Gallus domesticus. 
 
 Vitiligines. The lineae albicantes. 
 
 Vitiligo {yit-il-i' -go) [L.]. Piebald skin, a 
 disease of the skin characterized by a disap- 
 pearance of the natural pigment, occurring 
 in patches and leaving whitish areas. 
 
 Vitiligoid {vit-iV -ig-oid) . Resembling vitiligo. 
 
 Vitiligoidea {vit-il-ig-oi' -de-ah) [vitiligo; eldog, 
 like]. Xanthoma. 
 
 Vitodynamic {vi-to-di-nam'-ik) [vita, life; 
 duvajj.cc, energy]. Relating to vital forces. 
 
 Vitreocapsulitis {vit-re-o-kap-su-li'-tis). See 
 Hyalitis. 
 
 Vitreous {vit'-re-us) [vitrum]. Glassy. The 
 vitreous humor {q. v.). V. Chamber, the 
 portion of the globe of the eye posterior to the 
 crystalline lens. V. Degeneration, hyaline 
 degeneration. V. Humor, V. Body, the 
 transparent, jelly-like substance filling the 
 posterior chamber of the eye. V. Table, the 
 hard, brittle, inner table of the skull. 
 
 Vitrescence {vit-res' '-ens) [vitrum]. The con- 
 dition of becoming hard and transparent 
 like glass. 
 
 Vitric {vit'-rik). Relating to glass or any 
 vitreous substance. 
 
 Vitriol {yit'-re-ol) [vitrum]. i. Sulfuric acid, 
 more commonly called oil of vitriol. 2. Any 
 crystalline salt of sulfuric acid. V., Blue, 
 copper sulfate. V., Green, ferrous sulfate 
 or copperas. V., White, .zinc sulfate. 
 
 Vitriolated {vit'-re-ol-a-ted). Containing vit- 
 riol; containing sulfur or sulfuric acid. 
 
 Vitriolation {vit -re-o- la'- shun) . Conversion 
 into glass or into a hyaloid structure. 
 
 Vitrum {vit'-rum) [L.]. Glass. 
 
 Vivification {viv-if-ik-a'-shun) [vivus, living; 
 facere, to make]. The act of making alive 
 or of converting into living tissue. 
 
 Viviparity {viv-ip-ar'-it-e) [vivus, living; parere, 
 to bring forth]. The bringing forth of living 
 offspring; the state of being viviparous. 
 
 Viviparous {viv-ip' -ar-us) [see Viviparity]. 
 Bringing forth the young alive — distinguished 
 from oviparous. 
 
 Viviperception iyiv-ip-er-sep' -shun) [vivus, liv- 
 ing; percipere, to perceive]. The study of 
 physiologic processes without dissection or 
 vivisection. 
 
 Vivisection {viv-is-ek' -shun) [vivus, living; 
 secare, to cut]. The dissection of a living 
 animal; experimentation upon an animal while 
 still alive. 
 
 Vivisectionist {viv-is-ek' -shun-ist) [see Vivi- 
 section]. A practiser or defender of vivisection; 
 a vivisector. 
 
 Vivisector {viv-is-ek' -tor) [see Vivisection]. One 
 who practises vivisection. 
 
 Vlemingkx's Solution. An application used 
 in Austria and Germany for treating acne. It 
 consists of lime, 1 ; sulfur, 2 ; water, 20. Slake 
 the lime, add the sulfur, and boil to 12 parts. 
 
 Vocal {vo'-kal) [vox, voice]. Pertaining to the 
 voice; pertaining to the organs producing the 
 voice. V. Bands, V. Cords. See under Lar- 
 ynx. V. Fremitus, the thrill conveyed to the 
 hand when applied to the chest during speak- 
 ing. V. Resonance, the resonance produced 
 by the voice as heard on auscultating the lung. 
 
 Vogt's Point. The point selected by Vogt 
 for trephining in cases of traumatic meningeal 
 hemorrhage. It is found at the intersection 
 of a horizontal line two fingerbrea'dths above 
 the zygomatic arch, with a vertical line a 
 thumb's breadth behind the ascending sphe- 
 nofrontal process of the zygoma. 
 
 Vohsen-Davidsohn's Sign. See Davidsohn's 
 Sign. 
 
 Voice {vois) [vox, a voice]. The sounds, 
 especially articulate sounds, produced by 
 the vibration of the vocal bands and modified 
 by the resonance organs. 
 
 Void [ME., voiden, to void]. To evacuate. 
 
 Voigt's Boundary-lines. The lines which 
 divide the regions of distribution of two 
 peripheral nerve-trunks. 
 
 Voillemier's Point. A point on the linea 
 alba 6 to 7 cm. below a line drawn between 
 the two anterior superior spines of the ilium; 
 suprapubic puncture of the bladder is made 
 at this point in fat or edematous subjects. 
 
 Voit's Nucleus. An accessory nucleus of the 
 corpus dentatum in the cerebellum. 
 
 Vola {vo'-lah) [L.]. The palm of the hand or 
 the sole of the foot. 
 
 Volar {vo'-lar) [vola]. Pertaining to the palm 
 or the sole. 
 
 Volatile {yol'-at-il) [volatilis, from volare, to 
 
VOLATILIZATION 
 
 1027 
 
 VULNERARY 
 
 fly]. Passing into vapor at ordinary tem- 
 peratures; evaporating. V. Oils. See Es- 
 sential Oils. 
 
 Volatilization {yol-at-il-i-za' -shun) [see Vol- 
 atile]. The act of volatilizing. 
 
 Volatilize {vol' -at-il-lz) [see Volatile]. To con- 
 vert into vapor by means of heat; to pass into 
 vapor. 
 
 Volkmann's Canals. See Canals, Volk- 
 mann's. V.'s Deformity. See Deformation, 
 Volkmann's. 
 
 Volley (vol'-e) [volare, to fly]. A series of 
 artificially induced muscle-twitches. 
 
 Volsella (vol-sel'-ah) [vellere, to pluck]. A 
 forceps having one or more hooks at the end 
 of each blade. 
 
 Volt (volt) [from Volta, an Italian scientist]. 
 The unit of electromotive force, or the force 
 sufficient to cause a current of one ampere to 
 flow against a resistance of one ohm. V.- 
 ampere, the amount of pressure developed 
 by a current of one ampere having an electro- 
 motive force of one volt. Syn., Watt. 
 
 Voltage (volt' -a j). Electromotive strength mea- 
 sured in volts. 
 
 Voltagram (volt'-ah-gram). A faradic battery 
 so arranged as to produce an almost con- 
 tinuous current. 
 
 Voltaic (vol-ta'-ik). Described by or named 
 after Volta, an Italian scientist. V. Elec- 
 tricity, galvanism. 
 
 Voltaism (vol' -ta-izm) . See Galvanism. 
 
 Voltameter (vol-tam 1 '-et-er) [volt; fitcpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for ascertaining 
 absolute quantities of electricity by electrolytic 
 decomposition. 
 
 Voltmeter (volt'-me-ter) [see Voltameter]. An 
 instrument for measuring the voltage of an 
 electric current. 
 
 Voltolini's Disease (vol-to-le'-ne). Primary 
 labyrinthitis: an affection of childhood, 
 characterized by meningitic symptoms, fol- 
 lowed by deafness, deaf-mutism, and a stag- 
 gering gait. 
 
 Voltolini-Heryng's Sign. See Heryng's Sign. 
 
 Volumetric (vol-u-meV '-rik) [yolumen, a roll; 
 fihpov, a measure]. Pertaining to measure- 
 ment by volume. V. Analysis. See Anal- 
 ysis, Volumetric. 
 
 Volumometer (vol-u-mom 1 '-e-ter) [see Volu- 
 metric]. An apparatus used for the purpose 
 of measuring changes in volume. 
 
 Voluntary {vol' -un-ta-re) [voluntarius, willing]. 
 Under the control of the will; performed by an 
 exercise of the will. V. Muscle, striped muscle. 
 
 Voluntomotory (vol-un-to-mo' -to-re) [volun- 
 tary; motor]. Pertaining to voluntary motion. 
 
 Volution (vol-u'-shun) [voluta, a spiral scroll]. 
 A convolution; a gyrus. 
 
 Volvulus (vol'-vu-lus) [volvere, to roll]. A 
 twisting of the bowel so as to occlude the 
 lumen, occurring most frequently in the 
 sigmoid flexure. 
 
 Vomer (vo'-mer) [L., "a plowshare"]. The 
 thin plate of bone situated vertically between 
 the nasal fossas, and forming the posterior 
 portion of the septum of the nose. 
 
 Vomerine {vo'-mer-in) [vomer]. Pertaining to 
 the vomer. 
 
 Vomerobasilar (vo-mer-o-bas'-il-ar). Re- 
 lating to the vomer and to the basal part of 
 the cranium. 
 
 Vomica (vom'-ik-ah) [vomicus, ulcerous]. A 
 cavity formed by the breaking down of 
 tissue ; especially a cavity in the lung. 
 
 Vomicose (vom'-ik-oz) [see Vomica]. Puru- 
 lent; ulcerative. 
 
 Vomit (vom'-it) [vomere, to vomit], i. To 
 expel from the stomach by vomiting. 2. Vom- 
 ited matter. V., Bilious, vomit stained with 
 bile. V., Black, the characteristic vomit 
 of yellow fever, a dark fluid consisting of 
 blood and the contents of the stomach. 
 V., Coffee-ground, vomit consisting of 
 broken-down blood and the contents of the 
 stomach; it is frequently seen in carcinoma 
 of the stomach. 
 
 Vomiting (vom'-it-ing) [vomit]. The forcible 
 ejection of the contents of the stomach through 
 the mouth. V., Cyclic, vomiting recurring 
 at regular periods. V., Pernicious, a 
 variety of vomiting occasionally seen in 
 pregnancy and becoming at times so exces- 
 sive as to threaten life. V., Stercoraceous, 
 the ejection of fecal matter in the vomit, 
 usually due to intestinal obstruction. 
 
 Vomito nigro (vo-me'-to ne'-gro). Yellow 
 fever. 
 
 Vomitory (vom'-it-or-e) [vomit]. 1. Any agent 
 that induces emesis. 2. A vessel to receive 
 ejecta. 
 
 Vomiturition (vom-it-u-rish'-un) [vomit]. In- 
 effectual attempt at vomiting; retching. 
 
 Vomitus (vom'-it-us) [vomit]. 1. Vomited mat- 
 ter. 2. The act of vomiting. .V. cruentus, 
 bloody vomit. V. niger, black vomit. 
 
 Von. For names with this prefix see the name 
 itself. 
 
 Von den Velden's Test for Hydrochloric 
 Acid in the Contents of the Stomach. 
 Filter-paper dipped into a watery or alcoholic 
 solution of tropeolin 00 turns ruby red or 
 brownish red on the application of free hydro- 
 chloric acid. 
 
 Voracious (vor-a'-shus) [vorare, to devour]. 
 Having an insatiable appetite or desire for food. 
 
 Vorticose (vor'-tik-oz) [vortex]. Whirling. V. 
 Veins. See Vence vorticosce. 
 
 Vox (voks) [L.]. The voice. 
 
 Vuerometer (vu-er-om' -et-er). An apparatus 
 for determining the distance of the eyes 
 from each other. 
 
 Vulcanite (vul'-kan-U) [Vulcan, the god of 
 fire]. Vulcanized caoutchouc. 
 
 Vulcanize (vul'-kan-iz) [see Vulcanite]. To 
 subject rubber to the process of vulcanization, 
 a process wherein it is treated with- sulfur 
 at a high temperature, and thereby rendered 
 either flexible or very hard (vulcanite). 
 
 Vulneral (vul'-ner-al). A proprietary salve 
 for wounds and ulcers. 
 
 Vulnerary (vuV -ner-a-re) [vulnus]. 1. Per- 
 taining to wounds; healing wounds. 2. An 
 agent useful in healing wounds. 
 
VULNUS 
 
 1028 
 
 WARREN'S FAT-COLUMNS 
 
 Vulnus iyul'-nus) [L.]. A wound. 
 
 Vulpian-Prevost's Law. See Prevost's Symp- 
 tom. 
 
 Vulsella, Vulsellum {yul-seV -ah, vul-seV -um) . 
 See Volsetta. 
 
 Vulva (vul'-vah) [volvere, to roll up]. The ex- 
 ternal organs of generation in the woman. 
 
 Vulval, Vulvar (vul'-val, vul'-var) [vulva]. 
 Pertaining to the vulva. 
 
 Vulvitis (vul-vi'-tis) [vulva;' ate, inflammation]. 
 Inflammation of the vulva. 
 
 Vulvo- (vul-vo-) [vulva]. A prefix denoting 
 pertaining to the vulva. 
 
 Vulvouterine {vul-vo-u' -ter-in) . Relating to 
 the vulva and the uterus considered together. 
 
 Vulvovaginal (vul-vo-vaf -in-al) [vulvo-; va- 
 gina]. Pertaining to the vulva and the vagina. 
 V. Gland, a small gland situated on each 
 side of the vulva near the vagina. Syn., 
 Gland of Bartholin. 
 
 Vulvovaginitis (vul-vo-vaj-in-i'-tis) [vulvo-; 
 vagina; itic, inflammation]. Inflammation 
 of the vulva and ■ of the vagina existing at the 
 same time. 
 
 Vutrin [vu'-trin). A concentrated powdered 
 meat-extract. 
 
 W 
 
 W. The symbol of tungsten iwoljramium). 
 
 Wachendorff's Membrane. The pupillary 
 membrane which covers the pupil during 
 fetal life. 
 
 Wachsmuth's Mixture. An anesthetic mixture 
 of oil of turpentine i part, chloroform 5 parts. 
 
 Wade's Balsam. A compound tincture of 
 benzoin. 
 
 Wafer (wa'-fer). A thin layer composed of 
 moistened flour, and used to inclose powders 
 that are taken internally. 
 
 Wagner's Corpuscles. See Meissner's Cor- 
 puscles. W.'s Spot, the germinal spot of the 
 germinal vesicle. 
 
 Wagstaffe's Fracture. Separation of the inter- 
 nal malleolus. 
 
 (von) Wahl's Sign. 1. Distention of the bowel 
 (local meteorism) above the point at which 
 there exists an obstruction. 2. A scraping or 
 blowing sound, synchronous with the cardiac 
 impulse, heard over an arterial trunk imme- 
 diately after the partial division, through 
 injury, of the vessel. 
 
 Wanoo (wa-hoo'). See Euonymus. 
 
 Walcher's Position. A dorsal posture with 
 the hips at the edge of the table and lower 
 extremities hanging. 
 
