802 :opv ^ Lincoln County NEW MEXICO In the Heart of the Land of Sunshine where Rich and Varied Natural Resources offer exceptional Opportunities to the Farmer, the Stock Grower, the Prospector and Investor Published by Authority of THE BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION OF NEW MEXICO 1909 / t LINCOLN COUNTY NEW MEXICO Huiulreils of thousands of acres of land now open to lioniestead entry. (Miniate and soils adapted to I lie suc- cessful growth of every product of orcli- anl. farm and garden which will flourish iii the Southwest. Thousands of acres of land whii'h may be farmed without irrigation. Range for tliousands uf cattle, sheep and goats. Mountain ranges carrying liigh values in gold, coppei-. iron and coal; mines which have produced millions; a vast area for the pit.spector. Mountain valleys with fine opportuni- ties for development of small irrigation projects. Adequate transpoi-tation to active mar- kets. (lood local government. flourishing towns and villages, excellent schools. Magniflcent mountain scenei-y. A climate to which the United States Government has given official recognition as unrivaled for the alleviation of pul- monary tuberculosis and diseases of the throat and lungs. Published by Authority of THE BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION OF NEW MEXICO 1909 Further information concerning Lincoln Connty, or any section Of New Mexico will be furnished promptly upon application to H. B HENING, Secretary Bureau of Immigi-ation, Albuijuerque, New Mexico. r Ts u i;5 j§j|): FORTUNATELY for the arm5' of homeseekers now finding its way into the Southwest New Mexico has a number of favored regions as j^et thinly popu- lated and offering wide areas of good land, either open to homestead entry under the federal land laws, or which may be purchased at prices within reach of the man of limited means, thus offering opportunity to the man who is seeking to better his condition by establishing a home in a country as yet FOREWORD comparatively vindeveloped and in which prospects for develop- ment and consequent profit are great. Li^jcoln county, over much of its great area, is one of these favored regions. Until the past four or five years the greater part of the county was considered fit only for grazing; but, as in many other sections of New Mexico, the application of scientific farming has demon- strated that crops may be grown withovit irrigation over a ^•ery considerable por- tion of the county. The discovery of the possibilities of farming without irrigation has attracted Avide attention to the county; homeseekers are turning there in con- stantly increasing numbers and the demand for information is great. The purpose of this book is to supply this information in compact, accurate form. In its prepara- tion the Bureau of Immigration has had the co-operation of a number of reliable business men in Lincoln county who are thoroughly familiar with local conditions, and the information offered, having been carefully verified, may be relied upon. The effort throughout has been to conservatism in stating the resources and advantages of the county. o 3-3 ■S S © ■X Hi d N - s s^ r ^ u -* 05 9 ^ O ^ 03 S5 S |5< s ^ •5 • s CD «J ^ « _, ^o ^ i^ 3 fa O! CS i> . ^ 3 C3 3 ^ O M A Brief Outline of General Conditions LINCOLN county was one of the original sub-divisions into which New Mexico was formed upon its creation by Congress in 1850. From its original area have been taken all the counties of southeastern New Mexico. Lincoln, the county Stat, is one of the historic towns of tlie Southwest. Near the old military post of Fort Stanton, now transformed into a great hospital for victims of con- sumption; not far from Fort Sumner, as distances were reckoned in those days; and on the high-road to the Pecos country, the town in the early days was one of importance. Set deep in its picturesque valley, shadowed on either side by tower- ing mountains, it has been the scene of many of the stirring incidents of the time when Indian warfare and outlawry were something more than memories of old men. Many a famous tiial has taken place in the battered old court house, where Billy the Kid of notorious memory, was once confined. It was the meeting place of cattlemen for two hundred miles around, when cattlemen ruled the country and volumes of history and incident of absorbing interest might be written of its early days. Eut in these years of rapid development Lincoln has had to give way to the vigorous young towns along the railroads and the people of Lincoln county are far more interested in their material prosperity and progress than in history, for Lin- coln county is no longer part of the frontier, but a peaceful, prosperous, well-gov- erned community, part of an equally prosperous and well-governed commonwealth. The