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 PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 1, Philosophical, 
 Practical. 
 
 by la roy Sunderland. 
 
 tote Jf.ort| : 
 
 STEARNS & COMPANY, 
 25 ANN STREET 
 
 /■ M? T?u!&& ^ fe 
 

BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY 
 
 PATHETISM, 
 
 HISTORICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, PRACTICAL; 
 
 GIVING THE RATIONALE OF EVERY POSSIBLE FORM OF 
 
 NERVOUS OR MENTAL PHENOMENA 
 
 KNOWN" UNDER THE TECHNICS OF 
 
 Amulets, Charms, Enchantment, Spells, Fascination, Incan- 
 tation, Magic, Mesmerism, Philters, Talisman, Relics, 
 Witchcraft, Ecstacy, Hallucination, Spectres, 
 Trance, Illusions, Apparitions, Clair- 
 voyance, Somnambulism, Mira- 
 cles, Sympathy, etc. : 
 
 SHOWING HOW THESE RESULTS MAY BE INDUCED, THE THEORY OP 
 
 MIND WHICH THEY DEMONSTRATE, AND THE BENEVOLENT 
 
 USES TO WHICH THIS KNOWLEDGE SHOULD BE APPLIED. 
 
 I 
 BY LAROY SUNDERIAND, 
 
 AUTHOR OF " PATHETISM" — " NEW THEORY OF MIND'' — " THE MAONET"- 
 U BOOK OF HEALTH" — u THE SPIRIT- WORLD," ETC. ETC. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 STEARNS & COMPANY, 
 
 2 5 ANN-STR EET. 
 1853. 
 
V 
 
 
 <2> 
 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, 
 
 BY STEARNS & COMPANY. 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
 
 Southern District of New York. 
 
 
 ■ 
 
CONTENTS AND INDEX. 
 
 Preface, 
 
 Page. 
 ... 5 
 
 NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 2. Apparition, 10 
 
 3. Catalepsy 10 
 
 4. Clairvoyance, 11 
 
 5. Dreamine 12 
 
 6. Double Consciousness, 13 
 
 7. Ecstacy, 14 
 
 8. Ghosts, 15 
 
 9. Hallucination 16 
 
 10. Illusion 18 
 
 11. Imagination, 18 
 
 12. Miracle, 18 
 
 13. Phantasy 20 
 
 14. Phrenopatby 20 
 
 15. Second Sight 21 
 
 16. Somnambulism, 21 
 
 17. Sumnipathy 22 
 
 18. Spectre, . . '. 2-2 
 
 19. Sympathy 
 
 20. Trance 
 
 21. Amulet 23 
 
 22. Animal Magnetism 25 
 
 23. Bewitch, 26 
 
 24. Charm 27 
 
 2.>. Enchantment, 28 
 
 26. Fascination, 29 
 
 27. Incantation, 29 
 
 28. Ma C ic 7. 29 
 
 29. Mesmerism, 30 
 
 30. Philters 31 
 
 31. Belies, 31 
 
 32. Spells 31 
 
 33. Tali-man 32 
 
 34. Marveloasness 34 
 
 35. Spontaneous Phenomena 351 
 
 36. Suggestive, 35 
 
 37. Volitional 35 
 
 38. Electricity 36 
 
 39. Pathetism, 39 
 
 23 
 
 Page. 
 HISTORICAL. 
 
 Religious Phenomena, 42 
 
 Identity of Results 47 
 
 Professional Experiments, 48 
 
 The Object, 49 
 
 Facilities, 49 
 
 Details 50 
 
 The * Idea " of Pathetism, ... 51 
 
 Key to Mesmerism, 51 
 
 14 Neuralogy," 53 
 
 " Psychometry," 54 
 
 " Hypnotism." 56 
 
 Method of Pathetism, 56 
 
 Reports of Lectures, 57 
 
 Original Experiments, 61 
 
 Unity, 64 
 
 What is the Reader's Verdict 1 64 
 
 PHILOSOPHICAL. 
 
 Triune of all Things, 67 
 
 Philosophy of Spheres, 67 
 
 Doctrine of Relations, 67 
 
 Spheres 68 
 
 Idiosyncrasy, 70 
 
 Riechen bach's Experiments, . . 72 
 
 " Sensitives," 72 
 
 Individualities 72 
 
 Popular Excitements, 73 
 
 Misnomer ? 74 
 
 Physical Bodies 75 
 
 Testimony of " Sensitives," •• 76 
 
 Spheres of Mental Bodies, 78 
 
 Sympathetic Imitation 79 
 
 Mental Contagion, 80 
 
 Sectarian Mania 
 
 Diseases from Sj m pi thy B8 
 
 ( 'nm(\s from Sympathy, 
 
 Fanaticism B3 
 
 The "Relation," 84 
 
 Illustration 85 
 
 Power of Habit 86 
 
 Bower of Faith 87 
 
CONTENTS AND INDEX. 
 
 PRACTICAL. 
 
 Page. 
 
 81. Directions for Pathetising, . . .. 
 
 82. Parental, 
 
 83. Treatment of Disease, 
 
 84. What is Comprehended 1 
 
 85. Intelligence, 
 
 8G. Self-Induction, 
 
 87. Diversity of Means, 
 
 88. An Idea, 
 
 89. Children, 
 
 90. Antipathy, 
 
 91. One or more at a time, 
 
 92. Position of the Patient, 
 
 93. Increase of Power, 
 
 94. How to Form the Relation,. . . 
 
 95. Hearing, 
 
 96. Seeing, 
 
 97. Feeling, 
 
 98. The Time, 
 
 99. Power, 
 
 1 00. The Relation Formed 1 
 
 101. TheSittine 
 
 102. To be Remembered 
 
 103. The Patient is controlled by 
 
 Suggestions, 
 
 104. No two Patients precisely 
 
 alike, 
 
 105. Degrees, . 
 
 100. External, 
 
 107. Internal, 
 
 108. Spiritual 
 
 109. Knowledge of the Patient, — 
 
 110. He has Knowledge of the In- 
 
 ternal World, 
 
 11 1. Cautions, 
 
 112. Benefits of Pathetism 
 
 113. Nature of Diseases Cured, 
 
 114. Paralysis and Spasmodic Hy- 
 
 steria, cured by Pathetism,.. 
 
 115. Fits and Insanity, cured by 
 
 Pathetism, 
 
 116. Tic Douloureux, 
 
 .117. Epilepsy cured by Pathetism,. 
 
 118. Cramp -Convulsions cured by 
 
 Pathetism, 
 
 119. Gout, cured by Pathetism, 
 
 120. Tobacco Chewing and Smok- 
 
 ing, cured by Pathetism, 
 
 Page. 
 
 121. Opium Eating, cured by Path- 
 
 etism, 104 
 
 122. Insensibility to Pain, during 
 
 Surgical Operations, produc- 
 ed by Pathetism, 104 
 
 123. Amaurosis, cured by Pathe- 
 
 tism 104 
 
 124. Stammering, cured by Pathe- 
 
 tism, 104 
 
 125. Tumor cured, and Surgical 
 
 Operation superceded, by 
 Pathetism 105 
 
 126. Loss of Voice, and Despair, 
 
 cured by Pathetism, 106 
 
 127. Neuralgia, cured by Pathe- 
 
 tism, 106 
 
 128. Scrofula, cured by Pathetism, 107 
 
 129. Want of Sleep, cured by Path- 
 
 etism 107 
 
 130. Dysmenorrhea and Sick-Head- 
 
 ache, cured by Pathetism,.. 107 
 
 131. Love of Intoxication taken 
 
 away by Pathetism, 108 
 
 132. Troy, N. Y 108 
 
 133. New York City Resolutions,.. 108 
 
 134. Surgical Operation, performed 
 
 by Dr. Paine, while in a state 
 ofTrance, 109 
 
 135. Philadelphia, Pa., Resolutions, 
 
 Presentation of a Silver Cup, 110 
 
 136. Boston, Mass , Presentation of 
 
 a Gold Watch, 112 
 
 137. Conclusion, 113 
 
 AXIOMATIC. 
 
 >J. Manhood, 115 
 
 II. Human Destiny 115 
 
 III. The Problem of Evil........ 115 
 
 IV. Freedom, 117 
 
 V. Authority 117 
 
 VI. Individuality, 118 
 
 VII. Justice 118 
 
 V1IL Punishment, 119 
 
 IX. Religion, 119 
 
 X. Harmony 120 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In the author's larger work, on Pathetism, will be found 
 what is believed to be an approach towards the true Philoso- 
 phy of " The Mysteries, Miseries and Felicities of Human 
 Nature." The present book is designed to show the Practi- 
 cal Uses to which that Philosophy may be applied. And, as 
 imperfect as this little work must be, from the extreme brev- 
 ity which has been constantly studied in its composition, yet, 
 I believe the candid reader will here find more practical 
 information on the subject treated upon, than in any or all the 
 books, old or new, that have ever been published. The 
 author's facilities for observation, in this field of inquiry, have 
 neither been few nor of short duration. Twenty years a 
 clergyman, — most of this time actively engaged in what are 
 called ' ; revivals of religion ;" — in the midst of those popular, 
 sympathetic excitements, which have, for centuries, given 
 rise to many of the most strange, diversified and wonderful 
 Psychological Phenomena, that perhaps, ever did. or ever can 
 take place ; — and, for ten years a public, experimental lec- 
 turer on Mental Philosophy. During the greater portion of 
 this thirty years, my investigations have been carried on, not 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 for the purpose of confirming any preconceived theory, but in 
 order to arrive at a satisfactory knowledge of the method of 
 mind. The object in my experiments, from first to last, has 
 been, to find, if possible, what the truth is. For this purpose 
 I have entranced many thousands of persons, six hundred or 
 more of whom have had - surgical operations performed on 
 them, without the consciousness of pain. In numerous cases 
 I have thus broken up the habit of Stammering, and destroyed 
 the appetite for Tobacco, Tea, Coffee, Opium, and Intoxicating 
 Liquors ; have cured difficulties in the power of Speech, 
 have restored numbers from a state of hopeless despair, and 
 insanity, and completely annihilated from the mund a tendency 
 to crime, not excepting that of suicide ! All the phenomena 
 peculiar to a state of Trance, Extasis, Clairvoyance, &c, 
 whether Idiopathic, Suggestive, or Volitional, and in a 
 variety of forms, and cases, far too numerous to be put down 
 here in detail, have, for this series of years, presented them- 
 selves before me for examination. Nor these alone, but those 
 results superinduced upon the nervous system, by the " impon- 
 derable fluids, " by the " spheres" of metals,, by minerals, by 
 air, food, cold, heat, light, darkness, sound, color, odor, bo- 
 dily and mental exercise, associations, and in a word, by every 
 thing in nature, real or imaginary, which may be brought in 
 contact with the body, or occupy the mind. 
 
 Such have been the author's advantages for acquiring, not 
 merely a knowledge of Human Nature in general, but also a 
 practical acquaintance with that peculiar class of its mysteries 
 of which some explanation is attempted in the following 
 pages. 
 
 While it is certain, that this subject has attracted the atten- 
 tion of some of the most intelligent minds of the present and 
 past ages, it is much to bo regretted, that, perhaps, from their 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 neglect, it has fallen into the hands of a few who have so 
 sadly mystified and misrepresented its practical importance 
 under the semblance of certain cabalistic names, and, for 
 teaching the " secret" to the uninitiated, enormous prices 
 have been charged. In this way, multitudes of honest people 
 have "been severely taxed, and thus compelled to pay for the 
 support of arrant charlatanism, they have been prevented from 
 giving to this subject that attention which its intrinsic impor- 
 tance so evidently demands. However, such, we shall find, 
 have been the difficulties with which the higher forms of 
 science have always had to contend, such have always been 
 the unfounded pretensions, the pedantic empiricism, and the 
 rank deception, characteristic of " Alchemy" ancient and mod- 
 ern, under whatever guise it may have appeared. 
 
 But, I shall be told, perhaps, that some of this blame falls 
 on the author of Pathetism, for having, years ago, made known 
 his new theory in respect to processes for controlling the ner- 
 vous system. I admit it, though I must confess I did not 
 once anticipate, in 1841, what uses cupidity might, indeed, 
 make of the information which I published, freely, to the 
 world. Still, I cannot abate my confidence in the ultimate 
 intelligence of the people, which is the only safeguard, (the 
 best " Talisman") against imposition in Theology, Philosophy 
 or Science. To increase the aggregate of this knowledge, 
 is the object in the re-publication of this book. 
 
 How much importance will yet be attached to the Idea of 
 Pathetism which I have spent some thirty years of my life in 
 maturing, it is, of course, not for me to determine. That it is 
 now generally believed to be true* is manifest from the radical 
 change which it has everywhere wrought in the manner of 
 inducing "mesmeric" results, not in this country merely, but 
 also in Europe. Nor is it unreasonable to hope, that, 'in^er 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 whatever names (new or old) this idea is presented, yet, it 
 shall be applied for " doing good to the souls and bodies of 
 men," and its heat and light practically diffused throughout 
 the world. 
 
 23 Eliot-street, Boston, Ms., 
 May 6, 1852. 
 
BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY, 
 
 NOMENCLATIVE. 
 
 1. It is worthy of notice that, while various terms 
 have come into use, from the earliest ages, to sig- 
 nify the means, or the processes, by which certain 
 abnormal changes have been brought about in the 
 nervous system, during the whole of this time 
 there does not seem to have been any name invented 
 to signify the philosophy of their induction. On 
 arriving, therefore, at what I supposed to be the 
 rationale of all artificial impressions made upon the 
 human mind, I found the want of a suitable word 
 by which the whole subject could be designated. 
 Before explaining that term, however, let us briefly 
 examine what preceding ages had done towards 
 furnishing us with ideas, both as it respects certain 
 results supposed to be induced, and also the means 
 or processes by which they were brought about. 
 
 1* 
 
10 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Apparition, 
 
 2. Although this word simply means, something 
 seen, perceived, observed, or seeming to be (from, 
 appear), yet it has by use been applied to what 
 was supposed to be supernatural, or a mental hal- 
 lucination. 
 
 " The heavenly bands, 
 Down from a sky of lighted jasper, now, 
 In Paradise, and on a hill made halt ; 
 A glorious apparition, had not doubt, 
 And carnal fear, that day, dimmed Adam's eye." 
 
 Milton, Par. Lost, b. ix. 
 
 The human mind may be artificially operated 
 upon by various processes, so as to induce percep- 
 tions that might be designated by this term. (8.) 
 
 " In the room of the frightful spectres, there now en- 
 tered a second dance of apparitions, very agreeably 
 matched together, and made up of very agreeable phan- 
 toms." — Spectator, No. 3. 
 
 Catalepsy. 
 
 3. From a Greek word, which signifies seizing, to 
 take, invade. A sudden seizure of the nervous sys- 
 tem, in which the external senses are suspended. 
 When it comes on spontaneously, the eyes remain 
 open, and all the muscles are fixed in one position, 
 while the mind becomes wholly unconscious. It 
 may be brought on by artificial means, and is, per- 
 haps, as good a term as any now in use to specify 
 that state induced by Pathetism, for rendering per- 
 
CLAIBVOYANCE. 11 
 
 sons insensible to pain while surgical operations 
 are performed upon them. (122.) 
 
 Clairvoyance. 
 
 4. A French word, which literally signifies clear- 
 sightedness, a power attributed to persons (usually) 
 in a state of trance, of seeing what is not cogniza- 
 ble by either of the external senses. While it 
 must be admitted that, hy man}', much more has 
 been claimed in behalf of this power than was ever 
 sufficiently proved to be true,* yet the power itself 
 is nevertheless a reality. - If we admit the fact of 
 Intuition, we admit all that is necessary in regard 
 to Clairvoyance. 
 
 The results which have been developed by this 
 power, may be divided into four classes r (1.) The 
 first may comprehend, what is peculiar to certain 
 persons in their normal state. By Intuition, they 
 describe accurately what is not present to the ex- 
 ternal senses. Swedenborg and Zschokke were of 
 this class. 
 
 (2.) The second may include those cases where it 
 has been developed in a state of spotaneous trance. 
 Dr. Franklin was an instance of this kind.f He 
 speaks of his having gone into the water to swim, 
 where he remained for nearly an hour, but of which 
 
 * Dr. Gregory's Letters on Animal Magnetism (otherwise a most 
 interesting* and valuable work), contains numerous cases of this 
 class. 
 
 f Numerous similar cases are described in the author's work on 
 Pathetism, New York edition of 1843, pp. 219-230. 
 
12 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 he knew nothing till he found himself in the act 
 of putting on his clothes. 
 
 (3.) This power is in some cases developed in a 
 state of insanity* 
 
 (4.) In cases of the induced Trance, by Pathetism. 
 And under this head, Clairvoyance may be sub- 
 divided thus : — (1.) Such cases as result from sym- 
 pathy with one or more minds ; describing things 
 known, to minds with whom the patient is at the 
 time associated by Pathetism. (2.) Such descrip- 
 tions as persons entranced by Pathetism, give of 
 things wholly unknown to the mind of the oper- 
 ator at the time. This is sometimes called " inde- 
 pendent clairvoyance." And (3.) when the trance 
 is self-induced; as many persons, especially after 
 having been once pathetized, acquire the power of 
 changing their states from the normal to a state of 
 trance, so as to become clairvoyant. And (4.) in 
 cases of Dreaming. Many of the best cases of clair- 
 voyance, of which I ever had personal knowledge, 
 have been developed in a state of dreaming. \ 
 
 I>r earning, 
 
 5. The word dream is said to come from dormire, 
 to sleep, because it has been used to signify the 
 thoughts which occur during sleep. 
 
 " The vision said : and vanished from his sight, 
 The dreamer wakened in a mounful fright, 
 Then pulled his drowsy neighbor and declared, 
 What in his slumber he had seen and heard" 
 
 — Dryden. 
 
 * See Pathetism, Boston edition of 1847, p. 117. 
 f See Spiritual Philosopher, No. 2. 
 
DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS. 13 
 
 During ordinary sleep, when the mental organs 
 remain, or become more or less excited, it consti- 
 tutes dreaming, and the character of the dream is 
 determined by the organs of the mind which par- 
 ticipate in it.* Very many of the descriptions 
 given by persons in a state of Trance, amount to 
 nothing more nor less than what is common to 
 ordinary cases of dreaming. And, when the Trance 
 is artificially induced, the patient may be made to 
 dream in his normal sleep, by simply giving him 
 directions to do so. (11-i.) 
 
 Double Consciousness. 
 
 6. This term has been used to signify the case 
 of such persons, as spontaneously, or from exter- 
 nal influences, live, as it were, in two distinct Indi- 
 vidualities, so distinct, that when in one state they 
 have no recollection of the other. It is common 
 in cases of Somnambulism and Trance, and is one 
 of the most interesting and mysterious things 
 involved in the whole subject. It is manifestly 
 connected with the philosophy of Memory, and 
 which must be better understood before we can 
 attempt to account for it.f 
 
 Sometimes it has been called " Divided Con- 
 sciousness." If it is to be accounted for by sup- 
 posing that the two brains of the patient (as they 
 
 * For some original views as to the real nature of deep and 
 dreaming, see Pathetism (Boston, 1847,) pages 32, v T. 
 f Some new views of Memory will be found in the author's 
 
 larger work, " Pathetism" (184*7,) page 57. 
 
14 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 are double) are in two different states, one awake 
 and the other asleep, at the same time, this will 
 give an idea as to how Consciousness may be divi- 
 ded. But the truth is, we have cases of triple 
 Consciousness, or even quadruple ; that is, cases 
 where certain persons pass from one state to others, 
 and, when in one state, they have no memory of 
 either. This fact will enable us to account for the 
 way in which clairvoyants sometimes get know- 
 ledge of books and things. They may read a book 
 in one state, and in another state, when they do 
 not remember to have done so, they may give an 
 account of what they have read, without being 
 aware of the manner in which their information 
 was obtained. 
 
 Ec§ta§y. 
 
 7. Removed from its normal place. Thus, when 
 the soul is exalted in a state of Trance, or very much 
 excited with emotion, from whatever cause. It is 
 sometimes written extase or extasis, ex from, and 
 istasthai to place ; when the mind is unsettled, and 
 removed from its normal condition. 
 
 And whether that which we call extasy be not dream- 
 ing with the eyes open, I leave to be examined. * 
 Locke on Hum, Und. b. II". c. 19. 
 
 " This is the very coinage of your brain 
 This bodiless creation extasy is A'ery cunning in — 
 Ham. Extasy 1 - 
 
 My pnlse as yours doth temperately keep time, 
 And makes as healthful music." — Shakspeare. 
 
 Writers upon this subject have generally, agreed 
 
GHOST. 15 
 
 in using this term to designate the most exalted 
 state which the mind can reach, while in the body. 
 It is certain, that most of what are called the 
 " higher phenomena," such as clairvoj^ance, inter- 
 vision, prevision and intuition, occur in a state of 
 extase. Having myself seen very many cases, of 
 what were supposed to be the highest, I do not 
 hesitate to say, that they present some of the most 
 interesting phenomena, that ever attracted the at- 
 tention of human beings. To describe these states 
 is impossible. They must be witnessed to be appre- 
 ciated. It is common among the Eoman Catholics 
 and various other sects of Christians, and is often 
 brought on by religious excitement.* My own 
 mind was first impressed with a desire to study 
 the rationale of these nrysterious phenomena, by 
 witnessing the Trance, and cases of ecstasy which 
 occurred in " revivals of religion," and in congre- 
 gations where I was accustomed to preach, some 
 thirty years ago. (41.) 
 
 Ghost. 
 
 8. A word that maybe said to signif} r any thing 
 seen : a vision, a spirit^ who has left the human 
 body. It is nearly synonymous with apparition, 
 though more generally used to designate a spiritual 
 form : — 
 
 * See "Letter from the Earl of Shrew-! ury, D< BCii] 
 estatica of Caklara and Addolorata of Capri ana." New- York, 
 Coperly and Sons, 1S43. A Review of this pamphlet will be 
 found in Pathetism, ediiion of 1843, p. 1 
 
16 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 " The ghosts rejected are the unhappy crew ; 
 Deprived of sepulchres and funeral due, 
 The boatman, Charon, those the buried host 
 He ferries over to the further coast." 
 
 Dryden, Virg. JEn. b. VI. 
 
 Psychology easily accounts for many appear- 
 ances to which, this term has been applied, as we 
 know, that when the mind is abnormally excited, 
 it may see ghosts, or any thing else, which comes 
 within the range of the imagination. (72.) 
 
 I suppose the following account (published at 
 the time) gives a description of the first experiment 
 of this kind which was performed in a promiscu- 
 ous public assembly : 
 
 " Mr. Sunderland informed the audience that he would 
 induce that state of Mental Hallucination called * second 
 sight,' on a person in the waking condition. And sure 
 enough, the lady, with her eyes wide open, arose, and 
 stretched out her hands towards what she took to be her 
 deceased father ! And what was still more remarkable, if 
 possible, at this instant, another lady, who sat near, and 
 one who had never been mesmerized at all, gave a most 
 piercing shriek, declaring that she also saw the spirit of 
 her deceased sister ; and it was some minutes before Mr. 
 Sunderland succeeded in composing her mind/' — Provi- 
 dence Evening Chronicle, Oct. 21, 1843. 
 
