1* yir,fi^\ \ . '° ((\'= \ /I ""'* ' c ^^ -% "1001" Tests of Foods, Beverages and Toilet Accessories lARRrS S EWING Dr. Wiley at Work Tried in the balance and found ? REVISED EDITION 1001 Tests of Foods, Beverages and Toilet Accessories, Good and Otherwise Why They Are So By Harvey W. Wiley, M.D. Director, Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, Good Housekeeping Magazine Arranged by Anne Lewis Pierce, M.S. Formerly Editor, Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Hearst's International Library Co. New York : : 1916 -Vis Copyright, 1912, 1913, by Good Housekeeping Magazine Copyright, 1914, 1916, by Hearst's International Library Co., Inc. All rights reserved, including the trans- lation into foreign languages, including the Scandinavian, ^ r; X9 MAY 12 1916 ©CI.A431059 S m ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The chemical and microscopical work lying back of the first edition of this report was done under Doctor Wiley's direction, in the Institute of Industrial Kesearch, 19th and B Streets, North West, Washington, D. C, of which Dr. A. S. Cushman is Director. The detail of the work was supervised by Mr. H. C. Fuller, whose assistance in reviewing the data is also acknowl- edged. The additional reports, listed in the Appendix, represent for the most part products examined in the Lederle Laboratories, New York City, in accordance with Doctor Wiley's instructions, the data so obtained being submitted for his inter- pretation and the rating of the products. Dr. J. A. Deghuee of the Lederle Laboratories has supervised the chemical examinations. Contents PAGE The Pure Food Battle — Looking Backward and Forward, By H. W. Wiley ....... ix Key to Method of Rating Products .... xxviii Classified Lists of Tested Foods, Beverages and Cos- metics, with Comments — I Baking Powders, Yeasts, Etc. ., . . . 1 II Beverages i. ;. . 5 Chocolates and Cocoas 5 Coffee and Tea 10 Soft Drinks, Tonics and Medicated Bev- erages 19 III Biscuits, Cakes, Etc 27 IV Candies 33 V Canned Goods; (See also Fish and Meats) 41 Fruits (See also Dried Fruits) ... 45 Milk Products, Infant's Foods, Etc. . . 48 Soups, Extracts, Bouillon Cubes, Etc. . 61 Vegetables 66 VI Cereals and Cereal Products .... 72 Breakfast Foods 72 Flours, Meals and Brans 79 Rice 88 Spaghetti and Macaroni 91 VII Condiments 95 VIII Desserts 107 IX Extracts 113 X Fish (Canned, Dried, Etc.) . . ., ,.. 122 CONTENTS PAGE XI Fruits (Dried) 126 XII Household Remedies and Disinfectants . 130 XIII Lard, Butters, and their Substitutes . . 145 XIV Meats (Canned, Dried, Etc.) .... 149 XV Olive Oils, Etc 153 XVI Preserves, Pickles, Etc 157 XVII Sugars and Saccharine Products . . . 1^3 XVIII Toilet Articles Cold Creams 173 Hair Tonics, Shampoos, Etc. .... 186 Miscellaneous Preparations .... 193 Perfumes , 198 Powders o . . 202 Soaps 209 Tooth Powders, Pastes, Etc 216 APPENDIX I Baking Powders, Yeasts, Etc 225 II Beverages Chocolates 226 Coffee and Tea 228 Soft Drinks, Tonics and Medicated Bev- erages 231 III Biscuits, Cakes, Etc 233 IV Candies 235 V Canned Goods Fruits 239 Milk Products, Infants' Foods, Etc. . 240 Soups, Extracts, Bouillon Cubes, Etc. . 242 Vegetables 243 CONTENTS PAGE VI Cereals and Cereal Products Breakfast Foods 246 Flours, Meals and Brans 249 Spaghetti and Macaroni .... 253 VII Condiments 254 VIII Desserts 257 IX Extracts 262 X Fish (Canned, Dried, Etc.) .... 264 XII Household Remedies and Disinfectants . 267 XIII Lard, Cheeses, Butter, and Their Substi- tutes 274 XIV Meats (Canned, Dried, Etc.) .... 277 XV Olive Oils, Etc 280 XVI Preserves, Pickles, Etc 281 XVII Sugars and Saccharine Products . . . 284 XVIII Toilet Articles Cold Creams 286 Hair Tonics, Shampoos, Etc. . . . 291 Miscellaneous Preparations .... 294 Perfumes 297 Powders 299 Soaps 304 Tooth Powders, Pastes, Etc. .... 307 Index 311 THE PUEE FOOD BATTLE LOOKING BACKWARD AND FORWARD FOE a third of a century the fight for pure food has been waged and the end is not yet. No great question is ever settled until it is settled right. The game is not over until one or the other of the contestants is checkmated. Draws do not count. During this third of a century it has been my fortune to be in the thick of the fight, at first as a private, then through the various grades of leadership to colonel or even general of the brigade, and now agaia in the ranks. This battle has not, however, been a fight of a personal character as some late historians assert. It was and is a struggle for human rights as much as the Eevolution or the Civil War. A battle for the privilege of going free of robbery and with a guaranty of health. It has been and is a fight for the individual right against the vested interest, of the man against the dollar. My first partici- pation in the fray was a study of adulteration of table syrups for the Indiana Board of Health in 1880 and my last (but I hope not final)^ is this ix X THE PURE FOOD BATTLE book on tested foods, beverages, and cosmetics. During those tbirty-four years I do not believe tbat any one caring to know has ever bad to ask wbicb side I am on. From the very first look into the awful conditions which so generally pre- vailed, up to the present time, with a survey of the intolerable evils that still exist, though happily to a less extent, I have stood always for food that is food. The evils of adulteration are not many in kind but they ramify into hundreds of channels. At first there was no ethical standard of excellence among manufacturers of food. If one man put out a high grade product another could call a low grade or adulterated article by the same name. A representative of a great food distributing con- cern who appeared before the Committee on In- terstate and Foreign Commerce to protest against the passage of the pending food bill, declared that the food industry of the country rested on fraud and deception. * * Make us leave preservatives and coloring matters out of our food,*' he declared, * ^ and call our products by the right name and you will bankrupt every food industry in the country." And he was sincere about it too. Dr. Victor C. Vaughan of the University of Michigan, now Presi- dent of the American Medical Association, came THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xi to Washington and testified to the harmless- ness of benzoate of soda in food and he was by no means the only, although the most renowned, professor who, in the interest of like ingredients, journeyed to Washington for the same purpose. Makers of so-called patent medicines sent a pow- erful lobby to Washington to see to it that the food and drug bill should never become a law. It was commonly asserted that patent medicine in- terests influenced the public press to such an ex- tent that the bill would never pass as long as it contained the sections relating to drug products. The powerful rectifiers of liquors in this country were a unit in opposing every step in the passage of a law that would interfere with making alleged old, mellow, intoxicating bever- ages bearing the name of the genuine product, out of alcohol and artificial flavors and colors. Grocers and druggists sent delegations to protest against the enactment of any measure that would prevent the sale of adulterated and debased ar- ticles or require full weight and measure. Every man who used alum, coal tar dyes, salicylic acid, burning sulphur fumes, benzoic acid, copper sul- phate, saltpeter, saccharin, borax, or other non- food ingredients in his products joined the solid phalanx that struggled to prevent the passage of xii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE a law whicli would interfere with these despic- able means of making money. Manufacturers and dealers who would gladly have continued to make pure and properly branded goods were forced by unfair competition to practice the arts of adulteration and misbranding. As the public was led into the knowledge of these abuses and the pressure began to be felt looking to their correction, the enemies of pure food began to cry ' * muckraking, " * * exaggeration, ' ' ** publicity bureaus, '* ** yellow journalism," etc., seeking to raise a cloud of dust which would hide the real issue. A campaign of personal denun- ciation and disparagement was inaugurated of a magnitude that can only be appreciated by those whose activities and principles were directed to- ward the cleaning of the Augean stables of trade. By the accident of my official position, I had the good fortune to be the target of a veritable fusil- lade of poisoned arrows from every trade journal, newspaper and magazine which the adulterating interests could control. There was hardly a week that some interested organization or mercenary interest did not demand my removal from the pub- lic service. Detectives were placed on my track and every possible means employed to prejudice my scientific standing and official integrity. THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xiii Fortunately the more bitter and venomous tlie attacks the more rapidly the cause grew and waxed strong. The Federated Women's Clubs, the Patrons of Husbandry, the labor organizations and the medical profession all joined enthusias- tically the army fighting for pure food. Finally the first part of the long battle came to a close. The pure food army gained a complete victory. On the 30th day of June, 1906, the President of the United States signed the Act which forbade in- terstate and foreign commerce in adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. Although the first battle was won the war was not over. The de- feated squadrons of the unethical and mercenary interests were driven from the field but they were not destroyed. What was their next move! To pervert the purposes of the Act and to control its execution. Under the provisions of the law the Bureau of Chemistry of which I was Chief, was charged with the analysis of all samples for the purpose of determining whether they were adul- terated or misbranded. The Bureau of Chemistry was pledged to one very simple but most impor- tant principle, namely: ''When in doubt protect the consumer." The interests pledged to adul- teration and misbranding were not slow to learn that they had nothing to hope from a Government xiv THE PURE FOOD BATTLE Bureau animated by such an unheard of rule. They immediately set about devising ways and means to put the Bureau of Chemistry out of busi- ness. They secured the appointment of another body, the Board of Food and Drug Inspection, charged, in direct contempt of the law, to decide the question of what was or was not an adul- teration or misbranding. The decisions of this il- legal board were by executive order made binding on the Bureau of Chemistry. The appointment of this Board was hailed with shouts of approval by every interest and every individual who had opposed the enactment of the law. They were not mistaken. In the most di- rect and contemptuous manner this Board pro- ceeded to do the kind of work which it was ap- pointed to accomplish. But there were certain difficulties in the way. The Bureau of Chemistry anticipating the probability of the passage of a food law had carried on extensive experiments on young men for a period of several years and had demonstrated that certain bodies used to preserve and color foods were injurious to health. These experiments had shown that boric acid and borax, salicylic acid and salicylates, sulphurous acid and sulphites, benzoic acid and benzoates and sulphate of copper were bodies seriously affecting health THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xv and therefore forbidden under the law to be placed in food. These conclusions so inimical to the in- terests of those who added them to foods and so beneficial to the eaters of foods must be set aside. How was this to be done 1 There was no legal way to accomplish it. The courts could not be de- pended upon, in fact they were so unmindful of the vested interests that they were in most cases actually supporting the findings of the Bureau of Chemistry. Therefore, resort was again had to executive action. Without due regard to the pro- visions of the law questions relating to the ef- fect of certain of these preservatives on health were referred to a Commission of Scientific Ex- perts, established by executive order. Pending the action of this Commission the adulterators were permitted to poison the people of the country ad libitum and the Bureau of Chemistry was di- rected to bring no action against those who used these poisonous products. What followed? A hallelujah chorus from all the cohorts of adulteration. It was a complete triumph for the hosts of Satan in so far as offi- cialdom was concerned. But not so with an out- raged Public Opinion. The press and the people and also many food manufacturers rallied in over- whelming numbers to the support of the Bureau xvi THE PURE FOOD BATTLE of Chemistry, hindered and halted. Earely if ever has there been seen in any country such an overwhelming condemnation of official acts. Practically, however, the Janus doors of adul- teration were wide open to such manufacturers as chose to use them. To the credit of the American business man it can be said that comparatively few availed themselves of this official indulgence to poison and defraud. How deadly these concessions to adulteration have proved to the states that have attempted a better execution of the law than that instituted by the National Government, is vividly shown by an article in the Monthly Bulletin of the Indiana State Board of Health for December, 1913. The title of the article is * * Benzoate of Soda and Sul- phites," and the quotation is as follows: ** After hearing little from these old friends for more than a year, we are forced to admit that the lessons of the past have not been sufficiently thorough to protect our markets, for recent samples of cider have shown the presence of benzoate of soda, and several samples of grape juice have been found to be bleached and pre- served with sulphurous acid. Occasional samples of so- called Maraschino cherries, tomato catsup and sweet pickles collected from towns supplied from Cincinnati and Chicago have also shown these preservatives. THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xvii **Two things are evident. We can never relax our vigilance in the protection of the food supply in the be- lief that we have reached a pure food millenium, and further, it is unwise to rely too firmly in the belief that manufacturers shipping goods into the State are careful to advise themselves as to our laws before they take their orders or make shipments." In about a year the Remsen Board brought in its first verdict over-ruling the Bureau of Chem- istry on the benzoate matter, and by ofiicial pro- mulgation the food manufacturers of this country were promised complete immunity in the use of benzoic acid and benzoate in any food and in any quantity they might choose. There is a wide- spread impression that the quantity permitted is limited to one-tenth of one per cent. This is not so. A food manufacturer may put a shovelful of benzoate into any quantity of food he pleases and he is promised perfect immunity in so doing. No more outrageous and intolerable disregard of pub- lic rights and morals was ever perpetrated by the most vicious despotism described in the world's history. After a few years more the Remsen Board rendered another decision supporting the action of the Bureau of Chemistry in declaring saccharin an unfit ingredient of human food, but meanwhile during all these years the public was xviii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE exposed to its free and unlimited use. Again a short time ago the Remsen Board rendered a ver- dict supporting the contention originally made by the Bureau of Chemistry, that sulphate of copper is a poisonous body, and as such should not be added to food. Thus again the people of this country were exposed to the dangers of eating copper salts for five years, simply because adul- terators demanded a review, hoping for a reversal of the decision of the Bureau. The other questions referred to the Remsen Board, namely, the effect of sulphurous acids and sulphites and of alum on health, up to March of 1914, remain unanswered by the Remsen Board, or if answered the verdict is sealed in impene- trable gloom in the Department of Agriculture. Now for nearly seven years our people have been exposed to serious injury by the presence of these poisons in foods, under the high, though illegal, interpretation of a law enacted to protect the American people but turned by executive procla- mation to the protection of adulterators ! This country has for so many years existed in an atmosphere of the sacred rights of the dollar that these concessions to Mammon have been looked upon as the chief function of law and its interpretation. This sentiment has been still more THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xix definitely crystallized by the decisions of the Su- preme Court, which on the two occasions in which the purpose of the law to protect the consumer has been under advisement has ruled adversely to his interests. The first of these decisions was in the famous Johnson Cancer Case, in which the Court ruled that the law against false statements did not apply to the cure-all claims of the fake remedy; and the second case, viz., that of the United States vs. Bleached Flour, that poisons may be added to food unless the proof of possible injury to health is convincing. During these long and unsavory years I tried to the best of my ability to discharge faithfully the difficult duties committed to me, in harmony with the obligations of my solemn oath of office and in the interest of the American people. In spite of official disfavor which made my environment par- ticularly hard and in spite of the bitter denuncia- tion of a few journals (a mere fraction of the en- tire press of the country) inspired by a question- able zeal, I held on, hoping that some change might come and that the spirit of service to the people might again enter into the heart of our high rulers. And what then? Colleagues preferred serious charges against me without the shadow of a foun- dation, my superior officers lent a ready ear, I XX THE PURE FOOD BATTLE was tried in a Star Chamber without my knowl- edge and on ex 'parte evidence, convicted and sen- tenced to be dismissed from the position that I had held for nearly thirty years. This outrageous proceeding attracted the attention of Congress. A searching investigation of the charges against me was made and I was unanimously exonerated. Nevertheless, the men who had falsely and mali- ciously accused me and manufactured the evidence on which I was convicted were continued in office and in favor. As a protest against this condition of affairs I resigned as Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry on March 15, 1912. Within two weeks of that time on April 1, 1912, I began my work for Good Househeeping with a guarantee of academic freedom of expression and an advisory supervision of the advertisements of foods, remedies and cosmetics admitted to its col- umns. No one who has not experienced what I went through can conceive of the feeling of relief which I then enjoyed. Coming out of a field in which all the foremen had been my enemies I entered a garden of activity in which all the head men were my friends. In this favorable environ- ment I have had unrestricted opportunity to carry on my battle for pure food, finding no enemy to stab me in the back. In connection with this work THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxi I have had the good fortune with the laboratory facilities given me by Good Housekeeping to ex- amine chemically more than a thousand samples of common foods, beverages, cosmetics and con- fections. I have also been permitted to criticise the labels and advertisements by means of which these products are offered to the consumer. In the great battle for the right a determined and methodical assault has been made upon false and misleading representation to the public. The fake remedy, the inert appliance, the exaggerated vir- tue, all are intended to mislead and deceive. Per- fect candor and truth should characterize all claims made for all merchandise. The public gaze is already turned on these faults. The press is already taking notice. The Associated Advertis- ing Clubs of the country have undertaken a sys- tematic campaign against these extravagant and often harmful misrepresentations. Pure Adver- tising is fit handmaiden for Pure Food. These are the objects I have had in view in the work done under the auspices of Good Housekeep- ing. The way in which these principles have been used as measuring rods to guide me in the de- cisions reached call for a word of explanation that the scope and results of the work may not be mis- interpreted and the maximum amount of practical xxii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE good may be done. "While these investigations were undertaken primarily to protect the adver- tising columns of Good Housekeeping, their deeper purpose was to render a constructive service to the cause of pure food and its honest labeling, merchandising, and advertising. This service could only be made broadly effective by placing on record the results of our findings on the thou- sand or more samples of foods, drug products and cosmetics that have passed through the laboratory during the past two years together with the rea- sons of those decisions. This is for the mutual advantage of the progressive manufacturer and the woman buyer who in many cases is groping blindly in a maze of doubts and fears as to what is and what is not an adulterated or misbranded package. No one can realize more clearly the limitations and imperfections of such a piece of work than those who have struggled with the detail of it. It is urged that such partial lists, of necessity open to differences of opinion as to their grading, work injustices, are incomplete and therefore should not be printed. This does not seem to be an adequate reason for lacking the courage to take the next step and submit the work on its merits as far as it has been carried. No change, no reform, no THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxiii big piece of work has ever been carried through without minor and incidental hardships, and while the impossibility of perfection in such an under- taking is manifest, the doing of it seems none the less serviceable and worth while, from the broadest point of view. Among the difficulties that beset the task are these: As the chemist and microscopist can not take the place of the factory inspector, some de- fects are not disclosed by analysis though pro- nounced bad conditions might be reflected in the product. The products of the same company vary from time to time, or from season to season — the output is not uniform, any more than is the out- put of the home kitchen, and therefore determina- tions on one or two samples may be misleading. This is especially true of goods handled by jobbers, bought here and there, and labeled with a common brand or distributor's name. Again an excellent product may be extravagantly labeled and mis- leadingly praised, while a mediocre one may be ir- reproachable in this regard, and the rating must be balanced to give the sanest and most practical help to the buyer. These and many other inter- acting causes make ^'whitelisting'' a thankless undertaking. This book is not a white list nor a black list. There are doubtless many products xxiv THE PURE FOOD BATTLE not mentioned which are as good as those we have examined ; and no effort was made to find products to condemn. On the other hand, we sought in the open market those foods having a general sale and presumably of the best quality, that the advice might be positive rather than negative in its char- acter. It is something to be able to say definitely that the representative samples of the products listed, on which we shared the consumer's luck, are free from injurious or debasing ingredients, are at least of standard quality, and in many cases are superior to the requirements maintained by fed- eral and state regulations, that the package offers honest weight or measure, and that the labeling is not misleading in any essential particular. And that is what we do say of the ** starred'' prod- ucts reported. Occasionally a meaningless flight of fancy on the label or in the circular matter of a very fine quality product has been but lightly scored — the most practical service seeming to de- mand this. Some may think that too much stress has been laid upon exaggerated claims. But the importance of insisting on truthful descriptions of foods, drugs, and cosmetics, their uses and value, as well as their composition, can not be overestimated, whether the statements appear on THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxv the label, in circulars, or in the advertisement. Otherwise the consumer is hopelessly at the mercy of the imagination of the label or advertisement writer, all relative sense of value is lost, and in- telligent buying is impossible. To permit it in any marked degree, because the product is other- wise a good one, halts the whole reform movement, as it makes competition unfair, the honest man's sanely described product being overshadowed by the vocabulary of his business rival. Far reach- ing and radical changes have been made in the descriptive material of many well known products, since the folly of claiming that everything is the **best" the '*most nutritious,'^ the **only thing'* of the kind worth buying, becomes rather striking when all of these superlatives are gathered to- gether within a few pages of each other in our magazines and newspapers. A shrieking chorus of contradictory superlatives gets no one any- where, either buyer or seller. It will be noted that products ranging from 85 to 100 per cent, are starred. Manifestly there must exist among these minor differences of quality, the use of more or less expensive packages and wrapping, etc. A product rated at 85 is not so near perfection as one rated at 95. An olive oil, for example, may be pure, meet all the required xxvi THE PURE FOOD BATTLE tests and standards, but be less characteristic in odor and flavor, less distinctive in character than another. The preference may be largely a matter of taste and it did not seem practicable to en- deavor to distinguish any more closely between grades of excellence than this. The problem is further complicated by the question of relative cost. One product may be wholesome, nutritious or pleasing, and a good bargain at 50 cents, though not so delicious, nor of quite such high grade as something of the same kind sold at a dollar. Plainly this is a question in itself and one that could be given only secondary consideration in grading a large number of miscellaneous products. The housewife must adapt the findings to her own taste and pocketbook to some extent. The same questions arise repeatedly in corre- spondence, concerning certain classes of foods, the special adulterations to be avoided, the points to be noted in reading the labels, the standards that a first class product should attain, and so on. The introduction to each classified list of products is intended to cover as briefly and simply as possible some of these salient points, to aid the judgment of the housekeeper in general buying and to as- sist in an intelligent interpretation of the ratings. One of the many bright lights in the rather thick THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxvii cloud of difficulties tliat hung about tliis pioneer effort was the readiness of most of the leading manufacturers and advertising men to modify claims, labels, and advertisements when inconsist- encies and inaccuracies were brought to their at- tention. The time is undoubtedly coming when it will be a confession of inferiority to overrate or distort the merits and special uses of any com- modity — just as any boaster is self-branded a light-weight rather than a man of parts. To hasten the coming of this day, to uphold the hands of the manufacturers, who in a transition period, at some sacrifice and under unfair conditions of competition, are willing to make this advance and speak the plain truth about an honest product, depending on merit rather than on language to sell their goods; and to serve the housekeepers, who are the buyers of the nation's food and on whose judgment and wise selection the health of thou- sands of workers and children largely depend — we offer this report of progress, believing that in spite of its necessary limitations, it will be useful to buyer and seller alike. The object is neither to praise nor to condemn, but to serve. To fur- nish a stepping stone in the quagmire of doubts that the food agitation has created, to lay a foun- dation for further work, to provide the housewife Note: Changes and corrections in ratings have been made from time to time based on re-examinations, and on corrections and improvements made in labeling and circular material (and for such improvements we are always eager to give credit). It has also seemed advisable, as the work gathered prestige and authority, to extend the star rating to some products of good value and quality, which had originally been de-rated solely on account of over enthusiasm and obvious exaggerations. While we still deprecate such labeling and shall continue in a construc- tive fashion to point out such statements and exclude them from the magazine, the best service to the consumer demands that a passing rating be accorded if the quality of the product is satis- factory, attention being called to flaws of this general nature in label "or circulars. Specifically misleading statements however are not tolerated even to this extent. "1001" TESTS Classified Lists of Tested Foods, Beverages and Cosmetics with Comments. BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. THERE are three kinds of baking powders, tlie cream of tartar type; the phosphate pow- ders; and the alum powders. From the stand- point of economy, what the housekeeper wants is the powder with the highest carbon dioxide con- tent and the minimum of starch or filler necessary to preserve its strength. High grade powders contain from 12 to 14 per cent, of carbon dioxide. Below 10 per cent, is poor quality. All leave a mineral residue in the bread and for this and other reasons I believe them to be relatively less health- ful than the products made with yeast. For con- venience, for quick use, etc., the baking powders are unequaled, and the hot bread, cakes, pancakes, so made fill a permissible role in the menu, if not ** over-worked.'' 1 1001 TESTS The alum powders are the least desirable, there being grave question as to their wholesomeness. Between the other two types there is not much to choose. Two teaspoonfuls of a tartrate powder leave in a loaf made from a quart of flour, about 165 grains of Eochelle salts, 45 grains more than a Seidlitz powder. The phosphate type leaves in the loaf a still larger amount of phosphate of lime and phosphate of soda, the latter being slightly purgative. The alum pow- ders leave a deposit of hydrate of aluminum and sulphate of soda, or if phosphate is used, which is now generally the case, phosphate of aluminum is also present. There is some difference of opinion as to the degree of solubility of aluminum salts and their exact physiological effect. (See p. 4.) The use of egg albumin in baking powders while harmless in itself has led to serious abuses. Dem- onstrations to show effectiveness give misleading results when one powder contains the egg albumin and the other does not. A federal court has en- joined the use of egg albumin in tests of this kind as deceptive. A comparison of two powders both containing this substance enables one to distin- guish between old and new powders in a general iway. Formerly, many powders contained a slight trace of either lead (in cream of tartar powders) BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. 3 or arsenic (in phosphate powders), but these bod- ies are now practically eliminated from well- made products. TESTED BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. {Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) Calumet Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111. (N) Calumet Baking Powder. {Contains alum and egg albumen declared on label. Doubtful if ^* com- plete neutralization'^ of alum is always effected as claimed.) Cleveland Baking Powder Company, New York City. * Cleveland's Superior Baking Powder. {Cream of tartar type.) Corby Brothers, Washington, D. C. * Yeast. Davis, R. B., Company, Hoboken, N. J. (N) Davis 0. K. Baking Powder. (An alum baking powder, correctly labeled.) Fleischmann, Company, The, Washington, D. C. * Yeast. {Good yeast but starch present, presence of ^^ tapioca flour'' being declared in very small type.) Gumbert, S., and Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. (N) Up-Rise Baking Powder. {Alum baking powder 1001 TESTS containing egg albumen, and correctly la- heled.) Jaques Manufacturing Company, Chicago, 111. (N) K. C. Baking Powder. {An alum hakiiig pow- der, accurately labeled.) Price Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111. * Dr. Price's Cream Baking Powder. {Cream of tartar type.) Royal Baking Powder Company, New York City. * Royal Baking Powder. {Cream of tartar type, excellent product but claim ^^ absolutely pure,^* objectionable.) Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. * Rumford Baking Powder. {Phosphate type.) Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass. ■jlr Congress Baking Powder. {Cream of tartar type.) ic Absolutely Pure Grape Cream of Tartar. {Equal to PharmacopoBial standard as claimed, but phrase '^absolutely pure" objectionable.) * Baking Soda — Absolutely Pure Saleratus. {Same.) (Note: The Referee Board of Consulting Scientific Experts has advised the Department of Agriculture that the residue from alum baking poavders is not harmful in ordinary amounts and there- fore that alum may be used in pickles and other food products. The federal courts have held in a similar ruling relating to benzo- ate of soda that the evidence of harmlessness is not conclusive. If food products containing alum are conspicuously labeled the public will probably take the same attitude respecting alum that it holds concerning benzoate of soda. I have not experimented with alum myself and therefore have rated the alum powders as (N) Non-committal.) n BEVERAGES CHOCOLATES AND COCOAS THESE are some of the questions repeatedly asked in regard to cocoas and chocolates — with their answers. 1. What is the difference between cocoa and chocolate — which is better to nse? Cocoa is merely chocolate from which about half of the fat has been removed. It has therefore less heat value but is a better balanced food and is for that reason preferred for invalids and children, the chocolate being * Uoo rich. ' ' The cocoas have from 20 to 27 per cent, of fat, and the chocolates, 45 to 50 per cent., 45 per cent, being required by the standard. 2. Is there a poisonous drug called theobromin in chocolate? There is a trace of caffein and about 1.8 per cent, of theobromin in cocoa. This is an alkaloid related to caffein but is generally conceded to be relatively free from any marked action on the nerve centers. Further than this cocoa and chocolate being made with milk and hav- 5 1001 TESTS ing more food value the stimulating effect of this ingredient is much decreased. We do not hear much of the ** cocoa habit'* or of folks who ^^ can't get through the day without it. ' ' 3. Is an alkali-treated cocoa harmful? Why is it done? Only about 25 per cent, of cocoa is solu- ble in water, and the so-called * * Dutch process ' ' or treating with an alkali, is practiced because it com- bines with the fat and makes an emulsion, thus ap- parently increasing the solubility while really it does not do so at all. The process is not regarded with general favor, as it increases the mineral con- stituents, adding about 3 per cent, of alkalies to the cocoa, but one cannot say that it is actually in- jurious. The practice is questionable, and the consumer should be given the benefit of the doubt, therefore, the presence of these alkalies should al- ways be plainly declared, that invalids and those of delicate digestion may avoid such brands. Ex- travagant claims in regard to the special merits of the treatment, resulting solubility, digestibility, etc., are misleading. 4. What is plain or bitter chocolate? This product should be composed of the roasted, crushed cocoa nibs only. These nibs contain over 50 per cent, of fat. The bitter chocolates of commerce contain from 45 to 49 per cent, of fat BEVERAGES only, showing the removal of a small part of the fat or the addition of some drying substance, such as sugar or starch. 5. What are the adulterants of cocoas ? Starch and cocoa shells are sometimes added; iron oxide is occasionally added to cheap products to color them ; added sugar is also considered an adulterant from the standpoint that it is a cheaper product mixed with the more expensive one for which you are paying. Sweetened chocolate should be so labeled. There is practically no adulteration of brands of any reputation. TESTED BEVERAGES {Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 814; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) TESTED CHOCOLATES AND COCOAS Baker, Walter, and Company, Dorchester, Mass. * Breakfast Cocoa. (Claim *^ absolutely pure'' un- tenable, as always.) Bensdorp, Amsterdam, Holland. (Bartlett, Stephen L., Company.) (N) Royal Dutch Cocoa. (A good Dutch process cocoa but presence of added mineral ingredients makes statement, '*Is acknowledged by the lead- ing authorities to be an absolutely pure cocoa,'' especially objectionable.) 8 1001 TESTS Blockers, Amsterdam, and New York. * Blocker's Daalders Cacao. (Dutch process 3% per cent, alkali added, properly labeled; good quality.) Huyler's, New York. * Cocoa, Huyler's. (Mineral ingredients slightly high; not added alkali, however.) "k Premium Chocolate. Lowney, Walter M. Company, Boston, Mass. * Breakfast Cocoa. (Good quality. Extravagant claims. '' Unlike any other''; ' ' Of special bene- fit to those of delicate digestion.") Maillard, Henry, 35th and Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. * Maillard 's Breakfast Cocoa. (Extravagant claims as to solubility, ^^ absolute purity." No cocoa is ^ thoroughly soluble.") 'A Maillard 's Premium Chocolate. Peter Cailler Kdhler Swiss Chocolates Company, Ful- ton, N. Y. * Breakfast Cocoa. (^'Absolutely pure" claim ex- travagant.) Phillips, Charles H. Chemical Company, New York. (N) Phillips Digestihle Cocoa. (No right to the claim of special digestibility ; phosphates added, about 20% of sugar and vanilla — declared on label.) BEVERAGES 9 Stollwerck Brothers, Inc., New York. * Gold Brand Premium Chocolate. Van Houten and Sons, Holland. (N) Van Houten 's Famous Cocoa, Unexcelled. {Greatly exaggerated claims as to improvement of the product hy the Dutch treatment with alkali.) Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Philadelphia, Pa. * Instantaneous Sweet Chocolate. {A good choco- late, lut about half sugar, 26% fat.) COFFEE AND TEA All that the chemist can do to protect the buyer of coffee and tea is to assure him that the product is not faced or artificially colored, does not consist of dried stems instead of leaves in the case of tea, or is not coated with injurious substances and mixed with adulterants such as chicory in the case of coffee ; to make sure that the amount of extract yielded is what it should be ; that odor and flavor are good and that the tea and coffee are free from dirt. In the case of teas the samples were com- pared with a set of standard Treasury samples for grading purposes. These points have been deter- mined for the samples reported but when it comes to fine gradations in quality, this is a matter for the expert and the individual as personal tastes vary widely and the practice of blending many different kinds of teas and coffees and selling them under fancy names, makes it impossible to estab- lish any more definite standards. This is espe- cially true in the case of teas. Wide variations in price exist among some of the starred samples and corresponding variations in quality naturally are found, but the teas approved are all standard and 10 BEVERAGES 11 good quality for the price asked. A frank state- ment on the label as to the kind of coffee entering into the blend of package goods bearing pro- prietary fancy names would clarify the whole sit- uation and enable the buyer to judge both of price and relative quality and to know what coffees produce the preferred flavor. Why should we buy a **pig in a poke*'? Why not know what blend of coffees we purchase ? Such package goods, giv- ing the buyer no inkling as to the nature and qual- ity of the contents, do not always lead to fraud but it makes it perilously easy if a manufacturer is looking for such an opportunity. Let the house- keeper stand for intelligent, simple labels that mean something. The coffee and tea drinker knows that he is taking caff ein, a nerve stimulant, and more or less habit- forming drug when he takes these beverages, and the tannic acid present may affect the digestion more or less, varying with the individual suscepti- bility. There is no doubt but what the excessive use of tea and coffee injuriously affects a large percentage of the persons using them and in many cases of idiosyncrasy even small quantities are harmful. The only other point of special interest is the ''cereal coffees'* or so-called coffee substitutes. 12 1001 TESTS These are not substitutes for coffee in that they do not produce the same effect, do not have the same flavor, and cannot fill their place. They are harmless, their chief sin lying in the extraordinary claims made as to their nutritive value. As a matter of fact they contain in general about one- twentieth the nutrition of skimmed milk and their only virtue lies in providing a warm, harmless beverage and restricting the use of the caffein- bearing drinks. A true ** decaffeinated" coffee would practically serve this purpose at the same time providing a better flavored product. So-called instantaneous coffees, under whatever branding are made from an aqueous extract of coffee, evaporated to dryness, at a low tempera- ture, usually by aid of a vacuum, preserving as far as possible the aromatic constituents of the ex- tract. There is no method of drying, however, which can preserve all of the volatile flavors and qualities of coffee. The instantaneous coffees must, therefore, of necessity lack some of the de- liciousness of the freshly made beverage. The claims which are made for them in regard to in- creased wholesomeness, lower content of caffein or tannic acid, are not borne out by the analytical data. These coffees are most convenient for campers and on all occasions when the quick BEVERAGES IS preparation of the beverage is desirable. This appears to me to be their sole useful role. TESTED COFFEES, AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES (Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) Arbuckle Brothers, New York. (N) Ariosa Coffee. (Good quality for price; state- ments on label mildly extravagant; coated with sugar and egg.) * Yuban, The Arbuckle Guest Coffee. {A good hlend.) Aroma Coffee Company, Duluth, Minnesota. (N) Caldwell's Electric Cut, not ground coffee. (Claims on label extravagant as to removal of tannin, quality, etc.) Baker Importing Company, 109 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. tAt Bakerized Steel Cut Coffee. (Claims for special process slightly exaggerated; evenly ground and clean, hut no mxirhed effect on composition de- termined.) Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Company, St. Louis, Missouri. 14 1001 TESTS * Coffee. (Extravagant quality claims.) (D) Fairy Cup Instant Coffee. {Clwims as to the re- moval of caffein and tannin not substantiated.) Blendo Food Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (D) Blendo. {Absurd claims as to nutritive value and *' superior to coffee'^ flavor; a mixture of roasted peas, rye and barley.) Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Borden's Condensed Coffee. {A very smM amount of coffee with sugar and condensed milk sold for 31 cents for 151/2 ounces. Slightly short weight on samples tested.) Chase and Sanborn, Boston, Mass. * Seal Brand Coffee. Clark, Coggins and Johnson Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Puri-tan-ated Brand Coffee. {''Nourishing'* claims extravagant, claims for effect of special process in removing tannin, etc., unwarranted.) Climax Coffee Company, Chicago, Illinois. * Mrs. Rorer's Brand Own Blend Coffee. {Extreme claims as to keeping qualities.) Crosse and Blackwell, London and New York. (N) Pure Essence of Coffee. {Extractives rather low, hardly a true ''essence.'') Dwinell- Wright Company, Boston, Mass. — Chicago, 111. 'k White House Brand Coffee. Fischer, B., and Company, New York. * Hotel Astor Coffee. BEVERAGES 15 Githens, Rexsamer and Company, Philadelphia, Pa. * The *'400" Blend Roasted Coffee. G. Washington Coffee Sales Company, New York, N. Y. (N) G. Washington Prepared Coffee. (A good in- stantaneous coffee; claims as to harmlessness, etc., much exaggerated as most of the caffein remains, *' Drink all the coffee you want^' dan- gerous and misleading advice.) Harris, W. B., Company, New York City. * Royal Stag Coffee. Kellogg Food Company, Battle Creek, Mich. (N) Kellogg 's Cereal Beverage, Minute Brew. (Boasted, pulverized grain, no more ^ ^health- fuV than other cereal coffees.) Kneipp Malt Food Company, Mantowoc, Wisconsin. (N) Kneipp Malt, (A Coffee Substitute) . {Claimed to he a roasted malt; so hurned that malting can not he confirmed. Flavored with an extract from the leaves and pericarp of the coffee plant.) Levering Coffee Company, The, Baltimore, Md. * Tourist Coffee. Lockyer and Company, Chicago, 111. * Extra Fancy B. Coffee. * Extra Fancy C. Coffee. Merck and Company, New York, (Distributors). * Dekofa. {A true decaffeinated coffee, containing 16 1001 TESTS only 0.15 per cent, of caffein, which is as near complete removal as can he attained.) Panama Banana Fruit Company, New York. (N) Banan-Nutro. (A product made from ground roasted bananas. Exaggerated claims as to nu- tritive value. Not a ^'king of substitutes for coffee*' in so far as flavor is concerned.) Porto Rico Trading Company, Inc., 127 Franklin Street, New York, N. Y. * Queen Isabella Porto Rico Coffee. Postum Cereal Company. (N) Instant Postum. (Boasted cereals with an excess of mineral ingredient Sy source unknown: harm" less, hut claims much exaggerated.) (N) Postum Cereal. {Same.) Potter and Wrightington, Boston, Mass. (D) Old Grist Mill. A substitute for coffee. {Con- tains wheat, peas, and dandelion, and some cof- fee, ohjectionahle in a '^coffee substitute,'' claims as to aiding digestion, preserving com- plexion, etc., misleading.) Quinby, W. S., Company, Boston, Mass. * La Touraine, The perfect coffee. {^'Perfection" exag gyrated!) Sprague, Warner and Company, Chicago, HI. (N) Richlieu Brand Hans Evers Process Vacuum Treated Coffee. {Claims as to removal of BEVERAGES 17 harmful products hy vacuum process not sub- stantiated; caffein still present,) TESTED TEAS Asiatic Products Company, San Francisco, California., * Dalmoy Blend Tea. * London Blend Brand Tea. * Sa-Sa-Ma Brand Tea. Bemdt and Company, Baltimore, Md. (D) Juno Mate Paraguayan Tea (Ilex Paraguayensis) . (Contains as much caffein as coffee and stiU most extravagant claims are made as to health- fulness, food value, freedom from had after ef- fects, etc. Product unohjectionahle hut no ground found for such claims.) Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Company, St. Louis, Missouri. * Magic Cup Soluble Tea. Dwinell- Wright Company, Boston, Mass. — Chicago, III. * White House Brand Orange Pekoe Tea. Fischer, B., and Company. * Hotel Astor Tea. Oillet, Martin and Company, Baltimore, Md. (N) House of Lords, Ceylon Tea. (A heavy, liquor- ing tea; not well cleaned.) * Standard HE-NO Tea. (A good grade of green tea.) 18 1001 TESTS Harris, W. B., and Company, New York, N. Y. * Royal Stag Tea. {Good for price; 36 cenis a pound, not highest quality.) Lipton, London and New York. * Lipton *s Tea — Extra Choice Blend of Ceylon and India Tea — ^Black. ik Lipton 's Extra Choicest Blend of Ceylon and In- dia Tea — Black, blend A. * Lipton 's Ceylon and India Tea — Black, blend B. Quinby, W. S., Company, Boston, and Chicago, 111. * Golden Dome Orange Pekoe Ceylon Tea. {A sixty cent tea, good flavor hut not exceptional; sold in hulk to retailers and hranded hags furnished for sales to consumer.) Salada Tea Company, New York, N. Y. * Salada Tea. * Salada Ceylon and India Tea. Tetley, Joseph, and Company, London, Bng. ic Tetley 's Tea, Black, India and Ceylon. Victoria Tea Company, Chicago, 111. * *'My Own" blend Tea— Blend No. 1. * *'My Own'' blend Tea— Blend No. 2. SOFT DRINKS, TONICS, AND MEDICATED BEVERAGES While the miscellaneous bottled soft drinks on the market with the exception of those bearing habit-forming drugs, such as Coca Cola (caffein), cannot be said to be absolutely injurious, they rep- resent to my mind second grade products of a mis- cellaneous composition which does not recommend them for consumption by the young or for a place in a list of high grade products. Many of the most highly prized remedies are of vegetable origin and almost every root, herb, or extract, found in these so-called soft drinks is described as a drug in the pharmacopoeia, the official standard of drugs. If these bodies have the remedial values assigned to them they should not be given pro- miscuously to healthy people. Why give your child an extract of barks and roots colored with caramel, many of them having medicinal proper- ties, or a ginger ale, owing its pungency chiefly to capsicum, or a sarsaparilla, which has never seen sarsaparilla, but is made from wintergreen, and sassafras, and colored with caramel, when you can always obtain good grape juice, true ginger 19 W 1001 TESTS ales, and pure fruit juices obtained direct from the lime, tlie berry, the orange or lemon? The question of the presence of alcobol in grape juices has recently been raised. There is rarely more than a trace of alcohol present, and this only takes place when the grapes have been held over after crushing during the warm season. Under such conditions a slight fermentation might take place producing minute amounts of alcohol. This point seems negligible and certainly could not be used to furnish a foundation for the addition of sugar to grape juices, since this practice makes it possible to use inferior and half-ripened grapes and supply artificial sweetness by adding sugar, giving a product which does not compare with that prepared from properly ripened grapes alone. None of the soft drinks given in the disapproved class is especially injurious except as intimated above, nor do they contain preservatives, sac- charin, or dangerous coloring materials as is sometimes the case. It is merely that they fail in quality and are for that reason disapproved as not belonging in a list of high grade products, or are of secret composition and as such unworthy of patronage. Some of the manufacturers have un- doubtedly made efforts to improve their product and moderate their claims especially of late years. BEVERAGES £1 Upon the whole the ^* habit of drinking/^ even of a preparation of roots and herbs, is not one to be generally commended. At least every parent hav- ing at heart the welfare of his child is entitled to know what that child drinks when he patronizes the soda fountain or the bottled beverages. TESTED SOFT DRINKS, TONICS AND MEDI- CATED BEVERAGES Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association, St. Louis, Mo. * Malt Nutrine. (General claims as to tonic and flesh forming results permissible. Statement that it is non-intoxicating is modified by the declaration of the presence of 1.9 per cent, of alcohol. Is non-intoxicating when taken in medicinal doses, as recommended on label.) Armour Company, Chicago, Illinois. * Grape Juice. American Fruit Products Company, Rochester, N. Y. * Duffy's Apple Juice. Brooke, C. M., and Sons, New York and Melbourne. (D) Lemos, Brooke's. {Apparently a mixture of lime and lemon pulp and juice, sweetened, colored with Naptlwl Yellow 8 (a permitted coal tar dye) and preserved with 0.10 per cent, of henzoate of soda, declared on the label. '^Use Lemros instead of lemons for all purposes.' ' 1001 TESTS It is not a wholesome equivalent for pure lemon juice "by any means.) Cliquot Club Company, Millis, Mass. (N) Celebrated Cliquot Club Extra Dry Ginger Ale. {Ginger resins and ginger oil could not he de- tected. Owes pungency mainly to capsicum; labeled a^ follows: . . . '* flavored with the finest Jamaica ginger with dashes of pure fruit flavor and capsicum.^') Coca Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia. (D) Coca Cola, Bottled. {A beverage sold as a soft drink containing a habit forming alkaloid, caf- fein, not declared in any way and which may prove injurious to health; contains also a little phosphoric acid, about 9 per cent, of sugar, and is colored with caramel.) Coleman and Company, Ltd., Norwich, Eng. (D) Wincamis. {A sweet red wine containing malt extract and extract of beef. The latter has practically no food value; contains 18 per cent, of alcohol, and the claims that it is '^a nerve food ivithout an equaV and ^*a powerful restor- ative and vitalizer" and ^^a liquid food'' are not permissible, as it is merely a mild stimu- lant and tonic, has practically no nutri- tive value and is not a '^ nerve food" at all.) BEVERAGES 23 Evans' Sons, Lescher and Webb, Ltd., London and Liverpool. * The Montserrat Lime-Fruit Juice. Golden Gate Fruit Company, San Gabriel and New York, N. Y. (D) Orange Ade. (Citric acid substituted in whole or in part for orange juice, artificially colored with a coal tar dye and preserved tvith sodium henzoate. Notice of judgment 2864.) Hawaiian Pineapple Products Company, Honolulu. * Dole's Pure Hawaiian Pineapple Juice. Hires, Charles E., Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (N) Hire's Household Extract. {Is true to label be- ing made from a mixture of many different harks and roots, such as juniper, pipsisewa, spikenard, etc. Not deemed of a composition suitable for children's use. May have medicinal effect.) Hoff, Johann, agent, Eisner Mendelson Company, New York, N. Y. (D) Johann Hoff's Extract. {A malt extract con- taining nearly 5 per cent, of alcohol, more than many beers, ivith 92 per cent, of volatile mat- ter, mostly water, and only 8 per cent, of nu- tritive solids. Claims that it is ^* recognized by the medical faculty as an ideal food,'' and that it is an ^'active remedy for coughs, colds, sore throat, bronchitis, etc.," are not warranted in any way.) 24i 1001 TESTS Hygeia Distilled Water Company, New York, N. Y. * Hjrwaco Ginger Ale. * Lemon Soda. (D) Hywaco Sarsaparilla. (Sweetened water, fla- vored with sassafras arid wintergreen. Not true to label as it contains no sarsa/parilla. An accepted commercial misbranding. All sarsa- parillas are of this type.) Moxie Company, Boston and New York. (D) Moxie. (Contains a little oil of sassafras and wintergreen, caramel, sugar and a trace of ex- tractives from Peruvian hark. Former extrav- agant tonic claims have been modified but are still far too strong. Harmless but of practically no tonic value.) O. T. Limited, London, Blackfriars, S. E., Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. (D) 0. T. A delicious Drink,— A Tonic. A Diges- tive. (Exti^avagant tonic and digestive claims for a product containing capsicum, caramel and flavoring oils.) Pepper, Dr., Company, Waco, Texas. (D) Dr. Pepper (King of Beverages). (Makes spe- cial merit of being free from caffein, and co- cain. Contains benzaldehyde and caramel col- oring, unth raspberry flavor and a trace of citric and phosphoric acid.) BEVERAGES ^ Pierce, S. S., Company, Boston, Mass. * Tally-Ho Ginger Ale. (D) Tally-Ho Sarsaparilla. (See Eygeia Distilled Water Company, N. Y., Hywaco Sarsaparilla for comments.) Puritan Fruit Products Company, Fredonia, N. Y. * Red Wing Grape Juice. (Two per cent, or less of sugar added declared on label; should he called a '^sweetened grape juice"; addition of dubious necessity or desirability.) Rose, L., and Company, Ltd., London. * Rose's Pure West Indian Lime Juice unsweetened. Ross, W. A., and Sons, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. * Ross's Royal Ginger Ale. Schuyler, A. C, 333 West 36tli Street, New York. * Delatour Ginger Ale. Sheboygan Mineral Water Company, Sheboygan, Wis. * Aromatic Ginger Ale. (Not *' chief of them alV) Standard Bottling and Extract Company, Boston, Mass. * Standard Ginger Ale. Welch Grape Juice Company, Westfield, N. Y. * Grape Juice. Wyeth, John, and Brother, Philadelphia, Pa. (N") Liquid Malt Extract. (Alcohol slightly too high (2.53 per cent.), as much as a light beer. Con- 26 1001 TESTS tains, however, 14 per cent, of solids and the claims are only slightly exaggerated. Its spe- cial adaptability for nursing mothers and con- sumptives is over stated.) m BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. THERE is but little criticism to be made con- cerning the package ** crackers," cakes, bis- cuits, etc. Usually no great nutritive claims are made. In some cases extravagant claims are made for bran, and wbole wheat products. These are of value in preventing constipation, and are of maxi- mum nutritive value, when true to name. Too often, however, the products are bolted and the analysis does not justify the claim that the whole wheat, including the bran, was used. This is the case with the Educator products, which not only show by their nitrogen and ash content that they are not made of true whole wheat, but rather ex- travagant claims are made for their efficiency. The simple patent flour biscuit of the Loose- Wiles Company is a perfectly good biscuit, but when they claim that it ** contains all the nutriment of the grain" and '4s different from all other soda crack- ers," etc., the labeling is plainly misleading. One other product is open to special criticism, namely, the rusks and biscuits of the Jireh Dia- 27 1001 TESTS betic Food Company, wMcli claim to **cure consti- pation," ^* provide an anti-acid diet," and to be ''especially suitable for diabetics," when they con- tain about 47 per cent, of starch, or more, the ''special treatment" being of dubious value. Such claims in combination with the misleading word '^diatetic" garbled from the two words "dietetic" and "diabetic" cannot be considered frank, honest, and instructive labeling, and would of necessity mislead the average layman. The main objection to this class of products, if such it be, is that the consumer pays a high price for the sanitary package. Any one who remem- bers the pound of soda biscuits bought in bulk knows that he is getting much less, due allowance being made for breakage, when he buys the dozen or so prettily packed cakes or crackers in a neat box. The public seems to demand such goods, however, and except on the score of economy, a factor in the problem which we are considering in this instance only in extreme cases, the output is commendable. TESTED BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. {Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {2f) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. 29 Edwards, Elinor E., East Orange, N. J. (N) Edwards' Bran Cookies. (Analysis indicates a hran flour rather than pure bran. Claims for efficiency as a nutritive laxative largely justi- fiable.) Holland Rusk Company, Holland, Michigan. ; (N) Holland Rusk. {Label misleading as to origin. Not the original *^ Holland Busk''; made in Holland, Mich. Not the '*most practical and economical food known.") Ivins*, J. S., Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. * Ivins' Bonnie Wafers. * Ivins' Lunch-on-Thin. Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y. (D) Jireh Diatetie Eusks. (A good rusk, high in ni- trogen and mineral ingredients, but not ^^a cure for constipation'' and not especially adapted for diabetics as claimed.) (D) Jireh Diatetie Biscuits. (Most extravagant, in- defensible, medicinal claims; contains about 65 per cent, of starch and statement is mxide that it is ''a food remedy for diabetes, indigestion, insomnia, rheumatism, bright 's disease, and all forms of nervous and gastric derangement.") Johnson Educator Food Co., Boston, Mass. (N) Educator Gluten Cookies. {Just within standard limits for a gluten flour (35.5 per cent, protein). Following claims not entirely warranted : ' ' Un- 30 1001 TESTS equaled for those who are restricted to a gluten diet" . . . ^'It contains a mi/riimum of starch and a high proteid content.") * Educator Graham Crackers. Unsweetened. (N) Educator Oatmeal Crackers. {Nitrogen and min- eral ingredients hoth lower than in average hulled oats. Contain 13 per cent, of sugar which should he declared on label.) (N) Educator Toasterettes, {Weight understated; formerly 11 to 14 ounces ivas claimed; now only 9 ounces are claimed. Hardly a satisfactory way from the consumer's point of view of cor- recting short weight. Nitrogen and mineral ingredients both too low for a true ^'entire wheat" cracker.) (N) Educator Wafers. {Weight claim lowered to 8 ounces so that they now run over weight, though were formerly short. Analysis does not indicate a true whole ivheat product. Nitro- gen content is fairly good hut the mineral in- gredients are low, indicating that hran has been removed. These products are good hut claims are unwarranted and the price per pound is high.) Loose- Wiles Biscuit Company, 666 Causeway Street, Boston, Mass. * Pakatin-Biscuit. * Sunshine Assorted Biscuits. BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC 31 • Sunshine Citrns Biscuits. • Sunshine Clover Leaves-A Sugar wafer confec- tion. • Sunshine Dessert Wafers. (N) Sunshine Graham Crackers. {Contain alout 20 per cent, of sugar, not declared; should he called ''Sweetened Graham Crackers.") • Sunshine Philopena Sugar Almond. • Sunshine Petite Beurre Biscuits. • Sunshine Tan San Sugar Wafers. • Sunshine Veroniques. • Takoma Biscuit. {A good white flour hiscuit of the usual composition in all essentials. Former excessive claims as to nutriment have leen with- drawn and labeling much improved. Not ''en- tirely different from all other soda crackers ; difference is in form rather than in composi- tion.) • Vienna Sugar Fingers. {Why Vienna?) National Biscuit Company, New York, N. Y. * Adora. * Arrowroot Biscuit. • Baronet Biscuit. • Cheese Sandwich. • Chocolate Tokens. • Chocolate Wafers. * Epic Wafers. * Festino Almonds. * Fig Newtons. 32 1001 TESTS * Frotana — The Fruit Biscuit. (N) Graham Crackers. {Contain about 17 per cent, of sugar, not declared; should he called *^ Sweet- ened Graham Crackers.") "k Lemon Snaps. * Nabisco. * Old Time Sugar Cookies. * Koyal Lunch. * Saltine Biscuit. * Social Tea Biscuit. * Sponge Lady Fingers. * Uneeda Biscuit. "lAr Vanilla Wafers. * Water Thin Biscuit. * Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps. Remmers, B., and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. "k Gluten Bread, Diabetiker loaves. (Leavened with hydrogen peroxide hut none found in the fin- ished loaf; carbohydrates reduced to from 10 to 15 per cent,) (Note: The addition of large amounts of sugar to graham crackers (eaten largely by children), without any warning on the label, seems to me prejudicial to health. It not only tends to produce a sugar habit but unbalances the ration, overemphasizing the carbohydrates and minimizing the protein and mineral ele- ments which are supposed to constitute the superiority of this special product. We at first starred these biscuits, calling atten- tion to their real composition, and hoping that a change would be made in label or composition, but such has not been the case.) CANDIES THE principal adulterants to be feared in con- fections have been snlphites, used especially in bleacMng molasses, saccharin used to replace sugar, metallic substances and shellac containing arsenic, used in coating and giving a gloss, especially to the cheap, penny candies sold to chil- dren, artificial, poisonous colors, and the substitu- tion of the cheap glucose made from starch, for the true sugar (sucrose) of which candies are sup- posed to be made. Glucose may be used almost entirely to supplant sugar, in the case of low grade candies, in which case it is a cheapener (whatever may be thought of its wholesomeness and rela- tive digestibility, especially for children), as the price is much less than that of sugar. Moreover, the child will eat more of confections made of glu- cose, as they are less sweet and this again I con- sider undesirable. The glucose may be used hon- estly in small amounts to give certain physical characteristics, especially in such candies as nougatines, caramels, etc. Not exceeding 15 to 25 per cent., according to the kind of candy, has 33 34 1001 TESTS been disregarded, it being considered that it was employed in such cases without fraudulent intent. In my opinion, however, glucose when present in a candy should be declared on the label and I hope to see the day when it will be replaced by invert sugar, both in the interests of dietetics and hon- esty. Sugar is more apt to crystallize and to melt than is glucose, which is more than one-half dextrin (a non-sugar) and it is for this physical effect that the candy-makers desire to use it. If manufac- turers would plainly label all mixed products with the percentage of glucose present the popular prejudice against glucose based on its extensive and continued use under no name, or one that gives no index to its nature, or a misleading name, would soon disappear. Personally, I believe that candies should be given very sparingly to children, because of the tendency to decrease and debase the natural ap- petite, creating a longing for only sweet foods, which increase the danger of digestive disturb- ances. For hard working men and women, can- dies when properly used, offer a valuable addition to the diet. Cake, milk chocolates, plain taffy and mints, the hard candies like stick candy, if made from pure sugar, and fruit flavors, and free from artificial coloring, are probably as healthy and CANDIES 35 nutritious as any sweets tliat can be used, espe- cially for the little folks. We are writing for the present as well as for the future. We realize that candies will continue to be used in large quantities for children in spite of the sound dietetic objec- tions to this practice. Our present purpose, there- fore, is to emphasize the importance of the use of pure constituents, pure sugar and honey, in- vert sugar, natural coloring matters of vegetable origin, caramel (burnt sugar), natural flavors de- rived chiefly from fruits, clean milk, and pure chocolate all manufactured in the most sanitary manner. Too long keeping should also be avoided, dust proof containers employed and the products handled in the most cleanly and hygienic manner possible. TESTED CANDIES (Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) Aromint Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. i^ Aromints. Belle Mead Sweets, Trenton, N. J. * Belle Mead Sweets Chocolate Coated Caramels. * Old Fashioned Chocolate Coated Vanilla Whipped Creams. 