^LIBRARY OF CONGRESS^' Shelf,. IKJ^^^ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. THE PEOPLES' MAKITAL Hap-Book of Popular Goyerhent. A comprehensive view of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Departments of the Government of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; As well as a brief treatise on the qualifications, manner of election, term of service, duties, powers, and privileges of county and township offi- I cers in Pennsylvania. TO WHICH IS ADDED A COMPLETE SALARY AND FEE BILL FOR ALL COUNTY, TOWNSHIP, AND BOROUGH OFFICERS IN THE COMMONWEALTH. By JOHN ]M[cMURRAY, Esq., AiUkoT oj the Pennsylviiuia State Book. ; -^"^ t MAR 7 leO: / HARRISBITRC. LANE S. HART, PRINTKR. 188"). fK^^t Copyrighted by JOHN McMURRAY, 1885. PREFACE The Government of the United States, being a representative Repub- lic, secures rights to, and imposes duties and responsibilities upon, each citizen, peculiar and important alike to the citizen and tlie Govern- ment. The principle on which the Government is founded— that the sov- ereignty is in the people, and the officers of the Government are only their servants, or agents— demands that the people shall sufficiently comprehend who their several agents are, and what duties they have a right to demand from each, to be able to judge intelligently of their official action, and the manner of its performance. As any citizen may be called upon to hold office under the Govern- ment, knowledge of official dutj', official rights, and mode of action, is an obligation resting alike on the citizen and official. These considerations suggest the necessity for the present work; which is intended as an analysis of the Government, in its several branches, aepartments, and divisions, with a general outline of the duties incumbent on each department and the officers therein. The limits of the work forbid an exhaustive discussion of the several topics, but within its scope it will be found accurate and reliable. It is intended foi- popular, rather than for professional, use. From the dual character of the Government, the subject is necessarily divided into the National and State Governments, and treated in that order. In each branch of the Government — National and State — there is a law-making, or Legislative power, a law-applying, or judicial power, and a law-executing, or executive power. These furnish necessary di- visions of each branch. The duties to be performed in each of these are so numerous and diversitied as to necessitate their sub-division into de- partments, offices, etc., each one charged with specific labors and armed with ajipropriate poAvers and rights. These departments and offices, with the general duties belonging to each, the several officers and em- ployes therein, with their duties, powers, mode of appointment, term of service, emoluments, &c. , are treated in order. County and township officers, which belong to the State Government, are treated of separately. The purpose of this work is to place within the reach of every citizen (iu) iv people's MAKUAL. a brief treatise which will enable the masses to better qualify theni- selves, as private citizens and officers, to properly discharge the several duties they owe to the Government committed to their charge. That the work is entirely sufficient to furnish all the needed informa- tion for intelligent civil action is not claimed ; but that it may prove a substantial nucleus for further knowledge, and incite a desire among the masses of the citizens of the Republic to learn more concerning our form of government, and the duties, powers, and responsibilities of those charged with its administration, is the wish of the AUTHOK. Bbookville, Pa., February^ 1885. * TABLE OF COKTEISTTS. Chapteb Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter PART FIRST. Government of the United States. Legislative Department. Page. I. The Congress, 3 Executive Department. II. President and Vice President, 14 III. Provisions applicable to all Executive De- partments, 18 IV". Department of State, 22 V. War Department, 24 VI. Treasury Department, 29 VII. Department of Justice, 39 VIII. Post-Office Department, 40 IX. Navy Department, 44 X. Department of the Interior, 47 XL Department of Agriculture, 50 Judicial Department. XII. Constitutional Provisions, 52 XIII. The Supreme Court, 54 XIV. Circuit Courts, 56 XV. District Courts, 58 XVI. Territorial Courts, Court of claims, &c,, . . 61 Chapter PART SECOND. Government of Pennsylvania. Legislative Department. XVII. The Legislature, 65 Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Executive Department. XVIII. Governor and Lieutenant Governor, ... 71 XIX. Secretary of the Commonwealth's Office, . 75 XX. Attorney General's office, 79 XXI. A uditor^General's office, 81 XXII. State Treasurer's office and Sinking Fund, 83 XXIII. Offire of Internal Affairs, 87 XXIV. Department of Public Instruction and Sol- diers' Orphan Schools, .90 XXV. Adjutant General's office and State Militia, 98 (V) PEOPLES' MANUAL. Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter PAGE, XXVI. Insurance Department, 102 XXVIL. Public Printing and Binding, 103 XXVIII. Mine Inspectors, 106 XXIX. Various Boards, 108 XXX, State Library, 112 XXXI. How expenses of the State Government are paid, 113 XXXII. State Institutions, . 116 XXXIII. Subjects and Rates of Taxation, 121 XXXIV. Elections, 125 Judicial Department. XXXV. Supreme Court, 127 XXXVI. Common Pleas and other courts, . . 129 XXXVII. Justices of the Peace, Aldermen, &c., . . 133 PART THIRD. County and Township Officers. Chapter XXXVIII. County officers, 137 Chapter XXXIX. Townsliip officers, 156 PART FOURTH. Chapter XL. Salaries and tees of officers, 173 PAET FIRST. Government of the United States. (r. (2) LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. CHAPTER I. THE CONGRESS. Wheke LECxisLATn-E Power Vested — Number of Senators and Representatives — Qualifications and Term of Service — How Chosen — Representative Apportionment 1. The legislative power of the United States Government is vested in a Congress, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate is composed of two Senators from each State, and the House of Representatives of members, apportioned among the several States according to population. Each State must be divided into as many districts by the Legislature thereof, of contiguous territory, as nearly equal in population as practicable, as there are Representatives apportioned to the State, in each of which one Representative shall be chosen. The number of Reiaresentatives can never exceed one for every thirty thousand population, but erch State shall have at least one. A new apportionment of Representatives is made after each decennial census. The present apportionment was made by Congress in 1882, and under It the number of Representatives allowed each State is as follows : Ala- bama, 8; Arkansas, 5; California, 6; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 4; Delaware, 1 ; Florida, 2 ; Georgia, 10 ; Illinois, 20 ; Indiana, 13 ; Iowa, 11; Kansas, 7; Kentucky, 11; Louisiana, 6; Maine, 4: Maryland, 6; Massachusetts, 12 ; Michigan, 11 ; Minnesota, 5 ; Mississippi, 7 ; Mis- souri, 14 ; Nebraska, 3 ; Nevada, 1 ; New Hampshire, 2 ; New Jersey, 7; New York, 34 ; North Carolina, 9 ; Ohio, 21 ; Oregon, 1 ; Pennsylvania, 28; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 7 ; Tennessee, 10 ; Texas, 11 ; Ver- mont, 2; Virginia, 10; West Virginia, 4; Wisconsin, 9. Total, 325. To these is added one delegate from each of the Territories, who has a seat in the House of Representatives, with the right to speak, but cannot vote on any measure. Senators' must be thirty -live years of age, have been nine years citi- zens of the United States, and at the time of their election inhabitants of the State for which they are chosen. Representatives must be twenty- five years of age, seven years citizens of the United States, and at the time of their election inhabitants of the State and district for which they are chosen. Senators are chosen for six years, and Representatives for two years. Senators are elected by the Legislatures of the several States chosen next before the commencement of the Senatorial term for which they are elected, by the open viva voce vote of the members of both Houses, (3) 4 V PEOPLE'S MANUAL. each member voting for one person, a majority of all the members of both Houses voting being necessary to an election. The election is held on the second Tuesday after the meeting and organization of the Legisla- ture. When a vacancy occurs in the Senate, from any State, the Gov- ernor fills it by appointment until the next meeting of the Legislature, when it is filled for the unexpired term by election by the Legislature, in the same manner as for a full term. Should a vacancy occur while the Legislature is in session, it is filled in the same manner. The Grov- ernor of each State must certify the election of Senators to the President of the United States Senate, under the seal of the State, to be attested by the Secretary of State of the State. Representatives are elected by the qualified voters of the several States, in single districts, at the general election, by written or printed ballots, on the Tuesday next succeeding the first Monday of November of every second year, the elections occurring in the even-numbered years. Every person wno can vote for members of the Legislature, in any State, can vote for Representatives. When a vacancy occurs in the House of Rep- resentatives, from any State, the Governor orders a special election in the district to fill it. If any State denies the right of any male citizen thereof, twenty-one years of age, and a citizen of the United States, to vote for Presidential electors, members of Congress, State olficers, or members of the Legis- lature, except for participation in the Rebellion, or other crime, the num- ber of Representatives therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens of the State, twenty-one years of age or over. Contested elections of Representatives are determined by the House, after investigation and report by the Committee on Elections. The un- successful party to the contest is usually voted one year's salary by the House, as compensation for iiis time, trouble, and expenses. Organization and Meetings, 2. All Senators and Representatives must be sworn to support the Constitution of the United States, This oath is administered to each Senator by the President of the Senate, and may be administered to him by any Senator. It can be administered to the Speaker of the House by any member, (usually the oldest in continuous service,) and is ad- ministered by the Speaker to all the members and delegates. The Senate is a continuous body. It is divided into three classes, as nearly equal in numbers as possible, the terms of one class expiring every second year, with each Congress. Thus two thirds of its mem- bers always hold over, and it is always organized. The terin of service of Senators and Representatives begins on the fourth of March next succeeding the date of the election of Represent- atives; but Congress does not meet till the first Monday of December following; so that more than a year elapses between the date of the election of Representatives and the meeting of the Congress to which they are elected, unless a special session should be called by the Presi- dent. Each Congress has two sessions, called the long session and the short session. The first, or long session, begins on the first Monday of December of every odd-numbered year, and the second, or short one, on the first Monday of December of every even-numbered year. The long session usually continues six or seven months, and sometimes longer ; the short one can last but three months, as the Congress ex- pires on the third of March next succeeding the commencement of the session. On the first Monday of December of every odKi-n timbered year. Con- gress is organized at Washington by swearing in the new Senators, and by the election of a Speaker of the House of Representatives, after which the oath of office is administered to each member. Before this ^ LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 5 meeting, the clerk of the last preceding House of Representatives makes up a roll of the Representatives-elect, placing thereon only the names of such as appear from their credentials to be regularly elected, according to the laws of the United States and the several States from which they are sent. Only those whose names are on this roll can vote for Speaker. At the time appointed for the meeting, the Clerk of the last House calls the members to order, and presides until a Speaker is elected. After the election of Speaker, the other officers are elected, or appointed, the committees are named, and Congress is ready for work. In the Senate the committees are elected by the Senators. In the House of Representatives they are appointed by the Speaker. When Congress is about to convene, if the President thinks it would be hazardous to their lives to meet at the seat of Government, from the prevalence of any contagious sickness, or for other reasons, he may, by proclamation, convene them at some other point. Duties, Powers, and Privileges of Congress and its Members. 3. The Senate elects a President j)ro tempore from its own number in the absence of the Vice President, or when he is called to exercise the office of President of the United States. The House of Representatives elects one of its own members Speaker at the first session of each Con- gress. Both Houses choose for tlaemselves such other officers, and pro- vide for the appointment of such committees, as are necessary to trans- act their business, and each House is the judge of the qualification and election of its ow-n members. Each House determines the rules of its own procedure, punishes its members for contempt or disorderly behavior, and by a two-thirds vote may expel a member. A majority of each House constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and com- pel the attendance of absent members, under such rules as they may provide. Each House keeps and publishes a journal of its proceedings, but the journal of secret sessions is not published. During the sessions, neither House can adjourn for more than three days without the con- sent of the other, nor to any other place than that provided by law for their meeting. Senators and Representatives shall be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the sessions of Congress, and in going to and return- ing therefrom, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, and shall never be questioned outside of their respective Houses for any speech or debate therein. No Senat )r or Representative can, during the time for which he is elected, be appointed to any civil office under the Federal Government, which shall be created, or the emoluments of which shall be increased, during said time ; and no person holding any office under the United States can be a member of either House while continuing therein. No person can be a Senator or Representative, Presidential elector, or hold any civil or military office under the United States, who has taken an oath as a Federal or State officer to support the Constitution of the United States, and has afterwards engaged in insurrection or re- bellion against the same, or given aid and comfort to its enemies ; but Congress may remove such disability by a two- thirds vote. Congress has power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and ex- cises, which must be uniform throughout the nation ; and to pay the debts, and provide for the general welfare of the United States. . To borrow money on the credit of the nation. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the States, and with the Indian tribes. To establish uniform naturalization and bankrupt laws. To coin and issue money and fix the standard of weights and meas- ures. 6 people's manual, ^ To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the money and securi- ties of the United States. To establish post-offices and post-roads. To control the subject of copyrights and patents to inventors. To establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court. To define and punish piracy and felony on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and sea. To raise and support armies, and provide and maintain a navy, and make rules for their government and regulation. To provide for calling out the militia to execute the laws of the nation, suppress insurrection, or repel invasion. To jjrovide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such as may be in the service of the United States, reserv- ing to the States the appointing of the officers. To legislate exclusively for the District of Columbia, wherein is located the National Capitol, and have full authority over ail places sold to the United States for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings. To make all laws necessary for carrying into effect the powers vested in the Government of the United States, or any department thereof. Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as it thinks proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. New States may be admitted into the Union by Congress, but no new State shall be formed within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by uniting two or more States or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as Congress. Congress has power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States. Whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, Con- gress may propose amendments to the Constitution ; and on applica- tion of the Legislatures of two thirds of all the States, shall call a con- vention for the purpose of proposing amendments to the Constitution, which shall become part thereof on being ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the States, or by conventions in three fourths there- of, as one or the other mode of ratification maj'- be proposed by Con- gress ; but no State can be deprived of its equal representation in the Senate without its consent. Slavery is abolished in the United States, and Congress is charged, by the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution, with the duty of enforc- ing its abolition by appropriate legislation. Congress has power to declare the punishment for treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. Iiimitations on the Powers of Congress. 4. Congress cannot suspend the writ of habeas corpus, except when in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it; nor can it pass any bill of attainder or ex post facto law. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, except in proportion to population, as ascertained by the last decennial census. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex23orted from any State, nor shall any preference be given, by any regulation of commerce or reve- nue, to the ports of one State over those of another, nor shall vessels to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duty in another. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular slatement and account of liEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. . ^ the receipts and expenditures of all public money siiall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, nor shall any person holding any oflace of trust or profit under it accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State, without the consent of Congress. No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any olfice of public trust under the United States. Congress shall malie no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petitioil the Govern- ment for a redress of grievances. And the right of the people to keep and bear arms as militiamen shall not be infringed. Congress must see that the validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for the payment of pensions and bounties for service in suppressing insurrection or rebel- lion, shall not be questioned; and neither the United States nor any State sliall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of in- surrection or rebellion against the United States, or claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave, but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. Manner of Passing taws. 5. All laws must be passed by bill, which term includes joint resolu- tions. Every bill must be introduced on the report of a committee, on leave given by the proj^er House, or on the report of the court of claims. All bills for raising revenue must originate in the House of Repre- sentatives, but may be amended in the Senate. Every bill must receive three separate readings in each House pre- vious to its passage, but these readings need not be on difiereut days. The reading of a bill is usually by its title merely, but any member may require it to be read at length. A bill need not necessarily be referred to a committee, but, if such reference is desired, it is usually uaade when the bill is introduced, or on second reading. After a bill has been read three times, and passed by a majority vote, it is certified by the clerk to the other House, where it must be "passed in like manner. All amendments made to a bill in one House must be concurred in bj-- the other, or, if rejected, must be adjusted by a committee of confer- ence appointed by the two Houses, whose report must be adopted by both. After a bill has passed finally, it is copied at length on parchment by the Clerk of the House in which it originated, when it goes to the Committee on Enrolled Bills, consisting of seven Representatives and three Senators, who carefully compare it with the engrossed copy of the bill as it passed each House, correcting any errors that may be discov- ered. It is Then signed, first by the Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, and then by the President of the Senate, when it is sent to the President of the United States for his approval. If approved by him it becomes a law. If the President disapproves of a bill, he must return it, with his ob- jections, to the House in which it originated, who shall enter the objec- tions at large on their Journal, and proceed at once to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of those voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectivly. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days 8 people's MANUAIi. (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, it shall be a law in like manner as if signed by him, unless Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of both Houses is necessary, (except on the question of adjournment,) must be presented to the President, and be approved by him, or, being disap- proved by him, be repassed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses, accord- ing to the rules laid down for passing a bill over the President's veto. Compensation of Members, 6. The salary of the Vice President, who is President of the Senate, is |8,000 a year. When there is no Vice President, the President pro tem- pore of the Senate receives this salary. The salary of Senators and Rep- resentatives is 15,000 a year, payable monthly, and actual traveling ex- penses from their homes to the seat of government and return, once for each session. The Speaker of the House of Representatives receives ^3,000 a year in addition to his salary as Representative. In case of contested elections, those whose seats are contested receive no pay until they are sworn in. Members receive no allowance for postage, and are allowed no pay for time during which they are absent from the regular sessions of Congress, except in case of sickness of themselves or their families. The moneys appropriated for the compensation of the members and officers, and contingent expenses of Congress, are drawn from the treasury by the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House, on requisitions made by them, and disbursed by them, or under their di- rection. Senators and Representatives receive their salaries monthly. Impeachmento 7. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States, may be removed from office by impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or otlier high crimes and misdemeanors. The House of Representatives has the right to prefer all articles of impeachment against all officers, but the Senate has the sole power to try impeach- ments. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside. No person can be con- victed without the concurrence of two thirds of the members of the Senate present. Judgment, in case of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indict- ment, trial, j udgment, and punishment, according to law. Duties, Powers, Privileg'es, and Rights of the States and the Citizens thereof, and liimitations on the Powers of the States, 8. The enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and im- naunities of citizens in the several States. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State; and Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. AJl persons born or naturalized in the United States, or subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 9 shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any jierson of life, libertj^, or prop- erty, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on de- mand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be de- livered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. The United States shall guarantee to every State in the Union a re- publican form of government, and shall protect them against invasion; and, on application of the Legislature, or 'of the Executive, (when the Legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. Tlie rights of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and eflBcts, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- lated ; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported bj^ oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be ssarched, and the persons or things to be seized. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant any letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anj'thing but gold and silver coin a legal tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law imiaairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of nobility. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any imposts or duties on exports, except what may be necessary for executing its in- spection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Con- gress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will admit of no delay. No soldier shall be quartered in any house in time of peace without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war except as prescribed by law. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not bo denied or abridged by the United States, or any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Officers of the Senate and House, with their Annual Salaries. 9. Senate. — The otficers and employes of the Senate, besides the Vice President or the President ^ro tempore, with their annual salaries, are as follows : Clerk to Vice President, $2,102 40; messenger, $1,440; chaplain, $900. Secretary of Senate, $6,096; principal clerk, minute and journal clerk, principal executive clerk, enrolling clerk, $2,592 each ; financial clerk, $3,000; librarian, $2,220; assistant librarian, $1,440; six clerks, $2,220 each, and five, $2,100 each; keeper of stationery, $2,102 40; one assistant, $1,800, and one $1,400; two messengers, $1,440 each; three laborers, $720 eacli ; page, $912 50; telephone operator, $720; sergeant- at-arms, $4,320 ; clerk to sergeant-at-arms, $2,000 ; two assistant door- keepers, $2,592 ; postmaster, $2,250 ; assistant postmaster, $2,088 ; five inail carriers, $1,200; superintendent of document-room, $2,100; two iassistants, $1,440 ; clerk in document-room, $1,440 ; page, $720 ; superin- tendent folding-room, $2,160; assistant, $1,200; foreman, $1,200; six folders, $1,095 ; three messengers to acting assistant doorkeeper, $1,800 ; twenty-four messengers, $1,440; messeuEjer in charge of store-room, $1,200; one laborer, $840; one laborer, $720; chief engineer, $2,160; three assistant engineers, $1,440 ; two firemen, $1,095 ; three laborers, $720; eight skilled laborers, $1,000; twelve laborers, $720 ; four pages, $912 50 ; two cabinet-makers, $3 50 per day ; one stable boss, $75 per 10 people's manual. month ; two laborers at stables, $1 per day ; clerk of printing records, $2,230; messenger to official reporters, $1,440; telegraph operator, $1,200. 10. House of Repbesentatives. — The officers and employes of the House of Representatives, besides tlie Speaker, with their annual sala- ries, are as follows : Speaker's private secretary, $1,800; Speaker's clerk, $1,600; clerk of Speaker's table , $1,400; chaplain, $900 ; five official reporters, $5,000 each ; general indexer of Journal, $2,500 ; assistant indexer, $2,000; clerk of the House, $4,500 ; chief clerk, $3,000 ; journal clerk, $3,000 ; two reading clerks, $3,000 ; tally clerk, $3,000 ; printing and bill clerk, $2,500 ; dis- bursing clerk, $2,250; assistant disbursing clerk, $2,000; tile clerk, $2,250 ; enrolling clerk, $2,250; assistant enrolling clerk, $2,000 ; resolution and petition clerk, $2,000 ; newspaper clerk, $2,000 ; index clerk, |2,000 ; superintendent of document-room, $2,000 ; librarian, $2,000, and two as- sistants, $1,440; two messengers in library, $3 60 per day; stationery clerk, $1,800; distributing clerk, $1,800; book-keeper, $1,600; three clerks, $1,600 ; document clerk, $1,440 ; upholsterer and locksmith, $1,440 ; five laborers, $720 ; telegraph operator, $720 ; page, $60 ; sergeant-at-arms, $4,500 ; deputy sergeant-at-arms, $2,000 ; cashier, $3,000 ; paying teller, $2,000 ; book-keeper, $1,800 ; messenger, $1,200 ; page, $60 per month ; laborer,$660; door keeper, $2,500; two assistant doorkeepers,|2,000; clerk to doorkeeper, $1,200 ; janitor, $1,200 ; superintendent folding-rooms, $2,000; three clerks, $1,200; foreman in folding-room, $1,500; department messenger, $1,200; messenger, $1,200; folder in seal-room, $1,200; ten folders, $900; five folders, $840 ; fifteen folders, $720; page, $500; laborer, $400 ; watchman, $900 ; driver, $600 ; superintendent document-rooms, $2,000 ; assistant superintendent docunient-rooms, $2,000 ; file clerk, $1,400; assistant file clerk, $1,314; eight messengers, $1,200 ; ten messen- gers, $1,000; one employe, $1,314; nine laborers, $720; one laborer, $600 ; attendant in ladies' waiting-room, $600 ; fourteen maimed soldier em- ploy6s,$l,200 ; postmaster, $2,500 ; assistant postmaster, $2,000 ; nine mes- sengers, $1,200 ; laborer, $720 ; chief engineer, $1,700 ; assistant engineer, $1,200 ; conductor of elevator, $1,200 ; sis firemen, $900 ; electrician, $1, 150 ; assistant electrician, $800 ; two laborers, $820 and $720 ; two steno- graphers, $5,000 each. Clerks to Committees. 11. Senate. — Appropriations, clerk, $2,500 ; assistant, $1,600 ; messen- ger, $1,440; finance clerk, $2,500 ; messenger, $1,440 ; claims, clerk, $2,220; messenger, $1,440; commerce, clerk, $2,220; judiciary, clerk, $2,220; messenger, $1,440 ; private land claims, clerk, $2,220 ; pensions, clerk, $2,220; assistant, $1,440; messenger, $1,440; military afifairs, clerk, $2,220; post-offices and post-roads, clerk, $2,220 ; messenger, $1,440 ; District of Columbia, clerk, $2,220; messenger, $1,440; librarj^, clerk, $2,220; census^ clerk, $2,220 ; naval affairs, clerk, $2,220 ; foreign relations, clerk, $2,220 ; public lands, clerk, $2,220 ; engrossed bills, clerk, $2,220 ; mes- senger, $1,440 ; contingent expenses, clerk, $2,220. 12. House op Representatives.— Ways and means, clerk, $2,500 ; assistant, $1,200; messenger, $1,000; appropriations, clerk, $2,500; first as- sistant, $1,600; second assistant, $1200; messenger, $1,000 ; judiciary, clerk, $2,000 ; claims, clerk, $2,000 ; 'war claims, clerk, $2,000; assistant, $1,600 ; public lands, clerk, $2,000 ; pensions, clerk, $2,000 ; commerce, clerk, $2,000 ; assistant, $1,500 ; Districtof Columbia, clerk, $2,000; agri- culture, $2,000 ; Indian afiairs, $2,000 ; military affairs, $2,000. Standing Committees of the Senate. 13. On privileges and elections; appropriations; foreign relations; finance; commerce; manufactures; agriculture; military affairs ; naval affairs; judiciary ; post-offices and post-roads ; public lands; private land IjBGislative department. 11 claims; Indian affairs; pensions; revolutionary claims; claims; District of Columbia ; patents ; territories ; railroads ; mines and mining ; revision oftiie laws ; education and labor ; civil service and retrenchment; con- tingent expenses of the Senate; engrossed bills; rules; improvement of Ihe Mississippi and its tributaries ; transportation routes to the sea- board. Standini; Committees of the House. 14. Elections ; ways and means ; appropriations ; judiciary ; banking and currencj'-; weights and measures; commerce; rivers and harbors; agriculture ; foreign affairs ; military affairs ; post-offices and post-roads ; public lands; Indian affairs; territories; railways and canals; manu- factures; mines and mining; public buildings and grounds; Pacific railroads; levees and improvements of the Mississippi river ; education; labor; militia; patents; invalid pensions; pensions; claims; war claims ; private law claims ; District of Columbia ; revision of the laws ; expenditures in the State department; expenditures in the treasury department; expenditures in the war department; expenditures in the navy department ;■ expenditures in the post-office department; ex- penditures in the interior department; expenditures in the department of justice; expenditures on public buildings; on therviles; on accounts; on mileage ; joint committee on the library ; joint committee on print- ing; joint committee on enrolled bills. Congressional liibrary. 15. The library of Congress is composed of the books, maps, charts, and other publications remaining from the collections heretofore united by the several acts of Congress, passed from time to time ; those since added by purchase, exchange, donation, reservation from publications ordered bj"- Congress; and such as are deposited to secure copyright. This last is a fruitful source of increase to the library, as a copy of every work, which is copyrighted under the laws of the United States, must be deposited in the library of Congress. The filing of the title page of any book, pamphlet, or article, or a description of any painting, draw- ing, chromo, statue, statuary, or a design for a work of the fine arts, and the delivery to the Librarian of (^ongress of two co^Dies of such copy- right book or other article, or, in case of a painting, drawing, statue, statuary, model or design for a work of the fine arts, a photograph of the same, within ten days after the publication or completion thereof, shall secure to the author, inventor, designer., or proprietor thereof, the exclusive right to print, publish, and sell the same within the United States, for a period of twenty-eight years. The Librarian of Congress keeps a complete record of all books, &c., copyrighted, setting forth names, titles, dates, &c. The library is arranged in two departments — a law librar}'- and a gen- eral library. All books for the law library are purchased by the Li- brarian, from catalogues furnished him by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The library is maintained from year to year by appropriations made by Congress, and all expenditures are made under the direction of a joint committee of Congress upon the library, consisting of three Sen- ators and three Representatives. This committee makes regulations for the library, from time to time, modified by such as the Supreme Court may make for the law department. The library of the Smithsonian Institute is now kept in the same apartments with the library of Congress, and forms part thereof, under the conditions of the act of Congress passed in 1866. This library is under the care and direction of a Librarian appointed by the President of the United States. He gives bond to the United States in such sum as the joint committee upon the library deems suffi- 12 people's manual. cient, for the safe-keeping of the books, maps, furniture, &c., confided to his care, and for tlie faithful discharge of his trust according to the regulations established for its government. His salary is |4, 000 a year. He is authorized to appoint the following assistants in the business of the library : Two assistant librarians, |2 , 500 each. Two assistants 1,800 " Two " ; 1,600 " Two " 1,440 " Six " 1,400 " Two " 1,300 " Four " 1,200 " One " 960 One " 720 One " 480 The joint committee upon the library is authorized to grant the priv- ilege of using and drawing books from the library, in the same manner and subject to the same regulations as members of Congress, to the fol- lowing persons: Heads of departments; judges and reporters of the Supreme Court; members of the diplomatic corps; judges and clerk of the Court of Claims; Solicitor General and Assistant Attorneys G-eneral; secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House; chaplains of the two Houses 'of Congress ; Solicitor of the Treasury ; financial agent of the joint committee upon the library; Smithsonian Institute, through its secretary ; ex-Presidents of the United States, when in the District of Columbia. Capitol Building. 16. As a fitting close to this chapter, Y^e append the following descrip- tion of the capitol building at Washington, in which Congress and the Supreme Court hold their sessions, and the Congressional Library is located : The building is located at the east end of Pennsylvania Avenue, fronts the east, and stands on a plateau ninety feet above the level of the Po- tomac river, in latitude 38° 53' 20".4 north and longitude 77° 00' 35".7 west from Greenwich. The south-east corner-stone of the original building was laid on the 18th of September, 1793, by President Washington, aided by the Free- masons of Maryland. It was built of sandstone, painted white, taken from an Island in Aquia creek, Virginia, under the direction of Stephen H. Hallet, James Hoban, George Hadfield, and, afterwards, B. H. La- trobe, arcMtects. The north wing was finished in 1800, and the south wing in 1811, and were connected by a wooden passage-way. On the 24th of August, 1814, the interior of both wings was destroyed by the British, during the war of 1812, but were immediately rebuilt. In 1818, the central portion of the building was commenced, under the superin- tendence of Charles Bulfinch, architect, and the original building M'as finally completed in 1827. Its cost, including the grading of the grounds, alterations, and repairs, up to that time, was |2, 433, 844 13. The corner-stone to the extension of the capitol was laid on the 4th of July. 1851. by President Fillmore, Daniel Webster being the orator of the day. Thomas U. Walter was arcliitect, succeeded by Edward Clark, under whose direction the woric was completed in November, 1867. The extensions are built of white marble from the quarries at Lee, Massa- chusetts, with white marble columns from the quarries at Cockeysville, Maryland. The dome of the central building was constructed of wood at first, but was removed in 1856 and replaced'by the present structure of cast-iron, completed in 1865. Some idea of its stupendous character may be formed when it is stated that 8,909,200 pounds of iron are used in its construc- tion. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 13 The main building is three hundred and fifty-two feet four inches long iu front, and one hundred and twenty-one feet six inches deep, with a portico one hundred and sixt}-- feet wide, of twenty-four columns on the east and a projection of eighty-three feet on the west, embracing a re- cessed portico of ten coupled columns. The extensions are placed at the north and south ends of the main building, with connecting corri- dors fortj'-four feet long by hft^^-six feet wide, flanked by columns. Each extension is one hundred and forty-two feet eight inches in front, by two hundred and thirty-eight feet ten inches deep, with porticos of twenty-two columns each on their eastern fronts, and witii porticos of ten columns on their ends and western fronts. The entire length of the building is seven hundred and fifty-one feet four inches, and its greatest depth, including porticos and steps, three hundred and twenty- four feet. The area covered by the entire buildings is one hundred and fifty- three thousand one hundred and twelve square feet, or a few feet over three acres and a half. The dome is surmounted by a bronze statue of Freedom, modeled by Crawford, which is nineteen feet six inches high, and weighs 14,985 pounds. The height of the dome above the base line of the east front is two hundred and eighty-seven feet eleven inches ; the height from the balustrade of the building is two hundred and seventeen feet eleven inches ; and the greatest diameter at the base is one hundred and thirty- five feet five inches. The rotunda is ninety-five feet six inches in diameter, and its height from the floor to the top of the canoj)y is one hundred and eighty feet three inches. The .Senate chamber is one hundred and twelve feet in length, by eighty-two feet in width, and thirty feet in height. Its galleries will accommodate one thousand persons. The hall of the House of Representatives is one hundred and thirty ■feet in length, by ninety-three feet in width, and thirty feet in height. The Supreme'Court room was occupied by the Senate until 1859, the court occupying the room beneath, now used as a law library. The Library of Congress was burned by the British in 1814, and was partially destroyed by an accident in 1851. The present center hall was finished in 1853, and the wing halls in 1867. 14 people's manual. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. CHAPTER II. PBESIDENT AHD VICE PKESIDENT. The President — His Term and Q,ualifications. 1. The executive power of the Government is vested in a President of the United States of America, who holds his office during the term of four years. No person is eligible to the office of President except a native-born citizen of the United States, thirty-five years of age, and who has been thirteen years a resident in the United States immedi- ately preceding his election. Absence on account of the public service is considered the same as actual residence within the United States. Manner of Election. 2. The President is elected by Presidential electors, chosen by the sev- eral States as the Legislatures thereof may direct. Each State is en- titled to as many electors as it has Senators and Representatives in Con- gress, and they are uniformly chosen by the voters of the States at large, each voter voting for as many candidates as there are electors to be chosen by the State, those receiving ^' - highest number of votes being elected. Electors are nominated and voted for in the same man- ner as State executive officers. Any citizen of a State who can vote for members of the Legislature can vote for Presidential electors. No Senator or Representative in Congress, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, can be an elector. They are chosen on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November of every fourth year. Each State may provide by law for the filling of any vacancy in its college of electors when they meet to cast the electoral vote of the State. When any State has held an election to choose Presidential electors on the day appointed by law, and has failed to make a choice, they may be appointed on a subsequent day, in such manner as the Legisla- ture thereof may direct. The Governor of each State must cause three lists of the electors of the State to be made and certified, and delivered to them on or before the day on which they are to meet. The electors shall meet at the capitols of their respective States on the first Wednesday of December next succeeding their election, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President. Each elector shall vote for one person as President and one person as Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. They shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President ; and they shall make three separate lists of all persons voted for as President, and all EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 15 pfersons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each ; which lists tliey shall sign and certify, and dispose of as follows : The first they shall place in the hands of a person to be appointed in writing bj^ them, to be delivered by him to the President of the Senate of the United States, at the seat of government, on or before the first Wednes- day of January then next ensuing. The second they shall forward, by mail, at once to the President of the Senate, at the seat of government. The third they shall cause forthwith to be delivered to the judge of the District Court of the United States for the district ia which the electors are assembled. In case there is any State from which a certificate of electoral votes has not been received at the seat of government on the first Wednesday of January, the Secretary of State shall notify the proper district j udge, who shall forthwith transmit the list which had been delivered to him. Congress must be in session on the second Wednesday of February succeeding every meeting of the electors, and on that day the two Houses meet in the hall of the House of Representatives, and are presided over by their respective presiding officers. All the certificates received from the electors of the several States are then opened by the President of the Senate, and the electoral votes are counted in the presence and under the direction of both Houses in accordance with the joint rules adopted by them. The person receiving a majority of all the electoral votes cast shall be declared President, to serve for four years from the 4th of March then next ensuing. If no person have a majority of all the electoral votes cast as thus de- clared, then from the three having the highest number of such votes for President, the House of Representatives shall choose a President by bal- lot immediately. In thus choosing a President, the votes shall be taken by States. A quorum for this purpose consists of a member or mem- bers from two thirds of the States. "The vote of each State is determined by a majority of its representatives present. A majority only of the States voting is necessary to a choice. If the House of Representatives fail to elect a President before the 4th day of March next ensuing, when the right of choice devolves on them, then the Vice President be- comes President, as in the case pf death orother constitutional disability. The Territories and the District of Columbia elect no Presidential elec- tors. • ••• otw . Oath, Power,- Duties, and Compensation of the President. 3. It is his first and highest duty to see that the Constitution and the laws enacted by Congress, in pursuance thereof, are obeyed and faith- fully carried out. To this end he has many and large powers, and has the appointment of many officers to assist him. Before entering on the execution of his high and responsible office, he takes the following oath or affirmation, usually administered by the chief justice or one of the judges of the Supreme Court : ♦' I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the of- fice of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." He is commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States when called into the actual ser- vice of the United States. He has power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, two thirds of the Senators present concurring ; he nominates, and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints all ambassadors, and other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other federal judges, and all other officers of the United States, whether civil, military, or otherwise, whose appointments are not other- wise provided for by "the Constitution. He fills all vacancies that may happen in offices to which he may appoint, during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions to expire at the end of their next ses- sion. He commissions all officers of the United States. 16 people's MANUAIic He must, from time to time, give to Congress information of the stale of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he deems necessary and expedient. These communications are called the President's messages. He sends one such message to Congress at the opening of each session, and sometimes on special occasions of great importance. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses of Congress, or either of them ; and in case of disagreement between them as to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he thinks proper, not later than the date fixed by law for their next meeting. He receives all ambassadors and other public ministers. He appoints in his official household the following officers : One pri- vate secretary, at a salary of |3,500 a year; one assistant secretary, who must be a short-hand writer, at $2,500 ; two executive clerks, at |2,300 ; one steward of the President's household, at $2,000 ; one messenger, at 11,200. The steward has custody of, and is responsible for, the plate, furniture, and other property in the President's mansion, and must give a bond to the United States for the faithful discharge of his trust, in such sum as the Secretary of the Interior may deem sufficient, to be approved by that officer. The Vice President. 4. There is elected at the same time, and in the same manner as the President, one person to serve as Vice President, who must have the same qualifications as the President. If no person receives a majority of the electoral votes cast for Vice President, as declared by the joint meeting of the two Houses of Congress for counting the same, then from the tv/o persons receiving the highest number of votes for tliat office, the Senate shall choose the Vice President. A quorum for that purpose is two thirds of all the Senators, and a majority of the whole number is necessary to elect. The Vice President is President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless the Senators be equally divided, when he shall have the deciding vote. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the office, it shall devolve upon the Vice President. • In Case of the Death, &c., ot the President and Vice President, who to act as President, 5. In case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability of both the President and Vice President, the President of the Senate, or, if there is none, then the Speaker of ttie House of Representatives, for the time being, shall act as President until the disability is removed, or a Presi- dent is elected. Whenever the offices of President and Vice President both become vacant, the Secretary of State at once causes notice thereof to be given to the Governor of every State, and to be published in one or more news- papers in each State. This notice shall specify that electors of a Presi- dent and Vice President shall be chosen in the several States as follows : First. If there be two months yet to intervene between the date of the notice and the first Wednesday of December next ensuing, then the notice will specify that the electors shall be chosen within thirty-four days preceding such first Wednesday of December. Second. If there be not two months yet to intervene between the date of the notice and such first Wednesday in December, and if the term to be filled will not expire on the third day of March next ensuing, the notice shall specify that the electors shall be chosen within thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday of December in the next year. If there be not two months between the date of the notice and sucti first Wednesday of December, and if the term to be filled will expire EXECUTIVE r)EPARTMENT. 17 on the third day of March next ensuing, tlieu the notice will state that no electors are to be chosen. The electors chosen in pursuance ot such notice given, must meet and cast their votes on the first Wednesday of December succeeding their electioi>; and all regulations and provisions of the Constitution and laws, relating to the election ol President and Vice President for a full term, shall apply to an election to fill vacancies, on notice given by the Secretary of State. Salary of President aud Vice President. 6. The salary of the President is fifty thousand dollars a year, and that of the Vice President eight thousand dollars a year, payable monthly ; and they shall not receive, during that time, any other emolument or compensation from the United States or any State. Officers and Employees in Executive Office. 7. Private secretary, $3,250 ; assistant secretary, $2,250 ; two executive clerks, §2,000 each ; two clerks, $1,800 each ; one $1,600 ; one $1,400 ; one $1,200; telegraph operator, $1,400 ; steward, $1,800 ; clerk. $1,600; usher, $1,400 ; five messengers. $1,200 ; three doorkeepers, $1,200 ; watchman, $900; furnace keeper, $864. 18 people's manual. CHAPTER III. PEOVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. 1. There are seven separate and distinct executive ofSces in the " Ex- ecutive Department" of the Government, each one presided over and directed by an officer appointed by the President of the United States, and contirmed by the Senate. These officers constitute the President's cabinet, and are his immediate constitutional advisers in all govern- mental affairs. They are a Secretary of State, Secretary of War, Secre- tary of the Treasury, Attorney General, Postmaster General, Secretary of the Navy, and Secretary of the Interior. Their several offices are designated "Executive Departments," and are known as the Depart- ment of State, Department of War, Department of the Treasury, De- partment of Justice, Post-office Department, Department of the Navy, and Department of the Interior. The head of each department may make regulations for its government, not inconsistent with law, controlling the conduct of its officers, clerks, and employes, the distribution and performance of its busijitss, and the custody, use, and preservation of its records, papers, and property. The clerks in tlie departments are divided into four clas^ses, distin- tinguislied as the first, second, third, and fourth classes. No person is permitted to be appointed in any of these classes until he has passed a satisfactory examination in the manner prescribed by law. Women may be appointed to any class of clerkships, on the same conditions as men, and with the same compensation. Each head of a department may alter the distribution of clerks among the bureaus and offices of his department, as he deems proper from time to time ; and he has authority to employ sucli number of clerks of the several classes recognized bylaw, and such other employes, at such rates of compensation, respectively, as may be appropriated for by Congress from year to year. The regulations are very strict witli reference to employing extra clerks and paying extra compensation, as well as em- ploying extra laborers. The chief clerk in each department must see that the duties of the other clerks are equally distributed, revising the same from time to time and he must report monthly to his chief any defect he may ob- serve in the arrangement or dispatch of work, so that any defect or want of system may be remedied. Each chief of a bureau, or subdivi- sion, shall supervise, under his immediate superior, the labors of the other clerks therein, and see that they are faithfully performed. There is in each department a "disbursing clerk, "selected from those of the fourth class, whose duty it is to receive and disburse all the money appropriated by Congress lor the payment of the salaries of the officers, clerks, and employes, and the incidental expenses thereof. He must give bond to the United States in such sum as the Secretary of the Treasury shall direct, with sureties to be approved by the solicitor of the Treasury. Each disbursing clerk receives an annual salary of two thousand dollars. 2. The annual salaries of clerks and other employes in the several de- partments are as follows : Clerks of the fourth class, $1,800 ; clerks of the third class, $1,600; clerks of the second class, $1,400 ; clerks of the first class, $1,200; women employed in clerical duties subordinate to those assigned to clerks of the first class, such as copyists, counters, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 19 (kc, or when temporarily employed as clerks, $900 ; messengers, assistant messengers, laborers, and watchmen, $720. 3. The head of each department must make an annual report to Con- gress, giving a detailed statement of all receipts and expenditures on account of the contingent fund of his department and its various bureaus and offices ; and for this purpose must require from the dis- bursing officer thereof a full and detailed statement of ail moneys paid by them during the preceding year. They must also report annually the names of all emploj-es in their department, the tijxie employed, amount paid each, and whether the force can be reduced. The head of each department must cause to be filed in the Depart- ment of the Interior, as soon as practicable after the last day of Septem- ber in each j^ear in which a new Congress is to assemble, a complete list of all officers, agents, clerks, and employes therein, and the statis- tics peculiar to his department, to enable the Secretary of the Interior to i^repare the Biennial Register. 4. The salary of each head of an executive department, who is a Cabi- net officer, is $8,000 a year. The Civil Service Commission. 5. In January, 1883, an act of Congress was passed, entitled "An act to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States." It pro- vides for the appointment of three commissioners by the President, to be confirmed by the Senate, not more than two of them to be selected from the same political party. They constitute the United States Civil Service Commission, andean hold no other office or appointment under the Government. They are liable to removal at any time by the Presi- dent. They receive an annual salary of $3,500. 6. The commission has a chief examiner, a stenographer, and a mes- senger appointed by themselves, and a secretary appointed by the Presi- dent. The chief examiner receives an annual salary of $3,000, the secre- tary and stenographer $1,600 each, and the messenger $600. 7. It is the duty of the commission to aid the President, as he may direct, in preparing suitable rules for carrying the civil service law into etfect ; to see that such rules are obeyed and enforced, and to direct, superintend, and control all examinations held under the law and the rules made in pursuance of it. To this end they have authority to make such regulations as they may deem necessary for carrjnng into effect the act and the rules made by the President. They must see that their secretary keeps a correct and full account of all their official pro- ceedings. Tliey are required to make an annual report to the President, to be transmitted by him to Congress, The commissioners appoint boards of examiners to examine all ap- plicants for appointment under the civil service law. These boards are selected from the most competent and experienced clerks and employes In the several executive departments at Washington, and the several customs districts and post-offices throughout the country, where exami- nations are held. The board of examiners for the several departments at Washington consists of ten persons —two from the Treasury Dejjart- ment, two from the Post-office Department, two from the Interior De- partment, and one from each of the other departments. Besides this board for all the departments, there is one of five special examiners for the patent office, one of three special examiners for the State Depart- ment, and one of three special examiners for the pension office. In some of the custom districts, the boards consist of five members, and in others of three, according to the number of clerks and employes therein. The boards at the several post-offices consist of three members each. 8. There are three branches of the public service to which the civil service law applies : The departmental service at Washington ; the cus- toms service throughout the country ; and the postal service throughout the country. The clerks and employes in each of the departments at 20 people's manual. Washington are divided into several grades, as are also those in the sev- eral customs districts and post-offices. All examinations and recom- mendations for appointmients and promotions are made with reference to these grades. The law only applies to customs districts and post-offices where the number of clerks and employes therein, liable to examination, amounts to fifty or more. When the number employed is less than fifty, ap- pointments are made without any examination. 9. The following classes of appointees are not liable to examination : 1. The confidential clerk or secretary of the. head of any department or office. 2. Cashiers of collectors of customs duties. 3. Cashiers of post- masters. 4. Superintendents of money-order divisions in post-offices. 5. The direct custodians of money for v>rhose fidelity another officer is under official bond ; but this exception shall not extend to any official below the grade of assistant cashier or teller. 6. Persons employed ex- clusively in the secret service of the Government, or as translator or stenographer. 7. Persons whose employment is exc] usively professional. 8. Chief clerks, deputy collectors, and superintendents, or chiefs of di- visions or bureaus. 9. Workmen and laborers. 10. Officers appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. 10. Persons desiring to be examined for appointment must make ap- plication in regular form, on blanks furnished by the commission, and must furnish satisfactory evidence as to good character, etc. Those de- siring appointments in any of the Executive departments must direct their applications to the " U". S. Civil Service Commission, Washington, D. C" Those desiring to enter the postal service must direct their ap- pJications to the postmaster under whom the appointment is desired; and those wishing to enter the customs service, to the customs officer under whom the appointment is sought. 11. The examinations are very practical, have special reference to the character of the employment sought, and are limited to the following subjects: 1. Orthography, penmanship, and copying. 2. Arithmetic, including the fundamental rules, fractions, and percentage. 3. Interest, discount, and elements of book-keeping and accounts. 4. Elements of the English language, letter writing, and ;the proper construction of sentences. 5. Elements of the geography, history, and government of the United States. Examiners may use their discretion in omitting a part of the subjects, according to the branch of service the applicant desires to enter, or the grade of classification to which he seeks appoint- ment or promotion. 12. Females are eligible equally with males. No one can be examined for appointment who is under fourteen or over forty-five years of age, except persons honorably discharged from the military or naval service, to whom the limitation as to age does not apply. 13. All persons who pass the examinations and conae up to the re- quired standard of qualifications are not necessarily appointed, but the appointments are made from those who are certified by the examiners as competent. Physical qualifications are regarded as well as educa- tional fitness. No one can be certified for appointment "whose standing, upon a just grading in the general examination, shall be less than sixty- five per cent, of complete proficiency in the first three subjects." In case of a vacancy occurring at any time to which persons thus ex- amined are to be appointed, on application of the appointing officer, the commission certifies to him four names, taken from those standing highest on the register of those examined for that branch of the service, and from these he makes the appointment. All appointments are made for a probationary period of six months, at the end of which time, if the appointee's fitness and conduct are satisfactory, he is appointed absolutely ; otherwise he is dismissed. The law requires that the ap- pointments shall be apportioned among the States and Territories ac- cording to their population. EXEcuTI^^s department. 21 14. The examinations are held in different localities, as New York, Boston, Philadeli^bia, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Chicago, etc., so as to ac- commodate those to be examined. These examinations are not con- ducted by the commissioners, but one of them, or the chief examiner, is usually present. The actual work is done by the local boards. We might present many more details of the subject, and they would, doubtless, be interesting; but what we have given presents a correct view of the practical working of the commission, and is all we have room for. According to the report of the commission made in Febru- ary, 1884, about fourteen thousand appointments in the several branches of the Government service are subject to examinations made under the civil service rules. This number will, of course, increase from year to year. 22 PEOPLlf'S MANUAL. CHAPTER IV. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 1. The head of this department is the Secretary of State, the first in rank among the Cabinet officers. He is charged, under the direction of the President, with the duties relating to correspondence with the public ministers and consuls of the United States, and the represen tatives of all governments accredited to the United States. He is the medium of correspondence between the President and the Governors of the sev- eral States ; has charge of the great seal of the United States, and coun- tersigns and affixes such seal to all executive proclamations, to various commissions, and to warrants for pardon, and the extradition of fugi- tives from justice. He is the custodian of all treaties made with foreign States, and of the laws of the United States. He grants and issues pass- ports, and exequaturs to foreign consuls in the United States are issued through his office. He publishes the laws and resolutions passed by Congress, amendments to the Constitution, and all proclamations issued by the President. He is required to make certain annual reports to Congress relating to commercial information received from diplomatic and consular officers of the United States. 