fliRMINEHAM.

^/Inniston.

^ECATUR.
QADSDEN.

UNTSVILLE
USCALOOSA.

THE DEANE STEAM PUMP COMPANY

HOLYOKE, Ti^KSS.

MANaFAGfaRERS OF EVERY VARIETY OF

TV^KCHINERY.

Have Recently Opened an Office and Warerooms
No. 6 South 20th St.

BIRTV^INGHKTV^, MLM.

Where a Full Line of All Sizes and Styles of Pumps
will be Kept in Stock.

G. HERBERT ELLERBE

(Successor to MINNIGEROOE & ELLERBE)

eiRTV^INGHKTVV, KL-M.

Imn nine i FnmcE Imm

j^Q-jsi<rrr foe,

Pennsylvania Steel Company,

New Albany Rail Mill Company,
J. 0-. Brill Car Company,

Knoxville Car Wheel Company,

A. Leschens & Son Wire Rope Co.
Hughes Steam Pump Company,
Erie Engine Works.

Light Sections, Iroa Rails, Spikes, all sizes, Track Bolts and Nuts, Wire Rope, Waste,
Packing, Etc., CARRIED IN STOCK.

OFFICE: 2017 First Avenue. * WAREHOUSE: Ave. A, near 17tli St.

fSEK NOTICE OF OLD FIRM ON PAGE 119.1

€<xlbxodl^nntm^ Company

HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL REVIEW

MAILING AND SHIPPING GUIDE

florth? ® j^laba/T)a

(Illustrated)

Birmingham, Anniston, Gadsden,

Huntsville, Decatur,

Tuscaloosa and Bessemer

THEIR MANUFACTURING AND MERCANTILE INDUSTRIES, HISTORY,
PROGRESS, AND DEVELOPMENT

^kcfc!)C0 o{ fuBEic ant) f ri&afc €iiimK\

NEW YORK AND BIRMINGHAM :
Southern Commercial Publishing Company.

1888.

p^)^.^.ip^ ^.^

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

A GLIMPSE OF NORTH ALABAMA

BIRMINGHAM -

ANNISTON ------

HUNTSVILLE - - - " "
DECATUR ------

GADSDEN - - • -
TUSCALOOSA - - - - '

BESSEMER

GENERAL INDEX .- - - ■

PAGE
9

173

211

245

287

315

333

340

TNTReDaGTieN

f\ (ilimps<^ of l^ortf; /Alabama.*

A ORTH A J^ A BAM A to-day is the most prosperous and rapidly progres-
R I sive section of tlie South. The fame of its vast resources — its iron —
I \l '^*' *^''^^^' limestone, endless variety of miscellaneous minerals, timber
I ■ and soil and climate, — has spread throughout the world, and the
^ remarkable development achieved within a decade has ])een the

wonder of two hemispheres. It is, indeed, surprising how the enormous wealth
of North Alabama, surr(junded by the most favorable conditioai for its devel-
opment, could have been permitted to lie dormant for so many years ; and we
doubt not that since it has now commenced to be developed in a so-und,
business-like manner, the new era which is only just dawning will lead to the
establishment of multiform manufacturing industries, which, in time, will
cause it to lead all other manufacturing regions of the Union. ' Free labor has
become a blessing, whilst slavery was a curse ; and while there may be tem-
porary setbacks, the future destiny of this region as a great manufacturing
country is now fully assured. The fact that most of these great resources are
at present owned by Sofuthern men, and are being developed with .Southern
capital, the readiness with which the laboring element, especially colored
laborers, has become skilled in mining and manufacturing, are matters of
as much surprise to non-residents as they are a gratification to Alabamians.
The great majority of the industries here have been started upon a
sound basis. If they shall be conducted on business principles they will
be verj' prosperous, because the available native resources and advantages

* The term, North Alabama, usually designates the extreme northern tier of counties^
but in this work the term is used to include the counties of Jefferson, Calhoun, Morgan, Mad-
ison, Etowah, Tuscaloosa, Talladega, Jackson, DeKalb, Marshall, Cherokee, Cleburne, Clay,
Randolph, Chambers, Tallapoosa, Coosa, Chilton, Bibb, Shelby, Hale, Lamar, Fayet,te,
Walker, Blount, Winston, Cullman, Marion, Franklin, Lawrence, Colbert, Limestone and
Lauderdale — thirty-three in all. This is about one-third of the area of the State, and is
known as the mineral region proper, or the mountain, mining and manufacturing section.

10 North Alabama.

are admitted. North Alabama is now attracting outside capital and immi-
gration on a scale it has never known before. It is coming into better posses-
sion of the means which are most useful in the normal development of its
powers. The effect is already in sight, for she is upon the threshold of a
future career more promising than she ever saw, and brighter than her most
sanguine son ever dreamed of twenty years ago. When we contrast the
present status, the North Alabama of to-day with that of 1865, then only can
the great transformation be seen to best advantage. In all material things
Alabama was poor beyond the power of words to tell in 1865, yet the people
were richer than they ever had been, for they W'ere freer than they ever had
been ; the blacks were liberated from shackles, and clogs were cut from the
feet of white men. All could run as they had never done before. A great
constraining force that checked enterprise, that hindered competition, that
compelled the practical denial of perfect freedom and the use of the energy,
the ambition and the potential capability of the people, was removed. Hence,
■while they were poor in material resources, that is, in accumulated capital,
they were then rich in the opportunity which this new liberty opened to them.
This they have used, and this new order of things is their creation. To-day
the people are rich in their capital and developed resources, but richer still
in their energy and discipline at labor and business, in their knowledge of the
al)ounding native wealth and advantages of the State, and in the faith which
they have gained in their power for the development of these great resources,
and the transmutation of them into productive posterity.'

In the race of competition Alabama is leading, and is in the foremost rank
of the progressive States of the Young South. Ten years ago the value of her
taxable property was $135,535,792. To-day it is $225,000,000. Then the people
paid a tax rate of 7^ mills upon the former amount ; now they pay 5h mills on
the latter sum. While this may seem high, when the cause is known it will
stand as a mark of the honesty and integrity of the people. There" are sixty-
six counties in the State, and the last returns to the State Auditor from these
counties show this remarkable fact, that every county in the State, without a
single exception, gives in an increased valuation. The largest returns and the
greatest increase were from the counties of North Alabama, or the iron and
coal region of the State. JefFei'son County, in which is located the city of
Birmingham with its ever-rising values, the richest county in the State, shows
an increase for one year in taxable property of $26,524,598, an increase which
exceeds the sum total of that returned by one hundred and thirty-seven counties
in the State of Georgia.

North Alabama. 11

ALABAMA'S ADVANCE

iri

The State, as an entirety, has made great advancement. The following is
from a recent publication :

" In the past seven years, since the census was taken, Alabama has made
sa greater advance in every line than during any corresponding seven years, or,
indeed, decade of its existence. This advance has not been confined, as so
many people imagine, to minerals alone, but is equally true of manufactures,
agriculture, commerce, railroad building, etc.

The farmers of the State are better organized to-day than ever before, and
■have inaugurated a State Fair Association on a permanent and solid basis.
'The State has a Department of Agriculture, an agricultural college, two
■experiment farms, which are already doing good work in instructing the
farmers in new lines of agriculture, horticulture and dairy farming, wliich
they have hitherto neglected.

Alabama possesses some of the finest farming lands in the South. These
lands can be bought cheap, and will produce almost every known variety of
-crop. Cotton is the great staple. The State has taken steps to invite and
-encourage immigration, and Commissioner Kolb, who has this matter in hand,
has already accomplished a good work.

In manufactures, particularly in those in which iron, wood and cotton
principally enter, there has been a startling advance, and the cities have, in
'Consequence, taken a new life and increased wonderfully in population and
■wealth.

Of the mineral advance it is scarcely necessary to speak now. It has
"been the wonder of the whole country ; has shown a progress unequaled in
'this land of development. The best judges can form no idea of when it will
a-each its maximum ; and the prediction that Alabama will become the leading
suineral State of America, if not of the world, is one that no one cares to
•contradict. Finally, many miles of railroad have been built during these years.

In its schools and colleges, in its wealth and social condition, there has been
similar improvement. Alabama has gained more between 1880 and 1887, seven
j^ears, than in the previous twenty years. Its people no longex look back to
■^ante-helium times, since it is to-day well ahead in wealth and prosperity of the
-Alabama of 1860, which rested nearly all its hopes upon cotton.

One of the chief reasons of the prosperity enjoyed by Alabama is the
iiact that its development is not confined to one branch of industry alone. No
State in the Union is more happily divided in this respect, or offers greater
"srarieties to the farmer, miner and mechanic. It fronts on the Gulf, and

12 North Alabama.

possesses good fisheries there ; it has fertile lands — lands well covered ■with
timber, lands filled with valuable minerals, placed in the very best and most
profitable juxtaposition, and hence there is a chance for all classes here."

Looking at Alabama generally it will be noticed that it is divided into
sections or districts, quite distinct in their prevailing characteristics. These-
are known as the cereal, mineral, cotton and timber belts.

The cereal belt embraces the ten counties which lie upon the extreme-
northern boundary of the State, viz : Lauderdale, Limestone, Madison,
Jackson, DeKalb, Marshall, Morgan, Lawrence, Colbert and Franklin.

The mineral belt proper embraces the counties of Jefferson, Tuscaloosa^.
Talladega, Calhoun, Tallapoosa, Coosa, Chambers, Randolph, Clay, Shelby^
Walker, Blount, Cullman, Winston, St. Clair, Etowah, Cherokee, Cleburne,.
Marshall, DeKalb, Jackson and Madison. Minerals are found, however, in
fifty-five of the sixty-six counties of the State. The cotton and timber belts-
include chiefly the central and southern tiar of counties.

The province of this work is to treat exclusively of the mineral portion of
the State.

The iron product of Alabama, reported by the American Iron and Steel
Associaton, shows for

1882 112,765 tons.

1883 172,465 tons.

18S4 189,664 tons.

1885 227,438 tons.

1886 283,859 tons.

1887 292,762 tons.

Estimate for 1888 585,524 tons.

This State is exceeded only by Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and New York:
(New York being only 400 tons in advance). The present year will show a,
large increase, and place Alabama second on the list.

The great wealth of North Alabama is her coal and iron. The proximity
of the former to the latter, the facility and cheapness with which each can
be mined, the availability of materials — all make it the cheapest iron-
producing region of the world. The soil, especially that in the famous
Tennessee Valley, is fertile. Farming lands can be bought at low prices and
on reasonable terms. The climate is mild and salubrious, possessing none of
the rigors and " blizzards " of a Northern winter, nor the hot and enervating:
effects of an extreme Southern summer. The timber is still largely of virgin
growth, and embraces all varieties of woods from pine to black walnut. The
educational facilities are year by year growing better, as the public school

North Alabama.

system becomes more efficient. Educational advantages are given alike to
■white and colored. The population is rapidly increasing, and is sober, indus-
trious and i^rogressive, and extends an invitation to all the world to come and
•enjoy the advantages .

This much we have said by way of introduction, and we now ask a careful
perusal of the detailed descriptive accounts of the live, progressive cities of
]^orth Alabama, for, in setting forth the industrial advantages of each, we
discuss the claims of the entire section as a whole.

The succeeding pages present an array of facts, figures and illustrations
■which is astonishing. No stranger can peruse the subjoined record of
progress without wonder, and no Alabamiaii can contemplate it without
•experiencing a pardonable pride in his State and feeling stimulated to renewed
energy in the great struggle for her ultimate supremacy.

BIRMINGHAM'S record is without a parallel in the history of
American cities. Long ago the question of its success ceased
^ to be a matter problematical. Its growth has been phenomenal
■ and its history marvelous. Seventeen years ago it was not in
" existence — to-day it ranks with the older and progressive cities of
the Union, and is the recognized industrial center of the South.
Birmingham, the wonderful, is an astonishment, a revelation
to the stranger. To those who have never seen it, how can
we best describe this city of furnaces, iron works, steel works,
rolling mills, foundries and railroads? Birmingham is the home of every
industry that labor and capital, twin yoke-fellows, have set in motion.
It is a city of beautiful homes securely nestled in a lovely valley between
ranges of hills whose verdure scarce betrays the untold mineral wealth
beneath, which is so slightly vailed that men stand and wonder that it
should have lain concealed until fair Alabama, schooled by dear experi-
ence, should show herself worthy the stewardship of riches beyond all
human power to estimate. Birmingham— a city of trees, gardens, lakes,
parks, health and pleasure resorts ; a city of churches, whose spires point
upward to the source of all this goodly heritage; a city of banks, whose capi-
tal is active in developing varied interests; a city of schools, where the moral
and intellectual development of the ]>upils keeps pace with the commercial and
industrial development of its multiform enterprises; a city where the contin-
ual puffing of locomotives and the constantly ascending smoke and glare of
furnaces and roar of foundries can be seen and heard ; a city of horse cars and
dummy lines rushing in all directions, which, together with the hum of indus-
try, the rush and roar of innumerable trains, wagons, drays and carriages,
added to the dash of thousands of energized and electrified men — all consti-

16 NoBTH Alabama.

tute a vivid picture of active life, the beholding of which must magnetize, and
galvanize, and quicken the pulses of the veriest sluggard, and put new vitality
into the very soul of apathy itself. Such is busy, bustling Birmingham, the
city of unceasing activities and unwearied energies, invincible in progress,
electrical in celerity, sure in results ; Birmingham, the best, biggest, brightest
and boldest exponent of the New South.

W HEN FOUNDED

The city was founded in 1871 by a company of capitalists, who had, in
December, 1870, organized the Elyton Land Company. One year later, in
December, 1871, the city received its charter. At that time the population
was from 700 to 1,000. They purchased 4,000 acres of land, where the city
now stands. The name selected for the new town, Birmingham, was sug-
gested by the immense resources of coal and iron existing in this immediate
section, which required no prophet to foretell the outcome, for the founders
knew the place would become a great iron manufacturing center, rivaling, if
not surpassing, its great English namesake.

JQCATION, ALTITUDE

It is located at a point about 50 miles north of the center of the State
and an equal distance from the Mississippi and Georgia lines. It is 100
miles from Montgomery, the capital ; 349 from New Orleans ; 207 from
Nashville ; 107 from Atlanta; 394 from Louisville; 479 from Cincinnati; 467 from
Savannah'; Chicago, 662, and from New York 1,017 miles. Its altitude above
the sea is 602 feet at the level of the railroad tracks. This is the lowest point
in the city ; the Highlands are 100 to 300 feet higher. Taking the lowest
altitude, '602 feet, the city is then 160 feet higher than Louisville ; 191 feet
higher than Nashville, and 168 feet higher than Blount Springs, the popular
health resort.

P OPULATION— GROWTH

The rapid increase in population has been something phenomenal. In
1880 (census) it was 4,500; in 1884 (actual count), 17,500; 1885 (actual
count), 21,347; 1886, 30,000; October, 1887 (by Directory count), 41,725,
and the estimated population now (June, 1888) is no less than 45,000. This
includes the city proper. Birmingham is the trade center for all the thriv-
ing towns and villages in the valley — Pratt Mines, Ensley, Gate City, and
half a score of others. All are easily and quickly reached by horse car and
dummy lines, which practically makes the District one city.

BiBMINGHAM. 17

For instance : Pratt Mines, with a population of G,000, is the same distance
from this city as the distance between Trinity Church and Central Park, New
York City — fifteen minutes' ride.

The estimated population of the Birmingham District, exclusive of the
city, and including Bessemer, is 20,000. In reality, then, this city sustains
a population of at least fi-oni G5,000 to 70,000.

The deduction from these facts and figures, expressed paradoxically, is
that Birmingham is really larger than appears, and is the largest city of its size
in the South. *

CHARACTER OF POPULATION.

About 40 per cent, of the population is colored. Statistics kept during
the last few years show the whites increasing in a more rapid ratio than
the blacks. The white element is for the most part composed of Alabamians,
with a large proportion from each of the Southern States — Georgia, Tennessee,
Mississippi, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Louisiana and Kentucky.
Fully 80 per cent, of the white population is native (Southern) born, and
75 per cent, of the business men are young men, full of energy, vim and a
wide-awake spirit. While conservative in views they are liberal in policy, and
have placed the commercial and manufacturing interests of the city on a basis
sound in principle, safe in nature and broad in character. It is fortunate,
indeed, for Birmingham that her future is in the hands of enterprising young
men, and a matter of pride to every Southern man to know the work here
accomplished has been chiefly through home energy and capital.

GREAT RAILWAY CENTER

Birmingham is one of the greatest railw^ay centers in the South, and has
but few equals in the North, and as an aspirant for commercial honors she has
but few successful rivals. The magnificent system of railroads which has
this city as a radiating point, the large banking facilities, its capital exceed-
ing largely that of any other city in the State, and its fine location as a dis-
tributing point have combined to insure its success.

The cool, calculating, far-seeing railroad magnates realize the future that
is in store for this city, and, heeding neither boom nor lull, are making
every effort to reach this modern " Eldorado." The roads already in operation,
including the Louisville & Nashville, Queen & Crescent, Georgia Pacific, and
Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham, are overcrowded with business, and
are continually enlarging their facilities for handling the rapidly increas-
ing traffic: The Louisville & Nashville alone has now sixty miles of branch
roads tapping the various mines, furnaces, manufactories, etc., of the District.
The Georgia Central and the Sheffield & Birmingham are now in operation,
the former having its tracks already completed to this city, with the exception
of a few unimportant connections. The Huntsville & Birmingham, the Mobile
& Birmingham, and the Georgia Pacific Extension, from Columbus, Miss., to the
Mississippi River, are already under construction, and the Selma & Birming-
ham and the Atlantic Air-Line are surveyed, and will probably be com-

PIIIIM^^^^^ i'pViiiiiii;iiii,iai;;i,-JrtfiiJiyiy

Birmingham.

menced soon. These and other roads contemplated show conclusively the
high position Birmingham holds in the estimation of the railroad world.
With such facts existing, what wonder that from a sage field in 1871 we have
a city of over 45,000 in 18SS, and the District approximates 70,000 souls,
which is more than double the population two years ago ?

The following diagram shows the roads now in operation, under construc-
tion and prospective for Birmingham, and their relative location on entering
the city :

(a) Projected. (6) Built to Selma.

There are also several belt roads and short mineral roads forming a perfect
network about the city.

The Union Passenger Station, the handsomest in the South, is in the
center of both the city and the " Railroad Reservation." The latter is a large
tract that was given for railroad purposes exclusively.

20 North A-labama.

T HE CITY

Birmingham is situated in Jones' Valley, and the city proper b dway
between the North and the South Highlands (Red Mountain), the distance
between these two ridges being two miles. The area occupied by
the city is five square miles. The surface is a succession of undu-
lating plateaus, with a gentle slope from north to south, which gives an
easy and natural drainage. The plan of the city was made with a view to
secure drainage and perfect street ventilation.

The city is brilliantly lighted with gas and two systems of electricity.
Horse cars and dummy lines penetrate in all directions, and it is admitted
that the street railway system is most perfect and complete. The city presents
a busy scene of activity unsurpassed in the South. Its architecture is becom-
ing each succeeding year more metropolitan in character, handsome buildings
going up on all sides. Those recently completed, and now building, four
to six-story structures, would be ornaments to any city of the Union.

f ITY GOVERNMENT

The city government consists primarily of a Mayor and a Board of Alder-
men, elected biennially, each ward being represented. The Treasurer, Clerk
of Council, City Engineer and the various commissioners on streets, sanitary
affairs, police, etc., are apijointed by the Mayor and Board of Aldermen. The
Board of Education is a separate body, elected for a term of years, and whose
exclusive duty is the welfare of the public schools. The city is under the
protection of an efficient police force and a fire department. The latter is
regarded among the best in the State. It is composed of both paid and volun-
teer companies. Electric fire alarm boxes are placed throughout the city,
and are connected with the two central alarm stations. Recent additions
have added greatly to the efficiency of the Department.

P LIMATE, HEALTH, ETC.

The climate will compare with that of any city in the South. Here is
never experienced the extremes of temperature found in the Northern Lake
States in winter and in the Gulf States in summer, seldom going above 90
degrees or lower than 15 degrees above zero. In summer, while the ther-
mometer sometimes rises among the nineties, the nights are always cool and
pleasant. The location is favorable, naturally conducive to pleasant summer
weather, for, being in a valley between mountain ridges, there are usually, day
and night, cool breezes. These mountain ridges protect and shield the city
from the cold winds of winter. Snow is of unfrequent occurrence, and the
streams are rarely frozen over. Occasionally, during the winter ice is found
one-fourth of an inch thick. The weather never gets so bad and disagreeable
as to cause a cessation of business, and this section is free from Northern
blizzards.

