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 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
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 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 
 

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BY THE SAME: 
 
 GOOD WOMEN OF HISTORY. 
 
 ANNA LAVATER: 
 
 A Picture of Svcriss Pastoral Life in the 
 Last Century. 
 
 PRICE, $1 00. 
 
 RENATA OF ESTE : 
 
 A Chapter fronn. the History of the Refor- 
 mation in France and. Italy. 
 
 PRICE, $1 25. 
 
 QUEEN LOUISA OF PRUSSIA; 
 
 Or, Goodness in a Palace. 
 PRICE, $1 25. 
 
 PHILLIPS & HUNT, Publishers, 
 805 Broadway, New York. 
 
Elizabeth Christine. 
 
ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 
 
 WIFE OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 
 
 from (^zxmmx anb §t^tx 3omttB.) 
 
 BY CATHERINE E. HURST. 
 
 % 
 
 /3^ 
 
 RIVE I I_ L- U ST R AT I O 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 PHILLIPS & HUNT. 
 
 CINCINNATI: 
 WALDEN & STOWE. 
 
 1880. 
 
 ^ 
 
h!^ 
 
 Copyright 1880, by 
 PHILLIPS & HUNT, 
 
 New York. 
 
NOTE. 
 
 ^HE following volume is the fourth 
 in the series of " Good Women of 
 History." The chief source for infor- 
 mation in its preparation has been Ziethe's 
 " Elizabeth Christine Gemahlin Friedrichs des 
 Grossen," published in Berlin in 1866. In 
 addition we have used Carlyle's '' History of 
 Friedrich II., of Prussia, called Frederick the 
 Great," (London ed., 10 vols. 1872;) Abbott, 
 " Life of Frederick the Great ; " and Hud- 
 son, " The Life and Times of Louisa, Queen 
 of Prussia." (2 vols. London. 1874.) 
 
 The period covered by the career of Queen 
 Elizabeth Christine is one of great interest in 
 relation to the development of the Prussian 
 
8 NOTE. 
 
 kingdom, and the present " Life " is designed 
 to show how brightly a pure and noble char- 
 acter can shine, and exert an influence, amid 
 neglect and comparative seclusion, and how 
 the Christian life can be preserved and culti- 
 vated in the palace not less than in the cot- 
 tage. While Frederick the Great had his 
 victories, which attracted the attention of all 
 Europe, and will continue to excite the admi- 
 ration of posterity, the triumphs of his sad 
 but trusting wife, though of a very different 
 character, were none the less brilliant, and 
 were the fruit of a spirit none the less heroic. 
 
 Madison, New Jersey, May 12, 1880. 
 

 cSs>. 
 
 
 2^ 
 
 PAGE 
 
 I. Youth of Frederick the Great ii 
 
 II. Youth of Elizabeth Christine 32 
 
 III. Betrothal 42 
 
 IV. Marriage Festivities 61 
 
 V. In Rheinsberg Castle 73 
 
 VI. Happy Days 89 
 
 VII. Death of King Frederick 99 
 
 VIII. The New King and Queen 107 
 
 IX. Prussian Victories 120 
 
 X. The Queen's Sorrows 128 
 
 XI. More Battle-Fields 136 
 
 XII. End of the Seven Years' War 149 
 
 XIII. Elizabeth Christine's Literary Labors . . 160 
 
 XIV. Religious Life — Further Literary La- 
 
 bors 170 
 
 XV. Last Days of Frederick the Great 185 
 
 XVI. The Country in Mourning. 196 
 
 XVII. Fifty Years in Schonhausen 210 
 
10 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 XVITI. Incidents from Frederick William III.'s 
 
 Boyhood 217 
 
 XIX. The Fackel Tanz 226 
 
 XX. Beautiful Old Age 233 
 
 XXI. Rest at Last 246 
 
 dllwstrafioiT^* 
 
 Elizabeth Christine 4 
 
 Fritz and his Sister 15 
 
 Pleasure Party at Rheinsberg 82 
 
 Frederick of Prussia 106 
 
 Monument of Frederick the Great 197' 
 
ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 
 
 WIFE OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 
 
 ■4e» 
 
 I. 
 
 l^outh of !fi:ie4e)|ic)? the (pi^iaai 
 
 ?JHE reign of Frederick the Great was 
 one of the most Important in the his- 
 tory of Europe. His great power over 
 surrounding nations placed him at the head 
 of the mlHtary commanders of his times, and 
 laid the foundation of the present extent and 
 grandeur of the Prussian monarchy. PIIs ob- 
 ject was to build up his little kingdom into a 
 leading European nation, and he succeeded in 
 this great undertaking. 
 
 Frederick the Great, the son of Frederick 
 William and Sophia Dorothea, was born in 
 
12 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 the royal palace of Berlin on January 24, 1 712. 
 The event was celebrated throughout the king- 
 dom with every manifestation of popular joy. 
 The public and private buildings in the cities 
 and towns, and even villages, were brilliantly 
 illuminated, while bonfires were built in thou- 
 sands of public squares all over the land. The 
 baptismal service was celebrated on January 
 31, with all the display commonly shown in 
 monarchical countries to heirs to the throne. 
 The Emperor of Germany, Charles VI., was 
 present at the ceremony, and the State, the 
 army, and the Church vied with each other in 
 the splendor which each gave to the occasion. 
 The name given the child was Charles Fred- 
 erick, but the former was afterward dropped, 
 and Frederick became the only name by which 
 he was ever known, either during his brilliant 
 career or on the page of history. 
 
 The mother of young Frederick, Sophia 
 Dorothea, was the daughter of the Elector of 
 Hanover, and sister of George II. of England. 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 1 3 
 
 Little " Fritz," as he was fondly called, was a 
 very delicate child, but, at the same time, 
 sprightly and attractive. He was placed early 
 under the charge of a governess, Madame de 
 Roucoulles, who devoted her entire time in 
 caring for him. She was from Normandy, in 
 France, and of noble origin, and was among 
 the number of French refugees who fled from 
 their country on the Revocation of the Edict 
 of Nantes. She had, therefore, proved her 
 Protestant faith, and had won the confidence 
 of all who became acquainted with her in the 
 Prussian capital, and her Christian influence 
 at that time made a very beneficial impression 
 on young Fritz. 
 
 He began to develop his military taste at a 
 very early age. The atmosphere about him 
 was that of the army and warfare, and he was 
 accustomed to look through the palace win- 
 dows and admire the parades and reviews of 
 the soldiers in their bright uniforms, with 
 their banners flying and the bands playing. 
 
14 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 On the wall of the Charlottenburg Castle there 
 is a picture of him when only three or four 
 years of age, playing soldier and beating his 
 drum. His sister, Wilhelmina, is at his side, 
 and takes great pleasure in her little brother's 
 enthusiasm. She is gayly dressed and decorat- 
 ed with ribbons and flowers, while little Fritz 
 wears a blue velvet dress and sash crossed 
 over his shoulder, with a star or rosette on 
 his left breast. His cap is ornamented with a 
 beautiful raven's feather. The king came in 
 unexpectedly as they were playing, and was 
 so overjoyed at seeing the two children in this 
 brilliant array and military mood, that he or- 
 dered the court painter, Pesne, to be sent for, 
 and to paint them exactly as he found them 
 when he entered the room. This picture is 
 unique, and has been copied many times. We 
 frequently, down to the present time, meet 
 with it in the German book and print shops. 
 When little Fritz grew to manhood he be- 
 stowed great favor upon Pesne, the artist. 
 
Fritz and his Sister. 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 1/ 
 
 The king exerted himself in every way pos- 
 sible to cultivate the growing military spirit 
 in Fritz. He organized a miniature soldiers' 
 company for him, and placed him in command 
 of it. This consisted at first of one hundred 
 boys, but afterward numbered three hundred, 
 and bore the name of the '' Crown Prince's 
 Cadets." The king was very fond of these 
 youthful heroes, and lavished much money on 
 their equipment. Indeed, he seemed to take 
 more pleasure in them than in his whole stand- 
 ing army. 
 
 When Fritz was seven years of age he was 
 considered old enough to be taken from the 
 charge of Madame de Roucoulles and placed 
 under the guidance of tutors, who had been 
 selected with the utmost care. There were 
 three of them, and each was assigned a spe- 
 cial class of duties — Monsieur Duhan was a 
 French gentleman, of noble birth and great 
 accomplishments ; Count von Finkenstein was 
 a veteran general, sixty years of age ; and 
 
1 8 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Colonel Kalkenstein, a thorough soldier. They 
 very soon won the esteem and love of their 
 pupil, and to their wise care over him must be 
 attributed much of that inflexibility of char- 
 acter which afterward distinguished his entire 
 career. 
 
 The king, however, kept a close watch over 
 these men. He carefully observed their meth- 
 ods, and noted minutely the progress which 
 his boy made from day to day. He drew up 
 for Fritz a special code of instruction, which is 
 expressed in a most ludicrous and confused 
 manner. We give the most interesting part 
 of it, as translated by Carlyle, with now and 
 then a dash of his own comments : 
 
 " My son must be impressed with a proper 
 love and fear of God, as the foundation and 
 sole pillar of our temporal and eternal wel- 
 fare. No false religions, or sects of Atheists, 
 Arian, Socinian, or whatever name the poison- 
 ous things have which can so easily corrupt a 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 1 9 
 
 young mind, are to be even named in his 
 hearing ; on the other hand, .a proper abhor- 
 rence of Papistry, and insight into its base- 
 lessness and nonsensicahty, is to be communi- 
 cated to him. Papistry, which is false enough, 
 like the others, but impossible to be ignored 
 like them ; mention that, and give him due 
 abhorrence for it. For we are Protestant to 
 the bone in this country, and cannot stand 
 absurdities, least of all hypocritically religious 
 ditto. But the grand thing will be to impress 
 on him the true religion, which consists essen- 
 tially in this, that Christ died for all men, and 
 generally that the Almighty's justice is eter- 
 nal and omnipresent, which consideration is 
 the only means of keeping a sovereign person, 
 or one freed from human penalties, in the 
 right way. 
 
 '* He is to learn no Latin ; observe that, 
 however it may surprise you. What has a 
 living German man and king of the eighteenth 
 Christian century to do with dead old heathen 
 
20 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Latins, Romans, and the lingo they spoke 
 their fraction of sense and nonsense in ? 
 Frightful how the young years of the Euro- 
 pean generations have been wasted for ten 
 centuries back ; and the thinkers of the world 
 have become mere walking sacks of marine 
 stores. Learned, as they call themselves, and 
 gone lost to the world, in that manner, as a 
 set of confiscated pedants — babbling about 
 said heathens and their extinct lingo and frac- 
 tion of sense and nonsense for the thousand 
 years last past ! Heathen Latins, Romans, 
 who perhaps were no great things of heathen 
 after all, if well seen into ? I have heard 
 judges say they were inferior, in real worth 
 and grist, to German home-growths we have 
 had, if the confiscated pedants could have dis- 
 cerned it. At any rate, they are dead, buried 
 deep, these two thousand years ; well out of 
 our way ; and nonsense enough of our own 
 left to keep sweeping into corners. Silence 
 about their lingo and them to this new crown 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 21 
 
 prince. Let the prince learn French and Ger- 
 man, so as to write and speak with brevity 
 and propriety in these two languages, which 
 may be useful to him in life. That will suf- 
 fice for languages, provided he have any thing 
 effectually rational to say of them. For the 
 rest, 
 
 '^ Let him learn arithmetic, mathematics, 
 artillery, economy to the very bottom. And, 
 in short, useful knowledge generally ; useless 
 ditto not at all. History in particular ; an- 
 cient history only slightly, but the history of 
 the last hundred and fifty years to the exact- 
 est pitch. . . . With increasing years you will 
 more and more, to a most especial degree, go 
 upon fortifications, mark you ! the formation 
 of a camp and the other war-sciences, that the 
 prince may, from youth upward, be trained to 
 act as officer and general, and to seek all his 
 glory in the soldier profession. Impress on 
 him that as there is nothing in the world 
 
 which can bring a prince renown and honor 
 
 2 
 
22 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 like the sword, so he would be a despised 
 creature before all men if he did not love it, 
 and seek his sole glory therein. 
 
 '' On Sunday he is to rise at seven, and as 
 soon as he has got his slippers on, shall kneel 
 down at his bed-side and pray to God so all 
 in the room may hear it (that there be no de- 
 ception or short measure palmed upon us) in 
 these words : ' Lord God, blessed Father, I 
 thank thee from vc.y heart that thou hast so 
 graciously preserved me through this night. 
 Fit me for what thy holy will is ; and grant 
 that I do nothing this day, nor all the days of 
 my life, which can divide me from thee. For 
 the Lord Jesus, my Redeemer's sake. Amen.' 
 After which the Lord's Prayer. Then rapidly 
 and vigorously wash him.self clean, dress and 
 powder and comb himself. We forgot to say 
 that while they are combing and queueing him 
 he breakfasts with brevity on tea. Prayer, 
 with washing, breakfast and the rest to be 
 done pointedly within fifteen minutes, that is. 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 23 
 
 at a quarter past seven. This finished, and 
 all his domestics and Monsieur Duhan shall 
 come in and do family worship : prayer on 
 their knees, Duhan to read a chapter in the 
 Bible and sing some proper psalm or hymn as 
 practiced in well-regulated families. It will 
 then be a quarter to eight. The domestics 
 then withdraw, and Duhan reads with my son 
 the gospel of the Sunday, expounds it a little, 
 adducing the main points of Christianity ; 
 questioning from Noltenius' Catechism, (which 
 Fritz knows perfectly,) it will then be nine 
 o'clock. 
 
 "At nine he brings my son down to me, 
 who goes to church, and dines, along with me, 
 (dinner at the stroke of noon ;) the rest of the 
 day is then his own, (Fritz's and Duhan's.) 
 At half past nine in the evening he shall come 
 in and bid me good-night. Shall then go di- 
 rectly to his room, very rapidly get off his 
 clothes, wash his hands, and as soon as that is 
 done, Duhan makes a prayer on his knees and 
 
24 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 sings a hymn, all the servants being again 
 there. Instantly after which my son shall get 
 into bed ; must be in bed at half-past ten 
 o'clock. 
 
 *' On Monday, as well as on all of the days 
 of the week, he is to be called at six. You 
 are to stand by him that he do not loiter or 
 turn in bed, but briskly get up and say his 
 prayers the same as on Sunday. From seven 
 to nine Monsieur Duhan takes him on history. 
 At nine comes Noltenius, (a sublime clerical 
 gentleman from Berlin,) with the Christian 
 religion. This lasts until quarter of eleven, 
 when he comes to me and remains until two 
 o'clock, perhaps promenading a little. From 
 two to three his teacher must take him upon 
 the maps and geography, giving account of all 
 the European kingdoms, their strength, size, 
 and weakness, and the richness and poverty 
 of their towns. From three to four he must 
 have a lesson on morality, and from four to 
 five he shall write German letters so he shall 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 2$ 
 
 learn a good style. At five Fritz shall wash 
 his hands, come to me, ride out, divert him- 
 self in the air, and do what he likes if it is not 
 against God. . . . 
 
 " Saturday forenoon till half-past ten come 
 history, writing, and ciphering, especially a 
 repetition of what he has done through the 
 week. And in morality, he must be exam- 
 ined to see whether he has profited. General 
 Count von Finkenstein, with Colonel von 
 Kalkstein, shall be present during the Satur- 
 day rehearsal. If Fritz has profited, the after- 
 noon shall be his own. If he has not profited, 
 he shall, from two to six, repeat and learn 
 rightly what he has forgotten on the past 
 days. 
 
 '* Here, however, is one general rule, which 
 cannot be too much impressed upon you, 
 with which we conclude : In dressing and 
 undressing you must accustom him to get 
 out of and into his clothes as fast as is hu- 
 manly possible. You will also look that he 
 
26 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 learn to put on and put off his clothes himself 
 without help from others, and that he be 
 clean and neat, and not so dirty. Not so 
 dirty, that is my last word ; and here is my 
 sign-manual.* FREDERICK WiLLIAM." 
 
 It was the habit of the king and his family 
 to spend the autumn of every year at Wuster- 
 hausen, a hunting-lodge about thirty miles 
 from Berlin. These were delightful days, for 
 there was a freedom from the restraint of court- 
 life. Wilhelmina, Frederick's sister, describes 
 in her ^' Memoirs " the happiness of the family 
 in this retired spot, Fritz always being the 
 center of her descriptions, as he was of her 
 affections and admiration. She relates his 
 juvenile military exploits and the delight with 
 which he used to listen to Monsieur Du- 
 han when playing the flute, the instrument 
 v/hich Fritz himself became so fond of, and 
 
 *Cf. Carlyle, "History of Friedricla II. of Prussia, called 
 Frederick the Great." Vol. ii, pp. 13, 14, 19-21. 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 2 J 
 
 played with such great skill in subsequent 
 years. 
 
 As Fritz developed Into manhood his par- 
 ents began to arrange a matrimonial alliance 
 for him, according to the usage of royal par- 
 ents, who have a keener eye to State policy 
 than affection or congeniality of temperament. 
 The queen endeavored to contract a double 
 alliance with the royal family of England. She 
 wished Frederick to marry the Princess Amelia, 
 of England, and the Prince of Wales to marry 
 her daughter Wilhelmina. This would have 
 been a marriage of cousins, the Guelphs with 
 the HohenzoUerns. This was no ordinary un- 
 dertaking, but the queen, with the full consent 
 of the king„ used great adroitness for years 
 to bring about her plan. She arranged visits 
 for the English cousins, and made every effort 
 possible to promote an attachment between 
 them and her own children. She was in part 
 successful. The young people became very 
 fond of each other, but political affairs took an 
 
28 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 unfavorable turn to the alliance, and it was 
 broken off. 
 
 Wilhelmina would not admit, at that time, 
 that she was at all attached to her cousin, the 
 Prince of Wales, but in her valuable '' Me- 
 moirs," which she wrote many years later, she 
 confesses her love for him in those beautiful 
 days which they spent together in their grand- 
 mother's house in Hanover, and describes her 
 perfect delight when he made her little pres- 
 ents and called her his kleine frau — " little 
 wife." 
 
 Fritz, too, was greatly attached to his cousin, 
 the Princess Amelia. But when told that the 
 engagement was broken off, he had no redress, 
 and was obliged to submit. The effect on his 
 mind was very injurious. He became reckless 
 and cared little for the society of moral and 
 religious people. He sought a change of 
 scene by visiting Dresden. This was, at that 
 time, a very corrupt city. Fritz soon became 
 infatuated with wild and disorderly compan- 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 29 
 
 ions. He gave much of his time to playing 
 the flute. He was a pupil of Herr Quantz, a 
 celebrated composer, but at the same time a 
 man of very low origin and dissolute life. His 
 residence in Dresden proved very detrimental 
 to his moral character, and he never wholly 
 lost the ill effects of it. 
 
 On his return to Berlin he continued his 
 reckless way of living, seeking out companions 
 who were not at all elevating. Lieutenant 
 von Katte, a young man of bad principles, 
 was one of his favorites. One day the king 
 entered his son's room unexpectedly, and found 
 von Katte and Frederick in the midst of their 
 foolish games. They tried to conceal their 
 articles of gay theatrical dress and other for- 
 bidden implements, but were unsuccessful. 
 The king flew into a violent passion, seized 
 Frederick's handsome scarlet dressing-gown 
 and threw it into the fire. He then discharged 
 Monsieur Quantz, the flute teacher, who had 
 removed from Dresden to instruct Frederick. 
 
30 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Young Frederick was very indignant at the 
 severity of his father, and resolved upon flight. 
 He planned an escape to England, being at- 
 tracted there by his cousin, the Princess Ame- 
 lia. The king intercepted the flight, and Fred- 
 erick was compelled to return home. He was 
 pardoned for this offense, but shortly afterward 
 he, in company with his friend Lieutenant 
 von Katte, made another attempt to escape 
 to England. They were arrested just as they 
 were embarking on the Rhine, were tried by 
 court martial, and condemned to death for the 
 crime of desertion. Lieutenant von Katte 
 suffered the full penalty of the law. The king 
 gave orders that his scaffold should be erected 
 directly in front of his son's prison window. 
 Frederick was confined for some time, but aft- 
 erward pardoned. The king's views of justice 
 were so severely strict, that had it not been 
 for the intercession of the chief generals of the 
 army Frederick would have suffered the same 
 fate as his friend von Katte. 
 
YOUTH OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 3 1 
 
 After Frederick's release from prison he was 
 removed to a small house in Ciistrin, where 
 he was carefully guarded and subjected to the 
 wise instruction of professors selected by his 
 father. After signing the oath of allegiance 
 his sword was again returned to him. A very 
 decisive moment had now arrived in Frederick's 
 life. The king, his father, and the Austrian 
 embassador, Seckendorf, were negotiating for 
 a marriage between him and the Brunswick 
 princess, Elizabeth Christine. 
 
II. 
 
 ITouth of Elizabeth (^hi^isiino. 
 
 Elizabeth Christine, who be- 
 came the wife of Frederick the Great, 
 was the daughter of Duke Ferdinand 
 Albert, of Brunswick-Bevern, later the reigning 
 Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel. It was in 
 the old castle at Wolfenblittel that Elizabeth 
 Christine, on the 8th of November, 171 5, was 
 born. Her father was a lineal descendant of 
 Henry the Lion, the last of the house of 
 Guelph who held the united duchies of Bavaria 
 and Saxony, and who made Brunsv/ick his resi- 
 dence in the twelth century, fortifying and 
 adorning it. 
 
 The Duchy of Brunswick embraces three 
 detached portions of Country of moderate size, 
 inclosed between the kingdom of Hanover and 
 the Prussian domains, together with several 
 
YO UTH OF ELIZA BE Til CHRIS TINE. 3 3 
 
 smaller portions of land. The inhabitants of 
 this duchy are mostly descended from a branch 
 of the ancient Saxons. Personal courage and 
 open-heartedness are the leading characteris- 
 tics of the Brunswickers. They have the repu- 
 tation of being the best situated, in point of 
 
 I 
 
 comfort, of all the German duchies, and the 
 appearance of the whole country is indicative 
 of good order and prosperity. This is, also, 
 one of the best governed States In Europe. 
 
 Duke Ferdinand was a very heroic man. He 
 had fought in the " Spanish War of Succes- 
 sion," under the Imperial banner, and re- 
 ceived a wound from a cannon-ball at the siege 
 of Landau. He took part in the war against 
 the Turks under Prince Eugene, and there 
 won great fame. He also fought with the Im- 
 perial troops against France, in the year 1734. 
 His large and stately form indicated the hero 
 and brave soldier. He was an Industrious 
 man, and possessed great goodness and mag- 
 nanimity. But, above all, he was a God-fear- 
 
34 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 
 
 ing man. The man who knew how to work 
 dihgently also knew how to clasp his hands in 
 prayer. After he became reigning Duke of 
 Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel he relinquished mili- 
 tary service. 
 
 Elizabeth Christine's mother, the Duchess 
 Antoinette Amelia, was a beautiful and Chris- 
 tian woman. She was the daughter of Duke 
 Ludwig Rudolph, of Brunswick-Blankenburg. 
 The picturesque old palace where she spent her 
 youthful days is noted for its legendry. There 
 is a picture in it, still to be seen, of the " White 
 Lady," whom the superstitious not only be- 
 lieved to haunt this old feudal palace, but that 
 of Berlin and other royal residences in Ger- 
 many. For two years Louis XVIIL, of France, 
 found refuge in it. He lived there under the 
 name of Comte de Lille, in perpetual fear of 
 assassination by the French republicans. 
 
 Elizabeth Christine's grandfather, Duke Ru- 
 dolph, had a great love for the arts and sci- 
 ences. He was the founder of the Brunswick 
 
YO U.TH OF E LIZ ABE TH CHRIS TINE. 3 5 
 
 Museum, which now contains many rare speci- 
 mens of painting and sculpture. Paintings can 
 be seen by such artists as Raphael, Rembrandt, 
 Cranach, Holbein, and Teniers. Among the 
 leading antiquities are a stone carving of " St. 
 John Preaching in the Wilderness," by Albert 
 Diirer ; Kosciusko's cup, carved in prison ; Lu- 
 ther's marriage ring, and a large number of 
 other interesting curiosities. It was Duke 
 Rudolph's custom to set apart one evening in 
 each week for conversations on different sci- 
 entific subjects. On these occasions there 
 were always present the most "learned and 
 celebrated of the professors and ecclesiastics 
 of the capital and of the dukedom. He re- 
 quired his children as well as his grandchil- 
 dren always to be present during these learned 
 conversations. If these youthful grandchildren 
 did become thoroughly weary, and occasion- 
 ally fell asleep at the entertainments, the con- 
 versations certainly made a great impression, 
 and awakened within them a desire, when 
 
3 6 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 older, to increase their knowledge on such 
 subjects as they had heard discussed, but were 
 too young to understand. 
 
 Lessing, the celebrated German author, spent 
 the last ten years of his life at the court of 
 Wolfenbiittel, as librarian to the Duke of 
 Brunswick. Here Lessing published his " Na- 
 than the Wise " and several theological trea- 
 tises. The library, of which Lessing was the 
 director, contained two hundred and twenty 
 thousand volumes, besides the finest missals 
 in Europe, manuscripts in various languages, 
 and a large number of Bibles, among them 
 Luther's Bible, with notes in his own hand- 
 writing. Lessing is buried in the small Magni 
 Kirchof, and his grave is marked by a simple 
 stone. In the Lessing's Platz is a fine statue 
 of him by Rietschel. 
 
 When Elizabeth Christine became Queen of 
 Prussia she remembered with the greatest 
 pleasure those evenings spent in her grandfa- 
 ther's salons^ where she met the most distin- 
 
YOUTH OF ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 3/ 
 
 guished scholars of her country, and whose 
 memory she had cherished with the greatest 
 admiration. But one of the most delightful 
 and sacred events of the youthful remem.- 
 brances of Queen Elizabeth Christine was 
 when her mother, at one time, lay dangerously 
 ill, her father said to her and her sisters and 
 brothers, " Children, your mother is very sick ; 
 let us pray to God that he may strengthen and 
 restore her to health." He then kneeled down 
 and prayed with them. A few hours afterward 
 he returned joyfully and told them that God 
 had heard their prayer, and asked them now 
 to thank him with all their hearts. The ex- 
 ample of such a father, and the habitual exer- 
 cise of family devotion which was carried on 
 in that ducal palace, certainly had a great in- 
 fluence on the lives of those children. 
 