2. Besides the Secretary of State, there is in this department an Assist- ant Secretary, Second Assistant Secretary, and Third Assistant Secretary. In the absence of the Secretary of State, the Assistant Secretary be- comes acting Secretary. Under the organization of the department, these three officers are respectively charged with the immediate supervision of all correspondence with the diplomatic and consular officers of the United States in the countries named in divisions A, B, and C of those bureaus, and of the miscellaneous correspondence relating thereto. They are intrusted with the preparation of the correspondence upon any ques- tion arising in the course of the public business that may be assigned them by the Secretary. The Chief Clerk of the department has the general supervision of the clerks and employes and clerical work and business therein. 3. There are four bureaus in the department, as follows : Bureau of Indexes and Archives, Diplomatic Bureau, Consular Bureau, and Bureau of Accounts. To the Bureau of Indexes and Archives belongs the duty of opening the mails ; preparing, registering, and in- dexing daily all correspondence to and from the department, both by subjects and persons; the preservation of the archives, and answering calls of the Secretary, Assistant Secretaries, Chief Clerk, and Chiefs of Bureaus for correspondence, &c. The Diplomatic Hureau has charge of diplomatic correspondence and miscellaneous correspond- ence relating thereto. It has three divisions, A, B, and C. Each of these divisions is charged with the correspondence relating to certain governments. The Consular Bureau has charge of the correspondence with consulates and miscellaneous cor- respondence relating thereto. It has three divisions, A, B, and C, to each of which certain countries are assigned. The EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 23 Bureau of Accounts is charged with the custody and disbursement of the appropriations under Uie direction of the department; has the custodj^ of indemnity bonds, and the care of the building and property of tlie department. Tliis bureau not only disburses the moneys appropriated by Congress for the paj^ of tlie officers, clerks, employes, and incidental expenses of the department, but for all the expenses connected with the diplonaatic and consular service of the government. The office of the Rolls and liibrary has custody of the rolls, treaties, &c.; promulgation of the laws, &c.; care and superintendence of the library and public documents ; care of the Revolutionary archives, and papers relating to international commis- sions. The office of i Statistics has charge of the reports upon commercial relations. The Examiner of Claims (from the Department of Justice) has charge of the examination of questions of law and other matters submitted by the Secretary or Assist- ant Secretary, and of all claims. Salaries. 4. Assistant Secretary of State, $4,500 ; Second and Third Assistant, §3,500; chief clerk, $2,750; Chiefs of Bureaus, $2,100; translator, $2,100. Foreign liegations at Washington. 5. The following foreign powers have envoys extraordinary and min- isters plenipotentiary accredited to the United States, resident at Wash- ington, each legation having from one to ten or more attaclies: Argen- tine Republic, Austria- Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Chili, China, France, Guatemala, and Salvador, German Empire, Great Britain, Hiwaii, Hayti, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Nor- way, Switzerland, Turkey. The following have ministers resident : Denmark, Netherlands, Peru. Uruguay and Venezuela have each a charge d' affaires. 6. The United States Government has envoys extraordinary and minis- ters plenipotentiary accredited to the following foreign governments: Austria-Hungary, IJrazil, Central American States, Chili, China, Corea, France, German Empire, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Rus- sia, Spain, Turkey. It has Ministers Resident accredited to the Argentine Republic, Bel- gium, Bolivia, Columbia, Denmark, Greece, Hiwaiian Islands, Hayti, Liberia, The Netherlands, Persia, Portugal, Roumania, Servia, Siani, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Venezuela. And chargg d'affaires accredited to Paraguay and Uraguay, and Santa Domingo. 7. Tlie salaries of the envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipoten- tiary to France, Germany, Great Britain, and Russia, are $17,500 a year ; to Austria, Brazil, China, Italy, Japan, Mexico, and Spain, $12,000 ; to Central American States, Chili, and Peru, $10,000; to Turkey, $7,500; to Corea, $5.000 ; Ministers Resident to Argentine Republic, Belgium, Columbia, Hiwaiian Islands, Netherlands, Sweden and Norway, and Venezuela, ?57,500 ; Ministers Resident and Consuls General to Bolivia, Denmark, Hayti, Liberia, Persia, Portugal, Siam, and Switzerland, $5,000. Many consuls are paid by fees ; the salaries of others range from $1,000 to $6,000. . . 24 people's manual. CHAPTER V. THE WAR DEPARTMENT. 1. The Secretary of War, who is the head of this department, performs such duties as may be enjoined on him by the President (who is com- mander-in-chief) relative to military commissions, the military forces, the warlike stores, and other matters respecting military affairs. He conducts the business of the department as directed by the President. He has the custody of the books, records, rolls, and papers of the de-* partment. The transportation of troops, munitions of war, equipments, military property and stores, is under his immediate control, and he superintends the purchase and distribution of all army supplies. He provides for taking meteorological observations at the several military stations in the States and Territories, and for giving notice on the north- ern lakes and sea-coast, by telegraph and marine signals, of the approach of storms. He has, through the chief signal officer of the army, general supervision of the signal service. He makes an annual report to Congress, relative to the appropriations for his department; contracts for supplies and contingent expenses ; and concerning examinations and surveys of rivers and harbors. And he lays before Congress in February of each year an abstract of the re- turns of the adjutants general of the several States, of the militia thereof. 2. The chief clerk receives the official mail and correspondence of the department, and distributes, records, and answers it; keeps the ac- counts of appropriations and estimates ; is the medium of communica- tion between the Secretary and the various officers of the department, and has, under the Secretary, the general superintendence of the de- partment and the clerical work therein. 3. There are ten bureaus in the department, each under the direction of an officer of the regular army of the United States, and forming a part of the regular military establishment. These bureaus, with their special duties, are as follows : 4. The Adjutant General promulgates the orders of the President and lieutenant general commanding the army, conducts correspondence between the lieutenant general and the army, receives reports from officers of the army, issues commissions to officers and receives their resignations, superintends recruiting and the military prison at Leav- enworth, has charge of the records concerning the enlistment and draft- ing of volunteers, has charge of all muster-rolls, makes consolidated reports of the whole arniy, and has charge, under the lieutenant gen- eral, of the details relating to its discipline. 5. The Inspector General, with his assistants, inspects and reports upon the person7iel and the material of the army, at all posts, stations, and depots, and gives instruction relative to the correct interpretation of doubtful points of law, regulations, and orders, and upon other mooted questions regarding the proper performance of military duties; they also inspect the money accounts of all disbursing officers of the army. 6. The Qnartermaster General, aided by his assistants, provides quarters and transportation for the army, clothing, camp, and garrison equipage, horses and mules, forage, wagons, stores, stationery, fuel, lights, straw, hospitals, and medicines; pays the expenses of guides, spies, and interpreters, and veterinary surgeons; -pays the funeral ex- penses of officers and men, and has charge of all National cemeteries. 7. The Commissary General has control of the subsistence department of the army, and disburses the appropriations made therefor ; the pro- EXI^OUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 25 viding of rations and their issue to the army ; the purchase and distri- bution of articles to be kept for sale to officers and enlisted men ; and the examination and adjustment of accounts and returns for subsistence funds and supplies, preliminary to their settlement by the accounting otiicei'S of the TreasurJ^ 8. Tlie Surgeon General, under the immediate direction of the Secre- tary of War, is charged ■with the administrative duties of the medical department of the army ; he designates the stations of medical officers, and issues all orders and instructions relating to their professional duties. He has charge of the selection, purchase, and distribution of the medical supplies of the army. The army medical museum and the official publications of the Surgeon General's office are under his direct control. 9. The Paymaster General and his assistants pay the army, includ- ing the officers and enlisted men, and also all "certificates issued by the Second Auditor of the Treasury, keeping accounts and records thereof. 10. The Chief of Engineers commands the corps of engineers, a part of the regular army establishment, and which is charged with all engi- neering duties relating to fortifications, either permanent or temporary ; with torpedoes for coast defense ; with all works for attack and defense of places; with all military bridges, and with such surveys as may be required ibr these objects, or the movement of armies in the field. It is also charged with harbor and river improvements ; with military and geographical explorations and surveys; with the survey of the lakes, and with any other engineer work specially assigned to the corps by act of Congress or orders of the President. 11. The Chief of Ordna'>ice has charge of the ordnance department, which provides, preserves, distriljutes, and accounts for every descrip- tion of artillery, small arms, and all the munitions of war required for the fortresses of the country, the armies in the field, and for the militia of the Union. This duty comprises that of determining the general principles of construction and prescribing in detail the models and forms of all military weapons em|jloyed in war. Also the duty of pre- scribing regulations for the proof and inspection of all those weapons, for maintaining uniformity and economy in their construction, for in- suring their good quality, and for their distribution and preservation. For carrying into effect these general purposes, large appropriations are made annually, and extensive operations are conducted at the National armories, arsenals, and ordnance depots. 12. The Judge- Advocate General and his assistants receive, review, and have recorded the proceedings of all courts-martial, courts of in- quiry, and military commissions of the army, and furnish reports and opinions on such questiims of law and other matters as may be referred to the bureau of military justice by the Secretary of War. The Chief Signal Office has charge of the instruction of officers and men in signal duties, supervises the preparation of maps and charts connected therewith, and has the reports from the numerous stations consolidated and published. 13. The chief clerk in the War Department receives an annual salary of $2,750, and the chief clerk in each of the military bureaus receives $2,000 a year. The chiefs of the several bureaus receive pay according to their rank and standing in the regular army. 14. The Regular Army — Its Composition, &c. — The regular army com- prises one lieutenant general, three major generals, six brigadier gen- erals, five regiments of artillery, ten regiments of cavalry, twenty-five regiments of infantry, an adjutant general's department, an inspector general's department, a quartermaster's department, a subsistence department, a corps of engineers, a battalion of engineer soldiers, an ordnance department, the enlisted men of the ordnance department, the medical department, the hospital stewards of the medical depart- ment, a pay department, a chief signal officer, a bureau of military justice, eight judge- ad voca;;es, thirty post chaplains, four regimental 26 people's manual. chaplains, an ordnance sergeant and a hospital steward for each mili- tary post, one band stationed at the n:iilitary academy at West Point, a force of Indian scouts not exceeding one thousand, the officers of the army on the retired list. 15. Each regiment of artillery consists of twelve batteries, and has one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major for every four batteries, one adjutant, one quartermaster and commissary, one sergeant major, one quartermaster sergeant, one chief musician, and two principal musi- cians. The adjutant and quartermaster and commissary have the rank of first or second lieutenants. Each battery of artillery consists of one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, four sergeants, four corporals, two musicians, two artificers, one wagoner, and not more than one hundred and twenty-two jjrivates, A first and second lieutenant, two sergeants, and four corporals may be added, at tlie discretion of the President. 16. Each regiment of cavalry consists of twelve troops, one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, three majors, one adjutant, one quartermaster, one veterinary surgeon, one sergeant major, one quartermaster sergeant, one saddler sergeant, one cliief musician, one chief trumpeter. The adjutant and quartermaster have the rank of first or second lieutenant. The enlisted men of two of tlie cavalry regiments are colored. Each troop of cavalry consists of one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, five sergeants, four corporals, two trumpeters, two farriers, one saddler, one wagoner, and not more than seventy-eiglit privates. 17. Each infantry regiment consists of ten companies, one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major, one adjutant, one quartermaster, one ser- geant major, one quartermaster sergeant, one chief musician, and two principal musicians. The enlisted men of two regiments of infantry are colored. Each company of infantry consists of one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, four sergeants, four corporals, two artificers, two musicians, one wag- oner, and not more than one hundred privates. 18. The enlisted men in the army cannot exceed thirty thousand at one time. The term of enlistment is five years. Chaplains have the rank of captain of infantry, and are on tlie same footing as other officers as to tenure of office, retirement, and pensions. 19. The adjutant general's department consists of one adjutant gen- eral, with the rank of brigadier general ; two assistant adjutants general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry ; four with rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalry ; and thirteen with the rank of captain of cavalry. 20. The quartermaster's department consists of one quarterinaster general, with the rank of brigadier general ; six assistant quartermasters general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry ; ten deputy quartermasters general, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalry ; twelve quarter- masters, with the rank of major of cavalry ; and thirty assistant quarter- masters, with the rank of captain of cavalry. 21. The subsistence department -consists of one commissary general of subsistence, with the rank of brigadier general ; two assistant commis- saries general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; two with the rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalry ; eight commissaries of subsistence, with the rank of major of cavalry; and sixteen with the rank of captain of cavalry. 22. The corps of engineers consists of one chief of engineers, with the ranlc of brigadier general ; six colonels, twelve lieutenant colonels, twenty-four majors, thirty captains, twenty-six first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants. The battalion of engineers consists of five companies, each company having ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, and not exceeding one hundred and twenty-eight privates. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 27 23. The ordnance department consists of one chief of ordnance, with the rank of brigadier general; three colonels, four lieutenant colonels; ten majors; twenty captains ; sixteen first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants. 24. The medical department consists of one surgeon general, with the rank of brigadier general; one assistant surgeon general, with the rank of colonel of cavalrj^ ; one chief medical purveyor and four assistants, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalr3'^ ; sixty surgeons, with the rank of major; one hundred and fifty assistants, with the rank of lieutenant of cavalry for the first three years of service, and rank of captain of cav- alry thereafter ; and five medical store-keepers, with the rank of captain of cavalry. 25. The pay department consists of one paymaster general, with the rank of brigadier general ; two assistant paymasters general, with the rank of colonel of cavalrj^ two deputy paymasters general, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalry; and sixty paymasters, with the rank of major of cavalry. 26. The chief signal ofiicer has the rank of colonel of cavalry. 27. The bureau of military justice consists of one judge advocate gen- eral, with the rank of brigadier general, and one assistant, with the rank of colonel of cavalry. Besides these there are eight judge advo- cates, ^Wth the rank of major of cavalry. 28. Promotions in the line of the army are made through the whole army, in its several lines of artillery, cavalry, and infantry respectively. Promotions in the staff are made in the several departments and corps respectively. 29. Brevet commissions may be given by the President for distin- guished services in i:)resence of the enemy ; but no brevet rank entitles an officer to any additional pay or to precedence or command except when assigned to duty according to his brevet rank bj^ the President. 30. All appointments in the army, aside from graduates from the mili- tary academy and regular promotions, are made by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Pay of Officers and Enlisted Men. 31. The yearly pay of commissioned officers of the army is as follows : Lieutenant general, $11,000; major general, $7,500; brigadier general, $5,500 ; colonel, $3,500 ; lieutenant colonel, $3,000 ; major, $2,500 ; cap- tain, mounted, $2,000; captain, not mounted, $1,800; adjutant, $1,800; regimental quartermaster, $1,800 ; first lieutenant, mounted, $1,600 , first lieutenant, not mounted, $1,500 ; second lieutenant, mounted, $1,500 ; second lieutenant, not mounted, $1,400 ; chaplain, $1,500 ; aid to major general, $200 in addition to pay of his rank ; aid to brigadier general, $150 in addition to pay of his rank ; acting assistant commissary, $100 in addition to paj'' of his rank ; store-keeper, $2,000. 32. All commissioned officers below the rank of brigadier general are allowed ten per cent, of their current yearly pay additional for every five years of service. But such increase shall never exceed forty per cent., and the pay of a colonel shall never exceed $4,500, nor that of a lieuten- ant colonel, $4,000. 33. Officers retired from active service receive seventy-five per cent, of the pay of the rank on which they retired, and one year's pay and allow- ance of the highest rank held by them. 34. The monthly pay of enlisted men is as follows, in addition to rations and clothing: Chief trumpeter of cavalry, $22; principal musicians of artillery and mfantry, $22 ; saddler sergeants, $22 ; first sergeants, $22 ; sergeants, $17 ; corporals, $15 ; saddlers, $15 ; blacksmiths and farriers, $15; trumpeters, musicians, and privates, $13; hospital stewards, first class, $30; second class, $22 ; ordnance sergeants of posts, $34 ; sergeant majors and quartermaster sergeants of engineers, $36 ; sergeants of en- gineers and ordnance, $34 ; corporals of same, $20 ; privates of engineers, first class, $17 ; same, second class, $13. 28 people's manual. In addition to this rate of pay, all enlisted men receive one dollar per month additional for their third year of service, two dollars for the fourth year, and three dollars for the fifth year, making in all three dollars per month increase for tlae fifth year. All enlisted men, who are honorably discharged and reenlist within one month thereafter, after five years' service, including the first enlistment, receive three dollars per month in addition to the ordinary pay allowed them. The leader of the military band at West Point receives $75 a month ; the chief musicians of regiments receive |60 a month, and the allow- ances of a quartermaster sergeant, 35. Officers of tlie army who have served forty years consecutively as commissioned officers, on application, shall be placed on the retired list; those who have served thirty years consecutively, may, on application, be placed on the retired list, at the discretion of the President ; those who have served forty-five years consecutively, or are sixty-two years old, may be retired at the discretion of the President. Disabled officers may be retired from active service, or placed on the retired list, after examination by a retiring board, as provided by law. The whole num- ber of officers on the retired list can never exceed tliree hundred at any time. 36. The Military Academy. — Theofflcersof the army are largely sup- plied from the graduates from the military academy at West Point, New York, which is sustained by tiie United States, by appropriations made by Congress from year to year. Here thorough and practical instruc- tion is given in everything pertaining to the science and practice of war, and in the several branches of learning necessary to the proper under- standing and use of the same. The President appoints one person from each Congressional district in the United States, one from the District of Columbia, one from each of the Territories, and ten persons at large, as cadets to the military academy, to serve eight years. Appointees must be between the ages of seventeen and twenty-two j^ears. Before being admitted to the acad- emy, they are examined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of War, and besides being of good character, and having the necessary physical qualificaticms, must be well-versed in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and have a knowledge of the elements of English grammar, descriptive geography, particularly of the United States, and of the his- tory of the United States. And before their admission they must take the following oath or affirmation : "I, , do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and bear true alle- giance to the National Government; that I will maintain and defend the sovereignty of the United States, paramount to any and all allegi- ance, sovereignty, or fealty I may owe to any State, county, or country whatsoever ; and that I will at all times obey the legal orders of my su- perior officers, and the rules and articles governing the armies of the United States." Cadets are usually selected by the Congressmen from the several dis- tricts, from those persons having the necessary qualifications, and must be actual residents of the districts for which they are appointed. Va- cancies occasioned by death, or otherwise, are filled in the same manner as original appointments. • Cadets receive $500 a year, and one ration a day, during their contin- uance at the military academy, and at their graduation are commissioned second lieutenants in one or other of the several lines of service in the army. During their continuance at the military academy, they are governed by the articles of war for the government of the armies of the United States, and may be dismissed by sentence of a court-martial for improper conduct. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 29 CHAPTER TI. THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT. Secretary ot tlie Treasury. 1. The Secretary of the Treasury has charge of the^ national finances He considers and prepares plans for the improvement and manage- ment of tiie revenue and support of the public credit; superintends the collection of the revenue, and prescribes the forn:i of keeping and rendering all public accounts, and making returns; grants all warrants for money to be issued from the Treasury in pursuance of appropria- tions made by Congress, and audits and settles all public accounts ; makes report and gives information to either branch of Congress, as may be required, respecting all matters referred to him by the Senate or House, and generally performs all duties relative to the finances as directed by law. He controls the erection of public buildings, the coinage and printing of money, the collection of commercial statistics, the marine hospital, the revenue-cutter service, and the life-saving ser- vice. Under his superintendence, the Light House Board discharge the duties relative to the construction, illumination, inspection, and super- intendence of light-houses, light-vessels, beacons, buoys, sea-marks, and their appendages. He makes provision for the payment of the public debt, under laws passed by Congress, publishes statements con- cerning it, and at the commencement of each session of Congress sub- mits estimates of the probable receipts, and necessary expenses, for the ensuing year. 2. The routine work of the secretary's office is transacted in nine offices, or divisions, as follows : Division of appointments ; of warrants ; of esti- mates and appropriations; of public moneys ; of customs ; of internal revenue and navigation ; of loans and currency ; of revenue marine ; of stationery, printing, and blanks ; of special agents. The designations of these divisions indicate the class of work assigned to each. 3. The Treasury Department has the supervision of all officers con- nected with the collection of customs duties throughout the United States, and of all laws and regulations relating thereto. These duties are collected on imports and exports, at the several ports throughout the Union, by officers appointed for that purpose. The principal of these officers are denominated collectors, deputy collectors, surveyors, and naval officers. In New York, Boston, and other principal ports, the collection of duties is a very important matter, and large numbers of persons are employed in the customs service. The principal officers are appointed by the President and the subordinate officers and clerks are appointed by these, after a careful and rigid examination by the Board of Civil 'Service Commissioners, under rules and regulations made in pursuance of law. The internal revenue taxes are also assessed and collected under the direction of the Treasury Department. Assistant Secretaries op the Treasury. 4. One of these has general supervision of all work assigned to the divi- sions of customs, special agents, revenue marine, internal revenue and navigation, of the offices of supervising architect, superintendent of life-saving service, supervising surgeon-general of the marine hospital service, bureau of statistics, and supervising-inspecting general of steamboats; he has also the signing of all letters and papers as assistant 30 people's manual. secretary, or " by order of the secretary," relating to the business of these divisions, not requiring the signature of tlie Secretary of the Treasury. He discharges, in addition, such other duties as the secre- tary or the law may direct. 5. The other assistant secretary has the general supervision of all the work assigned to the divisions of appointments, warrants, estimates, appropriations, public moneys, stationery, printing and blanks, loans and currency, bureau of engraving and printing, and office of director of the mint ; he also has the signing of ail letters and papers as assist- ant secretary, or "by order of the secretary," relating to the business of tliese divisions and bureaus, not requiring the signature of the Sec- retary of the Treasury. And he discharges such other duties as the secretary or the law may direct. 6. The chief clerk supervises, under the immediate direction of the secretary and assistant secretaries, the clerks and employes and clerical work of the department. He has charge of the mails, the horses, wagons, carriages, &c., employed in the department ; the appropriations for con- tingent expenses ; the custody of the records and papers, and answers all calls for copies thereof; has charge of the official correspondence of the secretary's office, to see tliat it is in correct official form, and sees that the general regulations of the department are enforced. First Comptroller. 7. The First Comptroller countersigns all warrants issued by the Secre- tary of the Treasury covering the ijublic revenues into the treasury, and authorizing payments tlierefrom. All accounts examined by the first auditor, save those going to the Commissioner of Customs, those ex- amined by the tiith auditor, and accounts of registers and receivers of land offices examined by tiie Commissioner of the General Land Office, are reexamined in the first comptroller's office. Here also are examined and reported on the drafts for salaries and expenses of ministers and consuls abroad, and the requisitions for advances to marshals, internal revenue collectors, secretaries of tlie Territories, and other disbursing officers. Powers of attorney for the collection of drafts on the treasury are here examined, and many other duties performed relating to the adj ustment of claims against the United States. Second Comptroller. 8. The Second Comptrollerexamines,revises, and certifies accounts from the second, third, and fourtii auditors against the United States, as fol- lows : For organizing volunteers, recruiting, pay of the army, special military accounts, army ordnance, the Indian service, army medical de- partment, contingent military expenses, bountj^ to soldiers, soldiers' home, and National Home for Disabled Volunteers; from the third au- ditor for disbursements by the quartermaster's department, subsistence department, engineer department, army pensions, property taken by military authority for the use of the arjny, and miscellaneous war claims; from the fourth auditor for disbursements for the marine corps, by navy paymasters for pay and rations, by paj^masters at the navy-yards, for navy pensions at foreign stations, and the financial agent at Liondon. These accounts are examined in divisions, devoted respectively to affairs of army payiuasters, armj'- quarterinasters, navy paymasters, and_ tlie marine corps, army pensions, miscellaneous claims, and Indian afiairs. Commissioner of Customs. 9. The Commissioner of Customs has special charge of matters pertain- ing to the collection of customs duties. He revises and certifies the ac- counts of revenues collected from duties on imports and tonnage; of moneys received on account of the marine hospital fund ; fines, penal- ties, and forfeitures under the customs and navigation laws ; steamboat EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 31 inspection; licenses to pilots, engineers, &c.; from miscellaneous sources connected Avith customs matters, accounts of importation, withdrawal, transportation, and exportation of goods under tlie warehouse system ; disbursements for the expenses of collecting the revenue from customs, revenue cutter service, construction and maintenance of lights, marine hospitals, debentures, excess of deposits for unascertained duties, re- fund of duties exacted in excess, life-saving service, construction of cus- tom-houses aud marine hosi)ital, light, fuel, water, etc., for custom- houses; he approves and has custody of the official bonds given by cus- toms officers, aud transmits their commissions, has charge of the oaths of office of persons connected witli the customs service, and prepares for the use of the law officers of the department the accounts of officers in arrears to the Governiuent through his office. His office is organized in four divisions, as follows : Division of cus- toms, of book-keepiug, of bond, aud miscellaneous division. First Auditor. 10. There are six auditors in the Treasury Department to whom are referred the various accounts in favor of and against the Government for examination and settlement. Accounts are first examined by an auditor, and afterwards by one of the comptrollers of the treasury, or the Commissioner of Custoins, except those settled by the sixth auditor. 11. The First Auditor receives all accounts accruing in the Treasury Department, (except such as arise under the internal revenue laws,) and after examining and certifying the balance, transmits them with the vouchers and certificates to Ihe first comptroller or to the commis- sioner of customs having respectively the revision thereof. His office has five divisions, to which are referred respectively the following ac- counts: 12. Custoyn Division. — Receipts and expenditures of the customs ser- vice, including fines, emoluments, forfeititres, debentures, drawbacks, marine hospital service, revenue cutter service, &c. 13. Judiciary Division. — Accounts for salaries of 'United States marshals, district attorneys, commissioners and clerks, rent of court- houses, support of prisons, ika. 14. Public Debt Division. — Redemption of the public debt, including principal, premium, and interest, payment of interest, redemption of certificates of deposit, notes destroyed. 15. Warehouse and Bond Divisiooi. — Accounts received from custom- Louses. 16. Miscellaneous Division. — Accounts of mints and assay offices, Territories, coast survey, salaries, and incidental expenses of the legis- lative, executive, aud judicial departments of the Government; con- struction, repair, and preservation of public buildings ; Treasurer of the United States for general receipts and exi3enditures. Second Auditor. 17. The Second Auditor examines and transfers to the second comp- troller all accounts relating to bounties, recruiting service, pay and clothing of the army, subsistence of officers, medical and hospital ac- counts, pay of private phj^sicians, exjieuses of the War Department, contingent disbursements of the army, aud Indian affairs. There are six divisions in the office, to which the accounts are referred respectively, as follows : 18. Paymasters^ Division — Army paymasters' accounts, and accounts of payments to the Soldiers' Home, and the National Home for Disabled Volunteers. 19. Miscellaneous Claims Division. — Accounts of the Ordnance and Medical Department of the army, contingent expenses, army medical museum and publications, regular and volunteer recruiting, freedmen's bounty and pay. 32 people's manual. 20. Indian Affairs Division. — Disbursements for the Indians, money- accounts and property returns of Indian agents, and claims for goods supplied and services rendered. 21. Pay and Bounty Divisiooi. — Examination and adjustment of claims of soldiers and their heirs for pay and bounty. 22. Investigation of Frauds Division. — Investigation of alleged cases of forgery, fraud, overpayments, unlawful withholding of money, &c., in payment of soldiers. 23. Book-keepers^ Division. — Accounts of the numerous requisitions drawn by the Secretaries of War and Interior, are here examined and charged to the various ajipropriations. Third Auditor, 24. The Third Auditor examines and transfers to the second comp troUer all accounts relating to the Quartermaster General's Department' engineer corps, (Commissary General's Department, lost horses, unpaid pensions, State war claims, and claims of States for organizing and put- ting in the field volunteers after 1861. The office has six divisions, to which these accounts are referred, as follows : 25. Book-keepers^ Division. — Accounts of the numerous requisitions drawn by the Secretarj?- of War and Interior, examined and charged to the various appropriations. 26. Quartertnaster^s Department. — Accounts of disbursements for barracks and quarters, hospitals, offices, stables, and transportation of supplies; purchase of clothing, camp, and garrison equipage, horses, feed, forage, straw, bedding, stationery ; payments to hired men and ex- tra duty men; hired escorts, expresses, interpreters, spies, and guides; veterenary surgeons and medicines for horses ; supplying posts with water ; all other authorized outlays connected with the movements of the army. 27. Subsistence and- Engineer Division. — Accounts of all commis- saries in the army for the purchase and distribution of stores; officers of tlie engineer corps who disburse money for the military academjr, improvement of rivers and harbors, construction and preservation of fortifications, coast surveys, lake and river surveys, and construction and repairs of breakwaters. 28. Army Pension Division. — Accounts relating to the payment of pensions by the various pension agents. An account is kept with each pension agent, charging him with all moneys advanced for the payment of pensions, under the proper bond and fiscal year. At the close of each month, the agent sends in his vouchers and abstracts, direct to this office, where a preliminary examination is made to see if the money has been properly accounted for. The receipt of the account is then acknowl- edged, and the account tiled for audit. Each voucher is subsequently examined, and the payment entered in the roll-book opposite the pen- sioner's name. The agent's account, when audited, is handed to the sec- ond comptroller for his revision, and a copy of the statement of errors, if any, sent to the pension agent for his information and explanation. After being revised by the second comptroller, it is returned to this office and tiled, where it permanently remains. 29. iState, War, and Horse Claims. — Accountsof claims of the several States and Territories for expenses incurred in putting in the tieldtroops employed by the Government in suppressing the Rebellion; claims for the loss of horses and equipage by officers and enlisted men in the mili- tary service, and for horses, mules, &c. , lost while in the service by im- pressment or contract. 30. Miscellaneous Claims Division. — Accounts for stores appropriated, purchase of vessels, railroad stock, horses, and other means of trans- portation ; occupation of real estate, court-martial fees, traveling fees, &c. ; compensation for vessels, cars, engines, &c., lost in the military service ; claims growing out of the Oregon and Washington war of 1855-56, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 83 and other Indian wars ; claims of various descriptions under special acts of Con!j;ress, and others not specialh^ assigned. 31. Collection Z)iyi,sion.— Prepares accounts for suit against defaulting officers; answers calls for information from the tiles of the office; ex- amines claims for bounty land and pensions allowed to the soldiers of 1812, and certifies them to the Commissioner of Pensions. Fourth Auditor. '62. The Fourth Auditor examines, adjusts, ana transmits to the sec- ond comptroller all accounts relating to the pay, expe«iditures, pensions, and prize money of the navy, and the accounts of the Navy Department. His office is organized in three divisions, to which these accounts are re- spectively referred, as follows : 33. Record Prize Division. — Examines accounts for prize money, and prepares tabulated statements called for by Congress. 34. Navy Agents' Division. — Accounts of navy agents for disburse- ments at the several navy-\^ards. 35. Paymasters' Division. — Accounts of navy paymasters including mechanics' rolls. Fifth Auditor. 36. The Fifth Auditor examines, adjusts, and transmits to the first comptroller the diplomatic and consular accounts, expenditures of the State Department, including all international commissions; accounts of the internal revenue, census, Smithsonian Institute, National Museum, and expenses of the Post-office Department. It has three divisions, to which the se%'eral accounts are referred, as follows : 37. Diplomatic and Consular Division. — Accounts of all diplomatic missions abroad for salaries, contingencies, and loss by exchange; con- sular accounts for fees, salaries, loss b3^ exchange, contingent expenses, emoluments, salaries of interpreters and marshals, consular courts and prisons; relief and passage of American seamen; return of American seamen charged with crime ; rescuing shipwrecked American seamen ; estates of American citizens and seamen dying abroad ; accounts of the bankers of the United States at London ; awards of commissions, and expenses of international exhibitions ; commissions, boundarj^ surveys, &c. 38. Internal Revenue Division. — Accounts of collectors of internal revenue, including salaries, contingent expenses, and conipensation of storekeepers. 39. Miscellaneous Division. — All miscellaneous internal revenue ac- counts, including salaries, and expenses of agents, surveyors of distil- leries, fees and expenses of gangers, stamp agents' accounts, counsel fees, drawbacks, refunded taxes, redemption of stamps manufacture of paper and stamps, and salaries in the commissioner's office ; accounts of census office, Smithsonian Institute, and National Museum; contingent expenses of the Post-office Department, and sundry accounts of the Department of State, and patent office. Sixth Auditor. 40. The Sixth Auditor settles all accounts relating to the postal service, and his action on these is final, unless an appeal is taken in twelve months to the first comptroller. He superintends the collection of all debts due tlie Post-office Department, and all peOalties imposed on post- masters and mail contractors ; directs suits and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and enforces the payment of all moneys due the Post- office Department. There are eight divisions in his office, among which the work is divided as follows : 34 people's MANUAIi. 41. Collecting Division.— GoWQCtion of all balances due from post- masters, late postmasters, and contractors ; also payment of all balances due such persons, and the adjustment and final settlement of all postal accounts. 42. Stating Division. —Here the general accounts of postmasters and late postmasters are fully stated and js.ept in charge. 43. Examining Division. — Aiidits the quarterly accounts of all post- Offices. It has four sub-divisions -opening-room, stamping-rooms, ex- amining corps, and error-rooms. 44. Money-Order Division.— Here accounts of money-orders paid and received are examined, assorted, checked, and filed, remittances regis- tered and checked, and errors corrected. 45. Foreign Mail Division. — Has charge of postal accounts with for- eign governments and steamship companies for ocean transportation. 46. Registering Division.— Receiver from the examining division the quarterly accounts of all post-offices, reexamines and registers them, so as to show at the end of each fiscal year the total receipts and expendi- tures of the mail service. 47. Pay iJwxsion.— Examines all accounts for carrying the mails, rail- way postal service, railway postal clerks, route agents, local agents, mail depredations, special agents, free-delivery system, postage stamps, postal cards, envelopes, stamps, maps, wrapping paper, twine, mail bags, locks and Iceys, advertising, fees in suits on postal matters, and miscellaneous accounts. 48. Book-keepi7ig Division. — Keeping the ledger accounts of the Post- office Department, including postmasters, late postmasters, contractors, late contractors, and all accounts, whether general, special, or miscel- laneous. Treasurer of the United States. 49. The Treasurer of the United States has the custody of all public monej'S received into the treasury at Washington, or in the sub-treas- uries at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston, Cin- cinnati, St. Louis, and San Francisco, and in the depositories and deposi- tory banks. He disburses all public moneys on the warrants of the Secretary of the Treasury and on the warrants of the Postmaster Gen- eral. He issues and redeems treasury notes, is agent for the redemp- tion of the circulating notes of national banks, is trustee of the bonds held for securing tlie circulatmg notes of national banks, and of bonds held as security for public deposits; is custodian of Indian trust funds; is agent for paying the interest on the public debt, and for paying the salaries of members of Congress. There are six sub-divisions in the treasury office, having charge of the following matters: 50. Issue Division.— In which legal-tender notes, coin certificates, and currency are issued. 51. Bedemption Division.— Where coin certificates, national bank notes, fractional currency, &c., are redeemed and generally destroyed by maceration. 52. Loan Division.— W here bonds are issued, purchased, retired, can- celled, or converted. 53. Accounts Division. In which the accounts of the treasury, sub- trsasuries, and national banks used as depositories are kept. 54. National Bank Division.— Here bonds held as security for national bank circulation are examined, and notes issued, redeemed, and can- celled. 55. National Bank Redemption Agency.— In which notes of banks are redeemed and accounted for. Register of the Treasury. ' 56. The Register of the Treasury lias charge of the great account books of the United States, which show every receipt and disbursement of the EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 35 Government, and from whicli the statements are annually made for transmission to Congress. lie signs and issues all bonds, treasury notes, and other securities; registers all warrants drawn by the secretary on the ti-easury, as well as those drawn by the Postmaster General ; trans- mits statesmenls of balances due to individuals after their settlement by the first comptroller, on which payment is made ; issues ships' registers, licenses, and enrollments; prepares annual returns of all vessels built, lost, or destroyed; and prepares statements of the tonnage of vessels in Avhicli importations and exportations are made, with the various articles and their value. His office has live divisions, in which these duties are severally discharged, as follows : 57. Coupon and JS^ote Division. — Where bonds, interest coupons, gold certificates, and certificates of deposit and indebtedness are exam- ined, registered, and i.ssued or redeemed. 58. Note and Fractional Currency Division.— In which treasury notes, notes of national banks gone into liquidation, and mutilated frac- tional currency are examined, cancelled, and destroyed. 59. Loan Division. — Here registered and coupon bonds are issued, registered bonds transferred, coupon bonds converted into registered, the ledger accounts kept witla holders of registered bonds, and schedules made on which interest is paid on the same. 60. lieceipts and Expenditures Division. — In this division the ledgers of the United States are kept, showing civil, diplomatic, internal reve- nue, miscellaneous, and public debt receipts and expenditures; also statements of the warrants and drafts registered. 61. Tonnage Division. — Here the accounts are kept showing the reg- istered, enrolled, and licensed tonnage, divided into different classes, and showing what is annually built, and what is employed in the fish- eries of different kinds. Comptroller of tlie Currency. 62. The Comptroller of the Currency, under the Secretary of the Treasury, has the control and management of the national banks organ- Izzed throughout the Union. His office has four divisions, discharging the following duties : 63. Issice Division. — Prepares and issues the circulating notes of national banks. 64. Redemptio7i Division. — Redeems and destroys notes issued l^y national banks. 65. Rejoorts Division. — Has charge of the examination and consolida- tion of reports of national banks. 66. Organization Division. — Has cJiarge of the organization of all national banks. Director ot the Mint. 67. The Director of the Mint has general supervision of all the mints and assay offices. He reports their operations and condition to the Sec- retary of the Treasury, and prepares and lavs before him the annual estimates for their support. With the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, he prescribes regulations for cai-rying on the business at the mints and assaj- offices, the distribution of coin, and the sums to be collected from depositors. He receives and adjusts the monthly and quarterly accounts of superintendents and officers in charge of mmts and a.ssay offices, superintends their expenditures, and the annual set- tlements of the operative offices, and makes such special examinations as he deems necessary. All appointments, removals, and changes of clerks, a.ssistants, and workmen in the mints and assay offices are sub- mitted for his approval. The purchase of silver bullion and allotment of its coinage at the mints are made through the office of the Director, and transfers of public moneys in the mints and assay offices, and ad- 36 people's manual,. vances from appropriations for the mint service, are made at his re- quest. The monthly coinage of mints is tested, and ores, bullion, and coins are assayed, at the assay laboratory, under his charge. The values of the standard coins of foreign countries are annually estimated by the Director, and the collection of the statistics of the annual production of precious metals in the United States is made under his direction. The Solicitor. 68. The Solicitor of the Treasury is an officer in the Department ot Justice, having a seal, and is required, under the direction of the Secre- tary of the Treasury, to take cognizance of all frauds or attempted frauds on the revenue, and has general supervision of all legal measures for their prevention and detection. With the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, he establishes regulations for the observance of collectors of customs, and with the approval of the Attornej^ General for the ob- servance of United States Attorneys, marshals, and clerks, respecting suits in which the United States is a party or interested. He may also instruct district attorneys, marshals, and clerks of tlie circuit and dis- trict courts, in all matters and proceedings pertaining to suits in which the United States is interested, except those arising under the internal revenue laws. He must examine reports of collectors and district attorneys upon bonds delivered lor suits, inform the President of false reports of bonds delivered for suit, and supervise statements from district attorneys cov- ering suits, and those from marshals relating to proceedings on execu- tions; also reports from clerks as to judgments and decrees, and he has charge of all post-office litigation. He has charge of the secret service emplo3^6s engaged in the de- tection of persons counterfeiting the coin, currency, or public securities of the United States, and all other frauds on the Government. In ad- dition, the Secretary of the Treasury refers to the solicitor for his opinion a large number of cases arising in his department relating to duties, re- mission of fines, penalties, and forfeitures, navigation and registry laws, steamboat acts, claims, &c. 69. Solicitor of Internal Revenue. — The Solicitor of Internal Revenue is also an officer in the Department of Justice, whose duties are similar to those of the Solicitor of the Treasury, but confined to matters con- nected with the assessment and collection of internal revenue taxes. Commissiojier of Internal Revenue. 70. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, has charge of all matters pertaining to the as- sessment and collection s and charts of our coasts and liarbors, books of sailing directions, and annual tide tables, computed in advance, for all ports of tlie United States. U. S. Marine Hospital Service. 80. The Supervising Surgeon General is charged witli the supervision of all matters connected with the marine-hospital service, and with the disbursement of the fund for the relief of the sick and disabled seamen employed on vessels of the mercantile marine of the oceans, lakes, and rivers, and of the revenue-cutter service, the general superintendence of the marine hospitals, the purveying of supplies, the orders, details, and assignments of medical officers, and the examination of property returns. Inspector of Steam Vessels. 81. The Supervising Inspector General of Steam Vessels superintends the administration of the steamboat inspection laws, presides at the meeting of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, receives all their re ports, and examines all their accounts. The Board of Supervising Inspectors meets in Washington annually, on the third Wednesday of January, to establish and maintain regula- tions for carrying out the provisions of the law relative to the steamboat inspection service. 38 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. Superintendeut of the liife-Saviug Service. 82. It is the duty of the General Superintendent of the Life-Saving Service to supervise the organization and government of the employgs of this service ; to prepare and revise regulations therefor as maj^ be necessarj'; to fix the number and compensation of surfmeu to be em- ployed at the several stations; to supervise the expenditure of all ap- propriations made for the support of the life-saving service ; to examine tlie property returns of the keepers of the several stations, to see that all public property belonging thereto is properly accounted for ; to ac- quaint himself, as iaras ])racticable, with ail means employed in foreign countries that may seem to be of advantage to the service, and to cause all plans and devices (appearing to be meritorious) for the improve- ment of the life-saving service to be properly investigated ; to supervise the selection of sites for new stations", or for old ones necessary to be re- moved; to prepare and submit to the Secretary of the Treasury esti- mates for the support of the service ; to collect and compile the statis- tics of marine disasters, and submit to the Secretary of the Treasury, for transmission to Congress, an annual report of the expenditures of the appropriations made for the service, and of the operations of the service generally. From this brief statement of the duties of the Treasury Department, it will be seen that it covers a wide and diveisified field, the greater portion of which, however, relates to tlie finances of the Government and the collection and disbursement of its revenues. The salaries of the principal officers in the department are as follows : Assistant secretaries, ^,500; chief clerk, $3,000; comptrollers, $5,000; auditors, ^3,600 ; Treasurer of the United States, |6,000 ; assistant treas- urer $3,600; commissioner of customs, 14,000 ; commissioner of internal revenue, $6,000; comptroller of the currency, $5,000; supervising archi- tect $1,500 ;' director of the mint, $4,500 ; chief of the bureau of statis- tics' $3,000;, ciiiefs of divisions in Secretary's office $2,500; chiefs of divisions in Treasurer's office, $2.500 ; heads of divisions in internal revenue office, |2,500 ; chief of bureau of engraving and printing, $4,- 500 ; chief clerks in the several bureaus and sub-divisions, $2,000 ; prin- cipal book-keepers, $2,500; tellers, $2,500 ; chiefsof the several divisions, $2.000 ; supervising surgeon general, $4,000 ; supervising inspector gen- eral of sLeamboats,"' $3,500; chief of secret service division, $3,500; gen- eral superintendent of life-saving service, $4,000. Assistant treasurers of the United States receive salaries as follows : At New Orleans, $4,000 ; at Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati, Piiiladelphia, and St. Louis, $4,500 ; at Boston, $5,000 ; at San Francisco, $5,500 ; at New York, $8,000. The superintendents of the mints receive salaries as follows : At Carson City, $3,000; New Ofleans^ $3,500; Philadelphia and San Francisco, $4,500. Collectors of customs at the principal ports receive the following sal- aries: At San Francisco, Chicago, Nev/ Orleans, and Baltimore, $7,000 ; Boston, $S, 000 ; New York, $12,000; Philadelphia, $8,000. At each of these ports there is a naval officer, at a salary of $5,000 except in New York, where he receives $S,000, and a surveyor, who receives about the same salary. Collectors of internal revenue receive from $2,250 to $4,- 500 a year,^according to the size and importance of the district; deputy colleccors receive from $1,000 to $2,000 a year. Captains in the revenue marine service receive $2,500 a year; first lieutenants, $1,800; second lieutenants, $1,500 ; third lieutenants, $1,200 ; and cadets. $900. The sup- erintendent of the c^ast survey receives $6,000 a year. Keepers of light- houses receive from $200 to $1,000 a year. The general superintendent of the life-saving service receives $1,000 a year, and superintendents from $1,200 to $1,800. " The supervising surgeon general of the marine hospital service gets$t,000ayear, and the supervising inspector general ofsteam- boat inspection service, $3,500. EXEOUTIVB DEPARTMKNT. 89 CHAPTER VII, THE DEPARTMENT O^ JUSTICE. 1. The Attorney General is the head of the Department of Justice, and the chief Jaw'otficer of the Government. He represents the United States in all matters involving legal questions, and gives advice on all questions of lau- when required by the President, or the heads of the several Executive Departments, on questions of law arising in the ad- ministratioii of tlieir respective departments. He exercises a general superintendence and direction over United States Attorneys and Mar- shals in all judicial districts in the States and Territories, and provides special cou?\sel for the United States whenever required by any de- partment of Government. He is assisted in the management of the routine work of his department by a Chief Clerk, IjaAV Clerk, and other clerks and employes. The Law Clerk is an examiner of titles, and assists the Attorney General in the investigation of legal questions, and in the preparation of opinions. Solicitor General. 2. The' Solicitor General assists the Attorney General in the discharge of his general duties, and, in case of a vacancy in the office of xVttorney General, or of his absence, by sjjecial provision of law, discharges all his duties. Except in cnses v.here the Attorney General otherwise di- rects, tlie Attorney General and the Solicitor General conduct and argue all causes in the Supreme Court and in the Court of Claims, in which the United States Government is interested; and, when the Attorney General so directs, any such cause shall be conducted and argued by the Solicitor General in any court of the United States. And, in the same way, the Solicitor General may be sent by the Attorney General to attend to the interests of the United States in any State court, or else- where. Assistant Attorneys General. 3. There are two Assistant Attorneys General, whose duty it is to as- sist the Attornej- General and Solicitor General in the performance of their duties. One of them assists in the preparation of legal opinions and in the argument of cases in the Supreme Court, and the other one attends to the interests of the Government in the Court of Claims. Other Law Officers. 4. In addition to the offices specified above, there are several other lav/ officers of the Executive Departments, who exercise their functions imder the general supervision and control of the Attorney General. While discharging duties connected with the other departments, tliey realh/ belong to the Department of .Justice. They are : Assistant At- torne}^ General for the Department of the Interior ; Assistant Attorney General for the Post-office Department ; Solicitor of the Treasury ; Solicitor of Internal Revenue ; Naval Solicitor ; and Examiner of Claims in the State Department. 5. The salaries of these several officers in the Department of Justice are as follows: Solicitor General, $7,000 ; Assistant Attorneys General, $5,000; Chief Clerk, $2,450 ; Assistant Attorney General for Department of the Interior, §5,000 ; Assistant Attorney General for Post-offloe De- partment, §4.000; Solicitor of the Treasury, $4,500; Solicitor of Internal Revenue, §4,500 ; Naval Solicitor, $3,000 ; "Examiner of Claims, $3,500. 40 iPEOPLE's MANUAL. CHAPTER VIII. THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 1. The Post-oflace Department comes nearer to every citizen and inr habitant of the country than any of the other Executive Departments. Its usefulness and influence are felt iu every corner of the land, and there is not a settlement or locality to which it does not reach out its hands filled with tidings for the people. It is presided over by the Postmaster General, and has the control and direction of all the mail and postal facilities throughout the Union, as well as those connected with foreign countries. The Postmaster General appoints all officers and employes of the department, except the Assistant Postmaster Gen- eral ; appoints all postmasters Avhose compensation does not exceed 11,000 ; (those receiving a salary exceeding |l,000 are appointed by the President;) makes postal treaties with foreign governments, with the advice and consent of the President ; awards and executes contracts, and directs the management and conduct of tlie domestic and foreign mail service. 2. There are in this department three Assistant Postmasters General, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Their gen- eral duties are as follows : First Assistant Postmaster General. 3. The First Assistant Postmaster General has charge of the appoint- ment office, including four divisions, Avith duties as follows : 4. Appointment Division. — Prepares all cases for the establishment, discontinuance, and change of name or site of post-otfices, and for the appointment of ail postmasters, agents, postal clerlis, mail messengers, and department employes, and has charge of all correspondence rela- tive thereto. 5. Bond Division. — Receives and records appointments; sends out papers for postmasters and their assistants to qualify ; receives, enters, and files their bonds and oaths, and issues the commissions to postmas- ters. 6. Salary and Allowance Division. — Has charge of adjusting and re- adjusting the salaries of postmasters, and the allowances for rent, fuel, lights, clerk hire, and other exjienditures. 7. Free Delivery Division. — Prepares all cases for the inauguration of the system in cities, has charge of the appointment of letter-carriers, and has the general supervision of the whole system. 8. Blank Agency Division. ~^eu(k^ out the blanks, wrapping paper, twine, letter balances, and cancelling stamps to offices entitled to re- ceive them. Second Assistant Postmaster General, 9. The Second Assistant Postmaster General has charge of the con- tract office and mail equipments. His office has three divisions, with duties as follows : 10. Contract Division. — Has charge of all matters connected with placing the mails under contract, embracing all correspondence and proceedings regarding the frequency of trips, mode of conveyance, time ESECTTTmE DEPARTMENT. 41 of departure and arrival on all waters, course of the mails between dif- ferent sections of the country, points of mail distribution, and regula- tions for the government of the domestic mail service. It prepares the advertisements for mail proposals, receives the bids, and has charge of the annual and occasional mail lettings, and the adjustment and exe- cution of the contracts. All applications for the establishment or altera- tion of mail arrangements and for mail messengers should be sent to this division. All claims should be submitted to it for transportation service not under contract. From it all postmasters at the end of routes receive the statement of mail arrangements prescribed for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the sixth auditor of the treasury all con- tracts executed, and all orders affecting the accounts for mail transporta- tion; prepares the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the re- ports to Congress of the mail lettings, giving a statement of each bid; also of the contrar^ts made, the new service started, the curtailments ordered, and the additional allowances granted within the year. 11. lyispection Division. — Receives and examines the registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures; notes the delinquencies of con- tractors, and prepares cases thereon for the action of the postmaster gen- eral ; furnishes blanks for mail registers, reports of mail failures, and other duties necessary to secure a faithful and exact performance of all mail service. 12. 3Iail Equiiiment Division.— Issxies all mail locks and keys, mail pouches and sacks, and has charge of the construction of mail-bag catchers. Third Assistant Postmaster General. 13. The Third Assistant Postmaster General has charge of the finances of the departments. His office has four divisions. 14. Division of Finance. — Issues drafts and warrants in payment of balances reported by the sixth auditor to be due to mail contractors or other persons; superintends the collection of revenue at depository, draft, and depositing offices, and the accounts between the department and the treasurer and assistant treasurers, and special designated de- positories of the United States. It receives all accounts, monthly or quarterly, of the depository and draft offices, and certificates of dfcposit from depositing offices. 15. Division of Postage Stamps and Stamped Envelopes Has the issuing of postage stamps, stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers, and postal cards ; also the supplying of postmasters with envelopes for their ofilcial use, and registered-package envelopes and seals. 16. Division of Begistered Letters. — Has the duty of preparing in- structions for the guidance of postmasters relative to registered letters, and all correspondence connected therewith; also the compilation of the statistics relative thereto. 17. Division of Dead Letters. — Examines and returns to the writers dead letters, and conducts the correspondents relating thereto. The Superintendent of Foreign Mails. 18. Has charge of all foreign postal arrangements and the supervision of the ocean luail steamship service. The Money-Order System. 