1001 TESTS Bishop and Company, Los Angeles, California. (N) Calarab Candy Figs. (50 yer cent, sugar and nearly 17 per cent, glucose.) Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. * Milk Chocolate. Foss, H. D., and Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Caramels. (33 per cent, of glucose.) * Chocolate Peppermints. * Pony Sticks. (N) Quality Liquid Cream Cherries. {Cherries col- ored with erythrosine, a permitted coal tar dye.) Heide, Henry, New York, N. Y. * Fine Marshmallows. (20 per cent, glucose.) Heller-Barnham Company, Hopewell, N. J. (N) Hopewell Dainties. (20 per cent, glucose in cream fillings; 12 oz. sold for lib. (80 cents) ; good quality otherwise.) Hershey Chocolate Company, Hershey, Pa. * Hershey 's Sweet Milk Chocolate. Huyler's, New York City. * Bonbons. * Caramels. (24 per cent, glucose.) * Chocolates. * Nugatines. * Vanilla Sweet Chocolate. CANDIES S7 Johnston, Milwaukee, Wis. (N) Superfine Caramels. (51 per cent, glucose.) (N) Swiss Style Milk Chocolate Creams. (20 per cent, glucose.) Loose- Wiles Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Nobility Chocolates. (19 per cent, of glucose in cream filling ^ price $1.00 a pound.) Lowney, Walter M., Company, Boston, Mass. * Chocolate Gems. * Chocolate Ice Cream Drops. {Why ice cream? The cream filling contained 12.5 per cent, of glucose. ) "A" Crest Caramels, Chocolate Covered. (19 per cent, of glucose; good quality hut glucose con- tent slightly high.) * Crest Nugatines — Chocolate Covered. (18 per cent, glucose.) Maillard*s, New York. * Bon Bons. * Caramels. {Glucose 23 per cent.) * Chocolate Creams. * Nugatines. Manufacturing Company of America, Philadelphia, Pa. * U-All-No After Dinner Mint. Mayer, Alfred, Philadelphia, Pa. * Marmay Crimped Chocolates, Nuts and Fruits. 38 1001 TESTS National Candy Company. * Skylark Chocolates, Seventeen Varieties. (11 per cent, of glucose.) * Skylark Milk Chocolate Creams. (16 per cent. of glucose.) New England Confectionery Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Pony Sticks Assorted. Necco Sweets. (30 per cent, of glucose^ permitted coal tar dyes.) Nunnally, Atlanta, Ga. * Caracas Chocolate Creams. (10 per cent, glu- cose; a 40 cent candy, good quality for price.) (N) Chocolate Covered Cordial Cherries. {Cherries colored with ponceau, a permitted coal tar dye.) Park and Tilford, New York, N. Y. * Bon Bons. * Caramels. (22 per cent, of glucose.) * Chocolates. 'A Nugatines. Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss Chocolates Company, Ful- ton, N. Y. * Almond Milk Chocolate. {Disparages competi- tor's products in an unwarranted way.) * Original Sweet Milk Chocolate. * Nestle 's Hazel Nut Sweet Milk Chocolate. * Nestle 's Almond Sweet Milk Chocolate. Powell's, New York, N. Y. if Kewpie Kandies. {Pure sugar candies, only vege- table colors used.) CANDIES 39 Rueckheim Brothers and Eckstein, Chicago, Illinois. (N) Angelus Marshmallows. {Contain 36 per cent, glucose hut more of this ingredient is said to he required for marshmallows than for most other types of candies.) * Chocolate Marshmallows, Angelus. (19 per cent, of glucose and 54 per cent, of sucrose. Hardly '*A message of purity," though they are very good marshmallows.) ii^ Nut Cracker Jack, The Famous Confection. (17 per cent, of glucose.) Schrafft's, New York. * Bonbons. (N) Caramels. {Glucose 28 per cent.) * Chocolate Creams. Suchard, Neuchatel, Switzerland, London, Eng. * Chocolate (Chocolat sans sucre). {An unmixed chocolate of high grade containing 53 per cent, of cocoa fat.) United Berne Zurich Chocolat Manufacturing Com- panies, Switzerland. * Chocolat Lindt. {A typical sweet chocolate, should he so laheled; contains 31 per cent, of fat and 47 per cent, of sugar.) Wadsworth Chocolate Co., Newark, N. J. * Wadsworth 's Sweets, Mints. 40 1001 TESTS Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Inc., 411-421 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. * Chocolate Elite Cream. (Glucose 12 per cent.) * Chocolate Covered Liquid Cherries. * Super Extra Chocolate Covered Caramels. (Glu- cose 20 per cent,) Wilbur, H. O., and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. ^ Wilbur ^s Vanilla Chocolate Buds. (Extravagant praise of flavor and general excellence.) V CANNED GOODS * THEEE are many popular fallacies and rumors afloat regarding this class of food materials. The name itself is unfortunate. Canned goods, strictly speaking, include foods which are steril- ized by heat only and kept in air tight containers, whether they be tin cans or glass jars. For this reason, only fruits, milks, vegetables, and soups with their related products are treated in this section. Many confuse canned goods with preserves, which represent quite a diif erent class of products such as jams, jellies, fruit syrups and catsups, all of which are combined with sugar and other condi- ments or are otherwise compounded. The time was when peas were colored with copper, green corn was sweetened with saccharin, and preserv- atives of various kinds, salicylic, benzoic, sulphur- ous acids, and borax were used to aid the keeping process. These evil practices have disappeared in the case of true canned goods. Benzoate, borax and saccharin and copper sulphate are tabooed. 1 For canned and dried fish, and meats, see pages 122 and 150. 41 42 1001 TESTS The main points to be considered are the quality of the raw materials, the sanitary conditions of manufacture, full weight and measure, and the possible presence of tin, dissolved from the con- tainer. On the first two points, chemical analysis cannot throw much light. We can only base our opinion upon inspection, taste, and general knowl- edge of the standing of the firm concerned. Net weight will soon be stated on all cans under the law, and in this connection a slack fill must also be considered, as obviously a can of tomatoes that weighs two pounds, but is largely water, is not so good as one that is a little under weight, but con- tains more solids. Variations in weight will occur in the output from the same factory, and therefore the examination of a few samples may be misleading. We are reporting, therefore, the data obtained on the goods examined, for what they are worth, and as a general guide to the quality of the output of the several manufacturers named. Three hundred milligrams of tin per kilo (5 grains in 2.2 lbs.) are tolerated by official regulation. We have not starred any product which contained 200 milligrams or over, and in most cases only very small amounts are present. Certain vegetables, such as asparagus, act upon the container to a greater extent than others and CANNED GOODS will always be higher in tin. For some vegetables, lacquered cans are used. Beets, especially, are put up in this way; whereas in other cases (beans and asparagus), the lacquer seems to affect the flavor of the product and cannot so well be used. The National Canner's Association has a central laboratory, whose work is conducted by chemists and bacteriologists formerly connected with the Bureau of Chemistry, and every effort is making to solve these problems in the canning industry as rapidly as possible, with a view es- pecially to the elimination of tin salts. Plainly, it is with minor evils that we have to do in the can- ning trade. While I cannot agree with those who hold that canned goods are better than fresh, the addition of wholesome canned fruits and vegetables to the dietary in Winter, and for the use of those who are of necessity cut off from a fresh supply, is a blessing of incalculable value and only attended by a minimum of danger. In my opinion, it would be a great step forward if the package should carry not only the net weight, but also the date of manufacture, so that goods could not be held too long on the grocer's shelves. This is es- pecially true in the case of condensed milk, and such vegetables as asparagus, fish products, ber- 44. 1001 TESTS ries, etc., some of which are especially apt to attack the inner surface of the container. Another difficulty in passing upon the output of canned goods is that many of them are put up in plain cans and handled by jobbers under their own names, so that one cannot be sure that the supply of any particular distributor will be uni- form. The terms used to express different grades of canned goods mean but little to the can- ners and less to the consumer. The simplifica- tion of the label in this regard, the abandonment of such meaningless terms as ** Superfine," ''Extra Quality,'' ''Early June, Extra Sifted," etc., and the presence of the date, the name of the manufacturer and the true net-weight on each can, would be a boon to the housekeeper and enable her to buy more intelligently and permit of a more accurate estimate of the various grades and brands in relation to their price. Notwithstanding these criticisms, which are largely matters of labeling and distribution, the canned goods supply can be given as large a measure of approval as could be accorded to any single class of food products. Increasing confi- dence of the people in the quality of these steri- lized products since the great body of manufac- turers have become affiliated in a National As- CANNED GOODS 45 sociation pledged to purity, wholesomeness, and honesty of its products is strengthening the com- mercial side of the canning industry and pro- moting the efforts of food officials and hygienists who are striving for the highest ideals in food production. FRUITS (SEE ALSO DRIED FRUITS) {Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) TESTED FRUITS Boyle, John, Company, Baltimore, Md. (N) Strawberries, Victory Brand. (A plain can {not lacquered) , artificial color claimed, hut none ds- tected. The proportion of liquid solids was too high, though the whole can was over weight.) California Fruit Canner's Association, San Francisco, Cal. (Packed for Park and Til ford, New York City.) * Apricots, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. "A Cherries, Royal Anne, Del Monte Brand, Extra Quality. ik Hawaiian Pineapple, Gold Leaf Extra, Sliced. * Logan Berries, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. * Peaches, Lemon Cling, Del Monte Brand, Extra Quality. 46 1001 TESTS ^ Peaches, Yellow Free, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. •A" Pears, Bartlett, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. * Plums, Egg, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality. ik Plums, Green Gage, Del Monte Brand Extra Qual- ity. Cobb Preserving Company, Fairport, N. Y. * "White Cherries, Navy Brand. {Amount of liquid slightly high in proportion to the fruit — 50 per cent, of each. The can was over weight.) Davies, K. M., and Company, Williamson, N. Y. ik Red Raspberries, Williamson Brand. {Liquid rather high in proportion to fruit (63 per cent, of juice), total weight very good.) Griffith-Durney Company, San Francisco, Calif. * Apricots, California, Troubadour Brand. * Bartlett Pears, California, Troubadour Brand. .k Cherries, Royal Anne, Troubadour Brand. k Plums, Egg, California, Troubadour Brand. * Plums, Green Gage, Troubadour Brand. Hawaiian Pineapple Company, Honolulu. k Hawaiian Sliced Pineapple, Paradise Island Brand. Hunt Brothers, Haywood, Cal. * Apricots. * Bartlett Pears. * Cherries, Royal. k Peaches. CANNED GOODS 47 Lanning and Son, William, Bridgeton, N. J. "A" Blackberries in Syrup, Silver Lake Brand. * Pears, Silver Lake Brand. Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y. ^ Premier Strained Cranberry Sauce. Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. -k Bartlett Pears. iK Extra Lemon Cling Peaches. * Sliced Hawaiian Pineapple. MILK PKODUCTS, INFANT'S FOODS, ETC. It often happens that infants are deprived of their natural diet, i.e., the milk of a healthy mother. There are also sometimes derangements of nutri- tion in which case the child does not assimilate normal food. To meet these conditions manufac- turers and physicians have endeavored to supply nutritious substitutes for the child's natural diet. It is hardly necessary to say that none of these efforts have met with complete success. There is no so-called commercial ** infant's food," that can be recommended for general use. The anx- ious mother vainly turns from one vaunted prepa- ration to another to avoid diarrhea, or check the loss of weight of a wasting child. Most of the makers of infant foods recognize the fact that pure milk, scientifically modified, is the best substitute for mother's milk. The milk of the Holstein cow is said to be particularly adapted to infant feed- ing, by reason of its relatively lower content of fat, and the smaUer size of the fat globules, re- sembling human milk more nearly in these par- ticulars. Goat's milk, unfortunately not utilized in this country, is probably better adapted to the CANNED GOODS 49 infant's use tlian cow's milk, and the animal itself is less prone to tuberculosis. The wise physician, guided by the principles of scientific dietetics, will endeavor by slight modifica- tions of pure, clean, fresh milk, from healthy ani- mals (usually effected by varying degrees of dilu- tion, and the addition of milk sugar and lime water and sometimes barley water), to determine the diet best suited to the particular case. A large percentage of the commercial infants' foods are offered, not as complete foods, but as milk modi- fiers. One of the virtues urged in their behalf is the substitution of sugar and dextrin (made by the action of enzymes on starch obtained from cereal products) for the natural milk sugar or lactose. It is difficult to believe that nature has made a mistake in placing lactose instead of su- crose, maltose or dextrin, in the milk of the mam- mals. That infants often thrive on these substi- tute sugars is an evidence of the ability even of the babe to tolerate a strange environment rather than a proof of the waywardness of nature. It is more logical to believe that lactose, the natural milk sugar of little sweetness, is not only the nor- mal, but also the best carbohydrate for the baby. The infant's foods of commerce may be divided into the following general classes : 50 1001 TESTS 1. Milk products (including condensed milk, sweetened or unsweetened, tlie latter being known as '^evaporated'* milk and dried milks). 2. Malted cereals. 3. Mixtures of malted cereals, with milk, im- properly called ** malted milks.'' 4. Mixtures of sugar, malt, dextrose, dextrin, eggs, etc. The condensed milks are not offered exclusively for infant's foods, but for general nutrition, and as a food for grown people, for use in coffee, for convenience in traveling, camping, etc., and for general use when fresh milk is not available or is under suspicion, they afford a most valuable sub- stitute. Nearly all labels and advertisements, however, commend them for infant feeding. Sweetened condensed milk, consisting as it does, largely of sugar (often over 40 per cent.) should never be used for infant feeding. This amount of sugar unbalances the ration, increasing enor- mously the proportion of carbohydrates and thus tends to derange digestion and promote the undue formation of fat, mistakenly hailed by the mother as an indication of healthy nutrition. Growth, firmness of flesh, color and animation are much surer signs of successful feeding than is the CANNED GOODS 51 ** creased plumpness,'' so lauded by venders of in- fant foods. When traveling, or if a pure whole milk cannot be secured, or in hot climates where refrigerating facilities are limited, the unsweetened condensed milk, sometimes called ** evaporated milk'' may afford the second best choice. By reason of the high temperatures required to sterilize and con- dense the product, such milk undergoes marked changes of character, which many medical authori- ties consider affect its nutritive properties for in- fants, the mineral ingredients especially being less easily assimilated. Though this evidence is ques- tioned by some, it is well to be on the safe side, and while many infants thrive on a diet of condensed milk others so fed have suffered from rickets and other diseases of deranged assimilation. Condensed milks are properly made from the pure, clean, fresh milk of healthy cows. Prac- tically much of it is made of milk from very un- sanitary cows, and handled in unsanitary dairies. There is no reason to believe that the milk in many of the dairies is better than some of that sold in its natural state. The evaporated product, however, has the distinct advantage over ordinary market milk, in so far as diseased germs and dirt are con- 52 1001 TESTS cerned, that it is strained and sterilized in the con- densaries ; the sweetened product is not sterile. According to the official standards, condensed milk contains not less than 28 per cent, of solids and of these 7.7 per cent, is fat. Subsequent un- warranted modification of the standard required that the sum of total solids and fat should be 34.3 per cent., of which 7.8 should be fat. Many of the condensed milks on the market fell even below this. But although these standards represented minimum requirements for total solids and fat, there has been a long continued attempt on the part of many manufacturers to have them lowered still further. Success has crowned their efforts and the last Decision (No. 158) issued April 2, 1915, calls for only 25.5 per cent, of total solids ! The claim has been persistently made that it was impracticable to condense milks to the degree first required, namely, 28 per cent, of solids, by reason of the fact that the organic salts present in milk, mostly compounds with citric acid, would crystallize out and form a sandy, gritty deposit objectionable to the consumer. Also the argument is made that when condensed milks are made from whole milk containing 4 per cent, of fat (although this is about the general average) the required to- tal solids should be lower, since it is claimed to be CANNED GOODS 53 difficult to keep the ** excessive quantity '* of fat from separating and forming a kind of thick cream. In my opinion both of these contentions are without foundation, and this view is borne out by the sample of the imported evaporated milk which we have examined, which contains about one-third more total solids and fat than is required by the minimum standards of this country. If a manufacturer in Switzerland can produce a very satisfactory product containing over 33 per cent, of solids and 9% per cent, of fat, an American manufacturer should not grumble because he is re- quired to have 28 per cent, of solids and about 7.7 per cent, of fat. Moreover, the physical appear- ance of the imported sample was most excellent, being soft, creamy, devoid of grit, and showing no evidences of the separation of fat. It is more probable that the separation referred to is due to long keeping, and not to an excessive condensation. Evaporated milks should be distributed in such a manner that they will not remain too long upon the shelves of the dealers. Skimmed milk cannot be advised for infants, and evaporated milks, especially milks recom- mended for infant feeding, should be held strictly up to the standard for total solids and fat. Dried 54 1001 TESTS milk or milk powder differs from condensed milk in being almost free from moisture. It has all tlie faults and virtues of condensed milk and may serve a most useful purpose when the fresh product can- not be obtained. When cereals, wheat, rye, barley, etc., are finely ground and made into a paste by the admixture of water at a high temperature, they are readily acted on by malt which renders the starch soluble, chang- ing it into sugars (maltose and dextrose), and into dextrin. The infant utilizes starch only with diffi- culty and this process makes it more easily di- gestible. No normal infant at its mother's breast, however, requires food of this kind. Nature is the safest guide, and if such preparations have any value, it is only in abnormal conditions. The use of simply modified milk, as previously described, up to the sixth month, and the gradual introduction of cereal gruels, fruit juices, etc., after that time is in general a procedure to be preferred to the use of so-called * infants' foods." Malted milks represent a large class of mis- branded products, consisting really of a certain amount of milk mixed with malted cereals, the lat- ter usually forming the principal part of the product. They are nutritious and convenient materials for grown persons, and some invalids. CANNED GOODS 55 but are too high in carbohydrates (starches, and sugars) foreign to an infant's natural food to be especially adapted to this purpose. Often the per- centage of fat is so low as to indicate that even the small amount of milk present was skimmed milk. Special comment on the samples of these classes of infant's foods examined will be found in connec- tion with the respective products. TESTED MILK PRODUCTS, INFANT'S FOODS, ETC. {Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) American Druggist's Syndicate. (N) A. D. S. Malted Milk. (A good malted milk hut extravagant claims as to quality and heing *'The best of all foods for infants and invalids** are umvarranted.) Aurora Condensed Milk Company, Rotterdam, Holland. ^ Sweetened Condensed milk. {Most excellent product, about % higher in milk solids and fat than the American output.) Berna Milk Company, Thoune, Switzerland. ■^ Condensed Swiss Milk, sweetened with sugar. (About % higher in milk solids and fat than the American samples. Claim '' Absolutely 56 1001 TESTS Pure'* and directions for infant feeding, oh- jectionahle, hut product is not especially rec- ommended for this purpose.) Bernese Alps Milk Company, Switzerland. "k Evaporated unsweetened Swiss milk. (A most excellent product, fully % higher in solids and fat than our best American products. Claim *'Can he used as an excellent cream" objection^ able, as it has only half the butter fat of a true cream.) Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Condensed Milk, The Gail Borden Eagle Brand. (A most excellent sweetened milk for general use; not starred solely because of extravagant claims for its special suitability for infants' feeding, for which use it is deemed most oh- jsctionable, as it contains over 40 per cent, of sucrose, an element not found at all in the in- fants' normal food.) * Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless (pound cans). (N) Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless (six ounce can). {The large cans were of excellent com- position, but two samples of the small cans, same brand, were low both in solids and fat. May have been accidental.) * Evaporated Milk, Unsweetened, St. Charles Brand. * Malted Milk, Borden's. {A whole milk mixed with malted cereals; an excellent and nutritious CANNED GOODS 57 food for adults hut not suitable for infant feed- ing in general as claimed, and not approved for this purpose. Much less objectionable than the sweetened condensed milk for this pur- pose.) Denmark Condensed Milk Company, Denmark, Wis. (N) Danish Prize Evaporated Milk. {Not sufficiently condensed. Exaggerated claims made for qual- ity. It is not the 'Heading brand of the world.'') Helvetia Milk Condensing Company, Highland, 111. * Our Pet Brand Unsweetened, Sterilized, Evapo- rated Milk. Hires Condensed Milk Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (N) Hires Condensed Milk. (Milk sufficiently con- densed, but either a product low in fat was used or it was partly skimmed; should be labeled '^ Sweetened,'' contains about 45 per cent, of sugar.) Horlick's Malted Milk Company, Racine, Wis. * Horliek's Malted Milk. (See Borden's.) g Imperial Granum Company, New Haven, Connecticut. (D) Imperial Granum — The Great Prepared Food. (Practically a partially roasted flour. Exag- gerated claims as to its value as a food for in- fants and invalids. Especially does it contain too much starch for an infant's food.) 58 1001 TESTS Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, Illinois. * Condensed Milk, Sweetened. (Contains about 44 per cent, of sucrose. No reference found to in- fant feeding.) * Evaporated Milk, Sterilized, Unsweetened. {A good whole milk, condensation complies with present standard. Six samples averaged 7.7 per cent, of fat (7.8 required) and about 26 of sol- ids.) Mead, Johnson and Company, Jersey City, N. J. (N) Mead's Dextri-Maltose— Malt Sugar. (Essen- tially a mixture of dextrin and maltose, pre- pared by enzymic action, not considered a de- sirable substitute for lactose in modifying milk for infant feeding in normal conditions.) Mellin's Food Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Mellin's Food. (A dried malt extract from wheat and barley, mostly maltose with some dextrin, Superior to some infantas foods, in that it does not contoMi starch, but it is not a ^'true substi- tute for mother's milk,'' even when combined with milk as recommended.) Merrell Soule Company, Syracuse, N. Y. (D) Klim. (This is really a dried skimmed milk for cooking purposes, contains only 0.21 per cent, of fat, while a similar whole milk preparation would contain 30 per cent. This is milk spelled backwards in more ways than one; claim ''For CANNED GOODS 59 all cooking where milk is needed'' not war- ranted. ) Mohawk Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Sweet Clover Brand, Sweetened Condensed Milk. {A good product containing standard amounts of fat and solids hut is nearly half sucrose and still claims to he the **most perfect sub- stitute for mother's milk," which contains none.) Nestle, Henri, 99 Chambers Street, New York, N. Y. (N) Nestle 's Food. {Contains some starch hut has a good content of fat, protein and soluhle carbo- hydrates. Not a *^ perfect nutriment for in- fants" as claimed.) Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Company, Seattle, Wash. * Carnation Brand Sterilized Evaporated Milk. {Made of whole milk and sufficiently condensed under present standards, with a good fat content. Extravagant claims as to quality.) Patch, The E. L., Company, Boston, Mass. * Patch's Powdered Sugar of Milk. {A pure lactose or milk sugar for modifying the milk for feed- ing of infants.) Smith, Kline and French, Philadelphia, Pa. (N) Eskay's Albumenized Food. {Contains too much starch to be used for an infant's food. Claim that it is " albumenized j" and is the ^'most nu- 60 1001 TESTS tritious, most palatable food upon the market/' not warranted as protein is low.) Thompson's Malted Food Co., Waukesha, Wis. (N) Thompson's Food Peptonized. {Compares well with other prepared hahy foods but is not a ^^true substitute for mother's milk" nor are the elements present ^Hn almost like proportions." Much less fat and much more carbohydrates than in milk.) (N) Thompson's Hemo. {Special claims not war- ranted by composition. A good malted milk product but no more protein found than in a straight malted milk despite claims as to ^'beef peptones." Amounts of iron and hemo-globin indicated also extremely small. There are no ^^ blood building" and ^^ nerve restoring" foods as such.) (N) Thompson's Malted Milk. {Lower in protein than other good malted milks though *' double malt- ing" is claimed. Not superior to other brands and not to be chosen for infant feeding under normal conditions.) Van Camp Packing Company, The, Indianapolis, Ind. * Evaporated Milk, Sterilized, imcolored, unsweet- ened. (Not ^*a perfect food for infants" as claimed.) SOUPS, EXTEACTS, BOUILLON CUBES, ETC. No soups are high in nutritive value as they con- tain so large a percentage of water, but they have a dietetic value notwithstanding. The soups ap- proved by chemical analysis, odor, flavor and con- dition of the can gave evidence of having been prepared in a sanitary way from good materials, but the highest rating was not accorded these products because it is impossible to determine defi- nitely from such inspection the quality of the raw materials used. The meat extracts and bouillon cubes have been included in connection with the soups, for con- venience, though, of course, they are not, strictly speaking, canned goods. It cannot be too often repeated that neither a meat extract nor a beef cube represents concentrated nourishment. On the contrary, the bouillon cubes especially contain large amounts of salt and the nitrogenous princi- ples present are stimulative rather than nutritious. For flavoring a cup of hot water, to take the place of a clear consomme, or to be used in the kitchen for flavoring purposes, they are useful and con- 61 1001 TESTS venient. They should never be depended upon for a child's luncheon or for nourishment for an in- valid. TESTED SOUPS, EXTRACTS, BOUILLON CUBES, ETC. Armour and Company, Chicago, Illinois. * Extract of Beef. (N) Bouillon Cubes. {Salt high — 67 per cent., claims mildly ohjectionaMe, not a ^'satisfying substi- tute for a heavy lunch,'* etc.) Beardsley's Sons, J. W., New York, N. Y. (N) Vegex, A vegetable extract. (A yeast extract of good odor and flavor containing 35 per cent, of nitrogenous material, not all of which however is protein. Value is stimulative rather than nutritive, as in all such products. Bumham, E. L., Company, New York, N. Y. * Clam Bouillon. {Not '^ highly'* concentrated as claimed.) Campbell, Joseph, Company, Camden, N. J. * Condensed Soup, Asparagus. * Condensed Soup, Beef. ^ Condensed Soup, Bouillon. ik Condensed Soup, Celery. ir Condensed Soup, Chicken. CANNED GOODS 63 * Condensed Soup, Chicken Gumbo. * Condensed Soup, Clam Chowder. * Condensed Soup, Consomme. * Condensed Soup, Julienne. * Condensed Soup, Mulligatawny. * Campbell's Mock Turtle Soup. * Condensed Soup, Mutton Broth. * Campbell's Ox Tail Soup. * Condensed Soup, Pea. * Condensed Soup, Printanier. * Condensed Soup, Tomato Okra. * Condensed Soup, Tomato. * Condensed Soup, Vegetable. * Condensed Soup, Vermicelli. Cudahy Packing Company, South Omaha, Nebr. (N) Extract of Beef. {Not ''the hest" though it has a good nitrogen content — coagvlable nitrogen not in extract at all — finished product does not *' represent about 45 lbs. of lean meat to 1 pound of solid extract/' in nutritive value.) Franco-American Food Company, Jersey City, N. Y- * Clear Oxtail Soup. * Puree of Tomato. * Clear Vegetable Soup. Hoyt, W. M., Company, Chicago, Illinois. * Yours Truly Condensed Tomato Soup. Knorr, C. H., Germany. (N) Barley, Knorr Soup. {Solid soup tablets; con- 64f 1001 TESTS venient and wholesome, serving a useful pur- pose for campers, etc., hut lacking in flavor and appetizing odor; houillon cubes about like Steero — no false nutrition claims, statement applies to whole output.) "A" Bouillon Consomme. (N) Cabbage. (N) Egg Quodlibet. (N) Green Pea. (N) Yellow Pea. (N) Mock Turtle. (N) Mushroom. (N) Mutton Broth. (N) Onion. (N) Oxtail. (N) Petite Marmite. (N) Potato. (N) Regina. (N) Tapioca Julienne. (N) Tomato. Libby, McNeill and Libby. * Concentrated Oxtail Soup. * Concentrated Tomato Soup. * Concentrated Vegetable Soup. Liebig's Extract of Meat Company, London. * Liebig's Extract of Meat. {An excellent product criticised solely because of advertisements advocating its addition to milk for children; CANNED GOODS 65 claims as to increasing the assimilation of milk, etc., deemed most misleading and undesir- able.) (N) Liebig Company's 0X0 Bouillon Cubes. (Cor- neille David and Company, Distributors, New York, N. Y.) {Claims ^^ strengthening'^ ^'a meal in a minute,'* etc., misleading, although composition is good for this class of products.) National Pure Food Company, 149 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (N) Puro Soup — Beef. {Powdered — same comment as on KTiorr's.) (N) Puro Soup — Chicken. (N) Puro Soup — Green Turtle. (N) Puro Soup — Lentil. (N) Puro Soup — ^Vegetable. Richardson and Robbins, Dover, Delaware. * Chicken Soup. Royal Specialty Company. * Anker's Bouillon Capsules. Schieffelin and Company, New York, N. Y. i^ Steero Bouillon Cubes. {Very good composition — nutrition claims withdrawn, salt content rela- tively moderate and presence declared on label.) 