 Waldenberg's Apparatus {wahV -den-berg). 
 An apparatus constructed on the principle 
 of a gasometer, and used for compressing or 
 rarefying air, which is inhaled, or into which 
 the patient exhales. 
 
 Waldeyer's Fossa. Mesentericoparietal fossa. 
 See Broesike's Fossa. W.'s Germinal Epi- 
 thelium, the single layer of columnar 
 epithelial cells covering the free surface of 
 the ovary. W.'s Glands. See Glands, 
 Waldeyer's. W.'s Plasma-cells. See Cells, 
 Plasma- (2). W.'s Sulcus, the sulcus spiralis 
 of the cochlea. W.'s Tonsillar Ring, the ring 
 formed by the two faucial tonsils, the pharyn- 
 geal tonsil, and smaller groups of adenoid 
 follicles at the base of the tongue and behind 
 the posterior pillars of the fauces. W.'s Vas- 
 cular Layer, the internal or vascular layer 
 of the ovary. 
 
 Wall -diseases. Those due to the presence of 
 saltpeter by the penetration into the body 
 of the walls of houses of the bacilli of nitri- 
 fication, making the houses cold and unwhole- 
 some, especially in damp localities. 
 
 Wallerian Degeneration {wal-le' -re-an) 
 [from Waller, an English physician]. De 
 generation of a nerve consecutive upon its 
 section, the process consisting essentially in 
 segmentation of the myelin and subsequent 
 disappearance of the latter, together with the 
 axis-cylinder. W. Law, a nerve-fiber under- 
 goes degenerative changes when it is separated 
 from its trophic cells. 
 
 Walleye. A colloquial name for leukoma 
 of the cornea or for divergent strabismus. 
 
 Walther's Arteriosonervous Plexus. The 
 cavernous plexus. W.'s Ducts. See Ducts, 
 Walther's. W.'s Ganglion, the ganglion 
 impar or coccygeal ganglion. W.'s Oblique 
 Ligament, the ligamentous band extending 
 from the external malleolus inward to the 
 posterior surface of the astragalus. 
 
 Wandering {wan'-der-ing). 1. Moving about, 
 as wandering cells. 2. Abnormally movable, 
 as wandering spleen. 
 
 Warburg's Tincture. An antiperiodic and 
 diaphoretic mixture used in pernicious forms 
 of malaria, consisting of: Aqueous extract of 
 aloes, 28 gr.; rhubarb and angelica seed, 
 each, 448 gr. ; elecampane, saffron, and 
 fennel, each, 224 gr.; gentian, zedoary root, 
 cubeb, white agaric, camphor, and myrrh, 
 each, 112 gr. ; quinin sulfate, 1280 gr.; dilute 
 alcohol, sufficient to make 8 pints. 
 
 Ward's Paste. Confection of black pepper. 
 
 Wardrop's Disease. Onychia maligna. 
 W.'s Operation. See Operation, Ward- 
 rop's. 
 
 Warehouseman's Itch. Palmar eczema oc- 
 curring among the workmen in warehouses. 
 
 Warm-blooded. A term applied to animals 
 that maintain a uniform temperature what- 
 ever the changes in the surrounding medium. 
 
 Warming Plaster. See Plaster, Warming. 
 
 Warren's Fat-columns. Slender columns 
 
WART 
 
 1029 
 
 WEDL'S VESICULAR CELLS 
 
 of fatty tissue passing from the subcutaneous 
 adipose tissue to the base of the hair-follicles. 
 They are well developed over the dorsum of 
 the body, particularly near the median line. 
 
 Wart [AS., -wearte]. A hyperplasia of the 
 papillas of the skin, forming a small projec- 
 tion. See Verruca. W., Anatomic, W., 
 Postmortem. See Tubercle, Anatomic. 
 
 Warthin's Sign. Accentuation of the pulmon- 
 ary sound in acute pericarditis. 
 
 Warty. Resembling a wart; covered with 
 warts. 
 
 Wash. See Lotion. W., Black, lotio hydrar- 
 gyri nigra; mild mercuric chlorid in water 
 and lime-water. W., Yellow, lotio hydrargyri 
 flava, mercuric chlorid in lime-water. 
 
 Washerwoman's Itch. Eczema of the hands 
 occurring in washerwomen. 
 
 Washing Soda. Sodium carbonate. 
 
 Washleather-skin. A condition of the skin 
 in which certain metals, especially silver, 
 mark it with a black line. 
 
 Wasmann's Glands. The peptic glands. 
 
 Wasting Palsy. See Progressive Muscular 
 A trophy. 
 
 Watchmaker's Cramp. An occupation neu- 
 rosis occurring in watchmakers, and charac- 
 terized by painful cramps of the muscles of 
 the hands. 
 
 Water {waw'-ter). i. A transparent, inodorous, 
 tasteless fluid, boiling at 212 F. (ioo° C), 
 and freezing at 32 F. (o° C). Chemically 
 it is hydrogen monoxid, H 2 0. 2. A mineral 
 water. 3. A solution of a medicinal substance 
 in water, as ammonia-water {aqua ammonice 
 U. S. P.), chlorin-water {aqua chlori, U. S. P.), 
 etc. W.-bag, a rubber bag in which water 
 of varying degrees of temperature can be 
 introduced for topical application. W.-bed. 
 See Bed, Water-. W. -borne, of a disease, 
 produced by contaminated drinking-water. 
 W. on the Brain, hydrocephalus. W.- 
 brash. See Pyrosis. W. -cress, the plant 
 Nasturtium officinale. It is said to be a 
 specific remedy for beriberi. W. of Crys- 
 tallization, the water contained in certain 
 crystals, to which their crystalline structure 
 is due. W.- cure. See Hydrotherapeutics. 
 W. -glass, a solution of sodium silicate. 
 W. -hammer Pulse. See Corrigan's Pulse. 
 W., Hard, water containing soluble cal- 
 cium salts and not readily forming a 
 lather with soap. W., Javelle, a solution 
 of potassium hypochlorite, KCIO. W., 
 Mineral, a natural water containing mineral 
 substances in solution. W. of Pagliari, a 
 preparation employed in France as a hemo- 
 static, consisting of crystallized alum, 15 gr.; 
 gum benzoin, 75 gr.; distilled water, 3 oz. 
 
 Watt {wot). See Volt-ampere. 
 
 Wave {wav) [AS., wafian, to waver in mind]. 
 1. A movement in a body which is propagated 
 with a continuous motion, each particle of 
 the body vibrating through a fixed path, usu- 
 ally a closed curve. 2. One of the curves in 
 a series of curves representing a wave-like 
 motion. W.-length, the distance between 
 
 corresponding points, usually the crests, of 
 two adjacent waves. W., Tidal, in the 
 sphygmogram, the wave succeeding the per- 
 cussion wave, and due to the volume of blood 
 poured out from the heart reaching the arteries. 
 
 Wavy Respiration. Cog-wheel respiration, 
 a type of breathing in which inspiration or 
 expiration is not continuous, but jerky and 
 interrupted. 
 
 Wax {waks). See Cera. 
 
 Waxing {waks' -ing) [ME., waxen, to increase]. 
 Increasing in size. W. -kernels, enlarged 
 inguinal and submaxillary lymph-glands in 
 children. 
 
 Waxy {waks'-e). Pertaining to or resembling 
 wax. W. Cast, a tube-cast composed of 
 amyloid or similar material. W. Degenera- 
 tion, amyloid degeneration. W. Kidney, 
 W. Liver, amyloid kidney or liver. 
 
 Wean {wen) [AS., wenian, to accustom]. To 
 cease to give suck to an infant by accustoming 
 it to take food from sources other than the 
 mother's breast. 
 
 Webbed Fingers, W. Toes. Union of adja- 
 cent fingers or toes by a thin band of tissue. 
 
 Weber {web'-er). Same as Coulomb. 
 
 Weber's Glands. Racemose glands situated 
 in the posterior portion of the tongue and 
 opening by several orifices on its border. 
 W.'s Law, the increase of stimulus necessary 
 to produce the smallest perceptible change 
 in a sensation is proportionate to the strength 
 of the stimulus already acting. W.'s Orbicu- 
 lar Zone, that portion of the iliofemoral 
 ligament which forms a loop around the neck 
 of the femur. W.'s Organ, W.'s Vesicle, 
 the sinus pocularis of the male urethra. 
 W.'s Paradox, a muscle when so loaded 
 as to be unable to contract may elongate. 
 W.'s Suture, a fine groove or suture on 
 the inner surface of the nasal process of 
 the superior maxilla. W^'s Symptom, W.'s 
 Syndrome, paralysis of the motor oculi 
 nerve on the side of the lesion and of the 
 facial and hypoglossal nerves and extremities 
 on the opposite side; it corresponds anatomi- 
 cally to a lesion in the pedunculopontine or 
 upper pontine region. W.'s Test. 1. When 
 a vibrating tuning-fork is placed upon the 
 vertex or the middle of the forehead, the 
 sound is perceived equally by both ears. If it 
 is heard only in one ear, a lesion exists in 
 this. 2. For sensation: Determination of the 
 smallest distance at which the two points 
 of a pair of compasses, applied simultaneously 
 and lightly to the skin, can be recognized as 
 two separate objects. W.'s Test for Indi- 
 can in Urine, heat to boiling 30 Cc. of the 
 urine with an equal volume of hydrochloric 
 acid and 1 to 3 drops of dilute nitric acid; when 
 cold, shake the solution with ether. The 
 ether will assume a red or violet color with 
 a blue foam on it. 
 
 Wedl's Vesicular Cells. Large vesicular 
 cells commonly found in the crystalline lens 
 in cases of cataract, especially the senile and 
 diabetic varieties. 
 
WEEPING ECZEMA 
 
 1030 
 
 WEIGERT'S FIBRIN-STAIN 
 
 Weeping Eczema. Moist eczema. W. Sin- 
 ew. See Ganglion (2). 
 
 Wegner's Disease of Bone. Epiphyseal 
 osteochondritis occurring in infants affected 
 with hereditary syphilis. W.'s Sign, in 
 fetal syphilis the dividing-line between the 
 epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones, which 
 under normal conditions is delicate and recti- 
 linear, appears as a broad, irregular, yellowish 
 line. 
 
 Weidel's Reaction for Xanthin Bodies. 
 Evaporate to dryness on the water-bath a 
 
 little of the substance dissolved in fresh 
 chlorin-water containing nitric acid. Treat 
 the residue to ammonia vapors under a 
 bell- jar, and a red or violet coloration will be 
 produced in the presence of xanthin bodies. 
 Weigert's Fibrin-stain {wi'-gert) [Weigert, 
 a German pathologist]. A stain for fibrin, 
 consisting in the application of a solution 
 of gentian-violet, then one of iodin in potas- 
 sium iodid, followed by one of anilin oil and 
 xylol. Fibrin is stained blue. W.'s Method. 
 1. A method of staining the myelin of nerve- 
 
 TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 Grains. 
 
 24 = 1 dwt. 
 480 = 20 " =1 oz. 
 5760 = 240 " = 12 " 
 
 TROY WEIGHT. 
 
 I lb. 
 
 22.816 cu. in. of distilled water at 62 F. 
 
 Drams. Ounces. 
 
 16 = 1 
 
 256 = 16 
 
 6,400 = 400 
 
 25,600 = 1,600 
 
 512,000 = 32,000 
 
 AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 
 
 437-5 grains troy. 
 
 1 lb. = 1. 2153 lb. troy. 
 25 " = 1 quarter. 
 100 " = 4 quarters = 1 cwt. 
 2000 " = 80 " = 20 " 
 
 = 1 ton. 
 
 Grains. 
 20 = 
 
 60 = 
 480 = 
 5760 = 
 
 APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 
 
 i scruple. 
 
 3 scruples = 1 dram. 
 24 " =8 drams = 1 oz. 
 
 288 " = 96 " =12 oz. 
 
 1 lb. 
 
 APOTHECARIES MEASURE. 
 
 60 minims = 1 fluidram. 
 
 8 fluidrams = 1 fluidounce. 
 
 16 fluidounces = 1 pint. 
 
 2 pints = 1 quart. 
 
 4 quarts = 1 gallon. 
 
 Gills. 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 32 
 
 2016 
 
 4032 
 
 8064 
 
 7.2187 cu. 
 
 1 pint 
 
 2 pints 
 8 " 
 
 504 " 
 1008 " 
 2016 pints 
 
 LIQUID OR WINE MEASURE. 
 
 28.875 cu. in. 
 
 1 quart = 55.75 cu. in. 
 4 quarts = 1 gallon. 
 252 " = 63 gallons = 1 hogshead. 
 504 " =126 " =2 hogsheads = 1 pipe. 
 1008 " =252 " =4 " =2 pipes = 1 
 
 SQUARE MEASURE. 
 
 tun. 
 
 Sq. Inches. Sq. Feet. 
 144 = 1 
 
 1296 = 9=1 sq. yard. 
 
 39,204 = 272.25 = . 30.25 sq. yards 
 
 1,568,160 = 10,890 = 1210 " " 
 
 6,272,640 = 43.560 = 4840 " " 
 
 1 perch. 
 
 40 perches = 1 rood. 
 160 " =4 roods 
 
 1 acre. 
 
 LINEAR MEASURE. 
 
 Inches. 
 
 
 12 = 1 foot. 
 
 
 36 = 3 feet == r yard. 
 
 
 72 = 6 " = 2 yards = 1 fathom. 
 
 
 198 = 16.5 " = 5.5 " = 2.75 fathoms = 1 perch. 
 
 
 7,920 = 660 " = 220 " = no " = 40 perches = 
 
 = 1 furlong. 
 
 63,360 = 5280 " = 1760 " = 880 " = 320 " 
 
 = 8 furlongs 
 
 mile. 
 
 SOLID MEASURE. 
 
 Cu. in. 
 
 1,728 = 1 cubic foot. 
 46,656 =27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard. 
 
 DRY MEASURE. 
 
 Pints. 
 
 1 == 36.6 cubic inches. 
 
 2=1 quart = 67.2 cubic inches. 
 
 8=4 quarts = 1 gallon = 268.8 cubic inches. 
 16 = 8 " =2 gallons = 1 peck = 537.6 cubic 
 
 1 bushel. 
 
 64 
 
 4 pecks 
 
 Gram. 
 
 METRIC WEIGHTS. 
 
 Troy Gr. 
 
 Milligram = 
 
 .001 
 
 = -01543 
 
 
 
 Centigram = 
 
 .01 
 
 = -15432 
 
 Avoir. 
 
 
 Decigram = 
 
 .1 
 
 = 1-54323 
 
 Oz. 
 
 Avoir. Lb. 
 