 Hallucination. 
 
 9. A state of mind in which one errs, blunders, 
 and offends against the light of reason. 
 
 " Adorning richly, for the poet's sake, 
 Some poor hallucinating scribe's mistake." — Byrom. 
 
 And, is it a desirable condition of mind, for one 
 person to be so impressed, or controlled by another, 
 
 
HALLUCINATION. 17 
 
 that he cannot tell the difference between truth 
 and falsehood, between a walking-cane and a 
 snake ? 
 
 Perhaps, we have no word which more aptly 
 expresses a certain class of " experiments n on 
 persons in a " waking state," of which so much 
 has been made, during the last two years, than 
 this. All that has been done, under the new 
 terms (which the reader will find referred to in the 
 following pages) is included in the term hallucina- 
 tion, and, not unfrequently has it happened, that 
 the " lecturer," "Dr.," or "Prof.," as he styled 
 himself, has been as much hallucinated as any 
 one upon whom his influence was exerted.* 
 
 Such is the power of association, that, for a time, 
 those operated upon artificially, become really hal- 
 lucinated or insane. Instances have come under 
 my notice, where persons had been demented and 
 remained permanently insane by the process of 
 u Mesmerism."! Hallucination, whether sponta- 
 
 * ■ I would once more repeat that Animal Magnetism is not a play 
 thing, not a toy, not the amusement for an idle hour, not the moans 
 of gratifying a morbid craving for novelty or the marvelous. All 
 such uses of it I abjure, and protest against as abuses. Neither is 
 it a thing to be exhibited to gaping crowds for money ; to crowds 
 who stare and laugh, and go away thinking it very strange or very 
 funny. It is a serious subject, well worthy of the most earnest 
 and devout attention we can give it. It is painful to see it abused 
 to raise a laugh, and, so strongly do I feel this, that, for my own 
 share, I object to all exhibition of it, public or private, and only 
 admit an exception when the exhibitor is in earnest and his object is 
 to convince those who feel an equally sincere desire for the truth. 
 All exhibitions in which mere amusement is the object, tend to de- 
 grade science, and to retard its progress." — lh\ IT. fl rwy o ry, 
 ters on Ani)nal Mogjictism, p. *252. 
 
 \ More especially by processes under the name of ■ Electrical 
 Psychology," " Mental Alchemy," 6c. 
 
18 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 neons or artificially induced, is a state of tempo- 
 rary insanity* 
 
 Illusion. 
 
 10. This term, more than the preceding, refers 
 to the sense of sight, the other includes the state 
 of the whole mind, not one of its faculties merely* 
 
 Illusion, from illudere, to play or sport upon. 
 To cheat, deceive, beguile. A state of mind, in 
 which the patient is wholly or partially deceived 
 by false appearances. 
 
 " The wanton's charms, however bright, 
 Are like the false illusive light, 
 Whose flattering inauspicious blaze 
 To precipices oft betrays." — Thomson. 
 
 Such are the impressions made upon the mind 
 by artificial experiments, that the sense of sight is 
 either wholly suspended, or so perverted, that one 
 visible object is taken for another. 
 
 imagination. 
 
 11. That power of the human mind, by which 
 it forms to itself such conceptions, fancies, images, or 
 representations, as are falsely taken for realities. 
 Hence, we put it in the category of influences or 
 agencies which operate upon the nervous system, 
 and, powerful, indeed, it must be, when we know, 
 
 * " I entirely disapprove of causing violent passions or emotions ; 
 as 1 do also of all those in which strong and false impressions, espe- 
 cially of a disagreeable nature, are made on the mind. Such ex- 
 periments are not justifiable." — Dr. W. Gregory, Letters on Ani- 
 mal Magnetism, p. 106. 
 
MIRACLE. 19 
 
 that it has brought on every imaginable form of 
 
 disease, of fanaticism, and insanity ; and, even 
 
 death itself has been produced by it : — 
 
 " Lo, what a great thing- is affection, 
 Men may die of imagination, 
 So deep may impressions be taken.'' 
 
 — Id. Miller's Tale. 
 
 In using this term we should always bear in 
 mind that, while the fancy, or conception of the 
 mind may be false, and, therefore, merely in the 
 imagination, the change which that conception in- 
 duces in the nervous system, is not imaginary but 
 real, and it is the business of philosophy to explain 
 how this comes to pass. (62.) 
 
 Miracle. 
 
 12. Into the Theological sense in which this 
 term is used, it is not the object of this work to 
 enter. The proper signification of the word is, to 
 wonder, something wonderful, unusual, and beyond 
 the power of the spectators to comprehend. Such 
 things have happened in all ages of the world, 
 nor do they necessarily imply a suspension of any 
 of the laws of nature. That which is done, under 
 this name, must come to pass according to some 
 LAW, though we may not see, or know what that 
 law is. 
 
 In some religious sects besides the Papists and 
 Mormons, the belief prevails, at the present time, 
 in miracles wrought by supernatural power, or by 
 power which interrupts the laws of nature.* 
 
 * See " Discourse on Miracles wrought in the Roman Catholic 
 Church," 1676. And " The Book of Mormon." 
 
20 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Phantasy. 
 
 13. From a Greek word which signifies to shine, 
 
 to appear. That which merely appears to the mind, 
 
 not external, but an idea of something, which is 
 
 not real : — 
 
 " All the interim is 
 Like a phantom or a hideous dream. — Shakspeare. 
 
 It is a remarkable fact, that the descriptions which 
 Emanuel Swedenborg gives of phantasies produced . 
 by spirits acting upon one another, are identical 
 with the results produced by Pathetism, or so much 
 like them, that one might be taken for the other. 
 He says : 
 
 " There are spirits who induce such appearances by 
 phantasies, that they seem as if they were not. For ex- 
 ample : if anything is seen in the shade, or by moonlight, 
 or even in open day, if the object be in a dark place, those 
 spirits keep the mind of the beholder, fixedly and unceas- 
 ingly, in the thought of some particular thing, either of 
 an animal or a monster, or a forest, or some such thing ; 
 and so long as the mind is kept in this thought the phan- 
 tasy is increased, and that, to such a degree, that the per- 
 son is persuaded, and sees just as if the things were really 
 there, when, nevertheless, they are nothing but illusions. 
 Such occurrences take place with those who indulge much 
 in phantasies, and are in infirmity of mind, and hence 
 are rendered credulous. Such are visionaries." — A. % 
 1966. 
 
 Plirciiopatlty. 
 
 14. This term was first used in the author's work 
 on Pathetism, * to signify those experiments per- 
 
 * Edition pf 1843, p. 128. 
 
SOMNAMBULISM. 21 
 
 formed on the mind by placing the fingers on the 
 separate organs of the brains. From phrenis, mind, 
 and pascho, to feel, experience, be acted upon. 
 
 Second Sight. 
 
 15. A peculiar sense which some people seem to 
 possess of seeing persons and things that are not 
 present. It is said to have been quite common in 
 certain parts of Scotland, in Ireland, and many 
 other parts of the world. We may admit, that 
 much that has passed under this name is to be 
 traced to the excited cerebral system of the patient, 
 while perhaps there may have been cases where 
 spontaneous clairvoyance has been developed, so 
 as to give a sight of persons at a distance. It is a 
 common experiment in Pathetism, to so control the 
 patient's mind that he may have the most vivid 
 conceptions of persons that are not present at the 
 time. (8.) 
 
 This term is also applied to prevision, or the 
 sight, or perception of events before they come to 
 
 pass.* 
 
 Somnambulism. 
 
 16. This term properly signifies sleep-walking, 
 
 and should not therefore be applied to anything 
 else. It has, however, been improperly used to 
 designate a state of Trance, where there was no 
 muscular action at all. 
 
 ■ See Pathetism (1843, p. 191), and edition of 1S47, p. 109. 
 
22 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Somnipatliy. 
 
 17. Sympathetic sleep ; a state of Trance, super- 
 induced by sympathy, or by any given process 
 adopted for this purpose. So Somnipathist signi- 
 fies a person in that state. 
 
 Spectre. 
 
 18. The same as apparition ; the semblance or 
 appearance of one who is dead. 
 
 " The ghosts of traitors from the bridge descend, 
 With bold fantastic spectres to rejoice." — Dryden. 
 
 ^ysiBpatliy. 
 
 19. As this idea runs through the theory ex- 
 plained in this work, it will be well for the reader 
 to bear it constantly in mind. It is applied to 
 things as well as men; to causes and effects: — 
 
 (1.) In Natural Science it is used to signify the 
 tendency of one thing to act upon another. Thus 
 we say, there is a sympathy between the iron and 
 the loadstone. 
 
 (2.) In Medicine or i Pathology, it is said to be 
 sympathy when there is a " consent of parts," or a 
 correspondence of various organs in similar sensa- 
 tions or conditions. 
 
 (3.) An agreement in the affections, which makes 
 two persons agreed with each other. 
 
 (4.) Fellow-feeling for another in distress. 
 
TRANCE— AMULET. 23 
 
 Trance, 
 
 20. Supposed to come from a Latin word, signi- 
 fying a passing over, or beyond. A state in which 
 the spirit seems to have passed beyond all influ- 
 ences, through the external senses. It is said of 
 the apostle Peter, that 
 
 " He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened." — Acts 
 10: 10. 
 
 This is a much better term by which to signify 
 a certain state, than that of sleep, which has often 
 been used in its stead. The term sleep cannot 
 apply to any state in which the mind is perfectly 
 conscious, and carries on conversation with others, 
 as persons in the trance are known to do. 
 
 Thus far in respect to results. Now let us exam- 
 ine the terms used to designate the means, or causes 
 of their induction : 
 
 Amulet. 
 
 21. A name applied to stones, metals, plants or 
 any substance worn upon the neck or on the bod}^ 
 for guarding and preserving the wearer against 
 disease, witchcraft, and evils of .all kinds. (A, from, 
 and moles, a heap or mass.) To drive away, to 
 repel. Ancientty, in the days of ignorance, they 
 were common, as indeed they are now, among the 
 Arabs, the American Indians, Africans, 
 
 The phylacteries* of the Jews were worn for a 
 
 * Ex. 13: 9, 1C. 
 
24 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 similar purpose, as they are to the present day. 
 These were little boxes or rolls of parchment, 
 whereon were written certain words from their 
 sacred writings. 
 
 The " ear-rings" and " gods" which the patriarch 
 Jacob is said to have buried " under the oak by 
 Sachem,"* would seem to come under this head. 
 Josephus,t indeed, informs us that king Solomon 
 employed the aid of a " charm" or " spell" for the 
 purpose of assisting the virtues of a plant in the 
 cure of epilepsy. 
 
 All substances worn about the body for keeping 
 off disease, may be denominated Amulets. By the 
 Jews they were called Kamea, by the Greeks, Phy- 
 lacteries, by the Romans, Amuleta or Ligatura, b}" 
 the Papists, Agnus Dei, and by the nations of 
 Guinea, where they are still held in great venera- 
 tion, they are called Fetishes. Their use may be 
 traced back to the remotest and darkest periods of 
 antiquity. And yet many people of this enlight- 
 ened age do not seem to suspect how much they 
 also are contributing to that superstition upon 
 which the use of the Amulet has always depended. 
 Many such people will rub a wart with a white 
 bean, and then " throw the bean away over the 
 right shoulder;" they will wear a red cord around 
 the neck to prevent the nose from bleeding, or 
 " drink magnetized water," swallow " magnetized 
 medicines," " wear magnetic bands," and hold in 
 their hands the " magnetized coin." Such are 
 
 * Gen. 35: 4. f Lib - 8,cb.2, 5. 
 
 
AKIMAL MAGNETISM. 25 
 
 some of the new forms under which, the use of the 
 u Amulet" now obtains among those who do not 
 profess to have much faith in the old notions about 
 the power of " charms" and " spells." (93.) 
 
 Animal Magnetism. 
 
 22. This term was brought into notice by Mes- 
 mer, x and his pupil De Peysugur, in 1760 ; and its 
 use, to the exclusion of all other terms, has been 
 continued, generally, not only in France, but also 
 in Germany, and indeed throughout Europe. It 
 was first introduced in this country in 1836, by Dr. 
 Charles Poyen. What it means, may be seen from 
 the following definition, taken from Dr. Poyen's 
 book :* 
 
 " A state which is ordinarily produced in one individual 
 by the will of another, performing certain manual evolu- 
 tions for the purpose of causing it to take place."f 
 
 It should be constantly borne in mind, that what- 
 ever may be the term used, whether u Animal 
 Magnetism," or " Fascination," or "Charm," the 
 thing signified is one and the same, whether it be 
 used to designate the means or process used, or the 
 susceptibilities of the nervous system upon which the 
 influence is exerted. 
 
 * " Report on Magnetical Experiments," Ac. Boston, 1836, p. 6. 
 f Med. Die. Sciences, vol. 21. 
 
26 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Bewitch. 
 
 23. To enchant, to charm, to overpower by allure- 
 ment. This term is not always used in an evil 
 sense, though the term witchcraft is. 
 
 " Come, come away, frail, silly, fleshy wight, 
 Nor let vain words bewitch thy manly heart." 
 
 Spenser, Fairy Queen, b. i., c. 9. 
 
 " As for the term witch ov wizard, they signify no more 
 than a wise man or wise woman. In the word wizard it 
 is plain at the very first sight. The most plain deduction 
 of the name witch is from wit, as the noun wit is from 
 the verb weet, which is to know. But usage has now ap- 
 propriated this word to such a kind of skill and know- 
 ledge, as is out of the common road, or extraordinary. 
 Nor did this peculiarity imply any unlawfulness. But 
 there has since been a further restriction, and in which 
 alone now-a-days the words witch and wizard are used ; 
 and that is for one that has knowledge or skill, by virtue 
 of either an express or implicit sociation, or confederacy 
 with some evil spirit.^* 
 
 However much of that which has passed under 
 the name of witchcraft may be justly attributed to 
 ignorance, faith, fear, and superstition, it may readily 
 be admitted that evil spirits, out of the body, have 
 never been very common where there were not 
 " evil" or ignorant spirits in the body to believe, fear, 
 and act for them ; and that, as people become good 
 and intelligent, the disturbances known under this 
 name will necessarily disappear.! (76.) 
 
 * Dr. More, 1678. 
 
 f It is certain, that occurrences have taken place in various local- 
 ities throughout this country, within the last four years (previous to 
 
CHARM. 27 
 
 Charm 
 
 24. Supposed to come from carmen, a verse or 
 song, as it anciently signified a secret power, usually 
 exerted by singing or shouting. It is also applied 
 to certain substances, believed to have this power. 
 Eeferred to in the Bible, Jer. 8 : 17. 
 
 " Mine is the charm, whose mystic sway, 
 The spirits of past delight obey ; 
 Let but the tuneful talisman sound, 
 And they come, like genii, hovering round." 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Dr. A. Clark says* the term choher, which we 
 translate charmer, comes from a word that signifies 
 to join, to put together, i.e. certain unintelligible 
 words which formed the charm or spell. And he 
 adds : 
 
 " It is a fact, that cannot be disputed with any show 
 of reason, that, in ancient times, there were persons that 
 charmed, lulled to inactivity, or professed to charm, ser- 
 pents, so as to prevent them from biting.'' 
 
 1S52), which arc abundantly sufficient to confirm some of the old 
 notions as to the superhuman agency, in many developments, to 
 which the term witchcraft has been applied. I nwself have wit- 
 nessed thousands of them — results which could not be accounted 
 for by any of the known laws which appertain to this world. The 
 only consistent explanation of these strange things which I have yet 
 seen, is that which is given in the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, 
 especially in what he says about obsession. (See his Apoc /;>., 
 1182 ; Spin Diary, 1902 ; A. C. 5985, 59S6.) Whether these i\ 
 be precisely what they purport to be (spiritual), or not, the future 
 must determine. 
 
 * Com. on Ts., 58 : 4. 
 
28 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 See Eccles. 10 : 11. The prince of Eoman poets 
 
 states the fact : — 
 
 " In the meadows, the cold snake is burst by incantation." 
 Virg. JEcL 8 : ver. 71. 
 
 The same author (JEn. 7, ver. 750) gives us the 
 
 following account of the skill of Umbro, a priest 
 
 of the Marubians : — 
 
 " Umbro, the brave Marubian priest, was there, 
 Sent by the Marsian monarch to the war. 
 The smiling olive, with her verdant boughs, 
 Shades his bright helmet and adorns his brows. 
 His charms in peace the furious serpent keep, 
 And lull the envenomed viper's race to sleep : 
 His healing hand allay'd the raging pain, 
 And, at his touch, the poison fled again." — Pitt, 
 
 Allusions are often made to this power in the 
 
 classics. It is not improbable but that Middleton 
 
 referred to it in the following passage, two hundred 
 
 years ago : — 
 
 " I'll imitate the pities of old surgeons 
 To this lost limb, who, ere they show their art. 
 Cast one asleep, — then cut the diseased part."* 
 
 Indeed, the "charm" is retained in various forms 
 to the present day, in many parts of Christendom, 
 and used for curing burns, Jits, &c. I knew a 
 Methodist clergymanf who acquired a high cele- 
 brity by his skill in its use. 
 
 Enchant, Enchantment. 
 
 25. Enchantment (from in and cantare), to sing 
 a magic song, and thus to enrapture, to overpower 
 
 * Tragedy of * Beware of Women," published in 1657. 
 t Rev. B. Hibbard. 
 
FASCINATION — INCANTATION. 29 
 
 with delight, so as to stun the faculties of the mind, 
 and deprive them of their power of action. 
 
 " In such a night, 
 Medea gathered the enchanted herbs, 
 Which did renew old iEson." — Shakspeare. 
 
 Fascination. 
 
 26. To charm, enchant, or bewitch by the eyes, 
 to " eye bite." From Fascia, a band, or banded, 
 swathed. 
 
 " The Triballians and Illyrians, who with their very 
 eyesight can witch, yea, and kill those whom they look 
 wistly upon any long time." — Holland, Pliny I., 155. 
 
 Incantation. 
 
 27. Magical songs ; in and canto, to sing ; be- 
 cause this power was exercised usually by repeat- 
 ing or singing verses. 
 
 " The gothic Runers, to gain and establish the credit 
 and admiration of their rhymes, turned the use of them 
 very much to incantations and charms." — Sir W. Tern- 
 pie, of Poetry. 
 
 Magic. 
 
 28. This term originated probably among the 
 Persians, as magi was used to signify philosophers, 
 or great men, priests, or those learned in the "Black 
 Art," or the science of producing wonderful effects 
 by the (pretended) power of departed spirits. It 
 is applied to various things used as instruments, as 
 the "Magic wand," the "Magic square," "Magic 
 art," &c. 
 
SO BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Mesmerism. 
 
 29, Generally used to signify precisely the same 
 thing as Animal Magnetism, though not always. 
 
 It is not much in use anywhere except in Eng- 
 land ; and, in this country, only in a technical sense, 
 to distinguish one process of operating from an- 
 other. In all that was known under either of these 
 terms, nothing was ever done without the " will" 
 and " motions made with the hands." The pro- 
 cesses of " Animal Magnetism," or " Mesmerism,"* 
 are as follows : 
 
 Sit down in front of your patient. Take his 
 hands in yours, or seize his thumbs so as to bring 
 the balls of both your thumbs in contact with his. 
 Fix your eyes upon his, and make a strong effort of 
 your will for him to sink into a state of trance. 
 After you have continued this process for ten or 
 fifteen minutes, raise your hands, and pass them 
 
 * " Mesmer (from whom the above term had its origin), although 
 educated and degreed as a talented physician of Switzerland, was 
 too fond of the marvelous to conduct himself like a free and un- 
 mysterious demonstrator of science. He no sooner discovered his 
 ability to produce many physiological effects by the manipulations, 
 than he began to be lugubrious and very mysterious in his deport- 
 ment. And when, in 1777, he introduced himself to the best socie- 
 ty, both literary and scientific, which lie could find in Paris, he still 
 carried about with him that imposing and wizard-like air which is 
 frequently exhibited in the so called evangelical orders of moral 
 teachers. He made a great secret (like some of our modern biolo- 
 gists and psychologists) of the magnetic influence, thus exciting a 
 love of the marvelous in his followers, and charging them each one 
 hundred louis for simply informing them how to operate. His 
 method savored strongly of imposition. In fact, Mesmer converted 
 much of a sublime discovery into mere nonsense and quackery." — 
 A. J. Davis, Great Har., vol. 3, p. 272. 
 
PHILTERS — RELICS — SPELLS. 31 
 
 gently down each side of his head, over his shoul- 
 ders, down his arms, and carry them off at the ends 
 of his fingers. ' Continue these passes for half an 
 hour or more. 
 
 To release or " wake up" the patient, reverse the 
 passes up his arms, and over his head, extending 
 your hands outwardly each time. Continue till the 
 patient is completely restored, making an effort 
 with your will at the same time. 
 
 Philters. 
 
 30. From phileo, to love. A potion supposed to 
 have the power, when swallowed, of exciting love. 
 To impregnate with a charm, to excite love. 
 
 Relics. 
 
 31. A term applied to the remains of dead bo- 
 dies, old clothes, bones, &c. &c. Among the Ro- 
 man Catholics, such things are preserved with 
 great veneration, and often believed to have extra- 
 ordinary power in curing diseases and working 
 miracles. It is from the same laws of association, 
 that the hair, garments, furniture, finger-rings, and 
 portraits of deceased persons are preserved, with 
 so much care. 
 
 Spells. 
 
 32. From the Saxon, spel, a story, magic charm 
 or song ; and hence comes the term gospel^ from 
 
32 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 God, or good, and spel, a history or narrative ;* a 
 good narrative. The term is used by Milton : — 
 
 " Begin, begin, the mystic spell, prepare ; r ' 
 
 and by Shakspeare : — 
 
 " Start not, her actions shall be holy, 
 You hear my spell is lawful." 
 
 Talisman. 
 
 S3. We are told that the Talisman originated 
 among the Chaldeans, as indeed, we may trace the 
 rise of this and similar terms to very remote pe- 
 riods of antiquity, — among the Chaldeans and the 
 Persians. The word is from teleo, to terminate, 
 and has a similar signification to Amulet, though 
 the thing itself would seem to be a little more com- 
 plicated. The talisman was, generally, a small 
 image, cut out of stone, or any metalic substance. f 
 
 * See Dr. A. Clark's Commentary on Matthew, p. 19, and Web- 
 ster's Dictionary on this word. 
 
 f Louis Napoleon, President of France, is said to have in his pos- 
 session the talisman or charm which was constantly worn by 
 Charlemagne, and which was found suspended from the neck of the 
 Emperor in the opening of the sepulchre in 1166. It was presented 
 to Napoleon by the clergy of Aix la Chapelle, and on his death 
 passed to the present Napoleon. The talisman is one of fine gold, 
 of round form, set with gems, and in the centre are two rough 
 sapphires, a portion of the Holy Cross, besides other relics brought 
 from Palestine. The history of this relic is, that it was presented 
 to Charlemagne by Haroun al Baschip, in the year 797, with several 
 relics of kindred value ; the latter are shown at Aix la Chapelle to 
 the present day ; but the talisman was buried with Charlemagne, 
 by whom it had been worn till his death in 714. 
 