county is located somewhat to the south and east of the center of New Mexico. It is bounded on the north by Torrance and Guadalupe counties, on the east by Chaves, on the south by Chaves and Otero and on the west by Socorro county. Its total area is 4,659 square miles, or nearly 3,000,000 acres, of which ap- proximately 1,800,000 acres are open to homestead entry. A considerable portion of the area is classed as mineral land while 596,603 acres are included in the Lin- coln National Forest which extends from the southern boundary well over the central portion of the county. A Bird': -l-lic \ icw of I'urt Slant(;ii, Sliowiu; and the Hospital Farm lllooded Stock LINCOLN COUNTY llaiK-h House, the Carrizozo Cattle Kaiieli Company. Two Miles North of Carrizozo The general topographical features of the county are clearly shown in the accompanying map, the country rising from east and west by sharp elevations into a chain of imposing mountain ranges which mount at their highest points to an ele- vation of near 12,000 feet. The towering, snow-capped peaks of the Sierra Blanca reach 11,900 feet; El Capitan is 10,023 feet, while the Gallinas reaches 9,798 and Carizo 9,390. It is a mountain chain presenting scenery without rival in the South- west. Little known, because little advertised, its grassy slopes and rugged canyons offer at once a playground and a .'sanitarium for the nation. The high, dry air of these elevations is healing and invigorating, while fish in the streams and game in the forests offer abundant sport. A very large part of the drainage area of the Pecos River lies in Lincoln county. The Rio Hondo, one of its principal tributaries, rises in the south-central portion of the county and is fed by numerous streams of purest mountain water of which the principal ones are the Rio Bonito, and Eagle and Ruidoso creeks. The headwaters of the Rio Felix and Rio Salado are also in the county while Nogal creek and smaller independent water courses flow west into the Rio Grande during the flood seasons. The mountain ranges are broken by small valleys in which irrigation has been carried on with splendid results for many years. On the higher mesas a so-called "dry farming" has been practiced for >ears. But conditions on these mesas are little different from the humid regions, the average rainfall being sufficient to mature an>' crop without special methods of cultivation. The variety of crops, however, is limited because of the altitude and consequent brevity of the season. The dry farming lands to which homeseekers are now turning lie chiefly along the railroad in the eastern and northern portion of the county, centering thus far around Carrizozo, Capitan, White Oaks, Nogal, Corona and Oscuro. Lincoln county's present population is a little more than 8,000. At the present rate of inrcease, which is rapid in the towns and villages near the railroad, the census of 1910 will show a population of 10,000. The county's a.ssessed valuation in 1907 was $1,438,281.00. For 1908 it was $2,020,380.00. showing the amazing gain in a single year of $582,099.00. The increase in the 1909 assessment, which is now being returned, will not be so great, but it will be large enough to show the con- tinued prosperity of the county. While social conditions and conveniences are not what they are in the more thickly populated regions of the country, they are in no wise the conditions of the frontier. The people are law-abiding, industrious and prosperous and the immi- gration now coming in is of the very best class, from the central and south- ern states. LINCOLN C^UUNTY 7 There are twent.v-fi\e postoffices in the county, and for every post office there is a school. The county school system is improving with e\'ery .vear and no home- seeker need fear that his children will lack the advantages of a common school education. In some of the towns as in Carrizozo, White Oaks and Capitan the school buildings would be a credit to any community. The school population, according to the census of 1908 is 2,111. Every town of any size has its church organizations and, taken as a whole, the man coming here from east, north or south will find conditions little different from those in the more thinly settled sec- tions of his home state. Lincoln county presents tremendous natural resources, now taking form in diversified industries, any one of which, fully developed, will be sufficient to sup- port a large population. The county affords opportunities for profitable farming in all its classes of orchard, field and garden. Its stock growing industry will always be a wealth producer and the latent resources of its highly mineralized districts can hardl.y be over-estimated. Manufacturing will come with exploitation and development of the county's vast deposits of coal and iron and there are also