 Gram = 
 
 1 
 
 = I5-43235 
 
 = .03528 = 
 
 .0022047 
 
 Decagram = 
 
 10 
 
 
 = -3528 = 
 
 .022047 
 
 Hectogram = 
 
 100 
 
 
 = 3-52758 = 
 
 .2204737 
 
 Kilogram = 
 
 1000 
 
 
 = 35-2758 = 
 
 2.204737 
 
 Myriogram = 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 = = 
 
 22.04737 
 
 Quintal = 
 
 100,000 
 
 
 = = 
 
 220.4737 
 
 Tonneau = 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 
 = = 
 
 2204.737 
 
WEIGHT 
 
 1031 
 
 WEIGHT 
 
 Milliliter 
 Centiliter 
 Deciliter ■■ 
 Liter 
 
 Decaliter = 
 Hectoliter = 
 Kiloliter = 
 Myrialiter = 
 
 METRIC DRY AND LIQUID MEASURE. 
 
 Lit. U. S. Cu. In. 
 
 .061 
 
 .61 
 
 6.1 
 
 = 610.16 = 
 U. S. Cu. Ft. 
 
 = 3-531 = 
 
 35-31 
 353-1 
 
 - 
 
 U. S. 
 
 Liquid 
 
 .00845 
 
 gill. 
 
 Dry 
 
 .0018 
 
 pint. 
 
 Liquid 
 
 .0845 
 
 gill. 
 
 Dry 
 
 .018 
 
 pint. 
 
 Liquid 
 
 .845 
 
 gill = 0.2113 pint. 
 
 Dry 
 
 .18 
 
 pint. 
 
 Liquid 
 
 2.113 
 
 pints =1.057 quarts. 
 
 Dry 
 
 1.8 
 
 pints = .908 quart. 
 
 Liquid 
 
 2.641 
 
 gallons. 
 
 Dry 
 
 9.08 
 
 quarts = 1.135 pints 
 
 Liquid 
 
 26.414 
 
 gallons. 
 
 Dry 
 
 2.837 
 
 bushels. 
 
 Liquid 
 
 264.141 
 
 gallons, 
 bushels. 
 
 Dry 
 
 28.374 
 
 Liquid 
 
 2641.4 
 
 gallons, 
 bushels. 
 
 Dry 
 
 283.7 
 
 METRIC LINEAR MEASURE. 
 
 Millimeter* 
 
 Centimeterf 
 
 Decimeter 
 
 Meter 
 
 Decameter 
 
 Hectometer 
 
 Kilometer 
 
 Myriameter 
 
 Meter. 
 .001 
 .01 
 .1 
 1 
 10 
 100 
 1000 
 10,000 
 
 U 
 
 S. In. 
 
 •03937 = 
 •3937 = 
 
 3-937 = 
 39.3685 = 
 
 *Nearly the 2 Vj of an inch. 
 
 Ft. 
 
 .00328 
 
 .0328 Yd. 
 
 .32807= .10936 
 
 3.2807 = 1.0936 
 32.807 = 10.936 Mile. 
 
 328.07 = 109.36 = .0621347 
 3,280.7 = 1093.6 = .6213466 
 32,807 =10,936 = 6 213466 
 
 fFull y% of an inch. 
 
 METRIC SQUARE MEASURE. 
 
 Sq. Meter. U. S. Sq. In. 
 Sq. centimeter = .01 = .155 = Sq. Ft. 
 
 Sq. decimeter = .1 = 15.5 = .10763 = 
 
 Centiare = 1 = 1549.88 = 10.763 = 
 
 Are = to = 154,988 = 1076.3 = 
 
 Hectare = 100 = = 107,630 
 
 Sq. kilometer = .38607 Sq. Mile. 
 Sq. myriameter = 38 
 
 Sq. Yd. 
 
 .01196 
 1. 196 = 
 119. 6 = 
 
 n,959 = 
 
 Acre. 
 .00025 
 .0247 
 = 2.47 
 
 = 247 
 = 24,708 
 
 TABLE FOR CONVERTING METRIC WEIGHTS INTO TROY WEIGHTS. 
 
 
 if w 
 
 3 < 
 
 AM 
 
 Approximate 
 
 Equivalents 
 
 in Troy 
 
 Weights. 
 
 03 
 
 a 
 
 < 
 
 M 
 
 O 
 
 . c/i 
 
 P 
 
 E> M 
 
 £° 
 
 <t 
 
 x z 
 W u 
 
 - Approximate 
 Equivalents 
 in Troy 
 Weights. 
 
 c/5 
 
 a 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 1 </5 
 
 Si 
 
 Approximate 
 
 Equivalents 
 
 in Troy 
 
 Weights. 
 
 a 
 < 
 
 
 
 cu" 
 
 3 
 O 
 
 to 
 
 g 
 
 5 
 
 c/i 
 
 CD 
 
 "E. 
 
 3 
 
 U 
 
 '3 
 
 in 
 
 V 
 U 
 
 a 
 
 C 
 
 c/i 
 S 
 
 Q 
 
 t/i 
 cu 
 
 O. 
 
 3 
 1* 
 O 
 tfl 
 
 c/i 
 C 
 
 O 
 
 </i 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 O 
 
 c/i 
 
 E 
 Q 
 
 c/i 
 
 "a 
 
 3 
 
 u 
 
 (fl 
 
 C 
 
 2 
 
 O 
 
 O.OI 
 0.02 
 0.03 
 O.O4 
 O.O5 
 O.06 
 0.07 
 0.08 
 0.09 
 O.I 
 
 0.2 
 
 0.3 
 0.4 
 0.5 
 
 0.6 
 0.7 
 0.8 
 0.9 
 1.0 
 2.0 
 
 0.1543 
 
 0.3086 
 0.4630 
 0.6173 
 0.7717 
 
 0.9260 
 
 1.0803 
 
 1-2347 
 
 1.3890 
 
 1-543 
 
 3.086 
 
 4.630 
 
 6.173 
 
 7.716 
 
 9-259 
 
 10.803 
 12.346 
 13-889 
 I5-432 
 30.865 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 T3 
 TT 
 1 
 
 r% 
 
 1 
 
 T ¥ 
 I* 
 
 xi 
 
 3 
 
 4§ 
 6| 
 71 
 9i 
 
 1 of 
 
 I2i 
 
 H 
 
 15* 
 
 iof 
 
 3-o 
 40 
 50 
 6.0 
 7.0 
 8.0 
 9.0 
 10. 
 11.0 
 12.0 
 13.0 
 14.0 
 150 
 16.0 
 17.0 
 18.0 
 19.0 
 20.0 
 21.0 
 22.0 
 
 46.297 
 61.729 
 
 77.162 
 92.594 
 
 108.026 
 
 123.459 
 138.891 
 
 154-323 
 169.756 
 185.188 
 
 200.621 
 
 216.053 
 231-485 
 
 246.918 
 
 262.350 
 277.782 
 293.215 
 308.647 
 324.079 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 I 
 1 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 6| 
 
 if 
 
 17* 
 
 12$ 
 
 8 
 3i 
 
 Hi 
 
 9i 
 
 5? 
 
 16 
 
 »i 
 
 6 T 9 o 
 
 2i 
 
 171 
 13* 
 
 8§ 
 4tV 
 i9i 
 
 23.0 
 24.0 
 25.0 
 260 
 270 
 280 
 29.0 
 30.0 
 31.0 
 32.0 
 40.0 
 450 
 50.0 
 60.0 
 70.0 
 80.0 
 90.0 
 100. 
 
 354-944 
 370.376 
 385-809 
 401.241 
 416.673 
 432.106 
 447-538 
 462.970 
 478.403 
 493-835 
 617.294 
 694.456 
 771.617 
 
 925 941 
 1080.264 
 1234.588 
 1388.911 
 1543-235 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 1 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 
 6 
 6 
 7 
 
 7 
 7 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 . 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 I 
 2 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 iof 
 
 5# 
 
 J i 
 i6| 
 
 I2tV 
 
 7i 
 
 3 
 
 i8§ 
 13I 
 17* 
 10J 
 
 "1 
 
 6 
 
 14! 
 
 9 
 
WEIGHT 
 
 1032 
 
 WERNICKE'S APHASIA 
 
 TABLE FOR CONVERTING TROY WEIGHTS INTO METRIC WEIGHTS. 
 
 Z 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 < 
 O 
 
 w 
 
 z 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 S 
 <; 
 
 O 
 
 c/i 
 Z 
 
 < 
 ei 
 
 O 
 
 oj 
 
 < 
 a 
 O 
 
 Z 
 < 
 ft 
 O 
 
 S 
 
 < 
 
 oi 
 
 Z 
 
 < 
 ft 
 O 
 
 S 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 Z 
 < 
 ft 
 
 O 
 
 03 
 
 S 
 < 
 et 
 
 O 
 
 03 
 
 Z 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 03 
 
 < 
 ft 
 
 O 
 
 c/i 
 
 Z 
 
 < 
 
 a. 
 O 
 
 03 
 
 a! 
 
 i 
 
 0.9648 
 
 16 
 
 1-037 
 
 31 
 
 2.009 
 
 46 
 
 2.980 
 
 61 
 
 3-952 
 
 76 
 
 4.924 
 
 91 
 
 5.896 
 
 3°o 
 
 19.440 
 
 2 
 
 0.1296 
 
 17 
 
 1. 102 
 
 32 
 
 2.073 
 
 47 
 
 3-045 
 
 62 
 
 4.017 
 
 77 
 
 4.989 
 
 92 
 
 5-96i 
 
 360 
 
 23.328 
 
 3 
 
 0.1944 
 
 18 
 
 1. 166 
 
 33 
 
 2.138 
 
 48 
 
 3.110 
 
 63 
 
 4.082 
 
 78 
 
 5-054 
 
 93 
 
 6.026 
 
 400 
 
 25.920 
 
 4 
 
 0.2592 
 
 19 
 
 1. 231 
 
 34 
 
 2.203 
 
 49 
 
 3-175 
 
 64 
 
 4-147 
 
 79 
 
 5.118 
 
 94 
 
 6.090 
 
 480 
 
 31-103 
 
 5 
 
 0.3240 
 
 20 
 
 1.296 
 
 35 
 
 2.268 
 
 50 
 
 3-234 
 
 65 
 
 4. 211 
 
 80 
 
 5-i8 3 
 
 95 
 
 6-155 
 
 500 
 
 32.396 
 
 6 
 
 0.3888 
 
 21 
 
 1.361 
 
 36 
 
 2.332 
 
 5i 
 
 3-304 
 
 66 
 
 4.276 
 
 81 
 
 5.248 
 
 96 
 
 6.220 
 
 600 
 
 38.875 
 
 7 
 
 0.4536 
 
 22 
 
 1.426 
 
 37 
 
 2-397 
 
 52 
 
 3-369 
 
 67 
 
 4-341 
 
 82 
 
 5-313 
 
 97 
 
 6.285 
 
 700 
 
 45-354 
 
 8 
 
 0.5184 
 
 23 
 
 1.490 
 
 38 
 
 2.462 
 
 53 
 
 3-434 
 
 68 
 
 4.406 
 
 83 
 
 5-378 
 
 98 
 
 6.350 
 
 800 
 
 5I-833 
 
 9 
 
 0.5832 
 
 24 
 
 1-555 
 
 39 
 
 2.527 
 
 54 
 
 3-499 
 
 69 
 
 4-47 1 
 
 84 
 
 5-442 
 
 99 
 
 6.414 
 
 900 
 
 58.313 
 
 10 
 
 0.6480 
 
 25 
 
 1.620 
 
 40 
 
 2.592 
 
 55 
 
 3-564 
 
 7o 
 
 4-535 
 
 85 
 
 5-507 
 
 100 
 
 6-479 
 
 960 
 
 62.207 
 
 ii 
 
 0.7130 
 
 26 
 
 1.685 
 
 4i 
 
 2.656 
 
 56 
 
 3-628 
 
 7i 
 
 4.600 
 
 86 
 
 5-572 
 
 120 
 
 7.776 
 
 1000 
 
 64.792 
 
 12 
 
 0.7776 
 
 27 
 
 1.749 
 
 42 
 
 2.721 
 
 57 
 
 3-693 
 
 72 
 
 4.665 
 
 87 
 
 5-637 
 
 150 
 
 9.719 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 0.8424 
 
 28 
 
 1.814 
 
 43 
 
 2.786 
 
 58 
 
 3-758 
 
 73 
 
 4-730 
 
 88 
 
 5.702 
 
 180 
 
 11.664 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 0.9072 
 
 29 
 
 1.869 
 
 44 
 
 2.851 
 
 59 
 
 3-823 
 
 74' 
 
 4-795 
 
 89 
 
 5.766 
 
 200 
 
 12.958 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 0.9720 
 
 30 
 
 1.944 
 
 45 
 
 2.916 
 
 60 
 
 3.888 
 
 75 
 
 4-859 
 
 90 
 
 5-83I 
 
 240 
 
 15-552 
 
 
 
 fibers with hematoxylin. 2. A method of 
 staining the neuroglia according to a modified 
 Weigert's fibrin-method, after the tissue has 
 been fixed in formalin, subjected to a mor- 
 dant of copper acetate, acetic acid, and chrome- 
 alum, and a reducing agent composed of 
 potassium permanganate and a solution of 
 sodium sulfite containing a chromogen derived 
 from naphthalin. 
 
 Weight (wdt). The force with which bodies 
 tend to approach the earth's center. W., 
 Atomic. See Atomic Weight. W.s and 
 Measures, the U. S. standard unit of weight 
 is the troy pound; the standard unit of 
 liquid measure is the Winchester wine gallon, 
 containing 231 cubic inches. The imperial 
 gallon, adopted by Great Britain, contains 
 277.274 cubic inches. The standard unit 
 of the U. S. and British linear measure is the 
 yard. The actual standard of length of the 
 U. S. is a brass scale 82 inches long in the U. S. 
 Treasury Department. The yard is between 
 the twenty-seventh and the sixty -third inch of 
 this scale. See Tables, pages 1030, 1031. W., 
 Molecular. See Molecular Weight. 
 
 Weil's Disease (wll). An infectious disease 
 somewhat resembling typhoid fever, accom- 
 panied by muscular pain and grave disturbance 
 of the digestive organs. W.'s Syndrome, 
 unilateral hyperesthesia of the muscles, nerve- 
 trunks, and bones, sometimes seen in cases of 
 pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 Weiland's Test. For the determination of 
 binocular fixation : A vertical bar is interposed 
 between the eyes and the letters to be 
 read. 
 
 Weir Mitchell's Disease. See Mitchell's 
 Disease. W. M.'s Treatment. See under 
 Mitchell. 
 
