-_ — -. 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRES^ 
 
 wpqt* lupi|ngt;t If a-.. -...: 
 
 Shelf £ 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE WORK DONE BY THE 
 
 U. S. S. ENTERPRISE 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING DURING 1883-1886. 
 
 Captain A. S. BARKER, U. S. N. 
 
 ( uOV 2 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 JOHN WILEY & SONS, 
 
 53 East Tenth Street. 
 
 1892. 
 
& 
 
 
 Qp 
 
 COYPRIGHT, 189a, ' 
 BY 
 
 A. S. BARKER. 
 
 Robert Drummond, Ferris Bros., 
 
 Electrotyper, Printers, 
 
 IU & 446 Pearl Street, 886 Pearl Street, 
 
 New York. New York. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction i 
 
 Chapter I. — Assume Command of the Enterprise 9 
 
 Voyage of Cape Town via Cape de Verde Islands. 
 
 Chapter II. — Voyage from Cape Town to China 29 
 
 Simons Bay. — Port Elizabeth. — Natal. — Madagascar. — Comoro 
 Islands. — Zanzibar. — Seychelle Islands. — Straits of Sunda. — Warned 
 by a Dutch Man-of-War of the Dangers to Navigation occasioned by 
 the Eruption of Krakatoa. — Destruction of Anjer. — Arrival at 
 Batavia. — Singapore. 
 
 Chapter III. — Homeward Bound 62 
 
 Receive Orders to proceed with the Enterprise to the United 
 States via Australia. — Hong Kong. — Sourabaya, Java. — Albany, West 
 Australia. — Melbourne, Victoria. — Wellington, New Zealand. — Run 
 Line of Deep-sea Soundings from Wellington to Magellan Straits. — 
 Sandy Point. — Montevideo, Uruguay. 
 
 Chapter IV.— Homeward Bound— (Continued) 97 
 
 Discover an Extensive Bank. — Connect with Line of Soundings 
 taken in 1883 by the Enterprise on Outward Voyage, and thus com- 
 plete the Circumnavigation of the Globe. — Barbados. — St. Thomas. — 
 New York. — Enterprise goes out of Commission. 
 
 Table Summarizing the Soundings taken throughout the Cruise 110 
 
 List of Officers attached to the Enterprise on the Day of Sailing 
 from Norfolk, December 27, 1882 128 
 
 List of Officers attached to the Enterprise upon her Return to 
 the United States, March, 1886 129 
 
 List of Men who were on Board the Enterprise during the Whole 
 Cruise 130 
 
 List of Men who went out in the Ship but did not return in her. . 132 
 
IV CONTENTS. 
 
 PASS 
 
 List of Men who were on Board at End of Cruise but were not on 
 
 Board at the Beginning of the Cruise 133 
 
 Charts: 
 
 Soundings taken in the Indian Ocean while en route to the Asiatic Sta- 
 tion, in June, July, August, and September, 1883. 
 Soundings taken in the South Pacific Ocean on returning to the United 
 
 States, in October, November, and December, 1885. 
 Soundings taken in the North and South Atlantic Oceans in 1883 and 
 1886. 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Standing against the wall of the Hydrographic Office 
 are two large plaster casts showing the contour of the 
 bottoms of the North and South Atlantic Oceans with 
 their submarine peaks, plateaux, and depressions as 
 revealed by deep-sea soundings. Prominent thereon 
 are two submarine peaks in the South Atlantic Ocean 
 and an extensive sand-bank several hundred miles from 
 the coast of South America, which were discovered by 
 the Enterprise while on a cruise around the world from 
 1883 to 1886 when deep-sea soundings were taken across 
 the Atlantic, Indian, and South Pacific oceans. There 
 is also shown to the northward of Porto Rico the deepest 
 depression yet discovered in the North Atlantic, and into* 
 this the Enterprise sounded, bringing up a specimen of 
 the bottom from a depth of 4529 fathoms, the position 
 of the cast being within 40 miles of that taken by Com- 
 mander Brovynson in the Blake, which showed a depth 
 of 4561 fathoms and which to this day remains the deep- 
 est cast ever taken in the Atlantic Ocean. 
 
2 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 As little is known of the work of the Enterprise, I 
 have concluded to publish a brief account of the voyage 
 in so far as it relates to deep-sea sounding, thinking it 
 may be of some interest to the naval service at large. 
 
 The sounding apparatus used was the Sigsbee Im- 
 proved Sir William Thomson's, consisting of a reel with 
 accumulator and a small reeling-in engine. This reel, 
 which was of the ordinary service type of that day, was 
 completely crushed while on the way to South Africa, 
 and a new one, designed by Chief Engineer H. D. 
 McEwan, was made at Cape Town by the mechanics on 
 board ship, the only expense to the government being 
 the cost of the material. This improved reel was in 
 service during the remainder of the cruise, and was 
 so strongly constructed that, without being injured, it 
 reeled up a 6o-pound shot from a depth of 271 1 fathoms. 
 It was made as follows: Two steel diaphragms were 
 placed at equal distances between the two outer steel 
 faces of the reel, and all parts thoroughly secured in 
 place by through-bolts, the outer periphery upon which 
 the wire was wound being also composed wholly of these 
 bolts. 
 
 The specimen cups supplied were of different kinds, 
 viz., Belknap's No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3, and Sigsbee's 
 Improved Belknap No. 2. During the cruise other cups 
 were used, the best of which, the " Enterprise," was a 
 modified Belknap No. 2 made on board ship. 
 
 The wire was partly of American and partly of Eng- 
 lish manufacture, of No. 22 Birmingham gauge. The 
 
INTRODUCTION. 3 
 
 sinkers were 8-inch shot weighing from 60 to 64 
 pounds each, with a hole through the centre sufficiently 
 large to permit the entrance and free movement of the 
 specimen cup. 
 
 A full description of the instruments, of the manner 
 of using the machine, and of preparing the wire is found 
 in " A Report on Deep-sea Soundings in the Pacific 
 Ocean obtained in the United States Steamer Tuscarora 
 by Commander George E. Belknap, U. S. N.," and in 
 Lieutenant-Commander Charles D. Sigsbee's elaborate 
 and valuable work on " The Methods and Appliances 
 used on board the Coast and Geodetic Survey Steamer 
 Blake. " 
 
 As, however, the method of taking the casts by the 
 Enterprise differed somewhat from that adopted by the 
 officers of the Tuscarora and Blake, I will state briefly 
 our own way of sounding. 
 
 The Enterprise cruised under sail, with propeller 
 uncoupled ; but as steam was necessary to insure a good 
 cast it was our custom to haul up and furl the mainsail, 
 if set, and start fires in two of the six boilers at least 
 two hours before sounding. When steam was ready, sail 
 was shortened and furled, the ship brought head to wind, 
 the propeller " coupled up " by the engineer force below ; 
 hence by the time sail was furled the engines were 
 ready for use. The navigator, who had everything in 
 readiness to sound, would now relieve the officer of the 
 deck of so much of his duties as pertained to the hand- 
 ling of the vessel, because, standing almost directly over 
 
4 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 the wire, he was in the best position to see if it tended 
 forward or aft, away from or under the ship, and hence 
 with a judicious use of the helm he could keep the wire 
 " up and down " by working the engines ahead or astern. 
 
 Sometimes, owing to a strong undercurrent or to the 
 peculiar state of the sea in reference to the wind, it was 
 difficult to keep the vessel in position, but this seldom 
 happened. 
 
 When the wire had been reeled in, the ship was put 
 on her course, sail made, fires hauled, and the propeller 
 uncoupled. Lieutenant Geo. A. Norris, U. S. N., took 
 each cast from the United States to the Straits of Sunda, 
 or across the Atlantic and Indian oceans. He had been 
 on similar duty with Commander Belknap in the 
 Tuscarora in 1874. The Tuscarora, however, almost 
 always had her stern to the wind and sea when a cast 
 was taken (see report of Tuscarora's soundings before 
 referred to), while the Enterprise very seldom got in that 
 position. In fact, on her homeward trip in 1885, while 
 sounding in the high latitudes of the South Pacific 
 between New Zealand and Cape Horn, it would have 
 been impossible to run a line satisfactorily had it been 
 necessary to lay the stern of the Enterprise to the wind 
 and sea. 
 
 Lieutenant Adolph Marix, U. S. N., took the casts 
 on the return voyage to the United States, "Mr. Norris 
 having become the executive officer. 
 
 Mr. Norris made use of the " foot-break" when sound- 
 ing; Mr. Marix, after taking a few casts, discarded the 
 
INTRODUCTION. 5 
 
 *' foot-break," but used a " friction line," making one end 
 of the line fast to the platform of the reel, then leading 
 the free end over the friction groove in the direction in 
 which the reel was turning, keeping hold of the line with 
 his left hand. He could thus look about him with 
 greater freedom and could control perfectly the move- 
 ment of the reel and tell with certainty the instant the 
 sinker struck bottom. 
 
 When sounding in the South Pacific it was found that 
 the vessel could be kept in position with comparative 
 ease, even in rough seas and during moderate gales, by 
 using the spanker with sheet to windward, sometimes 
 assisted by the main trysail with its sheet also to wind- 
 ward (thus keeping the wind slightly on the starboard 
 bow), and by moving the engine ahead just enough to 
 stem the wind and sea. Notwithstanding the heavy 
 seas and bad weather in these high southern latitudes 
 not a cast was omitted in the whole line. 
 
 I have copied freely from the log-book and my private 
 journal in reference to this particular line, as it was run 
 as far south as the sailing directions advised vessels to 
 go at that season of the year on account of ice, and in a 
 portion of the globe which has hitherto received little 
 attention in the matter of deep-sea soundings. Even to 
 this day (1892), more than six years having elapsed, the 
 charts do not show a single deep-sea cast to the southward 
 of the line run by the Enterprise and but few soundings 
 for some degrees of latitude to the northward. 
 
 In the line run between Montevideo, Uruguay, and 
 
6 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 Barbados in the West Indies, in 1886, many of the casts 
 when within the tropics were taken with sails clewed 
 up and topsail yards mast-headed, the breeze as a rule 
 being light and the sea comparatively smooth, steam, 
 however, being used as before. When the wire had 
 been reeled in to about 2000 fathoms, sufficient sail was 
 made to give the vessel a speed of not more than four 
 knots; when in to 1000 fathoms, all sail was made and 
 the propeller uncoupled. At Cape Town the upper 
 platform of the accommodation ladder was fitted to ship 
 on the starboard side of the vessel in line with but below 
 the level of the bridge, forward of the smoke-pipe, 
 and the sounding apparatus was transferred from the 
 starboard gangway to the bridge. This was an improve- 
 ment, and all casts after leaving Cape Town were taken 
 with the reel in this position. When this change was 
 made an iron pipe was fitted to lead from the main 
 boilers of the ship to the small "reeling" engine, taking 
 the place of the flexible rubber pipe formerly used. This 
 engine being small required a pressure of 60 pounds of 
 steam to reel in the cup from moderate depths, which of 
 course necessitated keeping as high a pressure on the 
 main boilers of the ship to which the steam-pipe was 
 connected. As a result a greater steam-pressure was 
 required to reel in the wire than to run the ship's engines 
 while sounding. It would have been, therefore, more 
 economical had we been furnished with a larger "reel- 
 ing " engine, — one requiring a less pressure of steam. 
 The Enterprise had six cylindrical boilers. Two of 
 
INTRODUCTION. 7 
 
 these were reserved for distilling water, and were seldom 
 used for steaming except in cases of emergency, and it 
 was my usual custom during the cruise to use only two 
 boilers when steaming, as this number was found suffi- 
 cient under favorable circumstances to drive the vessel 
 six knots an hour on a daily consumption of six tons 
 of coal. 
 
 The superiority of good bituminous coal for the work 
 of sounding was clearly demonstrated. After many 
 experiments it was proved that the most economical way 
 to sound was to start fires for each cast, unless more than 
 two were to be taken in twenty-four hours, and to haul 
 fires as soon as the cast was finished, although for par- 
 ticular reasons fires were sometimes permitted to die 
 out instead of being hauled. When anthracite coal was 
 used, fires had to be kept banked between casts, which 
 prevented the use of the mainsail, because with the 
 smokepipe lowered (its usual position when cruising) 
 the wind which was forced down the funnel would put 
 out the fires ; while with the smokepipe raised the main- 
 sail could not be set. With bituminous coal, however, 
 the mainsail could be used twenty hours out of the 
 twenty-four, because fires were hauled as soon as the cast 
 was taken. 
 
 Under favorable circumstances it required only about 
 one-half ton of Cardiff coal for each cast, hence we 
 invariably purchased soft coal after leaving the United 
 States. 
 
 One thing more is worthy of note, viz. : notwith- 
 
8 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 standing the fact that fires were started in the boilers so 
 often, we did not purchase a stick of cord-wood from the 
 time the Enterprise left the Cape de Verde Islands until 
 the end of the cruise, a period of over three years, but 
 started fires with empty boxes and barrels which, instead 
 of being thrown overboard, were carefully saved for this 
 purpose. 
 
 Particular mention is due to Lieutenant Geo. A. 
 Norris, Lieutenant Adolph Marix, and Chief Engineer 
 H. D. McEwan, whose intelligence, zeal, and devotion 
 to duty could not be surpassed. 
 
 These officers were more intimately connected with 
 the work than the others, Mr. Norris being the navigator 
 on the outward, and Mr. Marix on the return voyage, 
 while Chief Engineer McEwan personally superintended 
 everything connected with his own department — keep- 
 ing it in perfect order, besides assisting in other ways to 
 the success of the work in hand. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 
 
 VOYAGE TO CAPE TOWN VIA CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. 
 
 On the 4th of December, 1882, while in command of 
 the monitor Montauk at League Island, orders were 
 received detaching me from that vessel and directing me 
 to proceed " without delay " to Norfolk, Va., to take 
 command of the U. S. S. Enterprise. On the 8th of 
 December I assumed command, relieving my old friend 
 and classmate Commander E. M. Shepard, U. S. N. 
 
 The Enterprise had already been in commission 
 
 about one year and had proved herself one of the fastest 
 
 and most efficient vessels on the North Atlantic Station. 
 
 She was a bark-rigged steam corvette of 1375 tons 
 
 displacement. Her maximum speed under steam alone 
 
 was 1 1.7 knots an hour, while under sail with a fair breeze 
 
 and propeller uncoupled she could make from 7 to 10 
 
 knots according to the force of the wind and the state 
 
 of the sea. Her battery consisted of one 150-pdr. rifle 
 
 pivot ; one 60-pdr. rifle, on topgallant forecastle ; four 
 
 9-inch Dahlgren smooth-bore guns ; one 3-inch B. L. 
 
 rifle ; one Gatling gun ; two howitzers for use in boats 
 
 and for saluting purposes. She carried 195 officers, 
 
 sailors, and marines. 
 
 9 
 
IO DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 To gather information concerning foreign ports and 
 to show the flag where it had not been seen for years, 
 if indeed ever before, the Department had adopted the 
 wise policy of sending our men-of-war to join their sta- 
 tions by different routes. The Enterprise had been 
 assigned to the Asiatic Station, and the route selected 
 was via the Cape de Verde Islands and Cape of Good 
 Hope. From the Cape we were to cruise along the 
 coast of South Africa, thence to Madagascar, thence to 
 the Comoro Islands and Zanzibar. From Zanzibar we 
 were to cross the Indian Ocean to the Straits of Sunda, 
 and from thence proceed to China, touching at Borneo 
 and other places. 
 
 As this cruise would afford an excellent opportunity 
 to add to our knowledge of the ocean's bed, a deep-sea 
 sounding apparatus was put on board, with cups, sinkers, 
 wire, etc., and instructions were given to sound on the 
 way out, if practicable, at intervals of ioo miles. 
 
 Pamphlets were mailed from the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution treating of the manner of stuffing birds, preserv- 
 ing fishes, etc., and a hope was expressed by letter that 
 we might be able to collect valuable specimens for the 
 National Museum ; but no alcohol, jars, or instruments 
 came with the letter, neither was authority given to 
 purchase any. 
 
 We were directed to swing ship every 15 degrees of 
 latitude and longitude made good, and also when on the 
 magnetic equator ; to swing first with starboard helm, 
 then with port helm, and occasionally with the vessel 
 
ASSUME COiMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. II 
 
 listed from 6 to 10 degrees, care to be taken to " keep 
 steady " on each point at least four minutes. These 
 instructions were issued for three purposes : (i) to find 
 our own compass errors ; (2) to familiarize the officers 
 with the method employed in swinging iron ships ; and 
 (3) to ascertain the magnetic variation in various parts 
 of the world. 
 
 After taking our powder on board at Fort Norfolk, 
 we weighed anchor on the 28th of December, 1882, 
 steamed to Lynn Haven Bay in the Chesapeake, and 
 awaited a favorable opportunity to swing ship. Bad or 
 cloudy weather detained us for several days, but at last 
 the required observations were made successfully. 
 
 I will here state that to heel the ship 7 without 
 moving the guns, it was found necessary to shift over 
 to the starboard side all the extra coal which we had in 
 bags on deck, empty the port boilers of water, and lower 
 the port boats, hanging them by tackles to the starboard 
 fore and main yard-arms. 
 
 Our last letters were sent to Norfolk by a light-house 
 tender which was entering the bay, and on the 2d of 
 January, 1883, we proceeded to sea, passing Cape Henry 
 at 5.30 p. m. 
 
 The navigator had already spliced together and reeled 
 off more than 6000 fathoms of sounding wire, and had 
 set up the reel and engine in the starboard gangway 
 ready for work. 
 
 The passage to the Cape de Verde Islands was an 
 unusually stormy one, even for the month of January, 
 
12 DEEP-SKA SOUNDING. 
 
 the weather at the start being gloomy and disagree- 
 able. 
 
 On the 7th a gale sprung up from the S.S.W., which 
 was followed by a succession of heavy gales in the Gulf 
 Stream on the 10th, nth, 12th, and 13th, veering from 
 the S.W. to N.N.W., accompanied by high and 
 irregular seas. The ship, laden with provisions, stores, 
 and a deck-load of coal, rolled deeply. 
 
 On the 10th the second cutter was struck by a heavy 
 sea and torn from her davits. 
 
 On the 1 6th of January it became sufficiently 
 smooth to warrant taking a cast. The reel and engine, 
 which on the appearance of bad weather had been taken 
 in-board, were again mounted on the flying platform and 
 secured in the starboard gangway, with outer end pro- 
 jecting sufficiently over the side of the ship to allow the 
 wire to run clear. 
 
 As the apparatus had not been tried previously, the 
 first cast was taken under difficulties. The machine 
 worked stiffly and the connecting hook of the leather 
 belt broke several times. Then an improvised manila 
 belt was tried, but, failing to give satisfaction, was 
 replaced by the original leather belt, which in the mean 
 time had been repaired by discarding the hooks and 
 securing the ends together. 
 
 A depth of 28^4 fathoms was found inlat. 35 35' N., 
 long. 48 22' W. Character of bottom, gray ooze, 
 with sand and small shells. The whole time occupied 
 in this our first cast was nearly five hours. 
 
ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 1 3 
 
 On the 19th the second cast was taken in 2166 fath- 
 oms, lat. 31 12' 47" N., long. 42 34' 48" W. Char- 
 acter of bottom, gray ooze, with sand and minute shells. 
 
 While reeling in, the flange opposite the V-groove 
 tore with a loud report for a distance of nearly 18 inches, 
 although the reel was not subjected to an unusual strain. 
 The fracture was in the metal itself, not at the welding, 
 and in the line of the washers to the outer row of bolts. 
 At the time of the accident 1900 fathoms were out and 
 everything was working smoothly. Fortunately the 
 wire did not part. The reel was repaired on board by 
 bolting securely to it a sheet-iron band 4 inches wide and 
 I- inch thick, cut to coincide with the outer circum- 
 ference of the flange. 
 
 On the 22d, 23d, and 24th a heavy gale, beginning 
 at the northward and westward and ending at about 
 E.N.E., was experienced, making it necessary to lie to 
 for the greater part of the time. 
 
 On the 27th the reel was repaired and the third cast 
 taken in 2698 fathoms, lat. 27 37' 57" N., long. 33 
 56' 45" W. Character of bottom the same as in the 
 last cast, viz., gray ooze, with sand and minute shells. 
 The belt parted while reeling in, and a new one was tried. 
 The whole time occupied in taking this cast was 2 hrs. 
 29 min. 
 
 On the 28th the fourth cast was taken in 3093 fath- 
 oms, lat. 26 47' N., long. 31 58' W. Bottom, red 
 ooze, mixed with sand and shells. 
 
 In the above four casts the Miller-Casella self-regis- 
 
14 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 tering thermometer was used to ascertain the tempera- 
 ture of the bottom, the results being 36 , 36^°, 36 , and 
 37° Fahr., respectively, the surface temperatures being 
 66°, 69 , 71 , and 72 Fahr. 
 
 These were the only casts taken before reaching the 
 Cape de Verdes, but they had served to demonstrate the 
 weakness of the reel and the bad working of the leather 
 belts. 
 
 We arrived at St. Vincent, Porto Grande, before 
 daylight on the morning of the 2d of February, 1883, 
 and as soon as possible filled up with excellent Welsh 
 coal, taking twenty-five tons on deck. The usual visits 
 of ceremony were made while the vessel was fitting 
 for sea. 
 
 The importance of St. Vincent as a coaling station 
 can scarcely be overestimated. It has cable communi- 
 cation with the continent and lies directly in the route 
 of steamers running from Europe to South America and 
 other portions of the globe. During the year 1882, 
 180,000 tons of coal were supplied to steamers touching 
 at this port. 
 
 When the Enterprise visited St. Vincent no drinking- 
 water could be obtained except What was distilled on 
 shore, but I understand that good fresh water is now 
 conducted through pipes from the mountains to the 
 harbor. 
 
 On the 8th of February the Enterprise left St. Vin- 
 cent for Porto Praya, where she arrived on the following 
 day, having taken two casts en route, viz., one on the 
 
ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 1 5 
 
 8th, in 1471 fathoms, lat. i6° 35' N., long. 24 52' 
 W., the bottom being red sand mixed with shells; and 
 the other on the 9th, in 1061 fathoms, lat. 14 57' N., 
 long. 23 51' W. Owing to the carelessness of the 
 attendant his guiding-rod slipped and 703 fathoms of 
 wire were lost with the specimen-cup. Before entering 
 port the ship was swung for compass deviations, after 
 which we exercised at target-firing. We remained at 
 Porto Praya just long enough to make official calls and 
 to lay in fresh provisions. 
 
 Porto Praya is also an important coaling station, 
 60,000 tons of coal having been delivered to steamers 
 during the year 1882. It has the advantage over St. 
 Vincent in respect to supplies. Fruit and poultry abound, 
 and fresh water is conducted from the mountains in the 
 interior through pipes to a large cistern in town. 
 
 A contract for laying a submarine cable to the con- 
 tinent had just been signed, and the cable has since been 
 successfully laid. 
 
 On the afternoon of the 10th we sailed from Porto 
 Praya for Cape Town, finding the northeast trade winds 
 fairly strong when away from the land. 
 
 A course was shaped to cross the equator between 
 25 and 26 west longitude, and before night a cast was 
 taken in 2742 fathoms, lat. 12 io' N., long. 23 45' W. 
 
 In reeling in, the composition part of the specimen- 
 cup, Belknap No. 2, became unscrewed, and the speci- 
 men was lost. 
 
 On the 1 2th the trade winds became lighter, but the 
 
l6 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 ship made fair speed under port studdingsails. In the 
 afternoon we sounded in 2668 fathoms, lat. 9 28' N., 
 long. 24 08' W. The cup used was Sigsbee's improved 
 Belknap No. 2, and a. good specimen was obtained of 
 gray ooze mixed with sand and minute shells. 
 
 The flexible pipe leading from the main boilers to 
 the small reeling-engine showed signs of weakness, and 
 to strengthen it the pipe was covered with canvas and 
 served over with marline. 
 
 On the 13th the trades were very light, but the 
 weather was delightful. In the afternoon we sounded: 
 in 2509 fathoms, lat. 7 16' N., long. 24 24' W. The 
 cup brought up a large specimen of minute shells of 
 different colors and shapes, giving off a peculiar odor 
 resembling that of clams. These shells had every 
 appearance of being alive, and the specimen as a whole 
 differed from all others. After being exposed to the air 
 for some hours the shells would gradually change color, 
 become lighter and lighter in appearance, and a portion of 
 the specimen exposed for a day became white and chalky. 
 
 On the 14th sounded in 2307 fathoms, lat. 5 27' 
 25" N., long. 24 33' 18" W. Tried a new belt of 
 rattling stuff and changed the action of the engine to 
 obviate the necessity for crossing the belt. This was 
 found to be an improvement, and was continued during 
 the rest of the cruise. While reeling in, the wire parted 
 at a splice, causing the loss of over 2000 fathoms. The 
 wind had now become so light that it was decided to 
 get up steam. 
 
ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 1 7 
 
 On the 15th a cast was taken in 2339 fathoms, lat. 
 3 29' 47" N., long. 24 46' 34" W. — character of 
 bottom, dark gray ooze mixed with sand and shells — and 
 the ship was swung for compass deviation early in the 
 morning and again in the afternoon. We ran out of the 
 N.E. trades before night. 
 
 On the 16th, at 2 p.m., sounded in 2213 fathoms, 
 lat. o° 55' 2.5" N., long. 25 04' 38" W., the specimen- 
 cup bringing up a gray ooze, mixed with sand and a few 
 shells. We continued under steam as the breeze was 
 very light from the southward and eastward, and before 
 night struck below the last of the coal which had been 
 stowed in bags on deck at Porto Grande. 
 
 On the 1 7th, after crossing the equator, we sounded 
 in 19 1 9 fathoms, lat. o° 06' 08" S., long. 26 35' 2j" 
 W.; gray ooze mixed with sand and shells — the same 
 character of bottom as on the 16th, although there was 
 a material change in depth. 
 
 At 10 p.m. sail was made to a light breeze from 
 the S.E. 
 
 On the 1 8th, at 2 p.m., sounded in 2627 fathoms, 
 lat. i° 33' 00" S., long. 27 43' 45" W. After reeling 
 in a few turns the wire parted from no apparent cause, 
 as it was leading " up and down " and no signs of a kink 
 could be found, causing the loss of 2600 fathoms of wire 
 and our last deep-sea thermometer. Spoke an English 
 bark 72 days from Port Adelaide, and sighted another 
 vessel in the distance. 
 
 On the 20th, at 4 p.m., sounded in 2803 fathoms, 
 
1 8 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 lat. 4 06' S., long. 29 04' 22" W.; brown mud with 
 occasional small shells — a decided change in the character 
 of the bottom since the last specimen was taken. The 
 southeast trades were well to the southward and very 
 light. 
 
 On the 21st, sounded in the afternoon in 2801 fath- 
 oms, lat. 5°28' S., long. 30 14' 22" W. In reeling in, 
 the belt, which had shown no signs of weakness, parted 
 suddenly, causing the wire to jump from the reel, thereby 
 losing 2687 fathoms of wire and our last specimen cup. 
 A new belt of rattling stuff was fitted and an improvised 
 specimen cup made as follows : A piece of i^-inch iron 
 pipe was cut to the right length, one end pointed, and 
 a large hole made in the side. The detacher was screwed 
 into a nipple secured in the upper end of the pipe, and 
 a tin sleeve was fitted with a wire spring to cause it to 
 close over the aperture in the cup when the sinker was 
 detached. This cup was therefore a modification of the 
 Belknap No. r. 
 
 On the 2 2d the ship was dressed with flags at the 
 mastheads and peak, and at noon a salute of twenty-one 
 guns was fired in honor of Washington's birthday. 
 
 The next cast was taken .on the 24th in 2898 fath- 
 oms, lat. io° 25' S., long. 32 19' 36" W., the cup just 
 described bringing up a specimen of brown ooze. 
 
 Being near the magnetic equator on the afternoon 
 of the 25th, the ship was swung with port helm for 
 compass deviations. 
 
 On the 26th we swung ship in the afternoon with 
 
ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 19 
 
 starboard helm, having sounded in the morning in 2561 
 fathoms, lat. 14 27' 40" S., long. 33 46' 45" W.; brown 
 ooze mixed with a few shells. We had experienced 
 beautiful sunsets for several days, but I think I never 
 before saw such a glorious one as that which we beheld 
 this evening. 
 
 On the. 2 7th sounded in 2492 fathoms, lat. \$° 2f 30" 
 S., long. 33 57' 19" W., the cup bringing up a yellow- 
 ish-brown ooze. 
 
 On the 28th we sounded in the morning in 2498 
 fathoms, lat. 16 30' S., long. $■£ 46' W. ; yellowish- 
 brown ooze. 
 
 On March 1st sounded in 2498 fathoms, lat. 17 42' 
 10" S., long. 33 26' 26" W. ; again yellowish-brown 
 ooze. 
 
 It is worthy of note that the last two casts were the 
 same to a fathom and differed from that taken on the 
 27th by only six fathoms ; also, that the character of the 
 bottom was the same. 
 
 The usual drills of a man-of-war were kept up rigor- 
 ously throughout the cruise, notwithstanding the extra 
 work of sounding. I find noted in my journal : " In the 
 afternoon had dress parade. Our companies did very 
 well indeed. I am proud of the apprentice-boys ; the 
 most of them are fine fellows." 
 
 Let me add here that nearly nine years have passed 
 since that entry in my journal. Of the apprentices of 
 whom I was so justly proud some are now efficient war- 
 rant officers in the Navy, and others are filling impor- 
 
20 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 tant positions as petty officers. Several who have left 
 the service are well-to-do business men; and of" these, 
 one whom I met a year or two ago told me that the ex- 
 perience which he had gained in the Navy had been of 
 the greatest service to him. 
 
 On the 2d, at 8 a.m., sounded in 2319 fathoms, lat. 
 1 9 06 ' 27" S., long. 3 2 40' W., the bottom having 
 changed to a brown mud. 
 
 On the 3d sounded in 2475 fathoms, lat. 20 n' 43" 
 S., long. 31 54' 18" W. ; yellowish sticky brown mud. 
 The sleeve of the specimen-cup did not close, and the 
 specimen brought up was small. 
 
 On the 5th, at 7.30 a.m., sounded in 2892 fathoms, 
 lat. 22 24' 53" S., long. 29 54' 37" W. Character of 
 bottom, brown ooze. 
 
 On the 6th, at 8 a.m., a cast was taken in 3020 fath- 
 oms, lat. 2 3 46' 20" S., long. 28 54' 20" W. ; yellowish 
 brown ooze. The specimen-cup used was one devised 
 and made by Robert Knight, the blacksmith of the ship, 
 being a little different from those which had hitherto 
 been made on board. It brought up a large specimen. 
 
 On the 7th sounded in 2999 fathoms, lat. 24 54' S., 
 long. 28 1 8' 16" W. ; dark brown mud. 
 
 On the 8th sounded in 2908 fathoms, lat. 25 53' 
 18" S., long. 28 09' 39" W. The specimen brought up 
 was chocolate-colored sticky mud. 
 
 On the 9th sounded in 3147 fathoms, lat. 26 56' 08" 
 S., long. 2 7 44' 40" W. ; dark-brown sticky mud, choco- 
 late color. The reel showed signs of distress for the 
 
ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 21 
 
 first time since it was repaired, the after face beginning 
 to cave in. 
 
 On the ioth a cast was taken in 2288 fathoms, lat. 
 28 49' 47" S., long. 2 7 30' 27" W. No specimen was 
 recovered, but the bottom of the cup was bright, show- 
 ing that it had struck hard bottom, probably rock. The 
 ship was swung in the afternoon with port helm. 
 
 On the nth, early in the morning, we swung ship 
 with starboard helm, and then sounded in 2509 fathoms, 
 lat. 29 52' 57" S., long. 27 23' 04" W. ; light brown 
 mud mixed with minute shells. 
 
 On the 1 2th we again swung ship early in the morn- 
 ing with starboard helm, and then sounded in 2537 
 fathoms, lat. 30 22' 18" S., long. 26 12' 54" W. ; hard 
 bottom. The only specimen recovered was a small 
 piece of half-formed rock, yellowish inside and black 
 outside, but .dark specks were also found on the bottom 
 of the cup. 
 
 On the 13th, at 4 p.m., sounded in 2530 fathoms, 
 lat. 30 42' 16" S., long. 24 24' 26" W., the cup bring- 
 ing up a stiff light-brown mud mixed with minute shells. 
 