 I have now lying before me, what I suppose to be a number of 
 
TALISMAN. 83 
 
 On it were carved numerous mysterious figures, 
 which were said to be cut under a certain configu- 
 ration of the planets, and which were believed to 
 be powerfully efficacious, not only in averting dis- 
 eases and various evils, but, also, in making known 
 what appertained to the future. That talismans, or 
 something of the kind were used among the Jews 
 anciently, is manifest from their sacred writings. 
 Thus, it is said, that Eachel " stole the images 
 (margin reads, teraphim) that were her father's. 7 '* 
 These " images," Laban calls his "gods." Nor is 
 it improbable but that the " TJrim and TJiummim," 
 which the Jewish High Priest was directed to dis- 
 play upon his breast, was something of the talis- 
 manic kind.f That the Urim and Thummim was 
 consulted for similar purposes to that for which 
 the Chaldean Talisman was used, is certain.^ 
 
 Such, then, are the terms which have from im- 
 memorial time come into use, when speaking of 
 impressions made upon the mind, or upon the nerv- 
 ous system, by things (real or imaginary) applied 
 to the external senses. The means, being diver- 
 sified, were designated, as a matter of course, by 
 different terms ; but the Philosophy by which the 
 results were induced, the rationale of Nervous In- 
 
 Egyptian talismans, far more interesting to the antiquarian, even 
 than that of Charlemagne. They are from one of the pyramids, 
 and made of copper, about three inches long, and shaped very much 
 like a sarcophagus. They were procured in Egypt, and presented 
 to me by Mr. John C. Hayden, of Stoneham, Massachusetts. 
 
 * Gen. 31 : 19. \ Exod. 28 : 30. \ See " Demonologia," London, 
 1831, p. 101. 
 
34: BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 duction, not being understood, no appropriate term 
 seems to have been suggested for designating it. 
 The ever varying susceptibilities of the nervous 
 system are such, that, operated upon now by one 
 process, (charm) and now by another, (Mesmerism) 
 it becomes an easy matter for uninformed persons 
 to imagine, that they have made a new discovery, 
 when, in fact, they have merely made a change in 
 the method of operating. 
 
 Marvelousness. 
 
 34. There is in Human Nature an inherent love 
 of the marvelous. And cupidity may, and doubt- 
 less has, often tempted to the adoption of new 
 names for old ideas, which have been put into new 
 shapes, for the purpose of exciting curiosity, which 
 people will always be willing to pay more or less 
 for having gratified.* 
 
 * Among the many truthful and beautiful things written by Mr. 
 Andrew J. Davis, "the Poughkeepsie Seer and Clairvoyant," is 
 that classification he has made of the persons who attempt to inter- 
 est public attention as " Professors," " Doctors," and " Lecturers," 
 on " Electrical Psychology " " Electro-Biology" " Mental Alchemy," 
 " Mesmerism," or under whatever name, new or old, the subject 
 may be presented. He says : — 
 
 " A few words by way of classifying belie vers and operators. These 
 are of three classes. The first class are mercenary practitioners, who 
 commit to memory a few fragmentary facts in science, who claim 
 extraordinary or supernatural powers for their subjects, — who give 
 public and vulgar exhibitions, — who employ chicanery and ignoble 
 plans, — who trifle with, and play fantastic tricks with their subjects, 
 — and who injure the truth, by producing these three effects, Super- 
 stition., Skepticism, Disgust. 
 
 " The second class, are doctrinal practitioners, who pervert and 
 misinterpret principles and results, — who labor to make the pheno- 
 mena subservient to and illustrative of theological dogmas, who re- 
 
SPONTANEOUS — SUGGESTIVE, ETC. 35 
 
 Spontaneous, Suggestive, Volitional. 
 
 These ferrns are sufficiently comprehensive to 
 include all the Nervous or Mental Phenomena 
 which come within the purview of our present 
 undertaking. They will include all described in 
 the preceding pages, if not all (if there be any 
 others) that could be designated by any other 
 terms. Thus : 
 
 35. — 1. Spontaneous. Such as are Idiopathic, 
 and come on from the Idiosyncrasy of the patient. 
 Indeed, by whatever cause, internal or external, 
 they may be developed, they depend, first and last, 
 upon the temperament of the patient. 
 
 36. — 2. Suggestive. This may include all that are 
 superinduced through either of the external senses, 
 Hearing, Sight, and Feeling ; whether by physical 
 substances applied to the patient's body, or an idea 
 addressed to his mind. 
 
 37. — 3. Volitional. Effects cannot be induced by 
 the mere will of one person, acting on another, till 
 a relation has been established between the two by 
 Suggestion. Certain changes may be developed by 
 one's own will, or by the will of another, after the 
 
 ceive, modify, or reject, as sectarian education may sanction ; — who 
 conceal, misstate, and magnify disclosures; and w ho retard the pro- 
 gress of truth by producing these three eli'ects, Credulity, Distrust^ 
 Enthusiasm. 
 
 The third class are free^ firm^ fearless advocates of truth, who search 
 into, and look facts m the face ; who investigate deeply and declare 
 their impartial convictions ; who are swa\ed by DO trivial experiments, 
 who collect and arrange facts, and declare a consistent and harmoni- 
 ous system, and who accelerate the progress of truth by producing 
 these three eilects, JSeasot^ Respect and Inquiry? — ihii\rc<xium\ 
 Vol. 1, /'. 8. 
 
36 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 .spheres of the two have been sufficently assimilated. 
 But observe, that the Spontaneous Phenomena de- 
 pend upon the Idiosyncrasy of the patient, and the 
 Suggestive depend "upon his Idiopathy, and the 
 Volitional upon the Suggestive; or we may say, 
 that this is the order in which these classes of 
 results follow one another.* 
 
 Electricity. 
 
 38. Valid objections have often been urged against 
 the use of the term electricity, when speaking of the 
 Human Mind, or Spirit. The three kingdoms of 
 the Universe are discreet and so distinct, one rising 
 above the other, that the terms which designate 
 the laws of one below, cannot justly be applied to 
 another above. The term "electrical" belongs to 
 the Mineral kingdom, which is angular. Mental 
 laws are far above the earth ; and hence to apply 
 this term to the higher faculties of man's nature, 
 is the same as if we were to say " earthly Psychol- 
 ogy," or " mineral soul," " earthly life," &c. 
 
 Higher authority, perhaps, could not be quoted, 
 on the use of terms, when speaking on this subject, 
 than that of Dr. William Gregory, Professor of 
 
 * It seems to me that there has been a manifest want of philoso- 
 phical accuracy in the language which even some scientific writers 
 have used when speaking on this subject. Thus Dr. Gregory 
 (Letters on Animal Magnetism, page 67) says: 
 
 " All the facts of Animal Magnetism may be produced by the silent 
 VjiU, and in absence or at a distance." 
 
 No results whatever can be induced by the " silent will,* without 
 first addressing the external senses. 
 
ELECTRICITY. 37 
 
 Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh. He 
 says : 
 
 " Ulcctro-hiohgy and electro-psychology, both are used 
 on the assumption, now generally regarded as fallacious, 
 that that which we call life, and thought, mind, soul, are 
 essentially electrical, or depend upon electricity as one of 
 their conditions. Now, although it may have been proved 
 that electric currents do take place in the body during mus- 
 cular action, yet there are many points which electricity 
 cannot clear up ; the analogies are partial only, and the 
 presence of electrical currents does not prove these to be 
 the causes of muscular action. They may be its effects.* 
 
 The remark has often been made, that when 
 mortals meet with phenomena that they cannot 
 account for, they must, of course, attribute them 
 to "electricity," for the very conclusive reason that 
 they do not know what electricity is.f 
 
 However, if we may rely upon the researches of 
 the most scientific and able minds that have ever 
 devoted their energies to the investigation of this 
 subject, then we may conclude with Prof. Harrison : 
 
 * Letters on Animal Magnetism, p. 151. And, as to " biologized," 
 Dr. Gregory remarks, " It is a most barbarous expression, which I 
 only use in order to protest against it." — lb. p. 160. 
 
 f The term " Mental Alchemy" is, if possible, still lower and 
 more objectionable than either of its predecessors. Strictly speak- 
 ing, there never was any kind of "Alchemy" but "Mental,'' and 
 " Alchemy" is but another word for mere pretension, for that which 
 is deceptive and chimerical : 
 
 u Alchemy. The pretended art of the transmutation of metals." — 
 Webster. 
 
 " The science, if it deserves to be distinguished by the name of 
 Alchemy, lias doubtless been an imposition, which, striking on the 
 feeblest part of the human miiul, has so frequently been successful 
 in carrying on its delusions" — Expose of Ancient and Modern S 
 stition, p. 73. 
 
88 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 " 1. That the existence of electrical currents in the 
 nerves, is an hypothesis contradicted by experiment. 
 
 "2. The action of electric currents on the nerves should 
 be put in the same category with chemical and mechan- 
 ical stimuli. 
 
 " 3. Metals are infinitely better conductors of electricity 
 than the nerves. 
 
 " 4. The nerves are not better conductors than the 
 muscles : their powers of conduction do not change when 
 they are changed by mechanical violence (though nar- 
 cotics, as laudanum, instantly render the nerves power- 
 less.) 
 
 " 5. The covering of the nerves is incapable of iso- 
 lating the most feeble electric currents which man pro- 
 duces in galvanic experiments, so that, if the muscle 
 intervene, the current will pass from the nerve into it."* 
 
 If then, neither Science nor Philosophy autho- 
 rize the application of this term to the nervous 
 action, how much more inappropriate must be its 
 use for designating the laws of the human mind.f 
 The term we want for designating the whole sub- 
 ject including the Idiopathic, Suggestive, and Voli- 
 tional, or artificial nervous phenomena, is not one 
 that belongs to any one person, as if the influence 
 we speak of had originated with Mesmer, or was 
 confined to one man ; not a term which has been 
 already appropriated to other departments of natu- 
 ral science, but one which, though not entirely 
 original, yet is so much so as to be sufficiently spe- 
 cific, and at the same time partaking, so much 
 
 * " Essay Towards a Correct Theory of the Nervous System,'' 
 p. 168. 
 
 \ And the addition of " Animal," making it " Animal Magnet- 
 ism," is more objectionable still ; unless we wish to speak of man as 
 a mere animal, or beast. 
 
PATHETISM. 39 
 
 of the Human, that it always must be understood 
 as carrying in its meaning that which appertains 
 to the nervous systems of human beings; that 
 which has respect to intelligence, to mental or spir- 
 itual manifestations. 
 
 Patlictisiu. 
 
 39. From Ilao-^w, pascho, to experience, be affected 
 with any thing, good or bad; to suffer, to feel, to 
 be disposed or affected in a particular manner towards 
 another, or by any event. And from the same root, 
 YlaQoa, joatkos, passion, affection, that which is suffered ; 
 love, kindness, a disease, a mental perturbation, a 
 passive state of the mind or the body ; a condition, 
 a disposition ; and from which we have apathy, Idi- 
 opathy, Sympathy, pathetic, Pathology, Homcepathy, 
 Hydropathy, and Pathetism. 
 
 It is certainly desirable, when speaking of new 
 ideas or things, to use terms the most expressive of 
 their real nature and laws. In examining Nervous 
 Phenomena, whether spontaneous or artificial, three 
 questions present themselves for an answer : 
 
 1. As to the Idiosyncracy, the quality, or suscejiti- 
 hility of the body or mind, which rendered it liable 
 to the change. 
 
 2. As to the Idiopathic Motion, which was the 
 immediate cause of the nervous change that has 
 been induced. And, 
 
 3. As to the Extrinsic Motion, Law, L 
 Association, or Suggestion, which was the remote 
 cause of the developed Phenomena. 
 
40 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 We say the one who receives an impression is 
 passive; the agent or thing by which, or the person 
 by whom it is given, is active, and whatever the 
 result is, in all cases it may be said to partake of 
 the nature of sympathy, either mental or physical, 
 inasmuch as a sympathetic result is one produced 
 by association. One person is affected by his asso- 
 ciation with, or knowledge or belief of, another. 
 Hence, I use a similar term, Pathetism, to signify , 
 the Philosophy of Influences, in, or upon, the 
 Human Mind ; not merely the susceptibilities of 
 one who is influenced, but the sphere or qualities 
 of the agent from whom the influence is received ; 
 so that whatever emotion, volition or action is pro- 
 duced, this term signifies the rationale of its induc- 
 tion. Pathetism, therefore, is the term for signifying 
 the rationale of abnormal, induced, or artificial 
 nervous phenomena, by whatever means they may 
 be produced, or whatever the state, (awake or 
 asleep) the patient may be in, when they are 
 brought about. And as it seems to be more ap- 
 propriate than any other, and has, to some consid- 
 erable extent, been adopted by others, and is 
 generally understood,' 55 ' it may not be improper for 
 me to continue its use, at least, till a better one 
 shall have been suggested. The phenomena which 
 gave rise to it, and the philosophy which they 
 seem to illustrate, will each be duly considered in 
 their appropriate order. 
 
 * See the American Dictionary, on the word, and its derivations. 
 
41 
 
 HISTOEICAL. 
 
 40. Allusions have often been made, in my pub- 
 lic Lectures throughout the country, and also in 
 the accounts that have been published of them, to 
 the strange results which took place under my 
 Theological discourses, some thirty years ago.* 
 And, though I know that similar phenomena have, 
 in past ages, accompanied what were denominated 
 "Kevivals of Keligion," yet, I am not aware that 
 any one connected with the clerical profession, 
 ever before attempted to account for these things, 
 on pure pyschological principles; or to deduce 
 from them such a knowledge of the Laws of Mind 
 as promises to subserve the cause which all good 
 people have at heart. Certainly, no clergyman 
 has attempted this, who, himself, was in the habit 
 of inducing these results. 
 
 * "June 9, 1823. — La Roy Sunderland made his first attempt in 
 "Walpole, Mass. Before the close of his address, some dozen or 
 more of his audience were under the influence of Fascination, and 
 had entirely lost their self-control and strength. Similar mysterious 
 results followed in other places, so that it was common for large 
 numbers of his audience to become entranced while he was address- 
 ing them, of which, however, after their recovery, they would often 
 have no recollection whatever ! These phenomena, produced thus 
 early in his career as a public speaker, seem to have put Mr. Sun- 
 derland upon that course of investigation into the Lavs of Mind 
 which resulted in the New Theory of Human Nature he has 
 since published to the world under the name of PathetUm. One 
 fact must be admitted, that history i^ives us no account of the 
 man who has equalled La Roy Sunderland in the power of Fas- 
 cination exercised over a promiscuous audience, by which more 
 or less of them are drawn from their seats, at the will of the 
 speaker." — Boston Weekly Museum, July 21, 1849. 
 
42 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 A few of them may now be classified, to enable 
 the reader to judge, accurately, of the causes by 
 which they may have been brought about. It must 
 be borne in mind, that what I am now about to 
 describe could not have been caused by any will 
 or design on my part, because I had no will in the 
 premises. My object or " will " was to give infor- 
 mation on the subject of Eeligion, and what I 
 said was usually addressed to the Faculties of 
 Fear or Caution, Conscientiousness and Hope. The 
 effects produced by my public addresses, on the 
 nervous systems of my auditors, were as unex- 
 pected and surprising to me, as they could have 
 been to any one else. 
 
 Religious Phenomena. 
 
 41. Without attempting the details of particu- 
 lar cases, the following classifications of the pheno- 
 mena will, perhaps, be sufficient : — 
 
 (1.) Rigidity of the muscles, or paralysis of the 
 limbs. The first sermon I ever delivered, was to 
 a small audience, and nearly half of whom were 
 affected in this way. Their limbs became cold 
 and rigid, so that for an hour or so, they were 
 unable to leave their seats. Very many curious 
 cases of this kind have occurred under my preach- 
 ing. In meetings I held in Dennis, Massachusetts, 
 in the Spring of 1824, I had more than twenty 
 strong, able-bodied men, affected in this way. Two 
 young men, by the name of Crowell, had attended 
 a meeting I held in the afternoon, in which they 
 neither felt nor manifested any apparent concern 
 
RELIGIOUS PHENOMENA. 43 
 
 at all. From the place of meeting they went to 
 their shop to resume their work. They were 
 shoemakers. On seating themselves, they were 
 both struck perfectly stiff, as if paralyzed by cata- 
 lepsy. I was immediately summoned to the 
 shop to see them. I found them with their work 
 in their laps, their tools in their hands, and sitting 
 in a stooping posture, unable to stir. Their limbs 
 were rigid, and they grasped their tools, which they 
 held in their hands, with such force, that they 
 could not be taken from them. During this time, 
 another man came into the shop to see what was 
 going on, (as the young men. made a great outcry) 
 and he fell against the side of the shop, with con- 
 siderable force, as if thrown down by some invisi- 
 ble power. 
 
 Out of the whole number in Dennis affected in 
 this way, there was but one woman. She became 
 so excited, that one Sunday morning she went and 
 stood in front of the " Orthodox Church," and with 
 great zeal addressed the people (as they were en- 
 tering the church) on the subject of religion. She 
 was a modest, unassuming lady, and but for the 
 abnormal excitement which she sympathetically took 
 from the scenes she had witnessed in my meetings, 
 she could not have been induced to expose herself 
 in that manner. 
 
 (2.) Syncope, or " loss of strength," as it was 
 called. While proceeding with my discours 
 numbers would fall from their seats, perfectly I 
 less. In such cases they were said to "lose their 
 strength." They were conscious, and in this state, 
 
44 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 while excited with the most intense emotions of 
 hope or fear, I have known them to remain for 
 hours. A Capt. C, in Dennis, Mass. (March 17, 
 1824), in his own house, where I was invited by 
 him to preach, fell upon the floor, from which he 
 was unable to rise for the space of about ten 
 hours. I have seen multitudes of people affected 
 in this manner. 
 
 (3.) Entranced. Under religious excitement, I 
 have seen large numbers of people entranced, and 
 the trance carried even to the highest degrees of 
 ecstasy. And what is worthy of notice here, is, I 
 have invariably found that those who were the 
 most liable to sink into this state under what is 
 called " religious" influences, are the most suscep- 
 tible to its induction from Pathetism, or any other 
 cause. 
 
 The first experiments in what was called "Mes- 
 merism," that I ever witnessed, were at my own 
 house (131 Varick-street, New York), in the year 
 1839, and they were performed by the Eev. Charles 
 S. M'Eeading, on his own wife. ISP* And this 
 very lady, Mrs. M' Reading, was entranced under a 
 discourse which 1 delivered in the Methodist Church, in 
 JScituate, Mass., in the year 1824. At that time her 
 limbs became rigid, and she was transfixed to her seat, 
 so that she could not leave the house ; and the 
 audience retired and left her under the spell that I 
 had fixed upon her. 
 
 I have the unanimous testimony of very many 
 persons whom I have entranced (who had fallen 
 
RELIGIOUS PHENOMENA. 45 
 
 into that state from religious excitement), that it 
 is the same state, and always more or less pleasant 
 when the persons, or associations are so, by which 
 it is brought on. 
 
 (4.) Visions. The history of all " powerful revi- 
 vals" (so called) will afford more or less cases 
 where persons, under a very exciting sermon, have 
 been known to fall into a state in which they had 
 visions of " heaven and hell," of " Christ on the 
 Cross," and of departed spirits. 
 
 A sailor, in South Yarmouth, Mass. (1824), who 
 had attended my meeting, took me the next day to 
 the place where he had actually seen the devil, and 
 showed me the ground that had been torn up, 
 where he had engaged in a combat with him. An- 
 other man (Mr. Barstow), in Barnstable, Mass., 
 about the same time, after attending my meeting, 
 went home, and soon the devil approached his bed- 
 side, with a mitre upon his head. At other times 
 recent "converts" have been transported with 
 visions of the blest and beautiful, exceeding the 
 power of language to describe. Nay, I have known 
 them sometimes to become clairvoyant, and to give 
 an accurate description of the character of persons 
 who happened to approach them.* At times these 
 peculiar states lasted twenty-four hours, and even 
 for a number of days. 
 
 (5.) Persons were effected whom I never saw, 
 even before they had seen me. At the time I was 
 preaching in Dennis, Mass., above referred to, there 
 
 * See Pathetism (181o),p. 181. 
 
46 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 were two men out on a hunting excursion. Hear- 
 ing that I was to preach in their place on a certain 
 evening (March 15, 1824), they hastened home, 
 threw their guns upon the floor, and ere they 
 reached the school-house, in which the meeting 
 was held, they were so much affected that they 
 cried aloud. They came into the house where I 
 was, and continued during the whole evening under 
 the most violent excitement. 
 
 (6.) All these results came to pass without any 
 will or design on my part. August 30, 1823, I 
 preached in Chatham, Mass. Before I had pro- 
 ceeded fifteen minutes, some thirty or more of my 
 audience had "lost their strength," and were over- 
 whelmed with excitement. In the evening of the 
 same day, at the house of Mr. Eeuben Eider, sim- 
 ilar results followed. Indeed, almost as soon as I 
 had uttered a word, a number were " struck down" 
 upon the floor (as the phrase was), and lay there 
 till two or three o'clock the next morning. 
 
 Such were the results that followed my public 
 labors in Dorchester, Mass., in 1825 ; Saugus and 
 Boston, Mass., in 1826 ; and in various other places 
 throughout the New England States from that time 
 to the present ; so that I may safely say, that tens 
 of thousands of persons have, from first to last, 
 been "fascinated" " impressed," or entranced, in my 
 public lectures previous to 1843 ; during all that 
 time I was (in some sense), unconsciously to my- 
 self, yet nevertheless performing what were really 
 li experiments" upon the nervous systems of my 
 
IDENTITY OF KESULTS. 47 
 
 auditors ; but, like the multitudes who have since 
 operated under the name of " Mesmerism," &c., I 
 did not fully comprehend how the strange results 
 were brought about. True, they were often with 
 me a subject of serious investigation, but my mind 
 was more or less unsettled in regard to them till 
 the year 1834, when I read an "Essay upon the 
 Influence of Imagination on the Nervous System 
 contributing to a False Hope in Eeligion. By Eev. 
 Grant Powers."* 
 
 Identity of Results. 
 
 42. Witnessing the strange phenomena above 
 described, in every variety of form, for the space 
 of twenty years, and before I had even heard of 
 the term "Mesmerism," or "Animal Magnetism," 
 it must be obvious how much they prepared my 
 mind to perceive their identity with those brought 
 about by the processes which I afterwards learned 
 to be known under these terms. When, therefore, 
 in 1841, I commenced a series of experiments, for 
 the purpose of ascertaining, if possible, the truth 
 in respect to the theories known under these terms, 
 I soon satisfied myself that they were not wholly 
 true, and hence I rejected them, together with the 
 processes by which the " Mesmerizers," so called, 
 had induced their results. I, of course, felt no 
 need of the "passes" and "efforts" by the "will,'' 
 as I had been in the habit of inducing those very 
 results long before without any " passes," or any 
 
 * Andovcr, Mass.: Flagg & Goukl. 1S2S. 
 
48 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 specific efforts by the will. And hence it was that 
 I hit upon what I still suppose to be the true phi- 
 losophy of the phenomena now under notice. 
 
 Professional Experiments in 1§41. 
 
