Class A. i fa 
 Book— L^ 1 .- 
 
 SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT 
 
/Au-A 
 
 A 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION' 
 
 OF THE ll£X 
 
 UNITED STATES, 
 
 WITH THE CONTIGUOUS 
 
 BRITISH AND SPANISH POSSESSIONS, 
 
 INTENDED AS AN ACCOMPANIMENT TO 
 
 MELISH'S 
 
 MAP OF THESE COUNTRIES. 
 
 BY JOHN MELISH. 
 
 
 
 .■<0^^ 
 
 THIRD EDITION. 
 
 .J 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 
 PUBLISHED BT THE AUTHOR. 
 
 
 1818. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 

 DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit: 
 
 BI". IT REMEMBERED, That on the sixteenth day of July, in the 
 forty-first year of the iiuieiH'ndence of the United States of Aintrica, A. D. 
 1816, John Melish, of the said district, hath deposited in tliis ofi'ice the title of 
 a book, the right wliercofhe claims as autlior, in the words foliowing, to wit: 
 
 " A Geographical Description of the United States, with the contiguous Bri- 
 " tish and Spanish Possessions, intended as an accompaniment to Melisli's Map 
 " of these countries. By John Melish." 
 
 In conformity to the Act of tl\e Congress of the United States, entitled, " An 
 Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, 
 and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times 
 therein mentioned." — And also to the Act, entitled, "An Act supplementary 
 to an Act, entitled, ' An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing 
 the copies of maps, charts, and l)ooks, to the authors and proprietor.s of such 
 copies, during the times therein nientioned,'and extending the benefits there- 
 of to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." 
 
 D. CALDWELL, 
 Clerk of the District of Pennsylvania, 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES, 
 
 WITH THE CONTIGUOUS 
 
 BRITISH AND SPANISH POSSESSIONS. 
 
 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 Observations on the first and second Editions, 
 
 The author of this work, having now so far com- 
 pleted his labours in this delightful field of enquiry, 
 as to be able to place before him a finished speci- 
 men of the Map, he sit« down with real pleasure to 
 compose the accompanying Description. 
 
 In the oiiginnl prospectus, drawn up while the 
 suf)ject was yet in embryo, high expectati«)nrs were 
 formed as to the utility and general appearance of 
 the map ; and it ma,v he of importance to introduce 
 an extract, in order that the public may have an 
 opportunity of judging how far these expectations 
 have been realised. 
 
 ^' In the course of his geographical studies, he 
 <* (the author) was frequently le<l to regret, that 
 " there was no map in existence presenting an en- 
 " tire view of the United States territory ; and hav- 
 *^ ing occasioa to consult a great variety of docu- 
 
 B 
 
«' nients in constrncting liis maps relative to the late 
 ^< war, lie formed an opinion that a map of the 
 
 ^'^ UNI rED STATES IN CONNEXION WITH THE BRITISH 
 
 " AND SPAMSH POSSESSIONS, Constructed with spe- 
 " cial reference to the events of the war, would he 
 " a m'eat desideratum in geographical science. 
 
 ^' In pursuance of this opinion, an outline of such 
 " a map was drawn, and he was delighted to find 
 " that the ohjcct could be accomplished on a scale 
 '< sufficiently large for general information, without 
 <<= swelling the subject to an inc(»nvenient size; 
 " while the form and general features of the map 
 " would present a very beautiful picture." 
 
 When this extract was written, it was intended 
 to carry the map no farther west than the ridge di- 
 viding the waters falling into the Gulf of Mexico, 
 from those falling into the Pacific Ocean. A sub- 
 sequent view of the subject pointed out the propriety 
 of addina; the. two western sheets, so as to carry it 
 to the Pacific Ocean. For this part excellent mate 
 rials were procured. Part of this territory untpies- 
 tionably belongs to the United States. To present 
 a picture of it was desirable in every point of view. 
 The map so constructed, shows at a glance the 
 whole extent of the United States territory from sea 
 to sea; and, in tracing the probable expansion of 
 the human race from east to west, the mind tiuds 
 an agreeable resting-place on its western limits. 
 The view is complete, and leaves nothing to be 
 wished for. It also adds to the beauty and sym- 
 metry of the map ; which will, it is c(uifiden<ly be- 
 lieved, be found one of the most useful and orna- 
 mental works ever executed m this country. 
 
Having said this much, the author shall leave his 
 unmeroiis suhscriliers to judge for thenasplvj's; but 
 he cannot do justice to his feelings without stating, 
 that in the execution of the work he has succeeded 
 beyond his most sanguine expectations. T"lie ex- 
 tent of the information acquired, and the excellence 
 of the workmanship devehiped in the topographical 
 representation ; particularly in shading the moun- 
 tains and waters, is indeed a convinring proof of 
 the rapid progress of geographical science, and of 
 the fiue arts in the United States. But it is the 
 view presented in other forms that affords the most 
 pleasing »iensations. The vast extent of the United 
 States territory — the fertility of the soil — the salu- 
 brity of the climate — the magnitude of the rivers 
 and lakes ; and their usefulness as applied to na- 
 vigation and the mechanic arts : — and the view of 
 the whole as being the habitation of men among 
 whom self-government has f(U' the first time had a 
 fair chance of successful experiment. It is this 
 view of the subject that is calculated to lead to the 
 most refined sensations, and to afford at every 
 glance ground for thankfulness to Divine Provi- 
 dence, that here at last mankind have found an 
 Asylum, where all the effVirts of tyrant man to 
 shackle his fellow will be in vain; and where every 
 man may sit under iiis own vine, and under his own 
 fig-tree, and none to make him afraid. 
 
 Having made these general reflections, we shall 
 now submit a more particular view of the subject 
 on the following plan : 
 
 1st. A brief description of the general form and 
 features of the map ; with an account of the mate- 
 rials from which it was constructed. 
 
6 
 
 Silly. A gpneral view of the Unitefl Stales ; with 
 a p-irticular acroniil <»f the boundary lines i>et\veea 
 them and the British and Spanish possessions. 
 
 3dly. A particular view of the United States, 
 geo^rapliically arrani;ed into states and territories ; 
 wi'lj topographical tables of the counties, town- 
 ship«i, and population; and a complete list of the 
 post offices in the several districts. 
 
 4thly. A view of the British possessions to the 
 north and east of the United States. 
 
 5thly. A view of the Spanish internal provinces, 
 and of Fhirida. 
 
 6thly, A view of the West Indies, and of the 
 islands of Bahama and Bermuda. 
 
 Observations on the third Edition. 
 
 It is now about fifteen months since the first 
 edition of this work issued From the press. Two 
 whole editions have been dispo'^ed of, and the de- 
 mand continues unabated. This was naturally to 
 be expected, because it is the only work of the 
 kind that exhibits an entire view of the United 
 States Territory ; and the description is the only 
 work which brings the geographical view of ilie 
 Ui:ited States, down to the present period. In 
 pursuance of the author's general plan, editions of 
 a moderate size, only, are prepared, so as to affoicl 
 frequent opportunities of bringing forward new 
 matter. To illustrate the utility of this plan, it 
 is only necessary to s'ate. that, since the pul»lica- 
 tion of the second edition, a new Table of the J^ost 
 
Offices of the United States has Iieen published 
 b^ direction of the Pos( MastiT General ; of which 
 a(lvantaij;e has been taken for improving the Post 
 Office lists in this editi(»n. JV*ew maps of Tennes- 
 see, of Indiana, and of Georgia, have been i>rought 
 ftirward, from which the view of these slates has 
 been materially improved, both in the map and 
 description. The Mississippi Territory has been 
 divided ; the western portion being formed into a 
 new State by the title of Mississippi^ and the 
 eastern part into a new Territory called Jilahama. 
 This hrts atforded ample matter for the improve- 
 ment of ihe views of that district. Other improve- 
 menis too numerous to mention, have been iniro- 
 duced in other places. It may be added, that by 
 the plan adopted, (he subject is always new The 
 map is printed off 100 at a time, and before a new 
 hundred be printed, the plates are carefully re- 
 vised, and if there be room for corrections or im- 
 provements, these are made accindingly. A new 
 edition of the description will be made annually, 
 and every thing new that occurs in the course of 
 the year, will be inserted in the new edition. By this 
 mode of management the map and description pre- 
 sent A PICTUKE OF THE UmTED STxITES ALWAYS 
 
 NEW, and whoever takes the trouble carefully, to 
 consult them, will, it is confidently believed be 
 amply gratified by alncid and lively view of a coun- 
 try destined to become one of the most interesting 
 in the w orld. 
 
SECTION T. 
 
 ti brief description of the general form and fea- 
 tures of the Map ; with an account of the Mate- 
 rials from which it was constructed. 
 
 The map exteiuls from north latitude 22^ ftO' to 
 53° 10', emhrating 30° 20' of latitude, or 2i0o 
 miles from north to south ; and at the middle part, 
 from the 17th des;ree of lons;itude east, to the 47th 
 decree of longitude west of Wjishin^ton : being 64° 
 of longitude, which is nearly 3ii00 miles. The 
 northern part prest-nts a view of Newfoundland, 
 Cape Breton, Nova Scoti;*, New Brunswick, Isle 
 St. John's or Prince Edward's, Antiscosti, Labra- 
 dor, Lower Canada, Upper Canada, and an exten- 
 sive range of country on the west thereof to the Pa- 
 cific Ocean. Beginning at the north-east corner 
 we see the straits of Belleisle on the north, and the 
 South Entrance on the south of Newfoundland, 
 leading into the spacious Gulf of St. Lawrence ; 
 and pursuing the river of that name to the west- 
 ward, we successively arrive at the great lakes 
 Ontario, Erie, St. Clair, Huron, Michigan and 
 Superior. To the northward we have a view of 
 the southern point of Hudson's bay, aud of lake 
 Winnipeg ; with a great many lakes of less note, 
 and the rivers flowing into them, particularly the 
 Albany River, the Assiuihoiu and its branches, 
 and the Saskashawan. To the westward we per- 
 ceive the continuation of those high mountains, that 
 form the dividing ridge between the waters falling 
 into the eastern aud western oceans ; and part of 
 the noble Coiuuibia River, and Gulf of Georgia. 
 
In the middle of the map we have a view of the 
 United States, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on 
 tiieeast; the great lakes already noticed on the 
 north: the Gulf of Mexico on the south, and the 
 Pacific Ocean on the west. The map was extend- 
 ed southward so as to include p.trtof the Island of 
 Cuba, that it mi2;ht present a view of the connexion 
 by water between the Atlantic coast and the Gulf 
 of Mexico; and to render it more useful, the sup- 
 posed limi'^s of the gulf stream are laid down, and 
 the velocity of the stream in different parts is de- 
 scribed. The chains of mountains that form the 
 dividing ridges between the eastern and western 
 waters, are a pretty prominent feature on the eastern 
 part of the United States; the great Mississippi, 
 with its numerous branches, holds majestic sway 
 in the middle ; and the eye is gratified by the bold 
 features on the western part, where the numerous 
 branches of the Columl)ia's waters interlock with 
 those of the Missouri, among lofty chains of cloud- 
 capped mountains, many of them covered with 
 perpetual snow. 
 
 To the south-west are the Spanish internal pro- 
 vinces, with California, and part of the vice-royalty 
 of Mexico. The Rio Grand del Norte, calculated 
 by nature to form so fine a boundary between this 
 country and the United States, is worthy of parti- 
 lar notice ; as is also the Rio Ccdorado of the west, 
 the Gulf of California, and the supposed course of 
 a large ri^er which falls into the Bay of St. Fran- 
 cisro on the west- 
 
 The peninsula of East Florida, the Bahama IsL 
 ands, and the port ot Havanua, are important in 
 
10 
 
 every point of view, as coniipoted with the United 
 States. The map exten(ls so far east as to present 
 a view of the Bermuda Islands, and that tlie sul>ject 
 may be every way complete, a view of the West 
 Indies, on a reduced scale, is presented on the 
 south-east corner. A statistical table, showing; at a 
 glance the magnitude and population of the several 
 countries exhibited on the map, is placed in the 
 vacant space occupied by the gulf of Mexico ; and 
 a title highly creditable to the artists by whom it 
 was "designed and executed, occupies the other 
 vacant space in the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
 In colourins; the map, attention has been paid to 
 a scientific arrangement. The representation of 
 the United States is the most prominent feature, 
 and the predominant colour selected for it was 
 green. It was neces^iary to use variegated c<dours 
 to give a good representation of the several states 
 and territories ; but no green is used in colouring 
 the British or Spanish possessions. The predo- 
 minant colour for the British possessions is I'ed; 
 and the boundary between them and the United 
 States, is wholly shaded witti that colour. The 
 predominant colour in the Spanish possessions is 
 yellow^ which, in like manner, is wholly used in 
 shading the boundaries between them and the Uni- 
 ted States. 
 
 In the West Indies, the islands are coloured so 
 as to designate their several possessors.— The Bri- 
 tish parts are sliade<l red — the Spanish yelloit — 
 the Haytian sienna — the French green, and the 
 Danes and Swedes blue. 
 
 In constructing ihe map, recourse was had to 
 the following materials : 
 
11 
 
 For the United States. — The various state maps, 
 from actual survey, so far as these surveys have ex- 
 tended ; aulfd by much useful information as to the 
 roads and distances, from Bradley's very excellent 
 general map ; and as to the delineation of the moun- 
 tains, and style of the work, from Arrovvsmith's. 
 Information resjarding the territories was principal- 
 ly procured from the land office at VVasiiington. 
 The Mississippi river and the higher parts of the 
 La Platte, Osage, Arkansas, and lied rivers, with 
 the adjacent countries, are delineated from Pike's 
 travels. It is a tribute of respect, justly due to the 
 memory of that enterprising traveller, and brave 
 officer, to say, that the information furnished by him 
 has been of great value to this map ; and the me- 
 morial of his adventures has accordingly been per- 
 petuated by the delineation of his route upon its 
 surface, not only through Louisiana, but also 
 through the Spanish internal provinces. 
 
 The Missouri river, and its various branches, to- 
 gether with the Columbia and its numerous streams, 
 and the Rocky mountains, are laid down princi- 
 pally from the information communicated to the 
 world by Lewis and Clark, who performed one of 
 the greatest and most important overland journeys 
 ever undertaken by man. The light which their re- 
 searches have shed upon the geographical science 
 of North America, cannot be too highly appreciated. 
 Their routes are also delineated on the map. The 
 name of Lewis is consecrated to everlasting remera- 
 branee among the friends of geographical science ; 
 and Clark has lived to receive the reward of his 
 intrepidity, by the gratitude of his country, in being 
 
IS 
 
 appointed governor of the territory that he so pel*- 
 sevrrin:;ly exjilored. 
 
 Before chjsinji; this part of the subject, it may be 
 proper to notice several important alterations and 
 additions, that were made upon the map while it 
 was in progress, becausn this will have the double 
 effect of showing the great pains that were taken 
 to render the sul»ject complele, and of bringing into 
 view the work** of several very meritorious labour- 
 ers in the vineyard of geogra|)hy. After the plan- 
 work was wholly finished, JVlr. William Darhy, 
 and Mr Lewis Bringier, arrived in Philadelphia, 
 with MS. maps of Louisiana, of great value and 
 imp»)rtance. Mr. Darhy's map embraced the whole 
 of the state of Louisiana, principally from actual 
 survey ; and more accurate materials than had been 
 produced heretofore of the country east of it to 
 Pensacola, and the country west nearly to the Rio 
 Bravo del Norte. Mr. Bringier's map emhraced 
 the whole of that part of the Missouri territory, 
 known by the name of Upper Louisiana, from the 
 northern boundary of the state of Louisiana, to 
 above St. Louis ; and from the Mississippi to the 
 2Sd degree of west longitude. An arrangement 
 was immediately formed with these gentlemen, by 
 which the result of their information was incorpo- 
 rated into this map. The old work was accor- 
 dingly erased from the plates, and the new substi- 
 tuted at great lahour and expense. We may add 
 here, that Darby's map, with a descriptive volume 
 of new and interesting matter, has been published. 
 JBiingier's MS. map is in the hands of the author, 
 and, being a work of great value, particularly as 
 
13 
 
 regards the mduntains and minpralogy of the codq- 
 tey it delineates, it will probably he pui>lished at 
 no distant period. 
 
 A new and accurate MS. map of Georgia, com- 
 piled from the records of actual survey, by Mr, 
 I) .niel Sturgis, and of which Mr. Eleazer Early, 
 of .Savannah, is proprietor, was pi iced in the hands 
 of (he author of fhe map of the United States for 
 publication; and he was authorised to make use of 
 it for correcting this map, which was accordingly 
 done — not only in the Georgia part, but also of 
 thai part of (he Mississippi territory whicii was the 
 theatre of the memorable campaigns of the brave 
 general Jackson and his compatriots, in quelling 
 the flagrant outrages of the Creek nation of Indians. 
 The materials for this part of the subject were 
 principally furnished to Mr. Early by Mr. Warren. 
 
 It would be too tedious to proceed further in 
 detail in giving an historical account of the progress 
 of the other parts of the map. It is sufficient to 
 say, that the author has been most generously sup- 
 plied with information from every quarter ; and he 
 has used every exertion to avail himself of it, so as 
 to produce a view of the country, which he hopes 
 Vi^W be as valuable to his fellow-citizens as it is 
 gratifying to himself. 
 
 A few remarks that suggest themselves as to the 
 scale of the map, will be more appropriate at the 
 close of this article ; and a list of geographical 
 works, at the end of the volume, will convey to 
 the reader the necessary information on that subject. 
 
 The British possessions are delineated from the 
 latest and best materials whichi the author couid 
 
14< 
 
 obtain. Smithes and Fadyon's maps of TJppei 
 Cannda, and Holland's map of Lower Canada, 
 were used as the basis of information in those coun- 
 tries ; and Arrowsmith's general maps, andM'Ken- 
 zie's travels, furnished the remaining part; the 
 whole being corrected, and much improved by va- 
 rious Military MS. maps, and by a very excellent 
 four j^heet map, embracing the whole country to 
 the north and east of Pensylvania and New Jersey, 
 lately published by Laurie and Whittle, in London^ 
 under the title of Cabotia. 
 
 For the Spanish part,*Miin\ho]td^s very excellent 
 map was selected as the basis, use being made of 
 Pike's Travel's, for filling up some of the details. 
 The valuable charts of Vancouver furnished the 
 materials for delineating the Western Coast and 
 California ; and some of the details, particularly 
 about the Bay of St. Francisco, were procured 
 from the voyages and travels of G. H. Von Langs- 
 dorff, lately published. 
 
 The statistical table is the result of an entire 
 new admeasurement of the several countries ex- 
 hibited on the map, compared with all the most 
 approved statistical tables extant. To bring geo- 
 graphical details into a focus, as it were, by a table 
 of this kind, is a work of great labour ; but the 
 utility is self-evident, and it is confidently hoped 
 au<l believed, that this will give satisfaction. 
 
 We may now glance at the scale of the map ; 
 hecause it has been sometimes remarked that it was 
 too small. But let it be observed, that the object 
 of this map was not to give geographical details : 
 but to present an interesting picture of a great 
 
15 
 
 %vhole. The scale selected was sixty miles to au 
 inch, which is sufficiently ample in the construction 
 of a general map. No material information could 
 have been added, unless the scale had been suffi- 
 ciently large to admit the counties. The least that 
 could have been used for that purpose, would have 
 been thirty miles to an inch ; and had tliis been 
 adopted, it would have rendered the mdi\i four times 
 its present size ; an extent which would have quite 
 defeated the end of the publication. It is much 
 easier to delineate a subject of this kind on a large 
 scale than on a small one. The pains that were 
 tal^en to comliine and to arrange the various sub- 
 jects, so as to produce a lively and intelligent pic- 
 ture of the country, was great beyond all descrip- 
 tion ; and after this explanation, and a perusal of 
 the work, it is believed that the public will be per- 
 fectly satisfied on this point. 
 
 In truth it is absolutely impossible to make a 
 general map of such an extended country as this 
 answer a particular purpose. The object of this 
 map was to serve as a subject for general reference, 
 and as a key map to the local maps of the several 
 states and territories from actual survey. It is 
 believed that it will be found well calculated to 
 answer this purpose, because its geographical ac- 
 curacy can be depended upon. The maps of the 
 several states and territories, quoted at the close of 
 this work, will furnish all the details ; and for 
 more general information on i\\Q, thickly settlpd \ihvi 
 of the United States, Bradley's map is worthy of 
 attention. 
 
16 
 
 Besides the maps from actual survey, anil Brad- 
 ley's rna|), another kind of maps will he fonn<l very 
 useful, particularly to travellers. These are sheet 
 maps of the several states and territories; and as 
 they will answer remarkably well as accompani- 
 ments to the present general map. a series oT i.M-m 
 will he brought forward as quickly as good mate- 
 rials caa be collected. 
 
17 
 
 SECTION n. 
 
 J general view of the United States, with a parti- 
 cular account of the boundary lines between 
 them and the British and Spanish possessions. 
 
 A land more fair and happy never sun 
 View'd in his wide career ! A lovely spot 
 For all that life can ask ! salubrious ! mild ! 
 
 Its hills are green ! its woods and prospects fair 1 
 Its meadows fertile ! and, to crown the whole 
 In one delij^htful word — it is our home — 
 
 The seat of liberty and all its sweets. 
 
 The United States is the only portion of the 
 western world that has been consolidated into an 
 independent government; and is the only country 
 on earth where the people enjoy in tlie fullest ex- 
 tent the sovereia;n power : a blessing which is con- 
 solidated by their manners and habits ; and gua- 
 ranteed by an extent of country, which afltirds 
 ^' room for their descendants to the thousandth and 
 thousandth generation." Such was the expression 
 of one of her wisest men before the acquisition of 
 Louisiana. The importance of this acquisition will 
 be self-evident, by glancing the eye to the west- 
 ward over the map, where will be viewed the re- 
 presentation of one of the most elegant countries in 
 the whole world — a country secured to the fjee 
 men of America, by the wisdom and sngacity of 
 her councils ; whom generations yet unborn will 
 bless. 
 
 In constructing this article, it is not the intention 
 of the author to enter into detail, but simply to state 
 a few of the most striking features of the country, 
 
18 
 
 which may be pprnsed with advantage while view- 
 ing the map. The suhject naturally arranges itself 
 in the following order : 
 
 Situation and extent^ boundaries, face of the 
 country, mountains^ rivers and lakes, minerals, 
 soil, produce, climate, settlement and progress, 
 government, laws, and education, to conclude with 
 a general statistical table. 
 
 Situation and extent. The United States is 
 situated between 2i)° TiO' and 49° 37' north lati- 
 tude ; and between 10° east, and 48° 20' west lon- 
 gitude from Washington. The most northern part 
 is bounded by a line running due west from the 
 iioi'th-west corner of the Lake of the Woods, and 
 the southern extremity is the outlet of the Rio del 
 Norte. The eastern extremity is the great Menan 
 Island, on the Coast of Maine, and the western is 
 Cape Flattery, north of Columbia river on the 
 Pacific Ocean. The greatest extent of the country 
 from north to south is 1650 miles, and from east to 
 west 2/00. The area is about 2,379,350 square 
 miles, or 1,522,784,000 acres. The population 
 by the last census was 7,239,903 ; being less than 
 3 to each square mile of territory, and to every in- 
 habitant there is nearly 200 acres of land. What 
 a field is here presented for contemplation ! A 
 square mile of territory is capable of sustaining up- 
 wards of 300 human beings ; but, allowing only 
 100 to the square mile, the United States territory 
 could sustain nearly 240 millions ; and then the 
 population would not be more condensed than it 
 now is in many places along the Atlantic coast. 
 To enable the reader, at a glance, to draw a com- 
 parison between this country and some others, on 
 
19 
 
 this important branch of political economy, the fol- 
 lowing table is subjoined : 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 Inhab. per sqr. 
 mile. 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Inhab. per sqr. 
 mile. 
 
 Connecticut, 
 
 60 
 
 Italy, 
 
 222 
 
 Massachusetts, 
 
 54 
 
 ■ England, 
 
 181 
 
 New York, 
 
 18 
 
 Frjnce, 
 
 174 
 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 16 
 
 Ireland, 
 
 156 
 
 Virginia, 
 
 14 
 
 Spain, 
 
 72 
 
 Louisiana, under 
 
 2 
 
 Scotland, 
 
 63 
 
 Supposing the whole territory of the United 
 States only as thickly settled as Pennsylvania (the 
 medium between New York and V^irgiuia,) it would 
 contain upwards of 38 millions ; with a population 
 equal to Connecticut, it would contain nearly 143 
 millions. Equal to England, it would contain 
 upwards of •430 millions : and equal to Italy, it 
 "Would contain upwards of 528 millions of human 
 beings. 
 
 Supposing the population to increase in the same 
 ratio as it has done for 100 years, the result would 
 be nearly as follows : 
 
 
 Population. 
 
 In 1818 
 
 9,457,473 
 
 1820 
 
 10,098,177 
 
 1830 
 
 13,769,726 
 
 1840 
 
 18,769.567 
 
 1850 
 
 25,582,919 
 
 1860 
 
 34,869,520 
 
 1870 
 
 47,527,165 
 
 1880 
 
 64,779,525 
 
 1890 
 
 88.294 394 
 
 1900 
 
 120,345,394 
 
 1910 
 
 164,030,77,2 
 
 1918 
 
 211,665,486 
 
 D 
 
80 that according to this ratio, the whole coim. 
 try would be equally populous with Pennsylvania, 
 about the year 1868. About the year 1905, it 
 would equal Connecticut; and about the year 1941, 
 it would be equally populous with England. 
 
 Boundaries. The United States is bounded on 
 the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and the British 
 province of New Brunswick. On the North by 
 the British possessions of Lower and Upper Ca- 
 nada, and the large unsettled country to the west- 
 ward of those provinces. On the West by the 
 Pacific Ocean ; on the south-west by the Spanish 
 internal provinces and the Ri- del Norte : and on 
 the south by the Gulf of Mexico and Florida. The 
 boundaries are distinctly marked upon the map^ 
 and have been run according to the best informa- 
 tion which the author could procure ; but as this 
 is a sul)ject which involves a considerable differ- 
 ence of oj)inion, he shall state a few of the reasons 
 for this decision, and leave the public to judge for 
 themselves. 
 
 In the definitive treaty of peace between the 
 United States and Britain, executed at Paris, on 
 the 3d of September, 1783, the northern and east- 
 ern boundaries are descrilied as follows, viz. : 
 ^' From the north-west iin^\e of Nova Scotia ; viz. 
 that anj.le which is formed by a line drawn due 
 north from the source of St. Croix river to the 
 Hit;hlands ; along the said Highlands which di- 
 vide those rivers that empty themselves into the 
 river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the 
 Atlantic Ocean, to the north-westernmost head of 
 Connecticut river ; thence down along the middle 
 
of that river to the 45th (le2;ree of north latitude j 
 from thence by a line due west on said latitude, 
 until it strikes the river Iroquois or Calaraquy : 
 thence along the middle of said river into Lake 
 Ontario, through the middle of said lake until it 
 strikes the communication by water betwrcn that 
 lake and Lake Erie; thence along the middle of 
 said communication into Lake Erie, through the 
 middle of said lake until it arrives at tiie water 
 communication between that lake and Lake Huron; 
 thence along the middle of said water commnnica- 
 tion into Lake Huron ; thence through the middle 
 of said lake to the water communication between 
 that lake and Lake Superior; thence through Lake 
 Superior northward of the Isles Royal and Phili- 
 peaux, to the Long Lake ; thence through the mid- 
 dle of said Long Lake and the water communica- 
 tion between it and the Lake of the Woods, to the 
 said Lake of the Woods ; thence through the said 
 lake to the most north- western point thereof, and 
 from thence on a due west course to the river Mis- 
 sissippi. East by a line to be drawn along the 
 middle of the river St. Croix, from its mouth in the 
 Bay of Fundy to its source, and from its source 
 directly north to the aforesaid Highland* w hich 
 divide the rivers that fall int(» the Atlantic Ocean 
 from those which fall into the river St. Lawrence; 
 comprehending all islands within twenty leagues 
 of any part of the shores of the United States, and 
 lying between lines to be drawn due east from tlie 
 points where the aforesaid boundaries between Nova 
 Scotia on the one part, and East Florida on the 
 other, shall respectively touch the Jiay of Fundy 
 
and the Atlantic Ocean ; excepting such islands as 
 now are, or heretofore have been, within the limits 
 of the said province of Nova Scotia." 
 
 S«» far then as the nortli-west corner of the Lake 
 of the Woods, there ran be but one opijiion on the 
 subject of the norihern boundary. The boundary 
 as exhibited on the map, is expressly in the terms 
 of the treaty. When the line comes to be accu- 
 rately run by the commissioners, there may be 
 some deviations from the view here given, but the 
 principle will remain unchans;ed. 
 
 As to the country west of the Lake of the Woods, 
 it is evident that the commissioners were of opinion, 
 that it should be part of the territory of the United 
 States, as high as a line to be run due west from 
 the north-west corner of that lake until it reached 
 as far west as the Mississippi : which was at that 
 period the western boundary of the Unile<l Stales. 
 Subsequent events have annexed the w hole of Loui- 
 siana to the country, so that the norihern boundary 
 of it behoves to be ascertained, as it was possessed, 
 by France ; but the country never having been set- 
 tled, the boundary has not been accurately defined. 
 The best course as regards this map, has appear- 
 ed t(» be to run the boundary line due west from the 
 no7'th-west corner of the Lake of the Woods to the 
 Gulf of Georgia, and thence along that gulf, and 
 the Straits of Juan de Fuco, to the Pacific Ocean. 
 In colouring the map, however, we have deviated 
 a liitli' from that line. From the view of the head 
 waters of the Missouri, as exhibited on the map, 
 which is the result of all the information we have 
 been able to procure, it appears that they extend 
 
S3 
 
 beyond this line, and so does the head waters of 
 Clark's River. It is jiresumed, hy some, that both 
 oui^htto belong to the United Slates, and the map 
 is coloured accordingly, tbal both views of the sub- 
 ject may be seen. 
 
 In re;i;ard to the boundary between the United 
 States and Spain, we have procured very excellent 
 data, whereby to delineate it on the map. From the 
 various documents that have been consulted, there 
 appears to he no doubt, that the French were the 
 first actual settlers in Louisiana. It is, however, 
 foreign to our purpose, to give a history of the set- 
 tlement of that country : we shall, therefore, select 
 those circumstances that determined its limits as a 
 French colony. 
 
 In the year 1684. La Salle sailed from France, 
 with a small squadron, for the purpose of estab- 
 lishing a colony on the Mississippi ; but missing 
 the mouth of that river, he reached the bay of St. 
 Louis, called by the Spaniards, and marked on the 
 map, the Bay of St. Joseph. Here three of his 
 vessels were cast away. The greatest part of the 
 men an<l goods were saved : but he himself was 
 taken ill. LTpoii his recovery, he took regular pos- 
 session of the country, formed a settlement, and 
 built a fwrt. which is now known by the name of 
 Fort Matagarda. At this time there were no other 
 settlements in that part of the country, so that the 
 right of France became unquestionable ; and all the 
 subsequent settlements of Spain to the East of the 
 Rio del Norte, were reganled as usurpations. So 
 much for the western limits. On the east side, in 
 the year 1699, the French, under M. de Bienville, 
 
S4^ 
 
 landed on the shore of the Biloxi Bay, opposite to 
 the pas!^ between Cat and Ship islands, and form- 
 ed an estahlishment in that part of Louisiana ; and 
 by an order from his government, he removed to 
 Dauphin Island, at the outlet of Mobile Bay. 
 Pen»<acola was then in the possession of the Spa- 
 niards, and the Perdido river being the only en-^ 
 trance from the Gulf of Mexico, between Mobile 
 and Pi'usacola bays, it beeame the line of separa- 
 tion between the French colony of Louisiana, and 
 the Spanish colony of Florida. 
 
 The French title, thus established, was recog- 
 nised throughout Europe, and maps and descrip- 
 tions of the country, so bounded, formed a part of 
 the systems of geography and atlases of that day. 
 
 In the year 17^1, a very elaborate geographical 
 work was published in London, entitled "A New 
 General Atlas, containing a geographical and his- 
 torical account of all the empires, kingdoms, and 
 other dominions of the world ; with the maps laid 
 down according to the observations communicated 
 to the Engli><h Royal Society, and the French 
 Royal Academy of Sciences." In this atlas, 
 there is a map, entitled, '* A Map of Louisiana and 
 the river Mississippi." inscribed to William Law, 
 of Lawreston Esq. This map furnishes evidence 
 as to the western limits of Louisiana of the highest 
 authority, and fixes the boundary line on the west 
 side of the Rio del Norte, to the Rio Solado, an- 
 swering to the Rio Puerco on the modern maps. It 
 is continued along that river to near its source. 
 From thence it passes to the east of Santa Fe, to 
 between the 37th and 38lh degrees of N. latitude, 
 
25 
 
 where it crosses the Rio del Norte, and is so conti- 
 nued to the margin of the map, which is about half 
 a degree west of that river. 
 
 Upon these data, the western boundary of Loui- 
 siana is constructed. It takes the. Rio del Norte 
 to the river Piierco, then along that river to the 
 chain of mountains which forms the dividing ridge 
 between it and the Rio Colorado; then along that 
 ridi^e to beyond Santa Fe, where it bends towards 
 the Rio del Norte near the latitude of 38° N. ; 
 then along the Rio del Norte to its source, where 
 a note is inserted, expressing that the limits of Lou- 
 isiana on that quarter are undefined. 
 
 Towards the Pacific Ocean, we have no very 
 correct data for forming an opinion as to the boun- 
 dari(^s. The following view of the subject is the 
 result of the best information that has been ob- 
 tained. 
 
 The Missouri and its waters are unquestionably 
 part of the United States territory, in virtue of the 
 purchase of Louisiana ; and it is presumed, that 
 the title is equally unquestionahle as to the Ce- 
 lumbia and its waters, to a line drawn due west 
 fnmi the N. W. corner of the Lake of the Woods. 
 This includes the Multnomah on the south, but 
 leaves the question undetermined in the unexplored 
 country between that river and the bay of St. Fran- 
 cisco. From the latest accounts, it appears that 
 the Spaniards have no settlements above that bay, 
 and prohahly will have none, so that the country 
 mny be considered virtually a part of the United 
 States territory, provided they should consider it 
 of importance to take possession and settle it. 
 
S6 
 
 A settlement on the west coast would unques- 
 tionably be a matter of vast importance to the 
 United States ; and that question being intimately 
 connected with the boundaries in this quarter, it is 
 consideredamatter of some consequence to introduce 
 a view of the most recent information regarding that 
 country, procured in an authentic form, from Langs- 
 dorff's voyages and travels already referred to. 
 
 It is well known, that the Spanish government 
 is extremely jealous of its foreign possessions, in 
 conseqiience of which, it was under peculiar cir- 
 cumstances that the Russian vessel was admitted. 
 They had the good fortune, however, not only to 
 be admitted into the harbour of St. Francisco, but 
 to obtain a great deal of very minute and interest- 
 ing information, the result of which will be best 
 communicated by a few extracts. The entrance 
 into the harbour is thus described by Mr. Langs- 
 dorff : '^ We now steered directly tov/ards the har- 
 *' bour, and had the pleasure of finding Vancou- 
 " ver's charts and views so accurate, that they left 
 ^^ nothing to be wished for." They anchored a- 
 breast of the fort, and afterwards discovered ano- 
 ther fort, of which they give the following account : 
 " A fort, concealed by a point of land, so as not to 
 ^'be visible from the anchoring place, an enemy's 
 " ship attempting to run into the harbour, deeming 
 " itself quite safe, by steering (»ut of the reach of 
 •^^ the fort at the entrance, might be very much sur- 
 ^*^ prised, by being saluted with a discharge of artil- 
 " lery at the moment when least expected. On the 
 "contrary, a vessel keeping to (he northern shore, 
 " and north-east part of this spacious bay, is secure 
 
S7 
 
 ^^ from all danger." He again remarks on this point 
 " — *• In the neighhourhood, and north of the island 
 "of Los Angeles, and Ponta de St. Antonio, anene- 
 " my's ship may he perfectly secure against all at- 
 ^' tacks from the Spaniards. Directly east of the 
 '^ St. Joseph, about seven leagues, is an arm ol a 
 " great river, which first wind« Jowanis the north, 
 '* and then taking a westerly direction, empties 
 *^ itself into the iiorfh-east part of the hay of St. 
 " Francisco. To the north and norfh-east, another 
 " broad bay extends for several miles, over which 
 " are scattered a number of islands. Into thi*. How 
 '^ four or five large rivers, that come from the east. 
 '* They are probably several mouths belonging to 
 " one large river. The Spaniards have many 
 " times followed the southern, or l<-fi bank of this 
 '< river, on horseback, hut. for want of boats, have 
 <* never been able to examine the 7'jght bank. Be- 
 '* tween 80 and 90 leagues inland, the stream has 
 *^ from -t to 5 fathoms water, an<I is so broad that 
 *' a ball from a musket would scarcely reach the 
 '* opposite shore." " From want of vessels and 
 " boats in the harbour, the Spaniards are se|?a?'a^e(^ 
 *^ entirely from the opposite shore of the bay, dis- 
 *^ tint an lialian mile, (nearly 1^ English.) This 
 " precludes their having any intercourse with the 
 <"* more northerly tribes of Indians." 
 
 From hence it appears that the Spaniards have 
 no intention to extend their settlements beyond the 
 bay and river St. Francisco, and the whole coun- 
 try between that -nd the outlet of Columbia, pro- 
 bably lies open to the enterprise of the citizen«< of 
 of the United States. The river St, Francisco 
 
 E 
 
38 
 
 pFesents itself as a convenient houndary between 
 the United States and S|ianish settlements, and it 
 will probably afford a fine passage from the interior 
 of the country to the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 The face of the country in the United States, 
 presents every variety. The north-eastern part on 
 the coast is broken and hilly; and is remarkably 
 indented with numerons bays and inlets. Towards 
 the south and along the Gulf of Mexico, the land 
 is level and sandy, interspersed with many swamps, 
 and numerous islan<ls and inlets. At the outlets 
 of many of the rivers, tl»ere is a large portion of 
 alluvial land, which is particularly the case along 
 the Mississippi. Beyond the head of tide waters, 
 the;*e is a tolerably rich and agreeably uneven 
 country, which extends to the mountains. The 
 mountainous district, on the Atlantic side of the 
 country, is jibout l;iO miles in breatjth, and 1200 
 miles in length ; extending in large ridges from 
 north-east to south-west. These ridges are gene- 
 rally known by the name of the Allegany Moun- 
 tains, and are of various elevationss, from :3000 to 
 4000 feet. The highest point seems to be the 
 White Hills in New Hampshire, which rises to the 
 elevation of nearly yOOO feet. Beyond the moun- 
 tains we have a view of the great valley of the Mis- 
 sissippi and its tributary streams, presenting a body 
 of the finest land in the world, and possessing great 
 natural advantages. To the westward of this val- 
 ley are the inountains of Louisiana, presenting fea- 
 tures singularly hold and grand. The Rocky 
 mountains, in particular, are very majestic; and 
 the vast variety produced by the great mass of wa- 
 
S9 
 
 ters forming the tributary streams of the Missouri 
 aud Columbia, must rendt-r the scenery in that re- 
 gion singularly interesting. Beyond these the prin- 
 cipal feature is the great confluence of waters at 
 the outlet of the Columbia river, and the bold shores 
 of the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 R»VEKS AND Lakes. The greater number of 
 the rivers will be noticed in the statistical view of 
 the several states and territories, to which they re- 
 specfivelj belong ; but it will be more appropriate 
 in this place to treat of the larger waters : because 
 some of them form the boundaries between the 
 United States and other countries ; and all of them 
 are most important features to be noticed in describ- 
 ing the face of the country. The rivers to be no- 
 ticed here are the St. Lawrence and its waters; 
 the Columbia and its waters ; the St. Francisco ; 
 the Rio del JSTorte ; and the Missouri and Missis- 
 sippi, and waters flowing into them. 
 
 River St. Lawrence. The head waters of this 
 grand river are situated round Lake Superior, as 
 exhibited on the map, and that mtble expanse of 
 water forms a great inland sea, 350 miles long and 
 130 broad ; being probaidy the greatest body of 
 fresh water on the globe. It is navigable through- 
 out its whole extent, and the water being uncom- 
 monly pure, it will be an object of great importance, 
 when that part of the country is settled. 
 
 From this lake the water issues into Lake Huron 
 througli the straits of St. Mary. Lake Huron is, 
 next to Lake Superior, the largest lake on the con- 
 tinent, being 200 miles long by about 100 broad; 
 but it is very irregular. Like Lake Superior, it 
 
m 
 
 has purp water and 2;no<l navigatiou ; and is iniev- 
 speisrd with many islands. To the west of this 
 we enter thr«)na;h the straits of Michillimackinack 
 into Lake Michiji;an, also a great expanse of water 
 330 miles lon^ and 00 hroad. This lake is wholly 
 in the United States, and having a fine navigation, 
 will become an object of the greatest importance. 
 It m;»,y be remarked in this place, that the soniherii 
 extremity of this lake has not been correctly as- 
 certained, although it is of great importance that it 
 should be so, because the northern boundary of the 
 state of Ohio is to be iletermined by a line to be 
 drawn from this point to Lake Erie. The view on 
 the map. being the result of all the knowledge ex- 
 tant upon the subject, is probably not far from the 
 truth. The act of congress for erecting the Indiana 
 Territory into a state, extends the northern bound- 
 ary upon the lake 10 miles, so as to give the inha- 
 bitants a port of entry. — Fort Chicago is situated on 
 the south-west side of the lake, and the interesting 
 fort of Michillimackinack is in the straits of that 
 name, between this lake and Lake Huron. 
 
 Returning to Lake Huron, we see the river is. 
 suing from it, by the straits of that name, about 40 
 miles long, when it again expands itself into a pretty 
 lake called Lake St. Clair. This sheet of water is 
 about <25 miles long and 20 broad, and receives from 
 the Canada side the river Thames. 
 
 The river issues from this lake into Lake Erie 
 through the straits of Detroit ; a very important 
 and beautiful passage of about 30 miles long, which 
 ^ill lierome the seat of great settlements. Detroit 
 is elegantly situated on the west bank, about 6 
 
31 
 
 miles below Lake St. Clair; and Maiden, or Am=^ 
 h«'r-tberg, is situated a little above its entraace into 
 Lake Erie. 
 
 Lake Erie is a beautiful sheet of water, about 
 240 miles iong and 60 broad. The water is pure, 
 and not very deep, but the lake is navigable for 
 large vessels. It receives the waters of many ri- 
 vers, the most important of which is the Miami of 
 the lakes, at the west end ; near the outlet of which 
 are a great number of islands, some of them of con- 
 siderahle extent and importance. 
 
 At the east end of this lake, beautifully situated, 
 stands Buffalo, on the one side, and Fort Erie on 
 the other; and between them the water issues from 
 tlie lake as clear as crystal, and by a rapid course 
 runs towards lake Ontario, tlirou,:;h the passage 
 called the Niagara river. About five miles helow 
 lake Erie, the stream is divided hy a very interest- 
 ing island, called Grand Island, helow which is 
 Navy Island, where the river expands to a consi- 
 derahle brea<l(h, immediately above the falls of 
 Niagara. This is probably the greatest cata- 
 ract in the world, and well worth the attention of 
 the curious. Below the falls, the river runs with 
 a very rapid course for nine miles, thr«MJgh a deep 
 chasm. The land on each side falls to a little 
 above the level of the river at Queenstown and 
 Leuisiowu. From this point it is navigable to 
 lake Ontario, distant 7 miles. 
 
 Lake Ontario is about 180 miles long and 40 
 br.tad, and receives a considerable number of 
 streams ; the chief of which are the Genessee river. 
 
Senpca river, and Black river, on the side of the 
 United Slates; and the river Trent from Canadji. 
 
 The river issues from lake Ontario through a 
 great nuraher of islands, situated between Kin,2;stoa 
 and Sackett's Harbour. It now assumes the name 
 of St. Lawrence, though it is fjeqiientl^v known, 
 from the lake to M«mtreal, by the name of Cada- 
 raqui. In its progress it expands into a conside- 
 rable lake called St. Francis, and reaches Uie im- 
 portant British settlemnnt of Montreal, where it 
 receives the Utawas, or Grand river, which forms 
 the bonndary between the two Canadas. — Below 
 ]V1ontreal, it receives the Richelieu, or Sorel river, 
 fnmi lake Champlain, and successively the St. 
 Francis, St. Maurice, and Chaudiere. A short 
 distance below the last mentioned river stands the 
 important city of Quebec, below which the river is 
 divided into two branches, by the island of Orleans. 
 Beyond this island it 2;radually expands into the 
 spacious bay and gulf of St. Lawrence, from 
 whence there is a communication to the ocean by 
 the straits of Belleisle, and what is called the 
 South Entrance. 
 
 Columbia River is supposed to take its rise about 
 300 miles to the north-east of where it first makes 
 its appearance on the map, where it interlocks with 
 the head waters of the Unjigah, or Peace river. 
 M'Kenzie, the enterprising British traveller, first 
 discoverd it in north latitude 54° 40' — west longi- 
 tude from London 120° 2d', fnnn which point he 
 descended it about 130 miles, when, leaving it. he 
 crossed over to the ocean, by the route describ- 
 
33 
 
 ed on the map. From the point where M'Kenzie 
 left it, the course is unknown, ontil we appr«)aeh 
 Clark's river, where it is a stream of great magni- 
 tude. The whole of the interesting waters forming 
 Clark's river can be distinctly traced on the map; 
 and they are a powerful auxiliary to the Columbia. 
 Al»out 70 miles below Clark's river, after reeeivaig 
 some tributary streams, the Columbia forms a junc- 
 tion with Levvis's river, a stream composed of nu- 
 mercjus branches, rising in the Rocky mountains, 
 where, like Clark's river, they interlock with the 
 head waters of the Missouri. Below Lewis's river, 
 the Columbia makes a bend to the south and east, 
 and then passes through the mountains ; and about 
 300 miles below are the great falls. About 20 
 miles below the falls, the river makes a consider- 
 able bend, and passes through another chain of 
 mountains ; below which, about (50 miles, it receives 
 from the south east the large and important river 
 called the Multnomah. 
 
 The Multnomah is supposed to rise near the 
 head waters of the Rio del Norte, and is laid down 
 on the map according to the best information we 
 have been able to |)ro(*ure. Viewing it in its con- 
 nexion with the head waters of the Missouri, the 
 La Platte, the Arkansas, and the Rio del Norte, 
 it deserves particular notice, as it will probably 
 be, at no very distant periiid, the route of an over- 
 land communication, through the interior of Loui- 
 siana, to the settlements at the mouth of Columbia 
 river. 
 
 From the Multnomah to the ocean is about 90 
 miles, and it is tide water all the way : the land be- 
 
34< 
 
 ing Kood, with many spttlempnts of Indians. The 
 wat^r* of the Columbia are clear, and ahound with 
 fisli of every variety. 
 
 St. Francisco Bay and River, was noticed in 
 discussing the article of the boundar> lines, page 
 26 ; J'Ut it may be mentioned in this place, that 
 when this part of the map was constructed, the sup- 
 position that there was a large river flowing to the 
 westN\ard, through the interior of the coutitrjy into the 
 bay of St. Franciseo, arose from inference only, 
 liangsdorft'^s account of it already quoted proves in- 
 contestibly the existence of such a river, and that it is 
 a very large stream 270 miles in the interior of the 
 country. There is little doubt, therefore, but that 
 the Rio Buenaventura, and its waters, which 
 interlock with the waters of the Rio del Norte, 
 and La Platte, form a part of it. Should this be 
 the case, it may, in process of time, form an ad- 
 mirable communication with the settlements on the 
 west coast of America. 
 