 On the 14th sounded in 25 11 fathoms, lat. 31 or 
 36" S., long. 22 46' 15" W., finding the same bottom as 
 yesterday. 
 
 The weather had been delightful, as a rule, from the 
 time we left Porto Praya until this date, but there being 
 indications of bad weather, I had another cast taken in 
 the afternoon in 2372 fathoms, lat. 3i°o8 / 28" S., long. 
 2i° 57' 30" W., in bottom of light-brown mud. 
 
22 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 On the 15th a gale set in from the northward and 
 westward ; nevertheless, we succeeded in getting a good 
 cast in the morning, although the sea was rough. 
 Found a depth of 2351 fathoms, lat. 31 23' 40" S., 
 long. 1 9 43' 16" W., the bottom being of light-brown 
 mud. In the afternoon, owing to the increasing gale, 
 the ship was hove to under close-reefed main top- 
 sail. 
 
 On the morning of the 16th, the wind having veered 
 to the southward and westward, she was put on her 
 course ; but it was not smooth enough to sound again 
 until the 18th, which was a great disappointment to us, 
 as an interesting portion of the South Atlantic Ocean 
 had been reached where I desired to take a number of 
 casts ; but the length of the route, together with the 
 limited amount of coal and provisions on board, made it 
 necessary to take advantage of the favoring winds. 
 
 On the 1 8th sounded in 1700 fathoms, lat. 30 35' 
 02" S., long. 12 49' 03" W. ; bottom of light-brown 
 mud. The sea was long and moderately rough and the 
 ship rolled deeply, but the cast was an excellent one. 
 
 On the 19th sounded at 1 p.m. in 1364 fathoms, lat. 
 31 12' 16" S., long. 12 38' 53" W., finding black mud 
 mixed with scoria ; and again at 6 in the afternoon, in 
 1507 fathoms, lat. 31 15' 16" S., long. 12 19' 32" W., 
 in a bottom of hard black mud. 
 
 On the 20th, at 7.35 a.m., sounded in 1864 fathoms, 
 lat. 31 38' 42" S., long. 12 05' 28" W. The character 
 of the bottom had undergone a wonderful change within 
 
ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 23 
 
 a few miles, viz., from hard black mud to white ooze 
 mixed with shells. 
 
 Being now near the position of "Grant's Breakers," 
 as shown on the chart, we continued under steam, and 
 at 1.30 p.m. sounded directly over the spot, in lat. 31 
 37' 29" S., long. ii° 29/ 22" W. Found a depth of 
 19 19 fathoms, hard bottom — again a decided change in 
 character, although comparatively near the position of 
 the last cast. We had undoubtedly crossed a submarine 
 ridge during the last twenty-four hours. 
 
 On the 2 1 st, at 8.15 a.m., sounded in 2050 fathoms, 
 lat. 31 57 r 20" S., long. 9 43' 26" W., finding hard bot- 
 tom. 
 
 On the 22d, at 7.30 a.m., sounded in 2314 fathoms, 
 lat. 3 2 03' 48" S., long. 7 09' 22" W., hard bottom ; 
 and at 6 p.m., in 2308 fathoms, lat. 32 11' 31-'/ S., long. 
 6° 03' 58" W., this time finding white ooze mixed with 
 sand and shells — again a most noticeable change in the 
 character of the bottom. 
 
 The specimen-cup used in this cast was a modifi- 
 cation of Belknap No. 2, designed by Chief Engineer 
 McEwan. 
 
 On the 23d, at 7.30 a.m., we sounded in 2008 fath- 
 oms, lat. 32 19' S., long. 4 23' 34" W., hard white 
 sand, and in the afternoon began to swing ship, but 
 before the observations could be completed masses of 
 clouds formed which obscured the sun. At 6.30 p.m. 
 we again sounded in 2353 fathoms, lat. 32 26' S., long. 
 3 23' 32" W. ; white sand and shells. While reeling in, 
 
24 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 the wire came in contact with a fish, of which small bits 
 of the skin and flesh were found on the upper end of 
 one of the splices. 
 
 On the 24th the ship was swung with starboard 
 helm, beginning shortly after sunrise. At 9 a.m. a 
 cast was taken in 2343 fathoms, lat. 32 24/ S., long. i° 
 32' 52" W., white sand and shells; and at 6 p.m. another 
 in 1255 fathoms, lat. 32 30' S., long. o° 27' 46" W. ; 
 white sand. The depth being so much less than that 
 found in the morning, still another cast was taken 
 at 11 p.m. in 979 fathoms, lat. 32 33' 20" S., long. 
 o° oo' 20" East ; white sand. We were evidently cross- 
 ing another submarine ridge ; hence about four hours 
 later, at 4.15 a.m. on the 25th, we sounded in 2492 
 fathoms, lat. 32 41' 54" S., long. o° 41' 04" E. ; light 
 brown ooze. 
 
 As ranges of mountains are sometimes found on land 
 in close proximity to each other and running in nearly 
 parallel lines, I thought it possible there might be a 
 second submarine range near the one over which we 
 had just passed, and gave orders to sound again at 1.30 
 p.m. The result was startling. A depth of only 731 
 fathoms was found, or two statute miles less than the 
 last cast! Lat. 32 48' 25" S., long. i° 47' 34" E., the 
 character of the bottom being white coral, sand, and 
 shells. 
 
 Such a remarkable change in depth gave us reason 
 to think that breakers might exist somewhere in this 
 part of the South Atlantic after all, and a bright look- 
 
ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 25 
 
 out was kept. Of course it was impossible to state 
 whether or not we had sounded over the highest point 
 of this submarine peak. At 3.15 p.m. another cast was 
 taken about ten miles from the last position, but the 
 depth had increased to 1203 fathoms, lat. 32 49/ 25" S., 
 long. i° 59/ 28" E ; white coral, sand, and shells. 
 Again at 6.15 p.m. we sounded in 1724 fathoms, lat. 
 •32 50' 54" S., long. 2 19/ 09" E., the character of the 
 bottom being still the same,- — white coral, sand, and shells. 
 
 Although this was such an interesting locality for 
 our work we were obliged to press on, having but six 
 bags of bread remaining on board for a crew of nearly 
 two hundred men. Our salt beef and pork, and in truth 
 all other provisions, were nearly exhausted, and still we 
 had more than 800 miles to run to reach Cape Town. 
 
 On the 26th, at 7.45 a.m., sounded in 2765 fathoms, 
 lat. 2,3° I 4 / 45" S., long. 4 29' 18" E. — brown ooze; 
 and again at 6 p.m. in 2938 fathoms, lat. 33° 24' 33" S., 
 long. 5 52' 57" E., finding the same kind of bottom — 
 brown ooze. 
 
 When the wire was reeled in there were found on the 
 grommet at the end two long worms, alive, and resem- 
 bling ordinary earth-worms except in respect to their 
 heads. One was 26 inches long and the other 19^ 
 inches. We were 600 miles from any known dry land. 
 It was impossible to tell whether they came from the 
 bottom or were caught by the grommet near the surface, 
 but they were considered of sufficient importance to pre- 
 serve in alcohol and send to the Smithsonian Institution. 
 
26 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 The condition of the reel had been growing worse 
 ever since the 9th instant, when it first showed signs 
 of distress, and fears were entertained that it might 
 give out entirely before reaching Cape Town. The 
 greatest care was therefore taken in using it. There 
 being indications of a gale, and wishing to keep ahead 
 of and, if possible, avoid it, I used steam and sail and 
 made from 10 to 11 knots an hour. 
 
 On the 27th, at 7.30 a.m., sounded in 2855 fathoms, 
 lat. 33 48' 46" S., long. 8° 29' 02" E. — brown ooze ; and 
 again at 4.30 p.m. in 2773 fathoms, lat. 33° 56' 39'' S., 
 long. 9 52' 24" E. — brown ooze. 
 
 On the 28th, at 7.30 a.m., a cast was taken in 2596 
 fathoms, lat. 34 00' S., long. 12 if 38" E. Charac- 
 ter of bottom the same as for the last few days, viz., 
 brown ooze. 
 
 In the afternoon the ship was swung for compass 
 deviations. 
 
 On the 29th the gale overtook us, but before the sea 
 became too rough we sounded in 2231 fathoms, lat. 34 
 04' S., long. 1 5 49' 11" E. ; light brown ooze. 
 
 Soon after this cast was taken the ship was brought 
 to the wind under storm sails, on account of the increas- 
 ing gale, and as but little coal remained in the bunkers 
 I did not deem it wise to expend any to assist in riding 
 out the storm. The gale was what is called a " black 
 southeaster," with very heavy gusts from the southward. 
 Entered in my journal are these words : " The last bag 
 of bread was served out to the crew to-day." 
 
ASSUME COMMAND OF THE ENTERPRISE. 2/ 
 
 On the morning of the 30th the gale broke, and we 
 proceeded under steam. The sea was so rough that we 
 were unable to make more than four knots an hour with 
 the necessarily limited allowance of coal. Cape Town 
 was still 120 miles distant. 
 
 During the night the wind and sea subsided, but a 
 fog set in which at times was very dense. 
 
 On the 31st sounded in no fathoms, lat. 34 io' S., 
 long. 1 8° n 7 E. ; sand and black specks. The weather 
 was still foggy, but the nearer we approached land the 
 thinner the fog became. At last Table Rock loomed 
 up through the mists, and at 10.18 a.m. the ship was 
 anchored under the breakwater in Table Bay, Cape 
 Town, and the British flag saluted with twenty-one guns. 
 
 We had been three months and three days from 
 Norfolk, Va., and forty-nine days from the Cape de 
 Verdes. Only three tons of coal were left in the bunkers. 
 Not a single bag of bread remained, and but one or two 
 barrels of beef and pork. From the Cape de Verde 
 Islands to Cape Town we had sailed 5608 miles follow- 
 ing the route of sailing-vessels, had taken 53 casts, 41 of 
 which were between two and three and one-half (2 and 
 30 statute miles in depth. The last 44 casts were taken 
 without loss of wire or any accident. 
 
 In 1876, H. M. S. Challenger ran a line of sound- 
 ings between Tristan d'Acunha and the Ascension Isl- 
 ands, demonstrating the existence of a submarine ridge 
 connecting those two islands. The varying depths 
 found between 28 west longitude and Cape Town 
 
28 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 incline me to believe that another submarine range, and 
 possibly more than one, may be found to run nearly 
 parallel to the above, but a few hundred miles to the 
 eastward, to which the submarine peaks revealed by our 
 casts of 731 and 979 fathoms and the island of St. 
 Helena may belong. Future investigations of the 
 depths of the sea in that part of the South Atlantic will 
 be of great interest. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 
 
 SIMONS BAY.— PORT ELIZABETH. NATAL. MADAGAS- 
 CAR. COMORO ISLANDS. ZANZIBAR. SEYCHELLE 
 
 ISLANDS. STRAITS OF SUNDA. WARNED BY A DUTCH 
 
 MAN-OF-WAR OF THE DANGERS TO NAVIGATION OCCA- 
 SIONED BY THE ERUPTION OF KRAKATOA. DESTRUC- 
 TION OF ANJER. ARRIVAL AT BATAVIA. SINGAPORE. 
 
 We remained at Cape Town until the 8th of May, 
 enjoying-, as only those who have passed weeks at sea 
 can enjoy, the products of the farms and vineyards, and, 
 above all, the refinements of cultivated society. We 
 were received with great kindness by the Governor, Sir 
 Hercules Robinson, and by the leading officials and 
 citizens of the place, and in a modest way we tried to 
 reciprocate their hospitality. Our stay was somewhat 
 prolonged, that a boat might be built to replace the 
 cutter lost during the gale of the 17th of January. After 
 filling up with coal and provisions and getting the new 
 
 boat, we said good-by to our friends, and on the 8th of 
 
 29 
 
30 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 May left for Simons Bay, where we arrived the follow- 
 ing day, anchoring off the Naval Station. Here we 
 remained until the i ith, long enough to win a boat-race, 
 then sailed for Port Elizabeth, South Africa, and 
 anchored in Algoa Bay (Port Elizabeth) on the 14th. 
 
 An agreeable surprise awaited us. We came with 
 vague ideas of this pait of South Africa, but we found a 
 fine city, whose inhabitants are as enterprising and hos- 
 pitable as any in the world. They had converted a 
 rocky wilderness into a garden, had tapped the distant 
 mountains and brought fresh water to their doors, had 
 built railroads to points in the interior hundreds of miles 
 distant ; in short, had overcome all obstacles except the 
 treacherous sea, and a portion of that will doubtless 
 soon be captive if a breakwater and docks are built on 
 plans already approved by competent engineers. Large 
 ocean steamers arrive and depart with regularity, and 
 the trade of the place is already great. 
 
 It was stated that an American man-of-war had not 
 touched there for years. The Vanderbilt looked in dur- 
 ing the Civil War, in 1863, when in search of the Ala- 
 bama, but did not anchor. 
 
 It was odd to find peoples representing distinct and 
 opposite types of civilization so closely associated. The 
 whites live chiefly in town, while the blacks (Kaffirs) 
 live in native villages within a short distance of the city, 
 and retain to a large degree their native customs both 
 in dress and mode of life. Photographs taken of some 
 of the chiefs while standing before their huts surrounded 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 3 1 
 
 by their wives and children, though possessing artistic 
 merit, could hardly be shown with propriety in a mixed 
 company, and yet from the native point of view they 
 are perfectly proper. Blacks are engaged to discharge 
 and load ocean steamers, and when thus employed they 
 divest themselves of all clothing. 
 
 After an agreeable stay at this place of nearly two 
 weeks, we left on the 26th for Durban (Port Natal). 
 As we skirted this part of the coast of South Africa, we 
 called to mind the fact that nearly every point of promi- 
 nence is named after some officer or seaman who died 
 while engaged in its survey, or after civilians who were 
 prominent among the early settlers, the city of Port 
 Elizabeth itself being named in memory of the devoted 
 wife of Acting Governor-General Donkin, who " traced 
 out the town." 
 
 It is less than seventy years since Captain Owen, of 
 the Royal Navy, and his small surveying party exhibited 
 to a marked degree the skill and endurance which char- 
 acterize the Anglo-Saxon. It is stated in " Owen's 
 Voyages " that in seven months from the time the sur- 
 veying party " last quitted the Cape" (Cape Town) 
 "two-thirds of the officers and one-half of the seamen 
 had fallen victims to the fever," but the work did not 
 stop. 
 
 On the 29th the Enterprise arrived off Port Natal. 
 A strong breeze was blowing, which caused a heavy 
 swell to set in, making it impracticable to send a ship's 
 boat on shore. Indeed, it is usually so rough on the 
 
32 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 bar that ships' boats are seldom used, but surf boats, 
 built for the purpose are employed instead.* 
 
 The same cordial hospitality which we had experi- 
 enced in other parts of South Africa was extended to us 
 here. So far as could be learned, the Enterprise was 
 the first United States man-of-war to visit this colony. 
 Although we remained only long enough to fill up with 
 coal and lay in some fresh provisions, still it was my 
 good fortune to meet nearly all the American mission- 
 aries stationed in this part of South Africa. It came 
 about in this way. They were assembled at Isipingo 
 at an annual convention, and on hearing of the arrival 
 of the Enterprise, the general assembly sent a letter to 
 Durban by one of their number, the Rev. Mr. Wilder, 
 inviting the officers to visit them. It was the day before 
 sailing, and all who were on shore were busy laying in 
 mess stores, and there was not sufficient time to com- 
 municate with the ship. Fortunately I was at the con- 
 sulate when Mr. Wilder arrived. Mr. Cato, our 
 distinguished consular agent, earnestly seconded the 
 invitation and kindly volunteered his company ; hence, 
 after luncheon we drove to Isipingo, about ten miles 
 distant, and there took the conveyance that had been 
 sent to meet us. Another drive of eleven miles over a 
 very rough road brought us a little after dark to the 
 Adams Mission, where — including children — nearly forty 
 
 * The harbor has been greatly improved since the visit of the Enterprise. 
 Extensive breakwaters are being constructed and docks built capable of accom- 
 modating a large number of ships ; vessels drawing 15 feet are now taken into 
 the inner harbor. 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 33 
 
 Americans were assembled ; a fine body of intelligent, 
 cultivated, and earnest workers. A very enjoyable 
 evening was passed, and at daylight the next morning 
 we started on horseback for Isipingo Station, arriving 
 there in time to take the train for Durban. I was de- 
 lighted with this visit, though so very brief, and it gives 
 me pleasure to state that the labors of these missionaries 
 were greatly appreciated not only by the natives but by 
 the government itself. Of this I was assured by several 
 intelligent and disinterested gentlemen. 
 
 On the ist of June the Enterprise left Port Natal 
 with thirty tons of coal on deck, and on the 7th arrived 
 at Nos Vey, a small island near the coast of Madagascar, 
 where several European traders have their store-houses. 
 
 Six casts were taken while crossing Mozambique 
 Channel, as follows : 
 
 On June ist in 824 fathoms, lat. 29 46' S., long. 
 31 58' 48" E. — bluish mud, sand and shells; on the 2d 
 in 1325 fathoms, lat. 29 44' 30" S., long. 2,3° 2 &' E. — 
 light brown mud, sand, and shells; on the 3d in 1107 
 fathoms, lat. 29 51' 10" S., long. 35 46' 45" E. — gray 
 sand and shells ; on the 4th in 2607 fathoms, lat. 28 
 52' 25" S., long. 38 ij' 30" E. — no specimen ; on the 
 6th in 1985 fathoms, lat. 24 49' 47" S., long. 42 52' 
 45" E. — light brown ooze ; and on the 7th in 935 fathoms, 
 lat. 2 3 51' 10" S., long. 43 31' 42" E. — light brown 
 ooze. 
 
 We remained here one day, then steamed to San 
 Augustine Bay, a distance of about eight miles from Nos 
 
34 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 Vey. Before reaching the anchorage, which was very 
 close to the shore, three casts were taken in the bay, in 
 depths of 337, 520, and 338 fathoms ; dark brown mud. 
 
 On the 9th we left San Augustine for Tullear Bay, 
 fifteen miles distant, where we remained several days, 
 taking advantage of the sea-breeze and smooth water in 
 this well-protected and superb bay to exercise the crew 
 in fleet tactics with boats, and at target-practice with 
 great guns. 
 
 This coast is the only one I have visited in late years 
 where money is of little or no use and where empty 
 bottles, provided they can stand on their own bottoms, 
 will purchase poultry and other supplies. Soda bottles 
 were of no value whatever. 
 
 The people are savages, armed with spears and such 
 old guns as traders have been accustomed to exchange 
 for the products of the country. It was in this neigh- 
 borhood that an American and a Frenchman were killed 
 the year previous to our arrival. 
 
 We left Tullear Bay on the 15th, and during the 
 afternoon sounded in 569 fathoms, lat. 23 20' 15" S., 
 long. 43 35' E ; brown mud. 
 
 On the 1 6th sounded in 587 fathoms, lat. 22 of 
 S., long. 42 59' 30" E. — yellowish-brown mud, sand ; 
 and on the 17th again sounded in 872 fathoms, lat. 20 
 22' 30" S., long. 43 45' 30" E. — yellowish-brown mud 
 — and swung ship for compass deviations, arriving off 
 Mourondava after dark. 
 
 We had now reached a part cf Madagascar which 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 35 
 
 was under the rule of the Hova government, and a faint 
 resemblance to civilization was found. I at once com- 
 municated with our consular agent, a man of very ec- 
 centric habits, and before leaving entertained him and 
 the Governor of the province on board ship. 
 
 On the evening of the 20th we sailed from Mouron- 
 dava, and on the 22d reached Mainterano, a trading 
 station on the coast of Madagascar, situated in Sacalava 
 territory. Here we met an American from New England 
 who had professed the faith of Mohammed and who 
 seemed to be sincere in his belief, having married a Mo- 
 hammedan wife. 
 
 On the 23d we left Mainterano under sail, and on 
 the 24th sounded in a dead calm without getting up 
 steam, finding bottom in 1445 fathoms, lat. 15 32' S., 
 long. 44 io' 45" E.; light brown mud. This completed 
 our deep-sea work in the Mozambique Channel. We 
 then skirted the coast of Madagascar, finding in lat. 
 1 5 44' 15" S., long. 45 30' 30" E., quite an extensive 
 shoal which was not on the chart, Cape Tanzon bearing 
 about E.S.E. | E., distant 12 miles. The least water 
 found was 3! fathoms, but as there was not time to 
 survey it thoroughly there may be still less water on some 
 portions of the shoal. We anchored after dark, and on 
 the morning of the 26th steamed into the harbor of 
 Majunga. Knowing that for some time before our 
 arrival in these waters the French had been at war with 
 the Hovas, we were not surprised to find two French 
 men-of-warin port, — the " Vaudreuile " and the " Pique,' 
 
36 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 — or to learn that the French had laid claim to this part of 
 Madagascar. We were told that a French fleet of five 
 vessels had bombarded the place on the 16th of May. 
 dismantling the fort and destroying the Hova settlement 
 I visited the fort and deserted village, and among the 
 ruins picked up a Hova grammar and a mutilated copy 
 of the " Moody and Sankey " hymn book printed in the 
 Malagasy language. 
 
 How little do we realize the changes that have taken 
 place within this century ! Less than seventy years ago 
 this people had no written language, but now, thanks 
 chiefly to the missionaries, they not only have books 
 printed in their own tongue, but their children are by law 
 compelled to go to school. 
 
 On the 27th of June we left Majunga, and on the 
 28th reached Nosse Be\ steaming into one of the many 
 magnificent bays of Madagascar. 
 
 The scenery was inspiring ; the mountain peaks and 
 sloping green hills were reflected in the smooth waters of 
 the bay, forming a picture of surpassing beauty. The 
 French have been established at Nosse Be for years, and 
 have made it the seat of government. 
 
 On the following day, after visiting the Governor, we 
 took a walk through the native portion of the town, and 
 as the day was very hot and the town dirty we thought 
 its name — Hellville — a very appropriate one. 
 
 We were, however, fortunate enough to find a merchant 
 who had a small quantity of coal which he was willing to 
 sell at a fair price, and on the 29th took on board about 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 37 
 
 forty tons, and towards evening steamed out of the 
 harbor. 
 
 We had now reached that portion of the globe where 
 it was necessary to swing ship careened at least 7 . To 
 do this I had directed that enough of the coal should be 
 dumped in the starboard gangway to give the desired 
 list. Twenty or more tons were thus disposed of and we 
 left the harbor careened 7^° to starboard, doubtless much 
 to the surprise of the people on shore who were accus- 
 tomed to see men-of-war arrive and depart neat and trim 
 in appearance. When the required observations were com- 
 pleted it was almost sunset, and in order to be prepared 
 the following morning to swing again on an even keel the 
 coal was struck below and stowed in the bunkers after 
 dark. The dust penetrated every part of the ship, but 
 we were now schooled into such a happy frame of mind 
 that, in the interests of science, we could put up with 
 anything ! 
 
 On the 30th of June, the remaining observations on 
 an even keel having been completed, we left for Tama- 
 tave prepared to encounter the very strong head-winds 
 which usually blow at this season along the east coast of 
 Madagascar, but fortunately they proved of only moderate 
 strength. 
 
 The night of the 3d was passed at anchor under the 
 Island of St. Mary's, and on the 4th of July we arrived 
 at Tamatave, finding in port four French men-of-war, in- 
 cluding the flagship Flore, bearing the flag of Rear- 
 Admiral Pierre, one English vessel, H. M. S. Dryad, — 
 
38 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 Captain Johnstone, — and two American merchant-ves- 
 sels. It was pleasing to note how quickly the foreign men- 
 of-war followed the movements of the Enterprise in dress- 
 ing ship. A national salute had been fired at sea in honor 
 of the day about two hours before entering port, and our 
 flags bent on in readiness to hoist and dress ship with a 
 "rainbow " upon letting go the anchor. This was done, 
 and simultaneously the English man-of-war hoisted her 
 flags, dressing in "rainbow," and a moment later all the 
 French ships were covered with bunting. It showed 
 that the day was remembered, and that preparations were 
 made to dress ship as soon as an American man-of-war 
 was seen in the offing. 
 
 Tamatave had been declared French, territory and 
 was in a state of siege. At intervals during the day and 
 night the French men-of-war fired into the Hova camp, 
 about five miles distant from the anchorage. On the 
 night after our arrival a raid was made by the Hovas 
 upon the French troops occupying Tamatave, and a few 
 were killed on both sides. The relations between the 
 French and English were very much strained, doubtless 
 on account of misapprehension of each other's motives. 
 
 Fresh provisions were very scarce, owing to the suc- 
 cessful efforts of the natives to keep their cattle inland. 
 
 Having visited the three Americans who persisted in 
 living on shore — all others having left at the outbreak of 
 war — and learning from them that they did' not con- 
 sider their lives in danger on account of hostilities, I 
 left Tamatave on the 6th of July for the Comoro 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 39 
 
 Islands, the two American merchant-vessels having 
 
 o 
 
 sailed a few hours before the departure of the Enterprise. 
 The fresh winds which we had expected to encounter on 
 our way to Tamatave, but which fortunately had failed 
 us, now set in with much force, and a comparatively 
 quick trip was made, chiefly under sail. 
 
 We arrived at Johanna Town, Comoro Islands, on the 
 morning of the ioth. I visited the blind but intelligent 
 Sultan at his country residence on the opposite side of 
 the island, and, while there, at his request viewed a lot of 
 slaves which he told me had been landed on the island 
 without his permission and against his wish, and which 
 he was about to turn over to the commander of a small 
 English gunboat to take to Zanzibar where they would 
 be set free. There were 107 of these poor wretches hud- 
 dled together, nearly all of whom were young, — ap- 
 parently from five to seven years of age, — male and 
 female. Before my interview with the Sultan was over 
 they had started to cross the island to embark on board 
 the gunboat. The English commander and I, mounted 
 on good donkeys, overtook the slaves as they were being 
 driven up the steep mountain-paths in the hot sun by 
 the Sultan's followers, and it was painful to witness their 
 sufferings. 
 
 I was told afterwards that the crafty Sultan had kept 
 back about thirty of the best of the slaves, and had 
 secreted them where they could not be found; and that, of 
 the 107 which started to cross the island, only 85 reached 
 the ship, the others having been kidnapped on the way. 
 
40 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 It was well known that the Sultan's virtuous act in 
 voluntarily surrendering these poor slaves to the English 
 was inspired, not by the promptings of humanity, but by 
 feelings of resentment towards a wealthy planter to whom 
 it was said they were consigned. This planter, however, 
 denied positively that he had sent for the slaves, and he 
 appeared very much amused at the Sultan's action. 
 
 The English sailors were of course greatly pleased at 
 this episode, as they receive five pounds for each slave 
 delivered at Zanzibar. The commander told me he 
 would " worry the life " out of some one if those who 
 had been kidnapped while crossing the island were not 
 delivered up to him. 
 
 Visits were exchanged with the young prince, who 
 impressed us very favorably. He was intelligent, refined, 
 and the husband of only one wife, to whom he was 
 greatly attached. 
 
 On the 13th we sailed for Zanzibar, arriving there on 
 the 1 6th. Here we remained until the 25th of July, 
 when, having filled up with coal and provisions and re- 
 ceived on board a quantity of sounding wire which had 
 been sent out from England, we sailed for the Seychelle 
 Islands and resumed the work of deep-sea sounding. 
 Two casts were taken daily,, as a rule, one early in the 
 morning and the other in the afternoon. A strong 
 easterly current was found nearly the whole distance, at 
 times amounting to one knot an hour. 
 
 On the night of the 1st of August, having reached 
 the vicinity of an outlying coral reef, we anchored in 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 41 
 
 27 fathoms, and the next morning steamed into the inner 
 harbor, Port Victoria, Seychelle Islands. The depths of 
 the casts taken on the way were as follows : 876, 1352, 
 1 791, 2007, 2227, 2342, 2472, 2582, 2626, 2713, 2682, and 
 2199 fathoms, respectively. Thus the depths increased 
 regularly from Zanzibar until within 100 miles of these 
 islands, and the character of the bottom changed with 
 some regularity, as follows : gray ooze, gray ooze mixed 
 with sand, gray ooze mixed with sand and shells, light 
 brown ooze, sticky brown mud, bluish-colored mud, and 
 finally dark brown mud. The temperature of the bottom 
 was taken at each cast (except the tenth, when the wire 
 parted), and found to be 30 Fahr. All of thdse casts 
 were taken under steam, and in most cases with sails 
 clewed up but not furled. 
 
 I had intended giving liberty to the crew at the Sey- 
 chelles, but found an epidemic prevailing on the islands, 
 which resembled a mild form of smallpox, although the 
 Commissioner Resident said that physicians on shore 
 called it chicken-pox. I deemed it best, however, to 
 keep every one on board, particularly as our surgeon 
 was quite positive as to the character of the disease. 
 Took on board fifty tons of coal, and on the 4th of 
 August, at 5.15 p.m., steamed out of the inner harbor, 
 anchoring, at 7 p.m., when well outside. 
 
 On the 5th we got under way at 5.40 a.m. and 
 made sail for the Straits of Sunda, sounding at 1 p.m. 
 in 682 fathoms, lat. 4 23' 46" S., long. 56 18' 00" E., 
 
42 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 finding a bottom of gray ooze, sand, and shells. The 
 weather was squally and the sea moderately rough. 
 
 On the 6th a cast was taken in 2160 fathoms, lat. 4 
 03' 26" S., long. 57 55' 30" E.; the character of the 
 bottom being the same as in the last cast. The weather 
 was still squally with rain and there was a heavy swell 
 from the S.E. Current 0.7 knot an hour, setting S. 
 82 E. 
 
 On the 7th sounded at 6.30 a.m. in 2006 fathoms, 
 lat. 3 08' 49" S., long. 6o° 08 15" E. — gray ooze, sand, 
 and shells; and again at 4.50 p.m. in 2302 fathoms, lat. 
 2 58' 54" S., long. 6o° 57' 03" E. — same character of bot- 
 tom as before. Current 0.5 knot an hour, setting N. 
 65 E. The weather was still squally, with rain, accom- 
 panied by a swell from the southward and eastward. 
 During the night the rain-squalls were very heavy, but 
 the wind was not strong. 
 
 On the 8th sounded in 2495 fathoms, lat. 2 35' 17" 
 S., long. 6i° 40' 15" E.; gray ooze, sand, and shells. At 
 9.10 p.m. a brilliant meteoric shower illumined the 
 entire heavens. The winds were still from the southward 
 and eastward, though inclined to be variable. Current 
 0.7 knot an hour, setting S. 53 W., which was a marked 
 change in direction. 
 
 On the 9th sounded in 2501 fathoms, lat. 2° 04' 47' 
 S., long. 62 15' 35" E.; gray ooze, sand, and shells. 
 The weather was squally, with rain in the forenoon, but 
 pleasant in the afternoon, and the wind gradually de- 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 43 
 
 creased in force, but still held from the southward and 
 eastward. Current 0.12 knot an hour, setting S. 59 W. 
 
 On the 10th sounded in 2364 fathoms, lat. i° 33' 51" 
 S., long. 63 n' 30" E. ; very light brown ooze, sand, 
 and shells. The breeze was very light from the south- 
 ward and eastward during the day. After dark there 
 was much lightning to the northward and westward, and 
 at midnight we had very heavy rain-squalls. Current 
 0.5 knot an hour, setting S. 25 E. 
 
 On the nth sounded in 2559 fathoms, lat. i° n" 49" 
 S., long. 64 2o' 09" E.; brown ooze. The last three 
 days were very warm, the mercury standing at 83 in 
 the shade in the afternoon. The wind dying out, we 
 started ahead under steam. Current 0.5 knot an hour, 
 setting S. 25 E. 
 
 On the 1 2th a cast was taken in 2212 fathoms, lat. o a 
 43' 10" S., long. 66° 05' 42" E.; very light brown ooze. 
 The day was delightfully pleasant, though warm. At 8 
 a.m. a light breeze sprung up from the S.W., when sail 
 was made and fires hauled. Current 0.9 knot an hour, 
 setting S. 49 E. 
 
 On the 13th sounded in 1812 fathoms, lat. o° 13' 59" 
 S., long. 67 40' 33" E.; gray ooze, sand, and shells. The 
 weather was very disagreeable, the wind changing to 
 N.W., bringing heavy rain with squalls. Sea moderate. 
 No noon observation. 
 