 43. I have already stated that the very first ex- 
 periment I ever saw, by the peculiar process of 
 u Mesmerism," (in 1839,) happened to be performed 
 on a lady who had been entranced and paralyzed 
 under a sermon of mine in 1824. In 1841, I com- 
 menced a series of experiments, in connection with 
 a number of scientific gentlemen, in the " New 
 York Museum," then under the charge of Mr. 
 Peale. Wishing for assistance, and to be more 
 secluded in my investigations, I invited the late 
 Dr. Henry H. Sherwood, and Mr. O. S. Fowler, 
 the Phrenologist, to join me in the investigation. 
 The experiments were witnessed by a large number 
 of scientific and professional gentlemen in New 
 York and vicinity, during the summer and fall of 
 that year, among whom were Dr. Griscom, Dr. A. 
 Ball, Prof. Charles A. Lee, and others. The fol- 
 lowing are from other similar testimonies, pub- 
 lished of those experiments, at the time : — 
 
 " The subscribers have been present and witnessed nu- 
 merous cerebral experiments performed by La Roy Sun- 
 derland, by which various phenomena were produced in 
 the mental exercises of the patient, such as Sleepwaking, 
 Laughing, Singing ; and the states of mind resembling 
 Madness, Monomania, Insanity, <fcc, were brought on and 
 removed in a few seconds of time. In our opinion, these 
 phenomena were brought about by the application of laws 
 
THE OBJECT — FACILITIES. 49 
 
 to the human system which have not been well understood 
 
 heretofore, and which have not received that attention 
 which the importance of the subject would seem to de- 
 mand. II. II. Sherwood, M.D., Rev. Isaac Covert, Rev. 
 J. H. Marty n, O. S. Fowler, Prof. E. Wright, Daniel L. 
 M. Peixetto, M.D., Ex-President of the N. Y. Medical 
 Society. — New York, March 2, 1842." 
 
 " The new discoveries in Psychology, which Mr. Sun- ' 
 derland proposes to unfold, are indeed of the most aston- 
 ishing character, and, substantiated, will place Pathetism, 
 among the most important of the positive sciences. We 
 know LaRoy Sunderland ; and we can say, with the 
 utmost confidence, that neither his integrity nor sagacity 
 will be questioned by any who enjoy his acquaintance." — 
 New York Tribune, February 23, 1842. 
 
 Concerning the series of experiments which I 
 carried on for some two years even before I com- 
 menced my professional labors of lecturing, it may 
 be necessary to state somewhat more distinctly. 
 
 The Object. 
 
 -44:. (1.) That they were commenced and con- 
 tinued at considerable expense, for the sole pur- 
 poses of scientific inquiry. And, indeed, a similar 
 remark may be made of all my experiments per- 
 formed during the last twelve years. One, all-per- 
 vading design, through the whole, has been to find 
 out the Truth in respect to the human mind. 
 
 Facilities. 
 
 45. (2.) During this time I have had unusual fa- 
 cilities lor testing the influence of minerals over the 
 
50 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 nervous system.* Dr. H. H. Sherwood, of New 
 York, with whom I was associated for some three 
 years in these experiments, was himself, it may be 
 said, perhaps almost, if not quite, at the head of 
 the profession in his knowledge of what Dr. Fara- 
 day calls Para-Magnetism (Magnetism of Metals), 
 'and Dia-Magnetism (Magnetism of other bodies), 
 Electro-Magnetism, and Electricity in its various 
 forms. 
 
 Details of my Experiments. 
 
 46. (3.) The details of these experiments were 
 published at the time in the papers of the day, and 
 especially in the one of which I was then proprie- 
 tor and editor,! and also in other works which I 
 have since published on the subject, so that it is 
 not necessary that an account of them should be 
 repeated here.:}: 
 
 * " The subscribers hereby certify, that we have witnessed numer- 
 ous magnetic experiments made by Rev. LaRoy Sunderland, in 
 some of which the mental faculties were excited to action by placing 
 the fingers over the location 1 of the phrenological organs correspond- 
 ing to these faculties ; in others, the power of a steel magnet over 
 the human body in a very remarkable degree, was shown ; — that 
 we have carefully examined these experiments, and firmly believe, 
 both from the mode in which they were conducted, and from the 
 candid manner in which they were shown by Mr. Sunderland, that 
 in many of them there could be no collusion ; and that the result in 
 some was evidently as unexpected by the operator as any person 
 present— Flatbush, JV. Z, Hay 14, 1842. Rev. Thomas M. Strong; 
 James E. Dubois, M.D., T. F. King. M.D., Rev. Win. Barlow, John 
 B. Zabriskie, M.D."— The Magnet, Oct., 1842. 
 
 f New York Watchman, from Aug. 1841 to July, 1842. 
 
 X The Magnet : Devoted to the Investigation of Human Physiol- 
 ogy. By La Roy Sunderland. New York : Published at the Magnet 
 Office, 138 Fulton-street. 1842-3. Vols. 1 and 2. 8vo. pp.280, 
 240. 
 
 Pathetjsm ; with Practical Instructions. Demonstrating the Falsity 
 
THE IDEA OF PATHETISM. 51 
 
 The Idea of Patlietsswa. 
 
 47. The distinguishing Idea of Pathetism, first 
 announced to the public in 1842, as the " Key- 
 stone" of this New Theory- of Mind, assumed, 
 taught, and demonstrated this important principle, 
 viz: That ichen a relation is once established beti 
 
 an operator (or any given substance, real or imagin- 
 ary, as the agent) and his patient, corresponding 
 changes may be induced in the nervous system of the 
 latter [awake or entranced) by mere volition, and by 
 suggestions addressed to either of the external senses. 
 
 The "S£ey" to Mesmerism. 
 
 48. (1.) This key, it is believed, does much to- 
 
 of the hitherto prevalent assumptions in regard to what has been 
 called "Mesmerism" and "Neurology," and Illustrating those Laws 
 which induce Somnambulism, Second Sight, Sleep, Dreaming, Trance, 
 and Clairvoyance ; with numerous Facts tending to show the Pathol- 
 ogy of Monomania, Insanity, Witchcraft, and various other Mental 
 or Nervous Phenomena. By La Roy Sunderland. New York : Pub- 
 lished for the Author by P. P. Good, at the "Magnet" Office, 138 
 Fulton-street, and by the Booksellers generally throughout the coun- 
 try. 1843. 12mo. pp. 2-17. 
 
 "Confessions of a Magnetized" Exposed: Exhibiting the Folly 
 and Falsehood of a Pamphlet with the above title. -arks 
 
 showing the Falsity of the Notions hitherto prevalent in 
 what has been denominated "Mesmerism;" and giving th 
 of the Author's New Theory of Mind. 
 Boston : Published by Bedding & Co., No. S State-st] 
 pp. 50, 
 
 Pathkthm: Man considered in Respect to hi 
 tion. Soul, Mind, Spirit; giving the Rationale of tin 
 
 itfn 
 citeme'nts, Apparitions, Spells, Charms, 
 
 >f Sweden 
 Theory of Mind, with Din 
 By La Roy Sunderlaud. B >ston : I'. 
 
52 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 wards solving the mysteries of the "will" force,,; 
 under the narfte of < £ Animal Magnetism." 
 
 "It must be remembered, also, that the effects I speak 
 of in this chapter, are produced on subjects both in the 
 ivaking and sleeping state ; though, in an infinite variety 
 of degrees, in different persons, and also by processes en- 
 tirely different in producing the same effects." — JPathetism, 
 March, 1843, p. 72. 
 
 " Nor is this power confined to the sleeping state ; as I 
 have found it equally easy to exert a similar influence 
 over susceptible subjects when awake. The only differ- 
 ence between them is, in the latter case it is not so easy 
 to communicate the wishes to the subject without some 
 visible or audible sign ; but when he is by any means 
 made to understand what my wishes are, they are obeyed ; 
 and I have as much control over the limbs and muscles, 
 as in a state of perfect somnipathy." — lb., p. 88. 
 
 " I have operated on hundreds, and, I may say, thou- 
 sands of cases, where I know that the subjects were no 
 more under the influence of my will [Mesmerized] than 
 any other person whom I never saw. I have put them 
 to sleep by my will, as it is called, and without it. I have 
 examined this agency in every imaginable aspect, and 
 tested it in every conceivable manner possible, and affirm 
 what I know, when I say that I have induced these differ- 
 ent results from persons who were not asleep, and from 
 others who were, and yet they were not caused or modi- 
 fied by my will in the least conceivable degree. The 
 inference, to my own mind, is irresistible, that the (Mes- 
 meric) notion of a fluid transmitted from the operator 
 into the subject, is utterly unfounded." — lb. p. 114.* 
 
 * Some two years after the work was published from which the 
 above quotations are made, a book was issued in New York called 
 " Etherology," in which a claim was put forth of priority in the 
 discovery of the "Idea" set forth in the above extracts. And to 
 show the utter futility of this claim, was one design in publishing 
 
THE "key" to neurology. 53 
 
 The "Key" to "Weiiroldffy." 
 
 49, (2.) It comprehends the results produced 
 
 " Confessions of a Magnetizer Exposed," the title of which has been 
 given. The following is an extract from my pamphlet : — 
 
 "The drift of my entire work [published in 1843] goes to show 
 that I accounted for the results produced by Dr. Buchanan, Mcsmer, 
 Baird, and others, not by a fluid, but by the operation of certain 
 relations brought to bear upon the patient's mind, through his exter- 
 nal senses, or Knowledge of the operators mind. 
 
 u It was by this law of ' Credenciveness,' (or of association,) that I 
 accounted for the results produced by Mesmer (page 65), also the 
 results which follow an 'assertion' of the operator, a 2 2,246, 
 284, and 111.) In this way I accounted for the effects produced by 
 the c Tractors' of Perkins (pages 106-108); and numerous other phe- 
 nomena, which had seemed to remain shrouded in mystery, or attri- 
 buted to supernatural agency. Indeed, this very idea may be found 
 repeated upon almost every page of my book, so that any school-boy 
 who reads it, as Mr. Grimes says he has, ' carefully,' could not fail of 
 perceiving this fact recognized as " a fundamental principle in my 
 theory." — Page 44. 
 
 1. Hence the Idea, therefore, which was claimed in " Etherology," 
 as a new discovery, was discovered and published under the name 
 of Pathetism, two years before " Etherology" had been heard of. 
 
 2. Nor is it true that I ever relied upon this Influence for fixing 
 the precise locations of the Phrenological organs, as J. S. Grimes 
 represents in his " Etherology" of 1845. The following extracts 
 from my work (of 1843) will prove this : — 
 
 " Pathetism affords new and extraordinary facilities for brinein^ 
 out the mental functions, both in the sleeping and waking state : 
 it cannot, for the reasons already stated, oe depended upm 
 the precise location of organs, to the entire exclusion of the old 
 method.'' — lb., page 146. 
 
 >, in exciting the organs, [called 'Neurology.'] The ft 
 are placed on any given portion or the head; and if he says h< 
 a certain emotion, he may be easily led to associate that feeling with 
 that place in his head; but whether it be the nppr< 
 not, must be determined by ether things. I have seen heads, 
 and asleep, turned fc topsy-turvy' in this way." — lb. 
 
 3. In 1850, Mr. Grimes published a second edition of bis "Ether- 
 ology," in which he makes another , re he 
 says thai " Mr. Sunderland abandoned this idea in 1848." M Pathet- 
 ism," in which I condemned this idea (for 1 never did believe it. as 
 Mr. Grimes insinuate! iblished in r any 
 other person had published anything on thif at adl. 
 
54 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 through, the sense of feeling or touch in the waking 
 or normal state. The hand of the operator is 
 placed upon any part of the patient's body, or vice 
 versa ; — or the patient is directed to hold any sub- 
 stance in his hand, or place the same in contact 
 with his body, and certain results are said to follow, 
 which Dr. J. E. Buchanan, in 1841, called "the 
 experimental part of Neurology." 
 
 P§ycIaome£ry. 
 
 50. This same sense is appealed to by what 
 has been improperly called the "ulner nerve grip," 
 holding "coin" in , the hand, and in experiments 
 which have taken the name of Psychometry. They 
 were thus described in the Magnet and my first 
 book on Pathetism : — 
 
 " I can cause persons of a certain temperament to obey 
 my will, awake or asleep ! Nay, I have known some in 
 whom Lean produce what is called the clairvoyant state, 
 while they are perfectly awake! It is just as easy to bring- 
 out results from persons in a waking state, as from those 
 asleep; and this I have fully and repeatedly demon- 
 strated." — Magnet, January, 1843.* 
 
 * A monthly periodical, commenced in New York in June, 1842, 
 and continued about three years. It had quite an extensive circu- 
 lation, was highly popular with the press generally, and numbered 
 among its correspondents many intelligent members of the learned 
 professions throughout this country, and some in England, Ireland, 
 and the "West Indies. Probably the Magnet did more towards 
 calling public attention to the subject on which it treated, than any 
 or all other 'means previously used for this purpose. And now, it 
 is gratifying indeed to look back and contemplate the progress this 
 science has made during the last ten wears, much of which, without 
 
PSYCHOMETRY. 55 
 
 " And from mere contact with the hand of some of a 
 peculiar temperament, when wide awake, they have a 
 sense of different substances, and are able, by this process 
 alone, without the sense of sight or hearing, to tell their 
 qualities, and the feelings which others seem to entertain 
 towards them." — lb., p. 73. 
 
 " At other times, the effects are very much increased 
 if the operator sits by the side of the patient during this 
 process, and holds one of his hands ; ot if he gives him 
 a piece of steel, or any substance not offensive, which the 
 patient should hold in his hand." — lb., p. 122 ; see also 
 pp. 95 and 142. 
 
 " The same mental results are produced in different 
 cases, by touching different places on the head ; and in 
 some cases, all or most of the mental manifestations are 
 brought out by merely touching the toes, joints, fingers, 
 and different portions of the body, without any contact 
 with the head.' 7 
 
 " But for these different and ever-varying results, in 
 subjects both awake and asleep, neither the magnetic nor 
 the neuraura theories render any satisfactory account, as 
 they do not, indeed, for numberless other phenomena, 
 which so completely annihilate many other beautiful cas- 
 tles which have been so ingeniously constructed upon a 
 few isolated facts. It has been supposed that the true 
 reason for these different results is to be found in the dif- 
 ferent degrees in which the various subjects may have 
 been Pathetized. And I might think so too, probably, 
 had I not performed a vast variety of experiments, which 
 go far, very far, as 1 believe, towards demonstrating the 
 
 any doubt, may be traced directly or indirectly to the circulation 
 of that work. 
 
 The first periodical ever attempted in this country, devoted to 
 Psychological subjects, was issued in Cleveland, Ohio, in I s 
 Dr. S. Underbill. It was called " The Annals of Magnetism 
 continued only a few months. Dr. Underbill was himself 
 what susceptible, and considerably impressed by my pro© 
 operating- in 1841. 
 
56 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 contrary. Instance the following : Here is a person whoso 
 cerebral organs I can control while he is awake, but he 
 cannot be put to sleep. Another may be put to sleep, and 
 his cerebral organs cannot be excited at all. Another is 
 susceptible of the excitement of any portion of the brain, 
 provided he understands beforehand what impression you 
 wish to produce." — lb,, p. 94.* 
 
 * 
 
 Hypnotism. 
 
 51. (3.) This principle also accounts for results 
 produced through the sense of Sight, as when the 
 patient is directed to gaze at the operator, or at 
 something held in his hand, or indeed at any object 
 which secures his attention. This Dr. Braid, of 
 Manchester, England, in 1843, called " Hypnotism,' 7 
 or rather, a Neurypnologj^." Mr. Braid's process 
 differs from Mesmerism, in respect to the use of the 
 " will" force, principally. 
 
 Method of Patlietism. 
 
 52. If we now examine the results which may 
 be claimed as peculiar to Pathetism, it will enable 
 us to see in what respects it exceeds the processes 
 
 * And nine years or so after the above announcements, as to the 
 possibility of operating in the waking state, and by holding substances 
 in the hand, kc, a book is published in New York, in which this 
 Idea is claimed as a " new discovery," and for teaching which enor- 
 mous prices have been charged. Nay, the " secret" lias been 
 patented, the pupils who are taught it are solemnly pledged to 
 keep it, as if they disclose it they are " liable to prosecution from 
 Fowlers k Wells, for trespassing on their copyright" 1 ! [See " The 
 Philosophy of Electrical Psychology," by John Bovee Dods, pub- 
 lished in 1850 by Fowlers k Wells, p. 11 ] 
 
OF LEC 57 
 
 and the phenomena produced under either of tho 
 theories to which reference has here been made. 
 It has been truly observed, that the first question 
 in any branch of knowledge must be in respect to 
 method.* Without method there can be no standard 
 of appeal, no process of proof, ho means of deter- 
 mining, otherwise than by mere opinion, whether 
 a proposition be true or false. Here, then, are the 
 reports which others have given of my metJiod, 
 adopted in my public audiences, on the commence- 
 ment of my professional labors, in illustration of 
 the "Idea" now under consideration. 
 
 "Reports" of Lectures. 
 
 53. " We have long known Mr. Sunderland. He has 
 made himself respected in New York city as a mental 
 philosopher. He will fascinate one aj; a time, or one hun- 
 dred, just as the audience may choose, and all without 
 touching them with one of his fingers? — Lowell Wash- 
 ingtonian, Sept. 8, 1S43. 
 
 " All the phenomena usually produced by Mesmeriz< rs 
 and Neurologists, by manipulation, Mr. Sunderland induces 
 without contact, or without the use of any electrical or 
 nervous fluid, in persons icicle awake? — Lowell Mot 
 Herald, Sept. 23, 1843. 
 
 M An astonishing instance of the effects of nervous 
 ceptibility, was exhibited at Mr. Sunderland's lecture, at 
 tho City Hall, last Monday evening. No leas than live 
 persons were fascinated while lie was speaking; and he 
 declared that these were probably the first 
 ments of the kind ever performed (as the result o 
 by any person in any part of the world." — Luwdl Patriot, 
 Sept. 13, 1843.f 
 
 * Theory of Human Pi. gression, p. 2i. 
 
 \ It may perhaps hereafter iriosi- 
 
58 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 
 " Mr. Sunderland's new Psychological experiments were 
 of a most wonderful kind, and such as we believe no 
 other person in the world ever even attempted to per- 
 form. l Spells,' 'Charms,' ' Ecstacy,' and all these things 
 : — done, too, in strangers, who had never been Mesmerized, 
 and brought on without contact, is almost too startling 
 for belielfi" — Lowell Patriot, Sept. 20, 1843. 
 
 ties of Alchemistic Literature," that seven years after the above 
 reports were published, announcements were made in a book issued 
 by Messrs. Fowlers & Wells, New York, in the following words : — 
 
 " If there is an individual in existence who has taken persons from 
 a public audience, who had not been Mesmerized, nor operated upon, 
 and immediately controlled tTtem in their muscular motions and mental 
 impressions, till it was done by Dr. B. B. Williams and myself, I am 
 ignorant of the fact. Such experiments I have never- seen advertised 
 for public exhibition, nor have I ever read them in published works." 
 — Electrical Psychology, by John B. Bods, p. 13. 1850. 
 
 " Some have supposed, and even published, that the secret could 
 be told, to any one in a moment. The printer and vender of such an 
 anonymous publication are liable to a prosecution from Fowlers & 
 Wells, for trespassing upon their copyright." [ ! ! !] — lb. p. 11. 
 
 And now, scarcely two years after the above appeared, another 
 book is published in New York, from which the following para- 
 graphs are extracted :■ — 
 
 " I feel it my special duty to call particular attention to J. B. Dods, 
 that the public may not be led astray, especially upon this point, 
 without claiming for myself originality in this (Electrical Psychol- 
 ogy) mysterious department of human existence." — Treatise on Men - 
 tat Alchemy, by B. Brown Williams, M.D., page 55. Published in 
 New York. 1852. 
 
 "I first discovered, six years ago (1846), the process by which it 
 was ascertained, to a certainty, that the nervous system of many 
 persons were in a state naturally, so that impressions properly made 
 would control them against their wills." — lb. p. 33. 
 
 Such are the rival claims as to the "great seer et" of " Mental 
 Alchemy !" And if the reader has any desire to see how much 
 danger he incurs of a "prosecution from Fowlers & Wells, for tres- 
 passing on their copyright," I refer him to a pamphlet, bearing the 
 following title, in which he will mid some further information on the 
 subject : — 
 
 " Pathetism: Statement of its Philosophy, and its Discovery De- 
 fended, against the assumptions put forth recently under the name 
 of ; Electrical Psychology,' ' Electro-Biology,' <fec. &c. Steakns & 
 Co., 25 Ann-street, New York." 
 
OF LECTURES. 59 
 
 "But what was t|je most remarkable, these pnenomena 
 of paralyzation and second sight, were produced in per- 
 sons in the waking state. We are satisfied that Mr. Sun- 
 derland has shed a vast amount of light upon this hitherto 
 mysterious subject, and that he will finally work a com- 
 plete revolution of opinion in relation to it. He has made 
 it his study for a number of years ; and if he succeeds 
 in his attempts, he will be richly entitled to the gratitude 
 of the human race." — Lowell Herald, Sept. 25, 1843. 
 
 " Mr. Sunderland informed the audience that he would 
 induce that state of mental hallucination called 4 second 
 sight/ on a person in the waking condition. And sure 
 enough, the lady, with her eyes ivide open, arose and 
 stretched out her hands towards what she took to be her 
 deceased father ! And what was still more remarkable, if 
 possible, at this instant another lady, who sat near, and 
 one who had never been Mesmerized at all, gave a most 
 piercing shriek, declaring that she also saw the spirit of 
 her deceased sister, and it was some minutes before Mr. 
 Sunderland succeeded in composing her mind." — Provi- 
 dence Evening Chronicle, Oct. 21, 1843. 
 
 u Mr. Sunderland drew persons on the platform wide 
 awake, and, as they said, against their own will ! A re- 
 sult was produced on one resembling insanity! The 
 madman rushed down the aisle, and lashed himself into 
 the most terrific attitudes." — Providence Chronicle, Oct. 
 30, 1843. 
 
 " The views he presents of the human mind are quite 
 new, and his Psychological experiments far exceed any- 
 thing we ever heard of in the annals of ' Mesmerism 1 or 
 'Neurology.' "—Boston Bee, Nov. 20, 1843. 
 
 "Mr, Sunderland's claim to originality, as stated in his 
 lectures, and his published works, [The Magnet, 1842, and 
 Pathetism, 1843,] is first, in respect to his theory, an 
 condly, in respect to his peculiar manner of operating. 1 1 is 
 fascinating strangers, in a promiscuous assembly, and 
 without contact, and persons who had , 
 rized previously, and this, too, while in the delivery o\' his 
 lecture; and his relief of pain, and cure of disease, (and 
 
60 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 other phenomena,) induced in persops wide awake, and 
 without any previous Mesmerizing — such results he has 
 produced in the Howard Street Tabernacle and Masonic 
 Temple, and suchas were never induced by any other per- 
 son, here or elsewhere.'' — Boston Post, Dec. 4, 1843. 
 
 " It is certainly a novel sight to see a lecturer, while 
 speaking to a promiscuous assembly, exert the power Mr. 
 Sunderland does over his auditors, so as to draw them 
 from their seats to himself, on the platform.' ' — Salem 
 Gazette, Feb. 23, 1844. 
 