22 North Alabama.

The mortuary report of Birmingham shows a remarkably healthful city. The
average death rate of both white and colored is 16 in 1,000. This is the mojithly
average from statistics kept for several years past. The death rate among the
colored population, has been greater than this, and that among the whites less.
Compared with other cities the advantage is in favor of Birmingham. For
instance, in England the death rate at Leeds is 22 in the 1,000; Sheffield, 21 ;
Manchester, 27. Of American cities, San Francisco's mortuary report shows
19 to every 1,000 of the population ; Boston, 2-3; New Orleans, 24; Atlanta, 19;
Chicago, 31. The city has nothing, in its surroundings to produce disease^
and with a perfected system of drainage and an abundant supply of pure
mountain water, there is no reason why it should not be the most healthful
city in the Union.

fj RAINAGE AND SEWERAGE

There is a popular belief among people at a distance that this city has •
inferior drainage, and hence is in bad sanitary condition. There never was a
greater mistake. Many have this impression simply because Birmingham is
an inland city, while others ascribe various causes. We believe this city, while
unusually healthful now, will grow to be the most healthful city in the Union.
We will give some reasons for our belief :

The city being located on a succession of undulatory plateaus is so situated
as to subserve all the purposes of a natural drainage. When an adequate
sewerage system is completed, nothing more will be left to be desired in
this particular. The system adopted is the Waring, one of the best
and most popular known to sanitary engineering. This system is being
extended into all parts of the city as fast as possible, for it is the intention of
the authorities to make the sewerage perfect and complete.

This system has been adopted in Philadelphia, Chicago, Louisville, Kan-
sas City, Memphis, and other large cities. Birmingham was the first city south
of Memi^his to adopt it. Fifteen miles have been built within the last three
years, and it is being constructed at the rate of seven to eight miles a year.

The sewers are regularly flushed, and the offal is conducted four miles
southwest of the city where it is emptied into a large creek, which flows into ■
the Warrior River. This system of sewerage, in conjunction with the enlarged
water works system, is an admirable one, for it is most thorough and effectual
in improving the city's sanitary condition — thus promoting its healthfulness.

The natural drainage, supplemented with the admirable Waring system,
will leave nothing more to be desired regarding the sanitary condition of
Birmingham.

y ATER AND WATER WORKS

The supply of pure fresh water is of prime importance in a large, growing
city. It is at the very fountain head of health, and is a question always •
asked by prospective investors. The system of water works is owned and
controlled by the Birmingham Water Works Company, Avhieh is a guarantee

Birmingham. 23

oi satisfactoi-y management. The present supply is not equal to the future
demand, though it was thought to be when built. Being always alive ta
the best interests of Birmingham, both present and prospective, the Birming-
ham Water Works Company, at their meeting in May last, decided to appro-
priate $500,000 for the enlargement of the present system. The plan proposed
is to tunnel Red Mountain and bring water from the Cahaba River, a
distance of eight miles, which will give an abundant supply of freestone water
for a city of 500,000 population. This will give a pressure in the city that
■will throw streams to the tops of the highest buildings and will almost entirely
dispense with fire engines. It will be ample, also, for keeping the streets well
-watered, laying the dust in summer, and flooding and cleaning sewers^
In a few months the pure water from the Cahaba River on the east will be
brought into the city, the waste being conducted through pipes and sewers
until it reaches the Warrior River on the southwest. In other words, a river
of pure, freestone mountain water will flow directly through the city, fur-
nishing an abundant supply for all purposes, cleansing and purifying in its
course, and the natural result will be one of the cleanest and most healthful
cities on the continent. The conception to tunnel Red Mountain and turn the
Cahaba River through this city was a bold and grand one, and gives at
once the solution to the question of Birmingham's future health fulness. It is
confidently believed that this enlargement of the water works will be com-^
pleted wyitliin the next twelve months.

P ANKS, BANKING

A true exponent of the wealth of a city and degree of prosperity of its
business interests is the condition of its banks. The number, capital and
amount of business of Birmingham's banks is far in excess of other Southern
cities of the same size, and is larger ia many instances than cities double the
population. There axe five national, three private and three savings banks in
this city, with an aggregate capital surplus and undivided profit of $2,750,000.
The con^bined deposits will amount to $2,500,000, giving the total available
banking resources $5,250,000.

This is an unusual exhibit for a seventeen-year-old city, and is one of the
best evidences of the thrift, prosperity and immense amount of business trans-
acted. The banks are all committed to a wise and economic policy, and under
safe and conservative management.

p UBLIC SCHOOLS

One of the first questions asked by a stranger, or prospective citizen, is,
What are your educational facilities? Good schools are of prime importance^
for they are the leading factors in the elevation and enlightenment of citizen-
ship. The city has a system of Public Schools of which she may well feel
proud. The system embraces three Departments: Primary, Grammar and

24 North Alabama.

High School. In the High School a nominal tuition is charged ; the other
departments are free.

Equal and ample provision is made for colored children in separate huild-
ings. Several of the school edifices are vt^j' handsome in architectural design.
The system, though scarcely five years old, is ranked among the hest in the
South. It is an adaptation to the needs of the city. The course of study is com-
prehensive, and the instruction thorough. The pupils are taught by methods
which attract rather than repel, which make the prosecution of their studies
a labor of love rather than heavy drudging. Pupils who commence in the
Primary Department and follow the prescribed course until they complete the
High School studies, will have a finished collegiate education, such as is not
always afforded Ijy many colleges. The schools are under the supervision of a
Board of Education and Supei'intendent. The Board is composed of seven
members, the Mayor being an ex officio mend^er and President. The Super-
intendent is Secretary of the Board.

There are eight buildings, thirty-four scliools and thirty-eight teachers.
In round numbers the value of school property is .$100,000. The school
buildings are supplied with every convenience, well lighted and thoroughly
ventilated. The attendance for the present scholastic year will exceed 3,000.

Superintendent Phillips, in his last annual report, says of the growth of
the system :

"In forming an estimate of the character and efiiciency of our Public
School system, the newcomer or the critic must apply the same standard of
measurement that he would use with reference to any other department of
our municipal government. The age of the institution and the conditions of
its growth must be considered. No one expects the same degree of perfection,
the same harmony of conditions, in a city sixteen years of age and one whose
custom.s and institutions have been crystalized by the cumulating experience
of half a century. It must be renumibered that our present school system
represents a growth of hut five years. Until 1885 the schools vrere under the
control of the Board of Mayor and Aldermen. That body, overwhelmed with
a multiplicity of details incident to the building of a city, could not be
expected to give the schools the time or the attention their importance
demanded. The enactment of a law by tlie General Assembly in February,
1885, creating a Board of Education for the city, and prescribing its duties,
brought about a much desired change. The system as it now stands is suf-
ficient comment upon the work of this body since its organization.

"It must also be remembered that every sacccsfiful system of schools is a
growth, and that in all natural, healthy growth, time is an important element.
Favorable conditions may hasten it ; assiduous study and care may properly
direct it; conservative management may render it permanent. •■■ * *

" We may assert with safety that the Public School system of Birmingham
is in no sense an importation. It is simply a growth, developed by the
peculiar character of her people. It is a tangible response to a popular
demand, the embodiment of public sentin:kent "

CALDWELL HOUSE.

26 North Alabama.

]:[ OWARD COLLEGE— PRIVATE SCHOOLS

In addition to the pul)lic schools is Howard College, and a number of
private schocjls in the city and suburbs. Howard College, for boys and young
men, one of the oldest and best educational institutions of the State, is located
at East Lake, live miles distant. This institution is under the control, of the
Baptists, and has had a long record of usefulness. Until recently Marion,
Alabama, was its home. New and handsome buildings will soon be erected.
The attendance is one hundred and fifty. A more extended notice will be
found in another portion of this work.

Belleview Academy, a notice of which will be found elsewhere in
this volume, is located in the extreme northern part of the city. A young
ladies' seminary will soon be established in or near the city. Numerous
private schools for boys and girls are in all parts of the city and suburbs.
Witli such educational facilities there is nothing more to be desired in this
resjiect.

f HURCHES, SOCIETIES, ETC.

The religious and social advantages of Birmingham, as shown by the sub-
joined list, are indicative of the cosmo^iolitan character of the city. The
principal religious denominations are represented in the thirty-seven churches.
There are five military companies ; a gentlemen's social club, with a magnifi-
•cent clubhouse ; three German (dancing) clubs ; a lawn tennis association ;
a glee club ; two dramatic associations ; a Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals ; a United Charities Association ; two societies of German people ;
a post of the Grand Army of the Republic; two lodges of Good Templars;
six Masonic orders ; five lodges of Odd Fellows ; a lodge of Knights of Honor ;
two lodges of Knights and Ladies of Honor; twelve assemblies of Knights of
Labor ; three lodges of Knights of Pythias ; one lodge of the Knights of the
■Golden Rule ; one Ancient Order of United Workmen ; one Brotherhood of
Locomotive Engineers ; one Iron Molders' Union ; one National Union ; one
order of Iron Hall ; one order of Railroad Conductors ; oi>e Typographical
Union.

S TREET RAILROADS

No city of the South has a more complete and perfect street railroad sys-
tem. Indeed, there are few cities in the Union of even twice the pop-
ulation that have a system so efiicient. There are in operation here seven
dummy and seven horse car lines — fourteen in all. The former aggre-
gate forty-six miles, and the latter twenty miles, making a total of sixty-six

Birmingham. 27

•miles of street railways in operation. Almost every portion of the city can be
reached in a few minutes, the uniform fare being five cents for any distance.
"The dummy lines have done much toward building up the city, and develop-
ing and populating the outlying districts. Villages five, six and seven miles
•distant are, by this rapid transit, within only a few minutes' ride. As resi-
•dence suburbs they are popular with business men, and especially during the
.'.summer months.

The largest and most attractive of these

S UBURBAN VILLAGES

-are Avondale, East Birmingham, Gate City, North Birmingham, East Lake,
JEnsley City, Pratt Mines, Birmingham-Ensley, Smithfield, Elyton, Woodlawn,
Highlands, Lakeview, West End, Cleveland, Powderly and Jonesville, as well
as the larger places, Bessemer, Irondale and Leeds. At all are stores, churches
and schools.

The three popular summer resorts are Lakeview, North Birmingham and
East Lake. At each place are parks, lakes, walks, drives, pavilions, and all
the attractions of summer resorts. These places are liberally patronized by
•the citizens, and are each year becoming more beautiful.

p UBLIC BUILDINGS, RESIDENCES, ETC.

This city has a number of buildings, compkted and now building, which
'would be a credit to older and larger cities.

The character of buildings now being constructed are larger, more elab-
•orate and ornate, and are furnished with all the improved conveniences —
■water, elevators, electric light, etc. Congress has recently appropriated
$300,000 for the erection of a fine Government building, which will be among
the handsomest public buildiiogs in the State. The Union Depot is the largest
and handsomest in the South. The Episcopalians are erecting a handsome
•church, and one for the Presbyterians is nearing completion. The Baptists
have a fine church edifice on the North Side. The plans of a grand Masonic
Temple have been drawn, and it will probably be constructed in the near
future. In the number, beauty and style of her private residences, Birming-
ham will compare with any Southern city. On the North and South High-
lands are homes as beautiful as can be found anywhere. The style of archi-
-tecture is unique and beautiful.

Birmingham. 29

J AXES AND TAXATION

The surest evidence of the wealth, power and degree of prosperity of a
city is in the amount of its taxable property. In this respect Birmingham can
make an unusual exhibit. The valuation of property for taxable purposes in
the city in 1881 was $2,953,375.37 ; in 1887, $33,019,485.

Total assessed valuation of real estate for Jeflerson County:

1881 $ 2,698,515 81

1887 29,229,666 00

Total assessed valuation of personal i)roperty for Jefferson County :

1881 $ 1,853,445 37

1887 10,898,280 00

Total assessed valuation of real estate of Birmingham District :

1S81 $ 1,682.426 00

1887 23,954,588 00

Total assessed valuation of personal property of Birmingham District :

1881 $ 1,270,949 37

1887 9,064,897 00

Total State tax :

1881 $ 33,258 98

1887 221,501 76

Total county tax .

1881 $ 28,331 21

1887 100,319 86

These figures show what a marvelous growth there was in six years. The
rate of taxation is low, and is as follows :

City tax 51^ cents on $100

County tax 35 " " "

State tax 55 " " "

Total $1 4U " " "

This rate, taken in connection with the debt of the city — $355,000 — a mere
trifle, places Birmingham at the head of the list as to credit and solvency. The
3

North Alabama.

following comparative table, showing amount of debt and tax on each $100 of
fifteen important cities will be interesting :

NAME OF CITY.

Birmingham

Bath, Maine

Cincinnati, Ohio

Columbus, Ohio

Covington, Kentucky

Des Moines, Iowa

Jersey City

Milwauliee, Wisconsin

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania

Richmond, Virginia

Rochester, New York

Louisville, Kentucky

St Paul, Minnesota

Savannah, Georgia

Wilmington, North Carolina

Amount of Debt.

Tax on Each ?100.

355,000

9lAl%

1,618,000

2.50

20,700,000

2.38

1,700,000

2.26

1,023,000

1.85

500,000

4.50

15,000,000

2.90

2,200,000

2.50

1,500,000 •

1.92

]3,.370,000

2.92

4,750,000

1.95

5,300,000

2.86

4,100,000

2..35

2,000,000

2.10

3,000,000

3.00

520,000

1,75

Bath, Des Moines, Savannah, Covington and Wilmington have less popu-
lation than Birmingham, yet the debt of each and rate of taxation are much
larger.

Of the other cities it will be found, when population is taken into con-
sideration, that the comparison will be in favor of Birmingham. The annexed
table shows the population, assessed value, annual expenses and debt per
capita of the principal cities in the United States :

San Francisco, Cal

Louisville, Ky

New Orleans, La

Baltimore, Md

Boston, Mass

Detroit, Mich

St. Paul, Minn

Kansas City, Mo

St. Louis, Mo

Newark, N. J

Albany, N. \'

Buffalo, N. Y'

Brooklyn, N. Y

Rochester, N. Y

New York, N. Y

Cleveland, O

Cincinnati, O

Pittsburg, Pa

Philadelphia, Pa

Charleston, S. C

Nashville. Tenn

Galveston, Tex

Richmond, Va

Norfolk, Va

Birmingham (1888) on a basis of

1880 Census.
Population.

233,959

123,758

216,090

332,313

362,839

116,340

41,473

55,785

3.50,518

136,.508

90,758

1.55,134

566,663

89,366

1,206,299

160,146

255,139

156,387

847,170

49,98-1

43,350

22,248

63,600

21,906

45,000

Assessed Value
Per Capita.

$1,045 00
532 00
425 00
734 00
1,690 00
715 00
579 00
190 00
472 00
611 00
372 00
541 00
411 00
471 00
907 00
441 00
664 00
599 00
087 00
451 00
308 00
070 00
621 00
503 00
733 00

Annual Ex-
pense per
Capita.

$24 20

12 26
7 22

21 96
50 51

13 57
12 37

5 60
16 59
40 25
12 99

9 22
25 27

12 31
55 20
16 35
25 25

15 86
27 58

13 78
11 58
13 46

16 94
19 07

4 00

Debt
Per Capita.

$13 08

39 19
82 08

2 57
77 84
19 62

36 81
24 00

65 18

66 44

40 59
52 93

67 13
60 00
90 71
40 38
86 20
90 38
64 01
82 61

37 05
45 99
69 17
99 58

Birmingham. 31

V- OLUME OF BUSINESS

The annual volume of the iron, coal and miscellaneous manufacturing
business is $25,000,000. The wholesale and retail trade aggregates $26,000,000,
and the combined railroad business is $5,000,000, making in all a grand total of
fifty-six millions. It must be remembered the figures of to-day will not be
accurate to-morrow. The city is rapidly growing, expanding in all direc-
tions, and there is scarcely a day that does not witness the inauguration of
some new mercantile or manufacturing enterprise. The iron and coal inter-
ests were never larger or more prosperous than now. The wholesale business a
few years ago was insignificantly small, now it is a leading factor in the city's
commercial growth. This city is peculiarly located for conducting a large
jobbing trade. Its central position, numerous railroads, ample capital and
wealth of resources — all make it the natural supply depot for the Central
South. We will take occasion to state just here that the total amount of capital
employed in banking, merchandising, manufacturing and mining in Birming-
ham and JeflTerson County is $57,165,000. The manufactured product is
shipped throughout the United States, to Canada, Mexico, and exported to
JEuropean countries.

]^ EAL ESTATE— A CONSERVATIVE VIEW

Written especially for this publication by Gilmer Meriwether, Esq., Birmingham.

There has been a deal of talk for and against Birmingham real estate,
extreme opinions having been freely expressed on both sides. Birmingham
will be most benefited by what it most needs — a plain statement of facts,
which we state as a preface to this subject.

The population is between 45,000 and 50,000. It is situated 600 to 700 feet
above sea level, and possesses a mild and invigorating climate. The system of
j-ailroads, dummy lines and street railroads is very complete and is steadily
enlarging. The streets and sidewalks are, as a rule, inferior, owing to the
growth of the city, which has been so rapid for the past two years that it has
been impossible to keep pace in the matter of street improvements. The
water works (recently completed) supply pure water from springs located
seven (7) miles above the city. The natural incline of the valley is sufficient
ior all drainage purposes. The sewerage system of the city is fairly good and
is being rapidly improved. The debt, which consists of 8 per cent, twenty-year
bonds, issued for general city improvement, amounts to only $355,000, being
scarcely more than 1 per cent, of the taxable value of city property. Taxes
«ire light, State, county and city amounting to only 1.415 per hundred dollars,
of which ninety cents is State and county.

There is a well-founded opinion among non-interested parties that, taking
the present status of the city into consideration, regardless of its future, the
prices of real estate are, as a general thing, in advance of the size and wealth

^5,

Birmingham. 33

of the city. A corner lot sold during " The Boom " for $1,000 per front foot, and
■could not now be bought for less money. The prices of central business prop-
-erty range from $300 to $1,000 per front foot, and when well improved pro-
•duces from 10 per cent, to 20 per cent, on the total cost of lot and building.
Prospective business lots are worth from $50 to $300 per front foot, and are
-jiow almost universally occupied as residences.

Strictly residence property, well located as to neighborhood and availa-
bility, is worth from $30 to $80, and when located in the manufacturing portion
of the city brings from $10 to $30 per foot. While the higher priced property
of this class does not produce the percentage that should be derived from the
investment, that ranging from $10 to $50 nets from 15 per cent, to 30 per cent,
•on total amount invested. Acre property situated in the valley within six
miles of the city is held at from $50 to $500 per acre, prices varying according
to distance from city, proximity to dummy railroads, general location, etc.
The immediate income which this can be made to produce is insignificantly
.small. Summing up the preceding with reference to the present only, we
•draw the following conclusions: First. Business property and the cheaper
^class of residence property are good investments even at boom, prices. Second.
Prospective business property, the better class of residence property and acre
property are held at prices not warranted by the size of the city. A large pro-
portion of investors, therefore, must rely on the future success of the city to
make their property produce a paying income.

In the matter of centrally located business property, prices are not high
■when compared to those in many Northern and Western cities. A great many
^people have misunderstood the price of real estate in Birmingham. In order
."to show the price of city lots here, in contrast to prices ruling in towns and
••cities, let us give a few figures —

In St. Paul business property is now selling at from $1,800 to $2,500 per
4ront foot. Between St. Paul and Minneapolis is an "open" of say twelve
miles; midway between these two towns, and among farms and cabbage
igardens, property is now selling at between $150 and $200 per front foot. In
Fargo, Dak., on the Red Kiver of the North, property is readily sold at $1,400
•to $1,800 per front foot. This is in a town of 8,000 inhabitants, dependent
lupon wheat alone. In Helena, Mon., a town of 20,000 population, a mile from
lown and 800 feet from the railroad station, property sold in July at $180,000,
ior 180 feet front. At Seattle, on Puget Sound, property sells at $2,500 per
iront foot. In San Francisco, on Sacramento street, not a business street, 34
sfeet front was sold in July for $29,500. In Los Angeles, Cal., property brings
■easily $3,500 per front foot, and outside lots from $250 to $300 per front foot.
iln San Diego, Cal., business property readily brings $3,000 per front foot.