 Rio del JSTorte. This river rises among the moun- 
 tains between north latitude 41° and 42°, and v^est 
 longitude 33° and 34°. Its head waters interlock 
 with thoseof the Missouri, Columbia, La Platte, Ar- 
 kansas, \lultnomah, and Francisco ; and the waters 
 of the Rio Colorado of the west, which falls into 
 the gulf of California, a|)proach near it. After- 
 tracing it in its progress about 300 miles, we reach 
 that point where Pike and his party first encamped 
 on it, and for all this distance it is presumed to be 
 the south-west boundary of Louisiana. About 100 
 miles below this is Santa Fe, one of the most inter- 
 esting of the Spanish settlements. Below Santa 
 
35 
 
 Fe the river runs about 450 miles in a direction 
 east of south, without receiving any material aug- 
 mentation, when the Rio Conciios falls inlo it from 
 the south-west. Below this it makes a remarkahle 
 bend of aiiout 100 miles, and receives the Rio Pu- 
 erco from the north. It may be remarked here, 
 that all the Louisiana rivers south of the La Platte^ 
 m?»ke a bend somewhat similar to the one just no- 
 tieed in th s river; a circumstance owing no doubt 
 to the configuration of the surfaee of the earth in this 
 quarter. At the river Puereo, the Rio clel Norte 
 again becnme«thesouth west boundary of Louisiana. 
 Below this it runs an east course of between 50 aud 
 60 miles, when it receives a considerable stream 
 from the north, which is not named on the maps; 
 and from hence, without receiving any material aug- 
 mentation, it holds a course nearly south-east, about 
 400 miles, to the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Having discussed the rivers forming the out-skirts, 
 as it were, of the United Slates territory, we shall 
 now lake a view of the Missouri and Mississippi, 
 with their numerous branches which water the in- 
 terior. 
 
 On tracing the Missouri to its highest source, 
 we find it on Jefferson's river, a little above the 
 44th degree of latitude, and near the 35th degree of 
 west longitude, where Lewis and Clark's canoes 
 stopped, 31500 miles from the Mississippi. Tracing 
 the river downward from this point, we successively 
 arrive at Philanthropy river. Wisdom river, Philo- 
 Sophy river, Madison's river, Gallatin's river, Ord- 
 way river, Dearborn's river, and Smith's river, and 
 then reach the falls of the Missouri. Here the river, 
 
 F 
 
36 
 
 Tails 110 less than 365 feet in the course of 18 mileS;, 
 the falls being partly perpeudiriilar pitches, and part- 
 ly rapids. The highest pitch is 87 feet, the next47j 
 aud the next 26. Leaving the falls, we arrive at 
 Portage river, Snow river, Maria's river, Stone- 
 Wull creek, Slaughter river, Big Horn river, Ju- 
 dith river. Turtle creek, Windsor creek, North 
 Mountain creek, and passing others of less note, 
 Braltou's creek, Milk creek, Porcupine creek, 
 and Martha's creek, and then arrive at the Yel- 
 low Stone river, flowing in from the south-west. 
 — The Yellow Stone is a very large river, tliQ 
 main branch of which rises in Lake Eustus, and 
 after receiving numerous tributary streams, the Big 
 Horn, a river nearly equal to it in size, which rises 
 in Lake Riddle, falls in from the southward ; and 
 the streams thus united, and further augmented by 
 others of considerable importance, particularly the 
 Tons^ue river, form a confluence with the Missouri, 
 as before describe<l, in north latitude 48"", west 
 longitude S7°. A little beyond this, the Missouri 
 reaches its northern extremity, which is in north 
 latitude 48° 22', where it receives the White-E:*rth 
 river; [)assing which we arrive at the remarkable 
 spot where the head waters of the Moose river ap. 
 pr(»ach within one mile of the main stream of the 
 Missouri. Below this the river is augmented by the 
 Little Missotiri, and after passing the Knife river, 
 we arrive at fm*t Mandan, and the wintering place 
 of Lewis and Clark in 1804 and 1805. Between 
 43° and 44°, we perceive the great bend in the 
 river, a most singular curiosity. Below it. the river 
 receives a number of pretty I rge streams, hefure 
 we reach the La Platte, a little above north latitude 
 
37 
 
 41°. The La Platte is a very large stream, whirli 
 extends through several ridges of the Rocky niitun- 
 tains, having its head waters higlier than either 
 the Arkansas or Rio del Norte; and has hceii re- 
 cently rendered meniorahle as being the rtuite 
 through which Mr. Stewart and the Astoria settlers 
 reached the Missouri, after being driven from their 
 settlement at the mouth of the Columbia river, by 
 the savages of the Wakash nation. 
 
 Passing the La Platte, the river receives a num- 
 ber of tributary streams before it reaches the Kan- 
 ses, a large river, which falls in from the west, a 
 little above the 89th degree of north latitude. 
 Below this it receives some pretty important streams 
 from the north, when we reach the settlement of the 
 Celebrated Daniel Boone, Esq. so well known for 
 his courage and enterprise in penetrating into the 
 western parts of the continent. Below this the 
 beautiful Osage river falls in from the south-west. 
 It was this river that Pike and his party ascended 
 to the Osage village, and thence continued his ad- 
 venturous journey through Louisiana and the Spa- 
 nish internal provinces. Below this river, about 
 120 miles, the Missouri forms a junction with the 
 Mississippi, above St. Louis ; from whence the 
 united streams flow with majestic rapidity to the 
 ocean. Before following it thithec, we will now 
 take a view of the jMis^^issippi. 
 
 This river rises in Turtle Lake, north latitude 
 4^7° 47' and after receivinsj; a nunilier of tributary 
 streams, reaches the falls of St. Anthony in north 
 latitude 44°. These falls are 16 feet perpendicular, 
 with a rapid below of 58 feet. Immediately below 
 the falls, Sto Peter's river forms a junction with 
 
tlie Mississippi from the west, and a little below 
 St. Croix river falls in from the east. About 19 
 miles below this, the river spreads out into a 
 beautiful sheet of water called Lnke Pepin ; at the 
 lower end of which it receives the waters of the 
 Chippeway river. 
 
 About 90 miles below the Chippeway river, the 
 Ouisconsin falls in from the eastward. This river is 
 remarkable, as it approaches within one mile and 
 three qu rterw of the Fox river, which falls into 
 Lake Michi^san. At the mouth of the Ouisconsin 
 river, is Prairie du Chien, where the United States 
 have lately formed a military establishment, which 
 will no douht be of great importance to the settle- 
 ments of this part of the country. 
 
 After pa»*sing the Ouisconsin river, the Missis- 
 sippi n»akes a consirlerable bend to the eastward, 
 at the extremity of which it meets the northern 
 bounrlary of ihe Illinois territory, and then rece- 
 dins; westward about 30 miles, receives the waters 
 of Stony river. Al>out 80 or 90 miles below this, 
 the Riviere cles Moines falls in from the westward ; 
 theie is no other river of great note till we reach 
 the Illinois, which falls in from the eastward a 
 little above the junction of the Mississippi with the 
 Missouri. 
 
 The Illinois is a large river, of which the head 
 waters interlock so closely with those falling into 
 liake Michigan, that it is said canoes have some, 
 times, in the »vet season, passed from the one to the 
 other. It forms a most important feature in the 
 territory to which it gives name; and, at no distant 
 period, there will be extensive and elegant settle, 
 meats on its banks. 
 
39 
 
 Leaving the Illinois, we descend about IS miles, 
 and arrive at the confluence of the Missis^sippi and. 
 Missouri, where we shall stop to take a view of the 
 very important situation around it; previous to 
 which we ir.aj just glance at the relative importance 
 of these great rivers. 
 
 It was a piece of great geographical injustice 
 to place the Mississippi before the Missouri, in 
 point of importance ; but the case is not singular. 
 
 When we view the two rivers on the map, we 
 see at a glance, that the Missouri is the main 
 STREAM, and that the Mississippi is only a tributary 
 branch, equalled in importance hy some, and sur- 
 passed by others, flowing into it. 
 
 To illustrate this more completely, we may intro- 
 duce a view of the measurement of some of these 
 rivrrs. As it is only a comparative view, it is 
 given without regard to their bends. 
 
 Length of the 
 
 Missouri, 
 
 
 
 lero Miles. 
 
 — 
 
 Arkansas, 
 
 
 
 1100 
 
 — 
 
 Red River, 
 
 
 
 1000 
 
 — 
 
 La Piatte, 
 
 
 
 760 
 
 — 
 
 Mississippi, 
 
 
 
 730 
 
 — 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 
 
 700 
 
 — 
 
 Kanses, 
 
 
 
 610 
 
 — 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 
 
 550 
 
 — 
 
 Yellow-stone, 
 
 
 
 500 
 
 — 
 
 White River, 
 
 
 
 400 
 
 — 
 
 Wachitta, 
 
 
 
 400 
 
 — 
 
 •Osa^e River, 
 
 
 
 360 
 
 — 
 
 Cumberland, 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 So that the Missouri, in point of mere length, is 
 douMe the size of the Mississippi, and receives, he. 
 fore the junction with that river, the waters of a great 
 
m»ny tributary sf reams, one of whidi, tlie La Platte, 
 is Jtctually loiuijer than the Missi'-sippi. The Ark- 
 ansjts and Red rivers are both much longer than 
 the Mi«»sissippi ; and the Ohio, making aHowance 
 for its great bends, is also longer: and, <aken in 
 connexion with the Cumberland and Tennessee, is 
 a river of much greater importance. What then 
 must be the aggregate effect of the whole of these 
 "Waters? It is mighty beyond conception to those 
 who have not beheld it. 
 
 From what has been remarked, on these rivers, 
 taken in connexion with other circumstances, we 
 m«y dr?iw an inference as to the great importance 
 of St. Louis, and the adjacent country. When 
 we view the central siuation ; the great confluence 
 of the waters ; the extent of the prairies ; the salu- 
 brity of the climate; and the advantages that will 
 result from the mines in its neighbdurhood ; the 
 mind instinctively looks forward to this place as 
 one of the first consequence in the United States; 
 prubaMy as the future capital of the greatest coun- 
 try that ever the wotld saw. 
 
 Leaving St. Louis, we pass along the Missis- 
 sippi about 80 miles to Kaskaskia, where the Kas- 
 kaskia river, a considerable stream from the east- 
 ward, fails in ; and below this about 90 miles, the 
 elegant Ohio river, augmented by its numerous 
 branches, forms a junction with the Mississijipi. 
 Here again tlie mind is arrested by the view of this 
 great confluence of waters ; but it is to be observed, 
 that the ground in the neighbourhood is low, and 
 liable to be inundated by the great periodical swell 
 of these rivers. 
 
 About 350 miles below the Ohio, the White 
 
41 
 
 river falls in from the westward, and this is repre- 
 sented as a most beautiful stream. Its sources and 
 meanders can be traced upon the map ; but it may 
 bf wortliy of notice, in this place, to state, on the 
 authority of Mr. Biingier, before referred to, that 
 in the upper part of it, through Devallier's Grant, 
 and to the eastward, it runs for 300 miles throu^^h 
 beds of marhle, of all the variea;ated colours ia 
 nature ; and the adjacent country is indescribably 
 beautiful. 
 
 Fourteen miles below the White river, the Ark- 
 ansas falls in from the westward. This is a very 
 large and important river, having its sources in the 
 mountains above Sante Fe. In exploring the 
 country, Pike reached its banks about the longi- 
 tude of 23° west, and ascended to its highest sources; 
 while Lieutenant Wilkinson descended to the Mis- 
 sissippi. The river, as exhibited on this map, is 
 more correct than any view of it heretofore given; 
 and from thence its relative importance will at once 
 be seen. 
 
 Below the Arkansas river, 190 miles, the Yazoo 
 river falls in from the eastward, and the lands, 
 which formed the subject of the Yazoo speculation., 
 are pointed out on the map. The Big Black river 
 also Hows through these lan<ls, and falls into the 
 Mississippi, 63 miles by water, though only 30 in 
 a direct line by land, below the Yazoo. The river 
 now flows through a most interesting country, 
 which will become the seat of great and important 
 settlemnnts, having Natches for a central point; 
 and below it is Loftus Heights and Fort Adams. 
 
 A few miles helow this, we pass the 31st degree 
 of north latitude, wiiich forms the boundary be- 
 
4£ 
 
 tweeir the States of Louisiana and Mi«isissippi ;^ 
 after which the river makes a remarkahlp bend 
 to the westward, and receives the waters of Red 
 river. 
 
 The Red river rises in the mountains, to the 
 eastward of Santa Fe, between north latitude 37* 
 and 38°, and pursuing a jj;eneral south-east course, 
 makes several remarkable bends, as exhibited oq 
 the map ; but it receives no very considerable 
 streams until it forms a junction with the Wachitta, 
 and its great mass of waters, a few miles before it 
 reaches the Mississippi. 
 
 The junction of this river with the Mississippi is 
 very singular. Tt would appear thai they had lieea 
 originally separate and distinct waters : thi- Mis- 
 sissippi passing to the sea by New Orleans ; and 
 the Red river throuhthe Atchnfalaya. But in one 
 of these numerous bends which the Mississippi has 
 formed, it appears to have broken into the bed of 
 the Red river, they have formed a temporary 
 junction — they again recede, and resume their ori- 
 ginal course towards the great reservoir of waters 
 — the ocean. 
 
 As the river receives no streams of importance 
 after passing the Atchafalaya, it may be consider- 
 ed as having reached its maximum ; and we may 
 view it in its progress from hence to the ocean, as 
 being an average breadth of 800 yards ; the depth 
 being about 120 feet, and the mean velocity about 
 one mile per hour. So constituted, it runs on with 
 majestic sway past St. Francisville, Baton-Rouge, 
 Donaldsonville, Manchac, and, 250 miles below 
 the Atchafalaya, reaches New Orleans, where it 
 makes a considerable bend to the south and east. 
 
^3 
 
 New Orleans is most admirably situaterl on 
 the nurth bank of the Missi^^sip[>i ; and now is 
 and will continue to be, the great depot for the ri- 
 ver under review. 
 
 The English Turn is a remarkable bend in the 
 river, 16 miles below New Orleans, after passing 
 which, we meet with nothing remarkable till we 
 reach Fort 8t. Philip, or Placquemiues, distant 54 
 miles. Nineteen miles below this, the river sepa- 
 rates itself into three grand divisions, as repre- 
 sented on the map, viz. the South-east, or Main 
 Pass ; the South Pa'.s ; and the South-west Pass. 
 Four miles below the forks, on the Main Pass, a 
 a stream issues to the north-east, called Pass a la 
 Loutre, and the Main Pass is divided into two 
 parts at the outlet, the one called the North, and 
 the other the South-east Pass. The South-west 
 Pass is also divided into two parts at the outlet; 
 the western one being called the West Pass. On 
 all these passes there are bars at the outlet, with 
 the water comparatively shallow\ The Main Pass 
 has about 13 feet, the South-west Pass 12, the 
 West Pass 9, and the South Pass 8. The course 
 of the river can be traced a considerable way from 
 the shore, when it is finally lost in the mass of wa- 
 ters forming; the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 In Mr. Darby's valuable work on Louisiana, be- 
 fore referred to, a calculation is made of the quan- 
 tity of water discharged by the Mississippi ; whir h, 
 being from more a( curate data than any heretofore 
 made, we shall trnnscribe. 
 
 In one foui lonj^i'adinal section of the river, it is 
 estimated that there is 141,37^ cubic feet of water | 
 
 G 
 
41 
 
 and the mean velocity being one mile per hour ; and 
 there being 5280 feet in a mile, of course the river 
 will discharge 5280 times 141,373, or 7^'rt.^A-i,UiO 
 cuhic ft et of water every honr. This being reduc- 
 ced to gallons, makes 4,573,9^8.000, being up- 
 wards of 7^ millions of gallons in a minute, and 
 of 1270 thousand gallons in every second of time ! 
 
 But as it is JJiflRrult for the mind to form a cor- 
 rect estimate by figures, where the quantity is very 
 great, we may use another mode. Suppose a 
 trough one mile square and 60 feet deep, the quan- 
 tity of water discharged by the Mississippi would 
 fill it in an hour. Jn twenty four hours it would 
 cover six miles square, or a township, to the depth 
 of 60 feet ; and in one year it would cover, to 
 the depth of 60 feet, a space larger than New 
 Jersey ! 
 
 Having now traversed this great river from its 
 highest source to its outlet, we may take a survey 
 of its magnitude and importance iu another point 
 of view. 
 
 The eastern extremity of the waters of this river 
 is the head waters of the Jillegany, wiiich are si- 
 tuated in Pennsylvania, about 190 miles north-west 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 The western extremity is the head of waters of 
 Jefferson's river, about 54:0 miles from the Pacific 
 Ocean. 
 
 The distance between these two extremities in a 
 direct line, is about I7OO miles. 
 
 The northen extremity is a branch of the Mis- 
 souri, in the north latitude 50° 42' ; 550 miles west 
 by north of the Lake of the Woods. 
 
The southern extremity is the South Pass into 
 the Gulf of Mexico; north latitude 29°; 90 miles 
 below New Orleans. 
 
 The distance between these two extremities, in 
 a direct linCy is 1680. miles. 
 
 The river and its branches spread over nearly 
 fifteen hundred thousand square miles, viz. : 
 
 Missouri Territory, f, 1,060,000 
 
 North-west Territory, ^, 
 
 73,500 
 
 Illinois Territory, the whole, 
 
 50,000 
 
 Indiana, ^|, 
 
 32,300 
 
 Ohio, |, 
 
 31,200 
 
 Pennsylvania, ^^ 
 
 14,200 
 
 New York, -j-^^, 
 
 460 
 
 Maryland, j^, 
 
 110 
 
 Virginia, f , 
 
 25,600 
 
 North Carolina, -jL, 
 
 900 
 
 South Carolina, ^j^^. 
 
 190 
 
 Georgia, yi^, 
 
 580 
 
 Kentucky, the whole, 
 
 39,000 
 
 Tennessee, the whole, 
 
 40,000 
 
 Mississippi, j^, 
 
 29,660 
 
 Louisiana, |, 
 
 32,000 
 
 
 1,429,700 
 
 So that the Mississippi and its branches vrater 
 considerably above S-3dsof the whole United States 
 territory ; a great portion of it being unsettled, and 
 probably the finest land in the world. 
 
 Minerals. Of these there are a great variety and 
 profusion. Iron, limestone, and freestone, abound 
 throughout all the country. Coal is very abundant 
 in the western country ; and is found in several 
 districts in the Atlantic states. Lead abounds in 
 
the district near St. Louis, where the mines arc 
 exceedingly valsiahle; and probably of §reat ex- 
 tent. Copper mines exisi in several places throusjh- 
 oui the country ; and it is believed that gold and 
 silver exist in great profnsi(»n in Upper Louisiana. 
 M.icble is a most abundant article, particularly in. 
 Upper Louisiana, where it forms the bed of the 
 W'ni'e river, already noticed, for 300 miles. The 
 benefit derived from the marble quarries in the 
 neighbourhood of Philadelphia, is well known, 
 and tlie article is ahundant in many other places. 
 Quicksilver, zinc, saltpetre, and sulphur, exist in 
 considerable quantities. In Upper Louisiana, Mr. 
 Bringier discovered vast quantities of antimony, 
 which may hereafter be an article of .great value, 
 and the whole western country abounds with salt 
 springs.* 
 
 * On this subject we will probably soon be supplied with 
 much valuable information. Mr. VVm. Maclure, well known 
 for his attachment to geological science, has recenllj returned 
 from a tour to the western country ; and it is to be hoped the 
 result of his researches will be publislted. In many counties 
 of En>.^land, the surveys are as complete below the »rround 
 as .ibove it ; and in some of them the mines are more valua- 
 ble thjn the farms. That there is a hidden store of treasure 
 of immense value within the United Slates territory, there is 
 no doubt ; and a systematic plan for exploring the country, 
 and bringing it into view, Avould probably be attended with 
 the most beneficial result. 
 
 Since the foregoing note was written, Mr. Maclure has 
 prepaj ed a work of great value entitled " Observations on the 
 Geology of tbe United States of America ; with some remarks 
 on the effect produced on the nature and fertility of soils, by 
 ^he decomposition of the different classes of rocks ; and an 
 application to the fertility of every state in the Union." — This 
 
Soil. The soil in such a great extent of country 
 musr b»' very various. On the Atlantic coast, to 
 the north and east, it is stony, and towards the 
 south, sandy; l»ut in both cases it is interspersed 
 with a great deal .of alluvial land. Towards the 
 mountains the soil improves, and there are many 
 situations extromely fertile. On the mountains the 
 soil is lii;iit and thin, hui rich in the valleys. Be- 
 yond the mottntains, in the valleys of the Ohio, 
 Missis«iippi, and Missouri, there are vast tracts of 
 land uncommonly rich and fertile. Towards the 
 south-western parts of the Missouri Territory, the 
 soil is li2;ht. thin, and sandy. The mountainous 
 res^ion to the n«irth-west is pretty similar to the Al- 
 le^;iny Mountains, but the hills are much more 
 lofty, and the soil more variable. Beyond these 
 mountains, there is much good soil all the way to 
 the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Produce. The produce consists of every varie- 
 ty in the worhl, wheat, maize (or Indian corn), 
 oats, barley, and other grain; with apples, pears, 
 cherries, peaches, grapes, plums, and other fruit: 
 and a vast variety of vegetables are produced all 
 over the rouulry. Lemons, oranges, and some tro- 
 pical fruits are raised in Louisiana and some of the 
 other southern countries. Hops, flax, and hemp, 
 are very abundant. Tobacco is an article of ex- 
 tensive cultivation in Virginia, Maryland, and 
 other places. Cotton is a staple commodity in the 
 southern states, indigo is produced in Louisiana, 
 
 work is now published, and is one of the most valuable do- 
 cuments extant in regard to the nature of the soil of the 
 United Sidtes. 
 
48 
 
 and sugar has become an article of extensive cuHi- 
 ration in that country, and in some places along 
 the Atlantic coast. 
 
 The northern and eastern states, and the moun- 
 tains in the interior, are fine (grazing countries, pro- 
 ducing vast quantities of cattle and sheep, and but- 
 ter and cheese in abundance. Sheep are multiply- 
 ing very fast all over the country ; and the Merino 
 breed having been introduced, thrive as well as 
 they do in Spain. 
 
 The horses for draught and for the saddle, are 
 very abundant, and generally excellent; particu- 
 larly in Pennsylvania. Other domestic animals 
 are very plenty, as asses, goats, hogs, and dogs. 
 
 Of tame fowl, there are turkeys, geese, ducks, 
 common poultry, pigeons, peacocks, and guinea 
 fowls. 
 
 The wild animals are numerous. The mam- 
 moth, the largest of all the ftmr-footed tribe, for- 
 merly an inhabitant of this country, is now ex- 
 tinct, though many specimens of its remains are to 
 be found in the United States.* Among those in 
 existence at present may be enumerated the bison, 
 or wild ox, moose, deer, bear, wolf, fox, lynx, 
 panther, weasel, ermine, martin, mink, otter, opos- 
 sum, hare, squirrel, mouse, bat, rat, beaver, seal, 
 &c. The game and wild fowl peculiar to the 
 country are turkeys, pheasants, partridges, wood- 
 cocks, snipes, wild swans, wild geese, wild ducks, 
 
 * An entire skeleton of the mammoth, well worth the at- 
 tention of the curious, is to be seen in Peale's museum, Phi- 
 ladelphia. 
 
49 
 
 piajeoiis, teal, plovers, widgeons, rail, &c. The 
 other birds are eagles, liawks^ vultures, turkey- 
 buzzards, starlings, blue birds, red birds, humming 
 birds, &c.* 
 
 Of fishes, there are the whale, dolphin, porpoise, 
 grampus, skate, shark, sturgeon, cod, flounder, 
 perch, whitina;, salmon, trout, roach, shad, drum, 
 blark fish, and a great variety of olhers, with which 
 the seas and interior lakes and rivers abound. 
 
 There is such a profusion of natural timber all 
 over the United States, that the bare enumeration 
 the various kinds of trees would swell this work 
 beyond the limits allotted for it; a few of the most 
 useful kinds may be noticed : elm, cherry, locust, 
 oak, beech, pine, cedar, cypress, willow, hickory, 
 ash, walnut, chesnut, birch, maple, &c. 
 
 Climate. In such an extensive country as this, 
 the climate must he very various. In the north- 
 east the winters are very cold and the summers hot, 
 varying as you proceed to the southward. In the 
 south-east, and along the Gulf of Mexico, the sum- 
 mers are very hot, and the winters mild and plea- 
 sant. Among the mountains it is cold towards the 
 north, and temperate in the south. 
 
 Beyond the mountains, in the valleys of the Ohio, 
 Mississippi, and Missouri, the country enjoys ge- 
 nerally a temperate and delightful climate, until 
 we approach the Rocky Mountains, when it be- 
 comes subject to great extremes, the winters being 
 
 * A most defiant description of the birds of the United 
 States, with representations coloured from the life, is to bo 
 found in the Anr»erican Ornithology, by the late ingenious 
 Alexander Wilson. 
 
56 
 
 generally very cold; and many of the mountains 
 constantly covered with snow. To the wesiward 
 of these mountains there is a great change on the 
 climate, until we reach the siiores of the Pacific, 
 where it is pretty similar to the western parts of 
 Europe. The prevailing winds are from the west- 
 ward, and blowing over a great expanse of water, 
 they fan and cool the air in summer, and in win'er, 
 being loaded with vapour, they deluge the country 
 with frequent rain. 
 
 Settlement and Progress of Society. The first 
 settlement of the United States took place in KilO, 
 from which time they continued as British colonies 
 until 1776? when they were declared to be L\de 
 PENDENT States; at which period the stntes 
 amounted to thirteen, containing about three rail- 
 lions of inhabitants. Since that time they have in- 
 creased in an astonishing desj;ree, and now anmunt 
 to twenty states, and five territories, ccmiaining, 
 by the census of 1810, 7.239.903 inhabitants. 
 About 253,400 may be added as the annual in- 
 crease since. 
 
 The progress of agriculture, manufactures, and 
 the mechanic arts, is even more remarkable than 
 that of the population. At the period of the revo- 
 lution, the settlements were almost wholly confined 
 to the eastward of the mountains, and principally 
 along the sea board, depending on Britain for ma- 
 nufactures, atid many of the necessaries of life. 
 The settlements now extend across the Mississip- 
 pi, the interior being studded with towns, villages^, 
 and farm houses ; and abounding with saw and 
 grist mills, fulling mills^ carding and roving ma- 
 
51 
 
 ehires. paper mills, cotton mills, iron foundenes 
 and forties, tan works and glass works, in such 
 profusion, and increasing so rapidly, that the in- 
 ternal manuf ictures will soon be equal, not (uilv to 
 a supply of the demand at home, but it i*^ probable 
 that vast quantities of cotton yarn and cloth, and of 
 hemp manufactures, will be exported. The es- 
 timated amount of munuf -ctures in 1810, was 
 120,000,000 dollars. The increase since that time 
 has been so great, that they may he now estimated 
 at upwards. of 200,000,000. The United States 
 has heretofore exported flour, aslies, cotton, timber, 
 fish, tar. turpentine, &c. In 1812, the amount was 
 4ii, 294,013 dollars. They have imported dry 
 goods, gntceries, tea, coffee, sugar, wine, brandy, 
 &c. In 1812, the amount of the imports was 
 nearly equal to the exports. The state of com- 
 merce is rapidly changing from external to inter- 
 nal trade, and this change will unquestionably go 
 on till the establishment of internal manufactures 
 become general. 
 
 Government and Laws. The government of the 
 United States is a federal republic. Each state has 
 a constitution for the management of its internal 
 affairs ; and they are all formed into one bond of 
 union by the Federal Constitution. By it the 
 legislative power is vested in a congress of dele- 
 gates from the several slates, divided into two dis- 
 tinct bodies, styled the Senate and House of Re- 
 jjresentatives. The members of the house of re- 
 presentatives are elected every two years by the 
 people, and the senators are elected every six 
 years by the state legislatures. The executive 
 
 H 
 
power is vested in a President^ chosen every 
 four years, hy a number of deles>;ate.s in each 
 state, appointed in such number as the stale let^is- 
 latures niay direct, and equal to the number of 
 inemb«M"s uhuh they respectively send to both 
 branches of tongress. 
 
 Freedom of speech, and of the press, is for ever 
 guaranteed by the constitution. 
 
 All the inhabitants are equal in the eye of the 
 law. They must all bear arms, or pay an equiva- 
 lent, and all are equally interested in the defence 
 of the country. 
 
 Trial by jury is to be preserved inviolate. 
 
 A republiran form of government is guaranteed 
 to all the states, and hereditary titles and distinc- 
 tions prohibited. 
 
 Meli^ion. No law shall ever be passed to esta- 
 blish any particular ft>rm of religion, or to prevent 
 the free exercise of religion ; and no religious test 
 shall ever be required as a qualitication to any 
 office of public trust under the United States. 
 
 Education^ and the improvement of the mind, 
 are generally well attended to, throughout the 
 United States. 
 
 The several states and territories are exhibited 
 on the map ; and the following lal)le shows the 
 area, extent, population, cliief towns, and other 
 essential particulars. 
 
53 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 States and Ten itories. 
 
 JSlaiiie } 
 
 Massacliusetts 3 
 New Hampshire 
 Vermont 
 . Rhode Island 
 Connecticut 
 New York - 
 New Jersey 
 Pennsylvania 
 Delaware 
 Mar)"land - 
 Virginia 
 Ohio - 
 Kentucky - 
 Tennessee - 
 North CaroUna - 
 South Carolina 
 Georgia 
 Louisiana 
 Indiana 
 Mississippi • 
 District of Columbia 
 Alabama Territory 
 Illinois Territory 
 Michigan Territory 
 No.'th-west Territory 
 Missoui-i Territory 
 
 Vle.liuai. 1 
 
 ro) 
 
 ^^ 
 
 y--'jg 
 
 s^ 
 
 J^ 
 
 cQa 
 
 '215 
 
 162 
 
 70 
 
 140 
 
 160 
 
 70 
 
 152 
 
 60 
 
 48 
 
 42 
 
 50 
 
 80 
 
 198 
 
 256 
 
 i 3.8 
 
 50 
 
 15.3 
 
 973 
 
 90 
 
 25 
 
 108 
 
 198 
 
 220 
 
 370 
 
 204 
 
 'ilO 
 
 1.'38 
 
 300 
 
 102 
 
 420 
 
 120 
 
 345 
 
 162 
 
 216 
 
 300 
 
 240 
 
 240 
 
 210 
 
 240 
 
 l."!8 
 
 317 
 
 150 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 317 
 
 174 
 
 306 
 
 210 
 
 234 
 
 138 
 
 360 
 
 456 
 
 1380 
 
 1680 
 
 Area 
 Square 
 
 Miles. 
 
 31.750 
 
 8,5(X) 
 
 8,500 
 
 8,700 
 
 1,500 
 
 4,000 
 
 46,000 
 
 6,000 
 
 42,500 
 
 1 ,700 
 
 10,800 
 
 64,000 
 
 39,000 
 
 39,000 
 
 40,000 
 
 45,000 
 
 28 700 
 
 58.000 
 
 48,000 
 
 34,000] 
 
 43,000! 
 
 100 
 
 46,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 27 .000 
 
 147,000 
 
 ,580,000 
 
 Popula- 
 tion last 
 Census. 
 
 228.705 
 
 472,040 
 
 214,460 
 
 217,895 
 
 76,931 
 
 261,942 
 
 959 0411 
 
 245.562 
 
 810,091 
 
 72,674 
 
 380,546 
 
 974,622 
 
 2.i0,760 
 
 406,511 
 
 261,727 
 
 555,500 
 
 415,115 
 
 252,43: 
 
 76,556 
 
 68,780 
 
 65,979 
 
 24,0 
 
 29,68.5 
 
 12,28 
 
 4,762 
 
 Seat of 
 Government. 
 
 Portland } 
 
 Boston 3 
 
 Concord 
 
 .Moiit|>elier - 
 
 Providence - 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Albany 
 
 Trenton 
 
 liarrisburg - 
 
 Dover 
 
 .\niiapolis 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Columbus 
 
 Frankfort 
 
 Nashville 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Mille.lgeville 
 
 Mew Orleans 
 
 Corydon 
 
 Washi:igton 
 
 W.^SHJNGTON 
 
 Kort Stoddart 
 
 Kaskaskia 
 
 Detroit 
 
 20,84., St Louis 
 
 Additional population of Indiana, 
 Mississippi, and Alabama, 
 
 2,459,350ir,2.)9 903 
 70,090 
 
 Each State sends two Senators 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 G 
 
 6 
 23 
 
 9 
 23 
 6 
 10 
 6 
 13 
 9 
 G 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 184 
 
 40 
 
 Total legislature 224 
 
 Note. — New York, by a Census in 1815, contained 
 1,030,000 inhahitctnts. The probability is, that the United 
 Sta es. in 1818, contains ubont 9.250,000 inhabitants, and that 
 the next Census will give nearly 10,000,000. 
 
View of the Land Laws of the United States* 
 
 Having now taken a genfral view of the United 
 States territory ; which, being perused in connexion 
 Avith the map, will, it is hoped, enable the reader 
 to form a correct opinion as to the extent and im- 
 portance of the country; we shall close this article 
 bv a view of the Pnbli.* Lands of the United Slates? 
 and of the plan that has been devised for the dis- 
 posal of them. 
 
 The Public Lands of the United States origi- 
 nally consisted, with some exceptions to be noticed 
 hereafter, of the whole of the countrj' north and 
 west of the Ohio, to the Mississippi ; and of a con- 
 siderable portion south of Tennessee and west of 
 Georgia, to that river. These countries are now 
 subdivided into states and territories, as exhibited 
 on the map, and consist of the states of Ohio and 
 Indiana ; and the Michigan, Illinois, North-west, 
 and Miss ssippi temi.>ries. 
 
 The purchase of Louisiana has added an amaz- 
 ing extent of territory to the general fnnd. 
 
 To enable the reader the more easily to trace the 
 subject, we shall lake a short \ iew of the pre",* nt 
 statt of the public lands, in the several states and 
 territories. It is a matter of great public interest, 
 noi only to the present citizens (»f the Ursited Stales, 
 but to the world at large, for all thn inhabitants of 
 the world may avail themselves of whatevf r ad- 
 vantages may result from it. By the benevolent 
 policy of the United States, the right hand of fel- 
 
59 
 
 lowship is held out to all mankind. — Whoever 
 arrives in the country for permanent settlement, can 
 become a citizen within five^ears after his arrival, 
 and be entitled to partake in all the blessings that 
 this chfvsen country and its excellent institutions 
 can afford.* 
 
 In the State of Ohio^ the United States hold the 
 whole of the unsold lands, with (he exception of 
 the Connecticut Reservation, on Like Erie ; the 
 Virginia Military Lands, between the Scioto and 
 Little Miami, and the J\'orth-west Section, where 
 the Indian title is not yet extinguished, and of 
 which the United States hold the pre-emption 
 right. f 
 
 In Indiana, the United States hold all the un- 
 sold lands below the Indian boundary line, exhibit- 
 ed on the map; and they hold the pre-emption 
 right of all above it. 
 
 In the Illinois Territory, they hold all the un- 
 sold lands beyond the Indian boundaries, as exhi- 
 bited on (he map; and the pre-emption right of the 
 remainder. 
 
 In the Michigan Territory, they hold all the un- 
 sold lands within the Indian^ftoundary line, mark- 
 ed on the map ; and the pre-emption right of the 
 remainder. 
 
 In the JVorth- West Territory, (hey hold all the 
 unsold lands ceded by the Sac and Fox Indians ; 
 and the pre-emption right of the remainder. 
 
 * See the steps necessary to be taken to become a citizen 
 at the close of this article. 
 
 t The pre-emptii)n right is the exclusive right to pur- 
 chase from the Indians. 
 
56 
 
 In the State of Mississippi and Alabama Terri- 
 tory^ thej' hold all tlip lands within the Indian 
 boundary line in the south, and a considerable por- 
 tion in the northern part ; and they hold the pre- 
 emption rii^ht to ail the remainder. 
 
 In the State of Louisiana, they hold a very con- 
 siderable portion of hwuU ; and in the Missouri 
 territory they hold the whole of the unsold lands, 
 with the exception of those grants made hy the 
 Court of Spain, before they obtained the sovereignty. 
 These are marked on the map, so far a« informa- 
 tion has been obtained, and consist of Devallier's 
 Grant, Bastrop's Claim, Maisonrouge's Grant, and 
 Bringier's Grant. 
 
 It may be remarked here, that the Court of Spain 
 never recognised the Indian claims to any part of 
 the country, and in truth this decision seems to be 
 dictated, at least in part, by justice and sound 
 policy. The Indians are certainly entitled to their 
 fa;r pr portion of the country, according to their 
 numbers; but let it be remem!>ered, that *' the earth 
 is the Lord's and the fulness thereof,'' and that it 
 is the duty of man to " subdue it," and to *^ be 
 fruitful and multipl^Jand replenish it." From the 
 policy heretofore pursued by the United States, we 
 may be very certain that the Indian rights will be 
 duly regarded ; but it certainly never was intended 
 by Providence, that two or three hundred' men 
 should claim and hold waste a space capable of 
 supporting millions. The right which a man has to 
 appropriate any portion of the earth to his exclu- 
 sive use, arises entirely from his having expended 
 labour in its improvement. As population and 
 
67 
 
 power overspread the land, the Indians must of 
 neressitj betake themselves to agriculture and vir- 
 tuous industry. It is tiie interest of both the vviiite 
 and red children that it should be so, and this doc- 
 trine cannot be too frequently or too strongly en- 
 forced. 
 
 In estimating the resources of the country in 
 1808. with a view to the execution of a plan for its 
 internal improvement, it was stated in the report of 
 the then secretary of the treasury, that, '^ Exclu- 
 sively of Louisiana, the general government pos- 
 sessed in trust for the people of the United States, 
 about 100 millions of acres fit for culiivation, north 
 of the river Ohio, and near 50 millions south of Uie 
 state of Tennessee." Although considerable sales 
 have been made since that time, yet there has also 
 been considerable acquisitions by purchase from 
 the Indians, so that the aggregate quaniity is not 
 diminished. There is at le.tat one hundred and 
 fifty millions of acres of excellent land belonging 
 to the public, east of the Mississippi ; and, with- 
 out carrying our speculations far forward, we may 
 reckon that as much more will soon be surveyed, 
 and ready for sale and settlement, beyond the Mis- 
 sissippi. Here then, to say nothing of the more 
 remote part of the country — here is three hundred 
 millions of acres of laud, fit for cultivation, the 
 property of the government, in trust for the people 
 of the United States ; iii one of the finest climates 
 — watered by the noblest rivers, and possessing 
 natural advantages second to no country in the 
 world. 
 
38 
 
 In animadverting on this subject, the secretary of 
 the treasury, in his report bi^tore quoted, states, 
 " For the dif^posifion of these lands, a plan has 
 " been adopted, calculated to enable every indus- 
 <' trious citizen to become a freeholder^ to secure 
 " indisputable titles to the purchasers^ to obtain a 
 '' national revenue, and above all to supprkss 
 " MONOPOLY." The plan is this : Before the lands 
 are «old, they are all surveyed, and subdivided 
 inti townships ^n(] sections. Each township is six 
 miles square, and it is sul)divi<led into sections of 
 one mile square. Each secti«m therefore contains 
 6i() acres ; and a township being 36 square miles, 
 coti tains 28.04-0 acres. The sections are numbered 
 from 1 to o6 ; and number l6 being near the centre, 
 is uniformly destined for the support of a school, 
 for the nsp of the toAvnship ; and the three adjacent 
 sections are rt^served for the use of the United 
 St ifes, to be sold at a future period, as congress 
 may determine.* 
 
 A convenient number of townships, between two 
 parallel lines, running north and south, is called a 
 rarge, and a convenient number of ranges is erected 
 info a district, where an office, called a '' Land 
 Office," is situated for the disposal of the public 
 lands in the district. 
 
 In this office are deposited the surveys of the 
 lands, together with the field notes, which desig- 
 nate their quality, &c. and these are open to the in- 
 
 * A complete examplifiration of this plan may be seen in 
 Hough and Bo irnes' very excellent map of Ohio, published 
 by the author of this work. 
 
59 
 
 spection of the public. The smallest quantity tliat 
 can be sold in these offices is a quarter of a section, 
 160 acres ; and the price is limited to two dollars 
 per acre, payable one-fourth in cash ; and the re- 
 mainder by instalments in the course of four years. 
 
 If the whole is paid in cash, the price is one dol- 
 lar sixty-four cents per acre. 
 
 These land offices are distributed as follows; viz. : 
 In Ohio, at Wooster, Steubenville, Marietta, Zanes- 
 ville, Chillicothe, and Cincinnati. In Indiana, at 
 Jeffersonville and Vincennes. In the Michigan 
 Territory, at Detroit. In the Illinois Territory, at 
 Shawnee Town, Kaskaskias, and Edwardsville. 
 In the Missouri Territory, at St. Louis. In Loui- 
 siana, at JSTew Orleans and Opelousas. In the new 
 State of Mississippi, at Washington, near Natches; 
 and in the Alabama Territory, at St. Stephens, 
 east of Pearl river, and Huntsville, Madison 
 county. 
 
 Each office is under the direction of a Register, 
 and the payments are made to another officer, en- 
 titled the Receiver ; the whole is under the direc- 
 tion of the Surveyor General, who makes periodi- 
 cal returns to the Commissioner of the Land Office, 
 at Washington. 
 
 In the land office at Washington, all the surveys 
 and records of the public lands are deposited — all 
 titles are issued from thence, and are signed by the 
 President of the United States. 
 
 Such is the system! — Now mark its effects. — 
 Every industrious citizen of the United States has 
 the power to become a freeholder, on paying the 
 small sum of eighty dollars, being the first instal- 
 
 I 
 
60 
 
 ment on the purchase of a quarter of a section of 
 land ; and though he should not have another shil- 
 ling in the world, he can easily clear as much from 
 the land, as will pay the remaining instalments 
 before they become due. This is merely taking the 
 result of the system on the smallest scale for illus- 
 tration. A farmer with an industrious family may 
 become the proprietor of a whole section^ or more ; 
 and the land heins; purely his own, there is no set- 
 ting limits to his prosperity. No proud tyrant can 
 lord it over him. — He has no rent to pay — no 
 game laws — nor timber laws — nor fishing laws to 
 dread. He has no taxes to pay, except his equal 
 share for the support of the civil government of the 
 country, which is but a trifle. — He has no excise 
 laws to oppress and harass him. — He can neither 
 be gauged nor supervised. — He has no poor rates 
 to pay ; for he dwells in a country where govern- 
 ment interposes not its greedy hand, to snatch the 
 cup of industry from the lips of the feeble. — He 
 has no tithes to pay, for there are no hireling priests 
 in the community of which he is a member. 
 
 Such are the blessings enjoyed fiy the American 
 farmer. It might look invidious to compare it with 
 the same class of society elsewhere. — It is sufficient 
 to say, that here this class, — one of the most valua- 
 ble in every community, — are prosperous and 
 happy — and from a view of the whole subject, we 
 are inelined to believe, that this is secured for ag(s 
 to come. May the Almighty Father of the liuman 
 race, pour down his choicest blessings upon the 
 heads of those who planned, and carried into effect, 
 such a benevolent system. 
 
61 
 
 Steps necessary to be taken to become a Citizen of 
 the United States. 
 
 As many persons have been disappointed in their 
 expeetaiions of becoming citizens, at the time they 
 wished, it may not be improper in this place to give 
 an abstract of the law upon the sjiubject. The act 
 was passed on the 14th April, 1802, and will be 
 found at large in Vol. 6, p. 74', of the Laws of the 
 United States ; or Graydon's Abridgment, Vol. 1, 
 p. 309, under the head Naturalization. ' 
 
 The first step necessary to be taken in virtue of 
 this act, is to make a registry of the intention to 
 become a citizen, and obtain a certificate thereof. 
 This can be done in the District Court, where the 
 person arrives, and the Clerk of the Court is en- 
 titled to charge fifty cents for the Register, and 
 fifty cents more for the Certificate. 
 
 This preliminary step is absolutely necessary, 
 for it is expressly declared, that " such certificate 
 shall be exhibited to the court by every alien who 
 may arrive in the United States, after the passing 
 of this act, on his application to be naturalized, as 
 evidence of the time of his arrival in the United, 
 States.'"^ As it is obvious from hence, that in terms 
 of this, no person can be admitted a citizen sooner 
 than five years after making this report, those who 
 wish to avail themselves of the inestimable privi- 
 lege of becoming a citizen of the United States, 
 should not delay the report a single day. 
 
 The next step necessary, is to make oath or 
 affirmation, that it is bona fide the intention to be^ 
 
6S 
 
 come a citizen of the United States, and to renounce 
 allegiance to every foreign power. This oath or 
 affirmation can be made before the supreme, supe- 
 rior, district, or circuit court, of some one of the 
 states, or the territorial districts of the United 
 States ; or a circuit or district court of the United 
 States ; and must be done three years at least be- 
 fore the person can be admitted. The best plan 
 is, for the person making application, to make the 
 oath or affirmation at the same time that he makes 
 the declaration of his intention; and in this way no 
 time will be lost. 
 
 The foregoing steps being taken, the person is 
 entitled, at the end of jive years from the date of 
 the registry of his intention, (having taken the oath 
 within the time prescribed by law) to claim the right 
 of citizenship. This is obtained from any of the 
 courts aforesaid ; but before it is granted, the court 
 must be satisfied that the person has resided Jive 
 years at least in the United States (and mark well, 
 that in addition to other proofs, it is necessary to 
 produce the record of registry aforesaid), and one 
 year at least, in the state or territory where such 
 court is held. They must also be satisfied, "that 
 he has behaved as a man of good moral character, 
 that he is attached to the principles of the Consti- 
 tution of the United States; and well dii^posed to 
 the good order and happiness of the same.^' He 
 must also declare on oaih or affirmation, that he 
 will support the Constitution of the United States; 
 and that he renounces allegiance to every foreign 
 power. 
 
63 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 View of the United States, geos;raphically arrang- 
 ed into States and Territories; with Toyogra- 
 phical Tables of the Counties, Townships, and 
 Population ; and a complete List of the Post 
 Offices in the several districts. 
 
 (C/'It may be proper here to remark that the object of this work is 
 not to give geograpliical details; but to present a view of the subject 
 as an accompaniment to the map- We have treated as amply of the 
 United States, in general, as the limits prescribed for the work 
 would admit of, so as this chapter might be condensed into the bare 
 outlines of the geographical feuturss of the particular sections of the 
 country; which with the Statistical Tables will render it pecnliarly 
 useful as a general book of reference, not only as an accompaniment 
 to this map, but for all maps of the United States, or any part of 
 them. 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 Situation. Between 43° 5' and 47° 45' N. lat. 
 and 5° 55' and 10° E. lotig. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north and north-west Low- 
 er Canada. South-east, Atlantic Ocean. East, 
 New Brunswick. West, New Hampshire. 
 
 Extent. From north to south about 216 miles. 
 From east to west, 163. 
 
 .irea. About 31,750 square miles, 19,720,000 
 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Hilly, but not mountain- 
 ous. The coast indented with bays, and abound- 
 ing with excellent harbours. 
 
 Rivers. St. John's, St. Croix, Pa^^samaquoddy, 
 Penobscot, Kennebeck, Androscoggin, Saco, &c. 
 
64i 
 
 Minerals. Iron, copperas, sulphur, and ochres 
 
 Soil. On the sea coast, stony and barren. In 
 the interior, pretty fertile. 
 
 Produce. Grain, grass, &c. 
 
 Climate. Summers short, but agreeable. Au- 
 tumns, clear and healthy. Winters, long and se- 
 vere. Spring, hardly any. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Toxt>7iships. 
 
 Popjdation. 
 
 CJiief Toivns and Population. 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 24 
 
 42,831 
 
 Portland 7,169 
 
 Ha:, cock 
 
 76 
 
 30,031 
 
 Castine 1.036 
 
 Ki'iinebeck 
 
 33 
 
 32,564 
 
 HHlloweli 2,068 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 36 
 
 42,992 
 
 Wiscasset 2,083 
 
 Oxford 
 
 37 
 
 17,S30 
 
 Paris 
 
 Somerset 
 
 37 
 
 12,910 
 
 Norridgewock 880 
 
 Washington 
 
 24 
 
 7,870 
 
 Machias 1,570 
 
 York 
 
 21 
 
 41,877 
 
 York 3,046. 
 
 228,705 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 J^'OTE. — 1'he first name in the folhiving lltt is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the Countij, the figures point out the distance from 
 Wusldnirton. 
 