 Weiss' Reflex. A curvilinear reflex on the 
 nasal side of the optic disc, regarded as a 
 prodromal sign of nryopia. W.'s Sign, 
 contraction of the facial muscles upon light 
 percussion; it is noticed in tetany, neuras- 
 
 thenia, hysteria, and exophthalmic goiter. 
 Syn., Facialis phenomenon. 
 
 Weitbrecht's Cartilage. A fibrocartilaginous 
 lamella frequently found interposed between 
 the articular surfaces of the acromioclavicular 
 joint. W.'s Foramen. See Foramen, Weit- 
 brecht's. W.'s Ligament, a rounded, fibrous 
 bundle, extending from the outer portion 
 of the coronoid process to the inner border of 
 the radius, above the bicipital tuberosity. 
 W.'s Retinacula, flat bands lying on the 
 neck of the femur and formed by the deeper 
 fibers of the capsular ligament, which are 
 reflected upward along the neck to be attached 
 nearer to the head. 
 
 Wells' Facies. The facies of ovarian disease. 
 
 Welt. See Wheal. 
 
 Wen. A sebaceous cyst. 
 
 Wender's Test for Glucose. Make a solution 
 of 1 part methylene-blue in 3000 parts of 
 distilled water. On rendering this solution 
 alkaline with potassium hydroxid and heating 
 with a glucose solution it becomes decolorized. 
 
 Werlhof s Disease [P. G. Werlhof, a German 
 physician]. Purpura haemorrhagica. 
 
 Wernekink's Commissure. See Commissure, 
 Wernekink's. 
 
 Wernicke's Aphasia. Cortical sensory apha- 
 sia. W.'s Center, the auditory word-center 
 in the posterior third of the first temporo- 
 sphenoid convolution. W.'s Convolution, 
 the first temporosphenoid convolution. W.'s 
 Disease, polioencephalitis acuta haemor- 
 rhagica; acute superior encephalitis. W.'s 
 Fibers. See Gratiolet's Optic Radiation. 
 W.'s Field. See W.'s Triangle. W.'s Fis- 
 sure, a nearly vertical fissure sometimes 
 seen to divide the parietal and temporal lobes 
 from the occipital lobe. W.'s Reaction, 
 W.'s Sign. See Reaction, Hemianopic Pupil- 
 lary. W.'s Triangle, a triangular area 
 formed by the decussation, at various angles, 
 of the radiating fibers of Gratiolet with the 
 fibers proceeding from the external geniculate 
 
WESTPHAL'S NUCLEUS 
 
 1033 
 
 WICKERSHEIMER'S FLUID 
 
 body and pulvinar; it occupies the extreme 
 posterior segment of the capsula. 
 
 Westphal's Nucleus. See Nucleus, West- 
 phal's. W.'s Paradoxic Contraction, tonic 
 contraction of the anterior muscles of the 
 leg (especially the tibialis anticus) on pas- 
 sive flexion of the foot; it is occasionally 
 seen in multiple sclerosis, paralysis agitans, 
 tabes, alcoholism, and hysteria. W.'s Sign, 
 absence of the patellar reflex; it occurs* in 
 lesions of the spinal cord at the level of the 
 reflex center {e. g., tabes dorsalis, paretic de- 
 mentia), neuritis, certain cases of cerebellar 
 disease, etc. W.'s Zone, a zone in the 
 posterior column of the lumbar spinal cord, 
 which is bounded externally by the inner side 
 of the posterior horn, internally by an imagi- 
 nary anteroposterior line drawn through the 
 point at which the posterior horn turns in- 
 ward, and posteriorly by the periphery of the 
 cord. It contains the afferent fibers concerned 
 _ in the patellar reflex mechanism. 
 
 Westphal-Erb's Sign. See Westphal's Sign. 
 
 Westphal-Piltz's Reflex. See Gifford's Re- 
 flex. 
 
 Wet -pack. See Pack, Wet. 
 
 Wetzel's Test for CO in Blood. Add to 
 the blood 4 volumes of water and treat with 
 3 volumes of a 1 % tannic acid solution. 
 In the presence of carbon monoxid the 
 blood becomes carmin red; normal blood 
 gradually becomes gray. 
 
 Weyl's Reaction for Creatinin. Add to 
 the creatinin solution a few drops of a dilute 
 solution of sodium nitroprussid, and then, 
 drop by drop, a few drops of sodium hydroxid. 
 A ruby-red coloration results, quickly chang- 
 ing to yellow again. 
 
 Wharton's Duct. The duct of the submaxil- 
 lary gland. W.'s Jelly, the gelatinous em- 
 bryonic connective tissue of the umbilical 
 cord. 
 
 Wheal (hwel) [AS., hwele], A whitish or pink- 
 ish elevation, developing suddenly upon the 
 skin, and lasting usually but a short time. 
 Wheals are produced by urticaria, the bites 
 of insects, or the sting of a nettle. Syn., 
 Pomphus; Urtica. 
 
 Wheat (hwet). See Triticum. 
 
 Wheelhouse's Operation. A perineal incision 
 through the urethra for stricture. 
 
 Wheeze (hwez). To breathe hard; to breathe 
 with difficulty and with an audible whistling 
 sound. 
 
 Whey (hwa). The liquid part of milk sepa- 
 rating from the curd. W.-cure, the admin- 
 istration of whey as a method of treating 
 certain diseases. 
 
 Whiff {hwif) [origin obscure]. A puff of air. 
 W., Oral, a peculiar sound heard during 
 expiration from the open mouth, principally 
 in cases of thoracic aneurysm. 
 
 Whip-worm (hwip'-wurm). The Trichoceph- 
 alus dispar. 
 
 Whirl {hwurV) [ME., whirlen, to whirl]. To 
 revolve rapidly. W.-bone. 1. The head of 
 the femur. 2. The patella. 
 
 Whisky, Whiskey (hwis'-ke). See Spiritus 
 frumenti. W.-nose. See Acne rosacea. 
 
 Whisper (hwis'-per). A low, soft, sibilant 
 sound produced* by the passage of the breath 
 through the glottis without throwing the 
 vocal cords into vibration. 
 
 Whispering Pectoriloquy. See Pectoriloquy, 
 Whispering. 
 
 White (hwit) [AS., hwit], 1. Having a 
 color produced by reflection of all the rays 
 of the spectrum; opposed to black. 2. Any 
 white substance, as white of egg. W. Cell, 
 W. Corpuscle, the leukocyte. W. Com- 
 missure, the anterior commissure of the 
 spinal cord. W. Lead, basic lead carbonate. 
 W. Leg-. See Phlegmasia alba dolens. 
 W. Leprosy, vitiligo. W. Line, the linea 
 alba. W. Matter, the part of the brain 
 and spinal cord consisting of medullated 
 nerve-fibers, and having a white color. 
 W. Mustard, sinapis alba. See under Mus- 
 tard. W., Pearl-, bismuth subnitrate. W. 
 Pneumonia. See Pneumonia, White. W. 
 Precipitate, hydrargyrum ammoniatum. See 
 Mercury, Ammoniated. W. Softening, soften- 
 ing of nerve -substance in which the affected 
 area presents a whitish color, due to fatty de- 
 generation following anemia. W. Substance 
 of Schwann, the myelin sheath of medullated 
 nerve-fibers. W. Swelling. See Swelling, 
 White. W. Vitriol, zinc sulfate. 
 
 White's Disease. Keratosis follicularis. W.'s 
 Operation, castration for cure of enlarged 
 prostate. 
 
 Whites (JiwUz). See Leukorrhea. 
 
 Whitlow (hwit'-lo). See Paronychia. W., 
 Melanotic, a form of melanotic sarcoma 
 simulating whitlow in appearance. W., 
 Painless. See Morvan's Disease. 
 
 Whooping-cough (hoo'-ping-kawf). An in- 
 fectious disease characterized by catarrhal 
 inflammation of the air-passages and peculiar 
 paroxysms of cough ending in a loud whoop- 
 ing inspiration. It is most frequent in chil- 
 dren, and is probably due to a specific micro- 
 organism. The disease begins with symp- 
 toms of coryza and bronchitis, which in from 
 one to two weeks are followed by the socalled 
 paroxysmal stage, characterized by a violent 
 cough, at the close of which occurs a loud 
 whoop and often vomiting. This stage lasts 
 from three to four weeks and is succeeded by 
 the stage of decline. Complications, such as 
 catarrhal pneumonia, emphysema, atelectasis, 
 hernia, cerebral hemorrhage, and others, 
 may occur. 
 
 Whytt's Disease. Hydrocephalus internus: 
 a collection of fluid in the cerebral ven- . 
 tricles. 
 
 Wichmann's Asthma. Laryngismus stridu- 
 lus. 
 
 Wickersheimer's Fluid (wik'-ers-hi-mer). A 
 fluid employed for the preservation of ana- 
 tomic specimens, consisting of arsenic trioxid, 
 sodium chlorid, potassium sulfate, carbon- 
 ate, and nitrate, dissolved in a mixture of 
 glycerol, methyl-alcohol, and water. 
 
WICKING 
 
 1034 
 
 WITCH-HAZEL 
 
 Wicking {wik'-ing). Loosely twisted unspun 
 cotton or wool; it is employed in packing 
 cavities. 
 
 WidaPs Reaction. The addition of a few 
 drops of a culture of Bacillus typhi abdom- 
 inalis (Eberth) to the serum of a typhoid- 
 fever patient causes an agglutination and loss 
 of movement of the bacilli. 
 
 Wilde's Cords. The transverse fibers of the 
 callosum. W.'s Incision. See Operation, 
 Wilde's. W.'s Luminous Triangle. See 
 Politzer's Luminous Cone. 
 
 Wildermuth's Ear. A congenital deformity 
 of the ear consisting in a prominence of 
 the anthelix, the helix being turned down- 
 ward. 
 
 Wilkinson's Disease. Paralysis agitans. 
 
 Wilks' Disease. Chronic parenchymatous 
 nephritis. W.'s Kidney, the large white 
 kidney. W.'s Symptom-complex. SeeErb's 
 Disease. 
 
 Willan's Leprosy. Psoriasis. W.'s Lupus, 
 lupus vulgaris. 
 
 Willard's Disease. See Lupus vulgaris. 
 
 Williams' Sign. Diminished inspiratory ex- 
 pansion on the left side in adherent peri- 
 cardium. W.'s Tracheal Sound, the pecu- 
 liar resonance sometimes found in the second 
 intercostal space in cases of very large pleural 
 effusion. It is a dull tympanitic resonance, 
 becoming higher on opening the mouth, 
 and arising from the vibrations of air in 
 a large bronchus surrounded by compressed 
 lung. 
 
 Williamson's Blood-test for Diabetes. 
 Place in a narrow test-tube 40 Cmm. of water 
 and 20 Cmm. of blood; add 1 Cc. of an aqueous 
 solution of methylene-blue (1:6000) and 40 
 Cmm. of solution of potassium hydroxid. Place 
 the tube in a water-pot, which is kept boiling. 
 From the blood of a diabetic patient the blue 
 color disappears in four minutes and becomes 
 yellow. In blood that is not diabetic the blue 
 color remains. 
 
 Willis' Accessory Nerve. The spinal acces- 
 sory nerve. W.'s Arteries, the anterior and 
 posterior communicating arteries of the 
 brain. W.'s Circle. See Circle 0} Willis. 
 W.'s Cords. 1. Fibrous trabeculas stretch- 
 ing across the lower angle of the superior lon- 
 gitudinal sinus. 2. See Wilde's Cords. W.'s 
 Disease, diabetes mellitus. W.'s Glands, 
 the corpora albicantia. W.'s Ophthalmic 
 Branch, the ophthalmic division of the fifth 
 cranial nerve. W.'s Paracusis, increased 
 hearing power in the presence of a loud 
 noise. W.'s Valve. See Valve of Vieussens. 
 
 Willow (wil'-o) [AS., welig]. Salix, a genus 
 of trees of the order SalicacecE, the bark and 
 leaves of which contain salicin. Salix alba 
 and Salix nigra have been used in spermat- 
 orrhea, neuralgia, and malaria. 
 
 Wilson's Disease. General exfoliative der- 
 matitis. W.'s Lichen, lichen planus. W.'s 
 Muscle, a nonconstant fasciculus of the 
 compressor urethrse which is attached to the 
 body of the pubis, near the symphysis. 
 
 Wilson-Brocq's Disease. See Wilson's Dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Winckel's Disease. An epidemic disease of 
 children, characterized by cyanosis, jaundice, 
 and hemoglobinuria. 
 
 Windage (win' -da j). The compression of air 
 said to be produced by the passage of a ball 
 close to the body, and to give rise to an injury 
 called wind-contusion. 
 
 Windlass, Spanish. A form of tourniquet 
 consisting of a handkerchief tied about a 
 part and twisted by means of a stick. 
 
 Window (win' -do). 1. An aperture in a wall 
 for the admission of light and air. 2. A 
 small aperture in a bone. See Fenestra. 
 
 Windpipe {wind' -pip) . See Trachea. 
 
 Wine {win) [L., vinum]. 1. The fermented 
 juice of the grape. 2. A solution of a medici- 
 nal substance in wine. Wines consist chiefly 
 of water and alcohol, the latter varying from 
 6 to 22 % (from 10 to 14 % in the official wines). 
 In addition they contain volatile oil, enanthic 
 ether, grape-sugar, traces of glycerol, coloring- 
 matter, tannic, malic, phosphoric, carbonic, 
 and acetic acids, potassium bitartrate, and 
 calcium tartrate. Wine is used as a beverage 
 in most civilized countries, and in medicine 
 as a stimulant like alcohol. W., Red {vinum 
 rubrum, U. S. P.), the fermented juice of 
 fresh colored grapes. The most important 
 varieties are claret, Bordeaux, and port. 
 W., White {vinum album, U. S. P.), the 
 fermented juice of grapes freed from seeds, 
 stems, and skins. The most important va- 
 rieties are sherry {vinum xericum), Madeira, 
 Catawba, etc. 
 
 Wineglass. A measure holding nearly two 
 ounces. 
 
 Wing. See Ala. 
 
 Winkler's Test for Free HC1 in the Gastric 
 Juice. Mix a few drops of the filtered gastric 
 juice in a porcelain capsule with a few drops 
 of a 5 % alcoholic solution of alphanaphthol 
 to which 0.5 to 1 % of glucose has been added. 
 On heating gently a bluish-violet zone appears, 
 which darkens rapidly. 
 
 Winslow's Foramen. See Foramen of Wins- 
 low. W.'s Ligament, the ligamentum posti- 
 cum winslowii, the posterior ligament of the 
 knee-joint. W.'s Pancreas, the lesser pan- 
 creas. W.'s Pouch, the gastrohepatic omen- 
 tum. W.'s Stars, capillary whorls which 
 form the beginning of the vorticose veins of 
 the choroid. 
 