 " Mr. Sunderland's mode of inducing mental phenomena 
 is original, singular in the extreme, and entirely different 
 from anything we have heretofore seen. While lecturing, 
 and as he rivets attention by his remarks, you will see 
 some dozen or twenty persons, whose characters are irre- 
 proachable, in subjection to his power — spell-bound. The 
 effects produced in this way are amusing, indeed.'' — Salem 
 Gazette, Feb. 28, 1844. 
 
 " Mr. Sunderland is the discoverer of the Psychological 
 truths he advances, and consequently must have an exten- 
 sive acquaintance with the laws which govern mind. His 
 manner of operating is new ; for while delivering his lec- 
 tures ha fascinates numerous persons in his audience, whom 
 he causes to sing, dance, and perform on musical instru- 
 ments, indeed, anything that may suit his pleasure." — The 
 Oasis, Nashua, N. II, Hay 29, 1844. 
 
 " Mr. Sunderland's Psychological experiments have as- 
 tonished the most skeptical. To see strong and able-bo- 
 died men fascinated so as to be unable to open or close their 
 eyes, or to move, and this, too, without any of the Mes- 
 merizing process, and while the lecturer was at a distance, 
 in the actual delivery of his lecture, l^as been, indeed, a 
 novel sight. The results produced by his new method, 
 are strange, and some of them quite startling. — Portland 
 (Me.) Bulletin, Sept. 28, 1844. 
 
 " Mr. Sunderland is producing a tremendous excitement 
 among our philosophical circles by his wonderful illustra- 
 tions of Pathetisra. Last evening he fascinated a dozen 
 or more ! We cannot look upon the wonderful results 
 
ORIGINAL EXPERIMENTS. 61 
 
 produced by his newly-discovered philosophy, without a 
 shudder — that such marvelous, superhuman efforts should 
 be produced by such simple, natural means!'' — Providence 
 (R. I.) Gazette, Dec. 11, 1844. 
 
 Original Experiments. 
 
 54. Some historical account of tlie manner in 
 which my mind was put upon this investigation, 
 and also some account of the phenomena which 
 resulted from my method of operating in public, 
 has been given. But as this question of method 
 must be kept in view in order to come at another, 
 still higher, in respect to Use, it may now be neces- 
 sary to give the facts somewhat more in detail. 
 And the following will be sufficient to show in 
 what respects the Idea of Pathetism comprehends 
 all of Mesmerism, and exceeds all that can be done 
 by operating through one of the external senses 
 merely : 
 
 1. Pathetism operated and produced all the 
 results of Mesmerism, without the labor of the 
 WILL, or its peculiar processes. It had always 
 been objected to "Animal Magnetism/' that the 
 u efforts" of the " will" imposed upon the operator 
 were exhausting to his system, and often injurious. 
 
 2. Pathetism produces the same and more re- 
 sults, without the labor of the " will," and on per- 
 sons u wide awake," while they are perfectly con- 
 scious of external relations and thin 
 
 3. It has the vast advantage of producing the 
 same results (not on one individual), but on one, 
 or a hundred, at the same time! In one of my 
 
62 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 public Lectures in Philadelphia, one of the audi- 
 ence counted and announced that there were not 
 less than two hundred and fifty Fascinated at the 
 same time ! 
 
 4. Pathetism produces all the. phenomena often, 
 without requiring any conditions of the patient; 
 and it is the only theory that can consistently 
 attempt to do so. In " Mesmerism" you. must (at 
 first, certainly) gaze at the patient, and take hold 
 of his hands. In u Neurology," you must touch 
 your patient, in some form. So in " Hypnotism," 
 you must have the sense of sight, and the patient 
 must fix his eyes upon something. But not so 
 (necessarily) with Pathetism ; it produces results, 
 and tells how they are produced, when no condi- 
 tions whatever are required of the patient ! 
 
 5. Pathetism operates without (always) requiring 
 any conditions from the attending spectators I Thus 
 multitudes have been affdtted and brought com- 
 pletely under my control while there has been any 
 amount of noise, mirth and excitement throughout 
 the entire audience. In thousands of instances I 
 have controlled persons " immediately in their 
 muscular emotions and mental impressions," in my 
 public audiences, when they (the audience) were 
 overwhelmed with emotion, and carried almost to 
 phrenzy in their excitement. In those cases there 
 were, there could.be, no "mesmeric passes," no 
 " coin," no " zinc and copper," nor any other object 
 to gaze at, no "profound silence," no "electro-re- 
 active conditions" required. 
 
ORIGINAL EXPERIMENTS. 63 
 
 6. Pathetism operates on the entire audience at 
 one and the same time, a thing never attempted or 
 done by any other theory, old or new. 
 
 7. It operates not only on persons in the a nor- 
 mal" or waking state, but it carries them into the 
 higher states of Trance and Ecstasy, and in these 
 states induces phenomena without addressing either 
 one of the external senses. 
 
 S. It dispenses with the unfounded notions in 
 respect to the pretended M electricity" of the 
 ''Tractors' 1 of Perkins, the ''zinc' and copper/' 
 "coin.'' And when results are produced by using 
 certain substances, as "coin/ 1 or a piece of char- 
 coal, this theory shows how it is that they come 
 to pass. 
 
 9. The method of Pathetism compelled persons 
 to come out from my public audiences, and place 
 themselves on my platform ! It ma}' be an i 
 thing to experiment on persons after they have 
 left the audience, and seated themselves near to the 
 operator; but not so common to- experiment upon 
 them, and thus cause them to leave their seats, 
 even before they had any suspicion of an influx 
 exerted over them! 
 
 10. And more ! I have, by Pathetism, controlled 
 persons not only "immediately," even before I 
 had taken their seats in my public lecture room, 
 but I have also Fascinated them at a distant 
 
 a mile, and in that state have drawn thei 
 hall ! 
 
 11. Pathetism is original, in causing one somni- 
 
64 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 pathist to perform experiments upon another, as 
 for instance, I first entrance A, then A entrances 
 B, and B entrances C, and so on from one to fifty. 
 12. Pathetism is original in causing SURGEONS to 
 operate in public, while both the surgeon and his pa- 
 tient were in a state of" Trance, without the use of 
 the external senses. Dr. H. J. Paine, in 1845, then 
 of Troy, N. Y. (now at San Francisco), also Dr. 
 A. L. Hoyt, in Tremont Temple, Boston, 1846, 
 and Dr. J. Thiers, in Coliseum Hall, New York, 
 1847, are among the number who have been con- 
 trolled by Pathetism in this way. 
 
 Unity. 
 
 55. In the theory of Pathetism, then, we find a 
 PKINCIPLE which runs through human nature, and 
 one which is sufficient to account for one and all 
 of the phenomena which ever were or ever can be 
 artificially induced in the nervous system, because 
 by applying this same principle we find that one 
 and all of these diversified results can be produced 
 by addressing the mind through either of the exter- 
 nal senses.* After the relation is once formed, (79) 
 then results may be induced by the will force 
 merely. (100*) 
 
 * All the ultimate tendencies of nature are to unity. A hope 
 lias been expressed by the celebrated Faraday, whose researches 
 and discoveries have raised him to the highest rank among Euro- 
 pean philosphers, that he will yet be able to demonstrate the iden- 
 tify of Heat, Light, Magnetism and Electricity, or that these 
 imponderable agencies are but so many different manifestations of 
 one and the same force. 
 
WHAT IS THE READER'S VERDICT? 65 
 
 What is tSie Reader's Verdict? 
 
 56. Thus far in respect to the historical aspects 
 of this subject. The reader can now determine 
 for himself, not merely what Pathetism is, but in 
 what respects it differs, if any, from preceding 
 methods, and also whether any injustice has been 
 done it in the substitution of other terms signify- 
 ing precisely the same thing.*"" 
 
 * At a, public meeting held in the Tremont Temple, Boston, 
 February 6, 1850, and attended by editors, physicians, and a large 
 number of citizens, Tyler Parsons, Esq., presided, and after a full 
 and free discussion, the following resolutions were unanimously 
 adopted : 
 
 " Whereas, This meeting having assembled for the purpose of 
 hearing exposed the claims of what has recently been called ' Elec- 
 trical Psychology,' or 'Electro-Biology,' and which has been Bet 
 forth by Rev. Tbeopbilus Fiske as a ' newly discovered science,' 
 which, if is said, has. been brought to light within eighteen months 
 past ; and whereas the disclosures made to this meeting by Mr. 
 George P. Kettell, who has been fully instructed in the so-called 
 1 new science' by said Mr. Fiske, together with the documentary 
 evidence laid before us,* have fully satisfied us that what is called 
 • Electrical Psychology,' or ' Electro-Biology; is not a new science ; 
 and hence the demand of ten dollars for teaching it, and the 
 required pledge of secrecy, are unjust, and an imposition upon the 
 public. 
 
 " Therefore resolved, as the sense of this meeting, That what is 
 called 'Electrical Psychology,' or ' Electro- Biology,' is not new, 
 either in theory or practice, ihe electrical theory of life having 
 years ago been taught by lh: Wilson Phillip, EL H. Sherwood, and 
 others; and the use of metals, known under the name of Perkins* 
 Tractors; and the performance of Psychological experiments, with- 
 out what is called the ' mesmeric process,' on a nuinb* . 
 
 * Duuglison's Physiology, vol. i., pp. 94 and 96 — Percira 1 
 Medica and Therapeutics, vol. 3 1 authors ther 
 
 — Harrison on the Nervous System, p.159 — Sher r >wer 
 of Ore il In- 
 structions, &c., -Pathetism, an 
 Essay, &c., 1847. — ^i>< i 
 
GQ BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 PHILOSOPHICAL. 
 
 57. In all systems which! come under the gen- 
 eral head of Philosophy, Science, or Theology, 
 it will be observed, there is some one leading idea, 
 or peculiar characteristic which distinguishes one 
 system from another. So in all treatises upon Men- 
 tal Philosophy, each of which has had its receivers, 
 and each based upon, or constituted by some one 
 leading principle which separates it from all others. 
 
 In answer, then, to the question, as to what con- 
 stitutes the Theory of Pathetism, and by which it 
 
 "while they were awake, having been done in this city more than six 
 years ago by Mr. LaRoy Sunderland, as appears from the Boston 
 Post of December 4th, 1843. 
 
 " Resolved, That Mr. George P. Kettell having been deceived by 
 the assumptions in regard to the 'new science,' in the opinion of this 
 meeting is fully absolved, as all other persons in similar circum- 
 stances unquestionably are, from all obligations of ' honor' to keep 
 the pledge of ' secrecy' imposed upon him in regard to the so-called 
 ' new science.' 
 
 " Resolved, That the Rev. Theophilus Fiske, the teacher of the 
 so-called 'new science,' having failed to be present at this meeting, 
 when respectfully invited to appear and defend himself; and as he 
 also refused Mr. Kettell the privilege of making his disclosures 
 before one of Mr. Fiske's audiences (as Mr. Kettell requested the 
 opportunity of doing), it is to us, and should be to our fellow-citi- 
 zens, sufficient evidence that Mr. Theophilus Fiske is himself con- 
 scious of his utter inability to maintain his claims in regard to the 
 newness of the so-called science of 'Electro-Biology,' in which 
 opinion this meeting fully concurs. 
 
 "Resolved, That this preamble and these resolutions be signed 
 by the Chairman, and offered for publication in all our city papers, 
 With the request that they be copied by other papers throughout 
 the country." 
 
STATEMENT. 67 
 
 becomes a distinct system of Mental Philosophy, 
 the following statement is made : 
 
 58. (1.) The triune of all things, in Essence, 
 Form and Use. 
 
 59. (2.) The philosophy of Spheres, Natural, 
 Human, and Divine. The qualities of things, the 
 sources whence originate all Sympathies, Antipa- 
 thies, Apathies, Attractions, (love) and Repulsions, 
 (hatred). 
 
 60. (3.) The doctrine of RELATIONS, Correspon- 
 dencies, Associations, whence originates Power, 
 physical, and moral.* 
 
 * Perhaps the leading Idea may be comprehended in Triune or 
 Trinity. The theory set forth in the works, (the titles of which I 
 have given above,) I suppose to be original, only in a partial sense, 
 as we know, that nature's laws are as old as the Universe itself. 
 But, in nO previous publications, it is believed, will they be found so 
 distinctly elaborated, and systematized, as in those I have named. 
 What those principles involve may be inferred from the following 
 summary quoted from Pathetism (1S47) p. 14. 
 
 1. In respect to the ■peculiar functions of the nutritive fluid. 
 
 2. The faculty of instinct, 
 
 3. The real nature of steep. 
 
 4. The nature of pain. 
 
 5. The rationale of. pleasure and human ftappii 
 
 6. The nature and causes of cerebral excitements, both natural and 
 abnormal. 
 
 7. The rationale of insensibility, in cases of induced somnambulism. 
 
 8. The rationale of mental and spiritual emotions, volitions and 
 
 i». The rationale of congenital phena 
 
 10. The philosophy of m* 
 
 11. The true nature of disease and health. 
 
 VI. The causes of mental hallucinati ^it } J> 
 
 18. Wlui' • i<. 
 
 14. The difference in the 
 which constitul my. 
 
 15. The nature 
 
 1G. The causes ihildren. 
 
 17. The i 
 
 IS. The philosophy of the results attributed to su 2 r mi- 
 
 raculous power. 
 
68 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 And thus we perceive where the preceding facts 
 center. Man has three senses, Hearing, Seeing, and 
 Feeling (Smell and Taste are included in Feeling) ; 
 so the same results may be induced, (awake or en- 
 tranced) by addressing one, or all of these senses. 
 And, then, after the Eelation has been once es- 
 tablished through the external senses, then, and 
 not till then, results may be induced merely by vo- 
 lition. 
 
 Let us now proceed to consider with a little more 
 minuteness, the rationale of their induction. 
 
 Spheres. 
 
 61. As the term Sphere has an important and 
 comprehensive signification in this philosophy, it 
 may be necessary to give to it some attention here : 
 
 1. It signifies not merely a perfect globe, or body, 
 which is in every part, equally distant from a point 
 called its center, but, also, the extent, or circuit of 
 motion, peculiar to any given body. 
 
 2. The extent, or circuit of hnoivledge, peculiar to 
 individuals. 
 
 3. Rank, or order of society, by which the rela- 
 tive position of one to another is determined. 
 
 19. The rationale of the effects attributed to talismans, amulets, 
 charms, &c. 
 
 20. The rationale of sympathy. 
 
 21. Muscular motion. 
 
 22. The connection between instinct, the nutr itive fluid, and the 
 'Jin i a 1 1 lb in hi<l. 
 
 23. The difference in the instinctive, ingestive, retentive, and exclu- 
 sive emotions, volitions, and actions of the human mind. 
 
 24. Connection between memory and the nutritive fluid. 
 
 25. The rationale of the " Vis medicatrix naturce." — 
 
SPHERES. 69 
 
 4. The extent, or circuit of that which proceeds 
 from any body or substance, the whole of the in- 
 fluence exerted from or by any one. Bach indivi- 
 dual, every animal, and every plant in the vege- 
 table kingdom, every mineral even, has a sphere 
 of its own. Swedenborg says : — 
 
 ; ' Sympathies and antipathies are nothing else, than 
 exhalations of affections, from minds which affect one 
 another, according to similitudes, and excite aversion ac- 
 cording to dissimilitudes. These, although they are innu- 
 merable, and are not sensibly perceived by any sense of 
 the body, are yet perceived by the sense of the soul, as 
 one, and, according to them, all conjunctions and conso- 
 ciations in the spiritual world are made." — T. C. R. 305. 
 
 " Spiritual spheres encompass all spirits and societies of 
 spirits flowing forth from the life of the affections, and 
 of the thoughts thence derived. Wherefore, if the affec- 
 tions be contrary, collision takes place, whence comes anx- 
 iety."— A C. 10, 312. 
 
 " A sphere diffuses itself, not only from angels and 
 spirits, but also, from all and each of the things which 
 appear in that world, as from the trees and from their 
 fruits there, from shrubs, and from their flowers, from 
 herbs and from grapes, yen, from earth, and from every 
 thing of them ; — this is universal, as well in things living 
 as dead, that everything is surrounded by something simi- 
 lar to that which is within it, and that this is continually 
 exhaled from it ; — a continual stream of effluvia, flows 
 forth from a man, also from every animal, and likewise 
 from trees, fruits, shrubs, flowers, 'yea, from metals and 
 stones."— D. L. & B. W. 291-293. 
 
 "There flows forth, yea, overflows from every man a 
 spiritual sphere, derived from the affections of his love, 
 which encompasses him, and infuses itself into the nat 
 sphere) derived from the body, so that the tw< 
 conjoined. That a natural sphere i> continually flowing 
 forth., not only from man, but also from beasts, yea, from 
 
70 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 trees, fruits, flowers, and also from metals, is a thing gene- 
 rally'known."— C. L. 171. 
 
 Every spirit, and still more every society of spirits has 
 its own sphere proceeding from the principles and persua- 
 sions imbibed, which is the sphere of those principles and 
 persuasions. The sphere of principles and persuasions, is 
 such, that when it acts upon another, it causes truths to 
 appear like falses, and calls forth all sorts of confirmatory 
 arguments, so as to induce the belief that, things false are 
 true, and that things evil are good. Hence it may appear 
 how easily man may be confirmed in falses and evils, un- 
 less he believe the truths which are from the Lord. — 
 A. C. 15, 10. 
 
 Idiosyncrasies. 
 
 62. The following testimony is from Dr. M. 
 Good : 
 
 " We occasionally meet among mankind, with a sort of 
 sensation altogether wonderful and inexplicable. There 
 are some persons so peculiarly affected by the presence of 
 a particular object, that is neither seen, tasted, heard, 
 smelt or touched, as not only to be conscious of its pres- 
 ence, but to be in agony till it is removed. The vicinity 
 of a cat not urifrequently produces such an effect, and I 
 have been a witness to the most decisive proofs of this in 
 several instances." 
 
 I knew a person who was so much affected with 
 the smell of onions, as to be unable to remain in 
 the house where they were; and it is said, Henry 
 the Third, of France, could not endure the pres- 
 ence of a cat. Lord Chancellor Bacon fell down 
 in a fit whenever there was an eclipse of the moon, 
 the philosopher Boyle could not endure the sound 
 of water drawn from a cock. Erasmus trembled 
 at the smell or sight of fish ; Marshall D' Albert 
 
IDIOSYNCRASIES. 71 
 
 fainted at the sight of a sucking pig ; La Molie In 
 Voyer could not endure the sound of music; and 
 Shakspeare speaks of some person in his day who 
 could not endure the sound of the bagpipe. The 
 celebrated astronomer Brahe, was totally paralyzed 
 in his limbs at the sight of a live hare ; and we 
 have known intelligent persons who could not en- 
 dure the sight of a rat. Some persons are pecu- 
 liarly affected on touching certain kinds of metals, 
 and others are affected in the same way if they 
 touch them only with their thoughts. An intelli- 
 gent lady of my acquaintance had such an antipa- 
 thy to spiders, that for eight years she retained the 
 sense of disgust and horror, which it gave her, on 
 finding one upon her person. 
 
 Now, it is quite certain, that these states of feeling 
 do not depend upon the judgment, but they must 
 have their origin in the peculiarity of the physical 
 nature of each person. So it is in common life. 
 There is a sphere surrounding every individual, and 
 which you perceive at once, when you approach 
 him. On the first sight of one person, you feel in- 
 stinctively repelled, and you do not find it possible 
 to feel pleased with being near to him, or to delight 
 in his company. But with another person you are 
 delighted at once. You feel an attachment to him, 
 for which you can render no reason at all, no more 
 than you could for the antipathy you felt for the 
 other. All our feelings of love, friendship, and dis- 
 like, are founded on these peculiarities of our na- 
 ture. 
 
72 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Reici&eiib£Lc'h'§ Experiments. 
 
 63. Perhaps no author since Swedenborg has 
 done more towards demonstrating this doctrine as to 
 the spheres of plry sical bodies than Baron Eeichen- 
 bach* 
 
 Bat, then, I am satisfied that his work is liable 
 to mislead, and therefore, should be read with great 
 caution. This difficulty consists in the following 
 facts : — 
 
 geia§itives. 
 
 64. (1.) With but a very small exception, all of 
 Keichenbach's experiments were performed through 
 the nervous systems of a peculiar class of people 
 v/hom he denominated sensitives. 
 
 Individualities. 
 
 65. (2.) Hence, though there may be some appa- 
 rent uniformity in the results which he developed 
 from his " sensitives, " yet, it must be borne in mind, 
 that Reichenbach's own nervous or mental sphere 
 entered into those experiments, and necessarily 
 served to modify them in some form or other. A 
 similar remark might be made on the experiments 
 made by Dr. Buchanan, and the same may be said 
 of experiments made by any man or woman, when 
 they are performed through the nervous systems 
 of one or more individuals. 
 
 * Physico-Physiological Researchf33 on the Dynamics of Magnet- 
 ism, Electricity, <fcc. 
 
POPULAR EXCITEMENTS. 73 
 
 The sphere of the operator may, and often does, 
 direct, modify and control the whole ! ! In cases, 
 therefore, where certain results are expected by the 
 operator, or by his patients, and, which depend 
 upon the nervous susceptibilities of either party, 
 we must bear in mind, how much these results may 
 vary, and with how much caution we should de- 
 duce conclusions from such experiments, as apply- 
 ing, always, to physical bodies. 
 
 Popular Excitements. 
 
 66. (3.) It is manifest, from this law, which has 
 its origin in the Idiosyncrasy or sphere of different 
 " preachers of the gospel," that what have been call- 
 ed " revivals of religion," have always had certain 
 characteristics, depending on the views of the leaders 
 by whom they were " got up." Thus, persons who 
 were " converted" under the preaching of John 
 Wesley, generally went through a certain routine 
 of "feelings" and "exercises," as all have done, 
 who have been since " converted" under the labors 
 of Wesley's followers. But, those attracted by the 
 writings of Emanuel Swedenborg are " converted" 
 by a different process ; and a similar remark might 
 be made of " revivals" among the " Baptists," " Pres- 
 byterians," and " Mormons ;" and, indeed, of par- 
 ticular " revivals" or "conversions" under different 
 preachers ; — they are, always, in some respect, char* 
 acteristic, both of the men by whose spheres or in- 
 fluences they are got up, and the sectarian views by 
 which they are governed. Hence, we may see 
 
 4 
 
74 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 John Wesley in a Methodist " revival." We see 
 George Fox in the Quaker meeting and costume ; 
 Ann Lee, in the Shaker habits, and the preacher, 
 or founder of the sect, always, in his followers, and 
 in the " experience" the views and feelings of all 
 who are converted by their labors. In the nature 
 of things, it must be so. Each one has his pecu- 
 liar sphere, within which he will bring as many oth- 
 ers as he finds congenial with himself, and the in- 
 fluence he exerts over them, will distinguish him 
 and them from all others, who are influenced by 
 another sphere, essentially, or altogether different.* 
 
 Misnomer ? 
 