Now, compare this exhibit with prices asked in Birmingham, which
lias equal, if not superior advantages, to any of the towns named. Here the
highest piece of property has been sold, one lot, 100xl82J, for $1,000 per front
jfoot. A few lots favorably located have brought $700 to $750 per front foot.
Thus much for what the public has understood to be the excessively high
iprices ruling in Birmingham.

Birmingham's future success, on which many investors are dependent, is
Ibased upon the proximity and availability of the deposits of coal, iron and
ilimestone, shown, by succeeding articles, to exist in such unlimited quantities.

34 North Alabama.

A town of 50,000 is but a mere village comYjared to the city which the-
unequaled mineral resources of this section will support. Upon these resources^,
then, rests the secret of the so-called (nominally) high prices. Regardless-
of the future thty are high, and have always been so ; in fact, were higher
when the property could have been purchased for $10 per acre than now when
the same sells for $100 per foot. And are higher now at $100 per foot than
they will be ten years hence at ten times that amount. It takes no prophet to
divine the future of Birmingham. It is as certain as is the fact that self-
interest and avarice are the incentives which will continue through the ages-
to move mankind.

P ENTS, COST OF LIVING

In considering the advantages of a city there are none of more vital import-
ance, at least to the laborer, than the questions of rent and cost of living. Much;
unfavorable comment by non-residents has been made regarding high rents
here. Rents were high, and some classes of property are still high — the natural
effect of an unprecedented demand for houses during " The Boom " of.
1886-87. In a rapidly growing city rents are always high and command a.
premium. There has not been a time here in four years until now when there
were enough houses for the people. The large number of new houses built
within the last year has removed a great pressure. Present prices are accord-
ing to the location and character of the house. Cottages of three to four
rooms, located half a mile from the business center, rent from $12 to $15 per
month, one mile distant, $10 to $12 per month ; two to three-room houses in
suburbs rent for $3 to $5 per month ; houses from seven to ten rooms bring from,
$25 to $50, according to location ; single rooms in the business center rent,,
furnished, from $10 to $15 per month ; unfurnished, from $4 to $10. Centrally
located business property commands fancy rents, and there is no city in the
country where an investment in central city property will pay better than here
in Birmingham. Good stores in business center rent from $75 to $300 jser
month. The large number of new stores and residences going up will have
the effect of equalizing rents, and in October next prices will be reduced ta
figures at which no tenant can complain.

Next in importance to rents is the cost of living. Groceries are as cheap
here as in any city of the same size, competition causing only a small margin
of profits on all staple commodities. Vegetal>les, country produce and fruits
in season are furnished in abundance from the truck farms and gardens of
Jefferson and adjacent counties. Fish, oysters and game reach here in a few
hours from the Gulf. The city has two public markethouses, located nearly
a mile apart — one on the North and the other on the South Side. . We have-
not given prices of eatables, for the prices to-day change to-morrow. We will
say, in a word, that the housekeeper can supply her table as cheaply here as
anywhere, and have a market supplied with all the luxuries and delicacies of
the season. Good cooks can be hired for $(i to $10 per month ; chambermaids,.
$4 to $6 ; nurses, $2 to $5. Laundries and laundry women abound,. and charges.

36 North Alabama.

for work are moderate. The domestics are almost entirely colored, but are
industrious and respectful. Board for laboring men is $3 to $5 per week. The
l)est class private board ranges from $5 to $7 per week. These prices include
rooms. The uniform rate per day is $2, and restaurants 25 cents to 75 cents
per meal. There are seventeen hotels, thirty-three restaurants and eighty-three
boarding-houses in Birmingham.

M ANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES

Birmingham is the workshop of the South, for as a manufacturing center
it is unrivaled. Articles of iron, wood, glass, cotton, etc., can be made as
cheaply here as at any point in the Southern States. This fact is due to sev-
eral reasons : to the abundance and cheapness of the crude material, the
cheapness of fuel and labor, mildness of climate, low rates of transportation,
and proximity of market for product. The merchant or manufacturer, when
considering the advantages of various localities, will always give due importance
to the prospective future of each. Iron is in abundance, and is manufactured
cheaper here than any place in the United States. We refer the reader to the
article on this subject found elsewhere in this volume.

Fuel is at nominal cost, for coal exists in inexhaustible quantities just at
the furnace doors of every manufactory. In quantity and variety of material,
Nature has used a lavish hand in her bestowment. All varieties of hard
woods abound in the surrounding counties, and almost every kind of mineral
is found, and nearly every article of merchandise can be produced, in the
Birmingham District, of native material. Manufactories of any kind
would thrive and do well here. Labor is easily and cheaply procured. Skilled
white labor from the North would here find a profitable field, and each year is
becoming more in demand. Another advantage is the fact that this is an all-
the-year-round temperate climate. There is no time during the winter when
the cold is sufficient to stop outdoor work, and thus full time is made.

The network of railroads and competitive lines have reduced freight rates
to a minimum of cost. The belt roads encircling the city tap all the
through trunk lines, and along them are sites for 500 manufacturing establish-
ments. The market for this product is near at hand, and there should be really
no necessity of going outside of this and adjoining States to find consumers.
Taking Birmingham as the center of a circle whose radius is 150 miles, the
population of this circle will be found to be no less than two million souls.

Birmingham is fitted both by nature and art to be the home of manufac-
tories, and industries are seeking the place just as certainly and naturally as
water seeks its level. This city is already the greatest industrial center in the
Southern States, and for the number of furnaces, industries, etc., we refer to
tabulated statements in this work. The following manufacturing industries
would thrive here :

Balances and Scales, Barbed Wire Fencing, Tube Works, Wire Cloth, Car
Wheels, Picks and Shovels, Hydrants, Lightning Rods, Nails (large) and Spikes,
Wire Rope, Telegraph Wire, Coal Screens, Cotton Mills, Cotton Ball Cord,

Birmingham.

Cotton Dncli and Canvas, Cotton Fire Hose, Letter-copying Presses, Printing
Presses, Iron Furniture, Iron Store Fronts, Drilling Machines, Dumb-bells,
Fire Engines, Iron Statuary, Machinery of all kinds, Fancy Hardware, Trunks>
Tannery, Boots and Shoes, Leather Belting, Cotton Belting, Candles, Furniture.
Miscellaneous. — Steel Engraving AVorks, Costumer.

B IRMINGHAM'S PAY ROLL

A STATISTICAL STATEMENT OF THE RESOURCES OF THE CITY AS SHOWN BY
ACTUAL AMOUNTS PAID IN WAGES AND SALARIES.

Compiled especially for this publication by W. E. Russell, of Birmingham.

Facts and figures speak volumes to the practical business man. Mere
assertions, though they be seemingly incontrovertible in their nature, vary in
their influence upon the reader, or listener, in the exact proportion that he
ascribes to the writer, or speaker, selfish or disinterested motives, good or
■weak judgment Facts are dispassionate, if they be not misnomers. In other
-words, if they exist, the reader can see betw-een the lines more truth than
-would be conveyed to him by a hundred unproved assertions. The following
statistics are the result of careful personal investigation by the writer. In all
instances figures below, rather than above, the actual averages have been
taken. If the reader needs any verification of the same he is respectfully
referred to any and all of the firms or corporations herein mentioned :

NAME.

No. of
Men.

Monthly

Wages and

Salaries.

Product.

United States Government —

Marshals, Commissioners. Attorneys

<a) Postoffice _

Jeflferson County

(to) Municipal

Alabama Abstract Co

Alabama Great Southern R. R. Co

Alabama lee and Cold Storage Co

Alabama Iron Works...

Alabama Rolling Mill Co

Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association

<6) Avondale Lumber and Milling Co

Avondale Stove and Foundry Co

<c) Artificial Stone Co

Baltimore <fe Ohio Express Co

<d) Baxter Stove and Manufacturing Co

]3irmingham Bridge and Bolt Works

<c) Birmingham Clothing Manufacturing Co..

Birmingham Fire Brick Co

Birmingham Flooring Co

Birmingham Gas and Illuminating Co

Birmingham Ice and Cold Storage Co

Birmingham Iron Works

Birmingham Machine and Foundry Co

<e) Birmingham Rolling Mill Co

Birmingham Soap Works

Birmingham Steam Bottling Works

Birmingham Tack Works

8
21
.54

1(J0
10

54S
17
36

210
6
13
16
15
8

200
40
25
70
10
35
36
90

100

,000

109

906

.512
500
,000
900
,400
000
,700
,292
500
400

.500
500
,000
000
4.50
000
300
.500
300
850
000
000
.500
4.50
200

1.50,000 ft. monthly.
50 stoves daily.

150 stoves daily.

45 tons daily.

190 tons (finished)

[monthly.
125 tons (finished)

[daily.

North Alabama.

No of
Men.

(/) Birmingham Tool Works

Birininglmm Union Railway Co

(r) Birmingham Water Works t'o

(/) Blnolc I>iam<iud .Mining (V>

Brewer, W. 1'. (Sasli, Door, Blind and Furniture
Factory)

Builders' Supplies Co

Caldwell Printing Co

Crellin <& Nails (Iron Works)

Crotwell, W. T. (Planing Mill)

Dunnavant, J. H. (Carriage Manufacturer)

East Birmingham Iron Rooting and Corrugating
(Company

Edison Electric Illuminating Co

Elyton Land Co-
Car Works

Rolling Mill

Miscellaneous

Enterprise Manufacturing Co. (Wooden Goods)

Eureka Co. (Furnaces and Mines)

Excelsior Steam Laundry

Florence Hotel

Georgia Pacific Railroad Co

Henderson Steel Co

(r) Highland Avenue & Belt Railroad Co

Hughes, C. T. ctCo., (Planing Mill)

Jeilerson Brick Co

Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham R. R. Co

Louisville & Nashville Railroad (^o

Lunsford, George (Brick Yard)

Contracting work

Sub-contracting work

Magic City Steam Bottling Works i

(g) Marbury, .Tones ct Co. (.Planing Mill)

(/i) Mary Pratt Furnace Co j

Moore & Knight (Brick Yard)

North Birmingham Street R. R. Co

Schillinger (Phil) Brewing Co

(i) Sloss Iron and Steel Co—

Coalburg 800 men 22,000

Irondale ir,0 " 2,7'iOi

Four Furnaces 1,200 " 27.000;

Sloss Mines 7,(it;7

Office .'.. s'ooo

250

63
9

35
18
12
20

IS
80

200

250

200
30

700
19
50

600
15

250
30
40

175

1,237

175
12
9
.50
30
31
30

Smith Sons Gin and Machine Co

Snow, J. W. & Co. (Carriage Manufacturers)

(1) Southern District Telegraph and Electric Co-
Southern Express Co

(h) Tennessee Coal and Iron Co-
Alice Furnace,
Four Enslev Furnaces,
Pratt Mines (coal),
Linn Iron Works, J

(1) Thompson Brick Co

Union Transfer Co

Williamson Iron Works-
Furnace, )
Iron Works, J

■Wilson House

R. Rochester (Grocer)......'.'.'.!.'.'.""."!"

D. A. Childs & Co. (Dry Goods)

Harralson Bros. & Co. (Tobacco)...

Ullm4n Hardware Co

P. J. Gillan (Contractor)

(n) Western Union Telegraph Co..

Towers Hardware Co

Figh & Williams (Contractors)

Larney Bros. (Stone Contractors).

Union Depot

Perry-Mason Shoe Co !!.!!!!!!!!!!!

2,i:-.0
30
12
15
10

200

30
12
13
5
8
40
32
12
50

Monthly

Wages and

Salaries.

S9,000
4,500
2,000
4,000

2,640
300

1,.500
500
500
700

800
600

9,000

10,000

5,500

1,500

22,750

,500

1,000

20,000

1,200

4,500

1,500

1,600

7,500

56,800

600

920

10,000

500

300

3,000

800

1,600

1,000

62,337

1,-500

600

672

1,150

97,000

1,100
600

7,500

700

500

625

500

380

1,700

1,208

G50

2,000

1,200

1,700

1,000

Product.

Furnaces 1.50 tons

[daily.

40,000 daily.

58 tons daily.
20,000 daily.

400 tons daily.

1,000 machines this,
[year.

175 tons daily.
600 tons daily.
3,000 tons daily.

20,000 daily.

50 tons daily.

Birmingham.

NAME.

Chas. Pearce & Co. (Contractors)

Winkley Printing Co

Palace Royal Hotel

Lunsford Hotel

Public Schools, for Teachers

Metropolitan Hotel

Adler& Co. (Wholesale Grocers)

Moore & Handley Hardware Co

Frances* Chenoweth, Hardware

Milner & Kettig (Mill and Furnace Supplies)
Newspapers —

Age 1

Herald,

Chronicle,

News,

Sentinel, |

American Newspaper Union, J

Hughes Lumber Co

Birmingham Mining and Manufacturing Co

Morris Bros. (Ore Mines)

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co

Woodward Iron Company

Edwards Iron Company

(/) Pioneer Mining and Manufacturing Co..

Blue Creek Mines

McNamara Mines

J. S. Carr & Co

(q) Railroad Contractors

Banks-
Alabama National

American "

Berney "

Birmingham "

Birmingham Savings

B'ham Trust & Sav. Co

First National

Jeflferson Co. Savings

Peoples Savings I

Steiner Bros. J

(f) Birmingham Furnace and Manufacturing Co

New Castle Coal Mines

Ala.-Conuellville Coal it Coke Company

Henryellen Coal Company

(p) Thomas Furnace Company

(/) Caldwell Hotel Company."

Woodward Furnace Company

(o) Abendroth & Fisher, Knebel Engine Co,

Wharton Flouring Mills, Drennen & Company,

A Hirsch, F. Caheen, Charles Neumann,

Loveman & .Joseph, C. H. Francis & Co.,

H. W. Perry ife Co., Royster Provision Company,

Opera House Hotel,

Birmingham Cotton Compress, 1-

Bessemer Dummv Line, |

Ensley Railway Company,

Avondale Ice Co., Birmingham Safe & Lock Co., |

Rogers Printing Company, Roberts & Sou,

Allen, Scott & Co., C. S. .Simmons, I

McLester & VanHoose, Standard Oil Company, J

Miscellaneous (see table below)

Grand totals ■. 22,011

No. of
Men.

150

40
27.')
600

27
253

51
159
211

43
318

594
85
120
264
703

3,782

Monthly
Wages and
Salaries.

$3,000

500

325

500

2,700

1,209

1,1.50

1,000

960

2,800

8,400

1,800
6,500

21,150
1,122

13,500

3,00
8,700

14,800
4,200
2,300

13,500

7,350

13,140
5,000
7,500
18,000
18,008
2,100

15,010

121,670

$834,241

Product.

225 tons daily
40 tons daily
125 tons daily

200 tons daily.

200 •'

300 "

600 " "

200 "

REFERENCE NOTES.

(a) Postal account, including stamps, postal cards (not including money orders) for year-
beginning April 1, 1887, and ending March 31, 1888, 8.57,000.
(6) Own their own houses. Rent, 83.50 to fio per month.
(c) Are making arrangements to more than double their force.

North Alabama.

(d) Have homes for their men ; rent three-room plastered houses at $8 per month. Pay
for skilled labor (molders), 82.50 to 83..50 daily. Buy their metal from home furnaces.

(e) Pay cash, Pittsburg scale of wages for skilled labor. Unskilled labor from ?1 to |3.
(/) Are about ready to commence operations on basis as stated.

(g) Will increase force very soon.

{h) Buy their coke and contract for the mining of their ore; in consequence, need less
•employees. Have thirteen houses for their men ; rent for four-room houses, SS per month.

(I) At this writing this company is working two of the four furnaces. The other two are
nearing completion, and will be blown in about Sept. 1, 1888, and will necessitate a doubling
all around of the company's operations. The figures given are for the increased development.

(j) District messenger service, general electrical and electric lighting.

(A) This is the wage roll of this company for the liirmingham District only.

(l) Have some houses of their own ; rent, $■', per month.

(to) Force includes 30 police, a Chief, Captain and Lieutenant, 23 in Fire Department and
.a Chief, 22 in Sanitary Department, 5 engineers, 3 in market, 1 city weigher, 1 city physician,
7 street bosses and 3 in office.

(n) Cash receipts higher than any office in Southern District, except New Orleans and
Atlanta. During a portion of last year higher than Atlanta.

(o) For various reasons not itemized, some happened to be " out " or " too busy " every
time ; others preferred to come under a general head, and the balance were omitted until
too late for classification. The estimate is carefully made.

(p) Burn their own coke ; in consequence need more men.

(5) Only those estimated whose employes reside in Birmingham.

(r) Controlled by Elyton Land Company.

MISCELLANEOU.S.

The following table does not include in the estimates any amounts of the
a.bove list. The enumeration of the separate business houses is a carefully-
revised compilation from Polk's Directory of the City of Birmingham for the
year 1888. The approximations of the number of employes and amounts paid
.are made from very conservative averages based upon the writer's personal
knowledge of the various business houses of this community. A determina-
tion to be within the bounds of truth has undoubtedly made the estimates of
this table lower than the facts themselves would warrant.

BUSINESS.

Architects

Artists ;

Auctioneers

Bakers and Confectioners

Barbers (Proprietors)

Blacksmiths

Boarding Houses

Books and Stationery

Boot and Sboemakers

Boots and Shoes (Wholesale)

" (Retail)

Brick Manufacturers

Brokers (Merchandise)

" (Stocks and Bonds)

Carriage and Wagon Makers

Cigars and Tobacco (Wholesale;

(Retail)

Civil Engineers and Surveyors

Clothing (Retail)

Coal and Wood

■Colleges and Schools (Private)

Commission Merchants

Contractors, Carpenters and Builders
■Cotton Buyers and Brokers

No.

Total
No.
Employ-
ees.

30
40
25
1.50
12
30

40
100
3
10
21

25
10
50
25
15
30
500
10

Average
Monthly
Wages.

Total
Monthly.

«1,125

.50

2.50

1,200

1,000

1,800

.50

COO

1,200

.50

2,000

3,500

150

.50

500

1,250

.30

750

2,000

1,000

600

.50

1,500

25,000

500

Birmingham.

BUSINESS.

No.

Total
No.
Employ-
ees.

Dairies

Dentists

Detective Agencies

Dressmakers

Druggists— Wholesale

Retail

Dry Goods— Wholesale

" " Retail

Dyers and Scourers

Employment Agencies

Engravers

Fruits— Wholesale

" Retail

Furniture

General Stores

Grocers— Wholesale

Retail

Hardware— Wholesale

Retail

Harness Makers

Hats and Caps

Hay, Grain and Feed

Hotels

Insurance Agents

Accident

Fire

Life

Justices of Peace

Land Companies

Laundries ,

Lawyers

Leather

Livery Stables

Locksmiths

Lumber

Mackiuery

Marble Works ,

Mattress Manufacturers

Meats

Mercantile Agencies

Millinery

Music

Newsdealers

Newspapers— Dailv

Weekly

Paints, Oil and Glass

Pawnbrokers

Photographers

Physicians

Pianos and Organs

Planing Mills

Plumbers

Produce

Real Estate Agents

Restaurants

Saloons

Servants

Sewing Machine Agencies

Stock Yards

Stoves and Tinware

Tailors

Tea, Coffee and Spices

Tinners

Transfer Lines

Undertakers

Veterinary Surgeons

Wall Paper

Watches, Clocks and Jewelry..

27
12
2.3

8
189
3
.5
8
11
10
17

128

Totals.

30
.5

20
10
20

100

3
15

5
20
50
24

;500

10
10
8
10
200
10

Ayerage
Monthly
Wages.

::■*

•:■■

=::

-:•'::

■>'■.<

«;

100

:;"»

1,000

•>

*■•:>

1,529

3,782

840

20
50
50

30
40

.50
40
40
50
50
40
40

50
50
40
40
25
50

.50
40
25
40
50
25

40
50
60
40
40
50
30
40

50
40
50
50

30
50
10
50
40
50
40
50
50
30
50

50
60

Total
Monthly.

SI, 200
375

400

500

1,000

3,000'

480

150

600

200

1,000

2,, 500

960

12,000

500
.500
320
400
5,000
■500

300
3,000
750
800
100
1,260

2,800
500-
900
160

1,600
150
450
200

.500

150

.300
2,400

750
1,500

3,000
5,000
10,000
,500
200
750
800
250
250
60l)
500

2,90
1,800

8121,679

* Referred to in main table.