19. Is under the general supervision of a superintendent, who directs the postal money-order system throughout the United States, and has charge of the international monej^-order correspondence with foreign countries. The principal otficeis employed in the Post-office Department receive the following annual salaries : Assistant Postmasters-General, $4,000 ; 42 people's manual. supeiinteudent of foreign mails, $3,000 ; superintendent of money order sj'stem, 13,500 ; chief clerli, |2,200 ; topograplier, ?2,500 ; general super- intendent railway mail service, $3,500. Classes ot Post-offices, Salaries ot Postmasters, and how the Salaries are Fixed. 20. Post-offices are arranged in four classes, designated as first class, second class, third class, fourth class. The first class includes all offices in which the gross annual receipts are forty thousand dollars and upwards. The second class includes all offices in whiclithe gross receipts exceed eight thousand dollars, and do nt^t exceed forty thousand dollars. The third class includes all offices in which the gross receipts exceed one thousand nine Jiundred dollars, and do not exceed eight thousand dollars. The fourth class includes all offices in which the gross receipts do not exceed one thousand nine hundred dollars. Postmasters of first, second, and third class officeg receive annual salaries, payable quarterlj^, fixed by the Postmaster General from their quarterly returns sent into the Post-office Department, each adjustment o'f salarj^ to be based on the four quarterly returns sent in inunediately preeediug the date of the adjustment. The adjustment of salary is made yearly, and takes effect on the first day of the quarter next suc- ceeding the date of adjustment. The salaries of postmasters of first class offices are as follows t Gross receipts, $40,000 and not exceedino- $45,000, ..... $3,000 do. 45,000 do. do. ^ 60,000, . . .... 3,100 do. 60,000 do. do. 80,000, 3,200 do. 80,000 do. do. 110,000, 8,300 do. 110,000 do. do. 150,000 3,400 do. 150,000 do. do. 200,000, ....... 3,500 do. 200,000 do. do. 260,000, 8,600 do. 260,000 do. do. 339,000 8,700 do. 330,000 do. do. 400,000, ...... 3,800 do. 400,000 do. do. 4-50,000, 3,900 do. 450,000 do. do. 500,000, 4,000 do. 500,000 do. do. 600,000, 5,000 . do. 600,000 and upwards, , 6,000 The salaries of postmasters of the second class are as follows : Gross receipts, $8,000 and not exceeding $9,000, $2,000 do. 9,000 do. do. 10,000, 2,100 do. 10,000 do. do. 11,000, 2,200 do. 11,000 do. do. 13,000, 2,300 do. 13,000 do. do. 16,000, . 2,400 do. 16,000 do. do. 20,000, 2,500 do. 20,000 do. do. 24,000, 2,600 do. 24,000 do. do. 30,000, 2,700 do. 30,000 do. do. 35,000, . 2,800 do. 85,000 do. do. 40,000, 2,900 The salaries of postmasters of tlio third class are as follows : Gross receipts, $1,900 and not exceeding $2,100, |1,000 do. 2,100 do. do. 2,400, 1,100 do. 2,400 do. do. 2,700, ........ 1,200 do. 2,700 do. do. 3,000, 1,800 do. 3,000 do. do. 3,500, 1,400 do. 3,500 do. do. 4,200, 1,500 do. 4,200 do. do. 5,000, 1,600 do. 5,000 do. do. 6,000, 1,700 do. 6,000 do. do. 7,000, 1,800 do. 7,000 do. do. 8,000, 1,900 EXECUTIVE r>EPARTiMANT. 43 The salaries of po--tmasters of the fourth class are based on the amount of box rent collected by them, and the amount of postage stamps, oflicial stamps, stanipetl envelopes, postal cards, and newspaper and periodical stamps cancelled on matter actually mailed at their offices, anil on waste paper, dead newspapers, priuted'matter, and twine sold by them, at the following rates: On the first §50, or less, per quarter, one hundred per cent.; on the next ?100, or less, per quarter, sixt.v per cent.; on the next ?200, or less, per quarter, fifty per cent.; and on all the balance, forty per cent. Wiien the gross receipts of one of these officer, reaches ?1,90(), it is placed in the second class, and the postmaster receives a fixed salary. The salary of the postmaster at Washington, D. ('., is fixed at $5,000. In no case can the salary of any postmaster exceed $6,000, except in the city of New York, where his salary is fixed at ??S,000. Clerks in post-offices requiring them are paid hy the Post-office De- partment such salaries as are allowed bylaw; as are also letter-carriers in cities where the free-deliverv^ system is established. 44 people's MANUAl.. CHAPTER IX. THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. 1. The Secretary of the Navy is tho head of this department. He per- forms such duties relating thereto as the President of the United States, who is commander-in-chief, may direct, or as may be imposed upon him by Congress. He has the ge'neral superintendence of construction, manning, armament, equipment, and employment of all vessels of war, and consequently the control, through subordinate officers, of all navy- yards. He mvist, from time to time, cause to be collected and transmitted to him at the seat of government all flags, standards, and colors talien from the enemies of the United States by the nav3^ He makes four annual reports to Congress: First, relative to the ap- propriations for the department, and how expended; second, relative to contracts for supplies ; third, relative to expenditures for wages, stores and materials ; and fourth, relative to vessels and materials sold. 2. He is assisted in tlie routine work of his department by a chief clerk and sucli other clerks and employes as are necessary, and by nine chiefs of bureaus. These chiefs of bureaus are officers of the United States navy, and form part of the regular naval establishment. The work assigned to them respectively is as follows : 3. Bureau of Ya^-ds mid Docks.— Has charge of the navj^-yards and naval stations, their construction and repair, and the purchase of tim- ber and other material therefor. 4. Bureau of iVftw^a^io-n.— Supplies vessels of war with maps, charts, chronometers, barometers, flags, signal lights, glasses, and stationery; has charge of the publication of charts, the nautical almanac, and sur- veys; also, the naval observatory and hydrographic office at Wash- ington are under its direction. 5. Bureau of Ordnance,— Has charge of the manufacture of naval ordnance and anmiuintion ; the armament of vessels of war ; the arsen- als atid magazines; the trials and tests of ordnance, small arms, and amnmnition ; also, of the torpedo service, torpedo station at Newport, and experimental battery at Annapolis. 6. Bureau of Provisions and Clothinr/.~Jlas charge of all contracts for the supply of provisions, water for cooking and drinking purposes, clothing, and small stores for the use of the navy. 7. Bureau of Medicine and ^■urf/er?,'.— Superintends everything re- lating to medicine, medical stores, surgical instruments, and hospital supplies for the treatment of the sick and wounded of the navy and marine corps. 8. Bureau of Construction and Bepair.—Ba.s charge of drj^-docks, and of all vessels undergoing repairs; the designing, building, and fitting-out of vessels, and the armor of iron-clads. 9. Bureau of Equipment and Recruitinp .—Is in charge of the equip- ment of all vessels of war, and the sunplv of their sails, rigging, an- chors, and fuel: and of the recruiting of sailors of the various grades. 10. The ^ngineer-tn-C/ueA— Directs the assigning,fitting-out. running, andrepairingof the steam-marine engines, boilers, and appurtenances used on vessels of war, and the workshops in the navy-yards where they are made and repaired. 11. The Judge Advocate (Jenera/.— Receives, revises, and records the proceedings of courta-martial, courts of inquiry, boards for the exami- EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 45 nation of officers for retirement and promotion in tiie naval service ; and furnisljes reports and opinions on such questions of law and other matters as may be relerred to him by the Secretarj^ of the Navy. 12. The salarj' of the chief clerk of the Navy Department is §2,500, and of the chief clerks of the several bureaus, $1,800. The salary of the chiefs of the several bureaus is determined by their rank and stand- ing in the navj'. The civil engineer in the bureau of yards and docks receives §3,000 a ^-ear. Organization of the Davy. 13. Tlio reg-ular active list of line officers of the navy consists of one admiral, one vice admiral, ten rear admirals, twenty-five commodores, fifty captan IS, ninety commanders, eightj^ lieutenant commanders, two hundred and eighty lieutenants, one hundred masters, and one hun- dred ensigns. Tlie vice admiral ranks with the lieutenant general of the army, rear admirals with major generals, commodores with briga- dier generals, captains with colonels, commanders with lieutenant col- onels, lieutenant commanders with majors, lieutenants with captains, masters with first lieutenants, and ensign n with second lieutenants. The medical corps of the navy consists of fifteen medical directors, fifteen medical inspectors, fifty surgeons, and one hundred assistant surgeons. 14. The pay corps consists of thirteen pay directors, thirteen pay in- spectors, fifty paymasters, thirty passed assistant paymasters, and twenty assistant pajanasters. 15. Tlie engineer corps consists of seventy chief engineers, one hundred first assistant engineers, and one hundred second assistant engineers. 16. There are in the navy twent\--four cliaplains, for service on the several public armed vessels. There may be tv/elve professors of mathe- matics appointed, for duty at the naval academy, naval observatory, and on board ships of war^ in instructing midshipmen. 17. All appointments, except those of midshipmen from the naval academj-, and regular promotions according to law, are made by the Presideitit, and confirmed by the Senate. 18. Officers of the navy may be placed on the retired list by the Presi- dent, or on their own application, on attaining a certain age, or for dis- ability, under the regulations laid down in the law, in much the same manner as officers of tlie army. Pay of Officers and Enlisted Men. 19. Admiral, 913,000; vice admiral, at sea, $9,000, on shore, $8,000; rear admirals, at sea, $6,000, on shore, 4,000 ; on leave or waiting orders, $3,000; captains, $4,500, ^,500, $2,800 as they may be at sea, on shore, or awaiting orders; commanders, $3,500, $3,000, $2 800; lieutenant com- manders, during first four years after date of commission, $2,800, $2 400, $2,000, and after four years from such date, $3,000, $2,000, $2,200; lieu- tenants, first five years after date of commission, $2,400, $2,000, $1,600, and after five years from such date, $2,600. $2,200, $1,800; masters, dur- ing first five years after date of commission, $1,800. $1,500, $1,200, and after five j^ears ^rom such date, $2,000, $1,700, $1.400 ; ensigns, during finst five years after date of commiasion, $1,200, $1,000, $800, and after five years from such date, $1,400, $1,200, $1,000; midshipmen, $1,000, $800, $600. The pay of surgeons, paymasters, and chief engineers ranges from $2,000 up to $1,200, according to length of service and place of employ- ment ; passed assistant surgeons, passed assistant paymasters, and first assistant engineers, from $1,500 to $2,200; assistant surgeons, assistant paymasters and second assistant engineers, from $1,000 to $1,900; chap- lains get from $1,600 to $2,800; boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and sail-makers, who rank as non-commissioned officers, get from $700 to $1,800, according to length of service and place of employment. 46 people's manual. The pay of petty officers, and the pay and bounty of enlisted and or- dinary seamen, firemen, &g., is fixed by the President, in accordance with the appropriations made by Congress from year to year. Not more than seven thousand five hundred men, of all grades, can be enlisted in the navy at one time. The term of enlistment is five years. Marine Corps. 20. There is attached to the navy a marine corps, consisting of one com- mandant, with tlie rank of brigadier general, one colonel, two lieutenant colonels, four majors, one adjutant and insi^ector, one paymaster, one quartermaster, two assistant quartermasters, twenty captains, thirty first lieutenants, thirty second lieutenants, one sergeant major, one quartermaster sergeant, one drum major, one principal musician, two hundred sergeants, two hundred and twenty corporals, thirty musicians for a band, (this is the fine marine band at Washington,) sixty drum- nrers, sixty fifers, and twent5--tive hundred privates. This oorps is for service on the armed vessels of the navy. 21. The adjutant, paymaster, and quartermaster of the marine corps have the raiik of major, and the assistant quartermasters the rank of captain. The officers and enlisted men receive the same pay and al- lowances as those of the infantry line of the army. 22. The officers and enlisted men of the navy are governed by articles adopted by Congress, as are also the cadets at the naval academy. The Naval Academy, 23. The naval academj' is located at Annapolis, Maryland. There is allowed at this academy one cadet-midshipman for each Congressional district in the United States, one for each Territory and the District of Columbia, and ten annually at large, to serve as such for six years. They are appointed in the same manner as cadets to the military academy, after an examination as to their physical and educational qualifications. They must be between fourteen and eighteen j'earsof age at the time of appointment, and must be actual residents of the district for which they are appointed. 24. Cadets passing successfully the graduating examination shall re- ceive appointments as midshipmen in the navy, and take rank accord- ing to their class standing at date of graduation. 25. The Secretary of the Navy may appoint fifty cadets of engineers to the naval academy, in addition to the prescribed number of cadet- midshipmen, for service in the engineer corps. Their course shall be four years, including two years on naval steamers. EXECUTIVE DEPART3IENT. 47 CHAPTER X. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 1. The head of this department is the Secretary of the Interior, who is charged with the public business relating to patents for inventions, pension and bounty lands, the public lands, including mines, the In- dians, education, labor, railroads, the public surveys, the census, when directed by law, the custodj^ and distribution of public documents, and certain eleemosynary institutions in the District of Columbia. He also exercises certain powers and duties relative to the Territories, performed by the Secretary of State prior to March, 1873. 2. The Assistant Secretary discharges such duties as are directed by law, or prescribed by the Secretary, and, in the absence of the Secretary, discharges his duties, and acts as the head of the department. Besides these, the chief officers of the department are: The Commis- sioner of Patents, Commissioner of Pensions, Commissioner of Public Lands, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Commissioner of Education, Commissioner of Labor, Commissioner of Railroads, Director of the Geological Survey, and Superintendent of the Census. Commissioner ot Patents. 3. The Commissioner of Patents is the Iiead of the Patent Office, and is charged with the administration of the patent laws, and has the su- pervision of all matters relating to the issuing of letters-patent for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements. He is assisted in the discharge of his duties by an assistant commissioner, three ex- aminers-in-chief, an examiner of interferences, an examiner of trade marks, twenty-rtve princiiml examiners, and a large number of assistant examiners and copj'ists. Commissioner ot Pensions. 4. The Commissioner of Pensions supervises the examination and ad- judication of all claims arising under the laws passed by Congress grant- ing bounty land or pensions on account of service in the army or navy of the United States during the Revolutionary war, and all subsequent wars in which the United States has been engaged. He is aided by two deputy commissioners, a medical referee, and a large number of clerks. The General tand Office. 5. The Commissioner of Public Lands has charge of the survey, man- agement, and sale of the public domain, and the titles therefor, whether derived from confirmation of grants made by former governments, by sales, donations, or grants for schools, railroads, military bounties, or public improvements. Commissioner ot Indian Atlairs. 6. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has charge of all matters per- taining to the several tribes of Indians in the States and Territories, un- der the laws passed by Congress, and the treaties and compacts made 48 people's manual. ■with the Indians themselves. He issues instructions to, and receives re- ports from, agents, special agents, and traders; superintends the pur- chase, transportation, and distribution of presents and annuities, and reports annually the relations of the Governinent with each tribe. Commissiouer of Education. 7. His duties are to collect such statistics and facts as will show the condition and progress of education in the several States and Territories, and to diffuse sucii information concerning the organization and man- agement jof schools and school systems and methods of teaching as will aid the people of the United States in the establishment and mainte- nance of efficient school systems, and otherwise promote the cause of education throughout the country. Bureau ot ljal)or Statistics. 8. Has charge of the collection and publication of statistics and infor- mation concerning labor and labor interests, with a view to ascertaining the true relations between labor and capital, in their influence upon the social, educational, and industrial welfare of all classes of laboring peo- ple, to afford correct data on which to base measure and suggestions for their advantage and improvement. Commissioner on Railroads. 9. He is charged with precribing a system of reports to be rendered to him by the railroad companies whose roads are, in whole or a part, west, north, or south of the Missouri river, and to wliich the United States has granted any loan of credit or subsidy in lands or bonds; to examine the boolis, accounts, and property of said companies; to see that the laws relating to them are enforced, and to assist the Government direc- tors of any of said railroad companies in all matters coming under their cognizance whenever they may request such assistance. Geological Survey. 10. The Director of the Geological Survey has charge of the classifica- tion of the public lands and the examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. Superintendent ot the Census. 11. This officer has the supervision and direction of the taking of the census of the United States every tenth year, and the subsequent ar- rangement, compilation, and publication of the statistics thereby col- lected. Puhlic Documents. 12. The Superintendent of Public Documents is charged with the duty of collecting, arranging, preserving, and distributing all public docu- ments and publications directed by law to be printed or purchased for the use of the Government, except sucli as are exclusively for the use of Congress or the Executive Departments, and the compiling and super- vising of the Biennial Register. Tliis register is called the '• Blue Booli/' and contains, besides other information, a complete lists of "all the of- ficers, clerks, employes, and agents, civil, military, and naval in the United States, including cadets and midshipmen, which lists shall ex- hibit the amount of compensation, pay, and emoluments allowed to each, the State or country in which he was born, the State or Territory from which he was appointed to office, and where emploj^ed." EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 49 This register is published as soon as practicable after the last day of September in each year iu Avhich a new Congress assembles, (every odd- numbered year,) aud is complete up to that date. 18. The salaries received by the several principal officers in the De- partment of the Interior are as follows : Assistant Secretary of the In- terior, $4,000; chief clerk, ?ii,oOU ; comuiissioner of patents, $4,500; assistant commissioner of patents, $8,000; exaniiners-in-chief, 18,000; examiners of trade-marks and principal examiners, |2,400 ; commis- sioner of pensions, $5,000; deputy conunissioner of pensions, $8,600; pension agents, $4,000; commissioner of public lands, $4,000 ; recorder of the land office, $'2,200; conunissioner of Indian atiairs, $4,000; com- missioner of education, $3,000; commissioner of labor, $3,600; com- missioner of railroads, $4,000; director of the geological survey, $6,000 ; superintendent of the census, $5,000 ; architect of the United States capitol building and grounds, $4,500; Governors of the Territories, $2,600; secretary of the Territories, $1,800; registers of United States ianti offices, and receivers of public moneys at land offices, not exceed- ing $8,000 a year. The Territories. 14. Besides the several States of the Union, there are nine Territories. These are organized under various acts of Congress with governments similar to those of the States, but the executive officers are appointed by the President of the United States. Each Territory has a Governor, Secretary of the Territory, and three Supreme Judges appointed by the President. The Legislature of each Territory is composed of a Sen- ate and House of Pv,epresentatives, elected by the people in the several counties. County and townshiis officers are elected or appointed, as the laws of the respective Territories, passed by the Legislature and ap- proved by the Governor, provide. From those Territories, new States are admitted into the Union when they have population enough to en- title them to one Representative in Congress. * Before any Territory can be admitted as a State, it must make application therefor to Con- gress, and have adopted a constitution and system of government re- publican in form. States are admitted by act of Congress, approved by the President. 50 people's manual. CHAPTER XL DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUBB. 1. The head of this department is the Commissioner of Agriculture. His duty is to collect and diffuse useful information on subjects con- nected with agriculture. He is required to collect and preserve in his ofitice all information obtainable concerning agriculture by means of books, and corresiDondence, and by practical and scientific experiments, the collection of statistics, and other appropriate means; to collect new and valuable seeds and plants; to learn, by actual cultivation, such of them as may be useful and adapted to the country ; and to propagate such as may be worthy of propagation, and to distribute them among agriculturists in the different sections of the Union. This work is done through different officers and bureaus, or divisions, in his department, as follows : 2. The statistician collects reliable information as to the condition and prospects of the cereal, cotton, and other crops, by means of lour correspondents in each county of every 8tate. This information is gatlaered at stated periods of each month, is carefully considered, esti- mated, tabulated, and published. 3. The entoriioiogist obtains information regarding insects injurious to vegetation ; investigates the character of insects sent him, to point out their modes of infliction and the means by which their depredations may be avoided ; he also arranges specimens of their injuries and nest architecture. 4. The botanist receives botanical contributions, and, after making desirable selections for the national herbarium, distributes the dupli- cate plants among foreign and domestic societies, institutions of learn- ing, and botanists; he answers all inquiries of botanico-agricultural character. 5. The chemist makes analyses of natural fertilizers, vegetable pro- ducts, and other materials which pertain to the interests of agriculture. Applications are constantly being received from all portions of the country for analyses of soils, minerals, liquids, and manures. 6. The microscopist makes original investigations, mostly relating to the habits of parasitic fungoid plants, which are frequently found on living plants and animals, producing sickly growth, and, in many cases, premature death. 7. The Propagating Garden.— Here large numbers of exotic, utiliza- ble, and economic plants are propagated and distributed. The orange family is particularly valuable, and the best commercial varieties are propagated and distributed to the widest possible extent. 8. The Seed Division.— T\\vo\\^h this seeds are purchased in this and foreign countries of reliable firms, whose guaranty of good qualitv and genuineness cannot be questioned. After being received, they are packed and distributed to applicants in all parts of the country. 9. The Zr6?'ar2/-— Through this exchanges of publications are made, by which the department receives reports of the leading agricidtural, pomological, and meteorological societies of the world. 10. (Salaries.— Commissioner of Agriculture, $4,500; chief clerk, $2,200; statistician, entomologist, chemist, veterinarian, $2,500; bo- tanist and microscopist, $1,800. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 51 11. The Department of Agriculture is reallj^ a bureau in the Depart- ment of the Interior, the same as tlie pension office, general land office, «feo , but owing to its importance and the general interest attaching to it we make it a separate chapter. As we write this we learn that the lower House of Congress has passed a bill making it an executive department, and the commissioner a cabinet officer. 12. The following is the approximate number of persons emploj^ed in the several executive departments at Washington, embracing deputies, auditors, assistants, chief clerks, chiefs of divisions, clerks, (first, sec- ond, third, and fourth class,") copyists, examiners, stenographers, book- keepers, accountants, copyists, messengers, watchmen, firemen, laborers, &G., etc., the salaries running from $3,800 down to $240 a year : State Department, 66 Treasury " 3,500 War " 1,600 Navy •' 350 Post-office " 1,200 And about 5,000 persons throughout the country as postal clerks, route agents, messengers, Ac. Interior Department, 3,700 Department of Justice, 60 The number of employes in the Grovernmeut Printing Office is about 2,500, paid by the day or by the piece. 52 people's manual. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT, CHAPTER XIL CONSTITUTIOI^AL PHOVISIONS. 1. The judicial power of the tJnited. States is vested in a supreme court and sucti inferior courts as Congress may, from time to lime, or- dain and establish. The judges, both of tlie Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall at stated times receive for ihoir services a compensation which shall not be di- minished during their continuance in office. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under the Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority : to all cases affecting em- bassadors, or other public ministers or consuls; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of anotiaer State ; between citizens of different States ; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States ; and between a State or the citi- zens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting embassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State is a party, the Supreme Court shall have ori^jiual jurisdiction. In all other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, v/ith such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in ca^es of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be in the State where the said crime shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or adhering to their enemies, giving thein aid and com- fort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cj.ses arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger, nor shall any person be sub- ject, for the same offense, to be put twice in jeopardj'- of lite or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor to be deprived of life, libert3% or property, without due processof law ; nor shall private property betaken for public use without just compen- sation. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been pre- viously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the' accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. In suits at common law, when the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of ttie common iaw^ JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 63 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments be inflicted. Tlie judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to ex- tend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens' of another State, or by citizens or sub- jects of anj- foreign State. The j udges in every State shall be bound by the provisions of the Constitution of the United States, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. Under tliese provisions of the Constitution, the present judicial sj'stem of the United States has been built up under successive acts of Con- gress. The system embraces a 2. /Supreme Court, which sits at the seat of Grovernment, exercising ap- pellate and supervisorv jurisdiction over the other tribunals, and in cer- tain eases over the courts of last resort of the several States, but having original jurisdiction in certain controversies to which States, public ministers, and the like are parties. 3. Circuit Courts, where the States are grouped together in circuits, in each of which is held circuit courts, exercising an original jurisdic- tion at law and in equity, and an appellate jurisdiction over the district courts. 4. District Courts, where each State forms one or more judicial dis- tricts, in each of which is a district court with jurisdiction in admiralty and maritime cases ; seizures under laws ot impost, navigation, and trade; suits for penalties and forfeitures under laws of Congress; crimes and offenses not capital; suits at common law where the United States sue, and suits against consuls and vice consuls for crimes not capital. 5. Courts of the District of Columbia, and the Territories, and the court of claims. 54 people's manual. CHAPTER XIII. THE SUPREME COURT. Organization and Terms. 1. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of a chief justice and eight associates justices appointed by the President and confirmed by tlie Senate. The salary of the cliief justice is 110,500, and of the as- sociate justices $10,000 a year, to be paid monthly. The associate jus- tices have precedence according to the dates of their commissions, but when the commissions of two or more of them bear the same date, then according to their ages. In case of a vacancy in the office of chief jus- tice, or of his inability to perform the duties, they shall devolve on the associate j ustice first in precedence until the disaoility is removed, or a chief justice is appointed. The court appoints a clerk, a marshal, and a reporter of its decisions, The clerk has the custody of the seal, and records, and papers of the court, and is assisted in the discharge of his duties by one or more depu- ties appointed by the court at his request. The clerk is paid by fees, and his emoluments are said to be $25,000 a year. Tlie marshal serves and executes all process and orders of the court, or any justice, made in pursuance of law, and has charge of all property of the United States used by the court or its members, and, with the ap- proval of the chief justice, may appoint messengers to attend the court. He receives an annual salary of $3,500. The reporter must cause the decisions of the court to be published within eight months after they are rendered. He receives an annual salary of $2,500, and an additional sum of $1,500 for each year in which, by direction of the court, he causes a second volume of its decisions to be published. These decisions are sold at a price not exceeding five dollars per volume. The court holds one term annually, commencing on the first Monday in October, and such adjourned or special terms as it deems proper. Jurisdiction. 2. The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction of all civil cases where a State is a party, except between a State and its citizens, or be- tween a State and citizens of anotlier State, or aliens, in which case it has original but not exclusive jurisdiction. It has exclusive jurisdic- tion in suits against ambassadors, or other public ministers or their do- mestics, consistent with the law of nations ; and original but not exclu- sive jurisdiction in suits by ambassadors or other public ministers, or in which a consul or vice consul is a party. It has power to issue writs of prohibition in the district courts when they are proceeding as courts of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction; and writs of mandamus to any federal court, or any officer of the United States, when any State, ambassador, or other public minister, or consul or vice consul is a party. The trial of issues of fact in the Supreme Court in suits against citi- zens of the United States must be by jury. . The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction, as follows : By writ of error from final judgments of circuit courts, or district courts acting as circuit courts, when the matter in dispute exceeds two thousand dollars ; .TX'DICIAL, DEPARTMENT. 55 By writ of error or appeal, as tlie case may be, in cases heard in any circuit court held by a justice of the Supreme Court and a circuit judge or district judge, or by a circuit judge and district judge, where the judges are divided in their opinion on an j-- question occurring on the trial, (this is the only method of bringing up a criminal case for re- view) 1 B3' an appeal from a district court in a prize case, Aviiere the matter in dispute exceeds ?2,000, or where the judge certifies that it involves a question of general importance; Bj^ writ of error from the highest court of a State, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty, or statute of, or an authority exercised under, the United fcstates, and the decision is against their validity ; or where is drawn in question the validitj^ of a statute of, or an authority exercised under, any State, on the ground of their being repugnant to the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, and the decision is in favor of their validity ; or when any title, right, privilege, or im- munity is claimed under the Constitution, treaty, or statute of, or com- mission held, or authority exercised under, the United States, and the decision is against the title, right, privilege, or immunity, specially set up or claimed b}^ either party under such Constitution, treaty, statute, commission, or authority; And bj' writ of error, or a^jpeal, in such other cases as are specially provided by law. A writ of error or appeal, as the case may be, also lies to the Supreme Court from the Supreme Courts of the Territories, the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, and the Court of Claims. Cases on writ of error to revise the judgment of a State court have precedence in the Supreme Court of all cases to which the Government is not a party, excepting only such cases as the court in its discretion may decide to be of public importance. 56 people's MANtTALi CHAPTER XIV. CIRCUIT COTJIITS. Organization. 1. The judicial districts of tlie United States are divided into nine circuits by Congress, as nearly equal in judicial labor as practicable. The chief justice and associate justices of the Supreme Court are allotted among these circuits, by an order of the court, one justice to each circuit. The justice allotted to a circuit is designated ilie " circuit justice" thereof. For each circuit there is appointed by the President, and confirmed by the Senate, a circuit judge, with the same power and jurisdiction as the circuit justice, but who must reside within the circuit. He receives a salary of |6,000, payable quarterly. Circuit courts are held in each district of the several circuits, and are called the circuit courts for the districts for which they are held. Eacli circuit justice must attend at least one term of the cn-cuit court in each district of the circuit to which he is allotted, during every period of two years. Circuit courts may be held by the circuit justice, by the circuit judge, or by the district judge of the district, sitting alone, or by any two of them, or by all three together. Cases may be heard and tried by each of the judges holding a circuit court, sitting apart, by direction of the presiding justice or judge, who shall designate the business to be done by each. Circuit courts may be held at the same time in the different districts of the same circuit. A district judge sitting in a circuit court cannot have a voice in giving a decision in any case of appeal or error from his own decision, but may assign his reasons for the decision. When all the judges of any circuit court are interested in any cause, or have been counsel therein, the cause may be removed to the next adjoining circuit for trial. And for proper reasons, the judge of one circuit may hold court in another. If by death, resignation, or otherwise, no justice is allotted to a cir- cuit, the Cliief Justice of the Supreme Court luay request any circuit justice to hold court in said circuit. A clerk shall be appointed for each circuit court, by the circuit judge thereof, except in cases where the law provides that the same person shall act as clerk of the circuit court and district court, when they shall be appointed by the circuit judge and district judges, as the law specially directs. Jurisdiction. 2. The circuit court has original jurisdiction in the following cases: Suits in which an alien is a party, or' between citizens of different States ; suits in equity by the United States, involving more than $500; suits at common law"^by"'the United States, its officers, &g.; suits under duty laws, (except admiralty causes, and seizures, and suits for penalties and forfeitures,) internal revenue or postal laws; suits for penalties under laws regulating carriage of passengers in merchant ships; proceedings against property seized becavise employed in insurrection; suits under . slave-trade laws ; certain suits upon assignment of debentures for draw- JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 57 back ; suits under the patent or copyright laws ; suits by or against banking assooiatioiis; suits by banking associations to enjoin comp- troller of tlie currency or receiver; suits lor injuries done under rev- enue or election laws; certain suits to recover possession of an office ; certain proceedings for removal of officers; suits foj; pecuniary forfeit- ures under laws to enforce the elective franchise ; suits on account of injuries by conspirators in certain cases; or against persons knowing to such conspiracies; suits to enforce civil rights laws; certain proceed- ings for punishment of officers and owners of vessels througli whose negligence life is lost; and crimes cognizable under the laws of the United States, except when otherwise specially provided ; and concur- rent jurisdiction with the district courts of crimes aiad offenses cogniz- able therein. An appeal lies to tlie circuit court from the district court in all cases of equity or atlmiralty jurisdiction, except prize cases, Avhen the matter in dispute exceeds the sum of fifty dollars; and writs of error may be taken to tlie circuit court from tlie district court in all civil actions when the sum in dispute exceeds fifty dollars. A circuit court may affirm, modify, or reverse any judgment, decree, or order of a district court brought before it for review," or may direct such judgment, decree, or order to be rendered, or such further pro- ceedings to be had by the district court, as the justice of the case may require. All appeals or writs of error must be taken within one year. Cases in whicli it is improper for the district judge to sit, either civil or criminal, on account of interest, relationship, or other cause, may be removed into the circuit court and tried there. Certain suits in the State courts may be removed into the circuit court for trial, under limitations fixed by law, as where one of the parties is an alien, or the parties are citizens of dift'erent States, or defendant is a corporation organized under the Jaws of the United States, or defendant is denied any civil rights by tlie State, or is a revenue officer, (fee. Terms and Places for Holding Sessions. 3. The terms and places for holding the circuit courts are fixed by law for each district. In most districts, but two terms are lieJd eacii year, but in some tiiere are three, in others four, and in a few districts even more than this. In the eastern district of Pennsylvania, two terms are held yearly, at Philadelphia, commencing on the first Mondays of April and October. In the western district of Pennsylvania, six terms are held, as follows: At Erie, second Mondaj^ of January and third Mon- day of July; at Pittsburgh, on the second Monday of May and third Monday of November ; at Williamsport, on the tliird Mondays of June and September. Provision is made for holding special sessions when necessary, esjjec- ially for the trial of criminal cases. The trial of issues of fact in the circuit courts is by jury, except in cases of equity and admiralt3^ and maritime jurisdiction; but issues of fact in civil cases ma}^ be tried and determined by the court, without the intervention of a jury, whenever the parties or their attorneys shall so agree in writing. 58 - people's MANITAIi. CHAPTER XV. DISTRICT COURTS, Organization. 1. The United States is divided into judicial districts by Congress* Twenty-one of the States form one district each, and tlie otliers are di- vided into two or more districts er ch. Pennsylvania is formed into two districts, the eastern and western. In each district (except in a few cases where the same j udge is aj^pointed for two or more districts) a district judge is appointed by the President and contirmed by the Senate. They must reside within the district for which they are ap- pointed, and receive an annual salary of |3,500, payable quarterly. (One district judge receives $5,000 a year, one $4,500, and a few others $4 000. Those for Pennsylvania receive |4,000.) One or more clerks are appointed in each district by the district judge to have charge of the seal, records, and papers belonging to the court. Deputy clerks may also be appointed by the judges, as necessity re- quires. The records of the court are kept at the place where the court holds its sessions; and, in districts where the court sitsat more than one place, at the point designated by the judge. Jurisdiction. 2. The district courts have jurisdiction in the following cases: Crimes not capital, piracy, (when no circuit court is held in the district,) penal- ties and forfeitures, suitsby tlie United States or its otficers, lienson land for internal -re venue tax, forfeitures or damages arising under the laws relative to debts due by or to the United States, civil causes of admiralty and maritime j urisdiction and seizures, suits for condemnation of prop- erty used to promote insurrection, certain suits upon assignments of debentures for drawback, infringements on the civil-rights laws, in- fringement of rights secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States, certain suits to recover an office, certain proceedings hjquo ivar- ranto to remove from office, suits by or againts national banlis, suitsby aliens for torts contrary to the law of nations or to a treaty of the United States, suits against consuls or vice consuls, excejit for certain offenses, bankruptcy. The trial of issues of fact in the district courts, in all cases except cases in equity and cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, and except as otherwise provided in bankruptcy, must be by jury; but in certain admiralty and maritime cases, either party may demand and secure a jury trial. In cases of necessity, the judge of one district nia3^ be sent by his cir- cuit justice or circuit judge' to hold court in another district; either on account of the disability of such judge or the accumulation or urgency of business in the district. General Provisions. 3. The courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction in the following cases : F'irst,~0( all offenses cognizable under the authority of the United States. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 59 Second. — Of all suits for penalties aud forfeitures incurred under the laws of the United States. Third. — Of all civil causes of admiralty and: maritime jurisdiction; saving to suitors, in all cases, the right of a comnion law remedy, when the conmion law is competent to give it. Fourth. — Of all seizures under the laws of the United States, on land and on waters not within admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. Fifth.- Of all cases arising under the patent-right and copy-right laws of the United States. Sixth— Of all matters and proceedings in bankruptcy. Seventh— Oi all controversies of a civil nature, when a State is a party, excei:)t between a State and its citizens, or between a State and citizens of another State or aliens. Eifihth — Of all suits or proceedings against an:; bassadors, or other pub- lic ministers, or their domestics or douiestic servants, or against consuls or vice consuls. 4. Following "fs the oath prescribed for justices of the Supreme Court, circuit judges, and district judges : "I, , do solemnly swear (or alHrm) that I AvUl administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and the rich, and that I will i'aithfuUy and im- partially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent on me as , according to the best of my ability and understanding, agree- al)lv to the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me God." 5. If any judge of any United States court resigns after having held his commission as such for ten years, and having attained the age of seventy j'ears, he shall receive during his natural life the same salary he was re- ceiving at the date of his resignation. District Attorneys, Marshals, and Jurors. 6. A district attorney is appointed by the President in each judicial district (except whdre the law provides that one district attorney shall act for two districts) for a term of four years, whose duty it is to prose- cute in his district, both in the circuit court and district court, all delin- quents for crimes and oflfenses under the authority of the United States, and all civil actions in which the United States is concerned ; and, un- less otherwise directed by the Secretary of the Treasury, to appear in behalf of the defendants In all suits or proceedings pending in his dis- trict against collectors or other revenue officers, for any official act done by them or for the recovery of any money collected by them and paid into the treasury. Tiiey are required to mal^e certain reports, and dis- cliarge certain other duties relative to the collection of revenues. They are compensated bv certain fees and a salary of $200 a year. The President also appoints a marshal for each judicial district (ex- cejit when the same marshal acts lor two districts) ibr a term of four years, whose duty it is to serve and execute all processes and orders is- suing from the circuit aud district courts of his district, and obey all di- rections and instructions f)f such courts. They are compensated by cer- tain fees and a salary of §200 a year. Each marshal may appoint one or more deputies, removable at the pleasure of the circuit or district judges, and such deputies for tempo- rary service as vnay be necessary. The marshal disburses all monej's appropriated by law for the payment of jurors, witnesses, &c., in the district, and receives and pays over all moneys collected by legal pro- cess issuing out of the courts of his district. Their duties are varied and important. The marshal, and his deputies, execute all processes from the district and circuit courts. Juries and Jurors. 7. United States juries for circuit courts and district courts are of two kinds — grand and traverse. They are selected by two commis- 60 people's manual. sioners in each judicial district, and must have the same qnalifiGatiohg and are subject to the same exemptions, as jurors of the liigliest court of law in tlie State in wliich they reside. Grand juries consist of not less tiian sixteen nor more tlian twenty-three persons; traverse juries of twelve. No person can be summoned as a juror oftener than once in two years. They are summoned by the marshal, eitlier personally or by notice sent through the mails. They receive two dollars per day, and mileage from their homes to the place of holding the court and return, at the rate of ten cents a mile, direct. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 61 CHAPTER XVI- COUET OF CLAIMS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, AND THE TERRITORIES. Court of Claims. 1. Tlie court of claims coosists of a Chief Justice and four judges, ap- pointed by tlie President and confirmed by tlie Seuaie. Tliey liold tlieir olfice during good beliavior, and receive an annual salary of §4,600. The court holds one session annually, commencing on the first Mon- day of December, (the day on which Congress meets,) and continuing as long as may be necessary for the prompt disposition of the business that may he brought before it. It appoii^ts a chief clerk and assistant clerk, a baililf, and a messenger, for the proper discharge of its duties. The chief clerk is paid §3,000 a .year, the assistant clerk ^2,000, the bailiff $1,500, and the messenger gSOO.' The court of claims has jurisdiction to hear and determine the follow- ing matters : 2. Firs'. — All claims against the United States founded on any act of Congress, or regulation of an Executive Dejiartment, or on any contract with the Government, express or implied, and claims referred to it by either House of C;ongress. 3. Second. — All set-offs, counter claims, claims for damages liquidated or unliquidatecl, or other demand whatsoever on the part of the Gov- ernment against those making claims in said court. 4. Third. — The claim of any paymaster, quartermaster, commissary of subsistence, or other disbursing officer of the United States, or of his administrators or executors, for relief from responsibility on account of capture or otherwise, while in the line of his duty, of government funds, vouchers, records, or papers in his charge, or for which he is responsible. 5. Fourth. — Of all claims for the proceeds of abandoned property, under the acts of March 12, 1863, and July 2, 1864. The jurisdiction and method of procedure in this court are special, peculiar, and interesting. Matteis are usually brought before it by petition, or by reference from Congress, one of the executive dejDart- ments, or an auditing officer of the Government. No claimant or person from or through whom a claim or right is de- rived, nor any one interested in any such claim, right, or title, can be a witness in supporting the claim, except at the instance of the solicitor or attorney of the United States. All petitions and bills presented in Congress, asking or providing for the satisfaction of any private claim against the Government, founded on an}'' law of Congress, or regulation of any executive department, or contract expressed or imjDlied with the Government, unless otlierwise ordered by the House in which presented, are sent to the Court of Claims; and favorably acted on by the court, are afterwards returned to Congress and passed as other bills. All claims cognizable by this court are forever barred unless pre- sented within six years from the date when they accrue, with certain limitations in cases of married Avomen, minors, lunatics, idiots, and per- sons beyond the se-is. Appeals from the decisions of the court are taken to the Supreme Court of the United States, 62 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. On the first day of every regular session of Congress, the clerJs of this court transmits to Congress a compiete statement of ail the judgments, decrees, &c., rendered by the court during the previous year, giving the amount of each one, and the name of the party in whose favor ren- dered. And at the end of every term of the court, he sends a copy of its decisions to the heads of the several executive departments, solicitor, comptrollers, and auditors of the Treasury, and to other officers charged with the adjustment of claims agamst the Government, for their infor- mation and guidance in the discharge of their duties. Courts of the District of Columbia and ol the Territories. 6. The courts of the District of Columbia and of the Territories are federal courts, organized under the authority of the General Govern- ment, and subject to laws of the United States applicable thereto. An appeal or writ of error, as the case may be, lies from the supreme court of each to the Supreme Court of the United States. The general plan of the courts in the Territories is as follows: A su- preme court is organized in each, with three judges appointed by the President ; a clerk, appointed by the court, an attorney for the United States, and a marshal. The judges receive a salary of |3,500 each, and the clerk, attorney, and marshal are compensated by fees, and, in addi- tion, a small annual salary. Each Territory is divided'into three judicial districts, in each of which a district court is held by one of the judges of the Supreme Court, at the times and places prescribed by law. The supreme judge must reside in the district to which he is assigned. When courts are organized in any county, they are held by the judge of the district in which the county is located. The district courts correspond to the district courts of the United States throughout the States, and the Supreme Court to the circuit courts, very largely. Appeals and writs of error lie to the Supreme Court of the Territorv from the district courts. The supreme court of the District of Columbia, consists of a chief justice, at a salary of $4,500, and five associate judges at a salary of $4,000 each ; a clerk, district attorney, marshal, and register of wills, all paid by fees ; besides deputy clerks, deputy marshals, etc. PART SECOIS^D Government of Pennsylvania. (68) (64) LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 65 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. CHAPTER XVII. THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Where Legislative Power Vested — Number op Members — Formation of District — Senatorial and Representative Ratio. 1. The legislative power of the Commonwealth is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate is composed of fifty members, and the House of Representatives of two hundred, more or less. For the purpose of electing Senators, the State is divided into fifty districts. The Representatives are appor- tioned among the several counties according to population. 2. The Senatorial ratio is obtained by dividing the population of the State, according to the last United States census, by fifty. Each county having one or more full ratios of population, shall have a Senator for each ratio, and an additional Senator for a surplus of population ex- ceeding three fifths of a ratio. A county having four fifths of a ratio, but less than a full ratio, shall form a separate Senatorial district ; and where each adjoining county is entitled to one or more Senators, a county may be allowed a Senator on a population exceeding half a ratio. The number of Senators cannot exceed fifty. No county or city can have more than eight Senators, nor can a county be divided iia forming a Senatorial district, unless it is entitled to two or more Sena- tors; and in such division, no ward, borough, or township can be divided. Districts composed of more than one county must be formed of compact and contiguous territory, and be as nearly equal in popula- tion as possible. 3. The Representative ratio is obtained by dividing the population of the State, according to the last United States census, by two hundred. A county having five or more ratios of population has a^Representative for every full ratio. A county having less than five full ratios, has a Representative for each full ratio, and an additional one for a surplus exceeding half a ratio. Cities containing a population equal to or ex- ceeding a full ratio, elect Representatives separately. Counties with more than a hundred thousand inhabitants, and cities electing more than four Representatives, must be divided into districts, but no such district can elect more than four Representatives. 4. The Legislature must apportion the State into Senatorial and Rep- resentative districts at its first session after each decennial census of the United States. Q,ualificatoiu8, Term, and Time of Election of Senators and Representatives. 5. Senators must be twentj^-four, and Representatives twenty-one, years of age ; must have been citizens and inhabitants of the State four years, and inhabitants of their respective districts, one year next before their election, (unless absent on the public business of the State or the 5 66 people's manual. United States,) and must reside in their districts during tlieir term of service. Senators are elected for four, and Rei^resentatives for two years, and are always chosen in even-numbered years, as 1884, 1886, &c. Half the Senators and all the Representatives are chosen every second year. Whenever a vacancy occurs in either House, the presiding officer thereof issues a writ of election to fill the vacancy for the unexpired term, directed to the sheriff of the proper county or counties. 6. No Senator or Representative can be appointed to any civil (Office under the State, and no member of Cougress, or other person holding any office under the State or the United Slates, except attorne3' at-law or in the militia, can be a member of the Legislature, nor is any person convicted of embezzlement, bribery, perjury, or other infamous crime, eligible to a seat in either House. Duties, Powers, and Privileges of the Jjegislature and its Meml)ers. 7. At the commencement and close of each session, and at such other times as may be necessary, the Senate elects one of its members Presi- dent pro tempore, who, in the absence or disability of tlae Lieutenant Governor, performs the duties of that officer. The House of Repre- sentatives elects one of its members as speaker, and eacli House chooses its own officers, and is the judge of the election and qualification *f its own members. A majority of each House is a quorum for business, but a smaller number can adjourn from day to day, and compel the attend- ance of absent members. All sessions are open, except when the bu>i- ness is such as should be kept secret. Neither House can adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other, nor to any other place than its regular place of meeting. Each House makes its own rules, punishes its own members or other persons for contempt or dis- orderly behavior in its presence enforces obedience to its process, pro- tects its members against violence, bribes, or private solicitations, and may expel a member by a two-thirds vote. A member expelled for corruption cannot again become a member of either House. 8. The Senate confirms the Governor's nominations from time to time. "When acting on executive nominations, it sits with open door.s, and all votes must be by yeas and nays, and be recorded on the journal. Two thirds of all the Senators must vote in the affirmative to confirm a nomi- nation made by the Governor. 9. The Legislature meets on the second Tuesday of January of every second year, (odd-numbered years,) and at other times when convened by the Governor. Before entering on their duties, every member must take the oath prescribed in section one of article seven of tlie Constitu- tion, to be administered bj^ a law judge. Both Houses must keep a journal of their proceedings, and publish the same from time to time, except such portions as require secrec}'. Members are privileged from arrest in all cases, except treason, felony, violation of their oath of office, and breach and surety of the peace dur- ing their attendance at their respective House, and in going to and re- turning therefrom, and for any speech or debate in either House cannot be questioned elsewhere. Manner of IvCg'islation. 10. All laws must be passed by bill, and no bill save the appropriation bill can contain more than one subject, to be clearlj^ expressed in its title. The purpose of a bill cannot be changed during its passage. Each bill must be referred to a committee, be reported therefrom, and printed for the use of the members before it can be considered. It must be read at length on three different days in each house, and on its final passage must receive the affirmative votes of a majority of all the members elected to each House, the yeas and nays being entered in the journals. LKUISLATIVK DEPARTMENT. 67 Amendments made by either House must be concurred in by a majority or all the members of tlie other, on a call of the yeas and iiays, and re- ports of conference committees must be adopted by a majority of the members of each House, votiufj; by yeas and na^-s. All bills for raising revenue must originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may amend such bills. All bills and resolutions passed must be signed Dy'the presiding officer of each House, in its presence, after the titles have been publicly read, and the fact of signing must be entered on the journals. 11. After having passed both Houses, every bill must be presented to the Governor for approval or disapproval. If approved by him, it becomes a law at once ; if he disapprove, he must return it to the House where it originated, with his objections. A bill disapproved by the Governor mav become a law by receiving the affirmative votes of two thirds of all the'niembers elected to each House, on a call of the yeas and nays, the votes l>eing recorded in the journals. If the Governor does not approve a bill and fails to return it to tlie House whence it originated within ten days after being presented to him, it becomes a law the same as if signed by him, unless the Legislature adjourns in the meantime. In this case, it' becomes a law unless he files it, with his objections, in the Secretary of the Commonwealth's office, and gives notice thereof, by proclama- tion, within thirty da;^s after such adjournment. The Governor may disapprove anj' item in an appropriation bill, when there are several distinct items, and such item or items are void unless repassed according to the rules laid down in the Constitution for passing bills over the Governor's veto. Every resolution, order, or vote to wliich the assent of both Houses is necessary, except adjournment, must be approved bj' the Governor before it is effective ; or, if disap- proved by him, be repassed by the votes of two thirds of all the mem- bers elected to each House. 12. No member can vote on any bill in which he has a personal or private interest. Liimitations ou liC^islation. 13. The Legislature cannot pass a local or special bill unless notice thereof has been published in the locality to be effected at least thirty daj^s prior to the introduction of the bill, iior until evidence of the pub- lication has been furnished ; and no local or special law whatever can be passed in any of the following cases : Granting divorces; fixing the rate of interest; exempting property from taxation; vacating roads, town plats, streets, or alleys; changing the names of persons and places; changing the law of descent or succession : changing the venue in civil or criminal cases; regulating trade, labor, minmg, or manufacturing; authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children ; authorizing the creation, extension, or impairing of liens: relating to cemeteries, grave- yards, or public grounds not of the State ; incorporating cities, towns, or villages, or changing their charters: creating corporations, or an- nulling, renewing, or extending the charters thereof; locating or chang- ing county seats, erecting new counties, or changing county lines ; open- ing and conducting elections, or fixing or changing the place of voting; regulating the affairs of countie.s, cities, townships, wards, boroughs, or school-districts; remitting tines, penalties, forfeitures, or refunding nionej'^ legally paid into tlae treasury; erecting new townships or bor- oughs, changing township or borough lines, or school-districts; author- izing the laying out, opening, altering, or maintaining road.s, highways, streets, or alleys; regulating the management of public schools, build- ing and repairing school-houses, and raising money therefor ; regulating the fees, or extending the powers and duties of aldermen, justices of the peace, magistrate;?, or constables; creating offices, or prescribing the powers and duties of officers in counties, cities, boroughs townships, election or school-districts; affecting the estates of minors or persons 68 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. under disability, except after due notice to all parties in interest, to be recited iu the special enactment ; relating to ferries or bridges, or incor- porating ferry ur bridge companies, except for the erection of bridges crossing streams which form the boundary between this and other States; granting to any corporation, association, or individual, any special or exclusive privilege or immunity, or to any corporation, as- sociation, or individual the right to lay down a railroad track ; nor shall the Legislature indirectly enact such special or local law by the partial repeal of a general law, but laws repealing local or special acts may be passed ; nor shall any law be passed granting powers or privileges in any case where the granting of such powers and privileges has been provided for by general law, nor where the courts have jurisdiction to grant the same, or give the relief asked for. 14. No law can extend the term of any public officer, or change his salary or emoluments, alter his election or appointment, nor can any bill be passed giving extra compensation to any public officer, servant, employe, agent, or contractor after service has been rendered or con- tract made, nor providing for paying any claims against the State with- out previous autliority of law. 15. No appropriation can be made to any charitable or educational institution not under the absolute control of the State, otlier than Nor- mal schools, except by a two-thirds vote of both Houses, and no appro- priations, except for pensions and gratuities for military services, can be made for charitable, educational, or benevolent purposes, to any per- son or community, nor to any denominational or sectarian institution, corporation, or association, except that appropriations may be made to institutions in which the widows and orphans of soldiers are supported, to be applied exclusively to the support of such widows and orphans. 