large resources of timber, building stone and manufacturing clays. Add to these resources a vast area of public land, as large in itself as some of the eastern states, and the region becomes one of undoubted promise. Adequate transportation facilities are provided by the El Paso and South- western railroad system which crosses the county from its southwest corner to a point near the center of the northern boundary. This road connects at Tucumcari in Quay county with the Rock Island-Frisco system, forming one of the principal trans-continental railroads. From Carrizozo, the division headquarters of the Southwestern system, a branch line is operated to Capitan, reaching the southern and southeastern sections of the county. The production of fruit, grain and truck in this county has never yet been sufficient to meet the local demand and the prolMem of a market is therefore in the future. It will never be a difficult one for El Paso and the Arizona mining camps to the south, and Kansas City to the north offer ready markets for every pound of produce, and every hoof and horn that can be grown. A Lincoln County Trout Stream Farming m Lincoln County FARMING in Lincoln county is in two classes: Irrigated and Un-irrigated. The former and older system has been in use along the streams of the fertile moun- tain valleys since the first settlement of New Mexico. Along the Hondo, the Ponito, the Ruidoso. Eagle creek and other smaller stn ams are beautiful alfalfa fields and flourishing orchards, demonstrating what may be accomplished with thrift and energj'. The irrigation systems are primitive, the water being taken from the streams by crude diverting dams into .gra\ity canals or acequias which distribute it through the various farms. The water rights generally go with the land and the canals are maintained upon the community basis, each water user contributing his proportion of labor or its ecjuivalent in money to the clean- ing and repair of the system. It is doubtful if there is an acre of land in the county, which can be irrigated from a surface flow, or stream which Is open to homestead entry. All of this land has long since been talven up and the owners are generally not anxious to sell it, for it is property steadily increasing in value and from wiiich a substantial and certain li\elihood is to be derived. There is an opportunity here, howe\er, for the homeseeker or the investor with small capital. The irrigation systems now in use may be vastly improved and in many cases the acreage may be extended with modern methods of ditch construction. There are also several sites in the county considered feasible for small private irrigation projects and with the tremen Tke Mineral Resources of Lincoln County By John Y. Hewitt.* FROM the northern to the southern boundary of Lincoln county ,a distance of about seventy-five miles, extends a series of mountain ranges or groups, in all of which valuable mineral deposits have been disclosed. In the Gallinas, the more northerly range, lead and copper ores of high grade and in considerable quantities have been developed, but through want of transportation during the earlier history of the district mining has not progressed as rapidly or to the extent which the merits of the ores would seem to warrant. Recently, however, much work has been done in preparing these mines for active operation on an extensive scale. The oldest properties, the Deadwood and Red Cloud claims, long since patented, are owned by Kansas City and Missouri parties and while they have produced some high grade copper and lead ores are not being worked. As in many other cases the owners are engaged in other avocations than mining which absorb their entire attention and these mines, consequently are neglected though capable of producing profitable results if properly worked. The Hoosier group, now owned by the Old Hickory Mining Company, comprising something like twenty claims and also the Buckhorn combination, are now under bonds and leases and will, probably, soon be producing. Ores from the Hoosier group have been subjected to smelter tests producing an average of $22.96 to the ton in copper and lead, while $94.00 was realized from the Buckhorn. JICARILLA MOUNTAINS: Placer mining has been carried on continu- ously in the Jicarilla mountain canyons, though by crude and indifferent appli- ances, during the past thirty years. There are large bodies of pay dirt in these canyons, comprising the Ancho, Rico, Juana and other gulches, but the lack of sufficient water for sluicing on a large scale has reduced the operations to the rocker and methods of like character. -The existence of these placers has led to extensive prospecting for the mother-lode; but, while here and there, quartz car- rying gold has been found, it is not believed that the real source