 On the 14th we sounded in the morning in 2019 
 fathoms, lat. o° 01' 04" S., long. 68° 55' 16" E.; gray 
 ooze, sand, and shells. The weather was very wet and 
 
44 ' DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 squally, and a neavy squall struck the vesse. while the 
 cast was being taken. We were now approaching the 
 low Maldivh Islands, and a course was steered for the 
 equatorial channel. The equator was crossed before 
 noon, and at 4 p.m. another cast was taken in 2322 fath- 
 oms, lat. o° 09/ 35" N., long. 69 41' 06" E. ; very light 
 brown ooze. The winds were variable from the W., 
 W.S.W., and S.W. No observation at noon. 
 
 On the 15th sounded in 2305 fathoms, lat. o° 14' 20" 
 N., long. yo° 44' 45" E. gray ooze, sand, and shells. The 
 wind came out from the southward, and the weather 
 cleared, the sun coming out bright and warm, drying the 
 sails and decks, which had been soaked by the past rains. 
 The wind later in the day was variable, from N. W., S. W., 
 and S.E., becoming almost calm. Steam was raised at 
 8 p.m., as we were quite near to the Maldivhs. Current 
 0.63 knot an hour, setting N. j$° E. 
 
 On the 1 6th, soon after daylight, we sighted some of 
 the small low islands of the Swadive Atoll, and during 
 the day were steaming through the equatorial channel. 
 At noon we were just south of the principal island of 
 this atoll (Wahdu Island). 
 
 Four casts were taken, viz.: at 4.10 a.m. in 1977 
 fathoms, lat. o° 04' 29" N., long. 72 30' 42" E. — gray 
 ooze, sand, and shells; at 9 a.m. in 1243 fathoms, lat. o c 
 03' 52" N., long, j 3 oc/ 00" E. — dark gray sand and 
 shells; at 12 noon in 1027 fathoms, lat. o° 03' 52" N., 
 long. 73 17' 18" E. — gray sand; and at 6 p.m. in 1329 
 fathoms, lat. o° 03' 52" N., long. 73 44' 30" E. — gray 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 45 
 
 sand. The ship was swung for compass deviations 
 between the last two casts, the weather being pleasant. 
 Current 1.5 knots an hour, setting S. 86° E. A light 
 breeze sprung up from the southward and westward 
 about sunset, when sail was made and fires were hauled 
 as usual. 
 
 On the 17th sounded in 2217 fathoms, lat. o° 21' 49" 
 N., long. 74 46' 30" E. In reeling in the last 50 fath- 
 ,oms the wire parted with a jerk, losing 29 fathoms, cup, 
 and thermometer. A shark which was seen swimming 
 about the ship while sounding is supposed to have 
 snapped at the specimen-cup and caused the wire to 
 part. Current 1.3 knots an hour, setting N. 54 E. 
 
 On the 1 8th a cast was taken in 2472 fathoms, lat. o° 
 26' 52" N., long. 76 34' 45" E.; brown mud mixed with 
 shells. Current 1.66 knots an hour, setting N. 87 E. 
 A few squalls were experienced during the day. 
 
 On the 19th sounded in 2^78 fathoms, lat. o°i8' 28" 
 N., long. 78 33' 48" E.; dark brown mud. Current 
 1.54 knots an hour, setting S. 71 ° E. The weather was 
 somewhat squally during the day, with occasional rain. 
 On the 20th sounded in 2609 fathoms, lat. o° 12' 9" 
 N., long. 8o° 29' 55" E.; dark brown mud. Several heavy 
 rain-squalls struck us during the day, and at times the 
 rain came down in torrents. Current 1.33 knots an hour, 
 setting S. 69 E. 
 
 On the 2 1 st sounded at 7 a.m. in 2472 fathoms, lat. 
 o° 14' 07" N., long. 82 36' 27" E. — dark brown mud; 
 and again at 5.30 p. m. in 2436 fathoms, lat. o° 18' 19" 
 
46 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 N., long. 83 25' 30" E., brown mud. The weather was 
 squally as usual, with sunshine between squalls; the 
 wind being from the westward. Current 1.54 knots an 
 hour, setting N. 8i° E. 
 
 On the 2 2d a cast was taken in 2435 fathoms, lat. C 
 33' 19" N., long. 84 58' 00" E.; light brown mud. Rain- 
 squalls as usual flooded our decks, but the wind became 
 light, varying in direction from W. by S. to S.S.W. Cur- 
 rent 1.88 knots an hour, setting N. 73° E. 
 
 On the 23d sounded in 2425 fathoms, lat. o° 39' 30" 
 N., long. 86° 53' 15" E.; brown mud. We had occa- 
 sional squalls, with light breeze from southward and east- 
 ward. Current 1.92 knots an hour, setting N. 63 E. 
 
 On the 24th sounded in 2394 fathoms, lat. o° 33' 22" 
 N., long. 88° 18' 00" E.; very light brown mud. The 
 weather was pleasant, with an occasional heavy rain- 
 squall for variety. Current 1.41 knots an hour, setting 
 N. 50 E. The first death on board occurred to-day — 
 John Robertson, seaman, dying suddenly of heart-com- 
 plaint. 
 
 On the 25th we sounded in 2231 fathoms, lat. o° 04' 
 30" South, long. 90 16' 15" E. — gray ooze, sand, and 
 shells — having a few moments before noon crossed the 
 equator in fine pleasant weather. Current 1.1 knots an 
 hour, setting N. 68° E. Robertson was buried at sea in 
 the morning with the usual honors. 
 
 On the 26th a cast was taken in 2426 fathoms, lat. 
 o° n' 00" S., long. 91 15' E. ; brown ooze. The day 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 47 
 
 was charming, with light breeze from W.S.W. Current 
 0.66 knot an hour, setting N. jj° E. 
 
 On the 27th sounded at 6.30 a.m. in 2437 fathoms, 
 lat. o° 18' 00" S., long. 92 19' 00" E. — brown ooze; 
 and again in the afternoon in 2453 fathoms, lat. o° 23' 
 56" S., long. 93 16' 43" E.— brown ooze. The wind 
 became so light during the day that we got up steam. 
 Shortly after sunset a peculiar brightening effect was ob- 
 served, the whole atmosphere assuming a greenish hue 
 which lasted a few minutes and then gradually disap- 
 peared. Current 0.66 knot an hour, setting S. J3 E. 
 
 On the 28th a cast was taken at 8 a.m. in 2442 
 fathoms, lat. o° 37' 26" S., long. 94 23' E. — brown 
 ooze ; and another at 5.20 p.m. in 2469 fathoms, lat. i° 
 °3 2 2>" S., long. 95 02' 40" E. — brown ooze. The sur- 
 face of the sea was covered with a peculiar kind of stringy 
 stuff resembling Manila fibre, but of the consistency of 
 jelly. The weather continued pleasant. Current 1 
 knot an hour, setting S. 34 W. 
 
 On the 29th sounded at 6 a.m. in 2681 fathoms, lat. 
 i° 55' 24" S., long. 95 56' 27" E. — brown ooze; and 
 again at 5.20 p.m. in 2518 fathoms, lat. 2 26' 42" S., long. 
 96 47' 09" E. — brown ooze, black specks. Current 0.83 
 knot an hour, setting S. ii° W. 
 
 On the 30th sounded in 2355 fathoms, lat. 2 50' 24" 
 S., long. 97 51' 09" E. — brown ooze, black specks — hav- 
 ing swung ship for compass deviations before beginning to 
 sound. In the afternoon the ship was again swung for 
 compass deviations. Current 0.5 knot a«n hour, setting N. 
 
48 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 86° E. Constant lightning was observed on the eastern 
 horizon during the whole night. 
 
 On the 31st sounded at 6 a.m. in 2683 fathoms, lat. 
 3 47' 52" S., long. 99 09' 57" E. — brown mud; and 
 again in the afternoon in 3097 fathoms, lat. 4 14' 29" S., v 
 long. 99 50' 29" E. — bluish-brown mud. No current. 
 Lightning was observed to the east and northeast all 
 night. 
 
 On September 1st at 6 a.m. a cast was taken in 1593 
 fathoms, lat. 4 45' 31" S., long. ioo° 50' 39" E. — light 
 brown ooze, sand, and shells ; and another in the after- 
 noon in 627 fathoms, lat. 5 u' 54" S., long. 101 39' 
 53" E. — gray sand and shells. Engano Island was 
 sighted before dark. Current 0.37 knot an hour, setting 
 S. 67 E. 
 
 On the 2d we took four casts as follows : at 6.30 a.m. 
 in 203 fathoms, lat. 5 42' 18" S., long. 102 29' 46" E. — 
 gray sand and shells; at 10.30 a.m. in 720 fathoms, lat. 
 5 44' 29" S., long. 102 52' 49" E. — blue clay mixed 
 with shells ; at 2.30 p.m. in 1087 fathoms, lat. 5°46' 02" 
 S., long. 103 29' 29" E. — blue clay mixed with gray 
 sand and shells; and at 6.30 p.m. in 1207 fathoms, lat. 
 5 51' 12" S., long. 103 35' 40" E.— gray sand and black 
 specks. 
 
 Fine pumice-stone was spread over the surface of the 
 water. Thick disagreeable weather and heavy rains were 
 experienced at intervals throughout the day and night, 
 and after dark vivid lightnings flashed continually. 
 
 The 3d of September began with fresh but variable 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 49 
 
 breezes from the southward and eastward. Egyptian dark- 
 ness prevailed, made more intense by the vivid lightning 
 which flashed from all parts of the heavens. We continued 
 on towards Flat Cape light until well within the circle of 
 illumination as marked on the chart, when at 1.25 a.m., 
 not seeing the light, and being deluged with heavy rains, 
 I decided to head off shore and await daylight — a wise 
 conclusion, as will be shortly seen. At 6.45 a.m. we 
 sounded in 522 fathoms, lat. 6° 05' 36" S., long. 104 15/ 
 24" E. ; coarse gray sand. The weather remained ex- 
 tremely thick, with heavy rain-squalls accompanied by 
 thunder and lightning. At 8.30 a.m. we sounded in 227 
 fathoms, lat. 6° 08' 54" S., long. 104 27' 12" E. — coarse 
 gray sand, mixed with scoriae and pumice ; and at 10. 20* 
 a.m. again sounded in 200 fathoms, lat. 6° n' 30" S.,. 
 long. 104 26' 30" E. — coarse gray sand mixed with 
 scoriae and pumice. 
 
 This completed the line of sounding across the Indian 
 Ocean. Thick rainy weather still continued, but at 1 1. 1 5 
 a.m. it lighted up a moment, revealing Flat Cape light- 
 house bearing north. 
 
 The sea at this time was covered with floating pumice- 
 stone from pulverized dust to blocks of large size. Ex- 
 tensive patches of driftwood, trees of large size, and 
 heavy limbs stripped bare, apparently but recently broken 
 off, were also floating with the current. We were steam- 
 ing through this drift all day, and frequently were obliged 
 to change the course to avoid running into the larger 
 trees. Occasionally nude bodies of white men and 
 
SO DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 women were seen floating on the water, and here and 
 there the swollen carcass of a drowned animal. 
 
 In the afternoon we sighted a man-of-war standing 
 towards us, and at 4.45 p.m. stopped to communicate with 
 the Prins Hendrick, a Dutch iron-clad, Captain McLeod, 
 in answer to a signal flying from her masthead. We 
 were told by the boarding officer that on the 27th of 
 August — only a week before our arrival — there had >een 
 a great earthquake and eruption of the Island of Krakatoa, 
 two-thirds of which had disappeared ; that a tidal wave 
 had destroyed Anjer and all the villages on both sides of 
 the straits ; that Bezee Channel, through which I had in- 
 tended to pass, was blocked up by newly-formed islands ; 
 that the coast line of the straits had been somewhat 
 changed ; that thousands upon thousands of people had 
 been drowned ; that all the light-houses in the neighbor- 
 hood had been destroyed or seriously injured, and that 
 all lights were extinguished, including that of Flat Cape, 
 which had not yet been relighted. No wonder, there- 
 fore, that we had not seen the light though well within 
 the radius of its usual illumination. And it was well that 
 the vessel was headed off shore in time, for, had we con- 
 tinued ten miles farther towards Flat Cape in search of 
 the light, our cruise might have ended there. This officer 
 ;also told us that the pumice-stone was so thick on the 
 Sumatra side of the straits — the wind having driven vast 
 quantities cf it to that side — that it was impossible to 
 communicate with the shore. This appalling news ac- 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 5 1 
 
 counted for the drift which we had encountered in the 
 straits. 
 
 I volunteered to remain to assist in warning incom- 
 ing vessels, but the captain did not consider it necessary, 
 preferring that I should take despatches to the Dutch 
 authorities at Batavia, with whom he had not communi- 
 cated for some time. Accordingly we kept on for 
 Batavia, changing the course of the vessel to avoid Bezee 
 Channel. At 11.30 p.m. dropped anchor in 27 fathoms 
 to await the morning. 
 
 Under way at daylight on the morning of the 4th, 
 with Krakatoa in full view ; and as we passed along the 
 coast we could see something of the effects of the tidal 
 wave. Not a house was standing where before there 
 had been villages. At Anjer a portion of the base of 
 the light-house was seen, and a few feet of the trunk of 
 the large banyan tree which had been a prominent mark 
 for many years. 
 
 Thwartway Island, reported to have been rent in 
 twain by the earthquake, at a distance appeared like 
 two or more islands, but a closer inspection dispelled 
 the illusion. 
 
 At 6.45 p.m., September 4, 1883, the Enterprise 
 anchored off Batavia. 
 
 Two days after our arrival we were agreeably sur- 
 prised to see the U. S. S. Juniata, Commander Harring- 
 ton, entering port. This vessel had touched at Singa- 
 pore, where a cablegram from the Navy Department 
 was found directing the Juniata and the Enterprise to 
 
52 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 go to the Straits of Sunda to assist in warning vessels. 
 Fortunately the Enterprise had already been there ; and 
 although it was not really necessary that the Juniata 
 should go, as the Dutch authorities had detailed several 
 vessels for this work, still, to carry out the Department's 
 order, the Juniata left at once and remained a few days. 
 A large number of men were calking our decks when 
 the Juniata arrived, and before the work was finished 
 and the bunkers filled with coal the Juniata returned to 
 Batavia, as her services were not needed. 
 
 We remained at Batavia until the 19th, giving 
 liberty to the crew and preparing for sea. For a few 
 days previous to our departure fears were entertained 
 that the iron-clad Prins Hendrick had come to grief, as 
 the Dutch admiral had heard nothing from her captain 
 for some time and no incoming vessel had seen her. 
 I at once volunteered to search for the missing vessel, 
 and agreed to cruise outside Flat Cape to Engano and 
 300 miles beyond, thence to Bencoolen and back, as 
 there was a possibility that she had become disabled in 
 some way near the entrance to the straits and had 
 drifted out to sea. The small Dutch vessels were to 
 examine the bays and indentations on the Sumatra side 
 of the straits. 
 
 On the 1 8th, therefore, I took on board an extra 
 amount of coal, intending to sail the following morn- 
 ing, but before dark a vessel arrived bringing the wel- 
 come news that the Prins Hendrick had been seen in 
 Semanka Bay, Sumatra. This intelligence was at once 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 53 
 
 sent to me by the admiral, with a letter of thanks for 
 the proposed aid. 
 
 As there was nothing to detain us longer at Ba- 
 tavia we got under way on the morning of the 19th, 
 and proceeded to the Straits of Sunda to examine more 
 closely the effects of the earthquake and tidal wave. 
 From St. Nicholas Point we steamed along the shore as 
 close as was prudent, to see if the formation of the coast 
 line had been changed, but no material alteration was 
 discovered. The small island of Tempoza was stripped 
 entirely of trees and soil, and the sides of the island of 
 Merak were badly scored. We took a number of 
 soundings close to the island and found them to agree 
 with those on the chart. 
 
 We then steamed for Anjer and anchored off the 
 ruins. As many as could be spared went on shore. 
 The desolation was truly apalling. Everything had 
 been swept into the sea or levelled to the ground. 
 Where before there was an extensive town, now not a 
 house remained, but only the foundations, which were 
 shown by rows and squares of bricks and mortar ; there 
 was scarcely one brick upon another above the level of 
 the ground. The streets, and indeed the whole place, 
 were strewn with brick and coral. Every tree within 
 the limits of the town had been twisted off near the 
 ground, or had been uprooted altogether. A more per- 
 fect scene of desolation cannot be imagined. We 
 walked from the battery, where the dismantled guns 
 were lying on the ground, to a point distant perhaps a 
 
54 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 mile back from the town, where a few cocoanut and 
 other trees were standing. Mud and ashes adhered to 
 the limbs to the very tops ; branches were found 
 broken off at an estimated distance of at least thirty 
 feet from the ground, and as these trees were on a 
 higher level than the town, we judged that the tidal 
 wave must have reached a height at this point of fifty 
 feet. I was assured by the Dutch authorities at Batavia 
 that the wave rushed up one of the valleys on the 
 Sumatra side until it reached the base of a house which 
 was 105 feet above the level of the sea by actual 
 measurement. Before leaving the site Lieut. M. A. 
 Shufeldt, U. S. N., took several photographs of the 
 ruins. 
 
 From Anjer we steamed to Thwartway and anchored 
 for the night. The next morning I went on shore ac- 
 companied by some of the officers. The tidal wave had 
 swept through the depressions or valleys on the island, 
 uprooting all the trees within its reach and washing 
 them, together with every particle of soil and vegeta- 
 tion, into the sea. The bed of the valley was composed 
 of stones, coral, and boulders, with occasional patches of 
 driftwood which had been caught therein when the 
 waters subsided. 
 
 Portions of the southern and western sides of the 
 island gave evidence of more or less extensive land- 
 slides. No trees remained except on the tops of the 
 high portions of the island which had not been reached 
 by the tidal wave, thus giving such a peculiar appear- 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 55 
 
 ance to the island as to make it seem to be rent in twain 
 by the earthquake. 
 
 From Thwartway we steamed slowly towards Kra- 
 katoa, taking frequent soundings. When about five 
 miles from the new island which had formed in Bezee 
 Channel, the leadsman reported 14 fathoms, which was 
 much less than the chart gave. While engaged in 
 locating the shoal by sextant angles, this island, called 
 by the Dutch Calmeijer, suddenly began sending up 
 large puffs of smoke and dust, and at the same time a 
 line of heavy breakers appeared extending all the way 
 across the channel between Bezee Island and Krakatoa. 
 Thinking that a small tidal wave might be coming, the 
 air-ports and the cabin stern-ports were closed quickly, 
 boats hoisted which had just been lowered, and prepara- 
 tions made to batten down the hatches. The disturb- 
 ance, however, proved local and had no appreciable 
 effect on the ship, although the eruption continued a 
 half-hour and the chief engineer reported that the 
 temperature of the injection-water went up 4 . 
 
 We continued taking casts as we passed Krakatoa, 
 whose bare sides, covered with ashes and scoria, re- 
 vealed rents or gulleys running from top to bottom 
 in irregular lines. Shortly after sunset, having steamed 
 several miles beyond the volcano, the engines were 
 stopped and the vessel was allowed to drift under fore- 
 and-aft sails. 
 
 Some time after dark a steamer was seen slowly ap- 
 proaching our ship from the direction of Bezee Island. 
 
56 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 When a short distance away she fired a gun and sent 
 up a rocket, then bore down on us and came within 
 hail. It was the iron-clad Prinz Hendrick. Having 
 a curiosity to learn of her experiences, I went on board 
 myself. The captain told me that several days before 
 he had run into Semanka Bay and sent two boats to 
 communicate with the shore ; that while waiting for 
 them to return the wind drove vast quantities of 
 pumice-stone into the bay, making it impossible for the 
 boats to return to the ship. Seeing that they had com- 
 municated with the shore, and knowing therefore that 
 his men would have sufficient food, he signalled 
 them that he must put to sea on account of the 
 increasing drift. Soon after getting under way, fine 
 particles of pumice got into the valves and tempo- 
 rarily disabled the engines, and he was obliged to 
 anchor in 60 fathoms. Thirty hours were consumed 
 in making repairs. He then made another attempt to 
 push through the pumice-drift, which was at least three 
 feet thick, and at last made out to reach clear water. 
 He was surprised that there had been any anxiety on 
 his account, as he had seen several vessels at a dis- 
 tance while he was in Semanka Bay, and supposed 
 that his vessel had been seen and that her position 
 had been reported. He, in turn, was feeling anxious 
 for the safety of a small gunboat which had been sent 
 in search of him. We remained in the neighborhood 
 until daylight, then steamed back, and while skirting 
 the islands of Verlaten and Krakatoa, a man-of-war was 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 57 
 
 seen approaching. I signalled to her that I had a 
 communication to make, and sent an officer to explain 
 the situation. She proved to be the vessel about 
 which Captain McLeod had expressed some concern. 
 
 Many of the crew and several of the officers, includ- 
 ing the navigator, having by this time come down with 
 the dengue fever, fortunately of a comparatively mild 
 type, I decided to proceed at once to Singapore. 
 
 We sailed leisurely through the Java Sea, which was 
 covered with fine particles of pumice-stone, and on the 
 30th of September arrived at Singapore, having stopped 
 en route one day at Mintok. 
 
 At Singapore a telegram was received from Rear- 
 Admiral Crosby directing me to proceed at once with 
 the Enterprise to Hong Kong, on account of the riot 
 at Canton and the disturbed condition of affairs in 
 China. Thus the visit to Borneo had to be given up. 
 
 Note. 
 
 I can finish this chapter in no better way than to 
 copy extracts from a Boston newspaper giving the ex- 
 periences of the bark W. H. Besse near the Straits of 
 Sunda at the time of the earthquake. 
 
58 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 "EXTRAORDINARY EXPERIENCES. 
 " STRANGE MISHAPS WHICH BEFELL THE BARK W. H. BESSE. 
 
 " Nestling since Thursday afternoon in her cosey 
 land-locked quarters at the yard of the Standard Sugar 
 Refinery, South Boston, the bark W. H. Besse, from 
 Manila, the first that has reached us with vivid realiza- 
 tion of the volcanic eruptions in Asia, gives little indi- 
 cation of the extraordinary perils through which she has 
 passed. . . . Having sailed toward the Straits of Sunda, 
 on the 26th of August light airs and calms were met. 
 Throughout the afternoon and night heavy reports were 
 heard, like the discharge of monstrous artillery, the 
 sounds seeming to come from the direction of Kraka- 
 toa Island, which is situated in the Straits of Sunda, 
 lat. 6° 9/ S., long. 105 29/ E., and is about seven miles 
 long and five miles broad. It became very dark and 
 cloudy through the night, with continuous and countless 
 flashes of lightning in every direction. The barometer 
 was 30.15. Monday, August 27th, opened with strong 
 breezes and thick, cloudy weather. At 9,30 a.m. the 
 pilot left the vessel. Ever since daybreak a dark heavy 
 bank had been noticed to the westward, which continuing 
 to rise, the sun became obscured and the whole heavens 
 grew black. All hands were called on deck, every bit 
 of canvas was furled, the port anchor was let go, and 
 Captain Baker, with the fortitude of one resolved to die 
 at his post if necessary, calmly awaited the catastrophe. 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 59 
 
 Scarcely had the sails and port anchor been disposed of 
 than the squall struck the side of the bark with ter- 
 rible force. The starboard anchor was then let go with 
 eighty fathoms of chain. With the squall came a 
 heavy shower of sand and ashes. The atmosphere had 
 become by this time darker than the darkest night. 
 The barometer continued to rise and fall an inch at a 
 time, the wind was blowing a hurricane, and the water 
 was lashed into such a tumultuous motion as can hardly 
 be conceived. A heavy rumbling with reports like 
 steadily increasing thunder continued, and the awful 
 blackness overhead was rendered still more appalling by 
 the lurid and fitful lightning that flashed in jagged yet 
 concentric streaks. The captain describes the contrast- 
 ing darkness as the most intense he ever knew, and 
 although it was still daytime there was not enough day- 
 light to see one's own hand. At this time Bezee 
 Island was bearing north by west about five or six 
 miles, and Anjier, which witnessed the terrible destruc- 
 tion of land and life caused by the earthquake and 
 eruptions, was in comparative proximity. A stifling 
 smell of sulphur permeated the whole atmosphere, 
 making it difficult to do the amount of breathing 
 necessary to sustain consciousness. All the elements 
 of nature seemed to be massed in menacing hostility. 
 The tide was setting strongly to the west, and the 
 bark rushed along under bare poles at the speed of 14 
 knots an hour. A seaman on account of the darkness 
 walked off the forward house, striking his head on the 
 
<5o DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 deck and was shockingly injured. The sounds and 
 scenes through all the hours of the day and night were 
 of the most awful description that can be imagined ; the 
 shrieking winds, the spuming and churning waters, the 
 murky and impenetrable veil overhead and on every 
 side, and the tons of ashes, pumice-stone, and earthy 
 fragments that threatened to engulf the fated bark, 
 combining to daze and appal every soul on board. 
 From the poor little Chinaman who has linked his lot 
 with this vessel for six years, to the hapless native of 
 the Philippines, the hardy Scandinavian who had 
 weathered many a gale, the cheery and courteous mate, 
 and even to the master of the ship, there was spread the 
 common feeling of some catastrophe, and the sense of 
 a disturbance in nature utterly beyond any before ex- 
 perience by mariner. Several were convinced that the 
 day of final judgment had come. 
 
 "At 3 p.m. the sky began to grow a little lighter, 
 although the ashes and other volcanic matter continued 
 to fall. The bark hove short on her starboard anchor. 
 The barometer rose and fell rapidly and then became sta- 
 tionary. The whole ship, rigging and masts were coated 
 with sand and ashes to the depth of several inches. 
 
 " August 27th began with light airs and thick, smoky 
 weather, and there was a dead calm through the day 
 and night. The men on the Besse saw vast quan- 
 tities of trees and dead fish floating by with the tide, the 
 water having a whitish appearance, caused by a surface 
 of light ashes. It was soon discovered that in the 
 
VOYAGE FROM CAPE TOWN TO CHINA. 6l 
 
 midst of the natural convulsion mighty changes had been 
 wrought in the outlines of sea and shore, while islands 
 had sunk, the entire northwest part of Krakatoa Island 
 had disappeared, and the beautiful forest-clothed islands 
 of Lang and Verlaten had been completely denuded. 
 The day ended with a dead calm and thick, smoky 
 atmosphere. 
 
 " On August 28th the day came in with calms, but 
 thick, murky weather. Immense masses of cocoanuts, 
 trees, and fish were encountered, the debris extending 
 over a surface of more than five hundred miles. In 
 the afternoon no light-house or sign of life could be 
 discerned on any side. All light sails were furled and 
 the bark stood out under easy sail through the night. 
 
 " On Thursday, August 30th, the water was found 
 covered with large trees and driftwood, it being almost 
 impossible to steer clear of them. A sharp lookout 
 was kept in the forecastle through the day, and 
 large masses of dead bodies were passed. At 10 a.m. 
 Java light-houses were sighted, but the wind hauling 
 ahead, the bark kept away to the westward of Punce 
 Island. . . ." 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 HOMEWARD BOUND. 
 
 RECEIVE ORDERS TO PROCEED WITH THE ENTERPRISE 
 
 TO THE UNITED STATES VIA AUSTRALIA. HONG 
 
 KONG. SOURABAYA, JAVA. ALBANY, WEST AUSTRA- 
 LIA. MELBOURNE, VICTORIA. WELLINGTON, NEW 
 
 ZEALAND. RUN LINE OF DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS FROM 
 
 WELLINGTON TO MAGELLAN STRAITS. SANDY POINT. 
 
 MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY. 
 
 As this is not a general history of the cruise of the 
 Enterprise, I pass over an interesting period of nearly 
 two years, merely mentioning that the winter of 1883 
 was passed in the waters of Korea, when Chemulpo con- 
 sisted of a handful of small rude houses, and Seoul, the 
 capital, had but two ladies of western civilization 
 within her walls ; that in the spring of 1884 we had the 
 honor of taking our minister, the Hon. John Russell 
 Young, and the commander-in-chief of the U. S. naval 
 forces, Rear-Admiral J. L. Davis, to nearly all the treaty 
 ports in China, including those up the Yangtse River, 
 as far as Hankow ; and that later in the year the 
 Enterprise vyas present at the bombardment of Foo- 
 
 choo arsenal, Pagoda Anchorage, and witnessed the 
 
 62 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 63 
 
 destruction of the Chinese fleet, and the passing of the 
 forts in the Min River, by the French squadron under 
 Vice-Admiral Courbet. 
 
 On the 9th of July, 1885, while in Min River, 
 China, where we had been for the third time during the 
 cruise, the long-expected orders to proceed home were 
 received. Upon being relieved by another United 
 States vessel, the Enterprise was to proceed to New 
 York via Australia, run a line of soundings between 
 Wellington, New Zealand, and Cape Horn, and be- 
 tween Montevideo and the United States. The choice 
 of route to Australia and New Zealand, as well as the 
 parallel of latitude on which to run the soundings in the 
 South Pacific, were left to my discretion. 
 
 Upon the arrival of the Palos I took from 
 her a sounding reel and a quantity of spare wire, 
 and on the 20th of July left Min River, arriving on 
 the 24th at Hong Kong, having touched at Amoy on 
 the way. 
 
 We filled up with coal and provisions and sailed 
 from Hong Kong on the 24th of July with a homeward- 
 bound pennant, 365 feet long, streaming from the main- 
 truck. It was the season of the S.W. monsoons, and 
 the weather at the start was very thick. Expecting to 
 encounter head-winds on the passage, we housed top- 
 masts as soon as clear of land, sent down topsail yards, 
 and landed the lower yards on the rail. For much the 
 greater part of the way the wind and currents were 
 against us, but on the 10th of August we reached 
 
64 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 Sourabaya, Java, having steamed the whole distance, 
 1978 miles, with no help from our canvas except occa- 
 sionally when the wind veered enough to permit the 
 fore-and-aft sails to draw. The actual number of knots 
 steamed was considerably more than 2000, on an ex- 
 penditure of coal of about 150 tons. 
 
 Sourabaya had recently been scourged by the Asiatic 
 cholera, but as there were no cases when we arrived the 
 physicians thought it would be perfectly safe to give 
 the crew liberty. This was particularly desirable, as for 
 months there had been no opportunity to let the men 
 go on shore. I therefore remained a number of days 
 at Sourabaya for this purpose, filling up with coal and 
 provisions in the mean time. The Dutch residents were 
 very cordial in their welcome, and made our visit an 
 agreeable one. Our accomplished consular agent, Mr. 
 Silva Rupe, won our hearts by his uniform kindness. 
 The only American man-of-war that had visited Soura- 
 baya within the memory of any white resident was the 
 U. S. S. Iroquois, Captain C. R. P. Rodgers, and this 
 occurred about twenty years before our arrival. We 
 left Sourabaya on the 16th of August, and on the morn- 
 ing of the 17th passed through Baly Straits. 
 
 On the 19th, when but three days out, Charles 
 Christiensen, captain of the foretop, died suddenly of 
 what appeared to be genuine Asiatic cholera, and was 
 buried the same day. The ship was at once fumigated 
 and the clothing of the deceased destroyed. Fortun- 
 ately no other cases followed. 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 65 
 
 Although we were not directed to sound before 
 reaching Wellington, New Zealand, it was thought best 
 to take a few' casts on the passage to Australia, to test 
 the wire, which had remained on the reel for two years 
 and also the working of the whole apparatus ; accord- 
 ingly on the 24th of August a cast was taken in 3066' 
 fathoms, lat. 19 08' S., long. 105 20' E. The shot: 
 did not detach itself upon reaching bottom, and while 
 working it up and down the wire parted and 2826 fath- 
 oms were lost. 
 
 On the 27th another cast was taken in'3182 fathoms, 
 lat. 23 oi' S., long. 101 20' E. When the wire was 
 nearly reeled in it parted with a jerk. Two enormous- 
 sharks had been swimming about the ship while this 
 cast was being taken, and one of them was supposed to> 
 have snapped at the specimen-cup as it was nearing the 
 surface — possibly swallowing it — as happened once be-' 
 fore on our outward voyage. A large steel hook was 
 immediately baited with a piece of salt pork, and soon 
 one of the two was caught and hoisted half-way out of 
 the water, but unfortunately it succeeded in getting 
 away, much to our disappointment, as we had hoped to 
 recover the lost specimen-cup. This was not an absurd 
 expectation, for it is well known that sharks are not 
 fastidious in regard to their diet. I myself have seen 
 in the stomach of a shark caught off Mobile in 1862 two, 
 meat-cans and an old shoe. 
 