 Albany, Oxford 648 
 
 Alfred, York 549 
 
 Alna, Lincoln 603 
 
 Anson, Somerset 665 
 
 Arnold, York 
 
 Augusta, Ktnnebeck 612 
 
 Baldwin, Cumberland 583 
 
 Bang-or, Ham ock 690 
 
 Batl'i, Lincoln 588 
 
 Belfast, Hancock 658 
 
 Berwick, York 544 
 
 Bethel, Oxford 598 
 
 Bloomfield, Somerset 646 
 
 Blue Hill, Hancock 693 
 
 Booth IJay, Lincoln 613 
 
 Bowdoinham, Lincoln 590 
 
 Brewer, Hancock 694 
 
 Bridg-eton, Cumberland 589 
 
 Bristol, Lincoln 609 
 
 Brown, Hancock 
 
 Brownfield, York 575 
 N Brown's Corner, Kennebeck 618 
 \Brunswick, Cumberland 581 
 
 Buckfield, Oxford 613 
 Bucksiown, Hancock 676 
 B'lxion, York 569 
 Calais or Scodic Falls, ^Vasbington 
 
 843 
 Camden, Lincoln 650 
 Canaan, Kennebeck 646 
 Carmal, Hancock 670 
 Castine, Hancock 698 
 ChesterviUe, Kennebeck 637 
 Clinton, Ki nnebeck 635 
 Cobscook, Washington 
 Columbia, Washington 657 
 Cornish, York 560 
 (Crosby, Hancock 664 
 I)t;nneysville, Washington 804 
 Dixmont, Hancock 666 
 Doughty's Falls, York 525 
 Dresden, Lincoln 613 
 East Falls of Machias, Washington 
 
 780 
 Eddington, Hancock 693 
 Edgecomb, Lincoln 607 
 
65 
 
 Ellsworth, Hancock 706 
 Fairfax, Kennebeck 645 
 Fairfield, Kennebeck 634 
 Farmington, Kennebt-ck 649 
 Fayette, Kennebeck 631 
 Frankfort, Hancock 676 
 Fp'. ejiort, Ciimberland 572 
 Fi-eedom, Ker.nebeck 
 Fryeburg', Oxford 563 
 Gaidner, Kennebeck 606 
 Gilnnansville, 
 Gorham, Cumberland 564 
 Goldsboro', Hancock 727 
 Gray, Cumberl.ind 571 
 Greene, Kennebeck 594 
 Hag's Ft. Lubec, Wasliington 
 Hallovvell, Kennebeck 610 
 Haii.pden, Hancock 685 
 Harlem, Kenn be i k 623 
 Hartford, Oxford 610 
 Hebron, Cumberland 593 
 
 Norridgewock, Kennebeck 653 
 Norlhport, Hancock 662 
 North Yarniouib,Ctin^hcrlHnd 564 
 Norway, Cumber ianU 592 
 OiM'injfton, Hancock 692 
 Palermo, Lincoln 635 
 Paris, Oxford .i98 ■ 
 ParsonsfieKl, Yoik 557 
 Pejipscot, Ciinibf-rl,.nd 
 Pf^nobscot, Hancock 687 
 Phipsburg-, Lincoln 621 
 Pil.sion, Kt-nnebeck 608 
 Plantation No. 12, Washington 788 
 Poland, see Minot 
 PoL.nd, Cumberland 580 
 Portland, Cumberland 554 
 Prospect, Hancock 663 
 Raymond. Cumberland 576 
 Readfield, Kennebeck 625 
 Robbinsiown, Washington 831 
 Rumford, Oxford 616 
 
 Hebron academy, ( umberland 602 Sacarappa, Cumberland 561 
 
 Hiram, York 581 
 
 HoUis or Phillipsburg, York 567 
 
 Industry, Kennebeck 658 
 
 Jackson, Hancock 
 
 Jay, Oxford 645 
 
 Jefferson, Lincoln 620 
 
 Jonesboro" or Chandlersville, 
 
 Washington 768 
 Joy, Kennelieck 
 Kfi dull, Kennebunk 
 Kf nnehur.k, York 529 
 Kt luu bunkpor', York 531 
 Katery, York 504 
 Lebanon, York 534 
 Lewisiovvn, Lincoln 588 
 Linicrick, York 565 
 Limington, York 576 
 Lincoln, Hancock 549 
 Lincolnville, Hancock 658 
 Litchfield, Lincohi 628 
 Livermore, Oxford 609 
 Lovel, York 630 
 M;;chias, Washington 775 
 
 Saco or Biddef rd, York 539 
 Sandford, York 533 
 Siarboro', Cumberland 
 Seaconk, Bristol 
 Sedgewick, Hancock 703 
 Shapleigh, York 543 
 Sidney. Kennebeck 621 
 Standish, Cumberland 571 
 Steuben, Washingion 736 
 Storks, Kennebunk 660 
 Sullivan, Hancock 730 
 Sumner, Oxford 619 
 Surry, Hancock 701 
 Sweden, York 574 
 Thomastovvn, Lincoln 640 
 Turner, Oxford 599 
 Union, Lincoln 633 
 Uniiy, Kennebeck 666 
 Vassalbo!-o', Kennebeck 624 
 Vienna, Kennebeck 661 
 Waldobor(>', Lincoln 626 
 Warren, Lin< olr 634 
 Waterboro', York 560 
 
 Minoi or Poland, Cumberland 587 Waterford, York 580 
 
 Moiimoiith, Kennebeck 604 
 
 Monlville, liincoln 644 
 
 Mount Ephraun, Hancock 
 
 Mount Vernon, Kennebeck 655 
 
 Narraguagus, Washington 743 
 
 New Casco, Cumberland 667 
 
 New Castle, Lincoln 640 
 
 Newfield, York 551 
 
 New Gloucester, Cumberland 578 W scasset, Lincoln 603 
 
 New Milfordjsee Alna, Lincoln 613 Woolwich, Lincoln 694 
 
 Newport, 658 York, York 509- 
 
 New Sharon, Kennebeck 642 
 
 Waterville, Kennebeck 630 
 Wayne, Kennebeck 658 
 Wells, York 522 
 
 Whitefield or Balltown, Lincoln 649 
 Wilton, Kennebeck 685 
 Windham, Cumberland 568 
 Winslow, Kennebeck 630 
 Wmthrop, Kennebeck 610 
 
66 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Situation. Between M° 13' and 42° 52' N. lat. 
 and 3° 20' and 0° 55' E. lona;. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north. New Hampshire and 
 Vermont. South, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and 
 Atlantic Ocean. East, Atlantic Ocean. West, 
 New York. 
 
 Extent. From north to south 70 miles. From 
 east to west 140 miles. 
 
 d.rea. 8,500 square miles, or 5,440,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Strikingly diversified. 
 The coast indenterl with hays, and studded with 
 islands. Middle, agreeably uneven. On the west, 
 mountainous. 
 
 Rivers. Connecticut, Merrimack, &c. 
 
 Soil. Various. On the coast sandy and rocky, 
 improving in the interior. Among the mountains, 
 adapted to grazing. 
 
 Produce. Corn, rye, barley, oats, grass, fruit, 
 flax, hemp, and some wheat. 
 
 Climate. Salubrious and healthy. Winters, long 
 and severe. Springs, short. Summer and au- 
 tumn, delightful. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Townships. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Chief T'nuns arid Population. 
 
 Barnstable 
 
 14 
 
 22,211 
 
 Barnstable 
 
 Berkshire 
 
 32 
 
 35,907 
 
 Stockbridge 1,261 
 
 Bristol 
 
 16 
 
 37,168 
 
 Taunton 
 
 Dukes 
 
 3 
 
 3,290 
 
 Ed^artown 1,365 
 
 Essex 
 
 23 
 
 71,888 
 
 CS^Iem 12,612 
 
 i^ Newbury port 1,634 
 
 * Franklin 
 
 
 
 
 * Hampden 
 
 
 
 
 Hampshire 
 
 64 
 
 76,275 
 
 Springfield 2,767 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 44 
 
 52,789 
 
 Concord 1,633 
 
 * Laid out since last Census. 
 
and 
 ADJACEAT COIWTRY. 
 
67 
 
 Nantucket 
 
 1 
 
 6,807 
 
 Sherburne 
 
 Norfolk 
 
 22 
 
 31,245 
 
 Dedham 2,172 
 
 Plvmnuth 
 
 18 
 
 35.169 
 
 Plymoutli 4,228 
 
 Siiffoik 
 
 2 
 
 34.381 
 
 Boston 33.250 
 
 Worcester 
 
 51 
 
 64,910 
 
 Worcester 2,577 
 
 14 
 
 290 
 
 472,040 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 .AfOTE.—The first name i7i the 
 the second is the name of the C 
 Washington. 
 
 Abingion, Plymouth 452 
 Adams, Berkshire 402 
 Agiiwam, Hampden 366 
 Amherst, Hampshire 394 
 Andover, Essex 467 
 Ashburnham, Worcester 462 
 Ashby, Middlesex 484 
 Ashfield, P'ranklin 410 
 Assonet, Bristol 446 
 Athol, Worcester 429 
 Attleborough, Plymouth 428 
 Barnaidstown, Franklin 413 
 Barnstable, Barnstable 484 
 Bane, Worcester 417 
 Becket, Berkshire 376 
 Belchertovvn, Hampshire 400 
 Beverly, Essex 453 
 Bellerica, Middlesex 456 
 Blandford, Hampshire 381 
 Bohon, Worcester 450 
 Boston, Suffolk 436 
 Boxford, Essex 467 
 Bradford, Essex 472 
 Brewster, Barnstable 598 
 Bridgewater, Plymouth 468 
 Brimfield, Hampshire 375 
 Brookfield, Worcester 396 
 Burlington, Middlesex 476 
 Cambridge, Middlesex 435 
 Canton, Norfolk 448 
 Carver, Plymouth 447 
 Charlertiont, Hampshire 417 
 Charleston, Worcester 440 
 Charlton, Worcester 384 
 Chatham, Barnstable 508 
 Chelmsford, Middlesex 462 
 Cheshire, Berkshire 404 
 Cht-ster, Hampshire 387 
 Chesterfield, Hampshire 398 
 Cohasset, Norfolk 461 
 Coleraine, Franklin 420 
 Concord, Middlesex 456 
 Conway, Franklin 403 
 
 following list is the name of the Post OJict. 
 'ounty, the figures point out the distance from 
 
 Cralgie's mills, Oxford 
 Dalton, Berkshire 277 
 Dartmouth, Bristol 432 
 Dedham, Norfolk 451 
 Deerfield, Hampshire 403 
 Dennis, Barnstable 492 
 Dighton, Bristol 434 
 Douglass, Worcester 393 
 Dracut, Middlesex 466 
 Dudley, Worcester 380 
 Dtixbiirv, Plymouth 463 
 East Bridgewater, 446 
 Eastham, Barnstable, 519 
 Easton, No. 1. Bristol 436 
 Easton, No. 2, Bristol 438 
 East Sudbury, Middlesex 422 
 Edgarton, Dukes 509 
 Factories, Hampden 
 Falmouth, Barnstable 490 
 Feedinghills, Hampshii'e 364 
 J'itchburg, Worcester 450 
 Foxboro', Norfolk 435 
 Framingham, Middlesex 415 
 Freetown, Bristol 448 
 Gerry, Worcester 
 Gloucester, Essex 469 
 Goshen, Hampshire 396 
 Grafton, Worcester 400 
 Granville, Hampshire 368 
 Great Barrington, Berkshire 352 
 Greenfield, Hampshire 406 
 Greenwich, Hampshire 407 
 Groton, Middlesex 472 
 Hadley, Hampshire 388 
 Halifax, Plymouth 466 
 Hamilton, Essex 460 
 Hancock, Berkshire 367 
 Hanover, Plymouth 454 
 Hardwick, Worcester 413 
 Harvard, Worcester 443 
 Harwlck, Barnstable 503 
 Hatfield, Hampshire 390 
 Haverhill, Essex 477 
 K 
 
Heath, Franklin 484 
 Hmgham, Plymo ih 455 
 H nsdale, Btrkshir. 4U8 
 Holdcii, Worcestt-r 402 
 Holmes' Hole, Dukes 506 
 Hunbardstown, Worcester 415 
 Ipswich, Essex 464 
 K iigston, Plymouth 458 
 Lancaster, Worcester 447 
 Lai'.esboro', Berkshire 378 
 Lee, Berkshire 371 
 Leicester, Worcester 388 
 Lenox, Berkshire 366 
 Leominster, Worceste* 439 
 Lexington, Middlesex 449 
 Littleton, Middlesex 465 
 Long Meadow , Hampshire 361 
 Lunenburg, Worcester 452 
 Lynn, Essex 445 
 _M inchester, Essex 461 
 lVl..nsfield, Brstol 
 Murblehead, Essex 456 
 Marlboro', Middlesex 411 
 Marshfield, Plymouth 468 
 Medfield, Norfolk 424 
 Medford, Middlesex 442 
 Medvvay, Norfolk 418 
 Mcndon, Worcester 408 
 Methuen, Essex 484 
 Middleboro, Plymouth 
 Mid'lleboro 4 corners, Plymouth 
 
 441 
 Middhfield, Hampshire 404 
 Middle Granville, Hampshire 401 
 Milbury, Worcester 
 MiHord, Wonester 413 
 Milton, Norfolk 448 
 Monson, Hamp en 375 
 Montague, Franklin 403 
 Nantucket, Nantucket 532 
 Nautick, Middlesex 
 New Bedf ,rd, Bristol 458 
 Newbiaintree, Worcester 
 Newburyport, Essex 475 
 New Marlboro. Berkshire 404 
 New S:ilem, FraiAlin 452 
 Newtown Lower F^Us, Middlesex 
 
 428 
 Nonh Adams, Berkshire 408 
 Northampton, Hampshire 385 
 Northboro, Worcester 405 
 N(irth Bridge. Worcesrer 407 
 Northfield, Hampshire 415 
 Norton, Bristol 448 
 Oakham, Worcester 425 
 Orange, Franklin 
 Orleans, Barnstable 516 
 
 Otis or Bethlehem, Berkshire 38;2 
 Oxford, Worcester 387 
 Palmer, Hampden 382 
 Patuc'ket Bridge, Middlesex 463 
 Paxton, Worcester 
 Pelham, Hampshire 403 
 Peru, Berkshire 
 Petersham, Worcester 425 
 Philips on, Worcester 
 Pittsfield, Berkshire 373 
 Plainficld, H..nipshire 485 
 Plymouth, Plymouth 454 
 Plympton, Plymoiitn 459 
 Princeton, Wi rcestei 433 
 Provincetown, Barnstable 543 
 Quincy, Norfolk 497 
 Randolph, Norfolk 446 
 Reading, Middlesex 471 
 Rehoboth, Bristol 425 
 Richmond, Berkshire 372 
 Rochester, Plymouth 468 
 Rowley, Essex 468 
 Royalton, Worcester 428 
 Rutland, Worcester 407 
 Salem, Essex 450 
 Salisbury, Essex 479 
 Sandisfieid, Berkshire 382 
 Sandwich, Barnstable 472 
 Savoy, Beikshire 410 
 Scituate, Pijirioutli 466 
 Sheffield. Berkshire 146 
 Shirley, Middlesex 480 
 Shrewsbury, Worcester 461 
 Somerst I, B is:ol 430 
 South Brill. field, Hampden 380 
 South Bi idgewatcr, Pljmoiiih 471 
 South Hadley, Hampshire 380 
 Southwick, Hampshire 379 
 Spencer, Worcester 4U3 
 S()ringfield, Hampden 366 
 Stockbridge, B< rksliiit 360 
 Slough' on, Norfolk 453 
 Stow, Middlesex 457 
 Stnrbridge, Worcester 373 
 Siition, Worcester 394 
 S'A-anzey, Bristol 425 
 Tally's "4- Roads, Hampshire 382 
 Taunton, Bristol 430 
 Templeton, Worcester 422 
 Tewksbury, Middlesex 460 
 T'lpsfield. Essex 462 
 Townsend, Middlesex 480 
 Troy, Bristol 438 
 Truro, Barnstable 535 
 Tyngsboio, Middlesex 468 
 Uxbridge, Worcester 402 
 Waltham, Middlesex 
 
e9 
 
 Ware, Hampshire Westford, Middlesex 468 
 
 "Wareham, Flymoiilh 475 Westminster, Woicester 430 
 
 Wirwick, Hanipshirc 439 Weston, Middlesex 425 
 
 Watertown, Middlesex 432 West Port, Bristol 440 
 
 AVebster's Store, Lancaster 115 West Springfield, Hampshire 361 
 
 Wellfleei, Barnstaule 527 West Stockbridge, Berkshire 365 
 
 Wenham, Essex, 457 Weymouth, Norfolk 449 
 
 Went Barnstable, Barnstable Whatley, Frai.klih 39.7 
 
 Westboro, Worcester 404 ' Williamsburg, Hampshire 393 
 
 West Boylestown, Worcester 425 Williamstown, Berkshire 393 
 
 Wfst Bridgevvater, Plymouth 442 Winchendon, Worcester 429 
 
 AVest Brook, Bladen 403 Woburn, Middlesex 448 
 
 West Brookfieid, Worcester 401 Worcester, Worcester 395 
 
 West Cambridge, Middlesex 445 Worthinglon, Hampshire 392 
 
 Wi.stern, Worcester 390 Wrentham, Norfolk 420 
 
 Westfieid, Hampshire 367 Yarmouth. Barnstable 488 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Situation. Between 42° 42' and 45® 13' N.Jat. 
 and 4° 23' and 6° 10' E. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Lower Canada. 
 South, Massachusetts. East, District of Maine 
 and Atlantic Ocean. West, Vermont. 
 
 Extent. From nortli to south, 160 miles; from 
 east to west, 70 miles. 
 
 Area. 8500 square miles, or 5,440,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. On the sea coast, level; in 
 the interior and northern part, mountainous. The 
 White Mountains in this state, computed at 7?1<'S 
 feet above the level of the sea, is the highest land 
 in the United States. 
 
 Rivers. Connecticut, Merrimack, Piscataqua, 
 and Androscoggin. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, ochres, talc, rock crystal, sul- 
 phur, free- stone, lead, black-lead, and copper. 
 
 Soil. Towards the sea coast, sandy ; mountains 
 poor, but » i( \\ valleys among them. 
 
 Produce. Grain, grass, and fruit. 
 
 Climate. Healthy. Winters long and severe. 
 Summers, sometimes very warm. 
 
70 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 Cheshire 
 Coos 
 Grafton 
 Hillsborough 
 
 TownsMpi 
 35 
 24 
 35 
 42 
 
 Rockingham 
 
 45 
 
 Strafford 
 
 31 
 
 Population. 
 
 40,988 
 
 3,991 
 
 28,462 
 
 49,249 
 
 50,175 
 
 41,595 
 
 21i 
 
 214,460 
 
 Chief Towns and Population 
 Ktene tp. 1646 
 Lancaster ip. 717 
 Haverhill tp. 1,105 
 Amherst tp. 1,554 
 
 rCoNcouD tp. 2,393 
 
 < Portsmouth 6,934 
 
 CHlxeter tp. 1,759 
 Dover tp. 2,288 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFFCES. 
 
 JVOTE. — The first 7iamc in the folloiving list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, the fi'gures denote the distance from 
 WashingVm. 
 
 Ackwnrth, Cheshire 466 
 Alstead, Cheshire 460 
 Amherst, Hillsboro 484 
 Andover, Hillsboro 525 
 Antrim, Hillsboro 469 
 Atkinson, Rockmg-liam 483 
 Barringion, Str;<ftord 517 
 Bartlett, Coos 572 
 Bavh, Grafton 545 
 Bedford, H llsboro 487 
 Boscowen, Hillsboro 514 
 Bradford, Hillsboro 514 
 Brentwood, Rockingh.m 521 
 Bridt^ewaier, Grafton 532 
 Canaan, Grafton 513 
 Candia, Rotkingham 513 
 Canterb\;ry, Rockinjjliam 513 
 Centre Harbour, Strafford 552 
 Charleston, Cheshire 459 
 Chester, Rockingham 490 
 Chesterfield, Cheshire 435 
 Claremoni, Cheshire 472 
 Columbia, Coos 570 
 Com p ton, Grafton 548 
 Concord, Rockingham 505 
 Conway, Strafford 55H 
 Cornish, Cheshire 540 
 Dalton, Coos 559 
 Bearing, H llsboro 479 
 Dierfield, Rockini^ham 524 
 Do\er, Strafford 507 
 Dunstable, Hillsboro 474 
 D rhani, Sirafford 501 
 Eau>n, Sirufford 549 
 Enfield, Grafton 507 
 Ejjping, Rurkliigham 499 
 Epsom, Rockingham 517 
 
 Exeter, Rockingham 489 
 Farmington, Straff';rd 522 
 Fitz VVdliam, Cheshire 438 
 Francistown, Hillsboro 496 
 Franconia, Grafton 538 
 Gilmantown, Strafford 523 
 Goffstown, Hillsboro 499 
 Hampstead, Rockingham 488 
 Hampton, Rockingham 487 
 Hampton Falls, Rockingliam 487 
 Hancock, Hdlsboro 465 
 Hanover Grafton 495 
 Haveriiill, Grafton 522 
 Hebron, Grafton 529 
 Henicar, Hillsboro 495 
 Hillsboro, Hillsboro 487 
 Hinsdale, Cheshire 443 
 Hopkinton, Hillsboro 497 
 J :iffr,iy, Cheshire 460 
 J :fterson, Coos 561 
 Keene, Cheshire 445 
 Kingston, Rockingham 512 
 Lancaster, Coob 551 
 Lebanon, Grafton 500 
 Lemster, ( heshire 472 
 Litchfield, Hillsboro 492 
 Littleton, Grafion 563 
 Londonderry, Rockingham 484 
 Lower Gilmanton, Strafford 523 
 Lyme, Grafton 503 
 Madberry, Strafford 517 
 Meredith, Strafford 531 
 Merrimack, Hillsboro 
 Middletown, Strafford 528 
 Moultonboro, Strafford 557 
 New Boston, Hillsboro 
 New Chester, Grafton 527 
 
71 
 
 New Hampton, Strafford 5.33 
 New Ipswich, H'llsboro 4/2 
 New Market, Kockinsjhan! 494 
 Newpoit, Cheshire 528 
 Northfield, Rockingham 530 
 Norili wood, Roikingham 514 
 Nottingham, Rockingham 503 
 Orford, Graftm 515 
 Ossipee, Strafibrd 545 
 Feeling, Grafion 557 
 Pelham, Riickingham 472 
 Pembroke, Rockingliam 510 
 Pelersboro, Hillshoro 464 
 Piermont, Grafton 516 
 Plymouth, Grafton 539 
 Poplin, Rockingham 500 
 Portsmouth, Rockingham 500 
 Riiymond, Rockngham 506 
 Richmond, Cheshire 445 
 Rind.'.e, Cheshire 
 Rochester, Strafford 5l7 
 Romney, Grafton 513 
 
 Salem, Rockingham 484 
 Salisbury, Hillsboro 521 
 Sandbornton, Straflbn! 523 
 Sandwich, Sti afford 57,' 
 South Tamworth, Strafford 563 
 St.-atford, Coos 555 
 Swansey, Cheshire 473 
 Tamworih, S'raftbrd 563 
 Temple, HilLsboro 501 
 Thornton Grafton 552 
 WAefield, Siraffoi-d 539 
 Walpole, Cheshire 447 
 Warner, Hillsboro 505 
 Washington, Cheshire 478 
 Wear, HiUs^oro 487 
 \' entworth. Grafion 538 
 W< stmoreland, Cheshire 422 
 Wilton, Hillsboro 
 Winchester, Cheshire 438 
 W.ndham, Rockingham 488 
 Wolf boro, Strafford 533. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 Situation. Between 4^0° 42' and 45° N. lat. and 
 3° 35' and 5° 27' E. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Lower Canada. 
 South, Massachusetts. East^ New Uampshire. 
 "West, New York. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 15S miles; breadth 
 from east to west, 60 miles. 
 
 Area. 8,700 square miles, or 5,568,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Mostly hilly. An exten- 
 sive chain of mountains runs through the middle, 
 nearly south and north, and abounds with rich 
 valleys and elegant scenery. 
 
 Rivers. Connecticut, Missisque, La Moille. 
 Onion, and Otter Creek. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, lead, copperas, flint, marble, 
 and vitriol. 
 
 Boil. A great part of it good, some very fer- 
 tile. 
 
7« 
 
 Produce.. Nearly the same as New Hampshire^ 
 but more abundant, the stale being more fertile. 
 Climate. Similar to New Hampshire. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Townships. 
 
 Population. 
 
 C/def To-wns and Population. 
 
 Addison 
 
 24 
 
 19,993 
 
 Middlebury 715 
 
 B nniiigton 
 
 16 
 
 15,893 
 
 Bennington 611 
 
 Caledonia 
 
 23 
 
 18,-30 
 
 Danville 771 
 
 Chittenden 
 
 24 
 
 18 120 
 
 Burlington 804 
 
 Essex 
 
 14 
 
 3.'-87 
 
 Gnildl.all 685 
 
 Franklin 
 
 19 
 
 16.427 
 
 St. Albans 7?9 
 
 Grand Isle 
 
 5 
 
 3,445 
 
 North Hero 82 
 
 * Jefferson 
 
 
 
 MONTPELIER 
 
 Ori.iige 
 
 20 
 
 25,247 
 
 Chelsea 745 
 
 Orleans 
 
 23 
 
 5,830 
 
 Craftsbury 832 
 
 R.itUnd 
 
 27 
 
 29,486 
 
 Rutland 658 
 
 Windham 
 
 24 
 
 26,760 
 
 Bratileborongh 786 
 
 Windsor 
 
 23 
 
 34 879 
 
 Windsor 898 
 
 13 
 
 242 
 
 217,895 
 
 Laid out since last Census. 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 jVOTE. — The first 7iame in the fullowing list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, tlw figures denote the distance from 
 Washington. 
 
 Addison, Addison 473 
 Alburg, Franklin 555 
 Arlington, Bennington 411 
 Bakersfield, Franklin 525 
 Barnard, Windsor 484 
 Barnet, Caledonia 529 
 Barre, Washington 524 
 Barton, Orleans 564 
 Bason Harbour, Addison 486 
 Bennington, Benningion 395 
 Benson, Rutland 446 
 Berkshire, Franklin 541 
 Bolton, Cliitlenden 507 
 Bradford, Orange 505 
 Brandon, KiH land 465 
 Brattleboro, Windham 427 
 Bridport, Addison 468 
 Bristol, .\ddison 482 
 Browninglon, O lean^ 571 
 Burke, Caledonia 534 
 Burlington, Chilten len 501 
 Cabot, Caledonia 534 
 Calais, Washington 535 
 
 Cambridge, Franklin 514 
 Canaan, Essex 606 
 Cas leton. Rutland 434 
 Cavendish, Windsor 431 
 Charlotte, Chittenden 490 
 Chelsea, Orange 506 
 Chester, Windsor 447 
 Clarendon, Rutland 435 
 Colchester, Chittenden 524 
 Concord, Essex 544 
 Corinth, Orange 521 
 Craftsbury, Orleans 581 
 Danby, Rutland 433 
 Danville, Caledonia 535 
 Derby, Orleans 579 
 Dorset, Hennington 425 
 Dnmnierstown, Windham 431 
 Enosbiirg, Franklin 532 
 Fairi'as, Franklin 516 ■ 
 Fairfield, Franklin 526 
 Fa rhaven, Rutland 436 
 Fairlee, OrMigt 499 
 Georgia, Franklin 522 
 
73 
 
 Grand Isle, Grand Isle 538 
 Grand Islec.h. Nonli Hero, Grand 
 
 Isie 543 
 Greensboro, Orleans 572 
 Guildhall, Ess^x 574 
 Hancock, Addison 484 
 Hardwick, Caledoiii.i 551 
 Hartford, Wiiuisor 476 
 Hartland, Wi'ulsor, 469 
 Hi^h Gale, Frankl.n 542 
 Hmesbnrg, Chittenden 489 
 Hubbertstown, Rutland 442 
 Hiinlsburg, Franklin 541 
 Hyd.- Park, Orleans 533 
 Ira, Rutland 433 
 Jericho, Chittenden 500 
 Johnston, Franklin 526 
 Ludlow, Windsor 459 
 Lunenburg, Essex 562 
 Lynden, Caledonia 545 
 Manchester, Bennington 419 
 Marlboro, Wiutlhani 425 
 Marshfield, Washington 553 
 MiddKburg, Addison 467 
 Muldletown, Ruiland 428 
 Milton, ChitTendi n 514 
 Mineliead, Easex 581 
 Monklon, Addison 481 
 Montgomery, Franklin 572 
 Monipelier, Caledonia 524 
 Mornsio^' n, Orleans 532 
 Moiintholly, Rutland 460 
 Newbury, Orange 513 
 Newlane, Windham 435 
 Newhaven, Ai.dison 475 
 North Hero c. h. Franklin 543 
 Norwich, Windsor 499 
 Orwell, Rutland 453 
 P^.wlet, R .tland417 
 Peacham, Caledonia 532 
 Pern, Bennington 429 
 Pittsford Rutland 460 
 Plainfitld, Washmgton 580 
 Pljmo th, Windsor 460 
 Po'ulteny, Rutland 428 
 Po nal, Benniny:ton 400 
 Putney, Windham 437 
 
 Randolph, Orange 501 
 Richmond, Chi;t ml n 499 
 Ro<kingh;'.m, Wini.hnni 455 
 Royallon, Winclsui 491 
 Rupori, Bennington 410 
 Rutland, Rutland 441 
 Rjegate, Caledonia 520 
 Salisbury, Addison 474 
 Shaftsbury, Benningvon 403 
 Sharon, Win.ssor 492 
 Shelburn, Chienclen 494 
 Shelnon, Pianklin 532 
 Shoreharn. A>ldison 457 
 Shrewsbury, Rutland 451 
 South Hero, Grand Isl. 524 
 Starksboro, Chittendtn 525 
 Stockbridge, Windsor 460 
 Stow, Chittenden 525 
 St. Albans, Franklin 528 
 St. Johnsburg. Caledonia 538 
 Sudbury, Ru'land 449 
 Sutton, Caledonia 581 
 Swanton, Franklm 536 
 Thetf'ord, Orange 491 
 Townshend, Windham 452 
 Tunbrid^e, OraiiKe 499 
 Vergennes, Addison 480 
 Walden, Caledonia 544 
 Wallingford, R iland 442 
 Wateiburv, Jeflerson 513 
 Waterford or Littleton, Caledonia 
 
 544. 
 Weatherfield, Windsor 468 
 Westford, Caledonia 511 
 West Haven, Rutland 440 
 Weston, 
 
 Wcsimiiister, Windham 445 
 Whcelock, Caledonia 552 
 Whitin;:, Addison 454 
 Wlminghani, Windh.im 423 
 Willi:. ms>on. Orange 513 
 WMliston, Chittenden 497 
 Wilmington, Windh-.m 4LS 
 Windsor, Windsor 463 
 W.'odsiock, Windsor 477 ^ 
 Wolcott, Orleans 543. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 Situation. Between 41° 22' and 42° N. lat. and 
 5° and 5° 50' E. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the North, Massachusetts. 
 South, Atlantic Ocean. East, Massachusetts. 
 West, Connecticut. 
 
74 
 
 Extent. From north to south 48 miles ; from 
 east to west 42. 
 
 Area. InOO square miles, or 960,000 acres. 
 
 I'ace of the country. Ag;reeably uneveOj some 
 placp*. hilly, but not mountainous. 
 
 Hivevs. Providence, Taunton, Patuxet. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, limestone, marble, coal, some 
 copper, and loadstone. 
 
 boil. Various, a a;reat proportion rocky. 
 
 Produce. Same as Massachusetts. 
 
 Climate. Very healthy. Nearly the same as 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Toionships. 
 
 Popiilction. 
 
 Chief Towns and Population. 
 
 Bristol 
 
 3 
 
 5,972 
 
 Bri.Mol 2,692 
 
 Kent 
 
 4 
 
 9,834 
 
 Warwick 
 
 JSevvport 
 
 7 
 
 16,294 
 
 Newport 7,907 
 
 Provi>ience 
 
 10 
 
 30,769 
 
 Providence 10.071 
 
 Washington 
 
 7 
 
 14,962 
 
 S. Kingston 
 
 76,931 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 ^VOTE. — The first name in the following list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the Connty, tlie figures deiw/e the distance from 
 Wasiiinsrton. 
 
 Harrington, Bristol 414 
 Brisiol, Br.s'ol 424 
 Charleston, Washington 388 
 (Jhepackft, Piovidence 449 
 East GreenwichjKent 423 
 FostL-r, Proviileuce 423 
 Pulling Mills, Kent 410 
 Hopkinion, Washington 387 
 Little Compton, Newport 440 
 Little Rest, Washington 403 
 Newport, Newpori 419 
 Pawtucket Falls, Providence 420 
 
 Pawtuxet, Kent 415 
 Portsmouth, Newport 428 
 Providence, Providence 416 
 Rirhniond, Washingion 506 
 Scituate, Providence 397 
 Smilhfield Providence 420 
 South Kingston, Washington 407 
 Tiverton, Newport 431 
 Warren. Bristol 420 
 Westerly, W;ishii.gton 380 
 Wickford, Washingtsn 411. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Situation. Between 41° and 42° N. lat. and 3° 
 20' and 5° E. long. 
 
75 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Massachusetts. 
 South, Long Island Sound. East, Rhode Island. 
 West, New York. 
 
 Extent. From north to south SO miles ; from 
 east to west 80. 
 
 Area. 4000 square miles, or 2,560,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Agreeably uneven, and 
 beautifully diversified. Towards the north-west, 
 
 hilly. 
 
 Mivers. Connecticut, Thames, and Housotonic. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, lead, copper, zinc, and some 
 pit coal. 
 
 Soil. Various, a considerable portion of it good. 
 
 Produce. Wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, barley, 
 flax, hemp, &c. 
 
 Climate. Subject to sudden changes from heat 
 to cold, but healthy and agreeable. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Coniiiies. 
 Fairfield 
 Hartford 
 Litchfield 
 Middlesex 
 New Haven 
 New London 
 Tolland 
 Windham 
 
 8 
 
 To-uns/iips. 
 17 
 18 
 22 
 7 
 17 
 13 
 10 
 15 
 
 119 
 
 Pijpiddtion. 
 40.950 
 44,733 
 41,375 
 20,723 
 37,064 
 
 13.779 
 28,611 
 
 Cliit'f Towns and Population. 
 Fairfield 
 Hautford 3,995 
 Litchfield 
 Middletown 2,014 
 New Haven 5,772 
 New London 3,238 
 Tolland 1,638 
 Windham 500 
 
 261,942 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JYOTE. — The first name in the folloiving list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, ilie figures denote the distance from 
 
 JVashington. 
 
 Andover, Tolland 358 
 Ashford, W^indham 369 
 Barkhampstead, Litchfield 368 
 Berlin, Hartford 327 
 Bethlehem, Litchfield 326 
 Bolton, Tolland 355 
 Bradlej'sville, Litchfield 329 
 
 Brandford, New Haven 311 
 Bridgeport, Fairfield 286 
 Bristol, Hartford 331 
 Brookfield, Fairfield 305 
 Brooklyn, Windham 377 
 Burlington, Hartford 342 
 Canaan, Litclifield 350 
 
76 
 
 Oatilerbiiry, Wnidham 371 
 Canlon or West Simsbuiy, Ilart- 
 
 f»rd 351 
 Chelsea Landing', New London 371 
 (Cheshire, New Haven 318 
 Chester, Middlesex 348 
 Col( hester, New Lonrlon 351 
 Colebrook, Litchfield 375 
 Coll mbia, Windham 354 
 Cornwaii, Litchfield 439 
 Cornwall Bridj^e, Li'chfield 333 
 Coven iry, Tolland 354 
 Da Ijury, Fairfield 297 
 Deiby,New Haven 313 
 Dnihum, New Haven 324 
 Ivist Guilford, New Haven 325 
 Kast Haddam, Middlesex 344 
 East Hdrtfbrd, Harttord 339 
 East Windsor, H.u-tford 347 
 Ellswonh, Litchfield 325 
 Enfield, Hariford 355 
 Fairfield, Fairfield 282 
 Farmington, Hartfijrd 334 
 Franklin, New London 370 
 Glastenbiiry, Hartfi^rd 343 
 Gosh.Mi, Litchfield 335 
 Granby, Hariford 360 
 Greenwich, Fairfield 259 
 Groton, New London 359 
 Giidtbrd, New Haven 320 
 Iladdam, Middlesex 347 
 Hart ford, Hartford 338 
 Hartland, Liichfield 368 
 HavwiiUon, Lilci. field 336 
 Hebron, Tolland 349 
 Hnn.phreysville, New Haven 315 
 Hum ng-ton, Fairfitld302 
 Jewett'.s city. New London 379 
 Kent, Litchfield 325 
 Killingby, Windham 387 
 Killingsworth, Middlesex 329 
 Lebanon, Windham 359 
 Litchfield, Litchfield 329 
 Lvme, New London 342 
 Mansfield, Windham 361 
 Marlboro, Hartford 343 
 Mendan, New Haven 320 
 Middleburg, New Haven 329 
 Middle Haddam, Middlesex 336 
 Middletown, Middlesex 330 
 Middletown Upper Houses, Mid- 
 dlesex 332 
 Milford, New Haven 294 
 Mystic River, New London 382 
 New Hartford. Litchfield 349 
 New Haven, New Haven 304 
 New London, New London 338 
 
 New Milford, Litchfield 313 
 New Salem, New London 
 Newiown, Fairfieid 306 
 Norfolk, Litchfield 358 
 Northford, New^ Haven 314 
 Northington, Hartford 347 
 North S'onington,NewLondon380 
 Norwolk, Fiirfield 273 
 Norwich, New London 367 
 Orford, Hartford 321 
 Oxford, New Haven 348 
 I'lainfield, Windham 386 
 Plymouth, Plymouth 325 
 Pomfret, Windham 386 
 Preston, New London 378 
 Heading, Fairfield 285 
 Reading town house, Fairfield 290 
 Ridgefi'eld, Fairfield 282 
 Ripton, Fairfielu 298 
 River Head, New London 351 
 Rocky Hill, Hartford 338 
 Salisbury, Litchfield 337 
 Saugatuck, Fairfield 276 
 Saybrook, Middlesex 338 
 Scotland Society, Windham 
 Sharon, Litchfield 329 
 Simsbury, Hariford 352 
 Southbury, Litchfield 322 
 South Canaan, Litchfield 345 
 Sou'.h Farms, Litchfield i 
 
 Southington, Hartford 325 
 StaflTord Sprngs, Tolland 364 
 Stamford, Fairfield 264 
 Sterling, Windham 390 
 Stonington, New London 373 
 Stratford, Fairfield 290 
 Siiffield, Hartford 355 
 Thomson, Windham 386 
 Tolland, Tolland 356 
 Toringford, Litchfield 343 
 Torrington, Litchfield 339 
 Tnimbull, Fairfield 291 
 Vernon, Tolland 347 
 Wallingford, New Haven 314 
 Warehouse Point, Hartford 339 
 Warren, Litchfield 338 
 Washington, Litchfield 321 
 Waterbury, New Haven 325 
 Watertown, Litchfield 319 
 Weathersfield, Hartford 341 
 Willtown (parish), Fairfield 279 
 Winchester, Litchfield 365 
 Windham, W^indham 361 
 Windsor, Hartford 345 
 Wintonbury, Hartford 347 
 ^V'o^l(lbnry, Li clifielil 316 
 Woodstock, Windham 382 
 
77 
 
 NEW YOllK. 
 
 Situation. Between 40° 33' and 45° N. lat. and 
 3° 43 E. and 2° 43' W. Ions;. 
 
 Boundaries. On the ncu'tli, Lake Ontario and 
 Canada. South, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and 
 the Atlantic Ocean. East, Vermont, Massachu- 
 setts, and Connecticut. West, Upper Canada, 
 Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 198 miles ; from 
 east to west 3n6. 
 
 Area. 46,000 square miles, or 28,440,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Exhibits a great variety. 
 To the south-east, the surface is agreeaMy uneven. 
 In the middle, mountainous. To the north-west, 
 undulating. Flat towards the lakes, and hilly to- 
 wards the southern extremity. 
 
 Rivers. Hudson, Mohawk, Oswego, and Gene- 
 see. The great river St. Lawrence is on the north, 
 and the head waters of the Susquehannah, Dela- 
 ware, and Allegany rivers, are in the south. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, lead, copper, zinc, marble, 
 freestone, limestone, slate, plaster of Paris, talc, 
 sulphur, and some coal and silver. 
 
 Soil. Very various, a great proportion of it good, 
 particularly in the western part of the state. 
 
 Produce. Wheat is the staple. Corn, oats, bar- 
 ley, rye, flax, hemp, fruit, &c. 
 
 Climate. In the south-east, very changeable. 
 Among the mountains, the winters are long and se- 
 vere. To the westward more temperate and agree- 
 able. 
 
78 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Cuuntics. 
 Albany 
 Alle.ejhany 
 Broome 
 
 * Cattaraugus 
 Cayuga 
 
 * Cliatauque 
 Cheiiingo 
 Cliruon 
 Columbia 
 Courtlandt 
 Delaware 
 Duchess 
 Essex 
 Franklin 
 Genesee 
 Greene 
 Herkimer 
 JcfTcrsou 
 Kings 
 
 Lew IS 
 Madison 
 Monti^omery 
 New York 
 Niagara 
 
 * Putnam 
 Oneida 
 Onondaga 
 Ontario 
 Orange 
 Ostego 
 Queens 
 
 111 nssellaer 
 
 Rii hmond 
 
 Rockland 
 
 Saratoga 
 
 Schenectady 
 
 Schoharie 
 
 Seneca 
 
 Steuben 
 
 St Lawrence 
 
 Suffolk 
 
 Sullivan 
 
 Tioga 
 
 Ulster 
 
 * Warren 
 Washington 
 West Chester 
 
 47 
 
 Townships. 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 10 
 
 2 
 14 
 
 5 
 11 
 
 6 
 1.4 
 16 
 11 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 7 
 10 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 11 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 26 
 13 
 24 
 11 
 21 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 13 
 
 21 
 21 
 
 452 
 
 Population 
 34,661 
 1,942 
 8,130 
 
 29,843 
 
 21,704 
 
 " 8,002 
 
 32,390 
 
 8,869 
 
 20,303 
 
 51,363 
 
 9,477 
 
 2,617 
 
 12 588 
 
 19,536 
 
 22,046 
 
 15.140 
 
 8,303 
 
 6,433 
 
 25,144 
 
 41,214 
 
 96,373 
 
 8,971 
 
 33,792 
 
 25,987 
 
 42,032 
 
 34,374 
 
 38,802 
 
 19.336 
 
 36,309 
 
 5,347 
 
 7,758 
 
 33,147 
 
 10,201 
 
 18,945 
 
 16,609 
 
 7,246 
 
 7,885 
 
 21,113 
 
 6,108 
 
 7.899 
 
 26,576 
 
 44,289 
 30,272 
 
 Chief Towns and Population. 
 A LB am: 9,356 
 Angelica tp. 4,39 
 Chenango tp. 225 
 Olean tp. 458 
 Auburn tp. 500 
 Chatauqut tp. 1,039 
 Norwich 225 
 Flatts')urg tp. 3,112 
 Hudson 4,048 
 Homer 350 
 Delhi tp. 2,396 
 Poughkeepsie 1 800 
 Elizabethtown tp. 1,362 
 Ezravillc 767 
 Batavia 200 
 Ca' skill 1000 
 Herkimer tp. 475 
 Watertown 250 
 Flatbush tp. 1,159 
 Mariinsbuvg 150 
 Cazenovia 500 
 Johnstown 705 
 New Yoik 96,373 
 Buffalo 500 
 
 Utica 1,500 
 Onondaga 525 
 Canandaigua 685 
 Newburg 2,000 
 Ostego 550 
 
 Northenipstead tp. 2,750 
 Tro) 2,640 
 Richmond 100 
 Clarkstown tp. 1,996 
 Saratoga 
 
 Schenectady 2,000 
 Schoharie 125 
 Ovid tp. 4,535 
 Bath 250 
 Ogdensbui'g 350 
 lliveriieud tp. 1,711 
 Thomson tp. 1,300 
 Spencer 1p. 3,128 
 Kingston 750 
 
 Salem 280 
 Bedford t p. 2,374 
 
 959,049 
 
 T.aid out since last Census. 
 
79 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 ,YOTE. — The Jirst name in the fallowing list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
 rt'asMnglon. 
 