66 1001 TESTS TESTED CANNED VEGETABLES Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y. * Asparagus, Sun Beam Pure Food, California. "A Beans, Lima Scottish Chief Green, Extra. * Beans, Refugee Broadway Brand. (Slightly slack fill, 11.5 oz. solids found, 13 required.) * Corn, Republic Sugar. * Corn, Scottish Chief Sweet. * Peas, Scottish Chief Sifted Early JunSo * Peas, Republic Sifted Early June. Boyle, John, Company, Baltimore, Md. * Spinach, Victory Brand Early Garden, * Spinach, Glenmore Early Fall. * String Beans, Victory Brand. * Tomatoes, Glenmore Brand. Brakeley, Joseph, Inc., Freehold, N. J. "A" Beans, Lima, Sinclare Brand. California Fruit Canners' Association, San Francisco, Cal. * Asparagus Tips, Del Monte Green. * Asparagus, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality Co- lossal Green. Cresca Company, New York, N. Y. (Packed in France.) * Artichokes, Cresca, "Whole French Natural. * Artichoke Bottoms, Cresca Extra. {Tendency to short weight.) * Mushrooms, Cresca Stuffed. * Mushrooms, Powdered. CANNED GOODS 67 DeGroff, Lewis, and Son, New York, N. Y. * Peas, Health Brand Sifted Early June. * Corn, Health Brand Food Products, Sweet. * Spinach, Good Honest Brand. (N) Stringless Beans, Good Honest Brand. {Slack fill — 11 oz, solids, 13 oz. called for.) Dunbar, G. W., Sons Company, New Orleans, La. * Okra and Tomatoes, Fresh. Frederick City Packing Company, Frederick City, Md. * Succotash, Pride of the Valley. Green Bay Canning Company, Green Bay, Wis. * Beets, Lazarre Brand Blood Red, Table. (For- merly disapproved 'because of high tin content due to use of plain can. Betest shoiued lac- quered can and low tin content. Product much improved.) Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y. * Corn, Milford Brand Extra Standard Tender Creamy Sweet. Haserot Canneries Company, The, Cleveland, Ohio. * Kornlet. Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. * Pork and Beans, Oven Baked. {Not enough pork to warrant name.) * Beans, Baked with Pork and Tomato Sauce. * Beans, Baked in Tomato Sauce without Pork. * Kidney Beans, Baked. 68 1001 TESTS Illinois Canning Company, The, Hoopeston, 111. "^ Kidney Beans, Joan of Arc. Koenig and Schuster, New York, N. Y. * Lima Beans, Queen Tiny. Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y. * Beans, Nabob Lima. * Corn, Premier Brand. ^ Peas, Premier Run of the Garden. {Bet est showed a satisfactory fill.) (N) Spinach. Nabob. {Slack fill — about twice the amount of water necessary. Tin rather high.) Liss, George and Company, New York, N. Y. * Peas, The Highwood Extra Sifted Early June. Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. * Asparagus, Special Extra. * Asparagus, California. * Pork and Beans. {Tendency to short weight; too little pork to justify name.) * Pork and Beans, with Tomato Sauce. (Too little pork to justify name.) ir Sauer Kraut, Hanover Brand. Mcllhenny Company, Avery Island, La. * Tabasco Brand Whole Okra. Middendorf and Rohrs, New York, N. Y. * Lima Beans, Fairfield Brand. * Lima Beans, Dellford Brand Tiny. * Lima Beans, Nectar Brand Green. * Beets, Fairfield Brand. CANNED GOODS 69 Numsen, William and Sons, Inc., Baltimore, Md., and Benesso, 111. (D) Pumpkin, Clipper Brand. {Tin too high, over 1000 mg.) North Maine Packing Company, Corinna, Maine. * Lentils, Royal Brand Finest Quality, Imported, in Tomato Sauce. Olney, Burt, Canning Company, Oneida, N. Y. * Beans, Refugee. (Product improved. Bet est showed very low tin content hut relative amount of liquid is still rather high,) * Beets, Garden. * Corn, Sweet, Baby Kernel. * Peas, Burt Olney 's Sifted Early June. * Spinach, Garden. Phillips Packing Company, Cambridge, Md. * Peas, Golden Rule Brand, Early June. Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y. * Corn, White Rose Brand. * Peas, White Rose Brand Sweet Wrinkled. -k Peas, Savoy Brand. * Spinach, White Rose Brand Fancy Cleansed. {Tendency to short weight hut a good -fill,) (N) String Beans, Checker Brand. {Slacli fill— 11 oz. of solids found, 13 oz. called for.) * Succotash, Warfield Brand. 70 1001 TESTS Sills, John S., and Sons, New York, N. Y. ^ Corn, Epicure Sugar. * Peas, Epicure Early Sifted. (Formerly short weight and too much water; retest showed full weight with liquids still slightly in excess.) * Tomatoes, Liberty Brand. Twitchell-Champlin Co., Portland, Maine, and Boston, Mass. (D) Hatchet Brand Lima Beans. (Suh-lahel, ^^ Packed from dried California lim^ heans/' hut picture of green pods on label is misleading, and it is not permissible to correct a wrong label by a sub-label. Should be called ^^ Hatchet Brand, Soaked Dried Lima Beans.^^ Wholesome, but inferior to green product and it is a question- able procedure economically, to can dried beans.) Van Camp Packing Company, The, Indianapolis, In- diana. * Hominy, Van Camp's Hulled Corn. * Pork and Beans, prepared with tomato sauee. {Too little pork.) ic Pork and Beans, Plain. (Too little pork.) Webster, Fred L., Adams, New York. •jAr Spinach, Webster's Brand Cultivated. White, John F., Mt. Morris, N. Y. ic Sweet Corn, Sweet Violet Brand, Choicest. Williams, R. C, and Company, New York, N. Y. :k Corn, Royal Scarlet, Evergreen. CANNED GOODS 71 :*: Peas, Koyal Scarlet, Early Sweet. * Spinach, Kobin Hood Brand. (D) String Beans, Economy Brand Refugee. {Nearly 14 water. Very slack fill.) VI CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS BREAKFAST FOODS MANY are the letters received in regard to the cereal breakfast foods, especially for chil- dren's use. One mother writes me: *'Two small youngsters are anxiously awaiting your opinion in regard to their favorite shredded wheat, grape nuts, and post toasties.'' With few exceptions, a general statement will serve to give the facts in regard to all of the leading brands of cereal products and breakfast foods sold in packages. They are nutritious, cleanly products, contain- ing the greater part of the nutriment of the grain and in some cases all of it. They are put up in a sanitary package and are convenient, and aiford variety. You do not get anywhere near as much nutrition for the same amount of money as when you buy the simple grains, such as whole wheat, cornmeal, oatmeal, etc., in bulk. If you realize this, however, and are willing to pay for the convenience and variety, there is no reason why they should not be used. The cornmeal and 72 CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 73 oatmeal are somewliat heavy and heating, so that unless a person is doing heavy, physical work, it might be well to use a less concentrated food. The whole wheat and the old fashioned oatmeal and commeal can never be surpassed or equaled as wholesome economic foods, giving the greatest amount of nutriment for the smallest amount of money. It must be remembered that the amount of nutrition present is not the only point involved in wholesomeness and the coarser form of the natural grains and the presence of bran have a beneficial effect upon the bowels as well as furnish- ing additional mineral ingredients. The processing of foods by ^^predigesting" and grinding, in my opinion, renders them relatively less wholesome though not less nutritious, inas- much as performing the work of the teeth and the digestive organs for them decreases their activity and in time affects their functioning if it is car- ried too far. Nevertheless, the moderate use of the package cereals is an undoubted boon under our present conditions of life and they may fill a valuable and convenient place in the dietary, if not used exclusively. The most serious charge to be brought against package cereals is the exaggerated claims made for their nutritive value. One becomes confused 74 1001 TESTS among so many products, each one of wMch is **tlie richest in nourishment," ^*the most easily di- gested, even by chronic invalids," 'immediately converted into muscle and brain activity," etc., etc. Oatmeal is the heaviest of cereals and still so excel- lent a brand as Hornby's Steam Cooked Oatmeal claims to be ''Good for invalids and those with weak stomachs," merely because it is thoroughly cooked. "The road to Wellville" is to be traveled by eat- ing Grape Nuts, a meaningless name applied to a mixture of cooked barley and wheat. The an- alysis of this product shows it to contain a very fair amount of protein, about 11 per cent., with an equal amount of sugar, and no more mineral in- gredients than any wheat and barley mixture should have. There are no "brain foods" as such. It is a great pity for these products to be burdened with such senseless exaggerations as to leave the consumer in the dark as to the rela- tive merits of different grains and the special con- ditions under which they should be used. TESTED BREAKFAST FOODS (Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 75 Cream of Wheat Company, Minneapolis, Minn. * Cream of Wheat. {Germ and bran of the wheat removed, a good product, hut only the ''mid- dlings,'^ name somewhat misleading.) Farewell and Rhines, Watertown, N. Y. (N) Barley Crystals. {Name meaningless. The whole grains are represented to he irritating and un- desirable, giving a false impression.) (N) Cresco Grits. {Claims to he ''virtually free from hran or germ,'' "the fermenting elements of grain,'' misleading, as the whole grain is a better "waste repairing food.") Five Kernels Food Company, The, Detroit, Michigan. (N) The Five Food Kernels. {A mixture of different grains. Contains less nutriment than a good oatmeal, less mineral than a whole wheat. Over burdened with such claims as this, "A more strengthening food than meat and po- tatoes," etc.) H. O. Company, The, Buffalo, N. Y. * Hornby's Steam Cooked Oatmeal. (N) Force. {Good product; bad claims; not espe- cially "good for indigestion"; amount of "bar- ley malt" used would not add any notable di- gestive properties; "No other cereal is as nu- tritious," misleading.) 76 1001 TESTS Hygienic Food Company, Battle Creek, Michigan. * Mapl-Flake Brand Whole Wheat Toasted. {Frohably made from a soft wheat as indicated hy comparatively low nitrogen and high ash. A good product hut rather over-burdened with claims.) Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y. (D) Jireh Diatetic Wheat Nuts. {Contains 50 per cent, of starch; claims to he a correct diet for diabetes, gout, rheumatism, etc., starch too high, and statement *' proper proportion of carbohy- drates'^ is evasive; amounts should he stated for protection of patient. Value of the change made in the starch is problematic.) Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company, Battle Creek, Michigan. ^ Kellogg 's Toasted Corn Flakes. ik Toasted Wheat Biscuit. (Claims- as to special process and retaining all of the vital elements of the whole wheat are somewhat overdrawn. Probably extra bran added.) National Oats Company, St. Louis, Mo. * National Oats. (Slightly exaggerated claims as to special nutritive value.) Postum Cereal Company, Battle Creek, Mich. * Post Toasties. (N) Grape Nuts. (Claims as to nutritive value ex- CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 77 aggerated; not a hrain or nerve food in any special sense, name misleading,) Quaker Oats Company, Chicago, HI. * Quaker Puffed Wheat. (N) Quaker Toasted Corn Flakes. '{Good hut not the whole grain. Claims ''We retain all the val- uable health and strength giving elements,^' hut is largely starchy part of corn; minerals and proteins low.) * Quaker Puffed Rice. (Slightly exaggerated state- ments as to ease of digestion and assimilation. Recommended for dyspeptics, delicate children, etc.) * Quaker Rolled White Oats. (Excellent product for which exaggerated claims are made. Is not ''The hest oat meal made.'' Others are as good. Is not "better in quality and flavor than any cereal food made.'') * Fancy Grits, Granulated Hominy. Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis^ Mo. * Ralston Wheat Food. Seaboard Rice Milling Company, Galveston, Texas. * Cereal, Comet Brand. Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y. * Wliite Rose Brand Hominy. Shredded Wheat Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y. * Shredded Wheat. (Truly the whole wheat.) 78 1001 TESTS Tyler, Byron, Kansas City, Missouri. (N) Raw Food. (A mixture of ground wheat, ground nuts, whole raisins and oil, the latter some- what rancid. A product not adapted to gen- eral merchandising, and most extravagant claims made as to the effects and desirability of raw food.) Uncle Sam Breakfast FcK)d Company, Omaha, Ne- braska. (N) Uncle Sam Health Food. {A mixture of flaked wheat and ground flaxseed, flavored with salt and a trace of celery seed. A nutritious mix- ture, 19 per cent, fat, and 20 per cent, protein, having laxative value, hut we doubt the advisa- hility of eating flaxseed in this quantity {about half) every day, as advised. Former extrava- gant claims have been much moderated.) United Cereal Mills Ltd., Quiney, 111. * Washin^on Crisps. Wheatena Company, The, Rahway, N. J. * ^Wheatena. FLOURS, IVIEALS, AND BRANS The main points to be considered in regard to a flour are that it should not be bleached by poison- ous chemicals to produce an unnatural whiteness (and in attaining this ideal the housekeeper can help much by increasing the demand for the creamy loaf, instead of the one that is unnaturally white), the presence of the proper amount of nitro- gen and mineral ingredients, fair weight and agreement with the label. More expensive flours such as buckwheat and rye are sometimes adulter- ated with others costing less. It is only the patent or the white flours, of course, which are bleached. In regard to the graham or whole wheat flours, there is much confusion and much difficulty in get- ting the true article. The trade, almost without exception, understands an ^* entire wheat'' flour to be a flour between the patent and the graham, that is to say, some of the bran has been removed and it is more finely ground than the graham but coarser than the white. It is an intermediate product. Plainly this is an established trade mis- nomer, as the flour of the * * entire wheat" should be just that, the entire wheat unbolted — and should 79 80 1001 TESTS be the same as a true graham flour. Graham flour is not only brown in color, consisting of the whole wheat, including the bran with its additional pro- tein and mineral ingredients, but it is an unbolted, coarsely ground product, which has a health value, in its effect upon the intestines apart from the question of nutrition. Here we have a funda- mental difficulty involving long established trade conditions. The flour is separated into many dif- ferent portions in the mill and the tendency is to reassemble the different products of the mill and combine them, giving many different grades of so- called graham flour, instead of coarsely grinding the unbolted whole grain as should be done. Of course, one may artificially make up a graham flour that will closely approach the composition of the true article, but it is easy to see how many varia- tions will occur under these conditions, and too often excessive amounts of bran and low grade flour are combined to pass as graham or ** whole wheat." The graham flours which have been starred in the following list are of high ash (min- eral) and nitrogen content and comply with the standard for a true graham. The two other classes of products calling for comment are the so-called self -rising flours and the gluten flours. The self-rising mixtures contain CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 81 more baking powder than is found necessary in home practice, which, in my opinion, is objection- able, and you pay, of course, for the convenience of having some one add the baking powder and mix your flours. I cannot look with much favor upon any mixed foods. The claims made for them are usually overstated and you pay a pre- mium for the slight convenience afforded. They cannot be said to be objectionable, however, ex- cept on this score and because of the increased amount of baking powder present. Knowing these facts the housekeeper must make her choice. The so-called gluten flours, from which all or a large part of the starch is supposed to have been removed to fit them especially for diabetics and others who cannot readily digest starch, have been much abused in labeling and the buyer has been led to believe that the product was virtually free from starch, when such is not the case. Labels should be carefully read and the amount of starch present should be declared on them to protect diabetics and those whose starch supply must be carefully con- trolled. TESTED FLOURS, MEALS, AND BRANS {Starred products (-k) are rated at 85 to 100; (^) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products {D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.) 1001 TESTS Christian Company, The, New York City. (D) Vieno Bran. {^^ Nature's remedy for constipa- tion, stomach and intestinal troubW mislead- ing. In abnormal conditions of stomach and intestines it might he irritating. Good for con- stipation, hut hetter to take hran as found m the whole grain, rather than to use it for medf soap delicately perfumed. Wrapped in silk and sold for one dollar, A good soap over-priced and over -praised.) Cereal Soap Company, 8 Beach Street, New York. (D) Zap. {Soap, sodium carbonate, cornmeal and oatmeal found. Statement that ^^no soap or soda is required'^ is misleading when both are present. Claim that it is *^made from pure vegetable cereals'* is not warranted since other substances are found. Unjustifiable criticism of other soaps and claims that it is 'Uhe greatest skin soap in the world/' and is '* absolutely pure'' deemed unwarranted by its composition, either as determined or claimed,) Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y. * Cashmere Bouquet Toilet Soap. * Heliotrope (Soap.) Crittenton, Charles N., Company, New York, N. Y. * Glenn's Sulphur Soap. Fairbank, N. K., Company, Chicago, and New York. "lAr Fairy Soap. {A good floating soap containing a very moderate amount of moisture for this type. No caustic alkali found but a little more carbonated alkali than the Government specifi- cations permit. A good soap extravagantly 21^ 1001 TESTS praised. ^^Unquestionably the purest, best and most satisfactory soap on the market," *^the cleanest of all soaps for household use,'' unwar- ranted; others just as good.) Hinds, A. S., Portland, Maine. (D) Hind's Honey and Almond Cream Soap. (Name not warranted by composition; no honey or al- mond detected. Statement that it *^ improves the complexion" cannot be guaranteed.) Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y. * Violet Sec. (Soap.) Jergens, Andrew, Company, Cincinnati and New York. * Jergen's Violet Glycerine Soap. {Claims *'We have caught the real fragrance of the violets"; perfume appears to be largely artificial.) (N) "Woodbury's Facial Soap. (A good grade of soap with a greater antiseptic value than ordi- nary soaps. The claims that it is recommended *'for eczema and acne," and has * ^ stimulating tonic properties" are not warranted, by compo- sition as far as can be determined.) Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis. (N) Palm Olive Soap. {Impossible to determine the exact nature of oils and fats used but palm and olive were not present in sufficient amounts to warrant the name. No criticism of soap itself.) TOILET ARTICLES 213 Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, N. J. "^ Synol Soap. {A liquid soap containing phenol and glycerin. No free alkali; 51 per cent, of mois- ture. Really a strong solution of carbolic; the surgical claims for antisepsis and germ destroy- ing powers are slightly extravagant. ) Kirk, James S., and Company, Chicago, 111. ir Jap Rose Soap. (Statement that you '^use only half as much as you would of any other soap*' unwarranted. Contained 12 per cent water. ) Klein's, Budapest, Hungary. * Glycerin Soap. Lever Brothers Company, Boston, Mass. (D) Lifebuoy Health Soap. (18 per cent, of water, no free alkali and a slight trace of sodium car- bonate; contains cresols or similar coal tar prod- ucts. A good soap hut claims *^ brings beauty to the skin/* '' prevents infection," ^'for saving life and preserving health** not warranted.) Lilly, Eli, and Company, Indianapolis, Ind. * Lilly 's Liquid Soap — unscented. Morgan's, Enoch, Sons Co., New York, N. Y. (N) Hand Sapolio. (71 per cent, sand and little ex- cess alkalinity. Claims to equal a mild turkish bath; not of '^perfect purity.'* Has a place for removing stains, etc., but some claims excessive.) 214 1001 TESTS Miilhens and Kropff, 298 Broadway, New York Gity. ^ White Rose Glycerin Soap. Packer Manufacturing Company, New York. * Packer's Tar Soap. Pears, A. F., Ltd., 71-75 New Oxford Street, London, W. C. * Pears' Soap. Potter Drug and Chemical Company, Boston, Mass. (D) Cuticura Soap. {A good grade of soap contain- ing a small quantity of prussian blue and prob- ably a little phenoL Prussian blue has been recommended for shin diseases. Excessive claims made for Cuticura as to the prevention and treatment of skin eruptions, are not war- ranted by its composition.) Proctor and Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio. ^ Ivory Soap. (As pure as it is cheap.)] Remmers, Cincinnati, Ohio. (N) Remmers' Peroxide Soap. {No peroxide could be determined by the usual tests, therefore the name is unwa/rramted and the product mis- branded. A good soap otherwise; claims mod- erate.) Resinol Soap Company, Baltimore, Md. (D) Resinol Soap. {Contains a small amount of cresol or some similar substance. Impossible claims made to the effect that it '^ prevents acne,'* '* nourishes the underlying tissues of the TOILET ARTICLES 215 sMn,'^ ^^ prevents falling out of the hair/^ etc., whereas antiseptic properties are very limited.) Roger and Gallet, Rue d 'Hauteville, Paris. * Savon Violette de Parme. (N) Savon Vera-Violetta. {A good grade of soap, scented with violet. Sold for 85 cents. No su- periority to the 25 cent cake could be discov- ered. Perfume mxiy he superior tut finished prodvA^t does not show it. Price excessive.) Roessler and Hasslacher Chemical Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Peroxide Zinc Soap. {A good peroxide zin^ soap really liberating some oxygen. Claims made, however, for the amount liberated, the effects produced and the danger from u^ng ^* ordinary*^ soaps are not warranted.) Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111. (N) Olivilo Soap. {A good soap but claims unten- able: '^ Makes beauty," ^^ lasts nearly twice as long as other ten cent toilet soaps,'' ^^ keeps the shin in its natural healthy condition.'') TOOTH POWDERS, PASTES, ETC. There are few if any tooth powders which are really injurious, but their antiseptic power is lim- ited by the conditions under which they are used and the excessive claims made for these simple preparations as to their efficacy in destroying germs, sterilizing the mouth, preventing the forma- tion of tartar, and curing, or even preventing, pyor- rhea, are out of all proportion to the facts. Some modern investigators object to the common alka- line tooth paste and urge a mild acidity such as is imparted by eating fruits. The base of the com- mon tooth paste is carbonate of lime, and this is of such mild alkalinity as to threaten no harm. The great claims made for the liberation of oxygen in the mouth and the effect so produced must be looked at askance ; even though the statements may be true to a certain extent theoretically, the effect produced in the mouth is problematic. The claims that the breath is purified are obviously false. The breath may be perfumed or sweetened, but bad breath coming from decaying teeth or lung trouble or indigestion is not purified by the use of any tooth paste, powder or wash, whatever it may 216 TOILET ARTICLES 217 contain. Some of the preparations are accom- panied by circulars ^ving laboratory reports and imposing pictures of microscopic slides, ** before and after using, ' ' showing the germicidal effect of the products in question. A laboratory experi- ment of this kind by no means parallels the con- ditions existing in the mouth and the conclusions drawn from such experiments are unwarranted. The ingredients of the several tooth powders and pastes indicated in the list do not pretend to be complete analyses, as often the ingredients are present in too small an amount to be distinguished by analysis. Only the general character of the product is indicated. The real function of a tooth paste or tooth pow- der is to assist the brush and water in thoroughly cleansing the tooth by friction. The antisepsis afforded is really secondary and there is room for a wide reform in regard to tooth pastes and tooth powders, as to the claims made in this respect, a point brought out at the recent meeting of the Na- tional Dentists' Association, by Dr. L. F. Kebler, Chief of the Division of Drugs, Department of Agriculture, who said : ** After learning of the beneficial inhibiting effects of the antiseptics on the activities of bacteria, it was nat- S18 1001 TESTS urally believed that there was the means by whicli the bacterial flora of the buccal cavity could be controlled or stayed, if not absolutely destroyed. Experiments, however, soon showed that it was impossible to sterilize the oral cavity or even to appreciably diminish the num- ber of bacteria without using the drugs in such strength as to make them intolerable, if not absolutely dangerous, either because of their disagreeable odor, and taste, or because of their effects upon the mucous membrane and their toxicity. ... It is a well recognized principle in bacteriology that the greater the dilution of a germicide, the longer the time of action necessary to destroy the bacteria, and vice versa. From the necessary dilution already considered, it is quite evident that none of these germicidal agents can avail much in sterilizing the mouth, and that antiseptics are of correspondingly little actual value.'' It is these extravagant and misleading claims which made it impossible to give the highest ap- proval to many of the good tooth powders listed. When a very excellent tooth powder containing more antiseptics than usual is said to **kill all germs/' ** prevent contagion and all disease," and ** cleanse as nothing else will do," we are obliged to disprove it, excellent as its composition may be, as we could not put our guarantee back of such misleading claims. TOILET ARTICLES 219 TESTED TOOTH POWDERS, PASTES, ETC. (Starred products (•) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products {D)j rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviil for details as to method of rating.) Allen Pharmacal Company, New York. -k Royal Tooth Powder. {Consists essentially of soap, calcium carhonate, and methyl salicylate. Claims as to preserving and hardening the gums mildly extravagant.) American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. (N) A. D. S. Peroxide Tooth Powder. {Chalk, soap, some form of solid peroxide, and flavoring agents. Claims to ''heal and harden the gums,'' ''remove all external discolor at ions," to he "a scientific comhiTiation of cleansing and anti- septic agents," "to leave the mouth in an anti- septic condition." Claims unwarranted.) (D) A. D. S. Peredixo Tooth Paste. A Peroxide Tooth Paste. {Use of word "Peredixo" to suggest peroxide. No peroxide whatever found; merely soap, chalk, glycerin, and flavoring agents. Claims to he a peroxide tooth paste, which will leave the mouth in a thoroughly aseptic and wholesome condition. Name and claims mis- leading.) Armour and Company, Chicago, 111. ik Luxor Tooth Paste. {Calcium carhonate and soap with menthol. A good antacid tooth 220 1001 TESTS paste, hut the claims that it *^ sweetens the breath/' ^^ hardens the gums/' and is ^* anti- septic'' are somewhat overdrawn.) Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y. 1^ Ribbon Dental Cream. {Menthol, soap, calcium carbonate, benzoic acid, wintergreen, probably glycerin. '' Purifying the breath/' a mislead- ing claim, is to be withdrawn. Dentacura Company, Newark, N. J. (N) Dentacura. {A good preparation containing soap, calcium carbonate, methyl salicylate, msnthol, eucalyptol, boric acid, etc. No thymol could be detected in the finished product though it is said to be added. Former impossible claims such as ^' hills all germs/' ** prevents contagion/' etc., withdrawn.) Hall and Ruckel, New York, N. Y. (N) Sozodont Tooth Paste. (Soap, calcium carbon- ate, eosin (coloring), oU of cinnamon, and menthol. A good tooth paste but the claims that it is the '^embodiment of ideas of famous chemists/' '^ hardens the gums/' etc., are not warranted by its simple composition.) (N) Van Buskirk's Sozodont Antiseptic Tooth Paste. (Essentially soap, calcium carbonate, menthol, methyl salicylate and salicylic acid. Claims that it '* hardens the gums/' *' tones and ster- ilizes the mouth/' extravagant; other state- ments m/)derate.) TOILET ARTICLES ^21 Kolynos Company, New Haven, Conn. (N) Kolynos. {A good preparation contaming chalk, alcohol, soap, glycerine and small amounts of other antiseptics such as benzoic acid, and es- sential oils. Overburdened with extravagant claims such as '^disease preventer,*' ''destroys germs of diphtheria and pneumonia in less than one minute,*' etc., ''sterilizes the mouth to de- gree heretofore believed impossible,'* etc.) Lavoris Chemical Company, Minneapolis, Minn. (D) Lavoris. (A mouth wash containing zinc chlo- ride, menthol, oil of cassia and alcohol, as its pri7icipal ingredients. Formaldehyde claimed, none found; statements made as to its germici- dal and healing properties greatly exagger- ated.) Lehn and Fink, New York, N. Y. * Pebeeo Tooth Paste. {Differs from most tooth pastes in containing potassium chlorate, harm- less in quantities in which it is present but of problematic efficiency. Other important ingre- dients are: calcium carbonate, soap, methyl sa- licylate, and menthol. Former extravagant claims as to efficiency in relief of disease, anti- septic value, etc., have been moderated or with- drawn.) Lyon, I. W., and Sons, 520 West 27th Street, New York. (N) Perfect Tooth Powder. {Essentially soap, cal- 9.22 1001 TESTS cium carbonate, and methyl salicylate. Does not really ^* purify the breath" as claimed.) McKesson and Robbins, New York, N. Y. (N) Calox, The Oxygen Tooth Powder. (Contains peroxide, menthol, methyl salicylate and cal- cium carbonate. Does liberate some active oxy- gen in the mouth but the efficacy of this ingre- dient is greatly over estimated.) P}^:© Chemical Company, 1212 Saratoga Street, Balti- more, Md. (D) Pyrodento. (An alkaline liquid, containing 5 per cent, of alcohol, as declared, with sodium bicar- bonate, egg albumen, boric acid, glycerin, and small amount of formaldehyde, and the oils of cinnamon, spearmint and peppermint. No po- tassium permanganate coidd be detected, though it is claimed in the formula, and if added, is present in too small amounts to be detected or to be of any practical value. Claims that ^^It destroys bacteria, thus acting as a prophylactic to all diseases of the oral cavity,'^ ^^ hardens the gums," and is ^^ especially recommended for pyorrhea," not warranted.) (D) Pyrodento Creme Paste. {Consists essentially of calcium and magnesium carbonates, fixed oil, boric acid, glycerin, egg albumen, a trace of formaldehyde, sodium carbonate, oils of spear- mint, peppermint, and cinnamon. No soap, gelatin or starch present. No potassium per- TOILET ARTICLES manganate detected. Could not sterilize ^'at the mouth/' and its usefulness in the treatment of pyorrhea, stomatitis, chronic ulcerations, etc., problematic.) Sanitol Chemical Laboratory Company, St. Louis, Mo. ic Sanitol Tooth Paste. {Contains calcium carbon- ate, soap, methyl salicylate, and menthol. Claims ^'the most effective cream known to the dentist,'^ *^of lasting benefit to teeth and gums," obviously exaggerated.) Sheffield Dentrifice Company, New York City, N. Y. (N) Dental Cream. {Essentially sassafras, menthol, soap, calcium carbonate, eosin {coloring) and oil of cinnamon. Over weighted with such claims as the following: ^^ Coats the teeth with an alkaline film that protects them for hours"; ^^neutralizes all acids of the mouth," ^'best in the world," etc.) United Drug Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Rexall Tooth Powder. {Essentially soap, cal- cium carbonate, methyl salicylate and thymol. Claims to remove usual cause of decayed teeth and fetid breath. This could not possibly be true, as decaying teeth and bad breath in many cases have deep systemic causes which a tooth powder could not reach. Statement true only in a most general way in so far as it keeps the teeth clean.) XIX APPENDIX CLASSIFIED PRODUCTS EXAMINED DURING 1914-1915 I. BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. General Chemical Co., New York City. * Ryzon Baking Powder. {A very efficient y phos- phate powder (15 per cent, of carbon dioxid). Contains monosodium phosphate, instead of acid calcium phosphate. An efficient powder, leav^ ing only a residue of sodium phosphate, which does not, however, restore to the tread the typ^ of phosphate removed in making white flour,) Southern Manufacturing Co., Richmond, Va. * Princine Baking Powder. {A good powder of the phosphate type. Well labeled but claims of superiority and purity in descriptive literature exaggerated.) 