 Elizabeth Christine was the third child of a 
 family of fourteen. She had eight brothers. 
 The eldest of them was Duke Carl, who was 
 
 married to the Prussian Princess Philippine 
 3 
 
38 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. • 
 
 Charlotte, a daughter of King Frederick Will- 
 iam I., and sister of Frederick the Great. He 
 had acquired a great reputation, even as a 
 prince, by his services to his native land. The 
 second brother, Anton Ulrich, married the 
 Princess Anna, of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the 
 presumptive heiress of the Russian imperial 
 throne. But the glory which these marriages 
 promised to the House of Brunswick soon 
 changed to pain and sorrow. Elizabeth, the 
 daughter of Peter the Great, regained the 
 throne of which she believed she had been un- 
 justly despoiled, and, in consequence of this, 
 Anton Ulrich and his wife were exiled to Si- 
 beria, at the command of the empress, where 
 death put an end to their sorrow and banish- 
 ment. Their children, at a later period, were 
 brought to Denmark,, where they died disin- 
 herited. 
 
 The third brother, Ludwig Ernst, died as 
 Imperial and Dutch General Fieldmarshal, in 
 the year 1788. The three brothers, Ferdinand, 
 
YOUTH OF ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 39 
 
 Albert, and Frederick fought under the ban- 
 ner of Frederick the Great. The first, Duke 
 Ferdinand, was commander-in-chief in West- ' 
 phaHa, and acquired, by his victories at Cre- 
 feld and Minden, the reputation of being a 
 brave and talented general. He died in the 
 year 1792, at his chateau of Vechelde, and the 
 poor lamented his loss as that of a father. He 
 desired the following inscription to be placed 
 over his tomb : 
 
 "■ Ferdinand, lord of the manor of Vechelde 
 from 1746 to 1792, born at Masthofe, Bruns- 
 wick, on the I2th of January, 1721, died July 
 the 3d, 1792. A great sinner before God, but 
 pardoned through the blood of Jesus Christ, 
 his Saviour and Redeemer." 
 
 The tomb of this renowned and pious hero 
 may yet be seen at Brunswick in the crypt of 
 the cathedral, in the ducal family vault, bear- 
 ing the above inscription. Duke Albert fell 
 at the battle of Sorr in 1744, and Duke Fred- 
 erick Franz in 1758, at Hochkirch, fighting for 
 
40 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 the honor of Prussia. The youngest brothers 
 of EHzabeth Christine, the Princes August and 
 Frederick William, died in childhood. 
 
 Of her five sisters, the eldest, Louisa Ame- 
 lia, was married to Prince August William, 
 of Prussia, and became the mother of King 
 Frederick William II. The second, Sophie 
 Antoinette, married Duke Ernst Frederick, of 
 Saxe Coburg. The third, Christine Charlotte 
 Louisa, died unmarried. The fourth, Therese 
 Natalie, became abbess of Gandersheim, in 
 Brunswick — a town lying northward of Got 
 tingen ; and Juliane Marie, the fifth sister, be- 
 came queen of Denmark by her marriage with 
 Frederick V. 
 
 In the quiet life of her parental mansion, 
 surrounded by her joyful sisters and brothers, 
 Elizabeth Christine grew to womanhood. Un- 
 fortunately very little information can be giv- 
 en of her early education and development. 
 She was confirmed in the Lutheran faith, and 
 partook for the first time of the holy commun- 
 
yO UTH OF ELIZA BE TH CHRISTINE. 4 1 
 
 ion in the spring of 1730. Two years later 
 King Frederick William I., of Prussia, selected 
 this princess, whose quiet virtues he admired, 
 and whose father he greatly esteemed, to be 
 the wife of his son Frederick. 
 
III. 
 
 HE imperial house of Austria had 
 selected Count von Seckendorf to use 
 his influence in directing the attention 
 of King Frederick toward a union between 
 the Princess Elizabeth Christine, of Brunswick- 
 Bevern, who was a niece of the Empress of 
 Austria, and his son Frederick, hoping in this 
 way to unite the royal families of Prussia and 
 Austria. 
 
 The projected double marriage between the 
 children of King George II. of England and 
 his own children did not at first displease the 
 king, provided they were consummated under 
 certain conditions. But the indifference of the 
 King of England offended the King of Prussia, 
 and he finally refused to submit to the condi- 
 tions imposed by the former. Consequently, 
 
BETROTHAL. 43 
 
 at this time, the king was easily influenced. 
 While he was favorable to, and accepted, the 
 proposition of Count von Seckendorf, Queen 
 Sophia was firmly opposed to it, and allowed 
 no opportunity to pass without trying to prej- 
 udice her son against the person who had been 
 selected for his wife. She was aided in her 
 opposition to the marriage by her daughter 
 Charlotte, and they urged Frederick to speak 
 decidedly and firmly to his father. 
 
 The crown prince was still at Ciistrin, where 
 he had been sent after his attempt at flight to 
 England. By permission of the king he was 
 allowed to be present at the marriage of his 
 sister Wilhelmina to the crown prince of Bai- 
 reuth, which occurred in November, 1731, and 
 on this occasion became reconciled with his 
 father. After the marriage festivities were 
 over he was again conveyed to Ciistrin, where 
 he soon afterward received the following letter 
 from the king, which exhibits a tender sympa- 
 thy for the wayward boy : 
 
44 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 "My dear son Fritz: — It pleases me 
 much to know that you need no more medi- 
 cine. You must yet guard yourself for a few- 
 days from the severe cold, for I and all men are 
 fearfully incommoded by rheumatism ; there- 
 fore have a care of yourself. You know, my 
 dear son, that if my children are obedient, I 
 love them very much ; and that when you 
 were in Berlin I forgave you from my heart. 
 Although from that time I have not seen 
 you, I have not thought of any thing but of 
 your welfare, and to establish you both in the 
 army and with an orderly daughter-in-law. 
 
 " I wish to try and marry you well during 
 my lifetime. You may well be persuaded that 
 I have had all the princesses in the land ex- 
 amined, one after another, as far as possible, 
 with reference to their conduct and education, 
 and have chosen the eldest princess of Bevern, 
 who is well educated, modest, and intelligent, 
 as wives should be. You must write your sen- 
 timents to me immediately. I have purchased 
 
BETROTHAL. 45 
 
 the house of von Katsch for the field-marshal. 
 
 who will occupy it as governor, and I will 
 have the government-house rebuilt, and fur- 
 nished properly for you ; and I will give you 
 sufficient to enable you to establish a house- 
 hold of your own, and will commend you to 
 the army in April. 
 
 " The princess that I have chosen for you is 
 neither homely nor beautiful. You need not 
 say any thing to any one about it, but write 
 to your mamma, and say I have written to 
 you on the subject. The marriage cannot 
 take place until the coming winter. In the 
 meantime there will be an opportunity of 
 your seeing the princess, and you can learn 
 all that you wish about her. She is a God- 
 fearing woman, and that is very necessary to 
 your happiness. 
 
 " May God bless you and preserve you a 
 good Christian ! Always have the fear of God 
 in your mind ; do not believe in any particu- 
 lar doctrines ; be obedient and true, so that it 
 
4^ ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 may go well with you temporally and eternal- 
 ly ; and he who wishes that from his heart 
 says, Amen. 
 
 '' Your faithful father until death, 
 
 '' Frederick William." 
 
 Frederick only wished for a princess whom 
 he could love, and who would harmonize with 
 him in mind and sympathy, and this he did 
 not expect from the princess who had been 
 selected for him. He told General Grumbkow 
 from the begiiming that he was ready to 
 marry whoever his father might select, if she 
 were not awkward and homely; but in a letter 
 to the king he submitted himself uncondition- 
 ally to his will. 
 
 Meanwhile the princess had arrived in Ber- 
 lin on a visit with her parents. General von 
 Grumbkow, who saw her, wrote immediately 
 to Frederick, describing her in not a very fa- 
 vorable light. He did this so that when Fred- 
 erick came to see her he might be agreeably 
 
BETROTHAL. 47 
 
 surprised. This description annoyed Freder- 
 ick, and threw him into an almost desperate 
 state of mind. He could not think of uniting 
 himself for life to a woman who must be in- 
 tolerable to him. In this state of mind he 
 wrote to the general that he thought that he 
 had been punished enough for the errors of 
 his youth, and he would not submit to being 
 made unhappy for life by marrying a woman 
 who, he believed, would be repulsive to 
 him. 
 
 General Grumbkow, who had been especially 
 commissioned by the Court of Vienna to per- 
 suade the crown prince to this union, made 
 serious representations to him, on account of 
 these over-hasty and disobedient assertions. 
 He intimated to the prince that he feared 
 that the king would renounce him entirely, 
 or, at least, that he might fear the heaviest 
 displeasure from him if he did not submit to 
 this marriage. At the same time he tried in 
 every way to inspire him with an admiration 
 
48 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 for the princess, and send him the most favor- 
 able reports. 
 
 The king announced to his son the arrival 
 of EHzabeth Christine, and gave him directions 
 to give up his residence in Ciistrin, and repair 
 immediately to Berlin to meet her. The 
 prospect of perfect freedom from his former 
 banishment had a greater effect on Frederick 
 than all ether representations and considera- 
 tions. He arrived in Berlin on the appointed 
 day, and was introduced to the princess whom 
 his father had selected for his future wife. To 
 his surprise, she was much more agreeable 
 than he had any reason to expect. He wrote 
 to his sister : 
 
 '' I do not dislike her as much as I appear 
 to. I act displeased, in order to give more 
 weight to the obedience of my father. She is 
 pretty ; the hue of her face is like the lily and 
 the rose ; her features are fine, and, indeed, 
 her whole countenance can be called beautiful 
 and pleasant. But she has no accomplish- 
 
BETROTHAL. 49 
 
 ments, and presents an awkward appearance. 
 I think, however, when she is established here, 
 and has access to refined society, she will 
 develop. I commend her to you, my dear 
 sister.'* 
 
 He spoke to General von Grumbkow of her 
 as follows : 
 
 *' I have no repugnance to her. I think she 
 has a good heart, and I wish her no evil, but 
 I shall never be able to love her." 
 
 The princess was, in truth, if not exactly 
 beautiful, at least well developed, and of 
 pleasant features ; besides, she was plain, sen- 
 sible, well cultivated, and, above all, exceed- 
 ingly gentle and kind. She only needed ver- 
 satility and self-confidence. 
 
 She was more embarrassed than she was 
 aware of when she saw that the queen did not 
 receive her with that friendliness that she ex- 
 pected, and when the crown prince, to whom 
 she gave her hand only at the bidding of her 
 parents, met her in a cold and restrained man- 
 
so ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 ner. When she was questioned respecting 
 her wishes in the matter, she answered simply 
 that she would do whatever her father and 
 mother desired, and that the person of the 
 crown prince was not disagreeable. She 
 hoped in time, by her love and faithfulness, 
 to win his heart. 
 
 As King Frederick William was at this time 
 in poor health, and the Austrian court feared 
 that he might die suddenly, and that the 
 crown prince would then break the engage- 
 ment, they commissioned their embassador 
 to persuade the king to have the marriage 
 consummated as soon as possible. The king 
 had a great abhorrence to any thing that 
 was slow, and entered zealously into their 
 wishes. 
 
 The betrothal was celebrated on March lo, 
 1732, in the royal palace at Berlin. On the 
 evening of this day the king and the queen, 
 with the crown prince, their other children, 
 and their courtiers, repaired to the room 
 
BETROTHAL. 5 1 
 
 which had been assigned in the royal palace 
 to the Duchess of Bevern. Besides the par- 
 ents of the princess and her two eldest broth- 
 ers, the Princes Carl and Anton Ulrich, Duke 
 Franz of Lorraine, subsequently the husband 
 of Maria Theresa, and Duke Alexander, of 
 Wurtemburg, were present, as guests, at these 
 festivities. The king, in the name of his son, 
 made the proposition of marriage to the par- 
 ents of the bride. After their consent the 
 whole company repaired to the magnificent 
 saloii of the royal palace. There the king 
 completed the ceremony by exchanging the 
 rings himself. A splendid banquet concluded 
 the day. But all this splendor and joyful 
 demonstration could not blind the eyes of a 
 critical observer. Even Count von Secken- 
 dorf, who had brought about this union, pre- 
 dicted an unhappy marriage. We can imag- 
 ine the feelings of Elizabeth Christine when 
 she discovered, by the mien and the whole 
 behavior of the crown prince, the repugnance 
 
52 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 with which he submitted himself to the plans 
 of his father. On March 22 the king and the 
 queen, with all their children, went to Pots- 
 dam, and a few days later the Duke and 
 Duchess of Bevern, with their daughter, fol- 
 lowed them. There the betrothed ones took 
 leave of each other, and Elizabeth Christine 
 and her parents returned to their own 
 home. 
 
 The Austrian court and its embassadors 
 comforted themselves with the expectation 
 that the crown prince and the Princess of 
 Bevern would become more attached to each 
 other as they became better acquainted. 
 
 After the betrothal the king made his son 
 colonel and chief of one of the Goltz regi- 
 ments, which afterward bore the name of the 
 " Crown Prince's Regiment." As the first 
 battalion of this regiment was in garrison at 
 Neu-ruppin, he went there to live. The pal- 
 ace in which he resided stood near the town- 
 wall, and was separated from it by only a gar- 
 
BETROTHAL. 53 
 
 den. The building had great defects, and the 
 king was persuaded later to purchase and re- 
 build the beautiful castle of Rheinsberg. 
 
 In Neu-ruppin the crown prince occupied 
 himself with the improvement of his regiment 
 and the beautifying of the town. He sent in 
 reports as to the condition of his regiment 
 with great regularity, and kept it in good 
 order, increasing it by a number of recruits, 
 which assisted to win again the favor of his 
 father. Frederick, in a letter to a friend, de- 
 scribes how he used to pass the time : 
 
 ^' God knows, I live as retired as it is possi- 
 ble for me to do. I occupy myself principally 
 with matters concerning the regiment, and 
 with some other exercises — the economical 
 commissions which my father has given me. 
 After dinner and parole I generally enjoy my- 
 self in reading and music. At seven o'clock I 
 assemble with the officers, and spend a pleas- 
 ant hour. At eight o'clock I take my supper, 
 
 and at about nine I retire, and that is the 
 4 
 
54 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 way I spend one day after another, except 
 when the Hamburg post comes. Then I 
 have three or four persons in my room, and 
 we dine together. The only exercise I have, 
 aside from my regiment, is taking a short row 
 in a boat, and sometimes throwing a few 
 rockets in my garden. That is all in the 
 world that I do, and I do not see how I can 
 spend my time better in such an obscure 
 place." 
 
 The king was much annoyed that Frederick 
 did not correspond more frequently with his 
 betrothed, and reproached him for it. Fred- 
 erick excused himself on account of the slow- 
 ness of the post, and assured his father that 
 he wrote regularly every week to the princess. 
 But to General von Grumbkow he wrote quite 
 differently : 
 
 "■ My dear General : This morning I re- 
 ceived a letter from the king which quite un- 
 settled me. The Brunswick princess is always 
 
BETROTHAL, 55 
 
 the agreeable object concerning which he ex- 
 patiates. He wishes to make me fall in love 
 by force, but, unfortunately, I fear he will 
 not make much headway. He expresses him- 
 self in the following manner : ' As I have 
 learned that you do not write to your princess 
 with due attention, I desire that you give me 
 the reason for your conduct. I desire that you 
 write to her much more frequently.' I have 
 answered him that a fortnight has passed 
 since she has written to me, and that it is but 
 eight days since I wrote my last letter, and 
 that I, therefore, can give him no reason ; but 
 the truth is, that I lack matter to write about, 
 and often I do not know how I shall fill a side 
 of a sheet. ... I wish my father would bear in 
 mind how the marriage was arranged for me 
 nolens volens, and that my liberty was the price 
 of it. . . . 
 
 " I am beside myself because I must marry, 
 but I will make a virtue of necessity and do 
 it. I will keep my word. Now judge, dear 
 
56 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 general, if I am the stuff out of which good 
 husbands are made. You will see that this 
 manner of proceeding can only cause unpleas- 
 antness, and that a man gets all the more dis- 
 inclination against a thing the more he imag- 
 ines that he is becoming reconciled to it. 
 
 " I beg your pardon, my dear general, for 
 troubling you with my affairs, which are as 
 unpleasant to me as they are to you." 
 
 This letter completely unfolded the unwill- 
 ingness with which the crown prince had 
 reconciled himself to his approaching mar- 
 riage. Although Queen Sophia had really 
 not yet abandoned her cherished plan of unit- 
 ing Frederick to his Cousin Amelia, and was 
 using every strategy to accomplish her pur- 
 pose, she nevertheless told General von 
 Grumbkow '' that she would have every care 
 for her future daughter-in-law, and although 
 she had not had very good training, she had 
 a good character, and the rest she would find ; 
 
BETROTHAL. 57 
 
 and that her interest and confidence would 
 never fail her.'* 
 
 Elizabeth Christine probably little antici- 
 pated the gloomy clouds that had already 
 begun to overcast the future of her life. She 
 received and replied to the letters of the 
 crown prince with all ingenuousness and in- 
 offensiveness. She occasionally made him a 
 small present of the productions of her own 
 country, and comforted herself with the hope, 
 which her good and loving heart unfolded to 
 her, that they would finally be happy to- 
 gether. 
 
 Her future father-in-law, the king, the only 
 one in the court of Berlin who wished her 
 well, contributed in no small degree to 
 strengthen this hope. While at Aschersle- 
 ben, near Wolfenbiittel, before the marriage, 
 he wrote to her as follows : 
 
 *' Madame : As I am so near your highness 
 I cannot allow the duke to depart without 
 
58 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 humbling myself at your feet, while I hope 
 that you are well, and I wish soon to embrace 
 you in my own home. We will do all in our 
 power to make our dear princess contented 
 with us. Accept the inclosed gift as a re- 
 membrance for my dear princess, whom I 
 highly esteem, and welcome into my family 
 with joy. 
 
 '' I am convinced that my son will prove 
 himself worthy to share your heart, and I can 
 give you the assurance that I am perfectly 
 satisfied with his conduct. I beg your high- 
 ness to give my humble compliments to her 
 highness, your worthy and dear mother. Be 
 assured that I esteem you with my whole heart, 
 and that I shall remain until death 
 
 " Your affectionate father, 
 
 '' Frederick William." 
 
 It will scarcely seem credible that the Aus- 
 trian court, after having used every means in 
 its power to effect a betrothal between the 
 
BETROTHAL. 59 
 
 Crown Prince of Prussia and -the Princess of 
 Bevern, should suddenly and unexpectedly 
 wish to have it annulled. But this was the 
 case. The Vienna Cabinet, having become 
 friendly in its relations toward England, had 
 in view to sacrifice the Princess Elizabeth 
 Christine to this friendship. They aimed to 
 unite the Crown Prince of Prussia with his 
 cousin Amelia, and the Prince of Wales to 
 Elizabeth Christine, of Bevern. The impend- 
 ing marriage was, as is customary, announced 
 to the European courts. At the time of this 
 occurrence the King and Queen of Prussia had 
 arrived at the castle of Salzdahlum, a few miles 
 from Wolfenbiittel, May, 1773, in order to 
 complete the marriage contract of their son 
 with the Bevern princess. 
 
 Count von Seckendorf communicated in 
 person the new plan of the Vienna court, at 
 the same time delivering to the king a letter 
 from Prince Eugene respecting it. It can 
 easily be imagined how that honest and sturdy 
 
6o ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 king received the news of this diplomatic arti- 
 fice. His anger knew no bounds, and he op- 
 posed it in the severest manner. He rephed, 
 " If I did not know Prince Eugene to be an 
 honest man, I should think he dreamed." He 
 returned the letter of the prince to the count, 
 with the direction to return it to his cabinet, 
 and to apprise the court that he, for no ad- 
 vantage whatever, would be induced to fasten 
 such a blot upon his word and honor as to an- 
 nul a marriage contract which was to be con- 
 summated in twenty-four hours. By this firm 
 answer, alike worthy of a king and a man of 
 honor, the unprincipled scheme of the court of 
 Vienna was brought to shame, and the mar- 
 riage contract was concluded. 
 
IV. 
 
 /#^^(|N the 1 2th of May, 1733, in the royal 
 3^^^ palace of Elizabeth Christine's grand- 
 ^^j£\ father — one of the grandest ducal pal- 
 aces in Germany — at Salzdahlum, near Wolf- 
 enbiittel, the marriage contract was formally 
 and festally arranged. The old Duke Ludwig 
 Rudolph promised to pay to his granddaugh- 
 ter, Elizabeth Christine, within a year and one 
 day, a dowry of twenty-five thousand thalers, 
 and, besides, to provide her with a princely 
 wardrobe, jewels, ornaments, silver-plate, and 
 other appliances of the same nature which 
 were necessary to his princely house. 
 
 It was here decided that the household of 
 Elizabeth Christine should consist of a house- 
 keeper, two maids of honor, a steward, a gen- 
 
62 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 tleman-in-waiting, a secretary, two pages, two 
 valets, three lackeys, two waiting women, a 
 seamstress, and a laundress, as well as a maid 
 for the housekeeper, and a lackey and a maid 
 for the maids of honor. The engaging and 
 salarying, as well as the discharging of serv- 
 ants, was placed in the power of the princess, 
 with the express condition that no person 
 could be engaged or discharged against the 
 will of the king or the crown-prince. 
 
 King Frederick, also, settled a legacy of 
 twenty-five thousand thalers upon Elizabeth 
 Christine, and ordered that it should be added 
 to her dowry, making fifty thousand thalers ; 
 and that from this sum ten per cent, should 
 be given to her as an annuity in case of wid- 
 owhood. This sum the king promised, under 
 certain conditions, to increase by the addition 
 of nine thousand thalers, making fourteen 
 thousand thalers in all. Further, she should 
 receive twenty thousand thalers in case of 
 widowhood. This sum the king made payable 
 
MARRIAGE FESTIVITIES. ^l 
 
 to his daughter-in-law in the town and office 
 of Ruppin, which place he selected as her resi- 
 dence, if the crown-prince were to die before 
 she did. 
 
 After all of these courtly formalities were 
 completed the marriage was solemnly conse- 
 crated in the chapel of the palace, at eight 
 o'clock in the evening, by the Abbot of Dreis- 
 sigmark. The sound of drums and trumpets, 
 and the booming of cannon, accompanied the 
 conclusion of the sacred ceremony, which was 
 followed by a magnificent banquet. The 
 grandfather of Elizabeth Christine, the aged 
 Duke Ludwig Rudolph, had exerted himself 
 to the utmost to have the marriage of his 
 granddaughter celebrated with a splendor 
 commensurate with her rank. 
 
 On the following Sunday, the 14th of May, 
 the distinguished Abbot Mosheim, author of 
 the well-known '' Ecclesiastical History," gave 
 a benedictory address. His discourse was on 
 the blessing of the Lord on the marriage 
 
64 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 of the righteous, from the following lines : 
 *' Blessed is the man that feareth the Lord, 
 that delighteth greatly in his commandments. 
 His seed shall be mighty upon the earth : the 
 generation of the upright shall be blessed." 
 Unfortunately, the royal auditors did not take 
 much interest in this long and elaborate dis- 
 course, but gladly hastened to the festivities 
 which awaited them, and which concluded the 
 wedding ceremonials at Brunswick. These 
 were two Italian operas, Lo Epechio della Fe- 
 delta, (The Mirror of Fidelity,) by Graun, and 
 the Parthenope, by Handel, together with the 
 comedy Le Glorieux, by Destouches. There 
 was nothing wanting in splendor to render this 
 royal marriage one of the most, if not the 
 most, magnificent of the times in which it 
 transpired. 
 
 On the Tuesday following the marriage the 
 king and queen returned to Berlin, in order to 
 prepare for the reception of their daughter-in- 
 law. The crown-prince left at the same time 
 
MARRIAGE FESTIVITIES. 65 
 
 to bring his regiment from Neu-ruppin, that 
 it might be present at the approaching 
 festivities to be given in honor of himself 
 and his bride. Elizabeth Christine, with her 
 parents and grandparents, followed slowly aft- 
 er them. 
 
 On the 20th of May they were received on 
 the frontier by the nobility of Magdeburg, and 
 entered Potsdam on the 24th of June. The 
 king and the crown prince, as well as the son- 
 in-law of the king, the hereditary Prince of 
 Baireuth, accompanied by a great number of 
 generals and officers, rode out to meet the 
 young bride. The queen and the princesses 
 received them at the entrance of the royal 
 palace. The king then led his daughter-in- 
 law into the room of the queen, and com- 
 manded his son to accompany her to her own 
 apartments. Wilhelmina, the sister of the 
 crown-prince, accompanied them. Elizabeth 
 Christine now saw her sister-in-law for the first 
 time, and was introduced to her by her brother 
 
66 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 in the following language, which we find in 
 Wilhelmina's '' Memoirs :" '' This is a sister I 
 adore, and am obliged to beyond measure. She 
 is so good as to promise me that she will take 
 care of you, and assist you with her good ad- 
 vice. I wish you to respect her even beyond 
 the king and queen, and never to do the least 
 thing until you have consulted with her. Do 
 you understand ? " 
 
 '' I embraced the princess," Wilhelmina 
 relates, " and assured her of my attach- 
 ment. As no waiting-maid was in the room, 
 I repowdered her face myself, and arranged 
 her dress a little more becomingly. She 
 gave no sign of thanks, and made no re- 
 sponse to my caresses, doubtless owing to her 
 great embarrassment. My brother became 
 impatient and spoke harshly to her, bidding 
 her thank me. Without a word she looked 
 me in the face, and made a profound courtesy. 
 Not much pleased with such a display of gen- 
 ius, I took her back to the queen's apart- 
 
MARRIAGE FESTIVITIES. 6/ 
 
 ment." * Wilhelmina did not abandon her 
 prote'gd. She gives herself great credit, how- 
 ever, for having done her utmost to polish 
 this rough diamond presented to her as a 
 sister-in-law. 
 
 We may imagine the feelings of the young 
 bride, who could not fail to see how- she was 
 esteemed at the Prussian court, and with what 
 indifference she was there received. 
 
 As the cherished plan of Queen Sophia's 
 life had been frustrated in this marriage, it 
 could not be expected that she could have 
 much affection for her new daughter — indeed, 
 she treated her very rudely. The crown- 
 prince tried to conceal the fact as much as 
 possible that his young wife was forced upon 
 him by his father, and endeavored to conduct 
 himself with as much dignity as possible. 
 
 The king was the only one in the royal fam- 
 ily who manifested a hearty and friendly good- 
 
 "^Memoires de Frederique Sophie Wilhelmina de Prusse, 
 Margrave de B air tit h. London, 1812. 
 