16. Tlie Legislature cannot delegate to any special commission, pri- vate corporation, or association, any power to make, supervise, or inter- fere with any municipal improvement, money, property, or effects, whether held in trust or otherwise, or to levy taxes, or perform any municipal functions whatever. 17. No act of assembly can limit the sum to be recovered for injuries resulting in death, or for injuries to personal property, or limit the time in which suit may be brought against corporations for injuries to persons or propertj^ In case of death from injuries, the right of action shall survive, and the Legislature shall prescribe for whose benefit it _shall be prosecuted. 18. No act of assembly can exchange, transfer, remit, postpone, or iu any way diminish, any obligation or liability of any railroad or other corporation, held or owned by the State, nor can such obligation be released except by payment into the State Treasury. 19. No act of assembly can authorize the investment of trust funds by executors, administrators, or guardians, or other trustees in the securi- ties of any private corporations. 20. The Legislature has no power to change the venue in any civil or criminal case, such power being vested in the courts. 21. No law can be passed creating or continuing any State officer for inspecting or measuring anj^ merchandise, manufacture, or commodity. 22. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of con- tracts, or making irrevocable any grant or special privileges or immu- nities, can be passed, nor can any person be attainted of treason or felony bv the Legislature. Neither can the Legislature grant any title of no- bility or hereditary distinction, or create any office the appointment to whicli shall be for a longer term than good behavior. 23. When the Legislature is convened in special session by the Gov- ernor, it can only legislate upon those subjects designated in the pro- clamation calling such session. 24. No law that mav be passed changing the location of the capital of the State shall be of any validity until it has been submitted to the voters of the State, and ratified by them. LEGISLATIVE DEtAftTMlJNT. 69 ^5. The general appropriation bill can embrace nothing but appro- priations lor tlie ordinary expenses of the legislative, executive, and .iudicial departments of the State government, the interest on the pub- lic debt, and !or public schools. AH otlier appropriations must be made by separate bills, each bill embracing but one subject. Bribery and Corrupt Solicitation. 26. Any member of the Legislature wlio shall solicit, demand, receive, or consent to receive, directly or indirectly, for himself or for another, from any company, corporation, or individual, any mone3', office, ap- pointment, employment, testimonial, reward, thing of value or enjoy- ment, or of personal advantage, or promise tliereof for his vote or offi- cial influence, or for withliolding tlie same, or with an understanding, express or implied, tiiat his vote or official action shall be in any way in- fluenced thereby, or who shall solicit or demand any such money or other advantageli matter, or thing aforesaid for another, as the considera- tion of his vote or official influence, or for withholding the same, or shall give or withhold his vote or influence in consideration of the pay- ment or promise of sach monej^, advantage, matter, or thing to anotiier, shall be guilt\' of bribery, and, on conviction, be ineligible to the Legis- Jatiare, and be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the laws of the State. 27. Any person who sliall, directly or indirectly, give or promise any money or thing of value, testimonial, privilege, or personal advantage to any executive or judicial officer or member of the Legislature to in- fluence him in the performance of any of his public or official duties, shall be guilty of bribery, and, on conviction, shall be fined not exceed- ing §1,000, and be imprisoned not exceeding twoyears. Impeachment. 28. The House of Representatives has the sole right to prefer articles of impeachtnent. Ail impeachments are tried by the Senate. When sitting for that purpose, Senators must be on oath or affirmation. The affirmative votes of two thirds of all the Senators present at the time the vote is taken is necessary to convict a person of any crime of which he has been impeached. The Governor and all other civil officers are liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor in office, but judgment in such cases cannot extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold any office of trust or profit under the State. The accused, whether convicted or acquitted, is still liable to indictment, trial, judgment, and punisqment, according to law. Compeusation ot Members. 2fl. The compensation of members of the Legislature is one thousand dollars for each regular session not exceeding one hundred days, and ^ten dollars per daj' for everj^ day in excess of one hundred : Provided, such excess of time shall not exceed fifty days at any one session. The compensation for each adjourned or special session is ten dollars per day. Members receive one mileage for each session, whether regular or otherwise, at the rate of twenty cents per mile between their homes and the State capital, to be computed by tiie ordinary mail route. No member can receive, during the time lor which he is elected, any in- crease of salary or mileage under anj^ law passed during his term. The President p?-o tempore of the Senate and the Speaker ot the House receive one hundred dollars extra for each session. In addition, each Senator and Representative receives one hundred dollars' worth of postage stamps for each regular session, and fifty dollars for stationery for each regular session, and ten dollars for each extra session. 70 i>eople's manual. OMcers, Mode of Appointment, and Salary, 30. The ofiiicers of the Senate are a chief clerk, Joui-nal clerk, reading clerk, message clerk, two transcribing clerks, librarian, sergeant-at- arins and two assistants, doorkeeper and two assistants, messenger and assistant, postmaster, superintendent of folding-room, two janitors, two firemen, watchman, six pasters and folders, and ten pages. 31. The officers of the House are a chief clerk, resident clerk, reading clerk, Journal clerk, message clerk, two transcribing clerks, sergeant- at-arms and four assistants, doorkeeper and three assistants, door- keeper for rotunda, messenger and three assistants, superintendent of folding-room, seven janitors, two liremen, one watchman, ten pasters and folders, and fifteen pages. Engineer of capitol building to be ap- pointed by the chief clerks of the two houses. 32. The compensation of these officers is as follows for each regular session : Chief clerks, $2,500 ; resident clerk, $2,000 ; reading clerks and Journal clerks, |1,500 ; message clerks, $1,000. And in years in which special sessions only are held, they are paid ten dollars per day during such special session. 33. Transcribing clei'ks, sergeants-at-arrns and assistants, librarian of Senate, postmasters and assistants, $800 each, and five dollars jier day for all extra sessions. 34. Doorkeepers and assistants, messengers and assistants, post- masters, superintendents of folding-rooms, janitors, engineer, firemen, and pasters and folders, $600 each, and five dollars per day for all extra sessions, 35. The watchmen receive three dollars per day during the whole year, and the pages two dollars per day at regular sessions, and one dollar per day for extra sessions. 36. All except watchmen and pages receive mileage for each ses- sion, at twenty cents per mile for the distance between their homes and the State capital. 37. The librarian, janitors, watchman, firemen, and pages of the Senate are appointed by the chief clerk, and the rest are elected by the Senate. 38. The firemen and janitors of the House are appointed by the Speaker, the journal clerk, watchman, and pages by the chief clerk, and the rest are elected by the House. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 71 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. CHAPTER XVIII. GOVERNOR AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. Constitutional Provisions. 1. The supreme executive power of tbe State is vested in the Gover- nor, who must see that the laws are faithfully executed. He is elected by tlie qualitied voters of the State everj^ fourth 3 ear on the Tuesday after the first Mondaj' of November. The person receivinjr the highest number of votes becomes Governor, but if two or more are equal and highest in vote, one of them must be chosen Governor by a majority vote of the two Houses of the Legislature in joint session. His term of office begins on the third Tuesday of January following his election, and continues till his successor is qualified, but he is not eligible for the next term. No one is eligible to the office of Governor but a citizen of the United States, thirty-five years of age, who has been a resident of the State for seven j^ears immediately preceding his election, unless absent on the business" of the State or the United States. No person holding any federal office or any other State office can be Governor. 2. He is commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the State, and of the militia, except when thej' are called into the service of the United States. 3. With the advice and consent of two thirds of all the members of the Senate, he appoints a secretary of the Commonwealth, an attorney gen- eral, and an adjutant general at pleasure, a superintendent of public in- struction for four years, a commissioner of insurance for three years, a superintendent of public printing and binding for four years, a State liltrarian for three j^eais, and such other offices as the law directs. He fills all vacancies in offices to which he may appoint, when the vSenate is not in session, by giving commissions to expire at the end of its next session. He can till any vacancy that may happen in the offices of Auditor General, State Treasurer, or Secretary of Internal Aftairs dur- ing the recess of the Senate, as well as in a judicial office or other offices which he is authorized to fill. If the vacancy occurs while the Senate is in session, he must appoint before it adjourns. 4. He can remit fines and forfeitures, and grant reprieves, connnuta- tions of sentence, and pardons, except in cases of impeachment ; but no pardon shall be granted nor sentence comnuited except on the written recommendation of at least three members of the Board of Pardons. He must sign all death wan-ants of persons sentenced to be hanged, and ap- points the day of execution. 5. He may require information in writing from the heads of the sev- eral offices of the State government on subjects relating to their re- spective offices; and may, from time to time, give to the Legislature information of the state of the Commonwealth, making such recom- mendations as he may deem proper. These communications are called the ''Governor's messages." On extraordinary occasions, he may con- vene the Legislature in extra session, and, in the event of a disagree- ment between the two Houses as to the time of adjournment, may ad- 72 people's manual. journ them to a daj^ fixed not later than four months. He may con- vene the Senate in extraordinary session by proclamation for executive business. He can veto any bill or resolution passed by the Legislature, or any item in an appropriation act containing more than one item, under the restrictions mentioned in the chapter on the Legislature under the head, "Manner of Legislation." 6. Contested elections of Governor and Lieutenant-Grovernor are de- termined by a committee of four Senators and nine Representatives, chosen by lot, as directed in the act of 1874. The chief justice of the Supreme Court must preside at such trial, and decide on the legality of all evidence offered and questions of law involved. liCgislative Provisions. 7. The returns of the election for Governor, by counties, are handed to the President of the Senate by the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and by him opened in the presence of both Houses of the Legislature, in the hall of the House of Representatives, on a day fixed by them, between the day on which the Legislature meets and the third Wednes- day of January, when the Governor is inaugurated. At this joint meet- ing the vote of the State for Governor is counted, and the result de- clared. 8. The Governor commissions all State ofiicers, whether elected or appointed, except Lieutenant-Governor and members and officers of the Legislature, all judges, magistrates, and justices of the peace, all county officers requiring commissions, notaries public, commissioners of deeds, officers in the National Guard, and such others as the law may direct. 9. Upon receipt of the returns of the election of members of Congress, he publishes a proclamation in one or more newspapers, reciting the names of the persons who seem to be elected, and immediately there- after transmits the returns to the House of Representatives of the"^ United States. On receipt of the returns of the election of electors of President and Vice President, he enumerates the votes cast for each one, and pub- lishes a proclamation in one or more newspapers, setting forth the names of the electors chosen, and causes a notice of his election to be sent to each elector on or before the last Wednesday of the month in which the election occurs. He causes three lists of the electors to be made, certified, and delivered to them on or before the da.y on which they meet to cast the electoral vote of the state for President and Vice President. As soou as the result of any election for supreme j udges has been determined according to law, he publishes a proclamation in one or more newspapers, reciting the names of the persons elected. 10. He approves the charters of all corporations for profit, created under the general corporation act of 1874 and its supplements, the charters of insurance companies created under the act of 1876 and its supplements, and issues letters-patent to corporations for profit formed under the laws of the State. On the failure of railroad and canal com- panies to elect officers according to the act of 1847, he may appoint directors for them. He must sign all patents for lan.ds issued in the name of the State. He lias prepared all standards of weights, measures, and capacity, and carries into effect all provi.sionsof law relative thereto. 11. He issues warrants on the State Treasurer for all money appro- priated by the Legislature for the erection and maintenance of peni- tentiaries, hospitals for the insane, and houses of refuge, and for money appropriated to charitable and benevolent institutions, and for such other purposes as the law may direct. In case of a disagreement be- tween the Auditor General and State Treasurer relative to the settle- ment of any account, the whole matter is referred to the Governor, whose decision is final. 12. In case of a rebellion, or of an actual or threatened invasion of the State, he may call the militia into actual service, but not for a longer Executive DEPAKTjiiiNT. 73 period than three rn'onths at any one time on liis own authority. In cases of emergency, to supplj- the militia thns called oixt, he may draw his warrant on the State Treasurer for such sums of money as maj^ be actually necessary, and use the same as the exigencies of the case may require. 13. He issues letters-patent to towns and boroughs, erecting them into cities under the act of 1874 and its supplements, and issues certiticates to cities accepting the provisions of said ace. 14. In connection with the Secretary of the Commonwealth and the Secretary of Internal Affairs, he considers all applications for the erec- tion of liew counties, and any two of them may appoint commissioners to report concerning the same. Ou the report of the commissioners, if favorable, the Governor orders an election by the voters of the proposed new covmty, and on its formation appoints and commissions its tirst officers. In, In case of a person charged with crime, and who has fled to an- other State or Territory, on sufficient proof he will issue a requisition on the Governor of the State or Territory where the fugitive is found, for his return to this State for trial. He also issues warrants for the arrest of fugitives from justice found iu this State, on the requisition of other Governors. 16. In cases of prisoners confined in the penitentiaries and countj^ jails allowed a deduction on their terms of sentence for good behavior, he issues orders reciting the time to be deducted, and directing their discharge. 17. Records and instruments of writing intended for use in other States, and in foreign countries, are authenticated by him, under the seal of the State. 18. He cannot be a bank director, but is one of the visitors of the Philadelphia prisons, and of the State penitentiaries, and lunatic hos- pitals. He is a member of the State Board of Agriculture, and one of the commissioners of the public grounds and buildings. liieutenaut Governor. 19. There is elected at the same time with the Governor, and for the same term, a Lieutenant Governor, who must have the same qualifica- tions as the Governor. He presides over the Senate, but has no vote unless it be equall}^ divided on some question. In case of the death, conviction on impeachment, failure to qualifj^ resignation, or other dis- ability of the Governor, the duties, powersj^ and emoluments of that office" devolve upon the Lieutenant Governor for the remainder of the term, or till the disability is removed. 20. Iu case of a vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor, or when he shall be impeached or unable to discharge the duties of his office, the duties, powers, and emoluments thereof shall devolve on the Presi- dent pro tempore of the Senate for the remainder of the term, or till the disability is removed. And the President p?-o tempore of the Senate shall become Governor if a vacancy occurs in that office while he is serving as Lieiitenant Governor, in Avhich case his seat as Senator becomes vacant. Employees iu the Executive Office. 21. There are five officers and employes in the executive office proper, in addition to the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, as follows: 22. J^rivate secretary, whose duties, among others are to have charge of the correspondence and clerical work of the office, conducting the correspondence as directed by the Governor. He receives and dis- burses tlie money appropriated for the incidental exj^ensesof the office, and he is recorder of the Board of Pardons. 23. Executive clerk, who has charge of the correspondence relative 74 people's manual. to appointments to of3Bce, and performs the general clerical work of the office, under the direction of the Governor and private secretary. He is clerk of the Board of Pardons, and as such receives and disburses the money appropriated for its incidental expenses, filing vouchers therefor in the Auditor General's office quarterly. 24. The other employgs are a messenger, a night watchman, and a page. Salaries.— Governor, $10 000; Lieutenant Governor, $3,000; private secretary, |2,500 ; executive clerk, $1,500; messenger, $1,200; night watchman, $900; page, $300. The annual allowance for postage and in- cidental expenses of the office is $^,000. EXECUTIVE BEPARIMENT. 75 CHAPTER XIX. SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH'S OFFICE. Appoiutineut and General Duties. 1. The Secretary of the Commonwealth is appointed by the Governor during his pleasure, and contirmed by the Senate. He must take the oath prescribed in section one of article seventeen of the Constitution, and give a Ijond to the Governor, for tlie use of the State, for the proper discharge of his official duties, in the sum of one thousand pounds. (A pound is $2.66.) He is a member of the board of pardons, board of sinking land commissioners, board of revenue commissioners, board of property, and a visitor of the Philadelphia prisons and State penitentiaries. 2. His duties are intimately connected with those of the Governor, as nearly all the official transactions of the Executive pass through his hands or office. He keeps a record of all the Governor's official acts, and, when lequired, laj^s them before the Legislature, with all the papers relating thereto. He has a deputy appointed by himself, with the approbation of the Governor, removable at his pleasure. He is the keeper of the great and less seals of the State, and has them affixed re- spectively to all instruments requiring tlie attestation of the Governor's signature. Ho collects, and pays over to the State Treasurer quarterly, all fees paid into his office belonging to the State, filing in the Auditor General's office a statement of the same. 3. The official bonds of all State officers, and all bonds and recogni- zances directed by law to be given to the State for tlie faithful discharge of any office, commission, or public trust, or contract, are tiled in this office, and copies thereof, under his hand and seal, are evidence against the parties thereto, their heirs, executors, etc. 4. All the books, papers, accounts, and records of his office are open to the inspection of botii branches of the Legislature, and he must fur- nish such copies or abstracts therefrom as may be legally required from time to time. His Duties Relative to the Tiaws. 5. All the records in the office of the Master of the Rolls relating to .tlie enrollment of the laws and other acts of the Legislature were di- rected to be turned over to this office, and all tlie powers and duties of tiiat officer relating thereto are now performed under his direction. All the acts and resolutions passed by the Legislature, after being approved by tlie Governor, are recorded in this office, and tlie Secretary must furnish to the Superintendent of Public Printing and Binding, for pub- lication, an accurate copy of all sucli passed at each session, prepared as directed by law ; and, after they are i)rinted and bound, he distri- butes them as the law directs. Duties Relative to Cliarters of Corporations. 6. All charters of corporations, and amendments thereto, for literary, charitable, or religious purposes, created by the Supreme Court, as well as those created for manufacturing iron, are enrolled in this office. ?(3 People's MANUAli. He performs generally all duties relative to the formation of corpora- tions created by the State, under the various acts of assembly relative thereto, and all duties relative to the extension of the charter's thereof, their increase or decrease of capital, merger, consolidation, sale of fran- chises, &c., as directed by law ; and the charters, articles of association, and all papers relating to the formation and modification of such cor- porations must be filed in this office. 7. Before foreign corporations can do business in the State, they must file in this office a statement showing their title, object, location, and the names of their agents. 8. Railroads, canals, and other transportation companies existing Jan- uary 1, 1874, desiring to accept the provisions of article seventeen of the State Constitution, must file in this office the certificates required by law, and when the same are recorded by the Secretary, they shall have the privileges and be subject to the restrictions of that article; and street passenger railway companies must file here an acceptance of the provisions of article sixteen of the Constitution before they can benefit by the act allowing an extension of their lines, 9. Purchasers at a judicial sale of the franchises of any corporation, before using the same, or claiming or using the benefits of the law re- lating to the sale of railroads, canals, turnpilies, bridges, and plan]£ roads, must file in this office their acceptance of the provisions of article sixteen of the Constitution, 10. All decrees of courts of common pleas, accepting the surrender of any power in any charter of a corporation, or dissolving any corpora- tion, is inoperative until a certificate thereof is filed in this office. Duties Relative to Election Returns. 11. All returns of elections for Governor, Lieutenant (iovernor, Au- ditor General, State Treasurer, and Secretary of Internal Affairs must be sent to this office, from each county, and be delivered to the Presi- dent of the Senate within five days after the meeting of the Legislature. All returns of the election of Senators and Representatives are sent to the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and on the day the Legislature meets he delivers them to the proper Houses, Returns of elections to fill vacancies in either House are delivered as soon as received. 12. Returns of the election of Presidential Electors, members of Con- gress, and county officers commissioned by the Governor, are sent to this office, and the Secretary lays them before the Governor, as also the re- turns of all elections forjudges of the several courts. 13. The returns of elections of j astices of the peace and alderman, and certificates of their acceptance, are sent by prothonotaries to this office, and the Secretary causes commissions to' issue to them signed by the Governor. 14. All election returns, required by law to be sent to the Secretary of the Commonwealth, must be sent by mail forthwith, and, if any re- turn is not received by him within fifteen days after it should be mailed, he notifies the proper prothonotary to send him at once a certified copy thereof. 15. He countersigns the certificates of election of United States Sena- tors after they aresigned by the Governor. For his duties relative to elections by soldiers in the service of the United States, see laws of 1864. 16. In cases of contested elections of Presidential Electors, State offi- cers, and law judges, a certified copy of the decision of the court trying the contest is filed in this office within five days after being rendered, that commissions may speedily issue, and decisions of courts trying contested elections of'members of the Legislature are filed here to be laid before the proper House by the Secretary at the opening of the session, or as soon thereafter as received. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 77 Miscellaneous Duties. 17. He must lay before the Legislature all testimony received by him relative to complaints against justices of the peace. He furnishes seals for the courts and officers of the several counties, and for notaries public, and to the commissioners of counties, on appli- cation, copies of the standards of weights and measures— all at the cost of those furnislied. 18. The Secretary and his deputy have power to administer oaths to all State officers and others in matters pertaining to the executive busi- ness of the State ; and the official oaths of all State officers and judges of the Supreme Court, and the oath, and description of seal, and signa- ture, of commissioners of other States and Territories and foreign coun- ties to take acknowledgments are tiled here. 19. For his duties in relation to letting contracts for furnisliing sup- plies for the Legislature and departments, and distributing the laws, department reports, ifcc, see chapter on ''Expenses of Government;" and relative to awarding the public printing and binding, and publish- ing the Legislative Record, chapter on " Puidic Printing and Binding." 20. The Governor, Secretary of Internal Affairs, and Secretary of the Commonwealth consider all applications for new counties. He is required to advertise for proposals for publishing the reports of the Supreme Court, and, in conjunction with the Auditor General and Supreme Court Reporter, to award a contract therefor for a term of ten years. 21. There are eleven officers, clerks, and emploj-^s in the office in ad- dition to the Secretary, as follows : 22. Deputy Secretary. — Whose duties, aside from acting as the deputy of the Secretary and discharging his duties during his absence or dis- ability, are : To keep the executive minutes, showing the Governor's official action ; to certify copies of laws and other papers ; to deliver messages I'rom the Governor to the Legislature ; to collect all fees com- ing to the office, pay them to the State Treasurer, and file accounts thereof with the Auditor General; receive and disburse the money ap- propriated for the incidental expenses of the office ; issue and transmit the warrants authorized to be drawn by the Governor on the State Treasurer, and keep the accounts; examine applications for requisitions and warrants for fugitives from j ustice, and prepare and forward par- dons, &c. 23. Chief Clerk. — Who has general supervision of the work in the office, under the direction of the Secretary and deputy. He registers the acts of assembly; prepares the laws for publication, and directs their distribution ; prepares proclamations ; discharges the duties rela- tive to election returns; prepares official notices ; prepares for publica- tion the official advertisements ; receives and files awards of contracts, ifec. 24. Corporation Clerk.— Who has charge of all matters in the office relating to charters of incorporation. 25. Coinmis.sion Clerk. — Who prepares and forwards all commissions issued by the Governor to civil officers, keeps a register thereof, and has charge of all official bonds. 26. The other clerks and the messenger perform such duties as are assigned to them from time to time. In addition to these, the law au- thorizes the employment of a clerk temporarily, to record the laws, at $125 per month while actually employed. 27. -SciZaj-ies.— Secretary, |4,000; deputy, $2,500; chief clerk, $1,800; corporation clerk, $1,600; other clerks, $1,400; me.ssenger, $1,100. Annual allowance for incidental expenses of the office, $3,000. For in- dexing laws, $100. Distribution of l^aws. 28. The following is the distribution to be made of the pamphlet laws by the Secretary : House of Kepresentatives, 25 copies ; Senate, 78 people's manual. 20 ; State Library, 10 ; for exchange with other States and Territories, 50 ; for each State office, 1; for eacii member and principal clerk of the Senate and House, 1 ; lor each prothonotary of the Supreme Court, 1 ; for each judge of the Supreme Court, 1 ; for each judge and associate judge in "the State, 1 ; for each sheriff, prothonotary, register, recorder, clerk of courts, county treasurer, board of county commissioners, dis- trict attorney, and county surveyor, 1 ; for each justice of the peace and alderman, 1; for each public library, 1; each judge and clerk of the circuit and district courts of the United States withm the State, 1 ; State Department of the United States, 5 ; Philadelphia Atheneum, 1 ; mayor of each city, 1. Copies can be purchased from the Secretary of the Com- monwealth at 40 cents for volumes of 150 pagts or less, and 60 cents lor voluines of 300 pages or less, Vohimes of over 300 pages, |1. EXECUTIVE DEPART3IENT. 79 CHAPTER XX. ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE. 1. Tlie Attorney General is appointed by the Governor, at pleasure, and confirmed bv the Senate, He is the legal adviser of the (4overnor and several State officers. Before entering on his official duties, he must take the oath required by section one of article seven of the Con- stitution, and give bond to the State, with two sureties, in ?30,000, for the faithful discharge of his duties, and the payment to the State Treas- urer ot all monevs collected by him for the State. He must have his office at the State'capital, and keep therein dockets containing memf)r- anda of all claims placed in his hands, showing the status of each ; and be must make a report to the Legislature on or before the second Tues- da\' of January of each year, giving a statement of the official business transacted by him during the year. 2. All debts known by the Auditor General and State Treasurer to be due to the State remaining unpaid for ten days after the time for ap- peals must be placed in his hands for collection. All monej^s thus col- lected by him must be paid into the State Treasury within ten days after receipt. He has access at all times to the records in the offices of the Auditor General and State Treasurei', and he must have settled and collected all accounts appearing thereby to be due the State, when the public interest will be served thereby. 3. Tlie Auditor General, State Treasurer, and Attorney General may re- vise and resettle accounts already settled, when errors have Deen made, crediting or charging the result of such resettlement on the current ac- count of the person or body politic. • 4. He must tile witii the State Treasurer quarterly accounts of all sums collected for the State, and pay over all sums remaining in his hands. He must have these accounts settled by the Auditor General and State Treasurer in Octol)er of each year, as other accounts are settled, and on failure to make these returns and payments promptly, it is the duty of the Governor to remove him. 5. He must bring suit against any agent or attorney of the State, In the courts of Dauphia county, who has collected any money and failed to pay it over to the proper State officers, and proceed to judgment and execution as provided against defaulting public officers. 6. If he has reason to believe that any association has acted as a cor- poration withoiit legal authorit}', or that'any corporation has forfeited its corporate rights or franchises, or has exercised any power not belonging to it, it is his duty to ask from the proper court a writ of quo warranto for the determination of t he matter. If tlie Secretary of Internal Affairs certifies to him that he believes any corporation is transcending its cor- porate functions or infringing on the rights of individuaJ citizens, he must, by appropriate legal remedy, seek to redress the same by pro- ceedings in court, at the expen-se of the State. 7. He examines all proposed Ijank charters, to see that they are in proper form, and duly made, as well as applications for charters for in- surance companies, certifying to them when they conform to law. 8. The necessary process, when bills in equity are filed in the courts to perpetuate testimony relative to lands, tenements, and hereditaments, where the State is a necessary party, are served on him, and he must take care of the State's interest. 9. When authorized by the board of property, he may proceed in all 80 people's manual. liens due the State for unpatented lands, in the manner to be pursued against defaulting public officers. 10. In cases where privileges and immunities have been given corpora- tions by act of Assembly, on terms and conditions therein prescribed, for knowing or intentional neglect or refusal to perform which forfeit- ure is provided for in the act, the Attorney General must, on complaint made by one whose interests are thereby aflfected, institute proceedings at once in a court of competent jurisdiction to ascertain the fact, and if the said neglect or refusal be adjudged by the court to have occurred, then the said privileges and immunities shall cease. 11. In addition to his salary, tlie Attorney General is allowed five per cent, on claims that have been due the State more than sixty days, the same to be paid by the debtors as a penalty for neglect ; but his com- pensation from this source shall not exceed seven thousand dollars per annum, all in excess of that amount being paid into the State Treasury. 12. The Attorney General is an official visitor of the Philadelphia pris- ons and of the State penitentiaries, is a meuaber of the board of prop- erty and of the board of pardons. 13. The office of Deputy Attorney General was made permanent by an act passed in 1874. He assists the Attorney General in the discharge of his official duties, a<3ts as his deputy, and in case of his absence or disa- bility discharges his duties. He receives and disburses the money ap- propriated for the incidental expenses of the office. 14. Besides the Attorney General and deputy, there is one clerk in the office, who performs the clerical labor, keeps the books and records, and acts as messenger. 15. /Salaries.— Attorney General, $3,500 ; deputy, ?l,aOO ; clerk, $1,400. Annual allowance for incidental expenses of the office, traveling ex- penses, &G , $1,000, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 81 CHAPTER XXI. AUDITOR GENERAL'S OFFICE. 1. 'J'he Auditor General is elected by the Toters of the State at the gen- eral election everj- third 3'ear, and commissioned by the Governor to serve lor three years from the first Tuesday of May next succeeding his election. He inust take the oath of office prescribed in the Constitution, and give bond to the State in the sum of ^5,000. If an Auditor General elect dies before assuming office, the person then filling the office shall continue therein until his successor is qualified, who shall be elected at the next general election, and assume the duties of the offica on the 1st day of December next ensuing, to hold for three years from the first Tuesday of JNlay preceding. If a vacancy occurs in the office during the recess of the Senate, the Governor appoints till the end of the next ses- sion ; but if it liappens during the session, he must nominate beibre its close. In ca.se of such vacancy, an Auditor General is chosen at the next general election, for the unexpired term, unless it happens within three month of such election, when he is chosen at the second general elec- tion . 2. The general duty of the Auditor General's office is to settle all ac- cotmts between the State and any person, office, department, associa- tion, or corporation, whether the claim is <''gainst the State or by it. His powers, relative to accounts coming before him, are very large. Ho can compel the attendance of those having accounts to settle, and wit- nesses deemed proper, and examine them under oath, and compel the production of all books and papers I'elating to the matter. He can se- cure the testimony of all such persons before any judge or justice of the peace, on a commission under his seal ; and, to compel the attendance of witnesses and the production of books and papers, can exercise the power of attachment through sheriffs. He can imprison witnesses re- fusing to testify or to produce books or papers. 3. Be may by himself, or with the State Treasurer, send an agent at any time to examine the books, papers, this office annually the amount of coal and coke carried by them, making their reports so that the production on each line may be correctly ascertained, as Avell as the points at Avhich it was mined. All mining companies, or persons working mines, and all State and county officers, when re- quired, must iurnish to this office all information in their possession regarding coal mined or marketed, or used by manufactories and not transported as above, give information as to where correct statistics as 88 people's mantjal. to coal production can be had, and give information of all mining acci- dents in counties where there are no mine inspectors. After receiving tliis information, the Secretary shall collate the same so as to give in tab- ular form the fullest possible information regarding the coal interests of the State, separating the several kindsof coal, and the sections vs^here produced, and giving lull information regarding the number and cause of all mining accidents. 6. He must also collect, collate, classify, and report in a similar manner, all statistics relative to petroleum, salt, iron ore, zinc, and other mineral productions of the State, and the quantities of pig-iron and wrought-iron manufactured. Any corporation, company, firm, or individu.al engaged in mining, or any county officer neglecting or refus- ing to give the informacion or make the report required relative to mineral statistics, is liable to a fine of one hundred dollars. Bureau of Industrial Statistics, 7. This office embraces a bureau of industrial statistics, the object of which is to inquire impartially into the relations of capital and labor, in their bearings upon the social, educational, and industrial welfare of all classes of working ijeople, and to offer practical suggestions for their improvement. It collects, compiles, and publishes such statistics rela- tive to the wages of labor, and the social condition of the laboring classes as will enable tlie people of the State to judge how far Legisla- tion can be invoked to correct existing evils. 8. To assist the bureau in these duties, all corporations, firms, or indi- viduals engaged in mining, manufacturing, or other business, and all persons working for wages in the State, are required to furnisli such statistical information as the chief of the bureau or Secretary of Internal Affairs may demand. The bureau collects, compiles, and publishes annually the productive statistics of agriculture, mining, manufactur- ing, commercial, and otlier business interests of the State ; and any cor- poration, firm, or person doing business in the State, neglecting or re- fusing, for thirty days, to answer questions by circular or on personal application, or who shall refuse to obey the subpoena of the pi-oper officer of this department, shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred dollars. 9. The Secretary of Internal Affairs, with the approval of the Gov- ernor, appoints a chief of this bureau, for a term of four j^ears. Assessments and Taxa'ble Property. 10. Tho commissioners of each county, and the board of revision of Philadelphia, must make out in tabular form, by assessment districts, and furnish to the Secretary of Internal Affairs on the first day of June of each year, a full statement of all property taxable for county pur- poses, showing the real and personal in separate columns, the amount of tax assessed for county purposes, and the debt of the county. These returns are consolidated in this office so as to show the result by coun- ties, and are thus published in the annual report of the office,'for the information of the people of the State at large. Miscellaneous Provisions. 11. All maps, drafts, reports, and other papers relating to surveys of State or county lines. State or turnpike roads, railroads, canals, and other public improvements, are filed in this office. All commissions appointed to reestablish any of the boundary lines of the State, to erect new counties, or to annex part of one county to another, must file a copy of their report in this office ; and after the report of a commission appointed to re-survey, re-mark, or change any county line has been approved by the court of quarter sessions of the proper county, in du- EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 89 plicate, the cierk of said court shall forward one of the'copies to tlie Secretary of Internal Allkirs, with the co'nlirmation indorsed thereon, to be tiled in his oiiito. 12. A duplicate returji of the election of county surveyor of each county must be sent to this office by the courts computing the returns, to be placed on tile, and a certified copy of the surveyors' oaths of office must also bo filed here. lo. The Secretary and deputj' secretary have authority to administer oaths in all matter's pertaining to the business of the office, and to call before them witnesses for examination in cases of doubt. 14. The Secretary of Internal Affairs' office embraces four distinct departments : The land department, embracing matters relating to lands, the titles to which are derived from the State, and all surveys. The department relating to valuation of taxable property, assess- ment of taxes, number of taxables, and debt of the several counties. The bureau of industrial statistics, embracing all matters relating to the mining, the manufacturing, and the producing interests of the State, and tjje collection of mineral statistics, ehigh; 32d, Delaware; 33d, Armstrong; 34th, Susquehanna; 35th, Mercer; 36th, Beaver; 37th, Warren and Forest; 38th, Montgomery; 39th, Franklin; 40th, Indiana; 41st, Juniata and Perry; 42d, Adams and Fulton; 43d, Carbon and Monroe; 44th, Sullivan and Wyoming; 45th. Lackawanna, two judges; 46th, Clearfield; 47th, Cambria; 48th, McKean and Potter; 49th, Centre and Huntingdon. JUDICIAL Di:rAuTJiK>-T. 13;^ CHAPTER XXXVII. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. ALDEHMEN. AND MAGIS- THATES. 1. Justices of the peace, or aldermen, are elected in the several town- ships, wards, and boroughs of the State, at the spring elections, No township, ward, or borough shall elect uTore than two such officers, without the consent of a majority of the qualified electors thereof, given at an election for that purpose; and in cities cjntaining over fifty thou- sand inhabitants, but one alderman shall be elected in each ward. They must have resided in the district one yea,r immediately preceding their election. They are commissioned by the Governor, to serve for five years frona the first Monday of May next succeeding their election. 2. Any vacancy occurring bj^ refusal or neglect of the person elected to qualify, by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be tilled by the voters at the next election. 3. Elections may be contested in the court of quarter sessions, on pe- tition of twenty-five citizens of the district, five of whom must swear that the facts set forth are true. In case of a contest, the old j ustice holds over till it is decided. i. Justices and aldermen-elect must notify the prothonotary of their county, within thirty days after their election, of their intention to ac- cept the office, when he immediately informs the Secretary of the Com- monwealth, so that commissions may is^sue according to law. The com- missions must be recorded in the office for recording deeds, in the proper count_v, and take effect from their date. 5. In Philadelphia, there are elected, in lieu of aldermen, one magis- trate for every thirtj' thousand inhabitants, with police and civil juris- diction, and for the' same term as aldermen. Ttjey are elected on a general ticket, and each elector may vote for two thirds of the number to be elected at any one time. They receive a fixed salary, and all fees, fines, costs, &c., received by them are paid into the county treasury. 6. All justices, aldermen, and magistrates must keep their office within the township, borough, ward, or distr-ict for which they are elected. They must give such bond to the State as the law requires, not less than ?500, (unless they are freeholders,) approved by the cnurt. An action may be maintained on this bond at any time within eight years. 7. The duties of a justice of the peace are numerous and varied. He is placed as a peacemaker between his neighbors, and not to "give them law," stir up strife, or make business for himself. He should see to it that the law is so administered as to bring to those in his dis- trict all that is good, and to forbid all that is wong. He should be the man to whom the citizens Avould go for counsel and advice, and not as the avenger of the law. 8. Justices and aldermen have jurisdiction, concurrent with the courts of common pleas, of all actions arising from contracts, either express or implied, and of all actions of trespass and trover and conversion, where the sum demanded does not exceed 5300, except in cases of real contract, where the title to lands or tenements mav come ia question, or action on promise of marriage. They have no j urisdiction on a contract for the balance of purchase money due on land. In actions for rent in arrear, their jurisdiction is limited to $100. 134 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 9. In criminal matters, they have j arisdiction in all cases to take infor- mation, issue warrants of arrest, hear the prosecutor and his witnesses, and, if probable cavise appear against the defendant, to demand and take bail if the offense is bailable, or to commit to jail by warrant. 10. They also have jurisdiction in cases of offenses and misdemeanors, made such by act of Assembly, where they must be governed strictly by the law in each case. They have jurisdiction in cases of attachment of wages of persons for board not exceeding four weeks, and also in at- tachments generally. 11. Civil actions before a justice must begin by summons, except in cases of trespass or trover, or for recovery of money collected by a public officer, or for official misconduct. They must keep a docket, in which must appear the names of the parties to all actions, and a clear, brief minute of all the proceedings had, so as to be able to give a transcript when required. 12. Within twenty days after the judgment rendered, either party may appeal to the court of common pleas if the judgment is over $5 33, exclusive of costs, by giving bail. In case the judgment be for 15 33, or less, the case can be taken to the court on certiorari only, ■wliich goes onlj'' to the form and jurisdiction of the action, and not to ils merfts. In case of judgment by default, the defendant may ask for a rehearing within thirty days, on the ground of absence when the sum- mons was served, or of sickness of himself, or that he was prevented from attending by some unavoidable cause. When the defendant is a freeholder, or gives bail within thirty days, if the i udgment is above |5 33 and not more than $20, execution shall be stayed three months; when it is above PO and not more than $60, six months ; when it is above |60 and not more than |300, nine months. 13. If the judgment is for $5 33, or less, execution may issue at once. In cases of judgment on claims for work and labor done, execution may is'^ue at once, unless the defendant files an affidavit that he has a just defense, and that he does not ask for an appeal for the sake of delay. In such case, he may have an appeal by giving bail for debt and costs. 14. In all cases of summary conviction before a justice, alderman, or magistrate, or of judgment in a suit for a penalty, either party m.ay appeal to the proper court, on allowance of such court, on proper cause shown. PART THIRD. County and Township Officers. (135) (136) COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. CHAPTER XXXVIII. COUNTY OFFICERS. Some General Remarks. 1. County officers in Pennsylvania are sheriffs, prothonotaries, clerks of the court of quarter sessions, clerks of the orphans' court, clerks of the court of oyer and terminer, registers of wills, recorders of deeds, treasurers, district attornej-s, commissioners, auditors, poor directors, jury commissioners, coroners, and county surveyors, and such others as the law creates. They are chosen by the qualified voters at the gen- eral election, and hold their offices for three years from the first Mon- dav of January next succeeding the date of their election. Vacancies are filled by election or appointment, as the case may be. No person is eligible to any county office unless he has been a citizen and inhab- itant'of the county one year. 2. Prothonotaries, cieiks of the courts, registers, recorders, sheriffs, treasurers, and commissioners must keep their offices in the county seat. County officers receiving a salary must paj^ all fees received by them into the county or State treasury, as the law provides. In counties of over one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, all county officers are paid by salaries. 3. Any county officer who shall take or demand excessive fees, or fees other than those provided for by law, shall be liable to pay the party injured ^50, to be recovered as other debts of the same amount, on suit brought within six months after the act is done. And if any judge allows any officer any compensatory fees not specified in some act of Assembly in force at the time, it shall be considered a misdemeanor in office. Any person may refuse to pay fees to an officer until he makes out a bill of particulars and signs a receipt. 4. All officers whose fees are fixed by Jaw must have their fee bills posted in a conspicuous place in their office for the inspection of the public ; and any officer neglecting or refusing to do so is liable to a fine of $10, and double the amount of'any illegal fees charged, to be recov- ered as other debts. Any officer willfulW or fraudulently receiving or taking any reward or fee for executing his ofiicial duty n"ot allowed by law, or more than the law allows, is guilty of a misdemeanor in office, and on conviction shall be liable to a fine of §500, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, if indicted within two years after the commission of the oflense. 5. The following is the oath required to be taken by all county officers: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of this Commonwealth and that I will discharge the duties of my office with fidelity; that I have not paid or contributed, or promised to pay or contribute, either directly (137) 138 people's manual. or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing to procure my nomi- nation or election, (or appointment,) except for necessary and proper expenses expressly authorized by law; that I have not knowingly vio- lated any election law of this Commonwealth, or procured it to be done by others in my behalf; that I will not knowingly receive, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing for the performance or non-performance of any act or duty pertaining to my office other than the compensation allowed by law." Any person refusing to take this oath shall forfeit the office to which he has been elected, and any one convicted of swearing or affirming falsely in taking the same, or of violating it, shall be guilty of perjury, and be forever disqualified from holding any office of trust or profit within the State. 6. The "necessary and proper expenses" mentioned in the oath are declared by law to be, (1) printing and traveling expenses; (2) dissem- ination of information to the public; (3) political meetings, demonstra- tions, and conventions. The penalty for violating this law is a fine not exceeding $1,000, and imprisonment not exceeding one year, both or either, at the discretion of the court. Sheriffs. 7. The sheriff is the chief officer of the county. His duties are very important, though altogether ministerial. Before entering on the duties of his office, he must give bond to the State, with at least two sureties, to be approved by the court of common pleas of the county. After being recorded in the office for recording deeds, it is forwarded to the Secretary of the Commonwealth, in whose office it remains. This bond is to protect the State and all persons against any loss or injury on ac- count of the sherifi"s official conduct. It remains in force for ten years from its date. In Philadelphia only five. The amount of the sheriff's bond throughout the State, except Alle- gheny and Philadelphia counties, is as follows: In counties having 50,- 000 and less than 150,000 inhabitants, $25,000; in counties having 30,000 and not more than 50,000 inhabitants, $15,000; in counties having 10,000 and not more than 30,000 inhabitants, $10,000; in counties having less than 10,000 inhabitants, $8,000. 8. In case of the death of any sheriff before the expiration of his term, or of his removal from office for any cause, the coroner of the county executes the duties of the office until he receives notice that another sheriff has been duly commissioned. A vacancy in the office of sheriff is filled by appointment of the Gov- ernor, to continue until the next general election or until a successor is commissioned. A sheriff cannot be reelected until three years from the expiration of his last term. Their accounts are settled annually by the county auditors. 9. It is the duty of the sheriff to serve and execute all process issuing from the courts of the county, or their proper officers, directed to him, in the manner provided by law, making such return thereof as the law directs. It is not our purpose to go into the details of his duties in this respect. The sheriff of each county must give notice of the general election each year, either by advertisements posted in the most public places in every election district, or by advertisement in one or more newspapers in the county, to be published at least twenty days before the election. This advertisement is called the election proclamation, and must enu- merate the officers to be voted for, designate the place fixed by law for holding the election in each district, and give notice what classes of per- sons cannot serve as election officers. Paid by the county. 10. Before selling personal property on an execution, the sheriff must give at least six days' notice, by not less than six hand-bills, posted at such places as he deems best suited to give notice of the sale. COUNTY OFFICERS, 139 Before selling real estate on an execution, he must give notice of the sale by a reasonable number of hand-bills, one to be tixed on the pre- mises to be sold, and the others in the most public place in the count}', at least ten days before the sale ; these hand-bills must give notice of the sale, of the day and hour when, aud place where, it will be, and what real estate is to be sold, and where it is situated. He must also give notice of the sale in at least two newspapers of the county, setting forth the same facts as In the hand-bills, to be published during three successive weeks before the sale. The sherilf nuist execute a deed to the purchaser of all real estate sold by him, and deliver the same to him after it has been acknowledged in open court. 11. All notices to jurors are served by the sheriff. His duties relating to the selection of jurors and the execution of criminals must be done by him in person. These acts cannot be done by a deputy. All, or nearly all, other duties of the sheriff may be performed by a deputj^, but the sheriff is responsible for the acts of his deputies in the line of his ofltice. 12. Sheriffs and jailers have the custody of persons sentenced to im- prisonment in the county jails, see that they are kept safely, and over- see and direct the labors of such as are required to labor. Sheriffs and jailers are required by law to make annual reports to the Board of Pub- lic Charities, giving the number of prisoners, and such other informa- tion as the blanks fu'-nished them may require. In Philadelphia, there are many special laws relating to prisons and prisoners. Upon deliver- ing prisoners to the penitentiaries, sheriffs must take receipts from the wardens, and return the facts to the court where conviction and sentence Avere had. 13. Persons sentenced to be hanged must be executed by the sheriff within the jail-yard of the county where convicted ; and the sheriff shall invite a phj'sician, the district attorney, and twelve reputable citizens, to be selected by him, to be present; and, at the request of the criminal, he shall permit not exceeding two ministers of the gospel, and anj^ of his near relatives, to witness the execution; also, such of the sheriff's dei^uties as he may deem proper may be present. These isersons, and no others, shall be allowed to witness the execution. After the execu- tion, the sheriff must make oath or affirmation, in writing, that he exe- cuted the criminal, within the walls of the jail-yard, at the time desig- nated by the death-warrant of the Governor, which paper shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the court of oyer and terminer of the county, and a copy thereof to be publislied in two or more newspapers of the State, one of which must be xjublishedin the county where the criminal was executed. 14. It is a misdemeanor for any sheriff to voluntarily allow any pris- oner to escape, punishable by a fine not exceeding |500, and imprison- ment not exceeding five years, and to be dismissed from office. For gro^s negligence, Avhereby a prisoner escapes, asheriff is guilty of a mis- demeanor, and liable to a fine of $500, and imprisonment not exceeding one year. Anj'^ sheriff who shall willfullj'' and without reasonable cause refuse to execute any lawful process directed to him requiring the arrest or confinement of any person charged with or convicted of a criminal offense, or shall willfully or without reasonable excuse omit to execuie such process, whereby such person shall escajje, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, be sentenced to an imprisonment of not exceeding two years, and a fine not exceeding $500. 15. A fine not exceeding $100, and imprisonment not exceeding one year, is the penalty for obstructing legal process, or assaulting an officer, or refusing to assist a sheriff in executing his office in any criminal case, or in preserving the peace when called upon, or for assisting in the res- cue of a prisoner. For a statement of the salaries and fees received by sheriffs, see appendix. 140 /PEOPLE'S MANUAL. Protlionotaries. 16. The prothonotary is the chief nainisterial officer of the court of common pleas, and may be reelected. In many counties, (the less populous ones,) he is also clerk of the court of oj^er and terminer and quarter sessions, and of the orphans' court, as well as register of wills and recorder of deeds. In case of a vacancy in the office, it is tilled by the voters of the county at the next general election, for a term of three years. In the meantime the Governor appoints. Before assuming the duties of his office, he must give bond with one or more sureties, to be approved by the court of common pleas and the Governor, in such sum as the Governor shall determine, for the faithful performance of his duties, the proper disposition of all moneys coming into his hands, and the delivery of the books, seals, records, writings, and papers belonging to his office to his successor in proper condition. 17. Prothonotaries and clerks of the courts exercise in their several courts, in term time and vacation, the following pawers : I. Assign and affix the seal of the proper court to all writs and pro- cess, and to the exemplifications of all records and j^rocess therein. LI. Take bail in civil actions depending in the proper court. III. Enter judgments, at the instance of plaintiffs, upon the confes- sion of defendants. IV. Sign all j udgments. V. Take the acknowledgment of satisfaction of judgments or decrees entered on the records of the court. VI. Administer all necessary oaths and affirmations in conducting the business of their respective offices. 18. The prothonotary must keep an appearance docket, containing a concise statement, in proper order, of every action, amicable or other- wise, and a minute of every paper filed, motion, order, rule, or decree made in each case, in due sequence, and have the same ready for public inspection at all times. All judgments must be briefly entered by him in a separate docket for judgments only, indexed and adsected, with the names of plaintiffs and defendants alphabetically arranged, and the number and term written opposite each one. All actions of ejectment must be entered in separate dockets, contain- ing the proceedings in each case. All writs of execution, with the proceedings returned thereon, must be recorded in a series of dockets kept for that purpose alone, arranged in proper order, and with references to the original number of the case, term, and year, and previous writs in the same case. All judgments satisfied must be so marked on the appearance and judgment dockets, and, if by execution, on the execution docket also. The prothonotary must keep a separate docket for mechanics' liens, in which all proceedings relative thereto are entered. And he must keep such other books and dockets as the business of the court may re- quire, including minute books, issue list, argument list, equity docket, etc. 19. All entries of judgments and a,wards, by the prothonotary, must he so made that one shall followthe other in the order of time in which they were rendered, entered, or filed, giving the names of the parties, term and number of the case, date, and amount of the judgment. 20. Prothonotaries may enter judgment on a note, bond, or instru- ment of writing contain"^ing a Avarrant for confession of judgment, for the sum stated on its face (during the life of the defendant) with such conditions as it sets forth, without the agency of an attorney, or declara- tion filed. 21. Each prothonotary must record, in a book kept for that purpose, all accounts of assignees, trustees, sequestrators, and comnnttees, and all reports of auditors, and all accounts of distributions or appropria- tions by the sheriff. 22. They keep a partition docket, for the entry of all proceedings COUNTY OFFICERS. 141 relative to a proceeding for the partition of real estate. In short, they must keep, in proper form, in books or dockets prepared therefor, a full and accurate record of all the business transacced in their office, or by the court, necessary to be kept. 2'i. The prothonotary must enter, in a book kept for that purpose, the returns of general" elections held in the county, and lay before the courts, at the time lixed by law, the returns to be computed by them ; and after computation b}'^ the court, forward to the Secretary of the Commonwealtii such returns as the law requires. 24. In cotuities with less tlian one hundred and tii'ty thousand and more than ten thousand inhabitants, they retain all fees allowed them by law to the amount of §2,000, and necessary clerk-hire and stationery, and one half of all fees in excess of tliis amount ; the other half of the excess fees is paid into the State Treasury. In counties with less than 10,000 inhabitants, they retain all the fees allowed them by law. For further information as to fees, see chapter XXXIII, and appendix. 25. A i:)rothonotary has no right to receive payment of the debt and interest on a judgment. Such payment can only be made to the piain- tifl", his attorney, or agent. Clerks of Courts of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Ter- miner. 26. Clerks of quarter sessions and oyer and terinhier courts, when separate from the office of prothonotary, must have the same qualifica- tions as other county officers, and are commissioned by the Governor. In case of a vacancy, it is filled by the voters at the next general elec- tion for three years, until Avhich time it is filled by the Governor by ap- pointment. They must give bond to the State in the same manner as prolhonotaries. 27. Their general powers and duties are similar to those of the pro- thonotary, the difference being that while the prothonotaty is the ser- vant of the civil courts, they are the servants of the criminal courts. Thej^ keep the minutes and records of these courts, and muse be pres- ent at the trial of cases therein, to administer oaths to jurors and wit- nesses, swear constables, take recognizances, etc. For list of crimes triable in the court of oyer and terminer, see chapter XXXVII. When both offices are held by the same person, he must keep the records of the quarter sessions and oyer and terminer courts in separate and distinct dockets. The clerk of the quarter sessions must keep a road docket, wherein all proceedings relative to roads in the county must be entered, together with copies of the drafts of such roads. 