 67. (4.) While, therefore, it is admitted, that 
 Eeichenbach's experiments do much towards illus- 
 trating the high susceptibilities of certain temperaments, 
 they do but little towards demonstrating any thing 
 like physical force, eliminated from physical bodies.f 
 
 * And in these laws we find the reasons for that caution which 
 all should exercise before submitting their minds to the influences ex- 
 ercised by another. In each, there are certain leading traits of char- 
 acter, which they communicate. In one, We may perceive the cles- 
 tructiveness of the tiger ; in another, the cunning of the fox ; an- 
 other, the secretiveness of tiie cat ; another, {he fidelity of the dog ; 
 another, the self-esteem of the peacock ; another, the stubbornness of 
 the donkey ; and so of the swine, the goat, the lion, the horse, &c. 
 We should be attracted by those who are above us in goodness and 
 truth. 
 
 \ Reichenbach, (and after him many others) speak3 of what he 
 calls the " odic force /" But, why call that which is merely an elim- 
 ination, a force f If that which is eliminated, can produce no 
 change in other bodies, why call it a "force f ' 
 
SPHERES OF PHYSICAL BODIES. 75 
 
 In one case (p. 35) he details an experiment which 
 seems to prove, that force issued from a magnet, 
 which affected an iodized silver plate, in a perfectly 
 dark room, during the space of sixty-four hours ; 
 and it is to be regretted that he did not perform 
 more experiments of the same kind, nor that he 
 does not tell us, precisely, what distance the mag- 
 net was placed from the plate. The magnetic forces 
 affect metals, we know ; but whether it was light, 
 eliminated from that magnet which affected that 
 iodized plate, does not by any means appear. 
 
 Spliere§ of Physical Bodies. 
 
 68. (5.) Giving so very large a number of exper- 
 iments performed entirely on nervous or " sensitive" 
 persons, by the spheres of magnets, crystals, &c., 
 the common reader would be led to infer, that all 
 physical bodies have such spheres, as to give off phys- 
 ical FOECES, which can produce changes in other 
 physical bodies. But this inference does not follow, 
 for Eeichenbach, himself, says (p. 226) that what 
 he calls the od, (or what Swedenborg calls the 
 sphere,) which is given off from all physical bodies, 
 affects nothing except what is like it. He says : — 
 
 a All odic flame may be made to flicker by currents of 
 air, be diverted, caused to move, blow about, and broken 
 up by blowing on it. Meeting with solid bodies, it bends 
 around them, follows their surface, and streams forward 
 on them, like flames of common fire. We can give it 
 any direction we please." — P. 226. 
 
76 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Testimony of " SensitiTes. 95 
 
 69. But even this testimony does not amount to 
 what we want, inasmuch as all that is here stated, 
 is taken from the lips of the " Sensitives," whom 
 the Baron caused to see what he describes ! If the 
 properties of physical bodies may be determined 
 from the testimony of a certain class of " Sensi- 
 tives," whose nervous systems, or whose minds are 
 affected by them, or by what they think (76.) about 
 them, then, from similar testimony, we can prove 
 all the stories that have been told of ghosts, appa- 
 ritions, and communications said to have been re- 
 ceived by such persons from the spiritual world.* 
 
 * Reichenbach, without having designed anything like a pun 
 upon the word od, or odd, which is the term he applies to designate 
 the spheres of different substances, has, nevertheless, shown mani- 
 festly that he is dependent upon the testimony of an odd class of 
 people for the truth of what he affirms. For instance, he gives the 
 following account of them : — 
 
 "These are the persons who are generally regarded as capricious 
 and whimsical ; who cannot bear the color of yellow, while more than 
 others they love the color of blue ; who hate to look at themselves in 
 a glass ; who will not sit on the middle of a bench with others, but 
 insist on having the corner seat* who cannot sleep on the leftside : 
 who cannot eat with a spoon or fork of German silver, or of any com- 
 position made to imitate silver ; who cannot eat warm, much cooked, 
 fat or sweet food, but have a passion for sour dishes ; who dislike the 
 heat of an iron stove, while they will bear an even greater heat from 
 one of clay or porcelain; who, in an omnibus or railroad car, insist 
 on having the windows open, no matter what the weather may be, 
 and no matter whether their fellow travelers fear colds and rheuma- 
 tism or not ; who cannot bear to have any one behind their chair, and 
 do not like to shake hands ; who are subject to the influence of the 
 moon, and shun its light as disagreeable," <fcc. &c. 
 
 Now, as long as we know, that from this class of people you may 
 bring out almost any kind of " experiments " you please, and con- 
 firmatory of any theory, we cannot allow the weight to Reichen- 
 bach's assumptions which he, himself, seems to attach to them. 
 
TESTIMONY OF "SENSITIVES." 77 
 
 (6.) The conclusion we come to, then, is this ; 
 that physical qualities must be demonstrated by 
 physical results; nervous qualities by nervous re- 
 sults, and mental qualities or spheres by mental 
 phenomena. True, we may be able to form just 
 conclusions, in respect to physical bodies, from the 
 effects they produce on the minds or nervous sys- 
 tems of " Sensitives," but the process must be very 
 slow, as it is attended with many difficulties. It is 
 an easy matter indeed to demonstrate whether a 
 person is what Reichenbach calls a "Sensitive," or 
 not ; and so we may succeed in proving far more 
 as to the ever-varying susceptibilities of the nervous 
 system, than we can as to the inherent properties of 
 the substances which may be made to operate upon 
 them. Reichenbach commences his Treatise with 
 the following remark : — 
 
 " If a strong magnet, capable of supporting ten pounds, 
 be drawn downwards over the bodies of fifteen or twenty 
 persons, without actually touching them, some among 
 them will always be found to be excited by it, in a peculiar 
 manner." 
 
 Undoubtedly ; and similar results would follow, 
 if you passed a piece of chalk down their backs, 
 provided they believed it was a magnet. Or, still 
 better, blindfold the " fifteen or twenty persons," 
 and do nothing to them, but cause them to believe 
 you are passing a powerful magnet down their 
 backs, and you will find the results generally the 
 same. 
 
BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Spheres of Mental Bodies* 
 
 70. (7.) In order to comprehend, then, how it is 
 that one mind controls another, we must remem- 
 ber that every mind has its sphere, in a higher 
 sense, than can be said of physical bodies. And, 
 the lower the organism, the lower its sphere. 
 
 Spheres affect spheres according to their chemical, 
 mental, or spiritual affinities. So it is said the sphere 
 of this Earth affects other globes, or is affected by 
 them. The sphere of the sun is determined by 
 the extent and power of its heat and light. The 
 spheres of two minds assimilate or unite, according 
 to their mental affinities, or are repelled by their 
 inherent antipathies, over which neither of them 
 may have much, if any, control. 
 
 And the allusion to the Earth and the Heavenly 
 Bodies may suggest an idea with regard to space, 
 which should be understood in order to compre- 
 hend how it is that one mind may affect another at a 
 distance. The spheres of all bodies determine the 
 influence they have upon one another, whatever 
 the distance may be, or rather the distance is de- 
 termined by their spheres. As the mind, there- 
 fore, ascends in the scale of existence, its sphere 
 annihilates (so to speak) space ; and hence it is, 
 that qualities or states cannot be measured by space. 
 What does Love, Goodness, Joy, Hope, know of 
 space? And if these states exist without any 
 reference to space, so may intuition and the know- 
 ing faculties of the mind. Or, if we can under- 
 
SYMPATHETIC IMITATION. 79 
 
 stand the subject better, we may contemplate the 
 spheres of physical bodies as the media through 
 which they are perceived. And so the spheres of 
 animal bodies may be the medium through which 
 they affect one another, and the sphere of the 
 mind, the medium through which its knowledge 
 is obtained. And this leads us to other laws of the 
 nervous system, which we may now proceed to 
 contemplate. 
 
 Sympathetic Imitation. 
 
 71. This doctrine of the spheres or the qualities 
 of things explains how it comes to pass that cer- 
 tain persons may be compelled to imitate whatever 
 they see done, or may be induced to feel, or see, or 
 do whatever may be suggested to them, or they may 
 have any conception of. And this very susceptibility 
 to sympathetic imitation in certain persons, was 
 described more than two hundred years ago. 
 
 " Men, if they see but another man tremble, giddy, or 
 sick of some fearful disease, their apprehensions and fear 
 are so strong in this kind, that they will have such a dis- 
 ease. Or, if by some soothsayer, wise man, fortune-teller, 
 or physician, [or lecturer], they be told they shall have 
 such a disease, they will so seriously apprehend it that 
 they will instantly labor of it. If it be told them that 
 they shall be sick on such a day, when that day comes 
 they will surely be sick, and will be so terribly afflicted 
 that sometimes they will die upon it* 
 
 * Burton's Anat. MeL, vol. 1, p. 221. 
 
80 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Mental Contagion. 
 
 72. If one person is said to see a ghost, it not 
 unfrequently happens that a sensibility is awakened 
 in the minds of many others, till the infection has 
 spread, and ghosts are multiplied in proportion to 
 the susceptibility of the people who happen to hear 
 the strange details of the departed spirits. So, if 
 one in a family, or neighborhood, happens to have 
 a singular dream, it is followed with others of the 
 same kind. In a word, whatever is related to the 
 strange or marvelous, whatever is calculated to 
 excite credulity or fear, operates by sympathy, and 
 in this way we may easily account for the preva- 
 lence of many crimes, and the various forms of 
 delusion, which have, from time to time, so much 
 disturbed and cursed the world. 
 
 There is a kind of contagion, purely mental, so 
 to speak ; there is a peculiar aptitude in minds, 
 and society, to assume a peculiar train of thought, 
 or feeling, grave or gay, as the circumstances may 
 dictate. The convulsions among the children in 
 the Poor House at Haarlem, under the inspection 
 of Boerhaave, were caused and cured by these 
 laws. 
 
 Mr. Powers'* details the particulars of a family 
 in Chelmsford, Mass., where one of the children 
 was affected with cholera, and five others exercised 
 themselves in imitating his odd gestures, until 
 
 * Influence of the Imagination on the Nervous System. 
 
SECTARIAN MANIA. 81 
 
 every one of them was irresistibly affected in the 
 same way. And the spell was not broken until 
 the father, one day, brought in a block and axe, 
 and sternly threatened to take off the head of the 
 first child who should exhibit any more of those 
 singular gestures. 
 
 Dr. Haygarth gives a similar account of the 
 effects of sympathy, which took place in 1796, 
 among some peasants in the Island of Anglesey. 
 It commenced with one female, and in a short time 
 extended to some twenty others. And a similar 
 account is given by Eev. Mr. Archibald, of Unst.* 
 He says, at first the affection commenced with a 
 female ; but on her manifesting the affection at 
 church, it was immediately communicated to others. 
 And in another parish, some sixty persons were 
 seized in the same way ; and being carried out and 
 laid in the yard, they would struggle and roar with 
 all their might, for five or ten minutes, and then 
 rise up without remembering anything that had 
 happened to them. 
 
 Sectarian Mania. 
 
 73. Affections of the same kind prevailed among 
 the Anabaptists in Germany, and the French 
 Prophets in Dauphiny, and in England ; and after 
 them the Quakers, and also among the Puritans of 
 New England, in 1745, and more recently among 
 the Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, and espe- 
 cially among the Mormons. Nor are these affeo- 
 
 * Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. iii, p. 438. 
 4* 
 
82 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 tions confined to Protestant sects ; they have been 
 equally prevalent among the Papists, and, indeed, 
 "among those who are not religiously disposed. I 
 have been informed of similar affections among the 
 Mahometans. A gentleman who has been among 
 them during seasons of prayer, states, that for some 
 time he had seen some of them convulsed, and 
 they would emit a kind of froth at the mouth. 
 Those less favored, would take this foam from the 
 mouths of their companions, and by rubbing it 
 upon their own bodies, would thus excite a similar 
 state of feeling and action in themselves. 
 
 Diseases Caused fry Sympathy • 
 
 74. That the affections above described, were 
 communicated by the laws of sympathetic imitation, 
 there can be no doubt. And it would be equally 
 easy to show, that many diseases deemed conta- 
 gious, have been communicated in the same way. 
 The history of the Asiatic Cholera would as plainly 
 demonstrate the truth of this position, as it would 
 prove that any such disease ever existed. In 1821, 
 cholera so raged in Bankok that in a short time 
 4000 persons died. The king appointed his nobles, 
 priests and astrologers, to ascertain the cause of 
 this scourge. After a long and very solemn inves- 
 tigation, it was the unanimous opinion of the 
 council that it was produced by an evil spirit that 
 visited their shore in the shape of a fish, and that 
 it was only necessary to fire their guns to get rid 
 of the monster. Accordingly the inhabitants 
 
 
FANATICISM FROM SYMPATHY. 83 
 
 assembled in masses on the beach with their guns, 
 which they continued firing for some time, but 
 without effect, as of those who were collected oil 
 the beach, 700 died there. 
 
 Crimes from Sympathy. 
 
 75. And the same might be said of other diseases 
 and affections, both mental and physical, which are 
 frequently known to gain upon individuals, fami- 
 lies, neighborhoods, and generally whole districts 
 of country. Sometimes an enormous crime will be 
 committed ; and its flagrancy excites a kind of sus- 
 ceptibility in the mind of another, until it has been 
 followed by a dozen or more of the same kind.* 
 
 Fanaticism from Sympathy. 
 
 76. If one person makes a profession of having 
 been " magnetized by spirits," the idea impresses 
 others in the same way, and thus convulsions, jerks, 
 fits, and the like have been known to spread from one 
 family and one neighborhood to another, till innu- 
 merable multitudes have become "obseped" with 
 
 * Some of the above language is from my larger work, a fact 
 which, perhaps, I ought to mention here, lest it might be supposed 
 it had found its way into these pages, from the writings of my 
 friend, Mr. A. J. Davis, without the usual signs of credit. Compare 
 "The Great Hannonia," (1852), vol. iii, pp. 92, 93, 90. 101, 102, and 
 136, with Pathetfem, (1847), pp. 74,75, 105, 102, 101, and 111, page 
 with page, in the order here set down. To be sure, the matter is 
 of no consequence at all, except in BO far as it may render me liable 
 to the suspicion of having quoted from Mr. 1>., without credit, when 
 I am merely using my own language, 
 
84 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 the same impressions, however wild and absurd 
 those impressions may prove to be. 
 
 Tlie "Relation." 
 
 77. To understand fully the laws of association, 
 or the source whence one mind acquires power 
 over another, we must bear in mind what has been 
 said of the spheres or qualities of different minds. 
 This will prepare us to comprehend what is meant 
 by that Kelation upon which all power depends. 
 This relation must, of course, take its character and 
 extent from the spheres in which two different minds 
 are developed, and from the sympathetic, imitative 
 susceptibilities of one of the parties. 
 
 If the brain is affected by the stomach, or vice 
 versa, it is because they sustain a peculiar relation 
 to each other, and so of every effect which comes 
 to pass, throughout universal nature. Two things 
 must not only exist, before the third is produced, 
 but there must be a relation brought about between 
 them ; for, without this, there can be no cause, no 
 effect of any kind. Some results may require more 
 than two things to be combined, but it is a fact so 
 well known, that no effect of any kind can be pro- 
 duced without a relation first established between 
 an agent and a substance to be acted upon, that 
 we need not stop here to argue this point. It is 
 one of those self-evident truths, which everywhere 
 first meets the opening senses of the human mind, 
 and therefore is no more susceptible of proof than 
 one's own consciousness of thinking, speaking, or 
 
ILLUSTRATION. 85 
 
 acting. It will be sufficient, therefore, if I merely, 
 in this connection, add what may be necessary to 
 show how this first law of nature applies to the 
 subject now under consideration. 
 
 Illustration. 
 
 78. If you take two pieces of soft, smooth iron, 
 and apply them together, you will discover no at- 
 traction between them. But if you rub one upon 
 the other, lengthwise, in one direction, only for a few 
 minutes, you will perceive a mutual attraction be- 
 tween them. Now, we say this attraction depends 
 on the relation established between those two pieces 
 of iron, by bringing them in contact in that pecu- 
 liar manner. For if you merely rub one upon the 
 other, as in the process of filing, no effects of this 
 kind are produced. So, if you take an ordinary 
 iron rod, and hold it horizontally, on applying the 
 needle it will not show any signs of polarity ; but 
 hold the rod, for a time, perpendicularly to the 
 earth, and it acquires polarity, so as to affect the 
 needle. The reason to be assigned for this, is, that 
 in the one case, the rod sustains a relation to the 
 earth, from which its polarity is derived, which it 
 does not sustain in the other. Zinc and copper 
 produce no galvanic effect, till a relation is estab- 
 lished between them by a suitable fluid. 
 
 So we say of light and heat, No effects are 
 produced by the sun until his influence is extended 
 to the earth, and a certain relation must be brought 
 about between the earth and the sun, before the 
 
86 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 process of vegetation is commenced ; and not then, 
 even, unless the sun is brought in contact with 
 earth of a certain quality. 
 
 All chemical results come to pass, from relations 
 established between two or more substances; and 
 the effects depend always upon the spheres or quali- 
 ties of the bodies which are brought together. This 
 law is universal. True, when you bring two poles 
 of the same denomination in contact, a result is 
 produced, but it is of a negative character : they 
 mutually repel or destroy each other. But, to 
 bring about a positive result, to change the state 
 of one substance or body, it must be brought into 
 relation with another of an opposite quality, — that 
 is, one must be positive in respect to the other, 
 which is negative. One is ACTIVE, the other is pas- 
 sive.- 
 
 Power of Habit. 
 
 79. (2.) This relation is increased by habit, and 
 sometimes acquires supreme control over the mind. 
 This fact explain? how it is that some persons are 
 made sick by the mere thought of an emetic. The 
 mind having become accustomed to the effects pro- 
 duced by the drug, the mere sight or thought of it 
 calls up this relation, and the sickness follows. So, 
 when the mind becomes habituated to the effects 
 of any other medicine, or any peculiar process for 
 the production of certain results ; it is often effected 
 by this relation in the same way. (93.) 
 
 Instance the condition of one confirmed in habits 
 of intoxication. While the rum-bottle is out of 
 
POWER OF FAITH. 87 
 
 sight, he remains quiet and sober ; but on merely- 
 seeing the vessel from which he has so often 
 quaffed the bewitching liquid, his susceptibility is 
 awakened at once, and his desire for it again be- 
 comes ungovernable, till he is carried into the vor- 
 tex of destruction. 
 
 What is called the " association of ideas/' is at- 
 tributable to this same power. The sight of one 
 object calls up another, with which it had become 
 associated. 
 
 The first note of a well-known tune, brings to 
 mind the entire piece of music. Cases of severe 
 tooth-ache have often been cured by the mere sight 
 of the forceps. Persons injured by fright, in cases 
 of fire, or great danger, are sometimes alarmed on 
 hearing similar sounds, or merely seeing any place 
 or object which brings the scene again before the 
 mind. Some will sink into "a state of trance, by 
 merely sitting in the chair where they have been 
 often entranced before ; and the sight of any place, 
 where the mind has been peculiarly impressed, re- 
 vives the same feelings, and we live over again the 
 scenes which, otherwise, had remained entirely ob- 
 literated from recollection. 
 
 Power of Faith. 
 
 80. (3.) This relation, in some cases, seems to dep 
 wholly upon the belief as to its nature, and the mind 
 transfers it from one object to another, — That the mind 
 has this power, is proved by innumerable facts. 
 How else did it come to pass, that the opiate given 
 
88 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 by Dr. Gregory, operated according to what the 
 patient thought it was, and not according to its real 
 nature ? How else did it come to pass, that Sir 
 W. Ellis' patient was salivated with bread pills ? 
 Indeed, almost every practitioner of any consider- 
 able experience, will be found able to refer to cases 
 of the same kind, when the effects of medicine 
 have been just in proportion to the apprehensions 
 or faith of the patient, and not according to their 
 well-known medical properties.* It was this law 
 of the human mind which hilled the man who 
 thought himself bleeding to death. He was blind- 
 folded, and told that a vein in his arm had been 
 opened for the purpose of bleeding him to death. 
 He heard a stream of water running into a bowl, 
 which he took to be the blood from his veins ; and 
 in a short time he fainted and died. Such is the 
 FORCE of association, and the power of this law, 
 when once fastened upon the human mind. 
 
 * Pathetism, 1843. 
 
PAHENTAL. 89 
 
 PK ACTIO AL. 
 
 Directions for Pathetizing. 
 
 81. From the information already given, it is 
 supposed the reader must now either have some 
 idea as to my method, or, at least he must be pre- 
 pared, somewhat, to appreciate the rules which fol- 
 low. It is not so easy to give specific directions to 
 be applied, generally, to all men. 
 
 Parental. 
 
 82. If, for instance, a parent should inquire how 
 he might best control the mind of his child, I should 
 wish to see them both before I could give specific 
 directions ; because I must know not only the tem- 
 perament and constitutional tendencies of the child, 
 but also the aptness, tact, and knowledge possessed 
 by the parent, which would enable him to adapt 
 what he did to the best possible advantage in the 
 government of his child. As a general rule, I 
 should say that the parent who secured the most 
 confidence and love, would be the most able (other 
 things being equal) to control his child. And thus 
 with every other person. Adults are children in 
 miniature, and the one whose mind is the best 
 constituted for tliis p)wpose, who has an aptness for 
 controlling another, will, on the whole, succeed the 
 best. 
 
90 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Treatment of I>isea§e. 
 
 Eemember : — 
 
 83. (1.) That these Rules apply to the Treat- 
 ment of Disease, the breaking up of bad habits, 
 (such as the use of tobacco, or opium, &c.,) or to 
 the production of any and every imaginable degree 
 or form of Nervous or Mental phenomena. 
 
 Wliat is Couipreliesided in these Utiles. 
 
 84. (2.) That these Eules include all and singu- 
 lar, that has passed under the names of "Animal 
 Magnetism," or by whatever other term an influ- 
 ence over the nervous system may have been sig- 
 nified, whether old or new. Terms have been used 
 for concealing this fact ! Hence, if you understand 
 the theory here explained, you never need be at a 
 loss to account for any experiment that you see 
 performed on any human being. 
 
 Intelligence. 
 
 85. (3.) That, in many cases, it is not necessary 
 that the operator should be either intelligent, or 
 learned in Mental Philosophy.* 
 
 * Indeed, the more ignorant an operator, " Dr.," " Prof.," or " lec- 
 turer," often happens to be, the more he will assume with regard to 
 himself, and his powers ; and the more that is assumed (when the 
 spectators know no better than to believe all he says,) why, of 
 course, the greater his success in performing experiments. And 
 
SELF-INDUCTION. 91 
 
 Self-induction. 
 
 86. (4.) That whatever may be the remote cause 
 which makes an impression upon the sphere or 
 nervous system of the patient, (whether by sug- 
 gestion through his mind or otherwise,) the results 
 are, in all cases, secondarily self-induced. That is, 
 they are brought about by the patient's own mind, 
 operating on the Nutritive Fluid of his own sys- 
 tem. 
 
 hence it is, when a public lecturer happens to possess the happy 
 faculty of mystifying the subject, and makes a flourish about the 
 " nervous fluid," " the normal and abnormal reactions of the nervous 
 system," " general and special ^ore-significations, <fec, &c, cfcc, <fcc.," it 
 enhances his powers very much indeed. The history of most of the 
 popular excitements which have ever taken place, under the name 
 of the " Crusades," " Revivals," (fee, will show how very little it is 
 necessary for certain persons to know, in order to assume great or 
 supernatural powers, which the uninformed have always been 
 ready to admit. Indeed, the more extravagant the assumption in 
 behalf of "Alchemy " " Witchcraft" or "Inspiration" the greater 
 the faith of the multitude ! Instance the case of the ancient "Ora- 
 cles" and "Sybils," Mohammed, the Anabaptist Leaders, Matthias 
 and John of Leyden, the French Prophets, Joanna Southcote, Pope 
 Joan, the Alchemists of the Thirteenth Century, Peter the Hermit, 
 George Fox, Ann Lee, Joe Smith, and id genus omne. 
 