225 II. BEVERAGES CHOCOLATES Blocker, J. and C, Amsterdam, Holland (46 Hudson Street, New York City). lAr Grand Brand Cocoa. {A typical Dutch cocoa con- taining about 3.5 of mineral ingredients added to assist in holding the cocoa in suspension, and frankly declared on label. Contained less fat than the Daalder^s Brand {p. 8), sold for a lower price. Quality however is good.) Croft and Allen Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (N) Croft's Breakfast Cocoa. {Fat rather low (about 20 per cent.) and ash high indicating either an alkali treated product or one that is not care^ fully cleaned. Claim ^^ fatty part of cocoa re- moved'^ is inaccurate and meaningless. Half of the fat is always removed in making cocoa — to remove too much makes an inferior quality and all of it is never removed.) (D) Swiss Milk Cocoa. (Almost no milk or else it is skimmed milk, as fat and Reichert Meissl num- ber are very low. Also mineral ingredients are high indicating an alkali treated cocoa or an impure article — probably the former as '^ Swiss Process'^ is claimed.) 226 BEVERAGES 227 Merrell-Soule Co., Syracuse, New York. (D) Milcoco. (About 64 per cent, sugars with dried shim milk and a very small amount of cocoa. Almost no fat found and therefore not entitled to the name of ''milk'' or ''cocoa'' without any explanatory labeling.) Pickman, P. G., and Bros., New York City. (D) Liquid chocolate. (Milk soured— Claim "Keeps indefinitely in any climate," obviously not cor- rect. Better to mix one's own condensed milk and chocolate.) COFFEE AND TEA Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Co., St. Louis, Mo. * Faust Coffee. {Extravagant quality claims.) Bout Co., Toledo, Ohio. * Old Master Coffee. * Royal Garden Tea. * San Marto Coffee. Cel-Co Manufacturing Co., Campfield, Kansas. (N) Cel-Co Coffee Substitute. (The icsual mixture of grains, treated with molasses and roasted and ground. Harmless hut in no sense a true sub- stitute for coffee.) Figprune Cereal Co., San Jose, Calif. (N) Figprune. (A cereal beverage containing dried roasted figs and probably prunes mixed with ground roasted grains. A grain rather than a fruit mixture as name would signify. Claims too strong.) Hammer, C, 352 West llTth Street, New York City. (N) Hammer's Concentrated Coffee. {Concentration and economy claims not warranted — only about 8 per cent, of total solids. Such products al- ways loch the fine flavor and odor of real cof- fee.) 228 BEVERAGES 229 Kaffee Hag Corporation, 225 Fifth Avenue, New York City. * Kaffee Hag. {Coffee heans from which 95 per cent, of the caffein has heen extracted without affecting flavor materially. Claims **All of the delights — none of the regrets" '^A perfect cof- fee," hardly accurate as caffei/n however injuri- ous, is one of the characteristic ingredients of coffee.) Kellogg, W. K., Battle Creek, Mich. (N) Drinket. {A harmless beverage, essentially a mix- ture of roasted cereals. Contains apparently considerable hran and some sugar. Compari- sons with coffee not warranted.) Lipton*s, London, New York, Chicago. * Lipton's Gossip Blend Caffee-Klatsch Coffee. "lAr Lipton^s Yellow Label Blend Coffee. {Superlative claims as the ** choicest and most carefully selected" coffees objectionable.) Mexican Products Co., New York City. (D) Mexican Coffee Tablets. {A ground coffee com- pressed into a square cake. Quality is good but claims that the beverage will be *^ practically free from caffetannic acid" and that the ^^most delicate persons" *^even after prolonged and constant use" will suffer no HI effects, are mis- leading as 1.4 per cent, of caffein was found.) 1001 TESTS Monroe Co., Quincy, 111. * Monco. {A cereal beverage containing chicory which is declared on label. All nutritive claims and objectionable over-emphasized comparisons have been withdrawn.) Peek Bros, and Winch, New York City. * Ceylon, Indian Blend Tea. Ridgeway House, King William Street, London, Eng. * Ridgeway 's Tea. Her Majesty's Blend. Schorn and Brower, 548 West 46tli St., New York City. "^ Coffee. {Good product but quality claims are ex- treme and not susceptible of proof — ^^ Highest grade of private plantation coffee produced/') Tebbetts and Garland Store, Chicago, 111. * Vilosa Coffee. (A very good Java and Mocha mixture. Claim ^^ World's Most Satisfying Coffee' ' objectionable as any similar mixture would be just as good.) SOFT DRINKS, TONICS, AND MEDICATED BEVERAGES Bear Lithia Spring Co., New York City. * Ginger Ale, Bliseo Aromatic. {Ginger oils and resins found; also capsicum which should he declared.) Doane, Nathaniel, Harwiehport, Mass. (N) Doane 's Cranberry Juice. (Flavor not distinc- tive, about 30 per cent, of sugar added. Should he labeled ^^ Sweetened Cranberry juice." Claim ^^ Brings that rosy bloom of youth" of course meaningless unless externally applied.) Grape Ola Co., New York City. * Grape Ola. {A true concentrated grape juice — some sugar added and declared, hut is all in- verted hy acids of the grape.) HofF, Johann, Berlin-Hamburg, Germany (Eisner-Men- delson Co., Agents). (D) Hoff's Chocolate with Malt Extract and Iron. {Almost one-half sugar, not mentioned. Amount of malt extract very small as indicated hy nitrogen content. Amount of iron fair (0.12) . Claims made as to its use in the various diseases of childhood and its application in ad- ministering iron, are untenable.) 231 232 1001 TESTS Honolulu Fruit Products Co., San Francisco, Cal. * Clark's Pineapple Juice. {A good straight pine- apple juice, but slightly short weight and claim- ing ^ ^ medicinal' ^ qualities that are decidedly problematic, though this is a most wholesome product.) McMurdo, A. E., Charlottesville, Ya. * Monticello Grape Juice. Oregon Fruit Juice Co., Salem, Ore. * Loganberry juice, Pheasant Brand. Pabst Brewing Co., Milwaukee, Wis. (N)Pabst Extract, The ''Best'' Tonic. (Alcoholic content equal to that of a beer — about 4 per cent, and total solids lower than in other first class malt extracts. Claims too broad especially in view of composition.) Randall Grape Juice Co., Kipley, N. Y. (N) Grape Juice. {The grape solids are rather low and the cane sugar rather high. Data indicate either inferior grapes or watered product. Not unwholesome but not of highest quality as com- pared with other bramds.) Smith, J. Hungerford, Grape Juice Co., Rochester, N. Y. * Royal Purple Grape Juice. Tropical Fruit Juice Co., Chicago, 111. (N) Grape Smash Syrup. {Not a true grape juice; a syrup flavored with a product made from grapes and colored with a vegetable dye. Arti- ficially acidulated.) ni. BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. Bennett, F. H., Biscuit Co., New York City. (N) Wheatsworth Whole Wheat Biscuit. (A true whole wheat biscuit containing however 17 per cent, of sugar which should he declared on the label, as these products are largely used by small children and invalids and the sugar makes them much less desirable in my opinion for such use.) Hoenshell and Emery, Lincoln, Neb. * Royal Black Fruit Cake. (Excellent quality but short weight, about 3 ounces on a 2 lb. package. Sample a year old and shortage due largely to loss of moisture — marked ^*net weight when packed'^ but this is not satisfactory.) Johnson Educator Food Co., Boston, Mass. * Educator Water Crackers. (^^ Entire wheat '^ only in the commercial sense. Good protein content and about one per cent, of ash, showing that nearly half of the bran was removed. Contains over twice as much of the mineral ingredients as white flour however, and only ^^ entire wheat flavor' ' is claimed.) Loose- Wiles Biscuit Co., New York City. * Sunshine Golden Flakes. 233 ^S4f 1001 TESTS Mansfield Laboratories, Inc., Mansfield, Mass. * Agar Agar Crackers. (A whole wheat cracker con- taining some agar agar as claimed.) National Biscuit Co., New York City. * Anola. * Cheese Tid Bit. * Snaparoons. {Not a ^'macaroon'' as the name might suggest.) (N) Zwieback. {A thoroughly hahed, crisp Nscuit — special value for children, invalids, etc., lies in double taking, not in composition. Contains 18 per cent, of reducing sugars which should he mentioned on label. Statements that these bis- cuit are the ''best food" for invalids — ''has no equal" — helps to "digest miW are extrava- gant.) IV. CANDIES American Candy Co., Milwaukee, Wis. (N) Milady of Quality Chocolates. (32 per cent, of glucose in cream fillings too much for ^ Equality" candies selling at a dollar a pound.) Baker, Walter, and Co., * Sweet chocolate. {About 60 per cent, cane sugar but chocolate present is of fine quality as shown by fat content.) Brewster Cocoa Mfg. Co., Jersey City, N. J. * Almond Milk Chocolate (sweet). {Amount of milk is small — added mineral ingredients to ex- tent of 1 per cent, declared on label probably used to give smoothness that should result from the addition of more milk. No standard for these products and as this is honestly labeled and is ^^A pleasing and wholesome confection" the star rating is given though it is not equal to some other milk chocolates in quality.) ic Milk Chocolate. {Same comments as for the al- mond milk chocolate — labeling not so good in this case — no mention of sugar or of mineral ingredients on small package.) * Peanut Milk Chocolate. {Same comment as on the almond milk chocolate, probably butter and a very small amount of milk used.) 235 236 1001 TESTS Bunte Brothers, Chicago, 111. (N) Candy. (Pleasantly flavored hard candies hut consisting of nearly one-third glucose and col- ored with permitted coal tar dyes.) (N) Happy Heme Candies. (Hard colored candies with soft centers. Harmless hut contain an un- necessarily large proportion of glucose, i, e., 35 to 40 per cent.) Gallanis Brothers, Chicago, 111. * Temptation Chocolates. Johnstons, Milwaukee, Wis. * Triad Chocolates. Kibbe Brothers Co., Springfield, Mass. * Kibbe Candy. *'New Kings.'' {Sugar, molasses and peanut hutter as claimed; a very minute amount of sulphur dioxid present due to the molasses (20 parts per million, 350 permitted hy regulation).) Lowney, Walter M., Co., Boston, Mass. * Chocolates, Date Filling. * Chocolate Marshmallows. {Ahout 20 per cent, glu- cose — permissible in this type of candy. Price high — one dollar a pound for a product one- fifth glucose.) (N) Chocolate caramels. {Ahout 40 per cent, glucose found. More than our standard permits espe- cially at one dollar a pound, though some glu- cose is permissible in caramels for its physical properties.) CANDIES 237 * Crest Chocolates, Lemon. (N) Crest Chocolates, Maple. {Nearly 20 per cent, of glucose found in the cream which exceeds the amount permitted hy our standard, especially for a dollar a pound candy.) * Crest Chocolates, Strawberry. (Good quality, only 10 per cent, of glucose i% creams, statement made in advertising that the fillings of Crest Chocolates are made of pure rich cream and but- ter is misleading as only a very minute amount of butter fat was found and glucose is not men- tioned.) * Crest Chocolates, Vanilla. * Delecto Chocolates. Maillard, H., New York City. ik Chocolate After Dinner Mints. (Excellent quality containing only about 14 per cent, of glucose in the cream, and proving lack of necessity for any more glucose in this type of candy. Price rather high, considering this addition; 50 cents a pound. ) Monte Candy Shop, Menomonie, Wis. * Monte Fudge Chocolates. (Excellent quality; only about 5 per cent, of glucose and high in fat (12 per cent.), showing use of cream or butter.) National Wafer Co., Boston, Mass. * Winter green Nawaco Wafers. Package Confectionery Co., Boston, Mass. k Surprise Wafers — Assorted. (A cheap harmless ^38 1001 TESTS wafer containing about 88 per cent, of sugar and less than 5 per cent, of glucose.) (N) Surprise Wafers — Chocolate. (A good wafer al- most pure sugar {about 93 per cent.) but not enough chocolate to warrant name, none could be found; really flavored with winter green.) Park and Tilford, New York City. (N) Juvenile Candies. {Good candies in an attrac- tive, sanitary package but no special claim to '^purity and excellence.^' Coal tar dyes not es- pecially desirable ^^for the kiddies'' even if a permitted dye is used, and content of glucose was high for this type of candy, about 22 per cent.). Societe Alsacienne D*Alimentation, Strasbourg, Ger- many. * Peppermint Loriot. Stern and Saalberg, 416 45th Street, New York City. (N) Chocolate Tootsie Rolls. {About 40 per cent, glucose and 48 per cent, of sugar. Not enough chocolate to give a characteristic flavor or to warrant name.) Westmoreland Candy Co., Richmond, Va. * Peconut Crisp. {Extremely small amount of sul- phur dioxid found, 67 parts per million, due to molasses used and 13 per cent, of glucose. A good cheap candy.) V. CANNED GOODS FRUITS Cape Cod Specialty Co., North Truro, Mass. (N) Cape Cod Peaches— Halves. {Not of first class quality hut wholesome. Soft, and not of good appearance.) Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. 1^ Apricots. * Royal Anne Cherries {Excellent quality, large cherries and net weight correct hut amount of liquid in relation to solids is too large — what we call *^ slack weight/') * Egg Plums. Rheinstorm Brothers, Cincinnati, 0. (N) Rosebud Cherries. {Lahel honestly declares prod- uct to he artificially flavored and colored with a permitted coal tar dye. While not fraudulent, the product has little or no flavor except sweet- ness, though it is practically an imitation Ma- raschino cherry, and is not of ^^star^' quality.) Sprague- Warner Co., Chicago, 111. * Richelieu Sliced Lemon Cling Peaches. {Can not determine whether this is a true '^ Lemon Cling'' or not; douhtfid as few are now canned. A good product, however.) 239 MILK PRODUCTS, INFANTS^ FOODS, ETC. Bernese Alps Milk Co., Emmenthal, Switzerland. * Swiss Milk — Bear Brand, Sweetened Condensed. (41 per cent, of sugar hut containing more fat and milk solids than our domestic milks (9 per cent, fat, 33.3 milk solids). Directions for in- fant feeding not approved (schedule given — no extreme claims).) Brook's Barley Co., Boston, Mass. * Brook's Baby Barley. {Protein content good hut decidedly low in mineral ingredients ; not the whole grain. A good product for infants and invalids. ) Deutsche Milchwerke, Germany; Stendorf Food Com- pany, New York City ; Agent Louis Hoos, Chi- cago. (D) Biedert's Ramogen. {Claims to he ^^ a sterile milk conserve hrought to the highest standard of perfection.^' Apparently a sweetened hutter. An unhalanced ration for infant feeding; fat and sugar too high. Claims extravagant: **Ilas gained the leadership over all other in- fants' foods solely on its merits.") Glaxo Co., 88 Graceehurch Street, London, E. C, Eng- land. 240 CANNED GOODS ^41 * Glaxo. {A good, dried, whole milk containing a proper amount of fat. Most of the dried milks examined have been skimmed milk only. An excellent food for babies when fresh milk can not be obtained. Fancy name and secrecy as to composition objectionable,) Lapp and Co., Fribourg, Switzerland. (N) Swiss Condensed Milk. {A good product as far as fat content and milk solids are concerned, but can was not sanitary and contents were not in perfect condition. Special recommendations for infant feeding objectionable since product contains 40 per cent, of sugar.) Taroena Food Co., Honolulu, Hawaii. (D) Taroena. *'A nature made food for infants, in- valids, and dyspeptics." {Probably a true tare starch product, good in itself but claims made as to its digestive powers, and wonderful value as a special food for infants, etc., are untenable. Is not a ^^ nerve and brain food*^ nor does it con- tain ''a greater amount of nutrition than awy other food J') SOUPS, EXTRACTS, BOUILLON CUBES, ETC. Beale, W. C, Fish Co., Eastport, Me. (N) Bisque of Lobster. (Product not well adapted to merchandizing in this form. Not unwholesome hut of dubious quality and safety.) * Clam Bouillon. * Clams in Bouillon. * Clam Chowder. {In glass; relative amount of po- tato rather large,) Beardsley's Sons, J. W., New York City. (N) Vegex Bouillon Cubes. {A yeast product, about the same value as meat cubes. Less protein than the Vegex paste and over half salt. Not nutri- tious but useful for flavoring and stimulative value. Properly labeled but booklet still carries misleading statements as to uses and value es- pecially as compared with meat products. In process of revision.) Burnham and Morrill, Portland, Me. * Clam Chowder. * Clam Juice. Campbell, Joseph, Co., Camden, N. J. * Vermicelli Tomato Soup. Heinz, H. J., Co., Pittsburg, Pa. ■^ Cream of Celery Soup. (While starch has been added as a thickener, the amount of fat found (nearly 7 per cent.) indicates addition of but- ter or cream, giving right to name. Flavor ex- cellent.) :Ar Cream of Green Peas Soup. 242 VEGETABLES Burnham and Morrill, Portland, Me. (N) Pork and beans. {Too little pork and too much moisture for haked ieans — '^Original New Eng- land StyW would imply taking.) * Cranberry sauce. (N) Paris Succotash. {Made with green corn and dried lima beans. So labeled but paying for the canning of dried beans is hardly economic nor is the quality equal to the canned fresh product, (D) Lima Beans. {Only a very small type statement is made that these are ^^ cooked dried lima beans'' and a picture of green beans in the pod is on label. Department calls for the label ^^ Soaked dried lima beans" as the dried beans themselves are a distinct product.) * Paris Sugar Corn. {A good product but neither so sweet nor so tender as claims woidd lead one to expect.) Cape Cod Products Co., North Truro, Mass. * Cape Cod Small Beets. Cape Cod Specialty Co., North Truro, Mass. * Cape Cod Tomatoes. 243 U4i 1001 TESTS Cresca Co., New York City. * La Rochambeau Cresca Peas. {High priced and slightly short weight hut relative amount of liquid was very low. Excellent quality.) Dry Milk Co., New York City. (N) Cremora. (About 5 per cent, of the fat had been removed — figures do not even indicate a whole milk and name would lead one to believe it to be cream. Can not approve although statement is made on the label that the product contains '^all or part of the cream according to grade desired.^' Should be all cream to warrant name.) (N) Diet Milk. {Again a portion of the fat has been removed leaving a product not correctly pro- portioned for infant feeding — less than half of the fat of whole milk found. Reflections on cow's milk not warranted. Why pay 50 cents a pound for a skimmed milk product and then '*add cream' ' as suggested? Not perfectly ster- ilized.) (N) Kindolac. {This is a partially skimmed milk, as is declared on the label. The protein and the fats are not present in correct proportion and such a product could not be approved for in- fant feeding.) Emmart Packing Co., Chicago, 111. * Emmart 's Hominy (Tin). {A pearled hominy from which germ and bran have been largely removed. Protein content rather low. A good CANNED GOODS 245 product of its kind, hut not economic to buy hominy in this form when it can he pur- chased in dry form and cooked in the home kitchen.) iic Emmart's Hominy (Glass Jar). {Same comment — even more expensive in glass than in tin.) Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburg, Pa. "1^ Kidney Beans. * Pork and Beans — without tomato sauce. Oven baked, Boston style. Keen, Robinson, and Co., London, Eng. * Robinson's Patent Barley. {Sugar partly con- verted into maltose; excellent in the sick room and for infants in case of howel trouble, but its recommendation for the nutrition of infants in general and under normal conditions is de- cidedly questionable.) Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. * Mexican Style Chili Con Came with Beans. Marshall Canning Co., Marshalltown, la. * Milk Hominy, Dairy Maid Brand. {Milk diluted about one-half by water in processing.) Snider, T. A., Preserve Co., Cincinnati, 0. * Pork and beans with tomato sauce. Sprague Warner and Co., Chicago, 111. * Peas, Richelieu Brand. {Slightly slack fill but ex- cellent quality.) VL CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS BREAKFAST FOODS Cerag Co., Red Bank, N. J. * Cerag Cereal. {Declared composition, 25 per cent, agar and bran, with 75 per cent, of whole wheat and barley malt partly dextrinized, is substantially confirmed. Amount of agar is rather small, and only a small part of the starch is dextrinized, '^Permanent relief from chronic constipation*^ could not be guaranteed in all cases. This would depend on the cause, but product is an excellent one for combating or preventing this condition.) Dad's Breakfast Food Co., Watertown, N. Y. (N) Dad's Breakfast Food. (About 20 per cent, wheat bran and 80 per cent. corn. A good mixture but extravagant claims and mysterious references to a ^^ product of wheat of great medicinal value" are hardly warranted. Neither is corn as good a *^body builder*^ as whole wheat.) Great Valley Mills, Paoli, Pa. * Cracked Oats. {Slightly short iveight hut ap- 246 CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS S47 proved on extra quality; high in protein, hulled.) * Cracked Wheat. {Not so high in either protein or ash as a first class hard winter wheat, hut a good standard product.) Malted Cereals Co., Burlington, Vt. * Malt Breakfast Food. A Compound of Wheat and Malt. {A good cracked wheat product with a small amount of malt, about 10 per cent. Not a malted cereal hut a compound as suhlahel in- dicates. Should he named after the most im- portant ingredient. High in protein and a good product hut technically mishranded.) Purity Oats Co., Davenport, la. * Purity Rolled Oats. (Analysis shows an average sample of hulled oats. No hetter than other standard hrands.) Quaker Oats Co., Chicago, 111. * Quaker Corn PuJffs. (A degerminated decorti- cated corn product. Not as wholesome as whole corn meal and high priced even when special process is considered — at the rate of about $16 a bushel for corn worth 80 cents. Now full weight — a technical improvement only as less weight is claimed than formerly at the same price.) Scott, A. and R., Colinton, Midlothian, Scotland. (D) Scott's Porage Oats. (An oatmeal containing 248 1001 TESTS only a minimum amount of protein and ash and claiming that it is *^mare delicious and more nourishing than any hind of oatmeal or rolled oats/' etc.) FLOURS, MEALS, AND BRANS Ballard and Ballard Co., Louisville, Ky. * Obelisk Sanitary Edible Bran. * Obelisk Whole Wheat Graham Flour. Economy Food Products Co., Cambridge, Mass. * Priscilla Prepared Doughnut Flour. {Doubt the *^ economy'' of such mixtures but general com- position was good.) Franklin Mills Co., Rockport, N. Y. * Franklin Pancake Flour. {One of the best self rising products. A good straight wheat flour, not a mixture, with a reasonable amount of good cream of tartar, soda and salt added. Claims slightly extreme — is not a true ^^ whole wheat," but is a commercial ^^ entire wheat'' with only part of the bran removed.) Great Valley Mills, Paoli, Pa. * Com Meal, White. * Com Meal, Yellow. {Whole grains, not degerminated. Over 4 per cent, of fat.) (N) Graham Flour. {Not a true graham as 10 per cent, of the bran and middlings have been re- moved as stated in the circular. A true graham contains practically all the bran and about 1.8 of mineral ingredients. This flour has only 1 249 250 1001 TESTS per cent. A good product intermediate hetween a patent and a graham hut inaccurately la- beled.) "A Rice, Brown. (1.18 of mineral ingredients, show- ing that the rice is the whole grain, unpolished.) * Rye Flour. {A true rye meal, rather than a flour.) * Whole Wheat Flour. (A true whole wheat or gra- ham; 1.5 per cent, of mineral ingredients and 12 per cent, of protein.) Hecker Cereal Co., New York City. * Hecker 's Superlative Self Raising Flour. {A straight wheat flour with a moderate amount of phosphate baking powder and a little salt added, A good product of its kind with unwarranted economy claims. About one cent a pound pre- mium paid for the convenience of having the ingredients mixed ready to use.) Hills, Wm. S., Co., Boston, Mass. (N) White Puff Flour. {A typical cake and pastry flour, containing less protein and less gluten than a regular bread flour and therefore giving less nutrition but a more delicate and tender product. Contains a small amount of nitrites which would indicate either very light bleach- ing or contamination by absorption during stor- age.) H. O. Company, Buffalo, N. Y. * Buckwheat Pancake Flour. (One of the typical self -rising mixtures, mostly corn meal and buck- CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 251 wheat with a small amount of wheat and con- tains decidedly more haking powder than home recipes call for — presumably added in excess to ensure good results under any and all condi- tions. Note that hucJcwheat and corn should he cheaper than straight wheat, hut such is not the case — honestly laheled in the main and con- venient hut not economical.) Kellogg Food Co., Battle Creek, Mich. * Sterilized Wheat Bran. Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Co., Battle Creek, Mich. * Toasted Bran Flakes. {An excellent hran product hut the addition of ahout 5 per cent, of sugar without declaration on the label is ohjection- ahle.) Koiner Mills, Richmond, Va. * Virginia Com Meal. (A true whole corn meal, not degerminated and of excellent quality.) Listman Mill Co., La Crosse, Wis. * Marvel Flour. {A very good patent flour show- ing however traces of nitrites, and therefore is not '^ absolutely pure.'* Extravagant claims absurd — no better than any first class patent.) Pieser Livingston Co., Chicago, 111. * Uncle Jerry Pancake Flour. (As usual in self ris- ing mixtures the amount of haking powder added is more than would he necessary in home mixing. This product has the special virtue that the percentages of different flours present ^52 1001 TESTS erre accurately declared on the label. Slightly short weight and not economic, hut convenient and makes a good pancake.) Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Minneapolis, Minn. * Pillsbury 's Health Bran. (Claims somewhat ex- treme, hut a good hran product for comhating constipation.) Washburn-Crosby Company, Minneapolis, Minn. * Wheat-a-Laxa. (One of the very hest whole wheats examined — has 14 per cent, of protein and 1.88 of ash, conforming to theoretical data for a fine quality hard wheat, ground whole.) SPAGHETTI AND ]\iACARONI Skinner Manufacturing Co., Omaha, Neb. * Alphabetos. (See Macaroni.) ^ Egg Noodles. {These are true egg noodles, un- colored.) ik Macaroni. {A very good product containing about 13 per cent, of protein and 0.7 per cent, of min- eral ingredients. Not ^^the hesf as claimed and not the whole wheat, but nearly half of the bran is retained.) * Spaghetti. (See Macaroni.) Uncle Sam's Macaroni Co., Tecumseh, Mich. * Spaghetti. 253 VII. CONDIMENTS Anderson, J. H., and Co., Philadelphia, Pa. * Anderco Onion Sauce. {Color deepened hy burnt sugar (caramel), harmless hut may give a de- ceptive idea as to strength.) iic Worcestershire Sauce, Anderco Brand. (Some question as whether the name and style of label might mislead as to origin and identity of prod- uct, but is of the Worcestershire type, and technically is correctly labeled.) Crosse and Blackwell, London, Eng. (N) Anchovy Sauce. (Colored apparently with iron oxid; claims extreme.) * Bengal Club Chutney. (D) Genuine China Soy. (Nitrogen too low and sugars too high for a true soy bean product; had the appearance of molasses.) (N) Mushroom Sauce. (No distinctive flavor; harm- less but of dubious quality and authenticity. Should contain enough mushroom to give it char- acter,) (N) Walnut Catsup. (No distinctive flavor — mediocre quality,) 254 CONDIMENTS 255 Heinz, H. J., Co., Pittsburg, Pa. * India Relish. {Objection to name as product is not from India and is not especially typical of Indian products except that it contains a small amount of curry.) * Prepared Mustard. Leggett, Francis H., and Co., New York City. * Premier Salad Dressing. (A good product con- taining egg and over 50 per cent, of oil, which however is entirely or partly cottonseed oil and should he declared as such on the label.) Lester, Francis E., Co., Mesilla Park, N. M. (N) Mexican Ground Chili. {Extravagant digestional claims and unwarranted reflections on the injuri- ousness of other spices. Contained only about half the non-volatile ether extract, found in these products usually. Either naturally in- ferior, or only a part of the chillies was ground.) Morton Salt Co., Chicago, 111. * Morton's Free Running Salt. {A salt to which a ^ ^ drier '^ has been added in the form of 1 per cent, of calcium phosphate {declared on the la- hel), to prevent ^^ caking.'') National Onion Salt Co., Chicago, 111. * Nosco Celery Seasoning. {Impregnating the salt (48 per cent, of product) with the celery oil 256 1001 TESTS adds materially to the cost of the product hut even considering this over $2 a pound for a salt seems high.) Nosco Garlic Seasoning. (A rather expensive con- venience at 15 cents for 1.8 ounces when salt is 15 cents for 16 ounces and this is merely 87 per cent, salt impregnated with garlic.) VIIL DESSERTS Allredie Pure Food Co., Boston, Mass. (N) Allredie Brand Plum Pudding. {Merely a mioc- ture of ground cereals, whole raisins and spices — not a prepared plum pudding,) Burrell Products Co., Newark, N. J. (N) Ready Mixt Custard Pudding. {Product appears to be about three-fourths starch, sugar, and a lit- tle glucose. Only a minute amount of fat pres- ent but analysis would indicate that some egg albumen and dried milk preparations were used to substantiate at least technically the right to the name *^ custard,'^ Harmless and conven- ient, but not either of high quality nor economic considering the food value as compared with the home made mixture.) (N) Ready Mixt Icing and Filling. {About 90 per cent, of sugar and 4 per cent, of glucose and a very small amount of egg. A good product of its kind hut not cheap even at 10 cents for 6 ounces. Convenient and harmless but not eco- nomic nor a '^food of the highest quality'* as claimed.) Beale, W. C, Fish Co., Eastport, Me. * English Plum Pudding. 