** Business does not necessitate employees.

North Alabama.

These statistics show —

r Daily $ ?.2,080 19

mi . oo /-.ii 1 -I Weekly 208,500 25

That 22,011 employes receive iyi„„ti;,y ,s:;4;241 00

[ Yearly.". . $10,010,892 00

That Birmingham pays out more money in wages and salaries tJuin any
<city of the same population in tlie United Slates.

That the twenty-one furnaces of Birmingham (not including the furnaces of
the DeBardeleben Coal & Iron Company at Bessemer) have a daily output of
2,073 tons of pig iron. Making allowances for time for repairs for sixty-five
days in the year, and multiplying the above figures by 300, will give a yearly
■output of 621,900 tons. In another portion of the book, figures have been
given, taken from the report of the American Iron and Steel Association,
showing the entire output of the State of Alal)ama for 1887 to be 292,762 tons,
■and that the output of that year made Alabama siRud fifth in the rank of iron-
producing States, being exceeded only by Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and
New York (New York having an output of only 400 tons more). If, during
■the present year, Birmingham alone more than doubles the entire State, what
will be Alabama's rank in the next report of the Iron and Steel Association?

That, taking one and a half tons of coke to the ton of iron, it will require
5,110 tons of coke daily, or 933,000 tons for the year for Birmingham itself. In
the article on "Coke" in this book, the estimate of 1,000,000 tons required
from this section will be seen to be a very conservative statement.

That by a low average of $5 in product or business to the $1 paid for
emi)loyes, the city's trade may be roughly computed ni fifty viiUions yearly.

LAKKVIEW PA UK AND HOTEL.

Birmingham. 43

I^ ED MOUNTAIN ORE

LOCATION AND EXTENT.

The fossil ore belt has been the main dependence of the rapidly advancing
coke and iron industries of Alabama, and in describing them Messrs. McCreath
and D'Invilliers thus speak of the Clinton, or ' Eed Mountain ' ores as they are
locally termed. " The ore is found in the Red Mountain group of rocks cor-
responding to the Clinton epoch of New York, and to that of Pennsylyania,
which, in this portion of Alabama, forms monoclinal hills on either side of an
anticlinal valley of Combus-Silurian limestone, in which Birmingham is sit-
uated. These hills rise 200 or 250 feet above the plane of the valley, their
crests practically working the outcrop of the iron ore, and are remarkably
regular and persistent as ridges throughout the length of the State, northeast
and southwest. The East Red Mountain ore group has a thickness of 22 feet
for a few miles south of Binningham, but no such development is found to
the north or south of this area, nor on the parallel ridge on the western side
of the valley. The present ore supply comes very largely from this portion of
the East Red Mountain, the Redding Mines here being the most extensive in
operation in the district. It is at these mines that the Clinton ore has its finest
development ; it is worked on its outcrop in long, open cuts 40 or 50 feet deep
b}' short cross cuts through the overlying measures, and by a slope now sink-
ing on the bed from a little above water level. The dip is southeast 20° to 30°
toward the Cahaba Coal Fields, and conforms to the slope of the mountain.
The overlying strata, capping the ore bed here, and for some distance north
and south, are nowhere over 25 to 30 feet thick, consisting of red shale, thin-
bedded sandstone and some white chert. The total thickness of the ore beds
is about 22 feet in two main divisions separated by a few inches of slate. The
ore outcrop extends along the East Red Mountain south of Birmingham a dis-
tance of at least thirty-five (35) miles to Vance's Station, and varies in thick-
ness from 4 to 22 feet. See page 88 of 1886 Reports. " Various analyses here
appended show the metallic irons that run over 45 per cent. See page 89 of 1886
Reports. From Birmingham to Woodstock and Green Pond, twenty-five (25)
miles down the valley, the Clinton has its maximum thickness, and has in some
places deposits of good ore twenty (20) feet thick, attaining its maximum at
Eureka."

IRON AND STEEL MAKING AT BIRMINGHAM.

Birmingham. 45

We quote also the following from Henry McCalley, A. M., Assistant State
Geologist :

Hematite, or red iron ore, is at present the principal ore and main
dependence of the majority of the furnaces now in blast in the State of Ala-
bama. It is highly esteemed as an ore, and in its purest forms rivals even in
richness the brown ore. It occurs principally in the Upper Silurian formation
along the mountainous sides and the ridges and hills of the anticlinal valleys
of the State, and in the metamorphic rocks of East Alabama. These Upi^er
Silurian rocks with their imbedded seam of red ore, are a most persistent
formation, reaching irregularly along the eastern escarpment of the Alleghany
IMountains from Canada, through New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ten-
nessse and Georgia, to about Pratt's Ferry, Alabama, on the Cahaba River,
where they become hid from sight b}' the newer, overlying unconformable
strata. For this whole distance, the band of red ore is said to be almost con-
tinuous, but nowhere developed to such an extent as here in Alabama. It is
reported in New York to be 2 feet thick; in Pennsylvania, 4 feet; in Ten-
nessee, 7 or 8 feet, and in Alabama it occurs, within 150 feet of strata, in three
seams with a combined average thickness of ore of about 25 feet. These three
seams of ore are separated by sandstones and shales. Alabama seems, there-
fore, to have of this valuable ore the lion's share. It belongs to the Clinton
group of the Upper Silurian formation, and here in Alabama was brought to
the surface by the great anticlinal upheavals. The bands of ore usually occur
on both sides of our long narrow, anticlinal valle\'s, and are frequently dupli-
cated on one or both sides, by folds and faults, and if the parts here in Ala-
bama were stretched out in a single straight line they would doubtless reach
some 400 or 500 miles. They are in regular stratified layers, and from their
nature and position would seem to extend down indefinitely. They are
frequently very fossiliferous, though the quality and richness of the ore varies
from place to place along the outcrop, and as it is gone down into. On the
surface, it is richest ; seeming to have been leached, becoming more and more
calcare®us downward, until a point is reached after which its composition
would doubtless remain constant. On the supposition that the quantity and
quality of this ore in Alabama are far below what we really believe them to
be, or that it will form a seam 50 miles long with an available thickness of
only 10 feet and an average of only 10 per cent, of metallic iron, and a specific
gravity of only 3. all the way down, and we will still have for every foot of
descent nearly 70,000 tons of metallic iron. It would, therefore, take a descent
of less than six feet, even into this greatly reduced seam, to build us a railroad
around the earth. The above supposition, we believe, is far within the real
state of things, for the reasons that much of the available ore has 50 per cent,
of metallic iron, and a thickness, in one of the seams of at least 15 feet, and a
specific gravity of nearly 4. This ore is oolitic in structure, or composed of
large glazed grains of various sizes cemented together and oftentimes flattened.
It is most frequently fossiliferous. Its impurities are sawdy and argillaceous
matters and carbonate of lime. The presence of the latter is rather an advan-
tage, as it can be made to answer the part of a flux, and the argillaceous mat-
ters are not in sufficient quantities to require the washing of the ore. It is
the easiest of all iron ores to work, and yields an excellent grade of iron. This
famous ore is especially well developed here near Birmingham, where, with its
partings of shale, it reaches an average thickness of so<ne 30 feet, well defined
between strata of hard ferruginous sandstone, and is of superior quality, both
as to purity and richness. The local name. Red Mountain, has been given
here to both the ridges and the geological group, which contains this valuable
ore. It has been mined here in Red Mountain considerably for the last few
years, until now its daily output must be over 1,000 tons. It is not used alone
in the furnaces, but as a mixture with a small fraction of its own weight of
limonite from aiong tlie anticlinal valleys below its outcrops. This deposit of
iron ore is not only the largest in the State, but is regarded as one of the
mineral wonders of the world. The hematite of the older or metamorphic
rocks of East Alabama, which is called specular ore, is not so well known, and
4

North Alabama.

though believed to exist in very consideral^le quantities, is comparatively
insijrnificant in this respect when compared with the great body of ore of Red
Mountain. It is a harder and more compact variety than the ore of Red
Mountain.

Thus much we quote to convince those who know anything of iron ores
that Birmingham is at the very base of one of the most remarkable ore
deposits in the world.

ANALYSIS OF IRON ORE FROM RED MOUNTAIN MADE BY OTTO WUTH, PITTS-
BURG, PA.

Thickness in feet and inches

Silicic acid

Alumina

Peroxide of iron

Lime

Magnesia

Phosphoric acid

Sulphur

Metallic Iron

No. 1.

7.8

10 Ml

3.74

7.S..i,5

O.CxS

0.21

Trace

54.98

31.62
4.14

02.4.')
1.03
0.36
0.42

Trace.

4.5.71

3.M
32.04

5.13
59.97
Trace.

0.45

1.3
.31.13

4.46
60.51
Trace.

0.45

1.2)i
31.16

4 60
.59.87

0.43

41.91

11.
31.91
4.05
60.32

42.22

1.3
16.22

2.01
66.80

46.79

No. 1 is the top, No. 7 the bottom.

Red " Hematite" — Peroxide, 90.778 ; silica, 5.060 ; alumina undetermined
iron, 63.54-5 ; phosphorus, 0.0556. This ore is in a vein 8 feet thick from
Eastern Alabama.

Soft Ore, Stock Pile, Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company —
Peroxide iron, 69.8278; silica, 21.4800; alumina, 4.3321; lime, 0.7875; iron,
48.8795.

Hard Ore, Stock Pile, Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company— Peroxide
iron, 55.4481; silica, 11.600; alumina, 2.0919; Hme, 29.2947; iron, 38.7859.

Red ore, from between Lakeview and Avondale (now owned by Pioneer
Iron & Manufacturing Company)— Peroxide iron, 75.543 ; silica, 18.00 ; iron,
52.88 ; phosphorus, 0.13.

We have given special prominence to hematite on account of its great
value and importance. The other varieties are limonite, siderite, magnetite
and pyrite, which are more or less important in iron manufacturing.

Birmingham. 47

(tdJll.

X\ PRACTICAL VIEW FROM A COMMERCIAL

STANDPOINT.

Written especially for this publication by W. E. Russell.

When a section of country springs into commercial importance without
-passing through the consecutive periods of development, each of which gives
-^ime for correlative circumstances to keep pace with its progress, its rapidity
-«of growth in some particulars is very apt to outstrip the attending conditions
Tto a full, steady and complete growth. This is particularly noticeable in one
of the booming towns of this section, where the population is that of a good-
-sized village and the business houses, both in number and size, suited for a
Tthriving city of 10,000 inhabitants.

In Birmingham, this inequality of progress was noted in the building

Iboom of 1SS7, when neither the facilities of the railroads nor the supply of

fibuilding material were adequate to the demand. From a retrospective view

5it must always be deemed unfortunate that more foresight had not been used

■to prepare for that which seemed probable. So wonderful and so rapid, how-

-*ever, has been the progress of this city that any foresight which could have

foretold what has occurred would have been considered the vision of an over-

c'sanguine dreamer. But the " it might have been" is only practically useful

when it serves as a teacher to prevent a recurrence. The conditions are now

•tchanged. The great future of this entire section is no longer a possibility, or even

.-•a probability. That future must now be considered by even the most conserva-

itive as a certainty. Foresight, therefore, can no longer be called dreaming —

iits absence can, with all propriety, be called slothfulness. Among the many

cthings to which this introduction could naturally lead us is in the considera-

vtion of coal — a question of vital importance, not only to Birmingham and

Tltributary growing towns, but to Alabama and adjacent States.

There are five general factors which pertain to the coal trade of a section,
-\nz : The Quantity, Quality, Development of the Coal Lands, Transportatioa
JEacilities, and Demand :

COAL MINING AND COKE BURNING, NKAU BIRMINGHAM.

Birmingham.

QUANTITY.®

The coal lands of Alabama are estimated at 8,660 square miles. From the
rivers which drain them these lands have been named respectively the Warrior,
the Cahaba and the Coosa Coal Fields. They are of very unequal size, the
Warrior — the most northwestern of the three coal fields of Alabama— being
nearly ten times as large as the other two combined and about two-thirds as
large as the coal area of Great Britain. Though Alabama ranks only eighth
in the Union in the acreage of its coal measures, it takes a front rank in the
quantity and quality of its coal, and hence superficial area alone of a coal field
is a very poor indication of the amount of coal which it contains and of its
value, as the measures may be almost barren or the coal almost worthless.

The coal seams of the Warrior Field range in thickness from a few inches
to about fourteen feet, the thicker seams always containing more or less slate
■or clay as partings. Judged principally from partially-exposed outcrops, there
appears to be about thirty-five of these seams of coal of eighteen inches and
over in thickness ; and of those thirty-five there are about fifteen of two feet
six inches and over, and ef those fifteen there are six of four feet and over.
Provided all the coal seams of this field will average throughout their whole
•extent a thickness equivalent to that of their most accurate and reliable
aneasurements, they will contain, it is believed, a sum total of not less than
113,119,000,000 tons, of which 108,394,000,000 tons would be available. These
figures are simply enormous, and tell us, in plain black and white, that the
available coal of this field is three times that of the estimated available
bituminous and semi-bituminous coals of the great coal-producing State of
Pennsylvania, and that at the present rate of consumi^tion of coals of all kinds
it would supply the whole world over two hundred and seventy years.

QUALITY.

These coftls, though all bituminous, are of many kinds and qualities.
Among them may be found good coking, blacksmithing, steam, gas and grate
coals. Many of them are firm and bright and would well bear transportation,
•while others are of a duller color and of a softer and more friable nature. The
following analysis of three representative coals of this field with that of the
■Connellville coal will serve to show the quality of these coals, and also com-
parison with the Connellville coal :

Pratt.

New Castle.

Black Creek.

Connellville.

1299
1.041
1.025
32.169
63.370
3.342

1.33

.64

.50

2824

59.69

10.92

1.36

.10

.12

26.11

71.64

2.93 -

.06

1.20

28.50

64.12

Ash

6.12

* The greater portion of the facts and figures under this head are from the last Geological
Survey.

North Alabama.

The Pratt of these three coals is most similar to the Connellville coal, mj
both physical and chemical properties, though it is a i^nrer coal. Practically-
it is just as good a coking and iron-smelting coal as the Connellville, without-
the reputation of the latter. It is a compact, lustrous and usually very black
coal. Its seam will average about four feet in thickness. The New Castle-
coal is a firm, bright and free-burning coal. It bears transportation well, and
has a great future, the only objection to it being that it is hard to mine clean'
from the presence of partings. Its seam will average seven feet in thickness..
The Black Creek variety is a firm, black coal, of a dull luster. It is believed,
to be the purest and most uniform in thickness and composition of any in.
Alabama. It is a fine blacksmithing, steam and gas coal, and the only-
objection that can be urged against it is that its seam is not quite thick enoughs
for cheap mining, being only about two feet six inches thick. Its superior
quality, however, enables its market value to compensate any additional;
expense in mining.

Chemical analyses will show the composition of coals; but as their true-
values and fitness for particular purposes are largely dependent on physical
properties, the best test of their worth is actual experiment, or use on a large-
scale. The following table is appended to show the standing of some Alabama,
coals as compared with well-known coals of other States, for heating or steam-
ing purposes :

NAME OF COAL.

Pounds of
water evap-
orated from
and at 212°
per pound of
coal.

Per cent, of
non-combus-
tible from
com b u stion
under boiler.

Relative heat-
ing" or steaming
values, ('umber-
land, Md., being
100.

NAME OF
STATE.

Cumberland

S.21
S.04
7.45
7.63
7 41
6.73
7.73
7.58
7.11
6 20
6 89
6.45
5.74
7.37
7.65
7.37
7.63
7.25
7.16

11.5

7.4

6.3

7.4

3.5

6.9

4.6

7.7

13.2

10.2

4.6

S.5

14.6

11.3

5.7

4.0

5.2

11.4

100.0
97.9
90.7
92.9
90.3
82.0
94 2
92.3
86 6
75 5
83.9
78.6
69.9
89 8
93.2
89.8
92 9
88.3
87.2

Marvland.

Pratt

Alabama.

Jellico

Tennessee.
Pennsylvania-

Altmout

Kentuckv.

Kentnckv.

Alabama.

Helena

Alabama.

Watt

AiabaniH.

Kentucky.

Mud River

Illinois.

Memphis

Kentucky.

Tennessee.

Cahaba

Alabama.

Bloc ton

Alabanui.

Black Creek

Alabama.

Daisy

Tennessee.

The above table is an abstract of the result of tests made by Prof. O. H_
Landreth, of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., in 1885. In these tests
ten tons of coal from each mine were used, and, in case of the Alabama coals^
it has been said that some of them, at least, were not picked coals, or were-
not intended for this purpose, but were taken from their regular marketable
screened products. These tests show up the Alabama coals in a most favor-
able light, and demonstrate that one-half of those tested were excelled for

BlK.MINGHAM. 61

steaming purposes by only the Cumberland Coal, and that the lowest one on
the graded list was superior, for these purposes, to several of the coals brought
from other States. Four of these Alabama coals, namely : the Pratt, the
Warrior, the Watt and the Black Creek, were from the Warrior Field ; the
other four were from the Cahaba Field.

DEVELOPMENT.

In estimating the economical values of any coals, we should constantly
bear in mind the ease and cheapness with which they can be mined, and can
be now, and in the near future, placed upon the market. On an average, the
coals of the Warrior Field can be mined just as easily and cheaply as those of
any other country, for the reason that, as a general thing, the physical features
of the measures, the small angle of dip and the structure of the coals are all
favorable to cheap mining. In nearly all cases the coal can be reached by
drifts and slopes, and the small angle of dip frequently gives a natural
drainage, and will, in all cases, permit the mines being kept dry at compara-
tively small cost. The hard, solid roofs, the soft underbeds, and the face and
butt structure of most of these coals are also conducive to cheap mining, and
the greatest hindrance that any of them have to cheap mining is that the
thicker seams always have interbedded in their coals more or less slate.

Coal mining in Alabama is growing rapidly, and has already assumed
greater proportions than that of any other Southern State, and will soon,
probably, take a rank next to Pennsylvania. The mines are all close to the
present lines of transportation. They include among them some of the richest,
if not tlie richest, bituminous coal plants on the face of the globe. The
progress of coal mining in the State for the fifteen years prior to 1886 is repre-
sented by the following figures:

In 1870 11,000 tons.

1873 40,000 "

1876 ' 100,000 "

1879 250,000 "

1882 800,000 "

1885 2,225,000 "

Since 1885 a comparatively wonderful development has been taking place
in coal mining. The tremendous increase of demand for coking purposes has
compelled the large iron corporations (the largest of whom own their own coal
property) to double, treble and even quadruple the capacity of their mines.
The Tennessee Coal and Iron Company, which is now raising nearly 3,000 tons
per day from their Pratt Mines, will increase that capacity to 4.000 tons per
day before the expiration of the present year. The contracts of the Cahaba
Coal and Mining Company in furnishing the fuel for Anniston furnaces, and
for other purposes, will require an increase of their output to 3,000 tons per
day. The Sloss Iron and Steel Company will need from their Coalburg Mines
an output of 1,200 tons per day. The West Warrior Field, on the Georgia
Pacific Railroad, will yield this year about 1,500 tons per day. The same field
on the Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham Railroad and Sheffield &

Birmingham. 53

Birmingham Railroad will have an output of about 1,200 tons per day. The
Henryellen Mines, on the Georgia Pacific Railroad, are increasing their capacity
to 800 tons per day. The East Warrior Field, on the Louisville & Nashville,
will increase its capacity to 1,500 tons per day. The Blue Creek Region, on
the Birmingham Mineral Railroad, will soon have an output of 700 tons per
-day. By an addition of these different outputs, which may be taken as safe
estimates (falling below, rather than exceeding the probable output), we have
a daily yield of 13,900 tons per day, or four million one hundred and seventy
thousand tons for the present year's output. This calculation d.oes not include
the Coosa Field, nor the South Warrior, near Tuscaloosa, both of those fields
being outside of the Birmingham District.

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES.