 The advantage of assuming to be inspired, for instance, by de- 
 parted spirits, consists in this : if you have no influence or authority 
 of your own, by professing to be a "1110(11111)1" for "St. Paul," 
 " Swedenborg," or "Tom Paine," to speak through, you willatfrac 
 attention, and become <>f some consequence with all who believe in 
 spirits, and who do not know any better than to receive what cer- 
 tain " mediums " say about them ! 
 
92 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 Diversity of Means. 
 
 87. (5.) That, as the results we now speak of, 
 are always, in some sense self-induced, so they may 
 be brought on by as many different ways as there 
 are methods and objects for addressing either of 
 the external senses. 
 
 An "Idea." 
 
 88. (6.) That, after an idea has once possessed 
 the minds of certain persons, of any given state, 
 that same idea may bring on that state, either in 
 whole or in part. And hence it is, that persons 
 often sink into a state of coma, or a peculiar ner- 
 vous condition, without any visible means. And, 
 if they are made to imagine (11.) that that state is 
 brought on by the " spirits" who have departed 
 this life, it is all the same ! This law of the human 
 mind explains how it is that results are often pro- 
 duced by talismans, (33.) or. by visible substances 
 that are said to have been " magnetized/' The 
 mind of the patient must first be directed to the 
 subject ; he must have some previous knowledge 
 that a result of the kind has been produced ; or, 
 that it now, may be. Thus instructed, the mind 
 may be impressed by holding different substances 
 in the hand. (21.) 
 
 Children. 
 
 89. (7.) That children and the aged are not apt 
 to be very susceptible. 
 
ANTIPATHY, ETC. 93 
 
 Antipathy. 
 
 90. (8.) That there should be no antipathy, nat- 
 ural or incidental, between the operator and his 
 patient. 
 
 One or More at a Time. 
 
 91. (9.) That you may operate on one or fifty at 
 the same time. All that is necessary is, that there 
 should be perfect agreement between the operator 
 and the patient, in relation to the object of the sit- 
 ting, the time, place, and attending circumstances. 
 
 92. The patient may recline, stand up, or be 
 seated, so that his position may be perfectly easy. 
 
 Increase of Power. 
 
 93. (10.) And that if you impress one person in 
 a company where there are others to witness what 
 you do, this increases your power, as others will be 
 likely to be sympathetically affected, whether you 
 desire it or not. 
 
 How to form the Relation. 
 
 94. All that has been said enters into, or may 
 enter into, that influence by which you gain control 
 over the mind of your patient. But the specific 
 directions for forming the relation upon which 
 all your power depends, have respect to each of the 
 External Senses, which are the avenues through 
 which you gain access to the human mind. (47.) 
 You may address yourself to either, and produce 
 
94 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 results when the relation is once established. But 
 the best way for forming it is to begin with : 
 
 Hearing. 
 
 95. (1.) The sense of hearing. You peremptorily 
 ASSUME THE POWER to accomplish the result, without 
 the possibility of failure ! You are ACTIVE, positive, 
 and simply require your patient to be passive, neg- 
 ative. This assumption is made, by addresses to 
 the sense of hearing. 
 
 Sight. 
 
 96. (2.) The sense of sight This is of less im- 
 portance, at first, than hearing. Yet, if you secure 
 it, so much the better. If the patient fix his sight 
 by your direction, then you have secured that ave- 
 nue into his mind ; also, 
 
 Feeling. 
 
 97. (3.) The sense of feeling. As this sense is 
 located especially in the kands, you direct the pa- 
 tient to put his hands together ; clasp them, and 
 let them remain passive in his lap. The mind may 
 also be reached through the sense of feeling, by 
 placing one or both of your hands upon the front 
 and coronal region of the head, or if you pass your 
 hands gently over the head, the face, or any part 
 of the system which may be affected with disease. 
 If you operate on one at a time, stand by the side, 
 place your left hand on the top of the head, and 
 make the passes, over the sides of the face, with 
 the other ; or, stand behind the patient, and, with 
 both hands, make the passes over the head, shoul- 
 ders, and down the arms. 
 
TIME— POWER, ETC. 95 
 
 The Time. 
 
 98. If the patient be at all susceptible, all these 
 Rules followed, it next becomes a question of time ; 
 simply, as to how long before you can get control 
 of his nervous system. From one to twenty min- 
 utes will determine. 
 
 Power. 
 
 99. You should remember that you can exert, 
 in most cases, more power through three senses, than 
 you can through one. Hence, to ascertain whether 
 the Relation be really formed, you address your 
 patient and say to him, "Now you cannot pull your 
 hands apart,' ' at the same time putting your hand 
 upon his (sense of feeling.) The patient makes an 
 effort and finds himself unable ! Or, you close his 
 eyes, and then say to him, "Now, you cannot open 
 your eyes ! " He tries and cannot ! 
 
 Is the Relation Established? 
 
 100. This process continued and repeated a few 
 times, the Association, or Relation, becomes fully 
 established between you and your patient, and 
 this done, remember that DCr 3 his own will executes, 
 in his own nervous system, the DICTATES of your Love, 
 so that ivhatever you WILL or command him to feel, or 
 will, or do, (within the degree of his developments,) 
 results as the consequence. That is, if you express 
 your ivill to him while he is under the spell, your 
 control over him will correspond with the degree 
 in which your mind is associated with his, whether 
 in the Sensuous, MENTAL, or SPIRITUAL stat* 
 
96 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 In this way you may bring on the trance by merely 
 speahing to him, rouse him out of it, relieve him of 
 pain, cause him to have conceptions or perceptions of 
 things, real or imaginary, past, present, or absent — 
 Thus you may cause him to dream ; you may change 
 his appetites, disposition, and habits of life; and thus, 
 also, he may control and govern himself by his 
 own determinations, formed in his own mind, while 
 under the spell, provided you tell him to do so. 
 
 The Sitting. 
 
 101. The sitting should not be continued longer 
 than is agreea.ble to the patient. You release him 
 by the laws of association, the same as you began. 
 That is, you may address either of his senses for 
 this purpose. The sense of hearing, by the word, 
 "Done/" The sense of sight, by a motion of the 
 hand ; or the sense of feeling, by gently patting 
 the back and upper portion of the head. 
 
 To lie Remembered. 
 
 102. The patient should always be made ac- 
 quainted with your design, to produce any result, 
 beforehand, before and during the sitting. He 
 should become passive, and settle his mind upon the 
 result His sight and hearing should be fixed or sus- 
 pended) so that he may sink, without interruption, 
 or resistance, into a state of reverie. 
 
 103. The Eelation once formed, the patient is 
 completely controlled by your suggestions, as you sug- 
 gest, or tell him what he can do, what he cannot do, 
 what he shall feel, or hear, or see ; and, as sure as your 
 
DEGREES, ETC. 97 
 
 spheres assimilate, so surely will you see him doing 
 
 exactly what you have dictated or commanded to 
 
 be done.* 
 
 104. Bear in mind, that no two patients are precisely 
 
 alike, and hence the difference in your influence 
 
 over different persons. Some you may carry up 
 
 into a high state of trance, while others can merely 
 
 be impressed through their senses by what you say 
 
 to them. 
 
 Degrees. 
 
 105. As there are general states which may be 
 super-induced by Pathetism, and, as the good you 
 may be able to do your patient will depend, more 
 or less, upon the depth or height of the state, so 
 to speak, it may be well to consider each, a little 
 more in detail : — 
 
 External. 
 
 106. 1. The Sensuous state is that in which all 
 
 the results are brought about by addresses made to 
 
 the external senses. And these are threefold, and 
 
 have respect to what the patieht Hears, Sees, or 
 
 Feels. 
 
 Internal. 
 
 107. 2. The second is a higher state, and ex- 
 tends more into the Sympathetic, and this, also, is 
 developed in three ascending degrees : 
 
 (1.) In the first degree, the patient's external 
 senses are closed up, suspended. 
 
 * To fully understand the philosophy of this Relation, the reader 
 should by all means consult the author's large book on Pathetism, 
 published by Stearns <fc Co., New- York. 
 
98 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 (2.) In the second, his mind is at oneness with the 
 mind of the operator, so that his emotions, volitions, 
 and actions, correspond with those with whom he 
 is in communication. 
 
 (3.) The third degree, is that state in which the 
 somnipathist becomes lucid, and has an acute sym- 
 pathetic perception of whatever is forced upon his 
 attention by the mere will of the operator. 
 
 Spiritual. 
 
 108. 3. And higher still is the next degree, 
 which is Spiritual, because, in this state, the pa- 
 tient hears, sees, and feels, independently of his own 
 external senses, and independently of any force 
 exerted upon him from the operator, or from the 
 external world. And this, also, may be said to be 
 threefold, comprehending all that went before : 
 
 109. (1.) The patient has knowledge (according to 
 the degree in which his wisdom faculties are devel- 
 oped) of the external world. 
 
 110. (2.) He has a knowledge of the internal world. 
 "Whatever is comprehended in Physiology, Phren- 
 ology, the Physical, Organic, and Moral Laws of 
 the universe. 
 
 (3.) And also, of the spiritual world, or the 
 world of causes, the spheres above, the Laws of 
 Association, Progression, and Development, the 
 Final Destiny of the Eace. In each of these 
 states, various sliades of difference may be observed, 
 all depending on the degree in which the patient's 
 capacities are developed. But it should be remern- 
 
CAUTIONS. 99 
 
 bered, that one will succeed the other in the pro- 
 cess of time. The laws of progression are never 
 rapid. Hence the necessity of patience and perseve- 
 rance in the use of the means before described, 
 under the encouraging assurance, that there are 
 but few, if any cases, where they can be conscien- 
 tiously used in vain. 
 
 Cautions. 
 111. There is, really, no need of any difficulty 
 with your patient, at any time. Nevertheless, for 
 the want of attention to some of the preceding 
 Rules, you may, possibly, in some unlooked-for 
 emergency, find yourself unable to determine what 
 should be done, and you will remember it, perhaps, 
 if put down here under the head of caution. 
 
 1. Never become yourself, excited, while your 
 patient is under your influence in a deep state of 
 
 •trance. 
 
 2. If your patient becomes convulsed, do not 
 be alarmed. Relieve him in the manner I have 
 directed (103.) 
 
 3. If you find it impossible to rouse your pa- 
 tient from a deep state of trance, let him sleep it 
 away himself. 
 
 4. Do not suffer disagreeable persons to approach 
 one who is in a state of trance. 
 
 5. If your patient should relapse into an uncon- 
 scious state after having been once intranced, you 
 should FORBID it ! Do something to prevent it, 
 while he is in the trance, and say to him, "I will 
 prevent it ; you will not, cannot fall into it again." 
 
100 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 6. If you find yourself unable to control your 
 patient, have nothing more to do with him. Above 
 all, do not suffer him to be meddled with by oth* 
 ers, while under your influence. 
 
 7. On no account should any liberties be taken 
 with a somnipathist, (in testing insensibility to pain,) 
 which he would not consent to in his normal state. 
 
 8. Leave no false impression upon the mind. 
 
 9. You speak and act for the patient. Do not 
 say to him, "Be relieved," &c, but U I will relieve 
 you," and place your hand upon him, or do some- 
 thing else to him for that purpose. 
 
 10. Do not overtax the powers of your patient. 
 Evil has followed earnest efforts to induce clairvoy- 
 ance.* 
 
 Use. 
 
 112. This is the great question, after all. To 
 what use, to what practical benefit, may this know- . 
 ledge be applied ? What good can be done by it ? 
 Answer, any good ; any good that is within the 
 possibility of accomplishment. Is not the preven- 
 tion of crime, a positive good ? Is not the relief 
 
 * I received the following facts in 1845, from an excellent lady, 
 (the wife of Captain West, of New-Bedford, Mass.,) who soon after 
 entered the spiritual world. She was Pathetized during the period 
 of utero gestation, for her health. The operator was exceedingly 
 anxious to develop in her the power of clairvoyance : and for this 
 purpose he was in the habit of putting his finger upon the centre of 
 her forehead, saying, he would " make her see," or " give her eyes 
 to see ! " Her child was still-born, and had but one eye, which was 
 located directly in the centre of the forehead! 
 
USE OF PATHETISM. 101 
 
 of pain, the healing of the sick, desirable ? And 
 this I suppose to be the legitimate USE which ought 
 always to be made of this influence, common or 
 extraordinary. To encourage those, therefore, into 
 whose hands this little book may fall, to try to do 
 good in the same way, as they may have opportu- 
 nity, I close with the following details. Please read 
 them ! And bear in mind the considerations which 
 place these cases far above those certificates of 
 cures often laid before the public : — 
 
 113. 1. These are some of the very worst forms 
 of Nervous Diseases ; such as over which medical 
 drugs exert no power. And yet they have been CURED 
 by Pathetism ! 
 
 2. 2 hey icere not recent cases. They were diseases 
 of long duration, and successfully treated by Pathetism! 
 They have remained permanently cured!* 
 
 3. Here are diseases cured by Pathetism, for which 
 physicians never attempt to prescribe ; such as STAM- 
 MERING, and the use of Opium and Tobacco ! 
 
 4. In no one thing, perhaps, have the benefits of 
 Pathetism been so conspicuously shown, above 
 drugs, and especially above the letheon and chloro- 
 
 * I do not mean by the above to be understood as affirming: the 
 preposterous notion (taught by some operators) that chronic diseases 
 can be " cured in five minutes of time," by the mere dictum of tlie 
 lecturer! And yet by a word, and in a moment of time, an impres- 
 sion may, certainly, be made, often, upon the nervous system, which, 
 if followed up by the invalid, (in obedienct to the laws of health,) 
 will, in time, result in a permanent or chronic cure. See the au- 
 thor's "Book of Health," published by Stearns <fc Co., 25 Ann street, 
 New- York. 
 
102 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 form, as in the numerous surgical operations which 
 have been performed on entranced persons, who 
 have thus been rendered utterly unconscious of pain, 
 and from the trance there are no unpleasant effects 
 to be suffered afterwards, as is sometimes the case 
 from inhaling gas. 
 
 114. Paralysis and spasmodic Hysteria cured by pathe- 
 tismf — About five months since, I was brought down 
 with paralysis of the spine and lower limbs ; since which 
 time, I have not been able to walk at all, nor even to bear 
 my weight upon my feet. Besides other diseases, I have 
 been affected with a determination of blood to* the 
 head, and spasmodic hysteria ; so that frequently my 
 entire system had been thrown into convulsions, which 
 have been exceedingly distressing. When Mr. Sunder- 
 land commenced Pathetizing me, I did not anticipate 
 much, if any, relief, but am, with my friends, astonished 
 at the effects it has produced on my system. Besides cur- 
 ing me of the spasms, my limbs have become straight, 
 and I am now so far recovered, that / am able to walk 
 across my room. — Caroline A. Wilkins, 72 Carmine- 
 street. New York, July 6, 1842. 
 
 115. Fits, Insanity, and other Nervous Difficulties, 
 cured by Pathetism ! — For more than twenty years, I have 
 been horribly afflicted with cramp-convulsions, and occa- 
 sional insanity. "When four years old, I lay in one fit forty 
 hours. On being entranced in Mr. Sunderland's lectures, 
 my fits and insanity ceased entirely, so that my health in 
 every other respect was entirely restored ! Since that 
 time, I have been well and happy. — M. J. Mason. Phil- 
 adelphia, Oct. 8, 1848. 
 
 116. Tic Douloureux Believed by Pathetism! — For 
 eight years previous to my attending the lectures of Mr. 
 Sunderland, in this city, in 1847, I was severely afflicted 
 with Tic Douloureux. On being entranced by Mr. S.-, I 
 was very much relieved ; so much so, that I have often 
 considered myself quite well. — Mrs. J. Kedifer. Phila- 
 delphia, October 15, 1848. 
 
USE OF PATHETISM. 103 
 
 117. Epilepsy cured by Pathetism ! — About the first 
 of September, 1842, I was seized with convulsions, which 
 deprived me of my strength and reason. I was com- 
 pletely prostrated, and for three weeks was attended by 
 different physicians, who pronounced me epileptic, and 
 said I had a nervous affection of the heart and arteries, 
 and they treated me accordingly. Finding myself daily 
 growing worse, and fearing for my life, I sent for Mr. Sun- 
 derland. From the hour he commenced pathetizing me, 
 / began to recover ; and in the course of three weeks after, 
 I considered myself completely restored. — P. 0. Horn, 
 41 Suffolk-street. New York, November 15, 1842. 
 
 118. Cramp- Convulsions cured by Pathetism! — For 
 about six years, commencing when I was nineteen years 
 old, I suffered a most distressing kind of fits, which my 
 physicians called cramp-convulsions. — They came on once 
 in three weeks, rendering me perfectly insensible for two 
 or three hours ; and, for some days after, I remained very 
 much prostrated. I employed the best medical skill the 
 country afforded, without the least benefit, and some of my 
 physicians assured me I never could be cured. In De- 
 cember, 1845, I attended Mr. Sunderland's lectures on 
 Pathetism, where I became entranced, and thus experi- 
 enced the first relief I ever found from my distressing mal- 
 ady. For the last year I have not had one fit, and think 
 I shall never have any more. The pleasure I experienced 
 under the treatment of Pathetism I shall never forget, and 
 Mr. Sunderland will always have my heartfelt gratitude for 
 the interest he manifested in my welfare. — Caroline S. 
 Allen. Chickopee, Mass., October 8, 1848. 
 
 119. Gout cured by Pathetism ! — Mr. Sunderland has 
 entirely cured me of Gout in my head and shoulders, from 
 which I have been a sufferer fur years. — II. Major. Phil- 
 adelphia, March 25, 1848. 
 
 120. Tobacco Chewing and. Smoking cured by Pathe- 
 tism ! — I, James Cockrell, jeweler, of the city of Phila- 
 delphia, do hereby declare, that 1 am forty-three years of 
 age, and that 1 have, for the last twenty-Jive years, been 
 in the constant and excessive habit ot' smoking and chew- 
 
104 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 ing tobacco ; but LaRoy Sunderland has so completely 
 destroyed my appetite for it, that I now feel a perfect loath- 
 ing against it, in all its forms. — James Cockrell. March 
 13, 1847. 
 
 121. Opium Eating cured by Patketism ! — T, Mary 
 Hubbard, of Cabotville, Mass., aged 29, do hereby cer- 
 tify, that for seven years previous to December, 1845, I 
 had been in the constant habit of taking laudanum, till my 
 dose amounted to one ounce per day, when I became en- 
 tranced in the lectures of LaRoy Sunderland, and my ap- 
 petite for it was destroyed in a few days ; so that, for the 
 last eighteen months, it has never once returned. — Mary 
 Hubbard. May 28, 1847. 
 
 122. Insensibility to Pain during Surgical Operations 
 produced by Patketism, ! — The testimony of the doctors 
 present was, that the tooth had been drawn from the en- 
 tranced lady without pain, and it had entirely satisfied 
 them that Mr. Sunderland wielded an influence over the 
 nervous system, compared to which the strongest opiates 
 were powerless. While the doctor was^extracting one of 
 her molar teeth, the lady was as stiff and as unconscious 
 as a corpse. — Nantucket Telegraph, April 5, 1845. 
 
 123. Amaurosis Cured by Pathetism ! — My daughter, 
 Ann Elizabeth, when a babe, had weak eyes, and from' 
 childhood she had been afflicted with amaurosis, so much 
 so that she could scarcely read ; and, on account of this 
 and other nervous difficulties, she was unable to attend 
 school. This continued till she was sixteen years old, 
 when she was entranced in the lectures of LaRoy Sunder- 
 land, in this city, October, 1843. In a few weeks after, 
 she wholly laid aside her glasses, and has never used them 
 since. Her sight and health are now perfectly good, and 
 we attribute her restoration entirely to Pathetism ! — Ben- 
 jamin Hall. Providence. R. I., Oct. 31, 1848. 
 
 124. Stammering Cured by Pathetism/ — T, Celesta 
 E. Seymour, of East Granville, Mass., (aged 23,) do here- 
 by affirm, that until I attended Mr. Sunderland's lectures, 
 I was never able to talk plainly. For eighteen years, the 
 impediment prevented my conversing, so that, at times, I 
 
USE OF PATHETISM. 105 
 
 was unable to speak at all. Twice my tongue was operat- 
 ed upon surgically, without any benefit. My sufferings 
 from this difficulty, language cannot describe, nor can 
 words express my gratitude for the relief I have received 
 from Pathetism. In December, 1845, I. was entranced in 
 Mr. Sunderland's Lectures, and from that time to the pres- 
 ent, my speech has been free, and without any impedi- 
 ment at all. The gratitude I feel and the thanks I owe to 
 you, I cannot express. I sometimes think I am the hap- 
 piest person in the world. I often used to think, when 
 talking, I would give all the world if I had not attempted 
 to say anything, and would then resolve, that I would talk 
 as little as possible ; but now, I am free from that. A for- 
 tune would not tempt me to part with the benefit I have 
 received from Pathetism. — C. E. Seymour, Cabotville, 
 February 16, 1846. 
 
 125. Tumor cured, and Surgical operation superseded by 
 Pathetism! — "While Mr. Sunderland was giving lectures 
 last February, in the Tremont Temple, in this city, he was 
 applied to by Captain H. H. Watson (Charlestown, Mass.) 
 to Pathetize his daughter, for the purpose of rendering her 
 insensible while a tumor should be cut from her left breast. 
 The lady was about twenty-three years of age, and weigh- 
 ed about 180 pounds. The tumor had been examined 
 some eighteen months before, by a number of our first 
 physicians, who all agreed that it should be taken out 
 with the knife. One of them, pronounced it fibrous, and 
 another cancerous. It caused her much pain, and about 
 three months before she came to Mr. S., her attending phy- 
 sician (the late Dr. J. B. Walker) put a plaster upon it, but 
 took it off again in twenty-four hours, as he said it u only 
 made it worse." In about seventeen days, Mr. Sunderland 
 succeeded in securing the spell upon her system ; so that 
 she was utterly unconscious. Feb. 22, at 10 A. M., was the 
 hour fixed upon for the surgical operation to be performed. 
 The night previous was spent almost without sleep by 
 the anxious husband and parents. The patient herself 
 had not been made acquainted with the design, and at the 
 appointed moment she was .spell-hound, in a state of utter 
 unconsciousness, with her left arm stretched over her he^d 
 
106 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 in a state of rigidity resembling death. The operating 
 surgeon came precisely at 10, accompanied by three other 
 surgeons ; and, after arranging his instruments, waxing 
 liis thread, &c., he, with the attending surgeons, examined 
 the breast for the space of half an hour, and finally decid- 
 ed that there was no tumor there ! During the time she 
 had been Pathetized, the pain and the tumor had disap- 
 peared as by magic. That there had been a tumor there, 
 bigger than a hen's egg, all were agreed ; but what had 
 removed it, the medical gentlemen did not pretend to say. 
 Since that time there have been no symptoms of its return. 
 She believes, as does her husband, father, mother, and 
 friends, that it was dissipated by Pathetism alone ; and 
 her ecstacy in* being thus able to escape the bloody work 
 of the knife was excessive, as may well be supposed. — 
 Boston Chronotype, June 5, 1846. • 
 
 126. Aphony, [Loss of Voice,) and Despair, cured by 
 Pathetism ! — I hereby certify, that it is now more than 
 two years since, from a severe affection in the throat, I lost 
 my voice entirely ; and during this time, I have been quite 
 indisposed as to my general health ; that I have been 
 wholly unable to speak above a whisper, until last Tuesday 
 evening, the 26th inst., when LaRoy Sunderland, putting 
 his hand on my head, enabled me to speak aloud. And 
 I further declare, that for about one year previous to this 
 time, I had been in a state of mental despair, but from 
 which I have been completely restored by Mr. Sunderland ; 
 and I never felt more perfectly happy in my life. I can 
 only say, it seems to be fhe Lord's doing, and marvelous 
 in my eyes. — Mary Ann Boom. Albanv, N. Y., July 28, 
 1842. 
 