68 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 will toward her. He knew how to value her 
 good qualities, although he considered her a 
 child who needed to receive much instruction. 
 Wilhelmina, the Margravine of Baireuth, gives, 
 in her " Memoires," the following description 
 of her sister-in-law : *' The crown-princess is 
 large, and of bad form and manners ; her face 
 is of dazzling white, and this complexion is 
 heightened by the loveliest color ; her eyes are 
 of a pale blue, and do not bespeak much spirit 
 or animation ; her mouth is small ; all her feat- 
 ures are fine, without being beautiful. Tak- 
 ing her face as a whole, it is so charming and 
 child-like that one would almost think the head 
 belonged to a child of twelve years. Her hair 
 is blonde, and curls naturally ; her teeth are 
 discolored, and very irregular. She has very 
 little grace, and is awkward in conversation — 
 so much so, that one is obliged to anticipate 
 what she wishes to say, which produces much 
 embarrassment." 
 
 On the day following their reception in 
 
MARRIAGE FESTIVITIES. 69 
 
 Potsdam the king had a review of the great 
 royal regiment In the presence of his guests, 
 which was very Imposing. After dinner he 
 and the crown-prince returned to Berhn, while 
 the other princely personages, and among 
 them the young bride, repaired to Charlot- 
 tenburg. 
 
 On Saturday, the 27th of June, the crown- 
 princess made her entrance into the capital 
 through the Brandenburg gate, amid the boom- 
 ing of cannon, and with an escort of sixty 
 State carriages, each being drawn by six pairs 
 of horses. At five o'clock in the afternoon the 
 cortege arrived at the royal palace, where din- 
 ner was served. At nine o'clock in the even- 
 ing the king and queen, as well as the whole 
 royal court, accompanied the crown-princess 
 to her palace, opposite the arsenal. 
 
 The day following being Sunday, the royal 
 family attended St. Peter's Church, which had 
 been rebuilt, and was on this occasion solemn- 
 ly re-consecrated. In the evening the crown- 
 5 
 
70 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 princess received, in her palace, the clergy and 
 the royal and the municipal authorities of 
 Berlin. Although this finished the ceremonies 
 connected with the marriage, the festivities 
 which awaited her in the court were not yet 
 ended. Only three days later, July I, the 
 marriage of her eldest brother, the hereditary 
 Prince Karl, of Brunswick, with the sister of 
 her husband, Princess Philippine Charlotte, 
 was celebrated with great pomp and renewed 
 festivities, and the young bride must again 
 appear in public with her royal relatives. 
 
 It may well be imagined that Elizabeth 
 Christine, in the midst of all these gay sur- 
 roundings, longed sometimes for the quietness 
 of her early home, where she could have that 
 freedom that it was not possible for her to 
 have in her new situation. The vows that 
 she had solemnly taken before the altar, and 
 the obligations that she had pledged, severed 
 all the ties that had been so dear and precious 
 to her in childhood. Her greatest and most 
 
MARRIAGE FESTIVITIES. "J I 
 
 sacred desire now was to win the heart of her 
 husband, which she hoped to do by tender, 
 devoted, and faithful love. She gladly ac- 
 companied Frederick from Berlin to his head- 
 quarters at Neu-ruppin, where they spent the 
 most of their time until they went to occupy 
 the castle at Rheinsberg. The uniform quiet 
 of Elizabeth Christine's rural life at Neu rup- 
 pin was interrupted only by occasional jour- 
 neys. She visited the king at Wusterhausen 
 in the fall of 1733, and was received by him 
 with great friendliness. On her return home 
 she wrote to him how much pleasure her visit 
 had given her, and expressed to him the 
 gratitude that she felt in being so kindly 
 received. Accompanying this letter were 
 several delicacies for his majesty's table, 
 which the princess had prepared herself. The 
 king received these tokens of love with more 
 than ordinary pleasure, but what gratified him 
 most was the assurance that his daughter-in- 
 law had overcome her first unfavorable im- 
 
72 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 pressions, and was happy in conducting her 
 household at Neu-ruppin. 
 
 In January of the following year she visited 
 Wolfenbiittel. How long she remained in her 
 childhood's home is not known. We find, 
 however, that in April she was again in Neu- 
 ruppin, and can find no record that she ever 
 again visited her paternal home. 
 
 The crown-prince at this time was engaged 
 in the campaign on the Rhine, under the lead- 
 ership of Prince Eugene. The remainder of 
 the time, with the exception of the annual 
 revenue journey, on which he always accom- 
 panied his father, he spent in company with 
 his wife, either at Neu-ruppin or Berlin. 
 
V. 
 
 "OON after the marriage of the crown- 
 3) prince King Frederick presented him 
 with the charming old castle of Rheins- 
 berg, with money sufficient to properly refit it. 
 He was successful, with the sum appropriated, 
 in having the grounds and castle beautifully 
 renovated. 
 
 A historian who saw it about the time of 
 its completion gives the following description 
 of it : 
 
 *' The position of this old feudal castle is 
 delightful. A great lake almost washes its 
 walls on one side, and on the other side of it 
 there is a beautiful amphitheater of woods 
 of oak and beech. The old castle consisted 
 only of a main building with a wing, at the 
 end of which stood an old, dilapidated tower. 
 
74 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 
 
 The principal edifice was improved and beau- 
 tified by arches, statues, and all manner of 
 adornments that ingenuity could furnish. On 
 the other side a wing and tower were built, 
 and these two towers were united by a double 
 row of columns adorned with statuary. By 
 these arrangements the whole took the form 
 of a quadrangle. At the entrance there is a 
 bridge, decorated with statues, which serve as 
 supports for lamps. One enters the court by 
 a beautiful portal, over which is placed the 
 words: Friderico tranquillitatem colenti. 
 
 " The interior of the edifice is most mag- 
 nificent. In every direction that one may 
 turn he sees frescoing, sculpture, and paint- 
 ing, which has been done by the most emi- 
 nent artists. As the crown-prince loved only 
 delicate colors, his taste was minutely ob- 
 served. The furniture and drapery are of a 
 delicate violet, a^ure, light green, or flesh color, 
 enchased with silver. The library is unique. 
 It is situated in one of the towers, and there is 
 
IN RHEINSBERG CASTLE. 75 
 
 nothing wanting to it that the arts could fur- 
 nish. The frescoing was done by the cele- 
 brated Pesne, the favorite of Frederick. From 
 one of the windows one commands a view of 
 the lake, with its little tufted islands — Remus 
 Island, much noted, among them. The lake 
 is lovely, lying between you and the sunset, 
 with perhaps some other lakelet, or solitary 
 pool in the wilderness, many miles away, ' re- 
 vealing itself as a cup of molten gold.' The 
 library does not contain a very large number, 
 but a well-selected collection, of the best 
 French and German authors. The bookcases 
 are inclosed in glass, and decorated with the 
 most exquisite gilt carving. A life-sized por- 
 trait of Voltaire hangs in the room. He is 
 the favorite of the crown-prince, but he has a 
 great admiration for all the best French poets 
 and writers. 
 
 " Elizabeth Christine's apartments are ex- 
 ceedingly beautiful, the anteroom especially. 
 This room is twenty-five feet in height, and 
 
76 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 
 
 contains six windows, three of them in the 
 main front, looking toward the town, the 
 other three toward the interior court. The 
 light from these windows is heightened by 
 mirrors covering the piers or interspaces of 
 the walls to an uncommonly high degree, and 
 shows the frescoing on the ceiling to great 
 perfection. Pesne has succeeded in putting 
 on his colors so softly, and with such delicate 
 skill, that the light sunbeams seem to prolong 
 themselves into the painted clouds and air, 
 and it seems as if it were the real sky you 
 had over your head. There, in that cloud- 
 region, * Mars is being disarmed by the Love- 
 goddesses, and they are sporting with his 
 weapons. He stretches out his arm toward 
 the goddesses, who look upon him with fond 
 glances. Cupids are spreading out a draping.* 
 "Weapon-festoons, in bass-relief, gilt, adorn 
 the walls of this room, and there are two pict- 
 ures, which represent in life-size the king and 
 queen, Frederick William and Sophia. Over 
 
IN RHEINSBERG CASTLE. 77 
 
 each of the doors you see in low-relief the 
 profiles of Hannibal, Pompey, Scipio, and 
 Gsesar, introduced as medallions. 
 
 " While it seems impossible to surpass this 
 room in artistic beauty, there is still another 
 salon which connoisseurs pronounce almost 
 an ideal. The representation on this ceiling 
 of the Music Salon, is ' Black Night making 
 off, with all her sickly dews, at one end of the 
 ceiling, and at the other end, the steeds of 
 Phoebus bursting forth — with cupids, love- 
 goddesses, war-gods, not omitting Bacchus 
 and his vines.' The main avenue is finished 
 with an obelisk, after the Egyptian style, con- 
 taining hieroglyphics. Grottoes, pavilions, 
 orangeries, artificial ruins, hermitages, arbors, 
 and rustic seats are arranged in the most per- 
 fect taste. The crown-prince has two pleasure- 
 boats on the lake to convey his friends to the 
 edge of the wood." 
 
 This castle was so far completed in 1736 
 that it could be occupied. The king and 
 
78 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 queen then made an inaugural visit, and re- 
 mained in it for several days, finding great 
 amusement and pleasure in fishing, hunting, 
 and other sports. Up to this time the crown- 
 prince and Elizabeth Christine had divided 
 their time between Berlin and Neu-ruppin. 
 During these first years of their married life 
 they seemed happy. 
 
 The crown-prince gave the most of his time 
 to earnest study and pleasant amusements. 
 He thus described his mode of life to his friend, 
 the Privy Counselor von Suhm : '' I do not 
 fear displeasing you if I say a few words about 
 our rural pastimes ; for he whom one loves he 
 wishes to make acquainted with the most im- 
 portant events of his life. We have divided 
 our occupation into two classes — useful and 
 pleasant. Among the useful I reckon the 
 study of philosophy, history, and the lan- 
 guages. Among the pleasant are music, com- 
 edy, and tragedy, which we find necessary for 
 the entertainment of our guests. Solid and 
 
IN RHEINSBERG CASTLE. 79 
 
 earnest occupations, however, have the prefer- 
 ence, and I can say candidly, that we only 
 make a reasonable use of pleasures, since they 
 serve as a relaxation from the earnestness 
 of philosophy, w^hich cannot easily bring the 
 graces to a friendly face." 
 
 A few months later he wrote to the same 
 friend : " My house is not a place where one 
 can enjoy himself with the bustle of the out- 
 side world. Are not quiet and a seeking after 
 truth much to be preferred to the noisy and 
 vain pleasures of the world ? I have never 
 spent such happy days as I am now spending 
 here." 
 
 In the following year he wrote to his friend, 
 Colonel Camas : " The report which I would 
 make to you of what has befallen us during 
 the last four months would not be very inter- 
 esting. The events during that time have had 
 no variety. You would see a man on every 
 side with his nose chained to his book ; you 
 would see him leave this now and again in 
 
So ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 order to take up his pen, and then exchange 
 these employments for the flute. Such a pict- 
 ure is never wanting, so that there is not 
 much to excite desire, or stir up envy. To 
 tell the truth, I scarcely know what kind of 
 weather we are having. The circle of my act- 
 ivity stretches no farther than from my cham- 
 ber to my writing-desk. I am the only one 
 in our circle who does not enjoy hunting. In- 
 deed, I study for the whole company ; thus 
 each one is satisfied and no one deprived of 
 his pleasure." 
 
 In 1738 he wrote to his teacher, M. Duhan : 
 " I am more than ever buried among my 
 books. I strive to redeem the time which I 
 lost so thoughtlessly in my youth, and am 
 collecting, as far as I can, all the information 
 in my power. I am striving to acquire that 
 knowledge which is necessary for me to dis- 
 charge worthily all the duties that devolve 
 upon me in my position. I wish to store my 
 mind with all that is excellent in both ancient 
 
IN RHEINSBERG CASTLE. 83 
 
 and modern history, with every part of which 
 I wish to be perfectly famiUar." 
 
 Besides earnest study, which the crown- 
 prince describes to his friends, he and Eliza- 
 beth Christine found time for social enjoy- 
 ment. A participator in these pleasures writes 
 of them as follows: **A11 those who live in the 
 castle enjoy an unlimited freedom as to the 
 selection of their occupations and pleasures. 
 We see the prince and princess only at table, 
 at play, or on other occasions of recreation in 
 which they participate. Each thinks, reads, 
 paints, designs, plays an instrument, writes, 
 and enjoys or occupies himself or herself in 
 their room. The conversation of the prince at 
 table is interesting and elevating. He talks 
 much and well. When dinner is finished all 
 the gentleman repair to the room of one of the 
 ladies, who prepare coffee alternately, from 
 the chief house-keeper to the strangers. The 
 whole court assemble in the room of the one 
 whose day it is to serve the coffee. There 
 
84 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 they chat, arrange plays, promenade, and enjoy 
 a pleasant hour together. The crown-prince 
 and princess take their coffee together in their 
 own room. The evenings are generally devot- 
 ed to music. The prince has concerts in his 
 own apartments, to which no one has admit- 
 tance without an invitation, and such an invi- 
 tation is considered a great favor. He general- 
 ly plays a sonata on the flute, which instrument 
 he plays to perfection. He is particularly fond 
 of all kind of amusements, except hunting, 
 which he holds in abhorrence. In this man- 
 ner we pass our days in peace and happiness. 
 The royal table, English music, delightful 
 promenades in the gardens and meadows, sail- 
 ing parties, the fine arts and sciences, and in- 
 tellectual conversation, are united in order to 
 give a charm to life in this enchanted castle." 
 Elizabeth Christine had but one desire, and 
 that was to live according to the pleasure of 
 her husband. She followed his inclination and 
 wishes even in her occupations. She was ac- 
 
IN RHEINSBERG CASTLE. 85 
 
 customed from childhood to listening to the 
 conversation of men of culture and refinement, 
 being much of her time at her grandfather's 
 court. But Voltaire was scarcely known at 
 Wolfenbiittel, and many authors whom her 
 husband and his suite were perfectly familiar 
 with she had never heard of. Thus the court 
 life at Brunswick was quite different from 
 that at Rheinsberg. 
 
 Christine exerted herself, however, out of 
 love for her husband, to become familiar with 
 whatever subject she thought would be pleas- 
 ing to him. She received instruction in the 
 French language, and her teacher advised and 
 procured for her those authors who were at 
 this time the most popular. 
 
 She read the most celebrated writers of an- 
 tiquity, as is proved by her later literary la- 
 bors, and did not remain unacquainted with 
 the philosophical studies of her husband. It 
 is not known whether she understood music, 
 but that she had a great fondness for art is 
 
86 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 shov/n by her paintings. She was able to 
 sketch with great accuracy, but excelled espe- 
 cially in landscape painting. She could also 
 make a correct portrait of any person whom 
 she admired. 
 
 The years spent at Rheinsberg were cer- 
 tainly the happiest of her married, and, indeed, 
 of her whole, life. If the crown-prince did not 
 love his wife he manifested toward her, at this 
 time, the greatest friendship and esteem. He 
 said at one tim.e to Count von Seckendorf : " I 
 never loved her, but I should be the wicked- 
 est man in the world if I did not respect her, 
 for she is of a gentle disposition, as docile as 
 a child, and yielding and complaisant to a 
 fault, while she anticipates me in whatever can 
 give me pleasure." 
 
 Elizabeth Christine had changed very much 
 to her advantage in her new surroundings, and 
 it is evident that this change had a favorable 
 influence on the crown-prince. Baron von 
 Bielfeld, who first met her in Rheinsberg, de- 
 
IN RHINESBERG CASTLE. 8/ 
 
 scribes her in a confidential letter to a friend : 
 " The crown princess is large and well made. 
 I have never seen one whose form is so well- 
 proportioned in every respect. She might 
 serve a painter as a model. Her hair, which 
 I specially noticed, is of a most beautiful ash- 
 color ; it is somewhat blonde, and, when pow- 
 dered, it gleams like pearls. Her countenance 
 is of a delicate tint, and she has great blue 
 eyes of a soft and lively expression, but which 
 can be very fiery if animated. She has an 
 open forehead, regular eyebrows, a small and 
 somewhat pointed, though well-formed, nose, 
 a pleasant mouth, red lips, and a chin and 
 neck which are charming. Goodness gleams 
 in her countenance, and one might say with 
 justice that her whole form had been put to- 
 gether by the hands of the graces for the pur- 
 pose of making a great princess. Even the 
 little negligences which are occasionally no- 
 ticed in her dress and demeanor do not affect 
 
 her appearance. 
 6 
 
88 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 " There is not a princess in Europe who 
 possesses more beautiful diamonds, and there 
 are certainly none who know better how to 
 use them. She talks very little, especially at 
 table, but what she does say is full of mean- 
 ing. She appears to possess an acute under- 
 standing, which she improves by constant read- 
 ing of the best French authors. Frau von 
 Katsch, her chief maid, has assured me that 
 her heart is pure and her character heavenly. 
 Every moment she manifests qualities which 
 delight me. Her deportment is at the same 
 time majestic, deliberate, and yet perfectly 
 unconstrained." 
 
VI. 
 
 HI HE crown-prince at this time en- 
 r^_A tertained a warm affection for his 
 wife. When traveling he wrote fre- 
 quent and friendly letters to her, and imparted 
 confidential commissions. It was evident that, 
 by her continual devotion, she had won an in- 
 fluence over him. Whenever a misunder- 
 standing threatened to arise between Freder- 
 ick and his father this influence was never ex- 
 erted in vain to bring about a reconciliation. 
 At one time, when there was a misunderstand- 
 ing between them, she wrote to the king : 
 *' The greatest favor that your majesty can 
 show to me is that of being merciful to my 
 husband, your son. He has written to me 
 concerning the trouble which your displeasure 
 has given him, and he does not know in what 
 
90 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 
 
 manner he has merited it. I do pray you to 
 forgive him, for I can assure you that he loves 
 you most sincerely, and that he will try to 
 conduct himself according to the will of your 
 majesty." 
 
 On another occasion, when the king had 
 made the crown-prince a present of a very 
 valuable horse, the crown-princess wrote her 
 father-in-law : 
 
 *' I herewith humbly thank your majesty for 
 the favor that you have shown my husband 
 by presenting him with such a valuable horse. 
 He has written me about it, and is overcome 
 with thankfulness for the favors which you are 
 continually bestowing upon him. . . . You will 
 always find in him a gentle, obedient, and de- 
 voted son. He truly merits the favors you 
 confer upon him by the affection which I am 
 well aware that he has for so kind a father, 
 and I humbly beg your majesty to do him the 
 justice which he deserves, and be convinced 
 that he is devoted to your majesty with all 
 
HAPPY DAYS. 91 
 
 tenderness and esteem, and that he possesses 
 nothing but that grateful love which a true 
 son should bear to so kind and upright a 
 father." 
 
 These letters throw a light upon the friend- 
 ly and tender relations which at that time 
 existed between the crown-prince and Eliza- 
 beth Christine, and which rendered her resi- 
 dence at Rheinsberg delightful. She ex- 
 presses her happiness to her royal father-in- 
 law in a letter written a short time after they 
 had taken possession of this castle : 
 
 *' My residence in Rheinsberg is as pleasant 
 to me as it possibly can be in the company of 
 him who is to me the dearest object on earth. 
 I cannot become weary in the society of him 
 I love above all others. My greatest pleasure 
 is, when the weather is fine, to take a walk, a 
 drive, or a sail on the lake with him ; other- 
 wise I spend the time in work, for I occupy 
 myself the whole day. I find that my health 
 is better in the country than in the town. 
 
92 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Rural life Is more congenial to my taste, 
 and I prefer it to all the enjoyments of town 
 life." 
 
 In the spring of 1736 the crown-princess vis- 
 ited Schonhausen without the slightest idea 
 that this palace at a later period was to be the 
 limit of her lonely life. 
 
 An amusing incident, and one which fur- 
 nished the little court of Rheinsberg with 
 gossip for a long time, is told of the king 
 when on a visit to his children in the spring 
 of 1737. As is well known, his majesty was a 
 very devout Christian in his way, and would 
 never neglect an opportunity of attending di- 
 vine worship. Having arrived at Rheinsberg 
 early on Whitsunday, and before paying his 
 respects to the inmates of the castle, or giving 
 any publicity to his arrival, he went imme- 
 diately to church. The good old preacher, 
 Pastor Johann Rossow, who was preach- 
 ing, was so frightened at the entrance of this 
 distinguished auditor that he almost lost 
 
HAPP V DA YS. 93 
 
 his power of speech, and was only able to 
 conclude his sermon as rapidly as possible, 
 and give the benediction with a trembling 
 voice. 
 
 The king was so enraged at such timidity 
 that he threatened to use his cane upon the 
 frightened man, but it may easily be supposed 
 that this threat totally failed in producing the 
 desired effect. 
 
 In the years 1738 and 1739 Elizabeth 
 Christine and the crown-prince often visited 
 Berlin, and participated in the feasts and en- 
 joyments which the court and the great city 
 afforded them. How happy those six years 
 were for this princess is proved by the pleas- 
 ure with which, to the latest period of her 
 life, she recalled those golden days. When in 
 her seventy-first year, the day before the 
 death of her husband, she spoke to Monsieur 
 Mirabeau, who was visiting her, of the de- 
 lightful days at Rheinsberg, and of the happi- 
 ness which she enjoyed there. 
 
94 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 
 
 In one of the rooms in the castle at Schon- 
 hausen, which is shown to strangers as her 
 sleeping-room, hangs a picture of Rheinsberg 
 Castle. How often in later years did her eyes 
 rest upon this painting, recalling the happy 
 years spent within its walls ! 
 
 The happiness of Elizabeth Christine was 
 greatly increased by the continued and un- 
 changed love that her father-in-law constantly 
 exhibited toward her. He very often sur- 
 prised and delighted her with small presents 
 of game and other delicacies for her table, 
 and with carriages to make a winter tour, to 
 Berlin. He never failed to remember her 
 birthday, always writing a kindly letter of 
 congratulation, and often making her on these 
 occasions very valuable presents. Requests 
 and petitions which she occasionally sent to 
 him for her friends, or even strangers, were 
 generally complied with, if it were at all pos- 
 sible. How much the king loved and es- 
 teemed his daughter-in-law will be proved in 
 
HAPP Y DAYS. 95 
 
 the following extracts from his last letters to 
 her : 
 
 " I have had the honor to receive your kind 
 letter, and was much affected by the proof of 
 your tender love and the interest which you 
 take in the restoration of my health. As I 
 know the uprightness of your heart, I feel all 
 the more united to you, and I beg you to be 
 convinced that your happiness and content- 
 ment will always be among the foremost 
 wishes of my heart." 
 
 On the day of his death he wrote : 
 ■ " I have had the honor of receiving your 
 last letter, and you must have the goodness 
 to believe that this proof of your inestimable 
 love for me has rejoiced me exceedingly. I 
 am greatly indebted to you for your tender 
 sympathy, which you manifest toward me 
 when my life is in danger. If God, in his 
 goodness, does not hear your prayer, you will 
 lose a father who loves you more than he can 
 express." 
 
96 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Queen Sophia appears to have become 
 slightly reconciled to her daughter-in-law. 
 The letters which she wrote at this time do 
 not exhibit a cold courtesy, but a tolerably 
 intimate and affectionate relationship. On 
 account of the queen's opposition to this 
 marriage it was feared that Elizabeth Chris- 
 tine would suffer much embarrassment, and 
 lead a very unhappy life. But the careful 
 training which she received in her youthful 
 days, and the strict obedience which she was 
 taught to render to the wise counsels of her 
 parents, now bore rich and beautiful fruit. A 
 letter from her father, the Duke of Brunswick, 
 shows the anxiety that he had for her in this 
 respect : 
 
 '' The manner in which you conduct your- 
 self toward their majesties the king and queen 
 of Prussia, and the crown prince, your hus- 
 band, and, indeed, all of those with whom you 
 come in contact, is truly very beautiful, and 
 excites the admiration of all Berlin, as well as 
 
HAPPY DAYS. 97 
 
 of all those who are related to you and love 
 you most dearly. Continue in this Avay, my 
 dear daughter, and God will not fail to bless 
 you and to make you always as happy as you 
 in this manner deserve to be." 
 
 Unfortunately Elizabeth Christine was not 
 to enjoy the tender love and wise counsel of 
 this dear father much longer. The Duke of 
 Brunswick died suddenly on the 3d of Sep- 
 tember, 1735. This was the saddest event 
 that disturbed the happiness of those days. 
 Her husband helped to assuage her grief as 
 well as he possibly could. She was in Berlin 
 when she received the unwelcome intelligence, 
 but the crown-prince was absent, and wrote 
 immediately the following to his father : 
 
 " I have just received the information that 
 my dear father-in-law, the Duke of Brunswick, 
 is dead. I thought I should have died from 
 fright, as we did not even know that he was 
 ill. I fear my wife will be very deeply affected 
 by these unexpected tidings, and I beg of you. 
 
98 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 my most gracious father, that you will allow 
 me to come immediately to Berlin to comfort 
 her." 
 
 The king naturally permitted this journey, 
 and in a few days the crown-prince was with 
 his wife. He wrote, on his arrival, to his fa- 
 ther that he would exert himself to the best 
 of his ability to have the princess become rec- 
 onciled to her great loss and to the will of 
 God, and to help her submit with patience to 
 this severe affliction. 
 
 If Elizabeth Christine then learned to bear 
 this painful loss patiently, it was certainly a 
 great comfort to her later to know that her 
 father, whom she loved so devotedly, died 
 with the conviction that her marriage was a 
 happy one. A few years subsequently he 
 would have been convinced, to his great sor- 
 row, to the contrary. 
 
VII. 
 
 !^oaih of King !lft|e4ei:|ic)^. 
 
 iS'Mr^^HILE the Crown Princess Elizabeth 
 Christine was mourning over the death 
 of her father, who had been her faithful guide, 
 she felt that she would soon be deprived also 
 of her father-in-law, King Frederick, who had 
 been, since her marriage, her truest friend and 
 counselor. The health of the king had been 
 for a long time in a precarious condition, but 
 early in the year of 1740 he became so m.uch 
 worse that his life was despaired of. When he 
 knew that he had but a few days to live, he 
 summoned to his side his son and his old gen- 
 erals, who had done more to serve him in his 
 imperial council-chamber than they had on the 
 battle-field. 
 