has yet been discovered. It probably remains for some "tenderfoot" to blunder onto the rich mother-lode which experts agree must exist somewhere in these mountains. A few years ago indications of valuable copper deposits were discovered near the southern limits of these mountains, which resulted in the formation of the Fleming-Fox Mining and Smelting Company. This company now has eight claims constituting the "Honey Eee Group." One shaft is 150 feet deep, one 240 feet with 1,100 feet of drifting and an 80-foot incline. The company has installed a first class hoisting plant and has developed a water supply of 1,000 gallons per hour, the well being equipped with a modern pumping plant. At this point tests were made of an ore body 30 feet wide which shewed fifteen per cent copper from samples taken across the entire body, as it occurred in the whole mass. The de- velopment on these properties is going forward gradually with the expectation of even better results as depth is attained. WHITE OAKS: Baxter mountain, one of the smallest of the White Oaks group, has at periods for nearly thirty > tars been the scene of much activity and again, has suffered the periods of depr< s-ii n common to gold camps. From thi.s little mountain has been extracted NEAliLY THREE MILLION DOLLARS IN GOLD BULLION, and this largely from three claims: the OLD ABE, the NORTH HOMESTAKE and the SOUTH HOMESTAKE. The ores are free milling and carry almost exclusively gold. The Old Abe is equipped with a 20-stamp mill and a sixty-ton cyanide plant. The South Homestake 'has also a 20-stamp mill, while from time to time three other mills have been operated here. The Old Abe has a vertical shaft which has reached a depth of 1,4 28 feet and is practically dry. •Mr. Hewitt, a pioneer of Lincoln county, has been closely associated with the development of its mineral resources. His thoroug-h knowledge of conditions makes him an authority. LINCOLN COUNTY 17 The North Homestake has a depth of 1,200 feet and is also free from water and other claims have been explored to depths varying from a prospect hole to 825 feet. The Yellow Jacket group, on the west side of Lone Mountain, about three miles from White Oaks, is upon an immense cropping of iron, carrying copper, and from which several cars of ore have been shipped, the smelter returns show- ing a profit to the shippers. The deepest workings on this group are something like 100 feet. The whole group of flse or six claims shows croppings of the same ores throughout its extent. Many other enterprises in this district have produced very rich ores, but for one reason or another, generally complications in the ownership, have not been developed to the extent their apparent worth would warrant. Among these may be mentioned the Little Mack, Compromise, Rita, Comstock, Hannibal, Home- stake South. In Lone Mountain of this group are large deposits of high grade iron ore, lime and marble in almost inexhaustable quantities and in the opposite dierction from the town of White Oaks in the foothills of Patos and Carrizo occur four foot seams of excellent coal. Tlie presence of this marble, coal and shale which closely accompanies the coal and is readily accessible, warrants the belief that soon they will be utilized for the manufacture of Portland cement, the demand for which is growing so rapidly as to attract the attention of manufacturers to the available deposits of these materials, the combination of which, as in this district, rarely occurs in the Southwest. White Oaks is twelve miles from Carrizozo, its station on the El Paso and Southwestern railroad. It is the northern limit of the Lincoln county coal fields, so far as development has shown. This field extends through the Tiscon group of mountains to the town of Capitan and southerly to the Ruidoso where some seams have been exposed. Iron ores are also fovmd in large quantities in the Jicarillas, the Capitan range and in other localities in the county. VERA CRUZ: The Vera Cruz, a mountain of low grade gold ore, lies ten miles south of White Oaks, in the Tiscon group of mountains. The present owner, the Vera Cruz Mining Companx-, has constructed a fine milling plant, with six Huntington mills and a first class electric powtr plant. It has been found. however, that the ore .