 Wintergreen. See Gaultheria^ 
 
 Winter-itch. See Pruntus hiemalis. 
 
 Wintrich's Change of Pitch. The tympanitic 
 sound of pneumothorax and of cavities com- 
 municating freely with a bronchus becomes 
 higher in pitch when the mouth is opened 
 and lower when the mouth is closed. 
 
 Wirsimg, Canal of {wer'-soong). The ex- 
 cretory duct of the pancreas. 
 
 Wisdom-tooth. The last molar tooth, which 
 is the last of all the teeth to appear. 
 
 Wistar's Pyramids. See Berlin, Bones of. 
 
 Witch-hazel. See Hamamelis. 
 
WITZ'S TEST 
 
 1035 
 
 WRIST 
 
 Witz's Test for HC1 in the Contents of the 
 Stomach. An aqueous solution of methyl- 
 violet (strength 0.025 %) * s ^ rst colored blue, 
 then green, and finally decolorized by dilute 
 inorganic acids. 
 
 Woehler's Rings. See Meyer 's Rings. 
 
 Woillez's Disease. Acute idiopathic con- 
 gestion of the lungs. 
 
 Wolff's Law. Every change in the static 
 relations of a bone leads not only to a corre- 
 sponding change of internal structure, but 
 also to a change of external form and physio- 
 logic function. 
 
 Wolffian Body. The mesonephron, an organ 
 of embryonic life situated on each side of the 
 vertebral column and consisting of a series 
 of convoluted tubes opening into a lateral duct, 
 which is connected with the common cloaca 
 of the alimentary and genitourinary tracts. 
 It disappears toward the end of the second 
 month, leaving as a vestige the parovarium. 
 W. Cyst, a cyst of the broad ligament of the 
 uterus, believed to be developed from vestiges 
 of the wolffian body. W. Duct, the meso- 
 nephric duct ; an embryonic duct of the meso- 
 nephron formed by longitudinal fission of part 
 of the segmental duct. In the male it becomes 
 the vas deferens; in the female it almost 
 entirely disappears. W. Tubules, small tubes 
 joining the wolffian duct at right angles. 
 
 Wolf -flaps. Whole skin-flaps without pedicles. 
 
 Womb iwoom) [ME., woombe]. The uterus. 
 
 Wood. The hard part of trees; the part within 
 the bark. W. -alcohol, methyl-alcohol. W.- 
 oil. See Gurjun Balsam. W. -sorrel, Oxalis 
 acetosella, a low, tender pubescent herb of 
 North America, Europe, Asia, and northern 
 Africa. It contains potassium binoxalate, 
 which is sometimes obtained from it and sold 
 as salt of sorrel. It has refrigerant and anti- 
 scorbutic qualities. W. -spirit, methyl-alcohol. 
 W.-vinegar, vinegar obtained by the dry 
 distillation of wood. 
 
 Wooden Tongue. See Actinomycosis. 
 
 Wool-fat. See Lanolin. 
 
 Woolsorter's Disease. Anthrax. 
 
 Woorara (woo-rar' '-ah) . See Curara. 
 
 Word -blindness. See under Aphasia. 
 
 Word -deafness. See Deafness, Psychic. 
 
 Working Distance. In a microscope the 
 distance between the object and the objective. 
 
 Worm (wurm). A member of the class Ver- 
 mes, of the division Invertebrata, especially 
 one parasitic in man or animals. W., Blad- 
 der-, the Tania echinococcus. See Tape- 
 worm, Dog. W., Guinea-, W., Medina-, 
 the Filaria medinensis. See under Filaria. 
 W., Pin-, W ? , Seat-, W., Thread-. See 
 Oxyuris. W., Whip-, the Trichocephalus 
 dispar. 
 
 Wormian Bone (wur'-me-an) [Olaus Worm, 
 a Danish physician, 1 588-1 654]. Any one 
 of the small supernumerary bones found in 
 the sutures of the skull. 
 
 Worm-Muiler's Test for Sugar. A mixture 
 of a 1.5 to 2.5% solution of cupric sulfate 
 and an alkaline solution of rochelle salt is 
 
 added to the urine; on boiling, a yellowish 
 precipitate of copper suboxid is formed. 
 
 Wormseed (wurm'-sed). 1. See Chenopodium. 
 2. See Santonica. 
 
 Wormwood (wurm'-wud). See Absinthium. 
 
 Worsted Test. See Holmgren's Test. 
 
 Woulfe's Bottles. An apparatus consisting of 
 a series of three necked bottles connected 
 by suitable tubes and used for washing gases 
 or saturating liquids therewith. 
 
 Wound (woond or wownd) [AS., wund\ A solu- 
 tion of continuity of an external or internal 
 surface of the body. W., Contused, one 
 produced by a blunt body. W., Incised, 
 one caused by a cutting instrument. W., 
 Lacerated, one in which the tissues are torn. 
 W., Open, one having a free external opening. 
 W., Penetrating, one that pierces the walls 
 of a cavity or enters into an organ. W., 
 Poisoned, one in which septic materials are 
 introduced. W., Punctured, one made by 
 a pointed instrument. W., Subcutaneous, 
 one with a very small external opening in the 
 skin. 
 
 Wrightin {ri'-tiri), C 24 H 40 N 2 . An astringent 
 and anthelmintic alkaloid from conessi bark, 
 Wrightia zeylanica. 
 
 Wrisberg's Ansa memorabilis. A loop 
 formed by the right semilunar ganglion and 
 the anastomosis of the right pneumogastric 
 and great splanchnic nerves. W.'s Car- 
 tilages. See Cartilages of Wrisberg. W.'s 
 Ganglion. 1. A ganglion frequently found 
 in the superficial cardiac plexus at the point 
 of union of the lower cervical cardiac branch 
 of the left pneumogastric with the upper 
 cardiac nerve of the sympathetic of the left 
 side. 2. Intumescentia semilunaris. See Gang- 
 lion, Gasserian. W.'s Lingula, the filaments 
 connecting the sensory and motor roots of 
 the trigeminus. W.'s Nerve. 1. A small 
 branch of the brachial plexus supplying the 
 skin of the arm. See Cutaneous, Lesser In- 
 ternal, under Nerve. 2. A small nerve aris- 
 ing from the medulla oblongata and coursing 
 between the facial and auditory nerves. W.'s 
 Pars intermedia. See W.'s Nerve (2). 
 
 Wrist (rist) [AS.]. The part joining the fore- 
 
 Lower End of Radius and Ulna, with Triangular 
 
 FlEROCARTILAGE. — (Wihon.) 
 
 1. Radius. 2. Ulna. 3. Interarticular fibrocartilage. 4. 
 Articular surface of radius. 5. Membrana sacci- 
 formis. 
 
 arm and the hand. See Carpus. W.-clo- 
 nus. See Reflex, Wrist. W.-drop, a parah- 
 
WRITER'S CRAMP 
 
 1036 
 
 XANTHIN 
 
 ysis of the extensor muscles of the wrist Wundt's Tetanus. A prolonged tetanic con- 
 
 and fingers causing a dropping of the hand. 
 ' W. -joint, the articulation between the fore- 
 arm and the hand. 
 Writer's Cramp. An occupation -neurosis oc- 
 curring in those who write a great deal, 
 and characterized by painful spasm of the 
 fingers when an effort at writing is made. 
 
 traction induced in a frog's muscle by injury 
 or the passage of a strong current. 
 
 Wurali (wu-ra'-le). Same as Curara. 
 
 Wurster's Test for Hydrogen Dioxid. Paper 
 saturated with a solution of tetramethylpara- 
 phenylendiamin turns blue-violet with hydro- 
 gen dioxid. W.'s Test for Tyrosin. i. 
 
 Sections Showing the Disposition of the Chief Syno- 
 vial Membranes of the Wrist-joint. — {Wilson.) 
 (The reflection of the membranes over the articular 
 cartilages is erroneous. It should cover only the 
 ligamentous structures.) 
 
 I. Sacciform membrane. II. Second synovial membrane. 
 III. Third or large synovial membrane. IV. Syno- 
 vial membrane between the trapezium and metacar- 
 pal bone of thumb. That of the pisiform bone is not 
 visible in this view. V. Synovial membrane between 
 unciform and two inner metacarpals, i. Radius. 2. 
 Ulna. 3. Internal lateral ligament. 4. External 
 lateral ligament. 5. Cuneiform bone. 6. Semilunar. 
 7. Scaphoid. 8. Unciform. 9. Os magnum. 10. 
 Trapezoid. 11. Trapezium. 12. Interarticular fibro- 
 cartilage. 13. Metacarpal bone of thumb. 14. 
 Metacarpal bone of little finger. *. Interosseous 
 metacarpal ligaments. Interosseous ligaments are also 
 seen connecting the bones of each row of the carpus. 
 
 Writing Hand. A peculiar position assumed 
 by the hand in paralysis agitans. 
 
 Wry-neck (ri'-nek). See Torticollis. 
 
 Wunderlich's Law. The ascending oscilla- 
 tions of the temperature-curve in typhoid fever. 
 
 Ligaments of the Anterior Aspect of the Wrist 
 and Hand. — (Sappey.) 
 
 Radius. 2. Interosseous membrane. 3. Articulation 
 between the lower end of ulna and triangular fibro- 
 cartilage opened. 4. Space for anterior interosseous 
 artery. 5. External lateral ligament of wrist. 6. 
 Lower end of ulna. 7. Anterior ligament of wrist. 
 8. Internal lateral ligament of wrist. 9. Tubercle of 
 scaphoid. 10. Pisiform bone. n. Trapezium. 12. 
 Hook of unciform. 13. Articulation between trape- 
 zium and first metacarpal. 14. Anterior ligament of 
 carpus. 16. Ligaments uniting metacarpals with one 
 another and with carpus. 
 
 Treat a boiling aqueous solution of tyrosin 
 drop by drop with a 1 % acetic acid and a 
 sodium nitrite solution. A red coloration 
 results. 2. Add some dry quinon to a hot 
 aqueous solution of tyrosin. A deep ruby-red 
 coloration results, lasting for 24 hours, and 
 then changing to brown. 
 Wyman's Strap. An arrangement of straps 
 for holding a violently insane person in bed. 
 
 X 
 
 Xanthalin (zan'-thal-in) [ZavOoc, yellow], C 37 H 36 - 
 N 2 3 . An alkaloid from opium; a white, 
 crystalline substance forming yellow salts. 
 
 Xanthelasma (zan-thel-az' -mah) . See Xan- 
 thoma. 
 
 Xanthematin (zan-them'-at-in) [£av06c, yellow; 
 hematin]. A bitter yellow substance obtained 
 by dissolving hematin in dilute nitric acid. 
 
 Xanthic (zan'-thik) \xanthin~\. 1. Yellow. 2. 
 Pertaining to xanthin. 
 
 Xanthin (zan'-thin) [savdoc, yellow], C 5 H 4 N 4 2 . 
 A leukomain found in nearly all the tissues 
 and liquids of the animal economy, and also 
 in many plants; it occurs in minute quantities 
 in urine, also in guano. It is formed in 
 the decomposition of nuclein by dilute acids. 
 
XANTHINURIA 
 
 1037 
 
 XEROPHTHALMIA 
 
 It is a colorless powder, almost insoluble in 
 cold water, but readily soluble in dilute acids 
 and alkalis, and acts as a muscle-stimulant, 
 especially to the heart. See Hoppe-Seyler 
 and Weidel. 
 
 Xanthinuria {zan - thin - u'- re - ah) [xanthin; 
 urine]. The presence of xanthin in excess 
 in the urine. 
 
 Xantho- {zan-tho-) [^avOog, yellow]. A prefix 
 meaning yellow. 
 
 Xanthochromia {zan-tho-kro' -me-ah) [xantho-; 
 %p<Jopia,a, color], i. A yellowish discoloration 
 of the skin. 2. The yellow hemorrhagic dis- 
 coloration of the cerebrospinal fluid, diagnos- 
 tic of hemorrhage of the spinal cord. 
 
 Xanthocreatinin {zan-tho-kre-af -in-in) [xan- 
 tho-; creatinine C 5 H 10 N 4 O. A leukomain 
 found in muscle, crystallizing in yellow crystals 
 and resembling creatinin. It produces de- 
 pression, somnolence, fatigue, frequent defe- 
 cation, and vomiting. 
 
 Xanthocroous {zan-tho-kro' -us) [xantho-; xpoa, 
 skin]. Yellow-skinned. 
 
 Xanthocyanopia, Xanthocyanopsia {zan-tho- 
 si-an-o'-pe-ah, zan-tho-si-an-op' -se-ah) [xan- 
 tho-; nuavog, blue; cxpcc, sight]. A defect of 
 color-vision in which yellow and blue are 
 perceived, while red is imperceptible. 
 
 Xanthocyte {zan'-tho-slt) [xantho-; kutoc, a 
 cell]. A cell secreting a yellow pigment. 
 
 Xanthoderma, Xanthodermia {zan-tho-der'- 
 mah, zan-tho -der' -me-ah) [xantho-; okpfia, 
 skin]. A yellow discoloration of the skin. 
 
 Xanthodontous {zan-tho-don' -tus) [xantho-; 
 odouc, tooth]. Having yellow teeth. ' 
 
 Xanthoma {zan-tho' -mah) [xantho-; opta, tu- 
 mor]. Xanthelasma; a newgrowth of the 
 skin occurring as flat or slightly, raised patches 
 or nodules from a pin-head to a bean in 
 size, and of a yellowish color. The flat 
 lesions {xanthoma planum) usually occur 
 about the eyelids; the elevated or tubercular 
 variety {xanthoma tuberculatum; xanthoma 
 tuberosum) on the neck, trunk, and extremities. 
 Histologically the lesions consist of connective 
 tissue undergoing a partial fatty degeneration. 
 X. diabeticorum, a rare disease of the skin 
 associated with diabetes mellitus, the lesions 
 of which are denser and firmer than those of 
 true xanthoma, and are dull red, discrete, 
 and solid, with a yellowish point at the 
 apex. 
 
 Xanthopathy {zan-tho p'-ath-e). See Xantho- 
 derma. 
 
 Xanthophane {zan' -tho-fan) [xantho-; cjiahecv, 
 to show]. A yellow pigment found in the 
 retinal cones. 
 
 Xanthoproteic {zan-tho -pr 0' -te-ik) [xanthopro- 
 tein]. Derived from or related to xantho- 
 proteic X. Reaction, the deep-orange color 
 obtained by the addition of ammonia to 
 proteids that have been heated with strong 
 nitric acid. 
 