 He made an impressive and sensible address 
 to his son on the duties of a sovereign toward 
 
100 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 his subjects, and then, reverting to recollec- 
 tions of the past, he warmly thanked the vet- 
 erans for their faithfulness to him. It must 
 be known that this austere but conscientious 
 father had forgiven his son for his boyish er- 
 rors more entirely than he had forgiven him- 
 self. The king had now become fond and 
 proud of Frederick, and took paternal pleas- 
 ure in recognizing his remarkable capabilities 
 and his military talents. He often spoke to 
 those about him of the gratitude he felt in 
 thinking that he should leave the kingdom to 
 so worthy a successor. It can plainly be seen 
 that it grieved the king to think that he had 
 lowered his son in the estimation of the world, 
 and he tried to do all that he could to repair 
 the error. 
 
 From a window in the king's room the royal 
 stables could be seen. After King Frederick 
 had expressed his gratitude to his old friends, 
 he ordered some of his horses to be led out. 
 He told his generals that they must each 
 
DEA TH OF KING FREDERICK. lOI 
 
 choose one, " for," said he, " it is my last gift 
 to you." To the Prince of Anhalt Dessau he 
 said : " It is just that you, my oldest friend, 
 should have the best horse ; but you have 
 chosen the worst. Take the other ; T war- 
 rant him a good one." Then, looking on 
 the time-worn faces of these brave soldiers, 
 and seeing their hard struggle with deep 
 grief, he said, " Nay, nay, it is a debt we all 
 must pay." 
 
 To the last moment he was deeply sensible 
 of his condition. Feeling quite unequal to 
 the responsibilities which rested upon him, he 
 desired to abdicate, and insisted upon doing 
 so. He was told that the necessary legal 
 documents should first be prepared. As he 
 was then failing fast, every body about him 
 saw that abdication was not necessary. His 
 last thoughts rested not in justice but in 
 mercy ; feeling his great need of Divine pro- 
 tection, he sought it at the Fountain Head. 
 *' Lord Jesus, in thee I live ; Lord Jesus, in 
 
102 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 thee I die ; in life and death thou art mine ;" 
 were Frederick William's last words. 
 
 He died on May 31, and was buried at mid- 
 night on June 4, 1740. He had looked upon 
 the strong oak casket before he closed his 
 eyes in death, and had dictated how it was to 
 be conveyed to the vaulted chamber beneath 
 the pulpit in the Garrison Church, which had 
 been prepared to receive it. That fine church 
 had been completed five years before, as can 
 be seen by the date over the main entrance : 
 A. D. 1735. 
 
 Twelve tall captains of the Potsdam Guards 
 bore the remains of the deceased monarch to 
 the appointed resting-place, and that favorite 
 regiment fired the farewell volley. This was 
 their last service. The regiment was imme- 
 diately disbanded after the death of the 
 king.* 
 
 Immediately after the death of the king the 
 
 * Cf. Hudson, " Life and Times of Louisa, Queen of Prus- 
 sia," vol. i, pp. 93, 95, 96. 
 
DEA TH OF KING FREDERICK. IO3 
 
 dowager queen dispatched a messenger to 
 Rheinsberg to convey the sad intelHgence to 
 EHzabeth Christine. The young king had 
 also sent a written message, beseeching his 
 wife to come immediately to Berlin. The 
 court ladies were at first embarrassed as to 
 how they should communicate the painful 
 tidings to their new queen. Fraulein Bart- 
 feld, the chief lady of the household, was de- 
 puted, and, upon entering the bed-chamber, 
 drew aside the curtain. The crown-princess 
 awoke and demanded what she wanted. She 
 replied that Baron von Mylich had arrived as 
 courier from Potsdam, and had brought the 
 sad intelligence that the king was dead. 
 
 Elizabeth Christine was deeply affected, but 
 recovered sufficiently to appear in the au- 
 dience chamber and receive the homage of 
 her small court. 
 
 She left the same day for Berlin, accom- 
 panied by her suite. The carriage which con- 
 veyed the young queen thither was drawn by 
 7 
 
104 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 eighty post-horses. As she drove out of 
 Rheinsberg the gate of honor and splendor 
 opened before her, but the gate of happiness, 
 which she had enjoyed in the friendly quiet 
 of thisxastle, and by the side of her husband, 
 was forever closed behind her. 
 
 The young queen, on her entrance into 
 Berlin, went immediately to her widowed 
 mother-in-law, to see if she could not comfort 
 her in her deep affliction. Her heart, which 
 was ever full of sympathy, knew well how to 
 give words of comfort and consolation to the 
 sorrowing. 
 
Frederick II. of Prussia. 
 
VIII. 
 
 $h6 l^ew King and ^ueen. 
 
 FEW weeks after the funeral cere- 
 monies Elizabeth Christine went to 
 reside in the royal palace at Berlin. 
 She occupied the rooms lying to the right of 
 the Schweizersaal, in the third story. Fred- 
 erick, now king, introduced his wife to the 
 assembled court with the words : " This is 
 your queen." He granted her a suitable 
 household, and presented her with a costly 
 set of jewels, the third precious stone in Eu- 
 rope, known as " the small Sancy." This she 
 could really call her own property. In Au- 
 gust of the same year he presented her the 
 chateau of Schonhausen, near Berlin. Now 
 she was provided for ; she had every thing 
 but her husband. 
 
I08 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 As the town and castle of Oranienburg are 
 connected with the name of Louise Henriette 
 of Orange, the wife of the great Elector ; and 
 as Charlottenburg is associated with that of 
 Sophia Charlotte, the wife of Frederick I., of 
 Prussia, so is Schonhausen intimately con- 
 nected with the name and life of Queen Eliza- 
 beth Christine. Rheinsberg was the only 
 witness of her short happiness. Schonhausen 
 was the place in which she hid her sorrow and 
 loneliness, the asylum of her widowhood, and 
 the roof under which she at length died. 
 
 When Elizabeth Christine was presented 
 with this castle it was in a very dilapidated 
 condition. It had been in possession of the 
 royal family for more than half a century, and 
 while improvements had been commenced at 
 different periods, it had never been made at- 
 tractive, or scarcely habitable. It was now 
 renovated ; the grounds were enlarged, and 
 the old wall by which it was surrounded re- 
 placed by a low hedge. Three years after- 
 
THE NEW KING AND QUEEN. lOQ 
 
 ward, at the command of the new king, the 
 beautiful Linden Avenue, which leads from the 
 Schonhausen Gate, was laid out. 
 
 On August 28 the queen, in company with 
 the Duchess of Anhalt-Zerbst and her daugh- 
 ter — afterward the Empress Catherine II., of 
 Russia — visited her new residence. As she 
 entered the grounds she gazed upon the pal- 
 ace and its surroundings with a melancholy 
 pleasure, for she had a presentiment that the 
 happy days of Rheinsberg were forever past. 
 Loud and joyful music resounded through the 
 grounds to welcome the queen and her guests. 
 After partaking of a banquet which had been 
 prepared in the palace for them they re- 
 turned to the city. Three days later Eliza- 
 beth Christine gave a brilliant reception in 
 honor of her sister-in-law, the Princess Ulrike, 
 in her castle at Schonhausen. Every alley 
 and grove in the grounds was beautifully illu- 
 minated, and at the end of the great avenue, 
 which was lighted up by different colored 
 
1 1 ELIZA BE TH CHRIS TINE. 
 
 lights, stood a pyramid in which were reflected 
 the words : Vive la Princesse Louise Ulrike!'' 
 
 Two other happy events transpired in the 
 same year, which filled Elizabeth Christine's 
 heart with joy. One was the marriage of her 
 sister, Luise Amelie, to Prince August Will- 
 iam, the brother of her husband, the king. 
 This marriage was arranged by the king him- 
 self, which certainly was a proof of the confi- 
 dence that he placed in his wife, as it strength- 
 ened his connection with her family by a new 
 tie. The queen cherished the hope of having 
 a beloved sister near her, to whom she could 
 unlock her whole heart, and from whom she 
 might expect a sympathetic and comforting 
 love. The other happy event was a visit to 
 her beloved Rheinsberg. She remained near- 
 ly six weeks in this, to her, enchanted spot, 
 with which were associated so many happy 
 remembrances. She had an opportunity while 
 there of again celebrating her birthday, No- 
 vember 8, 1740, returning to Berlin on the 
 
THE NE W KING AND QUEEN. 1 1 1 
 
 28th of the same month. She wrote while 
 there a joyful letter to her much-loved brother 
 Ferdinand. 
 
 The young queen did not yet feel herself 
 entirely forsaken by her husband. If his royal 
 office, with its earnest and sacred duties, em- 
 ployed almost his entire time ; if he undertook 
 many journeys upon which she could not ac- 
 company him ; if, as often as he came to Ber- 
 lin, he dined with his mother and not with his 
 wife, she could, nevertheless, always, on these 
 occasions, be in his company, and see him, with 
 whom, not only by solemn vow and duty, but 
 also by devoted love and admiration, she felt 
 forever united. 
 
 In December, 1740, the king left Berlin to 
 join his army, and to commence war against 
 Austria^ and, if possible, to crown himself with 
 imperishable laurels. 
 
 The first letters which he wrote from the 
 camp to his wife were friendly, and even ten- 
 der. On the loth of April the battle of MolU 
 
1 1 2 ELIZA BE TH CHRISTINE. 
 
 witz was fought and won. All Europe was 
 filled with astonishment, and the king and the 
 army which had fought so bravely were held 
 in universal admiration. After the victory the 
 king wrote joyfully to his wife : '' I am grate- 
 ful for the signs of friendship which you give 
 me; I will never prove myself unworthy of 
 them, and you shall not find in me an un- 
 grateful husband. Heaven has favored us to- 
 day, and I hope from my whole soul that we 
 may always be thus favored." 
 
 The victory of Mollwitz was celebrated by a 
 thanksgiving service in all the churches of the 
 capital. The hymn, " Lord God, we praise 
 thee ! " v/as sung by thankful hearts, and the 
 booming of cannon sounded amid the songs 
 of praise and the jubilee of the happy people. 
 The queen was present on this occasion, and 
 joined with the people in gratitude to God. 
 
 In November the dowager-queen gave a 
 grand entertainment in honor of Elizabeth 
 Christine's birthday. It was on this festal oc- 
 
THE NEW KING AND QUEEN. II3 
 
 casion that the queen took possession of her 
 newly-furnished suite of rooms in the royal 
 palace. The expensive furniture and deco- 
 rations of the apartments, and the massive 
 gold chandeliers and brackets of the so-called 
 "Golden Cabinet," excited general admiration. 
 The festivities were prolonged until after mid- 
 night. But all this pomp and splendor could 
 not compensate the loving wife for the absence 
 of her husband. This was the first birthday 
 that she had celebrated without the king since 
 her marriage, but it was only the sad precursor 
 of many which were to follow. From that 
 time until his death, a period of forty-five 
 years, Frederick the Great was present at but 
 two of his wife's birthday festivities. 
 
 A few days after this great festal occasion 
 the victor of Mollwitz returned from the field 
 of battle, bringing with him handsome pres- 
 ents for Elizabeth Christine. But the most 
 precious gift to her was his safe return. To 
 add to her joy at this time, her beloved sister, 
 
114 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 the Princess Luise Amelie, made her entrance 
 into Berhn. One magnificent feast after an- 
 other followed her arrival, and the marriage 
 itself took place on January 6, 1742, after 
 which the king again returned to his army. 
 
 Elizabeth Christine could see him depart at 
 this time with more calmness, as she had a 
 sister's heart near her in which at any time 
 she could seek and find consolation. And 
 this consolation she very soon needed, as she 
 received information that there was a con- 
 spiracy against the king's life. With the most 
 tender solicitude she warned him of his dan- 
 ger, and besought him to protect himself. 
 For her anxiety and entreaties he thanked her 
 most sincerely, and did not deny the report 
 of his danger. 
 
 The battle of Ezaslau and Cholusitz was 
 fought on May 18, 1742, and Frederick an- 
 nounced this victory to his wife himself. Later 
 he wrote to her as follows : " You may be free 
 from all care, and that the more so, because 
 
JTHE NE W KING AND Q UEEN. 1 1 5 
 
 the Austrians are so thoroughly beaten and 
 discouraged that they have something to think 
 about besides an assassination. Our campaign 
 is now ended, and I hope to be again in Ber- 
 Hn in the month of July." This was certainly 
 joyful news, but what pleased the loving wife 
 most of all was to read in the same letter: 
 *' One who knows you must love you, and the 
 goodness of your heart deserves the highest 
 esteem." 
 
 A preliminary treaty between Prussia and 
 Austria was arranged on June ii, and peace 
 was announced on the 30th of the same month, 
 and celebrated with great rejoicings in the 
 capital. Elizabeth Christine shared in the joy 
 of her subjects, in the blissful anticipation of 
 the return of the king — the victor crowned 
 with glory. On July 12 he entered the capital 
 amid the rejoicing of his people. His victori- 
 ous sword had won a whole province, and had 
 increased his dominion by about one third 
 of his former possessions. His wife and the 
 
1 1 6 ELIZA BE TH CHRIS TINE. 
 
 whole royal family received him with the 
 greatest joy, but he remained with them but 
 a few hours. He went to Charlottenburg, and 
 from there to Potsdam. Elizabeth Christine 
 was permitted to have his society, which she 
 had anticipated with so much delight, but for 
 a very short time. 
 
 What Frederick, as crown-prince, wrote to 
 General von Grumbkow was now continually 
 being more and more fulfilled : " I shall allow 
 madame to do as she thinks best, and I, on 
 my part, shall do as I please ; then there will 
 be freedom. . . . Good-day, madame ! and 
 good way ! " 
 
 To the pain which the queen experienced 
 on account of the separation from her husband 
 was added that of the separation from Frau 
 von Katsch, her chief lady of the household. 
 An unbiased and impartial witness describes 
 this lady-in-waiting in the following terms : " I 
 know of no one more worthy of respect than 
 this woman. She embraced in her character 
 
THE NE W KING AND QUEEN. 11/ 
 
 great earnestness combined with gentleness, 
 propriety with cheerfulness, dignity with po- 
 liteness, and was the protectress of all upright 
 people." King Frederick honored this woman ; 
 but the queen loved her, and gave her her en- 
 tire confidence. 
 
 Frau von Camas, at the request of the queen, 
 succeeded Frau von Katsch. She was a wom- 
 an of quick intellect and noble principles, a 
 person whom the king highly respected, and 
 to whom the queen was very much attached. 
 In August King Frederick visited Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, Minden, Breslau, and, later, Rheins- 
 berg and Orainenberg, but Elizabeth Christine 
 was never allowed to accompany him. She 
 had only the choice between Berlin and Schon- 
 hausen, and of occasionally dining with the 
 king when he visited his mother, the queen 
 dowager. 
 
 It may be asked, What circumstances had 
 caused the king to become so estranged from 
 the one who loved him so devotedly? The 
 
1 1 8 ELIZABE TH CHRISTINE. 
 
 answer is not an easy one. We must not for- 
 get that there were many influences at work. 
 We think that the king was nearest the truth 
 when he said that " he was not of the stuff out 
 of which good husbands are made." His 
 ambitious and aspiring mind, which grasped 
 the wide domains of science and the fields 
 of glory and honor in all their magnitude, 
 could not content itself in the narrow routine 
 of domestic life. The royal eagle, with fixed 
 eye and mighty outspread wings, soared aloft 
 to meet the ascending sun of glory ; and it 
 mattered little to him if, on his victorious ca- 
 reer, and in his path of triumph and fame, he 
 did leave a faithful heart, wounded and un- 
 cared for, to grieve in solitude. Added to this 
 was the fact that his wife had been forced upon 
 him, at the price of his liberty, by an inexor- 
 ably stern father. Besides, the queen, with 
 her quiet, modest, and unpretending nature, 
 might not satisfy the demands which a *' Fred- 
 erick the Great" would make upon a compan- 
 
THE NE W KING AND Q UEEN. 1 1 9 
 
 ion for life. Her firm biblical faith appeared 
 to the royal philosopher as narrow-mindedness, 
 which he might tolerate but could never sym- 
 pathize with. And, furthermore, there were 
 the manifold intrigues which were carried on 
 in the royal court. The dowager-queen and 
 her children really envied Elizabeth Christine 
 the heart of her husband, whom they all loved 
 and admired, and in whose risen splendor they 
 were basking. 
 
IX. 
 
 ^ S the Empress of Austria could not 
 overcome the humiliation and loss 
 "H^kA that she had suffered, she resolved 
 to commence a second Silesian war. In Au- 
 gust King Frederick, accompanied by the 
 Princes Ferdinand and Albert, brothers of 
 Elizabeth Christine, and whom she devotedly 
 loved, started for the field of battle. The ten- 
 der solicitude that this sister felt for the lives 
 of these loved ones can be clearly seen in 
 the following letter, which she wrote to her 
 brother Ferdinand : 
 
 "My dear Brother — Although I have 
 not received a letter from you in a long time, 
 I will, nevertheless, write again, to remind you 
 that you have a sister who loves you tenderly 
 
PRUSSIAN VICTORIES. 121 
 
 and with her whole heart. I know very well 
 that you have little time for correspondence, 
 but, I beseech you, if it is in any way possi- 
 ble, to write at least a few words to our dear 
 mother. She is very anxious and troubled 
 about you, and fears that your love for her 
 is decreasing, and that you have forgotten the 
 duty which a son owes to his mother. I know 
 you far too well, my dear brother, to think 
 that you would intentionally give our dear 
 mother, whose tenderness and care we can 
 never sufficiently understand, the least anxie- 
 ty or pain. I do not write to reproach you ; 
 so do not be angry with me, for what I have 
 written has been prompted by the deepest 
 affection and love. 
 
 " In conclusion, this same love compels me 
 to beseech you to regulate your conduct so as 
 to win more and more the favor of the king, 
 and at the same time not to forget your duty 
 to God. If you will keep these three objects 
 
 in your mind you will certainly be happy. I 
 8 
 
T22 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 repeat it once more: never forget your indebt- 
 edness to God, the king, and your mother. 
 Having performed your duty to these, you 
 can ever be contented and happy. In this 
 the king gives you a good example. He is a 
 most worthy son, and God will bless him for 
 it. He will preserve him, and give him what 
 his heart desires, and will soon bring him back 
 to us in peace and health. 
 
 " I am, my beloved brother, thy faithful 
 sister, ELIZABETH CHRISTINE.' 
 
 We have reproduced this letter in full, as in 
 it are reflected, as in a mirror, the noble Chris- 
 tian character and purity of this royal woman. 
 Her piety, her love for the king, her love for 
 her mother and her brother, are beautifully 
 revealed in its words. 
 
 She spent the summer in great seclusion ; 
 a few weeks only did she remain in Schon- 
 hausen. On September 17 she received the 
 news that the capital of Bohemia had been 
 
PRUSSIAN VICTORIES. 1 23 
 
 taken by the Prussians. To this joy was add- 
 ed another happy event — the birth of the son 
 of the king's brother, Prince of Prussia. This 
 was the first son and heir to the throne. If 
 the queen greeted this birth, which was of the 
 greatest importance to the royal house, and, 
 indeed, to the whole country, with joy, she 
 thanked God for the merciful fulfillment of 
 her prayer. The child was christened Fred- 
 erick William 11. on October 11, and the dow- 
 ager-queen — the grandmother — and Elizabeth 
 Christine became his sponsors. 
 
 In December the king and Prince Ferdinand' 
 returned to Berlin. Although they remained 
 but a short time, Elizabeth Christine knew 
 that they were safe, and in good health. It 
 was a source of great pleasure to her to know 
 that the king had shown her brothers marked 
 respect by appointing them to positions of 
 trust. He gave Prince Ferdinand command 
 of the infantry, and to Prince Albert the com- 
 mand of the Fusileer Guard. Elizabeth Chris- 
 
124 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 tine, as we may well imagine, was lonely and 
 sad when her husband and brothers left again 
 for the army in Upper Silesia. 
 
 In June the Prussian troops won a great 
 victory at Hohenfriedberg, and the queen 
 celebrated it by a splendid feast in her palace 
 at Schonhausen. In September another battle 
 was fought, in which Prussia again gained a 
 brilliant victory ; but the queen's brother, the 
 courageous Prince Albert, was killed. Eliza- 
 beth Christine had had serious apprehensions 
 of this brother's life, and only a few days be- 
 *fore she had written to Prince Ferdinand that 
 Albert exposed himself entirely too much to 
 danger, and she entreated him in her name to 
 beg him to be cautious. As Prince Albert 
 had lost his life in her husband's service, she 
 expected at least a few words of sympathy 
 from him. But none came for a long time, 
 and she could not refrain from complaining to 
 her brother Ferdinand, in a confidential way, 
 that *'the king has been so cruel as not to 
 
PRUSSIAN VICTORIES. 125 
 
 write one syllable to either my sister or my- 
 self. I am quite accustomed to such neglect, 
 but it pains me, especially on such an occasion 
 as this, not to hear from him." But she con- 
 tinued with quiet resignation : " Patience ! I 
 have done nothing for which I can reproach 
 myself. I have done my duty. God, in his 
 goodness, will help me to bear and overcome 
 this." 
 
 Frederick, doubtless ashamed of his neglect, 
 did, later, write her a few comforting words. 
 These tender sympathizing lines calmed her 
 troubled heart, and she was ready to forgive 
 all of his remissness. 
 
 In November Berlin was thrown into the 
 greatest confusion by the threatened invasion 
 of the Austrian General Griinne. All precau- 
 tionary measures were taken to resist his at- 
 tack, and to place the royal family, the ar- 
 chives, and the chief authorities in safety at 
 Stettin. The queen remained calmly in the 
 royal palace, and waited for the help of the 
 
126 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Lord. Her prayer was not in vain, for on 
 December i6 the joyful message of the vic- 
 tory of Kesselsdorf arrived in BerHn, and was 
 received with universal rejoicing. The peace 
 of Dresden, which ratified the annexation of 
 Silesia to Prussia, was concluded on Decem- 
 ber 25, and the victorious king made his tri- 
 umphant entry into the capital. His wife 
 received him with the deepest gratitude 
 toward God, and with a heart overflowing 
 with love and joy. 
 
 As the sun of peace arose again, bright and 
 resplendent after the storm of war, Elizabeth 
 Christine entertained the hope of once more 
 spending happy and peaceful days by the side 
 of her husband. She was willing to ascribe 
 all the neglect and isolation that she had ex- 
 perienced to the exigencies of the times, 
 which had compelled the king to forsake the 
 quiet of his home. But peace had now come, 
 and he whom she loved had returned home 
 crowned with victory. He could now, with 
 
PRUSSIAN VICTORIES. 12/ 
 
 cheerfulness, enjoy the quiet pleasures of do- 
 mestic life. Only too soon did the queen ex- 
 perience that her hopes were not to be ful- 
 filled. King Frederick liked best to spend 
 his time at Potsdam, where he superintended 
 the building of Sans-souci. He never went 
 to Schonhausen, and when he occasionally 
 visited Berlin he preferred the society of oth- 
 ers to that of his wife. 
 
X. 
 
 ^he Queen's ^oi|i|ow8. 
 
 N March of the following year the 
 ;jK king celebrated his mother's birthday 
 ^'^% by inviting to the palace the dowager- 
 queen, the Prince of Prussia, Prince Henry, 
 and the Princess Amelia, with all the confi- 
 dential officers of his household. Elizabeth 
 Christine must suffer the embarrassment of 
 not being invited. At another time the dow- 
 ager, accompanied by the Princess of Prussia, 
 visited the Prince of Prussia at Oranienburg, 
 and Prince Henry in Rheinsberg, which castle 
 the king had presented to him. The king 
 met them at these places, gave them a hearty 
 reception, and provided that magnificent fes- 
 tivities should be held ; but the poor queen 
 was entirely ignored. 
 
THE QUEEN'S SORROWS. 1 29 
 
 She wrote in her grief to her brother Ferdi- 
 nand, but with calm resignation : 
 
 " Although it pains me to be treated thus, 
 I have become accustomed to it. I wish 
 nothing more now than money enough to 
 pay my debts, and then quietly to wait for 
 death, if it will please God." 
 
 These are the words of a queen, the wife 
 of Frederick the Great, at thirty years of 
 age. 
 
 How much this injured and neglected wom- 
 an still loved her husband could be seen in 
 her anxiety for him in a serious illness that 
 he had in February, 1747. She wrote to her 
 brother : 
 
 ** Thank God, our dear king Is better. He 
 has been very ill, and I was greatly troubled 
 about him. If I had dared I would have 
 gone to Potsdam to see him. All danger is 
 now passed, and there is nothing more to be 
 apprehended. God, in his mercy, wishes to 
 preserve his precious life for the good of his 
 
130 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE, 
 
 country. I shall not rest until I have seen 
 him." 
 
 Sans-souci and Schonhausen were only a 
 few miles apart, yet the way was obstructed 
 as with insurmountable walls and bars of 
 brass. 
 
 On May i of this same year the palace of 
 Sans-souci was inaugurated by a great ban- 
 quet. The whole court and all of the friends 
 of the king were present on this occasion, but 
 there was no place for the queen. Indeed, 
 she never saw Sans-souci. Not even on the 
 occasions of the christenings of the princes 
 and princesses, and only once as queen, was 
 she in Potsdam, and this was when she ac- 
 companied her mother, who had been visiting 
 her, on her return homeward. On that day 
 the king was not in the palace, and she was 
 too sensitive to look through apartments from 
 which she had been unjustly excluded. With 
 the few exceptions when, in times of war, she 
 was obliged to be in Magdeburg, she never 
 
THE QUEEN'S SORROWS. I3I 
 
 left Schonhausen and Berlin, and never saw 
 her childhood's home but once after she was 
 married. 
 
 When the embassadors of foreign courts 
 and distinguished strangers from all parts of 
 Europe visited the Prussian Court, they al- 
 ways went to Schonhausen, and paid their 
 respects to her. The king was very particu- 
 lar that all due honor and deference be paid 
 her as queen. But this attention could not 
 satisfy the heart of the wife. The splendor 
 with which she, on occasions of ceremony, 
 commensurate with her rank, was obliged to 
 surround herself, could give her neither satis- 
 faction or pleasure. This outward display 
 could not make amends for the loss of domes- 
 tic happiness. 
 
 In May, 1747, King Frederick reviewed 
 twenty-five battalions and six squadrons of 
 his troops. As this was an extraordinary 
 occasion the queen was present. She was 
 magnificently dressed, and rode in a new 
 
132 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 phaeton drawn by eight horses. The phaeton 
 was elaborately cushioned with crimson vel- 
 vet, and embroidered with gold. Over her 
 head was a crimson canopy, exquisitely 
 wrought and fringed with gold, and supported 
 by a gilded Chinese statue. Every regiment 
 passed before the queen, and the officers re- 
 spectfully bowed and inclined their swords. 
 These public demonstrations gave her more 
 pain than diversion, and made her feel more 
 than ever her loneliness. 
 