 On the 31st of August we sounded in 2586 fathoms;, 
 lat. 29 20' S., long. 101 55' E., and again the wire 
 
66 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 parted when it was nearly reeled in, but in this case the 
 cause was due to a kink. 
 
 On the 5th of September we rounded Cape Leu- 
 win, the southwesternmost point of Australia, and on the 
 6th entered King George's Sound and anchored off 
 Albany. This magnificent harbor will one day be of 
 immense importance as a naval arsenal. Here we filled 
 up with coal, taking it from hulks which were brought 
 alongside. No one on shore could remember any visit 
 of an American man-of-war before the arrival of the 
 Enterprise. 
 
 On the 8th of September we got under way for Port 
 Melbourne. When sufficiently clear of the land the 
 ship was swung for compass deviations, and then a cast 
 was taken in 11 28 fathoms, lat. 35 26' S., long. 118 $f 
 E., well within view of Bald Head and Eclipse Island. 
 
 On the 1 6th September we anchored off Port Mel- 
 bourne. Here we remained one month fitting the ship 
 for her coming voyage across the South Pacific, enjoy- 
 ing the hospitality of the good citizens of Melbourne 
 and gaining grander ideas of the possibilities of republics. 
 We saw much of the colonists, and were impressed with 
 the advances they are making in civilization. Having 
 the experiences of the Old World and the New World 
 to guide them, they sift the good from the bad, and 
 enact laws which in turn serve as models for the older 
 nations. The so-called "working people" appear to ex- 
 ert a greater influence in Australia than they do in the 
 United States ; and it struck me that the average intel- 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 67 
 
 ligence of the colonists was higher than that of our own 
 people. 
 
 Australasia is not appreciated by us as it should be. 
 An empire is growing at the antipodes which, if im- 
 perial federation is not brought about within a few 
 years, will become independent and will exert a tre- 
 mendous influence, not only among the islands of the 
 Pacific, but throughout the world. As large in territory 
 as the United States, it already has about 4,000,000 
 whites, or more than the population of the original thir- 
 teen colonies when they became an independent nation. 
 They are a whole-souled, gallant race, and we left their 
 country with a genuine love for the people and a firm 
 belief in their future greatness. 
 
 The idea of a federation or alliance of all English- 
 speaking peoples was discussed with enthusiasm, and 
 their orators in eloquent language depicted the benefi- 
 cial results which might follow the realization of their 
 dream. 
 
 On the 1 6th of October the Enterprise sailed for 
 New Zealand. The weather became thick as we ap- 
 proached land, and nothing could be seen until we were 
 well within Cook's Straits. A moderate gale increased 
 the difficulties of navigation, but at last we sighted the 
 entrance to Queen Charlotte's Sound, where we an- 
 chored on the 25th. 
 
 On the 26th the Enterprise reached Wellington. 
 New Zealand, from which point the line of soundings to 
 Cape Horn was to begin. 
 
68 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 The cordial greeting extended to us by the govern- 
 ment and by the good people of Wellington generally, 
 because of their high regard for the United States, was 
 particularly gratifying. The sentiment in favor of a fed- 
 eration of all the English-speaking peoples was stronger, 
 if possible, here than in Australia. As in Melbourne,, 
 so also at Wellington we were treated like brothers, 
 and it was a matter of deep regret that our time was too 
 limited to enable us to visit other parts of New Zealand 
 or make excursions into the interior. 
 
 Having before us a long run of at least 4500 miles 
 over a portion of the South Pacific noted for its storms 
 and heavy seas, I thought it advisable to fill up with the 
 very best coal in Wellington, and through the exertions 
 of Mr. Levin, our accomplished consular agent, was 
 fortunate enough to obtain a supply of Cardiff coal of 
 superior quality. 
 
 Late in the afternoon of the 5th of November, 1885, 
 we left Wellington, anchoring when out of sight of the 
 city in a small bay a few miles distant, in order that the 
 crew, many of whom had been entertained at a banquet 
 on shore the evening before, might have a refreshing 
 sleep. Moreover, New Zealand being noted for its sud-. 
 den and heavy gales, I wished to be fully prepared to 
 encounter bad weather. 
 
 We got under way early in the morning of the 6th 
 and put to sea. The ship, deeply laden, had her decks 
 encumbered with coal, of which thirty tons were in 
 bags ; hen-coops filled with poultry ; twelve live sheep 
 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 69 
 
 and a dozen pigs, besides quantities of provisions laid in 
 by the different messes. 
 
 As night approached a fresh gale from the N.N.W. 
 overtook us which necessitated lying to, but before the 
 gale became too heavy we sounded in 637 fathoms. 
 
 When discussing the subject of deep-sea soundings 
 with some of the inhabitants of Wellington, I was led to 
 expect that a plateau existed between New Zealand and 
 the Chatham Islands upon which shallow water might 
 be found. Tradition states that once upon a time a 
 fisherman had anchored between the two groups well 
 out of sight of land. We found a plateau, as will be 
 seen further on, and it is very possible that the tradition 
 is true. Considering the route taken, the season of the 
 year in which the line of soundings was run, and the 
 fact that the Enterprise was t\\e first vessel to sound the 
 depths of this part of the Pacific, I have thought it best 
 to quote freely from my private journal and the ship's 
 log-book. As stated in the Introduction, the latest 
 charts (1892) do not record a single deep-sea cast south 
 of this line between New Zealand and Cape Horn, a 
 distance of one hundred and fifty degrees of longitude, 
 although nearly seven years have elapsed since the 
 Enterprise visited those waters. Moreover, a detailed 
 account will give a better idea of the work required of 
 the crew in taking these casts, and it should also be re- 
 membered that the terms of enlistment of many of the 
 men had expired, and that nearly every officer had been 
 away from his home three years or more. 
 
70 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 November 6, 1885. At 5.12 a.m. got under way and 
 proceeded to sea with a falling barometer. At 8.05 
 a.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 637 
 fathoms, lat. 41 ° 41' S., long. 175 oo' E. In reeling in 
 the wire parted, losing 300 fathoms and the sounding- 
 cup. At 8.50 a.m. made sail, uncoupled propeller, and 
 banked fires. The wind increasing to a moderate gale 
 from the N.N.W. to N.W., accompanied by a rough 
 sea, fires were spread, and at 4 p.m. the vessel was lying 
 to under after-stormsails, assisted by the engines, which 
 were kept moving slowly. The roll of the ship was 
 deep, at times 32 to starboard and 20 to port. The 
 decks were continually drenched with spray, the hatches 
 were battened down, and altogether the night was a 
 most uncomfortable one. The success of our undertak- 
 ing did not look promising. At 8 the barometer stood 
 29.27 ; at midnight 29.31. Temperature 54 . 
 
 November 7. At midnight the gale broke, and at 
 1.30 a.m. the ship was put on her course under sail, the 
 wind decreasing steadily in force and veering to the 
 westward. At 6.15 a.m. shortened and furled sail, then 
 sounded in 1192 fathoms, lat. 42 27' S., long. 175 34' 
 E. ; blue mud. At 7.10 a.m. started ahead under steam. 
 The wind became variable and light during the day, the 
 sky overcast with mist and drizzling rain. In the even- 
 ing the wind veered to the southward of east. At 
 8.40 p.m. stopped steaming, uncoupled, made sail, and 
 banked fires. Sea moderately smooth at night. At 
 midnight barometer 29.81, temperature 54 . 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 7 1 
 
 November 8. The wind gradually backed from E. 
 by S. at i a.m. to S.E. at 3 p.m., then veered to N.E. by 
 E. near midnight, decreasing in force until the ship 
 made but one knot an hour. Sea quite smooth. Tem- 
 perature of surface-water both yesterday and to-day 
 varied from 54 to 58 , the change taking place in an 
 hour, evidently produced by a current. Found a cur- 
 rent averaging 0.5 knots an hour setting N. 71 ° E. At 
 midnight barometer 30.10, temperature 59 . 
 
 November 9 (1). Wind light from N.E. by N. to 
 N.N.E. until 9 p.m., when it veered to the northward 
 and westward, force variable. At 3.25 a.m. shortened 
 and furled sail, then sounded in 1320 fathoms, lat. 43 07' 
 S., long. 178 19' E. ; gray ooze. After sounding, swung 
 ship for compass deviations. At 5.25 a.m. made sail, 
 uncoupled, hauled fires, and shaped a course to pass to 
 the southward of the Chatham Islands. Sea smooth 
 until afternoon, when the wind freshened, causing a 
 moderate sea by midnight. Current 0.6. knot an hour, 
 setting S. 54 W. At midnight barometer 29.98, tem- 
 perature 5 8°. 
 
 November 9 (2). Crossed the 180th meridian this 
 morning. At 6.25 a.m. started fires in two boilers and 
 took in mainsail. At 8.30 a.m. took in all sail, then 
 sounded in 224 fathoms, lat. 43 37' S., long. 179 37' 
 W. ; soft blue mud, black specks — a great change since 
 yesterday. We had evidently struck the edge of the 
 plateau of which tradition speaks. At 8.45 a.m. made 
 sail and banked fires. At 1 p.m. took in sail, then 
 
■J2 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 sounded in 160 fathoms, lat. 43 53' S.,long. 179° n'W. ; 
 gray and black sand, shells, lava. At 1.15 p.m. made 
 sail to royals, banked fires. At 6.50 p.m. hove to and 
 sounded in 184 fathoms, lat. 44' 08' S., long. 1 78 57' W. ; 
 gray sand, black specks, shells, and lava. At 7 p.m. put 
 ship on her course, uncoupled, let fires die out. During 
 the forenoon there was a moderately stiff breeze from the 
 northward, varying a point or two on either side. In the 
 afternoon the wind gradually veered to the N.W., de- 
 creasing in force, aud by 10 p.m. the vessel had no steer- 
 age way. Long swell from the northward. At 8 p.m. 
 it became foggy. Current 0.8 knot an hour, setting S. 
 48 E. At midnight barometer 29.93, temperature 
 
 56 . 
 
 November 10. Began with light airs from north- 
 ward, then calm. At 4 a.m. light airs from eastward. 
 Foggy about the horizon. At 8.15 a.m. hove to, to 
 sound, using the casting lead; but not finding bottom in 
 300 fathoms, filled away and started fires in two boilers. 
 At 10.30 a.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded 
 in 751 fathoms, lat. 44 41' S., long. 178 53' W. ; gray 
 sand, black specks, blue mud. At 11. 15 a.m. made sail, 
 banked fires, uncoupled. Set in thick and foggy again 
 in the afternoon, with wind increasing to a fresh breeze 
 trom N.N.E. Barometer falling. At 3 p.m. spread fires. 
 At 3.45 p.m. took in sail and sounded again in 996 fathoms, 
 lat. 45 02 ' S., long. 178 21' W.; gray mud and sand. 
 At 4.15 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, and banked fires. At 
 7.35 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded again in 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 73 
 
 1 38 1 fathoms, lat. 45 1 i' S., long. i77°53 / W.; gray mud 
 and sand. At 8.10 p.m. made sail, uncoupled. Long 
 swell from S.S.W. Stiff breeze at midnight. Current 
 0.5 knot an hour, setting S. 25 E. Barometer at mid- 
 night 29.84, temperature 54 . 
 
 November 1 1. Moderate to fresh breeze from the 
 northward and eastward during the day. Weather 
 cloudy, with occasional light rain and fog. At 3 a.m. took 
 in mainsail and started fires in two boilers. At 4.45 a.m. 
 shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 2 180 fathoms, 
 lat. 45 45' S., long. 176 37' W. ; gray mud and sand. 
 At 6 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, and let fires die out. 
 At 3.30 p.m. took in mainsail and started fires. At 5.35 
 p.m. shortened and furled sail and sounded in 2237 
 fathoms, lat. 46 19' S., long. 174 34' W. ; gray mud. 
 At 6.40 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, and let fires die out. 
 Foggy drizzling rain. Moderate sea from northward, 
 gradually increasing. Current 0.7 knot per hour, set- 
 ting S. 2)7° E. Barometer falling during the day from 
 29.79 to 29.22 at midnight. Temperature 55 . 
 
 November 12. Overcast, foggy with drizzling rain. 
 Fresh to stiff breeze from northward and westward. 
 Moderate sea from the northward. Ship under top- 
 gallant sails. At 3 a.m. took in mainsail and started 
 fires. At 5.18 a.m. shortened and furled sail, then 
 sounded in 2782 fathoms, lat. 46 36' S., long. 172 34' 
 W.; dark gray mud. At 7.27 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, 
 banked fires. Roll of ship 20 to starboard, 15 to 
 port. At 5.20 p.m. hauled up mainsail and spread fires. 
 
74 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 At 6.10 p.m. took in all sail, then sounded in 3002 fath- 
 oms, lat. 46 50' S., long. 170 34' W. In reeling in, 
 the attendant carelessly let the instrument used in guid- 
 ing the wire catch in a splice and the wire parted, 
 losing 1300 fathoms and specimen-cup. At 8.50 p.m. 
 made sail, uncoupled, and let fires die out. Current 0.8 
 knot per hour, setting S. 58 E. Barometer at mid- 
 night 29.66, temperature 54 . 
 
 November 13. Misty with light drizzle. Wind 
 light from the northward and westward, becoming calm 
 at 6 p.m., followed by light breeze from the southward 
 and eastward at 9 p.m. At 12.26 p.m. took in mainsail 
 and started fires in two boilers. At 3.40 p.m. shortened 
 and furled sail, then sounded in 2972 fathoms, lat. 47 08' 
 S., long. 1 68° oo' W. ; gray and brown mud. At 4.55 
 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, and hauled fires. Roll of 
 ship 22 to starboard and the same to port. "Weather 
 has been so wet and foggy, with so little sunshine, the 
 decks are always damp and the pigs have bad colds ! " 
 Current 0.8 knot per hour, setting S. 58 E. Barom- 
 eter at midnight 29.71. 
 
 November 14. Gentle breeze from southward 
 and eastward, increasing to fresh breeze in the afternoon. 
 At 11.30 a.m. took in mainsail and started fires. At 
 3.30 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 
 2881 fathoms, lat. 46 52' S., long. 166 46' W. ; brown 
 mud. At 4.55 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, and let fires 
 die out. Long swell from the northward. Current 0.3 
 knot per hour, setting to the eastward. Caught a 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 75 
 
 small albatross — nine feet from tip to tip — and released 
 it after taking measurements. At midnight light airs. 
 Barometer 29.76, temperature 51 . 
 
 November 15. Light and variable airs from mid- 
 night to 4 a.m., when a breeze came out from the north- 
 ward a little easterly, increasing to a stiff breeze with 
 squalls and threatening weather, accompanied by driz- 
 zling rain until 1 1 p.m., when breeze died out. Moder- 
 ate sea with long swell. At 1.25 p.m. hauled up main- 
 sail and started fires. At 4.30 p.m. took in all sail, then 
 sounded in 2793 fathoms, lat. 47 22' S., long. 164 34' 
 W. ; brown mud and gravel. At 5.50 p.m. made sail, 
 uncoupled and hauled fires. Current 0.3 knot per 
 hour, setting to the eastward. Barometer at midnight 
 29.61, temperature 52 . 
 
 November 16. Light breeze from the westward, 
 veering to south and increasing to moderate breeze. 
 Pleasant weather. At 12.30 p.m. took in mainsail and 
 started fires. At 3 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then 
 sounded in 2750 fathoms, lat. 47 54' S., long. 162 22' 
 W. ; brown mud. At 4.25 p.m. commenced swinging 
 ship for compass deviations. At 5.15 p.m. made sail, un- 
 coupled, and hauled fires. The reel showed signs of 
 distress, and, in order to repair it, the wire was trans- 
 ferred to the reel taken from the Palos. Current 0.5 
 knots per hour, setting S. 44 E. Barometer at mid- 
 night 29.56, temperature 50 . 
 
 November 17. Moderate to gentle breeze from 
 the southward and westward until 9 a.m., then light 
 
j6 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 and variable, and for the rest of the day there was 
 scarcely steerage way on the ship. At 10.15 a.m. took in 
 mainsail and started fires. At 1.08 p.m. took in all sail, 
 then sounded in 2533 fathoms, lat. 48 16' S., long - . 160 
 if W.; light brown mud, stone, shells. After sound- 
 ing, swung ship for compass deviations. At 5.15 p.m. 
 finished swinging ship, then made sail, uncoupled, and 
 hauled fires. At 11. 15 p.m. the wind came out from 
 the southward, increasing to a moderate breeze. Cur- 
 rent 0.75 knot per hour, setting to the eastward. 
 Barometer at midnight 29.79, temperature 50 . A large 
 number of albatross following the ship, caught a 
 small one whose w T ings measured ten feet from tip to 
 tip. 
 
 November 18. Light to gentle breeze from 
 S.S.E., veering to northward and westward during the 
 latter part of the day. Long heavy swell from the 
 eastward. There has evidently been a gale in front of 
 us, which accounts for the calm of yesterday and the 
 light breeze to-day. At 3.35 p.m. took in mainsail and 
 started fires. At 6.18 p.m. shortened and furled sail, 
 then sounded in 2796 fathoms, lat. 48 23' S., long. 
 l S9° °5' W.; brown mud. Yesterday and to-day we 
 used the Palos reel, which necessitates reeling in by 
 hand, thus consuming more time than, usual. At 8.45 
 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, hauled fires. No current 
 observed during the last 24 hours, doubtless on account 
 of the heavy swell from the eastward. Barometer at 
 midnight 29.92, temperature 50 . 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. J 7 
 
 November 19. Fresh breeze, varying slightly in 
 direction between north and northwest, and increasing 
 to a fresh gale with squalls from N.N.W. Moderate, 
 increasing to rough sea. At 9.25 a.m. took in main- 
 sail and started fires in distiller boiler, and at 11.25 A - M - 
 started fires in another boiler for sounding. At 2 
 p m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 2789 
 fathoms, lat. 48 51' S., long. 156 43' W.; brown mud, 
 black specks. At 3.45 p.m. made sail to double-reefed 
 topsails and single-reefed foresail, uncoupled, and banked 
 fires. Used the old working reel to-day, it having been 
 repaired. The gale increasing and the sea becoming 
 heavy from the N.N.W., I was obliged to shorten sail 
 and lie to under after-stormsails, with engines turning 
 slowly. Ship rolling deeply. Greatest observed roll 
 34 to starboard and 28 to port. Current 0.5 knot 
 per hour, setting S. 44 E. Barometer at midnight 
 29.42, temperature 51 . 
 
 November 20. Began with overcast, squally, and 
 rainy weather ; moderate gale from northward and west- 
 ward, accompanied by a long swell and heavy sea. 
 Ship lying to and rolling deeply. Extreme observed 
 roll 33 to starboard and 31° to port. At about 4 a.m. 
 the gale broke and the sea soon moderated, the wind 
 veering to the westward, bringing a bright cheerful day 
 with sunshine. Made sail at 4.30 a.m. and put vessel 
 on her course. Spread fires and at 2.45 p.m. took in all 
 sail, then sounded in 2509 fathoms, lat. 48 57' S., long. 
 1 54 21' W.; yellowish-brown mud and broken shells. 
 
yS DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 At 4.20 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, hauled fires. Cur- 
 rent 1 knot per hour, setting S. 73 E. Barometer at 
 midnight 29.91, temperature 50 . 
 
 November 21. Began pleasant, with fresh breeze 
 from the northward and westward, accompanied by a 
 long swell and moderate sea. At 4.20 a.m. hauled up 
 mainsail and started fires. At 7.20 a.m. shortened and 
 furled sail, then sounded in 2650 fathoms, lat. 49 09' 
 S., long. 152 02' W.; yellow mud, shells. At 8.50 a.m. 
 made sail to topgallant sails, hauled fires, uncoupled. 
 The wind freshened towards noon and in the afternoon 
 was squally. At 4.05 p.m. hauled up mainsail and 
 started fires. At 6.55 p.m. shortened and furled sail, 
 then sounded in 2915 fathoms, lat. 49 06' S., long. 
 150 00' W. After having reeled in to within 75 
 fathoms of the cup the wire parted. Upon examina- 
 tion a defect was found in the wire. Lost 75 fathoms 
 and specimen-cup. At 8.35 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, 
 and hauled fires. At 10 p.m. the wind veered to the 
 S.W. Current 0.6 knot per hour, setting S. 73 E- 
 At noon barometer stood 29.78, at midnight 29.90. 
 Temperature 49 . 
 
 November 22. Began with fresh breeze from 
 S.S.W., and during the day the wind continued steady 
 from the southward and westward, with long swell and 
 moderate sea. At 10.30 a.m. started fires. At 3.30 
 p.m. took in all sail, then sounded in 2506 fathoms, lat. 
 49 04' S., long. 1 47 27' W.; yellow sand, broken shells. 
 At 3.55 p.m. made sail, hauled fires, and uncoupled. 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 79 
 
 Current 0.15 knot per hour, setting east. Barometer 
 at midnight 30.08, temperature 47 . 
 
 November 23. Light to moderate breeze from 
 southward to westward, with moderate following sea 
 until 3 p.m., when the wind backed to the westward, re- 
 maining at N.W. by W. after 6 p.m. In the afternoon 
 long heavy swell from the southward. Ship rolling 20 
 to windward and 23 to leeward. At 7 a.m. hauled up 
 mainsail and started fires. At 10.07 A - M « shortened and 
 furled sail, then sounded in 2522 fathoms, lat. 49 02' 
 S., long. 145 ii 7 W.; yellow sand. At 4.35 p.m. 
 shortened and furled sail and swung ship for compass 
 deviations. At 5.20 p.m. made sail and hauled fires. 
 Current 0.6 knot per hour, setting N. 68° E. Baro- 
 meter at midnight 30.13, temperature 49. 
 
 November 24. Stiff breeze from N.W. to W. 
 with moderate sea. Occasional long swell from the 
 southward. Mist and drizzling rain during the day. 
 At 2.12 a.m. hauled up mainsail and started fires. At 
 4.50 a.m. took in all sail, then sounded in 2584 fathoms, 
 lat. 49 04' S., long. 142 55' W. In reeling in the 
 wire parted, losing 764 fathoms and a cup. Upon 
 examination it was found that inside the wire there 
 had been a small bubble not visible from the out- 
 side, which reduced the cross-section nearly one half. 
 At 6.50 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, and banked fires. 
 At 6.02 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded 
 in 2613 fathoms, lat. 49 14' S., long. 140 33' W.; 
 yellow sand, broken shells. At 7.35 p.m. made sail, 
 
80 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 uncoupled, and banked fires. Current 0.25 knot per 
 hour, setting east. Barometer at midnight 29.92, tem- 
 perature 50 . 
 
 November 25. Fresh to strong breeze from N.W.. 
 by W., with squalls. Moderate to high sea, with occa- 
 sional heavy swell from westward. Misty and drizzling 
 rain. At 9.45 a.m. shortened and furled sail, then 
 sounded in 23S3 fathoms, lat. 49 21' S., long. 137 
 2 7' W.; yellow sand, broken shells. At 11.40 a.m. 
 made sail, uncoupled, and banked fires. At 5 p.m. the 
 wind veered to the westward, and at 10 p.m. was S.W., 
 decreasing in force to a gentle breeze. Ship rolling 
 easily but deeply, the greatest recorded roll being 30 to 
 starboard and 28 to port. Current 0.6 knot per hour, 
 setting S. 63 E. Barometer at midnight 29.62, tem- 
 perature 46 . " Killed the first of our pigs, and have but 
 two sheep remaining." 
 
 November 26. Began with gentle to fresh breeze 
 from S.W., with long swell and moderate sea from same 
 direction. At 3 a.m. spread fires. At 3.50 a.m. took in 
 all sail, then sounded in 2646 fathoms, lat. 49 27' S., 
 long. 1 34 53' W. While reeling in the wire parted, 
 losing 1446 fathoms, a specimen-cup, and a deep-sea 
 thermometer which had been attached, the only one in 
 the ship. Upon examination the wire was found to 
 have a defect in it where it parted similar to that which 
 was discovered on the 24th instant — a bubble inside the 
 wire. At 4.54 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, banked fires. 
 A bright sun all day. " A curious fact was observed to- 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 8 1 
 
 Jay. We are half-way between New Zealand and 
 Magellan Straits, and until this morning a large number 
 of albatross have followed the ship, but now not one is 
 to be seen. Two other kinds of sea-birds have taken 
 their places : one resembling a large sea-gull, the other 
 a small sea-gull with brown wings. A few petrel con- 
 tinue with us, but the most of them have disappeared. 
 Perhaps their departure is occasioned by a coming 
 storm. We have remaining on board 107 tons of coal." 
 At 6.30 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 
 2467 fathoms, lat. 49 28' S., long. 132 28' W.; gray 
 sand. At 8.10 p.m. made sail and hauled fires. In the 
 afternoon the wind backed to the westward, and at 10 
 p.m. to N.W. by W., increasing in force to a moderate 
 gale with fresh squalls and rain. Current 0.6 knot per 
 hour, setting S. 63 E. Barometer at midnight 29.62, 
 temperature 48°. 
 
 November 27. Began with cloudy, unsettled, 
 threatening weather. Stiff breeze to moderate gale, 
 with an occasional heavy squall from W.N. W. to W. by 
 N., accompanied by drizzling rain. Long following 
 and heavy sea. Ship rolling deeply ; greatest roll ob- 
 served, 30 each way. At 5.50 a.m. a heavy sea carried 
 away the port whaleboat. At 8.30 a.m. shortened sail 
 and lay to under stormsails and double-reefed main 
 top-sail. At 9.15 a.m. started fires in order to have 
 steam ready in case of necessity. Barometer 29.50 at 
 10 a.m., remained steady until 4 p.m., then rose quite 
 rapidly. At 3 p.m. the wind veered to the southward 
 
82 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 of west in a heavy squall, after which it decreased in 
 force somewhat. At 4 p.m. took in all sail, then 
 sounded, notwithstanding the gale and rough sea, in 
 2423 fathoms, lat. 49 26' S., long. 129 18' W.; gray 
 sand. After sounding lay to under stormsails, with 
 engines moving slowly. Had this cast been delayed an 
 hour it could not have been taken. From 6 p.m. until 
 midnight a gale was blowing from the S.W., with heavy 
 squalls. Heavy rough sea. Barometer rising rapidly 
 from 11 p.m. Vessel rolling deeply. Extreme recorded 
 roll 35 to port and 33 to starboard. Current 0.75 
 knot per hour, setting S. 8o° E. Barometer at mid- 
 night 29.70, temperature 47 . 
 
 November 28. The gale broke at midnight, and 
 at 1 a.m. had subsided to a fresh breeze, with squalls 
 from west by south. At 1. 10 a.m. made sail and put 
 the ship on her course, uncoupled, and let fires die 
 out. Ship rolling deeply, the greatest recorded roll 
 being 36 to starboard and 32 to port, making about 
 12 oscillations per minute. During the morning watch 
 the wind decreased to a gentle breeze with light rain- 
 squalls. Long following swell. At 11 a.m. hauled up 
 lee clew of mainsail which had been set, and started fires. 
 At 3.55 p.m. shortened and furled sail, and at 4.05 
 began swinging ship for compass deviations, but the 
 sun becoming obscured, sounded at 5.20 p.m. in 2239 
 fathoms, lat. 49 25' S., long. 127 48' W.; gray and 
 black sand, broken shells. At 6.20 p.m. made sail, un- 
 coupled, and hauled fires. From 8 to midnight the 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 83 
 
 wind backed to N.E. by N. in a gentle breeze, sky 
 became overcast, and a drizzling rain set in. Current 
 0.9 knot per hour, setting to the eastward. The baro- 
 meter, which at noon had risen to 29.83, fell by mid- 
 night to 29.62. Temperature 47 . 
 
 November 29. Began with overcast weather, wind 
 in moderate puffs from N.E. by N., veering to north- 
 ward. Barometer falling rapidly from 29.62 to 29.45 
 at 4 a.m. Swell from S.W. Moderate sea from the 
 northward. 
 
 * From 4 to 8 a.m. Weather squally, misty, and rainy, 
 wind increasing to a fresh breeze. Barometer fell to 
 29.25 by 8 a.m. At 5.30 double-reefed topsails, furled 
 mainsail and topgallant sails, stowed jib, and set main try- 
 sail. At 6.30 a.m. started fires in two boilers. Moderate 
 swell from S.W. 
 
 From 8 to meridian. Weather squally with drizzling 
 rain. Stiff to strong breeze from N.N. E. At 8.30 took 
 in foresail, foretopsail, and foretopmast staysail. Hoisted 
 smokepipe, coupled up, and lay to. At 10.15 made 
 sail and ran for an hour under steam and sail, due south, 
 to see what effect it would have on the barometer, but 
 as it continued falling rapidly I took in sail and lay to 
 under close-reefed maintopsail and stormsails. Barom- 
 eter had fallen at noon to 28.98. 
 
 From 12 to 4 p.m. Moderate to fresh breeze from 
 N.N.E., gradually shifting to N.W. by N. Made prep- 
 arations for a heavy gale. Sent down topgallant yards 
 and masts. Sent below the two howitzers which were 
 
84 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 on the topgallant forecastle ; put extra lashings on boats, 
 sails, and guns ; struck below all shot and shell which 
 were on deck ; rove life-lines, and made everything 
 ready for battening down hatches. At 4 p.m. the ship 
 was under close-reefed main topsail and stormsails. 
 Wind from N.N.W., force about 6, with moderate sea. 
 Had it not been for the rapidly falling barometer, there 
 was nothing to indicate exceptionally stormy weather. 
 Barometer at 4 p.m., 28.72. 
 
 From 4 to 6 p.m. Rainy, squally weather. Wind in 
 fresh squalls from N.W. by N. to N.W. Moderately 
 rough and increasing sea from N.W. At 4.30 p.m. furled 
 main topsail and started fires in another boiler, making 
 three in all. At 5.30 p.m. started engines ahead slowly 
 to assist in lying to. At 6 p.m. barometer had fallen 
 to 28.67. 
 
 From 6 to 8 p.m. Wind fresh and blowing a mod- 
 erate gale during squalls, unsteady in direction. Hatches 
 closely battened down. At 8 p.m. barometer had fallen 
 to 28.63 and for a few minutes remained steady, then the 
 wind came out in a fierce squall from W.S.W. with rising 
 barometer. 
 
 From 8 to midnight. Blowing a very heavy gale in 
 squalls fiom W.S.W. to S.W. by W. Rough and in- 
 creasing sea. At times the squalls were of hurricane 
 violence, dashing the spray over the ship and keeping 
 the deck flooded. It ceased raining towards the end 
 of watch and stars appeared. At midnight wind from 
 S.W. to S.W. by W., force 11. Very rough high sea. 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 85 
 
 Ship rolling deeply and uneasily. Barometer 28.97, 
 temperature 44 . 
 
 November 30. Midnight to 4 a.m. Blowing a heavy 
 gale from S.W. by W. to S.W. Very rough sea from 
 S.W. Ship rolling and pitching heavily. At a little 
 after 2 a.m. a heavy sea came over the quarter, flooding 
 cabin, wardroom, and steerage. Shipped other seas 
 occasionally during the watch. Force of wind in gusts 
 11. Barometer at 4 a.m. 29.31. 
 
 From 4 to 8 a.m. Partly clear, squally weather, 
 blowing a gale from S.W. in squalls, moderating at 8 
 a.m. Very heavy, rough, mountainous seas from S.W. 
 At 8 a.m., barometer 29.36. 
 
 From 8 to meridian. Squally weather with light 
 passing rain. Moderate to strong gale from S.W., 
 gradually moderating in force. Sea still heavy and 
 rough. At 11.35 a.m., the wind and sea having mod- 
 erated considerably, made sail to foresail, single-reefed 
 fore topsail, double-reefed main topsail, and foretopmast 
 staysail. Force of wind 7 to 9. Barometer at noon 
 29.49. Banked fires. 
 
 From 12 to 4 p.m. Stiff to strong breeze from S.W. 
 to S.S.W., moderating towards 4 p.m. Squally, unsettled 
 weather, with passing showers of rain. Rough sea with 
 heavy swell. Ship rolling deeply at times. At 12.40 
 shook reefs out of topsails. Barometer at 4 p.m., 29.55. 
 
 From 4 to 6 p.m. Fresh breeze from S.S.W., de- 
 creasing in force. Long heavy swell from S.S.W. 
 
 From 6 to 8 p.m. Partly clear and pleasant. Mod- 
 
86 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 erate breeze from S.S.W. Although the sea was very 
 rough, I decided to sound before dark in order not to 
 overrun the distance, i.e., one hundred miles from the 
 last cast. Hence at 7.37 p.m. shortened and furled sail, 
 setting the storm-mizzen, and main trysail. At 7.50 
 p.m. commenced sounding, the vessel rolling 30 to 
 starboard, 25 ° to port. 
 