Other things being equal, that coal section which has the best and cheap-
est transportation facilities is bound, sooner or later, to take precedence in a
■competitive market. In the East Warrior Field, the finest railroad system of
the South, the Louisville & Nashville, furnishes the transportation. By this
line is reached northward, Decatur, Nashville, Louisville, St. Louis and inter-
mediate points; southward, Birmingham, Selma, Montgomery, Mobile, New
Orleans, points in Georgia and Florida. The West Warrior Coal Fields in
Walker County have the Georgia Pacific Railroad entering them on the east
and west. Eastward is reached Birmingham, Anniston, Atlanta and competi-
tive points in Georgia. Westward, Columbus, Miss., and connection with the
Mobile & Ohio Railroad and the Illinois Central Railroad for inland points in
Mississippi, Mobile and New Orleans ; also, the Kansas City, Memphis & Bir-
mingham Railroad, which takes coal eastward to Birmingham for local use and
transfers, and westward to Memphis, Kansas City and intermediate points.
The Memphis trade and river points generally come in contact with compe-
tition with Pittsburg coal, which is floated down the Ohio to the INIississippi
■during the navigable season. The real market for the West Warrior Field is
through Central Mississippi, and through Birmingham east and south. The
Birmingham & Sheflield Railroad and the Mineral Railroad (both lately built)
■carry the coals of the West Warrior Field to local points, such as Sheffield and
Bessemer. The Alabama Great Southern Railroad bounds the Warrior Field
on the southeast, and passes through the Cahaba Field (the only coal on its
line).

Winding through the Warrior basin from northeast to southwest is a
xiver length within that basin of nearly one hundred miles, which can be
made navigable for steam tugs and coal barges all the year round with a min-
imum channel, at extreme low water, of 80 feet wide by 4 feet deep, for the
fium of from $400,000 to $1,200,000, according to the nature of the work.

Cheap coal is of national importance, and it will, no doubt, be soon
deemed a wdse investment by the National Government to appropriate a sum
for this purpose. When this is done ocean steamers can receive their cargoes
at Mobile and fear no competition in the ports of the Gulf of Mexico and the
South Atlantic. The Tuscaloosa & Northern Railroad, connecting with the
Alabama Great Southern Railroad at Tuscaloosa, will soon pierce the West
Warrior Field, and give an additional outlet to that section.

54 North Alabama.

DEMAND.

The supreme practical consideration in all commercial transactions is the
"demand," as it, to a great extent, regulates the price of a commodity and
the corresponding profit. With reference to that portion of the coal used in
the making of iron in this section, the " demand," however, has little influ-
ence on the " price,'' as a sHding scale of prices, regulated by the market price of
iron, in turn regulates the price of coal or coke consumed in the furnaces. It
must not be considered, however, that this sliding scale has aught to do with
the wages of the laborer. The miners of this section receive from fifty-five to
sixty-five cents per ton in summer, and sixty to eighty. in winter, the prices
varying according to thickness of seam, and whetlier coal is " run-of-mine,"
" forked " or " lump."

In considering the '' demand " upon a region for its coal product, we
should distinguish between that which is positive and that which is tentative.

The positive demand, that which comes without seeking, is naturally that
of home consumption. While the home consumption may not be equal to
the actual output, it can exceed the supply that is meted to it, since the nat-
ural result of competition is to seek channels that will pay higher prices than
those of home consumption. The consequence of the inability to control the
placing of all the product for home consumption until the supply is equal to-
the demand, is that anomaly of a coal famine in a coal region, and a conse-
quent rise of price for manufacturing and domestic uses (except as hereinbefore
noted), to equal the price procured through other channels. Especially is this
the case where the tentative demand is so enormous as that upon this section.
AVe have referred to the rapiil increase of development, naming figures that
are stupendous for a comparative growth. To the casual reader, 4,170,000 tons
of coal for this year would seem ample to supply every demand upon this
immediate region. Think again. Twenty new furnaces, the majority of
which will be blown in during the spring or summer, the tremendous increase
of manufactories, the additional railroads, the additional population, all make
a demand that will more than double that of 1885, and yet the estimate of
this year's output of coal is not double that of the output of that year.

The positive demand upon this region outside of at least 1,800,000 tons
consumed in making coke includes the manufacturing and domestic supply for
Birmingham, Anniston, Decatur, Sheffield, Florence, Tuscumbia, intermediate
towns, brick works, Columbus and other Mississippi towns, a large block to
Atlanta, Columbus, Ga., Montgomery, Mobile and New Orleans, and, in addi-
tion, the large consumption of intersecting and tributary railroads.

VV^hat is the tentative demand ? Who can answer? It has never yet been
supplied, neither has any effort been made to increase it. There was no neces-
sity for so doing. A glance at the possibilities of this tentative trade will pro-
nounce it practically unlimited. The natural source of supply for millions of
tons of coal now shipped from other points are the coal regions of Alabama.
They are unlimited as to quantity, and of excellent quality. The facilities for
transportation are being rapidly increased. Already are the railroads appreciat-
ing tlie great future which awaits them in coal transportation, and are making

BlKMINGHAM. 55

prices that will enable our mines to suecessfull}' compete at water points with
Pittsburg navigation down the Ohio and Mississippi. Competitive railroads
■will still lower freights. Mobile, New Orleans and Pensacola are holding open
their doors, through which gulf ports and points in (Central and South America
may be reached. Texas, already a large market for coal from this section, is
ready to receive more than we can spare. The future of coal mining and coke
burning in this section hold out to enterprise and capital opportunities rarely
surpassed. As with iron, .so with coal. The Young South, as embodied in the
recent triumphal progress in Alabama, with swaddling clothes thrown aside,
and in the vigor of renewed youth, will yet prove to the North, to the East
and to the world that in the fairer and more peaceful art of competition she
enters the race to win for herself those great trophies which Nature intended
her to have when she placed here in such great abundance those promoters of
industrial activitj' — iron and coal.

In keeping with tiiis rapid growth of the coal production is that of the

f OKE INDUSTRY OF THE STATE

This industry, though less than ten years old, is next to the greate.st of its
kind in the world, and unless Pennsylvania looks well to her laurels in this
respect there will be dangin-, in a few years, of her being usurped by this
Southern power. The growth of the coke industry in Alabama for the six
years prior to 1886 is indicated by the following figures :

In 1880 (iO,781 tons.

1881 109,03.3 "

1882 152,940 "

1883 217,531 "

1884 244,009 "

1885 304,509 "

A safe estimate for 18S8 will base the coke product at 1,000,000 tons. Now^
as it takes very nearly two tons of coal to make one ton of coke, it will be
seen that a large proportion of the coal yield is consumed in that way.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSES.

Mr. Brainerd kindly furnishes the following analyses :

No. 1 Limestone — Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company — Protoxide
iron, 0.440; silica, 2.790; lime carbonate, 94.2203; magnesia carbonate, 2.5190;
undetermined and loss, 0.0303.

Limestone No. 2, Stock Pile — Tennessee Coal, Iron ct Railroad Company —
Protoxide iron, 0.703; silica, 3.380; alumina, 1.297; lime carbonate, 92.482;
magnesia carbonate, 757 ; undetermined and loss, 1.3810.

Pratt Coke, Stock Pile — Tennessee C'oal, Iron & Railroad Company^
Ensley Furnace— Moisture, O.ltw; volatile, 1.190; fixed carbon, 86.733;
sulphur, 1.081; silica, 5.4.55; alumina, 2957; oxide iron, l.i'43 ; lime, 0.315;
magnesia, 0.150; color, 10.820 ash ; ginger.

Pratt Coke, No. 2, Stock Pile, Sloss Furnace Companv — Moisture, 0.170 ;
volatile, 1.179; fixed carbon, 90.163; sulphur, 8-58; ash, "8.660; silica, 3.37;
alumina, 3.51 ; oxide iron. 1.152; phosphorus, 0.032.

Pratt Coke, No. 3— Moisture, 0..5(I0 ; volatile, 1.700; fixed carbon, 90.026;
suljihur, 0.800 ; ash, 6.660. This was an average sample from a lot made at

Birmingham, 57

Sloss Furnace Company's Coke Ovens. Pratt Coke, No. 4, sampled from stock
pile, Alice Furnaces, June 17, 1885 — Moisture and volatile, 1.600 per cent. ;
fixed carbon, 83.43 per cent. ; sulphur, 0.72 ; ash, 14.25 per cent.; phosphorus,
0.05 per cent.

Watt's Coke (washed)— Moisture, 0.200; volatile, 1.600; fixed carbon,
93.304; sulphur. 1.116; ash, 4.780; color — ash gray.

New Castle Coke— Moisture, 0.1500; volatile, 1.1200; fixed carbon,
91.4690 ; sulphur, .6610 ; ash 6.6000.

Cahaba Coke— :Moisture, 0.0750; volatile, 2.7200; fixed carbon, 91.3465;
sulphur, 7055, ash, 5.1500 (analysis, 1888). No. 2 Coke— INloisture. 0.400;
volatile, 1.800; sulphur, 0.867 ; fixed carbon, 8.752; ash, 7.400 (analysis,
1887).

Coalburg Coke— Volatile, 3.600 ; fixed carbon, 78.9729 ; sulphur, 1.9471 ;
ash, 15.4800.

Bine Creek Coke — DeBardeleben Coal & Iron Company — Moisture, 0.2500 ;
volatile, 0.4000 ; fixed carbon, 92.3268 ; suljdiur, 0.8232 ; silica, 2.98; alumina,
1.302; oxide iron, 1.412 ; lime, 0.42; magnesia, 0.086; ash, 6.20; color, ginger.

j RON. COAL AND LIMESTONE-

THETR RELATIVE LOCATION.

Birmingham, while unsurpassed and unequaled in lier mineral advan-
tages, her greatest strength and claim is the proximity of iron to coal and
limestone. We refer to and quote from the United States Geological Survey,
headed " Mineral Resources of the United States, for 1883-4-6."

" It is claimed that the South possesses advantages in its proximity of its
ores, fuel and limestone, and in cheap labor, which enables it to manufacture
pig iron more cheaply than any other section of the country. This claim is
undoubtedly true of several Southern States, and should everywhere be
frankly conceded. Upon this matter the testimony of I. Lowthion Bell, the
highest authority in England on the manufacture of iron, is available. His
opinion is based upon a personal observation of the resources of the South
during a visit to the section in 1874. He says: ' In the Southern States of
Tennessee and Alabama, and to some extent in Georgia, there are very large
deposits of iron ore which lie so near to the coal fields of the valleys, watered
by the Alabama and Black Warrior rivers, as to render, in all likelihood, the
cost of the Itringing together the materials for making iron not more than it is
on the Noir Tees. The natural conditions under which ore and fuel are found
are such that it would be difficult to find a locality of any magnitude in any
country wliere these minerals can be more cheaply wrought than in ALA-
BAJIA. Ultimately there seems nothing, so far as our knowledge permits us to
judge, to prevent these Southern States from becoming the cheapest iron-making
centers of the Union.' They are that now. See pages 37 and 38, 1884.

" The nearness of the ores to the fuel, the apx)arent abundance of iron ores,
and the ease with which they can be worked have caused a rapid development
of iron manufactures in Alabama, and consequently an activity in exploita-
tion of iron ore mines." See page 85 of 1886 Reports.

58 NoKTH Alabama.

P ROXIMITY OF COAL AND LIMESTONE

Binuinghain's coal deposits seem to be practically as exhaustless as her
iron. Nature seems to have aj)])ortioiie(l each to the other.

The United States Geological Report for 188B estimates Alabama's avail-
able coal, in workable seams over eighteen (18) inches thick, to be 108,394,-
000,000 tons.

The United States Report says : " The portion of Appalachian Coal Fields
■covering this State (Alabama), with an area of 5,530 square miles, is the south-
western extremity of that great field. This termination is in the form of. a
Tery marked expansion from the narrowness which has characterized ihe
Appalachian system in its passage through Tennessee."— Report of 1883-84,
p. 14. This field reaches its greatest width between Birmingham and Tusca-
loosa, which lie fifty miles apart. Pratt Mines, with an output of about 3,000
tons per day, is situated five miles northwest of the city, and is just across the
valley from the famous Redding ore mines. These mines are now increasing
to 4,000 tons per day, and will produce most of the coi-e-producing coal of the
Birmingliam District. Coalburg and Blue Creek Mines, both situated about
twelve miles from the city, furnish the greater part of the coal used for manu-
facturing purposes. Moreover, various mines of both grate and coking coal
are being developed in the district. The fluxing Hmestone used in the manu-
"^jt^ facture of iron— over 98 per cent, calcium carbonate — hes in the valley,
between the coal and iron deposits, the principal source of supply now being
from a mountain of that material five miles northeast of the city. Thus, there
is an inexhaustible supply of all the materials for the manufacture of iroa
within a radius of seven miles of Birmingham.

f OST OF MAKING A TON OF IRON

While iron and coal may be mined at a minimum cost and lie in almost
juxtaposition in the Birmingham District, it may be pertinently asked.
What is the comparative cost of smelting? Will it compare favorably with
that of Pennsylvania ? We unhesitatingly answer, Yes. It must be remem-
bered that the coke industry is comparatively new in Alabama, and tlie labor
employed to make it is not skilled as in the Keystone State. Yet, as Alabama
has fine grades of coking coal, her best coke is scarcely inferior to the famous
€onnellville coke, and as labor becomes more experienced the Alabama coke
is each year imi)roving in quality. [The reader is referred to the analyses of
coke contained in this volume.] We have said this much about coke, not
only on account of its importance in iron manufacture, but because the quality
of Alabama coke has been underestimated and misrepresented, as has also
the iron ores.

A. F. Brainerd, analytical chemist, of this citv, recently delivered aim-
iiddress on this subject, from which we take the following :

Birmingham. 59

" If the proof of the pudding is the eating of it, then our furnace records
ought to and do show what our ores run and what calorific duty we obtain from
our cokes and what burden and blast it stands, while some would make our
ore poorer in iron than others. AVhy is it that the furnace gets from 40 to 50
per cent, of iron from an equal mixture of our poorest and best ores ? Why
is it that one of our furnaces has made iron with 2,500 pounds of coke to
2,300 pounds of iron? Another, a ton of iron to a ton of coke. Another,
1.27 per cent, of coke to a ton of 2,300 pounds of iron, making 66 tons of iron
with a blast of only 1,150 degrees Fah., for 24 hours. I do not wish to convey
the idea that this is done as a regular thing or as an average, but it has been
done and is one of the possibilities, and certainly, unless the stock was
excellent and did not equal the best in the world it could not be done. * *

* * * Owing to this labor having become more skillful during the past
three years, and also owing to extra precautions in assorting and mining the
coal, there is fully 3 per cent, less ash in the coke, as shown at the stock piles
by very careful and judicious sampling at that time and at the present. The
furnaces are also showing this fact by using less of the coke than formerly,
and getting more duty from the same. A certain manager of an iron works
in this city illustrates the fact that the coke has improved in quality in saying,

* Several years ago I only succeeded in melting four pounds of iron with one
of coke in the foundry cupola. I have now been enabled to melt eight pounds
of iron with one pound of coke.' How does this compare with our Northern
iron foundries ? These facts show that our labor is becoming more skillful,
and when equally skilled as Northern labor, our raw material will be propor-
tionate!}' improved, and will compare favorably and in most instances forge
ahead of them all."

That iron can be manufactured cheaper in the Birmingham District than
anywhere in the world where pauper labor is not employed, is a fact now
generally conceded and admitted by Pennsylvania iron manufacturers.

The availability of these materials is no less remarkable than the quantity.
This is shown indisputably by their costs, which are as follows :

Iron ore, $1.00 per ton delivered at the furnace.
Coal, 1.25 " " " " "

Limestone, .66 " " " " "

The entire cost of matei-ial for the manufacture of a ton of iron being about $5.50,
and the average cost of producing, including materials, less than .$9 per ton.

As mine after mine has been developed, as furnace after furnace has been
built, so manufactory after manufactory has followed, and to-day Birmingham
manufactures more finished articles out of iron than any other Southern city.

So rapid has been the wonderful development of the Birmingham Mineral
District that the entire valley, for twelve miles on each side of the city, is
dotted with flourishing villages. There are fifteen of these feeders of Birming-
ham, ranging in population from 500 to 6,000 people, which, for the most part,
are connected with the city by dummy lines, that are gradually building up
the valley throughout its entire length.

60 NouTH Alabama.

(^ O £L £1^ L

]:[ ENDERSON STEEL

Prof. A. F. Brainerd, analytical chemist of Birmingham, read a paper before
the American Institute of Mining Engineers, on the history of the Henderson
Steel Plant, which we here produce:

There has been no enterprise undertaken in this and adjoining States
which has attracted so much interest, or has been watched so closely as this,
the first successful attempt to convert our ordinary high phosphoric pig iron
into steel from native material. Our ironmasters have noticed intently
every attempt to convert high phosphorus pig iron into steel by the Clapp-
Griffith process in this country, and the Basic process on the continent, and
studied the various patents aiming to accomplish the same purpose, and the
various litigations arising among different patentees over their rival claims,
but up to August, 1887, nothing was done, and no move to introduce any
process for making steel. At the time above named, Mr. James Henderson,
of New^ York, came to this place with a view of introducing his patent furnace
and other metallurgical processes and appliances. After some delay and
personal interviews between parties interested and the inventor, a party of
gentlemen, all of moderate means and entirely unacquainted with the manu-
facture of either steel or iron, decided to form themselves into a body corpo-
rate, known as the Henderson Steel and Manufacturing Company, with a
capital stock of $20,000, half of wliicli was supposed to be sufficient to
demonstrate the utility of the Henderson process. An old plant located at
Boston, Massachusetts, which had been built for the same purpose several
years before, was removed to the furnace site located at North Birmingham,
Alabama, within a pistol shot of the North Birmingham Furnaces (a part
of the Sloss Steel and Iron Company's plant), and on a side track of the
Georgia Pacific Railroad; also near the Bessemer branch of the Mineral Rail-
road, of the Louisville & Nashville system, and also at the intersection of
Village Creek and the North Birmingham Dummy Line, and about half way
from the city of Birmingham (about three miles distant) to North Birmingham.
There is a ledge of dolomite, or magnesian limestone, running through and
cropping out on the Henderson Steel and Manufacturing Company's property,
which is used in building their plant, and also useful in the metallurgical
operation of the furnace. This stone was to have been used in the running of
the North Birmingham Furnace, and by the original projectors of that furnace.

Birmingham. 61

The capacity of the plant is about one and one-half tons, and it was originally
intended to run it some ten to twenty times a day. Owing to an unfortunate
accident, in the shape of a gas explosion, at the first melt, the furnace was so
shaken that it has only been run spasmodically, making some three to four
melts during the day, and, consequently, doing nothing like its duty, or
estimated capacity.

THE STEEL PLANT.

This' plant consists of a gas producer connected with two small engines,
and by them supplied with air through several tuyeres. This producer is fitted
up with a bell and hopper for charging the coal, or any flux necessary for
slagging oflf the ash into cinder ; also supplied with a tap hole and cinder notch.
It was the intention of the inventor to use "coal slake" in this producer for
gas. Afterward he used the best Cahaba coal. This producer is connected
with the furnace, which is a small, open hearth, revolving bottom and sand
joint, this on one side of a crane and casting ladle and pit and connects with
a heating and melting furnace, and serving the purpose of a cupola furnace ;
then this is connected with the masonry and boilers, thence into a stack, etc.
Also connected with condenser to condense gases, fumes, and answers as a
sort of dust chamber. There is also a rotary engine and very large rotary
crusher, used in preparing patent bricks and bottom used in this furnace.
In operating the furnace, after drying out and heating up with ordinary
coal, the bell is let down and coal is discharged into the hoppers; from them
it is fed down and equally distributed into the producer, where it is ignited
and burned. The air in certain patented portions is merged with the gas after
combustion has taken place at the tuyers and thence it passes along through
the open hearth furnace, over to the melting and heating furnace, where a lot
of pig iron is placed, thence the gas passes under the boilers, thence into the
condensing chamber or directly into the stack. The iron being melted, the
open hearth furnace is revolved around until an inlet opening comes opposite
the tapping hole of the melting furnace, and the charge is withdrawn and
run into the open hearth furnace, which is revolved around to proper position,
and then the process of dephosphorizing, desulphurizing and decarbonizing
goes on, when, after taking out a test ingot, the carbon has been reduced, say
from 3 per cent, to 0.12 per cent., the ferro manganese, or speigle, is charged
and allowed to mix and incorporate itself with the mass of molten steel.
When this takes place the furnace is tapped and the steel runs oflf into a
ladle, thence cast through orifice in bottom into ingot molds, placed all ready
in the casting pit during the pouring, and during the 'converting process a
fresh lot of iron is placed and melted into the heating furnace. When another
melt is ready the above process is repeated, and so on day and night. It is
interesting to note, by comparison of an analysis given below, to see the
changes in converting some very poor white and mottled iron into a steel both
hard and mild, or soft steel. This steel has been tested physically, and has a
tensile strength of 85,000 pounds per square inch. It has been successfully
made into hammers, cold chisels, jack-knives, razors, clock and watch springs,
paper knives and medals, and, I suppose, some enterprising individual will
convert it into corset steel. It has been the aim of the inventor to use only
the poorest grades obtainable, and after a great deal of trouble some poor
5

62 North Alabama.

enough to suit the fastidious taste of the invention was found, and cost $10
per ton free on board at furnace. This price is strongly contrasted with the
Bessemer pig, costing $17.50 at furnace, or of the $1.25 ore to make the pig
with tlie $3.50 to $5.50 Bessemer ore, or the $1 labor against the $1.50 or $1.75.
This company has decided to increase the capital stock and build some
larger furnaces. It is not claimed that this furnace is especially designed to
supersede the Bessemer or Basic process, but it is especially adapted to
our ores and pig iron, and as to relative cost is not within the province of
this paper to discuss, but it is safe to assume it can be made to pay a profit
to the producer, and has been eminently successful in showing to the Avorld
what can be done with Alabama pig iron.