 Notwithstanding all of the king's neglect 
 and indifference, she loved and praised him. 
 In her helplessness she wrote to her brother : 
 '■'■ God knows how I deliberate day and night 
 on what I shall do in order not to displease 
 his majesty. It is very hard for me to be in 
 Berlin without seeing him ; but I believe it 
 would be a still greater error for me not to go 
 thither. If it be a crime to follow after him, 
 then I glory in the same. Every intelligent 
 person must love such a king as ours. ... I 
 
THE QUEEN'S SORROWS. 133 
 
 most sincerely wish that he may be preserved 
 in good health, and that the troubles which he 
 has to encounter may not do him any injury/' 
 On the occasion of her next birthday the 
 king wrote her a very friendly letter, accom- 
 panied by a beautiful present. Her heart was 
 full of joy, and she wrote immediately to her 
 brother Ferdinand : ^' You may imagine the 
 joy which this proof of the king's favor has 
 given me. I was quite beside myself with joy, 
 and you can easily conceive the love that I 
 entertain for him. He shows his goodness not 
 to an ungrateful wife, but to one who knows 
 how to appreciate his goodness. May God 
 preserve him in health ! " Later she wrote 
 again to this same brother, to whom she con- 
 fided nearly all of her sorrows : '' I wish that 
 my husband could read the inmost sentiments 
 of my lonely heart. He would then know my 
 affection for him, and how humbly and heartily 
 I thank him. . . . May God preserve this dear 
 king to us, and listen to the prayers which are 
 
134 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 offered up for him by his people. I wish that 
 I could exchange places with those who go 
 unwillingly to Potsdam, and do not care to be 
 in his presence. I should consider it the 
 greatest happiness to have such an opportu- 
 nity. But it is the way of the worfd that no 
 one has all that he desires." 
 
 Every proof of respect or friendliness that 
 the king manifested for her was received with 
 the utmost gratitude. In the year 1752 it was 
 found that, notwithstanding her rigid economy, 
 she had become involved in debt. When she 
 found that the king had liquidated these obli- 
 gations she was moved to tears. 
 
 It is surprising how she could continue to 
 love and admire this man with such perfect 
 faithfulness and constancy, when she was al- 
 most entirely ignored by him. She felt most 
 keenly her neglected position, and knew that 
 the barrier between her husband and herself 
 was becoming greater and greater. Only the 
 consciousness of always faithfully doing her 
 
THE QUEEN'S SORROWS. 135 
 
 duty and trusting in God enabled her to with- 
 stand these undeserved indignities. Fortunate 
 was it for her that she had found this staff and 
 support, for many long and weary years of 
 sorrow still lay before her. 
 
XI. 
 
 OON after the conclusion of the peace 
 of Dresden, in 1746, Austria and Rus- 
 sia concluded a treaty with each other, 
 in which one article was directed expressly 
 against King Frederick and his right to Sile- 
 sia. Saxony was secretly a party to this 
 treaty, and was ready, as soon as war was de- 
 clared, to join with the enemies of Prussia. 
 Austria was trying to draw the King of France 
 into this combination against Frederick. Even 
 as early as March, 1756, the French embassa- 
 dor at the court of Prussia, Marquis de Valori, 
 had begged for a porcelain botiquet of flowers 
 from the porcelain manufactory at Vincennes, 
 to be presented to the queen, Elizabeth Chris- 
 tine. The marquis wrote : *' Do you not be- 
 lieve that an opportunity could arise when this 
 
MORE BA TTLE-FIELD S. 1 3 7 
 
 present from a great king would place the 
 queen under perpetual obligation ? I venture 
 to say that the respect shown to her would 
 flatter the king. Although he seems to be 
 very indifferent to her himself, it is apparent 
 that if any one else fails to show her proper 
 respect it excites his displeasure. I have seen 
 many examples of it." In May, six weeks 
 after the marquis had written the above, 
 France and Austria had concluded a treaty 
 against Frederick. This duplicity was used 
 by the French embassador to conceal the real 
 hostility that was animating the French court 
 against Prussia. Sweden was in close connec- 
 tion with France at this time, and it was ex- 
 pected that this power would also unite with 
 the enemies of Prussia. 
 
 In July, 1756, the queen wrote to her 
 brother Ferdinand : 
 
 " We live very quietly here. When it is 
 
 not too warm I take a walk, and, taking a 
 
 book with me, sit, in some shady place. I 
 9 
 
138 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 pass the greatest part of my time alone, and 
 find that the society of books is more profita- 
 ble than any train of courtiers." 
 
 On August 29 King Frederick opened the 
 campaign against his numerous and powerful 
 enemies. He advanced with sixty thousand 
 men into Saxony, in order to cover the boun- 
 daries of Brandenburg, and to carry the war 
 away from his own kingdom into Bohemia. 
 The great Seven Years' War had now begun, 
 which brought the heroic king and his people 
 almost to the brink of ruin, but which v/as to 
 cover the great commander and his army with 
 imperishable glory, and to raise Prussia to 
 greater power and importance than ever be- 
 fore. In October the Austrians were de- 
 feated, and the Saxon army was obliged to 
 surrender as prisoners of war. Saxony thus 
 fell into the hands of Frederick, and he spent 
 the winter there with his troops. A heavy 
 campaign was anticipated during the following 
 year. France prepared a large army for the 
 
MORE BATTLE-FIELDS. 1 39 
 
 purpose of crossing the Rhine. Sweden re- 
 solved to reconquer that part of Pomerania 
 which had been taken from her, and Russia 
 renewed her compact with Austria. The 
 black cloud of war hung heavy and threaten- 
 ing over Prussia. 
 
 The queen remained in Berlin during this 
 year, as it was not safe to be out of the 
 capital. She spent the summer in the house 
 of Minister von Marschall, No. 78 Wilhelm 
 Strasse, where she found a delightful garden, 
 with every convenience and comfort. After 
 the battles of Prague and Colhn, General Had- 
 dick advanced toward Berlin, and on October 
 16 took possession of it. 
 
 The queen, with the royal family, had been 
 obliged to take refuge in the fortress of Span- 
 dau. After the retreat of the Austrians the 
 court was again removed to Berlin. By the 
 command of the king, however, the queen, 
 together with the princes and princesses of 
 the royal family, and the foreign ministers. 
 
I40 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 removed from the capital to Magdeburg. 
 The queen entered this city on the afternoon 
 of October 28, and was received amid salvos 
 of artillery. She gave a magnificent banquet 
 to the officers and authorities of the city of 
 Magdeburg in return for their demonstrations 
 of respect to her and their loyalty to the king. 
 The defeat of Collin had been a severe blow 
 for Frederick and his generals. Elizabeth 
 Christine felt this reverse as queen and wife 
 in a twofold degree. 
 
 The enemies of Prussia were greatly en- 
 couraged. They now advanced with all the 
 more boldness and assurance to share the cer- 
 tain and easy spoil. The Russians pressed 
 into Prussia in the north-east, the Swedes 
 prepared to land in Pomerania, and two 
 French armies advanced by way of Thuringia 
 and Hanover into the very heart of Branden- 
 burg. Amid all these calamities occurred the 
 death of the dowager-queen. She died after 
 a short illness. It was a source of great satis- 
 
MORE BA TTLE-FIELDS. I4I 
 
 faction and consolation to Elizabeth Christine 
 to know that her mother-in-law had, in her lat- 
 er years, learned to appreciate her real worth, 
 and that they had conceived before her death 
 a deep love for each other. These were ex- 
 ceedingly sorrowful days for the royal family, 
 and they spent their time, as the queen wrote 
 to her brother, *' picking lint, and trying to 
 console one another." 
 
 The closing months of the year, however, 
 brought joy and comfort, for the king had 
 defeated the French at Rossbach and the 
 Austrians at Leuthen, so that at the end of 
 the year the whole of Silesia, as far as the 
 fortress of Schweidnitz, was again in the 
 power of the Prussians. The messages of 
 victory were received with the greatest jubi- 
 lee, not only in Magdeburg, but throughout 
 all Prussia. Nothing now prevented the royal 
 family from returning to the capital. The 
 queen, accompanied by her sister, the Prin- 
 cess of Prussia, arrived in Berlin on January 
 
142 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 5, 1758. Elizabeth Christine was met by the 
 authorities of the city, and welcomed by the 
 applause of the assembled crowd and amid 
 sounds of music. Her triumphant entrance 
 at the Brandenburg Gate, which then con- 
 sisted of two simple stone pillars, was greeted 
 with the most jubilant shouts from the hon- 
 est citizens. On the 24th of the same month 
 Elizabeth Christine celebrated with great mag- 
 nificence the birthday of her royal husband, 
 the victorious hero. At the beginning of this 
 year she looked forth with renewed energy 
 and hope, but was obliged to suffer disap- 
 pointment. 
 
 In January the Russians had left Memel 
 and entered Konigsberg. All of East Prussia 
 had been compelled to do homage to the Em- 
 press of Russia, and, with all the horror of a 
 wild foray, the northern army advanced as far 
 as the Newmark. Every heart was now filled 
 with the most gloomy forebodings. Another 
 death added to the sorrows of the royal family. 
 
MORE BATTLE-FIELDS. 1 43 
 
 The Prince of Prussia, the husband of the 
 queen's sister, who had left the army after the 
 battle of Collin, died, May 12, at Oranienburg, 
 after a long illness. After communicating the 
 painful news to the king, it also devolved upon 
 the queen to convey the sad message to her 
 sister, the v/ife of the Prince of Prussia. These 
 sisters wept together, and Elizabeth Christine 
 sought, with all prudence and tenderness, to 
 comfort her. 
 
 In this deep affliction it was natural for the 
 widowed princess to wish for the tender em- 
 brace and loving counsel of her mother. The 
 queen immediately made arrangements to 
 carry out her wishes, but it was not without 
 much embarrassment on her part, for she was 
 obliged to get permission from the king. The 
 following is an extract from a letter which she 
 wrote to him : '' I promise you, with all sin- 
 cerity, that not the slightest intrigue shall take 
 place ; for I dislike such treachery as much as 
 it is possible for a person to do, and have al- 
 
144 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 ways had the greatest horror of it. Concern- 
 ing the expense, I will not spend more than is 
 actually necessary, and think that my mother 
 will be satisfied with her usual mode of life. 
 . . . Under all circumstances you can be as- 
 sured that I will do nothing to call forth your 
 displeasure." 
 
 The king granted the request of his wife, 
 and the Duchess of Brunswick arrived at 
 Schonhausen on July 17. The sorrowful sis- 
 ters had now the happiness of seeing their be- 
 loved mother, and enjoying her society for 
 fourteen days. On August i the duchess re- 
 turned to Brunswick, and the queen accom- 
 panied her as far as Potsdam. 
 
 One misfortune after another came upon the 
 royal house during this year. The Margrav- 
 ine of Baireuth, Wilhelmina, the favorite sister 
 of the king, died on October 14, The same 
 hour that she died the king suffered the sad 
 reverse of Hochkirch. This fatal day robbed 
 him of many of his best generals, besides five 
 
MORE BATTLE-FIELDS. 1 45 
 
 thousand of his brave soldiers. The queen's 
 brother, Frederick Franz, was among the slain. 
 When he was told that the Austrians had sur- 
 prised the Prussian camp, he cheerfully and 
 courageously called out to his troops : " Then 
 we will drive them forth again ! " With the 
 utmost bravery he advanced with his brigade 
 into the village, which was already possessed 
 and defended by the enemy. While urging 
 on his troops he was instantly killed by a can- 
 non-ball. He was only twenty-six years of 
 age. Eight months before he had written to 
 his sister in gloomy foreboding : " It must 
 some time have an end, and I hope that the 
 end for which I sigh will soon come." The 
 body of the fallen hero was conveyed to 
 Schonhausen, and the queen mourned deeply 
 his loss. This was the second brother who 
 had fallen on the field of battle while fighting 
 under the banner of King Frederick. 
 
 In the following year, however, Elizabeth 
 Christine had occasion to be joyful over the 
 
14^ ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 success of her brother Ferdinand, the confidant 
 of her heart. He gained the victory of Min- 
 den over the French, and compelled them to 
 recross the Rhine. But this joy was but oi 
 short duration, for only twelve days after 
 Prince Ferdinand's success the king suffered a 
 most terrible and disheartening defeat at Kun- 
 ersdorf. He ordered that the court and ar- 
 chives should be immediately removed from 
 Berlin, as the capital was threatened by the 
 victorious enemy. He wrote to Minister von 
 Finkenstein : '' It is a sad misfortune. I shall 
 not survive it. The consequences have been 
 worse than the battle itself. I have no further 
 resources, and, if I must tell the truth, I con- 
 sider every thing as lost. I shall not survive 
 the ruin of my country." 
 
 The queen was compelled to flee again with 
 the royal family to Magdeburg, where they 
 were obliged to remain for nearly three and a 
 half years. During this time she had the joy 
 of seeing her mother and two of her sisters, 
 
MORE BATTLE-FIELDS. 147 
 
 who came to Magdeburg. One deplorable 
 event followed another. The brave and faith- 
 ful General Fouque was defeated and taken 
 prisoner at Landshut, on June 23. In August 
 the king won a victory over the Austrians at 
 Leignitz, but without gaining any decided ad- 
 vantage. The king wrote to a friend : " For- 
 merly the occurrence of the 15th would have 
 decided much ; now this engagement is but a 
 light scratch. A great battle is necessary to 
 decide our fate, which, according to all prob- 
 ability, will soon take place. Never in my life 
 have I been in so critical a position as during 
 this campaign. A kind of miracle is necessary 
 to surmount the difficulties which I foresee. 
 They are Herculean labors which I have to 
 end, and at an age when strength forsakes me, 
 when sickness attacks me, and, to speak the 
 truth, when hope itself, the only comfort of 
 the unfortunate, begins to fail." 
 
 On October 9, 1760, the Austrians and Rus- 
 sians entered Berlin with all the wantonness 
 
148 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 of barbarous victors. The queen learned with 
 great sorrow that her beloved Schonhausen 
 had been plundered. The Cossacks laid waste 
 the royal chateau, and sought for the treasure 
 in it ; finding none, they burned the castellan 
 with a hot iron, to compel him to confess 
 where it was supposed to be hidden. Fortu- 
 nately, the queen had taken it with her to 
 Magdeburg. Charlottenburg was also plun- 
 dered by the Saxons, who gave themselves up 
 to the grossest vandalism. 
 
 The news of the glorious victory which the 
 king won over the Austrians at Forgau, in No- 
 vember, revived their sunken courage. Amid 
 the rejoicings over the news of this splendid 
 victory, the citizens of Magdeburg celebrated 
 the birthday of the queen. 
 
'--J^ 
 
 XII. 
 
 %n^ of the ^even ¥eati$' Mai:[. 
 
 ^^HE year 1761 passed without any 
 important battles. King Frederick, 
 ^/^i^ in his fortified camp at Bunzelwitz, 
 defied the united attack of the Russian and 
 Austrian armies. He could not prevent, how- 
 ever, the important fortress of Schweidnitz 
 from again falling into the hands of the ene- 
 my, nor the Russians from firmly establishing 
 themselves in Pomerania, by the conquest 
 of Kolberg. To add to his embarrassments, 
 the important alliance of England was with- 
 drawn after the death of George II. The 
 brave and pious hussar, General Ziethen, tried 
 to comfort him by hinting at the great Help- 
 er above. " Ah," sighed Frederick, " he does 
 no more miracles." A miracle was, indeed, 
 neccessary to surmount these difficulties ; 
 
ISO ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 and God, in his goodness, did perform that 
 miracle. 
 
 The Empress Ehzabeth of Russia, King 
 Frederick's bitterest enemy, died on January 
 5, 1762, and her nephew and successor, Peter 
 III., an enthusiastic admirer of the great Prus- 
 sian king, ascended the imperial throne of 
 Russia. He immediately released all Prus- 
 sian prisoners without ransom, and concluded 
 a peace with Prussia on May 5, in which he 
 gave up all conquests without indemnification, 
 and even joined his own troops to the Prus- 
 sian army. 
 
 Sweden followed the example of Russia, 
 and also entered into a treaty of peace. By 
 means of this rapid and fortunate change the 
 king was rescued from his unfortunate posi- 
 tion. " He is right," he acknowledged to the 
 pious Ziethen ; ^' He has kept his word to his 
 aUies." 
 
 Peter HI. was afterward dethroned by his 
 wife Catherine, whom he had dethroned and 
 
END OF THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. 151 
 
 placed in a cloister. The Empress ratified the 
 treaty of peace with Prussia, made by her pre- 
 decessor, and Frederick had only now to com- 
 bat with the French and Austrians. 
 
 In the same year the queen's mother, the 
 Duchess of Brunswick, died, and her loss cast 
 Elizabeth Christine into the deepest sorrow. 
 But in this bitter grief she was greatly com- 
 forted to know that, amid the cares and anx- 
 ieties of war, the king was thoughtful of her, 
 and that he tried to console her with a sym- 
 pathizing letter. 
 
 After this sorrow the queen was enabled to 
 look above with renewed hope. The sun of 
 happiness and joy, which had so long been 
 hidden behind dark clouds, arose in fresh splen- 
 dor over the beloved Fatherland. The kine 
 had defeated the Austrians at Burkersdorf and 
 Leutsmannsdorf, and the fortress of Schweid- 
 nitz had been reconquered after a long siege 
 and a brave resistance. Silesia had thus again 
 come into the possession of the King of Prussia. 
 
152 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Prince Henry, the king's brother, had defeated 
 the imperial troops at Freiburg, and Prince 
 Ferdinand of Brunswick had defeated the 
 French at Wilhelmsthal and at Lutterberg. 
 
 The prehminaries of a peace between France 
 and Prussia were signed on November 3, 1762. 
 Maria Theresa, forsaken by all her allies, was 
 obliged to give up all hope of subduing the 
 heroic king who had alone withstood so brave- 
 ly and victoriously the confederate powers. 
 She bade the electoral prince of Saxony, 
 Frederick Christian, to undertake measures 
 for the conclusion of peace. This he did, and 
 received the assurance from the king that he 
 would do all that was compatible with his 
 honor for its restoration. On New-year's- 
 eve of the year 1763 the plenipotentiaries of 
 Prussia, Austria, and Saxony met together at 
 Hubertsburg, Saxony, for the purpose of ne- 
 gotiating the terms upon which peace could 
 be concluded. On February 15, the treaty 
 was signed. Prussia and Austria renounced 
 
EAW OF THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. 153 
 
 all claims to the states and lands belonging to 
 each other. All conquests made during the 
 Seven Years' War were restored. Frederick 
 remained in possession of the whole of Silesia, 
 and gave back the land belonging to the 
 Elector of Saxony. 
 
 In anticipation of the approaching conclu- 
 sion of peace, the queen could again leave the 
 fortress of Magdeburg. On February i6 she 
 arrived in Berlin. She entered the city in a 
 carriage drawn by eight pairs of horses, es- 
 corted by forty eight postillions and the dif- 
 ferent corporations of the city. On the same 
 evening a messenger arrived, announcing that 
 peace had been proclaimed on the preceding 
 day. The joyful people gave expression to 
 their feelings by loud acclamations, booming 
 of cannon, strains of music, and a brilliant 
 illumination. The Sunday following was ob- 
 served as a day of thanksgiving throughout 
 the land. 
 
 The Seven Years' War was now ended, and 
 10 
 
154 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Elizabeth Christine looked forward to the 
 return of her husband, trusting that, as he 
 had satisfied his ambitious spirit and crowned 
 his brow with imperishable laurels, he would 
 now be willing to seek happiness in the do- 
 mestic circle. For this happiness the queen 
 longed with all the intensity that a loving 
 and faithful heart could yearn. It was with 
 the greatest joy that she received a letter 
 from the king announcing that he would be in 
 Berlin on the evening of March 30, and would 
 dine with her. The time arrived, and the 
 streets were lined with innumerable multi- 
 tudes of people. Very early in the morning 
 the citizens commenced thronging the streets 
 until they formed a double human wall, two 
 miles in length, extending to the Branden- 
 burg gate, through which the king was to 
 make his entrance. 
 
 Amid the shouts and cheers of his subjects, 
 King Frederick rode through the city to the 
 royal palace, where he descended from his 
 
END OF THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. 1 55 
 
 carriage and went immediately to the apart- 
 ments of the queen. She gave him a tender 
 and affectionate welcome. He dined with her 
 and other members of the royal family, dis- 
 tributing among them rich and expensive 
 gifts. The capital, and, indeed, all Prussia, 
 was filled with joyful festivities. But all this 
 rejoicing could not satisfy the disappoint- 
 ment of the queen. She experienced only 
 too soon that the seven years' absence of her 
 husband had alienated him more than ever 
 from her. 
 
 King Frederick wrote to one of his friends 
 soon after his return : 
 
 " Peace causes universal joy. As for me, I 
 return as a gray-headed old man into a city in 
 which I only know the walls, where I meet 
 none of my old acquaintances, where endless 
 labor awaits me, and where, in a short time, I 
 shall lay my weary bones to rest ; where there 
 is no more trouble, no war, no misery, and no 
 deceit among men." 
 
156 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 At an earlier date he wrote as follows to 
 Marquis d'Argens : 
 
 " My dear Marquis : I hardly know any 
 more whether there is a Sans-souci in the 
 world, or where that place may be, so that the 
 name pleases me no more. I am old, sad, and 
 full of trouble. A semblance of my former 
 vivacity returns from time to time, but it 
 is as a spark which soon vanishes, because 
 there is a want of fire to keep it alive. 
 It is like a sunbeam which penetrates dark 
 thunder -clouds. I will say more: if you 
 were to see me, you would not recognize 
 in me my former self. You would see in 
 me a gray old man, who has lost the half 
 of his teeth, without joyfulness, without ani- 
 mation, and without imagination. These, 
 my dear marquis, are not the result of years, 
 but of cares. They are the first-fruits of 
 the frailty which the autumn of life inwardly 
 brings." 
 
END OF THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. 157 
 
 Frederick the Great had not only, in his 
 long and heavy wars, sacrificed the best part 
 of his kingdom, the most confidential friends 
 of his heart, and the best years of his life, but 
 he had also, in his unprecedented battles and 
 undertakings, completely exhausted the 
 strength of his manhood. He had in seven 
 years exhausted the strength of fourteen, and 
 had really become an old man. 
 
 " My joyfulness and my happy disposition," 
 he wrote to the marquis, '' are buried with the 
 dear ones that have been taken from me. 
 The close of my life will now be sad and pain- 
 ful. ... I alone have outlived this generation, 
 and wish nowS:o lay my old bones in peace in 
 the grave." 
 
 Frederick's first thought was to heal as 
 quickly as possible the wounds which his 
 country had suffered during the long years of 
 war, and to raise his kingdom to renewed 
 prosperity. He performed the duties of a 
 king anxious for the welfare of his people, as 
 
158 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 a true father of his country. He saw all 
 the injuries that had been done to the Fa- 
 therland, and his heart beat with the warm- 
 est love for all his subjects. His hand was 
 unwearied in fulfilling the duties of his royal 
 office. 
 
 A few days after his return he went to 
 Potsdam and Sans-souci, while Elizabeth 
 Christine went to Schonhaiisen. It was a 
 sad and mournful summer that she spent in 
 her desolated and devastated palace. Meas- 
 ures were taken the following year for its res- 
 toration, and, when completed, it was far 
 more beautiful than it was before the war. 
 Among the improvements was a pediment 
 raised above one of the porticoes, which can 
 still be seen, with the initial letters, E. C, of 
 the queen. 
 
 There, as formerly, Elizabeth Christine 
 lived in painful, and yet contented, solitude. 
 Conversation with a few true friends, cor- 
 respondence with learned men at home and 
 
END OF THE SEVEN YEARS' WAR. 1 59 
 
 abroad, especially with the clergymen of 
 the capital., and, best of all, her beloved 
 books, formed the chief occupation of her 
 retired life. 
 
XIII. 
 
 N July, 1766, Countess von Camas, 
 chief lady of the household, and Eliza- 
 ^ beth Christine's faithful and devoted 
 friend, died. She was not only esteemed by 
 Frederick the Great, but by every, one who 
 knew her, as a lady of great nobleness of heart 
 and dignity of character. Her death caused 
 the queen the most intense sorrow, for she 
 knew that her loss could never be replaced. 
 This severe affliction drove the queen to a 
 new and hitherto untried activity. 
 
 She immediately commenced translating the 
 at that time much-read religious work by Cru- 
 gott, "Christ in Solitude." She dedicated 
 this book to her devoted and beloved brother, 
 Ferdinand of Brunswick. The dedicatory let- 
 
LITERAR V LABORS. 1 6 1 
 
 ter, which covers several pages, exhibits very 
 clearly the feelings of the queen. It is, at the 
 same time, so true a witness of her piety that 
 we reproduce it unabridged : 
 
 ** Dedicatory Letter to my Brother. 
 
 ** To you who know so truly and deeply the 
 worth of religion, to whom should I dedicate 
 this translation in preference to you, my be- 
 loved brother ? This blessed religion has pre- 
 served you upright in the world, and directed 
 your life under all circumstances, even on the 
 field of battle. You have always sought Al- 
 mighty God for your support, and he has never 
 forgotten you in the most dangerous periods 
 of your life. You have always given him the 
 honor due his name. Even after that victo- 
 rious battle, when your friends congratulated 
 you, I remember your reply: 'Let us thank 
 God, who has so visibly stood by us. I have 
 only been the instrument in the hands of the 
 Omnipotent by which he has given us the vie- 
 
1 62 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 tory.' How many letters I have from you in 
 which you give God the praise, and show the 
 confidence which you place in him at all times ! 
 Therefore this wise and beneficent Father has 
 blessed you, and turned for you all evil into 
 good. Your name is sufficiently known, by 
 all your great and good deeds, for Christian 
 people to do you justice. One word more of 
 praise must I write, and which outweighs all 
 of your deeds of heroism : it is, that you know 
 what religion is, that you practice it, and make 
 it the rule and guide of all your actions. 
 