 From 8 to midnight. At 9. 10 p.m. finished sound- 
 ing, having found bottom in 2253 fathoms, lat. 49 37' S., 
 long. 125 33' W. ; gray sand. The cast was a good one, 
 notwithstanding the state of the sea. Made sail to 
 single-reefed topsails, etc., put ship on her course, un- 
 coupled, banked fires, and lowered smokepipe. Barom- 
 eter at midnight 29.68. The gale of the 29th and 30th 
 was the worst one ever experienced by any of the officers 
 on board. The waves were exceedingly high, and for 
 hours seemed as if they would engulf the ship. Every 
 precaution, however, had been taken for the vessel's 
 safety. 
 
 December 1. Fresh to gentle breezes from the 
 southward. Long swell from S.S.W. Ship rolling 18 
 to starboard, 23 to port. Sent up topgallant masts and 
 light yards. Being bright and clear, the day was de- 
 voted to drying clothes and articles of all kinds which 
 had been soaked during the gale. At 3.30 p.m. short- 
 ened and furled sail, then sounded in 1964 fathoms, lat. 
 49 36' S., long. 123 oo' W.; white sand. After sound- 
 ing, the ship was swung for compass deviations. At 
 6.15 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, and hauled fires. Cur- 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 87 
 
 rent 0.8 knot per hour, setting N. 72 E. Barometer 
 at midnight 30.01, temperature 46 . 
 
 December 2. Light airs and calms in forenoon, 
 followed by gentle breeze in afternoon from N.W. 
 Long heavy swell from S.E. Pleasant weather. Cur- 
 rent 0.5 knots per hour, setting N. 51 E. Barometer 
 at midnight 30.12, temperature 48 . This day was also 
 devoted to drying and putting things to rights. 
 
 December 3. Light breeze from the N.W. during 
 the whole day. At 9.15 a.m. hauled up mainsail and 
 started fires. At 12.43 P - M - took in all sail, coupled up, 
 then sounded in 1895 fathoms, lat. 49 39' S., long. 120 
 54' W. Wire parted at 97 fathoms while reeling in, 
 caused by a defect in the wire. At 1.45 p.m. made sail, 
 uncoupled, hauled fires. Heavy sea from S.E., with 
 an occasional long swell from S.W. and also from N. W., 
 causing a peculiar state of the sea. No current ob- 
 served. Barometer at midnight 30,14. temperature 47 . 
 
 December 4. Light to moderate breeze during the 
 day from N.W., with occasional long swell from the 
 eastward. At 8 a.m. hauled up weather clew of main- 
 sail and started fires. At 11.45 took in all sail, then 
 sounded in 1690 fathoms, lat. 49 49' S., long. 118 38' 
 W. ; hard bottom. At 12.45 p.m. made sail to studding- 
 sails, uncoupled, banked fires. As there was such a 
 marked decrease in depth I decided to take another 
 cast before dark, and at 7.25 p.m. shortened and furled 
 sail, then sounded in 1562 fathoms, lat. 49 51' S., long. 
 1 1 7 36 W. ; light gray sand, broken shells. At 8.20 
 
88 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 made sail, uncoupled, and banked fires. The night was 
 dark and rainy. No current. Barometer at midnight 
 29.96, temperature 47 . 
 
 December 5. Began with moderate and fresh 
 breeze from N.W. with drizzling rain and mist. Wind 
 veered to S.W. shortly after 8 a.m., bringing clearing 
 weather, but backing to N.W. by W. in the latter part 
 of the day. Barometer falling. At 3.45 a.m. shortened 
 and furled sail, then sounded in 1583 fathoms, lat. 50 
 oo' S., long. 1 1 5 50' W. ; gray sand, broken shells. At 
 4.53 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, banked fires. At 5.55 
 p.m. took in all sail, then sounded in 1847 fathoms, lat. 
 50 05' S., long. 114° 16' W. The cup came up with 
 sleeve lifted and jammed ; the specimen of bottom 
 had washed out. At 7 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, 
 and hauled fires. Current 0.7 knot per hour, setting 
 S. 48 E. Barometer at midnight 29.78, temperature 
 
 4 8°. 
 
 December 6. Fresh to stiff breeze from northward 
 and westward during the day, with falling barometer. 
 At 340 a.m. started fires. At 6.35 a.m. took in all sail, 
 then sounded in 2162 fathoms, lat. 50 15' S., long. 112 
 oo' W. ; yellow sand, mud. At 7.55 a.m. made sail, un- 
 coupled, and let fires die out. Irregular sea from S.W. 
 to N.W. At 3.30 p.m. started fires and hauled up main- 
 sail. At 6.50 p.m. took in all sail, then sounded in 1848 
 fathoms, lat. 50 21' S., long. 109 32' W. ; gray and 
 yellow sand, broken shells. At 7.55 p.m. made sail, un- 
 coupled, and banked fires. Current 0.6 knot per hour, 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 89 
 
 setting S. 40 E. Barometer at midnight 29.48, tem- 
 perature 47 . 
 
 December 7. Stiff to fresh breeze from W.N.W. to 
 W.S.W., squally in the afternoon, wind increasing to 
 moderate gale. Misty, with occasional drizzling rain. 
 Moderate sea from northward and westward, with occa- 
 sional heavy swell from S.W. Barometer falling all 
 day. At 5.50 a.m. took in sail, then sounded in 1997 
 fathoms, lat. 50 30' S., long. 107 36' W. ; yellow sand, 
 broken shells. At 7.30 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, 
 banked fires. At 6.15 p.m. shortened and furled sail, 
 then sounded in 2197 fathoms, lat. 50 35' S., long. 105 
 51' W. ; yellow sand, broken shells. After taking this 
 cast the wind having increased to a moderate gale with 
 increasing sea, the ship was hove to under stormsails. 
 Roll of ship 2 5 to starboard and 20 to port. Current 
 0.6 knot an hour, setting S. 40 E. Barometer fell 
 during the 24 hours from 29.48 to 29.07, at midnight. 
 Temperature 45 . 
 
 December 8. Eying to in moderate gale with 
 squalls from W.S. W. At 3 a.m. the wind backed to W. 
 and until noon was irregular in force, but gradually 
 moderating. Vessel rolling deeply, the greatest recorded 
 roll being 34 to starboard and 24 to port. Long 
 swell and rough sea from the westward. At 8 a.m. 
 made sail and put vessel on her course. Stiff to fresh 
 breeze blowing all day, veering to S.S.W. At 6.30 p.m. 
 shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 2224 fathoms, 
 lat. 5Q°42 / S., long. 103 52' W. ; yellowish-brown mud, 
 
90 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 broken shells. At 7.45 p.m. made sail. Current 0.75 
 knot per hour, setting S. 50 E. Barometer fell to 
 28.94 at 8 a.m., then rose gradually, standing at midnight 
 29.05. Temperature 45 . 
 
 December 9. Blowing from fresh breeze to a gale 
 in heavy squalls from S.W. Rough, heavy sea. Ship 
 rolling at times 25 to starboard and 28 to port. The 
 wind moderated somewhat during the day, but continued 
 squally with heavy sea. Not wishing to miss a single 
 cast in the line of soundings, I had fires spread and at 
 2.45 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 2324 
 fathoms, lat. 50° 42' S., long. ioi°09 / W. ; yellow-brown 
 mud, broken shells. The cast was a very good one, in spite 
 of the heavy sea and consequent rolling and pitching while 
 engaged in taking it. At 4.02 p.m. made sail and banked 
 fires. Current 0.6 knot per hour, setting E. Barometer 
 at midnight 29.37, temperature 46 . 
 
 December 10. Stiff to fresh breeze with squalls 
 from W.S.W. Moderate sea, with heavy swell at times 
 from S.W. by W. At 7.20 a.m. spread fires. At 7.45 
 a.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 2291 
 fathoms, lat. 50 43' S., long. 98 55' W. ; yellow-brown 
 mud, broken shells. Sighted a square-rigged vessel 
 about ten miles to the southward standing to the east- 
 ward. (This, by the way, was the only vessel seen during 
 the passage from New Zealand to Magellan Straits.) 
 At 9.05 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, and banked fires. 
 Wind moderated in afternoon, with drizzling rain. At 
 7.23 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 2383 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 9 1 
 
 fathoms, lat. 50 44/ S., long. 97 20' W. At 8.40 p.m. 
 made sail, uncoupled, and let fires die out. Current 0.6 
 knot per hour, setting to the eastward. Barometer at 
 midnight 29.25, temperature 46 . 
 
 December 11. Fresh to moderate breeze from 
 W.S.W., decreasing in force. Foggy and drizzling rain. 
 Moderate sea and long following swell. At 7 a.m. 
 started fires. At 9.53 a.m. shortened and furled sail, 
 then sounded in 2540 fathoms, lat. 50 5c/ S., long. 95 
 14' W. ; brown mud, shells. Ship rolling from 20 to 
 23 . At 1 1. 10 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, and banked 
 fires. In the afternoon the wind increased to a stiff 
 breeze with squalls; drizzling rain. At 7.20 p.m. short- 
 ened and furled sail, then sounded in 271 1 fathoms, lat. 
 50 54' S., long. 93 4c/ W.; brown mud. The shot 
 would not detach, although many attempts were made 
 by reeling in a few fathoms and then letting the wire 
 run out quickly. After working nearly an hour I 
 ordered the wire to be reeled in with the shot attached 
 if it could be done. Many thought the reel would 
 not stand the pressure, but having confidence in its 
 strength I thought it worth while to make the attempt, 
 particularly as the Palos reel could be used for the 
 remaining casts should this one be crushed. As the 
 reeling engine could not do the work unaided, the crew 
 were called on to assist. By detailing four men at a 
 time to work the cranks of the reel, and relieving them 
 at every hundred turns, the whole 271 1 fathoms with 
 shot and cup were recovered without injury to the reel. 
 
92 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 So far as known no shot except this has ever been reeled 
 in from so great a depth. The bale of the shot had caught 
 on a knot in a rope yarn which was attached to the cup. 
 I think that the thick mud which had packed between 
 the cup and the hollow of the sinker also prevented 
 the shot from detaching. It took until 11.08 p.m. to 
 reel in the wire ; then sail was made, fires haulea, and 
 propeller uncoupled. Current 0.6 knot per hour, set- 
 ting S. 70° E. Barometer at midnight 29. ig, tempera- 
 ture 46 . 
 
 December 12. Fresh breeze from W.S.W. to W.N.W., 
 with moderate and at times rough sea from the west- 
 ward. At 6.50 a.m. started fires. At 9.05 a.m. short- 
 ened and furled sail, then sounded in 2677 fathoms, lat. 
 50 58' S., long. 91 33' W. ; brown mud. At 10.25 
 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, and banked fires. At 7.20 
 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded again in 
 2579 fathoms, lat. 5i°oi'S., long. 89 30' W. ; brown 
 mud. At 8.44 p.m. made sail, uncoupled, and banked 
 fires. Current 0.6 knot per hour, setting S. 70 E. 
 Barometer at midnight 29.27, temperature 48 . 
 
 December 13. Fresh breeze from N.W. by W. to 
 N.N.W., increasing in afternoon to a strong breeze with 
 squalls. Moderately rough sea. Drizzling rain and 
 mist during the day. At 7.15 a.m. shortened and furled 
 sail, then sounded in 2516 fathoms, lat. 5i°o7' S., long. 
 87 W. ; brown mud. At 8.50 a.m. made sail, banked 
 fires. At 6.40 p.m. took in all sail, then sounded in 
 2477 fathoms, lat. 51 13' S., long. 84 38' W. ; brown 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 93 
 
 mud, shells. At 8.10 p.m. made sail and banked fires. 
 Ship rolling from 18 to 27 . Long swells from west- 
 ward. Current 0.75 knot per hour, setting E. Barom- 
 eter at midnight 29.19, temperature 48 . 
 
 December 14. Fresh breeze with very fresh squalls 
 from the N.W. and drizzling rain. Long heavy 
 swell with rough sea. At 4.30 a.m. spread fires. At 
 7.05 a.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 
 2378 fathoms, lat. 51 18' S., long. 82 31' W. ; brown 
 mud and shells, At 9.10 a.m. made sail, uncoupled, 
 and banked fires. During the forenoon the sun came 
 out bright, the breeze continuing strong from the north- 
 ward and westward. Directly in our route and only 
 seventy miles from the last cast there was recorded on 
 the chart a solitary sounding which agreed very well 
 with the depth found in the morning, and, as we were 
 making about ten knots an hour, I decided to run past 
 that position and take the next cast beyond. The day 
 was spent in bending chains, preparing for port, and 
 getting ready for anchoring, as we were only 270 miles 
 from Magellan Straits. At 11.45 P - M - started fires. 
 Current 0.6 knot an hour, setting S. 64 E. Barom- 
 eter at midnight, 29.92, temperature 48 . 
 
 December 15. Fresh, squally, but increasing breeze 
 from W.N.W. Moderately heavy sea from W. to 
 N.W. At 2.35 a.m. sounded in 2162 fathoms, lat. 
 51° 57' S., long. 78 34' W. ; gray-brown mud, shells. 
 At 4 a.m. made sail and banked fires. At 8 a.m. spread 
 fires and started another boiler for steaming purposes; 
 
94 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 hoisted smokepipe. The wind moderated to a gentle 
 breeze during the day. At 9.05 a.m. commenced steam- 
 ing ahead with two boilers. At 9.50 a.m. connected on 
 the third boiler. At 11.45 A - M - shortened and furled 
 sail, then sounded in 2167 fathoms, lat. 52 io' S., long. 
 yy° 08' W. ; gray-brown mud, shells. At 12.45 P - M - 
 made sail, and continued on under steam and sail. At 
 5 p.m. shortened and furled sail, then sounded in 1200 
 fathoms, lat. 52 16' S., long. 76 02' W. ; gray sand. 
 At 5.40 p.m. made sail and continued on our course. At 
 7.15 p.m. the lookout at the masthead sighted land 
 ahead and one-half point off port bow. We had been 
 running under steam and sail, hoping to reach the Evan- 
 gelist Islands before dark. Fortunately the weather 
 was clear. The wind decreased to a gentle breeze and 
 the sea became comparatively smooth. At 9 p.m., when 
 Sugar Loaf, an island of the Evangelist group, bore 
 about north, a cast was taken in 25 fathoms. The 
 anchor was let go at once, but we had drifted into 35 
 fathoms before it brought up. Veered to 90 fathoms of 
 chain. My reason for anchoring in the broad Pacific, 
 rather than lying to to await daylight, was because our 
 exact position was known, and therefore a course could 
 be laid for the entrance to the straits, and we could run 
 with confidence even should the weather be thick. The 
 wisdom of this course was soon proved, for during the 
 night it clouded up and a rain set in with thick mist. 
 
 December 16. At 3 a.m. we were under way, 
 heading for the straits, the weather so thick we could 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 95 
 
 not see land. At 4.15 a.m. sighted Cape Pillar off star- 
 board bow, about three miles distant. Weather con- 
 tinued very thick, giving us only occasional glimpses of 
 land. At 5.25 a.m. the Spanish Launches bore abeam, 
 and at 6 a.m. Westminster Hall was abeam. At 8 a.m. 
 it cleared off, and during the remainder of the day the 
 weather was clear, with a bright sun. Steamed until 
 6.55 p.m., when we anchored in Fortesque Bay. It 
 rained again during the night. 
 
 December 17. Underway at 5 a.m., and reached 
 Sandy Point (Punta Arenas) at 1.30 p.m., where we 
 found at anchor the French man-of-war Reine Blanche, 
 bearing the flag of Rear Admiral Franquet. Had re- 
 maining on boaid 40^ tons of coal. Draught of ship, 
 14 feet forward, 16 feet 3 inches aft. 
 
 Of the fifty-seven casts taken in the line just com- 
 pleted, forty-four were between 2 and 3^ statute miles, 
 as follows : 
 
 Between 2 and 2\ miles 10 
 
 Between 2\ and 3 miles 21 
 
 Between 3 and 3^ miles 13 
 
 At Sandy Point sixteen tons of coal were taken on 
 board, to insure enough for emergencies. Exchanged 
 visits with the governor of the place, and on the 10th of 
 December left for Montevideo, where we arrived on the 
 1 st January, 1886, having swung ship and had target- 
 practice en route. 
 
g6 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 The distance from Wellington, New Zealand, to 
 Montevideo, following the course of the Enterprise, was 
 6110 miles. Only 140 tons of coal were consumed in 
 making this distance, as follows : 
 
 Expended for steaming purposes 63 tons 
 
 Expended for deep-sea soundings 36 " 
 
 Expended for distilling water 26 " 
 
 Expended for swinging ship for compass de- 
 viations 3 " 
 
 Expended for galley (cooking) 12 " 
 
 Total 140 tons 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 HOMEWARD BOUND (CONTINUED). 
 
 DISCOVER AN EXTENSIVE BANK. CONNECT WITH LINE OF 
 
 SOUNDINGS TAKEN IN 1 883 BY THE ENTERPRISE ON 
 OUTWARD VOYAGE, AND THUS COMPLETE THE CIRCUM- 
 NAVIGATION OF THE GLOBE. BARBADOS. ST. THOMAS. 
 
 NEW YORK. ENTERPRISE GOES OUT OF COMMISSION. 
 
 At the beginning of the year 1886 the terms of enlist- 
 ment of more than eighty of the crew had expired, and 
 every week added to the number. As the law entitles 
 each enlisted man to one fourth more pay while de- 
 tained abroad after the expiration of his enlistment, it 
 was necessary to hasten our departure, if for no other 
 reason than that of economy. We therefore remained 
 at Montevideo only long enough to give the crew a well- 
 earned recreation on shore and to prepare the ship for 
 sea. 
 
 On the 9th of January, having laid in an extra supply 
 of coal, provisions, and sinkers, the Enterprise left 
 Montevideo and steamed slowly down the river. 
 
 By noon of the 1 ith the 100-fathom curve was passed 1 , 
 beyond which in the immediate vicinity there were no 
 soundings noted on the chart. Here a cast was taken 
 
98 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 in 761 fathoms, lat. 35 06' S., long. 52 05' W., in a 
 bottom of green mud. The weather during the night 
 had been peculiar. Wild-looking black clouds piled 
 up in the northwest, vivid lightnings flashed, and distant 
 thunder rolled continually. The wind also shifted sud- 
 denly from N.E. to N.W. Naturally we expected a 
 tempest and made preparation accordingly, but it did not 
 reach the ship, though for hours the weather maintained 
 a threatening attitude. 
 
 In order to avoid the track made by the Challenger 
 some years before, the Enterprise was headed well to the 
 northward towards Nelson Shoal, on which the chart 
 showed 19 fathoms. At 7 p.m. we took the second cast 
 for the day in 11 26 fathoms, lat. 34 49' S., long. 51 
 23' W., the character of the bottom having changed to 
 dark mud. 
 
 On the 1 2th, soon after daylight, we sounded in 1633 
 fathoms, lat. 34 30' S., long. 50 47' W. — dark mud ; 
 and again at 3.40 p.m. in 1589 fathoms, lat. 34 04' S., 
 long. 49 49' W., but no specimen of the bottom was re- 
 covered, as the cup failed to close tightly. 
 
 On the 13th, at daylight, we sounded in 1775 fathoms, 
 lat. 33 45' S., long. 48 48' W. — dark mud ; and at 5 p.m. 
 in 1859 fathoms, lat. 33 18' S., long. 47 53' W. — gray 
 mud, broken shells; a marked change in the character of 
 the bottom. The wind had now freshened to a strong 
 breeze from the northward and eastward, but as I 
 wished to sound on Nelson Bank, we continued under 
 steam, making slow progress. 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 99 
 
 On the morning of the 14th a cast was taken in 1976 
 fathoms, lat. 32 58' S., long. 47 22' W. — dark mud ; and 
 at 4.30 p.m. we sounded over Nelson Shoal,* finding 2088 
 fathoms, lat. 32 $$' S., long. 46 48' W. — dark mud. 
 This certainly was no shoal, and yet from our experience 
 a few days later it is possible that one may exist some- 
 where in the neighborhood. After taking this cast, I 
 kept the fore-and-aft sails full on port tack, making 
 nearly an E. by N. course, steaming as before under two 
 boilers. 
 
 On the 15th, just after daylight, we swung ship for 
 compass deviations, and then sounded in 2192 fathoms, 
 lat. 32 24' S., long. 45 32' W. — dark mud ; and again 
 in the afternoon in 2132 fathoms, lat. 32 14' S., long. 
 44 14' W. — brown mud. 
 
 On the 1 6th sounded at 5 a.m. in 2145 fathoms, lat. 
 31 57' S., long. 43 16' W. ; brown mud. From this 
 point, the wind being about N.N.E., I changed course 
 and ran to the eastward in order to connect with the line 
 of soundings which the Enterprise made on her outward 
 voyage in 1883. A good cast was taken in the after- 
 noon in 2036 fathoms, lat. 31 43' S., long. 41 ° 55' W.; 
 light brown mud. 
 
 On the 17th, after daylight, sounded in 1999 fathoms, 
 lat. 31 40' S., long. 40 28' W.; brown mud. The wind 
 becoming more favorable, stopped steaming and put the 
 ship under sail, continuing the same course. At 7 p.m. 
 
 * The shoal has had several positions given to it, but the latitude and 
 longitude of this cast represents about the average of the positions assigned. 
 
IOO DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 another cast was taken in 2334 fathoms, lat. 31 35' S., 
 long. 39 08' W., in a bottom of brown mud. 
 
 On the 18th, in the morning, sounded in 1949 
 fathoms, lat. 31 29' S., long. 38 05' W. Character of 
 bottom, sand — a great change in depth and character of 
 specimen. Took another cast in the afternoon in 1469 
 fathoms, lat. 31 22' S., long. 36 39' W., the cup bring- 
 ing up a specimen of yellow and white sand and shells. 
 Still shoaling with sandy bottom. 
 
 On the 19th, at 5 a.m., sounded in 547 fathoms, lat. 
 31 13' S,, long. 35 42' W., the character of bottom 
 being the same as before, viz., yellow and white sand and 
 shells. The small depth revealed by this cast was a gen- 
 uine surprise, as we had no particular reason to expect a 
 bank in this neighborhood, its position being about 600 
 miles S.E. fS. true from Cape Frio. We now took 
 casts for some time at distances of five miles, finding 
 depths of 467, 471, 444, 481, 400, and 847 fathoms, 
 the latter cast being taken at noon in lat. 3i°07' S., 
 long. 35 03' W. As this depth was so much greater 
 than the previous one, I judged we had passed over the 
 shoalest part of the bank; and wishing to give the crew 
 time for target-practice with small arms, we sailed slowly 
 along with a light breeze and did not sound again until 
 3.30 p.m., when acast was taken .in 1095 fathoms. This 
 increased depth strengthened my belief that the shoalest 
 part of the bank had been crossed ; but thinking it well 
 to take one more cast before dark, I gave directions to 
 sound at sundown, when a depth of only 378 fathoms 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. IOI 
 
 was found, lat. 3i°02' S., long. 34 27' W. This was 
 again a surprise and to most of the officers and crew a 
 disappointment, as they were anxious to reach the 
 United States. Frequent casts were now taken in order 
 to develop the shoal. Casts were taken at 7.30 p.m. in 
 390 fathoms, at 8.50 in 426 fathoms, and at 10 p.m. in 
 495 fathoms. General character of bottom, coarse yel- 
 low and white sand and shells, with occasional black 
 specks. 
 
 On the 20th, at 1 a.m. sounded in 584 fathoms, at 
 5 a.m. in 956 fathoms, and at noon in 1827 fathoms. 
 The character of the bottom had changed but little ex- 
 cept in the quality of the sand, which had become much 
 finer. This last cast was taken in lat. 30 39' S., long. 
 32 43' W. We sounded again at 5 p.m. in 21 13 
 fathoms, lat. 30 32' S., long. 31 50' W.; hard bottom. 
 The cup brought up no specimen. 
 
 On the 21st sounded at 5 a.m. in 1834 fathoms, lat. 
 30 21' S., long. 30 40' W., fine white sand and shells. 
 Finding such a decided difference in depth with water 
 shoaling, I had another cast taken at 4 p.m. in 1296 
 fathoms ; fine white sand and shells. There was a 
 fresh light breeze wafting us along on our course 
 at the rate of seven knots an hour, and I knew that 
 this frequent stopping to sound under the circum- 
 stances was very trying to every one on board ; still, as 
 the water was shoaling, I had another cast taken at 
 10.30 p.m. in 1766 fathoms, lat. 29 54' S., long. 29 oo' 
 W. We were indeed glad to find the water deepening, 
 
102 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 and as this cast was only 85 miles west of one of 2509 
 fathoms taken by the Enterprise on her way out in 
 1883, and about 100 miles S.W. of another cast of 2288 
 fathoms, we could properly consider the line between 
 Montevideo and Cape Town, or across the South 
 Atlantic, completed. On the 22d, at 2 p.m., we 
 sounded in 2539 fathoms, lat. 28 52' S., long. 28 1 i' W.; 
 brown mud and shells. While taking this cast a re- 
 markably strong undercurrent was found setting to the 
 westward. It was very decided in character and I 
 deeply regretted that there were no deep-sea thermom- 
 eters on board with which to determine its temperature. 
 A course was now shaped to cut our former line half-way 
 between two of the soundings therein. 
 
 On the 23d, at 10 a.m., we crossed the track of the 
 Enterprise on her outward voyage, thus completing the 
 circumnavigation of the globe. Sail was immediately 
 shortened and furled, and a cast taken in 2851 fathoms, 
 lat. 2 7 54' S., long. 27 32' W.; dark brown mud — the 
 position being just midway between former casts of 
 3147 fathoms, lat. 26 56' S., long. 27°44' 40" W., and 
 2288 fathoms, lat. 28 49' 47" S., long. 27 31' 27" W., 
 and about 60 miles from each. The depth agreed ex- 
 cellently well with what we might expect. The same 
 strong westerly undercurrent previously mentioned 
 was again noticed. We swung ship for compass devia- 
 tions in the afternoon about 200 miles north of where 
 we swung on the outward voyage. The wind becoming 
 very light, at sundown the vessel was put under steam. 
 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 103 
 
 On the morning of the 24th, a light breeze from the west- 
 ward having sprung up, fires were hauled and sail made. 
 
 On the 25th sounded in 3002 fathoms, lat. 24 14' S., 
 long. 27 20' W.; dark brown mud. This cast was about 
 60 miles from one of 2994 fathoms taken on the way 
 out and about 90 miles from another of 3020 fathoms, 
 showing a remarkably level floor. The breeze died out 
 during the night, and there was a calm during the whole 
 of the following day. 
 
 On the night of the 26th steam was raised, and on 
 the 27th two casts were taken : one in 2995 fathoms, lat. 
 22 56' S., long. 27 22' W. ; and the other in 2865 
 fathoms, lat. 21 43' S., long. 27 19' W. 
 
 At 9.30 a.m. of the 28th sounded in 2727 fathoms, lat. 
 2<D°24' S., long. 2 7°4o' W. — stiff brown mud, after which, a 
 light breeze having sprung up, fires were hauled, and sail 
 made to royals. Scarcely had this been done when the 
 breeze died out completelv, and for twenty hours I 
 think there was the deadest calm I ever experienced. 
 
 On the 29th we still had 3000 miles to make to reach 
 Barbados, with only 58 tons of coal in the bunkers. 
 I had steam raised again In the afternoon, hoping that a 
 short run would bring us into the trades. The night of 
 the 29th was perfect for steaming. The sea was glassy, 
 the sky cloudless ; Venus shone with remarkable brill- 
 iancy, and as the vessel steamed through the water 
 causing small undulations to spread over its surface, I 
 counted eight distinct reflections of this star at the same 
 instant. 
 
104 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 For several days light breezes and variable airs from 
 N.E. to N. wafted us on our course, although we were 
 well within the belt of the S.E. trades. 
 
 Casts were taken daily, sails being clewed up, with 
 topsail yards mastheaded. When the wire had been 
 reeled in to 2000 fathoms topsails were sheeted home, 
 care being taken to keep the speed of the ship down to 
 four knots ; when the cup was within 1000 fathoms of 
 the surface all sail was made. Steam was raised as usual 
 for each cast. 
 
 On February 3d we were 200 miles to the eastward 
 of the outward-bound track, but from this time on light 
 breezes headed us off, so that on the 7th of February 
 our track was again crossed, when a cast was immediately 
 taken in 2878 fathoms (between two of our former 
 casts) in lat. 8° 26 S., long. 31 31' W.; yellow-brown 
 mud. 
 
 Our course took us about 140 miles to the eastward 
 of Pernambuco and Cape St. Roque and about 20 miles 
 to the eastward of "The Rocas." 
 
 The breeze continued very light, the ship sometimes 
 not making more than half a knot an hour ; still, as the 
 current was favorable and the vessel had steerage way, I 
 did not care to use steam except for sounding. 
 
 On the 1 2th our last cast was taken in the South 
 Atlantic, and during the night the equator was crossed. 
 
 On the 13th we were in the doldrums, experiencing 
 rainy squally weather, with little or no wind. 
 
 We got up steam at 2 a.m., and on the 14th started 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. 105 
 
 ahead and were soon in clear weather, so that we were 
 able to swing ship in the morning for compass deviations. 
 At 1 a.m. the N.E. trades set in as we supposed, 
 when the engines were stopped and sail made, but a dead 
 calm soon followed and at night there was a deluge of 
 rain. 
 
 On the 15th a light breeze again sprung up from the 
 N.E., accompanied by rain-squalls which were particu- 
 larly heavy at night. We did not neglect, however, to 
 take a cast each day. Rainy disagreeable weather 
 continued until the 20th when the wind freshened to a 
 stiff breeze. At noon on the 2 2d a salute of twenty-one 
 guns was fired in honor of the day. This is a day of rest 
 on shore, but at sea the sailor has no holiday ; he makes 
 and shortens sail or shovels coal into furnaces, as occa- 
 sion may require. 
 
 We were running a line where few soundings had 
 ever before been taken, and it would not do to neglect 
 our opportunities. Two casts were therefore taken this 
 day, one in 2593 fathoms, the other in 2728 fathoms. 
 
 On the 23d two more casts were taken, in 2997 and 
 2714 fathoms ; on the 24th, in 2673 and 2560 fath- 
 oms ; and on the 25th, in 2425 and 2421 fathoms. 
 
 The character of the bottom in each case was ooze. 
 
 On the 26th we were so near Barbados that I added 
 steam to sail to insure reaching the anchorage by night. 
 At 2 p.m. we sighted land ahead. At 6 p.m. we took 
 the last cast in this line in 1204 fathoms, lat. 12 $&' 
 N., long. 58 14' W. ; ooze, sand, and shells. At 7 P.M. 
 
106 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 anchored off Bridgetown, having about five tons of coal 
 remaining in the bunkers. 
 
 We had steamed and sailed from Montevideo 5031 
 miles and had taken 72 casts, of which 49 were between 
 2 and 3! miles in depth. Of these 14 were between 2 
 and 2\ statute miles in depth, 16 between 2\ and 3 
 miles, and 19 between 3 and 3^ miles in depth. 
 
 On the following morning, the 27th, the Enterprise 
 steamed into the inner harbor, saluted the port with 
 twenty-one guns, and also the broad pennant of Com- 
 modore FitzRoy, commander-in-chief of the British 
 flying squadron, consisting of the Active (flag-ship), 
 Calypso, Volage, and Rover. H. M. S. Bellerophon, 
 Captain Fitzgerald, was also in port. I was delighted 
 to find in command of the Volage my old acquaintance 
 Captain Johnstone, whom I last met in command of 
 H. M. S. Dryad at Tamatave, Madagascar, in 1883. 
 
 As soon as possible the ship was coaled, and on the 
 2d of March we were under way for St. Thomas, where 
 we arrived on the night of the 4th. We sailed on the 
 following day for the United States, after having taken 
 on board a few tons of coal. 
 
 On the 6th of March, when in lat. 19 53' N., long, 
 65 45' W., we sounded in 4529 fathoms, a depth of 
 more than five statute miles, bringing up a good speci- 
 men of bottom, consisting of brown ooze. We began 
 this cast at 5.55 a.m., reached bottom at 7, and finished 
 at 8.25 a.m. This cast was forty-two miles from the 
 position of the deepest cast ever taken in the Atlantic, 
 
HOMEWARD BOUND. IO7 
 
 and only 32 fathoms less than that in depth. The cast 
 referred to being taken by Lieutenant-Commander W. 
 H. Brownson, U. S. N., when in command of the Coast 
 Survey Steamer Blake. In the afternoon we sounded 
 again in 2990 fathoms, lat. 21 00' N., long. 66° 14/ W. ; 
 brown mud. 
 