 Xanthoprotein (zan-tho-pro'-te-in) [xantho-; 
 protein]. A yellowish substance formed from 
 proteids by the action of nitric acid. 
 
 Xanthopsia {zan-tho p' -se-ah) [xantho-; o(/>cc, 
 
 vision]. Yellow vision; the condition in which 
 objects look yellow. 
 
 Xanthosis {zan-tho' -sis) [£avdbc, yellow]. The 
 yellow pigmentation sometimes observed, in 
 carcinoma. 
 
 Xanthoxylum {zan-thoks' -il-um) [xantho-; £u\ov, 
 wood]. Prickly ash, a genus of trees of the 
 order Rutacea. The dried bark of X. 
 americanum or of Fagara clava-herculis yields 
 the xanthoxylum of the U. S. P.; it contains 
 a crystalline principle, xanthoxylin, and is 
 irritant, stimulant, and slightly diaphoretic. 
 It is used in chronic rheumatism and as an 
 emmenagog. Dose 10 gr.— | dr. (0.65-2.0 
 
 . Gm.). X., Fluidextract of {fiuidextt -actum 
 xanthoxyli, U. S. P.). Dose |-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 
 Xeno- {zen-o-) [Hvoc, strange]. A prefix 
 meaning strange. 
 
 Xenogenesis {zen-o- jen' -es-is) . See Hetero- 
 genesis. 
 
 Xenomenia {zen-o-me' -ne-ah) [xeno-; firjvca'ca, 
 menses]. Vicarious menstruation. 
 
 Xenophthalmia {zen-o} -thai' -me-ah) [xeno-; 
 6(ji6aXp.6c, eye]. Conjunctivitis due to injury. 
 
 Xenosite {zen'-o-sit) [xeno-; o'crof, food].- A 
 parasite in an intermediate condition, organ, 
 or host. 
 
 Xeransis {zer-an'-sis) [$r)pavocc, a drying up]. 
 The drying up or desiccation of a part or of a 
 ^drug._ 
 
 Xerantic {zer-an'-tik) [see Xeransis]. Having 
 desiccative properties; drying. 
 
 Xerasia {zer-a'-ze-ah) [Zypoc, dry]. A disease of 
 the hair marked by cessation of growth and 
 excessive dryness. 
 
 Xero- {zer-o-) [Zypoe, dry]. A prefix meaning 
 dry. 
 
 Xerocollyrium {zer-o-kol-ir'-e-um) [xero-; 
 KoXXobpcov, collyrium]. A dry collyrium; 
 an eye-salve. 
 
 Xeroderma, Xerodermia {zer-o-der'-mah, zer-o- 
 der' -me-ah) [xero-; dipfxa, skin]. 1. An abnor- 
 mal dryness of the skin. 2. A disease charac- 
 terized by dryness and harshness of the skin, 
 discoloration, and a fine scaly desquamation; 
 by some it is considered a mild form of ichthy- 
 osis. X. pigmentosum, a rare disease of 
 the skin usually beginning in childhood, 
 and characterized by disseminated pigment- 
 spots, telangiectasis, atrophy of muscles, and 
 contraction of the skin, generally followed by 
 the development of ulcers, and ending in 
 death. Syn., Angioma pigmentosum atro- 
 phicum; Atrophoderma pigmejitosum; Kaposi 's 
 disease; Melanosis lenticularis progressiva. 
 
 Xeroform {zer' -o-form) . Tribromphenol-bis- 
 muth: an odorless, neutral powder containing 
 49.5% of bismuth oxid and 50% of tribrom- 
 phenol. It is an internal antiseptic, and is 
 recommended as a specific against Asiatic 
 cholera. Dose 7^ gr. (0.5 Gm.). 
 
 Xeroma {zer-o' -mah). See Xerophthalmia. 
 
 Xerophthalmia {zer-o f -thai' -me-ah) [xero-; 
 6<f)daXfj.6c, eye]. A dry and thickened condi- 
 tion of the conjunctiva, sometimes following 
 chronic conjunctivitis or disease of the lacri- 
 mal apparatus. 
 
XEROSIS 
 
 1038 
 
 YOHIMBIN 
 
 Xerosis (zer-o'-sis) [zrjpbg, dry]. A state of 
 dryness, especially of the skin (see Xeroderma) 
 or of the conjunctiva (see Xerophthalmia). 
 X. epithelialis, X. infantilis, X. triangu- 
 laris, xerophthalmia marked by a lusterless, 
 grayish-white, foamy, greasy, very persistent 
 deposit on the conjunctiva. 
 
 Xerostomia (zer-o-sto'-me-ah) [xero-; ozo/Jta, 
 mouth]. Dry mouth, a peculiar condition 
 characterized by suppression of the secretion 
 of the salivary and buccal glands. 
 
 Xerotes (zer-o'-tez) [syporrjc, dryness]. Dry- 
 ness; a dry habit of the body. 
 
 Xerotic (zer-ot'-ik). Characterized by xerosis; 
 dry. 
 
 Xerotripsis {zer-o-trip'-sis) [xero-; rpcfiecv, to 
 rub]. Dry friction. 
 
 Xiphi-, Xipho- {zif-i-, zif-o-) [£i<f>oc, sword]. 
 Prefixes signifying relating to the xiphoid 
 cartilage. 
 
 Xiphicostal. See Xiphocostal. 
 
 Xiphisternum(zi/-w-ter'-wMm) [xiphi-; sternum]. 
 The xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 Xiphocostal (zif-o-kos'-tal) [xipho-; costa, a rib]. 
 Pertaining to the xiphoid cartilage and to the 
 ribs. 
 
 Xiphodymus (zif-od f -im-us) [xipho-; deduce, 
 double]. A double monster with united 
 pelvic and thoracic cavities, two legs, and 
 occasionally with a rudimentary third leg. 
 
 Xiphodynia (zif-o-din'-e-ah) [xipho-; oduvt], 
 pain]. Pain in the ensiform cartilage. 
 
 Xiphoid {zi}'-oid) [z'c<}>oc, sword; eldoc, like]. 
 Sword-shaped; ensiform. X. Appendix, X. 
 
 nayoc, 
 by the 
 
 Skiag- 
 
 Cartilage, X. Process, the third piece, or 
 ensiform process, of the sternum; it becomes 
 osseous in mature age. 
 
 Xiphopagus {zif-op'-ag-us) [xipho-; 
 fixed]. A double monster united 
 xiphoid cartilages. 
 
 X-ray Photography. Synonym of 
 raphy. 
 
 X-rays. See Rays, Roentgen-. 
 
 Xylene {zi'-len). See Xylol. 
 
 Xylenin, Xylenobacillin {zi'-len-in, zi-len-o- 
 bas' -il-in) . See Zylenin. 
 
 Xylo- (zi-lo-) [%u\ov, wood]. A prefix meaning 
 pertaining to or derived from wood. 
 
 Xylochloral (zi-lo-klo' '-rat) . A crystalline com- 
 pound of xylose and chloral, prepared by 
 heating with hydrochloric acid; used as a hyp- 
 notic. 
 
 Xyloidin {zi-loi' -din) [xylo-; eldof, like], 
 C 6 H 9 N0 7 . A white, inflammable substance 
 obtained by the action of nitric acid upon 
 starch or various forms of woody fiber. 
 
 Xylol {zi'-lol) [xylo-; oleum, oil], C 8 H J0 . 
 Dimethylbenzene, a volatile hydrocarbon 
 used in microscopy as a clearing-agent and 
 as a solvent for Canada balsam. 
 
 Xylose (zi'-loz) [£uXov, wood], C 5 H 10 O 5 . A 
 glucose obtained by boiling wood gum (beech- 
 wood, jute, etc.) with dilute acids. 
 
 Xysma (ziz'-mah) [^uojia, scrapings]. The 
 flocculent pseudomembrane sometimes seen 
 in the stools in diarrhea. 
 
 Xyster {zis'-ter) [^uarvp, a rasp]. A surgeon's 
 rasp or scraping instrument. 
 
 Y. The symbol of yttrium. 
 
 Y-ligament. The iliofemoral ligament. 
 
 Yard. A measure used in the United States 
 and in England, equal to three feet. 
 
 Yarrow {ya'-ro). See Achillea. 
 
 Yawning (yaw'-ning) [AS., ganian, to yawn]. 
 An involuntary stretching of the muscles 
 accompanied by a deep inspiration, occur- 
 ring during the drowsy state preceding 
 the onset of sleep. 
 
 Yaws {yawz). See Frambesia. 
 
 Yeast (yest) [AS., gist]. The name applied to 
 various species of Saccharomyces. Yeast 
 acts as a ferment, producing the alcoholic 
 fermentation. Y., Beer-, Y., Brewer's, 
 the cerevisia fermentum of the B. P., produced 
 by Saccharomyces cerevisice. It is used 
 as a stimulant and locally as a poultice and 
 deodorant to gangrenous ulcers. Y. -poul- 
 tice {cataplasma fermenti, B. P.), a poultice 
 containing yeast. 
 
 Yellow (yel'-o) [AS., geolo]. Of a color like 
 that of gold ; producing such a color. 
 Y. Fever, an acute infectious disease of 
 tropical and subtropical regions of Amer- 
 ica, and due to a specific organism dissemin- 
 
 ated by the Stegomyia fasciata. After a period 
 of incubation varying from a few hours to 
 several days the disease begins with a chill 
 and pain in the head, back, and limbs. The 
 temperature rises rapidly to from 103 to 
 105 F., vomiting occurs, the bowels are 
 constipated, the urine scanty and albuminous. 
 A remission follows, after which, in severe cases, 
 the temperature rises to its original height, 
 jaundice develops, and the vomited ma- 
 terial becomes dark from the presence 
 of blood {black vomit). Hemorrhages may 
 occur from the intestinal mucous membrane. 
 The disease is very fatal, death occurring in 
 the typhoid state or from uremia. Y. Pre- 
 cipitate, yellow oxid of mercury. Y.-root. 
 See Hydrastis. Y. Spot, the macula lutea. 
 Y. Wash. See Wash, Yellow. 
 
 Yerba Santa (yar'-bah san'-tah). See Erio- 
 dictyon. 
 
 Yohimbe Bark. The bark of Corynan- 
 the yohimbe, a tree of the Cameroon re- 
 gion. 
 
 Yohimbin (yo -him' -bin). A mixture of alkaloids 
 from the bark of Corynanthe yohimbe, used 
 as an aphrodisiac. Dose^-^ gr. (0.0032- 
 
YOLK 
 
 1039 
 
 ZESTOCAUSIS 
 
 o.oi Gm.) 3 times daily and as a local anes- 
 thetic in i % solution. 
 
 Yolk [AS., geolca]. i. The nutritive part 
 of an ovum, consisting chiefly of yolk- 
 cells or yolk-granules. 2. The yellow portion 
 of the egg of birds. Y. -cells, Y. -granules. 
 See Sphere, Vitelline. Y.-sac, the umbilical 
 vesicle, the sac containing the food of the 
 embryo. 
 
 Young's Rule. A rule of dosage in children. 
 The dose is obtained by adding 12 to the 
 age and dividing the result by the age, and 
 making the quotient the denominator of 
 a fraction the numerator of which is 1. The 
 fraction represents the proportion of the 
 adult dose to be given to the child. 
 
 Young-Helmholtz Theory of Color-vision. 
 Color-vision depends upon the presence in 
 the retina of three different sets of fibers, 
 
 which respond to stimulation by a sensation of 
 red, green, or violet respectively. All other 
 colors are simply combinations of the three 
 primary colors. The excitation of any one set 
 is a matter of wave-length. The longest 
 waves excite the red, the shortest the violet, 
 and those of intermediate length the green 
 fibers. 
 
 Yttrium (it'-re-um) [Ytterby, in Sweden]. A 
 rare metallic element. Symbol, Y. See 
 Elements, Table of C hemic. 
 
 Yucca {yuk'-ah) [Am. Ind.]. A genus of 
 liliaceous plants. Y. filamentosa, Adam's 
 needle, of the southern United States, is 
 diuretic; its tincture is employed in ure- 
 thritis. 
 
 Yvon's Coefficient. The ratio existing be- 
 tween the amount of urea and the phosphates 
 in the urine, represented by ^. 
 
 Zaglas' Ligament. The portion of the pos- 
 terior sacroiliac ligament that extends from 
 the posterior superior spinous process of 
 the ilium downward to the side of the sacrum. 
 
 Zahn's Ribs. The whitish, transverse mark- 
 ings often formed on the surface of a thrombus 
 by the extremities of the columns of blood- 
 platelets and leukocytes. 
 
 Zakavaska. The name given in Russia to 
 the grains used as a ferment to produce 
 kephir or kumiss. 
 
 (von) Zaleski's Hepatin. See Ferratin, 
 Schmiedeberg's. Z.'s Test for CO in the 
 Blood, add to 2 Cc. of the blood to be tested 
 an equal volume of water and 3 drops of a one- 
 third saturated copper sulfate solution. In 
 the presence of carbon monoxid a brick-red 
 precipitate is obtained, while normal blood 
 gives a greenish-brown precipitate. 
 
 Zanaloin {za-naV -o-in) [Zanzibar; aloin]. The 
 aloin derived from Zanzibar aloes. 
 
 Zang's Space. The space between the two 
 tendons of origin of the sternomastoid in the 
 supraclavicular fossa. 
 
 Zanzolin (zan'-zo-lin). A proprietary mix- 
 ture of pyrethrum flowers, Chrysanthemum 
 corono pi folium, and valerian root, Valeriana 
 officinalis, used to combat mosquitos. 
 
 Zea {ze'-ah) [C,ka, sl sort of grain]. A genus of 
 grasses. The fresh styles and stigmas of Z. 
 mays, maize, Indian corn, constitute the zea 
 of the U. S. P. It has been used as a diuretic 
 in cystitis, gonorrhea, and cardiac dropsy. 
 
 Zean {ze'-ait) [zea]. A highly concentrated 
 extract of corn-silk; a diuretic and urinary 
 antiseptic. 
 
 Zedoary {zed'-o-a-re). The rhizome of several 
 species of Curcuma. It resembles ginger, but 
 is less agreeable and is seldom used in medicine. 
 
 Zeismus {ze-iz'-mus) [zea]. Pellagra. 
 
 Zeiss' Glands. See Zeissian Glands. 
 
 Zeissian Glands. The sebaceous glands of 
 the eyelashes. Z. Sty, hordeolum externum; 
 a sty produced by suppuration of one of 
 the zeissian glands. 
 
 Zeller's Test for Melanin in Urine. Treat 
 the urine with bromin water, and in the 
 presence of melanin a yellow precipitate is 
 formed which gradually changes to black. 
 