--o far treated has been too low in values to leave a profit out of the saving from amalgamation alone and it is thought a cyandie plant will be necessary to place the property on a paying basis. NOGAL: A b o u 1 ten miles further south occurs the Nogal, or Dry Gulch camp, where quite exten- sive mining operations h a v e bee n carried on. These operations have been somewhat spasmodic, but much development has been accomplished and considerable v e r y rich ore has been pro- duced. The oldest claims and around which all others revolve are those ' forming the American Lode, originally located by William J. Gill in 1871. From this property has been mined some of the richest specimens of gold ore the region has produced. It is known that many thousands of dollars worth of this ore has been taken out of the American, but as much of it has been unaccounted for it would be useless to attempt an approximate esti- mate of what the mine has yielded. The property is now idle, owing to litigation. Carrizo Mountain, frum \\ hiic oaks 18 LINCOLN COUNTY In the immediate vicinity of this group lies the "Helen Rae" group, comprising thirty or more claims from which have been extracted ores of much the same character as in the American; and as in the case of the latter, there is no reliable data from which to arrive at the amount of the output. Many other claims in this district have shown more or less of values, but at present none are in active operation. In former years considerable work was done in the placer ground extending from the vicinity of the American and Helen Rae groups down Dry Gulch to the town of Nogal, a distance of about three miles. These placers have shown good values, but like those in the Jicarillas, have not had a sufficient water supply for operation on a large scale. THE CAPITAN DISTRICT: The El Paso and Northeastern railroad was completed to Capitan in 1899 when the coal mines there were first opened up, and for years daily train loads of coal were sent to the smelters and other coal con- sumers of the Southwest. The town was one of the big coal camps of New Mexico. In 1905 the El Paso and Northeastern sold its railroad and holdings to the El Paso and Southwestern system which just at that time had begun "to mine on a large scale in the great coal fields at Dawson, in Colfax county. The company built a large coke plant there and devoted all its energies to the new field. The result The Plant of Jhe South Honu'stako and tlie Old .\be Mine at White Oaks LINCOLN COUNTY 19 has been a temporary closing down of the mines at Capitan. The Southwestern system retains control of the field, however, and will re-open it when the demand for coal increases. On the east side of the Sierra Blanca, or White Mountain range are valuable deposits of gold, silver, lead and copper and extensive development is now under way there. The gold ore is free milling on the surface but the little depth thus far attained indicates that the ore will become refractor>- and that the best means of handling the product will be by smelting, dispensing with the free milling pro- cess which has been used in the past with only limited success. The most important property in the White Mountain section is owned by the Eagle Mining and Improvement Company, which controls a group of about 100 claims in what is known as the Parsons mining district and upon which the com- pany has just completed a cyanide plant to handle tailings. The Eagle properties consist of large bodies of low grade gold ore requiring the handling of immense quantities in ordt r to show a profit, but the deposits are so vast and the means of working so economical that it is confidently believed the property will become one of the most profitable in New Mexico, giving employment to a large force of men and leading to extensive development of adjacent properties of the same character. Generally the mineral resources of Lincoln county have just been scratched. The county offers a most alluring field for the prospector. Lack of trans- portation and lack of capital have delayed development in the past: but these will come, indeed, are now coming and the result is certain to be the opening up of a great mining region. The deposits of iron and coal are practically inex- haustible and building stone, shales and clays of commercial value exist in enor- mous bodies and in such close proximity as to offer every opportunity for economi- cal manufacturing. ^Kllll. Business Conur at Capitaii. Geo. W. Titsworlhs Rtsiclenco. ■a 3 li 33 sC* The rlealth Giving Climate of Lincoln County NEW MEXICO, now bccoiring Known thioughout the nation as "Tho^ Land of Opportunity," has long had world-wide fame as "The Land of Sunshine." Over its whole area the territory has a greater average of sunshine than any other region in the world. Its climate is recognized without any reservation, as nearest to the ideal on the American continent. The scientists and specialists of the world vinite in pronouncing it without rival in the treatment of diseases of the throat and lungs, offering all the desirable conditions for successfully combating pulmonary tuberculosis. New Mexico is the sanitarium of the nation and to its dry, crisp, invigorating air and its all but perpetual sunshine, is turning an ever-growing army of sufferers from tuberculosis who are finding