 On the 7th we sounded at 5.30 a.m. in 3079 fathoms, 
 lat. 22 06' N., long. 66° 44/ W. — light brown mud; and 
 again at 5.30 p.m. in 3101 fathoms, lat. 23 07' N., long. 
 67 08' W., finding the same kind of bottom. 
 
 On the 8th, at 5.30 a.m., a oast was taken in 3133. 
 fathoms, lat. 24 23' N., long. 67 58' W. — light brown 
 mud ; and in the afternoon in 3006 fathoms, lat. 
 25 22' N., long. 68° 41' W., in the same bottom, light 
 brown mud. 
 
 On the 9th, at 5.30 a.m., sounded in 2880 fathoms. 
 In reeling in the wire parted, losing 1400 fathoms and 
 a specimen-cup. Again in the afternoon we sounded 
 in 3004 fathoms, lat. 27 36' N., long. 70 14' W.; 
 brown mud. 
 
 On the 10th there was a stiff breeze with squalls and 
 falling barometer, giving evidence of a coming gale. 
 Sail was therefore furled and our last cast taken in 2956 
 fathoms, lat. 29 36' N., long. 71 ° 33' W., the character 
 of the bottom being brown mud as before. There was 
 general rejoicing when this last sinker was expended. 
 By the time the cast was finished the gale had freshened 
 causing a rough sea. We therefore lay to until daylight 
 of the morning of the 12th, when the vessel proceeded 
 
108 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 on her course under steam. On the 13th bad weather 
 was again encountered, and once more the ship was 
 hove to under stormsails. During the afternoon of 
 the 14th, the wind having rapidly decreased in force, 
 we continued on our course. 
 
 On the night of the 16th, while steaming in a dense 
 fog off the capes of the Chesapeake, a large steamer sud- 
 denly appeared close aboard, apparently running at full 
 speed and without blowing her whistle, although our 
 own was being sounded according to regulations. Our 
 engines were backed as soon as the steamer was seen 
 off our starboard bow, which enabled her to clear us by 
 about a ship's length. This incident is mentioned as an 
 example of reckless running in fogs on the part of some 
 of the ocean greyhounds. 
 
 On the 17th we reached the anchorage in New 
 York harbor, and on the 24th, after discharging our 
 ammunition at Ellis Island, we proceeded to the New 
 York Navy Yard. 
 
 On the 31st of March, 1886, the Enterprise was put 
 out of commission. 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 IO9 
 
 In the following pages is given a tabular summary 
 of the casts taken throughout the cruise. An expla- 
 nation of the symbols employed is appended for the 
 information of those not familiar with them. 
 
 SYMBOLS FOR STATE OF SEA. 
 
 B — Broken or irregular sea. 
 
 C — Chopping, short or cross sea. 
 
 G — Ground swell. 
 
 H — Heavy sea. 
 
 L — Long rolling sea. 
 
 M — Moderate sea or swell. 
 R — Rough sea. 
 S — Smooth Sea. 
 T — Tide-rips. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS OF BOTTOMS 
 
 M. 
 
 for Mud. 
 
 bk. 
 
 for black. 
 
 hrd. 
 
 for hard. 
 
 S. 
 
 " Sand. 
 
 wh. 
 
 '• white. 
 
 sft. 
 
 " soft. 
 
 G. 
 
 " Gravel. 
 
 yi. 
 
 " yellow. 
 
 fne. 
 
 " fine. 
 
 Sh. 
 
 " Shells. 
 
 gy- 
 
 " gray. 
 
 crs 
 
 ' ' coarse. 
 
 P. 
 
 " Pebbles. 
 
 bu. 
 
 " blue. 
 
 brk. 
 
 ' broken, 
 
 Sp. 
 
 " Specks. 
 
 dk. 
 
 " dark. 
 
 stk. 
 
 " sticky. 
 
 c. 
 
 " Clay. 
 
 gn. 
 
 " green. 
 
 rky. 
 
 " rocky. 
 
 St. 
 
 " Stones. 
 
 br. 
 
 " brown. 
 
 
 
 R. 
 
 " Rock. 
 
 rd. 
 
 " red. 
 
 
 
 Co. 
 
 ' ' Coral. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 La. 
 
 ' ' Lava. 
 
 
 
 
 
 WEATHER SYMBOLS. 
 
 b — Clear blue sky. 
 
 c — Cloudy weather. 
 
 d — Drizzling or light rain. 
 
 f- — Fog or foggy weather. 
 
 ^-—Gloomy or dark, stormy-looking 
 
 weather. 
 A— Hail. 
 / — Lightning. 
 m — Misty weather. 
 o — Overcast. 
 p — Passing showers of rain. 
 
 q — Squally weather. 
 
 r — Rainy weather or continuous rain. 
 
 j — Snow, snowy weather, or snow fall- 
 ing. 
 
 t — Thunder. 
 
 u — Ugly appearances or threatening- 
 weather. 
 
 v — Visibility of distant objects. 
 
 w — Wet or heavy dew. 
 
 z — Hazy. 
 
no 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 Between the United States and Porta Praya — via Porto Grande, 
 
 1) 
 
 Date. 
 
 Position. 
 
 ■3 
 
 Q 
 
 Character of Bottom. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 rt g 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long. 
 
 6 a 
 
 V O 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 1883. 
 Jan. 16 
 
 / // 
 35 35 00 N. 
 
 48 22 OO W. 
 
 2854 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Jan. 19 
 
 31 1247 
 
 42 34 48 
 
 2166 
 
 gy. ooze, S., minute 
 shells 
 
 S.W. by W. 
 
 4-5 
 
 3 
 
 Jan. 27 
 
 27 37 57 
 
 33 56 45 
 
 2698 
 
 gy. ooze, S. , minute 
 shells 
 
 S.E. by E. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Jan. 28 
 
 26 47 00 
 
 31 58 00 
 
 3093 
 
 rd. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 Feb. 8 
 
 16 35 00 
 
 24 52 00 
 
 1471 
 
 rd. S., Sh. 
 
 E. by N. 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 Feb. 9 
 
 14 57 00 
 
 23 51 00 
 
 1061 
 
 no specimen 
 
 E. by N. 
 
 3-4 
 
 Between Porta Praya, Cape De Verde 
 
 7 
 
 Feb. 
 
 11 
 
 12 10 00 N. 
 
 23 45 18 W. 
 
 2742 
 
 no specimen 
 
 N.E. 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 Feb. 
 
 12 
 
 9 28 00 
 
 24 08 24 
 
 2668 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 N.E. by E. 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 Feb. 
 
 13 
 
 7 16 22 
 
 24 23 59 
 
 2509 
 
 gy. ooze, S. , Sh. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 Feb. 
 
 M 
 
 5 2725 
 
 24 33 18 
 
 2307 
 
 no specimen 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 Feb. 
 
 15 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 iS 
 
 3 29 47 
 55 25 
 
 06 08 S. 
 
 1 33 00 
 
 24 46 34 
 
 25 04 38 
 
 26 35 27 
 
 27 43 45 
 
 2339 
 2213 
 1919 
 2627 
 
 dk. gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 no specimen 
 
 N.E. 
 S. by E. 
 S.S.E. 
 S. by E. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2-3 
 2-3 
 
 15 
 
 Feb. 
 
 20 
 
 4 06 00 
 
 29 04 22 
 
 2803 
 
 br. m., Sh. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 Feb. 
 
 21 
 
 5 28 00 
 
 30 14 22 
 
 2801 
 
 no specimen 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 Feb. 
 
 24 
 
 10 25 00 
 
 32 19 36 
 
 2S98 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 4 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 Ill 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 Cape De Verde Islands. Casts taken by Lieut. G. A. Norris, U.S.N. 
 
 State 
 
 of 
 
 Weather. 
 
 State 
 
 of 
 Sea. 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 <3 
 
 
 
 c n 
 
 5 
 ■Si 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 Paying 
 Out. 
 
 Reeling 
 In. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 p. c. q. 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 R. 
 S. 
 
 S. 
 
 M. 
 
 S. 
 
 65 
 
 6S 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 7i 
 70 
 
 66 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 7i 
 71 
 
 36 
 
 36i 
 36 
 
 36 
 37 
 39 
 
 h. m. s. 
 O 49 12 
 
 39 05 
 
 31 45 
 
 1 32 30 
 16 50 
 10 00 
 
 h. m. s. 
 4 OO 00 
 
 40 55 
 i 57 00 
 
 49 00 
 
 20 00 
 
 wire 
 broke 
 
 Wire jumped off when sounding. Con- 
 necting hook of belt broke several 
 times. Manila belt tried, but it 
 stretched too much. Repaired leather 
 belt by discarding hook and serving 
 ends together — worked well. 
 
 Ship got stern to wind — backing engines. 
 In reeling in the flange opposite the 
 V-groove carried away about 18 inches. 
 
 In reeling in the belt parted. Made a 
 new one. Detained about one half- 
 hour by this accident. 
 
 Some of the splices showed signs of giv- 
 ing out. 
 
 Apparently an undercurrent setting to 
 the southward and westward. 
 
 The attendant guiding the wire care- 
 lessly let the wire catch under the belt ; 
 wire parted, losing cup, thermometer, 
 and 703 fathoms wire. 
 
 Islands, and Cape Town, South Africa. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. z. 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 0. c. 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 
 I II 30 
 
 M. 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 
 34 45 
 
 M. 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 
 O 29 32 
 
 S. 
 
 Si 
 
 Si 
 
 
 O 29 04 
 
 s. 
 s. 
 s. 
 s. 
 
 82 
 Si 
 So 
 So 
 
 Si 
 
 S2 
 
 79 
 79 
 
 
 O2435 
 O 25 14 
 O 21 05 
 O 32 OO 
 
 s. 
 
 Si 
 
 So 
 
 
 32 55 
 
 s. 
 
 S2 
 
 So 
 
 
 33 00 
 
 s. 
 
 S2 
 
 S2 
 
 
 39 39 
 
 o 40 30 
 
 034 50 
 
 o 30 15 
 
 wire 
 broke 
 o 33 00 
 o 2905 
 o 22 40 
 wire 
 broke 
 
 o 42 50 
 wire 
 broke 
 
 Wire broke when 450 fathoms had been 
 paid out, losing thermometer, cup, 
 and 50 fathoms wire. Caused by kink 
 which had been turned in while reelinsr 
 up new wire yesterday, and which had 
 escaped notice. Bent on new grommrt 
 and distant line and took the cast. In 
 reeling in ihe composition part of the 
 specimen-cup became unscrewed and 
 was lost. 
 
 The flexible steam-pipe showed signs of 
 weakness ; covered it with canvas and 
 served it over. 
 
 The specimen was gray ooze, composed 
 of minute shells of different colors and 
 shapes — evidently alive. Looks like a 
 mess of fish-spawn with a peculiar smell 
 like clams. Different from anything 
 before brought up. 
 
 Wire broke at a splice. The flexible steam- 
 pipe burst and another was htted. 
 
 This specimen entirely different from the 
 last. 
 
 Wire broken when a few turns were taken. 
 Lost 2600 fathoms wire and specimen- 
 cup. 
 
 Evidently strong current. Ship kept over 
 wire with difficulty. 
 
 In reeling in the belt parted, causing the 
 wire to jump off the reel. Parted, los- 
 ing 2687 fathoms and specimen-cup 
 O 44 40;Tried a new belt of rattling stuff which 
 worked well. Specimen-cup was made 
 on board out of materials found in the 
 ship. 
 
112 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 
 Between Porta Praya, Cape De Verde 
 
 
 Date. 
 
 Position. 
 
 _I5 J3 
 
 Character of Bottom. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 — .0 
 
 .2 E 
 
 
 
 , - 
 
 
 
 $1 
 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long. 
 
 2561 
 2492 
 
 
 V 
 
 5 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 fa 
 
 18 
 19 
 
 18S3 
 Feb. 26 
 Feb. 27 
 
 1 it 
 
 14 27 40 
 
 15 27 30 
 
 33 46 45 W. 
 33 57 19 
 
 br. ooze, Sh. 
 yl. br. ooze 
 
 S.E. byS. 
 East 
 
 2-3. 
 3. 
 
 20 
 
 Feb. 28 
 
 16 30 OO 
 
 33 46 00 
 
 2498 
 
 yl. br. ooze 
 
 East 
 
 J 
 
 21 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 Mar. 1 
 Mar. 2 
 Mar. 3 
 
 17 42 IO 
 
 19 06 27 
 
 20 II 43 
 
 33 26 26 
 32 40 00 
 31 54 18 
 
 2498 
 
 2319 
 2475 
 
 yl. br. ooze 
 
 br. M. 
 
 yl. br. M., stk. 
 
 E. by N. 
 
 East 
 
 N.E. byE. 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 24 
 25 
 
 Mar 5 
 Mar. 6 
 
 22 24 53 
 
 23 46 20 
 
 29 54 27 
 28 54 20 
 
 2892 
 3020 
 
 br. ooze 
 yl. br. ooze 
 
 E.N.E. 
 E.N.E. 
 
 4. 
 
 3. 
 
 26 
 
 Mar. 7 
 
 24 54 00 
 
 28 18 16 
 
 2999 
 
 dk. br. M., stk. 
 
 E. by S. 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 Mar. 8 
 Mar. 9 
 
 25 53 18 
 
 26 56 08 
 
 28 09 39 
 27 44 40 
 
 2908 
 
 3147 
 
 dk. br. M., stk. 
 dk. br. M., stk. 
 
 E. by S. 
 East 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 29 
 30 
 
 Mar. 10 
 Mar. ri 
 
 28 49 47 
 
 29 52 57 
 
 27 30 27 
 27 23 04 
 
 2288 
 2509 
 
 hard bottom 
 It. br. M., Sh. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 E. by S. 
 
 3-4 
 
 31 
 
 Mar. 12 
 
 30 22 18 
 
 26 12 54 
 
 2537 
 
 yl. hard M., dk. Sp. 
 
 N.E. byE. 
 
 1-2 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 
 Mar. 13 
 Mar. 14 
 Mar. 14 
 Mar. 15 
 
 30 42 16 
 
 31 01 36 
 31 08 28 
 31 23 40 
 
 24 24 26 
 22 46 15 
 21 57 30 
 19 43 16 
 
 2530 
 25 1 1 
 2372 
 2351 
 
 hrd. It. br. M., Sh. 
 hrd. It. br. M., Sh. 
 
 It. br. M. 
 It. br. M. 
 
 N. by W. 
 
 North 
 N. by E. 
 
 North 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4-5 
 5-6 
 
 36 
 
 Mar. 18 
 
 30 35 02 
 
 12 49 03 
 
 1700 
 
 It. br. M. 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 3 
 
 37 
 
 Mar. 19 
 
 31 12 16 
 
 12 38 53 
 
 1364 
 
 bk. M., scoria 
 
 E. by S. 
 
 3-4 
 
 38 
 39 
 40 
 
 Mar. 19 
 Mar. 20 
 Mar. 20 
 
 31 15 16 
 3i 38 42 
 3i 37 29 
 
 12 19 32 
 12 05 28 
 11 29 22 
 
 1507 
 1864 
 1919 
 
 hrd. bk. M. 
 vvh. ooze, Sh. 
 hard bottom 
 
 East 
 E. bv N. 
 E.N.E. 
 
 3-4 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 41 
 42 
 43 
 
 Mar. 21 
 Mar. 22 
 Mar. 22 
 
 31 57 20 
 
 32 03 48 
 32 11 31 
 
 9 43 26 
 7 09 22 
 603 58 
 
 2050 
 2314 
 2308 
 
 hard bottom 
 hard bottom 
 wh. ooze, s., sh. 
 
 N.W. 
 S.E. by S. 
 S.E. by E. 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 44 
 45 
 
 Mar. 23 
 Mar. 23 
 
 32 19 00 
 32 26 00 S. 
 
 4 23 34 
 3 23 32 
 
 2008 
 
 2353 
 
 hrd. wh. S. 
 vvh. S. and Sh. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 S. by W. 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 46 
 47 
 
 Mar. 24 
 Mar. 2_| 
 
 32 24 00 
 32 30 00 
 
 1 32 52 
 27 46 
 
 2343 
 1255 
 
 vvh. S. and Sh. 
 vvh. S. 
 
 S. by W 
 S.E. by E. 
 
 4 
 3 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 113 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 
 Islands, and Cape Town, South Africa. 
 
 
 
 State 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 Staie 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 at 
 
 of 
 
 
 U 
 
 a 
 
 Paying 
 Out. 
 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Weather. 
 
 Sea. 
 
 u! 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 Reeling 
 In. 
 
 
 
 
 
 < 
 
 CO 
 
 Da 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 79 
 
 32 
 
 
 O 31 05 
 
 39 35 
 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 79 
 
 Si 
 
 
 02945 
 
 04245 
 
 Sails clewed up but not furled. Ship f el T. 
 off and got before the wind. Backed 
 engines to keep over the wire. SmaU 
 specimen recovered, as the cup at- 
 tached to the rod became unscrewed' 
 while being reeled in. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 
 029 38 
 
 47 45 
 
 The "reeling in" engine gave some 
 trouble. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 79 
 
 Si 
 
 
 O 29 07 
 
 44 25 
 
 Small specimen recovered. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 80 
 
 S2 
 
 
 O 23 50 
 
 O 31 40 
 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 
 O 26 05 
 
 32 OO 
 
 The specimen-cup came up with sleeve 
 up. Specimen small. As the cup was 
 a new one and had not been thoroughly 
 cleaned, a few iron filings were found 
 mixed with specimen. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 
 O 32 44 
 
 048 35 
 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 s. 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 
 O 36 24 
 
 57 00 
 
 Old belt slipped considerably, as it was 
 saturated with oil. Cup made by Black- 
 smith Knight — improvement. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 s. 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 
 O 32 05 
 
 49 00 
 
 Tried a new bell of 21-thread stuffs 
 Worked well. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 p. q. 
 
 s. 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 
 33 33 
 
 44 10 
 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 s. 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 
 33 45 
 
 043 15 
 
 The reel shows signs of distress for the- 
 first time since the flange was repaired. 
 The after part of the face has com- 
 menced to cave in. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 M. 
 
 73 
 
 79 
 
 
 25 00 
 
 27 04 
 
 Shot did not detach until a second trial. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 M. 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 
 26 24 
 
 38 24 
 
 Drum of reel continues to show signs of 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 32 
 
 81 
 
 
 27 22 
 
 36 38 
 
 caving in. 
 The only specimen was a piece of half- 
 formed rock, yellowish inside and black 
 outside. Dark specks on bottom of cup. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 79 
 
 So 
 
 
 26 33 
 
 34 27 
 
 
 P- 
 
 q. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 
 28 58 
 
 37 01 
 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 M. 
 
 7S 
 
 73 
 
 
 24 17 
 
 26 37 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 p. q. 
 
 R. 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 
 26 04 
 
 02945 
 
 Rolling deeply at times. No specimen 
 except that brought up on the arming. 
 
 0. 
 
 c. 
 
 L. 
 
 69 
 
 75 
 
 
 21 39 
 
 22 14 
 
 Rolling deeply at times. No specimen 
 brought up except on arming. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 M. 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 
 15 27 
 
 14 17 
 
 Very small specimen. Particles of scoria 
 on end of cup, and black mud. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 L. 
 
 71 
 
 76 
 
 
 16 32 
 
 16 55 
 
 Very hard bottom. Very small specimen 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 
 19 39 
 
 21 49 
 
 The reel is continually weakening. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 
 20 08 
 
 23 51 
 
 This cast is right over "Grant's Break- 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 
 20 38 
 
 25 00 
 
 ers. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 6S 
 
 7i 
 
 
 26 31 
 
 27 08 
 
 
 0. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 
 23 53 
 
 31 40 
 
 A new cup made by Ch. Engr. McEwan,, 
 particularly adapted for hard bottom.. 
 Modified Belknap No. 2. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 70 
 
 7i 
 
 
 18 52 
 
 26 05 
 
 Reel continues to weaken. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 
 24 17 
 
 39 00 
 
 The specimen-cup was new, and some of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the iron filings got mixed with the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 specimen. On one of the splices flesh 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and skin of a fish adhered. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 M. 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 
 25 00 
 
 26 20 
 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 S. 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 
 11 33 
 
 13 05 
 
 
114 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 
 Between Porta Praya, Cape De Verde 
 
 l> 
 
 Date. 
 
 Position. 
 
 .si 
 
 J3fi 
 
 Character of Bottom. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long. 
 
 
 
 
 a> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 fc 
 
 
 1883. 
 
 / // 
 
 1 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 Mar. 24 
 
 32 33 20 s. 
 
 00 20 E. 
 
 979 
 
 vvh. S. 
 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 3 
 
 49 
 
 Mar. 25 
 
 32 41 54 
 
 41 04 
 
 2492 
 
 It. br. ooze 
 
 
 S.E. by E. 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 Mar. 25 
 
 32 48 25 
 
 1 47 34 
 
 731 
 
 wh. Co., S. 
 
 and Sh. 
 
 E. by N. 
 
 2 
 
 5i 
 
 Mar. 25 
 
 32 49 25 
 
 1 59 28 
 
 1203 
 
 wh. Co., S. 
 
 and Sh. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 2 
 
 52 
 
 Mar. 25 
 
 32 50 54 
 
 2 19 09 
 
 1724 
 
 vvh. Co., S. 
 
 and Sh. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 2 
 
 53 
 
 Mar. 26 
 
 33 14 45 
 
 4 29 18 
 
 2765 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 
 N. by E. 
 
 3 
 
 54 
 
 Mar. 26 
 
 33 24 33 
 
 5 52 57 
 
 2938 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 4 
 
 35 
 
 Mar. 27 
 
 33 48 46 
 
 8 29 02 
 
 2855 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 
 North 
 
 3 
 
 56 
 
 Mar. 27 
 
 33 56 39 
 
 9 52 24 
 
 2773 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 
 North 
 
 3 
 
 57 
 
 Mar. 28 
 
 34 00 00 
 
 12 17 38 
 
 2596 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 1 
 
 58 
 
 Mar. 29 
 
 34 04 00 
 
 15 49 XI 
 
 2231 
 
 It. br. ooze 
 
 
 S. by E. 
 
 5-7 
 
 59 
 
 Mar. 31 
 
 34 10 00 
 
 18 11 00 
 
 no 
 
 S. with bk. 
 
 Sp. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 4 
 
 Mozambique Channel and 
 
 60 
 
 June 1 
 
 29 46 00 S. 
 
 31 58 48 E. 
 
 824 
 
 bu. M., S. and Sh. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 1 
 
 -,61 
 
 June 2 
 
 29 44 30 
 
 33 26 00 
 
 1.325 
 
 It. br. M.,S. and Sh. 
 
 N. by E. 
 
 6 
 
 62 
 
 June 3 
 
 29 51 10 
 
 35 46 45 
 
 1107 
 
 gy. S. and Sh. 
 
 E. by N. 
 
 1 
 
 '■■■63 
 
 June 4 
 
 28 52 25 
 
 38 17 30 
 
 2607 
 
 no specimen 
 
 'S.W. by S. 
 
 4 
 
 "64 
 
 June 6 
 
 24 49 47 
 
 42 52 45 
 
 1985 
 
 It. br. ooze 
 
 West 
 
 4-5 
 
 •65 
 
 June 7 
 
 23 51 10 
 
 43 31 42 
 
 935 
 
 It. br. ooze 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 3 
 
 •■66 
 
 fune 8 
 
 23 33 42 
 
 43 40 45 
 
 337 
 
 dk. br. M. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 3 
 
 '67 
 
 June -8 
 
 23 32 42 
 
 43 41 06 
 
 520 
 
 dk. br. M. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 3 
 
 > 68 
 
 June 8 
 
 ■23 32 36 
 
 43 42 12 
 
 339 
 
 dk. br. M. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 2 
 
 • 6q 
 
 June 15 
 
 23 20 15 
 
 43 35 00 
 
 569 
 
 br. M. 
 
 W. by S. 
 
 2 
 
 770 
 
 [une 16 
 
 22 07 00 
 
 42 59 30 
 
 587 
 
 yl. br. M. and S. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 4 
 
 77 1 
 
 [une 17 
 
 20 22 30 
 
 43 45 30 
 
 872 
 
 yl. br. M. and S. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 1 
 
 774 
 
 June 24 
 
 15 32 00 
 
 44 10 45 
 
 1445 
 
 It. br. M. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 
 
 773 
 
 July 25 
 
 6 ii5 00 
 
 40 21 09 
 
 876 
 
 gy. ooze 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 3 
 
 •74 
 
 July 25 
 
 6<og 31 
 
 41 14 00 
 
 1352 
 
 gy. ooze 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 3 
 
 75 
 
 July 26 
 
 5.-3000 
 
 42 08 30 
 
 1 791 
 
 gy. ooze, S. 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 4 
 
 76 
 
 July 26 
 
 5 am .13 
 
 42 41 15 
 
 2007 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 3-4 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 115 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 Islands, and Cape Town, South Africa. 
 
 State 
 
 of 
 
 Weather. 
 
 State 
 
 of 
 Sea. 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 < 
 
 V 
 
 X 
 
 3 
 t/2 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 03 
 
 Paying- 
 Out. 
 
 Reeling 
 In. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 0. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. 
 
 b. c. d. q. 
 
 foggy 
 
 S. 
 S. 
 S. 
 S. 
 S. 
 S. 
 S. 
 
 L. 
 L. 
 L. 
 
 R. 
 
 S. 
 
 65 
 65 
 67 
 67 
 67 
 6S 
 68 
 
 67 
 
 6S 
 69 
 
 66 
 
 57 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 70 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 69 
 69 
 
 67 
 67 
 69 
 
 07 
 
 
 h. m. s 
 08 OO 
 025 15 
 005 40 
 OO9 39 
 16 OO 
 
 31 30 
 32 08 
 
 034 50 
 
 32 10 
 
 28 28 
 
 27 05 
 
 h. m. s. 
 OOS 55 
 O 31 40 
 O 06 25 
 O II 30 
 O 18 20 
 O 38 03 
 39 IO 
 
 O 35 10 
 032 35 
 33 27 
 
 35 00 
 
 Good specimen. 
 
 Remarkable decrease in depth. 
 
 The reel is in a very bad condition. 
 
 The grommet on end of wire brought up 
 two worms, one 26 inches long and one 
 igi inches. They were alive, and ex- 
 cept their heads they looked like earth- 
 worms. 
 
 Very small specimen. 
 
 Brought up a good specimen. 
 
 Long swell from the westward. Blowing 
 very fresh, with rough sea. 
 
 In reeling in the wire caught on the bot- 
 tom of ship and took off a small piece 
 of copper, but did not break. 
 
 Coast of Madagascar. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 
 07 OO 
 
 10 40 
 
 Since last cast a new reel has been made 
 by Ch. Eng. McEwan, which works 
 well, and the position of sounding ap- 
 paratus changed from starboard gang- 
 
 b. q. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 way to starboard end of bridge. 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 
 15 39 
 
 O 16 30 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 
 1045 
 
 13 IO 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 7,2 
 
 74 
 
 
 33 32 
 
 wire 
 broke 
 
 Shot would not detach. After working at 
 it a half-hour tried to reel in by hand, 
 but the wire parted after reeling in 
 about 200 turns. Lost 2377 fathoms of 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 
 25 08 
 
 27 35 
 
 wire. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 
 09 07 
 
 10 15 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In San Augustine Bay. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 .4 (I l( 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 It I. « «l 
 
 b. 
 
 S. 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 
 05 08 
 
 005 40 
 
 > 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 7i 
 
 76 
 
 
 004 52 
 
 05 12 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 7S 
 
 77 
 
 
 11 32 
 
 12 28 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 
 Took this cast without steam. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 
 06 24 
 
 12 00 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 36 
 
 13 43 
 
 13 15 
 
 Thermometer remained on bottoms m ' n - 
 20 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 7» 
 
 78 
 
 34-5 
 
 20 08 
 
 18 05 
 
 Sails clewed up. Commenced to make 
 sail with 1200 fathoms out. Thermom- 
 eter on bottom 3 min. 17 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 34 
 
 O 21 25 
 
 25 OO 
 
 Sails clewed up but not furled. Time on 
 bottom 6 min. 40 sec. 
 
IK 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 
 Mozambique Channel and 
 
 u 
 
 Date. 
 
 Position. 
 
 ■H 
 
 Character of Bottom. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 .2 a 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 <S>'Z< 
 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long, 
 
 Q 
 2227 
 
 
 V 
 
 - 
 
 1883 
 77|July 27 
 
 1 11 
 428 33 S. 
 
 43 41 15 E. 
 
 It. br. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 4 
 
 78 July 27 
 
 4 00 56 
 
 44 23 00 
 
 2342 
 
 br. M., stk. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 3 
 
 79 
 
 July 28 
 
 3 43 49 
 
 45 11 15 
 
 2472 
 
 bu. M. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 3 
 
 80 
 81 
 82 
 
 July 29 
 July 30 
 July 31 
 
 3 38 13 
 301 33 
 3 02 22 
 
 46 53 15 
 48 20 15 
 50 44 06 
 
 2582 
 2626 
 2713 
 
 br. M. 
 bu. br. M. 
 no specimen 
 
 S. by E. 
 
 S.E. 
 S. by E. 
 
 2-3 
 
 3 
 4-5 
 
 83 
 84 
 
 July 31 
 Aug. 1 
 
 3 20 37 
 3 43o6 
 
 5145 47 
 53 11 5i 
 
 2682 
 2199 
 
 dk. br. M. 
 
 gy. ooze, S. and Sh. 
 
 S.E. by E. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 3-4 
 4 
 
 Seychelle Islands to 
 
 85 
 
 Aug. 5 
 
 4 23 46 S. 
 
 56 18 00 E. 
 
 682 
 
 gy. ooze, S. and Sh. 
 
 S. by E. 
 
 4 
 
 86 
 
 Aug. 6 
 
 4 03 26 
 
 57 55 30 
 
 2160 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S. by E. 
 
 4-5 
 
 87 
 
 Aug. 7 
 
 3 0849 
 
 60 08 15 
 
 2006 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 4 
 
 88 
 
 Aug. 7 
 
 258 54 
 
 60 57 03 
 
 2302 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 4 
 
 89 
 
 Aug. 8 
 
 2 35 17 
 
 61 40 15 
 
 2495 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 2 
 
 90 
 
 Aug. 9 
 
 2 0447 
 
 62 15 35 
 
 2501 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S. by E. 
 
 1-2 
 
 9 1 
 
 Aug. 10 
 
 1 33 5i 
 
 63 n 30 
 
 2364 
 
 It. br. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. bv E. 
 
 3 
 
 92 
 
 Aug. n 
 
 1 11 49 
 
 64 20 09 
 
 2559 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 S. 
 
 O-I 
 
 93 
 
 Aug. 12 
 
 043 10 
 
 66 05 42 
 
 2212 
 
 It. br. ooze 
 
 S. by E. 
 
 1 
 
 94 
 
 Aug. 13 
 
 13 59 
 
 67 40 33 
 
 1812 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 West 
 
 4-5 
 
 95 
 
 Aug. 14 
 
 01 04 
 
 68 55 16 
 
 2019 
 
 gy. ooze, S. , Sh. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 5-6 
 
 96 
 
 Aug. 14 
 
 009 35 N. 
 
 69 41 06 
 
 2322 
 
 It. br. ooze 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 4-5 
 
 97 
 
 Aug. 15 
 
 14 20 
 
 70 44 45 
 
 2305 
 
 gy. ooze, S. and Sh. 
 
 West 
 
 3-4 
 
 98 
 
 Aug. 16 
 
 04 29 
 
 72 30 42 
 
 1977 
 
 gy. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 3 
 
 99 
 
 Aug. 16 
 
 003 52 
 
 73 00 00 
 
 1243 
 
 dk. gy., S., and Sh. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 
 Aug. 16 
 
 03 52 
 
 73 17 18 
 
 1027 
 
 gy. s. 
 
 S. 
 
 1 
 
 IOI 
 
 Aug. 16 
 
 003 52 
 
 73 44 3° 
 
 1329 
 
 gy- s. 
 
 s.w. 
 