 Adams, Jefferson 461 
 
 Albany, Albany 356 
 
 AU'ied, Alleghany 
 
 Amtnia, Duchess 323 
 
 Amenia Union Society, Duchess 
 
 392 
 Amity, Orange 257 
 Amsterdam, Montgomery 392 
 Angelica, Steuben 337 
 Antwerp, Jefferson 474 
 Argyje, W.ishmgton 403 
 Arkport, Steuben 323 
 Athens, Greene 335 
 Attica, Genesee 440 
 Attlebury, Duchess 352 
 Avon, Ontario 366 
 Augusta, Oneida 409 
 Auburn or Aurelins, Cayuga 385 
 Aurora, Cayuga 378 
 Bainbndge, Chenango 329 
 BaldwinsviUe, Onondaga 453 
 Ballstown, Saratoga 390 
 
 Bristol, Ontario 374 
 
 Broadalbin, Montgomery 493 
 
 Brookfield, Madison 348 
 
 Broukhaven, Suffolk 306 
 
 Brooklyn, Kings 228 
 
 Broom or Bristol, Schohi;rie 381 
 
 Brownsville, Jefferson 477 
 
 Brutus, Cavuga 400 
 
 Buffalo, Niagara 431"' 
 
 Burlington, Otsego 366 
 
 Buskirk's Bridge, Washington 432 
 
 Butternut, Otsego 353 
 
 Cairo or Canton, Greene 340 
 
 Caldwell or Fort George, Washing- 
 tcm 415 
 
 Caledonia, Genesee 378 
 
 Cambray or Governeur, St. Law- 
 rence 510 
 
 Cambridge, Washington 380 
 
 Camden, Oneida 429 
 
 Camillus, Onondaga 400 
 
 Campbell Town, Steuben 288 
 
 Ballstown Springs, Saratoga 393 Canaan, Columbia 356 
 
 Bangor, Franklin 612 
 
 Batavia, Gt-nese^ 391 
 
 Baih, Steuben 295 
 
 B ardslej's Store, Cayuga 377 
 
 BeckiViansviUe, Schoharie 376 
 
 Bedford, West Chester 272 
 
 Bengal, Oneida 423 
 
 Biiijaminville, Duchess 299 
 
 Bcnion, Ontario 339 
 
 Bergen, Genesee 437 
 
 Berkshire or Westville, Broome 
 
 331 
 Bern, Albany 397 
 Bethany, Genesee 397 
 Bethel, Sullivan 307 
 Be.hlehem, Albany 357 
 Beitsburg, Chen^nt(o 307 
 Big Flat, Tioga 288 
 Blenheim, Schoharie 372 
 Bloominj; Grove, Orange 258 
 Bloomingsburg, Sullivan 283 
 Bolton, Washington 518 
 Boonvdle, Oneida 422 
 Boyle, Ontario 396 
 
 Canadaway, Chatauque 404 
 Canajoharie Bridge, Montgomcrv 
 
 418 
 Canandaigua, Ontario 365 
 Canasaraga, Madison 425 
 Candor, Tioga 328 
 Caneadea, Alleghany 
 Canisteo, Steuben 318 
 Canterbury, Orange 
 Canton, St. Lawrence 507 
 Cape Vincent, Jefferson 498 
 Carlisle, Scholiarii 384 
 Carmansboro', Suffolk 
 Carmel, Putnam 314 
 Caroline or Speedwell, Tioga 34S 
 Can h age, Jefferson 
 Castleion, Uichmond 220 
 Casil<-ton, Henssellaer 357 
 Carpenter's Point, Orange 269 
 Cataragus, Chatauque 469 
 Catchougc, Suffolk 
 Catharinestown, Tioga 319 
 Cato, Cayuga 395 
 Catskill, Greene 330 
 
 Brainard's Bridge, Rensselaer 409 Caughnewaga, Montgomery 406 
 Breakabeen, Schoharie Cayus^a, Cayuga 263 
 
 Bridgehamplon, Suffolk 336 Cuzi novia, Madison 386 
 
 Bridgewater, Oneida 401 Champion, Jefferson 460 
 
80 
 
 Champlain, Clinton 536 
 Charleston, Montgomery 412 
 Charlotte, Genesee 406 
 Charlton, Saratoga 401 
 Ch..taugh(iiie, Niagara 439 
 Chatcaugay, Franklin 386 
 Chatham, Columbia 350 
 
 East Bloomfield, Ontario 37S 
 East Clu ster, Wes'. Cht-ster 245 
 E.St liamiton, Suffolk 347 
 Easion, Washington 384 
 Eaton, Madison 362 
 Ednieston, Oisego 185 
 Elbridge, Oi ondiiga 395 
 
 Ch itham Four Corneis, Columbia Elizabeth c. h , Essex 486 
 
 346 
 
 Cliaumont, Jefferson 487 
 Chazy, Clinton 529 
 Chemung, Tioga 308 
 Chenang Forks, Broome 315 
 Chenang Point, Broome 295 
 Cherrv Valley, Otsego 384 
 Ciiester, Warren 439 
 Chester, Orange 266 
 Cliesterfield, Essex 497 
 Cincinnalus, (Jourtlandl 354 
 Clarence, Niagara 412 
 Clarkeston, Rockland 261 
 Clement, Columb. . 325 
 Clinion, Oneida 310 
 Cobleskill, Scholiarie 394 
 Cochecton, Sullivan 317 
 Coeyman's, Albany 349 
 Colchester, Delaware 368 
 Colesville, Broome 300 
 Columbia, St Lawrence 522 
 Columbus, Chenango 356 
 Constable, Franklin 605 
 Cooper's town, Otsego 377 
 Courilandt, Courtland; 383 
 Corutlandt, < ayuga 385 
 Coshecton, Sullivan 326 
 Coventry, Chenango 333 
 Coxsackie, Greene 341 
 Cross River, West Ght- ster 281 
 Crown Point, Essex 452 
 Cutchoque, Suffolk 340 
 Danby, Tioga 335 
 Danville, Steuben 338 
 Dear Park, Orange 179 
 Dekalb, St. L;.wrence 503 
 Delhi, Delaware 454 
 Delphi, Onondaga 300 
 
 EUisDurg, Jefi'erson 501 
 Eimira or Niwiown, Tioga 298 
 Esparanca. Schoharie 384 
 Essex, Essex 482 
 Exeier, Otsego 398 
 Fabiiis, Onondai-a 375 
 Fairfield, Herkimer, 481 
 Fair Vale or North Granville, 
 
 W .shington 423 
 F .Us River, Bristol 
 Farmer, Sentca 
 Fireplace, Suffolk 298 
 Fishkill, Duchess 286 
 Fishkill Landing, I)'ichess283 
 Flat Bush, Kings 233 
 Florida, Orange 258 
 Florida, Montgomery 255 
 Fort Ann, Washmgion 4l6 
 Fort Edward, Washint;t..i! 404 
 Fort Millti, Washington 394 
 Franklin, Delaware 346 
 French Mills, Clmton 575 
 Galen, Ont;irio 401 
 Galway, Sarato.i^a 410 
 Garretsvill. , Otieg' 361 
 Genesee c. Ii , st-e Batavia 
 Genesee, Ontai io 356 
 GenevK, Ontario 349 
 Genoa or Salmon Creek, Cayuga 
 
 362 
 German, Chenango 350 
 Glennville, Wash iigum 428 
 Go 'ham, Ontario 366 
 Goslien, Orange 261 
 Granvdle, Washnj^ton 410 
 Great Sodus, Ontario 413 
 Greenbush, Rensselae; 357 
 Greene, Chenango 314 
 
 DenmarkorHarrisburg, Lewis 450 Greenfield, Saratoga 403 
 
 Deposit, Delaware 331 
 Deruyler, Madison 365 
 Dixhill's, Suffolk 277 
 Dover, Duchess 320 
 Drown Meadow, Suffolk 303 
 Dryden, Cayuga 377 
 Duanesburg, Schenectady 376 
 Dunning St., Saratoga 386 
 Dutch Settlement, Tioga 535 
 
 Greensbiirg, West Chester 253 
 Greenville, Greene 349 
 Greenwich nr Whipple City, Wasli- 
 
 ington 391 
 Groveland, Ontario 368 
 Guil.ierland, Albany 368 
 Hadley, Saratoga 413 
 Hague, Washington 437 
 Hamburg, Niagara 436 
 
 Durham or Freehold, Greene 374 Hamburg, Sussex 331 
 
81 
 
 Hamburg on the Lake, Niagara 436 Lewistown, Niagara 461 
 
 H nuilon, Mudison 361 Lexington, Greene 358 
 
 Hampton, Oneida 403 Leyden, Lewis 426 
 
 Hancock, Delaware 325 Lima or Charleston, Ontario 374 
 
 Hanibal, Cayuga 407 Lindslaytown, Steuben 267 
 
 Hardenb'.rg Mills, Delaware 380 Lisbnrn, St. Lawrence 550 
 
 Hailent, New York 234 
 Harpersfield, Delaware 370 
 Hai-tfbrd, W>shington 415 
 Harlland, 
 
 Hartwick, Otsego 378 
 Havers 1 raw, Rockland 271 
 Head of Cow Neck, Queens 256 
 Hebron, Washington 411 
 Hector, Seneca 327 
 Hempstead, Queens 250 
 
 L sle. Broome 306 
 Litclifield, Heikiner 404 
 Litile Falls, Herkinitr 414 
 Liverpool, Onondag 445 
 Livinj^sion, Columbia 337 
 Livonia, Ontario 356 
 Livingstonville, Schoharie 
 Locke, Cayuga 389 
 Lorraine, Jefferson 439 
 Louisville, St. Lawrence 568 
 
 Henderson Harbour, Jefferson 512 Lowville, Lewis 444 
 
 Herkimer, Herkimer 407 
 Hillsdale, Columbia 353 
 Hollow, Duchess 313 
 Homer> Courtlandt 383 
 Hoiieoye, Ontario 363 
 Hoosick, Renssi laer 406 
 Hopkinton, St. Lawrence 595 
 Hudson, Columbia 336 
 Huntington, Suffolk 270 
 Huntington (South), Suffolk 263 
 Hyde Park, Duchess 307 
 Indian Fields, Cayuga 
 Ingersoll's Store, Seneca 370 
 Islip, Suffolk 276 
 Itbica, Seneca 347 
 Jaiksi.n, Washington 698 
 Jamaica, Queens 240 
 Jamestown. Chatuuque 
 Jay, Essex 499 
 Jericho, Q leens 251 
 Jolinson's Settlement, Tioga 323 
 Johnstown, Montgomery 408 
 Junius, Seneca 358 
 Keene, Essex 323 
 Kelloggsville, Cayuga 396 
 Kilkenny, St. Lawrente 479 
 K.ndei-hook, Columbia 350 
 Kmderhook Landing, Columbia 
 
 347 
 Kingsbury, Washington 432 
 
 Luzerne, Warren 445 
 Lyons, Ontario 362 
 Mddison, Madison 368 
 Madrid, St Lawrence 531 
 Malone or Harrison, Fi anklin 567 
 Mamaroneck, West Chester 253 
 Manchester, Niagara 462 
 Manchester, Ontario 382 
 Manchester, Oneida 
 Manheim, Montgomery 421 
 Manlius, Onond..ga 394 
 Marcellus, Onondaga 385 
 Marietta, Oiot-daga 385 
 MartinsitUi'g, Lewis 441 
 Maryland, O sego 312 
 Masonsv.lle. Del ware 291 
 Massena, St. Lawrence 573 
 Mattituck, Suffolk 333 
 Mayville, Chatauque 422 
 Mechanicsville, Saratoga 374 
 Meredith, Delaware 360 
 Mendnn, Ontario 366 
 Menton, Cayuga 392 
 Mentz, Cayuga 389 
 Middleburg, Schoharie 
 MiddlebiTg Genesee 363 
 Middlefielil, Otsego 392 
 Middlesex, Ontario 359 
 Middletown, Delaware 351 
 Milan, Cayuga 
 
 K ug's Ferry (Milton),Cayuga 384 Milford, Otsego 359 
 
 K:ngston, Ulster 306 
 Knappsburg, Chenango 333 
 Koriwright, Delaware 363 
 Lansingburg, Rensselaer 365 
 Lasselisvdie, Montg.imery 486 
 Leicester, G nesee 368 
 Lenox, Madison 434 
 Le R lysville, Jeffersoh 422 
 Le Roy, Genesee 
 
 Milton or King's Ferry, Cayuga 386 
 Minden, Montgomery 448 
 Minesink, Orange 
 Moira, Franklm 560 
 Monroe Woiks, Orange 268 
 Monticello, SiiUivi.n 310 
 Moreau, Saratoga 410 
 Moriah, Essex 459 
 Monche's, Suffolk 301 
 
Morris's Flatts, Madison 373 
 Moirisiown, St. Lawrence 
 Mo' nt Hope, Orange 275 
 
 Owasco, Cayuga 389 
 Owego, Tioga 317 
 Oxford, Chenango 328 
 
 Mount Pleasant, West Chester 265 Oxford Furnace, Sussex 218 
 Mount Upton, 353 Oyster Bay, Queens 263 
 
 Muiuoe or Soutlifield, Orange 251 Oyster Buy South, Queens 
 
 Murray, Genesee 399 
 
 Nanric.okf, Br- ome 301 
 
 Naplts, Jefferson 473 
 
 Naples Village, Ontario 
 
 Na.-.biJU, Rensselaer 367 
 
 Nelson, Madison 373 
 
 New rialiimore, Greene 375 
 
 New Berlin, Chennngo 355 
 
 Newburg, Orange 281 
 
 New Hal iford, Oneida 388 
 
 New Haven, O.'ieida 
 
 New Lebanon, Columbiana 364 
 
 New Lisbon or Pittsficld, Otsego 
 
 357 
 Nfw Paltz, Ulster 390 
 Newpor!, Herkimer 428 
 New Rochelle, West Chester 246 
 New York City, New Yoi k. ^27 
 Niagara, Niagara 468 
 Norvh A.mer!C!t, Duchess 330 
 Noi'ihampton, Monti^omery 425 
 North Boiitoii, Ontario 
 North CastU', West Chester 265 
 Norih Easi, Duchess 300 
 North Hempstead, Qut ens 256 
 North Norwich, Chenango 349 
 Norlhum!)erland, Saratoga 392 
 Nor '\ ay, Herkimer 442 
 Norwich, Cnenango 337 
 Ninida, xMleghany 
 Oak Hill, Greene 
 Oak Orchard, 
 
 Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence 522 
 Oil Springs, Caiaragus 
 Olean, Cataragus 
 Oneida, 
 
 Onondaga, Ononciaga 394 
 Onondaga c. h., Onondaga 
 OpiJenheim, Montgomery 414 
 Oquago, Broome 327 
 Oran, Onondaga 
 Orangetown, Rockland 
 Orreskanny, Oneida 403 
 Orvilie, Onondaga 
 Oswego, Onondaga 421 
 Oswego Falls, Oneida 421 
 Otsego, Otsego 361 
 Otisco, Onondaga 388 
 Otsego, see Cooperstown 
 Outlet Chatauga lake, Chatauga 
 Orid, Seneca 338 
 
 Painted Post, Steuben 280 
 Palatine, Montgomery 421 
 Palatine Bridge, Mont.yomery 
 Palmertown, Saratoga 404 
 Palmyra, Ontario 377 
 Paoli, Orange 
 Paris, Oneida 382 
 Paris F'irnace, Oneida 395 
 Parishville, St. Lawrence 628 
 Parma, Genesee 402 
 Patchogue, Suffolk 289 
 Patterson, Putnam 304 
 Pauling, Duchess 310 
 Peekskill, West Chester 278 
 Pembroke, Genesee 408 
 Penfield, Ontario 391 
 
 Perr}', Genesee 
 Peru, Clinton 503 
 Petersboro', Madison 399 
 Pharsalia, Chenango 347 
 Phelps, Ontario 354 
 Philips, Putnam 
 Philipsburg, Orange 265 
 Pittsfield, see New Lisbon 
 
 Pittsford, Ontario 385 
 
 Pi istown, Rensselaer 401 
 
 PUi infield, O'sego 395 
 
 Plat sburg, Clinton 515 
 
 Pleasant Valley, Du hess 313 
 
 Plymouth, Chenango 415 
 
 Pomt'ret or Fredonia, Chatauquc 
 401. 
 
 Pompey, Onondaga 404 
 
 Pompey Wist Hill, Onondaga 406 
 
 Poplar Ridge, Cayuga 
 
 Portland, Chalauque 
 
 Po!sdam, Si. Lawrence 532 
 
 Poughkeepsie, Duchess 289 
 
 Preble, Courtlandt 
 
 Prince; on Schenectady 
 
 Piiltney, Steuben 352 
 
 Pultneyville, Ontario 404 
 
 Queens c. h., 
 
 Rampo Works, Rockland 260 
 
 Randolph, Broome 
 
 Reading, Steuben 
 
 Redhook, Duchess 317 
 
 Ramsen, Oneida 409 
 
 Rensselaerville, Albany 3S0 
 
 Rhinebeck, Duchess 311 
 
 Richfield, Otsego 400 
 
Richland, Oneida 
 Ridgevvay, Genesee 
 Rid}^ebiiry, Orange 
 Riga, Genese-e 400 
 Ripley, Ciiatatii^ay 
 Rochester, Genesee 396 
 Rochester, Ontario 393 
 Riig-eis' Mills, Saratoga 239 
 Rome, Oneida 407 
 Riimnlds, Seneca 340 
 RoseviUe, Delaware 385 
 R'iscommon, Steuben 312 
 Rossit Iron Works, St. Lawrence 
 
 510 
 Rotterdam, Oneida 439 
 Roxbury, Dflawar- 400 
 Russel, St- Lawrence 495 
 Russia, Hirikimer 418 
 Rutland, Jetiferson 466 
 Rye, West Chester 254 
 Sackett's Harbo.a-, Jefferson 473 
 Sag Harbour, Siiflblk 340 
 Salem, Washington 402 
 Salina, Onondaga 399 
 Salisbury, Montgomery 431 
 Salisbury, Orange 274 
 Sandy Hill, Washinston 405 
 Sandy Lake, Rensselaer 366 
 Saiigerfield Oneula 375 
 Saratoga, Saratoga 386 
 Sar.itoga Springs, S.u-atoga 398 
 Sat cket, Suffolk 296 
 Saiigtrtiis, Ulster 34-7 
 Saw Pitt, West Chester 
 Schagliticoke, Rensselaer, 375 
 Schenectady, Schenectady 377 
 Schodac Landing, Columbia 353 
 Sciiohane Bridge, Schoharie 384 
 
 Schoharie c h., Sfhoharie 388 
 
 Scipio, Cayuga 384 
 
 Scononda, Oiiei ia417 
 
 Scriba, Oneida 453 
 
 Sempronius, Cayuga 394 
 
 Seneca Falls, Seneca 
 
 Shandakin, Ulster 330 
 
 Sharon or Durl.ick, Schoharie 384 
 
 Shawngunk, Ulster 280 
 
 Sheldon, Genesee 454 
 
 Sherburn, Chenantro 347 
 
 Sidney PI ins. Delaware 336 
 
 Skeneailess, Onondaga 379 
 
 Skfoon Lake, Washington 444 
 
 S'tiithsf>orn'. Tioga 316 
 
 Smith's Mills. Ontario 325 
 
 Smithtown, S.ffnlk 285 
 
 Smyrna, Chenango 347 
 
 Sodus, Ontario 378 
 
 Solon, Courtlandt 372 
 Somers, West Chester 308 
 Southampton, Suffolk 329 
 South East, Duchess 294 
 Soiithfield, see Munroe 
 South German, Chenungo 
 Sou' hhold, Suffolk 341 
 Soflth Harpersfield, Delaware 412 
 South Nnnda, Alleghany 
 South Salem W> s>' Chester 263 
 Spuria, (Jniano 355 
 SpeedsvUle, Tioga 353 
 Speiiier c. ii , Spencer 336 
 S|)encer, 'I'loga 359 
 Spencertowii, Columbia 352 
 Springfield, Otsego 390 
 Siaatsburg, Duchess 305 
 Stamford, Delaware 373 
 Stephentown, Ri-nssellaer 375 
 Stillwater, Saratoga 378 
 Stockholm, St. Lawrence 545 
 SuBolkch., Suffolk 318 
 Sullivan, Madison 414 
 Sunderland, Franklin 
 Taberg, Oneida 422 
 Tuppan, Rockland 254 
 Thurman, Washington 424 
 Ticonderoija, Essex 443 
 Tioga, Broome 
 Tomhannock, Rensselaer 375 
 Tompkins, Delaware 356 
 Trenton, Oneida 406 
 Troupville, Ontario 378 
 Troy, Rensselaer 362 
 Trumansburg, Seneca 380 
 Tnixton or Fabms, Courtlandt 373 
 Tully, Onondaga 
 Turin, Lewis 452 
 Una<lilla, Os'Cge 337 
 Unicorn, Broome 296 
 Union Springs, Cayuga 411 
 Utic.a, Oneda 392 
 Vernon, Oneida 401 
 Vernon, Sussex 256 
 Verona, Oneida 415 
 Victor, Ontario 375 
 Virgil, Courtlandt 364 
 Wailkill, Orange 265 
 Walton, Delaware 350 
 Wapponger's Creek, Duchess 31'5 
 Ward's Bridi^e, Orange 278 
 Wardw'dl, Jefferson 
 Warren, Herkimer 425 
 Wursaw, Genesee 413 
 Waierville, Delaw..re 381 
 Warwick, Orange 250 
 Washington, Duchess 33© 
 M 
 
8-1 
 
 Waterford, Saratoga 366 Whitesboro, Oneida 596 
 
 Wiitertowii, .leflTcrson 472 Williamston Oneida 470 
 
 West Ulooiufifld, Ontario 277 WilliamsviUe, Niagara 470 
 
 West Farms, West Chester 239 Wdlink, Niagara 449 
 
 Weslhufnpton, Suffolk 313 Wdlsboro', Essex 487 
 
 West Nortli Kast, Uuchess 346 Wilna, Jefferson 464 
 
 West Poini, Orange Windham, Greene 352 
 
 West I'ort, Essex 471 Wolcott, Cuyiiga 
 
 West lliver, Oiita;-io 363 Woodstock, Ulster 
 
 West Town, Orange 276 Worcester, Otsego 
 
 White Hall, VVashin;;toii 427 Younker's, West Chester247 
 
 White Lake, Sullivan 305 Youngstown, Niagara. 
 Wliite Plains, West Chester 256 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Situation. Between 38° 56' and 41° 20' N. lat. 
 and 1° 33' and 3° 5' E. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, New York. South, 
 Delaware Bay. East, New York, and the Atlan- 
 tic Ocean. West, Pennsylvania and Delaware. 
 
 Extent. 138 miles long, and 50 miles broad. 
 
 ,Area. 6f)0 square miles, or 4.321,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. On the sea coast sandy 
 and level. In the interior agreeably uneven. To 
 the north-west high lands approaching to moun- 
 tains. 
 
 Rivers. Delaware, Rjiriton, Passaic, Hackensac. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, lead, copper, gypsum, coal, and 
 slate. 
 
 Soil. About one fourth sandy and barren. There 
 is much good land in the interior, and among the 
 mountains there are fertile valleys. 
 
 Produce. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, Indian corn, 
 fruit, &c. 
 
 Climate. To the north, the weather is clear and 
 settled, but the winters very cold. To the south 
 and east, it is very changeable, and the summers 
 are hot and sultry. 
 
85 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Townships. 
 
 Bergen 
 
 7 
 
 Burlington 
 
 12 
 
 Cape M&y 
 
 3 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 8 
 
 Essex 
 
 10 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 10 
 
 Hunterdon 
 
 10 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 8 
 
 Monmouth 
 
 7 
 
 Morris 
 
 10 
 
 Salem 
 
 9 
 
 Somerset 
 
 7 
 
 Sussex 
 
 15 
 
 Pofiulation. 
 16,603 
 24,979 
 3,632 
 12.670 
 . 25,984 
 19744 
 24,553 
 
 20 381 
 22,150 
 
 21 828 
 12,761 
 14,728 
 25,549 
 
 Chief Towns and Population. 
 Hackensac tp. 1 958 
 BurlmgtoH tp. 2,419 
 C H. 
 
 Bri'.'getown 
 Newark tp. 8,008 
 Gloucester ip. 1,726 
 Tkentost tp. 3,002 
 New Brunswick tp. 6,312 
 Freehold tp. 4,784 
 Morristown tp. 3,753 
 Salem 929 
 Boundbrook 
 Newtown tp. 2,082 
 
 13 
 
 116 
 
 245,562 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JK'OTE. — The first name in the following list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the CourUy, the figures denote the distance from 
 Wasldngton. 
 
 Absecombe, Gloucester 209 
 Allentown, Monmouth 178 
 Amboy, Middlesex 215 
 Amwell, Himierdon 215 
 Acquackanock, Essex 226 
 Asbury, Sussex 199 
 Augusta, Sussex 224 
 Bargaintown, Gloucester 194 
 Baskenridge, Somerset 219 
 Belleville, Essex 227 
 Belvidere, Sussex 208 
 Berkshire Valley, Morris 218 
 BUiCk Horse, Burlington 173 
 Bloomfield, Essex 222 
 Bloomsbury, Hunterdon 200 
 Booneton, Morns 244 
 Bop 'entown, Burlington 174 
 Bottle Hdl, Morris 231 
 Boundbrook, Somerset 200 
 Brick House. Sussex 377 
 Bridgetown, Cumberland 173 
 Burlington, Burlington 162 
 Cape May c. h.. Cape May 218 
 Cedarvjlle, Cumberland 191 
 Chatham, Morris 228 
 Chester, Morris 245 
 Coldspring, Cape May 228 
 Cooper's Ferry, Gloucester 141 
 Cranberry, Middlesex 190 
 Deckerstown, Sussex 217 
 Deerfield street, Cumberland 176 
 Denjiis's Creek, Cape May 208 
 
 Dividing Creek, Cumberland 200 
 Elizabethtown, Essex 211 
 Evesham, Burlmgton 151 
 Fairtown, Cumberland 187 
 Flemington, Hunterdon 193 
 Foster's Ferry, Sussex 240 
 Freehold, Monmouth 208 
 Greenwich, Cumberland 187 
 H:ickensack, Bergen 244 
 Hucket's Town, Sussex 235 
 Haboken, Bergen 231 
 Haddonfield, Gloucester 144 
 Hamburg, Sussex 249 
 Hancock, Sal m 177 
 Hanover, Morris 238 
 Harmony, Sussex 203 
 Hope, Sussex 220 
 Hunt's Mills, Hunterdon 
 Jersey City. Bergen 226 
 Jobstown, Burlington 173 
 Johnsonsburg, Sussex 226 
 Knowlston's Mills, Sussex 218 
 Lebanon, Hunterdon 225 
 Lockwood, Sussex 
 Lower Somer's Point, Gloucester 
 
 202 
 Mansfield, Sussex 206 
 May's Landing, Gloucester 185 
 Mendham, Morris 226 
 Middletown, Monmouth 256 
 Millville, Cumberland 188 
 Moorestown, Burlington 151 
 
a6 
 
 Morristown, Morris 2o,> 
 Mount Holly, lUirrmgvon 159 
 Muilico Hill, (;iouresier 155 
 Newark, Essrx 217 
 Newht-rry, Burlinj^ton 186 
 New Briinswi'k, MiddlesfX 194 
 New Eg\pt, Mnnmoiifli 182 
 New Gennantol^n, Mniiierdon 208 
 Npsv Hampton, HiinVerdon 204 
 New Mdls, Burlini'ton 165 
 N.wpoi-!, Cunibrrland 
 New Providence, Ksscx 219 
 Newiown, Sussex 221 
 New Vei'iion, Morris 240 
 Old Brd^e, Middlesex 205 
 Oiun.m , Essex 221 
 Pai'sippany, Morris 
 Patterson Essex 254 
 Pittsgrove, fSaleiii 181 
 Piitsion, Hunterdon 198 
 Plainfield, Essex 21 » 
 Pluckemin, Somerset 201 
 Pompton, Morris 262 
 Port Eiizal)pth, Cumberland 196 
 Pi inceton, Someisel 178 
 Railway, Essex 206 
 Kingo's, Hunterdon 177 
 
 Rockaway, Morris 242 
 Salem, Salem 172 
 Schooly Mount, Morris 240 
 Scotch Plams, Essex 215 
 Shitrptown, Salem 166 
 Shrewsbury, Monmouth 222 
 Somerset c. h., Somers* ' 19S 
 Sooy's Inn, Burlmgion 169 
 Sparla, Sussi x 229 
 Springfield, Essex 223 
 Stanhope, Morris 233 
 S'dl V lley, Sussex ' 
 Suil Water, Sussex 231 
 Stoikholm, Morris 275 
 Sucka.sunny, Morris 2.>9 
 Sweedsboro', Gloucester 158 
 Tren'on, Hnmerdon 1()7 
 Tut k'. rton, B irlmgion 193 
 Van Syckles', Hunterdon 175 
 Wusliington, Mnriis 216 
 We si field, Essex 223 
 Wevuioiith P'urnace, Gloucester 
 
 177 
 WiK)dbridge, Middlesex 210 
 Woodbury, Gloucester I5l 
 Woodstown, Salem 161 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Situation. Between 39° -13' and 43° N. lat. and 
 2° 20' E. and 3° 30' W. Ions;. 
 
 Bouvdaries. On the north. New York and Lake 
 Erie. South, Delaware, Maryland, and Virj^iuia. 
 East, New York and New Jersey. West, Ohio 
 and Virginia. 
 
 Kxtent. From north to south, 153 miles; from 
 oa$«t to west 273 miles. 
 
 Jlrea. 24,500 square miles, or 37,200.000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. South-east part, undulat- 
 ing, swelling sometimes to considerahle hills. 
 Middle, mountainous. To the north and west, is 
 an elevated country, abounding in hills, valleys, 
 and rich scenery. 
 
PIllIaAHELPHIA 
 a It d- 
 
 ADJACENT COUNTEY. 
 
87 
 
 Mivers. Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, Susque- 
 hanna, Juoiatta, Alleghan^', Monongaliela, Youg- 
 hiogheny, and Ohio. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, coal, marhle, free-stone, lime- 
 stone, and some copper and lead. 
 
 Soil. To the east of the m(»untains generally 
 good, among the mountains rough, and much of 
 it poor. To the west of the mountains, general- 
 ly excellent. 
 
 Produce. Grain, grass, vegetables, and fruit in 
 great profusion. 
 
 Climate. To the east of the mountains, change- 
 able. Among the mountains, clear and settled, 
 with cold winters. To the westward temperate. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. To-wnships. Popnhition. 
 
 Adams 18 15,152 
 
 Alleghany 15 25,317 
 
 Armsirong' 7 6,143 
 
 Beaver 12 12,168 
 
 Bedford 15 1 5,746 
 
 B«iks oo 43,146 
 
 • Bradford (Late Omario) 
 
 Bucks 29 32,371 
 
 Butler 13 7,346 
 
 Cambria 3 2,117 
 
 Centre 11 10,681 
 
 Chester 40 39,596 
 
 Clearfield 1 875 
 
 • Columbia (from Northumberland) 
 Crawford 14 6.178 
 Cumberland 18 26,757 
 Diuiphin 15 31,883 
 DeUware 21 14,734 
 Erie 14 3,758 
 Fayette 19 24,714 
 Franklin 14 23,083 
 Greene 10 12,544 
 Himiingdon 18 14,778 
 Indiana 7 6,214 
 Jefferson 1 161 
 Lai'caster 25 53,927 
 
 * Lebanon (from Dauphin) 
 
 * Lehigh (from Nortiiampton) 
 
 Chief Towns and Population. 
 Gettysburg 
 Pittsburg 4,768 
 Kiianing 309 
 Beaver 426 
 Bedford 547 
 Reading tp. 3,462 
 Meansville 
 Doylestown 
 Butler tp 458 
 Ebensburg 75 
 Bellefon''303 
 West Chester 471 
 
 Clearfi. Id tp. 875 
 Danville 
 
 Meadville 457 
 
 Carlisle 2,491 
 
 Harhisbchg tp. 2,287 
 
 Chestt r 1,056 
 
 Erie 394 
 
 Union 999 
 
 Chambeisburg 2,008 
 
 Greene tp 1,708 
 
 Huninigdon 676 
 
 Indian;. 200 
 
 Jeffeison tp 161 
 
 Liinciister 5,405 
 
 L( b non 
 
 Nurthanipton 
 
88 
 
 Luzerne 
 
 29 
 
 18.109 
 
 Wilkesbarre 1,225 
 
 Lycoming 
 
 18 
 
 11.006 
 
 Williamsport 344 
 
 M Kean 
 
 1 
 
 142 
 
 Smethpon 
 
 M( i-cer 
 
 16 
 
 8,277 
 
 Mercer 
 
 Miffln 
 
 9 
 
 12,132 
 
 Lewistown 474 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 30 
 
 29,703 
 
 Nornstown 1,336 
 
 Northampton 
 
 32 
 
 38,145 
 
 Eason 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 26 
 
 36,327 
 
 Siinbury 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 18 
 
 111,200 
 
 C Philadelphia City 92,866 
 I Do. County 18,344 
 
 Potter 
 
 1 
 
 29 
 
 Cowde.-sport 
 
 • Pike 
 
 1 
 
 
 Milford 83 
 
 • Schuylkill 
 
 
 
 Orwigsburg 
 
 Somerset 
 
 15 
 
 11,284 
 
 Somerset 489 
 
 • Susquehanna 
 
 
 
 Montrose 
 
 Tioga 
 
 2 
 
 1,687 
 
 W"llsborough 
 
 * Union 
 
 
 
 New Berlin 
 
 Venango 
 
 8 
 
 3,060 
 
 Frunkl n 159 
 
 Warren 
 
 2 
 
 827 
 
 Wi.rren 
 
 Washington 
 
 23 
 
 36,289 
 
 Washington 1,301 
 
 Wayne 
 
 12 
 
 4.125 
 
 Bethany 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 14 
 
 26,392 
 
 Grecnsb: rg 685 
 
 York 
 
 22 
 
 31,958 
 
 York 2,847 
 
 50 
 
 651 
 
 810,091 
 
 * Laid out since last Census. 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 J\rOTE. — The first name in the foUo-wing list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the Cowily, the figures denote the distance from 
 Wasldngton. 
 
 Aaronsburg, Centre 204 
 Abbottstown, Adams 86 
 Abington, Luzerne 254 
 Adams, D;uiphin 133 
 Alexandria, Huntingdon 162 
 AUentown, Nonhamp'on 184 
 Amity, Washington 255 
 Andalusia, Burks 143 
 Anville, Lebanon 130 
 Armagh, Indiana 170 
 Asylum, Luzerne 284 
 Athens, Bradford 305 
 Attleboro, Bucks 164 
 Bachelor's Hall, Tioga 242 
 Bath, NorthumberKind 173 
 Beach Grove, Luzerne 204 
 Bear Gap, Northumberland 182 
 Beavertown, Beaver 253 
 Bedford, Bedford 129 
 Beelin's Ferry, Cumberland 144 
 Bellefont, Centre 189 
 Belleville, Miffln 139 
 
 Berlin, Adams 89 
 
 Berlin, Somer.sei 194 
 
 Berlinsville Nonhampton 207 
 
 Berwick, Columbia 199 
 
 Bethany, Wavne 279 
 
 Behlehem, Northampton 189 
 
 Big Su},'ar Creek, Crawford 328 
 
 Birmioffham, Centre 213 
 
 Black Horse Tavern, Chester 160 
 
 Black Lick, In. i. ana 199 
 
 Bloody-run, Bedford 191 
 
 Bloom, Columbia 
 
 Bloomsburg, Northumberland 190 
 
 Bi^intrem, Luzerne 266 
 Brandywrne Manor, Chester 138 
 Bricelands -j- Rsads, Washington 
 
 251 
 Bridge water, Luzerne 275 
 Bristol, Bucks 157 
 Br- ken Straw Creek, Crawford 363 
 Brown's Mill, Miffln 161 
 Brownsville, Fayette 223 
 
89 
 
 Buckingham, Bucks 167 
 Burgettsiown, Washington 248 
 Buifroe's Gap, Hunlingdon 209 
 Botler. Butler 230 
 Caernarvon, see Earl, 134 
 Canoe Camp, Tioga 240 
 Cannonsburg, Washington 244 
 Cailisle, Cu ^.berluidlOl • 
 Catawisse, Northumberland 184 
 Centre Furnace, Ceuire 179 
 Chambersburg, Franklin 92 
 Chanceford, York 
 Charleston, Chester 164 
 Chatham, Chester 122 
 Cherryville, Northampton 212 
 Chesnut Hill, Northampton 220 
 Chester, Delaware 122 
 Churchtown, Lancaster 137 
 Clarke's Ferry, Cumberland 128 
 ClarksNille, G.eene 264 
 Clifford, Ltizerne 274 
 Coatsviiie, Chester 144 
 Cochranville, Chester 129 
 CoUiiisbuig, Centre 215 
 Columbia, Lancaster 98 
 Concord, Fiankl.n 124 
 Connellsville, Fayette 200 
 Conyngham, Luzerne 210 
 Cooistovvn, Berks 161 
 
 Fairfield op Millers> Adams 83 
 Fair View, Erse 422 
 Fannetsburg, Franklm 109 
 Fork's Oil Creek, Crawford 340 
 Free port, Armstrong 220 
 Fianktbrd, Philadelphia 142 
 Franklin, Venango 287 
 Fn-dericktown, Washmgton 261 
 Fruitstown, Lycoming 189 
 Gup. Lancaster 124 
 Gapton, see Wind.;ap 
 Gebhart's, Somerset 175 
 Georgetown, Beaver 265 
 Gerniantown, Philadelphia 143 
 Gettysburg, Adams 75 
 Gibson, Susquehanna 275 
 Grecncastle Franklin 81 
 Greensburg, W^estmoreland 192 
 Greensburg, Greene 236 
 Griersburg, Beaver 265 
 Halifax, Dtuphin 131 
 Hamburg, Berks 159 
 Hanover, York 80 
 Harmony, Butler 286 
 Harrisburg, Daiiphm 113 
 Hartford, Susquehanna 285 
 Harileton, Union 123 
 Hartless, Bedford 
 Harlsville, 
 
 Cornwall Furnace, Lancaster 136 Ha'boro, Montgomery 157 
 
 Croghaii's Gap, Cumberland Hickory, Washington 274 
 Crooked Creek Bridge, Armstrong Hincletowii, Lancaster 128 
 
 196 Hollidaysburg, Huntingdon 184 
 
 Danville, Columbia 276 Hoimesburg, Philadelphia 147 
 
 Darby, Delaware 130 Hop Bottom, Luzerne 270 
 
 Dillsburgh, York 96 Hopewell, Bedford 
 
 Dill's Ferry, Northampton Horseh:im Meeting House, Mont- 
 Dingman's IVny, Piki 249 gomery 159 
 
 Douglass's Mills, Cumberland 125 Holingsburg, Armstrong 336 
 
 Dover, York 93 Hulmeville, Bucks 185 
 
 Downingstovv 11, Chester 132 Hummelstown, D.aiphin 122 
 
 Doylestovvn, Bucks 163 Hunlingdon, Hun ingdon 154 
 
 Drake's Ferry, Huntingdon 142 Indiana, Indiana 186 
 
 Driitiiore, Liincaster 123 
 Dunnsburg, Lycoming 2l0 
 Durltam, Bucks 192 
 Duiotsburg, Northampton 220 
 Earl, Lancaster 
 Easton, Northampton 195 
 East Whlteland, Chester 138 
 Ebensburg, Cambria 190 
 Elizabethtown, Lancaster 111 
 Emans, Northampton 179 
 Ephrata, Lancaster 124 
 Erie or Presque Isle, Erie 354 
 Erwinna, Bucks 184 
 Exeter, Luzerne 237 
 
 Jefferson, Greene 238 
 Jenkiiito« n, Montgomery 147 
 Jenntr, Somerset 203 
 Jersey Shore, Lycoming 218 
 Jerseytown, Columbia 186 
 Johnston, Cambria 158 
 Jonestown, Lebanon 140 
 Kennet's Square, Chester 130 
 Kingston, Luzerne 228 
 K.rksmills, Lancaster 124 
 Kit;aning, Armstrong 214 
 Kreidersville, Northampton 199 
 Lackawaxen, Wayne 268 
 Lancaster, Lancaster 108 
 
90 
 
 Landisburg, CiimbeplancI 113 
 Laii^hlini'in, VVt-stmorelaiid 175 
 Lausanne, Norihampton 221 
 Luvvsvillc, S'.sqiithann;!. 288 
 L- i.cock, Lancaster 125 
 Lebanon, Lebanon 133 
 L< high Gap. Northampton 209 
 Levt iinjjs, Pli ladelphia 156 
 Lewisburji;', York 
 Lewisixirg, Unioti 173 
 LewiMoii, M ffliii 154 
 Lisbnrn, Cumijei'huifl 110 
 Litiz, Lancaster 116 
 Liverpool, Cumberland 147 
 Londonderry, Chester 128 
 Londongrove, Chester 126 
 Londontown, Franklin 101 
 Lower Smithfield P.ke 258 
 Loyal Lock Gap, Northumberland 
 
 190 
 M'Veytown,M fflin 154 
 M'Connelsbiirg, Bedlord 95 
 Alanlif-ini, Lauca^ttr 113 
 Marcus Hook Delaware 121 
 Marielta, Luncasitr 110 
 Marshall's Mills, Hnntingdon 170 
 Marsli.dton, v heser 129 
 Martin's Creek, North;impton 232 
 Mary Ann Forge, Somerset 171 
 Meadville, Crawford 312 
 Meansville, Bradford 
 Mechanicshurg, Cumberland 111 
 Mercer's, Mercer 262 
 Mercersbing, Franklin 195 
 MerriMsiown, Fayette 227 
 Mexico. M.ffli,: 140 
 Middleboro, Wayne 232 
 Middleburg. Union 170 
 MirMIe own, D.uphm 103 
 M ffl fiburg, Union 188 
 M'fflinlown, Mifflin 142 
 Milcsburg Mifflin 192 
 Milford, P.ke 241 
 Millerstown, Cumberland 128 
 Mill Hall, Cenne 200 
 M'l'on, Northiimht riand 176 
 Montgomery, Montgomery 158 
 Mo^gantown, Berks 142 
 Morrison's Foige, Cambria 207 
 Monisville, Bucks 166 
 Mount Jarkbon, 
 
 Mo.int Pleasunt.Westmoreland 204 
 Mount Pleasant, Lancasti r 120 
 Mount Pleasant, W.yne 279 
 Muncey, Lycomi lu' 190 
 M.inster, Cambria 
 Murray's Mills, Westmoreland 215 
 
 Myer's Town, Lebanon 137 
 Nazareth, Nonhampion 196 
 Nescoptck, Luzerne 200 
 New Alexandria, Westmoreland 
 
 201 
 New Berlin, Union 174 
 New Castle, Mercer 279 
 New Garden, Chester 123 
 New Geneva, Fayette 226 
 New Holland, Lancaster 130 
 New Hope, Bu ks 171 
 New London -\- Roads, Chester 
 
 115 
 New Mdford, Susquehanna 279 
 Newtown, Bucks 168 
 NewviUe, Cumberland 142 
 Norristown, Montgomery 166 
 Northampion, Lehigh 189 
 North East, Erie 413 
 Northumberland, Northumberland 
 
 164 
 Oil Creek, Crawford 
 Old Sheshequin, Lycoming 305 
 Oi well, Bradford 296 
 Orwigsbiirg, Schuylkill 170 
 Oitsville, Bucks 183 
 Oxford, Adams 85 
 Oxford, Chester 108 
 Painter's Cross Roads, Delaware 
 Palniyra, Lebanon 128 
 Paradise, Ltncaster 133 
 Parkinson's Ferry, Wi.shmgton 225 
 Peach Bottom, York 
 Penn's Vallt-y, Centre 
 Petersburg, Adams 77 
 Philadelphia, Ph ladelphia 137 
 Phillipsb' rg C. ntre 213 
 Puie Grove Muis, Cen re 174 
 Pittsb..rg, AUigh.ny 225 
 Pittston, Ltizenie 234 
 Plumsieail, Bucks 170 
 Plymouth, Luztrne 214 
 Potter's Mills, Ontrt. 176 
 Poll's Gro\e, Momgonury 149 
 Presque Isle, see Erie 
 P ovidtncc. Luztrnt- 244 
 PMghtuwn, Chesii r 152 
 Putnam's, Tioga 252 
 Quakeiio«n, Bi ik-- 174 
 Readin , Berks 143 
 R adsboro. Clearfi. 1 227 
 ReaHiS own, Lancasur 128 
 Rlchni' nd Nor hampion 220 
 Ribhs'own, Wes moreland2l?' 
 Rosebur\, Ar.rs n.ng 
 Rossv I ,^, Yoik 98 
 Round Hill, 
 
91 
 
 Salem, Wayne 261 
 Salem Cross Roads, Westmore- 
 land 253 
 Salsbury, Lancaster 121 
 Salisbury, Somerset 178 
 Samona, Noriiiampton 181 
 Sciiellsbiirg, Bedford 160 
 Selinsf^rove, Union 158 
 Seller's Tavern, Bucks 166 
 Shade Furnace, Somerset 165 
 Shesliequin, Bradford 298 
 Sjiippensburg, C imberland 103 
 Shirleysburg, Huntingdon 134 
 Shrewsbury, York 
 Silver Lake, Susquehanna 285 
 Smithfit-ld, Fayette 236 
 Smythfield, Somerset 193 
 Somerset, Somerset 167 
 Somerset Forge, Somerset 191 
 Spread Eagle, Delaware 148 
 Spnugville, Susquehanna 261 
 Stewartsville, 
 
 Stoddertsville, Luzerne 241 
 Stoyestown. Somerset 157 
 Strasburg, Franklin 102 
 Strasburg, LHUcaster 116 
 Stroudsburg, Northampton 223 
 Stuartsburg, Westmoreland 235 
 Sumanytown, Montgomery 160 
 Sunbury, Northumberland 164 
 Swamp Churches, Montgomery 
 
 153 
 Thompson's, Cumberland 
 Thompsontown, Mifflin 133 
 Tiogi., Tioga 262 
 Trap, Montgomery 160 
 Tunckhannock, Luzerne 252 
 Turkyfoot, Somerset 
 Tuscarora Valley, Miffl.n 143 
 Union Town, Fayette 211 
 Venango, Armstrong 316 
 
 Walker sville. Centre 199 
 Warm Springs, York 
 Warren, Warren 378 
 Warren, Bradford 306 
 Washingtrm, Washington 245 
 Washington, Northumberland 184 
 Watertord, Erie 339 
 Waterford. Mtffln 134 
 Waikinsvilie, Centre 199 
 Waynesborough, Greene 246 
 Waynesburg, Franklin 90 
 Waynesburg, Chester 136 
 Webster's Store, Lancaster 115 
 Wellsboro, Tio^<a 245 
 West Alexandria. Washington 266 
 West Chester, Chester 142 
 West Middleton, Washington 260 
 Wheat Plams, Wayne 220 
 White Deer, Lycoming 
 Whitehoise, Huntingdon 123 
 White Marsli, Montgomery 152 
 Wilkesbai'rt, Luzerne 225 
 Williamsburg, Huntingdon 172 
 Williamsport, Lycoming 197 
 Williamstowii, Lancaster 
 Willinghoro, Susquehanna 293 
 Willov^' Grove, Montgomery 154 
 Wilson's, Westmoreland 253 
 Wmdgap, Northampton 204 
 ^' uulsor, York 
 Womelsdorf, Bi-rks 144 
 Wnghtsville, York 
 Wyalusing, Luzerne 276 
 Wysox, Luzerne 290 
 Yellow Springs, Huntingdon 177 
 York, York 86 
 York Haven, York 96 
 York Sulphur Sprmgs, Adams 99 
 Youngstown, 184 
 Zelienople or Harmony, Butler 287 
 
 DELAWARE. 
 
 Situation. Between 38° 2Q' and 39® 48' N. lat. 
 and 1° 18' and 1° 58' E. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Pennsylvania. South, 
 Maryland. East, Delaware bay and Atlantic 
 Ocean. West, Pennsylvania and Maryland. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 90 miles; from 
 east to west; 25 miles. 
 
 N 
 
9S 
 
 ^rea. About 1,700 square miles, or 1,088,000 
 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Lower part level and 
 swampy. To the north, more elevated, and at 
 the extremity, hilly. 
 
 Rivers. Delaware, Brandy wine Creek, Chris- 
 tiana Creek, Duck Creek, Mispillion Creek, Gra- 
 velly Creek and Indian River. 
 
 Minerals. Iron. 
 
 Soil. In the south sandy, in the north clay and 
 loam. 
 
 Produce. Wheat is the staple. Grain, grass, 
 fruit. 
 
 Climate. In the south, warm and humid. North^ 
 agreeable and healthy. 
 
 TOPOGRAPTIICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. Hmdreds. Population. Chief To~uns and Population. 
 
 Kenl 5 20,495 Dover 8CiU 
 
 N. w Castle 9 24 429 Wilmm.^ion 4 406 
 
 Sussex 11 27.750 Gt.org,eto\vn 400 
 
 3 25 72,674 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JsTOTE. — The first name in the follotving list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, the figures point out the distance from 
 Washiugion. 
 
 Bridge Branch or Bridgeville, Lewistown, Sussex 150 
 
 Sussex 132 Middlf'ovvn, Ntw Ciistle 113 
 
 Canterbury, Keni 126 Milford. Ktut 114 
 
 CaniweU's Bn. lire, New Castle 116 Millsboro, Sussex 138 
 
 Christi.na, New Casile 100 Milon or Broad Kd!, Sussex 138 
 
 Camdeis Kent 132 New Castle, New Castle 116 
 
 Concord Sussex 143 New Aik, New Castle 105 
 
 Dagsboro, Sussex 144 Newport, New Castle 106 
 
 Dover, Keni 135 Sinvrna, Kent 123 
 
 Fredencii, Ken 122 S' 'Gev>r.e's, New Castle 140 
 
 Georgeiown, Sussex 130 Wlnteleysburg, Kent 112 
 
 Laurel, Sussex 149 Wilminglon, New Castle 110 
 
ail- d 
 
 ^in.J.ICENT couxritT. 
 
93 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Situation. Between 38° and 39° 43' N. lat. and 
 S° E. anri 2° 30' W.. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Pennsylvania. South, 
 Virj^inia. Easf, Delaware and Atlantic Ocean. 
 West, Virginia. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 90 miles; from 
 east to west, 198 miles. 
 
 Jlrea. 10,800 square miles, or 6,912.000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Reniarkahly variegated. 
 Eastern shore, low, level, and sandy. Middle, 
 hilly. Western part, mountainous^ 
 
 liivers. Siisqnehannah and Chesapeake, Poto- 
 mac, Pafapsfo, Patuxent, Eik, Sassafras, Chester, 
 Choptank, Nanticake, and Pocoraoke. 
 
 Minerals. Iron ore, some coal. 
 
 Soil. Various. On the east, low and sandy, but 
 interspersed with rich meadows. Among the 
 mountains, similar to the mountainous district of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Produce. Wheat is the staple. Grain, grass, 
 fruit, tobacce), and some cotton. 
 
 Climate. On the eastern shore, warm and hu- 
 mid, improving towards the interior. Auiung lh&. 
 mountains delightful. 
 
 TOPOGJiAPHiCAL TABLE. 
 
 C(miities. Pjfm'ution. C'liff Tw is und Population. 
 
 AUei-^hany 6,909 CumberL.nd 
 
 Ann Ar iiidel 26,668 Annapolis 2.000 
 
 Baliiii.ore 29,255"| 
 
 Do. City 55 583 I „ .^. ... ,-« 
 
 E. precincts of do. • 4,050 ^ B'^ltimore 46,554 
 
 W. do. 6,922j 
 
 Cecil 13,066 Elktou 
 
94< 
 
 Calvert 
 
 8,005 
 
 St. Leonards 
 
 Caroline 
 
 9,458 
 
 Denton 
 
 Charles 
 
 20,245 
 
 Port Tobacco 
 
 Dorchester 
 
 18,108 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Frederick 
 
 34,437 
 
 Fredencktown 4,500 
 
 Ifarford 
 
 21,258 
 
 Harford 
 
 Kent 
 
 11,450 
 
 Chester 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 17,980 
 
 Unity 
 
 Prince George 
 
 20,589 
 
 Marlborough 
 
 Queen Ann's 
 
 16.648 
 
 Centreville 
 
 St. Vlary's 
 
 12,794 
 
 Leonard T. 
 
 Somerset 
 
 17,195 
 
 Princess Ann 
 
 Talbot 
 
 14,230 
 
 Easton 
 
 Washington 
 
 18,730 
 
 Elizabeth-tovvn 
 
 Worcester 
 
 16,971 
 
 Snow Hill 
 
 19 
 
 380,546 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 J\i'OTE. — The first name in the fMoxving list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is tite 7iame of the Counlij, the figures denote the distance from 
 Wasldtigtun. 
 