 " I will here relate the circumstance which 
 caused me to undertake this translation. I 
 had a dear friend, who was devoted to you 
 with her whole heart, but who is now dead. 
 She found so much pleasure in this book, in 
 the original German, that she read it again and 
 again. She often spoke to me concerning it, 
 and told me that the reading of it made her 
 truly happy, imbuing her with peace of mind, 
 elevated thoughts, and faith in God. This 
 
LITERAR Y LABORS. 1 63 
 
 friend had a clear and searching mind, and to 
 me was a devoted and loving companion. Her 
 rare virtues were illuminated by her faith in 
 God. Out of this faith flowed her zeal for the 
 welfare of her friends and her true Christian 
 love and heroism, which she manifested to her 
 latest moment. 
 
 '' The loss which I suffered by her death 
 was very painful. After her burial this book 
 fell into my hands, and I read it afresh. I 
 found such beautiful and elevated thoughts in 
 it that I determined to translate it into French, 
 that I might be the more deeply impressed. 
 Each page recalls to mind the conversations 
 which we had together, and by which I was 
 so much edified. They remind me, also, of 
 the delightful interviews which I used to have 
 with my two peerless sisters, who possessed all 
 of those qualities of heart and mind which 
 made them so amiable, companionable, and 
 worthy of respect, and whose loss forms one 
 of the most painful experiences of my life. 
 
164 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 " These departed ones proved, by their ex- 
 ample, that true piety is consistent with the 
 earthly life ; that one can enjoy all its pleas- 
 ures without being made gloomy and melan- 
 choly, as so many people think, especially the 
 fashionable and those of sprightly tempera- 
 ment. They showed, by their conversation 
 and beautiful example, that only with faith in 
 Christ can we live contentedly and joyfully. 
 The younger of the two sisters manifested this 
 faith in her sufferings. She was an invalid for 
 "many years, and often said to me, when I ad- 
 mired her patience in her affliction, ' God has 
 sent it to me. Why should I not bear it pa- 
 tiently ? Besides, he shows me so many favors 
 that I try to place my whole confidence in 
 him, and to be happy and contented. I know 
 that when he takes me from this world I shall 
 enjoy eternal happiness, and receive the re- 
 ward that awaits me for all that I have suf- 
 fered here below. This earthly life is but a 
 pilgrimage to a happy eternity.' 
 
LITERARY LABORS. 1 65 
 
 " How often both of these sisters used to 
 encourage me to be firm in my faith in God, 
 and in the hour of great trouble to trust him 
 impHcitly ! Such were the dear and Christian 
 friends who continually strengthened me. 
 They have been torn from me by death, and 
 their loss is very grievous. But the Gospel 
 teaches us to look not only to this life but to 
 the life which is to come. They are happy, 
 and I will not envy them. God has taken 
 them from earth, and their presence is no 
 longer here to cheer me ; but I shall meet them 
 again in the other world, so that they are really 
 not lost, but gone before. The Lord requires 
 that we give him our whole heart. To him I 
 will ever have recourse, and he will, at all 
 times, to the end of my days, be my father, 
 my friend, and my helper, and will at last re- 
 ceive me into his eternal kingdom. Without 
 this hope I would be indeed alone and for- 
 saken. 
 
 " You, my dear brother, are still in the 
 
1 66 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 world, although far from me. It troubles me 
 much that I can no longer see you, and have 
 the pleasure and profit of your conversations. 
 Your friendship for me has been thoroughly 
 tried, and the hope that I have of seeing you 
 again before I die never forsakes me. I have 
 arrived at an age when, perhaps, I have but a 
 short time to live. But for you, my dear 
 brother, I wish a long and happy life. When 
 our earthly career is ended I know that we 
 will again be united with all of our dear rela- 
 tives and friends, and enjoy with them the 
 unchangeable bliss of eternity. 
 
 '^ I am, with a devoted friendship, my be- 
 loved brother, your faithful sister, 
 
 '' Elizabeth Christine." 
 
 The queen's life became more and more 
 lonely and sorrowful. Her brother, Anton 
 Ulrich, died in May, 1775, in his Sibe- 
 rian exile. A year later her sister. Princess 
 Christine Charlotte, died, and two years after 
 
LITERARY LABORS. 1 6/ 
 
 her death a younger sister, Therese NataUe, 
 Abbess of Gandersheim, died. But the most 
 painful to her was the death of her widowed 
 sister, the Princess of Prussia. She died Jan- 
 uary 13, 1780. This sister had Hved for 
 thirty-eight years at the same court, in the 
 most intimate and confidential unity, and the 
 queen mourned her loss with the most pro- 
 found sorrow. It was at the death-bed of 
 this Christian princess that the following lines 
 of Paul Gerhardt's beautiful hymn were sung : 
 
 O when thou call'st me to depart, 
 
 Turn not away thy face ; 
 When death has pierced me with his dart, 
 
 Uphold me with thy grace. 
 
 If terror and dismay 
 
 Assail my fleeting breath. 
 Lord, thou wilt all my fears allay, 
 
 For thou hast conquered death. 
 
 While she mourned the loss of this devoted 
 sister, she had the great comfort of having 
 confided to her care this sister's granddaugh- 
 ter. The merry, joyful child became the 
 
1 68 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 lively and cheerful companion of her solitude. 
 Intrusting this girl to the care of Elizabeth 
 Christine, which was brought about by the 
 king, was certainly a pleasing proof of the 
 confidence he had in her. This child> Prin- 
 cess Frederica, was the daughter of King 
 Frederick's favorite niece, Elizabeth of Bruns- 
 wick, and the king showed her much atten- 
 tion. The little princess in a few years be- 
 came marriageable,* and was united to Fred- 
 erick, Duke of York, second son of King 
 George III. The queens of Prussia and En- 
 gland were on friendly terms, and the English 
 queen was very willing to receive the Prussian 
 princess as her daughter-in-law. She wrote a 
 kind letter to Elizabeth Christine, promising 
 to be both a friend and mother to her son's 
 young wife. 
 
 The Duchess of York, in her first letters 
 from England, tells the Queen of Prussia how 
 well Queen Charlotte, her mother-in-law, had 
 kept this promise in the motherly reception 
 
LITER AR Y LABORS. 1 69 
 
 which she had given her. When the duchess 
 arrived at her new home in Oatlands she 
 found in her room a portrait of the Queen of 
 Prussia, which had been placed there by 
 Queen Charlotte. It was a speaking likeness, 
 and the smile on the well-known face drew 
 tears from the eyes of the young bride, even 
 in the midst of her new happiness — tears of 
 gratitude springing from the thought that for 
 her, the once desolate child, two mothers had 
 been provided by the providence of God.* 
 
 * Hudson, " Louisa, Queen of Prussia," vol. i, p. 197. 
 11 
 
age. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Bi3li9iot:i$ IslU — ^utithetj 'J^itei^at|y ^a^boJ^jS. 
 
 LTZABETH CHRISTINE began 
 now, in connection with her other 
 afflictions, to feel the weakness of 
 In 1773 she became quite ill, and did 
 not recover until the following year, when she 
 again had a severe attack, and her physicians 
 despaired of her life. King Frederick, on 
 being advised of the state of the queen's 
 health, wrote to the physician : " It would 
 grieve me if such an event (her death) were 
 to occur." She recovered, however, for her 
 trials and sorrows were not yet at an end. 
 Her books, her few confidential friends, and, 
 above all, her hidden life in God, wholly occu- 
 pied her time. In the same year, after her 
 severe illness, she translated three books : a 
 
RELIGIOUS LIFE. I /I 
 
 work of Spalding's on " The Destiny of Man," 
 the pious " Resolutions of Brandannus Geb- 
 harde," and another work, by an unknown au- 
 thor, entitled, " Love of God." Toward the 
 close of the same year she wrote an original 
 work, '' Thoughts and Meditations for the 
 New-year on the Care which God has for 
 Mankind, and of the Way, full of Goodness, 
 in which he leads Us." As this work thor- 
 oughly illustrates the character of the au- 
 thoress, and her faith in God's goodness, we 
 make a few selections from the closing 
 pages : 
 
 "As I am sufficiently convinced that I am 
 not guided by the thoughts of my own limited 
 and defective understanding, but by the coun- 
 sel and the thoughts of the everlasting, per- 
 fect, and all-merciful God, I will, in the future, 
 bring all my thoughts and wishes as a sacrifice 
 to his omniscience, and forego my own will and 
 limited judgment. As I have often experi- 
 enced that my heart is never more burdened 
 
1/2 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 with sorrow than when it is misled by its own 
 foolish- imaginings, its perverse self-love, and 
 its vain and frivolous desires, I will, therefore, 
 make use of the present, and endeavor, in the 
 future, to do my duty. I will consecrate my- 
 self fully to the Lord, and place my whole 
 trust in him, in the firm conviction that he 
 will guide me safely to the end. 
 
 " With these principles I will surrender my- 
 self during the new-year, without fear or 
 care, entirely to the guidance of my heavenly 
 Father, with the consciousness that nothing 
 will occur but what is necessary for my tem- 
 poral and spiritual well-being. If God gives 
 me prosperity and happiness, I will praise 
 and glorify his name. If, however, his omnis- 
 cience sends affliction and sorrow, I will humil- 
 iate myself in perfect submission to his will. 
 Should this year be the last of my life, I 
 
 trust I will be prepared to say, 'Thy will be 
 
 d> >> 
 one. 
 
 In 1777 the queen published a translation 
 
RELIGIOUS LIFE. 173 
 
 of Sturm's " Meditations on the Works of God 
 in Nature and Providence," in three volumes, 
 of which the following is the preface : 
 
 "As it is the most sacred duty of man to 
 love and revere his Creator, I think I do not 
 make bad use of my time when I translate 
 from the German into French these ' Medita- 
 tions.' At first I only had in view my own edi- 
 fication, wishing to stimulate anew my heart 
 to the praise of Almighty God. But friends, 
 wdiom I could not deny, have begged me to 
 publish this translation, which I consent to 
 do, wishing from the inmost depths of my 
 heart that those who read them, and who have 
 not the least susceptibility of that divine care 
 of which they are the continual objects, may 
 be benefited, and brought out of their indo- 
 lence and slothfulness. 
 
 " May we, dear reader, give to the great 
 truths of which these reflections remind us, 
 the attention which they deserve, and, that 
 
1/4 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 we may from day -to day become more and 
 more perfect, is the earnest and sincere prayer 
 of my heart. CONSTANCE."* 
 
 We add the preface of another translation, 
 which she pubHshed in 1778: ''Six Sermons 
 by Sack." This preface gives very fully her 
 faith in God and his promises. 
 
 "A just and certain living, and accurate 
 knowledge of religion, is an inexhaustible 
 source of joy and consolation. The precepts 
 of the Gospels, and the example which our 
 Saviour gave in his life to the world, cannot 
 do otherwise than make us happy, and if we 
 obey them, we will certainly be so. On the 
 other hand, only in the seeking of true piety 
 and virtue, with the hope of a favorable result, 
 shall we aspire after that true blessedness 
 
 * The king, wlien crown-prince, had founded at Rheins- 
 berg an Order, whose patron saint was the French knight, 
 Bayard, the well-known man "without fear and reproach.'' 
 In the Order Frederick bore the name of " The Constant," 
 In memory of those beautiful days, which had now been passed 
 for thirty-seven years, the queen signed herself "Constance." 
 
RELIGIOUS LIFE. 1/5 
 
 which was won for us by the sufferings and 
 death of our Lord Jesus Christ, and which 
 hope was strengthened by his resurrection and 
 ascension. It is only when we obey the com- 
 mands and follow the example of our Saviour 
 that he promises us that we shall be with him, 
 and with him rejoice in perfect happiness. 
 
 " O, if we only cling closely and are faithful 
 to our Saviour, who ascended into heaven, and 
 who has promised to be our Mediator with the 
 Father, and to guide us by his Holy Spirit in 
 the right way! If we sincerely believe that he 
 will not forsake us, must we not be happy in 
 this world and in the world to come ? We 
 Bhall be if we walk humbly before him ; if we 
 work out our salvation with fear and trembling. 
 In order to become happy, we shall recognize 
 the necessity of a holy life, and at the same 
 time believe that not all who say. Lord, Lord, 
 shall enter into the kingdom of heaven, but, as 
 Jesus Christ himself testified, only those who 
 do the will of their Father in heaven. 
 
176 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 '' We have no plea or excuse on account of 
 our weakness or inability. Our Saviour said, 
 ' My yoke is easy, and my burden is light ! * 
 He gives us courage, and strengthens us to 
 follow his commandments. We can say with 
 David, ' But it is good for me to draw near to 
 God : I have put my trust in the Lord God, 
 that I may declare all thy works.' 
 
 '' May the Almighty God help us through 
 his grace to lead truly holy lives ! May he, 
 from whom every good and perfect gift com- 
 eth, infuse out- hearts with the love of Jesus 
 Christ, and lead and direct us by his Holy 
 Spirit in this great work ! " 
 
 " Meditations for Every Day of the Week " 
 was the title of another little book that she 
 translated the same year (1778) and dedicated 
 to her young niece, Frederica. 
 
 This year promised to be a troubled one. 
 The cloud of war again threatened the Prussian 
 sky.. The Elector, Maximilian Joseph, of Ba- 
 varia, died in December, 1777, without an heir. 
 
RELIGIOUS LIFE. I'JJ 
 
 His rightful successor was the Elector, Karl 
 Theodore, of the Palatinate. The acting Em- 
 peror Joseph, of Austria, wished to take ad- 
 vantage of this event in order to strengthen 
 his power in Germany. He therefore made 
 out some specific claims, and advanced with 
 his troops into Bavaria, with the intention of 
 making the weak elector agree to a contract 
 by which Austria would receive a large por- 
 tion of Bavaria. Frederick the Great, who 
 perceived in the proceeding an infraction of 
 the German imperial laws, and a dangerous 
 example for the future, determined at once to 
 go forward and protect his rights. He had a 
 declaration made in Vienna that he would 
 never consent to a division of the Electoral 
 States. The Austrians sought in every way 
 to oppose him, and finally they tried to win 
 him by seductive promises. But he remained 
 steadfast to his determination to protect the 
 independence of Bavaria. He sent troops into 
 Bohemia, and later joined the army himself. 
 
178 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 It appeared now as if the peace which had 
 smiled upon Prussia for fifteen years, and 
 which had healed the wounds of the country 
 and advanced its power and prosperity, was 
 once more to vanish before the horror and 
 devastation of war. 
 
 Frederick's subjects looked upon their king 
 with anxiety, yet with confidence. Elizabeth 
 Christine, wishing to strengthen and encour- 
 age the Prussian people, wrote a little pamph- 
 let entitled, "■ Meditations on the Position of 
 Public Affairs in 1778." This she dedicated 
 to all timorous people. We reproduce here 
 the most interesting parts: 
 
 *' We are, as it appears, threatened again 
 with war. Fifteen years have passed away 
 since the termination of the Seven Years' 
 War, during which time we have enjoyed the 
 blessings of peace. Have we been really 
 thankful for the benefits of peace ? Have we 
 made a good use of the time in which we 
 have enjoyed its blessings ? Have we often 
 
RELIGIO US LIFE. 1 79 
 
 thought of the sad and dangerous positions 
 in which we have been placed ? Have we 
 thought of our indebtedness to God, who 
 saved us in those perilous times, and who has 
 preserved our dear and incomparable king ? 
 
 " This great king, a true father of his peo- 
 ple, fought for the preservation of his coun- 
 try, without thinking of weariness or danger. 
 His sublime spirit ever found fresh resources, 
 even when misfortune had reached its summit 
 and every thing appeared to be lost. . . . 
 
 ** O, my beloved fellow-countrymen, never 
 forget what your good and great king has done 
 for you ! Remain truly devoted to him ! 
 Love him as subjects ought to love their king, 
 who loves them and has done every thing for 
 them. ... In war he is the terror of his ene- 
 mies, while in peace he is, by his goodness and 
 mildness, the true father of his people. But 
 whom have we to thank for the happiness of 
 having such a king ? Is it not the Lord who, 
 in his love, has given him to us ? Is it not he 
 
l8o ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 who has preserved him to us ? . . . After so 
 many wonderful tokens of his protection, 
 would it not offend him if we were to look 
 into the future timorously ? 
 
 ** No, the most high King and Lord will not 
 forsake us if we put our trust in him. We 
 shall have every reason to praise him, and 
 these days of disturbance and uncertainty will 
 result in a durable peace. 
 
 '* But, dear fellow-countrymen, if it is God's 
 will to allow the torch of war again to be kin- 
 dled for our chastisement, let us be of good 
 cheer. The same God who has given us such 
 wonderful victories in the past will not forsake 
 us now. May the God of mercy go forth with 
 our dear king, as he goes forth, the restorer 
 and preserver of German freedom ! Let us 
 unitedly pray that he may be successful, as 
 the instrument of God, in carrying out just- 
 ice and right. May the injustice of the Em- 
 peror of Austria be exposed, and our good 
 king have reason to hope that he will have the 
 
RELIGIO US LIFE. 1 8 1 
 
 victory, that peace may once more be restored, 
 and that the old order of things may be main- 
 tained, in which all the States of the empire, 
 without fear of interference of other powers, 
 may be preserved in peace and quietness." 
 
 This is the language of true patriotism and 
 confidence in God which this devoted queen 
 gave to the German people. Fortunately, 
 however, the apprehensions which were enter- 
 tained were not realized. Russia manifested 
 an intention of joining Prussia, and the Aus- 
 trian court immediately entered into negotia- 
 tions for peace. Austria surrendered to the 
 rightful heir the portions of Bavaria which 
 she had taken possession of, and King Freder- 
 ick again returned to Berlin from the blood- 
 less campaign which he contemptuously desig- 
 nated as the '' Potato War." Two days after 
 the king's return to the capital he dined with 
 the queen and other members of the royal 
 family at Charlottenburg. In the afternoon 
 of the same day Elizabeth Christine returned 
 
I S 2 ELIZA BE TH CHRISTINE. 
 
 to Schonhausen, and a few days later the king 
 went to Sans-souci. 
 
 In the following year the queen translated 
 an English religious work, by Richard Jones, 
 into French : " Man as a Friend of God." 
 This work had already been translated into 
 German. It treats of the communion and 
 friendship which may exist between God and- 
 man. In her preface, which she dedicated to 
 her niece, the Princess Wilhelmina, of Prussia, 
 she says : '' Only in this intimate relation and 
 union with God can we find that holy confi- 
 dence which will preserve us upright and holy 
 in all positions of life. If we do our part, 
 God will certainly do his." 
 
 Her firm confidence in her God, her pa- 
 tience, submission, and resignation to his pa- 
 ternal will which we find expressed in all her 
 Avritings, were the support which upheld and 
 comforted her on her lonely pilgrimage. One 
 after another of her relatives and dear friends 
 whom she loved so fondly were being taken 
 
RELIGIO US LIFE. 1 8 3 
 
 from her by death. She had scarcely recov- 
 ered from the shock occasioned by the death 
 of her sister, the Princess of Prussia, when she 
 was called to mourn the death of her brother 
 Carl, the reigning Duke of Brunswick. Of 
 the fourteen brothers and sisters whom she 
 once had, only two brothers and two sisters 
 now remained. 
 
 May 12, 1783, was the fiftieth anniversary 
 of her marriage. Fifty years ! What fullness 
 of joy so often commemorates the golden 
 wedding of poor and humble subjects ! What 
 sweet and hallowed remembrances encircle 
 these periods ! How entirely different was it 
 at the royal court of Prussia ! Neither in the 
 royal palace nor in the country was this day 
 celebrated. But Elizabeth Christine found 
 consolation and happiness in quiet commun- 
 ion with God, and in the consoling words of 
 the psalmist, " Thou wilt guide me Avith thy 
 counsel, and afterward receive me to glory." 
 In this peaceful and subdued state of mind 
 
1 84 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 she translated the first volume of Herme's 
 '' Manual of Religion," which she published in 
 the following year. 
 
 In January, 1785, King Frederick celebrated 
 the birthday of his brother. Prince Henry, in 
 the apartments of the queen, and, without 
 doubt, this was the last time that he ever 
 visited her. Soon after this his health be- 
 came so unsettled as to require earnest atten- 
 tion. How long and fervently had this de- 
 voted woman prayed God to preserve this 
 great king I Notwithstanding his indifference 
 to her, she adored him as the hero whose 
 glory had shed a halo over his country, and 
 who was so truly worthy of being called the 
 *' father of his people." 
 
XV. 
 
 REDERICK the Great was now in 
 his seventy-fifth year. Asthma and 
 ^^j^ dropsy were gradually bringing down 
 his strength, and the question was, How long 
 will it last ? Carlyle describes him as being 
 at that last period of his life " an interesting, 
 thin, little old man, of alert, though slightly- 
 stooping figurej who used to be seen saunter- 
 ing on the terrace of Sans-souci for a short 
 time in the afternoon^ or you might have met 
 him at an earlier hour riding or driving in a 
 rapid business-like manner in the open roads, 
 or through the woods and avenues in the 
 vicinity of Potsdam."* 
 
 * For the chief contents of this chapter we are largely in- 
 debted to Carlyle's " Life of Frederick the Great," and Hud- 
 son's "Life and Times of Louisa, Queen of Prussia." 
 12 
 
1 86 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 " This was Frederick the Great of Prussia ; 
 so strangers called him, but at home among 
 his own people, who so much loved and es- 
 teemed him, he was ' Vater Fritz,' a name of 
 familiarity which, in that time, had not bred 
 contempt. He is a king, every inch of him, 
 though Avithout the trappings of a king. He 
 presents himself in a Spartan simplicity of 
 vesture : no crown, but an old military cocked 
 hat, generally old, or trampled or kneaded into 
 absolute softness if new ; no scepter, but one 
 like Agamemnon's, a walking-stick cut from 
 the woods, which serves also as a riding-whip, 
 with which he hits the horse between the ears. 
 As for royal robes, a mere soldier's blue coat 
 with facings, coat likely to be old, and sure to 
 have a good deal of Spanish snuff on the 
 breast of it ; the rest of the apparel, unobtru- 
 sive in color or cut, ending in high over-knee 
 military boots. 
 
 " The man is not of God-like physiognomy, 
 any more than of imposing stature or cos- 
 
LAST DA YS OF FREDERICK. 18/ 
 
 tume ; close-shut mouth, with thin lips, prom- 
 inent jaws and nose, receding brow, by no 
 means of Olympian height. His head, however, 
 is of long form, and has superlative gray eyes 
 in it. Not what is called a beautiful man, nor 
 yet by all appearance what is called a happy 
 man. On the contrary, his face bears evi- 
 dence of many sorrows, as they are termed, 
 of much hard labor done in the world, and 
 seems to anticipate nothing but more still 
 coming. . . . Yet great unconscious, and some 
 conscious, pride, well-tempered with a cheery 
 -humor, are written on that old face, which 
 carries its chin forward, notwithstanding the 
 slight stoop about the neck." 
 
 Frederick was never so truly beloved as in 
 his latter years, when a feeling of filial affec- 
 tion was combined with the loyal pride of its 
 subjects. In time of war the attention and 
 regard which he bestowed on his soldiers, 
 caring for them as individual men as well as 
 leading them in corps, was wonderful ; in time 
 
1 88 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 of peace, with the same feehng he embraced 
 all his people with a love that was felt by- 
 each one. In those tranquil days Frederick 
 could stoop to lay siege to the heart of a 
 child. He had not lost his winning manners, 
 and his voice was still clear and pleasantly 
 modulated. 
 
 Physical infirmities had tended to induce 
 the slovenly habits which made the illustrious 
 monarch present an appearance so strangely 
 contrasting with that of the gay cavalier of 
 Rheinsberg, so fastidious in his attire. Once 
 a year he made a point of dressing as prop- 
 erly as the cruel maladies from which he 
 suffered would permit. Very rarely, on 
 special court occasions, he appeared as near- 
 ly as possible like the Frederick of bygone 
 days. Sans-souci was his favorite palace, 
 which he had built as a retreat from State 
 ceremonial, as its name imports — without 
 care. While Frederick's general character 
 was in every respect firm, religiously he was 
 
LAST DA YS OF FREDERICK. 1 89 
 
 at times weak and wavering. The king once 
 spoke irreverently in the presence of General 
 Ziethen. The courageous old soldier stood 
 up, and, bowing to his majesty, said, *' I have 
 fought for your majesty, I am ready to lay 
 my gray head at your feet, your honor has 
 ever been very dear to me, but I will not 
 hear my Saviour insulted in my presence." 
 The king rose from his seat, took both the 
 general's hands in his, saying, " Happy Zie- 
 then, I respect your faith ; hold it fast ; this 
 shall not happen again." 
 
 General Ziethen had been trained in the 
 late King Frederick William's military school. 
 The founders of the Prussian army, from the 
 days of the Great Elector, had made religion 
 the groundwork of military education, and 
 the God-fearing spirit in the army more than 
 once startled Frederick the Great. He had 
 known many generals sincerely attached to 
 the Lutheran creed, and at the beginning of 
 the Seven Years' War a religious spirit was 
 
1 90 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 prevalent among Prussian soldiers. After the 
 victory of Leuthen, as the troops remained all 
 night on the battle-field, a wounded soldier 
 began to sing the old Lutheran hymn, " Nun 
 danket Alle Gott," by Rinkart : 
 
 Now all to God give thanks 
 
 With hearts, and hands, and voices ! 
 *Tis he whose wondrous grace 
 
 All, every-where, rejoices ; 
 From birth through helpless years, 
 
 He bore us safely on ; 
 His love, throughout our course, 
 
 Has countless favors done. 
 
 May God in mercy still. 
 
 While earth remains our dwelling. 
 His good bestow — our tongues 
 
 With joy his goodness telling ! 
 And when our strength shall fail, 
 
 May he display his power ; 
 And, from the ills we fear, 
 
 Defend us evermore ! 
 
 Praise, honor, thanks to God ! 
 
 On high the Father seated. 
 The Son and Spirit too. 
 
 With equal language greeted ! 
 
LA ST DAYS OF FREDERICK. 1 9 1 
 
 He is the God of old, 
 
 And right in all his ways ; 
 To him, the Great and Good, 
 
 Let all give endless praise ! 
 
 The band immediately played the well- 
 known tune, and all who had strength to raise 
 their voices joined in this noble song of praise 
 and thanksgiving. In those days Frederick 
 expected to die on the battle-field ; several of 
 his letters prove that he thought such would 
 be his fate. But he was not to be thus sud- 
 denly cut down. The strength of his man- 
 hood, in which he had prided himself, was to 
 fail with very perceptible rapidity, yet accord- 
 ing to the course of nature. The extensive 
 grounds at Sans-souci, which had been planted 
 and ornamented under his direction, afforded 
 him amusement until within a few months of 
 his death. Since he had sheathed his sword, 
 farming and gardening had been his favorite 
 pursuits. He never talked of his sufferings, 
 but conversed on the occurrences of the times 
 
192 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 or on literary subjects. He took special pleas- 
 ure in arranging his papers, jewels, and snuff- 
 boxes. 
 