 O-I 
 
 102 
 
 Aug. 17 
 
 21 49 
 
 74 46 30 
 
 2217 
 
 no specimen 
 
 W. by S. 
 
 2 
 
 103 
 
 Aug. 18 
 
 26 52 
 
 76 34 45 
 
 2472 
 
 br. m., Sh. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 3 
 
 104 
 
 Aug. 19 
 
 18 28 
 
 78 33 48 
 
 257S 
 
 dk. br. M. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 3-5 
 
 105 
 
 Aug. 20 
 
 12 09 
 
 80 29 55 
 
 2609 
 
 dk. br. M. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 3-4 
 
 106 
 
 Aug. 21 
 
 14 07 
 
 S2 36 27 
 
 2472 
 
 dk. br. M. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 2-3 
 
 107 
 
 Aug. 21 
 
 18 19 
 
 S3 25 30 
 
 2436 
 
 br. M. 
 
 W. by S. 
 
 3 
 
 108 
 
 Aug. 22 
 
 033 19 
 
 84 58 00 
 
 2435 
 
 It. br. M. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 2-3 
 
 109 
 
 Aug. 23 
 
 39 30 
 
 86 53 15 
 
 2425 
 
 br. M. 
 
 S. 
 
 3 
 
 no 
 
 Aug. 24 
 
 33 22 
 
 88 18 00 
 
 2394 
 
 It. br. M. 
 
 S.W. by S. 
 
 3 
 
DEEP SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 117 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 Coast of Madagascar. 
 
 State 
 
 State 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Weather. 
 
 Sea. 
 
 
 g 
 
 
 
 Paying 
 
 Reeling 
 
 
 
 
 •■ 
 
 
 
 
 Out. 
 
 In. 
 
 
 
 
 < 
 
 en 
 
 PQ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 77 
 
 7S 
 
 34 
 
 023 55 
 
 O 25 05 
 
 Sails clewed up but not furled. Time on 
 bottom, 5 min. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 34 
 
 O 23 50 
 
 O 26 45 
 
 Sails clewed up but not furled. Time on 
 bottom, 5 min. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 34 
 
 O 30 29 
 
 O 30 09 
 
 Sails clewed up but not furled. Time on 
 bottom, 5 mm. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 34-5 
 
 O 31 23 
 
 O 31 30 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 34-25 
 
 032 35 
 
 O 29 28 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 32 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 H. 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 
 32 38 
 
 wire 
 broke 
 
 Rolling heavily at times. In reeling in 
 wire parted near a splice. Lost 1998 
 fathoms, with cup and thermometer. 
 
 b. c. p. 
 
 M. 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 34-75 
 
 3401 
 
 37 05 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 35 sec. 
 
 b. c. p. 
 
 M. 
 
 78 
 
 75 
 
 34-5o 
 
 25 15 
 
 025 30 
 
 " " " 5 min. 45 sec. 
 
 Straits of Sunda. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 L. 
 
 78 79 
 
 40.5 
 
 005 51 
 
 06 52 
 
 Time on bottom, 6 min. 52 sec. 
 
 b. c. q. 
 
 L. 
 
 78 8l 
 
 34-25 
 
 25 15 
 
 31 25 
 
 " " " 5 min. 30 sec. 
 
 b. c. q. 
 
 L. 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 34 5 
 
 20 32 
 
 21 12 
 
 Rolling heavily. Time on bottom, 5 min. 
 
 15 sec. 
 Rolling considerably. Wire caught, but 
 
 b. c. q. 
 
 L. 
 
 79 
 
 S2 
 
 34-75 
 
 39 45 
 
 26 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 was cleared. Time on bottom, 4 min. 
 
 0. c. 
 
 L. 
 
 So 
 
 S 4 
 
 34 
 
 29 00 
 
 30 30 
 
 Some difficulty in keeping ship over wire. 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 83 
 
 S4 
 
 34 
 
 028 25 
 
 31 45 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 S2 
 
 S3 
 
 34-25 
 
 29 25 
 
 30 00 
 
 " " " 5 min. 5 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 L. 
 
 83 
 
 S4 
 
 34-25 
 
 26 21 
 
 36 00 
 
 " " " 6 min. 30 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 8l 
 
 S3 
 
 34-250 25 41 
 
 27 20 
 
 " " " 5 min. 2s sec. 
 
 b. c. q. p. 
 
 M. 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 35 17 40 
 
 18 00 
 
 " " " 5 min. 15 sec. 
 
 b. c. q. p. 
 
 M. 
 
 75 
 
 S2 
 
 34-5 22 00 
 
 23 15 
 
 " " " 5 min. 5 sec. 
 
 0. 
 
 M. 
 
 80 
 
 S2 
 
 34-5 ,028 31 
 
 28 25 
 
 " " " 5 min. 4 sec. 
 
 0. e. d. 
 
 M. 
 
 79 
 
 S2 
 
 34-75 26 27 
 
 29 55 
 
 " " " 8 min. 45 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 81 
 
 S2 
 
 20 00 
 
 24 00 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 34.750 12 07 
 
 11 08 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 4 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 S3 
 
 S3 
 
 36.500 12 30 
 
 10 17 
 
 " " " 5 min. 20 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 S3 
 
 S3 
 
 36 013 57 
 
 12 25 
 
 " " " 5 min. 
 
 0. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 Si 
 
 S3 
 
 
 24 30 
 
 wire 
 
 When reeled in within 50 fathoms the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 broke 
 
 wire parted with a jerk. A shark which 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 was swimming about the ship is sup- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 posed to have snapped at the cup. Lost 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29 fathoms, cup, and thermometer. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 So 
 
 S2 
 
 34.5 27 12 
 
 35 05 
 
 Time on bottom, 11 min. 5 sec. 
 
 0. c. q. p. 
 
 s. 
 
 Si 
 
 S3 
 
 34.5 028 35 
 
 1 01 35 
 
 " " " 6 min. 
 
 0. q. r. 
 
 M. 
 
 77 
 
 S2 
 
 34-5 033 25 
 
 36 35 
 
 " " " 6 min. 40 sec. 
 
 0. c. 
 
 G. 
 
 Si 
 
 S2 
 
 34.75026 57 
 
 29 50 
 
 " " " 5 min. 6 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 G. 
 
 Si 
 
 82 
 
 34.5 02849 
 
 28 03 
 
 " " " 5 min. 1 sec. 
 
 0. c. q. r. 
 
 G. 
 
 S2 
 
 S3 
 
 34.5 28 48 
 
 33 25 
 
 Did not detach until second trial. Time 
 on bottom, 20 min. 15 sec. 
 
 0. c. 
 
 G. 
 
 82 
 
 S3 
 
 34.25 28 20 
 
 30 27 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 1 sec. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 G. 
 
 S2 
 
 S3 
 
 34.1 27 24 
 
 29 27 
 
 " " " s mm. 6 sec. Rolling 
 heavily at times. 
 
n8 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 
 Seychelle Islands to- 
 
 u 
 
 Date. 
 
 Position. 
 
 a S 
 
 
 Wind. 
 
 
 
 
 ' A & Character of Bottom. 
 
 &<3 
 
 
 
 in? 
 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long. 
 
 Si2 
 
 
 V 
 
 .h'3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Q 
 
 
 Q 
 
 ta 
 
 i 1883 
 
 / // 
 
 / // 
 
 
 
 
 
 m|Aug. 25 
 
 04 30 S. 
 
 90 16 15 E. 
 
 2231 
 
 gy. ooze, S,, Sh. 
 
 S.S.W. 
 
 3 
 
 112 Aug. 26 
 
 11 00 
 
 91 15 00 
 
 2426 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 4 
 
 U3|Aug. 27 
 
 18 00 
 
 92 19 00 
 
 2437 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 S.W. 
 
 0-1 
 
 114 
 
 Aug. 27 
 
 23 56 
 
 93 l6 43 
 
 2453 br. ooze 
 
 calm 
 
 
 
 "5 
 
 Aug. 28 
 
 37 26 
 
 94 23 00 
 
 2442 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 1 
 
 116 
 
 Aug. 28 
 
 1 03 23 
 
 95 02 40 
 
 2-1 6q 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 1 
 
 117 
 
 Aug. 29 
 
 1 55 24 
 
 95 56 27 
 
 2681 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 E. by N. 
 
 1 
 
 118 
 
 Aug. 29 
 
 2 26 42 
 
 96 47 09 
 
 2518 
 
 br. ooze, bk. Sp. 
 
 East 
 
 1-2 
 
 119 
 
 Aug. 30 
 
 2 50 24 
 
 97 51 09 
 
 2.355 
 
 br. ooze, bk. Sp. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 1 
 
 120 
 
 Aug. 31 
 
 3 47 52 
 
 99 09 57 
 
 2083 
 
 br. M. 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 1-2 
 
 121 
 
 Aug. 31 
 
 4 14 29 
 
 99 5o 29 
 
 3097 
 
 bu. br. M. 
 
 S. by E. 
 
 2-3 
 
 122 
 
 Sept. 1 
 
 4 45 3i 
 
 1005039 
 
 1593 
 
 It. br. ooze, S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 3 
 
 123 
 
 Sept. 1 
 
 5 11 54 
 
 101 39 53 
 
 627 
 
 gv. S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 3-4 
 
 124 
 
 Sept. 2 
 
 5 42 18 
 
 102 29 46 
 
 203 
 
 gy. S., Sh. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 2-3 
 
 125 
 
 Sept. 2 
 
 5 44 29 
 
 102 52 49 
 
 720 
 
 bu. C., Sh. 
 
 E. 
 
 2-3 
 
 126 
 
 Sept. 2 
 
 5 46 02 
 
 103 29 29 
 
 1087 
 
 bu. C., gy. S., andSh. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 1 
 
 127 
 
 Sept. 2 
 
 5 5i 12 
 
 103 35 40 
 
 1207 
 
 gy. S., bk. Sp. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 3-4 
 
 128 
 
 Sept. 3 
 
 6 05 36 
 
 104 15 24 
 
 522 
 
 crs. gy. S. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 2 
 
 129 
 
 Sept. 3 
 
 608 54 
 
 104 27 12 
 
 227 
 
 crs. gy. S., with sco- 
 ria and pumice 
 
 S.E. 
 
 1-2 
 
 130 
 
 Sept. 3 
 
 6 11 30 
 
 104 26 30 
 
 200 
 
 crs. gy. S., with sco- 
 ria and pumice 
 
 S.E. 
 
 2 
 
 Indian Ocean. 
 
 131 
 
 1 88 S 
 Aug. 24 
 
 19 08 S. 
 
 105 20 E. 
 
 3066 no 
 
 specimen 
 
 S.E. by S. 
 
 3 
 
 132 
 
 133 
 134 
 
 Aug. 27 
 Aug. 31 
 Sept. 8 
 
 23 01 
 29 20 
 
 35 26 
 
 101 20 
 
 10155 
 118 37 
 
 3iS2|no 
 
 2586 no 
 1128 S. 
 
 specimen 
 specimen 
 
 S. bv E. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 S.E. 
 
 1-2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 South Pacific Ocean. From Wellington, New Zealand, to^ 
 
 135 
 
 Nov. 6 
 
 41 41 S. 
 
 17500 
 
 637 
 
 no specimen 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 5-7 
 
 136 
 
 Nov. 7 
 
 42 27 
 
 175 34 
 
 1 192 
 
 gy. ooze 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 2 
 
 137 
 
 Nov. 9 
 
 42 07 
 
 178 19 
 
 1320 
 
 gy. ooze 
 
 N.E. bv N. 
 
 4-5 
 
 138 
 
 Nov. 9 
 
 43 37 
 
 17937 W. 
 
 224 
 
 sft. bo. M., bk. Sp. 
 
 North 
 
 4-5 
 
 139 
 
 Nov. 9 
 
 ■43 53 
 
 179 11 
 
 160 
 
 gy. S.bk. Sp. Sh., La. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 4 
 
 140 
 
 Nov. 9 
 
 44 08 
 
 178 57 
 
 184 
 
 gy. S. bk.Sp. Sh., La. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 1-2 
 
 141 
 
 Nov. 10 
 
 44 41 
 
 17S53 
 
 75i 
 
 gy.S. bk. Sp. bu. M. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 3 
 
 142 
 
 Nov. 10 
 
 45 02 
 
 17S 21 
 
 996 
 
 gy. M., S. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 4-5 
 
 143 
 
 Nov. 10 
 
 45 11 
 
 177 53 
 
 1 38 1 
 
 gy. M., S. 
 
 N. bv E. 
 
 4-5 
 
 144 
 
 Nov. 11 
 
 45 45 
 
 17637 
 
 2180 
 
 gy. M., s. 
 
 N. by E. 
 
 4-5 
 
 145 
 
 Nov. 11 
 
 46 19 
 
 174 34 
 
 2237 
 
 gy. M. 
 
 N. by W. 
 
 4-5 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 119 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 
 Straits of Sunda. 
 
 State 
 
 State 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of 
 Weather. 
 
 of 
 Sea. 
 
 < 
 
 5 
 
 C/3 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 cq 
 
 Paying 
 Out. 
 
 Reeling 
 In. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 h. m. s. 
 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 33 
 
 84 
 
 34-25 
 
 O 24 30 
 
 O 26 06 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 30 sec. 
 clewed up but not furled. 
 
 Sails. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 G. 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 34 
 
 O 25 40 
 
 29 10 
 
 Time on bottom, 22 min. 30 sec. 
 culty in making shot detach. 
 
 Dim- 
 
 b. c.» 
 
 S. 
 
 82 
 
 «3 
 
 34-5 
 
 25 52 
 
 O 28 30 
 
 Time on bottom, 14 min. 29 sec. 
 culty in making shot detach. 
 
 Diffi- 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 8 4 
 
 8b 
 
 34 
 
 O 27 IO 
 
 O 25 18 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 
 
 
 b. c. p. 
 
 s. 
 
 S 4 
 
 S4 
 
 34 
 
 O 25 40 
 
 025 45 
 
 " " " 6 min. 7 sec. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 s 4 
 
 86 
 
 34 
 
 O 26 50 
 
 O 24 15 
 
 " " " s min. 5 sec. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 82 
 
 S3 
 
 34-25 
 
 O 29 OO 
 
 02747 
 
 " " " 5 min. 8 sec. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 34-25 
 
 025 35 
 
 22 35 
 
 " " " 5 min. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 «5 
 
 S3 
 
 34 
 
 O 23 50 
 
 24 40 
 
 " " " 5 min. 20 sec. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 82 
 
 S4 
 
 34 
 
 O 27 50 
 
 29 20 
 
 " " " 5 min. 40 sec. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 «3 
 
 S4 
 
 33-5 
 
 34 38 
 
 038 15 
 
 " " " 5 min. 20 sec. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 35 
 
 O 15 14 
 
 15 00 
 
 " " " 8 min. 25 sec. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 S3 
 
 S4 
 
 42 
 
 05 12 
 
 004 57 
 
 " " " 5 min. 
 
 
 b. 0. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 81 
 
 S3 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 81 
 
 S4 
 
 40.5 
 
 O 06 02 
 
 04 50 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 5 sec. 
 
 
 0. c. 1. p. q. 
 
 s. 
 
 77 
 
 84 
 
 36.5 
 
 O 14 40 
 
 09 01 
 
 " " " 5 min. 
 
 
 0. r. 1. t. 
 
 s. 
 
 81 
 
 S3 
 
 
 13 14 
 
 10 00 
 
 
 
 0. r. 1. t. 
 
 s. 
 
 75 
 
 S3 
 
 44 
 
 04 ou 
 
 003 55 
 
 Time on bottom, 5 min. 5 sec. 
 
 
 0. r. 1. t. 
 
 M. 
 
 75 
 
 S3 
 
 
 
 
 Very heavy rains. 
 
 
 0. r. 1. t. 
 
 M. 
 
 75 
 
 82 
 
 
 
 
 Very heavy rains. 
 
 
 Off Australia. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 70 
 
 74 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 L. 
 
 65 
 
 6q 
 
 
 
 
 G. 
 
 65 
 
 65 
 
 
 Pw* 
 
 
 L. 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 Old wire that had been on reel two years. 
 
 While reeling in the wire parted. 
 Wire parted. Old wire. 
 Wire parted. 
 
 Magellan Straits. Casts taken by Lieut. Adolph Marix, U.S.N. 
 
 b. c. q. 
 
 M. R. 
 
 61 
 
 53 
 
 
 10 
 
 05 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. C. 
 
 58 
 
 53 
 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. C. 
 
 61 
 
 57 
 
 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 b. c. z. 
 
 M. C. 
 
 58 
 
 54 
 
 
 02 
 
 03 
 
 b. c. z. 
 
 M. 
 
 59 
 
 55 
 
 
 02 
 
 02 
 
 b. c. z. 
 
 M. 
 
 59 
 
 55 
 
 
 003 
 
 02 
 
 0. c. f. 
 
 L. 
 
 53 
 
 52 
 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 0. c. f. 
 
 L. M. 
 
 54 
 
 5i 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0. c. f. w. 
 
 L. M. 
 
 54 
 
 5i 
 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 54 
 
 50 
 
 
 28 
 
 34 
 
 0. c. f. d. 
 
 M. 
 
 55 
 
 51 
 
 
 29 
 
 27 
 
 Wire fouled bottom in reeling in and 
 parted at 438 fathoms. Cup lost. 
 
 Used ordinary 25-lb. coasting lead. 
 
120 
 
 DEEr-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 South Pacific Ocean. From Wellington, New Zealand, to 
 
 
 Date. 
 
 . Position. 
 
 ." 
 
 ■a 2 
 
 Character of Bottom. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 — X> 
 
 .3 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 wl 
 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long. 
 
 Q 
 
 
 V 
 
 u 
 
 
 fa 
 
 
 i88 S 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 146 
 
 Nov. 12 
 
 46 36 S. 
 
 172 34 W. 
 
 2782 
 
 dk. gy. M. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 5-6 
 
 147 
 
 Nov. -12 
 
 46 50 
 
 170 34 
 
 3002 
 
 no specimen 
 
 N.W. by N. 
 
 3-4 
 
 148 
 
 Nov. 13 
 
 4708 
 
 168 00 
 
 2972 
 
 gy. and br. M. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 2 
 
 I4Q 
 
 Nov. 14 
 
 46 52 
 
 166 46 
 
 2881 
 
 br. M. 
 
 S.E. by'S. 
 
 5 
 
 150 
 
 Nov. 15 
 
 47 22 
 
 164 34 
 
 2793 
 
 br. M., G. 
 
 North 
 
 5-6 
 
 151 
 
 Nov. 16 
 
 47 54 
 
 162 22 
 
 2750 
 
 br. M. 
 
 South 
 
 4 
 
 152 
 
 Nov. 17 
 
 48 16 
 
 160 17 
 
 2533 
 
 br. M., St., Sh. 
 
 W. by N. 
 
 0-2 
 
 153 
 
 Nov. 18 
 
 48 23 
 
 159 05 
 
 2796 
 
 br. M. 
 
 W. by S. 
 
 2 
 
 154 
 
 Nov. 19 
 
 4851 
 
 15643 
 
 2789 
 
 br. M., bk. Sp. 
 
 N. by W. 
 
 6-7 
 
 155 
 
 Nov. 20 
 
 48 57 
 
 154 21 
 
 2 509 
 
 br. M., bk. Sh. 
 
 West 
 
 1-2 
 
 156 
 
 Nov. 21 
 
 4909 
 
 152 02 
 
 2650 
 
 yl. M., brk. Sh. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 5 
 
 157 
 
 Nov. 21 
 
 49 06 
 
 150 OO 
 
 2915 
 
 no specimen 
 
 West 
 
 4-6 
 
 158 
 
 Nov. 22 
 
 4904 
 
 147 27 
 
 2506 
 
 yl. S., brk. Sh. 
 
 S.W. by S. 
 
 3-4 
 
 159 
 
 Nov. 23 
 
 4902 
 
 145 II 
 
 2522 
 
 yl. Sand 
 
 S.W. bv S. 
 
 2 
 
 160 
 
 Nov. 24 
 
 49 °4 
 
 142 55 
 
 2584 
 
 no specimen 
 
 N.W. 
 
 5 
 
 161 
 
 Nov. 24 
 
 49 14 
 
 14033 
 
 2613 
 
 yl. S., brk. Sh. 
 
 W. bv N. 
 
 5 
 
 162 
 
 Nov. 25 
 
 49 21 
 
 137 27 
 
 2383 
 
 yl. S., brk. Sh. 
 
 N.W. by W. 
 
 6 
 
 J 63 
 
 Nov. 26 
 
 49 27 
 
 134 53 
 
 2646 
 
 no specimen 
 
 S.W. 
 
 3-5 
 
 164 
 
 Nov. 26 
 
 49 28 
 
 132 28 
 
 2467 
 
 gy- s. 
 
 West 
 
 5 
 
 165 
 
 Nov. 27 
 
 49 26 
 
 129 18 
 
 2423 
 
 gy- s. 
 
 W. by S. 
 
 6-8 
 
 166 
 
 Nov. 28 
 
 49 25 
 
 127 48 
 
 2239 
 
 gy. &bk. S., brk. Sh. 
 
 North 
 
 2 
 
 167 
 
 Nov. 30 
 
 49 37 
 
 125 33 
 
 2253 
 
 gy- s. 
 
 S.S.W. 
 
 4-5 
 
 168 
 
 Dec. 1 
 
 49 36 
 
 123 00 
 
 1964 
 
 wh. S. 
 
 S.S.E. 
 
 3-4 
 
 169 
 
 Dec. 3 
 
 49 39 
 
 120 54 
 
 1895 
 
 no specimen 
 
 W. by N. 
 
 2 
 
 170 
 
 Dec. 4 
 
 49 49 
 
 118 38 
 
 1690 
 
 hard 
 
 N.W. 
 
 3-4 
 
 171 
 
 Dec. 4 
 
 49 51 
 
 117 36 
 
 1562 
 
 It. gy. S., brk. Sh. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 4-5 
 
 172 
 
 Dec. 5 
 
 5000 
 
 115 50 
 
 1583 
 
 gy. S., brk. Sh. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 4-5 
 
 173 
 
 Dec. 5 
 
 5005 
 
 114 16 
 
 1S47 
 
 no specimen 
 
 W. by N. 
 
 3 
 
 174 
 
 Dec. 6 
 
 50 15 
 
 112 00 
 
 2162 
 
 yl. S., M. 
 
 N.W. by W. 
 
 5-6 
 
 175 
 
 Dec. 6 
 
 50 21 
 
 109 32 
 
 1848 
 
 gv. &yl. S.,brk. Sh. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 5-6 
 
 176 
 
 Dec. 7 
 
 5030 
 
 107 36 
 
 1997 
 
 yl. S., brk. Sh. 
 
 N.W. by N. 
 
 4-5 
 
 177 
 
 Dec. 7 
 
 50 35 
 
 105 5i 
 
 2197 
 
 yl. S., brk. Sh. 
 
 N.W. by W. 
 
 5-6 
 
 178 
 
 Dec. 8 
 
 5042 
 
 103 52 
 
 2224 
 
 yl. br. M., brk. Sh. 
 
 S.W. by S. 
 
 3-4 
 
 179 
 
 Dec. 9 
 
 5042 
 
 101 09 
 
 2324 
 
 yl. br. M., brk. Sh. 
 
 S.W. by S. 
 
 5-6 
 
 1S0 
 
 Dec. 10 
 
 50 43 
 
 98 55 
 
 2291 
 
 yl. br. M., brk. Sh. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 4-? 
 
 i3i 
 
 Dec. 10 
 
 50 44 
 
 97 20 
 
 23S3 
 
 yl. br. M., brk. Sh. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 3-4 
 
 1S2 
 
 Dec. 11 
 
 50 50 
 
 95 14 
 
 2540 
 
 br. M., Sh. 
 
 W.S.W. 
 
 3-4 
 
 183 
 
 Dec. 11 
 
 50 54 
 
 93 40 
 
 2711 
 
 br. M. 
 
 West 
 
 5-< 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 121 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 Magellan Straits. Casts taken by Lieut. Adolph Marix, U.S.N. 
 
 State 
 
 State 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Weather. 
 
 Sea. 
 
 
 c« 
 
 
 
 Paying 
 
 Reeling 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Out. 
 
 In. 
 
 
 
 
 < 
 
 en 
 
 CQ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 
 o. c. f. d. 
 
 M. 
 
 53 
 
 51 
 
 
 O 41 
 
 O 42 
 
 
 o. c. f. 
 
 M. 
 
 55 
 
 51 
 
 
 048 
 
 
 Wire parted while reeling in at 1300 fath- 
 oms through carelessness of attendant. 
 
 o. c. m. 
 
 M. 
 
 54 
 
 53 
 
 
 39 
 
 35 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 50 
 
 5i 
 
 
 34 
 
 O 30 
 
 
 o. c. d. q. 
 
 M. 
 
 54 
 
 52 
 
 
 39 
 
 O 31 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 53 
 
 5i 
 
 
 041 
 
 O 29 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 • S. 
 
 55 
 
 52 
 
 
 1 00 
 
 I II 
 
 The regular reel having need of repairs, 
 the old brass reel was used for this and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the following cast, hence had to reel up 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 by hand. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 L. 
 
 52 
 
 5i 
 
 
 51 
 
 I 10 
 
 
 o. c. q. 
 
 L.M. 
 
 53 
 
 50 
 
 
 O 46 
 
 O 36 
 
 Iron reel having been repaired is again 
 in use. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 55 
 
 50 
 
 
 39 
 
 O 25 
 
 
 b. c. • 
 
 L. 
 
 52 
 
 49 
 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 
 ■; r.d.m.q. 
 
 M. 
 
 52 
 
 48 
 
 
 049 
 
 35 
 
 Wire parted at 70 fathoms while reeling 
 in. Defect in wire. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 52 
 
 49 
 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 
 b. c. p. 
 
 L. 
 
 50 
 
 49 
 
 
 038 
 
 26 
 
 
 a. 
 
 M. 
 
 51 
 
 49 
 
 
 047 
 
 50 
 
 In reeling in, wire parted at 764 fathoms. 
 
 o. m. 
 
 M. 
 
 52 
 
 48 
 
 
 O 40 
 
 39 
 
 
 o. m. d. 
 
 M.R. 
 
 52 
 
 48 
 
 
 35 
 
 41 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M.L. 
 
 48 
 
 47 
 
 
 038 
 
 21 
 
 In reeling in, wire parted at 1446 fathoms. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M.L. 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 
 39 
 
 59 
 
 
 b. c. q. p. 
 
 H.R. 
 
 47 
 
 47 
 
 
 O 41 
 
 36 
 
 Ship lying to under steam and sail. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 L.H. 
 
 50 
 
 47 
 
 
 O 29 
 
 28 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 H.R. 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 
 O 42 
 
 032 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 L. 
 
 4 3 
 
 46 
 
 
 O 28 
 
 21 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 52 
 
 48 
 
 
 O 25 
 
 24 
 
 Wire parted at 97 fathoms while reeling in. 
 
 o. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 SO 
 
 46 
 
 
 O 22 
 
 033 
 
 No specimen recovered, but cup showed 
 signs of having struck hard bottom. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 4S 
 
 45 
 
 
 O 21 
 
 23 
 
 
 o. c. m. f. 
 
 M. 
 
 4 s 
 
 46 
 
 
 O 28 
 
 20 
 
 
 o. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 48 
 
 47 
 
 
 O 20 
 
 26 
 
 Cup came up with sleeve lifted and 
 jammed. Specimen was washed out. 
 
 o. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 48 
 
 46 
 
 
 O 29 
 
 033 
 
 Tending out from side of ship about s° 
 when bottom was reached. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 
 023 
 
 23 
 
 
 b. c. m. 
 
 M.C. 
 
 49 
 
 46 
 
 
 37 
 
 26 
 
 
 b. c. m. 
 
 M.C. 
 
 48 
 
 47 
 
 
 O 32 
 
 30 
 
 
 D.c.h. p. q. 
 
 M.R. 
 
 47 
 
 46 
 
 
 O 30 
 
 31 
 
 
 o. c. q. m. 
 
 M.L. 
 
 4» 
 
 46 
 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 M. 
 
 4 s 
 
 46 
 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 
 o. c. m. 
 
 M.L. 
 
 47 
 
 46 
 
 
 O 31 
 
 33 
 
 
 o. c. f. d. 
 
 L. 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 
 O 32 
 
 33 
 
 
 o. c. q. m. 
 
 M.L. 
 
 49 
 
 46 
 
 
 35 
 
 2 58 
 
 Could not detach shot when on bottom 
 the ball having hooked on the cup. 
 Hove in by steam, assisted by hand, 
 and brought shot back. Reel showed no 
 signs of distress. The power of the en- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gine alone was not sufficient to reel in. 
 
122 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 South Pacific Ocean. From Wellington, New Zealand, to 
 
 u 
 
 Date. 
 
 Position. 
 
 (A 
 
 .5 
 •c-5 
 
 Character of Bottom. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 «2; 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long. 
 
 a 
 
 a; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 fc 
 
 
 1885 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 184 
 
 Dec. 12 
 
 50 58 S. 
 
 91 33 W. 
 
 2677 
 
 br. M. 
 
 
 
 W. by N. 
 
 5-6 
 
 185 
 
 Dec. 12 
 
 51 OI 
 
 89 30 
 
 2579 
 
 br. M. 
 
 
 
 W. by N. 
 
 5-6 
 
 186 
 
 Dec. 13 
 
 51 07 
 
 87 00 
 
 2SI6 
 
 br. M. 
 
 
 
 W. by N. 
 
 S-6 
 
 187 
 
 Dec. 13 
 
 51 13 
 
 8438 
 
 2477 
 
 br. M. 
 
 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 5-7 
 
 188 
 
 Dec. 14 
 
 51 18 
 
 8231 
 
 2378 
 
 br. M. 
 
 Sh. 
 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 S-6 
 
 l8q 
 
 Dec. 15 
 
 51 57 
 
 78 34 
 
 2162 
 
 gy. br. 
 
 M., 
 
 Sh. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 4-6 
 
 iqo 
 
 Dec. 15 
 
 52 10 
 
 7708 
 
 2167 
 
 gy. br. 
 
 M., 
 
 Sh. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 2-3 
 
 191 
 
 Dec. 15 
 
 52 16 
 
 76 02 
 
 1200 
 
 gy- s. 
 
 
 
 N.W. 
 
 3 
 
 South Atlantic. From Montevideo, 
 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 192 
 
 Jan. 
 
 11 
 
 35 06 S. 
 
 52 05 W. 
 
 761 gn. M. 
 
 N.W. 
 
 2-3 
 
 193 
 
 Jan. 
 
 11 
 
 34 49 
 
 5i 23 
 
 H26dk. M. 
 
 South 
 
 1-2 
 
 194 
 
 Jan. 
 
 12 
 
 34 30 
 
 50 47 
 
 1633 dk. M. 
 
 E. by N. 
 
 1-2 
 
 195 
 
 Jan. 
 
 12 
 
 3404 
 
 49 49 
 
 1589 no specimen 
 
 N.E. 
 
 2-3 
 
 196 
 
 Jan. 
 
 13 
 
 33 45 
 
 48 48 
 
 1775 dk. M. 
 
 North 
 
 3 
 
 197 
 
 Jan. 
 
 13 
 
 33 18 
 
 47 53 
 
 1859 gv. M., brk. Sh. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 3 
 
 19s 
 
 Jan. 
 
 14 
 
 3258 
 
 47 22 
 
 1976 dk. M. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 4-6 
 
 199 
 
 Jan. 
 
 14 
 
 32 33 
 
 4648 
 
 2088^. M. 
 
 N.E. by N. 
 
 4-5 
 
 200 
 
 Jan. 
 
 15 
 
 32 24 
 
 45 32 
 
 2192 dk. M. 
 
 N. by E. 
 
 4 
 
 201 
 
 Jan. 
 
 15 
 
 32 14 
 
 44 14 
 
 2132 
 
 br. M. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 3 
 
 202 
 
 Jan. 
 
 16 
 
 3i 57 
 
 43 16 
 
 2145 
 
 br. M. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 3-4 
 
 203 
 
 Jan. 
 
 16 
 
 3i 43 
 
 4i 55 
 
 2036 
 
 lc. br. M. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 4 
 
 204 
 
 Jan. 
 
 17 
 
 3i 40 
 
 40 28 
 
 1999 
 
 br. M. 
 
 North 
 
 4-5 
 
 205 
 
 Jan. 
 
 17 
 
 3i 35 
 
 3908 
 
 2334 
 
 br. M. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 3 
 
 206 
 
 Jan. 
 