 Zellner's Test-paper. Prepare by applying 
 the coloring-matter employed as indicator, 
 say fluorescein in solution, upon an under- 
 ground, for which a neutral black coloring- 
 matter is used. The fluorescein shows the 
 minutest traces of alkali by a greenish 
 color. 
 
 Zernatone {zem' -at-on) . A proprietary remedy 
 for asthma said to consist of extractives of 
 Datura stramonium, Hyoscyamus niger, each, 
 8 parts; Grindelia robusta, 15 parts; Solanum 
 nigrum, 4 parts; Atropa belladonna, 6 parts; 
 white agaric, 5 parts; poppy capsules, 5 parts; 
 and potassium nitrate, 22 parts. 
 
 Zenker's Crystals. See Crystals, Charcot's. 
 Z.'s Degeneration, Z.'s Disease of Mus- 
 cles, waxy or hyaline degeneration of mus- 
 cles occurring in acute infectious diseases, 
 especially in typhoid fever. Z.'s Paralysis, 
 paresis and disturbance of sensation in the 
 lower extremities, the external popliteal nerve 
 being most involved; it is caused by frequent 
 and prolonged kneeling or squatting. 
 
 Zeoscope {ze'-o-skop) [C_kcv, to boil; gkotzbcv, 
 to view]. An apparatus for determining the 
 alcoholic strength of a liquid by means of its 
 boiling-point. 
 
 Zero {ze'-rd). 1. Any character denoting ab- 
 sence of quantity. 2. The point from which 
 thermometers are graded. 
 
 Zestocausis {zes-to-kaw' -sis) [£eor6c, boiling; 
 
ZESTOCAUTERY 
 
 1040 
 
 ZINC 
 
 mkcv, to burn]. Cauterization with an 
 instrument heated by steam; atmocausis. 
 
 Zestocautery {zes-to-kaw'-ter-e). A double- 
 channeled intrauterine catheter, the outer 
 unfenestrated tube of which is heated by 
 steam and acts as a cautery. 
 
 ZiehPs Solution. A fluid employed to stain 
 lepra and tubercle bacilli. It consists of a 
 5 % aqueous solution of phenol, with one- 
 tenth its volume of a saturated alcoholic 
 solution of fuchsin. Heat the specimen in 
 this for three minutes, and the entire specimen 
 will be stained red. Decolorize with 20 or 
 30% of nitric acid, and the tubercle bacilli 
 alone will retain the stain. 
 
 Ziemssen's Motor Points. Points of election 
 in electrization of muscles; they correspond 
 to the places of entrance of the motor nerves 
 into the muscles. 
 
 Zimmerlin's Type of Progressive Muscular 
 Atrophy. The scapulohumeral type, dis- 
 tinguished from Erb's type by the absence 
 of secondary lipomatosis. 
 
 Zimmermann's Granules. See Bizzozero's 
 Blood-platelets. 
 
 Zinc. A bluish-white metal (zincum, U. S. 
 P.) having a specific gravity of 7.12, an 
 atomic weight of 64.9, and a valence of 2. 
 Symbol, Zn. In nature it occurs in two 
 principal forms, as a sulfid, called blende, and 
 as a carbonate and silicate, termed calamin. 
 When melted and poured into water it be- 
 comes granular {zincum granulatum, B. P.). 
 Zinc is used to prepare zinc sulfate and zinc 
 chlorid, and for generating hydrogen. The 
 compounds of zinc are poisonous, and the 
 slow ingestion of it produces a chronic intoxi- 
 cation resembling, but less severe than, that 
 produced by lead. Z. Acetate {zinci acetas, 
 U. S. P., B. P.), Zn(C 2 H 3 2 ) 2 .2H 2 0, is used 
 locally in ophthalmia and gonorrhea in solu- 
 tions of from 1-2 gr. to the oz. (0.065-0.13 Gm. 
 to 30 Cc.) of water. Z. Bromid (zinci bromi- 
 durn, U. S. P.), ZnBr 2 , has been used in epilepsy. 
 Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). Z. Car- 
 bolate, a white, antiseptic powder, slightly 
 soluble in water or alcohol; used as a surgical 
 dusting-powder.. Z. Carbonate, Precipi- 
 tated (zinci carbonas prcecipitatus, U. S. P.; 
 zinci carbonas, B. P.), (ZnC0 3 ) 2 .3Zn(HO) 2 , 
 is used generally in the form of prepared 
 calamin, as a dusting-powder on excoriated 
 surfaces, or in the form of a cerate. Z. Chlo- 
 rid (zinci chloridum, U. S. P., B. P.), ZnCl 2 , 
 is used chiefly as an escharotic in carcinoma 
 and spreading ulcers, as an injection in 
 gonorrhea, and as an astringent in conjunc- 
 tivitis. It is also employed as a disinfectant 
 and for preserving anatomic preparations. Z. 
 Chlorid, Solution of (liquor zinci chloridi, U. S. 
 P., B. P.), used as disinfectant and preserva- 
 tive. Burnett's disinfecting fluid is a solution 
 of zinc chlorid. Z. Cyanid, Zn(CN) 2 , has been 
 used in chorea, epilepsy, neuralgia, gastralgia, 
 and uterine colic. Dose ^-1 gr. (0.016- 
 0.065 Gm.). Z. Ferrocyanid, Zn 2 Fe(CN) 6 + 
 3H 2 0, is used like zinc cyanid. Dose 1-4 gr. 
 
 (0.065-0.26 Gm.). Z., Flowers of, zinc 
 oxid. Z. Formate, Zn(CH0 2 ) 2 + 2H 2 0, pris- 
 matic crystals, soluble in 24 parts of water; 
 used in gonorrhea. Z. Hypophosphite, 
 
 Zn(PH 2 2 ) 2 4-H 2 0, used as an antiseptic, 
 antispasmodic, and astringent. Dose \-t.\ 
 gr. (0.032-0.1 Gm.). Z. Iodid (zinci iodidum, 
 U. S. P.), Znl 2 , has been used in chorea, 
 scrofula, and hysteria, and locally as an astrin- 
 gent, like the chlorid. Dose \-2 gr. (0.032- 
 0.13 Gm.). Z. Lactate, Zn(C 3 H 5 2 ) 2 .3H 2 0, 
 has been used in epilepsy. Dose 2-10 gr. 
 (0.13-0.65 Gm.). Z. Nitrate, Zn(N0 3 ) 2 + 
 6H 2 ; used externally in 50 % paste with flour 
 and water as an escharotic in cancerous 
 affections. Z. Oxid (zinci oxidum, U. S. P., 
 B. P.), ZnO, is an amorphous white powder, 
 and is used internally in chorea, epilepsy, 
 whooping-cough, and gastrointestinal catarrh; 
 locally, as a desiccant to excoriated surfaces, 
 in the form of powder or ointment. Dose 
 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 Gm.). Z. Oxid, Oint- 
 ment of (unguentum zinci oxidi, U. S. P.; 
 unguentum zinci, B. P.), an ointment composed 
 of zinc oxid and benzoinated lard. Z. Per- 
 manganate, Zn(Mn0 4 ) 2 + 6H 2 0. used in 
 aqueous solution (1 : 4000) as injection in gonor- 
 rhea and in 1 : 1000 or 2 : 1000 solution as eye- 
 lotion. It is incompatible with all combusti- 
 ble or easily oxidizable substances. Z. Phenol- 
 sulfonate (zinci phenolsulphonas, U. S. P.), 
 ZnfC 6 H 5 4 S) 2 + 8H 2 0, used as an antiseptic 
 and astringent. Dose 2 gr. (0.13 Gm.). Z. 
 Phosphid, Zn 3 P 2 , used in medicine as a sub- 
 stitute for phosphorus. Dose ^ gr. (0.003 
 Gm.). Z. Phosphite, 2ZnHP0 3 +5H 2 0; an 
 antiseptic and tonic. Z. Picrate, Z. Picro- 
 nitrate, Zn(C 6 H 2 (N0 2 ) 3 0) 2 +H 2 0, used as an 
 antiseptic. Z. Salicylate, (C 7 H 5 3 ) 2 Zn+H 2 0; 
 recommended as an antiseptic dusting-powder 
 and wash in various skin diseases. Z. Sozo- 
 iodol, Z. Sozoiodolate, (C 6 H 2 I 2 (OH)S0 3 ) 2 - 
 Zn+ 6H 2 0, used in 2 % aqueous solution in gon- 
 orrhea and in nasal catarrh in 10 to 15 % 
 dusting-powder. Z. Stearate (zinci stearas, 
 U. S. P.), a very fine white powder, tasteless, 
 and having a slight odor, resembling that of 
 fat. Z. Subgallate, a compound of zinc oxid, 
 44%, and gallic acid, 56%; it is used as an 
 intestinal antiseptic. Dose ^-4 gr. (0.03-0.26 
 Gm.), and externally on wounds, in gonorrhea, 
 etc. Z. Sulfate (zinci sulphas, U. S. P., B. P.), 
 ZnS0 4 +7H 2 0, white vitriol, is tonic, astrin- 
 gent, and emetic. It is used in gastric catarrh, 
 as an emetic, and locally in ophthalmia, 
 gonorrhea, leukorrhea, and as a caustic in 
 ulcers, condylomas, etc. In overdoses it is 
 a gastrointestinal irritant. Dose \-\ gr. 
 (0.016-0.032 Gm.); as an emetic, 10-30 gr. 
 (0.65-2.0 Gm.). Z. Sulfhydrate, Zn(SH) 2 , 
 a white precipitate, which decomposes on 
 becoming dry. Recommended externally and 
 internally in the treatment of chronic eczema, 
 psoriasis, and bacterial dermatoses. Inter- 
 nally the dose is \-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 Gm.); 
 externally in ointment (10%), combined with 
 lanolin and lard (2:3). Z. Sulfite, ZnS- 
 
ZINGIBER 
 
 1041 
 
 ZONE 
 
 3 +2H 2 0, used as an antiseptic in skin dis- 
 eases. Z. Sulfocarbolate. See Z. Phenol- 
 suljonate. Z. Sulfoichthyolate, a brown, 
 tarry mass used externally as an antiseptic. 
 Z. Sulfophenate. See Z. Phenolstdfonate. 
 Z. Tannate, Zn 3 (C 27 H 19 17 ) 2 , a gray astrin- 
 gent powder used in diarrhea. Dose i-|- 3-4 1 
 gr. (0.1-0.2-0.3 Gm.) and externally in gonor- 
 rhea. Z. Valerate (zinci valeras, U. S. P., 
 B. P.), Zn(C 5 H 9 2 ) 2 .2H 2 0, is used in neuralgia, 
 epilepsy, hysteria, and diabetes insipidus. 
 Dose 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 Gm.). Z. -white, 
 zinc oxid. 
 
 Zingiber (zin f -jib-er) [^cyj'c^epcc, ginger]. Gin- 
 ger, a genus of plants of the Zingiber acea. 
 The rhizome of Z. officinale is the zingiber 
 of the U. S. P.; it contains a volatile oil, and 
 is used as a stimulant and carminative in 
 dyspepsia, flatulence, and intestinal atony; 
 externally it is rubefacient. Dose 10-20 gr. 
 (0.65-1.3 Gm.). Zingiberis, Fluidextractum 
 (U. S. P.), fmidextract of ginger. Dose 10-20 
 min. (0.65-1.3 Cc). Zingiberis, Oleoresina 
 (U. S. P.), oleoresin of ginger. Dose 1 min. 
 (0.065 Cc). Zingiberis, Syrupus (U. S. P., 
 B. P.), syrup of ginger. Dose 1 dr. (4 Cc). 
 Zingiberis, Tinctura (U. S. P., B. P.), 
 tincture of ginger. Dose l-i dr. (2-4 Cc). 
 Ginger also enters into the composition of 
 pulvis aromaticus (U. S. P.), pulvis cinna- 
 momi compositus (B. P.), and pulvis rhei 
 compositus (U. S. P., B. P.). 
 
 Zingiberin (zin-jib'-er-in). The oleoresin of 
 ginger. 
 
 Zinn's Artery. The central artery of the 
 retina. Z.'s Circle, the plexus formed by 
 small branches of the ciliary arteries within 
 the fibrous layer of the sclera at the entrance 
 of the optic nerve. Z.'s Ligament. See 
 Z.'s Ring. Z.'s Membrane, the anterior 
 layer of the iris. Z.'s Ring, Z.'s Tendon, 
 the circular fibrous sheath formed by the 
 common tendon of the internal, external, and 
 inferior rectus muscles. Z.'s Zonula, Z.'s 
 Zonule, the suspensory ligament of the crys- 
 talline lens. It is a thin, transparent mem- 
 brane covering the ciliary processes and ex- 
 tending to the anterior capsule. A portion 
 lies above the processes in folds, that covering 
 the processes being smooth. Syn., Zonula 
 ciliaris. 
 
 Zinol {zin'-oT). A mixture of zinc acetate 
 and aluminol; used in solution in gonorrhea. 
 
 Zionist {zi r -on-ist) . A follower of the faith- 
 healer, Dowie. 
 
 Zittmann's Decoction. A drink used in 
 old, obstinate cases of syphilis. It consists of 
 sarsaparilla, 12^ oz.; water, 325 troy oz.; alum 
 and sugar, each, 6 dr. ; anise and fennel, each, 
 4 dr.; senna, 3 oz. ; licorice root, 1^ oz. 
 
 Zn. The symbol for zinc. 
 
 Zoanthropy {zo-an' -thro-pe) [£<pov, animal; 
 avdpumoc, a man]. A form of insanity in 
 which the person imagines himself trans- 
 formed into or inhabited by an animal. 
 
 Zoellner. See Zdllner. 
 
 Zoescope (zo f -es-kop). See Stroboscope. 
 67 
 
 Zoetrope {zo'-e-trop) [^ojt], life; xpoTietv, to turn]. 
 A stroboscope. 
 
 Zollner's Lines. A device to illustrate false 
 estimates of direction or parallelism by 
 intersecting lines crossing parallel lines at 
 a certain angle. 
 
 Zomol (zo'-mol) [£ojpi6f, meat-juice]. The plas- 
 ma of. raw beef. Evaporated to dryness it 
 is used as a concentrated food. Dose 150 gr. 
 (10 Gm.) daily. 
 
 Zomotherapy {zo-mo-ther' -ap-e) [^ojfxoc, meat- 
 juice; depaneca, therapy]. Treatment of 
 tuberculosis by means of a raw meat diet; 
 the meat, finely hashed or scraped, is given in 
 daily doses of 6 oz. (200 Gm.) with soup, etc. 
 