257 258 1001 TESTS Cream Whip Co., Cleveland, Ohio. (N) Cream Whip. (Essentially a viscogen product (calcium sucrate or lactate) the use of which enables a thin cream (14%) to masquerade as a superior product, a heavy cream containing about 30 per cent, of fat being desirable for whipping ordinarily. Not harmful, and might be used by the housewife in emergencies, hut not to be recommended for general use as it lends itself too readily to fraudulent purposes to be approved.) Curtis, Emma E., Melrose, Mass. (N) Snowflake Marshmallow Creme. (Glucose, gum, and sugar, essentially. Not a ^' creme'' in any true sense of the word but is of characteristic marshmallow composition. Not an ^'acceptable substitute for cream,'' even when thinned with milk as suggested, either as to nutritive value or deliciousness. Harmless but not of star qual- ity.) Fruit Puddine Co., Baltimore, Md. (D) Puddine — Almond. (No flavor distinguishable — no weight declared. Cost double the price of plain cornstarch.) (N) Puddine, Chocolate flavored. (Hardly '^ choco- late" — rather cocoa and very little of that.) (D) Puddine, Cream Vanilla Flavored. (Notice of Judgment 3329 condemned this product on the DESSERTS 259 ground that artificial flavor was used while term "fruit flavored' ' indicated genuine flavors.) (D) Puddine — Lemon Flavored. {A minute amount of coal tar dye, probably one of the permitted colors {Naphthol Yellow S). Flavor could not be identified; not probable that it is a true fruit fla/vor.) (D) Puddine — Orange. {A small amount of coal tar dye, probably a permitted color {Naphthol Yel- low S.), Flavor not at all distinctive; not prob- able that it is a true "fruit" flavor, though harmless.) (D) Puddine — Rex Vanilla. {These products are all harmless but consist of cornstarch with a little rather indifferent flavoring material. Price high at 9 cents for 6 ounces considering quality. Why not buy cornstarch straight at 10 cents for 16 ounces and add your own good flavoring "i) Hamilton, S. C, Ann Arbor, Mich. (N) Creme Fouette. {The usual preparation of su- crate of lime, to assist in the whipping of thin cream or rich milk, thus enabling it to masquer- ade as a richer product. Not injurious but lends itself to fraud and might do injury by making it possible to keep whipped cream for too long periods without proper refrigeration.) Hoenshel and Emery, Lincoln, Nebraska. * Old English Plum Pudding. {Name slightly ob- ^0 1001 TESTS jectionahlef and no net weight declared on the package as is now required. Good quality.) Hills Bros. Co., New York City. * Dromedary Cocoanut. (About one-third sugar — hoth glycerin and sugar declared on label.) Knox, Chas. B., Co., Montreal, Canada, and Johnstown, New York. i^ Acidulated Gelatine. (Citric acid is offered in a separate package — not mixed with the gelatine which is of good quality except for the small amount of sulphur dioxid present, found in nearly all gelatines. We are not in favor of substituting citric acid for fresh lemon juice. Citric acid is less wholesome and the housekeeper should use fresh lemon juice.) * Plain Sparkling Gelatine. "Lady Betty," Brookline, Mass. * Lady Betty Mince Meat. Parmelee Manufacturing Co., Buffalo, N. Y. (N) Eg-Save. (Accurately labeled as containing starch, casein, egg albumen, carbonate of soda and a vegetable dye — but can ^^save eggs'' only at the sacrifice of nutrition and quality and could not be considered a *'star" product in any sense. Obviously colored to conceal inferiority and simulate egg yolk which is not present.) Raffeto, G. B., New York City. * French Marrons. (About 8 per cent, of glucose in syrup, presence declared on label.) DESSERTS 261 Smith, B. D., Newark, N. J. (N) Shure-Whip. (Essentially sucrate of lime. Harmless but easily adapted to the perpetration of fraud if used in hotels, etc., for thickening thin milk or poor cream for sale. Might he per- missible for occasional use by the housewife in an emergency only.) Three Miller's Co., Boston, Mass. (N) Three Millers Marshmallow. (About 65 per cent, glucose, with 22 per cent, of sugar and a little egg albumen. A legitimate ^^ marshmallow'^ mixture but when offered to take the place of whipped cream, and as a ^ ' nutritioUrS^ ^ food product, can not be approved. Was also short weight. Price high considering composition.) White Stokes Co., Inc., Chicago, 111. (N) Mallo Icing and Topping. (Sugar, glucose (about 58 per cent.), a little egg albumen, starch and vanilla. Harmless, but statement that it *^ effects a great saving in eggs and cream while producing more satisfactory results' ' is not cor- rect. ''Food values are not sacrificed'' is an- other misleading statement,) IX. EXTRACTS American Products Co., Cincinnati, 0. Zanol Flavoring Extracts. (N) Cloves. (N) Peppermint. (N) Lemon. (N) Celery. (N) Nutmeg. (N) Almond. {Typical solid extracts consisting of a glyc- erin, gum, and sugar hose impregnated hy the flavoring materials. Such flavors as lemon and vamlla do not lend themselves so well to this form; authenticity of almond and lemon flavors was doubtful — prohaUy reenforced. Slur upon alcoholic extracts entirely unwarranted and misleading to buyer. Products are harmless.) Carey Co., Newark, N. J. * Vanilla Bouquet. (A standard vanilla extract. Practically impossible to verify claim that it is made from the Mexican vanilla bean.) Heller, B., and Co., Chicago, 111. (N) Vanheller. (Merely an imitation vanilla extract and should be so labeled instead of carrying a fancy name suggestive of vanilla. The sublabel 262 DESSERTS 263 honestly declares the product to he a '^synthetic flavoring combining vanillin and coumarin with caramel color.' ^ Harmless and sold for about one-third the price of true vanilla.) Sauer, C. F., and Co., Richmond, Va. * Lemon Extract, F. F. V. Brand. (About twice the minimum strength called for by the stand- ard, but slightly short weight.) * Orange Extract, F. F. V. Brand. (Same com- ment.) * Vanilla, F. F. V. Brand. (An authentic vanilla extract but the presence of even a harmless col- oring like caramel gives a false idea of strength by deepening color and should be declared on the label, whether added as such or produced during the process of manufacture. ) * Sauer 's Pure Concentrated Extract Vanilla. * Raspberry Flavor. (Same comment as on the strawberry. ) * Strawberry Extract, F. F. V. Brand. (Full weight and greatly improved as compared with previous synthetic flavors. Practically made from the natural fruits though probably reen- forced.) Sherer-Gillett Co., Chicago, 111. * High Grade Extract Almond. * High Grade Lemon Extract. * High Grade Extract of Orange. * High Grade Extract Vanilla. X. FISH (CANNED, DEIED, ETC.) Beale, W. C, Fish Co., Eastport, Me. * Boned Cod Steaks. * Fleecy Codfish. * Boned Herring. * Lunch. Herring. * Finnan Haddie. {Not the true imported Scotch product — strictly speaking should he labeled ^^Fimmn Haddie" type or style,) (N) Jellied Lobster. {Bather finely shredded lobster in liquid — gelatine present but did not solidify after being on ice several days. Not unwhole- some but lacking in quality and was not ^^ jel- lied.'') Beziers, Rene, Douarnenez, Brittany, France. * Yacht Club Sardines, Plain. {Weight satisfactory — best product of the three; manipulation may affect flavor somewhat.) i^ Yacht Club Sardines — without bones. {Not a very distinctive flavor and fish rather large. Slightly short weight. *^ Delicate flavor" claimed.) * Yacht Club Sardines — without bones or skin. {Net weight should be given.) Borgen, C, Packing Co., Stavanger, Norway. (D) Carnival Sardines. {Tin corroded and twice the 264 FISH (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 265 amount of dissolved tin found that is permitted hy regulation. Not true sardines — but labeling '^Norwegian sardines'' is permitted by ruling,) (N) Sardines in pure olive oil. {Not properly labeled — these are not true sardines {pilchards) and even the lax regulation requires labeling '^Nor- way Sardines,'' These are really sprats or her- ring. Good products but misleading labeling,) Bumham and Morrill Co., Portland, Me. * Clams. {Slack fill — drained weight of clam meat not as much as it should have been but quality was good and as the standard net weight con- tents of these packages was under discussion at the time product could not be condemned on one or two samples.) ik Machias Bay Lobster. Cape Cod Products Co., North Truro, Mass. * Cape Cod Butter Fish. Corby Commission Co., New York City. * Clover Leaf Salmon. {Manufacturer's or packer's Tiame should be given. Commission products of this kind may vary in quality and origin from time to time.) Crosse and Blackwell, London, Eng. * Kippered Herring. ic Yarmouth Bloaters — ^Mild Cured. Jones* Sons, Alfred, Bangor, Maine. * Finnan Haddie. 266 1001 TESTS Los Angeles Canning Co., Long Beach, Calif. * Tuna, Panama Brand. Tokstad, R., Stavanger, Norway. * Normanna Kippered Herring. * Normanna Young Mackerel. * Normanna Brand, Norwegian Sardines. {Not the true sardine or ^'pilchard" but this labeling is officially permitted. Should be labeled ^^spraV or ''herring'^ as the case may be.) (N) Normanna Sardines in Tomato Sauce. {Tin con- tent too high, just within legal limits (300 parts per million). No true sardines are found in Norway but this form of labeling is permitted by Federal regulation.) XII. HOUSEHOLD EEMEDIES AND DISINFECTANTS Bolton Chemical Corp., New York City. (N) Listogen Antiseptic. {A good antiseptic mixture of U. S. P. peroxid of hydrogen, with certain essential oils — remedial claims however greatly exaggerated and acetanilid, is present, not per- mitted in Pharmacopoeial peroxid. To claim ^^ Successful treatment of asthma/' etc., hy in- halation of any antiseptic, however good, her- ders on the patent medicine field.) Bunte Brothers, Cliicago, 111. i< Cough Drops. (A strongly mentholated candy — slight flavor of hoarhound. No extravagant claims — merely to ^^give relief and comfort," and ''stop a ticMeJ' Eememher that a ''relief" does not remove the cause. The only danger in these products is the false sense of security that they may give.) Certone Co., New York City. (D) Certone Tablets. {Said to he the "greatest dis- covery in the world to make flesh, give strength, and build up your system to lasting good con- dition." Quite a large amount of iron and lime found with small amounts of salt, sodium sul- 267 ^68 1001 TESTS phate, carbonates and silica, phosphates and sugars. Claims are perfectly absurd, though iron has tonic value in some conditions and lime and phosphoric acid enter into the building of certain tissues. Milk, eggs, whole cereals, nuts, and the like would be much more apt to *^make flesh,' ^ and the ingredients represent no ^^new discovery." A typical patent medicine propa- ganda.) Cheseborough Manufacturing Co., New York City. (N) Camphorated Vaseline. {A good product contain- ing camphor but statement on label that it is ''an efficient remedy for rheumatism, gout, neu- ralgia, catarrh, etc., can not be tolerated.) * Oxide of Zinc Ointment, Benzoinated. {True to percentage composition as declared but amount of benzoin is hardly sufficient to warrant its presence on the label. While claims are slightly broad it is true that such an oint- ment is recognized as generally useful in the treatment of wounds, sores, etc.) ^ Vaseline Analgic. {A medicated vaseline as de- scribed on label. Claims somewhat elaborate — of course is only palliative and for temporary relief in cases of rheumatism, etc.) Cinnakol Chemical, Sales Co., Bayonne, N. J. (N) Cinnakol Disinfectant. (A good product but claims as to efficiency and absolute harmless- ness can not be guaranteed. While not ac- HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 269 tually carbolic it is a mixture of phenolic com- pounds closely allied to carholic. Was not found to he 7 times as efficient as carbolic as claimed. ) Daggett and Ramsdell, New York City, (N) Headache Cologne. (Merely a mentholated co- logne — short measure. Could give only very superficial relief due to coolness produced by menthol and evaporation of alcohol. Claims not extreme but slightly misleading even so.) De Pree Chemical Co., Chicago, 111. :Ar San Tox Boro-Thymol. {A good antiseptic prep- aration refreshingly free from false and extrava- gant claims. Only criticism is that amount of alcohol was, according to our deter minatio-n, overstated on the label by 2 per cent.) * San Tox Carbolized Witch Hazel Salve. (A good antiseptic salve definitely and conservatively la- beled, with the exception that '^ witch hazeV is not an important ingredient and can not be identified in the presence of the camphor and carbolic. Unfortunate that it has so prominent a place in the name of the product.) Foley and Co., Chicago, 111. (D) Citrolax. {A laxative consisting essentially of baking soda, magnesium citrate and a little phenolphthalein ; "a nascent double salt of citro- tartrate of sodium and potassium,'^ claimed. Recommended for headache, indigestion, bad ^70 1001 TESTS blood, biliousness, etc. The promiscuous and continued use of cathartics is most threatening and objectionable — not necessarily even a relief for troubles mentioned — this depends on the cause.) Gauss, C. E., Marshall, Mich. (D) Gauss Catarrh Elixir and Catarrh Balm. {The elixir is an alcoholic solution of cathartics and vegetable drugs of little or no therapeutic value offered as a '^ blood purifier.'* The balm is a vaseline ointment containing such well known antiseptics as menthol, thymol, eucalyp- tol, etc. Claims made as a catarrh cure abso- lutely unwarranted.) General Purification Co., Madison, Wis. (D) B. K. Germicide. {Contains hypochlorites as claimed, but tests show an efficiency varying from 10 to 4: (10 claimed), and almost no ef- ficiency in the presence of organic matter which would unfit it for outhouses, etc., for which it is especially recommended. Is unstable rather than *^ fixed and stable*' as claimed. Medicinal claims also objectionable.) International Laboratories, Binghamton, New York. (D) Parmint. {The only ingredients identified in this mixture were alcohol, chloroform, and small amounts of sugars, menthol, and some oil re- sembling eucalyptol. This product is advertised with patent medicine claims as'^a standard rem- HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 271 edy for catarrh'' ''in England and France!'* Deafness J asthma, and Ironchitis are ''all treated hy purifying and enriching the blood by this remedy." Chloroform and alcohol, would be largely if not entirely responsible far any tem- porary effects produced.) Kent, Chester, and Co., Boston^ Mass. (D) Vinol. {Called "a real cod liver oil preparation far superior to the old fashioned cod liver oil," but depends chiefly upon "medicinal extractives of cod livers," 18 per cent, of alcohol and a small amount of iron for its effects. Is not ef- ficacious as a "strengthening tonic" as the ex- cluded oil is the most important part of such preparations. Feeding experiments showed cod liver oil to have a marked superiority as a source of nutriment over Vinol and similar prepara- tions. Note that it contains twice as much al- cohol as a good wine. Claims made for this preparation might lead to its disastrous use by invalids, etc., depending tipon it for nutrition.) (N) Saxo Salve. {An antiseptic soothing salve con- taining free sulphur, phenol and zinc oxid. These are recognized palliatives but the claim that this preparation is "a scientific remedy for skin diseases" can not be approved. Ec- zema must be treated according to its form, stage of development, etc.) 272 1001 TESTS Oil Products Co., Inc., New York City. (D) Usoline Oil. {One of the many mineral oils sold under a fancy name for use m constipation. This one however did not comply with the sul- phuric acid test and so is not deemed suitable for internal use; moreover in connection with unsatisfactory composition extravagant claims are mxide as to superior quality ^'The only per- fect product of this line,'* ''Oils of the commer- cial quality are not suitable for internal use,*' etc.) Piatt, Henry B., New York City. (N) Piatt's Chlorides. {Revised label improved claims, hut product has hut little value as a germicide and practically none in the presence of organic matter. Hence recommended uses for garbage cans, in epidemics, typhoid, etc, can not he approved. Inert material, including 84 per cent, of water declared on lahel.) Prophytol Products Co., Eichmond, Va. (N) Prophytol Antiseptic Solution. {Essentially a formaldehyde preparation with essential oils, 37 per cent, of alcohol an important item. La- hel and claims much improved hut still too strong for unqualified approval. Irritating ef- fect of formaldehyde not removed hut only masked hy essential oils. Thymol, boric acid, and potassium chlorate also said to be present m very small amounts.) HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 273 Sasso, P., and Figli, Oneglia, Italy. (D) Sasso 's Medicinal Olive Oil. {A good olive oil with much exaggerated medicinal claims, A very small amount of iodin added apparently to compete with cod liver oil. Diseases ^^pecul- iarly cured^' hy this oil and for which it is '^highly recommended^* include diabetes, ec- zema, paralysis, heart disease, epilepsy, etc.) (N) Sasso 's Emulsion. {An emulsion of about one: fourth olive oil with glycerin and very small amounts of glycerophosphates of lime, of du- bious tonic value. Not harmful but can not approve its prescription for teething infants, scrofula, pidmonary troubles, etc. Think straight oli/ve oil 100 per cent, and no free glycerin would be more helpful. Also decidedly short weight.) Standard Oil Co., Bayonne, N. J. * Nujol. {A very good quality of liquid petrola- turn purified to fit it for use as an internal lubri- cant; useful in treatment of constipation as stated. Not absorbed by the body at all — effect purely mechanical. Slightly short weight and price is high. Approved on purity, usefulness, and moderate cladms») Xm. LAED, CHEESES, BUTTER, AND THEIR SUBSTITUTES Berlin Mills Co., Portland, Me. * Kream Krisp. (Eydrogenized cottonseed oil. A good cooking fat, hut does not take the place of butter from a nutritive point of view. Economy claims rather exaggerated.) Crosse and Blackwell, London, England. * Grated Parmesan Cheese. {True to type heing made of skim milk as stated, containing only 19 per cent, of fat as compared with 34 per cent, in full cream cheese. Is an Italian cheese and if made in England should he so labeled or marked ^'Parmesan Type.'') Downey, Jas. T., and Co., Chicago, 111. (N) Oleomargarine — Downey's Delight. {A good oleo — objections are solely to its short weight, claim of ^^rich and delicious,'' and the fact that color- ing matter is sold with it. The latter practice is illegal in some states and enables hotel keepers, etc., to sell oleo as butter. The color itself is harmless, and the product a wholesome one.) (N) Oleomargarine — Sweet Marie. (A little richer in hutter fat than the ' 'Downey 's Delight. ' ' Same criticisms obtain.) 274 LARD, CHEESE, BUTTER S75 Kraft, J. L., and Bros. Co., New York City. * Elkhorn Cream Cheese. (Slightly short weight.) (N) Elkhorn Tasty Cheese. {Slightly short weight and high priced. Not especially rich and not economical, as claimed — selling at about 50 cents a pound.) (N) Elkhorn Pimento Cheese. (A fair product hut over half water and sold at the rate of 50 cents a pound. Less fat and more water than other approved products.) Monroe Cheese Co., Monroe, N. Y. * Liederkranz Cheese. ^oxley, Wm. J., Chicago, III. (N) Moxley's Gold Seal Oleomargarine. {A good oleo containing considerable butter. Sale of color with the package is deemed an evasion of the law and would make possible its sale as butter in lunch rooms, etc.) (N) Moxley's Special Oleomargarine. {A good oleo which is a cheap, nutritious butter substitute when honestly sold. Not ^'an ideal table deli- cacy^' at all and sale of color with the product is deemed an evasion of the law which would permit the sale of oleo as butter in hotels, etc.) >aute Products Corporation, Chicago, 111. ^ Sawtay. (A cooking fat made essentially from cocoanut oil, which is much esteemed as an edible fat. The claims made however that it produces more palatable and more digestible products 276 1001 TESTS than butter, lard and cottonseed oU, are not sus- ceptible of convincing proof and should he dis- counted.) Tokstad, R., Stavanger, Norway. (N) Normanna Zig Zag Cheese. {A wholesome, tasty cheese well put up in 4 individual portions in a tin. Not in my opinion proper to call this product even ^^Gamembert style' ^ — a Norwegian product only remotely resembling true French Camembert.) XIV. MEATS (CANNED, DEIED, ETC.) Armour and Co., Chicago, 111. * Star Slab Bacon. * Star Sliced Bacon. * Star Ham. Beech-Nut Packing Co., Canajoharie, N. Y. lAr Beech-Nut Ham. (Short weight largely accounted for hy low moisture content — dried out after ufrapping. No net weight statement now re- quired on hams.) Chinese American Food Co., New York City. "k Mushroom Chop Suey. (Only a small amount of chicken with beef, mushrooms, etc. No special objection to product which does not however seem well adapted to canning.) Deerfoot Farm, Southborough, Mass. * Deerfoot Farm Sausage. Frank, L., and Sons, Milwaukee, Wis. * Braunschweiger Style Liver Sausage. (Name slightly objectionable — no way of determining how closely it complies with foreign product. If ^'made a^ only Frank knows how'* they can not be made according to foreign recipes. Fresh meats of this type marketed at long distances call for most carefid handling to preclude dan- 277 278 1001 TESTS gerous decomposition. Products are acceptable as to flavor and composition. ) * Braunschweiger Style Meat Wurst. (Same com- ment.) * Frankforts. (Small sausages of cured meats; are relatively much safer.) (N) French Meat Cheese. (Same comment, this prod- uct not even marked ^Hype'' or *' style.'') (N) Kaiser Jagd Wurst. (Same comment as on other samples — put up in large case and slightly de- composed where cut.) * Quality Frankforts. * Tongue Luncheon. (Calls for careful handling.) (N) Vienna Braided Sausage. (Same comment — not even marked ''style'' or *'type.") Holly, C. B., and Co., Holliston, Mass. * Boiled Chicken. (Very good quality, though price is rather high — 85 cents for about 1 pound and 7 ounces. No net weight stated on package as now required.) Hormel, Geo. A., and Co., Austin, Minn. * Pork Sausage, Dairy Brand. Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111. * Libby 's Sliced Bacon. (Not so thoroughly cured as when not packed in glass jars — should he handled with care after opening.) * Cooked Ox Tongues. Morris and Company, Chicago, 111. * Supreme Bacon. MEATS 279 * Supreme Ham. Squire, John P., and Co., Boston, Mass. * Sliced Bacon, Arlington Brand. S. and S. Co., Chicago, 111. * Sulzberger's Majestic Sliced Bacon. (Sliced hacon in glass container is an uneconomic and unnec- essary vxiy of handling a salt meat; cost about 65 cents per cound.) Swift and Co., Chicago, 111. * Premium Bacon. (Slah,) Vogt, F. G., and Sons, Inc., Philadelphia. (N) Scrapple Liberty Brand. (No standard for this product hut it contained more water a/nd much less meat than other products of this kind. Potassium nitrate and tin also present in minute amx>unts. Not adapted to tinning,) XV. OLIVE OILS, ETC. Callahan, George, and Ca., New York City. (N) Callahan's Special Olive Oil. {Extravagant medicinal claims which cannot he tolerated, al- though the quality of oil is good.) Calve-Delft, Delft, Holland. (N) Delft Peanut Oil. {An authentic peanut oil. Is not ^^ matchless for mayonnaise and other salad dressings'^ — heing of a hland, characterless flavor. Could compete with cottonseed oil hut not with olive oil. Price should he lower — nearer that of cottonseed.) Italian Importing Co., New York City. (N) Holy Father Olive Oil. {A good standard oil. Not starred solely hecause of misleading use of Pope's name and figure on lahel.) Migliore, J., Belmonte, Italy. * Florentine Lily Olive Oil. {Superior to other hrand examined in acidity content. Quality claims justified to this extent.) * Virgin Olive Oil. {A true olive oil hut acidity a little high on sample examined. Very slightly short weight.) Windermere Ranch, LaMirada, California. * McNally's Olive Oil. 280 XVI. PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC. California Fruit Canners' Assn., San Francisco, Cal. * Olives, Del Monte Brand. {Good hui hardly *' Ex- tra Quality/^ Loose use of such terms on canned goods is regrettable hut general.) Cape Cod Products Co., North Truro, Mass. * Beach Plum Jelly. * Piccalilli. Crosse and Blackwell, London, Eng. * Pickled White Onions. * Sweet Pickle. Cudahy, John, Fig Products Co., Chicago, IlL * Fig Marmalade. * Orange Marmalade. * Pineapple Marmalade. Grape Fruit Products Co., Inc., Watertown, N. Y. * Grape Fruit Ola Marmalade. Heinz, H. J., Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. * Apple Butter. {Slightly short weight.) ii^ Grape Fruit Marmalade. * Spanish Queen Olives. {Net weight was correct including liquid, hut should preferahly refer to weight of olives only; about 3 ounces of hrine and 4 ounces of olives found.) 281 1001 TESTS Kidd, Mrs. E. G., Inc., Richmond, Va. * Pin Money Mixed Pickles. "Lady Betty," Brookline, Mass. -k Lady Betty Golden Conserve. (Moisture content rather high for a ^* conserve' ' hut over weight and excellent quality in general.) * Lady Betty's Grapefruit and Orange Marmalade. * Lady Betty Mustard Pickle. (Colored with tur- meric, a harmless vegetable dye, and apparently some added starch present. Would not he per- mitted in a mustard without declaration hut in a mixed product of this hind may he deemed barely permissible. Forty -five cents for 20 ounces is rather high.) * Lady Betty Pepper Relish. (Net weight not given and price rather high — 10 cents for 22 ounces — three-fourths water.) * Lady Betty's Pineapple-Orange Marmalade. * Lady Betty Piccalilli. Ridge wood Orchard, Winchester, Va. i^ Mint Jelly. (A good apple jelly flavored with mint and so labeled.) Sulzberger and Sons Co., Chicago, 111. * Pride Pure Apple Butter. * Pride Pure Crabapple Jelly. ;(N) Colonial Brand Pure Fruit Jam. (35 per cent, raspberry and 65 per cent, apple and sugar. Really an apple jam flavored with raspberry. PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC, A cheap wholesome product honestly labeled hut not of star quality — short weight,) (N) Colonial Brand Pure Fruit Jam. (33 per cent, strawberry and 65 per cent, apple and sugar. Short weight, and amount of strawberry small — barely flavors the jam. A cheap, wholesome product honestly labeled, but not of high qual- ity.) XVII. SUaAES AND SACCHARINE PRODUCTS Alexander Molasses Co., Chicago, 111. * Dove Brand Molasses. {A minute amount of sulphur dioxid {not more than 70 parts per million) is tolerated because of Government ruling permitting 350 parts! Only 46 parts per million found in this product which is a good standard article in other respects. Hardly ** su- preme quality '^ nor ^'ahsolutely pure^^ with even this amount of 80^ present.) Charles and Co. (Distributors), New York City. (N) Vermont Maple Syrup. {Water content too high. Invert sugars also too high, indicating fermenta- tion or carelessness in manufacture. Other data indicate a true maple sugar with no cane sugar added.) Heather— The Highlands, Wilmington, Vt. * Vermont Maple Syrup. {Very informal label bearing no net weight; product, however, is best of its kind examined, showing that a fine syrup does conform to the Government requirements and averages.) Oelrich & Berry Co., Chicago, 111. (N) Old Manse Brand Syrup. {Made from cane sugar cmd Canmdian Maple as labeled but only about 284 SACCHARINE PRODUCTS 285 20 per cent, or less of maple was found and pic- ture of maple camp is rather misleading. Really should be labeled ''flavored with maple.'' ''Absolutely pure'' claim especially objection- able on a product of this kind.) Penick and Ford, Ltd., New Orleans, La. (N) Brer Babbitt Molasses. {Amount of sugar pres- ent rather low, and water rather high; amount of sulphur well within our permitted limits. Not adulterated but not of high quality.) (D) Orla Molasses. {Heavily sulphured — 459 parts per million and only 350 are permitted. About a second molasses as far as sugar content is concerned.) Root, A. I., Co., Medina, 0. * Honey. XVIII. TOILET AETICLES COLD CREAMS De Pree Chemical Company, Chicago, 111. * San Tox Cold Cream. {A typical cleansing or massage cream, containing wax, soap, petrola- tum, and horacic acid. No extreme claims made.) (N) San Tox Peroxidized Cream. {A good cream of the ^* vanishing '' or glycerin type but does not contain enough peroxid to warrant the name. Ingredients named on the label must be present in detectable amounts or no characteristic result can be expected. No peroxid could be found in the finished product.) if[ San Tox Shaving Cream. {A good product about 40 per cent, soap; glycerine and boracic acid present. No free alkali found.) Ingram, F. F., Co., Detroit, Mich. (D) Ingram's Milkweed Brand Cream. {Is not '^per- fectly harmless,'^ and is not a '^ powerful skin food" — on the contrary is a grease product con- taining ammoniated mercury, a poisonous salt, with zinc oxid and bismuth.) La Valliere Co., The, New Orleans, La. * Creme La Valliere. (Peroxide Vanishing Cream.) {Cream is true to type; stearic acid is found and 286 TOILET ARTICLES 287 so is not literally ^'greaseless.'^ Peroxide is present and quality is excellent.) Lillian Russell's Own Toilet Preparations, 2160 Broad- way, New York. (N) Lillian Russell's Cleansing Cream. {A delicately perfumed, fine cold cream for cleansing pur- poses hut no basis found for claims that it will ^^ whit en any skin/' or has it any special ^^ heal- ing qualities.'') (D) Lillian Russell's Skin Nutrient. {Appears to he the usual cold cream perfumed and tinted. There are no ''shin foods" — the shin cannot he nourished from without, as absorption is too slight. Such claims as these have heen con- demned in the courts. {See N. J. 16 and 82 Sartoin and Madame Yale's shin foods.)) (D) Lillian Russell's Smootli-Out. {Apparently an unmedicated cold cream — which, however, sep- arates on standing — may he made with special oils, such as cocoanut or palm, or olive — hut none of the usual astringents or antiseptics could he identified. Healing claims not warranted, whatever the composition might he.) Magda Co., Chicago, 111. (N) Magda Toilet Cream. {A very good cold cream of the usual mineral oil or vaseline type. Borated. Could he approved hut for claim ''Especially adapted for feeding wasted tissues" 1001 TESTS and the inference that the ordinary creams of the shops are apt to he injurious.) Mounier, Ernest, Boston, Mass. lAr Mounier 's Creme au Benzoin. {A good henzoin glycerin lotion. The claim ^'A superior quince seed lotion'^ is not substantiated; if quinceseed is used at all it is in such form {extract) and such small quantity that it cannot be detected. Sub-label should be corrected.) National Toilet Co., Paris, Term. (D) Nadinola Skin Purifier. {A typical freckle re- mover containing bismuth and mercury. Not a ''shin purifier/^ and could not ''clear the shin of blemishes.^' Mercury might be dangerous, as it is a poisonous metal.) Peninsular Chemical Co., Detroit, Mich. (N) Penslar Buttermilk Cerate. {Lactic acid present, indicating presence of some buttermilk. Hardly a true cerate as no white wax was found. Product could have been approved but for claims that it "affords nourishment to the underlying tissues.' ' The skin cannot be fed in any such way.) JiB) Penslar Lilac Face Cream. {A very greasy cleansing cream with zinc oxid for which the following misleading claims are made: "An admirable skin food/' "capable of being ab- sorbed by the skin and so penetrating to its deeper structures. ' ' ) TOILET ARTICLES 289 (N) Penslar Vaniskiiig Face Cream. {Consists of stearic acid and soap essentially. Is not en- tirely free from greasy or oily characteristics as claimed. Harmless, hut claims extravagant.) Pompeian Manufacturing Co., Cleveland, 0. * Pompeian Night Cream. (A very good cold cream of the petrolatum type, containing also horic acid, and soap. Delicately perfumed and pleas- ant to use hut very expensive — like all small packages — 29 cents for ahout 2 ounces means $2.32 per pound. No cold cream replenishes the oils of the skin except in a very superficial man- ner, as the skin is only slightly ahsorhent. Racarma, Detroit, Mich. (N) Cream (L 'Esprit de lilas Creme fugitif). {A typical vanishing cream, glycerin hase. Could not approve extreme quality and superlative claims.) Stearns, Detroit, Mich. * Cold Cream, Suprema Violet. {A good cream, petrolatum type, for cleansing purposes. Softer and more greasy than the massage cream.) * Massage Cream, Suprema. {An effective massage cream, somewhat stiff er than the plain cleansing cream; glycerine type.) Stein, M., Cosmetic Co., New York City. * Alpine Cold Cream — Stein's Theatrical Make-up. {A good cold cream of the vaseline type for mas- ^90 1001 TESTS sage and cleansing purposes. Contains horic acid. Ueasonahle in price — 75 cents for almost a pound — small packages of fancy creams are vastly more expensive.) Williams, J. B., Co., Glastonbury, Conn. * Cold Cream. HAIR TONICS, SHAMPOOS, ETC. Bay Roma Co., 396 Broadway, New York City. (D) Bay Roma. {Contains about 2 per cent, of lead acetate and free sulphur. The reaction between this poisonous salt and the sulphur is what colors the hair. Statement *^Will cause gray hair to resume a natural color '^ is therefore mis- leading.) Cooper Pharmacal Co., Chicago, 111. (N) Beta Quinol Scalp Treatment. (Quinine, resor- cin, beta naphthol and alcohol were found. These are stimulative principles and the product has some merit, but claims *^for nourishing the roots of the hair'' not permissible. Claims made on label arc moderate — newspaper advertising objectionable. ) De Pree Chemical Co., Chicago, 111. * San Tox Eau de Quinine Hair Tonic. {Amount of quinine and other solids small — value of all hair tonics is limited but claims made for this product are conservative.) Foso Co., The, Cincinnati, 0. (D) Foso Foam. {Antiseptics and alcohol {less than declared) found, but not enough of stimulating ingredients to warrant claims.) 