relief, and, when they come in time, a cure. The climate of New Mexico compels superlatives. Its advantages are beyond exaggeration. Often in mid-summer the heat in the lower valleys becomes intense. But there is alwa\s shade and always a breeze and the dry air makes comfortable a temperature which in the humid regions would be unbearable. Here a case of sunstroke or heat prostration is unknown. In almost every section of the territory one may reach the cool of a mountain canyon in an hour's ride. The^ winters, even at the higher elevations, are brief and the cold is never severe. There are thousands of people in New Mexico today, now healthy, prosperous, useful citizens, who, had they remained in the humid regions would have died or become a charge upon their friends. It has been demonstrated beyond all question that the sufferer from tuberculosis, who comes to New Mexico in the early stages of the disease, may be cured. Even in its later stages the climate, with right living and care will do much to arrest the disease and prolong life. And this climate is to be found, not in any particular section, but throughout practically the whole of the territory. ^ " P^ven in this favored region, however, there are sections particularly favored. One of these is Lincoln county; a fact recognized by the United States Government when it established at Fort Stanton the great sanitorium of the Marine hospital ser- vice, for tuberculosis patients. It is a noteworthy fact that the only other hospital of this kind which the Government has established, is also in New Mexico; the arm> sanitorium for tuberculosis patients at Fort Eayard in Grant county. lent Houses, l-'ort fttanloii s>aiutoriujn 22 LINCOLN COUNTY Fort Stanton, one of the earliest of the frontier military posts in New Mexico, was for some years one of the most important stations in the Southwest and from it much of the earlier Indian warfare was directed. It was a supply station, was substantially built with roomy quarters for officers and men and its location in the beautiful valley of the Eonito made it one of the most desirable in the West; cool and free from the dust of the plains in summer and sheltered from the winter storms. When the Marine Ho.spital Service found a tuberculosis hospital necessary, Fort Stanton, which had been abandoned by the War Department, was the unani- mous choice of the experts of the service. No more ideal location could have been found and this sanitorium has become a model for similar institutions, while the results obtained have attracted the attention of scientists and tuberculosis spe- cialists throughout the world. The substantial buildings of the early days have been remodeled to suit their new uses; the less substantial have been replaced by modern buildings, along the most approved lines of modern hospital construction and from the model laundry in which every article of clothing and linen is sterilized to the modern laboratories in which specialists are seeking new means to combat the great white plague, every detail of the equipment is absolutely complete. The Fort Stanton sanitorium was discharging tuberculosis patients — cured, while the great mass of scientists still believed the disea.se incurable. The treat- ment is very simple and extremely sensible. It is enforced by rigid military dis- cipline. The reservation consists of some 20,000 acres, of which much is agricul- tural land, and the hospital farm forms an important part of the treatment, for every patient who has the strength is permitted to do his share of the farm work, the hospital producing much of its own supplies of feed, grain and vegetables, supporting also a herd of blooded cattle as well as horses, sheep and hogs. If the patient is strong enough when received, he is immediately introduced to mild work on the farm. Greatest care is taken to prevent over-exertion and the patient does not go to work until work becomes a pleasure. The treatment may be sum- marized in a very few words: Diet, fresh air and exercise regulated to the patient's strength. The quantity of drugs used is amazingly small. The patients are quar- tered in comfortable barracks, almost equal to living in the open air, so perfect is the ventilation, and in tents which are found very satisfactory. Nourishing diet builds strength and flesh, exercise toughens the muscles and fresh air heals the broken tissues of the lungs. That is the whole of the treatment and its success is a prophecy of the time when the white plague will have been stampd out of America. It is a treatment which may be applied just as thoroughly and as suc- cessfully by the individual sufferer, if he is willing to discipline himself. The ciimate of Fort Stanton is practically the climate of the whole county. To the east and west in the lower altitudes the summers