 Aquasco, Prince George 38 
 AlleastVesh, Charles 43 
 Annapolis, Ann Arundel 40 
 BaUitnoe, Baltimore 38 
 Bel Air, Haiford 68 
 Benedict, Charles 48 
 Big Springs, Wasinngton 85 
 Bladenshurg, Prince George 6 
 Boonshoro, VVashinglon 60 
 Brick Meeting House, Cecd 102 
 Broad Creek, Queen Ann's 50 
 BrookviUe, Montgomery 22 
 Cambridge, Dorchester 97 
 CentrevilU-. Quen Ann's 71 
 Chapwco, St Mary's 53 
 Charlutt. W !!, St'. Mary's 56 
 Chesa])eake Town, Cecil 100 
 Chester Town, Kent 80 
 Church Hill, Queen Ann's 80 
 Clarksburg, Montgomery 28 
 Colesvilie, Montgomery 
 Cresapsburg, Allegiiany 149 
 Crugerstowri, Frederick 55 
 Cumberliund, \lleghany 155 
 Damascus, .Montgomery 22 
 Denton, Caroline 85 
 Dublin, Harford 78 
 Easton, Talbot 81 
 Elizaoethtown, see Hagerstown 
 Elkton, Cecil 90 
 Ellicoti's, Baltimore 48 
 Fiinittsburg, Frederick 66 
 
 Fredericktown, Frederick 43 
 Friendship, Ann Anmdi-1 78 
 Funkstown, Washmgion 68 
 Georgetown Cross Roads, Kent 95 
 Gracehaui, Frederick 81 
 Great Mills, Si Mark's J7 
 Greensboro, Caroline 103 
 Gimpowder, Baiiimore 50 
 H-iK-^istinvM Washington 70 
 Hancock, W.ishington 103 
 Hr.r»ord, Harfoid 62 
 Havre de Gi\.ce, Harford 73 
 Head ot Chester, K -nl 103 
 Head of Sass^ifr^is, Kent 106 
 Hiilsboro, Caroline 79 
 H.ll Top, Charles 44 
 Hull's + l{o;.ds, Harford 
 Hunting;own, Caiver 98 
 Hyattstown, Montgomery 32 
 Jon:isvilie, Alleghany 171 
 Kingston, Somerset 163 
 Leonard town, St. Mark's 65' 
 Liberty town, Fiedenrk 55 
 Loveton, Baltimore 55 
 Lower Marlboro, Calvert 88 
 Magrnder's, P' met George 14 
 Manchester, Baltimore 68 
 Mechanic's Town, Frederick 84 
 Middlebrook Mills, .Montgomery22 
 Middlehurg, Frederick 72 
 Middlctowii, Frederick 52 
 Montgomery c. h., Montgomery 15 
 
95 
 
 Nanjamoy, Charles 56 
 New Miiiket, Frederick 38 
 New Port, Charles 45 
 Newtown (Trap), Frederick 51 
 Newtown (W.), Wor; ester 167 
 Nine Bridges, Queen Ann's 114 
 North East, Cecil 84 
 Nottingham, Prince George 28 
 Old town, Alleghany 140 
 Petersville, Frederick 56 
 Pig Point, Ann Arundel 62 
 Pikesville, Baltimore 
 Piscataway, Prince George 18 
 Poole's Store, Montgomery 23 
 Poplar Springs, Ann Arundel 48 
 Poplar Town or Trap, Worcester 
 
 186 
 Port Deposit, Cecil 
 Port Tobacco, Charles 34 
 Princess Ann, Somerset 153 
 Puncli Hall, Caroline 114 
 Queen Ann, Pr nee George 27 
 Qiieenstown, Queen Ann's 64 
 Quantico Mdls, Somerset 136 
 Ueistertown. Baltimore 54 
 Ridge, St. MHr\'s 97 
 Rising Sun, Cecil 106 
 Rock Hall. Kent 68 
 Rockville, Montf,^omery 15 
 Salisbury, Somerset 137 
 Sandy Spring, Montgomery 
 
 Savintown, Cecil 110 
 Sharpsburg, Washington 67 
 Simpsonville, Montgomery 8 
 Snowhill, Worcester 173 
 St. Inigoe's, St. Mary's 93 
 St. Leonard's, Calvert 112 
 St. Martin's, Worcester 157 
 St. Michaels, Talbot 69 
 Sudler's Cross Roads, QueenAnn's 
 
 109 
 Taneyton, Frederick 67 
 Tracey's Landing, Ann Arundel 72 
 Trappe, Talbot 95 
 Triudelphia, Montgomery 26 
 Union Bridge, Frederick 62 
 Union Mills, Frederick 74 
 Union Town, Frederick 66 
 Upper M.irlboro, Prince George 18 
 Vansville. Prince George 14 
 Vienna, Dorchester 121 
 Warwick, Cecil 109 
 Welby, Prince George 8 
 Western Port, Alleghany 142 
 Westminster, Frederick 66 
 West River, Ann Arundel 
 White Haven, Somerset 144 
 Williamsport, W.ishington 78 
 Wise'sburg, Baltimore 62 
 Woodsboro, Frederick 56 
 Wyt Mills, Talbot 94 
 Yox Glades, Alleghany 149. 
 
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 J^ote. — The Disliict of Columbia was ceded to 
 the United States, by the states ol" Maryland and 
 Vii'iiinia ; and in the year 1800 it became the seat 
 of the general government. It is heantifully sifuaied 
 on Imth sides of the Potorunc River, and ab()un<ls 
 with eleicani pro<.pect.»<. The gr^-at leading feature 
 in the faee of the ronntry is the Potomac River, 
 and the hii;;h lan<ts !o ihe westward. The dis- 
 tritM ub: -.jiHis with smali streams an<l springs of 
 water, vv hirh ar • very tiselul for watering tht city 
 antil 30* niaeiiner;*. 'Die Capit(jl is elegantly 
 situated upuu an eoiiueuce of seveuty-eigiil feet, 
 
95 
 
 anfl commands a delightful prospect. West from 
 this, ahout a mile, is the President's House, a 
 slati'ly mansion, commanding a fine view of tlie 
 liver and adjacent country. On the one side of 
 the Prtsident's House is the Treasury Office, and 
 on the other side a similar building which accom- 
 modates the Offices of State, the War Depart- 
 ment, and the Naval Department. These elegant 
 buiUlin2;s were burnt in the late war; but the last 
 mentioned offices have been rebuilt, and the Capi- 
 tol an<l President's House are repairing, and will 
 be more splendid than ever. The Post Office 
 holds a commanding situation on a rising ground 
 between the President's House and Capitol. The 
 Barracks are situated about a mile east of the Ca- 
 pitol, and the Navy Yard is on the eastern branch 
 of tl»e Putoinac. 
 
 Georgetown is handsomely situated to the west 
 of tlie city, and Alexandria is on tiie west bank of 
 the river, in the lower part of the district. The 
 city is laid out on an elei^ant plan; but a small 
 portion of it only is built. The removal of the 
 seat of government wus an experiment, in the suc- 
 cess of which confidence fcu' a considerable period 
 was not reposed ; but the late Jierij trial brought 
 the (juesiiou to issue. Tiiere now remains no 
 doubt but the seat of governnjenl is firmly fixed 
 here, and the chance is that the district will rapid- 
 ly impiove. 
 
 Situation. Between 38° 48' and SS"" 59' N. lat. 
 and 7' K. and 7' W. long. The Capitol is about 
 77^ 0' 2i" VV^est from London. 
 
97 
 
 Boundaries. On the north-east, south-east, and 
 partly north-west, Maryland. On the south-west 
 and partly north-west, Virginia. 
 
 Extent. 10 miles square. 
 
 ,Area. 100 square miles, or 64?,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Elegantly variegated ; 
 abounding with beautiful prospects. 
 
 Rivers. Ptitomac, Tiber Creek, Reedy Creek, 
 Rock Creek, and Four Mile Run. 
 
 Soil. Thin and sandy, but susceptible of great 
 improvement. 
 
 Climate. Spring variable, summer pretty warm, 
 autumn agreeable, winter variable, often very cold. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 Washingion City ... 
 Georgetown ... 
 Washington County, exclusive of the City 7 
 and Georgetown - - j 
 Alexandria .... 
 Alexandria County, exclusive of the town 
 
 Popnilation. 
 8,208 
 4,948 
 
 2,315 
 
 7,227 
 1,325 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JVOTE. — T/w first nmne in the following list is the name of the Post Office^ 
 the second is the name of the Countij, Uie figures denote the distance from 
 WasMngton. 
 
 Alexandria, Alexandria 7 Georgetown, Washington 2 
 
 The General Post Office is situated in 
 Washington City. 
 
 It may be useful to introduce here the Rates 
 OF Postage throughout the United States. 
 
98 
 
 Sivgle Letters. 
 
 Any distance not exceeding 30 miles 6 cents. 
 Over 30 and not exceeding SO 10 
 
 Over 80 and not exceeding 150 13-| 
 
 Over 150 and not exceeding 400 181 
 
 Over 400 - - 2d 
 
 Double, Triple, and Quadruple Letters, are 
 charged at double, triple, and quadruple those 
 rates. 
 
 Packets composed of four or more pieces of 
 paper, and weighing one ounce, are charged with 
 single postage, for every quarter of an ounce ; ex- 
 cept letters conveyed by water mails, which are 
 not to be charged with more than quadruple post- 
 age, unless the packets actually contain more thaa 
 four distinct letters. 
 
 J^ewspapers not exceeding 100 miles 1 cent 
 Do. above 100 1| 
 
 But if carried to any Post 
 Office in the state in which 
 it is printed, whatever be 
 the distance, the charge is 1 
 
 Magazines and Pamphlets. 
 
 Per sheet, not exceeding 50 miles 1 cent. 
 
 Over 50 and not exceeding 100 li 
 
 Above 100 S 
 
99 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 Situation. Between 36° 30' aud 40° 43' N. lat, 
 and 1° 40' E. and 6° 20' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Maryland, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and Ohio. South, North Carolina and 
 Tennessee. East, Maryland and Atlantic Ocean. 
 West, Kentucky and Ohio. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 220 miles; from 
 east to west, 370 miles. 
 
 ^rea. About 64,000 square miles, or 40,960,000 
 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. On the eastern shore, 
 level,|interspersed with swamps and meadows. In 
 the middle, mountainous, with many rich valleys. 
 On the west side, hilly. 
 
 Rivers. Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannock, 
 Mattapony, Pamunky, York, James, Rivannah, 
 Appomattox, Elizabeth, Nottaway, Meherrin, 
 Staunton, Ohio, Sandy, Great Kanhawa, Little 
 Kanhawa, Monongahela and Cheat. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, coal, limestone, and some cop- 
 per, black lead, and gold. 
 
 Soil. In the low part of the state, sandy, but 
 rich on the banks of the rivers. Between the head 
 of tide waters and the mountains pretty good. The 
 mountains poor, but many fertile valleys. West of 
 the mountains, generally good. 
 
 Produce. Wheat and tobacco are the staples ; 
 corn, rye, barley, buckwheat, hemp, flax, roots, 
 grass, fruit, indigo, and some silk. 
 
 Climate. In the low country, summers hot, and 
 winters, mild. In the upper country, and among 
 
 o 
 
100 
 
 the mountains, the air is pure and the weather 
 pleasaiu. To the westward, temperate. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 Accou.o.k 
 Albeimrle 
 Aiiia.lia 
 All lierst 
 Au.^iista 
 Ba>h 
 Bid ford 
 Bt . kt-iey 
 Bo'evourt 
 Bro'ke 
 BriMiswick 
 Buck:ii^'liam 
 Campbell 
 Caroline 
 Charles City 
 Charlolte 
 Chesterfield 
 Cumberland 
 Culpeper 
 Cabell 
 Dinwiddie 
 Elizabeth City 
 Essex 
 Faquier 
 Fan fax 
 Fluvanna 
 Frederick 
 Franklin 
 Gloucester 
 Goochland 
 Grayson 
 Greenbrier 
 Greensville 
 Giles 
 Halifax 
 Hmipshire 
 Hanover 
 Hardy 
 Harrison 
 Ht-nrico 
 Henry 
 
 Isle of Wight 
 Jaii.es City 
 Jefit rson 
 Kanhawa 
 K ne and Queen 
 K'l) ; GfOij,!' 
 
 King William 
 
 Population. 
 
 Chief To'wns and Population. 
 
 15,743 
 
 Drununond 
 
 18,268 
 
 Ciiarlottesvdle 
 
 10,594 
 
 
 10 548 
 
 New G las ROW 
 
 14,308 
 
 S .union 
 
 4,837 
 
 W.. .ni Springs 
 
 16.148 
 
 L.bcilv 
 
 11,479 
 
 M<tr ins burs' 
 
 13,301 
 
 F.ncastle 700 
 
 5,843 
 
 Charlestown 
 
 15 411 
 
 
 20,059 
 
 New Canton 
 
 11,001 
 
 Lyncliburj^ 
 
 17,544 
 
 5,186 
 
 13,161 
 
 Port Royal 1,500 
 
 Marysville 
 
 9,979 
 
 Manchester 
 
 9,992 
 
 Cartersville 
 
 18,967 
 
 Fa.rfax 
 
 2,717 
 
 
 12,524 
 
 Petersburg 5,668 
 
 3,608 
 
 Hampion 
 
 9,376 
 
 Tappahannock 600 
 
 22,689 
 
 Warrenujwn 
 
 13.111 
 
 Cemreville 
 
 4,775 
 
 Columbia 
 
 22.574 
 
 Win.hes er 2,500 
 
 10,724 
 
 Rocky Mount 
 
 10,427 
 
 
 10,203 
 
 
 4.941 
 
 Greensville 
 
 5,914 
 
 Lewisburg 
 
 6,858 
 
 Hicksford 
 
 3.745 
 
 
 22,133 
 
 So'ith Boston 
 
 9,784 
 
 Romney 
 
 15,082 
 
 Hanover 
 
 5,525 
 
 Moorfields 
 
 9.958 
 
 Claikisburg 
 
 9,945 
 
 RicuMONn 9,735 
 
 5,611 
 
 Mart 'nsvi lie 
 
 9,186 
 
 Smilhfield 
 
 9,094 
 
 Williamsburg 1,500 
 
 11,851 
 
 Charlts Town 
 
 3,866 
 
 Charles Town 
 
 10,988 
 
 Dunkirk 
 
 6,454 
 
 
 9.285 
 
 Delaware 
 
101 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 iLee 
 
 Loudon 
 
 Lii'iisa 
 
 Lunenburg 
 
 Madison 
 
 M.nhews 
 
 Mecklinburg 
 
 Middlesex 
 
 Moii'-ngalia 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 Mason 
 
 Nansemond 
 
 Nt-w Kent 
 
 Norfolk County 
 
 Nor.hampton 
 
 Northumberland 
 
 Not t away 
 
 Nelson 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Orange 
 
 Patrick 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 Pittsylvania 
 
 Powhatan 
 
 Prince Edward 
 
 Princess Anne 
 
 Prmcf Wdliam 
 
 Prince George 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Riciimond 
 
 Rn kbridg'e 
 
 Rockingham 
 
 R.isself 
 
 Shenandoah 
 
 Southampton 
 
 Spo'svlvania 
 
 Stafford 
 
 Surry 
 
 Sussex 
 
 Tazewell 
 
 * Tyler 
 
 Warwick 
 
 Washington 
 
 Westmoreland 
 
 Wood 
 
 Wvthe 
 
 YoVk 
 
 City of Richmond 
 
 Norfolk Borough 
 
 Petersburg 
 
 97 
 
 5,592 
 4,694 
 
 21,3.38 
 
 i 1.900 
 
 12,265 
 8,381 
 4,227 
 
 18,453 
 4,414 
 
 1?,793 
 5.444 
 8,409 
 1,991 
 
 10,324 
 6,478 
 
 13,679 
 7,474 
 8,308 
 9,278 
 9,684 
 8,175 
 
 12.323 
 4,695 
 4 2.39 
 
 17 172 
 8,073 
 
 12.409 
 9,498 
 
 11,311 
 8,0/50 
 2,8.'i4 
 6,214 
 
 10,318 
 
 12,753 
 6,316 
 
 13,646 
 
 13.497 
 
 13,296 
 9,830 
 6,855 
 
 11,362 
 3,007 
 
 1.885 
 12,136 
 8,102 
 3,036 
 8,356 
 5.187 
 9,735 
 9,193 
 5,668 
 
 974,622 
 
 Kilmarnock 
 Jonesville 
 Leesburg 400 
 
 Hungary 
 Madison 
 
 St. Tammany 
 Urbanna 
 Morgan Town 
 Union Town 
 Christiansburg 
 Point Pleasant 
 S.iflblk 350 
 Cumberland 
 Norfolk 9,193 
 
 Bridge Town 
 
 Wheeling 
 Stannardsville 
 
 Franklin 
 Danville 
 
 James Town 
 
 KempsviUe 
 
 Haymarket 
 
 Beverly 
 
 Lexington 400 
 
 Fr.inklin 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Jerusalem 
 
 Fredericksburg l,.50O 
 
 Falmouth 
 
 Cobham 
 
 Jeffersonville 
 
 Abingdon 
 Leeds 
 Newport 
 Evansham 
 York 700 
 
 Laid out since last Census. 
 
1^ 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFFCES. 
 
 „YOTE. — The Jirst name in the follu-wing list is the natne of the Post OJici, 
 the s'coiid is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
 Washins^ton. 
 
 Abingdon, Washington 404 
 Accomac c. h-, Aci;omac 214 
 Aldie, Loudon 35 
 Amelia c. h., Amelia 185 
 Amherst c- h., Amherst 190 
 Amherst Sp., Amherst 211 
 Amissville, C'llpeper 86 
 Annsville, Dinvviddie 178 
 Aq ia, Stafford 42 
 Aquia Run Mills, Stafford 48 
 Arnold's Old Place, Fauquier 56 
 Austinville, Wythe 360 
 Aylett's, King Wdliam 120 
 Bacon Castle, Surry 197 
 Baird's Tavern. B>ickingham 202 
 Ballsville, Powhatan 171 
 Barber's Fai.qiiier 57 
 Barboursville, Orang-e 113 
 Barnett's Tavern, Fauquier 59 
 Barn Tavern, Southampton 175 
 Barrens, Prince William 48 
 Bath c. h. or Warm Springs, Bath 
 
 222 
 Battletown, Frederick 58 
 Bayley's Store, Frederick 82 
 Bayleysburg, Southampton 203 
 Belleville, Wood 
 Bent Creek, Buckingham 222 
 Bentlysville, Halifax 275 
 Berkeley Sprinirs, Berkeley 110 
 Bethlehem -}- Roads, Southamp- 
 ton 208 
 Beverly or Randolph c. h., Ran- 
 dolph 229 
 Big Lick, Botetourt 266 
 Bl'at ks & Whites, Nottaway 188 
 Black Walnut, Halifax 256 
 Bloomsburg, Halifax 286 
 Bold F untain, Charlotte 253 
 Bowler's, Essex 129 
 B )wl ng Green, Caroline 80 
 Bowyersville, Southampton 224 
 Braydon's Store, Loudon 44 
 Bradley Hall, Prince William 33 
 Bridgeport, Harrison 265 
 Broadfield, Westmoreland 90 
 Brooke c. h., Brooke 270 
 Brownsburg, Rockbridge 196 
 Brown's Store, Franklin 261 
 Brown's Turnpike, Albemarle 139 
 Brvdie's Store, Lunenburg 225 
 
 Buckbannan, Harrison 239 
 B ickingham c. h., Buckingham 190 
 BuckLnd, Prince William 41 
 Buffaloe, Mason 392 
 BurtonsviUe, Orange 109 
 Cabell 0. h., Cabeir426 
 Cat)in Point, Surry 171 
 Ca Ira, Cumberland 185 
 Callaghan's, Bath 250 
 Calland's Store, Pittsylvania 319 
 Campbell c. h., Campbell 218 
 Carter's Store, Halifax 290 
 Cartcrsville, Cumberland 172 
 Cassel's Store, Amelia 
 Cavesville, Orange 119 
 Centreville, Fairfax 23 
 Chalk Level, Pittsylvania 256 
 Charles City ( . h-, Charles City 153 
 Charleston, Jefferson 63 
 CharL tte c h., Charlotte 228 
 Charlottesville, Albemarle 134 
 Chesterfield c. h., Chesterfield 138 
 Christianville, Mecklenburg 251 
 City Point, Prince George 158 
 Clarkesburg, Harrison 227 
 Clement Town, Amelia 189 
 Clover Dale, Botetourt 207 
 Coal Mines, Chesterfield 140 
 Cold Stream Mills, Hampshire 100 
 Colesville, Chesterfield 154 
 Columbia, Fluvanna 151 
 Concord, Campbell 220 
 Conrad's Store, Rockingham I6l 
 Corn's Store, Patrick 
 Crab Bottom, Pendleton 210 
 Crab Orchard, Washington 366 
 Crichton's Store, Brunswick 177 
 Crewsville, Hanover 109 
 Cross Keys, Southampton 210 
 Cuckooville, Louisa 124 
 Culpeper c. h,, Culpeper 77 
 Cumberland c h , Cumberland 179 
 Danielsville, Spottsylvania 78 
 Danville, Pittsylvania 291 
 Darvill's, Dinwiddle 154 
 Davis's, Mecklenburg 218 
 Davis's Tavern, Sussex 190 
 Deatonsville, Amelia 209 
 Deep Creek, Norfolk 236 
 D. nnis, Amelia 176 
 Dickinson's Store, Caroline 
 
103 
 
 DickinsonvlUe, Franklin 279 
 Dinwiddle c. h.,Dinwiddie 164 
 DixviUe, Henry 318 
 Double Bridge, Lunenburg 234 
 Di)ver Mills, Goochland 144 
 Dumfries, Prince William 33 
 Dunk.rk, King and Queen 118 
 Edmnndsville, Surry 
 E>k Marsh, Fauquier 64 
 E.k Run Church, Fauquier 79 
 FituFax V- h , Fairfax 15 
 Fairfield, Bockbrdge 191 
 Falling's Waters, Berks.ley 
 Falmouth, Si afford 56 
 
 Hadensville, Goochland 140 
 Haley's Bridge, Sou.hampton 208 
 Haleysburg, Lunenburg 243 
 Halifax c.h.. Halifax 263 
 Hampstead, King George 90 
 Hampton, Elizabeth City 211 
 Hanover c. h., Hanover 103 
 Hanovertown, Hanover 111 
 Harper's Ferry, Jefferson 65 
 Harrisonburg or Rockmgham c.h., 
 
 Rockmgham 140 
 Harrison's Store, Brunswick 248 
 Harrisville, Brunswick 180 
 Hart's Store, AlbemarL 149 
 
 Farley Mills, King and Queen 148 Haste River Mills, Culpeper 86 
 
 Firleysville, Charlotte 233 
 Farmville, Prince Edward 201 
 Farnham, Richmond 146 
 Fauquier C. h., Fauquier 51 
 Felixville, Cumberland 182 
 Ferry Hill, Me klenburg 269 
 Field's Mills, B< ui.swick 186 
 Finville Mills, Hardy 120 
 Fincastle, Botetourt 244 
 Fishing Creek, Tyler 326 
 Flood's, Buckingham 210 
 Fotheringay, Montgomery 
 Frankford, Hampshire 119 
 Franklm oi Pendleton c. h.. Pen- 
 
 dleton 190 
 Fredericksburg, Spottsylvania58 
 Frenchton, Dinwiddle 166 
 Front Royal, Frederick 92 
 Games' -f- Roads, Culpeper 97 
 Genito Bridge, Powhatan 159 
 Geoge's Tavern, New Kent 147 
 Gholsonville, Britnswl' k 200 
 Gibson's Store, Fauquier 64 
 Giles' c.h., Giles 322 
 Glenn's, Glouces er 159 
 Gloucester, Gloucester 171 
 Goochland c. h., Goochland 131 
 Goodwinsville, Dinwiddle 164 
 Gordonsville, Orange 115 
 Goshen, Loudon 35 
 Grandville, Monongalia 212 
 Granville Mills. Charles City 141 
 Grasiy's Store, Pittsylvania 251 
 Grave Creek, Ohio 330 
 Grayson c h., Grayson 382 
 Great Bridge, Norfolk 239 
 Green Hill, Campbell 249 
 Green Vallev, Bath 
 Greenville, Augusta 185 
 Grlmsboy's, Fauquier 
 Gum Springs, Orange 78 
 Guyandotte, Cabell 423 
 
 HawksbiU Mills, Shenandoah 117 
 Hay Market, Prince William 38.^ 
 Hendersonville, Nottaway 205 
 Hendrick's Store, Bedford 249 
 Hermitage, Pr-ince Edward 228 
 Hick's Ford, Greenville 192 
 HiUsboro', Loudon 51 
 Hillshoro', Culpeper 104 
 Holiday Cove, Brooke 
 HoHinsw'orlh's Ferry, Mason 437 
 Hopkinsvllle, Powhatan 143 
 Horntown, Accomac 188 
 Hot Springs, Bath 231 
 Hughesville, Patrick 327 
 Hungrytown, Lunenburg 217 
 Huttonsvllle, Randolph 233 
 InglesvlUe, Montgomery 311 
 Isabella Furnace, Shenandoah 138 
 Jackson's Mills, Harrison 256 
 Jacksonville, Wood 341 
 Jacksonville, Hancock 108 
 James' City, Madison 90 
 Jamestown, Prince Edward 209 
 Jeffersonton, Culpeper 62 
 Jeffres's Store, Nottaway 206 
 Jemappe, Caroline 70 
 Jenetoe Bridge, Powhatan 167 
 Jerusalem, Southampton 199 
 Kanhawa c. h., Kanhawa 364 
 Kanhawa Saline, Kanhawa 360 
 Kennedy's, Brunswick 201 
 Keysville, Charlotte 
 Kilmarnock, Lancaster 175 
 Kng George c. h., King George 80 
 King's Ferry, Monongalia 224 
 Kingwood, Monongalia 185 
 King and Queen c. h,. King and 
 
 Queen 140 
 Klusale, Westmoreland 136 
 Kite's Mill, Rockingham 141 
 Lancaster c h., Lancaster 168 
 Laneaville, King William 146 
 
Langhorne's Tavern, Cumberland Moorfield, Hardy 123 
 
 185 Moqutson G.p, ScoU 419 
 
 Laurence's, So thamplon 223 Morgansville, Noltaway 182 
 
 Lay on's, Essex 98 Morj^aniown, Monongali» 201 
 
 Lee c. li., Lee 511 Monisville, Fauquier 71 
 
 Leedstown, Westmoreland 98 Mount Hope, Shenandoah 97 
 LeesH iig, Loudon 35 Mount Horeb, Nelson 170 
 
 LfW.sbnrg, Greenbrier 273 Mount Laurel, Halifax 248 
 
 Le'vis's Store, Spottsylvaiiia 90 Mount Pleasant, Shenandoah 
 LewisviUe, Briins»\ ir.k 202 Mountville, Loudon 
 
 Lexington, Rockbndsre 209 Month of Cow Pasture, Botetourt 
 
 Liberty, Bedford 234 Natural Bridge, Rockbridge 224 
 
 LdU-y Point, Km..' Vdliam 137 New B:.ltimore, Fauquier 45 
 
 Lmdsav's St.)re, A'bemarle 119 Newbern, Montcromery 324 
 L "le Cape Capon, Hampshire 109 Newby's Cross Roads, Ctdpeper96^ 
 
 L'^tle Plymouth, Kmg and Queen New Canton, Buckingham 166 
 
 147 New Glasgow Amherst 195 
 
 Lloyd's, Rsse-s 105 New Fniird Mills, Hanover 98 
 Ljrnb.ir.iv Grove, Mecklinburg 233 Now Kent c- h., N w K-nt 143 
 
 Loietto, Es.-ex 91 Ni w London, Campbell 219 
 
 Lf'Uisa c It, Louisa 116 New Mtrkei, Kin;r and Queen 
 
 Lov ngion, Nelson 171 New Market Spottsyivania 
 
 L'i'.k.'H's, Orange 122 New M:,>ket, Slunandoah 120 
 
 L'.i •c'i bare, c h, Lunenburg 226 New VJarkti. Pr .ce Wdliam 29 
 
 Lnray, Shenandoah 131 New Store. Buikin.ijham 208 
 
 Lvri iibipr<j, Campbell 206 Newtown, King and Queen 105 
 
 Ai'Karliuid's, L inenb'irff 212 Newt wn, Frederick 75 
 
 M'G>iiiey&t'iwi. R' ckingham 152 Nc w Y'nk, Albemarle 154 
 
 M Whoiter's Mills, Hnrnson 552 Nineveh or Compton's Store, Fre- 
 Mailison c. h., Moigan 99 derick 84 
 
 Manchester, Chesierfield 12^ Nol;;nd's Ferry, Loudon 43 
 
 M "sfi. Id, Am. lia 163 Noifolk, Norfolk 229 
 
 Mar.-.iic.llsvilk, Meckiinbnrg 266 Northampton c. h., Northampton 
 M. rt nsburg. Be keley 84 257 
 
 Ma* tinsvdle or Henry c- h , Henry Norih End, Matthews 180 
 
 307 Northumberland c h., Northum- 
 Marvsville, Campbell 234 berland 156 
 
 Matthews c- h,, M. 'thews 190 North W. R Bridge, Norfolk 251 
 
 Mecklinburg c. h , Mecklinburg Oak Grove, Limenb'rg 210 
 
 297 Oak Hill or Ashe's Store, Fauquier 
 Midfilebtook, Augusta 185 65 
 
 M (Idleb rg. Loudon 44 Oak Hill, Me. kiinburg 
 
 M:ddletown, Frederiik 83 0;iks, Hanover 
 
 M ddlewav, JefTcrsun 85 Occoquan, Prince William 23 
 
 MiUl'oro', Bath 221 Offut's, Hampshire 93 
 
 Mill Creek, Berkeley 93 Oidecker's Mills, Frederick 103 
 
 Miller's Tavern, Essex 127 Orange c. h , Orange 104 
 
 Ml 1 F.rui, ' arobne 95 Or.tnge Springs, Orange 92 
 
 M llville, Kmg Georire 90 O, le. n. Fauquier 
 
 Mdlwood, Frederick 64 Otter Bridge, Bedford 245 
 
 Milt 'U, \lbemarle 128 Overall's, Shenandoah 107 
 
 Mo kinson Gap, Washington Owen's T:.vern, Middlesex 
 
 Mononi^aliela Glades, Monongalia Oxford, Caroline 93 
 
 Monroe c h.or Union, Monroe 297 Paddytown. Hampshire 136 
 
 Moni.tfiiie, Essex 133 Paineville, \melia 203 
 
 Montgomery c. h., Montgomery Parham's Stort , Sussex 176 
 
 298 Paris, Fauquier 56 
 
105 
 
 Parkersburg or Wood c. h.. Wood Scott's Ferry, Albemarle 
 
 320 ' Scott's Mills. CJiarlotte 
 
 Painck c. h., Patrick 342 Scott's Cross Koads, Fairfax 12 
 
 Pattonsburg, Boietourt 237 ScottsviUe, Puwhdtan 156 
 
 Pedlar's Mills, Amhersi 224 Shackletbrd's, Kin}' and Queen 161 
 
 Penn's Store, Patrick 342 Sluitonboro', Pittsylvania 296 
 
 Percival's, Biunswick 191 Shelton's Store, Goochland 228 
 
 Perk'nsville, Amelia 195 , Sheniindoah Fork, Shenandoah 120 
 
 Petersburi^, Dinwiddie 146 Sheppardstown, Jefferson 74 
 
 Pe;ei stowii, Monroe Sherrard's Store, Hampshire 98 
 
 Pinty Grove, Southampton 215 Shoulder's Hill, Nansemond 
 
 Piiis% lie, see Loretto Shrewsbury, Kanhawa 354 
 Pii bvlvrtnia c. h., Pittsylvania 274 Singleton's, Southampton 198 
 
 PK sant Grove, Lunenb'>ig 237 Smithfield, Isle of Wight 206 
 
 Pltasaril Valley, Fairfax 35 Sne ad's Tavern, Fluvanna 
 Plou.^h and Harrow, Augusta 164 Snicker's Ferr}, Frederick 
 
 Point Pleasant, Mason 425 Snicker's Gap, Loudon 53 
 
 Port Republic, Rockingham 149 Somerville, Fauquier 56 
 
 Poi I Royal, Caroline 80 South Hill, Mt-cklinburg 230 
 
 Portsmouth, Norfolk 231 South Quay, Nansemond 212 
 
 PottiesviUe, Louisa 98 Spanish Grove, Mecklinburg254 
 
 Powhatan c. h., see ScottsviUe Speed & Wilson's Store,Halifax 260 
 
 Price's Mills, Lou.su 121 Spotted Tavern, Stafford 68 
 
 Prince Edward c. b.. Prince Ed- Spottsvlvania c. h,Spoltsylvania 73 
 
 w ard 208 Springfield, Loudon 31 
 
 Prospect, Prince Edward 229 Springfield, Hampshire 131 
 
 Prospect Hill, Fairfax 15 Spring Hill, Louisa 
 
 Prunt}^ Town, Harrison 211 Spnnghill, Fauquier 49 
 
 Piighiown, Fi-fderick 79 Stafford c. h., Stafford 47 
 
 Pii ngoteauyue, Accomac 227 Siannardsville, Orange 119 
 
 Qiiarrelsville, Brunswick 195 Staunton, Augusta 174 
 
 K ne's Tavern, Cumberland 195 Staunton Hill, Charlotte 
 R..ppahann ck Academy, Caroline Stevensburg, Culpeper 93 
 
 75 Sievensville, King and Queen 
 
 Red's Store, Campbell 235 S'ony Pomt, Albemarle 173 
 
 Rchmoncl, Hennco 123 Strasbnrg, Shenandoah 88 
 
 Richmond c. h , Richmond 122 St. Pammanv's, Mecklinburg 241 
 
 Rohriis' Store, HalifiX 278 Suffolk. Nansemond 228 
 
 Ro> k Hill Mills, Fauquier 39 Surry, c. h., Surry 186 
 
 RjckviUt J Frederick Stissex c. h., Sussex 174 
 Rockingham c. h., see Harrison- Sweet Springs, Monroe 272 
 
 burg Sycamore Grove, Mecklinburg 
 
 Rocky Mount, Franklin 282 Tappahannock, Essex 117 
 
 Rock Spring, Nelson Tazewell c. h., Tazewell 386 
 
 Romney, Hampshire 116 Teaze's Valley, Kanhawa 370 
 
 Rose Mills, Amherst 190 Terryville, Mecklinburg 267 
 Rough Creek Church, Charlotte Thompson's -f Roads.Louisa 
 
 237 Thompson's Store, Hanover 
 Rumford Academy, King William Thornburg, Spottsylvania 72 
 
 125 Thornton's Gap, Culpeper 125 
 
 Rus.sell 0. h., Russell 436 Thrasher's Store, Loudon 55 
 
 Salem, Botetourt 273 Tinsleyville, Goochland 173 
 
 Salt-m, Fauquier 63 Traveller's Repose, Greenbrier 147 
 
 Sandy Fork, Mccklinburg 273 Tyler c. h., Tyler 
 
 Sandy Hook,. Culpeper 101 Union, Loudon 58 
 
 Scottsburg, Halitax 269 Umoti Mill.-,. Fl vanna 143. 
 Scott c. h., Scott 466 Uppei'ville, Loudon 53 
 
i06 
 
 Urbanna, Middlesex 149 Wheeler's Springs, Pr. Edward 232 
 
 Urquhart's Store, Southampton White Chimnies, Caroline 93 
 
 Variety, Nelson 179 White Plains, Orange 83 
 
 Vielleboro*, Caroline 71 While Post, Frederick 87 
 
 Village Hill, Nottaway 187 White Rock, Halifax 
 
 Vineyard, Mecklinburg 222 White Rock, Charlotte 
 
 Wad'kin's Store, Pittsylvania 299 White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier 
 
 Walkerton, King and Queen 128 253 
 
 Walnut Branch, Fauqiiier 56 Wilderness, Spottsylvania 88 
 
 Warminster, Amherst 168 Wilkinsonville, Chesterfield 155 
 
 Warren, Albemarle 156 Williamsburg, James City 173 
 
 Warren's Store, Halifax Wilmington, Fluvanna 182 
 
 Washington, Culpeper 107 Winchester, Frederick 70 
 
 Waterford, Loudon 42 Wicomico Church, Northumber- 
 
 Wattsboro', Ltmenburg 233 land 165 
 
 Waynesboro', Augusta 161 Woodstock, Shenandoah 100 
 
 Wellsburg, Brook 286 Woodville. Culpeper 98 
 
 West Liberty, Ohio 272 Woodville, Hanover 
 
 Westmoreland c. h., Westmore- Wylliesburg, Charlotte 254 
 
 land 110 Wythe c. h. , Wythe 340 
 
 Westward Mills, Brunswick 198 Yancey's Mills, Albemarle 13§ 
 
 Wheatland's, Prince William Yanceyville, Louisa 133 
 
 Wheeling, Ohio 286 Yorktown, York 185. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 Situation. Between 38° 30' and 42° N. lat. and 
 3° S2 and 7° 40' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Lake Erie and Mi- 
 chigan Territory. South and south-east, Ken- 
 tucky and Virginia. East, Pennsylvania. West, 
 Indiana. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, S04 miles ; from 
 east to west 210. 
 
 ^rea. About 39,000 square miles, or 24,960,000 
 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. On the north, nearly level, 
 sloping towards Lake Erie. Middle agreeably 
 uneven, abounding with plains. South and south- 
 east elevated. In some places hilly. 
 
 Rivers. Ohio, Muskingum, Hock hocking, Scio- 
 to, Great and Little Miami, Miami of the lakes, 
 
107 
 
 8t. Mary's, Au Glaize, Sandusky, Huron, Ter- 
 milioti. Black, Rocky, (Jayahot^ajChagriue, Grand, 
 Ashtabula, Coniicought, and Beaver. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, coal, limestone, freestone, very 
 abundant. 
 
 Soil. Generally excellent, particularly in the 
 south-west part of the state. 
 
 Produce. Wheat is the staple. Other grains, 
 grasses, roots, and fruit in great profusion, hemp, 
 flax, and some cotton. 
 
 Climate. Temperate and healthy. Heat of sum- 
 mer, moderate. Winters, mild. Spring and fall, 
 delightful. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 To~Miships. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Chief Toivns and Population. 
 
 Adams 
 
 9 
 
 9,434 
 
 West Union 224 
 
 * Ashtabula 
 
 
 
 Jefterson 
 
 Athens 
 
 4 
 
 2,791 
 
 Athens tp. 840 
 
 Belmont 
 
 11 
 
 11,097 
 
 St Clairsville 
 
 Butler 
 
 9 
 
 11,150 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Cayahoga 
 
 4 
 
 1,459 
 
 Cleveland tp. 547 
 
 Champaign 
 
 9 
 
 6,303 
 
 Urbanna 
 
 • Clark 
 
 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Clermont 
 
 8 
 
 9,965 
 
 Williamsburg, tp. 1,251 
 
 Clinton 
 
 3 
 
 2,674 
 
 Wilmington 
 
 Columbiana 
 
 17 
 
 10,878 
 
 New Lisbon 
 
 * Coshocton 
 
 
 
 Coshocton 
 
 • Dirk 
 
 
 
 
 Delaware 
 * Erie 
 Fairfield 
 
 7 
 
 2,000 . 
 
 Delaware 
 
 15 
 
 11,361 
 
 New Lancaster 
 
 Fayette 
 
 4 
 
 1,854 
 
 Washington 
 
 Franklin 
 
 8 
 
 3,486 
 
 CFranklinton tp. 916 
 
 ^COLCMBUS 448 
 
 Gallia 
 
 12 
 
 4,181 
 
 Gallipolis 
 
 Geauga 
 
 8 
 
 2,917 
 
 Char don 
 
 Guernsey 
 
 9 
 
 3,051 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Greene 
 
 6 
 
 5,870 
 
 Zenia tp. 1,429 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 11 
 
 15,258 
 
 Cincinnati tp. 2,540 
 
 * Harrison 
 
 
 
 
 Highland 
 
 7 
 
 5,766 
 
 Hillsborough 
 
 * Huron 
 
 
 
 
 Jefft:rson 
 
 15 
 
 17,260 
 
 Steubenville tp. 1,617 
 
 * Johnson 
 
 
 
 
i08 
 
 Knox 
 
 3 
 
 2,149 
 
 Mount Vernon 
 
 Licking 
 
 7 
 
 3,852 
 
 Newark tp 539 
 
 M'dison 
 
 
 
 1,603 
 
 New London 
 
 * Medina 
 
 
 
 
 M imi 
 
 6 
 
 3,941 
 
 Troy 
 
 • Monroe 
 
 
 
 
 Montjifomery 
 
 7 
 
 7,722 
 
 Dayton 1p. 1,746 
 
 MMskmg'um 
 
 11 
 
 10,036 
 
 Zanesville tp. 2,154 
 
 Pickaway 
 
 10 
 
 7,124 
 
 C^rcleville 
 
 Portage 
 
 9 
 
 2,995 
 
 Ravenna 
 
 Preble 
 
 7 
 
 3,3u4 
 
 E.iion 
 
 • Richland 
 
 
 
 Mansfield 
 
 Ross 
 
 16 
 
 15.514 
 
 ChiUicoihe tp. 1,369 
 
 Scioto 
 
 9 
 
 3,399 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 Stark 
 
 7 
 
 2,734 
 
 Canton tp. 646 
 
 Trumbull 
 
 19 
 
 8,671 
 
 Warren tp. 875 
 
 Tuscarawa 
 
 
 3,045 
 
 New Philadelphia 
 
 Witrren 
 
 5 
 
 9,925 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Washington 
 
 12 
 
 5,991 
 
 Marietta tp. 1,463 
 
 • Wayne 
 
 
 
 Wooster 
 
 43 
 
 320 
 
 230,760 
 
 • Laid out since last Census. 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JVOTE. — The Jirst name in the foUoivijig list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, tlie figures denote the distance from 
 Washington. 
 
 Achor, Jefferson 297 
 Adelphi, Ross 392 
 Ashtabula, Ashtabula 387 
 Athens, Athens 347 
 Aurora, Portage 347 
 Austinville, Ashtabula 315 
 Austinburjj, Asht-bula 362 
 Auhtintown, Warren 296 
 Avery, Huron 409 
 Bauibridge, Ri)S> 425 
 BainesviUe, Belmom 318 
 Belpre, Washington 319 
 Bt rkshire, D( lawaie 431 
 Bethel, Clermont 6j6 
 Bloomfieia, Tnimbull 346 
 Boa! il man, IrumouU 286 
 Boat Run, CIcrm mt 525 
 BraceviUe, Warren 317 
 Broukfield, Trumbull 325 
 Burton, Geauga 342 
 Ca iiz, Jeflfrrson 302 
 Camb'-idi^e, Muskini^um 303 
 Canfif Id, rrmi.bi.ll 291 
 Canton, Starke 318 
 
 Capitina Creek, Bel mom 312 
 Cat's Creek Mills, Wishintcton 327 
 Centreville, Montj^omcry 486 
 Ciuiijrin River, dyahoga 483 
 Chardon, Geauga 354 
 ChiUicothe, Ross 407 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton 504 
 Circleville, Pickaway 425 
 Cleveland, Cavahoga 387 
 Clinton, Knox 409 
 Columbia, Hamilton 507 
 Columbiana, Coltimbiana 296 
 Columbus, Franklin 418 
 Coiiklin^'s, 516 
 Conneaut, Ashtabula 383 
 Coshocton, Coshocton >fi2 
 Courtwriglit, Fairfield 426 
 Crosby, Hamilton 525 
 Darling's, Kno\ 400 
 Dayton, Montiiomerv 476 
 Deerfield, Portage 338 
 Delaware, Delaware 440 
 Denmark, Ashiabnla 379 
 Derby Creek, Madison 441 
 
109 
 
 Dover, Cayahog-a 406 
 Duff's Forks, Fayette 
 Eaton, Preble 468 
 Euclid, Cavaho.^a 395 
 Fairfield, Columbiana 430 
 Faucett's Town, Columbiana 287 
 Feestown, Ciermon' 462 
 Ferguson's Ferry, Johnsoir343 
 Fort Meigs, Erie 523 
 Foulkstown, Columbiana 291 
 Franklin. Warren 496 
 Franklinton, Franklin 419 
 Fredericktown, Knox 415 
 Freeport, Harrison 332 
 Gallipolis, Gallia 389 
 Gnadenhutten, Tuscarawa 354 
 Granger, Cayahoga 379 
 Granville, Lickmg400 
 Greene, Starke 326 
 Greenfield. Highland 428 
 Greenville, Dark 518 
 Grissel's, Columbiana 299 
 Hamilton, Butler 516 
 Hanover, Columbiana 320 
 Harpersfield, Ashtabula 330 
 HarrisvilK-, Harrison 330 
 Hartford, Trumbull 330 
 Hillsboro', Highland 449 
 Hiram, Warren 334 
 Hoover's Mills, Montgomery 
 Hudson, Portage 342 
 Huron, Huron 415 
 Huron c. h., Huron 
 Irville, Muskingum 
 Jackson c. h-, Jackson 
 Jefferson, Ashtabula 368 
 Jeromesville, Wayne 389 
 Kearresville, Northampton 209 
 Kindall, Stark 480 
 Kinsman, TrumbiiU 339 
 Knoxville, Jetieison 289 
 Lancaster, F:.irfi<-td 405 
 Lebanon, Warren 474 
 Leesburg, Highland 
 Liberty, Trumtmll 
 Little Bea\^er, Columbiana 290 
 Logan, 
 
 London, Madison 443 
 LongboHom, Athens 
 Lower Sand sky, 491 
 M'Cutchensville, Pickaway 428 
 Madison, Geauga 380 
 Madison, Hamilton 
 M;!.H hester, Adams 483 
 Mansfield, Richland 407 
 Mantua, Portage 340 
 Marietta, Washington 307 
 
 Mesopotamia, Trumbull 34i» 
 
 Middletown, Bntl?r 502 
 
 Milford, Clermont 517 
 
 Mill Creek, Cayahoga 385 
 
 Millvdle, Butler 
 
 Montgomery, Hamilton 490 
 
 Morgan, Ashtabula 373 
 
 Mornstovvn, Belmont 308 
 
 Mosser's, Tuscarawa 459 
 
 Monnt Plf asani, Jefferson 292 
 
 MoviUt Vernon, Knox 407 
 
 Mouth ot'Bla k R ver,Cayahoga420 
 
 Mosqui'o Cre.'k, Trumbull 340 
 
 Musser's Mills, Columbiana 275 
 
 Nelson, Ashtabula 328 
 
 Nelson, P )riage 345 
 
 Nevilla, Clermont 
 
 Newaik, Licking 393 
 
 New Boston, Champaign 594 
 
 Newbur.n, 365 
 
 New Haven, Huron 490 
 
 New Lexington, Pieble 
 
 New Lancaster, Fairfield 416 
 
 New Lisbon, Columbiana 283 
 
 New Market, Highland 458 
 
 New Philadelphia, Tuscarawa 344 
 
 Newport, Washington 323 
 
 New Salem, Jefferson 306 
 
 Newton, Licking 418 
 
 Newtown, Hamilton 
 
 North Bend, Hamilton 520 
 
 Oxford, 
 
 PainesviUe, Geauga 364 
 
 Palmyra, Portage 343 
 
 P:*rkman, Geauga 330 
 
 Pickaway Plains or Jefferson, Ross 
 
 422 
 Pikrtown, Pike 
 Piquarown, Miami 607 
 Pieasant's, Franklin 
 Point Harmer, Washington 320 
 Poland, Trumbull 283 
 Portsmouth, Scioto 451 
 Pnncetown, Buder 
 Putnam, Muskingum 
 Ravenna, Portage 351 
 Redfield, Oneid'a 440 
 Riclimnnd, Ross 
 R .hmond, Jefferson 
 R'iige\ille, Warren 
 R;dv!lle, Cayalioga407 
 Ripley, Adams 487 
 Rocky River, Cayahoga 397 
 Rossm. n's, Bellmont 385 
 Rutland, G'.lha 395 
 Salem, Columbiana 360 
 Salt Creek, Muskingum 
 
110 
 
 Sandyville, 
 
 Sciota Siilt Springs, Ross 421 
 Shurun, Asli abula 322 
 Sinking^ Sprang, Highland 
 SniiVlifielii, Jeff< Tson 335 
 Somerset, Fairfield 398 
 Spr ngfield, Hamilton 527 
 Sprintftield, Champaign 481 
 Springfield, Portage 488 
 Stedman's Mdls, Athens 355 
 Steiibenville, Jefferson 277 
 Stow, Portage 336 
 St. Clairsvilk . Belmont 297 
 Sunbury, Delaware 
 Talmadge, Portage 494 
 Tarlton, Fairfield 431 
 Thompson's Salt Woiks, Jefferson 
 
 282 
 Troy, Miami 493 
 Union, Mont.t;omery 
 Upper Sandusky, Iridiana 476 
 Urbanna, Champaign 467 
 Vermillion, Huron 435 
 Vernon or Smithfield, Trumbull 
 
 362 
 
 Vienna, Trumbull 32Q 
 Warren, Trumbull 312 
 Waireniown, Jeffeison 277 
 Washington, GuerriSey 345 
 Whshmi^'ton, Fayeite 431 
 Waterford, Washington 324 
 Wayne, 
 
 Waynesville, Warren 474 
 West Union, Adams 475 
 White Eyes Plains, Coshocton 359 
 Williamsburg, Clermont 489 
 Wdliamsfi. Id, Ashtabula 345 
 Wiiiinngroii, Clinton 450 
 Wilmington, Licking 
 Windsor, Trumbull 356 
 Woodsfitdd, Monroe 344 
 Wood's Mills, Gallia 
 Wooster, Wayne 378 
 Wonhinglon, Frai klin 428 
 Wrightsbiirg, Ashtabula 
 Xenia, Greene 462 
 Yellow Srings, Greene 601 
 Yoiingstown, TrnmbuU 299 
 Zanesville, Muskingum 268 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 Situation. Between 36° 30' and 39° 5' N. lat. 
 and 4° 48' and 12° 20' W. lona;. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Ohio, Indiana, and 
 Illinois Territory. South, Virginia and Tenfjes- 
 see. East, Virginia. West, Illinois and Missouri 
 Territories. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 138 miles; from 
 east to west 300 miles. 
 