291 29^ 1001 TESTS (D) Foso Tonic. {Decidedly less alcohol found than declared on label; suspicious tests for wood alco- hol obtained; less than half of one per cent, of solids of any kind. Could not possibly have the tonic properties claimed.) Jennings Co., Perfumers, Grand Rapids, Mich. * Dorothy Vernon Perfume Quick Shampoo. (Merely a liquid soap perfumed; 63 per cent, water.) Lee, George H., Co., Omaha, ISTeb. (N) Liquid Shampoo. {Too much carbonated alkali, especially when other soap products are accused of ^^robbing the hair of its natural oiV — Apart from this is unobjectionable and correctly de- scribed.) McCullough, George B., Co., Chicago, 111. (N) Royal Olive Shampoo Powder. {Virtually a Castile soap powder — could have no special ef- flcacy in 'removing oils from the hair. Descrip- tion and references to special chemical processes misleading. Merely a convenient powdered soap with an olive oil base. Price high.) Stearns, Perfumer, Detroit, Mich. * Violet Liquid Shampoo. ($1.00 for six fluid ounces is rather high but one-fifth of the material is al- cohol, which adds to the cost; 28 per cent, is a well balanced soap, containing practically no free alkali even carbonated, and perfume is deli- cate. No criticism except as to price. No ex- treme claims are made.) TOILET ARTICLES ^93 United Drug Co., Boston, Mass. (N) Rexall Hair Tonic — 93. {An alcoholic tonic con- taining some resorcin, heta-naphthol, and glyc- erin — may contain a minute am/)unt of pilo- carpin hut the tests were negative. About 2.34 per cent, of total solids. Product has some merit hut claims as to *^ nourishing properties/' revitalizing the roots and replenishing the food supply, are too strong, for unqualified ap- proval.) LVioma Co., 970 Rockefeller Building, Cleveland, 0. (D) Vioma. (A dry shampoo. The hose is a nitrog- enous suhstance resemhling casein and a small amount of quinine was found. Would *^ remove grease and dust" as claimed, as would any such powder hrushed into the hair and out again. But ^^ Miraculous results,'' removing dandruff, giving ^^new life" to the hair, etc., are absurd claims that cannot he approved even in a measure. Continuous use of a dry shampoo, and no washing might clog the pores and he un- desirable. ) Watkins, R. L., Co., Cleveland, 0. (N) Mulsified Cocoanut Oil. {Name misleading — is merely a liquid cocoanut oil soap; is not emulsi- fied oil as coined word ^^ mulsified" would lead one to think. Harmless and convenient, hut ex- pensive relatively as are all liquid soaps.) MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS Floridine Manufacturing Co., New York City. (D) Lustrite Cuticle Ice. (Apparently a mentholated petrolatum product sold at an extravagant price as ^*an infallible cure for lacerated, inflamed or dry cuticW — ^^ highly antiseptic/' ^^more effec- tive than cold cream/' etc.) (D) Lustrite Cuticle Softener (Antiseptic). {Essen- tially a little borax, colored with a coal tar dye — absurd claims made as to its being ^'superior to soap,'' '^compounded on a scientific for- mula," etc. Nineteen cents for two ounces of borax is rather high.) * Lustrite Hand Velvet. (A good glycerin, gum preparation with alcohol. Hardly '^ marvel- ous/' but good of its kind.) (N) Lustrite Salve Enamel. {A combined salve and enamel, i. e., silicious matter, fats, and zinc. Antiseptic value slight; 17 cents for about one- tenth of an ounce seems exorbitant for a ma- terial of no special adaptability or merit.) Lillian RusseU's Own Toilet Preparations, 2160 Broad- way, New York City. (N) Lillian Russell's Lip Stick. {A harmless grease product impregnated with a carmine dye. True that the grease would not be drying but the color 294 TOILET ARTICLES 295 given is hardly that of Nature, and the softness of the lips would he ^^ restored'* just as well hy plain vaseline or cold cream, while this product sells for 50 cents for about two-tenths of an ounce.) (D) Lillian Russell's Rejuvenating Powder. ($1.50 charged for about one ounce of a protein bearing powder of some kind (difficult to identify, may he of casein or egg origin) ; boric acid found, also aluminum, magnesium, etc. Price exorbitant and claims impossible for a mixture of this com- position or indeed of any composition. Could not have a *^ constructive effect*' in ^^ reviving old tissues.'*) Magique Co., Syracuse, N. Y. (D) Magique. {A typical aluminum chlorid solution to be used as perspiration check. Might he irri- tating and injurious.) Oriental Manicure Specialty Co., New York City. (N) Lotus Nail Enamel. (Silica and soap essentially. Unobjectionable in itself but no foundation of extreme claims made.) (D) Sutol Rouge. (Not harmful except in so far as the continual use of such materials may have a coarsening effect. Does not ^^give a color true to Nature.") Piver, L. T., Paris, France. * Azurea Sachets. (A very distinctive spicy odor — powder probably largely almond meal.) 296 1001 TESTS Stearns, Perfumer, Detroit, Mich. * Supreme Nail Cleanser. {Price high, 50 cents for 5 ounces. Attractively put up and perfumed. Convenient, being a stiff paste of soap, glycerin, gum, and alcohol No special efficacy in keep- ing ^'the cuticle healthy,'* except as cleanliness and massage necessary in its application might have this effect. Free from acids and bleaching materials.) White Cross Toilet Powder Co., New York City. (D) White Cross Antiseptic Foot Powder. (A slightly antiseptic talcum, boric and salicylic acid found. Claims that it is '' universally con- ceded to he the best remedy for soft corns and callouses,*' and that it ^^ removes all offensive odors" entirely unwarranted.) PERFUMES Daggett and Ramsdell, New York City. * Violette Rico Toilet Water. {Bather high priced, 70 cents for 3.5 ounces.) Jennings Co., Perfumers, Grand Rapids, Mich. * Dorothy Vernon Toilet Water. Peninsular Chemical Co., Detroit, Mich. * Sylvodora Eau de Toilette— Red Rose. {Perfume not very distinctive hut a toilet water is not ex- pected to he heavily perfumed. Price (75 cents) rather high for quality.) * Sylvodora Lilac Vegetal. {The price of one dollar for 5 ounces of toilet water of good quality seems excessive.) * Sylvodora Lilaflor Perfume. {A heavy perfume attractively put up — should, however, he almost solely essential /)il at this price ($1.25 for 1.6 fluid drams), hut is an alcoholic extract.) * Sylvodora Violator Toilet Water. {High priced for quality, 75 cents for a little over three ounces.) Piver, L. T., Paris, France. * Extract Azurea. {A very high priced perfume, $1.35 for about 1 fluid ounce. Pleasant hut not 297 298 1001 TESTS a characteristic, strong essence as would 'be ex- pected of a product of this price.) Racarma, Detroit, Mich. (N) Toilet water, L 'Esprit do Lilas. {No objection to product hut superlative and exclusive claims as to quality and French origin, though ^'made in America,' ' are too extravagant to warrant ap- proval.) Williams, J. B., Co., Glastonbury, Conn. * English Lilac Toilet Water. POWDERS Babcock, A. P., Co., New York City. "k Corylopsis Talcum Powder. (Nearly all talc, not horated — very good quality hut slightly short weight. ) Bendick Company, 60 York Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (N) No-Talc Toilet Powder. (Principally starch and zinc stearate, urith a little zinc oxid. Claims very extravagant and denunciation of ^^ talcum'* powders not warranted.) Colgate and Co., New York City. * Baby Talc. (Over three-fourths talc and contain- ing about 8 per cent, of boric acid.) * Cashmere Bouquet Talc. (Contains a large amount of boric acid, about 11 per cent., and would therefore have a true antiseptic effect. Good quality and moderate claims.) (N) Dactylis Talc. (A good toilet powder hut con- tains only about one-fourth talc and is therefore improperly labeled. Claims rather extreme — ^* purifying,'* ^^made from formula of a famous physician/* etc.) (N) Eclat Talc Powder. (A good powder containing nearly 10 per cent, of boric acid which should he declared on the label.) 299 300 1001 TESTS De Pree Chemical Co., Chicago, 111. * San Tox Bahy Talcum. Daggett and Ramsdell, New York City. * Debutante Powder. {A very fine powder about one-third talcum, not horated.) Gordon-Thorne Co., Utica, New York. (N) Baby Bunting Toilet Powder. {An interesting and disti^ictive powder containing no talcum and making a great point of this, as though tal- cum were injurious, whereas it forms the hulk of all of the powders on the market. This product is very heavily horated (26 per cent., over twice that found in any other and might he irritat- ing), and is ahout half zinc st ear ate. Could he approved if it were not for the misleading state- ments made as to talcum.) Ingram, F. F., Company, Detroit, Mich. (N) Ingram's Velveola — The Milkweed Cream Face Powder. {A fine white powder largely talcum and calcium carhonate. Name of course is meaningless.) Lillian Russell's Own Toilet Preparations, 2160 Broad- way, New York City. (D) Lillian Russell's Purity Face Powder. (A good powder, half talc, sold 1.4 ounces for one dollar! Does not ^'improve the roughest skin,'* in any real sense. A harmless product of usual quality sold at an exorbitant price.) TOILET ARTICLES 301 National Toilet Co., Paris, Tenn. * Nadine Face Powder. (A good compound powder containing talc, calcium carbonate, starch, zinc oxid and soap. Claims moderate. Price rather high.) National White Cross League, Chicago, 111. (N) Violet Talcum Powder. (Only about half talc and amount of boric acid small, considering claim *^ strongly antiseptic") * White Complexion Powder. {A fine powder con- taining about 30 per cent, of talc and some rice starch; *^ absolutely pure" claim objectionable as always.) Peninsular Chemical Co., Detroit, Mich. (N) Penslar Lilac Talcum Powder. (Contains about 60 per cent, of talcum — not enough to warrant name — shoidd be called a toilet or face powder simply. Boric acid present but not declared, A fine powder but not ^ ^ unequaled," as claimed. ) (D) Poudre de Riz. (About 63 per cent, talc and only 24 per cent, rice powder. Word ^'Composee" in small type does not correct misleading name. Should be called a *^Talc and Bice Powder.") (N) Velveton Complexion Beautifier. — Flesh and White. (A liquid powder, calcium carbonate, and zinc oxid suspended in alcohol and ivater. Contains a trace of arsenic. Probably harmless but expensive (50 cents for 4 ounces) ; name and 302 1001 TESTS claims are misleading, could not ^^ cover all traces of sallowness and unsightly blemishes/' as stated.) (N) Violatalc Toilet Powder Sylvodora. {About 40 per cent, of talc found in this product, balance largely calcium carbonate and silica. Powder is fine and unobjectionable except that it should be labeled as a face or toilet powder — not a talc powder.) Piver, L. T., Paris, France. (D) Poudre de Kiz Azurea. (Only 40 per cent, rice powder, the balance mainly talcum — is therefore misbranded. Permissible if sold merely as a toilet or face powder.) Stearns, Perfumer, Detroit, Mich. * Suprema Face Powder. {Roughly calculated product is about 45 per cent, rice starch and 45 per cent, talc, with a notable percentage of zinc oxid, less than 10 per cent. Very fine and deli- cately perfumed.) Talcum Puff Co., New York City. * Air Float Talcum Powder. {^^B orated'' only in a technical sense, as less than one per cent, ims found and this would have no antiseptic effect. A very fine powder, 95 per cent, talc, containing, however, the usual impurities found in com- mercial talcs; superlative claims as to unusual purity and superiority not warranted, though it is very good.) TOILET ARTICLES * Air-Float Coiylopsis Talcum Powder. * Air-Float Wistaria Talcum Powder. Vantine, A. A., New York City. * Kutch Sandalwood Talcum Powder. Williams, J. B., Co., Glastonbury, Conn. (N) La Tosca Rose Talc Powder. {About 70 per cent, of talc found and 4 per cent, of boric acid'. Should be labeled ^'boratedJ' A good powder,) SOAPS Bobrick Chemical Co., Los Angeles, Calif. (N) Sop-o-zon. {A very good liquid soap, delicately perfumed, and giving a soft, pleasant lather. Undoubtedly made from vegetable oils as claimed, though not from the ^^hest and purest,' ' as stated. Highest rating withheld because of claim ^ ' carholated" and ^^ antiseptic' '; no car- bolic found. Could ^* improve the complexion,'' only OS any harmless cleansing agent would do so.) Chesebrough Mfg. Co., 17 State Street, New York City. (N) Vaseline Soap. {A good soap hut carbonated alkali found is a little higher than in the best soaps and the special claims made are not sub- stantiated. Is not ^* perfectly neutral" nor is it the *^ cheapest and best soap made.") Daggett and Ramsdell, New York City. * Perfect Cold Cream Soap. {Only claim to name is presence of small amount of unsaponifiable oil or petrolatum, and free fatty acid, lather abundant and creamy and soft even in cold water. Not of markedly superior quality but good. Price 20 cents.) Foso Co., The, Cincinnati, 0. (N) Foso Soap. {A residue resembling tar, the only ingredient found to substantiate claim ^^very ef- ficacious medicinally" ; alkali a little higher than 304 TOILET ARTICLES 305 it should he in a soap mahing such special claims for ^^ healing^' properties.) Hyde Cleaner and Moth Exterminator Co., Des Moines, la. (D) H. and H. Cleaner. (May he a good cleaning soap hut is entirely too high in carhonated alkali for a toilet or hath soap. Is over half water and so is not economical.) Orona Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass. (N) Orona Lily Cream Soap. (Nearly half water, and one-third silica. A convenient preparation for travelers, and workers as stated, hut is not a true soap and the name is somewhat mislead- ing. Only a small amount of carhonated alkali found — contains no free caustic alkali.) (N) Orona Soap and Cleaner. (About 42 per cent, silica and 42 per cent, water — hence economy claim is hardly sustained. Practically no free alkali and no acids. A good and convenient preparation hut claims are very extravagant, i. e., *^ Marvelous household cleanser and univer- sal toilet soap." Packer Manufacturing Co., New York City. * Packer's Liquid Tar Soap. (Very little tar can he held in solution, hut enough is present to give character to the product. Liquid soaps are never economical hut are convenient. This product has some antiseptic value, due largely to alcohol present — some glycerin also found.) 306 1001 TESTS Peninsular Chemical Co., Detroit, Mich. (N) Savon Sylvodora Violaflor Soap. {Extravagant claims for a good soap with a very faint delicate perfume. No free caustic alkali hut carbonated alkali not so low as in many cheaper soaps.) Pixoap Works, 59 Park Street, London. (N) Pixoap Scentless Tar Soap. {Claims made that ^*all the natural properties of pure tar" are re- tained in a ^^ highly concentrated form," when there is less than 1 per cent, of tar found. Im- possible for a liquid tar soap to fulfill this de- scription. Harmless but high priced and over praised.) Steam's, Detroit, Mich. * Violet Soap, Suprema. {A very pleasing soap, well made, but high in price when compared with cheaper unscented soaps of apparently just as good quality.) Williams, J. B., Co., Glastonhury, Conn. * Carnation Soap. {Perfume not distinctive.) * For-Get-Me-Not Soap. {Name meaningless — odor not distinctive.) if Jersey Cream Toilet Soap. {Name objectionable as meaningless and misleading. A good soap with less carbonated alkali than the violet soap. ) -k Lilac Toilet Soap. * Matinee Violet Toilet Soap. {No free alkali, hut considerable carbonated alkali reported. Good for the price.) TOOTH POWDERS, PASTES, ETC. De Free Chemical Company, Chicago, 111. * San Tox Tooth Paste. Graves, Dr. E. L., Chicago, 111. (D) Unequaled Tooth Powder. (A good powder con- taining calcium carbonate, borate, mtfrrh, methyl salicylate, etc., hut sold with such utterly mis- leading claims as ^* Removes all germs of dis- ease,'^ ^^ Heals soft and bleeding gums,^' which no tooth powder could do.) National White Cross League. * Sanative Tooth Paste. (A smooth paste free from grit and containing menthol and salicylic acid. Claims mildly extravagant — but is antiseptic though not germicidal.) New England Laboratory Co., Lynn, Mass. (N) Burrill's Tooth Paste. (A good tooth paste con- taining some antiseptic substances but the claims to ^^ destroy germs," ^^ prevent sore and receding gums," could not be approved.) (N) Burriirs Tooth Powder. {Calcium carbonate and soap, with oil of wintergreen and other essential oils. A good product but claims too extrava- gant: Same as tooth paste, also ^^ Antiseptic properties can not be over estimated" ^^ forms a 307 308 1001 TESTS mouth wash more efficient than listerine or per- oxide of hydrogen.'^) Peninsular Chemical Co., Detroit, Mich. "jAr Tooth Paste Penslar. {Contains calcium car'bon- ate, menthol, salicylic acid, etc. Claims a little broad hut in the main conservative. ^^ A pro- nounced antiseptic action tending to limit the growth of bacteria in the mouth.") * Penslar Perla Denta Tooth Powder. {A good preparation of calcium carbonate, soap, orris root, salicylic acid, and wintergreen. Claims, as on most tooth powders are somewhat exagger- ated but not dangerously or specifically false. Would do little to remove tartar but might help to prevent its formation.) Pond's Extract Co., New York City. (N) Tooth Pas-te. {Presence of saccharin objection- able and claims of ^'unique'' process hardly wwr- ranted. A good tooth paste of soap, calcium carbonate, glycerin, alcohol, and antiseptics such as menthol, cinnamon, etc., but not at all '^unique.") Prophytol Products Co., Richmond, Va. (D) Prophytol Antiseptic Dental Liquid. {Depends m^ainly on menthol, salicylic acid, 37 per cent, of alcohol, and formaldehyde for its germicidal effect. A good product but of no special value for pyorrhoea, nor will it ''picrify the breath.' ' Recent labels and claims have been much im- TOILET ARTICLES 309 proved hut not sufficiently to warrant approval.) (D) Pro-phy-tol Tooth Paste. {A good tooth paste containing menthol, formaldehyde, salicylic acid, soap, etc. Has some antiseptic and antiacid value hut claims as a germicide and as a preven- tative of contagious diseases are unwarranted.) (D) Pro-phy-tol Tooth Powder. {A good powder con- sisting mainly of soap, calcium carhonate, and salicylic acid. Germicidal claims, especially in the case of disease germ^s, unwarranted though the product has some antiseptic value.) White, S. S., Dental Mfg. Co., New York City. * Oraline Paste. {A good tooth paste containing soap, calcium carhonate, menthol and other es- sential oils. Claims very conservative with the exception of the statement that ''ahsolute clean- liness means ahsolute freedom from decay. ^^ There may he systemic causes for decay of the teeth that cleanliness could not prevent.) INDEX INDEX A. D. S. Foot Tablets, 131 Improved Foot Soap, 210 Kurakutic Soap, 210 Majestic Lilac Talc, 203 Malted Milk, 55 Peredixo Tooth Paste, 219 Peroxide Tooth Powder, 219 Shaving Cream, 177-178 Acker, Merrall & Condit Co., 155, 159 A-Corn Salve, 135 Adulterants in candies, 33 Adirondacks Maple Co., 169 canned goods, 41 condiments, 95 cocoas, 7 cold creams, 177 dried meats, 149 flours, 79 honey, 169 macaroni, 92 olive oil, 153 preserves, 157 salad dressings, 96 shampoo powders, 187 syrups, 167 vinegars, 97 Albumen in baking powders, 2 Alcohol in grape juice, 20 Alexander Molasses Co., 284 Alexander & Mendes, 188 Alkali-treated cocoa, 6 Allen Pharmacal Co., 203, 219 Allen's Foot Ease, 140 Allredie Pure Food Co., 257 Almond Dulce Hymettua Cream, 186 Almond Extract, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 262, 263 Almond Skin Food, 180 Almonds, Festino, 31 Als Hangesund Preserving Co., 123 Alphabetos, Skinner Mfg. Co.'s, 253 Alimi in baking powders, 2 American Candy Co., 235 American Dehydrating Co., 127 Druggists' Syndicate, 55, 131, 177, 188, 199, 203, 210, 219 Fruit Products Co., 21, 159 American Products Co., 262 American Sugar Refining Co., 169 Vineyard Co., 127 Ammon & Pearson, 147 Anchovy Paste, Crosse & Black- well's, 123 Anchovy Sauce, Crosse & Black- well's, 254 Anola, 234 313 314 INDEX Anderson, J. H. & Co., 254 Angelus Cough Drops, 141 Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n, 21 Anker's Bouillon Capsules, 65 Antiseptic Throat Pastilles, 134 Apple Butter, Heinz, 281 Pride Pure, 282 Apple Jam, 159, 160 Juice, Duffy's, 21 Apples, evaporated, 128 Apricots, Del Monte Brand, 45 evaporated, 127 Hunt Brothers', 46 Apricots, Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 239 Troubadour Brand, 46 Arbuckle Bros., 13 Armour & Co., 21, 62, 147, 150, 177, 194, 203, 211, 219, 277 Aroma Coffee Co., 13 Aromint Co., 35 Artaud, J. B. & A. Fr^res, 154 Artichokes, canned, 66 Asiatic Products Co., 17 Asparagus, canned, 66, 68 Aunt Jemima's Brand Pancake Flour, 82 Aurora Condensed Milk Co., 55 Austin-Nichols & Co., 66, 98, 127, 159 B. H. Company, The, 178, 194, 203 Babcock, A. P. Co., 299 Bacon, Armour's Star Slab, 277 Beechnut Brand, 150 Dairy Brand, 151 Ferris's Boneless, 150 Jones Dairy Farm, 151 Libby's, 278 Morris & Co.'s, Supreme, 278 Swift's Premium, 152 Squire's, 279 Sulzberger's, 279 Swift & Co.'s, Premium, 279 Baked Beans, canned, 67, 68, 70, 243 Baker Extract Co., 116 Baker, Franklin Co., 109 Baker Importing Co., 13 Baker, Walter & Co., 7, 235 Baking Powder — Calumet, 3 Cleveland Superior, 3 Congress, 4 Davis 0. K., 3 Dr. Price's Cream, 4 K. C, 4 Princine, 225 Ryzon, 225 Eoyal, 4 Rumford, 4 Uprise, 3 The three types, 1 Soda, Slade's, 4 Ballard & Ballard Co., 249 Banana Flavor, 117, 120 Bananas, evaporated, 127 Barley, Brook's Baby, 240 Crystals, 75 Robinson's Patent, 245 Flour, Jireh Diatetic, 84 INDEX 315 Bartlett, Stephen L. Co., 7 Barton & Guestier, 154 Bauer & Black, 131 Bay Roma Co., 291 Beach Plum Jelly, 281 Beale & Garnett Co., 123 Beale, W. C. Fish Co., 242, 257, 264 Beans, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 243, 245 Bear Lithia Spring Co., 231 Beardsley's Sons, J. W., 62, 123, 242 Beaux Yeux, 196 Beechnut Packing Co., 98, 147, 150, 159, 277 Beef, Corned, Red Cross Brand, 151 Dried, Armour's Sliced, 150 Beechnut Brand, 150 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 151 Beef, Extract of, 62, 63 Beet Sugar, 163 Beets, canned, 67, 68, 69, 243 Bell, Wm. G. Co., 98 Belle Mead Sweets, 35 Bendick Co., 299 Bennett, F. H., Biscuit Co., 233 Bensdorp ( Amsterdam, Hol- land), 7 Benzoate of Soda in condi- ments, 96 Berlin Mills Co., 274 Berna Milk Co., 55 Berndt & Co., 17 Bernese Alps Milk Co., 66, 240 Beta Quinol Scalp Treatment, 291 Bgziers, Ren§, Douarnenez, 264 Biedert's Ramogen, 240 Biscuit, Adora, 31 Arrowroot, 31 Baronet, 31 Frotana, 32 Jireh Diatetic, 29^ Pakatin, 30 Saltine, 32 Social Tea, 32 Sunshine Assorted, 30 Sunshine Citrus, 31 Sunshine Petite Beurre, 31 Takoma, 31 Uneeda, 32 Water Thin, 32 Wentworth's Whole Wheat, 233 Bishop & Co., 36 Bitter Chocolates, 6 Blackberries, preserved, 160 Silver Lake Brand, 47 Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Co., 13, 17, 228 Blendo Food Co., 14 Bliss, Alonzo O. Co., 132 Blookers ( Amsterdam, Hol- land), 8, 226 Blue Jay Corn Plasters, 131 Bobrick Chemical Co., 304 Bolton Chemical Corp., 267 Bonbons, Huyler's, 36 Maillard's, 37 Park &, Tilford's, 38 Schrafft's, 39 316 INDEX Borden's Condensed Milk Co., 14, 36, 56 Borgen, C. Packing Co., 264 Bosnian & Lohman Co., 147 Bouillon, Clam, 62, 242 Cubes, Anker's, 65 Armour's, 62 Liebig's, 0X0, 65 Steero, 65 Bouillon Cubes, Vegex, 242 Bour Co., 228 Bourjoias, A. & Co., 199 Boyle, John Co., 45, 66 Brakeley, Joseph, Inc., 66 Bran, Flakes, 251 Obelish Sanitary, 249 Pillsbury Health, 252 Sterilized, 251 Bread, Gluten, 32 Brewster, Cocoa Mfg. Co., 235 Brilliantine, Carnation, 188 Brooke, C. M. & Sons, 21 Brooke's Lemos, 21 Brook's Barley Co., 240 Buckwheat Flour, Teco Brand, 82 Bunte Brothers, 236, 267 Burnett, Joseph & Co., 117 Burnham, E. L. Co., 62 Burnham & Morrill Co., 123, 242, 243, 265 Burrell Products Co., 257 Butter Fish, Cape Cod, 265 Butter, Fox River, 148 B. & P. Company, 194 Cake, Royal Black Fruit, 233 California Fish Co., 123 Fruit Canners' Association, 45, 66, 127, 281 Callahan, Geo. & Co., 280 Calocide Compound, 138 Calox, the Oxygen Tooth Pow- der, 222 Calumet Baking Powder Co., 3 Calve-Delft, 280 Calves' Foot Jelly, 150 Calvet & Co., 155 Campbell Co., 155 Campbell, Joseph Co., 62, 242 Campbell's Kooking Oil, 155 Candies, adulterants in, 33 Candies, Bunte Brothers', 236 Kibbe Brothers Co., 236 Park & Tilford's Juvenile, 238 Candy Figs, 36 Cane Sugar, 163 Canned Goods, adulterants in, 41 labeling, 44 weights, 42 Canthrox, 190 Cape Cod Products Co., 243, 265, 281 Cape Cod Specialty Co., 239, 243 Capsicum Vaseline, 132 Caramels, Belle Mead, 35 H. D. Foss & Co.'s, 36 Johnston's, 37 Lowney's, 37 Maillard's, 37 Park & Tilford's, 38 INDEX 317 Caramels, Schraflft's, 39 Whitman's, 40 Carbolated Vaseline, 132 Carey Co., 262 Carque, Otto, 89 Carque Pure Food Co., 127, 147 Carter Lytle Drug Co., 132 Castle, The W. A. Co., 155 Castor Oil, Tasteless, 143 Caswell, Massey Co., Ltd., 204 Catsup, 98 Blue Ribbon, 103 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 101 Pride of the Farm, 103 Princess Brand, 101 Richelieu Brand, 105 Ritter Conserve Co.'s, 103 Snider's, 105 Walnut, 254 Caviar, Cresca Co.'s, 123 Cel-Co., Mfg. Co., 228 Celery Flavor, 119 Celery Salt, Colburn's, 98 Celery Seasoning, Nosco, 255 Cerag Cereal, 246 Cerag Co., 246 Cereal Soap Co., 211 Certone Co., 267 Certone Tablets, 267 Ceylon Spice Co., 109 Chalmers, James, Sons, 109 Charles & Co., 284 Chase & Sanborn, 14 Cheese, Parmesan, Grated, 274 Elkhorn Brands, 275 Liederkranz, 275 Normanna Zig Zag, 276 Cheese Sandwich, 31 Cheese Tid Bit, 234 Cherries, Cobb's Navy Brand, 46 Del Monte Brand, 45 Evaporated, 127 Foss' Liquid Cream, 36 Chocolate covered, 38, 40 Hunt Brothers, 46 Rose-bud, 239 Royal Anne, 239 Troubadour Brand, 46 Cherry Extract, 117 Chesebrough Mfg. Co., 132, 268, 304 Chicken, Holly's Boiled, 278 Boneless, Derby Brand, 151 Boneless, Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 151 Richardson & Robbins*, 151 Chili Con Carne, 245 Chili, Mexican, Ground, 255 Chili Sauce, Heinz, 101 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 101 Snider's, 105 Chinese American Food Co., 277 Chiris, Antoine, 155 Chocolate and cocoa, difference, 5; theo-bromin in, 5; plain or bitter, 6 Chocolate, Almond Milk, 235 Baker's Sweet, 235 Borden's Milk, 36 Brewster's Milk, 235 Chocolat Lindt, 39 Caramels, Lowney*s, 236 Creams, Belle Mead, 35 318 INDEX Chocolate, Caracas, 38 Johnston's, 37 Maillard's, 37 Schrafft's, 39 Skylark, 38 Hershey's Milk, 36 Hoff's, with Malt Extract and Iron, 231 Huyler's Premium, 8 Maillard's Premium, 8 Maillard's After Dinner Mint, 237 Marshmallows, Lowney's, 236 Nestl6's Almond Sweet Milk, 38 Nestle's Hazel Nut Sweet Milk, 38 Original Sweet Milk, 38 Peanut Milk, 235 Peppermints, H. D. Foss & Co.'s, 36 Pickman's Liquid, 227 Stollwerck's Gold Brand Premium, 9 Suchard's, 39 Surprise Wafers, 238 Tootsie Roll, 238 Wadsworth's, 39 Whitman's Instantaneous, 9 Chocolates, Almond Milk, 38 Crest, 237 Date Filling, 236 Delecto, 237 Huyler's, 36 Loose-Wiles' Nobility, 37 Lowney's, 37, 236 Chocolates, Marmay Crimped, 37 My Lady of Quality, 235 Monte Fudge, 237 Park & Tilford's, 38 Skylark, 38 Temptation, 236 Triad, 236 Whitman's, 40 Wilbur's, 40 Chop Suey, 277 Chow Chow, 160 Christian Company, 82 Christy, Arthur N. & Co., 117 Chutney Sauce, 254 Cinnakol Chemical Sales Co., 268 Cinnakol Disinfectant, 268 Cinnamon Flavor, 119 Citrolax, 269 Clam Bouillon, 62, 242 Clam Chowder, 242 Clams, Burnham & Morrill's, 265 ^lams. Pioneer Minced, 125 Clark, Coggins & Johnson Co., 14 Clark's Corporation, 133 Clark's Pineapple Juice, 232 Cleveland Baking Powder Co., 3 Cleveland Macaroni Co., 93 Climax Coffee Co., 14 Cliquot Club Co., 22 Cloves Flavor, 119, 262 C. N. Disinfectant, 144 Cobb Preserving Co., 46 INDEX 319 Coca Cola Co., 22 Cocoa, adulterants, 7 and chocolate, difference, 5 alkali-treated, 6 Baker's Breakfast, 7 Blocker's Daaldere, 8 Croft's Breakfast, 226 Dutch process, 6 Grand Brand, 226 Huyler's, 8 Lowney's Breakfast, 8 Maillard's Breakfast, 8 Phillips Digestible, 8 Eoyal Dutch, 7 Swiss Chocolate Co.'s, 8 Swiss Milk, 226 Van Houten's Famous, 9 Cocoanut, Baker's Premium Shred, 109 Dromedary, 260 Cod Liver Oil Capsules, 135 Codfish, Beale's 264 Beardsley's Shredded, 123 Gorton's Boneless, 124 Lord Brothers' Boneless, 124 Coffee, Ariosa, 13 Baker ized Steel Cut, 13 Blendo, 14 Borden's Condensed, 14 Caldwell's Electric Cut, 13 Dekofa, 15 Fairy Cup Instant, 14 Faust, 228 Hammer's Concentrated, 228 Hotel Astor, 14 instantaneous, 12 Kaffee Hag, 229 Coffee, La Touraine, 16 Lipton's Gossip Blend Caffee- Klatsch, 229 Lipton's Yellow Label Blend, 229 Lockyer's Extra Fancy B., 15 Lockyer's Extra Fancy C, 15 Mexican Tablets, 229 Mrs. Korer's Brand Own Blend, 14 Old Master, 228 Pure Essence of, 14 Puri-tan-ated, 14 Queen Isabella Porto Rico, 16 Eichlieu Brand Hans Evers Process Vacuum Treated, 16 Eoyal Stag, 15 San Marto, 228 Schorn & Brower's, 230 Seal Brand, 14 substitutes for, 11 The "400" Blend, 15 Tourist, 15 Vilosa, 230 Washington Prepared, 15 White House Brand, 14 Yuban; the Arbuckle Guest Coffee, 13 Coffee Substitute, Banan-Nutro, 16 Cel-Co, 228 Drinket, 229 Instant Postum, 16 Kellogg's Cereal Beverage, 15 Kneipp Malt, 15 Mouco, 230 sw INDEX Coffee Substitute, Old Grist Mill, 16 Postum Cereal, 16 Colburn, The A. Co., 98, 109, 118 Cold Cream, Almond Dulce Hymettus Honey, 184 Alpine, 289 Colgate & Co.'s, 178 Crgme de Meridor, 179 Creme Elcaya, 177 Cr§me Imperatrice, 179 Cr§me LaValliere, 286 Cr§me Luxor, 177 Cr&me Simon, 184' Cr§me Tokalon, 185 Daggett & Ramsdell's, 179 Espey's Fragrant, 179 Gille's, 180 Honey and Almond, 181 Hubert's Malvina, 181 Hygienic Creme Eogiene, 180 Imperatrix Skin Cream, 181 Ingram's Milkweed, 286 Keeler's Superior, 182 Kosmeo, 181 Luxor, 178 Magda, 287 merits of, 173 Mounier's Cr§me au Benzoin, 288 Palmolive Cream, 181 Penslar, 288 Plexo, 183 Pompeian Night, 289 Pond's Vanishing, 183 Priseilla Parson's, 178 Cold Cream, Racarma, 289 San Tox, 286 simple formula for, 176 Stern's, 289 Suprema, 289 Williams', 290 Coleman & Co., 22 Colgate & Co., 178, 199, 204, 211, 220, 299 Colman, J. & J., 99 Condensed Milk, 51 Aurora, 55 Bear Brand, 240 Cremora, 244 Diet Milk, 244 Gail Borden Eagle Brand, 56 Carnation Brand, 59 Hires, 57 Kindolac, 244 Lapp & Co.'s, Swiss, 241 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 58 Sweet Clover Brand, 59 Swiss, 55 Soups, Campbell's, 62, 242 Eranco-American, 63 Knorr's, 63 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 64 Puro Brands, 65 Vegex, 242 Yours Truly, 63 Condiments, adulterants in, 95 benzoate of soda in, 96 Cookies, Chocolate Tokens, 31 Educator Gluten, 29 INDEX 321 Cookies, Edwards's Bran, 29 Lemon Snaps, 32 Nabisco, 32 Old Time Sugar, 32 Sunshine Philopena Almond, 31 Vienna Sugar Fingers, 31 Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps, 32 Cooper Pharmaeal Co., 291 Corby Brothers, 3 Corby Commission Co., 265 Corn, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 243 Corn Flakes, 76 Corn Products Refining Co., Ill, 170 Corned Beef, Red Cross Brand, 151 Cornmeal, Great Valley Mills, 249 Pamunkey Mills, 84' Virginia, 251: Cornstarch, Kingsford's Os- wego, 111 Cottolene, 148 Cottonseed Oil, 153, 155, 157 Cough Drops, Bunte Brothers*, 267 Coumarin, definition of, 114 Cox, J. & G., 109 Crab Meat, 124 Havalan Brand, 125 McMenamin & Co.'s, 124 Crackers, Agar Agar, 234 Educator Graham, 30 Educator Oatmeal, 30 Educator Water, 230 Crackers, Graham, 32 Sunshine Graham, 31 Cranberries, D e h y d r o-Fresh, 127 Cranberry Juice, Doane's, 231 Cranberry Powder, 129 Cranberry Sauce, Burnham & Morrill's, 243 Premier Brand, 47 Crane, James C, 178, 204 Cream of Tartar, Slade's, 4 Cream of Wheat Co., 75 Cream Whip, 258 Cream Whip Co., 258 Cr§me au Benzoin, 288 de Meridor, 179 Elcaya, 178 Imperatrice, 179 Fouett^, 259 LaValliere, 287 Luxor, 177 Simon, 184 Tokalon, 185 Cremora, 244 Creolin-Pearson, 138 Cresca Company, 66, 99, 123, 128, 150, 159, 244 Crescent Mapeline, 118 Crescent Mfg. Co., 118 Cresco Grits, 75 Crisco, 148 definition, 145 Crittenton, Charles N. Co., 133, 211 Croft & Allen, 226 Croft's Breakfast Cocoa, 226 INDEX Crosse & Blackwell, 14, 100, 123, 160, 254, 265, 274, 281 Crown Lavender Salts, 199 Crown Perfumery Co., 199 Cruikshanks Brothers Co., 160 Crystal Gelatin Co., 109 Cudahy, John, Fig Products Co., 281 Cudahy Packing Co., 63 Currant Jelly, 159, 160, 161 Currants, Dromedary Brand, 128 Currie Powder, 98, 100 Curtice Brothers Co., 100, 160 Curtis, Emma E., 258 Cuticura Ointment, 141 C. N. Disinfectant, 144 Dad's Breakfast Food Co., 246 Daggett & Ramsdell, 179, 269, 297, 300, 304 Datenut Butter, 148 Dandruff Remedy, Wildroot, 192 Salve, Gill^'s, 189 Dates, Cresca, stuffed, 128 Dates, Dromedary Brand, 128 Davies, K. M. & Co., 46 Davis, Frank E. Co., 124 Davis Milling Co., 82 Davis, R. B. Co., 3 De Groff, Lewis & Son, 67, 128 De Pree Chemical Co., 269, 286, 291, 300, 307 Deerfoot Farm, 277 Del Monte brand canned fruits, 45, 46 De Meridor Co., 179 De Miracle Chemical Co., 194 Depilatory, 194 Denmark