 18 
 
 31 29 
 
 3805 
 
 1949 
 
 S 
 
 N. by W. 
 
 4 
 
 2O7 
 
 Jan. 
 
 18 
 
 31 22 
 
 36 39 
 
 1469 
 
 wh. S. and Sh. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 3-4 
 
 208 
 
 fan. 
 
 J 9 
 
 3i 13 
 
 35 42 
 
 547 
 
 yl. & wh. S. and Sh. 
 
 N. by W. 
 
 3 
 
 2O9 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 31 12 
 
 35 35 
 
 467 
 
 crs.yl.&wh.S. & Sh. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 3 
 
 210 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 31 11 
 
 35 29 
 
 471 
 
 crs.yl.&wh. S. & Sh. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 3 
 
 211 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 31 10 
 
 35 23 
 
 444 
 
 wh. S., bk. Sp. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 3 
 
 212 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 3i 09 
 
 35 16 
 
 481 
 
 wh. S., bk. Sp. 
 
 North 
 
 3 
 
 213 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 3108 
 
 35 09 
 
 400 
 
 wh. S., bk. Sp. 
 
 North 
 
 3 
 
 214 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 31 o7 
 
 35 03 
 
 867 
 
 Sh. 
 
 North 
 
 3 
 
 215 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 3i 05 
 
 34 48 
 
 1095 
 
 no specimen 
 
 North 
 
 2-3 
 
 2l6 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 31 02 
 
 34 27 
 
 378 
 
 crs. wh. and yl. S. 
 
 North 
 
 2 
 
 217 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 31 01 
 
 34 21 
 
 39° 
 
 crs. wh. and yl. S. 
 
 North 
 
 2-3 
 
 218 
 
 Jan. 
 
 l 9 
 
 30 59 
 
 34 16 
 
 426 
 
 wh. S., bk. Sp. 
 
 N. by E. 
 
 2-3 
 
 219 
 
 Jan. 
 
 19 
 
 30 57 
 
 34 11 
 
 495 
 
 fne. wh. S., Sh. 
 
 N. by E. 
 
 2-3 
 
 220 
 
 Jan. 
 
 20 
 
 30 53 
 
 33 52 
 
 584 
 
 no specimen 
 
 North 
 
 3 
 
 221 
 
 Jan. 
 
 20 
 
 3048 
 
 33 21 
 
 956 
 
 wh. S. 
 
 North 
 
 3-4 
 
 222 
 
 Jan. 
 
 20 
 
 30 39 
 
 32 43 
 
 1S27 
 
 fne. wh. S., Sh. 
 
 North 
 
 4 
 
 223 
 
 Jan. 
 
 20 
 
 30 32 
 
 3i 5o 
 
 2113 
 
 hard; no specimen 
 
 North 
 
 3-4 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 123 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 Magellan Straits. Casts taken by Lieut. Adolph Marix, U.S.N. 
 
 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 State 
 
 of 
 
 Weather. 
 
 State 
 
 of 
 Sea. 
 
 < 
 
 O 
 
 a 
 u 
 
 t/] 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 pg 
 
 Paying 
 Out. 
 
 Reeling 
 In. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 
 b. c. m. 
 
 b. c. z. 
 0. c. m. d. 
 
 M. 
 
 M. 
 
 M. 
 
 49 
 
 4 s 
 
 50 
 
 46 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 
 038 
 
 33 
 
 038 
 
 044 
 
 37 
 O 31 
 
 Line tending out about 3 when bottom 
 
 was reached. 
 Only small specimen obtained. 
 
 0. c. m. d. 
 
 M. 
 
 49 
 
 40 
 
 
 O 41 
 
 34 
 
 Line tending slightly out when bottom, 
 was reached. 
 
 b. c. p. 
 0. c. q. m. 
 
 R. 
 M. H. 
 
 50 
 48 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 
 O 42 
 
 45 
 
 34 
 O 36 
 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 
 L. 
 M. 
 
 49 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 
 30 
 O 14 
 
 023 
 II 
 
 
 Uruguay, to Barbados, W. I. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. z. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 o. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. z. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. m. 
 b. c. m. 
 
 b. c. 
 b, c. m. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. w. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. n. 
 b. c. w. 
 b. c. w. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 73 
 
 7i 
 
 
 O 13 
 
 O IO 
 
 G. 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 
 O 21 
 
 O 18 
 
 S. 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 
 O 24 
 
 19 
 
 s. 
 
 78 
 
 74 
 
 
 O 19 
 
 O 15 
 
 s. 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 
 O 17 
 
 O 15 
 
 M. 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 20 
 
 O 26 
 
 M. 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 
 O 31 
 
 O 2S 
 
 M. 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 28 
 
 O 24 
 
 M. 
 
 ?6 
 
 74 
 
 
 O 26 
 
 O 24 
 
 M. 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 26 
 
 O 26 
 
 M. 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 
 O 26 
 
 O 22 
 
 S. 
 
 7^ 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 24 
 
 O 19 
 
 M. 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 27 
 
 O 20 
 
 S. 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 
 
 O 28 
 
 O 20 
 
 S. 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 22 
 
 O 20 
 
 S. 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 
 O 20 
 
 O l8 
 
 S. 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 
 04 
 
 O l6 
 
 S. 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 05 
 
 O l6 
 
 S. 
 
 ~b 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 06 
 
 05 
 
 S. 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 05 
 
 05 
 
 s. 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 05 
 
 O 06 
 
 s. 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 06 
 
 O 07 
 
 s. 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 
 O II 
 
 O II 
 
 s. 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 15 
 
 IO 
 
 s. 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 04 
 
 03 
 
 s. 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 05 
 
 06 
 
 s. 
 
 lb 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 07 
 
 05 
 
 s. 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 07 
 
 005 
 
 s. 
 
 7675 
 
 
 O 12 
 
 06 
 
 s. 
 
 7^75 
 
 
 O 13 
 
 08 
 
 s. 
 
 77 76 
 
 
 O 20 
 
 O 21 
 
 s. 
 
 7<>75 
 
 
 O 27 
 
 34 
 
 Used 25-lb. coasting lead. 
 
 Line tending slightly to port. 
 
 Cup failed to act,brought up no specimen. 
 
 Evidences of hard bottom. No specimen 
 recovered. 
 
 Used 25-lb. coasting lead. 
 Used 25-Jb. coasting lead. 
 Specimen washed out in reeling in. 
 
 Delay in reeling in caused by slight acci- 
 dent to engine. 
 
124 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 
 South Atlantic. From Montevidio, 
 
 
 
 e. 
 
 Position. 
 
 si 
 
 Character of Bottom. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 3 & Dat 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 "5 
 
 7)2 
 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long. 
 
 ufe 
 
 
 <u 
 
 CJ 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Q 
 
 
 Q 
 
 b 
 
 1886 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 
 224 Jan. 
 
 21 
 
 30 21 S. 
 
 30 40 w. 
 
 1834 
 
 fne. wh. S., Sh. 
 
 North 
 
 4-5 
 
 225 Jan. 
 
 2; I 
 
 3005 
 
 29 22 
 
 1296 
 
 fne. wh. S., Sh. 
 
 N.W. byN. 
 
 4 
 
 226 Jan. 
 
 21 
 
 29 54 
 
 29 OO 
 
 1766 
 
 no specimen 
 
 N.W. byN. 
 
 3-4 
 
 227 Jan. 
 
 22 
 
 28 52 
 
 28 II 
 
 2539 
 
 br. M., Sh. 
 
 W.N.W. 
 
 3 
 
 228jjan. 
 
 23 
 
 27 54 
 
 27 32 
 
 2851 
 
 dk. br. M. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 3 
 
 229 Jan. 
 
 25 
 
 24 14 
 
 27 20 
 
 3002 dk. br. M. 
 
 E. bv S. 
 
 3-4 
 
 230 Jan. 
 
 27 
 
 22 56 
 
 27 22 
 
 2995 yl. br. M., brk. Sh. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 1 
 
 231 Jan. 
 
 27 
 
 21 43 
 
 27 19 
 
 2865 stf. br. M. 
 
 East 
 
 1 
 
 232 Jan. 
 
 2S 
 
 20 24 
 
 27 40 
 
 2727 stf. br. M. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 1-2 
 
 233 Jan. 
 
 30 
 
 18 53 
 
 28 09 
 
 2924 stf. br. M. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 1 
 
 234 Jan. 
 
 31 
 
 17 43 
 
 29 OI 
 
 2839 br. M. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 2 
 
 235 
 
 Feb. 
 
 2 
 
 16 10 
 
 29 57 
 
 2678.br. M. 
 
 East 
 
 3 
 
 236 
 
 Feb. 
 
 3 
 
 1449 
 
 30 10 
 
 2770 
 
 br. M. 
 
 East 
 
 2 
 
 237 
 
 Feb. 
 
 4 
 
 13 10 
 
 30 26 
 
 2814 
 
 br. M. 
 
 E. by S. 
 
 4 
 
 238 
 
 Feb. 
 
 5 
 
 11 35 
 
 31 00 
 
 2892 
 
 br. M. 
 
 E. by S. 
 
 3-4 
 
 239 
 
 Feb. 
 
 6 
 
 10 02 
 
 31 01 
 
 28S7 
 
 br. M. and S. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 4 
 
 240 
 
 Feb. 
 
 7 
 
 8 26 
 
 3i 3i 
 
 2878 
 
 yl. br. M. 
 
 E. by S. 
 
 4 
 
 241 
 
 Feb. 
 
 8 
 
 6 54 
 
 32 13 
 
 2620 
 
 br. M., Sh. 
 
 East 
 
 3 
 
 242 
 
 Feb. 
 
 9 
 
 4 28 
 
 33 07 
 
 2280 
 
 gy. M., S. and Sh. 
 
 E. by S. 
 
 4 
 
 243 
 
 Feb. 
 
 10 
 
 3 03 
 
 33 53 
 
 2202 
 
 ooze, Sh. 
 
 E.S.E. 
 
 3-4 
 
 244 
 
 Feb. 
 
 11 
 
 1 41 
 
 35 02 
 
 2222 
 
 ooze, Sh. 
 
 S.E. by E. 
 
 2 
 
 245 
 
 Feb. 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 35 45 
 
 2443 
 
 ooze, Sh. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 4-7 
 
 North Atlantic 
 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 246 
 
 Feb. 14 
 
 1 12 N. 
 
 36 32 W. 
 
 21^2 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 N.N.E. 
 
 0-1 
 
 247 
 
 Feb. 16 
 
 2 08 
 
 3813 
 
 2407 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 N. by E. 
 
 3-4 
 
 24S 
 
 Feb. 17 
 
 3 14 
 
 39 49 
 
 2405 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 N.E. by E. 
 
 4 
 
 249 
 
 Feb. 18 
 
 409 
 
 4i 09 
 
 2235 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 1-2 
 
 250 
 
 Feb. 19 
 
 5 14 
 
 42 09 
 
 2580 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 4 
 
 251 
 
 Feb. 20 
 
 6 35 
 
 43 32 
 
 2546 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 5-6 
 
 252 
 
 Feb. 20 
 
 7 29 
 
 4440 
 
 2547 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 5 
 
 253 
 
 Feb. 21 
 
 8 19 
 
 45 52 
 
 2682 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 4-5 
 
 2^4 
 
 Feb. 21 
 
 8 50 
 
 47 06 
 
 2552 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 N.E. bv E. 
 
 4 
 
 255 
 
 Feb. 22 
 
 9 30 
 
 48 39 
 
 2593 
 
 ooze, 
 
 Sh. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 5-6 
 
 2S6 
 
 Feb. 22 
 
 10 06 
 
 5000 
 
 2728 
 
 ooze 
 
 
 East 
 
 5-6 
 
 2S7 
 
 Feb. 23 
 
 10 52 
 
 5i 23 
 
 2697 
 
 ooze 
 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 5-6 
 
 258 
 
 Feb. 23 
 
 11 25 
 
 5241 
 
 2714 
 
 no specimen 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 5 
 
 2S9 
 
 Feb. 24 
 
 11 43 
 
 5400 
 
 2673 
 
 ooze 
 
 
 East 
 
 4-5 
 
 260 
 
 Feb. 24 
 
 11 56 
 
 55 01 
 
 2 5 bo 
 
 ooze 
 
 
 East 
 
 3-4 
 
 261 
 
 Feb. 25 
 
 12 17 
 
 56 10 
 
 2425 
 
 ooze 
 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 5 
 
 262 
 
 Feb. 25 
 
 12 31 
 
 5705 
 
 2421 
 
 ooze, 
 
 S., Sh. 
 
 E.N.E. 
 
 4 
 
 263 
 
 Feb. 26 
 
 12 38 
 
 58 14 
 
 1204 
 
 ooze, 
 
 S., Sh. 
 
 East 
 
 4 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 125 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 Uruguay, to Barbados, W. I. 
 
 State 
 
 State 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of 
 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 <-> 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Weather. 
 
 Sea. 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 Paying 
 
 Reeling 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Out. 
 
 In. 
 
 
 
 
 < 
 
 ■Si 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 h. m. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 75 
 
 74 
 
 
 O 24 
 
 O 16 
 
 Some sub-surface current. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 
 
 O 14 
 
 O 15 
 
 
 b.c.w. 
 
 S. 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 
 O 26 
 
 O 18 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 Si 
 
 7S 
 
 
 032 
 
 O 21 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 79 
 
 73 
 
 
 O 36 
 
 35 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 80 
 
 So 
 
 
 43 
 
 O 36 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 79 
 
 So 
 
 
 O38 
 
 O 36 
 
 
 b. c. p. 
 
 s. 
 
 So 
 
 82 
 
 
 37 
 
 33 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 80 
 
 So 
 
 
 32 
 
 O 31 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 79 
 
 So 
 
 
 038 
 
 37 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 So 
 
 79 
 
 
 35 
 
 37 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 81 
 
 79 
 
 
 034 
 
 43 
 
 Wire tending slightly aft. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 79 
 
 So 
 
 
 31 
 
 39 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 Si 
 
 Si 
 
 
 034 
 
 35 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 33 
 
 Si 
 
 
 33 
 
 O 52 
 
 
 b. c. q. 
 
 s. 
 
 S3 
 
 82 
 
 
 037 
 
 O 32 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 33 
 
 S2 
 
 
 31 
 
 O 36 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 S3 
 
 S2 
 
 
 28 
 
 O 27 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 S 4 
 
 S2 
 
 
 27 
 
 O 27 
 
 
 b. c. 
 
 s. 
 
 S3 
 
 S2 
 
 
 23 
 
 O 23 
 
 
 o.c.u.q.m. 
 
 s. 
 
 74 
 
 8l 
 
 
 40 
 
 O 30 
 
 Very heavy squall during cast. 
 
 Ocean. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. r. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 o. c. d. 
 
 o. c. q. d 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. p. 
 
 b. c. p. q 
 
 b. c. 
 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 b. c. 
 
 S. 
 M. 
 S. 
 
 S. 
 
 s. 
 
 R. 
 
 M. 
 M. 
 
 M. 
 M. 
 M. 
 M. 
 M. 
 
 M. 
 S. 
 M. 
 S. 
 
 s. 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 30 
 
 27 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 36 
 
 24 
 
 33 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 047 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 2 03 
 
 39 
 
 29 
 
 36 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 51 
 
 39 
 
 33 
 
 29 
 
 37 
 
 36 
 
 41 
 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 030 
 
 34 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 14 
 
 00S 
 
 Wire tended under ship on reeling in, 
 causing delay. 
 
 After beginning to sound found that the 
 ship had not sufficient steam to breast 
 the wind, so clamped wire until steam 
 was raised sufficiently to continue. 
 
 In reeling in the wire fouled propeller; 
 lost 204 fathoms. 
 
126 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN BY THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE, 
 
 Between St. Thomas, W. I., 
 
 u 
 
 Date. 
 
 Position. 
 
 a 
 
 ■5 13 
 
 at 
 Q 
 
 Character of Bottom. 
 
 Wind. 
 
 v)2 
 
 Lat. 
 
 Long. 
 
 9 
 if 
 
 5 s 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 1886 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 
 264 
 
 Mar. 6 
 
 19 53 N. 
 
 65 45 W. 
 
 4529 
 
 br. ooze 
 
 s.w. 
 
 2-3 
 
 26 s 
 
 Mar. 6 
 
 21 00 
 
 66 14 
 
 2990 
 
 br. M. 
 
 w.s.w. 
 
 4 
 
 266 
 
 Mar. 7 
 
 22 06 
 
 66 44 
 
 3079 
 
 It. br. M. 
 
 N.N.W. 
 
 3 
 
 267 
 
 Mar. 7 
 
 2307 
 
 67 08 
 
 3101 
 
 It. br. M. 
 
 N.W. by N. 
 
 2 
 
 26S 
 
 Mar. 8 
 
 24 23 
 
 67 58 
 
 3133 
 
 It. br. M. 
 
 West 
 
 2 
 
 26q 
 
 Mar. 8 
 
 25 22 
 
 68 41 
 
 3006 
 
 It. br. M. 
 
 W. by N. 
 
 1-2 
 
 270 
 
 Mar. 9 
 
 26 33 
 
 69 30 
 
 2880 
 
 no specimen 
 
 N.W. by W. 
 
 2-3 
 
 271 
 
 Mar. 9 
 
 27 36 
 
 7014 
 
 3004 
 
 br. M. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 3 
 
 272 
 
 Mar. 10 
 
 29 36 
 
 7i 33 
 
 2956 
 
 br. M. 
 
 W. by N. 
 
 6-8 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 127 
 
 COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N., COMMANDING. 
 and Cape Hatteras. 
 
 
 State 
 of 
 Sea. 
 
 Tempera- 
 ture. 
 
 Time. 
 
 
 State 
 
 of 
 
 Weather. 
 
 < 
 
 a; 
 
 a 
 
 P 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 Paying 
 Out. 
 
 Reeling 
 In. 
 
 Remarks 
 
 b.c. 
 
 b.c. 
 b. c. 
 b.c. 
 b.c. 
 b. c. z. 
 b. c. 
 
 b.c. 
 r. c. q. r. 
 
 G. 
 
 G. 
 G. 
 
 S. 
 S. 
 
 s. 
 s. 
 
 s. 
 
 R. 
 
 7S 
 
 79 
 76 
 76 
 73 
 74 
 69 
 
 70 
 66 
 
 79 
 
 7S 
 7S 
 7S 
 73 
 74 
 71 
 
 70 
 66 
 
 
 h. m. 
 I 06 
 
 038 
 O 40 
 O 38 
 37 
 35 
 33 
 
 O 40 
 
 39 
 
 h. m. 
 I 21 
 
 35 
 41 
 
 34 
 
 36 
 
 34 
 
 42 
 038 
 
 Used crank to assist engine in reeling in 
 the first 1500 fathoms. 
 
 In reeling in the wire parted at 1450 
 fathoms. No cause discovered. 
 
128 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 OFFICERS ATTACHED TO THE U. S. S. ENTERPRISE 
 
 ON THE DAY OF SAILING FROM NORFOLK, 
 
 DECEMBER 27, 1882. 
 
 Albert S. Barker, 
 G. M. Book, 
 G. A. Norris, 
 Hugo Osterhaus, 
 M. A. Shufeldt, 
 H. M, Hodges, 
 W. G. Hannum, 
 N. J. L. T. Halpine, 
 Edward Lloyd, 
 H. D. McEwan, 
 C. J. Habighurst, 
 G. W. McElroy, 
 J. H. Baker, 
 H. N. Beaumont, 
 J. A. Ring, 
 T. G. Fillette, 
 W. J. Sears, 
 R. F. Lopez, 
 R. O. Bitler, 
 W. C. P. Muir, 
 L. J. Clark, 
 Albert Moritz, 
 F. A. McNutt, 
 H. D. Alexander, 
 
 Commander, U. S. N., Commanding 
 
 Lieutenant-Commander, Executive. 
 
 Lieutenant, Navigator. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 Master. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Chief Engineer. 
 
 Passed Assistant Engineer. 
 
 Assistant Engineer. 
 
 Assistant Engineer. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Passed Assistant Paymaster. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, U. S. M. C. 
 
 Midshipman. 
 
 Midshipman. 
 
 Midshipman. 
 
 Midshipman. 
 
 Midshipman. 
 
 Naval Cadet. 
 
 Naval Cadet. 
 
 Paymaster's Clerk. 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 129 
 
 OFFICERS ATTACHED TO THE U. S. S. ENTERPRISE 
 
 UPON HER RETURN TO THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 MARCH, 1886. 
 
 Albert S. Barker, 
 Geo. A. Norris, 
 Adolph Marix, 
 Hugo Osterhaus, 
 W. P. Conway, 
 H. M. Hodges, 
 G. W. Denfield, 
 R. F. Lopez, 
 P. W. Hourigan, 
 H. C. Poundstone, 
 W. C. P. Muir, 
 J. H. Rohrbacher, 
 L. J. Clark, 
 H. D. McEwan, 
 G. R. Salisbury, 
 H. N. Beaumont, 
 W. B. Wilcox, 
 
 Commander, U. S. N., Commanding. 
 
 Lieutenant, Executive. 
 
 Lieutenant, Navigator. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Ensign. 
 
 Chief Engineer. 
 
 Assistant Engineer. 
 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Assistant Paymaster. 
 
13° 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 MEN WHO WERE ON BOARD THE ENTERPRISE DUR- 
 ING THE WHOLE CRUISE. 
 
 Anderson, Andrew 
 Baggott, Patrick 
 Barnett, John 
 Bartleson, T. M. 
 Bennett, Eugene 
 Birch, Walter H. 
 Borgenson, Francis 
 Bowles, Edward 
 Brown, Charles 
 Buck, Patrick 
 Campbell, William 
 Carlsen, Andrew 
 Cope, George 
 Corr, Henry 
 Crabtree, C. W. 
 Craven, Thomas 
 Darnell, M. D. 
 Dazy, W. J. 
 Derrick, George 
 Farrell, James 
 Fountain, B. 
 Foy, W. H. 
 Gleason, James 
 Gordon, E. T. 
 Griffith, Wm. 
 Gustavsen, James 
 Hanna, Jno. W. 
 Harvey, Thomas 
 Hassett, John 
 Hatter, James 
 Henderson, Robt. 
 Herbert, Frank 
 Holm, G. A. 
 Johnson, James 
 Knight, Robert 
 Landers, Thomas 
 
 Landman, Chas. 
 McDonough, Jas. 
 McKinley, J. J. 
 McNeal, John 
 McNicol, James 
 McTighe, Patrick 
 Morgan, W. T. 
 Morrison, A. M. 
 Mullaly, Michael 
 Murphy, John 
 Nailor, H. Bernard 
 O'Hern, William 
 Oberg, C. A. 
 Pequati, Emil 
 Peterson, Neil 
 Porter, J. B. 
 Raferty, J. F. 
 Reiley, Mich. P. 
 Roche, James F. 
 Robinson, A. J. 
 Schewder, A. K. 
 Schneider, Carl 
 Schurig, Edw. 
 Smit, Gustav 
 Smith, E. T. 
 Smith, Thomas 
 Stiles, H. T. 
 Stugerweld, Adam 
 Sweeney, James 
 Thompson, Wm. 
 Twiss, George 
 Weston, Louis 
 Will, Alexander 
 Wirtz, H. I. 
 Withers, Nelson A 
 Wogan, Michael 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 131 
 
 APPRENTICES. 
 
 Becker, David H. 
 Broderick, Thomas 
 Brown, Henry J. 
 Dally, Clarence M. 
 Fields, G. W. 
 Hanly, Peter 
 Hopkins, Chas. W. 
 Hughes, Patrick 
 
 Mehrtens, R. C. 
 Odenath, J. J. 
 Parker, Charles 
 Ramsay, L. M. 
 Smith, Aug. F. 
 Stuart, William 
 Turk, F. J. 
 
 MARINES. 
 
 Albert Conrey, First Sergeant. 
 Douglass Smith, Sergeant. 
 Bernard Duddy, Corporal. 
 A. A. Thatcher, Drummer. 
 Wm. M. Jordan, Fifer. 
 
 Adams, Thomas A. 
 Bader, Gottlieb 
 Brennan, J. M. 
 Benz, Frederick 
 Flemming, S. M. 
 
 Gallagher, J. J. 
 Lyon, Thos. A. 
 Little, J. M. 
 Murphy, J. A. 
 Tierney, Jas. P. 
 
132 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 MEN WHO WENT OUT IN THE SHIP BUT DID NOT 
 RETURN IN HER. 
 
 Aki Suzia (Japanese) 
 A Lam (Chinese) 
 Allen, George L. 
 Angel, Louis 
 Bird, Frank 
 Black, Chas. 
 Boiler, Wm. 
 Christensen, Chas. 
 Coombs, Peter 
 Cowen, Lindley 
 Day, Daniel 
 Eto Matz (Japanese) 
 Ferguson, Thos. 
 Fumersdorf, J. 
 George, C. W. 
 Gisabon, E. 
 Godfrey, Wm. 
 Jensen, Julius 
 Kami, M. 
 Kandoli, M. 
 Kregor, ChaSx 
 Lee, George 
 Lewis, Laban 
 McGarr, James 
 McGee, Lincoln 
 
 McGovern, M. 
 
 Moite, E. 
 
 Montegenico, F. de 
 
 Nakamura, S. (Japanese) 
 
 O'Shea, John 
 
 Perry, Thomas 
 
 Quirk, Edw. 
 
 Quine, William 
 
 Robertson, John 
 
 Sajaro (Japanese) 
 
 Sherman, F. I. 
 
 Smith, C. M. 
 
 Soung, Y. W. 
 
 Stevens, Chas. 
 
 Suzui Wakamato (Japanese) 
 
 Swan, Eric 
 
 Tarro, K. 
 
 Taylor, Wm. 
 
 Thornton, Thomas 
 
 Toku Hisia (Japanese) 
 
 Townson, Jno. C. 
 
 Waldron, T. C. 
 
 White, Andrew 
 
 Williams, G. A. 
 
 APPRENTICES. 
 
 Barcklay, C. W. 
 Dudley, L. S. 
 Gardner, Jno. P. 
 Green, Daniel 
 Johnson, Jas. T. 
 Moury, Edw. T. 
 Rice, Edw. L. 
 
 Saunders, Chas. B. 
 Stevens, F. W. 
 Stokes, Joseph 
 Whitney, F. W. 
 Wilson, Henry L. 
 Wolf, Geo. L. 
 
 MARINES. 
 
 W. F. Jones, Corporal. 
 
 Brite, Jonathan O. 
 Carey, Francis 
 Ellsworth, S. M. 
 Foley, W. T. 
 
 Finnerty, P. J. 
 Griffin, James 
 Lewis, D. H. 
 Murray, Thomas 
 Ryan, Patrick 
 Wood, W. J. 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 
 
 133 
 
 MEN WHO WERE ON BOARD AT END OF CRUISE 
 BUT WERE NOT ON BOARD AT THE BEGIN- 
 NING OF THE CRUISE. 
 
 Baker, Wm. 
 Besant, C. I. 
 Boyd, C. A. 
 Brown, Joseph 
 Cartwright, J. H. 
 Cox, Maurice 
 Daniels, Wm. 
 Diggs, W. G. 
 Esha (Japanese) 
 Fabling, A. F. 
 Fechner, O. H. 
 Gotting, Leonard 
 Harding, W. M. 
 Ivers, Wm. W. 
 Jackson, F. A. 
 Jones, H. G. 
 Karlson, K. E. 
 Kege Izake (Japanese) 
 King, D. F. 
 Koeber, Charles 
 Kruss, Harry 
 Lamken, Adolph 
 Landstrom, G. 
 
 Lindenberg, Waldemar 
 
 McCabe, J. 
 
 McGrath, J. M. 
 
 Marlingford, John 
 
 Moller, Adolf 
 
 Nojuna (Japanese) 
 
 Olsen, Saren 
 
 Olsson, A. G. 
 
 Pagan, Frank 
 
 Pease, Arthur 
 
 Rooke, George 
 
 Russell, Wm. I. 
 
 Silvia, Antone, distressed 
 
 American 
 Sheridan, Daniel 
 Smith, Thomas, 2d 
 Stebbins, A. H. 
 Taki Kichi (Japanese) 
 Wirada, G. (Japanese) 
 Yamagata (Japanese) 
 Yskihi Tanaka (Japanese) 
 Yu Long (Chinese) 
 
 APPRENTICES. 
 
 Aiken, E. L. 
 Alexander, Benjamin T. 
 Emery, Tnos. H. 
 Golden, A. J. 
 
 Kimmell, A. J. 
 Lawrence, S. M. 
 Lee, Robert 
 Postill, J. C. 
 
 MARINES. 
 
 Harry Scott, Corporal. 
 
 Bates, Charles 
 Davis, Joseph T. 
 Jones, Wm. F. 
 Keiley, Roger 
 
 Murphy, Wm. 
 McCarthy, Thos. 
 Rice, Arthur 
 Shanahan, Daniel 
 Marcus, Albert 
 
Il0 c 
 
 =^t -i -v — ' •— 
 
 6 asm "E-bk^ 
 
 
DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN IN THE INDIAN OCEAN 
 
 BY THE U.SS.ENTERPRISE, COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N.COM'D 
 
 WHILE EN ROUTE TO THE ASIATIC STATION 
 
 IN JUNE, JULY, AUGUST, fc SEPTEMBER, 1883, 
 
 LIEUT. GEO. A.NORRIS, U.S-N., NAVIGATOR 
 
 SOUNDINGS IN rATHOMS 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS TOR CHARACTE.RIST iCS OF BOTTOM SOIL 
 
 MATLRIAlS 
 
 
 CO 
 
 lORS 
 
 OTHER QUALITIES 
 
 C for 
 
 Clay 
 
 r> 
 
 For 
 
 brow 
 
 crc r , 
 
 coarse 
 
 M - 
 
 Mud 
 
 It 
 
 
 S r V 
 
 
 
 Oz •• 
 
 Ooia 
 
 y 
 
 
 JtUon 
 
 
 
 S •• 
 
 
 
 
 black 
 
 
 
 Sh ■■ 
 
 Shetli 
 Spec*.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f*J3E®> 
 
150* 
 
 140* 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN 
 
 BY THE US.S ENTERPRISE, COMMANDER ALBERT S.BARKER,U.S.N.,C0M'D6, 
 
 WHILE ON HER RETURN TO THE UNITED STATES 
 
 IN OCTOBER , NOVEMBER, &. DECEMBER, 1885 
 
 LIEUT. AOOLPH MARIX , U.S.N., NAVIGATOR 
 
 SOUNDINGS IN FATHOMS 
 
 jlbrMMS/, /'*'«A^j* 
 
 -'.ffm 
 
 &8REVI 
 
 ■VTlONS FOR CHARACTERiST 
 
 CSOf BOTTOM SO 
 
 MAT 
 
 E.RIAL.S 
 
 COLORS 
 
 OTHER QUALITIES 
 
 G for 
 
 Grant. 
 
 bk for black 
 
 brk for broken 
 
 M '■ 
 
 Muxt, 
 
 br " brown 
 
 brd. •• hard. 
 
 Oz - 
 
 Ooze 
 
 bu " bCuA 
 
 sft » soft 
 
 5 " 
 
 Sand. 
 
 oik « das* 
 
 
 Sh .. 
 
 ShtUs 
 
 gy « gr&y 
 
 
 Up. 
 
 Specks 
 
 
 
 St •> 
 
 Ston&s 
 
 yl » yeUoirt 
 
 
°"Bm>«f" 
 
 i*7,_.2'^> t 
 
 DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS TAKEN IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEANS 
 
 BY THE U.S.S.ENTERPRISE, COMMANDER ALBERT S. BARKER, U.S.N.,COM'DG, 
 
 WHILE ON A CRUISE AROUND THE WORLD 
 
 The soundings in black were taken on the ou.twa.rd voyage in 1883 
 
 LIEUT. GEO. A.NORRlS, U.S.N., NAVIGATOR 
 
 The soundings in bias were taken on the return voyage in 1886 
 
 LIEUT. AOOLPH MARIX , U.S.N., NA.VI6f.T0R 
 
 SOUNOINGS IN FATHOMS 
 
 MATERIALS 
 
 | COLORS | OTHER QUALITIES 
 
 Co For CoraL 
 
 Ok for 
 
 OUU/c 
 
 
 M 
 Oz • 
 
 Mud 
 
 Or » 
 
 ST 
 
 Pre » fire 
 
 S • 
 
 sn > 
 Sp • 
 
 Specks 
 
 9" " 
 
 yt ■■ 
 
 9 r 'J 
 yello* 
 
 St? " stiff