 Jirea. 39,000 square miles, or 24,960.000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Generally uneven ; some 
 of it rough and hilly ; towards the east spurs of 
 the Alleghany mountains. 
 
 Rivers. Ohio, Mississippi, Sandy, Licking, 
 Kentucky, Salt, Greeu, Cumberland and Ten- 
 nessee. 
 
141 
 
 Minerals. Iron, coal, limestone, lead, copperas^ 
 alum, and salt. 
 
 Soil. Every kind, from the best to the worst. A 
 great proportion is good, and a considerable part 
 excellent. 
 
 Produce. Wheat and other grains, grass, roots, 
 fruit, hemp, flax, tobacco, cotton. 
 
 Climate. Agreeable. The thermometer seldom 
 rises above 80 in summer, or falls below 25 in 
 winter. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Comities. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Chief Towns and Populatiov 
 
 Adair 
 
 6,011 
 
 Columbia 175 
 
 Barren 
 
 11,286 
 
 Glasgow 244 
 
 • Bath 
 
 
 
 Boojie 
 
 3,608 
 
 
 Bracken 
 
 3,451 
 
 Augusta 255 
 
 Breckenridge 
 
 3,430 
 
 
 Bourbon 
 
 18,009 
 
 Paris 838 
 
 Butler 
 
 2,181 
 
 
 Bullett 
 
 4,311 
 
 
 Clarke 
 
 11,519 
 
 Winchester 53.8 
 
 Casey 
 
 3,285 
 
 Liberty 33 
 
 Campbell 
 
 3,060 
 
 Newpori 413 
 
 Christian 
 
 11,020 
 
 HopkmsonviUe 131 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 6,191 
 
 Biirkesville 106 
 
 Clay 
 
 2,398 
 
 
 Caldwell 
 
 4,268 
 
 
 Estill 
 
 2,082 
 
 
 Fayette 
 
 21,370 
 
 Lexingfton 4,326 
 
 Franklin 
 
 8,ol3 
 
 Frankfoht 1,099 
 
 Fleming 
 
 8,947 
 
 
 Floyd 
 
 3,485 
 
 Prestonville 32 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 3,307 
 
 Port William 120 
 
 Greenup 
 
 2,369 
 
 
 Green 
 
 6,735 
 
 Greensburg 132 
 
 Grayson 
 
 2,301 
 
 
 Garrard 
 
 9,i86 
 
 Lancaster 260 
 
 Henry 
 
 6,777 
 
 Newcastle 125 
 
 Harrison 
 
 7,752 
 
 Cmthiana 369 
 
 Henderson 
 
 4,703 
 
 Henderson 159 
 
 Harden 
 
 7,531 
 
 Elizabeth Town 181 
 
 H'lpkins 
 
 2,964 
 
 MadisonviUe o7 
 
 Jessamine 
 
 8,377 
 
 Nicholasville 158 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 13,399 
 
 Louisville 1,357 
 
 Knox 
 
 5,875 
 
 Barboursville 55 
 
 * Lexington 
 
 
 
lit 
 
 Living'stOH 
 
 3,674 
 
 Smithland 99 
 
 Lewis 
 
 2,357 
 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 8,676 
 
 
 Logan 
 
 12.123 
 
 Rnsselville 532 
 
 Mason 
 
 12 459 
 
 Washington 815 
 
 Mercer 
 
 12.630 
 
 Danville 432 
 
 Madison 
 
 15,540 
 
 Richmonil 366 
 
 Muhlenburg 
 
 4,181 
 
 Greenvillf 75 
 
 Mon gornery 
 
 12.975 
 
 Mountslerling 325 
 
 Nicholas 
 
 4,898 
 
 
 Nelson 
 
 14.U78 
 
 Beardstown 821 
 
 Ohio 
 
 3,682 
 
 Hartford 110 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 6,897 
 
 
 Penilleton 
 
 3,061 
 
 Falmouth 121 
 
 Rockcastle 
 
 1,731 
 
 
 Scoit 
 
 12,419 
 
 Georgeiown 529 
 
 Shelby 
 
 14,837 
 
 Shelbyville 424 
 
 * Union 
 
 
 
 Wa\ ne 
 
 5,430 
 
 Monticello 37 
 
 Washington 
 
 13.^48 
 
 Springfield 249 
 
 Warren 
 
 11,937 
 
 Bowlin<-grtrn 154 
 
 AVoodf'ord 
 
 9,659 
 
 Versailles 488 
 
 57 406,511 
 
 * Laid out since last Census. 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JVOTE. — The Jirst name in the follotving list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, the Jlgures denote the distance from 
 Washington. 
 
 Adair c. h., Adair 658 Danville, Mercer .585 
 
 Allen c. h., Allen 700 Dripping Springs, Warren 708 
 
 Augusta, Bracken 510 Dry Ridge. Pendleton 
 
 Baitdstown, Nelson 615 Eddj Grove, Caldwell 696 
 
 BarboursviUe, Knox 556 Eddwille, Caldwell 806 
 
 Berry's Lick, Logan 745 Elizabethtown, see Harden c. h., 
 
 Boone c. h., Boone 521 640 
 
 Boone Station, Fayet'e 580 EUisville or Lower Blue Lick, Ni- 
 
 Bowling Green, Wari-en 702 cholas 512 
 
 Brunerstown, .lefferson 609 Estdl c. h , Es ill 555 
 
 Bnlleltsburg, Boone 517 Everett's House, Lewis 
 
 Burkesvllle, Cumberland 708 Ewingville, Christian 749 
 
 Butler, Butler 428 Falmouth or Pendleton c. h., Pen- 
 
 Campbellsville, Greene 654 dleton 543 
 
 Cassedy's Creek, Nicholas SoZ Fleming c. h , Fleming 518 
 
 Catlettsburg, Greenup 435 Flinn's Fork, C;.ld\\ell 796 
 
 Centreville, Livingston 834 Floyd's c h , Flovd 621 
 
 Cinthiana, Harrison 529 Frankfort, Franklin 565 
 
 Clay c h. or Manchester, Clay 608 Fredericksburg, Gallatin 573 
 
 Coffey's Ferry, Pulaski 665 Gaines, Boone 524 
 
 Covington, Campbell 512 George's, Harrison 
 
 Crab Orchard, Lincoln 609 Georgetown, Scott 548 
 
HS 
 
 Glas.Efow, Barren 672 
 
 Grant's Lick, Campbell 512 
 Greai Crossings Scott 575 
 Giernsburg or Green c. h., Green 
 
 642 
 Gr envilU.Mtililenburg 739 
 Git-t^'.up, c. h., Greenup 455 
 Hiiiiitnburg- or Brt ■ kenndge.c. h., 
 
 Brer kenridge 678 
 Hardtii c h- or Elizabethtown, 
 
 Harden 662 
 HariodsijiMc, Mercer 595 
 H..r.tbrd, Ohi" 715 
 H..zlep;itch or Rice's, Knox 586 
 Henderson, Henderson 751 
 Hojikm^ivule, Chrisuan 765 
 Ishellsville, Christian 745 
 Jeflersontown, Jefferson 632 
 Lancaster, Gurrard 596 
 Laurence's Hotel, Franklin 
 Lebanon, Washington 
 Lewallins, 
 
 Lewisburg, Muhlenburg 730 
 Lewis c. h., Lewis 489 
 Lexington, Fayette 552 
 Liberty, Casey 
 Litchfield, Grayson 620 
 Lit i It Sandy SaU Works, Greenup 
 
 481 
 Long Creek, Caldwell 815 
 Louisville, Jefferson 617 
 Madisonville, Hopkins 759 
 Mviiichester, sire Clay c h., 
 Marysville, Harrison 517 
 May's Lick, Mason 500 
 Maysvdle, Mason 488 
 Middleburg, Nelson 604 
 Middletown, Jefferson 605 
 Mdlersbnrg, Bourbon 525 
 Minerva, Mason 501 
 Monticello, Wayne 650 
 Morganfield, Union 786 
 Morgan's, Muhlenburg 773 
 Mwintain Island, Scott 
 Mount Sterling, Montgomery 543 
 
 Mount Vernon, Rockcastle 604 
 
 Mount Zon, Onion 794 
 
 Ni wberg, Ctinstiun 
 
 Newberry, Christian 
 
 Newcastle or Henry c. h., Henrv . 
 
 591 
 Newport, Campbell 505 
 Ni « a<\vn, Harrison 523 
 Nicholasviile, Jessamine 564 
 Olympian Springs, Bath 555 
 Owingsville, Balh 
 Owenboro, Daviess 722 
 Paris or Bourbontown, Bourbon 
 
 533 
 Patesville, Breckenridge 715 
 Pendleto c. n., see Falmouth 
 Perrysvilie, Mercer 
 Portwillian., Gallatin 584 
 Rams-ay's Ferry, Livingston 
 Richmond, M..dison 572 
 Ro< ky Kidge, Chribtian 779 
 Russelville, L-gan 727 
 Saunder's Miils, Gallatin 601 
 S.lem, Livingston 828 
 Shelby, Bath 
 Sheli.yv die, Shelby 587 
 Shepherdsville, BnlUtt 637 
 Sherburne Mills, Fleming 530 
 Slate Creek Iron Works," Bath 
 Smithlaiid, Livingston 844 
 Smith's Ferry, Ohio 734 
 Somerset, Pulaski 
 Springfitld, Washington 613 
 Stamping Grounds. Scott 557 
 Stanford, Lincoln 597 
 Stockden's Valley, Cumberland 560 
 Stonesboro', Greene 600 
 Upper Blue Lick, Fleming 522 
 Vancebnrg, Lewis 487 
 Versailles, Woodford 563 
 Walnut Grove, Mercer 585 
 Washington, Mason 492 
 West Port, Henry 548 
 Williamsburg, Mason 500 
 Winchester, Clarke 55o 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Situation. Between 35° and 36° 30' N. lat. and 
 4° 26' and 13° 5' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Virginia and Ken- 
 tucky. South, Georgia/ Mississippi, and Alaba- 
 
114 
 
 ma Territory. East, North Carolina. West, 
 Missouri Territory. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, lOS miles ; from 
 east 10 west 420 miles. 
 
 Jlrpa. 40.000 square miles, or 25.600.000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Kastern part mountainous. 
 Middle part hilly. Western part mostly level. 
 
 Rivers. Cumb'^rland, Holstein, Tennessee, 
 CliiK'h, Notachurky, French Broad, Hiwasse, 
 Diu-k, Redi'oot. Obian, Forked Deer, and Wolf. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, limestone, coal, copperas, alum, 
 nitre, lead, and some silver. 
 
 Soil. In the eastern part, on the mountains, poor, 
 but there are many rich valleys. It improves in 
 the middle, and the western part is rich. 
 
 Produce. Cotton is the staple. Wheat, and 
 other g' ains, grass, roots, and fruit. 
 
 (limate. Among the mountains delightful. Mid- 
 dle, temperate and agreeable. Western part, hot 
 in summer, and mild in winter. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 Coiintirs. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Seats of Justice. 
 
 Anderscin 
 
 3,959 
 
 Clinton 
 
 Bledsoe 
 
 8,839 
 
 PikeviUe ' 
 
 Blount 
 
 3,259 
 
 Maryvilie 
 
 Campbell 
 
 2,668 
 
 .T:icksonb(ir£»' 
 
 (carter 
 
 4,190 
 
 Eli zabetl: town 
 
 Claiborne 
 
 4,798 
 
 T.izewell 
 
 Cocke 
 
 5,154 
 
 Newport 
 
 Granger 
 
 5,397 
 
 Riuledge 
 
 Greene 
 
 9,713 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Ha'.vkins 
 
 7,643 
 
 Roger svi lie 
 
 Jeffurson 
 
 7,309 
 
 Dandridge 
 
 Knox 
 
 10,171 
 
 KXCXTIILE 
 
 Rhea 
 
 2,504 
 
 Washington 
 
 Roane 
 
 5,581 
 
 Kingston 
 
115 
 
 Sevier 
 
 Sullivan 
 
 Washington 
 
 17 
 
 4,595 
 6,847 
 
 7,740 
 
 101,367 
 
 Sevierville 
 
 Blountsville 
 
 Jonesborough 
 
 WEST TENNESSEE. 
 
 Bedford 
 
 8,242 
 
 Shelbyville 
 
 Davidson 
 
 15,608 
 
 Nashville 
 
 Dickson 
 
 4,516 
 
 Charlotte 
 
 l-'ranklin 
 
 5,730 
 
 Winchester 
 
 Giles 
 
 4,546 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 Hickman 
 
 2,583 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Humphries 
 
 1,511 
 
 Reynoldsburg 
 
 Jackson 
 
 5,401 
 
 Williamsburg 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 6,104 
 
 Fayetteville 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 8,021 
 
 Clarkesviile 
 
 Maury 
 
 10,359 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Overton 
 
 5,643 
 
 Monroe 
 
 Robertson 
 
 7,270 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Itutherford 
 
 10,265 
 
 Murt'reesboro' 
 
 Sumner 
 
 13,792 
 
 Gallatin 
 
 Smith 
 
 11,649 
 
 Carthage 
 
 Stuart 
 
 4,262 
 
 Dover 
 
 Wilson 
 
 11,952 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 Williamson 
 
 13,153 
 
 Franklin 
 
 White 
 
 4,028 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Warren 
 
 5,725 
 
 M'Minville 
 
 21 
 
 160,360 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JVOTE. — The Jirst name in the folloiving list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, tlie figures denote the distance from 
 Washington. 
 
 Bean's Creek, Franklin 726 
 Bean's Station, Granger 498 
 Blackburn's Springs, Jackson 667 
 Blountsville or Sullivan c. h., Sul- 
 livan 428 
 Boat Yard, Carter 450 
 Boyd's Creek, Sevier 581 
 Brookhill, Montgomery 821 
 Cairo or Cragfont, Sumner 722 
 Campbell's Station, Knox 556 
 Carthage, Smith 691 
 Charlotte, Dickson 783 
 Cheek's + Roads, Hawkins 504 
 Clarksville, Montgomery 762 
 Clinton, Anderson 559 
 Columbia, Maury 790 
 Cumberland Gap, Claiborne 522 
 
 Dandridge, Jefferson 526 
 Dixon's Springs, Smith 702 
 Dover, Stuart'807 
 Duty's, Sumner 
 Klizabeihtown, Carter 467 
 Elktown, Giles 841 
 Fayetteville, Lincoln 748 
 Feary, Montgomery 750 
 Fishingford -j- Roads, Bedford 801 
 Franklin, Williamson 767 
 Gallatin, Sumner 725 
 Gordon's Ferry, Hickman 797 
 Gieen Garden, Sumner 716 
 Greenville, Greene 478 
 Harpeih, Williamson 775 
 Harisville, Sumner 700 
 Hendersonville, Sumner 738 
 
116 
 
 Hiwassee Garrison, 625 
 HiUha I., Overton 699 
 Huinsvillc, Kober'.soii 781 
 Jefferson, Rutherford 727 
 Joneshoro', Washirii^ton 449 
 Kavenaiigh, Wilson 707 
 K.ng'ston, Roune 587 
 Kiioxville, Knox 541 
 Lit-a's, Grani^er 454 
 Letsburg', Wabliin<;ion 
 Lebanon", Wilson 727 
 Liberty, Simtli 780 
 Lynn Creek, Giles 
 M 'A [lister's -f- Roads, Montgo- 
 mery 795 
 M'Minville, Warren 672 
 Marysville, Blount 556 
 Massinggales, Sullivan 439 
 Melcalisboro', Franklin 
 Middletown, Sullivan 439 
 Monroe, Overton 687 
 Morganlown, Blount 
 Messcy C. I- M'orks, 
 Mount Ricliardson, Jackson 586 
 Murtrefslioro', Jefl'crson 708 
 Murpbey's, 
 
 Niisliville, Davidson 751 
 New Canton, H.iwkins 749 
 Nt wport, Coi'kf 501 
 Old Salt House-, L ncoln 799 
 Palmyra, Montgomery 777 
 
 Pikevllle, Bledsoe 647 
 Port Royal, Montgomery 77'2 
 Presion's, Rhea 
 Pulaski, Giles 822 
 Rradyvilie, Rutherford 760 
 Rtynoldsburg, H mpbrts 785 
 Ri.'hland, Giles 815 
 Roane's Creek, Carter 516 
 Rossville, Cherokee Nation 
 Roi^ersvillc, Hawkins 475 
 Rouiid Lick, Smitli 
 Itutitdge, Gran,<er 517 
 Scarel}e, Montgomery 
 Sevierville, Sevier 574 
 Shelbyville, Bedford 776 
 Springfield, Robertson 752 
 Stiffey's Mill, 509 
 Stontfurt, Franklin 
 Strawberry plains. Knox 
 Surguinevdle, Hawkins 
 Tazew- 11, (Claiborne 514 
 Turner's, Robertson 
 Vernon, Hickman 808 
 Walnut Cove, Campbell 579 
 Warrensburg, Greene 513 
 Washington, Rhea 611 
 White Fl.dns- Wliite 606 
 White's Creek, Rhea 
 Wiliuimshiirg, J.rkson 680 
 Wincliester, Franklin 715 
 Woodville, Warren 704 
 
 NORTH CAROLINxi. 
 
 Situation. Between 33° 4.7' and 36® 30' N. lat. 
 and 1° E. and 6° 50' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Virginia. South, 
 South Carolina and Greorgia. East, Atlantic Ocean. 
 West, Tennessee. 
 
 Kxtent. From north to south, 120 miles ; from 
 east to west, 345 miles. 
 
 J.rea. 45,000 square miles, or 28,800.000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Below the head of tide 
 Avater, low and sandy, abounding with swamps. 
 From the head of tide waters to the mountains, 
 agreeably uneven ; iu many places hilly. Among 
 
117 
 
 the mountains many fertile valleys, and rich 
 scenery. 
 
 Rivers. Chowan, Roanoke, Tar, Pamlico, Nuse, 
 Black, Cape F'ear, Catawba, and Broad. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, limestone, cobalt, gold. 
 
 Soil. Low p;irt, sandy and barren, but many 
 fertile spots on the banks of rivt rs. In the mid- 
 dle, much of it good. Among the mountains 
 poor, but some fertile valleys. 
 
 Produce. Cotton, tobacco, grain, grass and fruit. 
 
 Climate. In the low country, hot in summer. 
 Often unhealthy in fall. Mild and agreeable in 
 winter. In the upper country, the climate im- 
 proves, and among the mountains it is delightful. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 Populatto, 
 
 Anson 
 
 8.831 
 
 Ash 
 
 3,694 
 
 Beaufort 
 
 7,203 
 
 Bertie 
 
 11,218 
 
 Bladen 
 
 5 671 
 
 Brvmswick 
 
 4,778 
 
 Biiiicombe 
 
 9,277 
 
 Burke 
 
 11.007 
 
 Caharras 
 
 6,158 
 
 Camden 
 
 5,347 
 
 Carteret 
 
 4,823 
 
 Caswell 
 
 11,757 
 
 Chatham 
 
 12,977 
 
 Chowan 
 
 5,297 
 
 Columbus 
 
 3,022 
 
 Craven 
 
 12,676 
 
 C'mberland. 
 
 9,382 
 
 Currituck 
 
 6,985 
 
 Duplin 
 
 7,863 
 
 Edi^ecomb 
 
 12,423 
 
 Franklin 
 
 10,lb6 
 
 Gates 
 
 5,965 
 
 Granville 
 
 15,576 
 
 Grtene 
 
 4,867 
 
 Gi; itord 
 
 11,4 '0 
 
 Halifax 
 
 15,620 
 
 Chief Towns and Popidaiiov . 
 Wadesborough 
 
 Washington 600 
 
 Wuidsor 
 
 ElizabethtQwn 
 
 Bi-uiiswick 
 
 Ashville 
 
 Morgantown 
 
 Concord 
 
 Jonesburg 
 
 Beauford 
 
 Leas burg" 
 
 Pittsborougii 
 
 Edenton 1,^500 
 
 Whitesville 
 
 Newbern 2,467 
 
 Fuyetteville 1,800 
 
 Indiantown 
 
 Sarecto 
 
 TarboroMgh 600 
 
 Louisburg 
 
 C. H. 
 
 Williamsborougli 
 
 C H 
 
 MjrtinvilleSOO 
 
 Halifax 
 
118 
 
 Hayw^ood 
 
 Htrlibid 
 
 Hyde 
 
 IredeH 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Jones 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 liincolii 
 
 iMartiii 
 
 MLckhnburg 
 
 Moore 
 
 Montgomeiy 
 
 Nash 
 
 New Hanover 
 
 Nortliumpion 
 
 Onslow 
 
 Orange 
 
 Fasquolank 
 
 Person 
 
 Put 
 
 Perquimans 
 
 Randolpli 
 
 Richmond 
 
 Robeson 
 
 Rockingliam 
 
 Row an 
 
 Rutherl'oid 
 
 Sampson 
 
 Slokes 
 
 Surry 
 
 Tyreil 
 
 Wake 
 
 AVanen 
 
 Washington 
 
 Wavi.e 
 
 Wilkes 
 
 62 
 
 2,780 
 
 
 6,052 
 
 Wynton 
 
 6,029 
 
 Germantown 
 
 10,972 
 
 Siatesville 
 
 6,867 
 
 Smithtield 
 
 4,968 
 
 Trenton 
 
 5.572 
 
 Kingston 
 
 16,359 
 
 Lin. olnton 
 
 5,987 
 
 Williamsion 
 
 14,272 
 
 Charloite 
 
 6,367 
 
 Alfordstown 
 
 8,430 
 
 Henderson 
 
 7,268 
 
 C. H. 
 
 11,465 
 
 Wilmington 1,689 
 
 13,082 
 
 C H. 
 
 6,669 
 
 Swansborough 
 
 20,135 
 
 HiUsborougE 
 
 7,674 
 
 Nixonton 
 
 6,642 
 
 Roxboro' 
 
 9,169 
 
 Greenville 
 
 6,052 
 
 Hartford 
 
 10,112 
 
 C H. 
 
 6,695 
 
 Rockingham 
 
 7,523 
 
 Lumberion 208 
 
 10,316 
 
 D:<nbiiry 
 
 21,543 
 
 Salisbury 500 
 
 13,202 
 
 Riiiheribrdton 
 
 6,620 
 
 C. H. 
 
 11,645 
 
 Upper Sara 
 
 10,366 
 
 Salem 700 
 
 3,364 
 
 Elizabethtown 
 
 17,086 
 
 Raleigh 1,000 
 
 11,004 
 
 Warrenton 300 
 
 3,464 
 
 Pljmouih 
 
 8,687 
 
 Wavi'esboro' 
 
 9.054 
 
 Wilkes C. IT. 
 
 555,500 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 A'OTl^. — The first name in the follo-iviiiff list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the CouiUy, the Jigwes denote tlie distance from 
 IVashington. 
 
 Adams, Hyde 339 
 Albright's, Orange 329 
 xMexandriana, Mecklinhurg 454 
 Altbidsville, Robeson 387 
 Alleniance, Gu.lfbrd 335 
 Alienlown, Munignmery 428 
 Anderson's Sieve, Caswell 318 
 Ashboro or Randolph, R.:naolph362 
 Ashville, Buncombe 520 
 Averysboro', Cumberland 322 
 
 Baird's Forge, Burke 507 
 Baib;-ry, Rowan 389 
 Barr_\sville, Mecklinburg 448 
 Ba^h", Beauiorl 332 
 Beardsuiill, Ro\\a:i 393 
 Beaitie's Ford, Lincoln 407 
 Beauford, Carteret 396 
 BeUbrl or Sell's Stove, Nash 259 
 Bensljorough, Pitt 278 
 Bethaaia, Stokes 368 
 
119 
 
 Brinkleysville, Halifax 225 Huntersvills, Lincoln 422 
 
 Britton's Store, Berlie 280 Huntsville, Surry 384 
 
 Brown's Store, Caswell 277 Indianiown, Currituck 275 
 
 Bryant's Cross Roads, Northamp- Jamestown, Guilford 292 
 
 ton 325 
 
 Buckhorn Falls, Chatham 315 
 Campbell's Grove, Iredell 444 
 Caswell c. h., Caswell 307 . 
 Chappel Hill, Orange 312 
 Charlotte, Mecklinburg 409 
 Clover Garden, Chatham 316 
 Cochran's Store, Person 304 
 Colerame, Bertie 261 
 Columbia, Tyrell 336 
 Columbus c. h., Columbus 470 
 Concord or Cabarras c. h., Cabar- 
 
 ras 428 
 Cow per's Hill, Robertson 341 
 Cunnmgham's Store, Person 224 
 Currituck c. h., Currituck 263 
 
 Jefiersonton or Ashe ch, Ashe 429 
 Jonesburg, Camden 275 
 Jones's Store, Halifax 240 
 Jonesville, Surry 416 
 Kincannon's Works, Surry 389 
 Kinston, Lenoir 361 
 Laurel Hill, Richmond 387 
 Lauson's Store, Mecklinburg 472 
 Leaksville, Rockingham 311 
 Leasburg, Caswell 205 
 Lee's Mills, Washington 309 
 Leesville, 
 
 Le May's Cross Roads, 280 
 Lenox Castle, Rockingham 316 
 Lexington, Rowan 359 
 Lincolnton, Lincoln 425 
 
 Dancey's Store, Northampton 216 Lindley's Store, Orange 317 
 Dobson's Cross Roads, Stokes 368 Log House Landing, Hyde 355 
 
 Donaldson's, Rowan 390 
 Duplin c. h-, Duplin 359 
 Duplin old, Duplin 366 
 Edenton, Chowan 290 
 Elizai)eth city, Pasquotank'271 
 Elizabethtown, Bladen 386 
 Ellisville, Warren 241 
 Enfield, Halifax 238 
 Erwinsville, Rutherford 504 
 Fair Bluff, Columbus 420 
 Fallstown, Iredell 416 
 Fayetteville, Cumberland 348 
 Findlysville, Mecklinburg 486 
 Fishing Creek, Wilkes 460 
 Fort Defiance, Wilkes 467 
 Fredericksville, Sampson 
 Gates c. h-, Gates 260 
 Germantown, Hyde 427 
 Germantown, Stokes 347 
 Greensboro', Guilford 347 
 Greenville, Pitt 291 
 (irovehill, Warren 249 
 Hadilon's, Buncombe 
 Halifax, Hal'fax 220 
 Hamilton or Hog on, Martin 265 
 Hamptonville, Suny 402 
 Harrison's Store, Fraukbij 268 
 Haw River, Orange 323 
 Hay woodsboro', Chatham 334 
 Haywood c. h., Haywood 595 
 
 Louisburg, Franklin 256 
 
 Lumberton, Robeson 381 
 
 M'Aiiley's Store, Montgomery 314 
 
 Mackeysvdle, Burke 485 
 
 Maionsville, Northampton 240 
 
 Marley's Store, Sampson 
 
 Martinsville, Guilford 352 
 
 Mason Hall, Orange 311 
 
 xMaitamuskett, Hyde 380 
 
 Merry Hill, Bertie 294 
 
 Mill Grove, Cabarras 406 
 
 Mock's Old Field, Rowan 370 
 
 INiohaffcy's, Lincoln 441 
 
 Montpeliei, RIclmiond 378 
 
 Moore c h , Moore 384 
 
 Mooresboro', Rutherford 528 
 Morgjnlown, Burke 455 
 Mount Airy, Surry 418 
 Mount Mourr.e, Iredell 400 
 Mount Pisgah, Iredell 
 Mount Pleasant, Rockingham 329 
 Mount Prospect, Edgecombe 
 Mount Tirzah, Person 285 
 Murfrtesboro', Hertford 230 
 Murraysville, Buncombe 526 
 N:.shc. h.jNash 271 
 Newbern, Craven 351 
 New Garden, Robeson 368 
 New Hope, W;»yne31l 
 
 New Lebanon, Camden 286 
 Hendersontown, Montgomery 410 Nicholson's liuuse, Warren 223 
 Hertford, Perquimans 305 NorthamptOH c. h., Northampton 
 
 High Rock, Roikuigham 320 232 
 
 Hillsboro', Orange 299 Nuttal's Store, Granville 280 
 
 HoustonviUe, Iredell 410 Onslow c. h., Onslow 400 
 
ISO 
 
 Oxford, Granville 
 Palmyra, Martin 270 
 Panther's Creek, Surry 381 
 Patrick's Mills, Craven 370 
 Patterson's Store, Franklin 
 Paynesville, Rockingham 
 Peace's, Granville 
 Peeble's Tavern, Northampton 206 
 Phillips' Store, Nash 236 
 Pitch Landing, Hertford 251 
 Pittsboro' or Chatham c. h., Chat- 
 ham 324 
 Pleasant Grove, Orange 
 Plymouth, AVashmgton 302 
 Providence, Mecklmburg 223 
 Putney's Store, Northampton 209 
 Queensdale, Robeson 394 
 Raleigh, Wake 288 
 Randolph c. h., Randolph 361 
 Ransom's liridge, Halifax 251 
 Red House, Caswell 313 
 Red Shoals, Stokes 385 
 Reid's Store, Moore 341 
 Richmond c. h , Richmond 403 
 Rockford, Surry 402 
 Rockingham c- h., Rockingham 
 
 319 
 Rocky Mount, Nash 
 Rocky Springs, Roi kingham 339 
 Roxboro*, Person 295 
 Royal, Sampson 381 
 Rutherfordton, Rutherford 472 
 Salem, Stokes 359 
 Salisbury, Rowan 375 
 Sampson c. h., Sampson 382 
 Scotland Neck. Halifax 245 
 Scull Camp, Surry 404 
 Sesscem's Bridge, Edgecombe 280 
 Skinnersville, Washington 350 
 Smithfield, Johnson 315 
 
 Smithville, Brunswick 463 
 Sneedsboro', Richmond 420 
 SnowhiU, Worcester 307 
 Society Hill, Iredell 
 South Washington, Duplin 387 
 Spr.ng Hill, Lenoir 400 
 Stagville, Orange 283 
 Slatesville, Iredell 403 
 Sterlingville, Granvdle 267 
 Summerfield, Guilford 339 
 Siinbury, Gates 
 Swansboro', OnslQW 391 
 Tarborough, Edgecombe 266 
 Tombstone, Benie 291 
 Trenton, Jones 371 
 Turner's -{- Roads, Bertie 
 Tyson's Store, Moore 365 
 Wadesboro', Anson 424 
 Waddle's Ferry, Randolph 
 Warm Springs, Buncombe 522 
 Warrenton, Warren 231 
 Washington, Beaufort 316 
 Waughsburg, Stokes 
 Waynesboro', Wayne 340 
 Waynesville, Haywood 595 
 Webb's, Stokes 345 
 AVest Castle, Caswell 316 
 Westraysville, Nash 276 
 Whitehall, Mecklinburg 457 
 White Oak, Rutherford 524 
 White Plains, Granville 271 
 Wilkes, Wilkes 442 
 Williams, Ashe 394 
 Williamsboro', Granville 251 
 Williamston, Martin 277 
 Williamsville, Person 298 
 Wilmington, New Hanover 433 
 Windsor, Bertie 288 
 Winton, Hertford 245 
 Woodstock, Hyde 354 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Situation. Between 32° 6' and Sd" N. lat. and 
 1° 30' and 6° 25' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north and north-east, North 
 Carolina. South-east, Atlantic Ocean. South- 
 west, Georgia. 
 
 Extent. From north to south; 163 miles j from 
 east to west; 205 miles. 
 
121 
 
 Area. 28,700 square miles, or 18,368.000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Below the head of tide 
 waters, level and swampy. From the head of tide 
 waters to the mountains, variegated. Among the 
 mountains, romantic and beautiful. 
 
 Rivers. Great Pedee, Little Pedee, Santee, 
 Wateree, Catawba, Congaree, Broad, Tyger, 
 Enoree, Saluda, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Camba- 
 liee, Coosawatchie, and Savannah. 
 
 Minerals. Iron, limestone, slate, soap-stone, 
 rock crystal, flint, fuller's earth, emery, marl, lead, 
 and copper. 
 
 Soil. In the low country, sandy, but exceeding- 
 ly fertile in bottoms, and on the borders of rivers. 
 In the upper country, a considerable portion of it 
 good. 
 
 Produce. Cotton and rice are staples. Grain, 
 grass, fruits, and roots. 
 
 Climate. In the low country the summers are 
 hot and sultry, with mild winters. In the upper 
 country, the summers are more temperate, and 
 among the mountains the climate is delightful. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Cotmties. 
 Abbeville 
 
 * All Saints 
 Barnwell 
 Beaufort 
 Charleston city 
 Charleston district 
 Chester 
 Chesterfield 
 
 * Clare mont 
 
 * Clarendon 
 Colleton 
 Darlington 
 Edgefield 
 
 Population. 
 21,150 
 
 12,280 
 25,887 
 24,711 
 38,468 
 11,479 
 5,564 
 
 26,359 
 
 9,047 
 
 23,160 
 
 C'/iief Towns and Popiilatiot, 
 Abbeville 
 
 Beaufort 1,000 
 
 Chester 
 
122 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 Greenville 
 
 Horry 
 
 Kershaw 
 
 Lancaster 
 
 Ijatirens 
 
 Lexmg'ton 
 
 * Liberty 
 
 * Mai-ion 
 Marlborough 
 Mason 
 Newbury 
 Orange 
 Pendleton 
 
 * Pinckney 
 Richland 
 Spartan 
 
 * St. Peters 
 Sumpter 
 Union 
 
 Williamsburg 
 York 
 
 11,857 
 
 Fairfield 
 
 15,679 
 
 Georgetown 2,000 
 
 13.133 
 
 Greenville 
 
 4,349 
 
 
 9,867 
 
 Camden 1,000 
 
 6,318 
 
 
 14,982 
 
 Laurens 
 
 6,641 
 
 
 4,966 
 
 Marlborough 
 
 8,884 
 
 
 13,964 
 
 Newbury 
 
 13,229 
 
 Orangeburg 
 
 22,897 
 
 Pendleton 
 
 9,026 
 
 Columbia 1,500 
 
 14,259 
 
 Spartanburg 
 
 19,054 
 
 Slatesburg 
 
 10,995 
 
 Union 
 
 6,871 
 
 Williamsburg 
 
 10,052 
 
 York 
 
 415,115 
 
 Laid out since last Census. 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 J\''OTE- — Tlie first name in the foUu-wing- lint is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
 fVashinifton. 
 
 Abbeville c. h., Abbeville 625 
 Alexander's, Yoik 441 
 \ndersx)nville, Kdgefield 560 
 Barefield's or Newsom's, Marion 
 
 412 
 Barnwell c.h., Barnwell 609 
 Bachelor's Retreat, Pendleton 578 
 Be.iutbrt, Beaufort 630 
 Beckamsville, Ches;er 480 
 Belfast, Laurens 569 
 Belle Mr, Lan. aster 471 
 Bickley's Store, Abbevlle 636 
 Bhicks'.ocks, Chesier 470 
 Blark Swamp, Si. Peters 644 
 Blairsville, York 450 
 Boyd's, Newb'iry 520 
 BradlT-ys\ille, Sampler 461 
 Brownsville, Marlborou^h 429 
 Bnford's BiidK'e, Barnwell 592 
 Cainl)nilgf, Abbeville 595 
 Camden, Kershaw 472 
 
 Campbell's Mills, Abbeville 617 
 Campvillf , Spaiianburg 
 Cenireville, Pendleton 570 
 Chail. ston, Charlest.m 544 
 Chatham, Chesterfield 436 
 Cherasv c. h., D^t.-lington 421 
 Chester c. h., Chester 476 
 Chesterfield c. h., Cht s-e.fitld439 
 China Grove, Geoi'getown 461 
 Church Hli, Spartan 544 
 Cloiigli Mills, Laurens 540 
 Colunibi^. Rtchl. nd 5IJ7 
 Conwayboro', Ml Samis 462 
 Coosi.wh ichif, Ke:i\if.,i-i 614 
 Cross Anchor, Spai-ian 583 
 Cross Koys, Union 519 
 Crowsville, Spartan 551 
 D:irlingioi'. c. h, Darlington 436 
 Dorchester, Colleton 564 
 Diibosc's Ferry, 456 
 Duncansville, Barnwell 623 
 
123 
 
 Dunklin's, Newberry 
 Edjrefield c. h,, Edgefield 564 
 Fork, Richland 531 
 Pork Shoal s or Ueedy River Shoals, 
 
 Greenvdle 594 
 Four Mile Branch, Barnwell 600 
 Fulton, Sumpter 
 Georgetown, Georgetown 482 ' 
 Godfrey's Ferry, Marion 442 
 Golden Grove, Greenville 584 
 Gushen Hill, Spartan 569 
 Gowen's Store, Greenville 510 
 Granby, Lexinjclon 510 
 Greenvdle c h., Greenville 530 
 Hancock's, Union 
 Harleesville, Marion 450 
 Harrisburg, Lancaster 422 
 Henderson's or Hope, York 
 Hendersonville, Newbury 548 
 Humphreysvllle, Union 465 
 Huntington, Laurens 571 
 Huntsville, Laurens 572 
 Indiantown, Williamsburg 498 
 Jamesvilie, Clarendon 517 
 Johnson's Store, 
 King Creek, Barnwell 600 
 Kingstree, Williamsburg 482 
 Lancaster c. h., Lancaster 476 
 Landsford, Chester district 
 Laurens c. h-, Laurens 569 
 Laurinton, Marlborough 
 Lewisville, Chester 487 
 Longmire's Store, Edgefield 575 
 Lower 3 Runs, Barnwell 631 
 Lowry's Mills, 
 Lynch Lake, Williamsburg 
 M-CuUochsville, Union 510 
 M'Danielsville, Spartan 540 
 M'Linton, Abbeville 590 
 Manchester, Sumpter 501 
 Marion c. h., Marion 427 
 Marlborough c. h., Marlborough 
 
 412 
 Marr's Bluff, Liberty 432 
 Meansville, Union 483 
 Mechanicsville, Dirlington 432 
 Milford, Greenville 280 
 Millersburg, Kershaw 484 
 Monk's Corner, 
 Monticello, Fairfield 542 
 Mountain Shoals, Laurens 
 Mount "Vintage, Edgefield 570 
 Murray's Ferry, Williamsburg 
 
 497 
 Nelson's Ferry, Charleston 532 
 Nesbit's Iron Works, Spartan 
 531 
 
 Newbury c. h., Newbury 551 
 New Hope, Spartan 548 
 Oak Hall, Greenville 525 
 Oak Hill, Laurens 
 Orangeburg, Orange 549 
 Orrsville, Pendleton 607 
 Parker's Ferry, Colleton 
 Parkersville, see Elim 
 Patterson's Store, Kershaw 
 Pea's Siore, Fairfield 499 
 Pendleton c. h., Pendleton 562 
 Peter's Pond, Edgefield 600 
 Pickensviile, Pendleton 544 
 Pickensville, Union 457 
 Pine Hill, York 434 
 Pinevdle, Charleston 
 Pocotaligo, Beaufijrt 608 
 Pollardsville, Greenville 531 
 Poolsville, Spartan 506 
 Poplar Grove, Newbury 553 
 Port's Ferry, Marion 430 
 Price's Store, Spartan 538 
 Rantole's, 
 
 Red Bank, Colleton 593 
 Reedy River Shoals, see Fork 
 
 Shoals 
 Reedsville, Pendleton 544 
 Remberston, Sumpter 519 
 Richard's Tavern, Edgefield 581 
 Richmond's, Chester 490 
 Ridge, Edgefield 539 
 Robertville, Barnwell 596 
 Rocky Mount, Chester 480 
 Rogersville, Pendleton 580 
 Salem, Salem 496 
 Saxon's, Abbeville 
 Smith's Store, Spartan 544 
 Spartanburg, Spartan 499 
 Speedwell Mills, Barnwell 547 
 Statesburg, Claremont 492 
 Stonesville, Greenville 544 
 Stony Point, Abbeville 606 
 Sumptersvillc, Claremont 481 
 Table Rock, Pendleton 
 Tanner's Hill, Newbury 538 
 Thompson's Tan Yard 441 
 Thorn's Ferry, York 
 Traveller's Rest, Greenville 536 
 Turnpike, Greenville 530 
 Union c. h.. Union 473 
 Varennes, Pendleton 571 
 Vienna, Abbeville 67C 
 Walnut Hill, Greenville 
 Well's, Beaufort 634 
 Wiersville, 
 
 Willington, Abbeville 504 
 Willow Grove, Salem 461 
 R 
 
Willtovvn, Williamsburpr 464 York c. h., York 438 
 
 Winsboro', Fairfield 536 Young's Store, Laurens 555 
 
 Wrightsboro', Union 578 YoungsvLUe, Sumpter 
 
 GEORGIA. 
 
 Situation. Between 30° 30' and 35° N. lat. and 
 3° 50' and 9° 5' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north. North Carolina and 
 Tennessee. North-east, South Carolina. South, 
 Florida. East, Atlantic Ocean. West, West Flo- 
 rida and Alabama Territory. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 300 miles ; from 
 east to west, 24*0 miles. 
 
 ^rea. About 58,000 square miles, or 37,120,000 
 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Below the head of tide 
 water, low and sandy. From the head of tide 
 waters to the mountains, agreeably uneven. The 
 mountains in the north-west abound with pictu- 
 resque scenery. 
 
 Rivers. Savannah, Ogeeche, Canuche, Alta- 
 maha, Ohoope, Oconee, Appalacliy, Oakmulgee, 
 Satilla, St. Mary's, Flint, Chatahouchee, Hiowee, 
 and E*<tenawry. 
 
 Minerals. Yellow ochre, near Milledgeville. 
 Copper, near Greensburg. 
 
 Soil. In the low country, sandy, with rich lands 
 in the swamps and on the rivers. In the upper 
 country, various, much of it good. 
 
 Produce. Cotton the staple. Wheat, and other 
 grain, rioe, and tol)acco. 
 
 Climate. In the low country, hot, sultry sum- 
 mers. Winters, mild. Upper country, summers 
 
1S5 
 
 more temperate. Winters, agreeable. The finest 
 climate in the United Slates is supposed to be 
 about the boundary of Georgia and Tennessee. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Coimties. 
 
 Fopulation. 
 
 Seats of Justice and Fopulation 
 
 Baldwin 
 
 6,356 
 
 MiLLEDGEVILLK 1,257 
 
 Bryan 
 
 2,827 
 
 C. H 
 
 Bullock 
 
 2,305 
 
 Staiesburgh 
 
 Burke 
 
 10,858 
 
 Waynesboro'igh 224 
 
 Camden 
 
 3,941 
 
 St. Marj's 585 
 
 Chatham 
 
 13,540 
 
 Suv.nnah 5.215 
 
 Clarke 
 
 7,628 
 
 Watkinsville 
 
 Columbia 
 
 11,242 
 
 Applington 
 
 Effing^ham 
 
 2,586 
 
 Springfield 
 
 Elbert 
 
 12,156 
 
 Elberton 
 
 * Emanuel 
 
 
 C. H. 
 
 Franklin 
 
 10,815 
 
 Carnesville 78 
 
 Glynn 
 
 3,417 
 
 Brunswiik 
 
 Greene 
 
 11,679 
 
 Greensborough 411 
 
 Hancock 
 
 13,330 
 
 Sparta 317 
 
 Jackson 
 
 10,569 
 
 Jefferson 70 
 
 Jasper 
 
 7,57:^ 
 
 Monticello 220 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 6,111 
 
 Louisville 524 
 
 Jones 
 
 8,597 
 
 Clinton 85 
 
 Laurens 
 
 2,210 
 
 Dublin 
 
 Liberty 
 
 6,228 
 
 Riceboro' 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 4,555 
 
 Lincolnton 108 
 
 * Madison 
 
 
 Danielsville 
 
 M'Intosh 
 
 3,739 
 
 Durien 206 
 
 Montgomery 
 
 2,954 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Morgan 
 
 8,369 
 
 Madison 229 
 
 Oglethorpe 
 
 12,297 
 
 Lexington 222 
 
 Pulaski 
 
 2,093 
 
 Hartford 
 
 Putnam 
 
 10,029 
 
 Eatonton 180 
 
 Richmond 
 
 6,189 
 
 Augusta 2,476 
 
 Scriven 
 
 4,477 
 
 Jacksonborough 20 
 
 Tattnal 
 
 2,206 
 
 C. H. 
 
 Telfair 
 
 744 
 
 Telfairton 
 
 Twiggs 
 
 3,405 
 
 Marion 
 
 Warren 
 
 8,725 
 
 Warrenton 123 
 
 Washington 
 
 9,940 
 
 Sandersville 
 
 Wityne 
 
 676 
 
 C.H. 
 
 Wilkes 
 
 14,887 
 
 Washington 596 
 
 Wilkinson 
 
 2,154 
 
 Irwinton 
 
 39 
 
 253,407 
 
 * Laid out since last Census 
 
1S6 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 J\i'OTE. — The Jirst name in the following list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the (bounty, the figures denote tlie distance from 
 fVashinglon. 
 
 Alford's Store, Hancock 673 Lexington, Oglethorpe 649 
 
 Allison's Store, Warren 611 Liberty Hall, Morgan 720 
 
 Athens, Clarke 667 Lincolnton, Lincoln 630 
 
 Augusta, Riclimond 589 Lockhart's, Lincoln 620 
 
 BirdsviUe, Burke 660 Lonicera, Baldwin 684 
 
 Brunswick, Glynn 747 Louisville, Jefferson 644 
 
 Bryan c. h-, Bryan 672 Madison, Morgan 694 
 
 CairnsviUe, Franklin 604 Mallory's Store, Wilkes 656 
 
 Clarksboro, Jackson 689 Marion, T>viggs 710 
 
 Columbia c. h., Columbia 607 Miiledgeville, Baldwin 675 
 
 Cook's Law office, Elbert 654 Mill H..ven, Scriven 635 
 
 Coweta, 799 Montgomery c. h , Montgomery 750 
 
 Cre^k Agency, 738 Monticello or Randolph c. h,, Ran- 
 Danielsvdle, Madison 624 dolph 719 
 
 Darby, Columbia 597 Petersburg, Elbert 644 
 
 Durien, M'Intosh 722 Post Hill, Morgan 
 
 Dublin, Laurens 720 Powellton, Hancock 667 
 
 Eatonton, Putnam 695 Putnam c. h-, see Etonton 
 
 Elberton, Elbert 669 Riceboro', Liberty 692 
 
 Fairfield, Columbia Robert's. Putnam 685 
 
 Fairfield, Putnam 685 Saundersville, Washington 669 
 
 Filesbiirg, Jackson 724 Savannah, Chatham 658 
 
 Fort Hawkins, 708 Shiver's M.lis, Warren 433 
 Fredt nca, St Simond's Island 739 Shoals of Ogechee, Warren 675 
 Goose Pond or Strong's, Ogle- Spaita Hancock 653 
 
 thorpe 654 St. Mary's, Camden 790 
 
 Goshtn, Lincoln 638 Sunbury, Liberty 696 
 
 Granisville, Greene 650 Sweet Wa er, Wairen 608 
 
 Greensboro', Greene 671 l^-lfair c. Ii., Telfair 
 
 Hanford, Pulaski 725 Tuckersville, Wayne 
 
 High Shoals, Cl.-rke 704 Warrenion, Warren 631 
 
 Irwinion, Wdkms^ n 699 Washington, Wilkes 646 
 
 Jacksonboro', Scrneii 644 Watkmsville, Clarke 658 
 
 Jackson t . h- or Jefferson, Jack- Waynesboro', Burke 619 
 
 son 699 Welliiorn, 
 
 Jefferson, Camden 766 Wh .tley's Mills, Morgan 711 
 
 Jones c. h. or Clinton, Jones 697 Willian\s', Morgan 
 
 Jourdan's, Lincoln Wi ightsboro', Columbia 629 
 Lebanon, Washington 680 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 Situation. Between S9° aud 33° N. lat. and 12° 
 and 17° W. long. 
 