 Throughout his last illness Frederick main- 
 tained great fortitude. Although so distressed 
 as to be unable to lie down in his bed, he pre- 
 served a serene countenance, and sometimes 
 indulged in a jest ; for one of his shining qual- 
 ities had been a talent for repartee, which he 
 possessed in perfection. We know nothing 
 satisfactory of Frederick's last thoughts con- 
 cerning the interests of his eternal life. The 
 awful blank reminds us of his father's grief and 
 his passionate anger against those who had 
 cast the seeds of infidelity over the heart of 
 his son. Frederick was very patient, and no 
 murmur escaped his lips ; he may have expe- 
 rienced more repentance and faith and Chris- 
 tian hope than he expressed. 
 
 Among his numerous friends he had num- 
 bered many religious men — earnest Romanists 
 and Protestants — who had loved him and 
 
LAST DA YS OF FREDERICK. 1 93 
 
 prayed for him, but who had gone before him 
 to the unseen world. Thoughts of them, or 
 echoes of their thoughts, may have come back 
 to him. What are twenty years when looked 
 on from the brink of the grave ? His strict 
 love of justice often drew down on him the 
 gratitude and the prayers of religious-minded 
 men. He once especially protected the Mo- 
 ravian Brethren of Berlin, and, in acknowledg- 
 ing this, they wrote him an affectionate letter, 
 expressing the warmest thankfulness and loy- 
 alty, at the same time adjuring the king to ac- 
 cept the mercies of God through the Saviour. 
 The letter concluded with these words, " With 
 God nothing is impossible. O, Jesus, help ! " 
 Frederick quietly returned it to the secretary 
 who presented it, saying, " You must give 
 these people a courteous answer, for they cer- 
 tainly mean well by me." 
 
 The night of August 16, 1786, was Freder- 
 ick the Great's last night on earth. When, 
 beneath a number of wraps, he was shivering 
 
194 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 with the chills of death, he noticed one of his 
 Italian grayhounds trembling as it sat on a 
 stool beside him, and he directed that a cover- 
 ing should be thrown over the dog. He had 
 a curious fancy for these little animals, and 
 whiled away a great deal of his time in train- 
 ing them. At midnight he was musing or 
 dreaming about climbing a mountain. On 
 being aroused by a severe attack of coughing, 
 he said, when he had regained composure, "We 
 are over the hill ; we shall go better now." 
 Thus did he struggle with something like the 
 old spirit to the last. Two hours afterward 
 he expired while his faithful attendant was 
 holding him up, and his little dog watching at 
 his side. 
 
 On the 1 8th the body was lying in state un- 
 der a canopy in the yellow audience-room of 
 the Palace of Potsdam ; on a tabouret by the 
 ride of it were his sword, his cocked hat, his 
 crooked stick, and his sash. His face retained 
 the stamp of greatness, and the thin white 
 
LAST DA YS OF FREDERICK, I95 
 
 hair had been slightly powdered and arranged 
 in locks. In the evening, at eight o'clock, the 
 coffin was conveyed to the Garrison Church, 
 and Frederick the Great was placed there be- 
 side his father, in the vault behind the pulpit. 
 The solemn funeral took place on September 
 9, about three weeks after the interment. 
 
XVI. 
 
 jHE death of the king convulsed all 
 Europe, and filled the country and 
 people with mourning. His loss was 
 very deeply felt in the Prussian army. He 
 had led his troops in twelve pitched battles, 
 and had lost only three. The great cause of 
 his success was the kindly feeling which ex- 
 isted between him and his soldiers. Although 
 he was a strict disciplinarian, yet a very friend- 
 ly relationship existed between him and his 
 men. In every rank of the army there were 
 those who had really profited by the religious 
 privileges they had enjoyed in former days, 
 and they went forth to battle looking upward 
 to the Lord of hosts, singing Luther's hymns 
 from the depths of their hearts, prepared to 
 
I^onu.nnent of Frederick the Great ' 
 
THE CO UNTR Y IN MO URNING. 1 99 
 
 die, to suffer, or to triumph, according to God's 
 will. 
 
 While Prussia mourned his loss, the queen 
 felt it the most deeply. She was not at Sans- 
 souci when he died, which aggravated her 
 grief; for, as much as he had neglected her, 
 she almost adored him. His reputation was' 
 dearer to her than her own life, and. with the 
 most perfect meekness she had always shielded 
 him from censure. She had been to see him a 
 few weeks before his death. His constitution'' 
 was then, evidently, very much broken, but 
 there was no appearance of immediate danger. 
 The king would not allow her to be sent for, 
 or alarmed, on his account ; therefore the news 
 of his death came upon her unexpectedly. 
 She mourned sincerely. But her sorrow was 
 not without hope, for she believed that her 
 prayers were answered, and that her husband 
 was not at the last insensible to the interests 
 of the endless future. 
 
 " A few days before his death he was car- 
 
200 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 ried out on the terrace, to bask in the warm 
 sunbeams. Looking up to the sun he said, 
 ' Je serai bientot pres de lui.' His good wife 
 beheved that his thoughts were then soaring 
 beyond the created to the uncreated Light. 
 
 " Elizabeth Christine had presented copies 
 of all her works to her husband, who had them 
 very handsomely bound, and seemed to value 
 them. Who can tell how far they affected 
 his mind, even though he might not consider 
 them works of genius ? We know that he 
 once acknowledged that he had done wrong, 
 adding, '■ Perhaps, had I formerly had my 
 present experience I should have traced out a 
 different course from that which I have fol- 
 lowed.' This was said to Madame de Kan- 
 neberg, one of the queen's ladies, who had 
 ventured to remonstrate with him on his not 
 going to church." * 
 
 That King Frederick, notwithstanding all 
 of his coldness and seeming indifference, hon- 
 
 * Hudson, pp. iS8, 1S9, 195, 196. 
 
THE CO UNTR Y IN MO URNING. 20 1 
 
 ored and even loved his wife at times is shown 
 in a letter which he wrote to Doctor Mutzell 
 during a severe illness : 
 
 '' I learn, to my great sorrow, that her maj- 
 esty, the queen, is ill, and that her illness 
 threatens to be serious unless speedy relief 
 comes. I charge you, for that reason, imme- 
 diately to visit her, and to consult with the 
 two most celebrated and learned physicians 
 of Berlin, in whom I have the most confi- 
 dence, in order to render her all the assist- 
 ance which your art and knowledge will 
 afford. Bear in mind that it concerns a 
 woman who is much loved, and who is indis- 
 pensably necessary to the country, to the 
 poor, and to me." 
 
 The same sentiment is expressed in his last 
 will and testament, which he wrote in January, 
 1769. After he had made the necessary dis- 
 positions concerning his interment, and named 
 his nephew as his successor, he proceeds : 
 
 '•' To the queen, my wife, I bequeath, in ad- 
 
202 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 dition to the rent which she has already re- 
 ceived, ten thousand thalers yearly, two bar- 
 rels of wine annually, free wood, and wild 
 game for her table. The queen has promised 
 to appoint my nephew as her heir. As no 
 more appropriate place as a residence for her 
 can be found, Stettin may be mentioned nom- 
 inally. Still, I expect that my nephew will 
 allow her apartments in the palace of Berlin 
 suitable to her position ; also that he will 
 show her the respect due to her as the widow 
 of his uncle, and as a princess who never de- 
 parted ixovcv the path of virtue." 
 
 The Prussian people sympathized with the 
 queen in a most affectionate and tender man- 
 ner. When the king's remains were being 
 solemnly interred in the Garrison Church at 
 Potsdam the merchants of Berlin presented 
 the disconsolate widow a letter of condolence. 
 The queen accepted it, and expressed in writ- 
 ing her gratitude and pleasure at their 
 thoughtfulness of her in her deep affliction. 
 
THE COUNTRY IN MOURNING. 203 
 
 After her return from Sclionhausen to Ber- 
 lin the so-called mourning court took place in 
 her apartments. The room, which, according 
 to court etiquette, was only illuminated by 
 single wax candles, was hung with black. 
 The queen sat, clad in deep mourning, under 
 a canopy on the throne, which was also envel- 
 oped in black. All of the ladies of the court 
 who were present appeared in mourning and 
 wearing crape caps. The entire mourning 
 court passed through this solemn and im- 
 pressive ceremony in profound silence. 
 . This was certainly not a mere form of eti- 
 quette, in which Elizabeth Christine expressed 
 her grief over the death of the great king, but 
 it was to her emphatically a reminder of her 
 own approaching death. Seventy-one years 
 of her life had passed away. The earnest, last 
 hour might quickly and unexpectedly strike 
 at any time. She, therefore, immediately 
 made arrangements with reference to her own 
 
 burial. This direction is the only preserved 
 13 
 
204 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 memorial of the queen in her own handwrit- 
 ing in the German language. We, therefore, 
 translate it as accurately as we can, unabridged 
 and unaltered : 
 
 "When I have departed from this world, 
 and my soul is in eternity, my will is that my 
 body shall not be exhibited, and that I shall 
 be left in my night neglige ; moreover, that I 
 shall be wrapped in a sheet, and clothed in 
 linen, and have a cap on my head, such as I 
 usually wear in the morning. My coffin must 
 be simply lined, and must be an ordinary cof- 
 fin of oak, or black walnut, with simple silver 
 handles. I desire not to be placed in public, 
 and that no one see me except those w^ho 
 must necessarily be with me ; also that I shall 
 not be buried too soon. If possible, I wish that 
 eight days pass after my death before burial. 
 It is also my desire to be buried quite pri- 
 vately ; my court can follow me. As it is 
 quite near the cathedral, I prefer to have the 
 
THE CO UNTR Y IN MO URNING. 205 
 
 bearers carry me. If it is too much for them, 
 
 they can place me upon a hearse. It is my 
 
 wish and last desire that no public ceremony 
 
 be made. 
 
 " Elizabeth Christine. 
 
 " Berlin, February 28, 1787. " 
 
 In July of the same year she made and 
 signed her last will and testament, which con- 
 tained five articles. In the first, according to 
 her promise, she made the king, Frederick 
 William II., her chief heir, and in the second, 
 she directed that the twenty-five thousand 
 thalers which she had brought as her dowry, 
 and which had been expended in the purchase 
 of Rheinsberg,' should also be given to her 
 nephew, the king. In the third article she 
 commended her court and her servants to his 
 care, and asked at the same time that all of 
 those families and persons whom she had 
 hitherto supported, a list of whom would be 
 found in her desk, might still be afforded as- 
 
206 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 sistance. The fourth article directed that 
 whatever codicil might be added to her will 
 should be of equal effect with the will itself. 
 The fifth and last article revoked all other 
 wills or pledges that she had previously- 
 made. 
 
 After the death of the king, Elizabeth 
 Christine retired more than ever from public 
 life. It was no longer necessary for her as 
 queen to be present at the court ceremonies, 
 and she was enabled more than formerly to 
 enjoy the undisturbed quiet of rural life. 
 Her nephew, the reigning king, bestowed 
 upon her, in every way, that love and esteem 
 which she so richly deserved. Each year her 
 birthday was observed by the king and the 
 whole court in a manner commensurate with 
 her high position. In the year 1787 the king 
 made her a visit of congratulation, and handed 
 her a present of great value. A dinner was 
 served in the Rittersaal, at which a golden 
 service was used. This was followed by a 
 
THE COUNTRY IN MOURNING. 20J 
 
 delightful interchange of thought, which was 
 participated in by the entire court. A grand 
 concert and supper closed the happy enter- 
 tainment. The dowager-queen had every 
 reason to be pleased with the attention that 
 she received from the new king, and with the 
 reverence that he showed to his great prede- 
 cessor. 
 
 During the first years of his reign he de- 
 voted himself with great earnestness and zeal 
 to the demands of his royal office. He rose 
 early in the morning, and labored diligently 
 with his ministers and counselors. Those 
 who had served faithfully under Frederick the 
 Great were royally rewarded w4th honors. 
 He showed all possible friendliness and con- 
 descension to his subjects. In his walks in 
 the Zoological Gardens he jested and chatted 
 with the children and citizens whom he met. 
 It was certainly no empty flattery which gave 
 this king the name of " Frederick William, 
 the well-beloved." He made many improve- 
 
208 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 ments in the discipline of the soldiers, treat- 
 ing them with less severity, lowering the taxes 
 as much as possible, and devoting himself with 
 untiring energy to the well-being and educa- 
 tion of his people. 
 
 The queen, who had always had such per- 
 fect confidence in her husband's government, 
 did not always concur with the many seeming 
 innovations of her nephew. She generally re- 
 mained silent, but in a few instances expressed 
 her opinion. On the new king's accession to 
 the throne a part of the prayer, in the Com- 
 mon Prayer Book, which read thus : " Espe- 
 cially^ show thy grace and mercy to thy servant, 
 our dearly beloved king," was changed, so that 
 it now read, "to his majesty, our dearly be- 
 loved king." The following part : " Especial- 
 ly grant him wisdom for his government, royal 
 thoughts, salutary resolutions, a courageous 
 heart, a strong arm, prudent and true counsel, 
 and obedient subjects," was entirely left out. 
 
 Elizabeth Christine took Provost ZoUner to 
 
THE COUNTRY IN MOURNING. 209 
 
 task for this alteration. When he defended 
 himself because of the command of the king, 
 she replied : '' It is quite incomprehensible ! 
 My deceased husband was certainly a greater 
 king, a man of greater talent ! Still he was 
 never too proud to be called the servant of 
 God. He also had royal thoughts, wise resolu- 
 tions, and yet was not ashamed to continually 
 ask for more. I cannot understand how my 
 nephew could so easily depart from the estab- 
 lished way." 
 
XVII. 
 
 'HE queen's outer life remained al- 
 most the same as when Frederick the 
 Great was living. In summer she lived 
 at Schonhausen, and in winter in Berlin. In 
 the royal palace she occupied the apartments 
 lying to the right of the so-called Swiss-Saloon, 
 in the third story. An instance is given of 
 the manner in which she sometimes enter- 
 tained her guests at Schonhausen. One Sun- 
 day, her nephew, the new king, paid her a 
 visit. After receiving him, she immediately 
 escorted him, in company with the princesses 
 who were present, and the ladies and gen- 
 tlemen of the court, to a shady place in the 
 park, where she had refreshments served. The 
 table was beautifully decorated with flowers, 
 
FIFTY YEARS IN SCHONHAUSEN. 211 
 
 while the repast consisted only of bread, milk, 
 fruit, and confectionery. The ladies sat down, 
 while the king remained standing, enjoying 
 some of the milk, and taking part in the con- 
 versation. Thus simply and without con- 
 straint did she live. 
 
 Her literary labors were diligently continued 
 during her widowhood. In 1788 she published 
 the second volume of her French translation 
 of the " Manual of Religion," by Hermes, and 
 the following year she published a translation 
 of Gellert's " Sacred Songs and Odes." In 
 1790 she translated his "■ Lectures on Morals," 
 in two volumes. She had a great admiration 
 for this good man and his writings. It was 
 her pride and her joy, as she often herself ex- 
 pressed, to have been born in the same year 
 in which he was. Her last work, completed 
 in the last year of her life, 1796, was a new 
 translation of Spalding's '* Destiny of Man," 
 which she had translated in 1776, but which 
 had been revised. 
 
212 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 In the midst of her diligence and advancing 
 age she was often called to mourn the death 
 of those she loved most dearly. In 1788 her 
 brother, Ludwig Ernst, died, as imperial and 
 general field-marshal of Holland ; and a few 
 years later. Prince Ferdinand, of Brunswick, 
 her favorite and most intimate brother, died, 
 with whom she had corresponded regularly 
 since her marriage, and to whom she had con- 
 fided her joys and sorrows. The love and 
 esteem which was shown her by the new king 
 somewhat ameliorated her grief. Indeed, his 
 kind attentions gave her much happiness. In 
 1789 he presented her with a portrait of him- 
 self, and asked one in return from her. She 
 complied with his request, and at the same 
 time sent the following letter, which shows 
 the cheerful and beautiful relationship which 
 existed between them : 
 
 " My beloved Nephew : — Some time ago 
 you expressed a wish to possess a picture of 
 
FIFTY YEARS IN SCHONHAUSEN. 21 3 
 
 my old face. I hereby take the Hberty of send- 
 ing it, in accordance with your wish. The 
 picture has no other merit than this, that it 
 represents a good old aunt, who is attached 
 to you with her whole heart and soul, and who 
 ever feels, and ever will feel, toward you the 
 tender friendship of a mother. I have always 
 loved you as my son, and with such feelings I 
 hope to live and die. I am, your majesty, my 
 beloved nephew, 
 
 " Your true and devoted aunt, 
 
 "Elizabeth Christine." 
 
 In 1790 she gave a magnificent rural festival 
 to the inhabitants of Schonhausen in honor of 
 the fiftieth anniversary of her residence there. 
 While it was a day of great rejoicing to the 
 people, it was to her a day of melancholy 
 pleasure. It brought vividly to her mind those 
 fifty years that she had spent in that castle in 
 seclusion, separated from, and almost ignored 
 by, her husband, whom she so devotedly loved 
 
214 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 and admired. Yet her heart was full of grati- 
 tude, for she had passed quiet and peaceful 
 days in her apartments, and in rambling in 
 the beautiful gardens and grounds connected 
 with the castle. 
 
 She had here learned how to conquer and 
 conceal her grief, and to ignore the pomp 
 and vanity of court life. The society of a 
 few devoted friends, the study of her dear 
 books, surrounded by the beauties of nature, 
 and, above all, the calm and sweet commu- 
 nion with her God, were the pure joys that 
 she had experienced in such a rich measure 
 during the past fifty years. 
 
 At the time of the death of Prince Ferdi- 
 nand, and as the king was about to join his 
 army, Elizabeth Christine wrote him a very 
 affecting letter, expressing her interest in his 
 welfare. His reply is certainly a beautiful 
 proof of the confidence which he had in her 
 piety, and of the tender sympathy that he felt 
 for her in her affliction : 
 
FIFTY YEARS IN SCHONHAUSEN. 21 5 
 
 " Madame : — As I am sensible in a high de- 
 gree of the attention and the gracious letter 
 of your majesty, I give you my sincere thanks 
 for this, and for the sympathy which you show 
 toward me in reference to the forthcoming 
 campaign. There were only two reasons which 
 made me resolve upon this undertaking, first, 
 that it would contribute to the welfare of hu- 
 manity, and second, the hope that it might 
 prevent the dangerous outbreak of an anarchy 
 whose center would be France, and which, 
 later, would have disturbed all Europe. I 
 have taken every precaution which human 
 prudence could devise for the carrying out of 
 my undertaking. My intentions are pure ; and 
 as to the result, I submit it and myself to the 
 will of divine Providence. 
 
 *' What my dear aunt has communicated to 
 me concerning the worthy and deceased Fer- 
 dinand has affected me very much. Only the 
 knowledge of his excellent character and his 
 deep piety can lessen my grief, and make me 
 
2l6 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 submissive to his loss. When I think of your 
 majesty, I know that you will find consolation 
 in divine Providence, who has vouchsafed to 
 you such great faith, and that you can now 
 have an opportunity of testing this faith. 
 And, my dear aunt, I hope that this great 
 treasure of happiness and bliss that you are 
 striving after may be yours. 
 
 " I venture urgently to pray your majesty, 
 during this time of sorrow, to take good care 
 of your health, and to consider how precious 
 your life is to me, and to all those who have 
 the happiness to be related to you. 
 
 " As I leave the day after to-morrow for my 
 army, my dear aunt will allow me, in these 
 lines, to commend myself to her gracious re- 
 membrance, and to repeat to her the assurance 
 of the sincerest and humblest affection, which 
 I now have and ever hope to have. 
 " Your faithful nephew, 
 
 " Frederick William. 
 
 "Potsdam, July 8, 1792." 
 

 
 XVIII. 
 
 Incidents fj|om !f T|e^etiiofe William ^n/$ Boyhood. 
 
 ^"^^^LIZABETH CHRISTINE, at this 
 period of her Hfe, had many atten- 
 ^^% tions, and enjoyed the society of the 
 king's children, her grand-nieces and nephews. 
 She was never happier than when surrounded 
 by them, and their cheerful life refreshed her 
 last years like the sweet breath of Spring. 
 Frederick William, the crown-prince, who suc- 
 ceeded his father to the throne, always mani- 
 fested a very great attachment for his aged 
 aunt. It was to her a day of great rejoicing 
 when he married the beautiful and accom- 
 plished Princess of Mecklenburg - Strelitz, 
 Louisa Augusta Wilhelmina Amalia, who was 
 destined to be the most celebrated woman in 
 Prussian history. On this festal occasion 
 
2 1 8 ELIZABE Til CHRISTINE. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth Christine was particularly 
 honored. 
 
 The crown-prince, as well as his brothers, 
 was also a great favorite of Frederick the 
 Great, and had given him, in his old age, much 
 amusement and pleasure. " One day, for ex- 
 ample, while the king was writing in his li- 
 brary, the little boys were playing at ball in 
 his room. One of the boys, Frederick Will- 
 iam, repeatedly threw the ball close to the 
 king, who at last caught it and put it into his 
 pocket. The little prince repeatedly asked 
 for it, but the king quietly went on writing, 
 till at length there came, in a tone of indigna- 
 tion, 'Will not your majesty give me my 
 ball ? ' The king looked up and saw the little 
 Hohenzollern planted firmly, in determined 
 position, wearing quite a peremptory air. 
 * Thou art a brave little fellow ; they wont get 
 Silesia out of thee ! ' cried he, laughing, and 
 throwing the ball to the child." 
 
 The little princes had not had much of their 
 
INCIDENTS. 219 
 
 father's attention in their early days. Their 
 mother, Frederica Louisa, of Hesse-Darmstadt, 
 who was devotedly fond of them, had had 
 much to depress her spirits, and they had been 
 educated by a harsh tutor, Hofmeister Benich, 
 an irritable, peevish man, whose nerves were 
 not strong enough to bear with the noisy vi- 
 vacity of boys. Under these circumstances 
 the princes had grown up rather shy. Mons. 
 Mirabeau, the French embassador at the court 
 of Berlin, says that their manners were awk- 
 ward, and not always courteous. But that 
 shrewd Frenchman had penetration to see 
 strong elements in young Frederick William's 
 character. " Everything that is heard of him 
 shows a fine character ; every thing in him has 
 a decided stamp ; he asks the reason of ever^^ 
 thing," says Mirabeau. He adds, "This young 
 prince may have a great future before him." 
 This opinion accords with the words of Fred- 
 erick the Great, ''// me recommencerar ^ 
 
 * Compare Hudson, in loco. 
 14 
 
220 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 The prince's education was very carefully 
 finished. Professor Engel, and Ramler the 
 poet, gave him lessons in philosophy and in 
 German literature. It is remarkable that his 
 last governor, Count Bruhl, who performed 
 the duties of the appointment with scrupulous 
 conscientiousness, was a Polish nobleman of 
 high descent, whose family had for generations 
 sided against Prussia with all its strength and 
 weight. Moreover, he was a Roman Catholic ; 
 but this circumstance does not seem to have 
 affected the religious opinions of the prince, 
 which have been fully put before the world by 
 Bishop Eylert, who knew him very intimately. 
 
 Prince Frederick William had grown up un- 
 der the eye of Frederick the Great, for he was 
 nearly seventeen years of age when this aged 
 monarch died. The aged Frederick seems to 
 have looked beyond the immediate heir, the 
 father of this young prince, and to have set 
 his hopes upon the promising son, who, if he 
 lived, would one day be King of Prussia. He 
 
INCIDENTS. 221 
 
 won the heart of the child, who grew up en- 
 tertaining toward him that feehng of mingled 
 love, respect, and confidence which ennobles 
 those who give it as much as it dignifies those 
 who receive it. The last conversation which 
 closed this intercourse between the old king 
 and his nephew's son made a deep impression 
 on the young man's mind. It set a seal which 
 gave reality, validity, and enduring power to 
 all that had gone before. 
 
 Many years afterward Frederick William III. 
 showed Bishop Eylert the garden-seat under 
 the beech-trees at Sans-souci, on which he and 
 Frederick the Great had sat together for the 
 last time. "The king," said he, "spoke of 
 my studies, and examined me, questioning me 
 especially in history and mathematics. He 
 then conversed with me in French ; we talked 
 together some little time, until he took from 
 his pocket a volume of La Fontaine's Fables, 
 and selected one for me to translate to him. 
 When I had done so he praised me for having 
 
222 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 construed it correctly and fluently. It hap- 
 pened to be a fable which I had previously 
 translated to my tutor ; therefore I knew it 
 well, and told him this. The king's stern face 
 brightened with a smile as he patted my cheek, 
 saying, ' That's right, Fritz ; alv/ays be honest 
 and sincere ; never try to appear what you are 
 not, but always be more than you appear ; 
 above all things, try to be a sterling character.' 
 He then arose and walked very slowly toward 
 the entrance of the park, talking to me by the 
 way more seriously and confidentially than he 
 had hitherto done. ' Fritz,' said he, * you 
 should prepare yourself for the future which is 
 preparing for you. My career has come to an 
 end, my day's work is done. I am afraid that 
 when I am gone there will be great confusion ; 
 things will go on pele-mele. The whole world 
 is in a ferment, and the rulers, especially those 
 in France, unfortunately foster the exciting 
 elements, instead of appeasing or neutralizing 
 them. Unity is destroyed, the separated 
 
INCIDENTS. 223 
 
 masses are already beginning to move. And 
 when this state of things comes to a crisis, it 
 will be Satan let loose. I am afraid it will be 
 thy lot, Fritz, to see troublesome times ; that 
 you will sometimes find yourself in a difficult 
 and dangerous position. Well, then, qualify 
 yourself to pass through trials ; prepare to 
 meet them firmly. When that day comes, 
 think of me ; watch over the honor of our 
 house ; be guilty of no injustice, but, at the 
 same time, tolerate none.' 
 