 Zona (zo'-nah) [L.]. 1. A belt or girdle. 
 2. See Herpes zoster. Z. arcuata, the 
 inner zone of the basilar membrane, ex- 
 tending from the lower edge of the spiral 
 groove of the cochlea to the external edge 
 of the base of the outer rods of Corti. Z. 
 cartilaginea, the limbus of the spiral lam- 
 ina. Z. ciliaris, the ciliary processes col- 
 lectively. Z. denticulata, the inner zone 
 of the basilar membrane, together with 
 the limbus of the spiral lamina. Z. fas- 
 ciculata, the central portion of the cortex 
 of the suprarenal capsule, composed of 
 tube-like transverse bands. Z. glomer- 
 ulosa, a part of the cortical portion of the 
 suprarenal capsule, having a net-like ap- 
 pearance on section, situated near the sur- 
 face of the organ. Z. ophthalmica, herpes 
 zoster along the course of the ophthalmic 
 division of the fifth nerve. Z. orbicu- 
 laris, a thickening of the capsular ligament 
 around the acetabulum. Z. pectinata, the 
 outer portion of the basilar membrane, extend- 
 ing from the rods of Corti to the spiral liga- 
 ment. Z. pellucida, the thick, solid, elastic 
 envelop of the ovum, corresponding to the cell- 
 wall of a cell. Syn., Vitelline membrane. 
 Z. tecta, the inner portion of the basilar 
 membrane, bearing the organ of Corti. Z. 
 terminalis. See Terma. 
 
 Zonal (zo'-nal) [zona]. Pertaining to a girdle 
 or to a band-like structure. 
 
 Zonate (zo'-ndt) [zona]. Marked with con- 
 centric bands. 
 
 Zone (zon). See Zona. Z., Cornuradicular, 
 the external part of Burdach's column, 
 abutting on the middle third of the internal 
 border of the posterior horn, and representing 
 approximately the posterior root-zone. Z., 
 Hypnogenous, an area or tract, pressure 
 upon which induces sleep. Z., Hyster- 
 ogenous, a region, as the ovarian or submam- 
 mary region, where pressure in hysteric 
 women calls forth a hysteric attack. Z., 
 Neogenic, the subcapsular layer of the kidney, 
 so called because it is the one in which the 
 most active processes are going on. Z., Scler- 
 otic, a condition occurring in iritis, marked 
 by a ring of anastomoses of deep conjunctival 
 vessels around the periphery of the cornea, 
 which perforate the sclerotic and anastomose 
 with those of the iris and choroid. 
 
ZONESTHESIA 
 
 1042 
 
 ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL 
 
 Zonesthesia {zon-es-the' -ze-aK) . See Girdle- 
 pain. 
 
 Zonular {zon'-u-lar) [zonule]. Pertaining to or 
 in the shape of a zone or band, as zonular 
 cataract. 
 
 Zonule {zon'-ul) [zonula, a little zone]. A 
 small band. Z. of Zinn. See Zinn's Zonula. 
 
 Zonulitis {zon-u-W -tis) . Inflammation of 
 Zinn's zonule. 
 
 Zoo- {zo-o-) [£tiov, an animal]. A prefix mean- 
 ing animal or pertaining to an animal. 
 
 Zooamylon {zo-o-am' -il-on) [zoo-; amylum, 
 starch]. The ternary substance allied to 
 starch and glycogen found in the cytoplasm 
 of certain sporozoa. 
 
 Zoobiology {zo-o-bi-oV '-o-je) [zoo-; biology']. 
 Animal biology. 
 
 Zoochemia, Zoochemistry {zo-o-ke'-me-ah, 
 zo-o-kem' -is-tre) [zoo-; yrjfie'ca, chemistry]. 
 The chemistry of animal life and tissues. 
 
 Zoocyst {zo'-o-sist) [zoo-; kootcc", cell]. A 
 variety of encysted rhizopods resembling a 
 sporocyst, except in the thickness and num- 
 ber of the protective layers. 
 
 Zoocytium {zo-o-sif -e-um) [zoo-; kutoc, cavity]. 
 The gelatinous matrix secreted by certain 
 infusoria. 
 
 Zoodermic {zo-o-der'-mik). Pertaining to or 
 taken from the skin of some animal other than 
 man; applied to a form of skin-grafting. 
 
 Zoodynamics {zo-o-di-nam' -iks) [zoo-; duvapac, 
 power]. Animal physiology. 
 
 Zoogenesis {zo-o-jen' -es-is) [zoo-; yewdv, to 
 beget]. The generation of animal forms. 
 
 Zoogenous {zo-of -en-us) [see Zoogenesis]. De- 
 veloped or derived from animals. 
 
 Zooglea {zo-og'-le-ah) [zoo-; ylotbc, a sticky 
 • substance]. A stage in the life-history of 
 certain bacteria in which they lie embedded 
 in a gelatinous matrix. 
 
 Zoograft {zo' -o-graft) [zoo-; graft]. A graft of 
 tissue derived from an animal. 
 
 Zoografting {zo' -o-grajt-ing) [see Zoograft]. 
 Grafting with tissue taken from the lower an- 
 imals. 
 
 Zooid {zo'-oid) [zoo-; eldoc, like], i. Resem- 
 bling an animal. 2. Any one of a series of 
 more or less independent forms resulting 
 from the development of a single ovum. 
 
 Zoolak {zo'-ol-ak). A commercial name for 
 matzoon. 
 
 Zoology {zo-oV -o-je) [zoo-; Xbyog, a treatise]. 
 That branch of biology treating of the form, 
 nature, and classification of animals. 
 
 Zoomagnetism {zo-o-mag' -net-izm) . Animal 
 magnetism. 
 
 Zoonomia, Zoonomy {zo-o-no'-me-ah, zo-on'- 
 o-me) [zoo-; vbfiog, law]. The principles or 
 laws of animal life; zoobiology. 
 
 Zooparasite {zo-o-par' '-as-lt) [zoo-; parasite]. 
 An animal parasite. 
 
 Zoopathology {zo-o-path-oV -o-je) [zoo-; pathol- 
 ogy]. The science of the diseases of animals. 
 
 Zoophagous {zor-of -ag-us) [zoo-; (fiayelv, to eat]. 
 Subsisting on animal food. 
 
 Zoophobia {zo-o-fo'-be-ah) [zoo-; <f)6fioc, fear]. 
 Morbid dread of certain animals. 
 
 Zoophyte {zo'-o-fit) [zoo-; <f>uxbv, a plant]. A 
 member of the lower invertebrates. 
 
 Zoosperm {zo'-o-sperm). See Spermatozoon. 
 
 Zoospore {zo'-o-spor) [zoo-; onbpoc, seed]. A 
 motile spore. 
 
 Zootomist {zo-ot'-o-mist) [zoo-; tojjltj, a cutting]. 
 One who dissects animals; a comparative 
 anatomist. 
 
 Zootomy {zo-of -o-me) [see Zootomist]. The 
 dissection of animals. 
 
 Zootrophotoxism {zo-o-trof-o-toks'-izm) [zoo-; 
 rpo(f>T), nourishment; to^ckov, poison]. Poison- 
 ing with infected animal food. Z., Gastric, 
 Z., Intestinal, that occurring through in- 
 gestion of spoiled flesh, milk, or cheese, and 
 marked by cholera nostras, colic, diarrhea, 
 fever, cramps, progressing to collapse and 
 cyanosis. Z., Tropeinic, Zootrophotoxis- 
 mus tropeinicus, zootrophotoxism due to 
 ingestion of poisonous sausage and salted fish, 
 accompanied by symptoms similar to those 
 of tropeinism. 
 
 Zoster {zos'-ter). See Herpes zoster. 
 
 Zouchlos' Test for Albumin. A reagent 
 consisting of 10% of potassium sulfocyanid 
 solution and 20 parts of acetic acid, added 
 drop by drop to an albumin solution, produces 
 a marked cloudiness. 
 
 Zuckerkandl's Convolution. The gyrus sub- 
 callosus; the peduncle of the callosum; it is 
 located in the mesal aspect of the cerebrum 
 and extends from the chiasm to the rostrum. 
 Z.'s Dehiscences. See Dehiscences, Zucker- 
 kandl's. Z.'s Vein, a small branch of the 
 ethmoid veins through which the veins of 
 the lateral wall of the nose communicate with 
 the cerebral veins. 
 
 Zwenger's Test for Cholesterin. See Lie- 
 bermann-Buchard' s Test. 
 
 Zygal {zi'-gal) [zygon]. Yoked; applied to 
 cerebral fissures consisting of two pairs of 
 branches connected by a stem. 
 
 Zygapophysis {zi-gap-of -is-is) [zygon; apoph- 
 ysis]. The articular process of a vertebra. 
 
 Zygolabialis {zi-go-la-be-a' -lis) [zygon; labium, 
 a lip]. The zygomaticus major et minor. 
 See under Muscle. 
 
 Zygoma {zi-go'-mah) [^uycofia, the cheek-bone]. 
 The arch formed by the union of the zygo- 
 matic process of the temporal bone and the 
 malar bone. 
 
 Zygomatic (zi-go-mat f -ik) [zygoma]. Pertain- 
 ing to the zygoma. Z. Arch, the zygoma. 
 
 Zygomatico- (zi-go-mat-ik-o-) [zygoma]. A pre- 
 fix meaning relating to the zygoma. 
 
 Zygbmaticoauricular {zi-go-mat-ik-o-aw-rik'- 
 u-lar) [zygomatico-; auricular is, of the ear]. 
 Pertaining to the zygoma and the ear. 
 
 Zygomaticoauricularis {zi-go-mat-ik-o-aw-rik- 
 u-la'-ris) [see Zygomaticoauricular]. The 
 attrahens aurem muscle. See under Muscle. 
 
 Zygomaticofacial {zi-go-mat-ik-o-fa'-shal) [zy- 
 gomatico-; fades, face]. Pertaining to the 
 zygoma and the face. 
 
 Zygomaticotemporal {zi-go-mat-ik-o-tem'-po- 
 ral) [zygomatico-; temporal]. Pertaining to the 
 zygpma and the temporal bone or fossa. 
 
ZYGOMATICUS 
 
 1043 
 
 ZYMOTOXIC 
 
 Zygomaticus (zi-go-maf -ik-us) [zygoma]. One 
 of several small subcutaneous muscles arising 
 from or in relation with the zygoma. See 
 under Muscle. 
 
 Zygomaxillary (zi-go-maks'-il-a-re). See Ju- 
 gomaxillary . 
 
 Zygon (zi'-gon) [£,oybv, yoke]. In the cerebrum, 
 the bar that connects the two pairs of branches 
 of a zygal fissure. 
 
 Zygoneure (zi'-go-nilr) [zygon; veupov, nerve]. 
 A nerve-cell joining other nerve-cells. 
 
 Zylenin, Zylenobacillin (zi'-len-in, zi-len-o- 
 bas'-il-in). A toxin from tubercle bacilli. 
 
 Zym (zlm) [C"P-y, leaven]. An organized 
 ferment. Cf. Enzym. 
 
 Zymase (zi'-mds). i. See Microzym. 2. The 
 unorganized ferment or enzym to which the 
 fermentive activity of the yeast-cell is due. 
 Z., Buchner's, that expressed from dried 
 yeast; yeast-cell plasma. 
 
 Zyme (zim). See Zym. 
 
 Zymic (zi'-mik) [zyme]. Of or pertaining to 
 organized ferments. 
 
 Zymin (zi'-min) [zyme]. 1. A pancreatic prepa- 
 ration used in the treatment of diabetes 
 mellitus. See Zym. 2. Sterile dried yeast; 
 mixed with sugar and water it is used as 
 an application in leukorrhea of gonorrheal 
 origin. 
 
 Zyminized (zi'-min-izd) [zym]. A term ap- 
 plied to milk in which a fermentive change 
 has been induced, comparable to peptonization. 
 
 Zymo- (zi-mo-) [£bp-Tj, leaven]. A prefix 
 meaning pertaining to or produced by fer- 
 mentation. 
 
 Zymogen (zi'-mo-jen) [zymo-; yevvav, to produce]. 
 The substance existing in the glands secreting 
 a digestive juice, and which, when set free, 
 splits into a ferment (enzym) and a proteid. 
 
 Zymogenic (zi-mo-jen'-ik) [zymogen]. 1. 
 Causing fermentation. 2. Pertaining to or 
 producing a zymogen. 
 
 Zymohydrolysis {zi-mo-hi-drol'-is-is) [zymo-; 
 ijdcop, water; Xuecv, to loose]. Hydrolysis 
 produced by the cleavage action of enzyms. 
 
 Zymoid (zi'-moid) [zymo-; ecooc, like]. Re- 
 sembling an organized ferment. 
 
 Zymoidin (zi-moid' -in) . A proprietary wound 
 antiseptic said to be a mixture of oxids of 
 zinc, bismuth, and aluminium with iodin, 
 boric acid, salicylic acid, phenol, gallic acid, etc. 
 
 Zymology (zi-moV -o-je) [zymo-; Xojog, science]. 
 The science dealing with fermentation. 
 
 Zymo lysis (zi-moV -is-is) . See Zymosis (1). 
 
 Zymoma (zi-mo' -mah) [^upcopa, a fermented 
 mixture]. Any ferment, fermented mixture, 
 or culture. 
 
 Zymometer (zi-mom' -et-er) [zymo-; ptcpov, a 
 measure]. An instrument for measuring 
 fermentation. 
 
 Zymophoric, Zymophorous (zi-mo f'-or-ik, zi- 
 mof -or-us) [zymo-; <f)optlv, to bear]. Exerting 
 a fermentive action; bearing specific fer- 
 mentive properties. 
 
 Zymophyte (zi' -mo-fit) [zymo-; <f)UZGv, a plant]. 
 A microorganism producing fermentation. 
 
 Zymose (zi'-mos). See Enzym. 
 
 Zymosimeter (zi-mo-sim' -et-er) . See Zymom- 
 eter. 
 
 Zymosis (zi-mo' -sis) [zyme]. 1. Fermentation, 
 the result of the vital activity of certain micro- 
 organisms, organized ferments, or zyms. 
 2. The condition of one affected with a zy- 
 motic disease. 3. An infectious disease. Z. 
 gastrica, organacidia gastrica in which the 
 organic acids are due to the presence in the 
 stomach of growing, sporulating, budding 
 yeast. 
 
 Zymotic (zi-mot'-ik) [zymosis]. Pertaining to 
 zymosis; produced by zymosis. Z. Disease, 
 an infectious disease. 
 
 Zymotoxic (zi-mo -toks'-ik) [zymo-; zo^ckov, • 
 poison]. In the side-chain theory, relating 
 to the hemolytic action of the toxophore group. 
 
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