137 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Missouri Territory 
 and state of Mississippi. South, Gulf of Mexico. 
 East, Mississippi, and Grulf of Mexico. West, 
 Missouri Territory. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 240 miles; from 
 east to west, 210 miles. 
 
 ^rea. 48,000 square miles, or 30,540,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Level towards the Gulf of 
 Mexico and Mississippi, and abounding with 
 swamps and prairies; towards the north-west un- 
 dulating. 
 
 Rivers. Mississippi, Pearl, Iberville, Plaque- 
 mines, Wachitta, Atcliafalaya, Black, Red, Teche, 
 Vermillion, Mermento, Calcasu, and Sabine. 
 
 Soil. Generally rich and fertile. 
 
 Produce. Cotton and sugar are staples. Every 
 kind of grain, grass, fruit, and some indigo. 
 
 Climate. The summers in the lower part are 
 h(»t and sultry. The upper part more temperate. 
 Frost in winter is seldom seen. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Parishes. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Chief Towns and Population 
 
 Ascension 
 
 2,219 
 
 Donaldsville 200 
 
 Assumption 
 
 2,472 
 
 
 Avoyelles 
 
 1,109 
 
 
 Baion Rouge west 
 
 1,463 
 
 
 Concordia 
 
 2,875 
 
 Concordia 200 
 
 Iberville 
 
 2,679 
 
 
 Interior of La Fourche 1,995 
 
 
 Natchiioches 
 
 2,870 
 
 Natchitoches 600 
 
 Ouachitla 
 
 1,077 
 
 
 Ocatahoola 
 
 1,164 
 
 
 Orleais 
 
 24,552 
 
 New Orleans 17,242 
 
 Plaquemines 
 
 1,549 
 
 
 Point Coupee 
 
 4,539 
 
 
 R.pi.les 
 
 2,300 
 
 Alexandria 300 
 
 St. Bi-rnard 
 
 1,020 
 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 3.291 
 
 
428 
 
 St. John Babtiste 
 
 2,990 
 
 
 St. James 
 
 3,955 
 
 
 St. Landre'> 
 Ope loiisas. 3 
 
 5,048 
 
 Opelousas 150 
 
 St. Mary's and Si. ' 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Martin's 
 
 i 7,369 
 
 St. Martin's 150 
 
 Attacapas 
 
 J 
 
 
 76,556 
 
 * Baton Rouse east"^ 
 
 • New Feliciana ^ ^^ q^q 
 
 * St. Helena 
 
 • St. Tammany 
 
 26 
 
 J 
 
 f Baton Rouge 800 
 J St Francisville 400 
 i Springfield 150 
 
 \JC.H. 
 
 86,556 
 
 * These four parishes were added to the state after the Census was taken. 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 J^OTE. — The first name in the fnUo-iving list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, thefgures point out the distance from 
 Wasldngton. 
 
 Alexandria, Rapides 1499 
 Assumption, La Foiirchi 1351 
 Avoyelles Parish, Avoyelles 1332 
 Balize, Plaquemine 1377 
 Baton Rouge, Feliciana 1356 
 Brevelle, Natchitoches 
 Carlin Settlement, .\ttacapas 1327 
 Cash Clapp Settlement, Johnson 
 
 907 
 Catahola, Rapides 1328 
 Concordia, Concordia 1284 
 Covington, St. Tammany's 1107 
 Doylesville, Feliciana 1332 
 Feliciana, Feliciana 1308 
 Fort St. Philip, Pl.iqiiemine 1355 
 Godberry's Tavern, Acadia 1315 
 Iberville, Iberville 1317 
 
 Interior Parish, La Fonrche 1375 
 La Fourche, Acadia 1306 
 Mount Magalia, Rapiues 
 Natchitoches, Natchitoches 1448 
 New Iberia, Attacapas 1429 
 New Orleans, Orleans 1260 
 Opelousas, Opelousas 1460 
 Point Coupee c- h., Feliciana 
 St. Charles, 
 
 St. Francisville, New Feliciana 1318 
 St. Helena, St. Helena 1266 
 St Martinsville, Attarapias 1443 
 Thompson's Creek, Feliciana 
 Vermillion Bridge, Attacapas 
 Washitta, Washitta 
 Wharton, St. Tammany's 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 This interesting country, lately denominated the Indiana Territory, 
 is now the nineteenth state, and such is the fertility of the soil, the salu- 
 brity of the climate, and its commanding situation, that it will un- 
 questionably become a very bright star in the galaxy of the republic. 
 As it is calculated to attract considerable attention at the present mo- 
 ment, it may be satisfactory, in addition to the other particulars, to 
 give the outlines of the State Constitution, which has been just framed 
 by the convention. 
 
129 
 
 LEGisiATtTRE. — A House of Representatives and Senate. The repre- 
 sentatives to be elected annually, the senate every three years. Any 
 person 21 years of age, and upwards, is eligible to be a representa- 
 tive — the senators must be 25 years of age. They must hold no office 
 of profit when elected. The legislature to meet annually on the first 
 Monday of December. 
 
 Executive. — Jl Governor and Lieutenant Governor. The governor 
 and lieutenant governor are elected for three years, and may be re- 
 elected once. The governor to receive a compensation oi one thousand 
 dollars per annum; the lieutenant governor tiuo dollars per day while 
 tht legislature is in session. 
 
 Judiciary. — A Supreme and Circuit Court. The supreme court to 
 be composed of three judges, to be appointed by the governor and se. 
 nate for seven years; to have appellate jurisdiction, and to sit at the 
 seat of government, with a salary not exceeding eight hundred dollars 
 per annum. The circuit courts to consist of a presiding judge, and 
 tivo associates, who are to hold courts in each county. The presiding 
 judge to be appointed by the joint ballot of the legislature for seven 
 years; and the associates to be elected for seven years by the people. 
 
 Sheriffs, Clerks, and Justices, are to be elected by the people — the 
 sheriff for three years — the clerks and justices for seven years. 
 
 Militia Officers to be elected by those subject to militia duty; all 
 above colonel, by the commissioned officers. 
 
 A State Bank to be established at the seat of governriient, with one 
 branch for every three counties— the branch banks must have 30,000 
 dollars in specie, each, before they go into operation. 
 
 Involuntary slavery is for ever excluded. The Constitution may be 
 amended in 12 years, but never so as to permit of slavery. 
 
 CoRXDON is to be the seat of government for nine years. 
 
 In passing the act for erecting the Indiana Territory into a state. 
 Congress appropriated, in addition to the school section, an entire 
 township of land for the support of a seminary of learning; and four 
 sections for fixing the seat of the state government. 
 
 Situation. Between 37° 45' and 41° 52' N. lat. 
 and 7° 40' and 10° 47' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Michigan Territory, 
 Lake Michigan, and North west Territory. South, 
 Kentucky. East, Ohio. West, Illinois Territory. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 340 miles ; from 
 east to west 138 miles. 
 
130 
 
 •irea. 3+.000 square miles, or 21,760,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Hilly, not monntainons. 
 Scenery rich and variegated. Abounding with 
 plains and large prairies. 
 
 Rivers. Ohin, Wabash, White Water, Tippe- 
 canoe, Illinois, and St. Joseph's. 
 
 Minerals. (Joal, limestone, freestone, salt, and 
 silver. 
 
 Soil. Generally rich and fertile. 
 
 Produce. Grain, grass, fruit, — in the south, cot- 
 ton. 
 
 Climate. Temperate and pleasant. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Coutities. 
 
 Population, 
 
 1815. Seat of Justice and ChieJ 
 
 Clark 
 
 7,000 
 
 Charlestotun, New Albany, 
 
 Dearborn 
 
 4,426 
 
 La-wrenceburg 
 
 * Davis 
 
 
 
 Franklin 
 
 7,970 
 
 Brookville 
 
 Gibson 
 
 5,330 
 
 Princeton 
 
 Harrison 
 
 6,769 
 
 CORYDON 
 
 * Jackson 
 
 
 JBrownsto-wn, Velona 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 4,093 
 
 Madison, New Lexington 
 
 • Jennings 
 
 
 Vernon 
 
 Knox 
 
 6,800 
 
 Vmcennes, Shakertown 
 
 • Orange 
 
 
 Paoli, Orleans, Bon 
 
 Perry 
 
 3,000 
 
 Troy 
 
 Posey 
 
 3,000 
 
 Blackford, Harmony 
 
 • Ripley 
 
 
 
 • Sullivan 
 
 
 Fort Harrison 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 3,500 
 
 Vevai) 
 
 Warwirk 
 
 3,000 
 
 Darlington 
 
 Washington 
 
 6,606 
 
 Salem, Fredericksburg 
 
 Wayne 
 
 6,290 
 
 Centreville, Salisbury. 
 
 19 
 
 68,780 
 
 Laid out since last Census of 1815. 
 
lai 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JVOTE. — The first name in the folloiviiig list is the name nf the Post Office, 
 tl. e second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
 JVashington. 
 
 Allen's Ferry, Harrison 537- 
 Bath, 
 
 Belleville, St. Clair 992 
 Bellowsfali, Windham 452 
 B( Ihlehem, Clark 547 
 Bro« nstovvn, Jackson 637 
 Caliokia, St. Clair 978 
 Charleston, Clark 613 
 Colnmbia, Gibson 750 
 Corydon, Harrison 666 
 Emersonville, Gibson 756 
 Fleminj^'s, Wayne 480 
 Franklin c.h.or Brookville, Frank- 
 lin 519 
 Georj^etown, Dearborn 537 
 Greenville, 
 Harmony, Gibson 786 
 Hartford, Dearborn 
 Hazleton's Ferry, Gibson 712 
 Jeffersonville, Clark 619 
 Lauienceburg, Dearborn 529 
 Leviston's, Franklin 
 
 Lexington, Jefferson 603 
 Madison, Jefferson 562 
 Miller's Ferry, Randolph 815 
 Montgomeryvdle, Gibson 
 Nancevdle, Harrison 
 New Albany, Clark 642 
 Nt'w Natchez, Jackson 644 
 New T -enton, Franklin 
 Nichol's Inn, Dearborn 
 Paoli, Orange 
 Princeton, Gibson 755 
 Provine, Clark 600 
 Rising Sun, Dearborn 
 Salt m, Washington 640 
 Salisbury, Wayne 487 
 Shawneetown, Randolph 801 
 Smockville, Jefferson 547 
 Valonia, Jackson 633 
 Vevay, Jefferson 562 
 Vincennes, Knox 730 
 White Oak Sprmgs, Gibson 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 This elegant country has just been formed into a State, making the 
 twentieth \x\ the Union. It consists of the western portion of the lat^ 
 J\Iississippi Territory, as exhibited on the map; the eastern part being 
 now called the Alabama Territory. 
 
 It is increasing with great rapidity in populi.tion and improvements. 
 
 Situation. Between 30° 10' and 35° N. lat. and 
 11° 30' and 14° 3^' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Tennessee. South, 
 Louisiana, Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico. East, 
 Alahama Territory. West, Louisiana and Mis- 
 souri Territory. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 313 miles ; from 
 east to west, 150 miles. 
 
138 
 
 Area, About 43,000 square miles, or 27,5^0,000 
 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Towards the south, level. 
 To the north, elevated, and beautifully diversified. 
 On the north-east, some spurs of tlie Alleghany 
 mountains. 
 
 Rivers, Mississippi, Tennessee, Yazoo, Black, 
 Pearl, and Pascagoula. 
 
 Soil. Generally good, in many places excellent. 
 
 Produce. Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, rye, oats, 
 gome sugar, and indigo. 
 
 Climate. Generally excellent. Winters, mild, 
 and summers not warmer than several degrees to 
 the northward. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Counties^ Popitlation, IS16. Seats of Justice and Clurf Totvns. 
 
 Adams 
 
 Amite 
 
 Claiborne 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Greene 
 
 Hancock 
 
 Jefferson 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 Marion 
 
 Pike 
 
 • Warren 
 
 Wayne 
 
 Wilkinson 
 13 
 
 9,998 
 5,059 
 3,506 
 2,708 
 1,721 
 1,000 
 4,906 
 1,784 
 1,701 
 2,618 
 
 2,084 
 7,275 
 
 45,979 
 
 Washington, Nalchez 
 Liberty 
 Gibsonport 
 Franklin c. h. 
 
 St. Louis, Biloxl 
 Huntstoii, Union 
 
 Jacksonville 
 
 CFort Adams, Pinkneyville, Wood- 
 t ville, Sligo 
 
 Of this population 21,276 are slaves. 
 
 • Laid out since last Census of 1816. 
 
133 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 ilsrOTE. — The frsf name in the following list is the name of tlve Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the Couiity, the figures denote the distance from 
 Washington. 
 
 Bi' b's Tavern, Cowper 1124 l^iberty, Amite 1190 
 
 Big BL-.ck River, 1105 Little Black River, 1125 
 
 Blt( Rock River, 1360 Lofius Heights or Fort Adams, 
 
 Bliiff Springs, Jefferson 1231 Wilkinson 1319 
 
 Chickasaw Agency 988 Monticello, Lawrence 
 
 Chickesawhay, Greene 1098 Natchez, Adams 1268 
 
 Choctaw Agency 1147 Nixon's, Marion 1224 
 
 Choctaw Trading House, 1068 Pinckneyville, Wilkinson 1314 
 
 Curven's, Lawrence 1141 Port Gibson, Claiborne 1221 
 
 Ellis's Ferry, Adams 1274 Red Bluff, Claiborne 1192 
 
 Elysian Fields, Amite 1281 Selsertown, Adams 1268 
 
 Estopatchy River, 1110 Tancipiho, Pike 
 
 Ford's, Amite 1199 Walnut Hills, Warren 1242 
 
 Fort Adams, Lofius Heights 1319 Warrenton, Warren 1220 
 
 Franklin c h., Franklin 767 Washington, Adams 1262 
 
 Greene c h , Greene 1125 White River, Lawrence 1225 
 
 Greenville, Jefferson 1241 Woodville, Wilkinson 1299 
 Crindstone Ford, Claiborne 1212 
 
 ALABAMA TERRITORY. 
 
 This Territory recently formed part of the Mississippi Territory;, 
 but was detached from the western part by last Congress, as exhibit- 
 ed on the map. It is increasing fast in population and wealth, and 
 will soon be entitled to become a State. The probability is that the 
 part of Florida lying to the west of the Chatahouchy River will be an- 
 nexed to it, as soon as that country becomes part of the United Slates. 
 
 Situation. Between 30° 10' and 35° N. lat. and 
 8° and 11° 30' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, Tennessee. South, 
 Gulf of Mexico and West Florida. East, Geor- 
 gia. West, Mississippi. 
 
 Extent. From north to south 317 miles ; from 
 east to vvfst 17-4 miles. 
 
 Area. About 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 
 acres. 
 
13^ 
 
 Face of the country. Towards the south, level 
 and sandy. To the north, elevated and beautiful- 
 ly diversifiod. The Alleghany mountains termi- 
 nate in the north-east, and exhibit a beautiful ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Rivers. Alabama, Tombie^by, Blafk Warrior, 
 Koose, Tallapoose, Tennessee, Chatahouchy, 
 Connecuh, and Perdido. 
 
 Soil. Generally good, in many places exceed- 
 ingly rich and fertile. 
 
 Produce. Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, rye, oats, 
 &c. in great abundance. 
 
 Climate. Generally very good. Winter mild, 
 and the summers tempered by the breezes from 
 the Gulf of Mpxico, are pleasant. The climate of 
 the northern part is probably the finest in the 
 United States. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Gounties. 
 
 Population, 
 
 1816. Chief Toims. 
 
 Baldwin 
 
 1,163 
 
 Fort Stoddart 
 
 Clarke 
 
 4,196 
 
 
 Monroe 
 
 5,296 
 
 Fort Mim, Fort A 
 
 Jackson 
 
 969 
 
 
 Washington 
 
 2,559 
 
 Fort St. Stephens 
 
 MuHson 
 
 14,200 
 
 Hunlsville 
 
 Mobile 
 
 1,300 
 
 Mobile 
 
 29,683 
 
 Of this population 9,247 are slaves. 
 
 The IndLins not enumerated, probably amount to 20,000. 
 
180 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 .VOTjE. — The Jirst name in the foUo-iuin^ list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distatice from 
 Washingt07i. 
 
 Fisher's, Clarke 1159 Htintsville, Madison 869 
 
 Fort Claiborne 1018 Jackson c. h. 
 
 Fort Jiickson, Monroe 883 Leaf River, Greene 
 
 Fort Montj^omery Meridian, Madison 
 
 Fort Stoddart, Baldwin 1056 Mobile, Mobile 
 Fort St. Stephens, Washington Republicsviile, Clarke 1043 
 
 1081 Tensaw, Washington 1024 
 Hickory Flat, Madison 760 
 
 ILLINOIS TERRITORY. 
 
 This Territory is increasing fast in population and improvements. 
 It will be seen by the statistical table, that /o?/r new counties have been 
 laid out since last census ; and it will be observed on the map, that 
 3,500,000 acres of land (a space as large as Connecticut and Rhode 
 Island) are to be located here for the soldiers who fought in the last 
 war. The chance is, that this territory will soon become A state, and 
 it will be one of the most important in the Union. 
 
 Situation. Between 37* and 41® ^5' N. lat. and 
 10° 15' and 14° 15' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, the North-west 
 Territory. South, Kentucky and Missouri Terri- 
 tory. East, Indiana. West, Missouri Territory. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, 306 miles ; from 
 east to west, 210 miles. 
 
 Area. 50.000 square miles, or 32,000,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. In the south, level. To 
 the north, elevated and hilly, but not mountainous. 
 
 Rivers. Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, Kaskaskia, 
 and Stony. 
 
 Minerals. Coal, salt, flint, copper, lead, iron. 
 
 Soil. Generally fertile. 
 
1S6 
 
 Produce. Grain, grass, fruit, flax, hemp^ and 
 southern part, cotton. 
 
 Climate. Temperate and agreeable. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 * Edward 
 
 * Johnson 
 
 * Madison 
 Randolph 
 St. Clair 
 
 * Wabash 
 
 TOPOGRAPHFCAL TABLE. 
 
 Population. Chief Towns and Population. 
 
 7,275 
 5,007 
 
 12,282 
 
 Kaskaskia 622 
 
 * Laid out since last Census. 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JVOTE. — The Jirst name in the fnllowing list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, the fgures denote the distance from 
 WasMngton. 
 
 BelleviUe, St. Clair 
 Big Biiy Settlement, Johnson 868 
 Biy; Muddy Creek, Randolph 853 
 Black Heath, Randolph 946 
 Boon's Mills, White 804 
 Cahukia, St. Clair 979 
 Carmy, White 831 
 Chamber's Store, Washington 
 Codd's Ferry, Wabash 833 
 
 Harrisonville, Monroe 953 
 Johnson c. h., Johnson 888 
 Kaskaskia, Randolph 916 
 Madison c h., Madison 995 
 Miller's Ferry, Randolph 815 
 Palmyra, Edwards 850 
 Saline, Randolph 813 
 Shawnee town, 811 
 
 MICHIGAN TERRITORY. 
 
 Situation. Between 41° 45' and 45° 35' N. lat. 
 and 5° 5' and 8° 18' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, the .straits of Michil- 
 limackinac. South, Ohio and Indiana. » ast, 
 Lakes Huron and St. Clair, and Upper Canada. 
 West, Lake Michigan. 
 
137 
 
 Extent. From north to south, S34 miles; breadth 
 from e.ist to west, 138 miles. 
 
 Jlrea. 27,000 square miles, or 17,^80,000 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. In the centre, the land is 
 high, from whence there is a descent in all direc- 
 tions. 
 
 Rivers. St. Mary's, Huron, Detroit, Black, 
 Marame, Grand, Carrion, Raisin, &c. 
 
 Soil. Generally rich and fertile. 
 
 Produce. Wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, pota- 
 toes, fruit, &c. 
 
 Climate. Temperate and healthy. Winter lasts 
 from the middle of November to the middle of 
 March. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Districts. 
 
 Population. 
 
 Chief Towns and Population 
 
 Detroit 
 
 2,227 
 
 Dethoit 770 
 
 Erie 
 
 1,340 
 
 
 Huron 
 
 580 
 
 
 Michillimackinac 
 
 615 
 
 
 4 4,762 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 JVOTE. — The first name in the folio-wing list is the name of the Post Office, 
 the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance from 
 fVasliington. 
 
 Detroit, Wayne 566 Frenchtown, Raisin River 530 
 
 NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. 
 
 This extensive Territory has not yet been organised into a regular 
 governtMent ; but it is rising fast into importance. Part of the United 
 States troops are stationed at the village of Prairie de Chiens, and along 
 the Quisconsin and Fox Rivers, who will check and controul the In- 
 dians in that quarter ; and judging from the value of the country, and 
 
138 
 
 ihe great tide of emigration to the westward, we may conclude that 
 the basis of a society will soon be formed requiring ihe usual forms 
 of government in ihe other territories. 
 
 Situation!' Between 41° 45' and 4y° 37' N. lat. 
 and 7° and 18° 50' W. long. 
 
 Boundaries. On the north. Upper Canada and 
 Lake Superior. Sonth, Indiana and Illinois Ter- 
 ritory. East, Upper Canada, and Lake Michi- 
 gan. West and south-west, Mississippi River, 
 which divides it from the Missouri Territory. 
 
 Extent. From north to south, about 360 miles ; 
 from east to west, 450 miles. 
 
 Area. About 147,000 square miles, or 94,080,000 
 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Generally undulating. In 
 some places hilly, but not mountainous. 
 
 Rivers. Mississippi, Ouisconsin, Fox, Mono- 
 monie, Chippeway, &c. 
 
 Soil. A great portion of it excellent. 
 
 Climate. Towards the south, pleasant. To the 
 north, cold. 
 
 Few settlement have yet been made in this ex- 
 tensive region, and the inhabitants were not includ- 
 ed in the last census. 
 
 MISSOURI TERRITORY. 
 
 This great country is rising fast into importance. The probability 
 IS, that it will be subdivided into districts of a convenient size, and 
 these will be admitted as states, .s soon as they have sufficient popu- 
 lation. Two millions of acres of land are appropriated for the soldiers 
 between the Arkansas and St. Francis, and half a million above St. 
 Charles. 
 
 Situation. Between 26° and 49° 37' N. lat. and 
 12° and 49° 30' W. long. 
 
139 
 
 Boundaries. On the north, unsettled country. 
 Soiitli, Louisiana and Gulf of Mexico. Kast, 
 Upper Canada, North-west Territory, Illinois 
 Terrritory, Kentucky, Tennessee_, Mississippi, 
 and Louisiana. West, the Pacific Ocean, and 
 south-west the Spanish internal provinces. 
 
 Kxtent. From north to south, about 1380 miles; 
 from east to west, about 1680 miles. 
 
 Area. About 1,580,000 sq. miles, or 1,01 1,S00,000 
 acres. 
 
 Face of the country. Towards the south, level. 
 In many places overflowed by rivers. To the 
 north, elevated, swelling out into large hills. To 
 the north-west and west, very lofty mountains. 
 
 Rivers. Mississippi, Missouri, Kanses, Grand, 
 Osage, Maramec, St. Francis, White, Arkansaw, 
 W'achitta, Red, Sabine, Moines, Rio Colorado, 
 Rio Bravos de Dios, Rio Guadalupe, Rio del 
 Norte, &c. &c. 
 
 Minerals. Very abundant; particularly lead, oif 
 which there are extensive and valuable mines near 
 St. Genevieve. 
 
 Soil. Every quality. A vast quantity of it rich 
 and valuable. 
 
 Produce. Grain, grass, fruit, cotton, and some 
 sugar and indigo. 
 
 Climate. In the south, warm. Middle, tempe- 
 rate. To the north and west, cold. On the Paci- 
 fic Ocean, temperate. 
 
146 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL TABLE. 
 
 Districts'. P 
 
 opulation. 
 
 Cape Girardeau 
 
 3,888 
 
 New Madrid 
 
 2,103 
 
 St. Charles 
 
 3,505 
 
 St. Louis 
 
 5,667 
 
 St. Genevieve 
 
 4,620 
 
 Settlements of Hope"! 
 
 1 
 
 Field and St Fran- \ 
 
 . 188 
 
 cis J 
 
 1 
 
 Do. on Arkansaw 
 
 874 
 
 Chief Towns and PopulatiOiL 
 Cape (iirardeau 
 New Madrid 
 St. Charles 450 
 St Louis 1,600 
 St. Genevieve 
 
 20,845 
 
 LIST OF POST OFFICES. 
 
 ■j\/t>TE. — The Jirst name in the foUoinng list is the name of the Post Oj^re, 
 the second is the name of the County, the figures denote the distance J rom 
 Wasldnfflon. 
 
 Arkansas, Arkansas 1470 
 Big Rock River, 1360 
 Birdbiown, Cape Girardeau 939 
 Candnan's, Arkansas 1330 
 Cape Girardeau, Cape Girardeau 
 
 927 
 Charette, St. Louis 
 ^ardenne, St. Charles 1001 
 Femme, Osage 1020 
 Herculaneum, 954 
 Howard c h., Howard 1174 
 Jackson c h.. Cape Girardeau 939 
 Lawrence c. h., Lawrence 1172 
 Little Red River, 1270 
 Loutre Lick, St Charles 1800 
 Mine-au-Breton, 971 
 
 Missouri Crossings, St. Charles 
 1035 
 
 Murphy's Settlement, St. Gene- 
 vieve 
 
 K^w Madrid, New Madrid 975 
 
 Poiosi, Washington 984 
 
 Pricis, St. Charles 1062 
 
 Rossville, New Madrid 890 
 
 Si. Charles, Fairfield 1001 
 
 St Francis River, 1089 
 
 St. Genevieve, St. Genevieve 921 
 
 St. John's, 1036 
 
 St. Louis, Fairfield 982 
 
 St. Michael's, Washington 1029 
 
 Woods town. 
 
iU 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 >-i View of the British Possessions to the J^orth 
 and Kast of the United States. 
 
 The British lay claim to a vast extent of ter- 
 ritory, comprehending from the boundary of the 
 United States, before described, to the north pole, 
 and across the continent from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific Ocean ; bnt as there are no settlements, ex- 
 cept those borderinj; on the St. Lawrence, it is un- 
 necessary, in this place, to take notice of any other 
 than the following, viz. ; Newfoundland, Cape 
 Breton, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Lower 
 Canada, and Upper Canada ; to which may be 
 added, the country lying west of Upper Canada, 
 so as to complete the view of the map. 
 
 Mr. Pinkerton, one of the best British geogra- 
 phers, justly remarks, " that those parts of North 
 America which still belong to Britain, are exten- 
 sive and of considerable importance, though so 
 thinly peopled, and in such a disadvantageous cli- 
 mate, that they sink into insignificance, when com- 
 pared with the great and flourishing territories of 
 the United States.'' A view of the map, and of 
 the statistical table annexed to it, will afford satis- 
 factory evidence of the truth of this position, which 
 may be further illustrated by adverting to the fol- 
 lowing particulars. 
 
 The whole British territory exhibited on the 
 surface of the map, excluding the large waters. 
 
142 
 
 contaius upwards of one million of square miles : 
 yet. the population, thous^li aided by all the power 
 and rpsonrees of the British empire, for upwards 
 of half a century, contains only between three and 
 four hundred thousand inhabitants: while the sin- 
 gle state of Ohio, which thirty years ai:;o was a 
 savage wilderness, now contains abj)ut five hun- 
 dred thousand ; and fifteen of the counties of the 
 western part of New York, all settled within thir- 
 ty or forty years, contains a population greater than 
 all the Canadas. 
 
 Still, however, the Britisli possessions are of 
 great importance, both to the parent country and 
 to the United States. To the former they afPnrd a 
 good market for many of their manufactures, and 
 send valuable returns of raw material ; and to the 
 lattt'T, particularly the north-east part, they afford 
 an excellent market for the surplus produce, par- 
 ticularly through the medium of the commercial 
 towns on the St. Lawrence, and in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Having taken this general view of these posses- 
 sions, we shall now take a more particular account 
 of the several sections, geographically arranged, 
 from east to west. 
 
 NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 This island is but partially exhibited on the 
 map. The part that we see on it is situated on the 
 east side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, between 
 north latitude 17° 43' and 51° 50', and 18° 30' and 
 S^° of east longitude from Washington; answering 
 to between 55° and 58° 30' west longitude from 
 
143 
 
 London. The part exhibited is about §70 miles 
 long by about 1^0 miles broad, and contains an 
 area of 31,S00 square miles, and about 10,000 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 The face of the country, as far as it is known, is 
 hilly and covered with forests. It is watered by 
 several rivers, and has many large and commo- 
 dious harbours. The soil, as far as it has been 
 exjdored, is rocky and barren. The cliatate is 
 exceedingly disagreeable ; the cold is severe, and 
 of long duration; and in summer the heat, though 
 it continues but for a short time, is violent. The 
 coasts are extremely subject to fogs, attended with 
 almost continual storms of sleet and snow ; and, 
 excepting a short time in summer, the sky is gene- 
 rally overcast with thick clouds. The only vege- 
 table production of any importance is timber, which 
 is abundant, and is a considerable article of com- 
 merce. But the island is chiefly valuable on ac- 
 count of the cod-fisheries on the banks in its neigh- 
 bourhood. The chief towns are St. John, Placeu- 
 tia, and Bonavista. 
 
 CAPE BRETON. 
 
 This island is situated between Newfoundland 
 and Nova Scotia, and extends from north latitude 
 45° 32' to 47° 05', and from east longitude 15° 30' to 
 17° 18', answering to 59° 42' and 61° 30' west 
 longitude from London. It is about 100 miles 
 long by 80 broad ; but the soil and climate are so 
 disadvantageous, that the inhabitants are very few, 
 probably not above 1000 ; chiefly attached to the 
 fisheries. 
 
144 
 
 The face of the country is covered with nume- 
 rous lakes and forests. The soil has, after various 
 experiments, been found totally unfit for agricul- 
 ture. Except the hilly parts, the surface of the 
 ground appears to have but little solidity, being 
 every where covered with moss and water. The 
 climate is exceedingly cold, foggy, and unwhole- 
 some. There are some veins of coal in the island; 
 but, with the exception of timber, it can scarcely 
 boast a single vegetable production of value. The 
 principal towns are Sidney and Louisburg. 
 
 St. JOHN, OR PRINCE EDWARD. 
 
 This island is situated in the Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence, about 30 miles to the westward of Cape 
 Breton ; and on the north of Nova Scotia and New 
 Brunswick, from which it is divided by a narrow 
 strait. It is about 110 miles long and 30 broad ; 
 and, being rich and fertile, contains about 5000 
 inhabitants. It is therefore of more importance 
 than Cape Breton ; but the climate is cold, damp, 
 and foggy, which will for ever prevent it from 
 being thickly settled. The chief towns are Prince- 
 town, Richmond, Charlotte, and Stukely. 
 
 To the north and east of these islands, th<'re is 
 a group called the Magdalen Islands, which, being 
 entirely unsettled, merit no particular notice. 
 
 We may also observe here, that the large island 
 of Anticosti, situated at the outlet of the river St. 
 Lawrence, is entirely barren and uninhabited. 
 
146 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 This is a large peninsula, extending from New 
 Brunswick to the Atlantic, and is about 230 miles 
 long by 110 broad. The country along the coast 
 is nigged and stony, but there are some good spots 
 of land in the interior; and there are valuable 
 mines of coal, limestone, plaster of Paris, and iron 
 ore. The climate is pretty similar to that of the 
 islands already noticed ; but being further south, 
 the winters are more mild, though the vicinity to 
 the Banks of Newfoundland causes it to be much 
 exposed to fogs. The province is settled by 
 French, New Englanders, and British people | 
 but, except the sea-board, the settlements are very 
 thin, the whole population probably not exceeding 
 50,000. 
 
 Halifax is the capital, and is advantageously 
 situated on the west side of a spacious and commo- 
 dious harbour, having an easy and safe entrance. 
 It is built on the declivity of a hill, the summit of 
 which is about 320 feet above the level of the sea, 
 and it is laid out into squares, the streets crossing 
 one another at right angles. It contains about 1000 
 houses and 8000 inhabitants. The country round 
 the town is quite sterile, the land being rockv, and 
 the soil generally unfit for cultivation ; but its con- 
 venience as a port causes it to be pretty well sup- 
 plied with provisions. It is occupied by the Bri- 
 tish as a naval station, which renders it an objtjct 
 of great importance to the United States. 
 
 Liverpool is built on Liverpool bay, and is a 
 commercial settlement of very considerable import- 
 
146 
 
 ance, containing about 200 houses and 1000 inlia- 
 bitants. the greater part of whom are from the 
 United StaU^s. 
 
 Tiie other principal towns are Annapolis, which 
 has of late carried on a great trade with Eastport, 
 in the district of Maine, Onslow, Truro, Windi^or, 
 YaruHfUlh, and Shelhurn; which last was remark- 
 able as l>eing the great resort of British adherents 
 during tlie revolutionary war. In 1783 it contain- 
 ed 600 families ; but it has of late declined, the 
 greater part of its inhabitants having returned to 
 the United States. 
 
 • NEW BRUNSWICK 
 
 Extends from Nova Scotia to Lower Canada, 
 and from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the district 
 of Maine, being about 180 miles long and 120 
 broad. This province being united with Nova 
 Srutia- Cape Breton, and St. John's, in one mili- 
 tai\v command, subject to the governor of Lower 
 Ciuiada, it excites no great attention either in a 
 civil or military point of view. The soil and cli- 
 mate are somewhat assimilated to those of the dis- 
 trict of Maine contiguous to it. There are a num- 
 ber of very extensive rivers in the interior, of which 
 St. John's is the chief; and the soil is represented 
 as being fertile, producing grain and grass in plen- 
 ty. The inhabitants probably amount to about 
 45.000. St. Andrew's and St. John's are the only 
 towns worth notice. 
 
147 
 
 LOWER CANADA 
 
 Is situated upon both sides of the St. Lawrence 
 river, and extends from north latitude 45° to 53°, 
 and from west longitude 4° west, to 12° 30' east 
 from Washington; answering t) 61° 30' and 81° 
 west fr« m London. Its greatest length from east 
 to west is aliout 7^0 miles, and breadth from north 
 to south about 560. Seventy miles of this pro- 
 vince border on New York, 90 on Vermont, 33 
 on New Hampshire, and S45 on the district of 
 Maine. 
 
 The face of the country is rather hilly, and in 
 some places mountainous ; but it contains a great 
 deal of good soil, producing grain, and grass in 
 abundance ; and a little tobacco is raised for pri- 
 vate use. The settlements are mostly confined to 
 the banks of the rivers, and the greater part of the 
 interior of the country is covered with forests ; but, 
 except in the meadows, the trees are generally of 
 small growth. 
 
 The climate is very severe, and the beat and 
 cold go to great extremes. The thermometer rises 
 sometimes in summer to 98°, and in winter the 
 mercury freezes. The winter sets in early in No- 
 vember, and continues till April, during which the 
 ground is entirely covered with snow, often from 
 four to six feet deep. In January and February 
 the frost is so intense, that there is danger of being 
 frost-bitten, and to guard against it the inhabitants 
 cover the whole body with furs, except the eyes 
 and nose. 
 
148 
 
 The population is computed at about 150,000 : 
 and they carry on a very considerable commerce, 
 which chiefly centres in the two great Canadian 
 towns, (Quebec and Montreal. 
 
 A very considerable portion of the trade of this 
 province is derived from Upp^r Canada and the 
 northern parts of the United States ; and the ex- 
 ports, consisting; chiefly nf grain, flour, provisions, 
 potash, timber, naval stores, furs, &c. have of late 
 been very great. The imports are chiefly British 
 goods, part of wliich are distributed through the 
 northern parts of the United States. 
 
 The chief towns are Quebec and Montreal, and 
 these being places of very s;reat importance, de- 
 mand a little more detail in description. 
 
 Quebec is situated on a prominent point of land, 
 between tlie rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, 
 about 320 miles from the sea, in north latitude 46° 
 d2\ west longitude from London 71°; and east 
 from Washington 6°. It is 80 miles distant from 
 the nearest point in the United States, in the dis- 
 trict of Maine — 170 from Montreal — 343 from 
 Plattsbnrg — and 421 from Albany. The town is 
 divided into upper and lower. Th<- upper town 
 stands on a high limestone rock, of great natural 
 strength, and it is well fortified. The citadel is 
 constructed on the highest part of Cape Diamond, 
 350 feet above the river, and is very strong ; and 
 the whole works have, of late years, been much 
 improved. 
 
 The lower town occupies the ground at the basis 
 of the promontory, which has been gained from the 
 cliffs, ou one side, by mining, and from the river, 
 
149 
 
 ou the other, by the construction of wharves ; and 
 this is the principal place of commerce. 
 
 In consequence of the peculiarity of situation^ 
 the streets are generally irregular and uneven ; 
 many of them very narrow, and but few of them 
 are paved. The houses are generally built of 
 stone, and are very rough and unsightly, the inte- 
 rior being plain and void of taste. The public 
 buildings are numerous, but the greater part of 
 them are equally void of taste and elegance with 
 the private building!^; though much labour and ex- 
 pense must have been bestowed on their construc- 
 tion. The principal public buildings are the Ca- 
 tholic cathedral church, the Jesuit's college, the 
 seminary, the Pr(»testant metropolitan church, the 
 court house, the horel Uieu, convent of Ursulines, 
 library, general hospital, &c. The monastery, 
 once a building of considerable importance, was 
 destroyed by fire, in 1796 ; and the order became 
 extinct. 
 
 The population appears, by the most recent ac- 
 counts, to be about 15,000. About two-thirds of 
 the inhabitants are of French extraction, who are 
 gay and lively ; and the inhabitants generally are 
 represented as being; polite and hospitable. 
 
 The river, opposite the city, is from 900 to 1000 
 yards broad, and its greatf^st depth, at high water, 
 is thirty fathoms, the anchorr.ge being every where 
 safe and good. The flow of the tide is very strong, 
 rising usually to eig!)teeu feet, and at spring tides 
 to twenty-four. The river, in winter, is frequently 
 frozen over, when the scene becomes very amusing 
 and interesting, afibrding the country people, on 
 
150 
 
 the south side, an opportunity of bringing their 
 produce to market over the ice ; and presenting 
 a field for the exerrise of the citizens, who are 
 frequently seen driving their iiorses and carri.^ges 
 on the frozen etirface of the river. Below the 
 town, the rivor widens out into a s|)acious basin, 
 capable of containing a vast quantity of shipping. 
 Immediately below this it is divided by the island 
 of Orleans into two streams, from whence it widens 
 out to ten or twelve miles, continuing to increase till 
 it reaches the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where it is ±70 
 miles wide, and discharges t»ne of the largest col- 
 lections of fresh water on the surface of the globe. 
 It is navigable with ships of the largest burden to 
 Quebec, and with merchant vessels to Montreal. 
 The tide flows to Three Kivers, about 70 miles 
 above Quebec. 
 
 The view round Quebec is beautiful. To the west 
 are the heights and plains of Abraham, rendered 
 memorable by the battle between the French and 
 English in 1759. To the north is the river St. 
 Charles, of which the windings present a pictu- 
 resque appearance. To the south and south-east 
 is the river and highlands above Point des Peres. 
 To the east is the basin, Point Levi, Isle of Or- 
 leans, with the north and south channels. To the 
 north-east are the mountains of Beauport, stretch- 
 ing beyond the river Montmorenci, remarkable as 
 exhibiting one of the most wonderful falls in the 
 world, a description of which shall close this 
 account. 
 
 The river Montmorenci rises in the north-east, 
 and passes through a course of considerable extent. 
 
191 
 
 On its apprnacli to the St. Lawrence, the channel 
 is bounded by precipitous rocks, its breadth be- 
 comes much contracted, and the rapidity of the 
 current is augmented. On the east side the bank 
 is ai»out 50 feet high, and nearly perpendicular; 
 the opposite bank being of a singular shape, re- 
 sembling tlie ruins of a lofty wall. The river de- 
 scends between them with a foaming current, 
 broken by huge masses of stone at the bottom. It 
 continues to augment in velocity, and forms several 
 cascades before reaching the great fall : when it is 
 precipitated, in an almost perpendicular direction, 
 over a rock 34(5 feet high, forming one of the most 
 suhlime viewp in the world. 
 
 The breadth of the fall is 100 feet. The basin 
 is bounded by steep cliffs, composed of grey lime- 
 stone. An advantageous view of the fall may be 
 obtained from the beach of the St. Lawrence, when 
 it is low wate-r. 
 
 Montreal is situated on the south-east side of 
 an island of the same name, in the river St. Law- 
 rence, in 45° 28' north latitude; and longitude west 
 from London 73° 35'; being east from Washington 
 3° 25'. It is 170 miles above Quebec, 500 from 
 the sea, 40 from the nearest land in the United 
 States, and about 200 from Kingston, at the east 
 end of Lake Ontario. It is built in the form of a 
 parallelogram, extending from north-east to south- 
 west, and was originally surrounded by a wall to 
 defend it against the Indians ; but it was never in 
 a state to resist the attack of a regular army. The 
 fortificati(ms fell to ruin long ago, and, in pur- 
 suance of an act of the colonial legislature, they 
 
158 
 
 have lately beerv entirely demolished. The cHy, 
 like Quebec, is divided into upper and lower, 
 though the diflference of level between them does 
 not exceed fifteen feet. 
 
 The streets are sufficiently wide, and regularly 
 disposed, crossing one another mostly at right 
 angles, so that the city is airy and agreeable. The 
 houses of the principal inhabitants are neat and 
 commodious ; and the store-houses, for merchan- 
 dise, are spacious and secure ; but many of the 
 other houses are badly built, and have a very poor 
 appearance. The principal public buildings are 
 the hotel Dieu, founded in 1644; the general hos- 
 pital, place d^armes, the cathedral, a Roman ca- 
 tholic and an Knglish church, a seminary, two 
 convents, government house, and a court of law. 
 Anciently there were a number of gates to the city, 
 distinguished by several names, some of which yet 
 remain, but the walls being away, the gates are 
 now only known by name. 
 
 The front of the city stands on an eminence of 
 from 10 to 15 feet above the level of the river, 
 which forms a natural and very excellent wharf, 
 the seat of an extensive commerce ; and the environs 
 are composed of four streets, viz. Quebec, St. Law- 
 rence, Recolet, and St. Antoine. The city and 
 suburbs contain about 1^,000 inhabitants; and the 
 city is in such a state of improvement that it pro- 
 mises to become one of tiie most important places 
 on the western continent. 
 
 Montreal Island is 30 miles long, and its great- 
 est breadth between 7 and 8 ; its circumference 
 being about 70 miles. The laud rises gradually 
 
15B 
 
 from the river, and, at the distance of two milee 
 and a half from the city, forms a mountain, ai^out 
 700 feet high^ from the top of which there is a fine 
 view. 
 
 The island is divided into nine parishes, and is 
 the seat of a very extensive population. The prin- 
 cipal settlements, besides Montreal, are La Chine, 
 so called from a project formed to penetrate across 
 the continent to China from this place ; St. Joseph, 
 Le Saut, St. Laurent, St. Genevieve, and St. Ann. 
 
 Tke Isle of Jesus lies to the north-west of Mon- 
 treal, from which it is divided by the river des 
 Prairies ; so called from being bordered on each 
 side by meadows. This island is about 15 miles 
 long, and 5 broad, and contains several settlements: 
 and to the westward are two smaller islands, nam- 
 ed Bisart, and Perrot. To the north of the I««le 
 of Jesus is the river St. John, a branch of the 
 Outawas, or Grand River, a considerable stream, 
 which towards the west is interspersed with such 
 a vast variety of islands, that there appears as 
 much land as water. To the west of this are the 
 Two Mountains, and to the south of them the 
 Outawas River extends itself into a large basin, 
 called the Lake of the Two Mountains, being 
 about 8 or 9 miles long, and 4 or .^ broad ; and, 
 being divided into two channels by the Isle Perrot, 
 it forms a junction with the St. Lawrence in the 
 Lake St. Louis. 
 
 Lake St. Louis is only an extension of the river 
 St. Lawrence, about 4 miles broad, and stretches 
 to La Chine, where it contracts to the breadth of 
 little more than half a mile^ and opposite to La 
 
154 
 
 Prairie there are considerable rapids; below which 
 it spreads out into a stream from one to two miles 
 wide, interspersnd with a number of islands, among 
 wbioh the river runs wiili a strong; current, and it 
 is pretty deep. It is navigable with merchant ves- 
 sels to Montreal, but it requires a strong; east wind 
 to bring them up^ so that the passage is very 
 tedious ; but the city, nevertheless, has j^reat mer- 
 cantile advantages. It enjoys a much more favour- 
 able cliiitate than Quebec, the winters being six 
 weeks shorter. The soil around it is rich and fer- 
 tile, and sue markets are abuiidantly supplied ; a 
 considerable portion of the sijp|dies, before the 
 war, were furnisiied by the United States. 
 
 The mode of navigating the St. Lawrence and 
 Outawas upwards, is interesting. The St. Law- 
 rence is navigated by Hat-botlomed boats, about 
 forty- nine feet long, ^nd six across, at the broadest 
 part. They generally carry about 9000 /6s. and 
 are conducted by four men and a guide. Each 
 boat is supplied with a mast and sail, a grappling 
 iron, with ropes, and setting poles. When load- 
 ed, they take their departure from La Chine, gene- 
 rally eight or ten together, that the crews may aid 
 each other; and the time of performing the voyage 
 to Kingston and back is about ten or twelve days; 
 the distance being about 200 miles. 
 
 From twenty to thirty of these boats are kept in 
 the service of the government, for transporting ne- 
 cessaries to the troops, stores for the engineer <le- 
 partment, and presents of European manufiieiure 
 to the Indian tribes. 
 
155 
 
 The navigation of the Oufawas. or Grand River, 
 is perfornird in bark ea)wes, in a direct course to 
 St. Joseph, on Lake Huron, and thence to the new 
 estahlishiuent called Kamanastigua, on Lake Su- 
 perior. 
 
 The other principal towns and settlements are, 
 Isle aux Noix, St. John, Chambly, an<l Sorel, on 
 the river Sorel or Richelieu ; and Three Rivers, 
 St. Supliie, St. Ann's, and Sillery, on the St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 UPPER CANADA 
 
 Extends from Lovvor Canada to Lake Winni- 
 pes;, in lon^itudf 97°» and comprehends a vast ex- 
 *tent of territory; heing from east to west about 600 
 miles, and about 360 on an average from north to 
 south. — The isrea is ;»b«»ut 290,000 square miles. 
 
 The settlements are chiefly confined to the banks 
 of the rivers and lakes, and presiMit a mo^t exten- 
 sive, and in some pla< es a thickly settled frontier 
 to the United States. About 300 miles of this 
 prnvin<e bruder on the rivers and lakes opposite 
 the M(( hii^an territory ; l.iO on Lake Erie, oppo- 
 site the state of Oliio; i5 opposite the state oi 
 Pennsylvania; and 380 on the state of New York. 
 
 The inhabitants are ((imposed of French, Eng- 
 lish, and Scottish, and a a;reat many have emigrat- 
 ed from the Uni'ed States within these last twentj 
 years, principriUy of Dutch and German extrac- 
 tion. The wliole inhabitauts may be estimated at 
 100,000, and as the district along the lakes enjoys 
 a pretty mild climate and good soil, they are likely 
 to increase. 
 
156 
 
 That part of the province whieli stretches be 
 tvveea the lakes, lying between the 42(1 and 4'5tli 
 degree of north latitude, is by far the most valua- 
 ble, and enjoys a comparatively temperate climate, 
 the winters being generally as mild as at Philadel- 
 phia. The banks of Lake Erie and of the Niaga- 
 ra river between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario are 
 beautiful, and will, in all probability, become a 
 thickly settled country, to which, and to the ad- 
 joining states, the inhabitants of the lower pro- 
 vinces will be chiefly indebted for their trade. 
 
 Agriculture is pretty well understood, and the 
 produce is abundant. A good deal of domestic 
 manufacture is carried on, and there are some card- 
 ing machines, and a few coarse woollens are made;- 
 but they are not encouraged, the genius of the go- 
 vernment being directed to secure as many impor- 
 tations as possible from England. 
 