28. When fines are imposed by the court for the use of the poor, the clerk of the quarter sessions must at once give written notice of the same to the constable of the township or borough interested, to be de- livered by the constable to the poor overseers. 29. In case of application for license to sell liquor, the clerk of the court of quarter sessions, in whose office the applications are filed, must give three weeks' notice thereof, in two newspapers of the proper county or city, in a list containing the names of the applicants, their place of residence, and the kind of license applied for. On pre.'enta- t ion to the clerk, by the applicant, of the treasurer's receipt for the license fee, the clerk shall issue to him his license certificate, and place the receipt on record. 30. Tbe clerk of quarter sessions must file in his office the annual re- ports or statements of all township auditors placed in his hands; and he is required, within fifteen days after the returns of township elec- tions are filed in his office, to certify to the county connnissioners a list of all assessors elected in the county. Ho records all returns of town- ship and borough elections. .31, The clerk of every criminal ourt is required by law to send to the Secretary of the Commonwealth, on or before the first day of Feb- 142 people's manual. ruary in each year, a full statement in detail of the criminal business of his court for the year ending on the 31st day of December next preced- ing, showing the number of bills laid before the several grand juries during the year, the number of "true bills" found, the number "ig- nored," the number of "presentments" made, the number of cases tried, the number of convictions and acquittals, the number of nonpros, entered, the nature of the ofienses charged in the indictments, the number and amount of the recognizances forfeited, and such other in- formation as they may think useful and proper to give. Clerks of courts in all counties of less than one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants retain all fees received by them to the amount of $2,000 and necessary clerk-hire and stationery, and one half of all in ex- cess of that amount, paying the other half into the State treasury. Clerks of the Orphans' Courts and Registers of Wills. 32. Clerks of orphans' courts and registers of wills are really the same officers, are elected in the same manner as other county officers, are commissioned by the Governor, and give bond to the State in the same manner as prothonotaries. They keep the records and dockets of the orphans' court, in which are entered all its transactions pertaining to the appointment, accounting, and discharge of guardians, administra- tors, and executors, and all other matters relating to the settlement, sale, or partition of the estates of decedents. 33. They issue letters testamentary to executors, letters of adminis- tration, and certificates to guardians appointed by the court. Before granting letters of administration, they must require proof of the day and hour of the decedent's d eath, and take bond with sureties in double the value of his personal property from the applicant. The following is the order of preference of persons entitled to admin- ister on the estate of a decedent : First, the widow, if any; second, the next of kin entitled to the residue of his estate. The mother is entitled before a sister of the half blood. Among children, the right does not belong to the eldest, but the register may choose between them. A brother of the half blood precedes a sister of the whole blood. A son who is a litigant against the estate is not entitled, nor any one else hav- ing an adverse interest. Any one having a preference may renounce in favor of the next. If no one of kin desires to administer, a stranger may. Those nearest in consanquinity witli the decedent have the pref- erence, and males over females. The register may revoke letters im- providently granted. If decedent was a married women, her husband is entitled to letters before all others. In all cases of administration with a will annexed, if there is a general residue of the estate bequeathed, the right to administer belongs to those entitled to the residue, and the register shall grant letters to such of them as he deems best qualified. If the executors named in a will, or the persons entitled to letters of administration, are all under twenty-one years of age, the register may grant administration to any other fit person, to be terminated at the in- stance of any one of them on arriving at full age. 34. A will must be proved by the oaths of two or more persons who were present at its execution, or, iu the absence or death of the sub- scribing witnesses, by proof of their handwriting. Witnesses need not always be subscribing witnesses. Any one who saw it executed is com- petent. At the instance of any one interested, the r.egister may issue a cita- tion to any one having possession or control of a will to produce it for probate, and if tliey withhold it more than fifteen days after service of the citation, they may be indicted for a misdemeanor. He may likewise issue a citation to any person alleged to be competent to prove a will, and if he neglects or refuses to appear for more than five days, the reg- ister may issue an attachment to compel his appearance. COUNTY OFFICERS. 143 No nuncupative will can be proved, or letters testamentary issued thereon, till fourteen da^'s after the testator's death, nor can such will be probated until process has been issued to call in the widow, if any, and others entitled to administer in case of intestacy, to contest the same if they wish. No^testimony to prove such will can be received after six niontlis from the time the will was made, unless such testimony, or its substance, was committed to writing within six days after the making of the will. 35. Copies of wills and testaments proved in any other State or county, according to the laws thereof, duly authenticated, may be probated be- fore any register, in the manner prescribed by law. 36. In case of a contest about the legality of a will, if a caveat is en- tered in writing against the register granting letters testamentary, he must enter a precept to the court of common pleas of the county where the legality of the will Avill be tried. 37. Letters testamentary and letters of administration are grantable only by the register of the county in which was the family or principal residence of the decedent at the time of his decease, or if he had no such residence, then by the register of the county where the principal part of his goods and estate are. When the executors named in a will renounce or refuse to act, tlie register may grant letters with it annexed, to the persons legally entitled if no will had been made, taking suffi- cient security. There are many other things connected with the granting of letters testamentary and letters of administration which we have not room to mention. 38. The register must give notice by advertisement in two newspapers of the county of all accounts of executors, administrators, and guardi- ans, filed in his office for settlement, giving the names of the account- ants and the capacity in which they are acting, and stating that their accounts will be presented to the orphans' court at a certain date for confirmation. This notice must be given at least once each week for four weeks before the session of the court at which tlie accounts are to be presented for confirmation. After being confirmed, these accounts and the proceedings had on them, with auditors' reports, are recorded by the register in a book kept for that purpose. 39. He nuist keep a minute-book, properly indexed, showing what papers are filed in his office, what collateral inheritance tax has been paid, and on what estates. He collects all collateral inheritance tax due the State from estates settled through his office, retaining five per cent, for his services, and making report to the Auditor General. All estates of over $250 in value, passing by will or under the intestate laws to any person other than the father, mother, husband, wife, son's wife or widow, or lineal descendants of the deceased, born in lawful wedlock, are sub- ject to a collateral inheritance tax of five per cent., to be paid to the State. 40. Registers are required to make and certify, under the seal of their office, true copies of all papers and proceedings in their office relating to any estate, when required by any person having an interest therein, and for the fees allowed by law; and for a neglect or refusal to do so, after tender of the legal fee, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor in office. 41. When a will is probated before a register, containing a bequest or legacy to a public corporate body, he must notify such body, within six months, of the amount and nature of the bequest, giving the names of the executors. 42. Registers of wills and clerks of the several orphans' courts must render an annual account to the Auditor General, and pay all money received by them and belonging to the State into the State Treasury. In all counties having less than 15150,000 inhabitants, they retain all fees received by them to the amount of ^2,000 and necessary clerk-hire and stationery, and one half of all in excess of that amount, paying the other half into the State Treasurv. 144 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. Kecorders of Deeds. 43. Recorders of deeds are qualified in the same manner, with the same remedies against them as against sheriffs, and before assuming the duties of the office, must give bond to the State in the same naanner and with the same conditions as prothonotaries. 44. After they have recorded any deed, or other instrument of writ- ing, wiiich, by the laws of the State, are allowed to be recorded in their office, tliey shall certify on the back thereof, under their hand and the seal of their office, the day on which it was entered, and the name or number of the book or roll in which it is entered. Deeds brought in for record must be entered in the order of presenta- tion, and the recorder must note, in a booli kept for that purpose, a description of every such deed, or other instrument, as soon as it is handed to him, with the date when presented. He must also give to the person leaving it for record a receipt containing this minute, with- out fee. For every neglect or refusal to comply with this requirement, he is liable to a fine of one hundred pounds, half to the Commonwealth and half to the person aggrieved. Pound, $2 66. 45. Every recorder appointing a deputy makes himself and his sure- ties accountable for the acts of such deputy. 46. All recorders have authority to take acknowledgments of deeds and all other writing required to be acknowledged before an officer. 47. In all counties having less than one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, they retain all fees received by them to the amount of $2,000 and necessary clerk-hire and office expenses, and one half of all in ex- cess of that amount, paying the other half into the State Treasury. County Treasurers. 48. Before entering upon the duties of his office, the county treasurer must give bond, witii one or more sureties, to be approved by the court of quarter sessions of the county, in such sum as the court shall deem sufficient, for the faithful discharge of his official duties and the proper disposition of all moneys coming into his hands. This bond is acknowl- edged and recorded by the i-ecorder of deeds of the county, and the original is transmitted to the Auditor General. The treasurer cannot be reelected until three years after the expiration of his last term of service. No Judge, clerk or prothonotary of any court, register of wills, recorder of deeds, county commissioner, or county auditor, is eligible to the office of county treasurer during their continuance in office, nor is any person who has been county commissioner eligible until one year after his term has expired ip said office. 49. When a vacancy occurs in the office of county treasitrer, the county commissioners till it by appointment, and the appointee must give like bond, and be subject to the same duties and penalties, as if he had been elected by the people. If the commissioners appoint a per- son incapable of holding the office, they are guilty of a misdemeanor, and liable to a tine of not less than $30 nor more than foOO. Every treasurer must give bonds to the State and to the county com- missioners, with satisfactory sureties, in such sum as the law requires, for the proper discharge of his duties and faithfully accounting for all moneys, etc., to be recorded in the office for recording deeds. A failure to transmit the proper bond to the Auditor General within one month after assuming his office will forfeit the same. If any of his sureties ber come insolvent, or are in failing circumstances, or die, or abscond, new bonds and sureties naay be required by the State Treasurer and county commissioners. 50. He receives and has the custody of all moneys paid to the county, and pays out the same on warrants or orders dravvn by the county com- missioners. He must keep a just and true account of all moneys re- ceived and disbursed by him, which is at all times open to the inspec- COUNTY OFPICEBS. 145 tion of the board of county commissioners, or any one of tliem. At the end of every three months, and oftener if required, he must furnish the county coumiissioners Avith a statement of all moneys received and dis- bursed since the date of his last statement, exhibitinj^ the balance re- maining in his hands, and giving the names of ail collectors in whose hands any arrearages of taxes remain, Avith the amount in each case. At the close of each j'ear, he must lay his whole account before the county commissioners for examination, to be laid by them before the county auditors for settlement according to law. 51. County treasurers are required to keep separate accounts of all moneys received for the use of the State, and on the tirsc of January, April^ July, and October, they must paj^ to the State Treasurer all mone^'S in their hands belonging to the State. (This also applies to ail other'county officers.) On failure to make such quarterly accounts and pay over all moneys in his hands, for a period of ten days after the first Monday of each quarter, li6-4nay be proceeded against as a de- faulter, and be removed by the court. 52. On complaint of the county commissioners that the county treas- urer is embezzling or improperly using the public funds, or that his sureties are insufficient, he may be required by the ourt to give addi- tional security or be removed from office. If convicted of misusing the public moneys, he is liable to the penalties attached to embezzlement- fine and imprisonment. 53. Their compensation, when not regulated by any special act of As- sembly, is a certain rate per cent, on all moneys received and paid out by them for the county, to be fixed from time to time (not oftener than once in each term) by the county commissioners, with the approbation of the county auditors. Their compensation for moneys received by them and paid to the State is as follows, on each separate account they are required to keep and settle : Five per cent, on the first thousand dollars, one per cent. on the second thousand dollars, and one half of one per cent, on all sums over two thousand dollars. 54. Any county treasurer neglecting or refusing to perform any duty required of him by law, shall, on conviction, be forthwith removed from office, and fined not exceeding $300. For making profit out of public money, they are liable to indictment as for embezzlement, and, on conviction, may be fined equal to the sum of money embezzled, and be imjDrisoned not exceeding five years, and shall be dismissed from office. 55. On the first of June in each year, they must make a list of all per- sons who have not paid their mercantile or other license assessed by the mercantile appraiser, and if the same be not paid on or before the first of July, they must bring action therefor before a justice of the peace, and press the same to judgment and execution as soon as practicable. On the last day of December of each year, they must make an account to the Auditor General, under oath, of all moneys received by them for the use of the State, and a failure to do so subjects them to indictment for a misdemeanor in office and a fine of 8100. 56. It is their dutj' to collect the taxes assessed on all unseated lands in the county, when tlie same are not paid to the several tax collectors, as well as on seated lands on which the tax cannot be collected by the tax collectors. This is done by exposing such lands to sale every second 3^ear, after first giving public notice of the same by advertising in two newspapers of the county'. Such advertisements jnust be published at least four times, and the first publication must be sixty da3's before the day of sale. The advertisements must give notice of the time and place of sale, and must state where each tract is located, the number of acres it contains, the names of the warrantees or owners, and the amount of taxes due on each tract. 57. This sale commences on the second Mondav of June, and is con- tinued from day to day until all the lands have been sold for enough to 10 146 people'^s manual. pay the taxes du.e and the expenses of sale. Any tracts that will not sell for enough to pay taxes and expenses are usually bid in by the county commissioners. To each purchaser the treasurer executes a deed in fee simple. If at any time within two years after such sale, the owners of such lands shall pay to the county treasurer the amount of taxes for which they were sold and expenses of sale, with twenty-five per cent, added thereto, the lands shall be returned to them. The twenty-live per cent, to be paid by the owners of the lands goes to the purchaser at the treasurer's sale for the use of his money; the taxes go to the county and the townships where the lands are located ; and clie expenses go to the treasurer as fees. If the tracts purchased by the county com- missioners are not redeemed within the time fixed bylaw, they are sold by them, after being again advertised, and the purchaser takes an ab- solute title. Unseated lands of minors may be redeemed at any time within two years after they come of age. In a few counties, this general law, relative to the sale of lands by county treasurers for taxes, is modified by special acts of Assembly. There are many questions connected with the subject that we do not touch, giving only the general outline of the treasurer's duty. By an act approved June 6, 1879, certain duties are imposed on county treasurers relative to receiving and disbursing military funds. When no military organization exists in the county, this money is to be dis- tributed to the school-districts, in proportion to the number of taxables therein for school purposes. The treasurer must pay to the State all taxes due for bonds issued by the county. County Commissioners. 58. The most important county oflicers in Pennsylvania, to the people of the county at large, are the county commissioners. They have charge of the general finances and business affairs of the county, and their ad- ministration directly affects every citizen and taxpayer, as well as the credit and prosperity of the county at large. The greatest care should alwaj's be taken to place in this office men of good judgment and good business qualifications, as well as men of the highest integrity. In electing county commissioners, each elector may vote for two, and the three receiving the highest number of votes are chosen. In case of a failure to elect, by reason of a tie vote or otherwise, or of a vacancy occurring at any time, the vacancy is filled by the court of common pleas, until the end of the term, by the appointment of an elector who voted for the commissioner whose place is to be filled. They are not commissioned by the Governor. They must give bonds for the use of the county, to be approved by the court of quarter sessions, in a sum not less than $2,000 each, to be recorded in the office for recording deeds, and the originals filed in the quarter sessions c6urt. Two of them shall form a board to transact business. A single commissioner can only act by authority of the board. 59. They appoint a suitable person as clerk, who keeps the books and accounts of the board, records or files their proceedings and papers, at- tests all orders and warrants issued by them, and discharges all other duties required of hiin. For these duties he receives such salary as the commissioners shall fix at their first meeting in each 3'ear. Copies of their proceedings, certified by the clerk, are evidence in any court in the State. The commissioners, as well as the clerk, have authority to administer oaths and affirmations in all matters pertaining to their offi- cial business. 60. At their first meeting in each year, they appoint an attorney for the board, a janitor for the court-house, and a physician for the jail, and fix their compensation. And just before the close of December of each year, they appoint a mercantile appraiser for the county. 61. At their first meeting after the general election in each year, they make an estimate of the probable expenses of the county.for the next COUNTY OFFICERS. 147 year, and as soon as practicable after the election of assessors in the various districts, issue to tliein their precept for the assessment. After assessors iiave returneti their assessments, the counnissioners have power to revise and correct them, by raisinj^ the valuation where it is too low, or lowering it where it is too hifi;ii. On these adjusted valuations, the counnissioners assess the county tax, apportioning to eacli district its share, according to its assessed valuation, but no tax can exceed one cent on the dollar on such valuation in any one year. The commissioners must assess and have collected all State taxes ap- portioned to the county b3' the board of revenue commissioners, and if the whole sum thereof is not collected and paid into the State Treasury before the second Tuesday of January of each year, the balance must be paid out of the county treasury. The commissioners must mal^e a return of all taxable property in the county to the Auditor General in each 3'ear of the triennial assessment. 62. After the valuation has been made and each person notified of his assessment, the commissioners fix a time for holding appeals, and give notice thereof by advertisement in one or more newspapers of the count^'^, for at least three weeks before the lime fixed therelbr, of the time and place for holding the same. In the triennial assessment year, these appeals are held in the various districts of the county, for the' con- venience of the taxpayers ; but in other years they are held in the com- missioner's ofiice. The assessors must attend" the appeals. At these appeals, any mistakes, irregularities, or injustice in any assessment may be corrected by the commissioners, but no abatement can be made in the valuation of real estate in any year but that of the triennial assessment, except when buildings or other improvements have since been destro3'ed. Corrections may be m.ade in assessments by the com- missioners at any time when they are in session previous to the pay- ment of the tax. 63. After the appeals are over and the corrections made in the assess- ments, the commi?sioneis make out the tax duplicates for the several districts, and place them in the hands of collectors, appointed bj'^ them- selves from the persons returned by the several assessors for that pur- pose, but they are not confined to these names. The collectors give bail in such amounts as the commissioners fix. Collectors receive from the commissioners a warrant authorizing them to collect the tax, and empowering them to collect the .same by distress, if necessary. Any per.sou refusing or neglecting to serve when appointed tax collector is liable to a tine of $50, unless he has served as such within ten years. The names of all collectors, and the amount of each duplicate, must be furnished to the county treasurer. 64. The connni.-sioners shall at all times make abatements and exon- erations to collectors for mistakes, indigent persons, misi^ated lands, (fee, keep a record of the sams, and give the collectors certificates thereof, to enable them to settle with the county treasurer. 65. All taxes are a first lien on the real estate on which levied, and collectors must return to the county commissioners, on or before Jan- uary 1 of each year, a list of all delinquents in their district, with a de- scription bj^ bounds of the property against which they are assessed, to be entered by the commissioners in a tax-lien book kept by them, after which taxes so entered shall be a lien for two years. 66. The county commissioners constitute a board of revision of assess- ments for the county. As soon as the several assessors have made their returns, they must make out, and publish in not less than two news- papers, for two weeks, a statement showing the aggregate value and assessments made by each assessor in the county, upon all property "taxable by law for county purposes, specif^'ing each class; and also showing the whole amount of taxes assessed on each district. And at the same time they must give notice of a da}', not later than thirty days from this notice, for finally determining whether any of the valuations of the assessors have been made below a just rate. (This applies to the triennial assessment.) 148 people's manual. This board of revision must examine and inquire Avhether the assess- ments have been made according to law, whether all property has been valued at a sum not less than it would bring, after full public notice, at a public sale, supposing it were to be soJd. They shall receive and consider any written communication of any taxable of the county, rela- tive to any property alleged to be valued too low. If they cannot con- clude this duty on the day appointed, they adjourn from day to day until it is discharged. For the proper discharge of this duty they must be sworn by the prothonotary. 67. The erection of all public buildings of the county, as coiirt-houses and jails, is under the direction of the county commissioners, as regu- lated by law. But no public building can be erected, nor any altera- tion, enlargement, or addition be made thereto without the consent of the grand jury being flfst obtained. When necessary for the erection of public buildings, they may borrow money under the restrictions im- posed by law, and issue bonds therefor, at a rate of interest not exceed- ing six per cent. They have charge of all matters relating to the erection and main- tenance of county bridges, giving contracts therelbr, and issuing orders on the county treasurer to pay for the same. In some counties, there are special provisions of law relative to keeping county bridges in re- pair. Commissioners cannot give contracts for the erection of public buildings, bridges, etc., without tirst advertising for sealed proposals for the same. No commissioner can be concerned either directly or in- directly in any public contract. 68. The commissioners must publish once a week for four successive weeks in February of each year, a full and accurate statement of the receipts and expenditures of the county for the preceding year, ending with December 31, in one or more newspapers of the county. This statement must show the sums paid by each district into the county treasury, and specify tliesums paid for support of prisoners, the insane, the pay of the commissioners and their clerk, erection and repair of bridges, interest on the county debt, election expenses, and all other classes of expenditures, giving each class separately. 69. The commissioners must send to the Secretary of Internal Affairs, on the first of June of each year, a tabular statement of all property in the county taxable for county purposes, showing the real and personal in separate columns, and showing the tax assessed for county purposes, and the debt of the county. 70. If they neglect or refuse to perform any official duty, they are each liable to a fine of |100 ; and a neglect or refusal to perform the duties required of them in the assessment or collection of any tax im- posed by laAV makes them liable, on conviction, to a fine of not less than 150 nor more than |200. It is tbeir duty to guard well the county treasury, and see that not a cent is paid out that is not authorized by law. To this end they should employ as their counsel an experienced attorney, and consult him in all cases where any doubt arises in their minds as to the liability of the county. Caution should be observed in the payment of costs in Com- ni )n wealth cases. 71. The commissioners must furnish to the election officers of every district in the county a sufficient and properly-arranged ballot-box, to receive and hold the ballots cast at any election therein, as well as all necessary papers and blanks for Jiolding the election and making the proper return thereof. This for both general and township elections. They must also furnish to the court of common pleas of the county the blanks required by law for making the returns of the county for State, judicial, and county officers. The expenses of all elections are borne by the county, and it is the duty of the commissioners to furnish to every election hoard all neces- s-iry stationery, Idanks, and instructions to election officers, and they should see that every board is furnished with a copy of a full and cona- COUNTY OFFICERS. 149 plete digest of the election laws of the State. They fix the amount to be jniid for room-rent, light, fuel, and incidental expenses of tlie differ- ent boards, and issue orders tiierefor on the countj^ treasury. 72. When any person is convicted of wantonly and willfully setting fire to any woodlands, the county commissioners shall pay to the pros- ecutor ?50 out of the county treasury, for the arrest and conviction of the offender, to be collected from the defendant as other costs. 73. On the recommendation of two thirds of the poor overseers of any county presented to the court of qua'ter ses-^ions, the question of pur- chasing lands and erecting a county poorhouse shall be submitted to the voters of the county, and if a majority of votes shall be cast there- for, the county commis>sio7iers shall (proceed to purchase the necessary lands, and erect suitable buildings for the proper accommodation of the paupers of the county. When a county is thus erected into a "poor- district," the office of poor overseer in the several districts thereof shall cease, the poor shall be cared for and supported in the county poorhouse, and the county connnissioners sliall have the care, management, and di- rection thereof. The treasurer of the countj^ shall be the treasurer of the poor-district, and shall receive and keep all moneys belonging to the district, and pay out the same on orders drawn by the commissTon- ers. His accounts therefor shall be audited by the county auditors, as his other accounts. The compensation of county commissioners was tixed, in 1834, by act of Assembly, at $1 50 per day. Since tlien special laws liave been passed, fixing their pay in every countj^ in the State, except perhaps one or two. Where they do not receive an annual salary, their average pay is about $3 00 a day, paid by orders drawn on the county treasurer by themselves. As to their pay in the several counties, see appendix. County Auditors. 74. Three county auditors are elected In each county every third year, in the same manner as county commissioners, and auy vacancy in the office is filled in the same manner, nntil the end of the term. No person holding the office of poor overseer, prison inspector, con- troller of public schools, member of the board of health, or who is em- ploj^ed in the Sheriff's office, county commissioner's office, county treas- urer's office, and no county treasurer, during his term of office or within two years after, is eligible to the office of county auditor. The penalty for neglecting or refusing to serve when elected or appointed is |100. Their pay was fixed at $1 50 a day by a law passed in 1834, but since that time special laws have been passed for most of the counties, increasing their pay to an average of about $2 50 a da3^ Their pay, and all ex- penses incident to their duty, including the clerk employed by them in making the annual settlement with the county officers and of the county finances, is paid by orders drawn on the county treasury by the com- missioners. As to their pay in the several counties, see appendix. 75. They are required to meet on the first Monday of January in each year, and at such other times as they may deem it necessary, to audit, settle, and adjus" the accounts of the commissioners, treasurer, sheriff, and coroner of the county. Any two, duly convened, shall constitute a quorum for the performance of their official duty. After having aud- ited these accounts, they must make report thereof in proper form to the court of common pleas, together with a statement of the balance due from or to each officer. They must also audit and adjust the ac- counts of the county treasurer with the State Treasurer, for all mone3's received for the use of the State, and make a report thereof (separate from the county report) to the court of common pleas, showing the bal- ances owing by or to the treasurer; and within ten days after preparing such report, send a certified copy thereof to the Auditor General. 76. That they may properly discharge this duty, they have power to issue subpoenas to these officers, their executors and administrators, and 150 people's manual. ail other persons needed as witnesses, and to compel their attendance by attachment ; and in like manner to compel the production of books, papers, and vouchers relating to such accounts. These subpoenas and attachments are served by the sheriff or coroner. They have authority to administer oaths and afiarmations in all mat- ters before them, and witnesses swearing falsely are guilty of perjury. They have authority to commit any person to jail who appears before them and refuses to be sworn or affirmed when required. It seems to be customary in most counties to include the accounts of the prothonotary, clerks of the courts, and district attorney in the an- nual settlement. By act of 1879, they are required to audit the accounts of directors of the poor, and treasurers and stewards of poorhouses. District Attorneys 77. A district attorney is elected for each county every three years. He is qualified like other county officers, and is ineligible to any other office during his term, except in the militia. In case of a temporary vacancy, the court appoints for the time of the vacancy, but in the event of death or removal the court appoints until the end of the term. The duties of district attorneys relate almost entirely to prosecutions under indictments. They represent the Commonwealth in all trials of persons for crimes and niisdemeauors. They are compensated by fees fixed by law. See appendix. Coroners. 78. A coroner is elected in each county for three years. Before he can be commissioned or enter upon his duties, he must give bond in one fourth the sum required of the sheriff, to be approved by the court of common pleas, to -'well and truly perform all and singular the duties to the said office of coroner appertaining." Th? bond must be recorded in the county, and then be sent to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. On the death or removal of the sheriff, the coroner shall fill the vacancy. If any person elected coroner nezlects to assume the dutiesof the office, it shall be treated as vacant, and filled by appointment of the Governor. 79. It is his duty to inquire into the cause and manner of the death of any person who is slain or dies suddenly in prison. To aid him in the inquest, he shall summon a jury of six good citizens of the county, to be sworn by him, to make inquisition, and finding according to the evi- dence adduced before them. The inquest must be held over the body. If the body cannot be found, no inquest can be held. The coroner must hear evidence on all hands, under oath, if offered. If the body be in- terred before the coroner comes, he must have it raised, which can be done within fourteen days or any convenient time. He must execute his office in person, and not bv deputy. In case of an unnatural death, it is the duty of the district authorities to notify the coroner, under pen- alty of indictment for neglect. The inquest must be held at the place where the death happened. 80. If any one be found guilty of homicide by this inquest, the coroner shall commit him to prison for trial. The whole of the inquisi- tion shall be certified under the hands and seals of the coroner and the .jurors, together with the evidence thereon, to the next court of oyer and terminer and quarter sessions of the peace. In Philadelphia, the coroner need not hold an inquest except in case of violent death, or of less than twenty-four hours' illness, wiaen no physician has attended. In a few counties in the State, coroners are authorized by law to ap- point deputies. Their compensation is by fees. In the absence of the coroner, an inquest may be held by a justice of the peace. For salaries and fees, see appendix. COUNTV OFFICERS. 151 County Surveyors. 81. A county surveyor is elected in each county every third year, in the same manner as slieriffs. A duplicate return of their election, as well as a certilied copy of their oath of office, must be filed in the office of the Secretary of Internal Affairs. The court of quarter sessions, on cause shown, has power to remove a county surveyor for neglect, re- fusal, incompetenc3', or inability to perform the duties of his office, or on conviction of an infamous crime or misdemeanor. They serve until their successors are qualified, but in case of a vacancy in the office, the court of quarter sessions fills it by appointment until the end of the term. Their duties lelate mainly to the survey and location of lands in the county claimed or owned under warrants from the State, and they are compensated bj^ fees. As to salary and fees, see appendix. Jury Commissioners. 82. Two jury commissioners are elected in each county every three years, each elector voting for but one. Their duties relate entirely to the selection of persons to serve as jurors in the several courts. 83. At least thirty days before the first term of court in each j^ear, the jurj^ commissioners of each county and the president judge,' or addi- tional law judge of the district, or a majority of them, meet at the county seat and select, alternately, from the list of qualified electors of the county a sufficient number of sober, intelligent, and judicious per- sons to serve as jurors during that year. These names are written on slips of paper, with the occupation and residence of the persons, folded and placed in the jury wheel which is then locked by the sheriff' and secured with sealing-wax, on which is placed the impression of the seals of the c>nnmissioners and the sheriff. The wheel is then placed in the custody of the county commissioners and the Sheriff retains the key. 84. When the sheriff' receives from the proper court a writ of venire, directing him to sunmion a certain number of jurors lor the next term of court, he notifies the jury commissioners, and they, without delay, draw from the wheel, after turning it so as to thoroughly intermix the names, as many names as the writ requires, destroying the slips drawn containing the names of persons known to be dead or absent. Neither the commissioners in the absence of the sheriff, nor the sheriff in the absence of the commissioners, shall open the wheel at any time ; nor shall any or all of them open it at any time except to deposit names therein, or draw a panel or panels of jurors therefrom, under a penalty of §500. 85. If the array has been quashed by the court for any irregularity, or on account of an unwarranted interference with the wheel, the jury commissioners and the judge, before mentioned, or a majority of them, shall meet at the county seat at least thirty days before the next term of court, and take out of the wheel all the names found therein, and make a new selection and put them in it for the balance of the current year. 86. The jury commissioners and the judge filling the jury wheel, must make and certify a list of the names placed in it bj' them, giving the name, residence, and occupation of each person, to be filed of record in the office of the prothonotary. 87. The names of privileged or exempted persons shall not be placed in tiie wheel, and the names of defaulting or excused jurors shall be returned thereto. Persons are liable to serve as jurors but once in each year, and the penalty for putting them in and drawing them more than once in a year is from $10 to $30. 88. The first twenty-three names drawn from the wheel each court constitute the grand jury, and the remaining names form the traverse jury. 152 people's manual. 89. The jury commissioners must furnisli two lists of names of jurors drawn, in alphabetical order, one for the sheriff and one for the pro- thonotary. The sheriff must summon the persons on the list at least ten days before the return day of the venire, and both lists must be posted in the respective ofifices of the sheriff and prothonotary for the inspection of the public. 90. Jury commissioners must serve, under a penalty of $100. A va- cancy in the office is filled by the president judge of the court. The pay of jury commissioners is f2 50 a day, and mileage of four cents a mile cir- cular. Their oath of oflSce, after being signed by them, is filed in the ofiice of the prothonotary. Directors of the Poor. 91. In several counties of the State, there are jDOorhouses, called homes for the destitute, managed by three officers called "directors of the home for the destitute," one to be elected each year by the voters of the county, at the general election. They have power "to make and ordain such ordinances, rules, and regulations as they shall think proper, con- venient, and necessary for the government, control, and support of these homes, and of the revenues thereto belonging, and all such per- sons as shall become inmates thereof, not contrary to law;" the rules to go into effect after being approved by the courts of quarter sessions of the respective counties. These directors receive and hold all the real estate belonging to these homes, and manage tliem in all respects as directed by law, receiving and caring for such indigent poor as may be committed to the homes from time to time by any two justices of the peace, in tine manner pre- scribed by the act of Assembly. They cannot be interested in any con- tract for furnishing supplies for the maintenance of the poor, or for the construction or improvement of the property under their control, under penalty of a fine not exceeding |500 and removal from office. They receive an annual salary of |100, and must each give a bond for the proper discharge of their duties, to be approved by the court of quarter sessions. Mercantile Appraisers. 92. On or before the 30th day of December of each year, the county commissioners of each county appoint a mercantile appraiser for the county for the next year. In Northampton and Philadelphia counties, they are appointed "^by the court of common pleas, and in Allegheny and Philadelphia counties tlie appointment is made in January. 93. It is the duty of the mercantile appraiser, after being duly sworn, to ascertain and assess all dealers in merchandise whose sales exceed $1,000, (and/eme sole dealers whose sales exceed $2,500,) brewers, dis- tillers, keepers of billiard saloons, bowling alleys or pool-rooms, brokers, auctioneers, wholesale liquor dealers, tavern keepers, restaur- ant or eating-house keepers, as directed by law. This appraisement is made during the first three months of the year. The appraiser must personally visit the place of business of every person assessed, and prepare and arrange his list according to the several classes, separating all the classes, and stating the township, borough, or ward where each one is located. When the appraisement is made, he must furnish to each person or firm assessed a written or printed notice of their clas"iti- cation, which must also state the time and place of holding the appeal. He receives for his services fiftv cents for each license granted in the county, to be collected and paid to him by the countv treasurer, and mileage at the rate of six cents for every mile traveled by him neces- sarily in making the appraisment. The mileaire is paid by the warrant of the Auditor General on the State Treasurer, issued on sworn accounts made to the Auditor General. COUNTY OFFICERS. 153 9i. After the appraisement has been completed, and the classitication made according to law, the mercantile appraiser nnist cause it to be published in two newspapers of the count}', representing different politic.'. 1 interests, selecting one of each party liaving the most general circulation. If a German paper is published in the county, tlien tlio publication sliall be in three papers, one of which must be German. 95. Retailers of merchandise are classitied and pay licenses as follows : Class. Sales not exceeding Tax. 14, $5,000 00 ?7 00 13, . . ; 10,000 00 10 00 12 15,000 00 12 50 11 20,000 00 15 00 10, 80,000 00 20 00 9, 40,000 00 25 00 8, 50,000 00 30 00 7, 60,000 00 40 00 6, 75,000 00 50 00 5, 85,000 00 60 00 4, 100,000 00 80 00 3, 200,000 00 100 00 2, 300,000 00 150 00 1, 500,000 00 200 00 A, 1,000,000 00 350 00 B 2,000,000 00 450 00 C, \ . . 3,000,000 00 600 00 D 4,000,000 00 800 00 E, 5,000,000 00 900 00 F, exceeding 5,000,000 00 1,000 00 Brewers and distillers are classified and taxed as folloAvs : Class. /Sales not exceeding Tax. 9, $1,000 00 $15 00 8, 5,000 00 25 00 7, 10,000 00 40 00 6, 15,000 00 50 00 5, 20,00a 00 60 00 4, 80,000 00 80 00 3, 50,000 00 100 00 2, 75,000 00 150 00 1, 100,000 00 200 00 Tavern-keepers are classified and taxed as follows : Class. Sales not exceeding ' Tax. 5, $4,000 00 $50 00 4, 6,000 00 100 00 3, 8,000 00 200 00 2, 10,000 00 400 00 1, exceeding 10,000 00 700 00 Restaurants and eating-houses are classified and taxed as follows : Class. Sales not exceeding Tax. 5, $3,000 00 $20 00 4, 5,000 00 30 00 3, 10,000 00 75 00 2, 15,000 00 125 00 1, 20,000 00 and upwards, 200 00 Wholesale liquor dealers are classified and taxed as follows : Class. Sales not exeeeding Tax. 13, $5,000 00 $25 00 12, 10,000 00 80 00 11, 15,000 00 ....... . 36 00 154 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. Class. Sales not exceeding Tax. 10, . 20,000 00 48 00 9, 30.000 00 60 00 8, 40,000 00 72 00 7 50,000 00 96 00 6, 60,000 00 120 00 5, 75,000 00 144 00 4, 85,000 00 192 00 3, 100,000 00 240 00 2, . 200,000 00 360 00 1, 300,000 00 and upwards, 480 00 96. Keepers of billiard-rooms, pool-rooms, and bowling-alleys, (nine or ten-pin alleys,) are taxed as lollows : For the first billiard-table, pool- table, or bowling-alley, |30 ; for each additional table or alley, ?10. Brokers and auctioneers pay a license fee at the rate of three per cent, on the amount of their annual busniess. Dealers in patent medicines are rated as retailers of merchandise. We omit further details relative to the duties of mercantile appraisers, and the law relating to this class of taxes. Each appraiser receives fulj instructions every year from the Auditor Geiieral. Auditors of Accounts of County Officers. 97. It is the duty of the court of common pleas of each county to ap- point at its last term in each year a competent person to examine and audit the accounts of all county officers who have received during the year any money belonging to the vState, except county treasurers. This auditor will carefully examine all the dockets, records, books, papers, and vouchers of these officers, and make a full and detailed statement of the amount of money each one has received during the year for the use of the State. The object of this auditor's appointment is to secure to the State ttie tax on deeds, wills, writs, appeals, &c., as well as col- lateral inheritance tax, and excess of fees of otiice. The report is made to the Auditor General, to assist him in his annual settlement of the ac- counts of county officers. In case of a failure of the court to appoint such an auditor, the Auditor General makes the appointment. Notaries Public. 98. Notaries public are appointed by the Governor for a term of three years, and confirmed by the Senate. In case of a vacancy, an appoint- ment may be made for the unexpired term. No stockholder, director, cashier, teller, clerk, or other officer in any banker banking institution, or in the employment thereof, or person holding or exercising any judicial office or appointment under the State, except in certain counties, or office or appointment of trust or profit under the United States, can be a notary public; nor can he hold the office in any city or county until he has resided therein one year, and in the State two j^ears. Before entering on the duties of their office, they must be sworn or affirmed to well and faithfully perform the duties thereof, and that they will support the Constitution of the State; and also give bond, them- selves in a sum not exceeding 600 pounds, with two sureties irra sum not exceeding 300 pounds each, to be fixed by the Governor, and recorded in the office for recording deeds. Each notary has a seal, with which he attests all his official acts. Their duties are, generally, to attest deeds, agreements, and other in- struments, tn give them authenticity ; to protest notes, bills of exchange, etc. ; to certify copies of agreements and other instruments ; to take ac- knowledgment of deeds and other instruments proper to be recorded ; to take acknowledgment of instruments of writing relating to com- COUNTY OFFICERS. 155 meree or navigation, snch as bills of sale, bottomries, etc. ; to administer oaths in all matters coming before them, and to take depositions, affi- davits, and the like. The fees authorized to be charged by them, to be found in the appendix, will largely indicate their duties. Tlie act of 1791 limited the number of notaries to six in Philadelphia, and three in eacli of the other counties of the State; but this number has been largely increased from time to time, and now one or more may be appointed in every town or place where there is a bank or savings in- stitution. Notaries are of very ancient origin. They were well known among the Romans, and exist now in everj^ European nation. Their acts have long been respected by the custom of merchants and by the courts of all nations. Their apjioiutment is a source of considerable revenue to the State, as each one ximst pay $25 to the State Treasurer before he can receive his commission. For amount of tax paid to the State by them, see Chapter XXXIII, "Subjects and Rates of Taxation ; " and for amount of fees allowed to be charged by them, see "appendix."' 156 people's manual. CHAPTER XXXIX. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. Soxne General Hemarks. ' 1. A township is a corporate body, with power to sue and be sued ; and the word "township" is a general term, including boroughs and all municipal divisions, where general reference is made to township officers. The rights and duties of township officers are the same, substantially, in all districts, whether townships, boroughs, wards, or cities. They all bear the same relation to the county. Where there is any exception to this rule, it is caused by some act of Assembly. The supervisors (or road commissioners) represent the township in its corporate capacity for all except school purposes. 2. New townships may be erected and old ones divided by the court of quarter sessions, on petition of the citizens thereof, after an election by tlie citizens of tlie territory proposed to be embraced in the new town- ship and the one from which the greatest number of inhabitants is to be taken. After the division of an old township and tlie erection of a new one, or the alteration of any township lines, the indebtedness of tlie townships affected may be adjusted by the court of common pleas of the county, sitting in equity, and the new township, or township receiving territory by such alteration of the boundary lines, shall pay such part of the in- debtedness as the court shall direct, to be levied on the taxables of the new township (or township receiving the territory) which belonged to the old township. Where townships are consolidated, the court has power to adjust the indebtedne&s incurred prior to the consolidation, in such a manner that only the property within the old territorial limits of each township shall be liable therefor. On the petition of twenty or more freeholders of a township to the court of quarter sessions, the court shall appoint three impartial com- missioners to view the districts pToposed to be annexed or consolidated, and if a majority of them report in favor of annexation or consolidation, the court will conflrm their report nisi, and order a special election to be held within sixty days of the date of such confirmation; and if a majority of the electors of all the districts vote in favor of the report, it shall be confirmed absolutely, and the place of election be fixed in the most populous of the townships thus consolidated. 3. The officers elected in each township are two supervisors, two overseers of the poor, three auditors, one constable, two justices of the peace, one assessor, (two assistant assessors every third year, ) one judge of election, two inspectors of election, one town clerk, six school-direc- tors. All tax-payers having a legal residence in the township, and the constitutional qualifications of electors, may vote for and hold these offices ; but females may be elected school-directors. All persons elected or appointed to anv township office, before enter- ing on their duties, must take and subscribe an oath or affirmation before some person havins: authority to administer oaths, to support the Con- stitution of the United States, and the State of Pennsylvania, and to perform their duties with fidelity. TOWIs'^SHir OFFICKRS. 157 The terms of all township officers (except school-directors, justices of the ])eace, and constables) begin on the tirst Monday in March. Township officers are elected on the third Tuesday of February. Assessors. 4. An assessor is elected in each township, borough, and ward every year, and, in the j'ear of the triennial assessment, two assistant assessors are elected. Within twenty days after their election or appointment, they must furnish to the county commissioners certified copies of the oaths or affirmations taken by them, to be filed in the commissioners' office. Persons elected or appointed to this office and refusing or neg- lecting to serve are liable to a fine of |50 for the use of the county. Vacancies in the office are tilled b}^ the appointment of the county com- missioners. They are paid for making the assessments such sum per day, and mileage, as the county commissioners think Just, for which the commissioners issue them orders on the county treasurer. 5. Having received the last adjusted valuation of their district, full instrvictions from the county commissioners, and being duly sworn, it is their duty to go from house to house, and assess all male i^ersons above the age of twenty-one years, and all others having assessable property' in the district. CFor a full list of property to be assessed, see Chapter XXXIII, " Rates and Subjects of Taxation. ") For purposes of taxation, the title to lands is in the person who has the deed or articles of agreement for purchase. When seated lands are partly in one township and jjartly in another, they must be assessed in the township where the mansion-house is situated. This does not apply where the mansion-house is in an incorporated city or borough, and the farm outside. When the township or borough line passes through the mansion-house, the owner may elect in writing in w^hich district his residence siiall be designated, to be filed in the commissioners' office, and shall be final. 6. All property is required to be assessed at its hona fide salable value. If the assessor has reason to suspect a false return of property in any case, he may make the assessment from the best means of in- formation within his reach, and persons feeling aggrieved may appeal to the county commissioners. Any assessor knowingly or intentionally omitting or refusing to assess any taxable property, or assessingthe same above or below its value, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on con- viction be liable to a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $200, and imprisonment not less than three nor more than twelve months. Be- tween the triennial assessments, they siiall re-assess estates improved by buildings or otherwise; allowance or abatement for buildings or im- provements destroyed since the last triennial assessment can only be made by the commissioners. 7. W^hen the transcript is received from the commissioners' clerk, the assessors must give written or printed notice, at least five days be- fore the day of appeal, to every taxable inhabitant of their respective districts, of the sum or amount with which they stand rated, and the rate of tax, and the time and place of the appeal, which the assessor shall attend. And when they make anj^ alterations in their assess- ments by reason of improvements, or where new names are added, they must notily the assessed, so they can attend the appeal. They must assist the supervisors and overseers in la3-ing township rates, and furnish them with a corrected copy of the last adjus-ted valuation. They must return to the county commissioners, in a separate list, all property within their districts exempted by law from taxation. (For statement of property exempt from taxation, see Chapter XXXIII.) 8. The assessors of the various districts are the offices tinder the law to make the registration of voters for election purposes. On the first Mon- day of June in each year, they must take up the transcript of the last 158 people's manual. preceding assessment, and proceed to add thereto the names of such voters as have moved into their districts, and erase the names of such as have moved out. To this end they must visit every dwelling, mak- ing careful inquiry, ascertaining on what ground newly assessed per- sons claim the right to vote. When this is done, they make up a list, in alphabetical order, of the male citizens thus registered, giving place of residence, (in cities and towns, street and number,) occupation, place of boarding, with whom living or working, and write " voter " opposite the name. Naturalized persons must show their certificates, unless they have voted in the dis- trict two years, and opposite their names is written the letter "N." When the person has declared his intention to be naturalized, and ex- pects to get his final papers before the next election, the letters " D. I." are written opposite his name. Where the person intends to be natur- alized one month before the next election, the declaration not being necessary, the letters "I. N." are written opposite his name. Persons voting on age are marked " age," and when they have come in since the last election they are marked " R." A separate list must be made of .all new assessments, and the list must be returned to the county commis- sioners forthwith. As soon as the duplicate list is returned to the assessor by the com- missioners, and before the first Monday of August, he must place one copy on the door of the election-house, and keep the other for free m- spection ; and he must add, from time to time, on application, the names of such as claim the right to vote, marking opposite every such name the letters " C. V. " He must be present at the election-house the sixty- third and sixty-second days before the general election, from ten, a. m., to three, p. M., and six to nine, p. M., to hear and act on all applications for registry, erasures, or corrections ; and on the following day he must make a return to the county commissioners of all the additions and cor- rections he has made to the list since his last return ; and from this re- turn the commissioners furnish the list of voters to the election officers. No one whose name is not on this list can vote without proving his right according to law. Assessors must attend all elections, to give information to the election board touching the right of persons to vote. 9. If any qualified elector complains to a law judge, before the elec- tion, of any illegal act of the assessor in registering, such assessor may be cited to appear before the judge, and, on hearing, the judge may order names to be added or stricken off, as j ustice requires, and may proceed by attachment, as in case of contempt. For any neglect or refusal to perform their duty in registering voters, the tine, on conviction, is $100. For knowingly assisting unqualified voters, or refusing to assess qualified ones, they are guilty of a misde- meanor, and, on conviction, may be fined not exceeding |1,000, and im- prisoned not exceeding two years, besides being liable in damages to the party aggrieved. Supervisors. 10. Within one month after their election, supervisors must give bond to the township, to be approved by the auditors, or the office shall be declared vacant, to be filled by the court of quarter sessions till the next election. If one alone qualifies, he may act till the vacancy is filled, but if both fail to qualify, the old supervisors hold over till their successors are duly qualified. Each supervisor may enter into a separate bond, when he shall be liable for hisown acts only. Bonds are collectible by law, if supervisors fail to pay over any balance found due within thirty da3'S. If any supervisor, who can do so, neglects or refuses to give the required bond, he is liable to a penalty of $20. 11. They must keep the roads and bridges in their townships in good repair, and open and build new ones, on orders from the court of quarter TOWNSniP OFFICERS. 159 sessions. For neglect or refusal to do this, they may be indicted. They must keep accounts, in a book provided tor that purpose, of all moneys received and expended bj' theni on behalf of the township, to be sworn to, and settled by the t(nvnslii|) auditors. They may lay a tax not exceeding one cent on the dollar (see Chapter XXXII 1) for the ordinarj^ purposes allowed by law, and an additional rate to pay a just debt due a former supervisor or overseer. Where other debts are to be paid, the creditors may secure an order from the court of quarter sessions, commanding tlie supervisors to levy a special tax for the purpose. In all cases, the assessment must be ou the last ad- justed valuation. 12. In districts where the del^t is more than two per cent, of the as- sessed valuation, or it is intended to increase it above that rate, super- visors, or poor-overseers, must publish in at least two newspapers of the county, most convenient thereto, annual statements of the funded and floating debt, the valuation of property, the assets of the district, and the date of the maturity of the funded debt, under a penalty of $1,000. 13. Supervisors and poor-overseers may jointly appoint a collector, who shall give bond to their satisfaction, but this shall not interfere with the right of the citizens to work out their road taxes— a right which can not be taken from tliem. Exonerations for road taxes may be made by supervisors where they deem it just and equitable. Exonerations for road taxes on unsealed lands must be claimed. of the county commis- sioners on or before February 1 of each year. When there is no township treasurer, supervisors collect and disburse the road tax. Our space will not permit us to give all the details of the law relating to supervisors and their duties. Suffice it to say that it is their duty to do all things necessary and proper to be done to open, re- pair, and maintain in good condition the public highways in their dis- tricts, and must levy, collect, and disburse the taxes allowed by law for this purpose, and are jiunishable by law for any neglect to do so. 14. They may allow persons not exceeding $5 annually for erecting and maintaining in good order a watering-trough by the side of the high- way ; and may allow persons, on account of their road tax, one dollar for every four shade trees set out along the highway, according to law, not to exceed one fourth of their annual tax. Supervisors discharge the duties of constable when that officer cannot serve. In a few counties of the State, there are three "road commissioners" in each township, who have charge of all matters pertaining to the public highways. Under different names, and in a little difl'erent man- ner, they discharge substantially the same duties as supervisors. Overseers of the Poor. 15. Overseers of the poor must give bond, and be sworn or affirmed, and have power to levy and collect liaxes for the support of the poor of their districts annually, nor exceeding one cent on each dollar of valu- ation. They nmst provide for every poor person having a legal settle- ment in the district applying to them for relief; and if any pauper not having a legal settlement therein applies for relief, they must care for him till his legal settlement is ascertained. If any pauper is able to work, they shall furnish him work according to his ability, such as working on the roads, or the like. If unable to work, they must sup- port them comfortably while they live, and bury them decently after their death, all at the expense of the district. The overseers are a corporation, and may receive, hold, and disburse property, both real and personal, coming by gift, grant, bequest, or otherwise, for the benefit of the poor of their district. They are elected, one each year, to serve two years. 16. If any poor-overseer shall neglect or refuse to perform any duty of his office, he may be convicted of a misdemeanor and fined not ex- ceeding $100. 160 people's manual. It is made the duty of overseers and directors of the poor to recover, for the use of their poor-districts, moneys bet on elections, and failing to do so, knowing the fact, they are guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, are liable to pay a sum not less than the amount of the bet, nor more than double the amount. Auditors. 