ANALYSIS OF DOLOMITE.

Protoxide iron 0.3100

8ihca 4.7500

Lime carbonate 02.4833

Magnesia carbonate 32.4424

Sulphuric acid 0.0065

riiosphoric acid 0.0U78

Sulphur 0.2734

Phosphorus 0.0036

.2770 100.

NO. 1 STEEL HENDERSON.

' Carbon 0.752

Silicon 0.0093

Phosi)horus 0.0513

Manganese Trace

NO. 2 STEEL HENDERSON.

Phosphorus 0.0757

Manganese 0.7700

Carbon 0.200

CAHABA COAL.

Volatile 34.12

Moisture 2.24

Fixed carbon 60.75

Sulphur 0.48

Ash 2.41

WHITE IRON.

Carbon 2.9778

Silicon l.i»605

Phosphorus 0.5781

Sulphur 0.3286

MOTTLED IRON.

Carbon 2.9026

Silicon 1.9597

Phosphorus 0.6493

Sulphur 0.2246

Birmingham.

J HE ELYTON LAND COMPANY

No historical and descriptive sketch of this city would be complete with-
out an appended article on the Elyton Land Company, a company which
affords the most remarkable record of expansion and development known to
the South, if indeed not to the Union. The following is from the New Orleans
Times-Democrat, and reads like a romance. We give this extended sketch in
connection with that of the city of Birmingham, for, as a matter of fact, it
would be utterly impossible to separate the two, so closely are their past, pres-
ent and future interwoven. " The history of the Elyton Land Company forms
an integral part of the history of the great and growing city founded by its
wise, patient and generous policy ; and where so much space has been devoted
to the child the claims of the parent institution must assert themselves with
redoubled force. Never was there a more notable instance of the ultimate
triumph of a fixed and honorable purpose. There have been times in the
career of this great Company when even its most stalwart champions have
been almost ready to give up the fight, when the sun has apparently set for-
ever upon the bright hopes of its originators, and when nothing but the advent
of a master mind, fertile in resource, far-seeing in conception and inflexible of
purpose — the Justus et tenax propositi vir of Horace could have guided the shat-
tered vessel to a haven of safety. But such a man was forthcoming. In the
darkest hours of the Elyton Land Company its destinies were happily con-
fided to one who nobly " took up arms against a sea of troubles, and by oppos-
ing ended them." Splendid alike in the record of its past, in the glory of its
present and in the premise of its future, the Elyton Land Company stands out
to-day as the chief pride of the most remarkable Southern city of the nine-
teenth century.

" The small town of Elyton, whence this corporation derived its name, was
called after a Mr. Ely, a Federal land agent, who, as far back as 1820, gained
the good will of the people of Jefi'erson County by an act of liberality in allot-
ting to them, at the time of the organization of the county, the quarter section
of land, in the midst of which the customhouse was erected.

" In January, 1871, more than seventeen years ago, the Elyton Land Com-
pany came into existence. The incorporators had secured clear titles to 4,^150
acres of land in the vicinity of the present city of Birmingham. The capital
was $200,000.

MR. JOSIAH MORRIS,

then, and still a wealthy private banker of Montgomery, advanced the money
to pay for the original purchase of the company, and at one time held all the
title deeds. Col. James R. Powell was the first President of the Elyton Land
Company, and his management of its affairs was vigorous and able. In June,
1871, the lots of the Company were offered for sale. Much publicity had been
given to the event, and despite inadequate transportation the result was a suc-
cess beyond everything that had been anticipated. Tlie whole heart of the
Company was thrown into the building up of the city it had started. All the

ELYTON LAND COMrANY'S BUILDING.

Birmingham. 65

capital had been investetl in land. From then until now the policy of the
Company haa been one of extreme liberality to settlers, who have virtually
been allowed to purchase land for building or manufacturing purposes on their
own terms.

" Insufficiency of water supply, which necessitated an expenditure of $100,-
000, and the financial panic of 1873, reduced the fortunes of the corporation
to the lowest ebb. Heavily in debt, and with no apparent chance of overtiding
its difficulties, the company found itself in a serious dilemma in 1875. At this
juncture Col. Powell resigned the Presidency, and Dr. H. M. Caldwell was
selected by Mr. Morris and his brother directors to fill the vacant post, at
which time Mr. Josiah Morris, backed by Col. J. W. Sloss and Dr. H. M.
Caldwell, gave their individual names to bridge the company over Ijy a pay-
ment of $25,000 or $30,000.

HENRY MARTIN CALDWELL,

the Napoleon of land financiers, was born in Greenville, Ala., in 1836. He
studied medicine, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1857, and
began practice in his native town. On the outbreak of the civil war, in 1861,
he promptly volunteered, and until the close of the struggle, as surgeon of the
Thirty-third Alabama Regiment, he was ever found where duty and human-
ity called him. For two years after this Dr. Caldwell continued in the practice
of medicine, which he then definitely abandoned and entered upon commercial
life. His executive and financial ability were soon noticed by Mr. Josiah
Morris, who, as already stated, installed him as President of the Elyton Land
Company in 1875. The Doctor had only just settled in Birmingham ; the
duties assigned to him were not only onerous, but practically honorary. All
the world knows the story of his subsequent triumphant success, how he out-
lined the policy which has made the Company, with which his name must
always be inseparably connected, the most prosperous of its kind in the world,
and how in refilling its own well-nigh exhausted treasury, in contrast with
the iniquitous injustice of grasping monopolies elsewhere, the Elyton Land
Company has built up Birmingham, fostered her industries and multiplied
her capital.

" Dr. Caldwell saw that his Company must always be the guiding spirit in
the development of the city. He left to others the detailed carrying out of
the manufactures, etc., which his action had encouraged. As time went on
and the wisdom of the enterprise became more and more apparent, it was
deemed advisable to add considerably to the landed property of the Company.
This has been efTected without any increase in the original capital of $200,000.
The almost unparalleled absence of litigation that has characterized the enor-
mous sales of the Elyton Land Company forms of itself an eloquent com-
mentary on the just and equitable system that has been adhered to. In
March, 1886, these sales amounted to $200,000, nearly all in residence lots to
bona fide settlers. In the first three weeks of August, 1887, the transactions
reached the stupendous sum of $1,000,000. From September, 1885, to Septem-
ber, 1886, the total was over $2,250,000.

" Such is a brief sketch of the career of the Elyton Land Company. Tried
in the crucible, strengthened and fortified by a past not destitute of hardship,

^6 North ALABA\i:A.

the Elyton Land Company bids fair to grow in wisdom and in power. The
end is not yet, but the horizon is brilliantly clear, the clouds so much dreaded
have been found big with mercy, and liave surely broken in blessings over the
lieads of its organizers.

]^ IRMINGHAM'S FUTURE

In the foregoing pages the past and present of Birminghaju have been set
forth ; between the lines read the future. She is now fully equii)ped for the
accomplishment of greater things, for, in the sixteen years of her growth, she
has acquired a momentum which nothing can stay. The city has now all the
agencies and factors to command continued development and growth in all the
elements of wealth, greatness and power. Her present status assures the
future, and that that future is more promising now than ever is self-evident.
A word or two by way of recapitulation. This city owes its existence and
present size to the vast natural resources in the immediate vicinity. The
presence of Red Mountain on one side and the coal fields on the other is an
argument for the future from which there is no appeal. If iron and coal hava
made the city great in the past, they will make her greater in the future.
Birmingham's future rests upon a basis unchanging and unchangeable, and her
claims to future greatness are as sure and solid as the everlasting hills which
environ her. A. K. McClure, the talented editor of the Philadelphia Times,
writing to his paper of Alabama's and Binningham's resources, says :

Just what this vast field of as yet untested wealth may produce will be
known only when the rattling, rollicking iron infant hurries on toward man-
hood ; but discounting Birmingham by all that is yet undiscovered as to
variety of iron, it is the most inviting iron field on the continent, with a coal
trade in the near future that will be bounded only by the coal ports of the
world ; and another decade will likely see more than an hundred thousand
population here, with the whole region dotted with hives of industry such as
Birmingham is to-day. With the marvelous progress made liere when stagna-
tion prevailed in all the coal and iron centers of the North, what must be the
strides of this industrial center when prosperity comes to revive the same
industries in Pennsylvania? This country will draw the young men of energy
from the coal and iron mountains in Pennsylvania, just as the fertile prairies
of the West have drawn the young men of energy from our Pennsylvania
farms, and there is room for thousands of them, with better prospects of suc-
cess than in any new State or Territory of the Union.

These are strong expressions, but I write them after the most exhaustive
inquiry and careful examination, and I know that they are fully warranted.
This is the coal and iron empire of tlie South, and, I believe, the future coal and
iron empire of the United States ; and it has a climate and soil adapted to the
bountiful growth of everything grown in Pennsylvania, with one-sixth of the
entire cotton crop of the South added. It is the equal of Pennsylvania in
forest, field and mine, with climate, natural highways, and cheapness of pro-
duct turning the scales in her favor. These are stubborn truths, and let us

Birmingham. 67

profit by them. Thoy Avill not make Pennsylvania i)oor, for her people and
resources are equal to any and all the mutations of industry and trade ; but
they will make Alal^ama rich, and that will multiply the wealth and grandeur
of the whole Union.

f ONCLUSIQN

Birmingham, with her unrivaled resources, financial, commercial and
industrial, her miles of workshops, influential connections, splendid location,
superiority of her manufactures, and sterling enterprise and energy of her citi-
zens, is the best type to-day of the concentrated forces of modern civilization,
and is evidently but yet in the adolescence of her giant growth as among the
great manufacturing centers of the continent.

The various facts and statistics given in the preceding pages, when taken
in conjunction with the business sketches that follow, will enable even the
casual reader to form an adequate and rational idea of the increase in commer-
cial importance of the city of Birmingham, and the rank she is properly
entitled to hold in the sisterhood of cities that constitutes the industrial cen-
ters of the Union. Extremely fortunate in location and in the mineral and
agricultural richness of the country tributary to her, the energetic and pro-
gre.ssive spirit of her people has seized upon the marvelous natural facilities
and advantages at their command, and are earnestly engaged in developing
them to the highest possible point of commercial utility.

At a first glance the interests of general trade would seem to be dwarfed
or overshadowed by the stupendous manufacturing industries that center
here ; but a second one will convince the reader that the former are excep-
tionally active, and involve the investment of a vast amount of capital and
a proportionate measure of prosperity. Her wholesale trade, which has
steadily and rapidly increased within a few years, is in a healthy and jiros-
perous condition, and its annual transactions can be represented only by large
figures ; while the number and elegance of her retail houses are noticeable,
and the leading merchants are conspicuous for their enterprise and stability.
. In the succeeding pages devoted to Birmingham are sketches of the leading
merchants, through whose aid and co-operation this work has been issued.

BIRniNQHAn.

5tati5tieal ai^d Bio(5rapl7i(;aI 8I^(^tef7(^s of Z(^3d\T)<^

f\[) iQterestip^ l^e^ord of Its 5rad(^ aQd people.

Mining and Manufacturing.
BIRMINGHAM MINING AND MAN-
UFACTURING CO., office Third avenue,
between Twentieth and Twenty-first
streets. — The mining industry is of more
vital importance to commercial life than
any other branch of activity, for upon this
manufacturing and mercantile interests
almost wholly depend. This is true, at
least, of the iron and coal belt of Ala-
bama. In a historical review of Birming-
ham as an industrial center, therefore,
special mention should be made of those
industries which are, from their nature,
creative, as it w'ere, in their relation to
others of less importance. This is pe-
culiarly true of the business conducted
by the Birmingham Mining and Manu-
facturing Co., who own and operate ex-
tensive limestone quarries, located five
miles from this city. It is not necessary
to state how essential to the manufac-
ture of iron is limestone, but let it suf-
fice to say that more than two-thirds of
this valuable rock used in the furnaces
in and near Birmingham is quarried and
mined by this eompany. On their
property are three veins of limestone
in seemingly inexhaustible quantities.
The equipment is complete for quarry-
ing stone, and, for transportation, a two-
G

mile double track has been built, con-
necting with three railroads coming into
the city. The two Gates rock crushers
operated in the quarries of the Company
have a crushing capacity of 3,200 tons
per day of ten hours. The sand rock
crusher has a capacity of 25 cars per day
of ten hours, or 500 yards of crushed
sand. On the property of the Company,
in addition to the limestone, brown stone
and sand, are three veins of red hema-
tite, one vein 4 feet, one 6 feet, and one
from 30 to 50 feet thick, the two former
of high grade, and the latter of low grade.
The limestone is of the best quality and
in great demand. Much of it is manu-
factured into lime by the Company, and
nearly all the lime used in this city comas
from these kilns. This is sold to cus-
tomers either in barrels or in bulk. In
addition, they mine concrete and build-
ing sand for furnaces, foundries and
buildings, and have a large and valuable
deposit of brown stone for building pur-
poses, which will soon be worked on an
extensive scale. In the various branches
of the Company's business seven hun-
dred men are employed, and the best
improved machinery and methods are
used. The President of the Company
is ]\Iaclin Sloss The name Sloss is

North Alabama.

synonymous with the rise and progress
of the iron industry in Alabamu. Mr.
Sloss is an alumnus of the University
of Tennessee, and is a gentleman of cul-
ture and superior business ability. Mr.
Fred Sloss, a brother, is a partner, and
is known as a gentleman of excellent
character. He came to this city with
his brother in 1876, when there were but
4,000 inhabitants. Since tiien they have
been connected with the iron industry,
and have, from the first, taken a leading
and conspicuous part in the development
of the mineral interests of the State.
They have proven to the community
that they are indispensable factors in the
march of development. They are con-
nected with a number of companies,
enterprises, etc., and are justly regarded
the leading si^irits of North Alabama,
and men who stand high, both socially
and commercially.

Wholesale Grocers.

ALLEN, SCOTT & CO., Whole.sale
Grocers. — Birmingham is fast looming
up as a wholesale trade center, and there
are many reasons why it should suc-
cessfully compete with older and larger
cities. One advantage, which she has,
is the fact that she is l^ecoming more and
more every year a prominent railroad
center, and her merchants will be en-
abled to ship goods tiirough this and
even adjacent States at the lowest rates
of freight. Some of the most enterpris-
ing and progressive merchants are real-
izing these facts, and have established
exclusive wholesale houses, and in every
instance these ventures have met witli
signal success.

Among the largest, oldest, and most
influential houses to l)e found here i.s
that of Allen, Scott & Co., the pioneer
Wholesale Grocers, and dealers in grain
and hay. Their place of business is 1909
First avenue, and 1908 Morris avenue.
The bu.siness was established in 1885, suc-
ceeding Allen, Scott & Sherrard ; the
latter succeeding James A. Allen & Co.,
who commenced business in the early
days of Birmingham. The storeroom is
a handsome one, a three-story brick
building 25 feet in width by 182 feet in
depth, running through the entire square
from street to street. The stock consists
of staple and fancy groceries, which are
kept in large quantities and are bought
from first hands. Every article usually
to be found in a wholesale grocery store
can be purchased here, and at lowest
prices. They keep nothing but fresh

goods, and sell to merchants exclusively.
They are competing successfully with
Eastern and Western houses, and the
scope of their trade extends not only
through this, but into adjacent States.
They employ a number of traveling sales-
men, and are kept busy filling orders
for numerdus customers. They make
a S])ecialtv also of grain and hay, for
which articles they have a large trade.

Mr. W. C. Scott is a native of Nash-
ville, Tennessee, and was formerly in the
wholesale hardware business in that
city, and was subsequently identified
with the woolen mills there. He is a
member of the Masonic order, and a
gentleman of high social and commercial
standing.

Mr. B. C. Scott, now deceased, was
also a native of Nashville, and was
formerly storekeeper for the Tennessee
Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., at Tracy
City, Tennessee. He was an Odd Fellow,
and a member of the Knights of Pythias,
and was a man who had a large circle of
friends that admired him for his many
admirable traits.

Mr. C. A. Allen was born in Southern
Alabama, and educated at the University
of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, where he
graduated. He is a young man, but en-
dowed with indomitable energj', and is
a wide-awake member of the firm.

Mr. James A. Allen is father of C. A.,
and the original founder of this sterling
house. He is the senior member of the
firm, and takes a lively interest in its
afi'airs, and is identified with their inter-
ests, and here his old customers and
friends will always find bim. Mr. Allen
came to Birmingham in 1871, the first
year of its existence, and in seventeen
years has seen it grow into a large and
flourishing city. In this time he has
devoteil his entire time and energy
to his business, and has seen all his ef-
forts crowned with success. He is a
valuable factor, not only to the firm, but
the city.

This firm thus combines in its part-
nership the wisdom of age with the
energy of youth, and it ranks as the
leading house, in this special line, in this
city, if not, indeed, in the State.

Coke Pig Iron.

TENNESSEE COAL, IRON & RAIL-
ROAD CO. — The material resources and
advantages possessed by Birmingham
and surrounding territorj' cannot be sur-
passed. Of these, by far the most im-
portant are the inexhaustible beds of

EiRMIXGIIAM.

the finest coal and iron. The corpor-
:ation known as The Tennessee Coal, Iron
■& Railroad ( "o. — of national reputation —
was estahlished in 188(). The capital
•stock is $10,000,000. Tlie vast husiness
now conducted hy this cor])oration in
isuch a thoroughly elhcien manner ex-
tends through a large range of territory
— from Maine to Califoriua. The Com-
pany is divided into five divisions, name-
ly : The Birmingham Division, which
■comprises the two Alice Fuinaces and
the Linn Iron Works; the Pratt Mines
Division, which supplies nearly all the
iurnaces around with coal and coke; the
Ensley Division, comprising four fur-
naces at luisley ; the .South Pittsburg
Division, which embraces three furnaces
at South Pittsburg. Tennessee, and the
Cowan Division, which embraces one
furnace and mines at Cowan, Tennessee.
The daily outj)ut of coal is 0,000 tons; of
iron, that of the Alice Funuices 180 tons,
and that of the Ensley City Furnaces
600 tons of iron daily. The Company's
facilities are as perfect as its connections
are influential. It is the largest corpor-
ation of the kind in the South, and em-
ployes 2,700 men. The officers of the
Company are : President, N. Baxter, Jr.,
of Nashville; T. T. Hillman, Vice-Presi-
<lent, Birmingham ; Jas. Bowron, of Nash-
A^ille, Secretary and Treasurer; A. M.
Shook, General Manager; J. A. Stratton,
•Cashier; and J. J. Gray, Sales Agent,
Room 3, Johnston Building, Cincinnati,
■Ohio.

The above are gentlemen of public
spirit, conservative, yet fully imbued
with the true sjiirit of enterprise, hence
they enjoy a record possessed onh' by
those whose transactions ai'e based upon
the strictest regard for commercial honor.
The principles wliich regulate the busi-
ness policy of this corpcjration are such
as to entitle it to general respect and
•confidence, while the great extent of its
operations has made its position one of
national prominenct', adding very largely.
Indeed, to the sum total of Birming-
ham's volume of business, for it is the
•chief source whence her industrial pop-
ulation secures support and em])loyment.

The Sloss Iron and Steel Company.