 " While the king was speaking we had 
 walked on slowly, and were approaching the 
 obelisk. He fixed his fiery, penetrating eyes 
 upon it, and lifted up his stick to point. 
 * Look at that, Fritz,' he said, ' look at it 
 well, and let it always say to thee, ^^Ma d^'oit- 
 ure est ma forced ' He then quietly bade me 
 observe that the summit of the obelisk, taper- 
 ing, lofty, and aspiring, overlooks and crowns 
 the whole ; but that it does not support, but 
 is itself supported, by all that is below it, 
 
224 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 especially by the invisible, deeply-laid founda- 
 tion under ground. Then said King Freder- 
 ick, ' The supporting foundation is the peo- 
 ple, the nation in its unity. Stand by it 
 faithfully, that it may love and confide in 
 you ; through the people only can you be 
 strong, prosperous, and happy.' He turned 
 his eyes on me, looked at me from head to 
 foot, and gave me his hand. Then came the 
 parting kiss, and the last words, ' Do not for- 
 get this hour.' " "And I have not forgotten it," 
 said Frederick William III. to Bishop Eylert. 
 The troublesome times foreseen by Freder- 
 ick the Great had arrived before the youth 
 whom he warned had attained to the prime of 
 manhood. Evil spirits were, indeed, let loose, 
 and passing events must often have reminded 
 the crown-prince of that conversation in the 
 park of Sans-souci. The crown-prince and 
 his brother Louis shared all the dangers en- 
 countered by war, and cheerfully bore every 
 inconvenience and hardship incidental to the 
 
INCIDENTS. 225 
 
 duties of active service. The crown-prince 
 gained a high military reputation for a man 
 of his age. The words of the immortal Fred- 
 erick were remembered in those days of trial : 
 " // nie recommeiiceray Although the young 
 prince was devotedly attached to the memory 
 of his illustrious ancestor, the two characters 
 were remarkably dissimilar in many respects, 
 and nothing could be more opposite than the 
 circumstances under which they were devel- 
 oped. The crown-prince's marriage to the 
 accomplished and Christian Princess of Meck- 
 lenburg-Strelitz did much toward establishing 
 his character. 
 
XIX. 
 
 HIS marriage was celebrated in Ber- 
 lin on Christmas-eve, 1793, seven 
 years after the death of Frederick the 
 Great. All of the members of the royal fam- 
 ily assembled in the apartments of the queen, 
 the bridegroom's mother, where the diamond 
 crown of the Hohenzollerns was placed upon 
 the head of the bride. The whole court then 
 repaired to the apartments occupied by the 
 aged widow of Frederick the Great. 
 
 " More than sixty years had passed away 
 since Elizabeth Christine wore the bridal 
 dress ; recalling that day, she may have 
 thought how different are anticipations and 
 retrospections. She had now reached the 
 sunset hour of a truly Christian life, when 
 
THE PACK EL TANZ. 22/ 
 
 the glory that is overhead tones down the 
 strong contrasts of earth ; and in the power 
 of that new Hght tranquiUity becomes the 
 blessing of the hour." 
 
 Ehzabeth Christine accepted the formal 
 invitation to grace the wedding with her 
 presence, and they all proceeded to the white 
 drawing-room, where, according to custom, 
 the ceremony was to be performed. It was 
 a very large and splendid room, entirely dec- 
 orated in white and silver, glittering with 
 mirrors and glass chandeHers. The style of 
 magnificence is chaste and simple. The silver 
 gallery, for an orchestra, was originally of pure 
 silver, but when Frederick the Great needed 
 money for the '' Seven Years' War " he melted 
 it down, since which time it has only been 
 plated with silver. 
 
 *' In the middle of the saloon a crimson 
 canopy, embroidered with gold crowns, had 
 been erected, beneath which stood a table 
 covered with purple velvet. In front of this 
 
228 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 table the royal family arranged themselves, 
 forming a semicircle. Bishop Sack, who had 
 baptized, confirmed, and administered the first 
 communion to the crown-prince, now ad- 
 dressed the young couple in an appropriate 
 discourse. Frederick William and Louisa ex- 
 changed their rings of betrothal, and were 
 married according to the rules of the Lu- 
 theran Church. 
 
 **The wedding banquet was served in five 
 State-apartments. The royal family sat at a 
 table in the knights' hall. The king. Queen 
 Frederica, Queen Elizabeth Christine, the 
 bride and bridegroom were seated under a 
 baldachin of crimson velvet, embroidered in 
 gold. The ministers, general officers, and no- 
 blemen sat in an adjoining apartment. 
 
 " The ball in the white saloon opened with 
 the national Fackel Tanz. This solemn torch- 
 light promenade is performed slowly as the 
 Minnet de la Cour, but to more spirited music, 
 which was adapted to the national dance in 
 
THE FACKEL TANZ. 229 
 
 the days of Prussia's first king — Frederick I. 
 The dance itself is of much higher antiquity; 
 it was danced by the mail-clad warriors of the 
 olden time, not only in the palaces of the 
 kings, but also in baronial halls, in the flaring 
 light of real torches, to the sound of very rude 
 musical instruments. Only at the Prussian 
 court is this old custom still observed at every 
 royal wedding. 
 
 '' The royal party ranged themselves in a 
 semicircle and sat down, the sovereign being 
 on his throne in the center. Gayly-dressed 
 pages held the lights, which they gave to the 
 cabinet ministers when drums and trumpets 
 announced that the Fackel Tanz was about to 
 begin. At a signal made by the great cham- 
 berlain, eighteen State ministers advanced, 
 two by two, each bearing in his hand a large 
 brilliant candle, which represented the torch 
 of the Middle Ages. Then came the bridal 
 pair, followed by their splendid suite. When 
 the crown-prince and princess approached the 
 
230 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 throne, and bent to the king, his majesty rose 
 and took the bride's hand, while the crown- 
 prince led his mother. Queen Frederica, and 
 his aged aunt, Elizabeth Christine. In meas- 
 ured steps to the slow but loud martial music, 
 they made the circle, inclosed by a golden 
 cord drawn round by pages within that large 
 saloon. When the king had resumed the 
 throne, the bride led the procession around as 
 many times as there were royal princes in the 
 room ; so each in his turn had the honor of 
 handing her round, while the bridegroom took 
 all the princesses in rotation, and every one 
 bowed and courtesied profoundly when pass- 
 ing the king and queens. 
 
 *' To picture this scene, we must remember 
 that ladies wore very high plumes, generally 
 fastened above the forehead with a large bow 
 or brooch in front of the band of velvet, silk, 
 or jewels which encircled the head. The 
 dresses were very scanty, with tight corsage 
 and long trains, so long as to require four or 
 
THE FACKEL TANZ. 23 1 
 
 six train-bearers. The bride's train was borne 
 by maids of honor, the others by pages. The 
 bride's dress was entirely of silver glace, sim- 
 ply made, but the corsage glittered with dia- 
 monds corresponding with those of the crown 
 on her head. The other dresses, plumes, and 
 trains presented a great variety of color and 
 material. Many robes were richly embroidered 
 in gold and silver. Gentlemen still wore long 
 embroidered coats, with lace ruffles, and dis- 
 played brilliant buckles at the knee and on 
 the shoe, and the cocked hat was indispen- 
 sable, carried under the arm in the room. Both 
 ladies and gentlemen whitened their heads 
 with powder. 
 
 " At length the Fackel Tanz was ended, and 
 the minister gave back the candles to the 
 pages, who lighted the bride and bridegroom, 
 their nearest relatives, and a select train of 
 attendants, to the suite of private apartments 
 prepared for them in the king's palace." "* 
 
 * Hudson, vol. i., pp. 311-313. 
 
232 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Two years after this marriage, to the great 
 joy of the royal family, a little prince was 
 born, who received the name of Frederick 
 William. It was Queen Elizabeth Christine's 
 happy privilege, at the age of eighty years, to 
 be one of the sponsors for this child. The 
 christening took place in the crown-prince's 
 palace at Berlin, under the throne canopy in 
 the audience-chamber. Bishop Sack performed 
 the baptismal service. The King of Prussia 
 held his grandson at the font ; and the child's 
 maternal grandfather was also present. The 
 infant prince had many sponsors. Besides the 
 aged queen were his two grandfathers ; the 
 Empress Catherine, of Russia ; Francis IL, 
 the last Germanic Roman Emperor ; King 
 George III., of England ; and Queen Charlotte 
 and the Duke of Brunswick. This little prince 
 succeeded his father, and died in 1861, child- 
 less, when his next younger brother, William, 
 the present German Emperor, ascended the 
 throne. 
 
XX. 
 
 Beautiful ^)U M^^, 
 
 ^^^^^^HE household of the aged royal 
 rji^ widow was conducted without osten- 
 ^ tation, but in a manner commensu- 
 rate with her high position. The embas- 
 sadors who appeared at the court of Berlin 
 never failed to present themselves before her 
 majesty, and were received with all honor. 
 Distinguished foreigners, also, were invited to 
 Schonhausen. Occasionally she gave a ban- 
 quet, followed by a concert or some diverting 
 entertainment for these celebrities. She gen- 
 erally dined with her maids of honor, a few 
 chamberlains, and invited guests. It was her 
 custom to invite a few persons to play in the 
 evening, but, as a rule, she retired early. 
 
 She still occupied herself daily with elevated 
 studies. Her literary labors were limited al- 
 
234 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 most exclusively, as we have seen, to the 
 translation of religious works, but her studies 
 were more extended. She read, with great 
 diligence, not only Greek and Roman classics, 
 but studied the history of all countries, espe- 
 cially the history of her own country. Her 
 writings testify how deeply she had penetrated 
 into the spirit of the old philosophers. Her 
 letters also are a proof of this. To one of her 
 friends, Fralilein von Kamecke, she once 
 wrote : '' I have commenced the Annals of 
 Tacitus, and find them charming to read. 
 One recognizes in them the spirit of the great. 
 This book captivates me, and while I read it 
 I am often prompted to meditation, and many 
 times to applications and comparisons." 
 
 The well-known scholar, Erman, gives the 
 following notice of her in his "■ Memoirs : " 
 " Queen Elizabeth Christine, the wife of Fred- 
 erick the Great, adorned the throne by her 
 virtuous and exalted character, which invested 
 her name with reverence and admiration. Her 
 
BEAUTIFUL OLD AGE. 235 
 
 astonishing diligence enabled her, amid the 
 duties and distractions of court life, and the 
 most extensive household cares, to occupy 
 herself with comprehensive studies and liter- 
 ary labors. One is astonished to see the great 
 number of French translations which she has 
 made from the best German authors on faith 
 and morals. She spent several hours daily in 
 the valuable library which she had collected, 
 and which she has bequeathed to Prince 
 Henry, the brother of the reigning king. She 
 was familiar with both German and French 
 literature, and her knowledge of history often 
 astonished men of science whom she honored 
 with her conversation." 
 
 Voltaire was several times in her society, 
 and sent her, on different occasions, his pub- 
 lished works. Notwithstanding the flattery he 
 bestowed upon her, either verbally or by let- 
 ter, he remained as a stranger to her. She 
 could not respect a man who scoffed at sacred 
 
 literature, and perverted the rich talents which 
 15 
 
236 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 God had given him. Other learned men, such 
 as Maupertius, d'Alembert, Erman, Farmey, 
 Biisching, Teller, Silberschlag, Dietrich, Zoll- 
 ner, and Spalding, often appeared at court, 
 and were invited to her table. 
 
 She often remarked : *' I esteem it an ines- 
 timable treasure that I was early taught to be 
 industrious, and accumulate as much knowl- 
 edge as I possibly could. This discipline is 
 now a source of great benefit to me." She 
 educated in the same way her niece, the Prin- 
 cess Frederica, and inspired, by word and ex- 
 ample, the same industry into her housenold, 
 and even sought to exert her influence in 
 wider circles. 
 
 When quite advanced in years she estab- 
 lished a little colony or village, on the border 
 of the beautiful pine and beech wood which 
 stretches from Schonhausen to the Reineck- 
 endorfer heath, which to this day bears the 
 name of the " Queen's Plantation," or Schon- 
 holtz. The colonists received their houses and 
 
BEAUTIFUL OLD AGE. 237 
 
 land free, for which they had only to work a 
 certain number of days in the royal gardens at 
 Schonholtz or Schonhausen. She also found- 
 ed a free school for the children of these colo- 
 nists, paying the teachers herself. Formerly 
 Schonhausen had been surrounded by dense 
 woods, but during the war these had been par- 
 tially destroyed. The queen resolved to re- 
 store this forest, and wrote several times with 
 reference to this project to the minister, von 
 der Schulenburg. '* If I cannot, on account 
 of my years, live to see a full-grown forest," 
 she wrote in one of her letters, "it will give 
 me pleasure to see the young growth of it, and 
 be able to picture to myself once more the 
 country with all those charms which it used to 
 have, when, in my young days, I used to go 
 through it so often." In another letter she 
 wrote, "As the king must pass this place every 
 year on the occasion of his military reviews, I 
 know that it will give him pleasure to see this 
 sandy soil planted with young trees. I hope 
 
238 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 this plan will be carried out, as it will be also 
 a great benefit to the country and to the in- 
 habitants of the neighborhood, who need shade 
 and wood." It gave her great pleasure to see 
 her proposition carried out, and to live to see 
 the young trees growing up. 
 
 At that time Christian education and Church 
 customs prevailed in the Prussian capital. A 
 writer of the period, who described the state 
 of religion in Prussia in a series of letters, says 
 concerning it : "A great part of the upper 
 classes of Berlin have distinguished themselves 
 by their true genuine piety, and by dutiful at- 
 tendance to public worship. There are good 
 families, who, by the careful Christian training 
 of their children, amid all the dissipations to 
 which their high rank subjects them, by the 
 most undeniable example of humanity and 
 justice, and, especially, by noble exemplary 
 conduct, make themselves honored and re- 
 spected every-where." The same writer adds, 
 *' The exalted mother of the land, the queen, 
 
BEAUTIFUL OLD AGE. 239 
 
 who is so much beloved by all Prussians, 
 stands at the head, and her example is certain- 
 ly potent enough to make a strong and lasting 
 impression upon the noble-minded courtiers 
 and the well-disposed nobility. Nearly every 
 Sunday she attends divine service with her 
 court in her apartments. Her favorite min- 
 isters are Pastors Dietrich, Sack, Spalding, 
 Troschel, Noltenius, Erman, Bruhn, and Kus- 
 ter, who are summoned whenever she wishes 
 them." She always partook of the Holy Sac- 
 rament in her apartments three or four times 
 during the year, up to the latest period of her 
 life. When in Berlin she was accustomed to 
 regularly attend public worship in one or the 
 other of the churches. While the Prussian 
 royal family acknowledged the Reformed doc- 
 trines, Elizabeth Christine remained true to 
 the Lutheran confession. 
 
 She sought to draw people of her own con- 
 fession around her, and selected for her special 
 pastor a clergyman of that faith. Provost 
 
240 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 Reinbeck officiated in this capacity up to the 
 year 1741 ; from that time to 1749, Inspector 
 Jocardi ; from 1749 to 1762, the Supreme Con- 
 sistorial Councilor Baumgarten ; and from 1762 
 up to the time of her death, 1797, the Arch- 
 deacon of the Marian Church, Johann Samuel 
 Dietrich. Her chief consolation and joy were 
 derived from reading and meditating upon the 
 word of God. Her piety and faith gave to her 
 life its strength and dignity. It was, there- 
 fore, no false flattery when, in the dedicatory 
 address of a work inscribed to her, she was 
 called, " A queen after God's own heart — a 
 pious and truly Christian queen." Neither 
 w^as it a mere stroke of courtly rhetoric or pol- 
 icy when Consistorial Councilor Kuster said, 
 in the dedication of a book to her: ''The voice 
 of impartial truth testifies that your royal 
 majesty has won from the noble-minded the 
 deepest and most affectionate reverence, by 
 your truly exalted moral actions. Of this I 
 have been a witness for fifty years, and from 
 
BEAUTIFUL OLD AGE. 2\\ 
 
 year to year my respect has increased ; for I 
 have often observed, with joyful praises to 
 God, how much good has been done for in- 
 tellect, religion, humanity, morality, and the 
 welfare of all classes through your majesty's 
 example and active influence. Never shall I 
 forget the hour when, during the war, I saw 
 and heard your majesty, as an example of the 
 most sublime reverence and heroic confidence 
 in God, publicly offer up prayer. Then, when 
 the cowardly trembled and the worldly-wise 
 were thoughtful, your royal majesty, a heroine 
 unshakably strengthened by God, maintained 
 a joyful hope in the future." 
 
 This faith was proven alike by word and 
 deed. She was deeply sensible of the truth, 
 *' Be strong in the Lord, and in the power of 
 his might," and exemplified it throughout her 
 whole life, and in her unhappy marriage. As 
 she never allowed herself to yield to revenge- 
 ful thoughts, so she watched over her sur- 
 roundings. Passion, enmity, and evil intrigue 
 
242 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 were banished from her quiet circle. Her Hfe 
 was one of suffering and love, and in both re- 
 spects she proved herself to be a true and 
 tried Christian. One of her most conspicuous 
 traits of character was her humble benevo- 
 lence. She settled an annual scholarship on 
 the Science School of Berlin, which, to this 
 time, is paid to poor pupils. She gave her 
 active assistance and sympathy to the deaf 
 and dumb asylum in Schonhausen. She gave 
 to the poor more than half of the money that 
 was settled upon her at the time of her mar- 
 riage. She even deprived herself of luxuries 
 that she might be able to help the needy. It 
 was very painful to her not to be able to assist 
 all who presented their petitions to her. 
 
 She was particularly fond of beautiful pearls. 
 One day an exquisite necklace, such as she 
 had never seen before, was offered to her for 
 sale. She could not determine whether to 
 purchase it or not, and allowed it to remain a 
 long time without deciding. One day she ex- 
 
BEAUTIFUL OLD AGE. 243 
 
 amined it again with great delight, and turned 
 smiHng to those around her with the question, 
 "Shall I buy it?" They answered, "Your 
 majesty can very well afford to do so ; you give 
 so much to others, why should you not retain 
 this for your own pleasure?" After reflecting 
 a m.oment, she said, " Take it away ! It pleases 
 me, but for the money which it would cost I 
 could make many poor people happy." That 
 she was charitable in the true evangelical 
 sense is seen by the fact that she exercised 
 her benevolence entirely in secret. She did 
 not allow her left hand to know what her right 
 hand did, and unwillingly heard her gifts and 
 charities spoken of. 
 
 Her sociability was another attractive trait 
 in her character. She was never more de- 
 lighted than when the palace grounds and 
 gardens were filled with people. The more 
 crowded the avenues were, the happier she 
 was. She always had a pleasant word for 
 those she met in her walks. Dr. Eschke, to 
 
244 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 whose asylum she gave much assistance, re- 
 lates that she very often conversed with his 
 deaf and dumb orphans in the most friendly 
 manner. Children were very fond of the godly 
 queen, for she always talked with them as she 
 met them in her rambles. 
 
 A pious gardener of Berlin, in company 
 with his little daughter, visited his uncle at 
 Schonhausen, who was a gardener in the serv- 
 ice of the queen. Elizabeth Christine fre- 
 quently met the little girl, and became quite 
 fond of her, so much so that she expressed a 
 wish later to see her again. Her father, ac- 
 cordingly, brought her to Schonhausen. The 
 queen was informed of her arrival one day, as 
 she was about to sit down to dinner, and or- 
 dered her servant to bring the child imme- 
 diately to her, and place her in a chair that 
 she might see all that was on the table. The 
 queen wished to hear what naive expression 
 the child would make at the splendor of the 
 royal table. Her large eyes gazed first at the 
 
BEAUTIFUL OLD AGE. 245 
 
 richly dressed guests, and then at the elegant 
 service that was on the table. Folding her 
 little hands she prayed aloud : 
 
 ** The blood of Christ, and righteousness, 
 These are my only festal dress ; 
 With them I shall 'fore God appear, 
 When I am called to his heavenly sphere." 
 
 This confession made a deep impression on 
 the guests. The queen drew the child to her 
 with emotion and kissed her fervently. One 
 of the court ladies said, with tears, '' O the 
 happy child ! how far we stand behind her ! " 
 It was as if the voice of the Saviour sounded 
 in their midst : '' Whosoever shall not receive 
 the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall 
 not enter therein." And yet such faith was 
 not strange at the court of Schonhausen. 
 Elizabeth Christine had, as her words and 
 works testify, made the motto of the apostle 
 her confession : '' For me to live is Christ, and 
 to die is gain." 
 
XXI. 
 
 Best at Last. 
 
 '^HRIST is my life ! This confession 
 was visible throughout the entire life 
 of the queen. And because Christ 
 was her life, death was her victory. During 
 her last years she completed a second transla- 
 tion of the work of Pastor Spalding on the 
 " Destiny of Man," which she had translated 
 and published in the year 1776. This book 
 was a great favorite, and had passed through 
 thirteen editions. The author had revised it, 
 and made many valuable additions ; for this 
 reason the queen resolved to make a new 
 translation, which she did. In the preface to 
 this translation — and it is her last literary con- 
 fession — she says : 
 
 '' We must not be strangers to ourselves, to 
 our own hearts and conciences. We must 
 
REST AT LA ST. 24/ 
 
 often, and with all carefulness, investigate and 
 prove our thoughts, our leading principles, 
 and our plans of life. So long as we fail in 
 that we shall only cast inquisitive glances 
 around us on the subjects which excite our 
 curiosity and engage our attention. The ob- 
 ject itself, the destiny of man, is of the most 
 weighty importance for the whole of human- 
 ity. Our talents can find no more glorious 
 employment than by becoming acquainted 
 with, and attempting to employ, those means 
 which lead man the most easily and surely 
 into the sanctuary in which true wisdom is 
 enthroned. While we examine ourselves, we 
 shall with reverence and with perfect submis- 
 sion hear the decree of the eternal God who 
 gives to conscience its law." 
 
 Ever nearer and louder Elizabeth Christine 
 heard the decree of the eternal God, and she 
 felt that she must prepare to meet him. In 
 April, 1796, she added a codicil to her last 
 will, in which she bequeathed some valuables 
 
248 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 to the crown-prince and the other princes 
 of the royal house, remembering also Duke 
 Frederick of Brunswick-Oels and the ladies of 
 her court. In this codicil she expressed a 
 wish that the members of her household 
 might remain after her death in possession of 
 their salaries as long as they lived, and at the 
 same time the hope that the king would neg- 
 lect none of them, nor allow them ever to 
 suffer from want. A letter to the king, which 
 she apparently wrote at this time, makes men- 
 tion of this subject, and reads as follows : 
 
 '■'■ Sire : I wish to give you my thanks, and 
 to testify my gratitude for all the goodness 
 and friendship which you, my dear nephew, 
 have manifested toward me during my life. 
 If I have in any way merited the same, it is 
 because I have ever been sincerely devoted to 
 you, and have entertained the tender love of 
 a mother toward you, for I always looked 
 upon you as my son. I wish you, my dear 
 
REST AT LA ST. 249 
 
 nephew, a long and happy reign. May your 
 subjects long have the happiness of retaining 
 and looking upon you as a father ! May God 
 long preserve your dear family, and all who 
 add to your happiness or contribute to the 
 welfare of your country ! Such are the sin- 
 cere wishes which I have at all times cher- 
 ished toward your majesty. 
 
 '' I now commend to you my entire house- 
 hold, and the poor whom I have been accus- 
 tomed to assist. Let them still enjoy the 
 perquisites which I have afforded them during 
 jny lifetime, according to my power and pos- 
 sessions. The list of the poor, as well as of 
 my household, is added here. In the same 
 desk the inventory of both palaces will be 
 found. The list of my jewels is in the casket. 
 You will have the goodness to let my other- 
 wise trifling heritage be distributed according 
 to the accompanying list. 
 
 '' I remain until death, with unchangeable 
 affection and the most perfect friendship, 
 
2 so ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 " Your majesty's humblest, truest, and most 
 devoted aunt and servant, 
 
 " Elizabeth Christine." 
 
 The new year, 1797, began. On the second 
 day of it the queen became ill, and lived only 
 twelve days. Some of the court ladies who 
 were with her tried to inspire her with hopes 
 of restoration to health. She replied, *' I have 
 lived long enough; I am much indebted to 
 the goodness of God. I can now be of little 
 more use either to myself or any one else by 
 living longer. I shall be better in heaven." 
 This hope^was the bright sunbeam which illu- 
 minated her last hours and sufferings. Short- 
 ly before she closed her eyes in death she 
 gave her faithful companions her parting 
 blessing. She said to them, " I know that 
 you will not forget me." On January 13, 
 1797, at the age of eighty-one years, two 
 months, and five days, the godly queen de- 
 parted this life for her heavenly home. It 
 
REST AT LAST. 2$ I 
 
 was the same year in which her nephew, the 
 reigning king, was to die, and on the same 
 day in which, seventeen years before, her be- 
 loved sister Louisa, the dowager Princess of 
 Prussia, had died. 
 
 The directions which she had written down 
 in the year 1787 concerning her funeral were 
 strictly fulfilled. Her body was interred at 
 eight o'clock in the evening, on January 20, 
 in the Cathedral of Berlin, in great quietness 
 and without any pomp. On January 22 me- 
 morial services in her honor were held in all 
 of the churches throughout Prussia. At this 
 time the glorified princess received from her 
 faithful subjects the praise which she so richly 
 merited. Since that time her name has been 
 almost obliterated from Prussian history. The 
 heroic deeds of Frederick the Great fill pages 
 upon pages in history, but the life of his ex- 
 alted and devoted Christian wife has been 
 almost forgotten. And yet the great king 
 
 once testified that she was " a princess who 
 16 
 
252 ELIZABETH CHRISTINE. 
 
 had never departed from the path of vir- 
 
 til 
 ue. 
 
 Preuss, the Prussian historian, who has writ- 
 ten a history of " Frederick the Great and 
 His Times," has given the following sen- 
 tence in her praise, " So long as the crown 
 of Prussia beams, so long will the virtues of 
 Queen Elizabeth Christine be glorified in its 
 splendor." 
 
 She deserved such a sentence in a high de- 
 gree. She justly merits a prominent place 
 among the noble princesses and queens of 
 Prussia and of all countries. Her meekness, 
 Christian patience, and amiable disposition, 
 which were always perceptible, even amid 
 heavy contests, adorn her brow with more 
 splendor than the royal crown ever did. Her 
 truly Christian faith makes her example ever 
 memorable to those who believe in the Sav- 
 iour. She was, and remains, to all women 
 a noble example of womanly, Christian 
 virtue. By gentleness and trust she had 
 
REST AT LAST. 
 
 253 
 
 fought a good fight ; she had finished her 
 course ; she had kept her faith ; henceforth 
 there was laid up for her the crown of right- 
 eousness. 
 
 ' ' Weary one, thou now dost see where God hath led thee, 
 
 His darkest dealings trace ; 
 And by those fountains where his love will feed thee 
 
 Behold him face to face." 
 
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