17. Township and borough auditors are required to meet annually on the second Monday of March, to examine and audit the accounts of su- pervisors, poor-overseers, and other township officers, except school- directors. For the purpose of auditing the accounts of school-directors, they meet on the first Monday of June, and oftener if necessary. 18. Their reports, when completed, must be filed with the town clerk, if there be one, otherwise with the senior auditor, for inspection by all who may be concerned. A copy thereof shall be filed in the court of quarter sessions, and an itemized statement of the accounts of the town- ship officers must be published in one of the newspapers of the county having the largest circulation in the district, or by at least five written or printed handbills, posted in the most public places in the township within ten days after the settlement. 19. They have the same power and authority to obtain the attendance before them of parties and witnesses, and as to the production of books and papers, and to administer oaths aud affirmations, and to commit persons who refuse to testify, and admit other evidence when parties withhold books, papers, &g., as county auditors have. They cannot issue orders on township officers. 20. In addition to auditing the accounts of township olHcers, they are sworn as fence viewers. On receiving notice, they must, within five days, view and examine any line fence between disagreeing owners, and make out a certificate in writing, setting forth whether in their opinion the fence already built by one is sufficient, and, if not, what proportion of the expense of building a new fence, or repairing the old one, should be borne by each party; and in each case they must set forth the sum which, in their judgment, each party ought to pay to the other, in case he shall not repair or build his proportion of the fence. A copy of this certificate shall be delivered to each of the parties, and there is no appeal from their decision. For this service, they receive the same pay as for their services as auditors, to be paid by the delinquent, or in equal sums from both parties, as they shall decide to be just. If any party shall be delinquent in making or repairing his fence for ten days after a copy of the viewers' certificate is handed to him, those aggrieved may make or repair the fence, and bring suit before any jus- tice, and recover for work and labor done and materials furnished ; and either party may appeal as in other cases. The law of 1700 requires all corn-fields and grounds kept for inclo- sures to be well fenced with fences at least five feet high, of sufficient rails or logs, and close at the bottom. The owners of adjacent unim- proved lands cannot call upon each other to contribute to the cost of a division fence between them. Either one msLy, in such a case, erect a fence on his own land. The viewers have nothing to do with the line, or questions concerning the location of the fence. They cannot be called to view a fence between the first of November and the first of April next ensuing. Any viewer refusing to perform this duty forfeits $3 for every refusal to the party aggrieved, to be recovered as a common debt. 21. It is also the duty of township auditors to appraise the damage done by dogs to sheep-owners, in counties where sheep, torn or de- stroyed by dogs, are to be appraised ; and for this purpose they are re- quired to take the following oath before a justice of the peace : ' "I, . . . , do swear that I will, when called on for that purpose, faith- fully and impartially perform all and every of the duties enjoined on me by an act, entitled 'An act laying a tax on dogs in certain counties, TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 161 and for other purposes,' passed March 23, 1809, audits supplements." This oath the justice shall administer without lee, and give a certificate of it gratis. An}- two of them are autliorized to assess the damage to sheep, and certify the amount to the county commissioners, under their hands and seals, and the commissioners shall draw an order on tlie county treas- urer in favor of the person sustaining the damage, to be paid out of the fund in his hands for this purpose. They have a right, and it is their dut}'-, to inquire whether the owner of the sheep has a dog, or dogs, and report the fact to the commissioners, and if the owner has not made a true return to the assessor of his dogs, he sliall not be entitled to the valuation of his sheep made by the aud- itors. For their services in discharging this duty, tliey are entitled to the pay allowed by law for other duties. The paj^ of township auditors was fixed by law at |1 a day, to be paid out of the township funds, but in many counties it has been increased by special acts of Assembly, the increase being generally to $1 50 per day, but in some cases to a larger sum. See appendix. Town Clerk. 22. The town clerk serves the supervisors of the township as their clerk, and receives such compensation as they determine from time to time. He must provide suitable books for records, to be paid for out of the township funds, to be kept open by him at all times for public in- spection. For every search of this record, he is entitled to ten cents. When the finder of a stray shall deliver to him a particular descrip- tion of the color and marks, natural or artificial, of such stray or strays, in writing or other satisfactory way, he must enter the same in his record, for which he is entitled to receive the following fees: For every horse, fifty cents ; cattle, twenty-five cents ; sheep, six cents. For every neglect or refusal to do this, he forfeits |5. In districts where the road commissioners are controllers of the high- ways, and hold views, the town clerk must enter the reports of these views iu his record, with all the proceedings in each case. Township Treasurer. 23. When a township treasurer is elected, he must give such bond as will be satisfactory to the supervisors, for the faithful performance of his duties, properly accounting for all township moneys coming into his hands, and for the delivery to his successor of all books, papers, etc., belonging to the oflice, and paying over any balance in his hands to his successor. It is their duty to receive and keep safely all moneys coming to the township, from whatever source ; keep distinct accounts of moneys re- ceived from taxes and other sources, and payout moneys only on orders drawn by the supervisors. They must keep their accounts open at all times for inspection, and lay them before the township auditors each year for settlement, with the proper vouchers. For neglecting or refusing to perform any of the duties of their office, they are liable to a fine of $100 on conviction, and to be dismissed there- from. Their compensation is fixed by the supervisors, with the con- sent of the auditors, at a certain percentage on all township funds com- ing into their hands. Constables. 24. The constable is not strictly a township officer, yet most of his du ties belong thereto. His duties and relation to the township and the justices of the peace therein, are in many respects similar to those of 11 1G2 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. the sheriff to the county and its courts. He is elected to serve one year. Any freeholder elected or appointed to this office and refusing to serve is liable to aline of $10. Hemustappearat the next court of quarter ses- isions and accept or decline the office. If he has served in the ofiQce as a principal or deputy within fifteen years, or paid the penalty within that time, he shall be excused. He must give a bond of not less than $500 nor more than $3,000, as the court shall direct, for like purposes as the sheriff's bond, to be filed in the court of quarter sessions. Suits thereon must be brought within three years from the date of its approval. He can appoint no deputy without the approval of the court of quarter sessions, except in a civil suit, at the request and risk of the plaintiff. In case of intemperance or misconduct, on complaint made to the quarter sessions by affidavit, he may be made to give special bond, or be removed from office. 25. All writs, notices, warrants, and legal process generally, directed to him by a justice of the peace or a party to the proceeding, must be promptly served, according to law, and return made in writing, under oath. A warrant must be executed fortliwith and the defendant's body brought before the justice issuing it, unless the offense charged is bail- able, and defendant requests to be taken before a nearer justice to give bail for court. Writs and other process and papers may be given to any constable in the county, and served by him anywhere in the county, or, if a warrant, out of the county, by first having it indorsed by a justice in the county where executed. 26. He may levy on and sell personal property to satisfy any execu- tion from a justice, directed to him or placed in his hands,' first giving proper notice by at least three hand-bills, put up six days before the sale in the most public places in the township or district, stating time, place, and articles to be sold. He executes all landlords' warrants com- ing into his hands, following the directions of the law strictly, and, in case of sale, proceeding as on execution. After plaintift''s claim is sat- isfied, with the costs, he must return the surplus, if any, to the de- fendant. 27. If the defendant in an execution is entitled to the exemption of 1300, and demands it before the sale, the constable must summon three disinterested and competent persons to make the appraisement accord- ing to law. And in all cases of sale if a legal claim for taxes, rent, or labor is made, he must see that they are first paid out of the proceeds of the sale. Special proceedings may be had against a constable for negli- gence or making a false return ; and severe penalties are imposed on him for failing to pay over moneys made on execution, or otherwise. Neither they nor their deputies can buy at their own sales, directly or indirectly, under a severe penalty. 28. Constables must give at least ten days' notice of all township elec- tions, by ten or more handbills, either written or printed, posted in the most public places in the district. If this duty is neglected or refused by the constable, it must be performed by the supervisor or assessor, but the latter need give but five days' notice. The fee for giving this notice is $2. The constable must be in attendance at all elections to pre- serve the peace, and see that the polls are kept clear and free from dis- turbance. They must see that all public bars are kept closed during election day. For neglecting to keep the approach to the polls open on election day, they are liable, on conviction, to a tine of not less than $100, nor more than $1,000. They must report any disturbance at an election to the next court of quarter sessions, with the names of the wit- nesses to prove it, and for neglecting to do so may be fined not exceed- $100. They are entitled to $2 for attending at the general election, and $3 for attending at all other elections. 29. A constable as a peace officer has a right to arrest persons without warrant who are engaged in a riot or other breach of the peace, if delay would be dangerous. In the discharge of his duty as a peace officer, his TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 163 person is protecied by the law, and any assault made upon hiai then would be a serious offense, and severely punishable. He may call on ■ the citizens to assist hiui in suppressing a riot, and they are bound to do BO. Constables have authority to arrest vagrants and take them before a committing magistrate for examination and disjiosition. 30. Each constable must make a return to tlie court of quarter sessions of his county four times each year, under oath, in such form as the president judge of the district sliall prescribe. The return is made on a printed form, each item to be filled in by the constable. These re- turns vary some in the different counties, but usually embrace the fol- lowing heads : Names of retailers of liquors ; names of retailers of mer- cliandise ; condition of roads and bridges ; index boards, up or not; bastard children born ; game killed out of season ; fish caught or sold against law; bawdy or disorderly liouses ; gambling houses; disturb- ances at elections ; liquors sold without license ; liquors sold on election day ; liquors sold to persons forbidden by law. The return must be signed by the constable and sworn to before the clerk of the court. The penalty for neglecting to make this return is ?50 tine, and imprisonment not less tlian ten nor more than thirty days. The judges of the courts appoint constables, from time to time, to at- tend court and wait on the juries, their compensation to be fixed by law. Tax Collectors. 31. Collectors of county, and State taxes are appointed for each dis- trict in the county by tlie county commissioners, who are required to give bond unless they are freeholders to a sufficient amount. For refusing to serve, unless excused by reason of having served once in ten j^ears, or not being able to give bail, the penalty is $50. A collector who has proven a defaulter cannot be re-appointed. 32. Attached to their duplicate is a warrant signed by the county commissioners, so that if any one refuses to pay their tax within thirty days after it is demanded, the collecror may proceed by distress and sale to collect it, giving ten days' notice by at least three handbills. The levy should be made on goods enougli to pay the tax. and no more, for a grievous excess would make the collector a tresspasser. If goods enough cannot be found, the body of the delinquent may be taken to the county jail, unless a female, infant, or lunatic. The warrant is effective for two years from the date of signing. A warrant is a lien on the property only from the time the levy is made. 33. The goods and chattels of any person occupying any real estate are liable to distress and sale for taxes due and unpaid thereon, during his occupancy, the same as if they belonged to the owner of such real estate. The distress need not be made on tlie premises. And such goods are liable for taxes assessed before the tenant took possession. An owner's goods, or those of his tenant, are liable for distress for taxes assessed before he purchased. 3i. Collectors may appoint deputies, with the approbation of the county treasurer, the collectors and their sureties to be responsible. They must, within six weeks from the date of their warrant, pay all moneys then collected to the county treasurer, and make final settle- ment within three months from the time the duplicate is placed in their hands, on pain of being chargeable with the whole balance, except such exonerations as the commissioners may allow. 3^1. Collectors cannot take payment of taxes not assessed, nor where parties have been exonerated^ unless they voluntarily appear and tender payment, nor can they add names to the duplicate. A violation of this law subjects them to a fine of not more than $100, and removal from office. A collector cannot sue for taxes till after the expiration of his warrant, and then the statute of limitations will run against him. 164 PKOriiE'S MANUAL. When. property is sold by the sheriff, collectors should give notice of their claim for taxes before the sale. Their compensation is five per cent, on all taxes collected by them. It is often customary to make the constable of the district tax col- lector, but he has no more claim upon the position than any other citi- zen. Sohool-Directors. 36. Each township, borough, and city in the State constitutes a sep- arate school-district, but a borough may be connected with a township in such a way that the two shall form but one district. Each school- district is a corporation, known as the " school-district of . . . town- ship," or borough, as the case may be, with power to sue and be sued, &c. Each district has a board of six school-directors, except in cities, and in districts where the number is fixed by special law. They are elected to serve three years, two being elected each year. All citizens, women as well as men, are eligible to the office of school-director, and women may hold any office under the school laws of the State. 37. School-directors serve without compensation, and need not be sworn. They enter on their duties as soon as notified after their elec- tion by the constable. Their election may be contested on the petition of not less than ten qualified electors of the district, presented to the court of quarter sessions, which may confirm their election, or set it aside and order a new one. When there is a tie vote between candi- dates, they appear at the next meeting of the board and draw as many papers as there are candidates, and the one drawing the paper with the word "director" written on it shall be declared elected. 38. Any vacancy happening in the board shall be filled by the re- maining directors until the next spring election, Avhen it shall be filled by election for the unexpired term. If a director regularly elected re- fuses to attend a regular'meeting of the board, after being notified by the secretary in writing to appear and enter upon his duties, or after entering on the duties of his office shall neglect to attend two successive meetings of the board, unless prevented by absence from the district or sickness, or to act in his official capacity. when present at a meeting, the directors present may declare his seat vacant, and appoint another in his place until the next election. 39. If all the members of any board shall refuse to discharge their dutv, by levying the tax Yequired by law, and to open and keep open the schools, as far as the means of the district will permit, or neglect or refuse to perform any other duty required by law, their seats may be de- clared vacant and others be appointed by the court of quarter sessions, on complaint and petition, and due proof made by six citizens of the district. The only remedy against directors is by removal. All direct- ors are exempt from serving in any other township, city, or borough office, and from serving in the militia. The board must organize within ten days after the first of June of each year by electing a president, secretary, and treasurer. The treas- urer need not be a member of the board. The president and secretary have many duties to perform relative to levying the tax for the district, issuing orders, preparing dunlicates, making reports to the county and State superintendents, &c. 'if the president and secretary draw an order without authority, they are indictable, and if the board direct an order to be drawn for an unlawful purpose, they are indictable. 40. The board must hold at least one stated meeting in every three months. Four membeT-s are necessary to the transaction of all business, except to adjourn or fill vacancies. It requires four affirmative votes to levy the school-tax, to locate a school-house, or change or abandon a lo- cation, to appoint or dismiss a teacher, to fix the school-term, to adopt a course of study or select text-books, or to pass a resolution to pay for or sell any real estate. TO-WXSniP OFFICERS. 165 41. Boards of directors may borrow money at a rate of interest not exceeding six per cent., and issue bonds therefor in sums not less than $100; but tlie debt thus incurred must not exceed one half per cent, of the assessed valuation of the real estate of the district. A larger debt may be incurred by borrowing moue^^, on api)lication to the court of common pleas. 42. The board of directors of eacli district must establisli sufficient schools therein, i^roperly located, to accommodate every person in the district between six and twenty-one j^ears of age applying for admis- sion, and supply each building with all necessary accummodations. 43. They have a general supervision over the schools of the district when in session, and at least one director must visit each school once every mouth, and have the result of his visit entered on the minutes of the board. They employ all teachers for their district, fix their salaries, and may dismiss a teacher for incompetency, cruelty, negligence, or immorality. They direct what branches shall be taught in each school, grade the schools when necessarj"^, direct what text-books shall be used, and may suspend or expel pupils for bad conduct. They cannot change text- books oftener than once in three v^ears. 44. Collectors of school-taxes are api^ointed by the school-boards, and receive as compensation a sum not exceeding five per cent, on the amount collected by them. At the close of each school-year, the board of directors must furnish to the township or borough auditors a full certified statement, itemized, of all the receipts and expenditures of the district, with its assets and liabilities, with all books, papers, and vouchers relating thereto. After the same has been approved by the auditors, it must be entered in full on the minutes of the board, and be published in a condensed form by not less than ten written or printed handbills in the district, or in two newspapers of the county having the largest circulation among the cit- izens'interested. A fine of $300 is the penalty for neglecting these duties. For further information relative to schools and the common-school system of the State, see Chapter XXIV, "Department of Public In- struction," and Chajiter XXXIII, under the sub-head " School-Taxes." Justices of the Peace. 45. Justices of the peace are, in a certain sense, township officers, and are in nearly all cases classed as such, yet they form a part of the re- gular judicial system of the State, just as much as the judges of the courts. For this reason, and to make our treatment of the judicial de- partment of the State government complete, according to our plan, we devoted a chapter under that general head, (Chapter XXXVIII,) to j ustices of the peace, aldermen, and magistrates, to which the reader is here referred. Election Officers. 46. The election officers of each district consist of a judge and two in- spectors, and two clerks. The judge is voted for by all the electors of the district, and the candidate receiving the most votes shall be declared elected. Each elector can vote for but one candidate for inspector, and the two receiving the highest number of votes shall be declared elected. Each inspector may appoint one clerk. Where there is a tie vote for judge, the person receiving the highest vote for inspector shall appoint a judge. No person who holds, or lias held within two months preceding, any office of trust or profit under the United States, State, or municipal government, except a justice of the peace, alderman, or notary, or in the militia, can sit on the election board. No election officer is eligible 166 people's manual. to any office voted, for while he is on the board, except township offices. Vacancies existing by reason of disqualiti cation, or otherwise, may be filled by the court of common pleas, but inspectors thus appointed must be of opposite political parties. Two overseers of election may be appointed by the court of common pleas in certain contingencies, but must belong to different political parties. 47. Elections must be opened at seven o'clock in the morning and be closed at seven o'clock in the evening. At the time for opening the polls, if a vacancy exist in the office of minority inspector, the person who received the second highest number of votes for judge at the last election for judge shall act as such, and if the majority inspector is ab- sent, the judge shall appoint one in his place. If the judge is absent, the inspector who received the highest number of votes shall appoint a judge. If a vacancy exist one hour after the time to open the polls, the electors present shall elect one of their number to fill it. If a clerk be absent, the inspector who appointed him shall fill the vacancy. When any vacancy on the board is filled, the appointee shall serve till the end of the term. Election officers serve but one year. 48. Before opening the polls, the election officers must all be sworn, either by a justice of the peace, alderman, or judge, or the minority in- spector may swear the judge of election, and he shall swear the rest. A copy of the oath to be taken by each is furnished with the election, papers by the county commissioners, and, after being properly filled up and subscribed by the respective officers, in duplicate, one of each shall be placed in the ballot-box with the tickets when the election is concluded, and the others shall be inclosed with the election returns. 49. If any j udge or minority inspector refuses or fails to swear the elec- tion officer's in the presence of each other, if any officer shall act without being duly sworn, or shall sign the oath without being sworn, or if any judge or minority inspector shall certify that any officer was sworn when he was not, the same shall, in each case, be deemed a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, the officer so offending shall be fined not exceeding ^1,000 and be imprisoned one year, or both at the discretion of the court. 50. When the election is concluded, the votes counted, and the returns made out and signed, the names of the candidates voted for, with the number of votes received by each, shall be written out in full, signed by the election officers, and placed on the outside of the door of the election-house; and when the tickets are placed in the ballot-box, with the oaths, it shall be securely closed, as directed by law, and the judge and minority ins]3ector shall deliver it to the person designated as its custodian. 51. The compensation of election officers in most counties is |1 50 per day, to be paid out of the county treasury on the order of the county commissioners. In a few counties the pay is higher. For a full and detailed statement of the law relating to elections, see Digest of Election Laws of Pennsylvania, published by Lane S. Hart, Harrisburg. Price, fifteen cents. A copy of this little book should be in the hands of every election officer in the State. General Borough. Laws. 52. With the following summary of the law relating to the incorpora- tion of boroughs, and the apiaointment, election, duties, and powers of borough officers, we conclude what we have to say relative to township officers : The several courts of quarter sessions have power to incorporate bor- oughs whose applications shall have been laid before the grand jury and approved three months before, and been advertised at least thirty days in one newspaper of the county before the petition shall have been presented. The same course must be pursued in case of change of limits. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 167 The application must be signed bj"- a majority of the freeholders re- siding iu the district applying, and must sen forth the name of the pro- posed borough, with a particular description of tlie boundaries tliereof, exhibiting the courses and distances in words at length, and be accom- panied with a plot or draft. 53. All borough charters mu«t contain: (1) the corporate style and title of the borough; (2) the boundaries; (3) the time and place of holding the election. 54. The courts, with the concurrence of the grand jury, may alter or annul any borougli charter on petition of two thirds of the taxable in- habitants' thereof, after like proceedings as in case of chartering. 55. Boroughs shall be limited to hold real and personal estate not ex- ceeding the yearly value of $3,000. 56. The burgess and town council have power and are required, on petition of twenty or more freehold owners of lots or out-lots, or other tracts of land lying adjacent to their borough, to declare by ordinance the admission of the section on which said petitioners and others reside, and it shall thereafter be a part of the borough, and subject to its juris- diction and laws. The conditions must be carried out strictly. 57. The court of quarter sessions, on complaint of persons owning farming lands adjacent to a borough, but projaosed to be embraced therein, may exclude the same, and for this purpose modify or change such boundaries. Where borough authorities propose to extend the borougli limits, they shall file a plan of the extension in the court of quarter sessions, and publish notice of their intention in at least two newspapers of the county. Any citizen of the borough orof the territory proposed to be annexed may appeal from the ordinance of extension, within thirty days of the tiling of the plan, and the court will then use its discretion in the matter. 58. When territory is taken into a borough, the same remains liable for its proportion of tlie debt of the township from which it was taken, to be levied by the borough authorities and paid to the township. 69. The corporate powers of a borough are as follows: To have succession by its corporate name perpetually. To sue and be sued in all courts. To make and use a common seal, and alter it at pleasure. To hold, purchase, and convey real and personal estate for borough purposes within the charter limits. 60i The following jjowers shall be vested in the officers designated in ' the charter : To make ordinances and regulations not inconsistent with the laws of the State, as they shall deem necessary for the government of the bor- ough. To survey, lay out, and establish such roads, streets, alleys, lanes, and sewers as aVe necessary, and to provide for and ordain the straightening and widening of the same, and to prohibit the erection or construction ofam^ building or work, excavation, or other obstruction to the open- ing, widening, and convenient use thereof. To regulate the foregoing, and all courts, public squares, common grounds, foot-walks, pavements, gutters, culverts, drains, and all per- taining thereto. To require and direct the grading, curbing, paving, and guttering of the side and foot-walks by the owners of the lots of ground on which they front, or to cause the same to be done at the expense of the owners failing to do it within the time specified by the regulations, and to col- lect the cost of the work and materials, Avith twenty per cent, penalty, the debt to be recovered as mechanics' liens are recoverable. To make regulations respecting the foundations of party walls of buildinos, vaults, cess-pools, sinks, drains, and partition fences. To enter upon premises for the performance of their duties. 168 people's manual. To regulate and prohibit the running at large of cattle, horses, swine, and other animals, and to seize them for the benefit of the borough. To authorize the killing of dogs running at large contrary to the regu- lations. To make all needful regulations concernine the markets, peddling, and the inspection and mtasurement or weight of cord-wood, hay, coal, and otiier articles offered for sale. To regulate annually the scales, weights, and measures within the borough, according to the standard of the State. To prohibit and remove all obstructions of the highways, or nuisances ■within the borough, or cause it to be done at the expense of the owners, with twenty per cent, penalty, as in the case of sidewalks. To prohibit any noxious trade within the borough, or any manufac- ture, sale, or exposure of fire-works, or other inflammable and danger- ous articles, and to fix limits of quantities that may be kept in one place. To make regulations relative to the accumulation of manure, com- post and the like in stable-yards, and prevent the keeping of hogs within the borougli or such limits as they may prescribe. To prohibit within the borough the burial of deceased persons, or fix limits for the same, and regulate the depth of graves. To make regulations necessary for the healtli and cleanliness of the borough. To prescribe fire rules and limits, and authorize the purchase of fire- engines and the payment of fire companies. To regulate and prohibit the exhibition of shows, plays, jugglerSj mountebanks, and all others of the same sort. To establish a night-watch, to light the streets, to provide a supply of water for the use of the inhabitants, to make all needful regulatioiis for the protection of the pipes, lamps, reservoirs, and other apparatus. To impose fines and penalties, to remit the same, to provide or erect a lock-up house for the temporary detention of persons committed by the proper corporate oflicers or by justices within the borough: Pro- vided, No person shall be confined therein longer than forty-eight hours at a time. To appoint and remove such officers, prescribe their duties and pay, as may be necessary for the peace, order, and well-being of the inhab- itants, and to enforce the regulations. To levy and collect annually, for borough purposes, any tax not ex- ceeding one half cent on the dollar of valuation for county purposes, all property, offices, professions, and persons taxable for county rates and levies, to be taxable for borough purposes. To levy and collect annually a tax on dogs and bitches, %l on the former and |2 on the latter, for the first one, and in such ratio as they deem proper for any additional number. To borrow money for the use of the borough, not exceeding one per cent, on the dollar of the whole valuation, real and personal, of the property in the borough, and issue certificates of indebtedness at no higher rate of interest than six per cent., and sell them at not less than par, the loan to be liable to no tax except by the State. 61. The officers of a borough are a burgess, (with the general powers of a justice of the peace,) six town-councilmen, two overseers of the poor, three auditors, one constable, one high constable, and such others as the charter may specially provide. Each borough forms a separate election district, and, of course, elects the same election officers as a township ; and when divided into wards, each ward forms a separate election district, with its election officers, and corresponds in all respects to the townshii3, with its separate township oflicers. A city is only a large borough, with some modifications as to officers and their duties. 62. Every male citizen wdio has resided in the borough six months preceding an election for borough olflcers, and has paid a borough tax within one year, can vote at such election, if he has the qualifications TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 169 required by the Constitution. All electors of the borough are eligible to any borough office. 63. "Tlie burgess and town council may submit to a vote of the elec- tors whether they will have a "gas tax," "water tax," or " kerosene tax," or not. 64. The borough authorities cannot take private property for public purposes without the consent of the owners, or untU just compensa- tion has been made for the same, according to law. (170) PAET FOURTH. [APPENDIX.] Salaries and Fees of Officers. fl71) (172) SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. [APPENDIX.] CHAPTER XL. SALARIES AND FEES OF COUNTY, TOWNSHIP, AND BOROUGH OFFICERS, AND NOTARIES PUBLIC. Section 1. The fifth section of the fourteenth article of the Constitu- tion reads as follows: "The compensation of county officers shall be regulated by law, and all county officers who are, or may be, salaried, shall pa3' all fees which they are, or may be, authorized to receive into the county or State, as may be directed by law. In counties containing over one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, all county officers shall be paid by salary, and the salary of any such officer and his clerks, heretofore paid by fees, shall not exceed the aggregate amount of fees earned during his term and collected by or for him." In pursuance of this provision of the Constitution, an act was passed June 13, 1883, P. L., p. 113, fixing the salaries of county officers in coun- ties containing over five hundred thousand inhabitants, as follows : District attorney, . . .$10,000 First assistant district attorney, 5,000 Second assistant district attorney, 4,000 Third assistant district attorney, 3,000 Sheriff, 15,000 Coroner, 5,000 Deputy coroner, 2,500 Prothonotary, 10,000 Clerk of quarter sessions and oyer and terminer, 5,000 Recorder of deeds, 10,000 Register of wills, 5,000 Treasurer, 10,000 Commissioners, each 5,000 Controller, 8,000 This act applies to Philadelphia county alone. Section 2. By act of May 11, 1881, (P. L., page 21,) the salaries of county officers in counties having less than five hundred thousand and more than three hundred thousand inhabitants, are fixed as follows: District attorney, |5,000 Assistant district attorney, 2,000 Sherifi; 6,500 Coroner, 2,500 Prothonotary, 6,000 Clerk of the courts, 4,500 Register of wills 4,000 Recorder of deeds, 5,000 County controller, 4,000 County engineer, 2,500 County surveyor 2,000 (When the offices of engineer and surveyor are held by the same person, he receives $2,500 only.) (173) 174 people's manual. Treasurer, 5,000 Commissioners, each 2,500' Auditors, each 500 County solicitor, 800 County jailer, 2,500 County detective, 1,200 And these salaries shall not be affected by increase or decrease of pop- ulation. This act applies to Allegheny county alone. Section 3. By act of June 22, 1883, (P. L., page 143,) the salaries of county officers in counties having over one hundred thousand and not exceeding one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, are fixed as fol- lows: District attorney, $3,000 Sheriff, 4,000 Prothonotary, 3,000 Clerk of the orphans' court, 2,000 Clerk of quarter sessions and oyer and terminer, 2,000 Register of wills, 2,500 Recorder of deeds, 3,000 Treasurer, ' 3,000 County surveyor, 150 Commissioners, each 1,000 Auditors, each 250 County solicitor, . 500 Directors of the poor, each 800 But when amount expended for out-door relief is $25, 000 a year or less, then only |500 each; and where there are more than three directors, only $250 each. Jury commissioners, each 250 County jailer, 1,200 Coroner, 1,000 Where the office of register and clerk of the orphans' court are held by the same person, his salary shall be $3,000 only ; and where the office of clerk of the quarter sessions and oyer and terminer are held by the same person, his salary shall be $2,500 only. This act applies to Berks, Lancaster, Luzerne, and Schuylkill counties. In the remaining counties of ttie State, not affected by the foregoing acts fixing the salaries of county officers, all county officers are com- pensated by fees, as set forth in the following pages. In each county where the county officers are paid by fixed salaries, the deputies, clerks, etc., are also paid fixed salaries, and the number of such deputies, clerks, etc., and the amount of their salaries, are fixed in each county by a board constituted as prescribed by the several acts of Assembly relating thereto. Note.— This chapter on " Salaries and Fees of Officers," from the be- ginning of section 4 to the end, was prepared about January, 1879, with great care. Since then the salaries of county officers in Allegheny and Philadelphia counties have been changed, and the act has been passed fixing the salaries of county officers in Berks, Lancaster, Luzerne, and Schuylkill counties. Wherever, therefore, in sections 5 and following, the salaries of officers in these six counties differ from those given in sections 1, 2, and 3. the salaries in sections 1, 2, and 3 are to be taken. The act of 1883, fixing the salaries of county officers in counties con- taining more than one hundred thousand, and not exceeding one hunr dred and fifty thousand inhabitants, does not change the law requiring fifty per cent, of the fees received by sheriffs, prothonotaries, clerks of courts, registers of wills, and recorders of deeds in these counties, after paying certain expenses, to be paid to the State. We do not give the fees allowed to be charged by county officers in Philadelphia, as they concern no portion of the State but that county. SAIiABIES AND FKES OF OFFICERS. 175 With the exceptions above noted, the following fee-bill will be found to be correct and lull for every county in the State. ]\otaries Public. Section 4. The fees to be received by notaries public are as follows : Protest of a bill of exchange, registering seal and other services, $1. Attesting letter of attorney and seal, 50 cents. Notarial affidavit to an account, under seal, 25 cents. Registering foreign sea protest, $1. Registering copy of each protest, 12i cents. Registering foreign bill protested, w'ith certificate, 50 cents. Registermg protest of a bill of exchange or promissory note for non- acceptance or non-payment, 25 cents. Entering or noting sea protest, to be deducted from the legal charge for the protest, if extended, ?!1. Noting a bill of exchange, note, or thing properly protestable, either for non-acceptance or non- paj'nient, 374 cents. Drawing and taking proof of the acknowledgment of a bill of sale, bottomry, mortgage, or hyiDothecation of a vessel or charter party, $1. Certifying power of attorney for transferring and selling stock or other securities, 25 cents. Drawing and certifying affidavit, $1. Each oath or affirmation, 12^ cents. Notarial procuration, under'seal, 75 cents. Letter of attorney for transferring stock or other securities, and cer- tifj'ing the same, 50 cents. Drawing and taking acknowledgment or proof of substitution to a letter of attorney, §1. Being present' at demand, tender, or deposit, and noting the same, 50 cents. Certificate of copies ready made, 50 cents. Comparing the same for every one hundred words, 7 cents. Certificates of stales at auction, 30 cents. Taldng proof of debts to be sent abroad, proof and acknowledgment of letters of attorney for receiving and transferring public securities, eacli(c) 50 cents. Taldng depositions and affidavits, taking and receiving acknowledg- ment or proof of all deeds, conveyances, mortgages, or other instruments of w^riting touching or concerning any lands, tenements, or heredita- ments situate, lying, and being in any part of this State, the same fees allowed at date of joassage of act, to aldermen and justices of the peace for similar service, (d) which fees are as follows, to wit : Administering oath or affirmation, 10 cents. Every acknowledgment or larobate of deed or other instrument of writing, 20 cents. Taking deposition every ten words, (e) 1 cent, except in the following counties, where their fees for administering an oath or affirmation is 20 cents, and for every acknowledgment or probate of a deed or other in- strument of writing, '/o cents, viz : Berks, (.17) Bucks, (g) Cambria, (h) Chester, (/«) Cumberland, (/) Franklin, (/) Fulton, (/) Jefferson, (,(/) Lancaster, (/) Montgomery, (i) Philadelptiia, (A) and Warren, (j) also, Washington countj^ where their fees for administering an oath or affirmation is 6 cents. For taking acknowledgment or probate of deed or other instrument of writing, 25 cents. (a) Act of 1853, § 9, P. I^. p. 167. (g) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 365, and act (6) Act of 1S72, § 4, P. L. p. 122. of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 539. (C) Act of 1SI4, § 16, P. L. p. 362. (70 Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 539. (d) Act of 18S4, § 2, P. L. p. 962 (I) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 347, and act of (e) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 229. 1864, P. I., p. 365. (/) Act of 1834, § 1, P. I., p. 823. (J) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 322. 176 people's manual. For taking depositions, every ten words, (a) 1 cent. In Alleglien3'' county, the fees of notaries public are as follows, viz : Making- demand for payment or acceptance of a promissory note, bill of exchange, draft, or check, 50 cents. Protesting the same, 50 cents. Registering protest of the same, 50 cents. Each notice of protest, exceeding two, 10 cents. Administering oaths or affidavit, writing out and certifying the same, with seal, ^1. Probate to bill or account, and certifying the same, with seal, 50 cents. Acknowledgment or probate of deed or other instrument of writing, for first name, 50 cents. Eacli additional name after the first, 25 cents. Taking depositions, (first page, folio cap,) $1. Taking deposition each additional page, 75 cents. Marine protests, including affidavits, certificate, seal, et cetera, (b) ?10. In the following counties, their fees for all services, except the taking of acloiowledgments, are increased fifty per centum, viz: Bedford, (c) Berks, (cZ) Blair, (e) Cameron, (/) Centre, (<;) Clinton, (A) Columbia, (t) Daui3hin,(j) Delaware, (c) Fulton, (c) Lackawanna, (^-) Lancaster, (A) Lebanon, ( j) Luzerne, (/c) Lycoming, (,(7) Montour, (Z) Nortliampton. (?/i) Philadelijhia, (tc) Snyder, (o) Somerset, (c) Westmoreland, (^>) and Wj^oming ; (q) and in the following counties tlieir fees are increased twenty-five per centum, viz : Erie, (r) Northumberland, (s) Schuyl- kill, («) and York.(M) County Officers. Treasurers.— General Provisions. Seotion 5. The compensation of each county treasurer, for services on behalf of the county, is fixed by the county commissioners, with the approbation of the county auditors ;(?;) and where they fail to fix the same, an appeal may be taken to the court of common pleas, which is empowered to fix the compensation, (w)* For moneys received on behalf of the Commonwealth, he is entitled to commissions, as follows : Five per cent, on the first thousand dollars accounted for, and paid over ; one per cent, on the second thousand ; and one half per cent, on all in excess of two thousand; (a;) the com- missions to be computed on the gross amount annually received on each separate account ;(2/) and he forfeits his commissions unless he pays over quarterly the moneys received by him. (2) He is allowed five per cent, on all moneys received from the sale of pamiDhlet laws, and cost of publication, (aa) and to retain, for his own use, from the State, personal and bank tax, after deducting the percent- age allowed for collection, a commission of one per cent., for paying over the same to the Commonwealth. (66) He is allowed for his services * This covers taxes received by county treasurers for use of township and school districts, from the sale of unseated lands, (a) Act of 185S, § 1, P. L. p. 136, and act (w) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 846. of 1814, § 14, P. L. p. 359. (o) Act of 1888, § 1, P. L. p. 706. (6) ActoflSoV. §1, P. L. p. 892; actofl868, {p) Act of 1872, § 1. P. L. p. 285. § 1, P. L. p. 482; act of 1865, § 1, P. (q) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 183. L. p. 467; act of 1805, P. L. p. 92. (?•) Act of 1887, § 1, P. L. p. 471. (c) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 375. (*) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 517. (d) Il)id, p. 668. (t) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1101. (e) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 183. (u) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. lOliS. (/) Ibid. p. 167. (V) Act of 1834, § 41, P. L. p. 544. (ff) Act of 18G7, § 1, P. L. p. 994. (w) Act of 1S75, § 1, P. L. p. 54. (/i) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 557. (x) Act of 1834, § 42, P. L. p. 544. (i) Act of 1871, () 1, P. L. p. 1115. (y) Act of 1850, § 7, P. L. p. 472. (.;■) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 489. (z) Act of 1857, § 79, P. L. p. 570. (&) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 630. (aa) Act of 1827, 9 Sm., p. 2S5. (I) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1298. (6&) Nead's Guide to County Officers, p.42. (ni) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1217 SALARIES AND FEES OP OFFICEES. 177 in making out, registering, and delivering eacti license, 25 cents, to be paid by the person to whom tlie license is delivered, (a) He is allowed §1 lor each broker's commission granted, or indorsement made thereon, according to the act. (6) HLs fees on the sale of seated and miseated lands for taxes, are as fol- lows :(c) Advertising each tract, including printer's charge, ^50 Selling each tract or part thereof, 37| Writing and signing every deed, 1 50 AcJinowledging every deed, , . . . 25 Writing and filing every bond to secure purcliase monej^, .... 25 He is entitled to no fee for advertising sale of lands, when the owners pay the taxes on the same on or before March 1, previous to the day on which the lands are to be sold.(d) Special Acts for the Several Counties. Section 6. In Allegheny county, he receives, in full compensation for his services, an annual salarj^ of §o,000. (e) In Armstrong county, ?2",500 per annum, including clerk hire, ex- penses of advertising, stationery, and traveling, in the collection of State, county, and dog tax. (/ ) In iieaver countj'', four per cent, on the amount of State taxes col- lected and paid over by him ;((7) and for collecting county tax, two per cent, on the aggregate of annual receipts, exclusive of balances on for- mer settlements or compensation for disbursements ; (A) and $1 for ad- vertisiiig the sale of each tract or lot of ground for taxes, (i) In Bedford county, an annual salary of ^300, for services on behalf of the countj'.C j) and six per cent, of the amount of State taxes accounted for, and paid over to the State Treasui'er, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the county, (/j) and the same fees on the sale of unseated lands for taxes, as are allowed the treasurer of Clearfield county. (?) For each license granted to a huckster, imder the act of May' 18, 1866, $2.(0 In Berks county, one half per cent on all moneys received for county purposes, and one half per cent, for all moneys disbursed during the official 5'ear, the compensation not to exceed $3,000 per annum. (??i) In Bucks county, six per cent of amount of State taxes accounted for and paid over, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the county ; (n) and for collecting county taxes, five per cent, on all monej's collected, to the amount of $50,000, and one per cent, on all monevs collected above $50,000.(0) In Cambria county, five per cent, on all State and county taxes col- lected and paid out by him. (p) In Carbon county, an annual salary of $1,000, in addition to compen- sation for collecting moneys due the Commonwealth, and his fees on the sale of unseated lands are as follows, viz :(q) Advertising each tract, or part thereof, including the printer's charge, $1 ; selling each tract, or part thereof, 75 cents ; Avriting and signing every deed, $2 ; acknowl- edging every deed, 50 cents; writing and filing every bond to secure purchjise money, 50 cents. In Centre county, an annual salary of $2,000 for services oji behalf of (a) Act oflSSO, § 9, P. L. p. 391. (j) Act of 1862, § 1, P. L. p, 315. (6) Act of 1841, § 7, P. L. p. 399. (k) Act of 1868, § 10, P. L. p. 1019. (c) Act of 1814, § 24, G Sm., p. 234, and act (I) Act of 1863, tj 1, P. L. p. 375, and act of of 1844, § 41, P. L,. p. 501. 18G6, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. (d) Act of 1850, § 4, P. L. p. 477. (m) Act of 1867, ij 1, P. L. p. 1126. (e) Act of 1876, § 13, P. L,. p. 17. (?i) Act of 1S59, § 10, P. L. p. 296. (/) Act of 1873, § 14, P. L. p. 359. (o) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 604. (,ff) Actof ISo3, § 11 P. L. p. 5. (p) A.ctoflS72, § 9, P. L. p. 997. (h) Act of 1863, § 2, P. L. p. 23. (g) Act of 1871, P. L. p. 1341. (i) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 798. 12 178 people's manual. the county, (a) and $1, including printer's charge, for advertising sale of each tract of unseated land. (&) In Chester county, $1,000 out of the county fund, in addition to the salary previously paid hini.(c) In Clarion county, four per cent, on the amount of State tax accounted for and paid over.(d) In Clearfield county, the following fees:(e) Advertising each tract, including printer's charge, $1 ; selling each tract, or part thereof, 50 cents ; writing and signmg every deed, $2 ; acknowledging every deed, 50 cents ; writing and filing every bond to secure purchase money, 50 cents; mercantile licenses, $1 50; restaurant licenses, $1 ; brokers' li- censes, 60 cents; brewers' licenses, 50 cents; distillers' licenses, 50 cents ; billiard saloon licenses, 50 cents ; ten-pin alley licenses, 50 cents ; patent medicine licenses, 50 cents. ' In Clinton county, an annual salary of $600, in addition to the com- pensation allowed for collecting mone3''s for the use of the Common- wealth, (/) and his fees on the sale of unseated lands for taxes and for licenses are the same as the treasurer of Clearfield county, {g) In Cumberland couuty, an annual salary of $2,200 in lieu of all fees and percentage, (/i) and six per cent, on the amount of State tax ac- counted for and paid over, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the county, (i) For each license granted to a huckster, under the act of May 18, 1866, %2.{j) In Dauphin county, an annual salary of $2,500, in full" for all duties rendered, (/i;) In Delaware county, an annual salary of $1,200, in lieu of all other compensation. (^) In Elk county, the same fees on the sale of unseated lands, for taxes and for licences as are received by the treasurer of Clearfield countJ^ (m) In Forest county, four per cent, on the amount of State taxes ac- counted for and paid over, (n) and the same fees on the sale of unseated lands for taxes and for licenses as are received by the treasurer of Clear- field county, (o) In Franklin county, six per cent, on the amount of State taxes ac- counted for and paid over, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the county, (p) For each license granted to a huckster, under the act of May IS, 1866, $2. {q) In Fulton county, six per cent, on the amount of State taxes accounted for and paid over, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the county, (r) For each license granted to a huckster, under the act of May 18, 1866, $2.(5) In Greene county, upon county taxes, the amount fixed by the county commissioners at the connnencement of his official term, (i5) five per cent, on the whole amount of State taxes received and paid over, (m) and out of the proceeds of sale of property for delinquent taxes, after first deducting the taxes, the same fees as allowed to constables for levy and sale upon a writ of execution, his mileage to be computed from the place of holding the elections in the township of the delinquent to his place of residence, or to the premises against which the taxes are assess- ed ; but where the taxes are paid without distress and sale, he only re- ceives from the delinquent the same fees as allowed constables for col- lection upon an execution without levy and sale, (v) («) Act of 1868, § 1, p. L. p. 639. (I) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 587. (&) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 491. (m) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 283. (c) Act of 18G8, § 10, P. L. p, 597. {n) Act of 1862, § 1, P. L. p. 495. (d) Act of 1852, § 6, r. L. p. 568. (0) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 283. (e) Act of 1866, § 1, 3, P. L. p. 711. (p) Act of 1853, § 16, P. L. p. 131, (/) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 358. (g) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. (g) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 832. (r) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1050. (h) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 920. (s) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. (f ) Act of 1873, § 9, P. L. p. 663. (i) Act of 1855, § 2, P. L. p. 528. {j) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. (u) Act of 1856, § 1, P. L. p. 14. (fc) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1559. {v) Act of 1869, § 2, P. L. p. 809. SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 179 In Huntingdon county, a compensation of $700 for duties in connection with tetate and county tax. (a) In Indiana count}-, §:2,100 for every year of his services, including clerk hire, expenses of advertising, stationery, and traveling. (6) In Jeli'crson county, four per cent, on the whole amount of State taxes accounted for and paid over, (c) In Lancaster county, a salary of $3,000 per annum, and twenty-tive cents for registering and delivering each and every tavern license, (d) In Lackawanna county, the same fees on sale of unseated lands and on licenses iis are received by the treasurer of Clearfield county, (e) In Lawrence couiUy, fbui* per cent, on all moneys accounted for and paid over to the State. (/ ) In Lehigh counts", an annual salary of $1,000, in addition to the com- pensation allowed'by law for collecting and paying over money due the State, {g) In Luzerne county, the same fees on sale of vmseated lands and on licenses as are received by the treasurer of Clearfield county. (A) In Lj'coming county, the same fees on sale of unseated lands and on licenses as are received by the treasurer of Clearfield county, (i) and three per cent, on all county money received and paid out by him, the same not to exceed $1,000 iser annum, (j;') In Mercer county, four per cent, on tiie whole amount of moneys ac- counted for and paid over to the State, {k) In Monroe county, six per cent, on the amount accounted for and paid over to the State, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the coun- ty- (0 In Montgomery county, for his services on behalf of the county, a sum not exceeding ?o,000 per annum, to he fixed by the county commissioners, with the approbation of the county auditors, (m) and the additional sum of $1,500. (n) In Northumberland county, the same fees on the sale of unseated lands for taxes, and for licenses, as are received by the treasm*er of Clearfield county, (o) In the city and coimty of Philadelphia, $10,000 per annum, (p) In Pike county, his fees on the sale of seated lands for taxes are the same as on the sale of imseated lands. (5) In Schuylkill county, one per cent, for all moneys received for use of the county, and one fourth of one per cent, for all moneys paid out by him as treasurer of the county, in full compensation for his services, except legal fees allowed for sale of unseated lands for taxes, (r) In Union county, he is allowed for his services in collecting State and county taxes, $2 00 per day for each day he sits at places apijointed to receive taxes, and for every day necessarily spent in going to and re- turning from the same. (6) In Venaugo county, four per cent, on the amount accounted for and paid over to the State, (f) In Washington county, he is allowed to retain out of the county tax such amount as is fixed by the county commissioners at the commence- ment of his term of office, (tt) and five per cent, on the whole amount of State tax received and paid over by him, (u) and he is also allowed to add ten per cent, to the amount of State and county taxes remaining mipaid on the first day of September of each year, which is to be his (a) Act of 1872, § 1, 1'. L. p. 179. (I) Act of 1867, § 10, P. L. p. 1324. (b) Act of 1872, § 14, P. L. p. 956. (m) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 634. ((-•) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 53. (?i) Act of 18G8, § 12, P. L. p. MA. (d) Act of 1852, § 12, P. L. p. 267, and act (o) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 226. of 1868, § 3, P. L. p. 480. (p) Act of 1876, § 12, P. L. p. 16. (e) Act of 1860, P. L. p. 711. (g) Act of 1871, ij 4, P. L. p. 413. (/) Act of ia52, P. Ij. p. 197. (r) Act of 1844, § 2, P. L. p. 411. (fir) Act of 18G7, P. L. p. 485. (S) Act of 1872, § 3, P. L. p. 1035. (ID Act of 1866, P. L. p. 711. (t) Act of 1851, § 9, P. L. p. 319. (I) Act of 1872, P. L. p. 571. (M) Act of 1855, § 2, P. L. p. 528. d U) Act of 1866, P. L. p. 839. (D) Act of 1856, § 1, P. L. p. 14. (ft) Act of 1853, § 1, P. L. D. 5. 180 people's manual. compensation for collecting the same ; but when a levy and sale be- come necessary ; then he is entitled to the same fees, in addition, as are allowed by law to constables. (a) In York county, he is allowed for each license granted to a huckster, under the act of May 18, 1866, |2.(6) Prothonotaries of Courts of Common Pleas. Section 7. The fees to be received by the several prothonotaries of the courts of common p] eas, except in counties having more than one hun- dred and fifty thousand inhabitants or less than ten'thousand, are as fol- lows, to wit : Every writ of summons, capias or certiorari, and docketing the same, including stationery, filing papers, entering return and services, at first court, $1 25. Every alias summons or capias, 50 cents. • Every other writ, and filing papers, stationery and services, at first court, %1 50. 'EiVerj alias scire facias, 50 cents. Every subsequent court, where cause is put down for trial, including issue list, 20 cents. All services during trial of cause, including swearing of jury, witnesses, and constables, 75 cents. Taking a recognizance, 15 cents. Entering motions and filing reasons in arrest of judgment or for a new trial, 20 cents. Entering satisfaction of judgment or discontinuance of suit, 15 cents. Issuing subpoena and seal, 25 cents. Issuing attachment and motion therefor, 40 cents. Copy of paper or record filed, for every ten words or part thereof, 1 cent. Certificate and seal, 25 cents. Drawing special jury, striking the same, and copies for parties, 50 cents. Every search, where no other service is performed to which any feels attached, 15 cents. Fi.fa. or ca. sa., and entering return; 50 cents. Venditioni exponas, levari facias, or other writ in nature of an execu- tion and entering return, 75 cents. Entering judgment on bond, on warrant of attorney, upon confession by defendant, on motion in open court, for want of an appearance, plea, or affidavit of defense, on verdict of jury, from transcripts of justices of the peace, and amounts or balances due from collectors, including judg- ment docket entry and statement to plaintiff, 75 cents. Entering amicable action, filing papers, stationery, and services at first court, $1. Taxing bill of costs other than prothonotary's, 20 cents. Re-taxing bill of costs and report thereon, 40 cents. Taxing testimony in same, for every ten words, 1 cent. Making return to writ of error, 75 cents. Entering proceedings of Supreme Court, 40 cents. Entering appeal from justice of the peace, including stationery, filing papers and services at first court, 50 cents. Citation, and seal and motion therefor, 40 cents. Suggesting death of a party, diminution of record or substituting a party, each 10 cents. Administering oath other than on trial of cause, 5 cents. Amending record on motion, 15 cents. Entering appointment of guardian ad litem, 15 cents. General certificate of jurors or constable's pay, 50 cents, to be paid by the count5^ Filing petition and all papers relating to application of insolvent debtors, recording order, et cetera, 75 cents. (a) Act of 1861, § 3, P. L. p. 447. (6) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. SALARIES AND FEES OF OPFICEKS. 181 Subpoena in divorce or alias subpoena, 75 cents. All other proceedings in divorce, except subpoenas for witnesses or com- mission to take testiuionj', 52. Reading and lilingbilfto perpetuate testimony, order of court thereon, and recording the same, §L 10. Commission to take testimony and return, 90 cents. Certified cop3^ of rale to take'depositions, 25 cents. Certified copj^ uf any other rule, 25 cents. All proceedings on application to enforce contract, 75 cents. All proceedings on petition of administrator to make deed, 75 cents. All proceedings on petition lor sheriff to make deeds for land sold by former sheriff, 50 cents. Entering acknowledgment of sheriff's or treasurer's deed, including certificate of the same, 75 cents. All jDroceedings in acknowledging a deed barring estates tail, 75 cents. Filing all election returns, at each general election, $1. Filmg and entering county auditor's reports, each case, 30 cents, to be paid hy the county. Filing any paper not relating to any suit pending, not hereinbefore provided for, 15 cents. Every docket entry not relating to any suit pending or judgment en- tered, for which no provision is made in this fee bill, and filing papers in same, 75 cents. Entering rule of reference and copy under seal, 50 cents. Appomtment of arbitrators and docketing the same, including proof of service of rule, 50 cents. Each copy of rule or notice to arbitrators, 20 cents. Filing and entering report of arbitrators, including judgment docket entry, 50 cents. Receiving and entering appeal from award of arbitrators, taking recog- nizance and affidavit, receiving and paying costs, 50 cents. Filing ijetitions in lunacy or habitual drunkard cases, and entering order of court thereon, 50 cents. Issuing commission and entering return, 75 cents. Writ of sheriff', 50 cents. Entering contu-matiou of inquisition and appointment of committee, 75 cents. Taking and tiling bond of committee, 40 cents. All services on sale of lunatic's estate or habitual drunkard, including filing of committee's accounts, §2. Transmitting to Secretary of the Commonwealth copies of election re- tui-ns, for each person returned, to be paid by the cormty, 25 cents. Writ ot habeas corjnis x^roceedings, 75 cents. Application for maintenance or alimony. $1. Filing and entering mechanic's lien, 75 cents. Entering scire facias to continue lien on judgment docket, 20 cents. Entering ejectment suit on ejectment index, 20 cents. Entering testatum fi. fa., ca. sa. or vend, exponas, 50 cents. Furnishing list of liens, except certificate and seal, each judgment, 10 cents. Receiving and distributing money paid into court, for each dollar un- der five hundred, 1 cent. • For each dollar exceeding five hundred, \ cent. The fees for services not specially provided for are the sanae as for sim- ilar services. All fees for services of prothonotaries to be considered due and payable in advance, (a) Section 8. Their fees, in counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants, are as follows, viz : Every writ of summons, capias, certiorari, and docketing the same, including stationerj^, filing papers, entering return, and services at first court, $1 50. (a) Act of 1878, § 3, P. L. p, 189. 