General office: Alabama National
Bank building. — The magnitude and
extent of the iron-producing industries
clustered around this city are almost
as much a matter of wonderment as the
vast deposits of valuable mineral.

There are certain of these industries,

l)y reason of their size and successful
record, considered representative in
character, and anything regarding them
is read with interest, for it is a well-
recognized fact that they are the foun-
dation stones, as it were, on which the
superstructure of commercial suprem-
acy must rest. The conditions are all
favorable for the upbuilding of a great
city, and, in view of this fact, the day is
not distant when Birmingham, like
Pittsburg, will be surrounded by mis-
cellaneous industries of all kinds.

The Sloss Iron & Steel Company is
the pioneer and forerunner in a great
work. While the chief product of the
Sloss Furnaces at present is pig iron,
they will ultimately make steel. The
quality of the product is the best coke
pig iron, and commands in the market
the highest prices.

This Company has two furnaces near
the city completed, and two at North
Birmingham nearly completed. They
employ five hundred men in furnace
work alone, and will soon have an out-
put daily of four hundred tons. The
plant is one of the largest, oldest and
best known in the South. The Company
was originally founded by Col. W. J.
Sloss, the pioneer iron manufacturer, but
in February, 1887, Avas sold, and the pres-
ent company organized.

The officers are : Thomas Seddon,
President ; Kenneth Robertson, General
INIanager, and J. P. Williams, Secretary
and Ti'easurer.

The officers are gentlemen of excellent
business qualifications, and thoroughly
informed as to the details of iron manu-
facture.

The Company is, next to the Ten-
nessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company,
the largest and wealthiest in the South.
They own fifty thousand acres of coal
and iron lands in Alabama. In these
tracts of mineral lairds are some of the
best varieties of iron and coal known to
the State. The Company owns also
640 acres in town lots at Bessemer,
and has been and is still largely instru-
mental in building up that marvelous
little city.

AVhen all the various branches of the
Company's business are in operation,
they will emploj' 2,500 men, with a
monthly pay roll of $65,000. They have
coal and iron mines at Coalburg and
Irondale, where they mine their own
coal and make their own coke. Under
the present management the Company
has taken a new lease of life, and is but
on the thi-eshold of a great work for Ala-

North Alabama.

bama, for it must be conceded that such
a corporation is a primal factor in tlie
development of the State's great mineral
wealth.

Real Estate and Insurance.

JOHN G. SMITH &. CO., 2007 First
Avenue. — One of the most influential
business firms of Birmingham is that of
John G. Smith & Co., real estate and in-
surance agents, with office at No. 2007
First avenue. These gentlemen combine
two important branches of business nec-
essary to the growth of a city. The
firm, which is composed of Messrs.
John G. Smith and J. Smith Speed,
does an immense business, and with
their extensive experience and correct
and reliable methods make their services
of great value to those who place busi-
ness in their hands.

Mr. Smith is of Scotch descent, and is
a native of Georgetown, Georgia, being a
sou of the celebrated and widely known
physician. Dr. Wm. Tell Smith Mr.
Smith has the entire charge of the
insurance department, and Mr. Speed
has under his management and special
attention the real estate department of
the firm.

Mr. Speed is a native of Louisville,
Kentucky, where he was educated, and
was for some years engaged in Govern-
ment service, being connected with the
Postoflice Department. In both Louis-
ville and Birmingham he has been iden-
tified with all the public-spirited move-
ments.

They have on sale choice tracts of coal,
iron and timber lands. Likewise, desir-
able business property in Birmingham,
houses and vacant lots, tracts of lands
adjoining the city limits, and fertile
farms. They make a specialty of hand-
ling large bodies of land in syndicates,
in cooperative action or for joint stock
companies ; while, as insurance agents,
they represent some of the largest and
soundest companies in the United States.
They are agents for the North British
and Merchants, Liverpool and London
and Globe, Hamburg, Bremen, Commer-
cial Union and Factors' and Traders' In-
surance Companies ; the Fire Associati^ju
of Philadelphia, the Fidelity and (Jasualty
Company and others. They control tlie
insuring of large lines of city property
and are able and experienced under-
writers. Their premiums are as low as
the lowest and all losses are promptly
adjusted and paid. The rapid growth
of the firm's business is due to fair

and honorable dealings, thorough knowl-
edge of the market and values, and those
who are guided by Messrs. Smith A: Co.'s
sound judgment can rely upon securing;
l)roperties that must prove remunerative-
investments.

Berney National Bank.

Birmingham is especially favored iii
the management of her banks, for it is.
done upon conservative and intelligent,
methods, exercising a wholes(Mne influ-
ence upon all the business interests of
the city, infusing into them the spirit of
enterprise and strength, a fact which has
given the banks such high sranding;
among the influential instituiions of the
country. Indeed, it is to the reasonable,,
conservative, yet, withal, lil)eral policy
of tJie l)anks "here that the city of Bir-
mingham held her rei)utation and re-
markal)le prosperity in the past, and,
upon which she must rely for future suc-
cess. A notable instance of the foremost,
financial institutions of the State is af-
forded in the history and .standing of the
Bei-ney National Bank. It was estab-
lished in 1886, with a canital stock of
$100,000, increased to $300,000 in Janu-
ary, 1887, now has a surplus of $75,000,.
and enjoj'S to day a greater degree of;
prosperity than at any time in the past..
The officers are William Berney, Pres-
ident; H. F. DeBardeleben, Vice Pres-
ident; J. B. Cobbs, Cashier, and W. P...
G. Harding, Assistant Cashier. The
Board of Directors comprise such men as.
H. F. DeBardeleben, T. H. Aldrich, I. Y..
Sage, Robert Jemison, Charles Wheelock,^
JNIorris Adler, L. D. Aylett, Joseph :Mc-
Lester and William Berney. A Board
comprising better, abler or more con-
servative men could not have been,
selected either in this or in any other-
communit)'.

The bank is located on First avenue,^
between Nineteenth and Twentieth,
streets, in the banking center of the city.
The building occupied is a two-story-
brick structure, 272x67=} feet in dimen-
sions. The interior arrangement is neat,,
attractive, and all that could be desired..
Mr. Berney, the President, is a man of"
solid worth, and stands high in finan-
cial circles as a wise and conservative:
manager. He was born and reared in
Montgomery, and is yet in the prime of
life. He served with distinction during;
the war between the States, and at its.
close began active business life. Wheik
Birmingham was first surveyed he came?

Birmingham.

here as Freight Agent for the Louisville
& Nashville Railroad Company, and sub-
sequently held the position of book-
keeper in the old National Bank, and
still later was appointed Cashier, suc-
ceeding Charles Linn. As President he
resigned this position to accept the Pres-
idency of the bank which bears his
name. His life work has been a remark-
able one, and the success which he has
achieved has been the result of liis great
energy and superior ability

Mr. H. F. DeBardeleben, the Vice
President, was born in Autauga County,
Alabama. He is a man of sound judg-
ment, enterprising, cautious and con-
servative, and has proven himself an im-

portant factor in the success of the bank,
as well as of other enterprises in the
State. Elsewhere in this volume will be
found a more detailed sketch of Mr.
DeBardeleben's life.

Mr. J. B. Cobbs, the Cashier, is a son
of Chancellor Cobbs, and descends from
a family noted for its high character and
intellectual worth. He came to Birming-
liani in 1883 as bookkeeper in the
National Bank. We are safe in saying
that no young man in the city stands
higher in either social or business circles
than he. In a word, it can be stated
that the Berney Bank is a credit to its
management, an honor to the city, and yet
has a larger and wider field of usefulness.

North Ai .mj.^ma.

First National Bunk of Birmingham, Ala-
bama.

The prosperity of banking concerns of
any city is indicative of an era of c(mu-
niercial progress. The city of Birining-
huiu should feel proud of her hanking
institutions, and among the largest and
most influential, not only here, but in
the State (tf Alabama, we mention that
of the First National The bank com-
menced business in LSS4. The l)uildfn»
occupied by this institution, on the cor-
ner of First avenue and Twentieth street,
is three stories, 50 by 100 in dimension.
The facade, built of pressed brick, with
heavy granite cappings, presents quitt' a
handsome appearance. The main busi-
ness aiiartmcnt is a model of (degance,
neatness and convenience. It is frescoecl
in the highest style of the art, and is
also embellished with handsome orna-
mental wood work. The floor is tiled,
and it would be diliicult to find a more

convenient or better furnished interior
in any linaiicial institution in the State.
In addition llure are all necessary pri-
v;ite otiices, cominittee rooms, etc.

The othcers are : W. J. Cameron, Pres-
ident ; John C Henley, Vice President;
E. \V. Linn, Cashier; T. D. Smith,
Assistant Cashier, and T. M Bra<lley,
First Assistant Cashier. The Directors
are: H. M Caldwell, T L. Iluggins, P.
H. l-:arl(>, \y. T. Underwood, T. T. Mill-
man, William A. Walker, Jr., John C.
Hi'uley, W. J ( ameron and E. W. Linn.
With such othcers and such a Board of
Directors, it is no wonder the institution
has made such a successful record. Its
executive is a guarantee also of future
prosperity. It is needless for us to say
ihe I'irst'Natio' al J^ank ranks wilh the
leading banking institutions of the
South, anil, jiroliably, excepting only the
Elyton l.antl Company, it atibrds the
most ri-markable instance of success in
Birniintiham.

Birmingham.

Capital, $250,000, and surplus, $125,000.

Mr. Cameron is a native of Montgomery,
and of Scotch-Irish descent, and is still a
young man. Before identifying himself
with his present work, he was connected
with the bank of Josiah Morris & Co ,
at Montgomery. In 1880 he received the
position as Assistant Cashier of the Bank
of Birmingham, and occuined a similar
position in tlie First National Bank until
he was promoted to the Presidency. It
has been mainly due to his energy, fore-
thought and sagacity that the bank has
prospered .

Capt. John C. Henley, the Xice Presi-
dent, is also a native of Montgomery.
He is one of tlie organizers of the First
National, and to his excellent judgment
and vigilance much credit is due.

Mr. E. \V. Linn, Cashii-r, and son of
Charles Linn, is also a native of .AFont-
gomery, born in 1852. He was fi>r a num-
ber of years a drummer for a Cincinnati
house ; was Secretary and Treasurer of
the Linn Iron Works, and exchange
clerk and collector for the old National
Bank of Birmingham, He has shown
himself eminently adaptcl to his work,
and worthy entirely of the responsibility
of his position.

Mr. Thomas O. Smith, Assistant
Cashier, is a son of the distinguished I'r.
Jo.seph R. Smith, of Elyton. He has a
bright future, is a young man of ability,
energy and tact, and is proving a valua-
ble factor in the success of the institution.

The Bank employes over twenty men,
and the increasing demamls will necessi-
tate an increase in this force. The Bank
is committed to a wise and conservati'-e
policy, and is unquestionably among the
leading financial institutions of the
Southern States.

REAL ESTATE. STOCKS, BONDS AND BROKERAGE.

PINCKARD, DE BARDELEBEN &
CO. — This firm was organized on the 1st
of September, 1886, and lias since then
occupied roomy quarters on the tlrst fioor
of the Florence Hotel. .\s regards the
composition of the firm there can be no
question as it is exceed) ugly strong. It will
be difficult to find anywiiere a iiappier
combination of energy, enterprise and
experience allied to a jiractically unlim-
ited capital. Pinckard, De Bardelelien
& Co.'s operations have been conducted
on a conspicuously large scale, which has
placed them at the head and front of
their business in the ]\lagic City.

Mr. De Bardeleben is one of the busiest

men in America, and so numerous are
the calls upon his time that he wisely
leaves the entire conduct of the real
estate and brokerage busi ness in the hands
of his astute partner

Pinckard, De Bardeleben & Co. own
large and valua1)le real estate property of
every description in aid around Bir-
mingham, and intending investors will
do themselves an injustice if they fail to
inspect the bargains held here. The firm
are about to ei-ect on some of their lands
a number of houses, which they will sell
outriglit or rent on easy terms to would-
be settlers in this overcrowded city.

It is gratifying to find that the antici-
pations raised when Pinckard, De Barde-
leben & Co. commenced business have
been more than realized, while the con-
tinuance of their career of progress and
success is full of promise of future gain
to Birmingham.

Coal, Saw Mills, Etc.

S. T. BRITTLE.— Too much cannot
be said of the younger class of represen-
tative business' men of this city, for it is
to their energy, intelligence and liberal
spirit that Birmingham occupies her
present high degree of prosperity. _

Perhaps no one man in the city of
Birmingham has done more toward
building up the city of magic growth
than Mr. S. T. Brittle, whose business
career here dates from 1877. Coming
here at that time, a stranger, he occupied
the comparatively humble position of
clerk, and, step by' step, won his way up — ■
j.romotions accorded him from time to
time l)y reason of his exhibiting a fitness
for his work and superior business
capacity. He has witnessed the struggles
and triumphs of Birmingham with a
watchful eye and helping har«l, and at
all times has been found identified with
the best interests of the city.

In the eleven years of his residence in
this section he has made an enviable
record for himself, achieving a name and
a fortune of which few men can boast
and occupying to-day positions of great
responsibility.

He is secretary, treasurer and general
manager of the Henryellen Coal Com-
pany, at Henryellen, Ala., and also occu-
pies a similar position with the Pratt
Saw ^lill Company, at Verbena, Ala.
Mr. Brittle is a native of Athens, Ala.,
and was formerly a druggist. He mar-
ried in the summer of 1880 the eldest
daughter of the Hon. H. F. DeBardeleben,
president of the Henryellen Coal Com-

North Alabama.

pany and also of the Pratt Saw Mill
Company.

It is not necessary to state that he fills
these offices with credit to himself and
.satisfaction to the companies named.
His success is a reward of merit, for he
has given evidence of high order of lousi-
ness ahiHty in the management of his
varied business interests.

Land Company.

THE GATE CITY LAND COMPANY.

— One of the most flourishing enter-
prises know^l to Birmingham is the Gate
City Land Company, organized in March,
1887. Ever since the organization this
company has prospered, owing to the
fine business abilities of its officers and
directors.

The comjoany own 700 acres of land
five miles from Birmingham. The prop-
erty is in every way most acceptable, for
no less than four of the most important
main trunk lines in the State run through
it, giving eight railroad outlets. Several
large industries have been originated by
this enterprising company, and are now
located on the property. Among these
are the rolling mills, glass works, the
Birmingham Mining and Manufacturing
Company (which pi-epares limestone for
furnaces, ballast, etc.), besides pottery
works and planing mills. The rolling
mills are to add sheet mills this sum-
mer, and several more large industries
are under contract for location at Gate
City. The main object of the company is
to develop their mineral lands and glass
works property and to furnish cheap and
economical homes for working u»en en-
gaged in different enterprises, which
they are in every way able and well pre-
pared to do. The working man will find
it much to his advantage to locate on the
property *of the Gate City Land Com-
pany ; first, because noichere in this
section can he live at so cheap a rate,
owing to the favorable offers made by
this company, and secondly, because it
is the healthifst location in this neighbor-
hood, owing largely to the fact that the
Unefit f ref stone water is evei-ywhere to be
found on the land.

Mr. Robert Warnock is President, a
gentleman well known for his push, en-
terprise and business ability. He has,
since he began business, made his career
in life a successful one, ever rising, grad-
ually but surely, from the lower round
of the ladder, until he has reached his
present prominent position, which he so
ably fills.

Mr. N. W. Smith, Jr., is Secretary and

Treasurer, and is an able and faithful
officer, and a man who enjoys the esteem
and confidence of all wlio know him.

The directors are Messrs. Fred Sloss,
Maclin Sloss, Robert Warnock, A. W.
Smith, E. G. Taylor and W. P. Hickman,
all well known to possess sterling busi-
ness qualities, as well as being enterpris-
ing and progressive men, well calculated,
indeed, to direct this representative cor-
poration, of which Birmingham may well
be proud.

The Builders' Supplies Company.

The extensive enterprise displayed by
those engaged in the lumber business in
this city gives every assurance of rapid
increase and development. Amongthe es-
tablishments which are eminently deserv-
ing of particular mention in a record of the
industries and commerce of the city, few
stand higher than the Builders' Supplies
Company. Their house was established
in 1887, and subsequent to that time has
enjoyed an extensive and liberal patron-
age. The premises occupied by the com-
pany are eligiby located on Twenty-third
street, between Alabama Great Southern
and Georgia Pacific Railroad tracks, and
consist of two large warehouses and an
elegantly fitted-up office. They have been
established since January, 1888, and have
two branch houses, one in Anniston,and
managed by Thos. S. Forbes, and the
other at East Lake. The immense stock
carried embraces a full line of building
materials and supplies of all kinds,
including fire brick, brick, sand, lime,
cement, doors, sash, blinds, mantels,
paints, glass, slate, stone tiling, lumber,
hair, plaster of paris, A. A. Tarred felt,
tarred felt, two and three-ply ready roof-
ing, Iniilding paper, roof coating, roof
paint, grates and a full line of l)uilders*
hardware, the Company being sole
agents for Choccolocco fine oil-pre.ssed,
plain and ornamental bricks, also for the
Mica Roofing Company, of New York,
and Westbrook's lime. They have .satis-
factory arrangements with the Cleveland
Stone Company and Zanesville Brick
Works, which enat)les them to place the
product of the above named works to
their customers much lower than they
can be purcha.sed elsewhere. The indi-
vidual members of this firm are Messrs.
J. T. Bradford, W. A. I\Iuri)hy and Deas
Murphy

Mr. Bradford is a native of Florida,
and has resided in this city nearly two
years.

Messrs. W^. A. and Deas Murphy are
from New York City, and have resided

BiRMINXtHAM.

here over a year. These gentlemen
iire held in higli esteem by tl)e commn-
Tiity. The general characteristics of their
house for financial solvency, thorough
•conception of the business in which they
^re engaged, together with a high stand-
•ard of personal and commercial honor,
would reflect credit upon any commu-
jnity.

Baxter Stove and Manufacturing Co.

There is no better place probably on
♦the American continent for the location
• of a stove manufacturing company than
Birmingham. The reason of tliis is
•obvious. The close proximity to both
iron and coal makes any enterprise of
"this nature at once a sure success. The
proprietors of the Baxter Stove and Man-

5ufacturing Company, appreciating this
fact, removed to this city from Louis-
ville, Ky., succeeding the establishment
•of John G. Baxter. The plant was estab-
lished here in Noveml)er, 1S8(5, and is
nearly two years old. The i)usiness
•conducted is that of manufacturing heat-
ing and cooking stoves of all kinds,
ranges, mantel grates, stove and country
liollow ware, etc., etc. They use none
hut the best of iron, and are well
-equipped for conducting the business,
^nd that on an extensive scale. They
•employ a large number of skilled work-
men, and their daily output is very
large. Their facilities for manufacturing
requires constant additi<ins and the
works are gradually extending, and are
probably the largest works of the kind
iSouth of the Ohio River. Their goods
-are equal to the best, and command a
ready sale in the markets throughout the
•entire country.

The President of the Com^jany is G C.

Kelley, a native of Wilmington, North
Carolina, where he was identified with
the hardware business with George A.
Peck. Subsequently lie was connected
with the Atlantic Coast Line, holding a
position in the Auditor's office. He has
i)een a resident of Birmingham six or
seven years, having been the head of a
large liardware house for that period.
He is identified largeh' with the mineral
interest of the State

W. H. Wooldridge, First Vice Presi-
dent, moved to this city from Louisville,
having been connected with the stove
works of that city, and while there was
President of the same.

W. D. Hill, Second Vice President,
also came from Louisville with the
Stove Works, which was then known as
the iiaxter Stove Foundrj'.

Mr. C. W. Sisson, Secretary and
Treasurer, also came from the Falls City

al)Out a year ngn. at tiir time tlie jjlant
was moveil here. \\- may nn'ntion, by
way of parenthesis, that ilessrs. AVoold-

NOHTII AlABAiMA.

ridpo, Hill and Sisson,all marru'd daii^li-
torsol'Mr Baxtt-r, the late Prt'sidnit of
the Baxter Stove Foundry, of liouisville.
Till' (.'ompany (Miiployss one Imndred
and fifty hands, and transaets a lar<j;e
bnsiness. The seope of their trade is not
confined to the United States, but they
have shipi)ed their wares to Mexieo and
the Central American States. It is uni-
versally conceded that the Baxter Stove
and Manufacturing Company is one of
the most important mannfactiirinj: enter-
prises in the South, and as it is the pio-
neer in its spt'cial line, it is destined to
revolutionize manufacturinjj; here and
prove a revelation to the Southern
peoi^le.