 127. Neuralgia cured by Pathetism ! — My wife suffer- 
 ed horribly from neuralgia for eight years. The doctor 
 tried to cure, but could not. Her sufferings were aggra- 
 vated from the state of her teeth ; but one physician said 
 she could not take ether or chloroform with safety. Thus 
 suffering, and when about given up to despair, in Sept., 
 1849, we applied to LaRoy Sunderland, for relief by Pa- 
 thetism. Thanks for his kindness, he took out seven of 
 
USE OF PATHETISM. 107 
 
 her teeth without pain, and since then, he has so much re- 
 lieved her, that she seems to have risen to a new state of 
 existence. The benefit she has received from his treat- 
 ment, it is not in words to describe ; but we can do no 
 less than, unsolicited, give this testimony of our gratitude. 
 John A. Spear. East Boston, Dec. 10, 1849. 
 
 128. Scrofula cured by Pathetism ! — Our child, a 
 daughter of fourteen, had been feeble and sickly from in- 
 fancy, and at the time of her first attending the lectures 
 of Mr. Sunderland, (about four weeks since,) was thought 
 to be by eminent physicians, in a very critical state, and 
 pronounced past help by them. She had become emaci- 
 ated to a mere skeleton, and was scarcely able from weak- 
 ness and debility to move about. She began to improve 
 immediately on being pathetized, and has since gained at 
 least fifteen pounds of flesh, and from being a peevish, ir- 
 ritable, and moping child, has become a joyous, laughing, 
 and sprightly girl. 
 
 It was in view of such facts as these, that Dr. Grandin 
 was led to exclaim — " If this is a ' humbug,' it is a bug 
 that hums to some good purpose." J. B. Yerrinton. 
 Boston, Dec. 21, 1849. 
 
 129. Want of Sleep, cured by Pathetism ! — The hap- 
 py effects produced by Pathetism upon my nervous system 
 and general health are more than I could well describe. 
 My mind is entirely relieved of despondency, enabling me 
 to rest better than I ever could by the aid of medi- 
 cine. H. M. Winch. Boston, Jan. 14, 1850. 
 
 i 
 
 130. Dysmenorrhea and sick Head-ache cured by Pathe- 
 tism! — Let me, from the fulness of my heart, add my grate- 
 ful testimony to what my husband has written respecting 
 the relief afforded me by Pathetism. The anniversary of the 
 hour in which you blest me with its sacred influence, and 
 saved me from those unbearable pains which I had always 
 been heir to, should ever be kept by me with joy and 
 thankfulness, more, even, than the day of my birth. S- 
 entire freedom from acute suffering 1 was nei with 
 before. My back is growing stronger, and now, t: 
 days have passed, and no head-ache ! My lull heart sheds 
 
108 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 tears of gratitude and joy. Mrs. Dr. H. C. Stone. Con- 
 cord, N. H., April 1, 1846. 
 
 131. Love of Intoxication taken away by Pathetism ! — 
 My dear Mr. Sunderland : — Since the influence exerted 
 over me in your lectures, the thought of any stimulants 
 which I had been in the practice of using, produces nausea, 
 and I am constrained to believe that I could not swallow 
 one of them any more. I owe you a world of gratitude, 
 and I can but hope I may never be overtaken by that 
 mselstroom again. New York, Dec. 22, 1846. Dr. T. T. 
 
 132. Troy, N. Y. — What Mr. Sunderland has accom- 
 plished during his visit to this city, has abundantly con- 
 firmed the newspaper reports we have seen of his wonder- 
 ful performances in other places, which, in the production 
 of psychological phenomena, especially those peculiar to 
 what are called spells and charms, place him far before 
 all other men of whom history has given any account. — 
 Troy Budget, Sept. 23, 1845. 
 
 133. New York* City. — Preambles and resolutions 
 adopted by a large audience in attendance on Mr. Sunder- 
 land's lectures in Mechanics' Hall, New York, on Friday 
 evening, Dec. 11, 1846, offered by the Rev. Zenas Covel ; 
 John F. Driggs, Esq., in the chair : 
 
 " Whereas Mr. LaRoy Sunderland lias produced results 
 in his EXPERIMENTAL LECTURES on the HUMAN 
 SOUL, which, in the opinion of this audience, fully estab- 
 lish Pathetism as the true science of mind, and that Mr. 
 Sunderland's knowledge of his subject eminently qualifies 
 him for imparting to others the philosophy upon which 
 this science is founded ; and in view of the great good 
 which a more general knowledge of this subject would be 
 the means of doing in the community at large, in the fa- 
 cilities it affords for rendering persons insensible to pain 
 while surgical operations are performed upon them, as 
 we have repeatedly seen it done by Mr. Sunderland before 
 his public audiences in this city ; therefore, 
 
 Resolved, in order to meet the wishes of many who 
 
USE OF PATHETISM. 109 
 
 have not been able to witness his experiments, Mr. Sun- 
 derland be, and he is hereby, requested to deliver ano- 
 ther course of lectures in this city, as soon as may suit 
 his convenience ; and that this preamble and resolution 
 be published in the city papers." 
 
 JAMES ASHLEY, M. D., Secretary. 
 N.Y. Mirror, Bee. 13, 1845. 
 
 134. Surgical operation performed by a Somnambu- 
 list ! ! — Mr. Sunderland's tenth and last lecture on the 
 Human Soul, was delivered, according to previous no- 
 tice, in Morris Place, to a crowded and highly intelligent 
 audience, on Saturday evening last. Long before the 
 appointed hour, the house was filled and " expectation 
 stood tiptoe," to witness the extraordinary phenomena 
 promised for the evening. Among those taken upon 
 the platform under the power of the charm, was Dr. H. 
 J. Paine, Mr. Ketchum, and a young man by the name 
 of Althiser. The other three were ladies. After caus- 
 ing Mr. A. to dance, and a few other results, Mr. S. pro- 
 ceeded to prepare one of the ladies for a surgical opera- 
 tion, and invited the medical faculty, the clergy, and 
 gentlemen of the press present, to the platform, for the 
 purpose of having them inspect the tooth to be drawn, 
 and notice the manner in which it was done. He then 
 took hold of Dr. Paine, (who was still under the influence 
 of the spell,) and led him up to the lady seated in the 
 chair. And now occurred a sight upon which, probably, 
 mortal eyes never gazed before. It was to see the som- 
 nambulic doctor in the process of extracting that tooth, 
 while both he and the patient were in a state of trance, 
 and neither of them able to open their eyes or move a 
 muscle, without the consent of the lecturer. The tooth 
 was very firmly set, and it required an extraordinary 
 outlay of strength to extract it. The lady sat during the 
 operation, without the slightest manifestation of con- 
 sciousness, though she is well known to be one of the 
 most fearful and timid in her natural state — so much so, 
 that she has been thrown into spasms, it is said, when 
 attempts have been made to draw her teeth while she was 
 awake. In a few minutes after, the Dr. himself was 
 
110 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 seated in the front chair, the spell still upon him, — and 
 another physician present, (Dr. Lyman,) proceeded to 
 perform a similar operation upon him ! This experiment 
 was intensely interesting, and highly satisfactory to the 
 audience, as we suppose it is the first and only one of 
 the kind ever performed, since old Adam was put into 
 the "deep sleep," for the purpose of having the rib 
 taken from his side. — Troy Budget, Sept. 23, 1845. 
 
 135. Philadelphia, Pa. — Quite an interesting ceremony 
 took place at Franklin Hall, on Friday evening last, during 
 Mr. Sunderland's lecture at that place. After the experi- 
 ments of the evening, the meeting was organized, and in- 
 formed that a piece of silver plate had been prepared by 
 the ladies in attendance on Mr. Sunderland's lectures, and 
 which they had desired Dr. Asay to present to Mr. Sun- 
 derland in their behalf. Dr. A. then appeared on the 
 platform with a most beautiful silver cup, which he pre- 
 sented to the distinguished lecturer, accompanied with a 
 few pertinent remarks. The cup bore the following in- 
 scription : 
 
 " Presented by the Ladies of Philadelphia to Mr. La 
 Roy Sunderland, for his successful and satisfactory exper- 
 iments in Pathetism, 1847. 
 
 On receiving the cup, Mr. Sunderland made a most 
 happy and appropriate allusion to the " character of Wo- 
 man,'' with whom nothing was impossible, but to shrink 
 from what gratitude, honor or religion should require, 
 whose compassion for the suffering had clothed the very 
 name with eternal honor, and allied her to the angels of 
 heaven. The lecturer expressed his sense of gratitude for 
 the extreme kindness with which he had been received, 
 during his sojourn in the City of Brotherly Love, and the 
 pleasure it afforded him in believing, from the largeness 
 of the audiences which had been in constant attendance 
 during some fifteen nights in succession, that the science 
 of Pathetism might now be considered as established in 
 Philadelphi, and his determination of visiting the city 
 again, agreeable to the expressed wishes of so large a 
 number of our citizens. — Native Eagle and American 
 Advocate, Feb. 20, 1817. 
 
USE OF PATHETISM. Ill 
 
 At the close of LaRoy Sunderland's lectures, on Mon- 
 day evening, March 8th, 1847, in Odd Fellow's Hall, Phi- 
 ladelphia, the audience was organized by the appointment 
 of a Chairman and Secretary, and passed the following 
 resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That we, citizens of Philadelphia, have been 
 highly delighted, amused, and, we hope, morally and in- 
 tellectually improved, by attending Mr. Sunderland's lec- 
 tures on the science of Pathetism, and we do hereby ex- 
 press our gratitude for the intellectual entertainments they 
 have afforded us. 
 
 Resolved, that in parting with Mr. Sunderland, we feel 
 the loss of one who has endeared himself to us, not only 
 as a most courteous and gentlemanly lecturer, but as one 
 having the most profound knowledge of the human mind, 
 of any or all, that has ever appeared amongst us ; and 
 that his mode of operating on his audiences precludes the 
 possibility of collusion, and that the subjects being our 
 relations, friends and acquaintances, is to us, and should 
 be to all, a sufficient guarantee for the truth of his experi- 
 ments, and the most wonderful natural phenomena they 
 illustrate. 
 
 Resolved, That the common courtesy due to a stranger, 
 who has given such satisfactory evidences of the truth of 
 Pathetism at his numerous lectures to the dentists, doc- 
 tors, editors, and other scientific gentlemen, specially in- 
 vited upon the platform for that purpose, demands from 
 them something more than a mere silent acquiescence in 
 the wonders of his performances. 
 
 Resolved^ That, Mr. Sunderland, in leaving us, does it 
 not for want of sufficient interest being manifested in the 
 subject by Philadelphians, who nightly crowded his exhi- 
 bitions, and who would still more so by a continuation of 
 his lectures, until no hall within the limits of our city 
 would hold them. 
 
 Resolved, That Mr. Sunderland will always find atten- 
 tive audiences, open hands, and warm hearts to welcome 
 him, whenever he can make it convenient to visit us again* 
 JOHN EVANS. Chairman, 
 
 Geo. W. Duncan, Secretary. 
 
 [Philadelphia Sun, Jfarch 10, 1847. 
 
112 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 136. Boston, Mass. — Pathetism. — At the close of La 
 Roy Sunderland's Lecture last Friday evening, Nov. 17th, 
 1847, the following resolutions, presented by Rev. Mr. 
 Morris, and seconded by Rev. E. T. Taylor, were passed 
 by a large and intelligent auditory — 
 
 Resolved, as the sense of this meeting, that we have 
 not only been highly entertained in our attendance on the 
 Lectures of Mr. Sunderland, by the new r , amusing, and 
 wonderful experiments he has performed on his audience, 
 but, as we hope, morally and intellectually benefited by 
 the information he has afforded us on the nature and laws 
 of the human mind. 
 
 Resolved, That Mr. Sunderland's gentlemanly and cour- 
 teous manners, his intelligence as a philosopher, his aston- 
 ishing success as an experimental lecturer upon human 
 nature, his generous attention to the sick in his gratuitous 
 lectures to ladies, commend him to the confidence and 
 patronage of our citizens ; and that we do hereby earn- 
 estly request him to continue his lectures in our city, as 
 we believe they afford not only instruction, but that kind 
 of amusement against which no valid objections can be 
 made. — Boston Ck. Freeman, Nov, 26, 1847. 
 
 Pathetism. — Mr. Sunderland is evidently fast awaken- 
 ing public attention to this subject, and demonstrating its 
 truth and importance as a science. He is now engaged 
 in delivering his sixth successive course of evening lectures 
 in this city the present season, and his audiences have been 
 the whole time highly respectable both in numbers and 
 character. During the same period he has given three 
 gratuitous afternoon lectures each week to ladies, in which 
 he has applied the principles of his science to the treat- 
 ment of disease. So successful have been his experiments 
 in this regard, that those benefited, and others interested, 
 have been prompted to present him with a valuable testi- 
 monial of their gratitude. On Saturday evening last — 
 after some astonishing and thrilling performances with a 
 class of somnambulists — a public presentation was made 
 to Mr. S. of a splendid gold watch, by Mrs. Dr. A. C. Taft, 
 in behalf of the ladies attending his lectures — accompa- 
 nying the gift with a beautiful and appropriate address, to 
 
CONCLUSION. 113 
 
 which Mr. Sunderland made a very feeling and pertinent 
 response. 
 
 The watch was double cased, with one diamond, and a 
 complement of jewels, and cost $228. On the inner case 
 the following inscription was beautifully engraved : — 
 
 "Pathetism . — Presented by Ladies of Boston to 
 LaRoy Sunderland, 1847. " 
 
 We believe Mr. Sunderland has received several similar 
 presents in other cities — and by his explanation of the 
 philosophy of mind and the laws of life and health, has 
 won for himself a commendable fame. — Boston Ckrono- 
 type, Dec. 14, 1847. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 137. Thus, reader, I have shown you, (as far as 
 was in my power,) how you may do good, by fur- 
 nishing j^ou with a hey for unlocking many, if not 
 all, the mysteries of human nature. While that na- 
 ture may be contemplated as a unit, and uniform in 
 the elements by which it is developed, yet, devel- 
 oped in different degrees, both as to qualities and 
 powers, we can see why it is that an INFLUENCE, 
 which is essentially the same in its philosophy, has 
 been known under so many different names. In 
 curing disease, it takes the name of "miracle;* 1 
 (12, and 114 to 131,) when low and discordant, it 
 is called "evil ;" in another form it is called, "the 
 power of God;" in another, it is "Mesmerism;" 
 in another, it is Combativeness and "War:" in 
 another, it is Benevolence and Moral Reform; in 
 another, it bears the name of Religion ; and here, 
 
114 
 
 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 too, it is high or low, as the sources whence it ori- 
 ginates correspond with 
 
 GOODNESS AND TRUTH I 
 
 Celestial Power ! in thy divine control 
 
 Is all that brightens and exalts the soul ! 
 
 Inspired by thee, the lofty spirit glows, 
 
 And forms its plan to lighten human woes. 
 
 At thy decree devotion brighter burns, 
 
 And human thought each selfish motive spurns. 
 
 The wretched seeks a shelter in thy dome, 
 
 In thy abode the orphan finds a home ; 
 
 For thee the missionary roams afar, 
 
 Thy word his law, thy light his polar star ! 
 
 All that is good and noble, pure and free, 
 
 Sublime and godlike, has its source in thee ! Lewis. 
 
AXIOMATIC. 115 
 
 AXIOMATIC. 
 I. 
 
 Manhood. — The true doctrine of manhood, is 
 individual sovereignty. Every human being, when 
 matured by age, becomes thereby, so far indepen- 
 dent of all others, as to possess the right of think- 
 ing and acting ; conditioned, always, that each 
 one shall, in his proper person, bear tjie cost of 
 his own conduct. - 
 
 II. 
 
 HmiAX Destiny. — The destiny of the race is 
 eternal progression. Hence, the beginning of an 
 existence which is progressive, must be imperfect ; 
 and that imperfection includes whatever there is of 
 evil in sickness, pain, sorrow and change, or death. 
 
 III. 
 The Problem of Evil. — 1. Absolute goodness 
 and absolute evil, are two absolute contradictions, 
 and therefore both cannot be true. What we de- 
 nominate evil, therefore, is comparative good. In- 
 fancy is an evil, an imperfection, when compared 
 with Manhood ; at the same time, the infant may 
 be perfect as an infant, but its state, when com- 
 
116 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 pared with the ultimate design of its existence, is 
 an imperfect one, and hence it must grow, and pro- 
 gress out of it, to one that is higher and better. 
 
 2. If, in any just sense, man's ultimate condition 
 may be said to be evil, or more of an evil than his 
 infancy, then of such an one may it truthfully be 
 affirmed, "It would have been good for that man 
 if he had never been born;" because his birth was 
 not a good to him but an evil. But how could an 
 absolute evil be "born," or brought into being, by 
 a Parent who is, was, and always will be, Absolute 
 Goodness itself! 
 
 3. If man be the creature of God, his (man's) 
 existence must be, on the whole, a positive good, 
 unless the source whence he originated be abso- 
 lutely imperfect. Thus, if the Love of God was 
 sufficient to desire man's eternal progression, and 
 His wisdom was equal to the means, it must follow, 
 unless we suppose the Deity deficient in power, and 
 thus lacking in force sufficient to accomplish what 
 his infinite goodness would prompt him to do, if 
 he could. Hence, if man's existence be not, on the 
 whole, a real, positive, eternal good, it must be, 
 because the Deity either did not desire it, or if he 
 desired it, he did not know how to accomplish ; or, 
 desiring and knowing how to accomplish, he could 
 not secure for the want of power. The notion, 
 therefore, of absolute evil, cannot be admitted ex- 
 cept with its correlative, that the Deity is not abso- 
 lutely perfect. 
 
AXIOMATIC. 117 
 
 IV. 
 
 Freedom. — Though man be a sovereign in re- 
 spect to his individual rights, yet his existence 
 being derived and dependent, in so far he is not 
 free. The laws, the nature by which he is devel- 
 oped is Fate to him, which is the good of which, 
 his manhood makes him conscious. Were his des- 
 tiny absolutely within his own disposal, he being 
 imperfect from the beginning, in knowledge, in 
 power, and love, absolute failure, might, indeed, be 
 the result. 
 
 V. 
 
 Authority. — In matters of Faith, then, there 
 can be no sufficient Authority but Superior 
 Wisdom, as developed through nature and reason. 
 The objection to Tradition is, that it is made up of 
 an indefinite number of disconnected links, and 
 even if the chain reach back to antiquity, it carries 
 us to periods when the Eace was more ignorant 
 than at present, and. hence, what was uttered in its 
 infancy, cannot be of so much authority, even if we 
 know precisely what was said. And besides, sup- 
 pose we could summon Moses, and St. Paul, and 
 Pythagoras, now to stand before us, and they were 
 each to answer the following questions in the neg- 
 ative : — 
 
 Have you progressed in goodness and knowledge 
 from the first till now ? Have you advanced any 
 from the views you entertained when in this world? 
 Do you receive more truth now than you did then? 
 
118 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 And how much authority would now be allowed 
 to what these worthies uttered three thousand 
 years ago, if they should confess that they had 
 lived all this while without advancing a single step 
 in knowledge. Or, suppose they were to assure us 
 they had progressed in goodness and truth. Then, 
 why should we be required to go hack, and confine 
 ourselves to the views of things they entertained 
 thousands of years ago, and when they had no bet- 
 ter facilities for obtaining knowledge than we have 
 now? 
 
 VI. 
 
 Individuality. — In one respect only, are all the 
 human race alike : In the elements of their being — 
 life, motion, and thought In all else, they must dif- 
 fer, as the degrees in which these elements are de- 
 veloped in each individual, differ ad infinitum. — 
 Hence, there can be no two absolutely alike in all 
 respects ; and, of course, uniformity of opinion in 
 the race, is not a matter of abstract possibility, 
 even. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Justice. — Justice, or Eeciprocity, is a matter of 
 necessity, as much so as the law of gravitation. 
 This is explained by the true Doctrine of Man- 
 hood. Each must bear the cost of his own con- 
 duct. Each substance thrown into the air is at- 
 tracted back to the earth, with a force, correspond- 
 ing mathematically, with its size and density. The 
 punishment corresponds, always, with the capacity 
 
AXIOMATIC. - 119 
 
 of the offender, and the law that is violated, 
 whether it be Physical, Organic, or Moral, as each 
 of these laws operate independently of the other. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Punishment. — The notion that man may vio- 
 late any Truth or Law of Nature, and yet escape 
 punishment, or not be hindered in his progression, 
 had its origin in the infancy of the race, and, is 
 gradually outgrown as we progress to manhood, 
 the same as we outgrow other notions peculiar to 
 a juvenile, imperfect state of being. 
 
 IX. 
 
 Religion. — The lower first and then the higher. 
 The highest Faculties have respect to the higher 
 Truths, — Science, Philosophy, Theology. Hence 
 the mental organs appropriate to Religion are the 
 highest. And, when it is considered, that what 
 we denominate Religion, embraces two elements, 
 Heat and Light, or Love and Knowledge, it is easy to 
 account for the prevalent forms of Fanaticism 
 which have hitherto prevailed. All religious 
 books, including the Bible, Koran, &c., show, how 
 far these two elements were developed in the per- 
 sons who wrote them ; how much they loved the 
 Divine, and how much they knew about him. — 
 And precisely the same inferences are to'be drawn 
 from the methods in which individuals or societies 
 undertake to worship God. The earnestness of 
 their services, and the pains they sutler, show how 
 
120 BOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. 
 
 much they love, the Form of their conduct shows 
 exactly how much they know of the Supreme In- 
 telligence. 
 
 X. 
 
 Harmony. — As God is Absolute Goodness, Ab- 
 solute Power, Absolute Intelligence, itself, so these 
 elements in Him are Infinite Harmony. Hence, 
 Progression is advancement, growth, from a state of 
 discord to one of comparative harmony. The great- 
 est good of each is Individual, Social, National, 
 Universal, Progressive Harmony. 
 
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