182 people's manual.. Every alias summons or capias, 60 cents. Eveiy otlier writ, and filing papers, stationery, and services at first court, $il 75. Eveiy alias scire facias, 90 cents. Every subsequent court, wliere cause is put down for trial, including issue list, 25<;Cents. All services during trial of cause, including swearing jury, witnesses, and constable, $1. Taking a recognizance, 25 cents. Entering motions and filing reasons in arrest of judgment or for a new trial, 25 cents. Entering satisfaction of judgment or discontinuance of suit, 20 cents. Issuing subpoena under seal, with two names, 30 cents. Every name after the first, 3 cents. Issuing attachment, and motion therefor, 50 cents. Copy of record or paper filed, for every ten words, 2 cents. Certificate and seal, 30 cents. Drawng special jury, striliing same, and copies for parties, 75 cents. Every search, where no other service is performed, to which there is any fee attached, 15 cents. JPi. fa. or ca. sa., and entering return, 60 cents. Venditioni exponas, levari facias., or other writ in the nature of an execution, and entering return, 90 cents. Entering judgment on bond or warrant of attorney, or upon confes- sion by defendant, or on motion in open court, or for want of appear- ance, plea, or an affidavit of defense, and on verdict of jury, including judgment docliet entr3r, and statement to plaintifi; 75 cents. Entering amicable action, filing papers, stationery, and sei'vices at first court, $1 25. Taxing bill of costs, other than prothonotary's, 25 cents. Re-taxing bUi of costs, and report thereon, 50 cents. Taking testimony in same, for every ten words, 2 cents. Making return to writ of error, $1. Entering proceedings of Supreme Court, 50 cents. Entering transcript of judgment from justices of the peace, including judgment doclcet entry, 50 cents Entering appeal from justice, including stationery, filing papers, and services at first court, $1 25, Citation and seal, and motion therefor, 50 cents. Suggesting death of a party, or diminution of record, or substituting a party, each 15 cents. Administering oath, other than on trial of a cause, 10 cents. Amending record on motion, et cetera, 20 cents. Entering ai^pointment of guardian, ad litem, 20 cents. General certificate for jurors' and constables' pay, to be j^aid by the county, 75 cents. Filing petition, and all papers relating to application of insolvent debt- ors, recording order, et cetera, $1. Subpoena in divorce, or alias subpoena, $1. All other proceedings in divorce, except subpoenas for witnesses, or commission to take testimony, f2 50. Reading and filing bill to perpetuate testimony, order of court there- on, and recording same, $1 35. Commission to take testimony and entering return, $1. Certified copy of rule to take"^ depositions, 30 cents. Certified copj^ of any other rule, 30 cents. All proceedings on application to enforce contract, $1. All proceedings on laetition of administrators to make deed, $1. All proceedings on petition for sherifl' to make deed for land sold by former sheriff, il. Entering acknowledgment of sheriflf's or treasurer's deed, including certificate of same, $1. SALABIBS AND PEES OF OFPICEES. 183 All proceediim'S in acknowledging a deed barring estate tail, SI. Filing all election returns at each general election, to be paid by the county^^l. Filitigand docketing balances due froiu collectors, including judgment docketentry, each case. 25 cents. Filing and entering county auditor's report, each case, to be paid by the county, 50 cents. Notilyiiig county commissic^ers, auditors, or du-ectors of the jDOor of their elections, and time of meeting, to be paid by the county, each 15 cents. Filing any paper not relating to any suit pending, and. not hereinbe- fore provided for, 25 cents. Every docket entry not relating to any suit pending, or judgment en- tered, and for which" no provision is made in this iee bill, filing papers in same, 75 cents. Entering rule of reference, and copy, under seal, 60 cents. Appointment of arbitrators, and docketing the same, including j)roof of service of rule, 50 cents. Each copy of rule, or notice to arbitrators, 25 cents. Filing and entering report of arbitrators, including judgment docket entrj^, 50 cents. Receiving and entering api^eal from award of arbitrators, taking re- cognizance and affidavit, receiving and paying costs, 75 cents. Filing petition in lunacy, or habitual drunkard, and entering order of court thereon, §1. Issuing commission and entering return, $1. Writ to sheriff, 75 cents. Entering confirmation of inquisition, and appointment of committee, II. Taking and filing bond of committee, 50 cents. All services on sale of lunatics' estate, or habitual drunkard, includ- ing the filing of conunittee's account, §2. Filing each suljsequent annual account thereafter, 50 cents. Transmitting to Secretary of the Commonwealth copies of election re- turns, for each person returned, to be paid by the county, 25 cents. Writ of habeas corpus and proceedings thereon, $1. Application for maintenance or alimony, ^1, Filing and entering mechanic's lien, $L Entering scire facials to continue lien on judgment docket, 25 cents. Entering ejectment suit on ejectment index, 25 cents. Entering testatum, fi. fa., ca. sa., or vendiiioni exjjonas, $1. Furnishing list of liens, except certificate and seal, each judgment, 10 cents. Receiving and distributing money paid into court, for each dollar under five hundred, 2 cents. For each dollar exceeding five hundred, 1 cent. The fees for services not specially provided, is the same as for similar services, (a) Section 9. In Alleghenj^ county, the prothonotary receives an annual salary of $6,000, payable monthly, out of the county treasury, and the fees received by him belong to the county. (6; The fees to be received by him, for the use of the county, are as follows : On each suit or proceeding settled, discontinued, or satisfied, at or be fore issue or judgment by default, including all argument list services that may be thereon, with satisfaction thereof, $-2. On each case tried by jury and determined by judgment, including satisfaction, §3. On each case removed by writ of error to Supreme Court, including return on additional, $1. (a) Act of 1868, § 3, P. L. p. 5. (&) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 16, 14, 15, and 13. 184 iPEOPLE's MANUAL. On each writ of fieri facias, testatum fieri facias, or capias ad satis- faciendum, 60 cents. On each writ of hah eri facias possessionem, levari facias, venditioni exponas, 75 cents. For entermg satisfaction of any judgment or decree not hereinbefore provided for, 50 cents. On eacli proceeding for divorce, charters of incorporation, benefits of insolvent laws, and against lunatics and habitual drunkards, for all ser- vices thereon, !g2 50. Taking recognizance in bail, for stay, capias, case, and for dissolving attachments, which includes filing of bonds, $1. Issuing subpoena, under seal, 25 cents. Issuing attachments for jurors or witnesses, under seal, each writ, certificate of any kind, with seal of one court, 50 cents. Certificate requiring seal of both courts, every seal, where whole cer- tificate is not required, 25 cents. Copying or engraving any record, for each page of legal cap, 30 cents- Entering acknowledgments for sJieriff 's deeds, including certificates, %l. Furnishing list of liens, above certificate, for each judgment, 20 cents, (a) And all fees not provided for are to be taxed as ascertained and ap- pointed in the act of 1868, P. L. p. 3.(6)* Section 10. In the city and county of Piiiladelphia, the prothonotary receives an annual salary of $10,000, payable monthly, out of the city treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the city.(c) Sheriffs. Section 11. The fees to be received by sheriffs, except in counties having more than one hundred and fifty thousand and less than ten thousand inhabitants are as follows : For serving capias, with commitment or bail bond and return, f 1. Each defendant besides the first, 40 cents. Assigning bail bond, 10 cents. Serving summons or certiorari, summons in partition of landlord against tenant, scirefacias, rej^levin or foreigh attachment, 75 cents. Each defendant besides the first, 25 cents, For copy of summons or replevin, 25 cents. For cop.y of scirefacias or foreign attachment, 25 cents. For taking and filing replevin or attachment bond, or other indemni- fication, to be furnished by the sheriff, 35 cents. Traveling expenses on each writ, for each mile necessarily traveled, (ixdleage to be charged only on one writ Avhere there are two "or more in sherifi''s hands at the same time in favor of same plaintiff and against same defendant.) 4 cents. Delivering lands to creditor, his agent or attorney, (no commission in such case to'be taken,) $2. Receiving and paying money to plaintiff or his attorney, recovered upon any process, decree, or order of court, for every dollar not exceed- ing five hundred, in addition to fee for executing writ, 1 cent, and for every dollar exceeding five hundred, i cent : Provided, That his com- mission in no case shall exceed the surn of one hundred dollars. The same commission to be allowed where money is paid to plaintiff or sheriff with or without sale ; if paid without sale, no commission shall be allowed on more than is i3aid over to creditor. Advertising goods for sale, (advertising fee to be allowed on only one writ in case there are two or more writs in sheriff's hands at same time against same defendant,) §2 25. * Fees fixed by tliis act are the same as those to he received hy prothonotaries in counties containing less tlian ten tliousand inliabitauts.— See ante. (a) Act of 1871, § 14, P. L. p. 480. (c) Act of 1876, § 12, 5, 6, and 1, P. L, p. (6) Act of 1872, § 5, P. L. p. 210. 16, 14, 15, and 13. SAIiABIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 185 Advertising lands for sale, in addition to printer's bill, (advertising fee to be limited as in case of personal property,) $2 25. Vendue crier, for each sale, 75 cents. Summoning jury, taldng inquisition and return, $3. When the sh'erili" shall have more than one writ of execution against the same defendant, returnable to the same term, lie shall be allowed costs for only one inquisition, but it shall be his duty to lay said writ before the jury, and enter the finding thereon and make return thereof, for which he shall be entitled, on each writ, 50 cents. Executing writs aud orders of partition or valuation, swearing jury and return," for each daj^ ?2 50. Deed for sale of land, including fee to the prothonotary for acknowl- edgment, to be paid by the purchiiser, $2 50. Executing habere facias, retorno habenclo, levari facias, fieri facias, venditioni exponas, or liberari facias, each, 75 cents. Return of oton est inventus, tarde venit, or nulla bona, 20 cents. Serving subpoena, each service, 10 cents. Subpoena in divorce, $1. Proclamation in divorce, in addition to printer's bill, |1 50. Serving process on indictment, $1. Fee on indictment in everj^ capital case, $2 50. Fee on everj^ other criminal case, $1. Levying fines, per dollar, 3 cents. Fee for discharging prisoner in civil case, 25 cents. Fee on commitment for any criminal matter, 40 cents. Serving attachment against witness or for contempt, 75 cents. Serving citation and return, 50 cents. Executing bail piece, 75 cents. Executing deatia warrant, $15. Advertising general or special election, in addition to printer's bill, to be paid by the county, 75 cents. Where no paper is printed in county, $5. In special election, serving notice on judge of each election district, 75 cents. For each juror summoned to attend at coui-t and return of venire, to be paid by the county, without mileasve, 25 cents. Appraisement and return of property retained by debtor under the provisions of the act of April 9, 1849, §2. Removing insane person to any lunatic hospital, for each day spent, in addition to expenses actually incui'red, and no mileage to be charged, U- Removing convict to penitentiary or house of refuge, for each day spent in addition to expenses actuall}^ incurred, and no mileage to be iillowed, %i. Serving any rule, process, decree, or order of coui't, not hereinbefore specially provided for, in addition to mileage, 75 cents. For services not herein provided for, the same fees as for similar ser- vices. It shall be the duty of the sheriff to itemize his bill of cost on each and every writ or paper that he is entitled to cost, on or before return- ing the same. (a) iSec'jion 12. In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants, the fees to be received by sheriffs are as follows : Serving capias, with commitment or baO. bond, and return, %\ 25 ; each defendant, besides the first, 50 cents. Assigning bail bonds, 25 cents. Serving summons or certiorari summons in partition of landlord against tenant, scire facias, replevin, or foreign attachment, %1; each defendant, bes^ides the first, 50 cents. * Copy of summons, 25 cents. (a) Act of 1878, § 1, P. L. p. 187. 186 people's MANtTAL. Copy of scire facias, replevin, or foreign attachment, 40 cents. Taking and llling replevin or attachment bond, or other indemnifica- tion to be furnished by the sheiiff, 50 cents. Traveling expenses on each writ, for each mile traveled, 6 cents. Delivering lands to creditor or his agent or attorney, and no commis- sion in such case to bo taken, ^2 40. Receiving and pajdng money to plaintiff or his attorney, recovered upon any process, decree, or order of court, for every dollar not exceed- ing five hundred, in addition to fee for executing writ, 2 cents. For every dollar above five hundred, one half cent. Same commission to be allowed where money is paid, with or without sale ; if paid without sale, no commission shall be allowed for more than is paid over to creditor. Advertising goods for sale, each case, $2 75. Advertising lands for sale, each case, in addition to printer's bill, $2 70 ; vendue criei-, for each sale, $1. Summoning jury, taking inquisition, and return, $4. When sheriff shall have moiethan one writ of execution against same defendant, returnable to the same term, he shall be allowed costs for only inquisition, but it shall be his duty to lay said writs before the jury, and enter the finding thereon, and make return thereof, for which he shall be entitled, on each writ, 60 cents. Executing writs and orders of partition or valuation, swearing jury, and return, for each day, |3. Deed for sale of land, including fee to prothonotary for acknowledg- ment, to be paid by the purchaser, $3. Executing habere facias, Q-etorno habendo, levari facias, fleiH facias, venditioni exponas, or liberari facias, each, $1. Return of 7ion est inventus, tardi venit, or nulla bona, 25 cents. Serving subj^oena, each service, 15 cents. SubiDoena in divorce, |1 25. Making proclamation in divorce, in addition to printer's bill, fl 60. Serving process on indictment, $1 25. Pee on indictment, in every capital case, $3. Fee on every other criminal case, $1 25. Lev;^'ing fines, per dollar, 3 cents. Fee for discharging prisoners in civil cases, 50 cents. Fee on commitment for any criminal matter, 50 cents. Serving attachment against witness or for contempt, ?1. Serving citation, and return, 75 cents. Executing bail piece, $1. Executing death Avarrant, $15. Advertising general or sxoecial election, in addition to printer's bUl, to be paid by the county, |1. Where no paper is printed in the county, $5. In special election, serving notice on judge of each election district, 75 cents. For each juror summoned to attend at court, and return of venire, to be paid by the county, without mileage, 30 cents. Appraisement and return of property retained by a debtor, under the provisions of the act of April 9, 1849, $2 50. Removing insane person to any lunatic hospital, for each day spent, in addition to expenses actually incurred, $4. Removing convict to penitentiary or house of refuge, for each day, in addition to all expenses, $4. Serving any rule, process, decree, or order of court, not hereinbefore specially provided for, in addition to mileage, and to be recovered as other fees, from the party for whom the services Avere performed, or against whom the judgment, decree, or order is made, $1. For service not herein provided for, the same fees as for similar serv- lces.(a) (a) Act of 1868, § 2, P. Xi, p. 3. SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 187 Sheriff's fees for executing process out of tlie orphans' court are the same as those allowed for like services, and for executing a wit of sequestration, the same fees are allowed as upnn a writ of foreign attach- ment, together with reasonable costs and expenses, according to the dis- cretion ot the court : on all writs and process sent from another county, no mileage is to be allowed, except for distance actually traveled, but an allowance is to be made for the transmission of such writs and process to the clerk of the court from which they may have issued, at the com- mon rates of postage, (a) Section VS. In Allegheny county, the sheriff receives an annual salary of six thousand live liundred dollars, payable monthly out of the county treosurj', and the fees received by him belong to the county. (&) The fees to be received bj^ h'm for use of the countj-, are as follows : The fees to be received by the sheriff of the said county, shall be as follows : For serving each summons, capias, scire facias, replevin, foreign, or execution attachment, subpoena in divorce, summons in partition, cita- tion or rule, or for executing any bail piece, landlord against tenant, process, or Oider of court, attachment against witness or for contempt, in addition to mileage, $1. Each defendant, besides the first, 50 cents ; mileage, for each mile actuallj'^ traveled, 6 cents. Executing fieri facias, testatum fieri facias, haberi levari facias, liherari facias, venditioni ex23onas or retiirno habariri, $1. Summoning jurors for inquisition, taking inquisition and return, $4, Where more than one writ against same defendant before inquisition, each §2. Executing Avrit and orders of partition or valuation, including serving jiu-y and return, each day, besides mileage, $2. For return of nulla bona, tarde venit, or Qion est inventus, 40 cents. Deed lor sale of lands, to be paid by the purchaser, $2. Receiving and paymg money to plaintiff, or his attoimey, recovered upon any process, decree, or order of court, by sale or otherwise, for everj^ dollar not exceeding five hundred, in addition to fee for execut- ing writ, one per cent. ; any sum exceeding five hundred dollars and not over one thousand, inclusive of one per cent, on the first five hun- dred, ^6. Any sum exceeding one thousand and not over five thousand of the above, §10. Any sum exceeding five thousand, inclusive of the above, $15. Fee on every criminal case in quarter sessions court, whether paid by the prisoner or coiinty, ^1. Fee on every case in oyer and terminer, $2 50. Fee on commitment to the county jail, for any criininal matter, 50 cents. Executing death warrant, §15. Commission on fines per dollar, 5 cents. Removing insane persons to lunatic hospital, or convict to the peni- tentiar3', work-house, or house of refuge, including expenses incurred, §2 50. For services in drawing and summoning a competent number of jurors for the several courts, each year, and return of venue, to be paid by the county, without mileage, §1,200. Advertising general or special election, $2. Taking any bail bond, incltiding replevin, attachment bond, or any other indemnification to be furnished, $1. For selling real estate, under decree or order of any court, for any sum not exceeding five hundred dollars, .for each dollar, 1 cent; any sum exceeding five hundred and not over one thousand dollars, $6 ; any sura (a) Act of 1832, § 60, P. L. p. 213. (6) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 16, 14, 15, and 1^. 188 people's MANUAt,. exceeding one thousand and not over five thousand, $10 ; any sum e:^- ceeding ten thousand and not over twenty, $15. (a) And'all fees not provided for are to be taxed as ascertained and ap- pointed in tlie act of 18G8, P. L. p. 3.(6)* Section 14. In the city and county of Pliiladelphia, the sheriff re- ceives an annual salary of fifteen thousand dollars, payable monthly out of the city treasuiy, and the fees to be received by him belong to the city.(c) ■ Registers of Wills. Section 15. The fees to be received by registers of wills, except in counties having more than one hundred and fifty thousand, and less than ten tliousand inhabitants, are as follows : For probate of will and granting letters testamentary thereon, $1. For recording same, for every ten words, 1 cent. For letters of administration, 75 cents. For bond of administrators, §1 50. For filing of renunciation of widow, executor, guardian, or adminis- trator, 50 cents. For annexing copy of will, for every ten words, 1 cent. For issuing citation or attachment with seal, 50 cents. For entering caveat, 25 cents. For issuing commission to talce testimony of witness, 50 cents. For issuing precept for an issue, 40 cents For issuing a subpoena, 30 cents. For administering oath or alSmiation, 10 cents. For filing list of articles appraised and for list of articles sold, each list, 25 cents. For examining, passing, and filing accounts of guardians, executors, or administrators, |2 50. For advertising executor's, administrator's, or guardians account, $2. For every copy of said accounts, if demanded, not exceeding seventy- five items, witli certificate and seal, $1. For every additional item, 1 cent. For entering exceptions to administrators' or executors' bonds and hearing the same, 50 cents. For every search where no other service is performed to which a fee is attached, 15 cents. For certificate and seal, 25 cents. For copy of any bond filed, 50 cents. For commission on taxes received for the use of the Commonwealth on ijroceedings in his office, for every dollar, 3 cents : Provided, That in all cases where the estate of the decedent shall not exceed two hun- dred and fifty dollars, the register shall receive in lieu of all the fees for otficial services hereinbefore" specified, to be peribrmed after the grant- ing letters, the sum of |2 ; the register to demand and receive for the use of the Commonwealth on every probate of a will and letters testa- mentary thereon, 50 cents. On every letter of administration, 50 cents. Same fee for services not herein specially provided for as for similar services, (d) In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants their fees are as follows : For probate of wills and granting letters testamentary thereon, $1 25. For recording same, for every eight words, 1 cent. For letters of administration, §1. For bonds of administrators, ?1 75. * Fees fixed by tbls act, are tlie same as the fees to be received by sheriflfs in counties containing less tban ten thousand inhabitants.— See ante. (a) Act of 1871, § 14, P. L. p. 480. (c) Act of 1876. § 12, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. (6) Act of 1872, § 5, P. L. p. 210. 16, 14, 15, and 13. 4 (rf) Act of 1878, § 8, P. L. p. 193. SAIiAEIES AND FEES OF OFFICEKS. 189 For filing of renunciation of widow, executor, guardian, or adminis- trators, 50 cents. For annexing a copj' of will, for every eight words, 1 cent. For issuing citation^ or attaciinient with seal, 60 cents. For entering caveat, 25 cents. For issuing'comniission to take testimonj' of witnesses, 75 cents. For issuing precept for an issue, 50 cents. For issuing subpoena, 40 cents. For administering oatli or afRrmation, 10 cents. For filing lists of'articles ajipraised, and lists of articles sold, each 25 cents. For examining, passing, and filing accounts of guardians, executors or administrators, |o. Foradvertisingexecutor's, administrator's, or guardian's account, f 2 50. For every copy of said accounts, if demanded, not exceeding seventy- five items, §1 '25. For every additional item, 1 cent. For entering exceptions to administrator's or executor's bonds and hearing the same, 75 cents. For holding register's court, per day, $2 50. For each search, when no other service is performed, 15 cents. For certificate and seal, 45 cents. For copy of any bond filed, 50 cents. For commission on taxes received for the use of the Commonwealth in proceedings in office, on every dollar, 3 cents. Provided, That in all cases where the value of the estate of the deced- ent shall not exceed two hundred and fifty dollars, the register shall receive, in lieu of all the fees for official services hereinbefore specified, to be performed after the granting letters, the sum of $2 50. Register to demand and co receive, for the use of the Commonwealth, on every probate of a will, and letters testamentary thereon, 50 cents. On every letter of administration granted, 50 cents. Same fee for services not herein specially provided for, the same as for similar services, (a) Section 16. In the county of Allegheny and the city and county of Philadelphia, where separate orphans' courts exist, the register of wills receives, in the former county, an annual salary of f3,500, and in the latter an annual salary of ^10,000, payable monthly, out of the county treasury, and the fees to be collected by the register belong to the county ; (6) and the bill of costs to be chargeable to parties and estates, for the probate of Avills and testaments, and granting letters testament- ary and administration, and for all services of the register of wills in the transaction of tlie business of his office, is established by such separ- ate orphans' courts, (c) Recorders of Deeds. Section 17. The fees to be received by recorders of deeds, except in counties having more than one hundred a"nd fifty thousand and less than ten thousand inhabitants, are as follows : For recording and exemiilifying deeds and other writings, for every ten words, 1 cent. Certificate and seal, 40 cents. Every search, where no other service is performed for which fees are allowed, 15 cents. Entering satisfaction, 25 cents. Certificates, 25 cents. Taking acknowledgment of deeds or other writing, each person, 25 cents. All fees for services of the recorder of deeds, under this act, shall be considered due and payable in advance : Provided, That but one fee for (a) Act on868, § 7, P. L. p. 10. (c) Act of 1S77, 5 1, P. L. p, 37. (6) Act of 1876, § 12, 13, 5, e, and 1, P. L. p. 16, 14, 15, and 13. 190 people's manual. certificate and seal shall be charged where the certificate is that of a search embracing the names of tAvo or more parties, (a) Section 18. In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabi- tants, their fees are as follows : For recording and exemplifying deeds and other writings, for every eight words, 1 cent. Certificate and seal, 50 cents. "' Every search, when no other is performed for which fees are allowed, 20 cents. Entering satisfaction, 30 cents. Certificates, 30 cents. Taking acknowledgment of a deed or other writing, each person, 25 cents. All fees for services to be performed to be considered due and paya- ble to the officer in advance, by the party requiring the service. (6) Section 19. In Allegheny county, the recorder of deeds receives an annual salary of $5,000, paj^able monthly, out of the coviiity treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the county, (c) The fees to be received by the recorder of deeds, for the use of the county, are as follows, viz : For services for recording mortgages, including State tax, $2. For recording charters, including State tax, |2. Recording any deed, including State tax, $1 75. Recording power of attorney, $1. Recording any other paper, '|1. Certificate and seal, 50 cents. Entering satisfaction, 50 cents. Taking acknowledgments, each person, 25 cents. Every search, where no certificate is required, 50 cents. List of mortgages, in addition to certificate and seal, for each mortgage, 25 cents, (d) And all fees not provided for are to be taxed as ascertained aud ap- pointed in the act of 186S, P. L. p. 3.(e)* Section 20. In the city and county of Philadelphia, the recorder of deeds receives an annual salary of 112,000, payable monthly, out of the city treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the city.(/) Clerks of Orphans' Courts. Section 21. The fees to be received by clerks of the orphans' courts, except in counties having more than one hundred and fifty thousand, and less than ten thousand inhabitants, are as follows : For filing and entering petitition for appointment of guardian, and issuing certificate of appointment, 75 cents. Filing and entering list of joroperty selected and retained by widow, under act of Assembles 40 cents. Entering judgment, order, or rule of court, 20 cents. Confirmation of accounts of executors, administrators, or guardians, |1. Filing i^etition for pension, order, copy, and seal, 40 cents. All proceedings on inquisition on real estate, including petition, order, return, confirmation, rule, and recording, $2 25. Taking and docketing recognizances, 25 cents. All proceedings for sale of real estate, $3. Filing and entering bond, 20 cents. Entering motion, and rule of court thereon, 20 cents. Issuing subpoena and seal, 25 cents. Each name after first, 2 cents. * Fees fixed by this act are the same as the fees to be received by recorders of deeds in counties containing less tlian ten thousand inliabitants.— See ante, (a) Act of 1878, § 4, P. L. p. 191. (d) Act of 1S71, § 4, P. L. p. 482. (6) Act of 1868, § 8, P. L. p. 10. (e) Act of 1S72, § 5, P. L. p. 210. (c) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, aud 1, P. h. p. (f) Act of 1876, § 12, 5, 6, and 1, P. L,. p. 16, 14, 15, and 13. 16, 14, 15, and 13. SALARIES AND FEES OF OPPIOEKS. 191 Issuing citation with seal, and recording or filing petition therefor, 40 cents. Issuing attachments with seal, and recording or entering petition therefor, 40 cents. Copy of record or any paper filed, or any part thereof, for every ten words, 1 cent. Every search, where no other service is performed to which fee is at- tached, 15 cents. Filing any paper not specially provided for, 10 cents. Recording a draft, 20 cents. Making out order under seal to auditors appointed to apportion intes- tates' property among creditors, and to auditors appointed to settle and adjust accounts of administrators, executors, or guardians, 75 cents. Filing auditor's report, and entering approval of court thereon, 15 cents. Goi^y of said report for eitiier party, each item, 1 cent. Accounts of administrators, executors, guardians, and auditors' re- ports, for every ten words or every twenty figures, 1 cent. Certificate and seal, 25 cents. Same fee for services not herein specially provided for as for similar services, (a) Section 22. In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants, their fees are as follows : For tiling and entering petition for appomtment of guardian, and is- suing appointment, $1. Filing and enrering list of property selected and retained by widow, under act of Assembly, 50 cents. Entering judgment, order, or rule of court, 25 cents. Confirination of accounts of executors, administrators, or guardians, U 25 Filing petition for pension, order, copy, and seal, 45 cents. All proceeding on inquisition on real estate, including petition, order, return, confirmation, riile, and recording, $2 75. Taking and docketing recognizances. 40 cents. All proceedings for sale of real estate, $3 50. Filing and entering bond, 30 cents. Entering motion, and rule of covirt thereon, 25 cents. Issuing subpoena and seal, 30 cents. Each name after the first on such subpoena, 2 cents. Issuing citation with seal, and recording or filing petition therefor, 50 cents. Issuing attachments with seal, and recording or entering petition there- for, 50 cents. Copy of record or any paper tiled, or any part thereof, for every eight words, 1 cent. Every search, when no other service is performed, 15 cents. Filing any j^aper not especially provided for, 15 cents. Eecording a draft, 25 cents. Making out order under seal to auditors appointed to apportion in- testates' property among creditors, and to auditors appointed to settle and adjust accounts of adnnnistrators, executors, oi- guardians. 75 cents. Filing auditor's report, and entering approval of court thereon, 20 cents. Copy of said report for either party, each item, 1 cent. Accounts of administrators, executors, or guardians, and auditors' re- port, for every eight Avords or every sixteen figures, 1 cent. Certificate and seal, 30 cents. Same fee for services not herein specially provided for as for similar services. (6) Section 23. In Allegheny county, the register of wills is by virtue of his office, clerk of the orphans' court, (c) and is paid by salary, from (a) Act of 1878, S 7, P. L. p. 193. (c) Constitution, Art. 5, § 22; act of 1874, (&) Act of 1868, § 6, P. L. p. 9. § 5, P. L. p. 207. 192 people's manual. the county treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the county.* The fees to be collected by the register of wills of Allegheny county as clerk of the orphans' court of said county, for use of said county, are as follows : For entering accounts of executors, administrators, guardians, and trustees, $1 25. For each confirmation of reports of auditors, 25 cents. For taking affidavits under seal, 50 cents. For issuing certificates to auditors, guardians, and trustees, 75 cents. For filing and entering petition for the appointment of a guardian, $1. For each name after first, 25 cents. For certifying under seal for pensions, 25. For filing and entering iDefcition for inquest to make partition of deced- ents' estate, issuing writ to slieriff, filing and entering return thereof, filing and entering decree awarding purjaarts, filing and entering pro- ceedings for sale of real estate and return thereof, filing and entering reports of auditors, et cetera, for the first one hundred words, 50 cents, and per one hundred words thereafter, 30 cents. For filing and entering confirmation of inquisition, 35 cents. For tiling and entering bonds, 30 cents. For entering, filing, and issuing rule on heirs in partition under seal, 75 cents. For entering draft, for eacli line or course thereof, 25 cents. For taking and entering each recognizance, $1. For issuing each order of sale under seal, $2. For filing eacli schedule, confirmation of sales, or any paper not herein specially provided for, 30 cents. For filing and entering petition for citation, and issuing under seal, $175. For issuing attachment under seal, 75 cents. For copy of record of any paper filed, first one hundred words or less, 50 cents, and every item or eight words thereafter, 1 cent. For every search, 25 cents. For filing and entering appeals to Supreme Court, $1. For writing and attesting receipts, or either, 50 cents. For each entrj'- upon argument list, 50 cents. For entering satisfaction of recognizance, 50 cents. For entering and filing list of property retained by widow of deced- ents, $1. For receiving and distributing money paid into court, 1 per cent, for first five hundred dollars, and | of 1 per cent, per dollar above that sum. (a) Section 24. In the city and county of Philadelphia, the register of wills is, by virtue of his office, clerk of the ori^hans' court, (6) and is paid by salary from the city treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the city.* Clerks of Courts of Uuarter Sessions. Section 25. The fees to be received by clerks of courts of quarter sessions, except in counties having more than one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, and less than ten thousand inhabitants, areas fol- lows : Venire for and swearing grand j ury, to be paid by the county, 75 cents. Filing and entering, if necessary, all papers relating to one prosecu- tion, where true bills are found, including arraignment of defendant, entering pleas, and stationery, $1. The same services, wliere bill is returned ignoramus, including dis- charge by proclamation, 50 cents. * See Register of Wills, ante. (6) Constitution, Art.§ 5, 22; act of 1874, § (rt) Act of 1872, § 4, r. L, p. 209. 5, P. L. p. 207. SAIiARIES AND FEES OF OFFICEKS. 193 Calling recognizance and entry of forfeiture, 15 cents. Taking recognizance in conrt.'eacli person, 20 cents. Respiting or discharging forfeited recognizances and motion tlierefor, 10 cents. Every motion and rule, 25 cents. Continuance, 10 cents. Entering retraction of pleas or nolle prosequi, 20 cents. Entering submission and judgment, 50 cents. Swearing jury, witnesses, constable, and entering verdict and judg- ment. 50 cents. All services in cases of surety of the peace, except subpoenas or at- tachments, or for taking recognizance, 40 cents. Process on indictment, docket entry, and return, 75 cents. Copy of rule or order of court, with certificate and seal, 30 cents. Filing petition and order thereon, 20 cents. Filing petition for view or re-view of road or bridge, and order under seal, 75 cents. Recording return of viewers and' confirmation, for every ten words, 1 cent. Order to open road, under seal, with draft thereof, ^1. Certificate for pay of road or bridge viewers, to be paid bj^the county, each case, 20 cents. Constable's bond, 20 cents. Receiving and entering constable's return, to be paid by county, 15 cents. Filing and recording returns of borough and township elections, for each person elected, to be paid by the county, 10 cents. Issuing subpoena under seal, 25 cents. Each name after first, 2 cents. Issuing attachment, entering motion therefor, and return, 40 cents. Copy of record, or of any paper filed, for every ten words, 1 cent. Certificate and seal. 25 cents. Every searcli, w'here no other service is performed to which any fee is attached, 15 cents. Taxing costs, other than the clerk of the sessions, 20 cents. Rc-taxing parties' bills of costs and making report, 40 cents. Maliing return to w'rit of error, 75 cents. Entering proceedings of Supreme Court, 40 cents. Entering appeals Irom justices, 40 cent.=i. Certificate for pay of jurors, crier, and constables, to be paid by county, 75 cents. Issuing notices to defaulting jurors, each, 25 cents. Issuingys. /a. against defaulting juror% 40 cents. Filing^any paper not relating to any suit pending and not hereinbe- fore provided for, 15 cents. All proceedings in tavern or eating-house licenses, except certificate, 75 cents. All proceedings on }3eddler's licenses, 75 cents. Every warrant of seizure and proceeding thereon, §1. The lees for sarvices, not herein specially in-ovided for, shall be the same as for similar services. (a) Section 26. In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants, their fees are as follows : Venire for and SAvearing grand jury, to be paid by the county, 90 cents. Filing and entering, if necessary, all papers relating to one prosecu- tion where true bills are found, 'including arraignment of defendant, entering picas, and stationery, §1 50. The same service where bill is returned "ignoramus," including dis- chai'ge by ijroclainatiou, 75 cents. Calling recognizance, and entry of forfeiture, 20 cents. (a) Act of 1878, § 5, P. L. p. 191. lo 194 . people's manual. Taking recognizance in court, each person, 25 cents. Respiting or discharging forfeited recognizance and motion therefor, 15 cents. Every motion and rule, 25 cents. Continuance, 10 cents. Entering retraction of pleas, or nolle prosequi, 20 cents. Entering submission and judgment, 60 cents. Swearing jury, witnesses, constable, and entering verdict and judg- ment, 60 cents. All services in cases of surety of the peace, except subpoenas, or at- tachments, or for taking recognizances, 60 cents. Process on indictment, docket entry, and return, 75 cents. Copy of rule or order of court, witli certificate and seal, 40 cents. Filing petition and order thereon, 20 cents. Filing i)etition for a view or re-view of a road or bridge, and order under seal, 90 cents. Recording retuin of viewers and confirmation, for every eight words, 1 cent. Order to open road, under seal, $1 25. ' Certificate for pay of road or bridge viewers, to be paid by the county, each case, 30 cents. Constable's bond, 25 cents. Receiving and entering constable's return, to be paid by county, 15 cents. Filing and recording returns of borough and township elections, each person elected, to bo paid by the county, 10 cents. Issuing subpoena, under seal, 30 cents. Each name after the first, 2 cents. Issuing attachment, entering motion therefor, and return, 40 cents. Copy of record, or of any paper filed, for every eight words, 1 cent. Certificate and seal, 30 cents. Eveiy search, where no other service is performed to which any fee is attached, 15 cents. Taxing costs other than the clerk of the session, 25 cents. Re-taxing parties' bill of costs, and making report, 60 cents. Making return to writ of error, $1. Entering proceedings of Supreme Court, 40 cents. Entering appeal ii-om j ustices, 40 cents. Certificates for pay of jurors, crier, and constable, paid by the county, 75 cents. Issuing notices to defaulting jurors, each 25 cents. Issuing /i. /a. against detaulting jurors, 50 cents. Filing any paper not relating to any suit pending, and not hereinbe- fore provided for, 15 cents. All proceedings in tavern or eating-house licenses, except certificate, fl. All proceedings on peddlers' license, ^1. Every warrant of sei/Au-e and proceedings thereon, $1. The fees for services not herein specially provided, shall be the same as for similar purposes, (a) Section 27. In Allegheny county, the clerk of the courts of quarter sessions and oyer and terminer receives an annual salary of four thous- and five hundred dollars, payable monthlj^ out of the county treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the county. (&) The fees to be received by him for use of county, are as follows. Viz : For all services in any one prosecution in the court of oyer and ter- miner, Avhere a true bill is found, including all stationery, swearing j ury, entering verdict and judgment thereon, $i. For all services relating to one prosecution in court of quarter session, where true bills are ibund, including stationery, taking and forfeiting (a) Act oflSeS, § 4, P. L. p. 7. (&) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 16, 14, 15, and 13. BAIiABIES AND PEES OF OFFICERS. 195 recognizances, entering motions and rules, swearing j ury, witnesses, en- tering verdict and judgment, §3. Where bill is returned ir/ no ram us, $1. All services in cases of surety of the peace, including subpoenas on the part of the Commonwealth, and for taking recagnizmces, §1. All services in each case of road or bridge view or re-view, including entering return and confirmation thereof. |8. For all certificates, with seal of court, 53 cants. Receiving and entei-iug constables' returns, to be paid by the county, 15 cents. For all subpoenas not hereinbefore provided for, 25 cents. For all attachments, 50 cents. Entering appeals from.instices, 50 cents. In all applications for licenses, whether granted or refused, including stationery, certificate, advertising, and all services thereon, besides the fee collectedfor the State and county, to be paid on filing petition, $3. (a) And all fees not pro^fided for are to be taxed as ascertained and ap- pointed in the act of 1833, P. L. p. 3.* Section 28. In the city and county of Philadelphia, the clerk of the courts of quarter sessions and oyer and terminer, receives an annual salary of ten thousand dollars, payable monthly out of the city treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the city, (c) Note. — Prothonotaries, clerks of tiie several courts, registers of wills, and recorders of deeds of all counties having less than oiie hundred and fifty thousand population, are required to pay into the State treasury fifty per cent, of all fees received by them yearly in excess of two thous- and dollars clerk hire and stationery. (In case of recorders of deeds, "necessary' clerk hire and ofiice expenses.") Sheriffs in all counties of over ten thousand and less than one hun- dred and fifty thousand population, are required to pay into the State treasury/?//?/ per cent, of all fees re3eived by them yearlJ^ in excess of five thousand dollars, clerk hire and stationery. [Act of 1838, § 8, P. L. p. 11, and act of 1878, § 13, P. L. p. 195.] Sheriiis in counties of less than ten thousand population retain all the fees they receive. Clerks of Courts of Oyer and Tenuiner. Section 29. The fees to be received by clerks of courts of oj^er and terminer, except in counties having more than one hundred and fifty and less than ten thousand inhabitants, are as follows: All services performed in any one prosecution where a bill is found, ex- cept for subpoenas, attachment ibr witnesses, or process on indictment, §3. When bill is returned •'ignoramus," §1. For subpoena, attachment, seal and certificate, and capias, and other services not herein provided for, the same fees as are allowed to the clerk of quarter sessions. (d) In counties containmg less than ten thousand inhabitants, are as fol- lows : All services performed in any one prosecution, where a bill is found, except lor subpoenas, attachment for witnesses, or process on indict- ment, $4. When bill is returned "ignoramus," ?1 25. For sulipoenas, artacliments. seal and certificate, and capias, and other services not herein provided for, same fees as are allowed to clerk of quarter sessions, (c) * Fees fixed by tliis act are the same as the fees to be received by the clerk of the court of quarter sessions and oj'er and terminer in counties containing less than ten th0U3< and inhabitants. (a) Act of 1S71, § 3, P. L. p. 431. (d) Act of 1878, § 6, P. L. p. 193. (6) Act of 187:;, §5, P. L. p. 210. (e) Act of 1863, § 5, P. L. p. 9. (c) Act of 1876, § 12, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 10, U, 15, and 13. 196 people's manual. Section 30. In the county of Allegheny and the city and county of Philadelphia, the office of clerk of tlie court of quarter sessions and oyer and terminer is held by one person, and the person holding the same is paid by salary, and the fees to be received by him belong to the county. See ante. District Attorneys. General Acts Governing Fees. Section 31. District attorneys of the several counties of the Common- wealth, except the city and county of Piiiladelphia and county of Alle- gheny, are entitled to receive, by general law, the followmg fees: (a) Drawing indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable only in the oyer and terminer, $10. A bill for an offense indictable only in the oyer and terminer, and returned " ignoramus," $5. Drawing an indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable only in the quarter sessions, $r<. A bill for an offense indictable only in the quarter sessions, and re- turned "ignoramus," $3. Case settled with leave of court, $3. Every case of surety of the peace, $3. Special Acts for Various Counties. Section 32. The district attorneys in and for the counties of Adams, Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bucks, Butler, Cambria, Carbon, Centre, Clears field, Clinton, Crawford, Cumberland, Dauphin, Delaware, Elk, Erie, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Indiana, Jefferson, Lackawanna, Lan- caster, Lawrence, Lebanon, Lehigh, Luzerne, Lycoming, McKean, Mer- cer, Monroe, Northampton, Pike, Potter, Scliuyiliill, Somerset, Susque- hanna, Tioga, Warren, Wayne, Westmoreland, and York, are entitled to receive the following fees:(&) For drawing an indictment and prosecuting every otfense indictable only in tlie oyer and terminer, $12. For every such bill returned ignoramus, $6. Drawing bill of indictment and prosecuting the same in the quarter sessions, wherever the prosecutor or the defendant is sentenced or re- quired to pay the costs, or the costs are divided between them, $7. Drawing and prosecuting all other indictments in the quarter session, $5. For every bill returned ignoramus in the quarter sessions, and the prosecutor to pay the costs, |5. For every other such bill returned igrwramus, |3. A case settled with leave of court, |5. Every case of surety of the peace, $5. In Allegheny county, the district attorney receives, in lieu of fees, an annual salary of five thousand dollars, and his assistant an annual salary of one thousand five hundred dollars, (c) payable out of the county treasury, and the fees to be received and paid by him into the county treasury are as follows -.(d) For drawing bill of indictment and prosecuting the same, for every offense triable only in the court of oj^er and terminer, $3. For every such bill returned ignoramus, $1. For drawing bill of indictment and prosecuting the same in quarter sessions, $5. For every such bill returned ignoramus, $3. For all cases of surety of the peace, $3. (cl) In Beaver, Clarion, JS'orthumberiand, and Washington counties, his fees are as follows, viz : (ffl) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 507. (c) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, and 17, P. L. p. (6) Actof 180G, §1, P. L. p. 103; actof 1807, 16, 14, 15, and 17. § I, P. L. p. 13J; ibid., p. 259; act of (d) Act of 1857, § 2, P. L. p. 508, 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 1025; act of 1870, § 1, P. L.p. 1214. SALARIES AND FEES OP OPPIOEBS. 197 For drawing indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable only in the 03'er and terminer, SL5. Wliere bill is returned itynoramus, $7. Drawing indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable onl^' in the quarter sessions, ?S. Wliere bill is returned ignoramus, $5. Case settled with leave of court, $5. Every case of suretj' of the peace, (a) $5. In Bradford and Cameron counties, he receives, in lieu of the fees pro- vided for by general law, the following, viz : Drawing an indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable only in the quarter sessions, §7. A bill for an offense indictable only in the quarter sessions and re- turned ifjnoramus, $5. Case settled by leave of court, ?5. Every case of surety of the peace, (&) §5. In Fayette countj^ he receives, for drawing indictment and prosecut- in. p. 190. (x) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 1218. (e) Act of 1863, >! 1, P. L. p. 214. (?/) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1015. (/) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 113. (z) Act of 1836, § 1, P. L. p. 411. (g) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 832. (aa) Act of 18 '5, § 1, P. L. p. 177. (/i) Act of 1&57, § 1, P. L. p. 164. (66) Ibid, p. 131. (>) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 304. (co) Act of 1870, § 2, P. L. p. 560. (.7) Ibid, p. 292. (dd) Act of 1865, 5 1, P. L. p. 218. (70 Ibid, p. 517. (ee) Act of 1869, ^ :i, P. L. p. 424. (.1) Actof 1860, § 1, P. L. p. 149. (ff) Act of JS65, § 1, P. L. p. 177. (m) Act of 187-5, § 1, P. L. p. 592. (gg) Act of 1864, § 3, P. L. p. 873. (,n) Act of ISGl, S 3, P. L. p. 873. (hh) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 404. (o) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 412. (ii) Act of 1871, § 1. P. L. p. 14. (p) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 198. (.f,7) Act of 1865, ^ 1, P. L. p. 466. (q) Ibid, § 2, p. 501. (kk) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 484. (r) Actof 1S66, S 1, P. L. p. 556. (II) Act of 1861, § 1, P. L. p. 426. (s) Act of 1865. § 1, P. L. p. 478, and act of (mm) Act of ]8;")9, § 4, P. L. p. 137. 1867, § 1, P. I,, p. 208. (nn) Act of X867, § 1, P. L. p, 471. (0 Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. U7. 204 PEOPLI^'S MANTJAti. any one year, and for all time over eight days, the compensation fixed by general law ; (a) in Potter county, $3 per day ; (6) in Somerset county, $8 per da3^;(c) in HSuUivan county ,"^$2 per day •,{(!) in Tioga county, Is perday;(e) in Fena??^© county, $3 per day ;(/) in Warren county, |3 per day; (r/) in Washington county, ^3 per day;(/j) in Wayne county, |3 per'day;(t) in Wyoming cowniy, ^2 50 per day;(j) in For/c county, an annual salary of |200. {!:) Blair, Bucks, Chester, Columbia, Delaware, Franl-din, Fulton, Leba- non, Montour, Perry, Schuylldll, Snyder, Susquehanna, Union, and Westmoreland, are the only counties wiiose auditors are paid the com- pensation allowed by the general act of 1834, viz : |1 50 joer day. Allegheny county and Pliiladelphia have each a controller in lieu of county auditors. Clerk to County Auditors. Section 46. The salaries of clerlis and deputies in the offices of the controller of Allegheny and Philadelplila counties, are fixed by the county commissioners and c^^^nty controller, witli right of appeal to the judges of tlie court of common pleas, whose decision thereon is final. (Z) In Bedford countj^, the compensation of the clerk to the county audi- tors is fixed by the county comixiissioners and county auditors, and is pay- able by order drawn by the county commissioner on the county treas- urer, (m) Court Criers and Tipstaves. GENERAti Acts Relative to Compensation. Section 47. The compensation of court criers and tipstaves in the Su- preme Court, is fixed by the judges of said court, at a rate per diem, for the whole year, not exceeding wiiat is paid to similar officers of courts of common pleas ; such compensation to be paid by the proper city or county treasurer, on bills approved by the court or by prothonotary there- of, in pursuance of a rule made by the court for that purpose. (%) In other courts, they are to be paid by the county, such sum for each day's attendance as the judges of such court allow. (o) Special Acts for Various Counties. Section 48. In Allegheny county, they receive an annual salary, not exceeding §1,000, to be fixed by the judges of the several courts of said county, (each court for their respective criers and tipstaves,) to be paid monthly, on the second Monday of each month, (p) In Berks county, the court crier is entitled to receive the fee of 12| cents on every suit brought in the court of common pleas of said coun- ty- (^) In Bucks and Northumberland counties, it is the duty of the sheriff and prothonotary to pay over to tiie court crier, ]2| cents on every bill of costs, whei-e such charge is received by them, or either of them ; the crier is also entitled to 25 cents for making proclamation for the acknowl- edgment of sheriff's deeds, and 12^ cents on each recognizance forfeited in the court of quarter sessions or oyer and terminer, (r) In Indiana county, the crier and tipstaves receive twenty-five per centum additional on amounts allowed them by law. (s) In the city and county of Philadelphia, it is made the duty of the (a) Act of 1835, § 1, p. L,. p. 179. (fc) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 370. (&) Act of 1881, § 1, P"! L. p. 429. (I) Act of 1876, § 7, P. L. p. 15, and act of (C) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 499. 1877, § 2, P. L. p. 34. (d) Act of .835, § 1, P. L. p. 581. (m) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 190. (e) Ibid, p. 622. (M) Act of 187.5, § 1, P. L. p. 5. (/) Act of 1871. § 1, P. L. p. 12. (o) Act of 1834, § 78, P. L. p. 3.55. (£7) Act of 1836, § 1, P. L. p. 141. (p) Act of 1873, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 461. (/i) Ibid, p. 713. (q) Act of 18J2, § 1, P. L. p. 481. (i) Act of 18j4, § 1, P. L. p. 648. (r) Resolution of 1839, P. L. p. 677. U) Act of 1863, § 1, P. L. p. 244. (*•) Act of 187i, § 2, P. L. p. 1104. SALARIES AND PEES OF OFFICERS. 205 sheriff and prothonotary to pay over to the court criers the sum of 12, cents on ever\' bill of costs, where such charge is collected by the said sheriff or prothonotar3\(rt) In Schuyikiil coutit}-, the court crier receives, in lieu of other fees, the sum of 25 cents on all suits, amicable actions, appeals from justices, and transcripts of judgments entered of record in the ofl3.ce of the pro- thonotciry.(b) Stenographers in Courts. Section 49. Stenographers receive compensation at the rate of $10 per day for every day actually spent by them in courts, in taking notes, to be paid by the CommonAvealth in the case of the Supreme Court stenog- rapher, and by the county or counties forming a jtidicial district, in the case of steno2raphers appointed in said districts, upon the order of the judge presiding ; but no stenographer to receive a greater compensa- tionthan §1,200 per anntmi, in any county having less than two hundred thousand inhabitants. For furnishing transcripts they are entitled to compensation not ex- ceeding 15 cents for each one hundred words, such compensation to be paid b3' the county in Avhich the notes are taken, when the transcript is ordered by the court, or wlieu made for the purpose of being filed, and by the counsel in the respective cases, when ordered by them.(c) Jurors. General Acts Relating to Compensation. Section 50. The compensation of jurors is $2 per day, except in coun- ties where such compensation is tixed at a greater sum,(d) to be paid, in the case of jurors in courts by the county treasurer, upon warrants of the county commissioners :(e) then compensation for attendance on views or for any other ser\nce in the county is to be charged in the bill of costs, (/ ) except in cases of partition of real estate where it is to be paid by the parties in interest, (r/) and for serving on inquests, in cases of lunatics and habitual drunkards, where it is to be paid in accordance with the order and direction of the court out of which the commission issues, (h) or in the case of unfounded applications, by the person or jjer- sons makmg such applications. (?:) Jurors attending court or a view are allowed, in addition to their pay, mileage at the rate of 6^ cents for each mile traveled, to be paid out of the county treasury, in the usual manner ;(j) and in cases of partition of real estate, they are en- titled to mileage, at the rate of three cents per mile circular, for each mile necessarily traveled by them, counting from the place at which they first met and back to the same place, {k) Special Acts for the several Counties. Section 51. In Allegheny county, jurors receive ^2 50 per day ;(0 in Bucks count j^, jurors serving in courts receive $2 50 per daj', in addi- tion to mileage ;(;)() in Columbia countj^, jurors in criminal and civil cases receive $2 per day and mileage ;(«) in Elk county, grand and traverse jurors receive $'2 50 per daj', m addition to mileage ;(o) in In- diana county, they are only allowed mileage for the number of miles actually' traveled over the^ordinary public roads or highways, and no (a) Act of 1837, § 4, P. L. p. 378. (i) Act of 1836, § 9, P. L. p. 595. (6) Act of 1871, §1, P. L. p. 784. (J) Acts of 1834, § 1 and 138, P. L. p. 366 (c) Act of 187G, § 3 and 4, P. L. p. 140 and and 378. 141. (/i) Act of 1856, § 2, P. L. p. 386. (d) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 37. (I) x\.ct of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 521. (e) Act of 1S:J4,§ 137, P. L. p. 366. (m) Act of 1.S73, P. L. p. 1-2. (/) Act of 1821, § 12, 7 Sm. b77. (h) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. 209. (fir) Act of 1S64, § 1, P. L. p. 641. (o) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 229. (/i) Act of 1819, § 2, P. L. n. 663. 206 people's manual. one traveling by railroad is to be allowed mileage for more than twenty- five miles; (a) in Northumberland county, jurors in criminal and civil cases receive §2 and mileage ; (&) in the city and county of Philadelphia, jurors receive, for attendance in courts, ^2, 50 per day, and usual mile- age, (c) Mercantile Appraisers. General Acts Relating to Fees. Section 62. Mercantile appraisers in every county of the Common- wealth, except Philadelphia, receive 50 cents for each certificate of license issued, and mileage ut the rate of six cents per mile circular for each mile necessarily traveled in the discharge of tlieir duties ;(d) the fee of 50 cents for each certilicate of license issued is to be collected by the county treasurer, (c) and the mileage to be paid by the State Treas- urer, on the warrant of the Auditor General. (/) Special Acts fob the Several Counties. Section 53. In the city and county of Philadelphia mercantile ap- praisers receive for the classification of each person a fee of G2| cents, (g) and for making a certified list of liquor dealers, with statement of amount of annual sales and other services in connection tlierewith, they are en- titled to receive from each liquor dealer the sum of $l.(/i) Arbitrators and Referees. Section 54. The comiDcnsation of arbitrators chosen under the com- pulsory arbitration laws of this Commonwealth shall be ?2 for each day necessarily emp-.oyed in the duties of tlieir appointment, and five cents for each mile necessarily traveled in going to and returning from the place of meeting, w-bich shall be entered and taxed in the bill of costs in the case, and collected as the other costs of the case are collected : Provided, That in all cases where no defense is made before said arbi- trators, and in all cases in whicli said arbitrators shall be engaged less than five hours in hearing, their fees shall be SI per day. (i) Referees in civil actions pending in courts are entitled to glO per day for the time engaged as referees, to be taxed and paid as part of the costs in each case, aiid the referee in each case must malie out his bill, with affidavit attached, and submit the same to the court, and the court, after examination, is to direct the taxation of so much costs as the referee is entitled to have.( j) Referees, in actions before a justice of the peace, are each entitled to. 50 cents per day for their services, to be taxed vdth the costs, {k) Witnesses. General Acts Relating- to Fees. Section 55. The fees to be received by witnesses are as follows, to wit: Each day's attendance at court, when the witness does not reside in nor within one mile of county seat, Q>Zk cents. Eash day's attendance at couit, when the witness resides in or within one mile of the county town, 50 cents. Each day's attendance before a justice of the peace, 25 cents. Mileage, each mile circular in traveling to and from, 3 cents. (^) Witnesses attending before county auditors receive out of the county stock the same allowance as is received by witnesses attending before the courts. (iJi) (a) Act of 1872, P. L. p. 77. {h) Act of 1873, § 2, P. L. p. 566. (h) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 209. (i) Act of 1877, § 1, P. L. p. 14; act of 1838, (c) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 262. § 49, P. L. p. 727. (d) Act of 18S5, S 1, P. L. p. 4; act of 1867, (,/) Act of 1874, § 2, P. L. p. 167. § 1, P. L. p. 482. (k) Actof 1810, §3, 5Sm., p. 162. (e) Actof 18^5, §8, P. L. p. 534. (I) Act of 1821, §13, P. L. p. 63. (/) Act of 1850, § 1, P. L. p. 472. (m) Act of 1834, § 53, P. L. p. 516. i,g) Act of 1866, § 2, P. L. p. 104. SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFIOEES. 207 Witnesses before arbitrators receive the same fees as are allowed by law lor similar services, (ct) Witnesses on a commission to inquire into the lunacy and habitual drunkenness of anj' person are allowed the same fees and mileage as if attending as witnesses in the court of common pleas. (6) Special Acts Relating to the several Uounties. Section 58. In Adams county, witnesses in courts receive ^l per day and mileage, except those who reside within one mile of the county seat, who receive the compensation fixed by general law;(c) in Alle- gheny county, witnesses in cotirts receive ij?! per day and mileage ;(d) in Armstrong county, witnesses in courts i-eeeivo §1 50 per daj'', except those who reside in or within one mile of the county seat, who receive 75 cents per day ;(e) in Beaver county, witnesses in courts receive |1 per day ;(/) in Bedford county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day, except those who reside in or within one mile of the county seat, who receive S7i cents per day;(r/) in Berks county, witnesses in courts re- ceive 81 25 per day;(/i) in Blair county, witnesses in courts receive |1 per day and mileage ;(0 in Bradford county, witnesses receive $1 per day ;(j ) in Bucks county, witnesses receive ^1 per day and mileage ;(&) in Butler county, witnesses in courts receive $i per day ;(?) in Cambria county, Avitnesses in courts receive $1 per daj^ and mileage ; (??i) in Cam- eron county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day, excej^t Avhen they reside within one mile of the court-house, in which case they receive but 75 cents per day;(5i) in Carbon county, witnesses in courts receive ^1 per day ; (o) in'Centre countj^ witnesses in courts receive 81 50 per day and mileage ;(^;) m Chester county, witnesses in courts receive 81 per day, except those who reside in the borough of West Chester, who re- ceive the compensation fixed by general law; ((7) in (Clarion county, witnesses in courts receive 81 per day;(r) in Clearfield county, wit- nesses in courrs receive 81 per clay; (s) in Clinton county, witnesses in courts receive 81 50 per day aiid mileage ;(<) in Columbia county, wit- nesses in civil and criminal cases receive 81 50 per day and mileage ; (u) in Carwford count}-, witnesses in courts receive 81 25"per day and mile- age, (v) and their mileage is to be computed by the nearest railroad route ;(?(-') in Cumberland countj^, witnesses in courts receive 81 per day, in addition to mileage, except those who reside in or within one mile of Carlisle, who receive but 75 cents per day ; (x) in Dauphin coun- tj', witnesses in courts receive 81 per day and mileage; (,■)/) in Delaware county, witnesses in coui-ts receive 81 per day ;(2:) in Elk county, wit- nesses in courts receive 81 per day;(aa) in Erie county, witnesses in courts receive 81 per da}'; (W) in Fayette county, witnesses in courts receive 81 per day;(cc) in Franklin county, witnesses in courts re- ceive 75 cents per daj'', except those who reside in or within one mile of Chambersburg, who are only entitled to 50 cents per day ; (del) in Ful- ton county, witnesses in courts receive 81 per day, except those Avho re- side in or within one mile of the county seat, who receive but 80 cents per day ;(e;hs into Wards, and town* ship Divisilon Lines. Section 58. The compensation of viewers and re-viewers of roads and bridges, commissioners of roads, and of commissioners apiDointed to run to^mship lines and to divide boroughs into wards and to\\'Tiship division lines, is ?2 per day, and mileage at the rate of 10 cents per mile for each mile necessarily traveled from their places of residence to the nearest point of road viewed or re-viewed, or the line or lines to be run, to be paid in the case of viewers and re-viewers of private roads by the per- son applying for the same, and in case of public roads and bridges, and commissioners to divide boroughs into wards, or to alter or establish boundaries of wards, to be jiaid from the county treasury, except in the counties of Berlcs, Buclcs, Lycoming, Monroe, INIontgomery, and Pilie, where all expenses are to be paid by the petitioners, and in the counties of Blair and Washington, where expenses are to be paid by the peti- tioners unless the roads are laid out and confirmed, (e) Cpmniiseioners appointed to divide Townsliips into Election Districts, or to con- solidate Election Districts. Section 59. Commissioners appointed to divide a township into elec- tion districts, or to consolidate townships or election districts, are to re- ceive the same compensation as that paid to road viewers, and to be paid in the same manner. (/) • Cliain Carriers. Section 60. The compensation of chain carriers employed at the sur- vey of road views, and in the division of townships and running town- sliip lines, is $1 50 per day, to be paid in the same manner as road viewers and surveyors of roads are paid, {g) Magistrates, Pliiladelphia. Section G1. Magistrates receive from the city of Philadelphia a salary of ? 