 The great leading feature in the geography of 
 the British possessions is the gulf and river St. 
 Lawrence, connected with the great lakes, and the 
 navigable rivers that flow into them. They admit 
 of the greatest inland navigation in the world, and 
 this, to a maritime and commercial nation, like Bri- 
 tain, is of such importance, that we cease to won- 
 der at the high value she sets on her North Ame- 
 rican possessions. From the view that has been 
 exhibited, it will be perceived, that the gulf and 
 river St. Lawrence is navigable with ships of the 
 largest size to Q^uebec, nearly 700 miles from the 
 sea. Merchant vessels ascend to Montreal, 17O 
 miles above Quebec. Batteaux of large size as- 
 cend to Kingston, about SOO miles above Montreal 
 
157 
 
 Lake Ontario is navigable with ships of large bur- 
 den, 170 mileSj to the mouth of the Niagara river, 
 and that river is navigable eight miles to Qiieens- 
 town. Here there is an overland carriage toChip- 
 peway, distant ten miles, from whence the river is 
 navigable in large boats, 23 miles, to Fort Erie. 
 Lake Erie is navigable with ships of large burden 
 to Maiden, 250 miles, and the navigation is conti- 
 nued through Detroit river, S4< miles ; through 
 Lake St. Clair 40 ; through Huron river 40 ; and 
 through Lake Huron to the rapids of St. Mary, 
 250 miles. There is a portage by a canal of three 
 miles at these rapids ; and then Lake Superior is 
 navigahle to the grand portage leading to Lake 
 Winnipeg, 300 miles, and to its west end, 150 
 miles more. The whole of this extended naviga- 
 tion is therefore 2337 miles; and it is all navigable 
 with ships excf'pt 313 miles, of which only 10 re- 
 quire the use of land carriage. 
 
 Besides the direct navigation to the head of Lake 
 Superior, there are various minor branches, some 
 of them of great extent and importance ; and there 
 are many portages to the head waters of the west- 
 ern rivers. The Outawas or Grand River connects 
 Montreal, by an inland passage, with the upper 
 lakes, and with James's bay ; and from the last, 
 there is a continued chain of water communiccitionL 
 to the Arctic Ocean. The grand portage connects 
 Lake Superior with tlie Lake of the Woods, Lake 
 Winnipeg, and the interior of the country, to a 
 great extent; and from the head of Lake Superior, 
 there is a short portage to the head waters of the 
 Mississippi. 
 
158 
 
 The chief towns and settlements in Upper Ca- 
 nada are — 
 
 York, the capital, situated on the north side of 
 Lake Ontario; Newark, Queenstown, and Chippe- 
 \vay, on the Niagara river ; Kingsioti, at the east 
 end of Lake Ontario ; and Maiden and Sandwich, 
 on tlie straits of Detroit. 
 
 The territory west of Upper Canada, and the 
 coast of Lahrador, thoui:;h t)f great extent, being 
 entirely unsettled, merit net parficulir notice. 
 
 The island on the west coast, inhabited by the 
 Wakash nation, may be considered for the present 
 as an independent state. The iuhahiiants are re- 
 presented as lieing a savage, warlike |)eople, 
 against whose power it will be necessary to guard, 
 should any settlement be formed on the north-west 
 coast. 
 
 i 
 
159 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 A View of the Spanish Internal Provinces, and of 
 Florida. 
 
 The whole of the internal provinces are exhi- 
 bited on the map, together with the peninsula of 
 California, Upper California, the unexplored conn- 
 try to the north-west, and a part of the vice-royalty 
 of Mexico on the south. 
 
 The internal provinces extend from the Rio del 
 Norte to the Gulf of California, an<l from the Gulf 
 of Mexico to the north-west limits of Sinora, and 
 to New Mexico. The length from the south-east 
 part to the north-west part is about 900 miles ; and 
 the breadth from norih-east to south-west is about 
 900. The whole space is about 630.000 square 
 miles, and comprehends the Intendancies of Du- 
 rango in the middle, Sinora on the west, and San 
 Louis Potosi on the east. 
 
 The face of the country \s very various. On the 
 sea-coast, to the eastward, it is pretty level, but 
 soon rises to a considerable eminence. The coun- 
 try in the interior is remarkably diversified, a great 
 part of it being covered by lofiy mountains. In 
 the north-west, the mountains are in many places 
 so high, that they are covereil with perpetual snow. 
 By viewing the map, it will be readily seen, that 
 the greater part of the rivers that water this coun- 
 try, rise among these mountains. I'he Rio del 
 Norte, already noticed, waters the whole north- 
 east part, ill a course exceeding liOO miles. The 
 
160 
 
 llio Colorado of the west, rises near the Rio del 
 Norte, and pursuius; a south-west passage of more 
 than 600 miles, falls into the head of the Gulf of 
 California. The Rio Gila rises among the moun- 
 tains in the intt-rior, and pursuing a west course of 
 350 miles, falls also into the Gulf of California. 
 The only other river of note is the Hiaqui on the 
 west, and the Rio de San Fernando, flowing into 
 the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Having taken this general view of the country, 
 Ave shall now take a more minute view by inten- 
 dancies, which will afford an opportunity of bring- 
 ing into notice the valuable mines scattered through 
 the country, which are generally denoted on the 
 map by a small star. 
 
 INTENDANCY OF BAN LOUIS FOTOSI. 
 
 This intendancy comprehends the province of 
 JVew Santander, and Jfew Leon, in the internal 
 provinces. On the south it extends into the vice- 
 royalty, and in the north and east it comprehends, 
 by the Spanish account, the province of Texas ; 
 but the whole of this territory, and all that part of 
 New Santander which lies to the north of the Rio 
 Bravo, is, by the Americans, considered part of the 
 territory of the United States. — The part of New 
 Santander lying south of the Rio del Norte, and 
 New Leon, are the only provinces to be noticed 
 here. 
 
 This country, as exhibited on the map, is about 
 160 miles square, comprehending about 23,600 
 square miles, and the inhabitants are computed at 
 about 70,000. 
 
161 
 
 The soil is composed of secondary and alluvial 
 formations. The climate is very unequal. In 
 summer it is extremely hot, and in winter the cold 
 is very severe, particularly during the prevalence 
 of those winds which blow over the country JVoni 
 the northern regions, towards the torrid zone. The 
 sky, however, is generally pure and serene. The 
 country is gifted by nature with the most precious 
 productions, particularly towards the province of 
 Zacatecas, where the mines of gold and silver are 
 said to be very rich. It is, however, not very 
 favourably situated in a commercial point of view, 
 for, though there are a number of ports along the 
 Gulf of Mexico, the depth of water seldom exceeds 
 IS feet. — The principal towns and settlements are, 
 Monterryf Linares^ Soto la Marino^ and Remosa. 
 
 INTENDANCY OF DURANGO. 
 
 This intendancy comprehends the provinces of 
 Cohauila and J\*ew Biscay, together with the moun- 
 tainous district, called the. Bo Ison de Mapimif which 
 is sometimes considered as a country not conquer- 
 ed by the Spaniards, and sometimes as composing 
 a part of this intendancy. 
 
 The province of J\reiv Mexico to the north, al- 
 though separated from the intendancy of Durango 
 by a desert, extending from the Passu del Norte 
 to Shibilleta, is represented on the map in connex- 
 ion with it. 
 
 This intendancy, including JS'^ew Mexico, ex- 
 tends from north to south about 1200 miles, and 
 450 from east to west. Its area is about 380,000 
 
16a 
 
 square miles ; aud the inhabitants amount, by the 
 most recent accounts, to 300,000, being a little less 
 than one to a square mile. 
 
 The soil is by no means fertile throughout this 
 district: but there arc rnnny rich valleys, so that 
 the country might sustain a great population. The 
 objects of the greatest importance are the mines, of 
 whicli the produce is very considerable, except in 
 New Mexico, where no gold or silver has been 
 found ; but there is in that province an extensive 
 copper mine ; and in some of the mountains near 
 Santa Fe, there has been found a stratum of talc, 
 which is so large and flexible as to render it capa- 
 ble of being divided into thin flakes, of which the 
 greater proportion of the houses in Santa Fe, and 
 all the villages to the north, have their window- 
 lights made. 
 
 As this territory comprehends a great extent of 
 latitude, the climate is very various. Generally 
 speaking, the heat and cold go to great extremes ; 
 but the air is pure and serene, and there is very 
 little rain, except at one season of the year. Pike, 
 in treating of New Mexico, says, "No person ac- 
 customed to reside in the temperate climate of 36 
 and 37 degrees of north latitude, in the United 
 States, can form any idea of the piercing cold in 
 that parallel in New Mexico; but the air is se- 
 rene, and unaccompanied by d^mpsand fogs, as it 
 rains but once in the year, and some years not at 
 all. It is a mountainous ccmntry. The grand 
 dividing ridges, which separate the waters of the 
 Hit) di'l Norte from those of California, border it 
 on the line of its western limits, and are covered 
 
 >- 
 
163 
 
 in some places with eternal snows, which give a 
 keenness to the air that could not be calculated 
 upon, nor expected, in a temperate zone." 
 
 The principal towns and settlements are Duran- 
 go^ Chihuahua, St. Jean del Rio, and Pallalein, 
 in New Biscay ; and Montelovez, Saltilla, and 
 Santa Rosa, in Cohauila. In New Mexico the 
 principal town is Santa Fe^ the capital of the pro- 
 vince. 
 
 INTENDANCY OF SINORA. 
 
 This infendancy comprehends the provinces of 
 Sinora and Sinaloa, extending; in length 540 
 miles, and in breadth about 270. The area is 
 about 145,800 square miles, and the population 
 about 260,000. 
 
 The soil in this intend ancy is dry and sandy, 
 except towards the Gulf of California, where it is 
 much better; but there is very little timber in the 
 country. — T!ie air is humiti upon the sea-roast, but 
 dry a. d pure in the interior. The country abounds 
 with gold and silver mines. 
 
 The chief towns and settlements are — Tn Sino- 
 ra, AuisPE, the capital, Sinora, and Terrante; 
 and in Sinaloa, the capital of the same name. 
 
 PROVINCE OF OLD CALIFORNIA. 
 
 This province embrares all the jjeniusula stretch- 
 ing from north latitude 23^ 10 near 32°: beiiru; iirar- 
 ly TOO miles long, and on an averag s:boa; 70 
 miles broail. The area is .bout 50,000 square 
 miles, and ihe populaii.n about i)000. 
 
 Y 
 
161 
 
 A chain of mountains runs through the centre of 
 vthe province its w^holc length, of which the highest 
 point is about 5000 feet. At the foot of the moun- 
 tains t'ne soil is satuly and stony ; and, indeed, in 
 the vvliole province, the soil is remarkably light 
 and arid ; vegetation is at a stand, and rain being 
 very unfiequent, there is a general want of water. 
 There are few springs, and. through a remarkable 
 fatality, where they are, the rork is generally 
 naked. In some places, however, there are springs 
 and earth together, and where this is the case, no- 
 thing can exceed the fertility of the soil. The cli- 
 mate is delightful. The sky is constantly serene, 
 and of a deep blue, generally without a cloud ; or 
 should a few clouds appear, it is only for a mo- 
 ment at the setting of the sun, and then they dis- 
 play the most beautiful sliarles of violet, purple, 
 and green. No where could an astronomer find a 
 more delightful abode than on this coast. 
 
 The principal towns and settlement are, Loreto, 
 Santa Jlna, and San Joseph. 
 
 INTENDANCY OF NEW CALIFORNIA. 
 
 This intendancy ex'ends from near north lati- 
 tude 33°, to the bay of St. Francisco, in latitude 
 38°; an<l from the mountains, as exhibited on the 
 map, to the sea ; being about 4riO miles long, and 
 an .'iverage breadth of 110. Its area is about 
 50,000 square miles, and the population about 
 16,000. 
 
 The soil of New California is much superior to 
 that of the peninsula, and the country is well wa^ 
 
165 
 
 tered. The climate is much more mild than in the 
 same parallels of latitude on the eastern coast of 
 the continent; hut the sky is often overcast and 
 cloudy. Good wines are made all along the coast, . 
 to beyond 37° north latitude, and olives grovi^ plen- 
 tifully in the south. The face of the country is 
 agreeably diversified, and prairies of considerable 
 extent are situated betvi^een the coast and the moun- 
 tains. 
 
 The principal settlements are, St. Francisco, 
 Monterry, St. Michael, St. Fernando, and St. 
 Diego. St. Carlos de Mon terry, the capital, 
 was founded in 1770- 
 
 The large country lying between the Californian 
 Mountains and New Mexico, has been but par- 
 tially explored. Future researches will, no doubt, 
 make important discoveries in this quarter; and at 
 some future day the Gulf of California, and the 
 llio Colorado of the Mest, will probably be the 
 seats of large and important settlements. 
 
 PAUT 0¥ THE VICE-ROYALTY. 
 
 The part of the vice-royalty exhibited on the 
 map, comprehends part of Gimdalaxara ; part of 
 Zacatecas ; part of St. Louis; and part of JVew 
 Saiitander. It extends from the Gulf of xVlexico 
 to Siualoa, and from north latitude 25° i50' to 2i° 
 47'? being 414< miles long by 90 broad, and con- 
 tains 35,000 square miles, and about 120,000 inha- 
 bitants. 
 
 The soil and climate of the eastern part has been 
 noticed under the head of the inlendancy of San 
 
166 
 
 Louis Potosi. In the interior tliere is a high table 
 land, and tlie soil is singularly arid and barren. 
 There are a considerable number of mines, and the 
 country abonnds with soda. 
 
 The principal towns are. J^ew Santander, Fres- 
 mllo, Sombrerete, and *SY. Lucea. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Thi«! province is situated on the south of the 
 United Slates, and originally was divided into 
 east and west ; but the United Stales having, in 
 virtue of the purchase of Louisiana, claimed and 
 taken possession of all that part situated to the 
 westward of the Perdido river — the part that 
 stretches between that river and th«^ Apalachicola, 
 is represented on the map in connexion with the 
 peninsula, under the general name of Florida. 
 
 The province, so constituted, extends from north 
 latitude S5° to -31°; and fiom longitude 3° 30' to 
 10° 22' W. from Washington. The length from 
 north to south is 3/0 miles, and the greatest breadth 
 from east to west is about 350 miles ; but the ave- 
 rage breadth of the peninsula is only about 120. 
 The area in square miles is about 58,000; and the 
 population about 10.000, being nearly six square 
 miles to one inhahitaut. 
 
 The face of the country is, generally speaking, 
 low and sandy. In the interior there is a ridge of 
 sandy hills, but there is no bold scenery ; while 
 the country abounds in many places with swamps 
 and marshes to such a degree, as to render it very 
 unhealthy. Having such an extensive sea-coast, 
 
167 
 
 however, on which there are a great number of 
 fine harbours, there are many choice situations for 
 towns, and the whole country, if cleared, drained, 
 and cultivated, would support a very considerable 
 population. 
 
 The largest rivers are, St. John's, and Apala- 
 chicola; but there are many smaller ones, and the 
 ba.YS are very numerous, and some of them very ex- 
 tensive. 
 
 The soil is generally sandy, but there is a great 
 deal of excellent alluvial land on the banks of the 
 rivers, and the intervals between the hills are many 
 of them rich, affording excellent ranges for cattle. 
 
 There seems to be but a small supply of mine 
 rals in the country. Limestone and iron ore are 
 found on the banks of the Apalachicola river; and 
 there are some mineral springs. 
 
 The country being nearly surrounded by the 
 sea, and within the range of the trade winds, en- 
 joys a comparatively temperate climate. The 
 summers are generally pleasant, and the winters 
 very mild. Frost and snow are never seen, ex- 
 cept in the northern extremity, and there but sel- 
 dom. Cattle graze in the fields all winter, and 
 many places produce two crops in a year. 
 
 The principal towns are, St. Au^ustinp, on the 
 Atlantic, and Pensacola. on the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
168 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 
 «5 View of the West Indies, and the Islands of 
 Bahama and Bermudas. 
 
 The West India islands, together with part 
 of the Spanish Maine, and pari of the Bahama Isl- 
 ands, are exhibited on the south-east corner of the 
 map, on a redacted scale. 
 
 The islands which have received the name of 
 West Indies, lie hetwi^en latitude 10° and 28° 
 north, and louiijitude 5\}° and 8j° west frtim Lon- 
 don. The southern exuemitv U the islatul of Tri- 
 nidad, and VValti rN Key, to the north of the {Ba- 
 hama Inlands, is the northern. The n;tmc West 
 Indies was conferred upon them by the first disco- 
 verers, from a mistuken notion thai they constitut- 
 ed a part of India, which they were in quest of. 
 They may he classed as follows : 
 
 On the west, the lari^e islands Cuba, Jamaica, 
 St. Domiyigo, or Hayti, and Porto Rico, with the 
 lesser islands attached to them. 
 
 On the east, the C.;rihhean Islands, consisting 
 of Crab Island^ St. Thomas, Jinegada, Tortola, 
 Santa Cruz, Ans^uilla, St. JMartin, St. Bartholo- 
 mew, Saba. Barbuda, St. Kustatia, St. Christo- 
 j)hprs, JVevis. Atttigua. Montserrat, Guadaloupe, 
 Deseada, Marigalante, Dominica, ,Uai'tinico, St. 
 Lucia, Barhadoes, St. Vincent^ Grenada, Tobago, 
 and Trinidad. 
 
 On the south, the lesser Antilles, viz.: Margari- 
 ta, Tortuga, Buenos Aijres, aud Curapoa. 
 
169 
 
 On the north, the Bahama Islands, consisting of 
 Grand Bahama^ Maco, JSleuthera, Providence, 
 San Salvador, Long Island, Mayaguana, Turk^s 
 Island, and tlie niiraeroiis keys and small islands 
 with which they are surrounded. 
 
 CUBA, (Spanish.) 
 
 This nohle island is ahout 800 miles long, by 70 
 broad. Its area is about ,^4,000 square miles, and 
 it contains about 350,000 inhabitants. 
 
 The fare of the country is exceedingly diversi- 
 fied and beautiful ; and the soil is fertile in a high 
 degree, producing sugar, tohacco, ginger, cotton, 
 and other articles of great value. 
 
 The chief city is Ilavanna, which contains about 
 25,000 inhahitants. The other principal towns 
 are, Matanzas, Trinidad^ St. Juan, and San Sal- 
 vador. 
 
 JAMAICA, (British.) 
 
 This is. the most valuable island possessed by 
 the English. It is ahout 150 miles long, by 50 
 broad, containing an area of 6000 square miles, 
 and contains a population of upwards of 300,000, 
 of whom about 9-lOths are slaves. 
 
 Tiie island is divided by a range of mountains, 
 running nearly east and west tlirv)ughout its whole 
 lens;th, in vvhi( h several rivers take th.eii rise, Sow- 
 ing fhence in gentle streams to the sea. The. whole 
 island is distiugnisheii by scenery of a superlative 
 description, and the mountains are covered with ex- 
 
170 
 
 tensive woods in perpetual verdure ; so that it may 
 be said to enjoy a perpetual spring. In the inte- 
 rior of the country, the island is quite healthy and 
 agreeable ; but in many of the sea- ports it is very 
 unwholesome, and becomes the grave of many Eu- 
 ropeans, 
 
 Spanish Town is the seat of government; but 
 Kingston is by far the largest town, containing 
 about 30,000 inhabitants, The other principal 
 towns are, Montego-Baijf Savanna-la-Mar, and 
 Falmouth. 
 
 ST. DOMINGO, OR HAYTI, (Negroes.) 
 
 This beautiful island is about 320 miles long, by 
 about 150 broad, containing about 38,000 square 
 mib's, and about 500,000 inhabitants, chiefly peo- 
 ple of colour. It was once in such a flourishing 
 state, that it was called the paradise of the West 
 Indies ; but the revolution, which transferred the 
 power from European hands into that of the people 
 of coloui", has no doubt greatly altered its character. 
 
 The s«»i! is excellent, and the island fti'Jile in the 
 highi'st dt'i2;ree ; producing ulaiost every variety of 
 a vegetable naMire lor use and beauty, or fnod and 
 luxury, wliich Providenre has bes^towi d on man. 
 But the climate is uniavouralile, and in luany places 
 so fatal to Europeans, th:it it is probable they will 
 never ujore gain an ascendancy on it. 
 
 The ciiief towns are, St. l)amins;o. St. Jago, 
 Port-au-Frince^ Jeremie^ tiud Vaj[)e J\'icuuiu Mole. 
 
171 
 
 PORTO RICO, (Spanish.) 
 
 This island is about 115 miles long, by 36 broad. 
 Its area is about 4,000 square miles, and it r-oniains 
 about S00,000 inhabitants, the number Iteinj^ great- 
 ly augmented by the refugees from St. Domingo. 
 
 The island is beautiful, fertile, and well water- 
 ed ; and the produce is abundant, of sugar, cotton, 
 ginger, &c. The chief town is St. Juan. 
 
 CARIBBEE ISLANDS. 
 
 These comprehend the whole of the group situ- 
 ated between Porto Rico and Trinidad. Their 
 size and relative situation will be distinctly seen 
 on the map. The largest are Guadaloupe and 
 JMartinico^ which are fine islands, containing up- 
 wards of 30,000 inhabitants. They belong to the 
 French. St. Martins and St. Bartholomew be- 
 long to Sweden ; St. Thomas and Santa Cruz be- 
 long to the Danes ; and all the rest are English. 
 
 Of the English islands, Antigua, Barbadoes, and 
 Trinidad, are the most important. They all fur- 
 nish nearly the same kind of produce, of which 
 sugar is the staple. They are all cultivated by 
 slaves ; and they are all severe upon Europeaa 
 constitutions. 
 
 The population of the whole of the English isl- 
 ands, including Jamaica, is about 900,000. 
 
172 
 
 BAHAMA ISLANDS. 
 
 These belong wholly to En2;lan(l, and are very 
 numerous : l^ut, exceptins; Providence, they are of 
 no great itnportanre. 'i'he principal port of the 
 whole is JWsaau, in the island of Providence. 
 
 The island of San Salvador, or Guanihani, 
 is remarkable, as being th«' first landing-place in 
 America of the immortal Columbus, who contri- 
 buted so largely towards the discovery of the coun- 
 tries represented on this map. 
 
 BERMUDAS ISLANDS, (British.) 
 
 These islands are situated about 800 miles from 
 (he American continent, and al)oijt an equal dis- 
 tance between Nova Scotia and the West Indies. 
 There ar<^ a consiflorable number of islands in the 
 group, but the greater part are mere rocks. There 
 are only four of considerable importance. T'he 
 largest island is named Bermudas^ but the ca[)ital 
 of all the islands is situated in the island of St. 
 George. The town of St. Georgr, (the capital,) 
 contains about 500 houses. The other islands are, 
 St. David^s and Somerset. 
 
 The whole of the islands contain about 12 or 
 13,000 acres of very poor land, of which a small 
 part only is in cultivation. The chief produce is, 
 maize, culinary vegetables, and cotton. 
 
 The inhabitants amount to about 10,000, of 
 whom nearly one-half are negroes. The principal 
 employment is bhip building, navigation, and fishing. 
 
173 
 
 The climate is very fine, and as they enjoy a 
 perpetual spring, nothing can exceed the beauty of 
 the scenery in these sequestered i*»lan(ls. The in- 
 habitants are said to be kind and affable to stran- 
 gers, which must render a residence among them 
 very pleasant. 
 
 Since the publication of the first edition of this 
 work, we have received the following official 
 returns of the population of the British West 
 Indies, ordered to be printed by the House of 
 Commons, July IS, 1815. 
 
 Governor Raines, of Dominica, reports, that on 
 the 19th of February, 1811, there were on the isl- 
 and — 
 
 Slaves - - 21,728 
 
 Whites - - 1,325 
 
 Free persons of colour 2,988 
 
 Governor Bentinck, of Demerara, states the po- 
 pulation of this island to be — 
 
 Slaves - - 71,180 
 
 Whites - - 2,871 
 
 Free coloured - 2,980 
 
 In the island of New Providence, one of the Ba- 
 hama Islands, the population was, December 13^ 
 1810— 
 
 Whites - - 1,720 
 
 Free blacks - 565 
 
 Free coloured - 509 
 
 Black slaves - 3,04*4 
 
 Coloured slaves - 146 
 
 Foreigners - - 100 
 
 Grand total 6,034 
 
174 
 
 St. Vincent Island contains— 
 
 
 Whites 
 
 - 
 
 827 
 
 Free coloured 
 
 - 
 
 646 
 
 Slaves 
 
 - 
 
 32,0^0 
 
 The Grenadines contain- 
 
 — 
 
 
 Whites 
 
 . 
 
 226 
 
 Free coloured 
 
 - 
 
 76 
 
 Slaves 
 
 - 
 
 3,000 
 
 Bermuda contains — 
 
 
 
 Slaves 
 
 - 
 
 4,794 
 
 Whites 
 
 - 
 
 4,755 
 
 Surinam contains — 
 
 
 
 Whites 
 
 - 
 
 2,029 
 
 Free colonred and black 
 
 3,075 
 
 Slaves 
 
 - 
 
 51,937 
 
 Curracoa contains — 
 
 
 
 Whites 
 
 - 
 
 2,781 
 
 Free coloured 
 
 - 
 
 2,161 
 
 Free blacks - 
 
 - 
 
 1,872 
 
 Slaves, coloured 
 
 - 
 
 690 
 
 Slaves, black 
 
 - 
 
 5,336 
 
 Grrenada contains — 
 
 
 
 Slaves 
 
 - 
 
 29,331 
 
 Whites 
 
 - 
 
 771 
 
 Free coloured 
 
 - 
 
 1,120 
 
 Martinique contains — 
 
 
 
 Slaves 
 
 - 
 
 ii^^n 
 
 Whites 
 
 - 
 
 9,206 
 
 Free coloured 
 
 - 
 
 8,630 
 
 The births in this island 
 
 in 1810 
 
 , were — 
 
 Whites 
 
 - 
 
 71 
 
 Slaves 
 
 - 
 
 1,250 
 
 Free coloured 
 
 - 
 
 80 
 
175 
 
 Berbice contains — 
 
 Whites - . 550 
 
 Coloured - - S40 
 
 Blacks - - 25,169 
 
 The Slave population of Barbadoes exceeds 
 69,000: that of Jamaica^ ai9,91S; and of Antigua, 
 inr 1810, 3u,568. 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL INTELLIGENCE. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS 
 HAVE BEEN 
 
 PUBLISHED BY JOHN MELISH, 
 AND ARE FOR SALE, 
 
 AT THE PHICES ANNEXED. 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 in tlie years 1806 and 1807; and 1809, 1810, and 1811, including- an 
 account of passai^es betwixt America and Britain, and Travels thronghi 
 various parts of Britain, Ireland, and Canada, Illustrated by 8 Maps, 
 with corrections and improvements to 1815, and a new set of colour- 
 ed maps. In two volumes. — By John Melish. — Price ^6 bound, gS 
 in boards. 
 
 CHARACTER OF THIS WORK. 
 
 Extract of a Letter from J\Ir. JeffersQU. 
 
 "I have read your Travels with extreme satisfaction and informa- 
 tion. .\s to the western states, particularly, it has greatly edified 
 rae ; for of the actual condition of that interesting portion of the 
 country, I had not an adequate idea. 1 feel myself now as familiar 
 with it, as with the condition of the maritirne stales. 
 
 •'The candour with which you have viewed the manners and con- 
 dition of our citizens, is so unlike the narrow prejudices of the French 
 and English travellers preceding you, who, considering each the man- 
 ners and habits of their own people as the only orthodox, have viewed 
 every thing differing from that test as boorish and barbarous; that 
 your work will be read here extensively, and operate great good." 
 
 Extract from the Port Folio. 
 
 " Here is a kind of phenomenon. Two whole volumes of Travels 
 in America, without any material errors; with no palpable falsehoods; 
 no malignant abuse of individuals ; no paltry calumnies on the insti- 
 
178 
 
 tutions of the United States. — The author is a plain practical man, 
 whose observaiioDs are chiefl ^uluable on acco nt of tlie siamp oi 
 Inith and simplicity \vhu;Ii ihey bear, und .\i)o h;»s rxamir. d ihe 
 United States as many others are interesied in regurdin^" 'l, as a safe 
 asylum for those who are about to form either commercifj) or ai^-ricul- 
 tural establishments. He is obviously a shrewd ai'd sensible observer, 
 and there is a clearness in his perceptions, and an accuracy in his de- 
 tails, which is very satisfactory. The second * olume contains a nitn- 
 bar of hig'hly interesting and curious statistical papers, which add 
 much to its value; and through both volumes are intersjiersed a num- 
 ber of very well executed maps." 
 
 THE TRAVELLER'S DIRECTORY THROUGH THE UNITED 
 STATES, consisting of a description of the Roads throughout the 
 United States, compiled from the best materials, and illustrated by 
 maps. — By John Melish. — Price §2 50 as a pocket-book, g2 plain, 
 — with extra maps, §3. 
 
 This little work wdl be found a most useful companion for the 
 pocket. It serves as a pocket-book, and contains a sheet map of the 
 United States. 
 
 A MILITARY AND TOPOGR\PHICAL ATLAS, containing a 
 great variety of maps and descriptions relative to the late war -—By 
 JoHjf Melish. — Price %6 
 
 This work will be found of great importance, in perusing the histo- 
 rical records of the United States, particularly those that have rela- 
 tion to the late war. 
 
 A GENER.\L ATL.\S AND GEOGRAPHY, containing a general 
 description of all the countries in ihe world, with numerous statisti- 
 cal tables, and a series of coloured maps. — Price gS. 
 
 AN UNIVERSAL SCHOOL ATLAS.— Price, coloured and bound, 
 §2 50.— Plain and stitched, gl 50. 
 
 This wdl be found a very excellent Atlas for the use of schools^ 
 and young persons learning geography. The maps are all correct, 
 with tiie latest information, an i the price is very low, which enables 
 every person to become a purchaser. 
 
 MAP OF AVAYNE AND PIKE COUNTIES, from actual survey.— 
 By Jason TEiinET — with an index and explanation. — Price ^5. 
 
 This work is of peculiar importance to those holding lands in these 
 counties, or who may want it as a model for a similar work. The 
 map shows all the tracts, which are numbered and referred to in the 
 index, with the warrantee's name, and the quantity of acres in each. 
 
 MAP OF THE ST.\TE OF OHIO, from actual sip-vey.—By Hough 
 & Bourne.— Price glO. 
 
 This is a most beautiful and Interesting map. It exhibits the ori- 
 ginal surveys of the coonlry, as returned into the land-offices. The 
 ranges, townships, and sections, are all distinctly seen, and being num- 
 
179 
 
 bered as in the surveys, every land owner can discover his tract at a 
 glance. 
 
 MAP OF LOUISIANA AND PART OF THE MISSISSIPPI TER- 
 Rl i ORY, from aciual survey; and a Geographical Description of 
 Louisiana. — By William Darby. — Price ^12. 
 
 Tliis IS a work of very great importance • There is no state in the 
 union in which a delineation of the geography coiild be attended with 
 more difSculty and labour than this. Such is the strange configura- 
 tion of the country, heiug cut up, and infinitely diversified by bayous, 
 swamps, bkes, lai^oons, and a ihoisand other objects c;>lrula!ed to 
 imp.-ise difficulties on the undertaking, that none but a man of uncom- 
 mon industry and perseverance, aidtd ly an entiiusiastic love for ihe 
 dissemination of geoj^raphical science, couhi have accomplished it 
 To tiiose who wish to become intimately acquainted wiili the geogra. 
 pliy of this interesting state, the key, as it were, to the trade and 
 prosperity of the western country, the publication of this work will 
 be fiighly useful. 
 
 MEMORIAL, ON THE NVTURAL, POLITICAL, AND CIVIL 
 STVTE OF CUHAUILA, LEON, NEW SANTANDKR, AND TEX- 
 AS — By Don Miguel Ramos de .\nisPE — Price 50 cents. 
 
 This IS a most interesting niemoir, and will be found peculiarly 
 useful in illustrating the pui't of the map of the Spanish possessions 
 to which it has reference. It was originally published in Cadiz, in 
 the year 1812. Tlie translation was handed to the author of the Map 
 of thr United States bj Dr. Mease, of this rity, and it was published 
 at the request of a number of gentlemen belonging to the Philadelphia 
 Atiienaeum. 
 
 THE SINE QUA NON— Being a map of tlie United States, show- 
 ing the boundaries proposed by the British commissioners at Ghent, 
 with the documents relative lo the neguciation — Price gl. 
 
 MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, wth the contiguous British and 
 Spanish Possession's, compiled from the lalesi and best auihorities, 
 and accompanied I'y a Geographicrl Description. — By John Melisu. — 
 Price of the map and description, full mounted on rollers, or in the 
 portable form, glO. 
 
 This map extends across the continent, from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific Ocean, and from Hudson's Bay to the Gulf of Mexico, andem- 
 bi aces the most extensive and interesting view ever publisijed in Ame- 
 rica. It combines together the result of all the geographical know- 
 ledge extant, in regard to the coimtrits represented on the surface. 
 The United Stales are from actual survey, so far as ihe surveys have 
 extended ; ami the remainder from the best authorities, includnig all 
 that is known in the public offices. The British Possvssions and 
 West Indies are delineated from the most recent maps and surveys ; 
 
 A a 
 
180 
 
 and Ihe western part combines in one interestintj view, the united re- 
 searclu's of Pike, Lewa and Clark, and Humboldt; with a number of 
 particuhas communicated by more recent travellers. 
 
 The Geographical Description contains — 
 
 1st. A briet description of the g-eneral form and features of the map; 
 with an account of the materials from which it was constructed. 
 
 2dly. A t;eneral view of the United States ; with a particular ac- 
 count of 1 lie boundary lines between them and the British and Spanish 
 possessions. 
 
 3dly. A particular view of the United States, geographically ar- 
 ranged into states and territories; with topographical tables of the 
 countifs, townships, and population ; and a complete list of the post 
 offices in the several districts. 
 
 4thly. A view of the British possessions to the north and east of the 
 United States. 
 
 5thly. A view of the Spanish internal provinces, and of Florida. 
 
 6thly. A view of the West Indies, and the islands of Bahama and 
 Bermuda. 
 
 MAP OF THE WORLD ON MERCATOR'S PROJECTION, with 
 A DESCRIPTION — Price of tiie map and description, full mounted, 
 §10. — Dii of the map separate as a sea chart, §8. 
 
 This map is intended us a companion to the map and description 
 of the United States, and is a work of great importance, inasmuch as 
 it shows the general features of the whole world at a glance. The 
 United States territory is accurately delineated, for the first time on a 
 general map, and all the recent suI)divisions carefully laid down. The 
 whole is corrected from the latest information, and many recent sur- 
 veys inlrod'ice<l. Tlie map has vanons compasses on its surface foi' 
 pointing otit courses, ;in(l a triangular scale for measuring distance. 
 The description, besides serving for this map, is a general epitome of 
 the geography of tlie world. 
 
 A GEOLOGIC \L MAP OF THE UXITED STATES.—The geo- 
 logical lines by Win- INlaclure, esq. — Price %\0. 
 
 Also, A GEOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES, by 
 
 Wm. Maclure, esq., dlnstratcd by maps — Price §1 75. 
 
 SHEET J\M PS — Price Si each, handsomely coloured, rix,, .- 
 
 THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 THE NORTHERN SECTION OF THE UNITED STATES, in- 
 cluding Canada. 
 
 THE SOUTHERN SECTION OF THE UNITED STATES, in 
 
 eluding Florida. 
 
181 
 
 THE AMERICAN COAST, from the Long Island Sound to the 
 Gapes of Virginia. 
 
 DETROIT RIVER, and adjacent country. 
 QUEBEC, and adjacent country. 
 
 RIVER ST. LAWRENCE, and adjacent country, from St. Regis to 
 Montreal. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, and adjacent country. 
 
 SEAT OP WAR IN EUROPE. 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 TENNESSEE, just published.— Price gl 50. 
 
 HALF SHEET MAPS.— Price 30 cents each, handsomely 
 coloured. 
 
 THE WORLD. ENGLAND. 
 
 AMERICA, SCOTLAND. 
 
 EUROPE. IRELAND. 
 
 ASIA. OHIO. 
 
 AFRICA. KENTUCKY. 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 CHARTS. 
 
 THE WORLD, 50 cents. 
 ATLANTIC OCEAN, 25 cents. 
 
 RIVER ST. LAWRENCE, from the east end of Lake Ontario to 
 St. Regis, 75 cents. 
 
 AN ELEMENTARY MAP, 25 cents. 
 
 AN OU I LINE OF DO- 6 cents. 
 
 AN OUTLINE MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 12^ cents. 
 
 AN OUTLINE MAP OF THE WORLD, 12^ cents. 
 
 OCTAVO MAPS Price 12^ cents each, via.:, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, and adjacent country. 
 NEW YORK, and adjacent country- 
 BALTIMORE, and adjacent country. 
 BOSTON, and adjacent country. 
 PIT ISBURG, and adjacent country. 
 ZANESVILLE, (state of Ohio), and adjacent country. 
 
18a 
 
 FALLS OF Nr\GAR\, and adjacent country. 
 
 FALLS OF OHIO. 
 
 EAST F\U OF LAKK ONTARIO. 
 
 MONTllEAL. 
 
 FOR SJLE. 
 
 BRVDLEVS MAP OF THE UNITED STATES, 4 sheets mount 
 ed, glO 
 
 L\TOUR'S MF.VrO'R OP THf, WAR IN FLORIDA, ^5. 
 
 CARRIGAIN S MAP OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, 6 sheets mounted, 
 §12. 
 
 THE STATE MAP OF CONNECTICUT, 4 t-heets mounted. gS. 
 
 HOWELL'S MAP OF P'NNSYLVaNLA, 4 sheets mounted, g8. 
 
 The sumt- reduced, momud {54. 
 
 Do. in the sliett, colcae.'., %2 50. 
 
 GRIFFIVH'S MAP OF .MAliYLAND AND DELAWARE, 3 sheets 
 
 mounted, g8 
 
 M^DiSOX'S MAP OF VIRGINIX, 6 sheets, mounted, gl2. 
 PRICE AND S i ROTHER'S MAP OF NORTH CAROLINA, g8. 
 
 It is proposed to publish as soon as possible, as accompaniments 
 to the M..ps of the United States and the World, 
 
 A SERIES OF SHEET MA PS, to embrace each state axd terri- 
 TOUT in the Union, showin,^- tlit counties, post towns, post roads, and 
 a multitude of minute particulars, which could not be introduced into 
 a general map. 
 
 Also, A SERIES OF SHEET MAPS of other countries; and 
 A SERIES OF SHEET CHARTS of the most interesting waters. 
 TItese sheet m ps and charts will he all uniform in plan and size, 
 
 so that the possessors may bind them, or any number of them, into an 
 
 Atlas. 
 
 Being desirous of making this establishment embrace every thing 
 useful relative to geograpiiy, the subject of GLOBES has been taken 
 under consideration; and mc.isures hate been taken to commence a 
 Globe Manufactory at as early a period as possible. The Celestial 
 Globes will be finished .n the most approved manner; and the Ter- 
 restrial Globfs wdl give a more faithful delineation of the United 
 States than any heretofore published. 
 
18§ 
 
 The basis on which the whole of the geography of the coiintry restsj 
 IS siAPs FROJi ACTUAL SURVEY, and its political subdivisions is highly 
 favourable to the bringing them forward in the character of State 
 Maps. 
 
 It is qnite obvious that ETEnr state should have its own map. It 
 should be state property, suijject to the controul of no individual 
 whatever. Iiidividuuls are not equal to the task of bringing them for- 
 ward, and keeping them correct. Wherever they have embarked in 
 the business, they have lost much time and money; and unless the 
 States embark in it, the geography of the country cannot be brought 
 to maturity. There are very favourable symptoms that they will de 
 this, of which we will take notice by and by ; in the mean time, as the 
 bsiness has been much facilitated by the exertions of a number of 
 meritorious individuals, we shall here, in addition to the partial view 
 already taken, give a connected general view of the whole. 
 
 Maine and Massachusetts, by Carlton — Very poor engravings, and 
 the matter defective for want of a view of the towns and villages. 
 
 New Hampshire, by Carrigain — A very meritorious map, and ele- 
 gantly engraved. This is worthy of the state of New Hampshire, and 
 should be adopted as the State Map, the property of the state. 
 
 Vermont, by Whiteloiu. — This map is very similar to those of Mas- 
 sachusetts and Maine. 
 
 Rhode Island. — Of this state there is no good map- One should be 
 executed by (he Itrgisluture. 
 
 Connecticut.. — A beautiful four sheet map of this interesting state, 
 on a scale of 2i miles to an inch, has been executed by order of the 
 legislature. 
 
 New York — Excellent maps of this state were executed by Mr De 
 Witt, the surkeyor-iieneral. The largest one, six sheets, on a scale of 
 5 miles to an inch ; the reduced one, one sheit, on a scale of 15. A 
 very interesting map of New Yoi-k and part of the adjacent slates, on 
 a scale of 10 miles to an inch, is in preparation by Mr. John Eddy of 
 New Yoik. 
 
 New Jersey. — A map of this state was lately published by a Mr. 
 Watson; but it is a very inferior production, and is now out of circu- 
 lation There is a strong desire in the state to have a good map, and 
 the le..^islattire will probably take the necessary steps to bring for-- 
 ward ;■ State Map, at their next session. 
 
 Pennsylvania.— The legislature of this state, at their last session, 
 passed an act directing the formation of a new m.ip, on a scale of 5 
 miles to an inch; — the materials to be collected by counties, on a 
 scale of 2^ mih s. This map when compltted will be one of the best 
 thai has ever appeared in any country. 
 
184 
 
 MAnrLAND and Delaware have been noticed. Griffith's Map is a 
 good basis, but it wants improvement The probability is, that the 
 legislature will soon order a new map of this interesting- state. 
 
 VinGiNiA. — Madison's Map h;.s been noticed. Ii also wants im- 
 provement. The legislature recently passed an act relative to a new 
 map. 
 
 Ohio has been noticed. Houp^h and Botirne's Map is excellent. 
 
 Kentucky — Proposals have been issued by Mr. Sneed and Mr. 
 Munseil, for the publication of a map of this state, on a scale of five 
 miles to an inch. It will be probably be a good map. 
 
 Tesxessee. — A good map of this state has just been published. 
 
 North Carolixa. — By Price and Strothers- A good basis, but wants 
 improvement. 
 
 South Caroiina. — The legislature of this state passed an act at 
 their last session, appropriating gl5,000 to make a survey of the 
 country for a new map. 
 
 Georgia — An excellent map of this state, by Mr. Daniel Stiir^-is/is 
 nearly ready for publication- 
 
 Louisiana, by Darby, has been noticed. 
 
 The delineation of the geography of the several territories, will be 
 found on the map of the United States, and Bradley's Mup; and the 
 local particulars will be brought forward in the Series of Sheet Maps, 
 before noticed. 
 
 Upon the whole, we must congratulate our fellow citizens on the 
 taste for geographical science that is every where exhibited through- 
 out this country. We have frequenily remarked that Bradley's Map 
 of the United States was a better map of this country, than any map 
 of England was of England. It is hoped that the present Map of the 
 United States, will not suffer by comparison- A gentleman of exten- 
 sive philosophical research, lately returned from Enrope, asserted 
 that the geography of this country was much better known than was 
 that of Europe. This assertion was strictly true, and the reason is 
 obvious. In Europe the countries were o/J before the dawn of geogra- 
 phical science — a sm<.ll portion of them only have been submitted to 
 actual survey ; and the gevernment being in the hands of a few, a few 
 only are interested in the geography of the country. Here, on the 
 contrary, the countries are 7ieiv, and have nearly all been surveyed ; 
 and ALL THE people are deeply interested in the country. It is theirs, 
 and a cirrect knowledge of its geography is to ihem all-important. 
 
 To do the subject justice, however, reqmres constant exertions. 
 The progress of society is so rapid, that important changes tyke place 
 every year. Six new counties have been laid out in the state of Penn- 
 
185 
 
 aylvania since the last census ; and upwards of two hundred post of- 
 fices have been created since the last edition of the large copy of 
 Reading' Howell's Map was published. The new roads and bridges 
 are also very numerous. Greater changes still have taken place in 
 some of the other states. 
 
 It has been already stated, that it is an object too heavy for indivi- 
 dual enterprise, to bring forward the state maps from actual survey. 
 This opinion is no- new. in adverting to the subject in our last pub- 
 lication of this nature, it was observed, that " Each state should have 
 "its owsr MAP from actual survey. The state maps should be all on 
 "the same scale, /ve miles to an inch; .md should be so managed, that 
 "the geographical lines of the whole series would correspond. Care 
 " should also be taken to keep them constantly improved, so as they may 
 "keep pace with the progressive geography of the country." 
 
 The result of all the experience we have had smce that publication, 
 has tended to confirm the correctness of these remarks ; and it is 
 highly gratifying to find that this sentiment is gaining ground, and is 
 likely to become general Several legislative bodies have already 
 paved the way for bringing forward stale maps. We have already no- 
 ticed the map published by the slate of Connectic^it ; the measures 
 taken by the states of Virginia and Souih Carolina, and those in con- 
 templation by JVev> Jersey; and we shall close ihis account by a view 
 of the proceedings in relation to the New State Map of Pennstlva- 
 
 NIA. 
 
 In the session of 1814, Mr Isaac Weaver, of Greene county, a mem- 
 ber of the senate, moved a resolution that measures might be taken 
 to bring forward a new map of the state. This resolution passed both 
 houses unanimously ; and during the summer, the prt paratory steps 
 were taken by the secretary of the commonwealth to ascertain the 
 best plan of procuring the materials, and publislung the map. 
 
 In the early part of 1816, the author of the Map of the United States 
 was called upon for information regarding it, which he accordingly 
 communicated by letter; but, viewing this as an excellent opportuni- 
 ty for the introduction ot his favourite theory, he was induced to take 
 a journey to ihe seat of the state government on the subject. The 
 business was new to the legislature, and involved much detail that 
 could not be communicated by writing. It was all-important that the 
 plan should be simple and practicable-, and hopes were entertained that 
 such a one could be arranged ns would serve for a model m forward- 
 ing this branch of business gtntrully. 
 
 On his arrival at Harrisburg, he found the governor, secretary, sur- 
 veyor-general, and all the public officers, most cordially disposed to- 
 wards the map. The business was before a committee of the senate, 
 consisting of Mr. Isaac Weaver, Mr. Lane, Mr. Foster, Mr. Riddle, 
 and Mr. Lowrie- 
 
186 
 
 The liberality of the sentiments entertained by these gentlemen on 
 the subject, afforded a favourable omen; and ii soon appeared that 
 the disposition towards the map was favourable throughout both 
 branches of the leg'islalure- 
 
 When all the parties engag'ed in a great work are in earnest, the 
 business is soon arranged. After a short interview, the plan of ihe 
 map was matured and brought before the legislature. With some 
 slight modification, it passed both houses by great majorities, and, 
 receiving the governor's a.ssent, became a law- 
 
 The secretary and surveyor-general immidiately formed the con- 
 tract for the puolicaiion (jf the map, and the most prompt measures 
 have been taken to collect the materials. So far as it has been tested 
 by experience, every part of the plan seems to be complete; and it is 
 believed that this liberal proceeding of the state of Pennsylvania, will 
 have the most beneficial effect in the dissemination of a knowledge of 
 the geography of the western world. 
 
 P. S- Since the second edition of the Description of the United 
 States was published, considerable progress has been made- in the 
 map of Pennsylvania. Very excelleiit MS- maps have been received 
 of the following counties : 
 
 Susq ehanna, — Wayne, — Pike, — Northampton, — Luzerne, — Schuyl- 
 
 killj Lehit,'h, — Bucks, — Montgomery, — Philadelphia, — Delaware, — 
 
 LebaiK/o, — Dauphin, — Northumberland, — Columbia, — Bradford, — 
 Xiofj^a, — Lycoming, — Union, — Adams, - -Huntingdon, — Potter, — 
 M'Kt-an, — Jefferson, — Fayette, — Washington,— Alleghany, — Indiana, 
 Armstrong, — Butler, — Beaver. 
 
 Of these, MoiUgomirry, Luzerne, Dauphin, Lebanon, and Hunting- 
 don are in ihe hands of the engraver, and will speedily be published. 
 The drawing of the State Map is commenced, and will advance as 
 fast as the matenais are procured. It is believed thai not only the 
 State Map but the various Coun y Maps will be published, and the 
 whole will afford a very hanilsume specimen of the rapid progress of 
 geographical science in the United Slates. 
 
ivF^'^^