are warmer, but the temperature even there is not high enough to cause suffering and the whole county is generally free from the spring winds which cause discomfort in some sections of the territory. Lincoln county is the heart of the Land of Sunshine. It offers health to the sufferer as well as opportunity to the homeseeker ,and not infrequently there is need that the search for health 1 e corpled with opportunity to earn a livelihood. A Residence, VVliite Oaks S<'ones in Carrizozo, Shov^lng the Railroad Shops and Station ^ o s a «j ^^ 0; C ** *3 02 .58 The lo^\^ns and v illages of L/incoln County CAKItlZOZO A TOWN WITH A FUTURE: Carrizozo, une hundred and forty-four miles north of El Paso on the El Paso and Southwestern railroad, a railroad division point, the shipping station for the jirincipal mining districts of Lin- coln county, surrounded by a rich agricultural district just now beginning its devel- opment, is one of the most promising towns not only in Lincoln county, but in all eastern New Mexico. The town was founded in August, 190B. At that time it boasted of a railroad station and nothing else. Today, Carrizozo has a population of more than 1,500 and is growing rapidly. Already the principal town in the county, it is likely to become one of the princii)al centers of population in the eastern section. A great man^^ favorable conditions have united to make this husky young in- fant. The El Paso and Southwestern railroad has established large shops there and these, with the division offices, bring in a great man>- people It is the ship- ping station for practically all of the mining districts described in the preceding pages on mining, as well as for a considerable portion of the livestock country. The branch line of the El Paso and Southwestern to Capitan leaves the main line at Carrizozo and gives the town close touch with the Capitan district and practi- cally with the whole settled portion of the county. Carrizozo is surrounded by a valley from eight to fifteen miles wid<' and about thirty miles long on which, in 1908, dry farmers raised from 25 to 40 Inishels of corn to the acre without irrigation. This year a large increase in the acreage will be shown. The town- has possibilities as a manufacturing point. A railroad line has been surveyed to the great iron deposits lying to the north and all the other ma- terials for cheap reduction, including coal, are near at hand. A large brick factory at Ancho, twenty miles north, furnishes cheap building material and the character of construction both of Ijusiness houses and residences, is substantial. The town has a splendid si!pi)ly of pure mountain water, brought by a pipe line Residences of Paul Mayer and Iice H. Rudisille and the Public School at White Oaks 26 LINCOLN COUNTY A Herd of Angora Goats. A Growing Industry in liincoln Ck)unty. from the Eonito river, thirty mile.s away. This pipe line is a notable engineering feat, the water being piped across a range of mountains. It was constructed by the Southwestern system to give the railroad a water supply at Carrizozo, the supply from wells there being unsatisfactory for use in boilers and for general domestic use. Carrizozo has a new $10,000 school building, which would be a credit to any community, there are several church organizations which will soon have their own buildings and social conditions are pleasant. All lines of staple business are represented by enterprising merchants and the town has its quota of professional men. There are two well edited weekly newspapers, the News and the Outlook. A strong effort is now fcting made to bring the county seat from the old town of Lincoln to Carrizozo. WHITE OAKS was one of the first settlements in this section of New Mexico and came into prominence first as a gold mining camp, having around it such famous properties as the Old Abe, the North Homestake and the South Homestake. It was for many years, prior to the coming of the railroad, one of the principal distributing points in the county and its largest town. White Oaks is known to every pioneer of New Mexico. It is famous in the history of the territory's mineral development and at least one popular novelist has inade it and its surrounding territory the scene of one of his most entertaining stories. The town, in spite of the fact that it lacks railroad t ommunication is substantially built, with well con- structed business blocks and attractive homes, and boasts a fine school building. Its location is beautiful and the scenery surrounding it magnificent. The town is certain to come into prominence again with the development of the county's min- ing resources. There is a small area of farming land of which only a part is under cultivation. LINCOLN, the county seat, has been described briefly in the preceding pages. It is beautifully