3,000 each, payable quarterly on the first Mondays of Jiily, October, January, and April in each year, (/t) (a) Act of 1834, § 10, P. L. p. 74; act of § 2, P. L. p. 120; act of 1857, § 5, P. L. 1836, § 4, J'. L. p. 631. p. 298; act of 1868, ^ 2, P. L. 464; 1845, (6) Act of 1849, § 12, P. L. p. 571. § 1, P. L. p. 328; act of 1859, § 5, P. (e) Ibid, § 2, p. 533. I., p. 139; act of 1863, P. L. p 337; act (d) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 95; actof 1872, of 1857, § 2, P. L. p. fi07; act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 562. § 2, P. L. p. 3. (e) Act of 1874, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 138; act (/) Act of ]870, § 6,P. L. p. 179. of 1874, § 5, P. L. p. 160; act of 1836, {g) Act of 1876, § 1, P. L. p. 136. § 54 and 59, P. L. p. 5G3; act of 1853, (/i) Act of 1875, § 8, P. L. p. 68. 14 210 PKOPLES MANUAL. Note. — These officers take the place of the aldermen heretofore elected in Philadelphia. They exercise about the same jurisdiction, and are ex o^tcio j ustices of the peace. They are -'liable to the same limitations and restrictions, pains, and penalties now imijosed upon aldermen." There is no separate fee bill enacted for tliem, and we are of the opinion that they must charge tlie same fees as were charged by aldermen in Philadelphia at the time tiie office of magistrate was created. For fees of aldennen in Philadelphia, see section 63, this chapter. Aldermen and Justices of the Peace. Section 62. The fees of aldermen and justices of the peace, except in the counties of Allegheny, Berks, Delaware, Philadelphia, Venango, and Washington, are as follows : Information or complaint on behalf of the Commonwealth, for every ten words, 2 cents. Dooiiet entry on behalf of the Commonwealth, 20 cents. Warrant on mittimus on behalf of the Commonwealth, 40 cents. Writing an examination on comx^laint of defendant, or a deposition, for every ten words, 2 cents. Admmistering oath or atifirmation, 10 cents. Taking recognizance in any criminal case, and returning the same to court, 50 cents. Entering j udgment on conviction for fine, 20 cents. Recording conviction or copy thereof, for every ten words, 2 cents. Warrant to levy fine or forfeiture, 40 cents. Bail piece and return, or supersedeas, 25 cents. Discharge to jailor, 25 cents. Entering discontinuance in case of assault and battery, 40 cents. Entering complaint of master, mistress, or apprentice, 20 cents. Notice to master, mistress, or apprentice, 25 cents. Plearing parties, and dischargin':^; complaint, 40 cents. Holding inquisition under landlord and tenant act, or in case of forci- ble entry, each day, |2. Precept to sheriif, 50 cents. Recording proceedings, %\. Writ of restitution, 50 cents. Warrant to appraise damages, 40 cents. Warrant to sell strays, 50 cents. Warrant to appraise swine, entering return, advertising, et cetera, $150. Entering action in civil case, 20 cents. Summons, capias or subpoena, each, 20 cents. Every additional name, after the first, 5 cents. Subpoena dace, tecum, 25 cents. Entering return of summons, and qualifying constables, 15 cents. Entering capias and bail bond, 10 cents. Every continuance of a suit, 10 cents. Trial and judgment, 50 cents. Entering judgment by confession, or by default, 25 cents. Taking special bail, 25 cents. Entering satisfaction, 10 cents. Entering amicable suit, 20 cents. Entry rule to take depositions of witnesses, 10 cents. Rule to take depositions of witnesses, 10 cents. Interrogatories, for every ten words, 2 cents. Entering return of rule, 10 cents. Entering rule to refer, 10 cents. Rule of reference, 15 cents. Notice to each referee, 10 cents. Notice to a party in any case, 15 cents. Entering a report of a referee, and j udgment thereon, 15 cents. Execution, 25 cents. SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 211 Entering return of execution, or stay of plaintiflT, nulla bona, non est inventus, or otherwise, 15 cents. Entering discontinuance or satisfaction, 10 cents. iSci./a., in any case, 30 cents. Opening jadguient for re-hearing, 20 cents. Return of proceedings in certiorari or appeal, including recognizance, 50 cents. Transcript of judgment, including certificates, 40 cents. Receiving amount of judgment before execution, or where execution was issued and special bail been entered within twenty days after judg- ment, and paying the same over, if not exceeding ten "dollars, 20 cents. If above teii dollars, and not exceeding forty dollars, 50 cents. If above forty dollars, and not exceeding sixty dollars, 75 cents. If above sixty dollars, Zl- Entering coinplaint in writing in case of attachment, and qualifying complainant, 30 cents. Attachment, 30 cents. Entering return, and appointing freeholders, 15 cents. Advertisements, each 15 cents. Order to sell goods, 25 cents. Order for the relief of a pauper, each justice, 50 cents. Order for the removal of a pauper, ?1. Order to seize goods for maintenance of wife or children, 30 cents. Order for iDremium for wolf or fox scalps, to be paid by the county, 15 cents. Every acknowledgment or probate of a deed, or other instrument of writing, 25 cents. Taking and signing acknowledgment on indenture of an apprentice, for each indenture, 25 cents. Canceling indenture, 25 cents. (.!omparing and signing tax duplicate, 50 cents. JNIarrj'ing each couple, making record thereof, and certificate to par- ties, §3. Certificate of approbation of two justices, to binding an apprentice by directors or overseers of the poor, 50 cents. Certificate to obtain land warrant, 50 cents. In proceeding under act of one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, and one thousand eight hundred and forty-five, attachment, 40 cents. Entering returns, 25 cents. Affidavit, 10 cents. Bond, 25 cents. Entering rule, et cetera, on garnishee, each, 10 cents. Interrogatories, every ten words, 2 cents. Notice to garnishee, 10 cents. Same fee lor services not herein specially provided for as for similar services, (a) Aldermen and justices of the peace are allowed a fee of 50 cents for a commitment to the house of refuge. (&) They are also allowed fees for services under the laws of the United States, as follows: For certificate of protectien, 50 cents. For certificate of lost protection, 25 cents. For a warrant, 25 cents. For commitment, 25 cents. Summons for seamen, in admiralty case, 25 cents. Hearing thereon, with docket entry, 50 cents. Certificate to clerk of district court to issue admiralty process, (c) 25 cents. (a) Act of 1868, §9, P. L. p. U;actof 18G9, (6) Act of 1855, § 1, P. L. p. 283. § 3, P. L. p. 479; act of 1873, § 1, P. L. (c) Act of 1857, § 2. P. L. p. 231 D. C41. 212 people's manual. They are also allowed for each arrest, hearing, or commitment made under act of May 8, 1876, to define and suppress vagrancy, and the sup- plement thereto, the sum of 50 cents, (a) Section 63. Their fees in the counties of Allegheny, Berks, Delaware, and Philadelphia, are as follows : For information or complaint on behalf of the Commonwealth, 30 cents. Docket entry of action on behalf of the Commonwealth, 25 cents. Warrant, mittimus or capias, on behalf of the Commonwealth, 50 cents. Writing an examination or confession of defendant, 50 cents. Hearing in criminal cases, 50 cents. Administering oath or affidavit in criminal or civil cases, 10 cents. Taking recognizance in criminai case, 30 cents. Transcript in criminal case, including certificate, 50 cents. Entering j udgment on conviction for tine, 50 cents. Recording conviction, 25 cents. Warrant to levy flue or forfeiture, 30 cents. Bail piece and return su2?ersedeas, 30 cents. Discharge to jailor, 35 cents. Entering discontinuance in case of an assault and battery, 50 cents. Entering complaint of master, mistress, or apprentice, 30 cents. Notice to master, mistress, or apprentice, 25 cents. Hearing parties, 50 cents. Holding inquisition under landlord and tenant act, or in case of foroi- ble entry, each day, each justice, $2. Process, et cetera, to sheriff, each justice, 75 cents. Recording proceedings, each justice, ?1 50. Writ of restitution, eacli justice, 75 cents. Warrant to appraise damages, 30 cents. Warrant to sell strays, 30 cents. Warrant to appraise swine, 35 cents. Receiving and entering return of appraisement of swine, 25 cents. Publishing proceedings of apijraisers of swine, 75 cents. Entering action in civil case, 25 cents. Summons or subpoena, 25 cents. Capias in civil case, 50 cents. Every additional name after the first, all witnesses names to be in one subpoc7ia, unless separate sub2Jcenas be requested by the parties, 10 cents, /Subpoena duces tecum, 25 cents. Entering return of summons, 25 cents. Entering capias and bail bond, 25 cents. Every continuance of a suit, 20 cents. Trial and judgment in case, 50 cents. Taking bail or plea of freehold, 25 cents. Entering satisfaction, 15 cents. Entering discontinuance of suit, 15 cents. Entering amicable suit, 50 cents. Entering rule to take deposition of witnesses, 15 cents. Rule to take depositions, 25 cents. Interrogatories annexed to rule to take depositions, 25 cents. Entering return of rule in any case, 15 cents. Entering rule to refer, 15 cents. Rule of reference, 25 cents. Notice to each referee, 25 cents. Entering report of referees and judgment thereon, 30 cents. Written notice in any case, 25 cents. Execution, 30 cents. Entering return of execution, 15 cents. iScire facias in any case, 35 cents. Opening judgment for a re-hearing, 25 cents. (a) Act of 1878, § 2, P. L. p. 41. SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 213 Transcript of judgment and. certificate, 50 cents. Ileturn of proceedings on certiorari or appeal, inclnding recogni- zances, §1. Receiving tlie amount of a judgment and pajdng tlie same over, if not exceeding ten dollars, 25 cents. If exceeding ten, and not exceeding thirty dollars, 35 cents. If exceeding thirty dollars, 65 cents. Every search service to which no :ees are attached, 20 cents. Affidavit in case of attachment, 30 cents. Entering action in case of attachment, 25 cents. Attachment in any case, 35 cents. Recognizance, 50 cents. Interi'ogatories. 35 cents. Ru'^e on garnishee, 25 cents. Return of rule on garnishee, 25 cents. Bond in case of attachment, 50 cents. Enteiing return, and appointing freeholders, 25 cents. Advertisement, each, 25 cents. Order to sell goods, 3 "J cents. Order for the relief of a pauper. 30 cents. Entering transcript of judgment from another justice or alderman, 50 cents. Order for the removal of a pauper, each justice or alderman, 5?1. Order to seize goods for the maintenance of wife and children, 50 cents. Order for premium for wolf, fox, or other scalps, to be paid by the county, 25 cents. Every acknowledgement or probate of deed, or other instrument of writing, for first name, 50 cents. Each additional name after the first, 25 cents, Taking and signing acknowledgment of indenture of an apprentice, 50 cents. Assignment and making record of indenture, £0 cents. Canceling indenture, 50 cents. Comparing and signing tax duplicates, each alderman, 75 cents. Marr3'ing each couple, making record thereof, and certificates to the parties, §5. Certificate of approbation of two justices to the binding, as apprentice, of a person by the directors of the poor, each justice, 35 cents. Certificate to obtain land warrant, 75 cents. Swearing or affirming county commissioner, assessor, director of the poor, or other township officer or county officer, and certificate, 50 cents. Administering oaths or affirmations in any case not herein x^rovided for, 25 cents. Justifying parties on bonds for tavern licenses, %1. Entering complaint in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1S30, 25 cents. Issuing process in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1830, 25 cents. Hearing and determining case in landlord and tenant proceedings, agt 1830, 50 cents. Record of proceedings in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1830, 50 cents. Writ of possession (and return) in landlord and tenant proceedings, act of 1830, 50 cents. "When more than one magistrate is required in landlord and tenant proceedings, the above fees shall be charged by each magistrate. Entering complaint in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1863, 75 cents. Issuing process in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1863, 75 cents. Hearing and determining case, act 1863, $1. Record of proceedings, act 1863, §1 50. Issuing writ of restitution, (and return,) act of 1863, $1, 2~A people's manual. And their fees for services under the laws of the United States, are tlie same as in other counties. («) Section Gi. In Venango county, tlieir fees are as follows : Information or complaint, on behalf of the Commonwealth, for every ten words, 5 cents. Docket entry in criminal or civil cases, 30 cents. Warrant or mittimus on behalf of the Commonwealth, 60 cents. Administering an oath or affirmation, 15 cents. Taking afiddavit in any case, 25 cents. Taking recognizance, 50 cents. Returning recognizances to court, 50 cents. Bail piece, and return, 50 cents. Supersedeas, 30 cents. Discharge to jailor, 50 cents. Entering discontmuance in criminal cases, 60 cents. Selecting jury of six and issuing ve?iire, f 1. Jury trial before magistrate, civil or criminal, $2. Hearing^in criminal cases, 75 cents. Capias, 50 cents. Summons, 40 cents. Subpoena, 30 cents. . Every additional name after the first on capias, summons, or subpoe- na, 10 cents. Entering return of summons or capias and oath of constable, 20 cents. Taldng bail for stay of execution, 30 cents. Every continuance of suit, 20 cents. Discontinuance, 30 cents. Trial and judgment, 75 cents. Judgment by confession or deiault, 40 cents. Entering satisfaction, 20 cents. Entering rule to refer, 20 cents. Rule of reference, 25 cents. Notice to each referee, or to a party in any case, 25 cents. Taking bail or apjjeal, 30 cents. Transcript and certificate in any civil or criminal case, 75 cents. Execution and return, 50 cents. Sci.fa. in any case, 50 cents. Opening judgment for re-hearing, 30 cents. Receiving amount of judgment before execution, or where execution was issued, or where execution was suspended, or bail entered, if not exceeding ten dollars, 30 cents. If above ten dollars and not exceeding forty dollars, 50 cents. If above forty dollars, and not exceeding seventy dollars, 75 cents. If above seventy dollars, and not exceeding one hundred dollars, $1. If above one handred dollars, $1 50. Affidavit in case of attachment, 50 cents. Attachment against fraudulent debtor, 50 cents. Bond in case of attachment, 75 cents. ■ Attachment in execution, 50 cents. Interi'ogatories in attachment in execution, 40 cents. Rule on garnishee, 30 cents. Notice to garnishee, 20 cents. Every acknowledgment or probate of deed or other instrument of writing, 50 cents. Every additional name after the first, 25 cents. Fees for writs and services not specified to be the same as in all the other counties of the Commonwealth, except Allegheny, Berks, Dela- ware, Philadelphia, and Washington. (6) (a) Act of 1865, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 92; act (6) Act of 1873, § 2 and 4, P. L. p. 423. of 1865, § I, P. L. p. 467; act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 541; act of 1869, b 1, P. L. p. 460. SALARIES AND FEES OP OFFICERS. 215 Section G5. In Washington county the fees are as follows : Information or complaint on behalf of the Commonwealth, for every ten words, Li cents. Docket entry on behalf of the Commonwealth, 20 cents. Warrant or mittimus on behalf of the Commonwealth, 40 cents. Writing- an examination on complaint of defendant, or a dei^osition, for every ten words, l3 cents. Administering oath or affirmation, JO cents. Taking recognizance in any criminal case, and returning the same to court, 50 cents. Entering judgment on conviction for tine, 20 cents. Recording conviction or copy thereof, for every ten words, 2 cents. AVarraut to levy fine or forfeiture, 40 cents. Bail piece and retm-n, or supersedeas, 25 cents. Discharge to jailor, 25 cents. Entering discontinuance in case of assault and batterj', 40 cents. Entering complaint of master, mistress, or apprentice, 20 cents. Notice to master, misti-ess, or apprentice, 25 cents. Hearing parties, and discharging complaint, 40 cents. Holding inquisition under landlord and tenant act, or in case of forci- ble entrj', each day, $2. Precept to sheriif, 50 cents. Recordmg ]3r0Geedings, §1. Writ of restitution, 50 cents. Warrant to appraise damages, 40 cents. Warrant to sell strays, 50 cents. Warrant to appraise swine, entering return, advertising, et cetera, $1 50. Entering action in civil case, 20 cents. Summons, capias, or subpOBua, each, 20 cents. Every additional name, after the first, 5 cents. Subpoena duce tecum, 25 cents. Entering return of summons, and qualifying constables, 15 cents. Entering capias and bail bond 10 cents. Every continuance of a suit, ID cents. Trial and judgment, 50 cents. Entermg judgment by confession or by default, 25 cents. Taking special bail, 25 cents. Entering satisfaction, 10 cents. Entering amicable suit, 20 cents. Entrjr rule to take depositions of witnesses, 10 cents. Rule' to take depositions of witnesses, 10 cents. Judgment, for every ten words, 2 cents. Entering return of rule, 10 cents. Entering rule to refer, 10 cents. Rule of reference, 15 cents. Notice to each referee, 10 cents. Notice to a party in any case, 15 cents. Entering a report of a referee, and judgment thereon, 15 cents. Execution, 25 cents. Entering return of execution or stay of plaintifif, nulla bona, non est inventus, or otherwise, 15 cents. Entering discontinuance or satisfaction, 10 cents. Sci. fa., in any case, 30 cents. Opening judgment for a re-hearing, 20 cents. Return of i)roceedings in certiorari or appeal, including recognizance, 50 cents. Transcript of judgment, including certificates, 40 cents. Receiving amount of judgment^ before execution, or Avhere execution was issued, and special "bail been'entered within twenty days after judg- ment, and iDaying the same over, if not exceeding ten dollars, 20 cents. If above ten dollars, and not exceeding forty dollars, 50 cents. If above forty dollars, and not exceeding sixty dollars, 75 cents. 216 people's manual. If above sixty dollars, f 1. Every search, when no other service is rendered to which any fee or fees are attached, 15 cents. Entering comjilaint in writing in case of attachment, and qualifying complainant, 30 cents. Attachment, 30 cents. Entering return, and appointing freeholders, 15 cents. Advertisements, each 15 cents. Order to sell goods, 25 cents. Order for the relief of a pauper, each justice, 40 cents. Order for the removal of a pauper, $1.' Order to seize goods for maintenance of wife or children, 30 cents. Order for premium for wolf or fox scalps, to be paid by the county, 15 cents. P^very acknowledgment or probate of a deed, or other instrument of Writing, 25 cents. Taking and signing acknowledgment on indenture of an aiiprentice, for each indenture, 25 cents. Canceling indenture, 25 cents. Comparing and signing tax duplicate, 50 cents. Marrying each coui^le, making record thereof, and certificate to par- ties, ?3. Certificate of approbation of two justices, to binding an apprentice by directors or overseers of the poor, 50 cents. Certificate to obtain land warrant, 50 cents. Swearing or affirming county commissioners, assessors, et cetera, 25 cents, (a) Section 66. The fees of aldermen in the city of Harrisburg, are as follows : Information or complaint on behalf of the Commonwealth, for every ten words, 1 cent. Docket entry on behalf of the Commonwealth, 12| cents. Warrant or mittimus on belialf of the Commonwealth, 25 cents. Writing an examination on comiolaint of defendant, or a deposition, for every ten words. 1 cent. Administering oath or affirmation, 6 cents. Taking recognizance in any criminal case, and returning the same to court, 20 cents. Entering judgment on conviction for fine, 12^ cents. Recording conviction or copy tliereof, for every ten w^ords, 1 cent. Warrant to levy, fine, or forfeiture, 25 cents. Bail piece and return, or supersedeas, 19 cents. Discharge to jailor, 19 cents. Entering disconti/mance in case of assault and battery, 25 cents. Entering complamt of master, mistress, or apprentice, 12| cents. Notice to master, mistress, or apprentice, 19 cents. Hearing parties, and discliai-ging complaint, 25 cents. Holding inquisition under landlord and tenant act, or in case of forci- ble entry, each day, ijpl 50. Precept to sheritf, 50 cents. Recording proceedings, $1. Writ of restitution, 50 cents. Warrant to appraise damages, 25 cents. ~ Warrant to sell strays, 25 cents. Warrant to appraise swine, entering return, advertising, et cetera, $1. Entering action in civil case, 12^ cents. Summons, capias or subpoena, each, 12^ cents/ Every additional name, after the first, 3 cents. Subpoena duce tecum, 19 cents. Entering return of summons, and qualifying constables, 12| cents. (a) Act of 1865, § 1, p. L. p. 431. SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 217 All witnesses names to be put in one subpoena, unless separate sub- poenas shall bo required by the party. Entering capias and bail bond, G cents. Every continuance of a suit, G cents. Trial'and j udgincut, 25 cents. Entering judgment by coulession, 12i cents. Taking special bail, l'J| cents. Entering satisfaction, 6" cents. Entering amicable suit, 12^ cents. Entry rule to take depositions of witnesses, 6 cents. Rule to take depositions, 12| cents. Interrogatories, for every te^n words, 1 cent- Entering return of rule, G cents. Entering rule to refer, 12| cents. Rule of reference, 12-i cents. Notice to each referee", 6 cents. Notice to a party in any case, 12 1 cents. Entering a report of a referee, and j udgment thereon, 12-^ cents. Execution, 19 cents. Entering return of execution, or stay of plaintiff, nulla bona, non est inv antics, or otherwise, 12| cents. Entering discontinuance or satisfaction, 6 cents, Sci.fa., in any case, 25 cents. Opening judg'nient for re-hearing, 12i cents. Return of proceedings in certiorari or appeal, including recognizance, 50 cents. Transcript of judgment, including certificates, 25 cents. Receivmg amount of judgment before execution, or where execution was issued and special bail "been entered within twenty daj^s after judg- ment, and paying the same over, if not exceeding ten dollars, 12], cents. If above ten dollars, and not exceeding forty dollars, 25 cents. If above forty dollars, 374 cents. Every search where no other service is rendered, to which any fee or fees are attached, 12 i cents. Entering comjilaint in writing in case of attachment, and qualifying comi)lainant, 19 cents. Attachment, 25 cents. Entering return, and appointing freeholders, 12* cents. Advertisements, each 12^ cents. Order to sell goods, 19 ce'nts. Order for the relief of a pauper, 25 cents. Order for the removal of a pauper, $1. Order to seize goods for maintainance of wife or children, 25 cents. Order for premium tor wolf or fox scalps, to be i^aid by the county, 12 1 cents. Every acknowledgment or probate of a deed, or other instrument of writing, 25 cents. Taking and signing acknowledgment on indenture of an aj^prentice, for each indenture, 25 cents. Assignment and making record of indenture, 25 cents. Canceling indenture, 12 1 cents. Comparing and signing tax duplicate, 50 cents. Marrying each couple, making record thereof, and certificate to par- ties, $2. Certificate of approbation of two justices, to binding an apprentice by directors or overseers of the poor, 50 cents. Cei'tificate to obtain land Avari-ant, 50 cents. Swearing or affirming county commissioner, assessor, or other town- ship ofiicer, and certificate thereof,to be paid by the county, 25 cents. Their fees for services under the laws of the United States, are as fol- lows : For a certificate of protection, 50 cents. 218 PEOPLK'S MANUAL. Certificate of lost protection, 25 cents. A warrant, 25 cents. Commitment 25 cents. Summons for seamen in an admiralty case, 25 cents. Hearing thereon, with docket entry, 50 cents. Certificate to clerk of district court to issue admiralty process, (a) 25 cents. Constables. Section 67. The fees to be received by constables in all the counties of the Commonwealth, except Allegheny, Berks, Delaware, Philadel- phia, Venango, and Washington, are as follows, viz : Executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, for each defend- ant, 60 cents. Conveying to jail on mittimus or warrant, for each de- fendant, 50 cents. Arresting a disordeiiy person or other offender against the law, (with- out process,) and bringing before a justice, 50 cents. Levying a fine or forfeiture on a wan-ant, 30 cents. Taking the body into custody on mittimus, where bail is afterwards entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, 50 cents. Serving subpoena, 15 cents. Serving summons or notice on referee, suitor, master, mistress or ap- prentice, i^ersonally or by copy, each 20 cents. Arresting on capias, 50 cents. Taking bail bond on capias, or for delivery of goods, 20 cents. Notifying plaintiff, wiiere defendant has been arrested on capias, to be paid by plaintiff, 20 cents. Executing landlord's warrant, or serving execution, 50 cents. Taking inventory of goods, each item, 2 cents. Levying or distraining goods, or selling the same, for each dollar not exceeding thirty dollars, G cents. For each dollar above tiiu-ty dollars, 4 cents ; and half of the commis- sion sliall be allowed where the money is paid after levy without sale ; but no commission shall, in any case, be taken on more than the real debt. Advertising the same, 50 cents. Executing attachment, 35 cents. Copy of vendue paper, when demanded, each item, 2 cents. Putting \ip notices of distress, at mansion-house or other public place on the premises, 20 cents. Serving scire facias personally, 20 cents. Serving by leaving a copy, 20 cents. Executing a bail piece, 80 cejits. Traveling exjjenses, in all cases, for each mile, circular, 6 cents. Making returns to court, $1 50. Attending general elections, $2. Attending special townsliip, ward, or borough election, %Z. Same fees for services not herein specially provided for as for similar services. (6)* Their fee in all counties for the arrest and commitment of vagrants is 50 cents in each case, and mileage when the arrest is made more than one mile from the prison or place where the vagrant or vagrants are committed, (c) * In Purdon's Digest, edition of 1872, page 685, the following fees of constables ap- pear, viz : " For appraisement and all other services, under exemption act of April9, 3849, fl; for serving precept and returning same in landlord and tenant proceedings, 25 cents; executing writ of possession and returning the same, 50 cents; when the rent shall be received from the lessee by the constable, such commission as is now allowed bylaw on writs of execution, " The foregoing provisions are embodied in act of April 18, 1857, P. L. p. 232. (a) Act of 1875, § 1, P. L. p. 68; act of 1814, (c) Act of 1878, § 1, P. L. p. 41. i; 14, P. L. p. 359. (&) Act of 1868, § 11, P. Ti. p. 13; act of 1869, § 3, P. L. p. 479; act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 641; act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 525. SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICEKS. 219 Constables are allowed and paid, out of the county treasury, $2 for ad- vertising ward, township, district, and borough elections, and 20 cents for delivering to each township or borough officer a certificate of his election, (a) In all counties, except Philadelphia, their fees for the following ser- vices are, for making returns to the court of quarter sessions, 50 cents each for one day, (except in the county of Berks, where it is 75 cents,) and mileage at the rate of 3 cents per mile, circular, from residence of constablelo county seat, to be paid by the county. C6) They are allowed tlie following fees on commitments to the House of Refuge, to be paid by the county : For arresting the person committed, 50 cents. For delivering the person committed, pursuant to such commitment, to the proper house of refuge, SI, with mileage at the rate of 5 cents, circular, for all distances traveled exceeding seven (c) circular miles. Sectiom 68. The fees in Allegheny, Berks, Delaware, and Philadel- phia counties are as follows : For executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, $1. For taking body into custodj^, or conveying to jail on TnittiTnus, or warrant, §1. For arresting a disorderly person or other offenders against the laws (without process) and bringing before a justice, 75 cents. For levying a fine or forfeiture on a warrant, 50 cents. For serving subpoena, 50 cents, except in the county of Berks, where they receive Out 15 cents. For taking the body into custody on onittimus, where bail is afterwards entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, ^1. For serving summons, notice on referee, suitor, master or mistress, or apprentice, personally, each, 50 cents. For serving by leaving a copy, 50 cents. For executing attachment personally, 50 cents. For arresting on capias, $1. For taking bail bond on capias, or for delivery of goods, 50 cents. For notifying plaintift" where defendant has been arrested on capias, to be paid by plaiiitilT, 25 cents. For executing landlord's warrant, 50 cents. For taking inventory of goods, (each item,) 2 cents. For le^'ying or destraining goods, and selling the same, for each one dollar not exceeding one hundred dollars, 3 cents. For each one dollar above one hundred dollars, 2 cents, except in the county of Berks, where they are entitled to receive and take, for each dollar not exceeding thirty dollars, 10 cents, and for every one dollar over thirty dollars, 15 cents. And one half of said commission shall be allowed where the money is paid after levy, without sale ; but no commLssion shall in any case be taken on more than the real debt, and then only for the money actually'- received by the constable, and paid over to the creditor. For advertising same, $1, except in county of Berks, where they are entitled to 50 cents only. For copy of vendue paper, when demanded, (each item,) 2 cents. For putting up notice of distress at mansion-house or at any other place on the premises, 25 cents. For serving scire facias personally, 50 cents. For serving by leaving copy, 50 cents. For executing bail piece, ^1. For traveling expenses on execution returned nulla bona and non est inventus, where the constable has been at the defendant's last residence, (a) Act of 1840, § 11, P. L. p. 687; act of (e) Act of 1855, § 1, P. L. p. 283. 1851, § 14. P. L,. T). 325. (J) Act of 1857, § 3, P. L. p. 232; act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 131. 220 people's manual. each mile cii-cular, 10 cents, except in county of Berks, wliere they get but 6 cents. For traveling expenses in all other cases, each mile circular, 10 cents, except in county of Berks, where they get but 6 cents. For executing order for the removal of a pauper, 75 cents. For traveling expenses in said removal, each mile circular, 15 cents. For serving execution, 50 cents. For serving execution on writ of restitution, $2. For serving execution on writ of possession, $2. For serving summons in landlord and tenant proceedings, 11. For serving notice in landlord and tenant proceedings, 50 cents. For talcing inventory of goods on execution, each item, 2 cents. For serving search warrant, $1. For serving capias execution, ^1. Constables and appraisers, personally, on appraisement, each, (a) $1. And in the city and county of Philadelphia alone, their fees, for the following services, are : For watchman, to be charged by the defendant on execution or distress for rent, per day, $3. For collection of rent by distress or otherwise, to be charged to the landlord, apart from the commissions allowed by law, 5 per cent, on the amount actually collected. For levying goods, and selling the same on execution, for each dollar, 5 cents. For each adjournment of sale, under execution or distress for rent, |1, and costs for advertising such adjourned sale. (6) In Columbia county, the compensation allowed them for attending special, township, ward, and borough elections, includes advertising, (c) In Indiana county, they are allowed mileage for attending court only for the number of miles actually traveled, and no one traveling by rail- road is entitled to claim from the county mileage for more than twenty- five miles, (d) Section 69. In Venango county, their fees are as follows, viz : Executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, for each defend- ant, 11. Conveying to jail on mittimus, for each defendant, %1. Arresting offender against the laws, and bringing before magistrate, 75 cents. Levying a fine or forfeiture on a warrant, 30 cents. Taking the body into custody on mittimus, where bail is afterwards entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, 50 cents. Serving subpoena, each person, 20 cents. Serving notice on referee, suitor, master, mistress, or apprentice, per- sonally or by copy, each 20 cents. Arresting on capias, each defendant, 50 cents. Taking bail bond on capias, or for delivery of goods, 40 cents. Notifying plaintiff, where defendant has been arrested on capias, to be paid by plaintiff, 30 cents. Executing landlord's warrant, or serving execution, 60 cents. Taking inventory of goods, each item, 4 cents. Levying or distraining goods, or selling the same, for each dollar not exceeding thirty dollars, six cents. For each dollar above thirty dollars, 4 cents ; and half of the commis- sion shall be allowed where the money is paid after levy without sale ; but no commission shall, in any case, be taken on more than the real debt. Advertising the same, 75 cents. Executing attachment, f 1. (a) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 94; act of 1867, (b) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 772. § 1, P. L. p. 873; of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. (c) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 525. 180; of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 460; and of (d) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 77 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 562. SAIiABIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 221 Copv of vendue paper, when demanded, each item, 2 cents. Puttmg up notices of distress, at mansion house or other public places on the premises, 20 cents. Serving scire facias personally, 50 cents. Serving by leaving a copy, 50 cents. Executing a bail piece, 50 cents. Serving summons either personally or by copy, 50 cents. Traveling expenses, in all cases, for each mile, circular, six cents. Maldng returns to court, %1. Attending general elections, §2. Attending special township, ward, or borough election, ^3. Same fees for services not herein specially provided for as for similar services, (a) Section 70. In Washington county, their fees are as follows : Executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, 50 cents. Conve.^-ing to jail on mittimus or warrant, 50 cents. Arresting^ disorderly person or other offender against the law, and bringing before a justice, 50 cents. Le%^ing a fine or forfeiture on a warrant, 30 cents. Taking the body into custody on mittimus, where bail is afterwards entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, 50 cents. Serving subpoena, 15 cents. Serving summons or notice on referee, suitor, master, mistress, or ax^prentices, personally or by copy, each 20 cents. Arresting on capias, 35 cents. ■Taking bail bond on cai^ias, or delivery of goods, 20 cents. Notifying plaintiff, where defendant has been arrested on capias, to be paid \)j plaintiff", 20 cents. Executing landlord's warrant, or serving execution, 50 cents. Talking inventory of goods, each item, 2 cents. Levying or distraining goods, or selling the same, for each dollar not exceeding thirty dollars, 6 cents. For each dollar above thirty dollars, 4 cents ; and half of the commis- sion shall be allowed where the money is paid after levy without sale ; but no commission shall, in any case, be taken on more than the real debt. Advertising the same, 50 cents. Executing attachment, 35 cents. CoiDy of vendue paper, when demanded, each item, 2 cents. Putting uj? notices of distress, at mansion-house or other public place on the premises, 15 cents. Serving scire facias personally, 20 cents. Serving by leaving a copy, 20 cents. Executing a bail piece, 30 cents. Serving rule and interrogatories in attachments execution, 20 cents. Traveling expenses, in all cases, for each mile, circular, 6 cents. Making returns to court, 60 cents for each onfe day. Mileage for same, counting from residence to coui't-house, to be paid by the county, 3 cents per mile circular. For appraisement and all other services under exemption act of April 9, 1849, 5J1. For serving precept and returning same in landlord and tenant pro- ceedings, 25 cents. Executing writ of profession and returning same, 50 cents. When the rent is received from the lessee by the constable, such com- mission as is allowed by law on Avrits of execution. (6) Section 71. In Harrisburg city, their fees are as follows : Executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, 37i cents. Conveying to jail on mittimus or warrant, 37 1 cents. Arresting a disorderly person or other offender against the law, (with- out process,) and bringing beibre a justice, 37^ cents. (a) Act of 1873, § 3, P. L. p. 424; act of (6) Act of 1865, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 436; act 1868, § 11, P. L. p. 13. of 1857, § 3, T. I^. p. 231. 222 PEOPIjE'S MANUAIi. Levying a JSne or forfeiture on a warrant, 25 cents. Taking the body into custody on mittimus, where bail is afterward entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, 25 cents. Serving subpoena, 12| cents. Serving summons or notice on referee, suitor, master, mistress, or ap- prentice, personally or by copj, each 12^ cents. Arresting on capias, 25 cents. Taking bail bond on capias, or for delivery of goods, 12| cents. Notifying plaintiff, where defendant has been arrested on capias, to be paid by plaintiff, 12> cents. Executing landlord's' warrant, or serving execution, 25 cents. Taking inventory of goods, each item, 1 cent. Leyv'ing or distraining goods, or selling the same, for each dollar not exceeding thirty dollars , 6 cents. For each dollar above thirty dollars, four cents; and half of the com- mission shall be allowed where the money is paid after levy, without sale : but no commission shall, in any case, be taken on more than the real debt. Advertising the same, 37^ cents. Executing attaclnnent, 25 cents. Copy of vendue paper, when demanded, each item, 1 cent. Putting up notices of distress at mansion-house or other public place on the premises, 12{ cents. Serving scire facias personally, 12| cents. Serving by leaving a copy, 12i cents. Executing a bail piece, 25 cents. Traveling expenses on an execution returned nulla bona and non est inventus, where the constable has been at the place of defendant's last residence , each mile circular, 3 cents. Executing order for removal of a pauper, 50 cents. Traveling expenses in said removing, each mile circular, 10 cents. Traveling expenses, in all other cases, each mile circular, 3 cents, (a) Surgeons, for Post Mortem Examinations at Inquests. Section 72. The tee to be received by a physician or surgeon, from the county, for making a, post mortem examination, at the request of the coroner or justice of the peace holdmg an inquest, in the following coun- ties, is ?10, unless the county commissioners are of the opinion his ser- vices deserve more, when it may be increased bj' them to such an amount as they may thiuk just, viz: Lancaster, (6) Armstrong, (c) Blair, (d) Bucks, (e) Indiana, (/) Montgomery, (e) and Washington. (r;) In Allegheny county, his fees are as follows, viz : For superficial ex- amination, $10; for any cutting done before decomposition has com- menced, $20 ; and for any cutting done after decomposition has com- menced, 110. (A) In Butler and Mercer counties, his fee is not to exceed $10, unless in- creased by the county commissioners, (i) In Northampton county, his fee is $15, unless increased by the county commissioners. ( j) Supervisors. Section 73. Each supervisor is allowed, in the settlement of his ac- counts, a sum not exceeding $1 per day for each day necessarily em- ployed in the discharge of his official duties. (A:) In the township of Lattimore, Adams county, they are allowed $1 50 per day. (^) (a) Act of 1875, H 1, P. L. p. 68 ; act of <.g) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 677. 1814, § 15, P. L. p. 361. (A) Act of lSa6, § 1, P. L. p. 603. (6) Act of 1843, ? 1, P. L. p. 29. (i) Act of 1834, § 1, P. L. p. 60, and act of (c) Act of 18G1, S 1, P. r^. p. 437. 1666. § 1, P. L. p. 6. (d) Act of 1853, § 4, P. L. p. 453. (,;) Act of 1856, § 1, P. L. p. 461. (e) Act of 1860, § 1, P. L. p. 167. (k) Act of 1834, § 93, P. L. p. 554. (/) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 88. (Z) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1051. SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 223 In Allegheny county they are allo-wed ?1 50 per day, (a) except in Collins township, -where they are allowed §2 per day; (6) in Elizabeth to-\\Tiship, where they receive ?2 per day ;(c') Kilbuck township, where the board are allowed 5^5 per ,vear lor their services : (d) Lincoln to^vn- ship, where they are allowed ?2 50 per day for thne spent in working on the roads ;(t;) Moon townsliiji, where the board are allowed $25 per year for their services ; (/) Penn township, where they are allowed $2"^ per day ;(.7) Scott township, where they are allowed $1 50 per day,(/«) and Upper St. Clair township, Avhere they are allowed §2 per day, except for collecting road tax, for which they are allowed 5 cents out of every dollar collected and jxiid out by them, (i) In Armstrong county they are allowed §2 per day,( j) except in the townships of Kiskiminitas and South BufiFalo, where they are allowed butSl oOper day.(/.) In Beaver county they are allowed $2 pT3r day, (?) except Darlington township, where theyare allowed the compensation fixed bj^ general law, and Big Beaver township, where they are allowed but §1 50 per day. (?«) In the townships of Broad Top and Hopewell, Bedford countj^, they are allowed Z-2 per day. (>i) In Berks county they are allowed $1 50 per day. (o) Blair countj" : In the townships of Allegheny, Logan, Antis, and Sny- der, they are allowed compensation as follows, viz: In Allegheny, Antis, and Snyder township, $1 50 per day, also 5 per centum on the actual amount of taxes collected and worked out, to be in lieu of the per diem pay for time spent in notifying hands to work on roads, (p> and in Logan township the township auditors are authorized to allow them, in the settlement of their accounts, any sum not exceed- ing §2 per day. (q) in Bucks county they are allowed 50 cents per day over and above the regalar wages paid day laborers employed on the roads, (r) In Butler county they are allowed such sum, not exceeding $1 50 per day, as fixed hy the towniship auditors (.s) In Carbon county they are allowed §1 50 per day,(i!) In Chester county they are allowed $1 50 per day. (m) In Clarion county they are allowed ^2 per day.(w) In Clearfield county they are allowed §2 per day. (iv) In the townships of Catawissa and Conyingham, Columbia county, they are alloAved compensation as follows, viz : $1 50 per day in Cata- wissa township, (x) and in Conyhagham township a sum not exceeding §2 per day, to be fixed by the tawnship auditors, (y) In Crawford county they are allowed comj)ensation not exceeding $1 50 per day. (2) In Cumberland county they are allowed ??1 50 per day.(aa) In Wiconisco township, Dauphm. county, they are allowed ?50 for services. (66) In Delaware county they are allowed $1 50 per day for each and every day's work on the public roads, (cc) in Elk county they are allowed $2 per day. (dd) (a) Act of 1SS4, § 2, P. L. p. 863. (p) Act of 1865, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 654; act (S) Act of 1837, § 2, P. ]j. p. 896. of 1868, § 1, P. I>. p. 601. (e) Act of 1871, § 5, P. L. p. 564. (q) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 675 (d) Act of 1870, § 3, P. L. p. 644. (r) Ibid., p. 613. (e) Act of 1873, S 1, P. L. p. 746. (S) Ibid., p. 684. (/) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 10 8. (t1 Ibid., p. 1102. (ff) Act of 1869, §8, P. L., p. 422. (W; Act of 1863, §1, P. L- P- 246. (/i) Ibid., § 1, p. 308. (V) Act of 1873, § 4, P. L. p. 453. (I) Act of 1873, ? 1, P. L. p. 159. (w) Act of 1872, §1, P. T.. p. 499. (.7 ) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 635. (x) Act of 1808, § 1, P. L. p. 744. (A:) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 406; act of 1871, (y) Act of 1839, § 3, P. h. p. 847. § 11, P. Ij. p. 1131. ■ (z) Act of 1866, §2, P. L. p. 208. (?) Act of 1S70. § 1, P. L. p. 354. (aa) Act of 1805, § 1, P. L. p. 634. (TO) Ibid., p. 705: ibid., § 12, P. L, p. 326. (66) Act of 1862, § 9. P. L. p. 141. (7i) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 74; act of 1870, (ec) Act of 1SC4, § 1, P. L. p. 776. § 1, P. L. p. 814. (dd) Act of 1867, | 2, P. L. p. SH, act of (o) Act of 1869, § 2, P. L. D. 581. 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1287. 224 people's manual. In Fayette county they are allowed ^2 per day. (a) In Franklin county they are allowed, for collecting road tax, four per centum on the amount collected, and $2 per day for other services con- nected with the duties of their office. (6) In the township of Wells, county of Fulton, they are allowed $1 50 per day.(c) In Greene county they are allowed $2 per day, {d ) except in the fol- lowing townships, where they are allowed such compensation as the township auditors deem just and equitable, viz: Morgan, Rich Plill, Jefferson, (e) Morris, (/) Franlilin, Cumberland, Centre, (^) Mononga- hela,(/i) and Washington, (t) In the township of Porter, county of Huntingdon, they are allowed f2 per day, (^■) and in the township of Warrior's Mark, same county, they are allowed %l 50 per day. (k) In the county of Indiana, they are allowed 551 50 per day.(Z) In the county of Jefferson, they are allowed $2 per day. (m) In the county of Juniata, they are allowed fl 50 per day. (n) In the county of Lackawanna, they are allowed $1 50 per day.(o) In the county of Lancaster, they are allowed $1 50 per day, ( p) except in the townshii^s of Fulton, Salisbury, and Little Britain, where they are allowed $2 per day. (g) In Lawrence county, rhey are allowed |1 50 per day, (r) except in Union township, where they are allowed $2 50 per day.(s) In Luzerne county, they are allowed %l 60 jser day, (() except in the townshij) of Hanover, the North and South districts of Wilkes-Barre township, and the township of Plains, where they are allowed $2. 50 per day.(tt) In the following townships of Lycoming county, they are allowed fl 50 per day, viz : Cumming,(?^) Clinton, (w) Brady, (a;) and Washing- ton, where they are ailowed"$2 per day.(:;/) In the township of Derry, Miitlin county, they are allowed $2 per day for every day engaged on the public roads. (2:) In Monroe county, they are allowed %l 50 per day,(a(X) except Cool- baugh townsliip, where they are allowed $2 per day,(6&) and Barrett townshiiJ, where they are allowed $1 75 per day. (cc) In Montgomery county, the township auditors are authorized to allow them a daily pay not exceeding |2. (cZd) In the township of Bethlehem, county of Northampton, they are al- lowed, on the settlement of their accouiits, a sum not exceeding |1 50 per day.(ee) In the county of Northumberland, they are allowed %1 50 per day, {ff) except in Mount Carmel townsliip, where they are allowed $2 50 per day. (5-5') In Perry county, they are allowed $1 50 per day, (hh) except m Spring (a) Act of 18S9, § 1, P. L. p. 117; ibid., (g) Act of 1868, § 9, P. L. p. 331; act of § 9, p. 389; act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 723. 682. (r) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 512. (6) Act of 1869, § 5 and 7, P. L. p. 326 and (s) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 816. 327. (t) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 121. (c) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1203. (u) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 1127; act of (d) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 690. 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1194. (e) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p.703; act of 1865, (v) ActoflSiiS, § 1, P. L. p. 892. § 9, P. L. p. 338. (10) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1104. (/) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 694. (x) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 695. (g) Act of 1871, § 9, P. L. p. 1114. (y) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 1153. (h) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 627. (z) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1181. (z) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 101. (aa) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 133. 'U) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1230. (66) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 773. (&) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 1025. (ce) Act of JS73, § 1, P. L. p. 633. (i) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 683. (dd) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 513. (m) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 437. (ee) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 718. (n) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 983. (ff) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 471. (o) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 121. (gg) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 838. (jp) Act of 1865, § 1. P. L. p. 634. (hh) Act of 1369, § 1, P. L. p. 983. SALARIES AND FEES OP OFFICERS. 225 township, where the township auditors are authorized to allow them any sum not exceeding ^'J per day. (a) In Potter county, they are allowed, on the settlement of their accounts, a sum not exceeding ?1 60 per day. (b) In Schuylkill county, they are allowed §1 25 per day, (c) except Tre- mont township, where they are allowed a sum not exceeding ^100, to be determined b}' the township auditors ; (d) Butler, Mahanoy, Reilly, and Rush townships, where the\' are allowed for viewing aud inspecting roads, a compensation not exceeding §150 per annum, to be determined b3' the township auditors ; (e) Branch township, where they are allowed §100 per annum ;(/) and the following townships, where they are al- lowed compensation not exceeding §1 50 per day, to be fixed by the townsliip auditors, viz: BIythe, Norwegian, ((;r) Cass, East Norwegian, (A) Foster, (?:) and New Castle, (j) In Somerset countj^, they are allowed $1 50 per day. (/;;) In Susquehanna county, tliey are allowed §1 50 per day, (I') but in Apo- lacon townsliiiD their compensation is not to exceed said sum, and is not to be paid for more than five days in each year for services in and about the business of the roads, (m) and in Clifford township their compensa- tion is not to exceed said sura, (n) » In Tioga county, they are allowed $1 50 per day.(o) In Washington county, they ai-e allowed $2 per day.(^) In certain to^vnships of Wayne county, theii* compensation is as fol- lows, viz : Damascus township, $1 50 per day, for not more than ten days in anyone year, except in laying out new roads and building bridges, {q) or not to exceed ten cents per day for each mill levied on the dollar of valuation, in case they le\'y less than twenty mills on the dollar ; (7-) in Buckingham to^^^lship, they are allowed a sum not exceeding $2 per day ;(.s) and in Paupack township, they are allowed $1 50 per day. (d) in West moreland county, they are allowed $2 per day. (u) In Wj-oming countj^, they are allowed $1 50 per day.Cv) In certain townships of York county, their compensation is as fol- lows, viz : In Fairview township, $1 50 per day for each and every day's work on the public roads ; (w) in Newberry township, $1 25 per day ; (a;) in North Codorus township, $1 50 per day ;(y) and in Peach Bottom township, 52 per day. (2) Road Commissioners. Section 74. The compensation of road commissioners is $2 per day. (aa) Township Auditors. Section 75. Township auditors each receive $1 for each day necessa- rily employed in the duties of their office, to be paid by the township treasurer, out of the tOAvnship funds. (6&) In the township of Collins, Allegheny cqjmtji, they receive 52 per day. (cc) In Armstrong county, $2 per day.(dd) (a) Act or 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 601. (p) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. a55. (6) Act of 1866. § 2, P. L. p. 709. (g) Act on868, § 8, P. L. p. 232. (e) Act of 1859, § 3, P. L. p, &50. (r) Act of 1873, § 4, P. L. p. 191. (d) Act of 18.59, § 1, P. L. p. 649. (S) Act Of 1872, § 5, P. L. p. 753. (e) Act of 186:^, § 1, P. L. p. 478. (t) Act of 1868, § 2, P. L. p. .364. (/) Act of 1868, § 9, P. L. p. 417. (u) Act of 1865, § 1, P. I., p. 6.^i. (g) Act of 1867, 5 1 P. L. p. 450 . (v) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1096. (A) Acton868, § I, P. L. p. 271. (lo) Act on864, § I, P. L. p. 776. (i) Act on8G9, § 1, P. L. p. 418. (x) Act of 1867, § I, P. L. p. 924. (,;■) Act of 1871, § 1, P. I., p. 5S3. (v) Act of 1S70, § 1, P. L. p. 308. (fc) Act of 1869, §3, P. L. p. 119. (z) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 741. (I) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p.80;uct of 1871, (ff«) Act of 1874, § 1, P. L. p. i:J8. S 3, P. L. p. 9!8. (W) Act of 1834, § 106, P. L. p. 556. (m) Act of 1S72, is 7, P. L. p. 1081. (cc) Act of 1867, § 2, P. L. p. 897. («) Act of 1869, § 7, P. I>. p. 807. (dd) Act of 1873, § 1,P. L. p. ISO. (o) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 496. 15 226 people's MANUAIi. In Beaver county, except Darlington township, $2 per day.(a) In Berks county, $1 50 per day.{b) In the townships of Allegheny, Antis, and Snyder, Blair county, ?1 50 per day. (c) In Bradford county, $1 50 per day, (d) In Carbon county, $1 50 per day.(e) In Chester county, |l 50 per day.(/) In Clarion county, $2 per day.(^) In Clearfield county, $2 per day.(/t) In Conyngham township, Columbia county, $2 per day.(i) In Elk'county, $2 50 per day.( j) In Erie county, $2 per day,"(/i;) except in the townships of Conneaut and Elk Creek. (?) In the township of Wells, Fulton county, §1 50 per day. (m) In the township of Warrior's Mark, Huntingdon county, $1 50 per day. (n) in Indiana county, $1 50 per day. (o) In Jefferson county, $1 50 per day.(p) In Juniata county, $2 per day. (qj In Lackawanna county, 50 cents per day in addition to amount fixed by general law,(>-) except in the township of Blakely, where it is not to exceed $1 50 per dtvy. (s) In Lawrence county, $1 50 per day, (i) except Union township, where it is $2 per day. (u) In Luzerne county, 50 cents per day in addition to the amount fixed by general Isuw.(v) In the township of Brady, Lycoming county, $1 50 per day. (w) In Monroe county, $1 50 per day.(.t;) In Montgomery county, $1 50 per day. (2/) In Northumberland county, ^1 50 per day. (2) In the township of Spring, Perry county, $1 50 per day. (aa) In Potter county, not to exceed $1 50 per day. (66) In Somerset county, $1 50 per day. (cc) In Susquehanna county, $1 50 per day. (dd) In Washington county, $2 per day. (ee) In the township of Damascus, Wayne county, $2 50 per day.(jf ) In the county of Westmoreland, ^1 50 per day. (^gg) In Wyommg county, $1 50 per day. (hh) In York county, $2 per day. (ii) Town Clerks. Section 76. Town clerks receive such compensation as the supervisors determine on, and for making entry of strays, he receives for each head of horsekind, 50 cents ; each head of cattle, 25 cents, and for every sheep, 6 cents, to be paid by the person delivering notice to owners. (jj) (a) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 354. (s) Act of 1868, § 4, P. L. p. 1108. (6) Act of 1869, § 2, P. L. p. 581. (.t) Act of 1866. § J, P. I., p. 512. (c) Act of 1865, § 1, r. L. p. 654; act of (w) Act of 1870, § 2, P. L. p. 816. 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 601. (V) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 177. (d) Act of 1867, § 2, P. L. p. 456. (w) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 695. (e) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1102. (a;) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 133. (/) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 246. (y) Act of 1864, § 3, P. L. p. 426. {g) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 452. (z) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 471. (h) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 499. (aa) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 601; act of (i) Act of 186^ § 1, P. L. p. 961. 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 654. (J) Act of 1871, § 1, P. Jr. p. 994. (bh) Act of 1866, § 2, P. L. p. 709. (k) Act of 1835, § 3, P. L,. p. 479; act of (cc) Act of 1869, § 3, P. L. p. 1:9. 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 208. (dd) Act of 1SB7, § 2, P. L. p. 456. (I) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1350; act of (ee) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 354. 1873, 5 1, P. L. p. 779. (ff) Act of 1872, § 1, P. h. p. 869. (m) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1203. (gg) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. 663. (n) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L,. p. 1025. (hh) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1096. (0) Act of 1870, § 1, P. I., p. 1218. (ii) Act 1867, § 2, P. L. p. t70. (p) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 714. (JJ) Act of 1834, § 99, P. L. p. 555; act of (q) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 925. 1807, § 2. 4 Sm., p. 473. (r) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 177. SAIiARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 227 In the township of Red Bank, Armstrong county, the town clerk re- ceives §1 50 per day. (a) In Jefferson county, they receive $1 50 per day, (6) and in Wyoming count}', $1 50 per day. (c) Assessors. Section 77. Compensation of assessors the same as in Digest of Elec- tion Laws, except in cities of second class, where members of the board receive compensation as follows, viz: Chief assessor an annual salary of $2,500, and the other members of the board $5 per day, for each day of actual service, to be determined hy affidavit of assessors before the city controller, (rf) In cities of the third class, courts of common pleas are empowered to appoint, and their salaries and modes of payment are to be fixed by ordinance, (e) In the city of Oil City, Venango county, they receive $3 per day.^/) Over§eers of the Poor. Section 78. In the township of Red Bank, county of Armstrong, overseers of the poor receive ?1 50 per day.(^) In Carbon county, fl 50 per day.(^) In Clearfield county, $2 per day. (i) In the to\ATiship of Conyngham Columbia county, $2 per day. (j) in Lawrence county, SI 50 per day. (^-) In the township of Clinton, Lycoming county, $1 50 per day. (?) In Monroe county, ?1 50 per d\^3^ (m) And in Wj^oming county, $1 50 per day. (n) Note — We failed to find any general law governing the compensation of overseers of the poor, and found but few special acts on the subject. Township Treasurer. Section 79. Each township treasurer receives in full compensation for his services, a certain amount per cent, on all moneys received and paid out by him, to be settled, from time to time, by the supervisors, with the approbation of the township auditors, (o) Burgess. Section 80. The council of each borough is empowered to prescribe by ordinance the salary to be paid out of the borough treasury to the burgess of such borough in lieu of fees, fines, and costs, (p) Borough Auditors. Section 81. The compensation of borough auditors is fixed by the town council of the several boroughs, (g) In Armstrong countj^ they are allowed $2 per day. (?-) In Beaver and Washington counties, except Darlington township, in the former county, $2 per day.(s) Borough Treasurers. Section 82. The compensation of borough treasurers is fixed by the town council, (0 but in Ashland, Schuylkill county, and Dunmore, (a) Act of 1868, § 8, P. L. p. 209. (I) Act ofl871, § 1, P. L. p. 1104. (b) Act of 1867, § 4, P. L. p. 662. (m) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 133. (e) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1096. (n) Act of 1871, § 1. P. L. p. 1096. (d) Act of 187ti, § 1, P. L. p. 12-!. (0) Act of 1834, § 97, P. L. p. 555. (e) Act of 1875, § 1, P. L. p. 15 and 16. (p) Act of 1876, U, P. L. p. 27. (/) Act of 1873, § 3, P. L. p. 421. (q) Act of 1851, § 2, P. L. p. 322. (g) Act of 1868, § 8, P. L. p. 209. (j-) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 180. (/I) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1102. («) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 354. (i) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 499. (t) Act of 1861, § 3 and 11, P. L. p, 323 and (j) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 961. 324. (fc) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 512. 228 people's manual. Luzerne county, his compensation is not to exceed one per cent^im on all inoneys paid out by him, (a) and in Easton, jSIorthampton county, it is ?500/$300 of which amount is paid out of borough taxes, and $200 out of scliool funds. (&) Collectors of School Tax. Section 83. Collectors of school tax are appointed by the boards of directors or controllers, and receive such compensation as may be agreed upon, not exceeeing five per cent, on the money collected, (c) Special Acts Relating to Certain Districts. Section 84. In Allegheny City, the board of controllers elect, annu- ally, a receiver of taxes, to whom all school taxes are payable. If the tax is paid after October 1st, five per cent, is added. If the tax is not paid on or. before jSovember 1st, the receiver of taxes issues his war- rant, accompanied Avith a scliedule of the unpaid taxes, to collectors ap- pointed by the finance committee of the county, who shall collect the same, with five per cent, added, (d) In Reading, Berks county, the duplicates, when made out, are placed in the hands of the treasurer of the school district, to whom ail taxes are to be paid. All taxes not paid on or before October 1st, are placed in the hands of collectors, appointed by the board of controllers, who shall collect the same, with ten per cenL added, in the manner provided by law for collecting taxes, (e) In Robeson township, Berks county, the collection of the school tax is given to the lowest bidder, giving good security for the collection of the same. ( /) In Lancaster city, Lancaster county, the collection of the school taxes is given to tlie lowest bidder, he to give good security for the same. ('(7) The commissioners of Jefferson county may issue one general order for each township, for road and school taxes on unseated lands in the different townships of said county, and the fees for collecting the same shall be paid out of the road and school fund so collected. 70 (a) Act of 1872, ^ 2, P. L. p. 80 ; act of (e) Act of 1833, P. L. p. 410. 1870, ? 2, P. L. p. 496. (/) Act of 1866, P. L. p. 213. (6) Act of 1870, § 2, P. L. p. 1017. (g) Act of 1855, P. L. p. 92. (c) Act of 1854, § 31, P. L. p. 624. (h) Act of 1862, P. L. p. 214. ' (d) Act of 1863, P. Li. p. 434, 435. i:ndex. PART FIRST. Congress : sec. Page. Number of Senators aad Represontatives— Qualitica- tions and terms of service — How elected — Apportion- ment, ... . 1 3 Organization and meetings, ... 24 Duties, powers, and privileges of Congress and its members, 3 5 Limitations on the powers of Congress, 4 6 Manner of passing laws, 5 7 Compensation of members, 6 8 Impeachment, 7 8 Duties, powers, privileges of the States and citizens thereof, and limitations on the powers of the States, . 8 8 Officers of the Senate and House, with their annual salaries, 9-10 9 Salaries of clerks to committees, 11-12 10 Standing committees of Senate, 13 10 House, 14 11 Congressional Library, . 15 11 Description of Capitol Building, 16 12 Department op Agriculture, U. S. : Duties of Commissioner of Agriculture, 1 50 Divisions in the Department and duties assigned to each, 2-9 50 Salaries of principal officers, . . . 10 50 Approximate numbers of clerks, &c., in the several de- partments at Washington, 12 51 Department of the Interior: Duties of the Secretary of the Interior, 1 47 Assistant Secretary, and his duties, 2 47 Commissioner of iPatents, 3 47 Pensions, 4 47 Public Lands, 5 47 Indian Affairs, 6 47 Education, 7 48 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 8 48 Commissioner of Railroads, 9 48 Geological Surve^^, 10 48 Superintendent of the Census, 11 48 Public documents, 12 48 Salaries of principal officers, 13 49 The Territories, 14 49 Department of Justice : Duties of Attorney General, chief clerk, and law clerk, 1 39 Solicitor General, and his duties, ... 2 39 Assistant Attorneys General, and their duties, .... 3 39 Other law officers, and their duties, 4 39 Salaries of principal officers 5 39 (229) 230 PEOPIiE'S MANUAIi. Department of State: sec. Page. Duties of Secretary of State, assistant secretaries, and chief clerk, ... 1-2 22 Bureaus in the Department, and duties assigned to each, 3 22 Salaries of principal ofiBcers, 4 23 Foreign Legations at Washington, .... . . 5 23 U. S. Ministers to foreign nations, with their salaries, . 6-7 23 JuDicrAii System, U. S. : Constitutional provisions, 1 52 Classes of courts, - . . . 2-5 53 Supreme Court — Organization, term, salaries, &c., 1 54 Jurisdiction, 2 54 Circuit Courts — Organization, salaries, &c., 1 56 Jurisdiction, . . 2 56 Terms and places of meeting, 3 57 District Courts — Organization, salaries, &c., 1 58 Jurisdiction, 2 58 General provisions relating to all the courts, 3 58 District attorneys and raai'shals, , . , . , 6 59 Juries and jurors, . . 7 59 Court of Claims, . . 1-5 61 Courts of the Territories and the District of Columbia, 6 62 Navy Department : Duties of Secretary of the Navy, 1 44 Chief clerk, and chiefs of bureaus, ... . 2 44 Bureaus in the Department, and duties assigned to each, 3-11 44 Organization of the navy, ... ... . . . 13-16 45 How appointments are made, 17 45 How officers are retired, 18 45 Pay of officers and enlisted men, 19 45 Number of enlisted men, and term of service, .... 19 46 Marine Corps, . . ... 20-22 46 Naval Academy, number of cadets, how appointed,