Condensed Milk Co., 57 Dentacura Co., 220 Derby, H. C. Co., 150 Detoxyl, 139 Deutsche Milchwerke, 240 Deviled Crab Meat, 124 Diamond Crystal Salt Co., 100 Diamond Delico, 109 Diamond Gelatin Co., 109 Diamond Nail Enamel, 197 Diet Milk, 244 Dioxogen, 140 Doane, Nathaniel, 231 Dodge, Walter Luther & Co., 134 Dole's Pure Hawaiian Pine- apple Juice, 23 Downey, Jas. T. & Co., 274 Downs, Jean, 134 Dr. Pray's Gloria-Lily Lotion, 183 Dralle, (Hamburg), 199 Dried Beef, Armour & Co.'s, 150 Beechnut Brand, 150 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 151 Drinket, 229 Dry Milk Co., 244 Dry Pits Lotion, 195 Dry Pits Lotion Co., 195 INDEX 323 Duflf, P. & Sons, 170 Duffy's Apple Juice, 21 Duluth Superior Milling Co., 82 Dunbar, G. W. Sons Co., 67 Durkee & Co., 100 Dwinell-Wright Co., 14, 17 E. C. D. Chemical Co., 134 Eau de Cologne Sea Salt, 196 Economy Food Products Co., 249 Educator Toasterettes, 30 Educator Water Crackers, 233 Edwards, Elinor E., 29 Eg-Save, 260 Egg Noodles, Skinner Mfg. Co.'s, 253 Egg Plums, 239 Ehman Olive Co., 161 Eisner Mendelson Co., 23 Ekenberg Company, 82 Elkhorn Cheese, 275 Emery & Co., 124 Empress Mfg. Co., 188 Emmart Packing Co., 24^ En-ser-ol, 134 Eskay's Albumenized Food, 59 Espey, J. E., 179 Evans' Sons, Lescher & Webb, Ltd., 23, 134 Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless, 56 Danish Prize, 57 Carnation Brand, 59 Our Pet Brand, 57 Swiss, 56 Van Camp's, 60 Every Woman Co., 134 Every Woman's Flesh Reducer, 134 Eye Cream, Moras's, 139 Extract of Beef, Armour's, 62 Cudahy's, 63 of Meat, Liebig's, 64 Extracts, Baker's, 116 Bee Brand, 119 Burnetts, 117 Colburn's May Flower, 118 Premium Brand, 119 Slade's, 121 Zanol, 262 exaggerated claims, 113 F. B. Foronga Nail Bleach, 195 F. B. Polpasta Nail Enamel, 195 Fairbank, N. K, Co., 148, 211 Farwell & Rhines, 75, 83 Fay, C, 179 Ferris, F. A. & Co., 150 Fig Newtons, 31 Figprune, 228 Figprune Cereal Co., 228 Figs, Carque's California, 127 Cresca, 128 Dromedary Brand, 129 Health Brand, 128 Finnan Haddie, 123, 264, 265 Fischer, B. & Co., 14, 17, 89, 100 Fish Flake, Davis's, 124 Burnham & Morrill Co.'s, 123 Five Kernels Food Co., 75 Flavors, Pitkin's, 120 SM INDEX Flavors, Premium Fruit, 119 Fleischmann Co., The, 3 Floridine Mfg. Co., 195, 294 Flour, Aristos, 87 Aunt Jemima's Pancake, 82 Ceresota Brand, 85 Duluth Imperial, 82 Educator Brands, 84 Foimtain Brand, 83 Franklin Mills, 83 Franklin Pancake, 249 Gold Medal, 87 Golden Touch King Midas, 86 Hecker's Graham, 83 Hecker's Self Raising, 250 Jireh, 84 King Arthur, 86 Marvel, 251 Northern Light Brand, 85 Obelisk Graham, 249 Occident, 86 Old Grist Mill Brand, 86 Pillsbury's, 85 Priscilla Prepared Dough- nut, 249 Purena Whole Wheat, 85 Rye, 250 Superlative Self-Raising, 84 Swans Down Prepared, 84 White Puff, 250 Whole Wheat, 250 Flours, adulterants in, 79 gluten, SO self-rising, 80 Fluid En-Ser-Ol, 134 Foley & Co., 269 Foot Powder, White Cross, 296 Foot Tablets, 131 Force, 75 Forest Home Farm, 83, 147, 150 Formamint Tablets, 131 Forquignon Mfg. Co., 195 Foso Co., 291, 304 Foss, H. D. & Co., 36 Foulds Milling Co., 93 Fox River Butter Co., 148 Franco-American Food Co., 63 Franco-American Hygienic Co., 180 Frank, L. & Son, 150, 277 Frankforts, Frank's, 278 Franklin Mills Co., 83, 249 Fear, Fred, 100 Frederick City Packing Co., 67 Freeman Perfume Co., 204 Freihofer's Vienna Baking Co., 93 French Marrons, 260 Fresno Home Packing Co., 128 Frotana Biscuit, 32 Fruit Flavors, Premium Brand, 119 Fruit Puddine Co., 258 Gaidry, Lowell R., 100 Gallinis Brothers, 236 Gannon, E. M., 180 Garlic Seasoning, Nasco, 256 Gauss, C. E., 270 Gauss Catarrh Elixir and Balm, 270 Geisha Importing Co., 205 INDEX 325 Gelatin, 107-108 Boston Crystal, 109 Chalmers' Transparent, 109 Cox's, 109 ICnox's, 111, 260 Lipton's Jelly Tablets, 111 Minute, 111 Plymouth Rock, 112 Gelle Fibres, 199 General Chemical Co., 225 General Purification Co., 270 Genesee Pure Food Co., 110 George Washington Coffee Sales Co., 15 Germicide, 270 "Get Slim," 134 Gherkins, 161 Giant Chemical Co., 135 Gill6, E., 180, 189, 204 Gillet, Martin & Co., 17 Ginger Ale, Aromatic, 25 Ginger Ale, Blisco Aromatic, 231 Celebrated Cliquot Club Extra Dry, 22 Delatour, 25 Hywaco, 24 Ross's Royal, 25 Standard, 25 Tally-Ho, 25 essence, 119, 120 Giroux Mfg. Co., 189 Githens, Rexsamer &, Co., 15 Glaxo, 241 Glaxo Co., 240 Glucose in Candies, 33 Glenn's Sulphur Soap, 211 Gluten Bread, Rammers' Dia- betiker loaves, 32 Gluten flours, 80, 81 Golden Gate Fruit Co., 23 Gomi, T. D., 206 Gordon & Dilworth, 150, 161 Gordon-Thorne Co., 300 Gorman & Co., Inc., 124 Gorton Pew Fisheries Co., 124 Gorton's Boneless Codfish, 124 Graham Flour, 249 Graham, Mrs. Gervaise, 181 Grand View Farm Produce Co., 150 Grape Capsule Co., 135 Grape Fruit Products Co., 281 Grape Juice, alcohol in, 20 Armour's, 21 Monticello, 232 Randall's, 232 Red Wing, 25 Royal Purple, 232 Welch's, 25 Grape Ola, 231 Grape Ola Co., 231 Grape Nuts, 76 Grape Smash Syrup, 232 Graves, Dr. E. L., 307 Great Valley Mills, 246, 249 Green Bay Canning Co., 67 Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Co., 67, 83, 128 Griffith-Durney Co., 46 Grove, E. W., 135 Gumbert, S. & Co., 3 Hagan's Magnolia Balm, 182 326 INDEX Hair Tonic, Canthrox, 190 Empress Improved Instan- taneous Hair Color Re- storer, 188 Foso, 292 Gille's Spun Gold, 189 Hall's Hair Renewer, 189 Hay's Hair Health, 190 Lavona, 191 Mme. Seele's French Hair Bluing, 190 Parisian Sage, 189 Parker's Haiit Balsam, 189 Petrole Hahn for the Hair, 191 Pinaud's Eau de Quinine, 190 Rexall, 293 San Tox, 291 simple formula, 187 Hall, R. P. & Co., 189 Hall & Ruckel, 220 Ham, Armour's Star, 277 Beechnut, 277 Dairy Brand, 151 Ferris's Our Trade Mark, 150 Forest Home Farm, 150 Frank & Son's Lax, 150 Jones Dairy Farm, 151 Morris & Co.'s Supreme, 279 Swift's Premium, 152 Deviled, Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 151 Underwood's, 152 Potted, Richardson & Rob- bins, 151 Hamilton, S. C, 259 Hammer, C, 228 Hansen's, Charles, Laboratory, 110 Hanson & Jenks Co., 200 Harris, W. B. Co., 15, 18 Haserot Canneries Co., 67 Hawaiian Pineapple Products Co., 23 Pineapple Co., 46 Hay's Hair Health, 190 Headache Cologne, 269 Hearns & Jones, 170 Heather— the Highlands, 284 Hecker Cereal Co., 83, 250 H e c k e r-Jones- Jewell Milling Co., 84 Heide, Henry, 36 Heinz, H. J. Co., 67, 93, 101, 110, 148, 155, 161, 242, 245, 255, 281 Heller, B. & Co., 262 Heller-Barnham Co., 36 Helvetia Milk Condensing Co., 57 Hemo, Thompson's, 60 Herring, Beale's, 264 Herring, Kippered, Crosse & Blackwell's, 265 Davis', 124 Normanna, 266 Hershey Chocolate Co., 36 Heyer, George W., 205 Higgins, Wm. H. & Co., 128 Hills Brothers Co., 128, 148, 260 Hills, Wm. S., 250 Hinds, A. S., 181, 212 INDEX 327 Hinds* Honey and Almond Cream Soap, 212 Hipolite Company, The, 110 Snow-Mallow, 110 Hires, Charles E. Co., 23 Household Extract, 23 Condensed Milk Co., 57 Hiscox Chemical Works, 189 H. 0. Company, 75, 250 Hoenshell & Emery, 233, 259 Hoff, Johann, 23, 231 Hoflf's Chocolate with Malt Ex- tract and Iron, 231 Hblbrook & Co., 101 Holland Rusk Co., 29 Holly, C. B. & Co., 278 Hominy, canned, 70 Dairy Maid Brand, 245 Emmart's, 244 Granulated, 77 Hominy, White Rose Brand, 77 Honey, Acme Brand, 170 adulterants in, 169 Emerson Brand, 172 Golden Tree, 171 Premier Brand, 170 Roots, 285 Honolulu Fruit Products Co., 232 Hopewell Dainties, 36 Horlick's Malted Milk Co., 57 Hormel, G. A. & Co., 151, 278 Hornby's Oatmeal, 75 Houston Packing Co., 151 Howard, J. F., 101 Hoyt, W. M. Co., 63 Hoyt's "Sweetina," 141 Hubert, Prof., 181 Hudnut, Richard, 200, 205, 212 Hulled Corn, Van Camp's, 70 Humbert & Andrews, 161, 170 Hunt Brothers, 46 Huyler's, 8, 36 Hyde Cleaner and Moth Exter- minator Co., 305 Hygeia Distilled Water Co.., 24 Hygienic Food Co., 76 Hydrox-Chemical Co., 135 Hydrox Hydrogen Peroxide, 135 Hydroxyl-Free Cod Liyer Oil, 138 Icing and Filling, Ready Mixt, 257 Icing and Topping, Mallo, 261 Igleheart Brothers, 84 Illinois Canning Co., 68 Imperatrix Co., 181 Imperial Granum Co., 57 India Relish, Heinz's, 255 Infant's Food, 48-51 Eskay's Albumenized Food, 59 Imperial Granum, 57 Glaxo, 241 Mead's Dextri-Maltose, 58 Mellin's Food, 59 Nestl6'8 Food, 59 Patch's Powdered Sugar of Milk, 59 Ramogen, 240 Taroeua, 241 Ingram, F. F. Co., 286, 300 International Laboratories, 270 INDEX Invert Sugar, 164 Italian Importing Co., 280 Ivins', J. S., Sons, 29 Jad Brand Salts, 136 Jad Salts Co., 136 Jams, 159, 160, 161, 282 Jaques Mfg. Co., 4 Jefferson Pickle Co., 161 Jellies, 159, 160, 161, 162 Jelly, Beach Plum, 281 Crabapple, 282 Mint, 282 Jello Lemon, 110 Jennings Company, 200, 292, 297 Jergens, Andrew Co., 212 Jireli Diabetic Food Co., 29, 76, 84, 93 Johann Hoff's Malt Extract, 23 Johnson, B. J. Soap Co., 181, 190, 212 Johnson Educator Food Co., 29, 84, 233 Johnson & Johnson, 213 Johnston, (Milwaukee), 37, 236 Jones', Alfred, Sons, 265 Jones Dairy Farm, 148, 157 Junket tablets, 110 Kaffee Hag, 229 Kaffee Hag Corporation, 229 Kaiser Jagd Wurst, 278 Karo, 170 Ketchup, Curtice Brothers*, 100 Olney Canning Co.'s, 103 Keeler, Charles C, 182 Kellogg Food Co., 15, 251 Toasted Corn Flake Co., 76, 251 Kellogg, W. K., 229 Keen, Robinson & Co., 245 Kent, Chester & Co., 271 Kewpie Kandies, 38 Kibbee Brothers Co., 235 Kidd, Mrs. E. G., 161, 282 Kidney Beans, canned, 68 Kimball, Lucile, 136 Kimball & Marxsen Rice Prod- ucts Co., 89 Kindolac, 244 Kinox, 137 Kinox Company, 137 Kippered Herring, Davis's, 124 Kirk, James S. Co., 206, 213 Klein's (Budapest), 213 Klim, 58 Kneipp Malt Food Co., 15 Knorr, C. H., 63 Knox, Charles B. Co., Ill, 260 Knox-Crutchfield, 85 Koenig & Schuster, 68, 101, 129 Kohler, Peter Cailler, Swiss Chocolates Co., 8 Koiner Mills, 251 Kolynos Co., 221 Kornol, 132 Kosmeo, 181 Kraft, J. L. & Bros. Co., 275 Kream Krisp, 274 "Lady Betty," 260, 282 Lambert Pharmacal Co., 137 INDEX 329 Lamb's Tongues, Derby Brand, 150 Landshut, Karl, 137 Lanman & Kemp, 200 Lanning, Wm. & Son, 47 Lapp & Co., 241 Lard, Armour's "Simon Pure," 147 Forest Home Farm, 147 Jones Dairy Farm, 148 Silver-Leaf Brand, 148 LaValliere Co., 286 Lavona (Hair Tonic), 191 Lavoris Chemical Co., 221 Lavox Co., The, 190 Laxative Bromo-Quinine, 135 Lazell, 200 Lea & Perrins, 101 Lee, George H. Co., 292 Leggett, Francis H. & Co., 47, 68, 89, 161, 170, 255 Lehn & Fink, 137, 205, 221 Lemon Extract, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 262, 263 Lemos, Brooke's, 21 Lemon Soda, 24 Snaps, 32 Lentils, canned, 69 Leslie-Durham & Co., 171 Lester, Francis E. Co., 255 Lever Brothers Co., 213 Levering Coffee Co., 15 Levy, Ben. Co., 205 Libby, McNeill & Libby, 47, 58, 64, 68, 101, 151, 155, 161, 239, 245, 278 Liebig's Extract of Meat Co., 64 Lillian Russell's Lip Stick, 294 Lillian Russell's Own Toilet Preparations, 287, 294, 300 Lillian Russell's Rejuvenating Powder, 295 Lilly, Eli & Co., 213 Lima Beans, canned, 66, 68, 70 Lime-Fruit Juice, Montserrat, 23 Lime Juice, Rose's Pure West Indian, 25 Lipton, 18, 111, 229 Liss, George & Co., 68, 124 Listerine, 137 Listman Mill Co., 251 Listogen Antiseptic, 267 Lobster, Beale's, 264 Machias Bay, 265 Loganberries, Del Monte Brand, 45 Pheasant Brand, 129 Loganberry Juice, Pheasant Brand, 232 Lockyer & Co., 15 Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co., 30, 37, 233 Lord Brothers Co., 124 Los Angeles Canning Co., 266 Lotus Nail Enamel, 295 Louisenbad Reduction Salt, 137 Love, J. S., 171 Lowney, Walter M. Co., 8, 37, 236 Luden, W. H., 137 330 INDEX Lustrite Cuticle Remedies, 294 Lustr-ite Nail Enamel, 195 Luxor Bath Powder, 194 Tooth Paste, 219 Lyon, I. W. & Sons, 221 Lyon Mfg. Co., 182 Lysol, 137 McCormick & Co., 118 MeCullough, Geo. B. Co., 292 M c F a d d e n-Wiess-Kyle Rice Milling Co., 89 Mcllhenny Co., 68 Mcllhenny, E., 101 McKesson & Robbins, 222 McMechen Preserving Co., 102 McMenamin & Co., 124 McMonagle & Rogers, 119 McMurdo, A. E., 232 Macaroni, food qualities, 91 Freihofer's Egg, 93 Fould's, 93 Golden Egg Brand, 93 Jireh's, 93 Skinner Mfg. Co.'s, 253 Woodcock's, 94 Mackerel, Davis's, 124 Normanna Brand, 266 Madame Yale's Skin Food, 176 Magda Co., 287 Magique Co., 295 Maillard, Henry, 8 Maillards, 37, 237 Mallo Icing and Topping, 261 Malt Extract, Johann Hoff's, 23 Wyeth's Liquid, 25 Malt Nutrine, 21 Malted Breakfast Food, 247 Malted Cereals Co., 247 Malted Milk, A. D. S., 55 Borden's, 67 Horlick's, 58 Thompson's, 60 Mansfield Laboratories, Inc., 234 Manufacturing Co. of America, 37 Maple Syrup, Leslie's, 171 Log Cabin, 172 mixtures, 167 Old Manse Brand, 284 Pride of the Ad-i-ron- dacks, 169 Vermont, 172, 284 Vermont Maple Sap, 171 Mapleine, Crescent, 118 Mapl-Flake, 76 Marietta Stanley Co., 182 Marinello Company, 206 Marmalade, 160, 161, 162, 281, 282 Marshall Canning Co., 60, 245 Marshmallow Cr§me, Snow- flake, 258 Three Miller's, 261 Whip, Whitman's 112 Marshmallows, Angelus, 39 Heide's, 36 Martindale, Thomas & Co., 138 Marzahl, W., 102 Maspero, C, Inc., 155 Maul Brothers, 94 Mayer, Alfred, 37 INDEX 331 Mead, Johnson & Co., 68 Meat, Potted, Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 151 Meat Wurst, Frank's, 278 Meats, dried, adulterants in, 149 Medical Formula Co., 138 Mellin's Food Co., 59 Mennen, Gerhard Chemical Co., 206 Menthol Cough Drops, 137 Mentholated Vaseline, 133 Mentholatum, 138 Mentholatum Company, 138 Mentoni Co., The, 155 Merck & Co., 15, 138 Merrell Soule Co., 58, 111, 227 Mexican Products Co., 229 Mexican CoflFee Tablets, 229 Middendorf & Rohrs, 68 Migliore, J., 280 Milcoco, 227 Milk, Condensed, Aurora, 65 Bear Brand, 240 Dry Milk Co's, 244 Gail Borden Eagle Brand, 56 Carnation Brand, 59 Hires, 57 Lapp & Co.'s Swiss, 241 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 58 Sweet Clover Brand, 59 Swiss, 55 Evaporated, Borden's Peer- less, 56 Danish Prize, 57 Milk, Evaporated, Our Pet Brand, 57 St. Charles Brand, 56 Swiss, 56 Van Camp's, 60 Malted, A. D. S., 55 Borden's, 56 Horlick's, 58 Thompson's, 60 official standard, 62 substitute, Klim, 59 Sugar of, Patch's, 59 Mince Meat, Gold Medal, 110 Lady Betty, 260 None Such, 111 Mint Jelly, 282 Mints, U-All-No, 37 Wadsworth's, 39 Minute Tapioca Co., Ill Mohawk Condensed Milk Co., 59 Valley Cider Co., 102 Molasses, 170, 171, 284, 285 and syrups, 165 Moller, Peter, 138 Monroe Cheese Co., 275 Monroe Co., 230 Monte Candy Shop, 237 Monte Fudge Chocolates, 237 Montserrat Lime-Fruit Juice, 23 Moras, Dr. E. R., 139 Morehouse Mills, 102, 148, 162 Morgan's, Enoch, Sons Co., 213 Morris & Co., 148, 278 Morton Salt Co., 255 Mounier, Ernest, 288 SS2 INDEX Moxley, Wm. J., 275 Moxie Co., 24 Mueller, C. F. Co., 94 Muhlens & KropflF, 195, 214 Mum (Deodorant), 196 Mum Mfg. Co., 196 Murray, Joseph T., 196 Mushroom (Sauce, 254 Mushrooms, canned, 66 Mustard, 98, 102, 105, 255 Muster ole, 139 Company, Inc., 139 Nabisco, 32 Nadinola Skin Purifier, 288 Nail Cleanser, Supreme, 296 Napoleon Pharmacal Co., 206 National Biscuit Co., 31, 234 Candy Co., 38 Canners' Association, 43 Oats Co., 76 Onion Salt Co., 102, 255 Pure Food Co., 65 Starch Co., Ill Toilet Co., 288, 301 Wafer Co., 237 White Cross League, 301, 307 Native Herbs, 132 Nesnah Desserts, 110 Nestle, Henri, 59 New England Confectionery Co., 38 Laboratory Co., 307 Maple Syrup Co., 102, 171 New Skin, 140 Company, 140 Nikola Bathing Compound and Weight Reducer, 140 Chemical Co., 140 North Maine Packing Co., 69 Northern Light Milling Co., 85 North western Consolidated. Milling Co., 85 Nosco Celery Seasoning, 255 Garlic Seasoning, 256 Nugatines, Huyler's, 36 Lowney's, 37 Park & Tilford's, 38 Nujol, 273 Numsen, Wm. & Sons, 69 Nunnally (Atlanta, Ga.), 38 Nut Cracker Jack, 39 Nut Cream Butter, Carque's, 147 Nutmeg Flavor, 119 0. T. Limited, 24 Oakland Chemical Co., 140 Oatmeal, Hornby's, 75 Oats, Cracked, 246 Purity, 247 Quaker, 77 Scott's Porage, 247 Obelisk Graham Flour, 249 Sanitary Bran, 249 Obesity Remedy, 136 Odor-0-No, 196 Odorono Co., 196 Oelrich & Berry Co., 284 Oil Products Co., Inc., 272 Okra, canned, 67, 68 Oleomargarine, 145 Baby Brand, 147 INDEX Oleomargarine, Downey's De- light, 274 Marigold, 148 Moxley's Gold Seal, 275 Moxley's Special, 275 Sweet Marie, 274 Swift's Jersey Brand, 148 Swift's Premium Brand, 148 Olive Oil, Adulterants in, 154, 153 Grapes, 135 Olive Oils, 154, 155, 156, 280 Olives, California Ehman, 161 Carque's California, 127 Del Monte Brand, 281 Queen, 161 Spanish Queen, 281 Olney, Burt, Packing Co., 69, 103, 162 Olmsted, Allen S., 140 Ongoline, 197 Onion Extract, 116, 119 Salt, 99, 102 Sauce, Anderco, 254 Onions, Pickled, 281 Orangeade, 23 Extract, 116, 118, 119, 262, 263 Oregon Fruit Co., 232 Orona Mfg. Co., 305 Oriental Manicure Specialty Co., 295 Oscar's Sauce, 98 Ovite, 111 Ovite Mfg. Co., Ill Ox Tongue, Libby's, 278 Pabst Brewing Co., 232 Pabst Extract, 232 Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Co., 59 Package Confectionery Co., 237 Packer Mfg. Co., 214, 305 Pakatin-Biscuit, 30 Palisade Manufacturing Co., 103 Pamunkey Mills Old Virginia Cornmeal, 85 Panama Banana Fruit Co., 16 Pancake Flour, Aunt Jemima's Brand, 82 Franklin, 249 H. 0. Buckwheat, 250 Uncle Jerry, 251 Teco Brand, 82 Paris Medicine Co., 135 Park & Tilford, 38, 171, 238 Parker's Hair Balsam, 189 Parmelee Mfg. Co., 260 ' Parmint, 270 Patch, The E. L. Co., 59 Pat6s de Foies Gras, 150 Peabody, Henry W., 125 Peach Flavor, 117, 119 Peaches, Del Monte Brand, 45 Cape Cod, 239 Evaporated, 127, 128 Himt Brothers, 46 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47 Richelieu, 239 Peanut Butters, 146 Beechnut Brand, 147 Heinz's, 148 Mrs. Morehouse's, 148 Nut-Let, 147 334 INDEX Peanut Oil, Delft, 280 Pears, A. F., Ltd., 214 Del Monte Brand, 46 Evaporated, 128 Hunt Brothers, 46 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47 Silver Lake Brand, 47 Troubadour Brand, 46 Peas, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 244, 245 Peck Bros. & Winch, 230 Peconut Crisp, 238 Penick & Ford, 171, 285 Peninsular Chemical Co., 288, 297, 301, 306, 308 Penslar Face Creams, 288 Pepper, 99, 100, 104 Pepper, Dr. Co., 24 Pepper Sauce, Tabasco, 100, 101 Peppermint Essence, 119, 121 Peppermint Lariot, 238 Peptonized Food, Thompson's, 60 Peredixo Cream, 177 Perfumes, 199, 200, 201, 297 Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss Chocolates Co., 8, 38 Peterson, H. S. & Co., 190 Phillips, Charles H., Chemical Co., 8 Phillips Packing Co., 69 Philo Hay Specialties Co., 190 Piccalilli, 281, 282 Pickles, 160, 161, 281, 282 Pickman, P. G. & Bros., 227 Pierce, S. S. Co., 25 Pike's Universal Toothache Drops, 133 Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., 85, 252 Pin Money Pickles, 282 Pinaud, Ed., 190, 200 Pineapple, Del Monte Brand, 45 extract, 116, 117, 119 Hawaiian Sliced, Paradise Island Brand, 46 Juice, 23 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47 Pineapple Juice, Clark's, 232 Dole's Pure Hawaiian, 23 Pineapple Marmalade, 160 Pistachio Flavor, 116, 117 Pistachios, 159 Pitkin, J. M. & Co., 120 Piver, L. T., 295, 297, 302 Pixoap Works, 306 Plexo Preparations, Inc., 183, 206 Plum Pudding, Alredie Brand, 257 Beale's English, 257 Heinz, 110 Old English, 259 Plums, canned, 162 Del Monte Brand, 46 Egg, 239 Troubadour Brand, 46 Piatt, Henry B., 272 Piatt's Chlorides, 272 Plymouth Rock Gelatin Co., 112 INDEX 335 Pompeian Company, 156 Mfg. Co., 183, 289 Massage Cream, 183 Pond, E. K. Packing Co., 151 Pond's Extract, 140 Pond's Extract Co., 140, 183, 308 Pork and Beans, canned, 67, 68, 70, 243, 245 Porto Rico Trading Co., Inc., 16 Post Toasties, 76 Postum Cereal Co., 16, 76 Potter Drug & Chemical Co., 141, 214 Potter & Wrightington, 16, 86 Poultry Seasoning, 98, 99 Powell's (New York), 38 Pozzoni, J. A. Pharmacal Co., 206 Pozzoni's Gold Puff Box, 206 Pratt-Low Preserving Co., 162 Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 183, 197, 207 Premium Fruit Flavors, 119 Preserves, 159, 160, 161, 162 adulterants in, 157 Price Baking Powder Co., 4 Price Flavoring Extract Co., 120 Priscilla Parsons Perspiration Preventative, 194 Pritchard, E., 103 Proctor & Gamble Co., 149, 214 Prophytol Antiseptic Solution, 272 Prophytol Products Co., 272, 308 Puddine, 258 Pudding, Plum, 110, 257, 259 Pudding, Ready Mixt, 257 Pumpkin, canned, 69 Pura Mfg. Co., 184, 207 Pure Gluten Food Co., 141 Pure Wheat Products, 83 Purina Mills, 85 Puritan Fruit Products Co., 25 Purity Oats Co., 247 Pyro Chemical Co., 222 Pyrodentor, 222 Quaker Oats Co., 77, 247 Puffed Rice, 77 Puffed Wheat, 77 Corn Puffs, 247 Quimby, W. S. Co., 16, 18 Quince Jam, 160 Rabb, Charles, 103 Racarma, 289, 298 Rae, S. & Co., 156 Raffeto, G. B., 260 Raisins, Berry Brand, 128 Blue Ribbon Brand, 128 Cresca, 128 Del Monte Brand, 127 Golden West Brand, 128 Ideal "Not-a-Seed," 127 Princess Brand, 129 Royal Scarlet, 129 White Rose California, 129 Ralston Purina Co., 77 Ramogen, 240 336 INDEX Randall Grape Juice Co., 232 Raspberries, Williamson Brand, 46 Raspberry Extract, 116, 117 Raw Food, Tyler's, 78 Ready Mixt Custard Pudding, 257 Icing and Filling, 257 Remmers, 214 Remmers, B. & Sons, 32 Resinol Soap Co, 215 Rex Wrinkle Pencil, 184 Rexall Tooth Powder, 223 Rheinstorm Brothers, 239 Rice, Apex Brand, 89 Carque's Natural Whole, 89 Comet Brand, 90 Great Valley Brown, 250 Hotel Astor, 89 Leggett's Natural Brown, 89 White Swan Granulated, 89 Rich, E. C, 112 Richardson & Robbins, 65, 151 Ricinol Grape, 135 Ridgeway House, 230 Ridgewood Orchard, 282 Rieger, the California Perfum- er, 200 Ritter Conserve Co., 103 Robertson Preserve Co., The James, 162 Roessler & Hasslacher Chemi- cal Co., 215 Roger & Gallet, 200, 215 Roman Meal, 85 Meal Co., 85 Root, A. I. Co., 285 Rosaline, 197 Rose Flavor, 118, 119, 120, 121 L. & Co., 25 Petal Wrinkle Cream Co., 184 Ross, W. A. & Sons, Ltd., 25 Royal Baking Powder, 4 Black Fruit Cake, 233 Lunch, 32 Mfg. Co., 184 Olvules, 138 Specialty Co., 65 Tooth Powder, 219 Rueckheim Bros. & Eckstein, 39, 141 Rumford Chemical Works, 4 Rusks, Holland, 29 Jireh Diatetic, 29 Russell-Miller Co., 86 Rye Flour, 250 S. & S. Co., 279, 282 Sachets, Azurea, 295 Salad Dressings, adulterants in, 96 Durkee's, 100 Howard's, 101 Mrs, Morehouse's Cream Brand, 102 My Wife's, 100 Premier, 255 Yacht Club, 105 Salada Tea Co., 18 Saleratus, Slade's, 4 Salmon, Clover Leaf, 265 Highwood Brand, 124 Red Heart Brand, 124 INDEX 337, Salmon, Royal Scarlet, 125 Salt, Ivory Shaker, 105 Morton's Free Running, 255 Shaker Table, 100 Saltine Biscuits, 32 Sam Katz Company, 141 Oxygen Treatment for Ca- tarrh, 141 San Tox Boro-Thymol, 269 Carbolized Witch Hazel Salve, 269 Sands, Taylor & Wood Co., 86 Sandwich, cheese, 31 Sanitol Chemical Laboratory Co., 223 Sardines, California, 123 Carnival, 264 Emery & Co.'s deviled, 124 Normanna, 266 Salome Brand, 123 Skipper, 125 Yacht Club, 264 Sargol, 142 Sargol Company, 142 Sarsaparilla, Hywaco, 24 Tally-Ho, 25 Sartoin, 175 Sasso, P. & Figli, 273 Sasso's Emulsion, 273 Sasso's Medicinal Olive Oil, 273 Sauce, Anchovy, 254 China Soy, 254 Chutney, 254 Mushroom, 254 Walnut Catsup, 254 Worcestershire, 101, 254 Sauer, C. F. Co., 120, 262 Sauer Kraut, canned, 68 Sausage, Deerfoot Farm, 277 Forest Home Farm, 150 Frank & Sons, 150, 277 Grand View Farm Produce Co.'s, 150 Hormel's, 278 Jones Dairy Farm, 151 Saut€ Products Corp., 275 Sawtay, 275 Saxo Salve, 271 Schieffelin & Co., 65, 138 Schorn & Brower, 230 Schraflft's (New York), 39 Schuyler, A. C, 25 Scott, A. & R., 247 Scrapple, Forest Home Farm, 150 Liberty Brand, 279 Sea Beach Packing Works, 125 Seaboard Rice Milling Co., 77, 90 Seaman Brothers, 69, 77, 129 Seele-Thompson Co., 190 Sel Amaigrissant, 133 "Sempre Giovine," 182 Shac (Headache Cure), 143 Shampoo, A. D. S. Liquid, 188 Canthrox, 190 Dorothy Vernon, 292 Foso Foam, 291 Gille's Spun Gold, 189 Johnson's Palm-Olive, 190 La vox, 190 Lee's Liquid, 290 Mulsified Cocoanut Oil, 293 Royal Olive Powder, 292 INDEX Shampoo, Stem's Liquid, 292 Swedish Hair Powder, 192 Ward's Dandru-Cide, 192 Vioma, 293 Powders, adulterants in, 187 Shane Brothers & Wilson Ck)., 86 Shaving Cream, San Tox, 286 Sheboygan Mineral Water Co., 25 Sheffield Dentifrice Co., 223 Sherer-Gillett Co., 263 Shredded Wheat Co., 77 Shrimp, Davis's, 124 Shure-Whip, 261 Sills, John S. & Sons, 70 Simon, J., 184 Skin Food, 180, 181 Skinner Mfg. Co., 263 Slade, D. L. & Co., 4, 104, 121 Smith, B. D., 261 Smith, J. Hungerford, Grape Juice Co., 232 Smith, Kline & French, 59 Snaparoons, 234 Snider, T. A., Preserves Co., 105, 245 Soap, A. D. S. Improved Foot, 210 A. D. S. Kurakutic, 210 Carnation, 306 Cashmere Bouquet, 211 Colgate's Heliotrope, 211 Cuticura, 214 Fairy, 211 Forget-me-not, 306 Foso, 291 Soap, Glenn's Sulphur, 211 H. and H, Cleaner, 305 Hand Sapolio, 213 Hind's Honey and Almond Cream, 212 Hudnut's Violet Sec, 212 Ivory, 214 Jap-Rose, 213 Jergen's Violet Glycerine, 212 Jersey Cream, 306 Johnson's Palm Olive, 212 Klein's Glycerin, 213 Lifebuoy Health, 213 Lilac Toilet, 306 Lilly's Liquid, 213 Olivilo, 215 Orona Lily Cream, 305 Packer's Liquid Tar, 305 Packer's Tar, 214 Pears, 214 Perfect Cold Cream, 304 Peroxide Zinc, 215 Pixoap Tar, 306 ilemmer's Peroxide, 214 Resinol, 215 Savon de Toilette Luxor, 211 Savon Sylvodora, 306 Savon Violette, 215 Sop-o-zon, 304 Suprema Violet, 306 Synol, 213 Vaseline, 304 White Rose Glycerin, 214 Williams', 306 Woodbury's Facial, 212 Zap, 211 INDEX 339 Soaps, cleansing power, 209 Society Alsacienne D'Alimenta- tion, 238 Soft drinks, impurities of, 19 Soups, Condensed, Richardson & Bobbin's, 65 Campbeirs, 62, 242 Franco-American, 63 Heinz's, 242 Knorr's, 63 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 64 Puro Brands, 65 W. C. Beale Fish Co.'s, 242 Yours Truly, 63 Southern California Fish Co., 125 Cotton Oil Co., 156 Mfg. Co., 225 Southwestern Milling Co., 87 Sozodont Tooth Paste, 220 Spaghetti, Faust Brand, 94 Fould's, 93 food qualities, 91 Heinz canned, 93 Mueller's, 94 Skinner Mfg. Co.'s, 253 Uncle Sam, 253 Van Camp's canned, 94 Spencer Kellogg & Sons, 143 Spices, 98 Colburn's, 98, 99 Fischer & Co.'s, 100 Slade's, 104 Stickney & Poor's, 105 Spinach, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 Sponge Lady Fingers, 32 Sprague, Warner & Co., 16, 105, 239, 245 Squire, John P. & Co., 279 Stafford-Miller Co., 207 Standard Bottling & Extract Co., 25 Standard Oil Co., 273 Stearns, Frederick & Co., 143 Steero Bouillon Cubes, 65 Stein, M., Cosmetic Co., 289 Stenzie, 197 Stenzie Mfg. Co., 197 Sterizol (Antiseptic), 143 Sterizol Sales Co., 143 Stern & Saalberg, 238 Sterns, Detroit, 289, 292, 296, 302, 306 Stewart, R. N. Co., 129 Stickney & Poor Spice Co., 105, 121 Stillman's Freckle Cream Co., 185 Stollwerck Brothers, Inc., 9 Strawberries, Boyle's Victory Brand, 45 Strawberry Extract, 116, 117, 120, 263 String Beans, canned, 6G, 67, 69, 70 Stromeyer, J, & Co., 172 Succotash, canned, 67, 69, 243 Suchard (Switzerland), 39 Sugar, cane and beet, 163 Crystal Domino, 169 invert, 164 Sugar of Milk, Patch's, 59 S40 INDEX Sulpho-Napthol, 143 Sulpho-Napthol Co., 143 Sunshine Biscuit, Wafers, etc., 30, 31 Golden Flakes, 233 Supreme Nail Cleanser, 296 Sutol Rouge, 295 Swans Down Cracked Wheat, 84 Swedish Hair Powder, 191 *'Sweetina," Hoyt's, 141 Swift & Co., 148, 152, 279 Syrup, Crystal Domino, 169 Park & Tilford's Amber, 171 Penn Mar Brand, 172 Velva Brand, 171 Syrups, adulterants in, 167 and molasses, 165 Tabasco Pepper Sauce, Gai- dry's, 100 Mcllhenny's, 101 Takoma Biscuit, 31 Talcum Puff Co., 302 Tapioca, Instantaneous, 109 Minute, 111 New Process Hasty, 109 Taroena, 241 Taroena Food Co., 241 Tea, Ceylon Indian Blend, 230 Dalmoy Blend, 17 Golden Dome Orange Pekoe, 18 Hotel Astor, 17 House of Lords Ceylon, 17 Juno Mat€ Paraguayan, 17 Lip ton's, 18 Tea, London Blend Brand, 17 Magic Cup Soluble, 17 "My Own" Blend, 18 Ridgeway's, 230 Royal Garden, 228 Royal Stag, 18 Salada, 18 Sa-Sa-Ma Brand, 17 Standard HE-NO, 17 Tetley's, 18 White House Brand Orange Pekoe, 17 Tebbetts & Garland Store, 230 Teco Brand Buckwheat and other Flours, 83 Tetley, Joseph & Co., 18 Tetlow, Henry, 207 Theobromin in chocolate, 5 Three Millers Co., 261 Thompson's Hemo, 60 Food Peptonized, 60 Thompson's Malted Food Co., 60 Malted Milk, 60 Tildesley & Co., 105 Tiz, 134 Toasterettes, Educator, 30 Toilet Powder, A. D. S., Ma- jestic Lilac Talc, 203 Air Float, 302 Armour's, 203 Baby Talc, 299 Baby Bunting, 300 Carmen Complexion, 207 Cashmere Bouquet, 299 Casma Talcum, 204 INDEX 841 Toilet Powder, Colgate's Violet Talcum, 204 Corylopsis, 299 Dactylis, 299 Debutante, 300 Dr. Pray's Hy-Gen-ia, 207 Eclat, 299 Elcaya Rice Powder, 204 Freeman's Medicated, 204 Geisha, 208 Gill6's, 204 Heyer's Prickly Heat Pow- der, 205 Hudnut's Violet Sec, 205 Hymettus Rose-Violet, 207 Ingram's Velveola, 300 Jap-Rose Talcum, 205 Kutch Sandalwood, 208, 303 La Blanche, 205 La Tosca Rose, 303 Lillian Russell's Purity, 300 Marinello, 206 Mennen's, 206 Nadine, 301 Napoleon Lilac Aseptic, 206 No-Talc, 299 Oriental Wistaria Talcum, 205 Penslar, 301 Plexo Evening White, 206 Poudre de Riz, 301 Poudre de Riz, Azurea, 302 Pozzoni's Gold Puff Box, 206 Toilet Powder, Priscilla Par- sons Face Powder, 203 Riveris Talcum, 205 Royal Violet, 203 San Toy Talcum, 208 San Tox, 300 Suprema, 302 Tetlow's Superb Gossamer, 207 Velveton Complexion Beau- tifier, 301 Violatalc, 302 Violet, 301 Vogue Liquid Complexion, 208 Vogue Poudre de Riz, 208 White Complexion, 301 Williams Violet Talcum, 208 Wistaria Blossom Tale, 208 Toilet Water, 199, 200, 201, 297 To-Kalon Mfg. Co., Inc., 185, 191 Tokstad, R., 266, 276 Tomatoes, canned, 66, 67, 70, 243 Tongue, Red Cross Brand, 151 Tonic, "O. T.,'* 24 Tooth Paste, A. D. S. Peredixo, 219 Burrill's, 307 Colgate's Ribbon Dental Cream, 220 Kolynos, 221 Lavoris, 221 Luxor, 219 342 INDEX Tooth Paste, Oraline, 309 Pebeco, 221 Penslar, 308 Pond's, 308 Prophytol Antiseptic, 308 Pyrodento, 223 San Tox, 307 Sanative, 307 Sanitol, 223 Scheffield's, 223 Sozodont, 220 Powder, A. D. S. Peroxide, 219 Burrill's, 307 Calox, 222 Dentacura, 220 Grave's Unequalled, 307 Lyon's Perfect, 221 misleading claims for, 216- 218 Penslar, 308 Prophytol, 309 Rexall, 223 Royal, 219 Toothache Drops, Pike's Uni- versal, 133 Tonrnade's Kitchen Bouquet, 103 Towle Maple Products Co., 172 Tropical Fruit Juice Co., 232 Troubadour Brand Canned Fruits, 46 Tryphosa, 112 Tima, Avalon Brand, 125 Blue Sea, 125 Tuna, Panama Brand, 266 Twitchell-Champlin Co., 70 Tyler, Byron, 78 Uncle Sam Breakfast Food Co., 78 Uncle Sam Macaroni Co., 253 Health Food, 78 Underwood, W. M. Co., 152 Uneeda Biscuits, 32 United Berne Zurich Choeolat Mfg. Co., 39 United Cereal Mills, Ltd., 78 Drug Co., 223, 293 Usoline Oil, 272 Vagt, R., 172 Van Buskirk's Sozodont Tooth Paste, 220 Van Houten & Sons (Holland), 9 Van Camp Packing Co., 60, 70, 94 Vanheller, 262 Van-Ola, 183 Van-Thomas Co., 125 Vanilla Extract, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 262, 263 Vanillin, definition of, 114 Vantine, A. A. & Co., 200, 208, 303 Vaseline, 132, 133, 268 Veal Loaf, Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 151 Vegetable extract, Vegex, 62 Vegex Bouillon Cubes, 242 Vermont Maple Sugar Makers' Market, 172 Vibert, F., 191 Victoria Tea Co., 18 INDEX 343 Vienna Sugar Fingers, 31 Vieno Bran, 82 Vieno-Self-Raising Bran Meal, 82 Vinegar, Crosse & Blackwell's, 100 Heinz's, 101 Marzahl's, 102 Mohawk Valley Cider Co/s, 102 Pinard Brand, 99 Wayne County Produce Co.'a, 105 Vinegars, adulterants in, 97 Vinol, 271 Viona Co., 293 Vogt, F. G. & Sons, 279 Vogue Perfumery Co., 201, 208 Wadsworth Chocolate Co., 39 Wafers, Chocolate, 31 Educator, 30 Epic, 31 Ivins' Bonnie, 29 Ivins' Lunch-on-Thin, 29 Sunshine Dessert, 31 Sunshine Tan San, 31 Surprise, 237 Wintergreen Nawaco, 237 Vanilla, 32 Wakelee's Camelline, 180 Waldeyer & Betts, 192 Warden Company, 192 Ward's Dandru-Cide Shampoo, 191 Washburn-Croshy Co., 87, 252 Washington Crisps, 78 Watkins, R. L. Co., 293 Watson, Angus & Co., 125 Wayne Coimty Produce Co., 105 Waw-Waw Sauce Co., 105 Webster, Fred L., 70 Weight, net, of canned goods, 42 Welch Brothers Maple Co., 172 Grape Juice Co., 25 Wesson Snowdrift Oil, 156 West Disinfecting Co., 144 Wheat Bran, Sterilized, 251 Wheat, cracked, 84, 247 Wheat Food, Ralston, 77 Wheat, Shredded, 77 Wheat-a-Laxa, 252 Wheatena Company, 78 White Cross Toilet Powder Co., 296 White, John F., 70 White, S. S. Dental Mfg. Co., 309 White Stokes Co., Inc., 261 Whitman, Stephen F. & Son, Inc., 9, 40, 112 Wilbur, H. O. & Sons, 40 Wildroot Chemical Co., 192 Willamette Valley Prune Ass'n, 129 Williams, J. B. Co., 208, 290, 298, 303, 306 Williams, R. C. & Co., 70, 125, 129 Wincarnis, 22 Windermere Ranch, 280 Wintergreen essence, 117, 120 344 INDEX Woodbury '8 Facial Soap, 212 Woodcock Macaroni Co., 94 Wool Heal, 144 Woolheal Chemical Co., 144 Worcester Salt Co., 105 Worcestershire Sauce, Anderco, 254 Worcestershire Sauce, Hol- brook's, 101 Lea & Perrins', 101 Wrinkle Eradicator, 194 Wrisley, Allen B. Co., 201, 208, 215 Wulfing, A. & Co., 131 Wyeth, John & Bro., 25 Yarmouth Bloaters, 265 Yeast, Corby Brothers*, 3 Fleischmann's, 3 Zanol Flavoring Extracts, 262 Zinc Ointment, 268 Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps, 32 Zwieback, 234 . °o ■V . •^^0^ * A V "^ • -„«' .o- •n-0^ 0" . rV^<.\. c°'*';-;^'> .Z.-^;:: ^Ao« V" ..^^l', CV ,0^ .'••- v