located in the valley of the Bonito, overshadowed by towering mountains, and is the center of a prosperous agricultural district. Some fifteen hundred acres are in cultivation in the immediate vicinity, all under irrigation. Some of the finest fruit grown in New Mexico is produced here. CAPITAN is the terminus of the Capitan branch of the El Paso and South- western railroad and is the railroad station for the county seat and for Fort Stanton as well as for the country to the south and cast. Its business houses enjoy a good trade and the town is likely to become an important one when work in the 28 LINCOLN COUNTY coal mines there is resumed. The town has a fine school building and is sur- rounded by some two thousand acres of proven farming land, all of which may be dry farmed and of which some 1.200 acres arc in cultivation. CORONA, within a few miles of the northern line of the county on the El Paso and Southwestern railroad, is an important shipping point for live stock. It is the principal shipping station for the important slieep growing district covering northern Lincoln and southern Guadalupe and Torrance counties. It will become the center of a farming district with development. At present little more than 800 acres are in cultivation of an area subjei-t to dry farming estimated at more than n.OOO acres. NOGAI> is l.tautifully located at the mouth of the Nogal canyon, three miles from Walnut station on the Capitan branch of the Southwestern railroad and wlien the mines of the vicinity are in operation is a busy village. Some seven hun- dred acres of land are in cultivation in the vicinitj' nut of an area subject to culti- vation of from 1,200 to 1,500 acres. OSCURO, near the southwestern corner of the count.v, on the El Paso and Southwestern railroad, is the center of a promising farming district just now being opened up. Like Corona only a very small part of the area which may be dry farmed is under cultivation. There are at a low estimate, 2,,^)00 acres of land in this vicinity which may be reclaimed by dry farming. Other towns and settlements in the county are: Angus, Alto, Ruidoso, Glen- coe, San Patricio, Hondo, Analla, Picacho, Meek, Arabella, Richardson, Ancho, Jicarilla, Fort Stanton, Parsons, Bonito. Summarizing briefly, Lincoln county has a small area under irrigation and subject to irrigation and a very large area under dry farming and subject to dry farming, which combined, will support a large and prosperous population. There is quick tiansportation to markets which will readily consume THE OUTLOOK every pound of fruit, grain, feed and produce the county can grow at its highest stage of development. Of the farming ai't a a large portion is oi)en to t ntry luider the federal land laws and much of the lemainder may be purchased at moderate prices. The county has vast resources of gold, copper, lead, coal, iron, manufacturing cla.vs, marble and building stone. It has a fully developed live stock industry which will always remain an important wealth producer. The county is well and economically governed. It has good schools. Its people are law abiding and prosperous. The climate lends itself not only to successfully carrying cm its \aii( d industi'ies, but makes for health and the fullest enjoyment of life. It is not surprising that under these conditions homeseekers are coming into the county in constantly increasing numbers. In this new land, just beginning its development the rule "first come first served" holds good and the pioneers are getting the more favored locations. For the man who is looking to the southwestern country, Lincoln county will repay careful investigation. The only satisfactory way to make this investigation is to come in person and see what the county has to offer. The time to come is now. This bulletin is issued by direction of the Bureau of Immigration, an official body organized under the laws of New Mexico. Its members are appointed every two years by the Governor and are confirmed by the upper house of the Legisla- ture. The Bureau is charged with the duty of INFORMATION ON REQUEST encouraging desirable immigration, advertising the resources of the territory and promoting its development wherever possible. As now constituted the Board is: Geo. L. Brooks, Albuquerciue, President; John A. Haley, Carrizozo, Treasurer; M. M. Padgett, East Las Vegas, W. Goff Black, Aztec, Howard H. Betts, Silver City, L. K. McGaffey, Roswell. Any member of the Bureau will be glad to answer questions concerning his district, and the Board employs a secretary whose duty it is to give prompt attention to inquiries. Any information desired concerning Lincoln county or any section of New Mexico may be obtained by addressing H. B. Hening, Secretary, Bureau of Immi- gration, Albuquerque, N. M. >s C ^ 3 8 Q. J 's> o S o z c Hi Ml