Pig Iron.

MARY PRATT FURNACE COM-
PANY. — The furnace is the most import-
ant and valuable ajjency in the matter of
industrial development. From this parent
industry all others in this I'oal and iron
region spriiii^, and in a historical and
commercial review of this nature we ai--
cord such enteri)rises liberal and promi-
nent mention by reasons iif tlu'ir prime
importance.

In the great march of growth and de-
velopment of Birmingham, it wouUl be
dirticult to single out a mort> potent fac-
tor than the ]Mary Bratt Furnace. Six
years ago (bSS'J) it was estal)lished. The
location is in the northeastern section of
the city, with connecting tracks to all
railroads here. There is one furnace and
three Whitewell stoves, and the output
is fifty tons daily. Fifty hands are em-
ployed.

The ]iresident is W. T. Underwt)od,
Esq. Mr. Ihiderwood is a 'Pennesseean,
but was educated in bouisville, Ky.,
where he practiced law. He was at one
time president of the C-hamber of Com-
merce, this city. lie is a gentleman of
pleasing demeanor and recognized al)ility.
His wt'll-directed energii's have met with
full fruition, and he enjoys the confidence
and good will of all who know him.

]\Ir. .1. H. Edwards, general manager,
is an Alabaniian, and was formerly en-
gaged in cotton manufacturing. Mr. Ed-
wards is a man of superior ability and
character and is highly esteemed. He
has been identitied with this company
since its organization an<l has made an
etlicient antl faithful otlieer

Thus constituted and operated and
managed the Mary Pratt Furnace Ctuu-
pany is a credit to .Tetlerson county, and
is doing a good wiirk in adding to her
wealth.

Alabama National Bank,
A true exponent of the thrift of any
connnunity is the success and degree of
l)rosperity of its banking institutions. A
conspicuous example in this instance is
that of the .\lal)ama National ])ank. This
bank was organized Noveml)er, ISStl, and
has a cash capital of half a million. The
otlicers are, .loseph F. .lohnston. Presi-
dent ; T. B. Bvons, Vice President;
Ceorge H. Waddell, Cashier; H. B.
Urquhart, A.ssistant Cashier. Tlie Direc-
tors are, Hon. A. O. Lane, Mayor of the
city, General E. \V. Rucker, Capitalist,
Judge T. U. Lyons, President of the Cen-
tral Trust Conipany ; Col. R. H. Pi-arson,
Attorney at Law ; Maj. John W. John-
ston, President of the (reorgia Pacific
Railroad ; Captain Joseph H. Johnston,
President, and B. F. Koden, President of
the Avondale Land Conipany. The
Board of Directors comprise the jinblic
spirited, jjiogressive and most influential
men of Birmingham, and is a guarantee,
not only of sound linancial condition,
l)ut at once commits the bank to a wise
and economic policy. They do a general
l)anking business, giving special atten-
tion to collections in all parts of the
United States. The bank building is
located on the corner of First avenue
and Twentieth street. It is among the
handsomest and most showy structures,
in the city ; is three stories in height and
74 by lL'5 feet in dimensions. The
interior of the building is a model of
beauty. The walls and ceilings are
tinished in handsome wood work, carved
and beautifully polished, which presents
an appearance as striking as it is
unusual. The bank is supplied with
every convenience and modern improve-
ment. The floor is of tiling, and the
windows are made of handsome stained
glass. Since its organization it has
steadily grown in public favor, and is to-
day one among the most popular institu-
tions of the city. It is j)roper for us to
say, just herctiiat the Alabama National
was originally chartered as a State Bank
in ISSo, and at that time was organized
with a capital of Sl'OO.OUO. In ISSti, how-
I'ver, it was changed to a National Bank,
Surplus and undivided profits foot up
S4.i,(H)0, while the deposits aggregate
something over $riOO,000, facts which
speaks volumes for the management.
Parties at a distance can not do better-
than to place their collections and busi-
ness with this institution. They deal in
foreign anil domestic exchange, tJovern-
ment and domestic securities, and.
all business incident to general bankings

Birmingham.

Capt. Joseph F. Johnston, the Presi-
dent, is well known thoui.'hout this State
for his financial ability, enterprise and
publie spirit. He is a native of tiie Old
North State, and served throu<;h the war
with the rank of captain. At the close
of hostilities he cast his fortnne with the
people of Alabama, movin<r to Selnia. In
the days of reconstruction he was a
prominent factor in the redemption of
the State from the hands of the corrup-
tionists, renderinjj; vahiable assistance to
the Democratic ])arty. He is universally
regarded as one of Birniin<.diain's ablest
and shrewdest business men, enjoving
the esteem and confidence of the entire
community.

Judge Lyons, the Vice President, is a
prominent man and an able lawyer. He,
too, like his distinguished associate,
served in the army of the Confederate
States from the lirst call to arms until
the surrenderat Ap])oiiiatt()X. He served
with credit to liimself and honor to his
native State— Louisiana. He was a mem-
ber of the convention oi ]87i), that made
the present constitution of Louisiana,
came to Birmingham three years ago and
at once became identified w'ith the citv's
largest anil most important interests, and

lias proven a valuable and progressive
citizen.

(ieo. H. Waddell, the Cashier, has
been a resident here scarcely two years,
coming here from Columbus, Ga., yet in
that time he has made many friends, and
has sliown himself a valualjle acquisition
to the business men of P>lrmingham. He
thoroughly understands all the details of
banking, and is undoubtedly the right
man in the right place.

Mill, Mining and Furnace Supplies.

iMILNER & KETTIG -The rapid de-
velopment of the mineral wealth of this
section of Alabama has created an enor-
mous demand for mill, mining and fur-
nace supplies, and the outgrowth of this
demand has been the establishment of
some business houses of an exclusive
nature and considerable magnitude.
Foremost of this class of merchants is
the firm of Milner & Kettig. This house
was established more than ten years ago
and has enjoyed an unsusual clegree of
prosperity. The demands of the busi-
ness require two stores. The main store
is located on Twentieth street and Powell
avenue. It contains a total floor space

North Alabama.

of over 2,000 square feet. Conveniently
located on the Belt Railroad, they have
a large warehouse 200x150, in which they
unload all their very heavy goods, there-
by saving the drayage and double hand-
ling. The total area occupied l)y this
firm is over one acre, and all of this space
is tilled up with a stock, large and com-
prehensive, eni])racing in part mill and
mining supplies, wrought iron pipe and
fittings, pumps, phunbing supplies, rub-
ber and leather belting, rubber hose and
packing, etc., etc. Everytliing needed
by the mining operator to develop and
open his mines can be foun<i here at
prices that defy competition. It is here
also that the furnaces, mills, factories,
etc., can find all the supplies necessary
to carry on their business. This firm is
also largely engaged in the ]")lumbing,
gas and steam fitting business, employ-
ing the best talent obtainable for this
department and doing all work on a
scientific plan, using the best sanitary
appliances. The people of Birmingham
have not been slow in attesting their ap-
preciation, which can be seen by the im-
mense amount of work and contracts
they constantly have on hand. Major
W. J. Milner, the senior partner, is a
native of this State, and for many wars
has been identified with various interests
in this city. He is secretary and treas-
urer of the Ellyton Land Company, and
has been in this position ever since the
founding of this wealthy corporation.
He is a man of tine intelligence, untiring
energy and superior ability, and is so
well known to the people of this State
that he needs no introduction. Mr. W.
H. Kettig, the junior partner and gen-
eral manager of the firm, is a native of
Louisville, Ky., where he received his
business ti'aining. He came to Birming-
ham some three years ago and entered
into Ids present business. To bis good
management, sound judgment and busi-
ness sagacity the immense success of the
firm is attributable. Mr. Kettig, like liis
partner, enjoys the esteem of all who
know him.

Having the interest of the city at heart
this house has several times been instru-
mental in starting young merchants and
manufacturers into business by giving
them substantial aid. Broad and liberal
in their views, and by indomitable energy
they have succeeded" in l)uilding up the
largest trade in their line in the South.
Their trade extends from the Tennessee
to the (lulf and from the Carolinas far
into the West.

Birmingham's Music Trade.

JESSE FRENCH RIANO cV ORGAN
CO. — There is perhaps no line of trade in
all this great and growing city which
marks the growth, enterpi'ise and pros-
perity of Birminuham as does the music
trade".

Realizing that Birmingham was de-
stined to become a city second to none
in the South, The Jesse French Piano
and Organ Company, with a paid-up cap-
ital of half a million dollars, commenced
early in the fall of 1877, making arrange-
ments to enter the city. I)fcend)er 1
they succeeded the well known house of
Gilbert (Jarter by .purchasing, for cash,
his entire stock of pianos and organs
and stock of notes due from customers,
thus getting possession at once of a well-
established business.

Ml-. Carter, the former proprietor, ha.s
been secured as business manager, and
with a bookkeeper, tuner and repairer,
and a large. corps of salesmen, he is hold-
ing forth at the old stand, 215 N. Twenty-
first street.

The Jesse French Piano and Organ
Company consists of the music bouses of
Jesse French, Nashville, Tenn., O. K.
Houck & Company, Memphis, Tenn.,
and the Field-French Piano.Company, of
St. Louis, Mo., consolidated and formed
into a stock company with Jesse French
as President.

Besides the four houses mentioned,
this Company have established agencies
at Little Rock, Ark., Chattanooga, Tenn.,
Urlando, Fla., and many other cities and
towns in the South and West, but it is
our object in this writing to speak only
of the Birmingham Itranch.

Of the many reliable business men of
Alabama .there are none who holds a
higher place in the esteem of the general
public than that enterprising, Christian
gentleman, (iilbcrt Carter, business man-
ager of the Birmingham house. He com-
menced business here less than five
years ago without capital or experience,
but liis close aj)plication to busiiu'ss and
his strict habits of honesty and integrity
have won for him a i)lace in the hearts of
all those who have the gtxjd fortune to
know him and a V)usiness rei>utation of
which many much older than himself
would be glad to boast. Having estab-
lished a large and successful business,
with the odds against him, and by strict
integrity won the confidence of the pub-
lic, he is eminently fitted for the resi)on-
sibilities of the position in which he has
been placed. Mr. B. F. Newell, the

Birmingham.

pleasant and affable bookkeeper, is a stu-
dent of Moore's Southern Business Uni-
versity, and for the last few years has
been employed in the nuisic house as
bookkeeper, and is well posted in regard
to his duties,

Mr. Frank F. Turner, tuner and re-
pairer, is a graduate of the tuning school
in the Conservatory of Music at Boston,
and comes direct from Boston to accept
his position with this company.

The corps of salesmwi are all young
and energetic men, and are placing their
goods all along the many lines of rail-
roads leaving the citj\ Mr. Carter's ter-
ritory consists of Alabama and a portion
of Georgia and Mississippi, and he is de-
termined to put their pianos and organs
in every town and village in the terri-
tory.

i^esides their own make of goods, they
sell all the leading instruments, both
pianos and organs. Among them the
Buhr Bros., Hardman, Schubert and New
England pianos, and A. B. Chase, Chi-
cago Cottage organs. They sell either for
cash or on easy payments, and no one
need be without music in their home. If
they don't care to purchase an instru-
ment at once, they can rent one and then
let the rent apply to purchase.

Boots and Shoes.

PERRY-MASON SHOE CO., First
Avenue, between Twentieth and Twenty-
first streets. — lu compiling the industries
of Birmingham, there are certain con-
trolling staples which exercise a vital in-
fluence upon her reputation and trade,
and hardly anyone occupies this position
more prominently than the boot and
shoe trade. No better inducements to
the enterprising business man for the in-
vestment of capital offers, while there is
no branch where popular talents con-
tribute more largely to success than in
this line of mercantile pursuit, where
patronage depends s@ much upon public
favor. Among the establishments of Bir-
mingham that have evinced the posses-
sion ©f these qualities in a marked degree
none stand higher than the well-known
firm of The Perry-Mason Shoe Com-
pany. This house, which does an
exclusive wholesale trade in boots and
8ht)e8, was established in 1887. The
store, built of brick and most con-
veniently located in tlie beautiful Mc-
Adory building, on First avenue, between
Twentieth and Twenty-first .streets, which
is one of the largest and best appointed
stores in Birmingham, comprising four

stories, each 30x1722 feet in dimensions.
This is the largest house of the kind
in Northern Alabama, and its trade
extends throughout tins and all iAie
neighboring States, and the energy and
foresight of the firm will soon cause it to
extend through the entire Southwest.
Their goods are known everywhere as
the best, and command the confidence of
their numerous customers. The firm does ,
an immense business, their sales for the
past year far exceeding all expectations.
They have prepared to double this year
the amount of business transacted "last
year.

The members of the firm are Messrs.
W. Mason, H. VV. Perry and VV. P. Crad-
dock.

Mr. W. Mason, a native of Limestone
County, Alabama, traveled five years for
Richards, Ma.son & Co., of Nashville,
and a time for their successors, Rich-
ards Bros. & Co., represeiitii)^ these
houses in this section.

Mr. H. W. Perry, a native of Marion,
Alabama, belongs to the well-known
wholesale tobacco and cigar house of
H. W. Perry & Co., this^ city, having
been four years in this business in Bir-
mingham.

Mr. W. P. Craddock is a native of Col-
umbus, Mississippi, and before uniting
with the firm was traveling salesman for
H. P. Perry & Co., of this city. He is
quite a young man and brings enlarged
experience to the business.

With ample capital, buying direct from
the most celebrated factories and haying
a long and varied experience in their
liuse, they are enablnd to override all op-
position and to sell in direct competition
with the Northern houses. Their widely
established reputation as one of the most
reliable houses in Alabama gives them a
prestige which few others can boast.
Thffse gentlemen stand high in the com-
munity in everyway, and the reputation
which, individually and as a firm, they
hav^e built up, is •wing solely to their
own ettbrts. Offering, as they do, in-
ducements which few firms can du2:)li-
cate, dealers throughout tlie South can
find no more relible or trustworthy firm
with which to correspond.

Draper and Tailor.

E. M. COSTELLO, 107 Nineteenth
street.— The business of merchant tailor-
ing may be regarded as one of the great-
est importance to the community. As
one of the houses in this line of business
which is most popular, that of Mr. Fl M.

;82

North Alabama.

'Costello, at 107 Nineteenth street, has at-
tained an enviable reputation. He occu-
pies a liandsome two-story brick build-
ing, 30x35 feet. The store is elegantly
arranged for the di.splay of a very large
;stock of cloths, cassimeres, broadcloths,
suitings, etc. All the novelties of the
:season are displayed here, and the latest
.styles are also found in his establish-
'ment. Orders from a distance receive
proraj)t attention.

He employs a force of competent and
proficient tailors, and as he himself is a
practical and experienced cutter and
draper, all goods pass the most critical
examination before being allovi'ed to
leave the store.

His industry and energy have served
him well, for he has made his house
the largest and best of the kind in this
city.

Mr. Costello was born in Ireland, and
was engaged in this line of business for
many years in Cincinnati. He is widely
and popularly known in business circles,
and lias long been considered as a lead-
ing and deservedly successful merchant.

The Moore and Hundley Hardware Com-
pany.

It may not be generally known that
Birmingham has the largest ami most
complete hardware jobbing house in the
South — the establishment of the Moore
& Handley Hardware Company. This
fact goes without saying.

The firm was established in 1882, and
from a modest beginning has develoi)ed
into the present immense business. The
premises occupied are located on Powell
Avenue, between Twentieth and Twen-
ty-first streets. The building is a hand-
some three-story brick and stone struct-
ure, 100x125 feet in dimension. Its
interior arrangement is a model of sys-
tem, and a fine examjjle of the adapta-
tion of means to end. It was planned
and constructed by the jiroprietors with
an eye to best subserve the puri:ioses of
facilitating the handling of hardware, and
in accomplishing this they have spared
neither pains nor expense in supplying
the building with every adjunct and con-
venience known to similar establish-
ments East. The entire building is filled
to repletion with a stock embracing
everything in the line of light and heavy
hardware. Some idea of the magnitude
of the stock can be obtained when we
state that the floorage comprises 37,500
square feet, or, with shelving, 1} acres of
hardware. This mammoth establishment

is ecjual to twelve ordinary stores. A
consulerable expense is saved in the
receiving and shipment of goods, as the
store extends to the Louisville &. Nash-
ville and Alabama Great Southern Rail-
roads, thus avoiding the necessity of
rehandling, and the saving is given to
customers in the shape of reduced prices.
This convenience in handling goods also
enables them to fill all oi'dei's promptly
and with dispatch.

The Moore & Handley Company are
manufacturers' agents for Fairbanks
Scales, Atlas Dynamite, Diamond Coke
Forks, Page's Leather Belting, Revere
Rubber Belting, Black Diamond Steel,
Rockling's Wire Rope, Tanite Emery
Wheels, Rand Drills and Burden's Shoes
and Rivets. They are also agents for
Erie City Iron Works Engines and
Boilers, and deal in everv style and
variety of machinery, embracing gins,
presses, saw mills, grist mills, seed mills,
saws, pulleys, shaftings, etc., etc. In
shelf and heavy hardware may be found
nails, bolts, rivets, railroad spikes, nuts,
washers, horse shoes, anvils, bellows,
vises, forges, axes, hammers, hatchets,
saws, wheels, tools, ropes and handles of
all kinds, well buckets, barbed wire,
locks, hinges, butts, screws, hubs, rims,
spokes, shafts, axles, springs, table and
pocket cutlery, picks, shovels, wheelbar-
rows, dumpcarts, lace leather, valve and
harness leather, babbit metal, packing,
and numerous other articles usually
found in a hardw'are jobbing house. In
addition, a full stock of railway, mining
and furnace supplies is kept constantly
on hand.

In prices the INIoore & Handley Hard-
ware Co. sell as low as the lowest, and
no similar establishment in the United
States can undersell them. Customers
will find their price lists as low as those
of New York or Pittsburg. They buy
direct from manufacturers, and, being
possessed of ample capital, they save the
discount on all bills. The scope of their
trade is wide, extending through the
South and AVest, and rapidly increasing.

On the first floor of their spacious
building is the elegant office, constructed
of polished and beautifully carved cherry
wood, i)late glass and brass railings. It
is seventy-five feet in length, and most
tastefully fitted up, and is supplied with
every convenience for office work. Here
may be found a room specially set apart
for customers, and where all are wel-
comed and made comfortable.

A word or two regarding the indi-
vidual members of this immense enter-

Birmingham.

."^ ;:.., r, ,A SSi A\

't r-

North Alabama,

prise may not prove uninteresting to our
readers.

]\Iessrs. J. D. and B. F. Moore are
natives of Carroll Count}', Georgia, hav-
ing moved from their native State only a
few years ago. Tlu'V have grown u]) and
become business men since the war, and
hence belong to the younger and new
class of iSouthern merchants. They are
the best representatives of the better and
more thrifty class of Souther«ers, who,
eschewing politics, have assiduously set
about retrieving the lost fortunes of their
fathers. How well they have succeeded
has already been told in this article, a
success which has been the outcome of
energy and business ability.

]\Ir. W. A. Handley is also a native of
Georgia, Heard county, but has lived
many years in this State. He is also
identified with the firm of Handley. Sul-
livan ct Handley, and is a man known far
and near for his prudence and business
sagacitv.

. Real Estate.

JOHN T. DAVY, 2007 First avenue.—
This enterprising real estate business was
established by Mr. John T. Davy less
than two years ago. His othce is most
eligibly located, at 2007 First avenue, in
the heart of the business center. Mr.
Davy has for sale the finest classes of all
kinds of city property, large tracts of
coal, iron and timber lands, and farms
from five to 500 acres. He is also Secre-
tary and Business Manager of the Lin-
wood Improvement Company, and will
give free valuable sites for manufactur-
ing enterprises.

Parties desiring to locate in Alabama
should in advance corresi)ond with Mr.
Davy. This gentleman has extensive
dairy and truck farms near the city for
sale. He is from Yazoo County, Missis-
sippi, and is most highly respected and
esteemed in local trade circles. Those
desiring to effect the sale, purchase or
transfer of real estate, will find that by
consulting ^Ir. Davy, transactions can be
made promptly and profitably. Since
his establishment he has enabled those
seeking investment in this State readily
to find what they wanted, and those
who have had land to sell have always
easily obtained purchiisers through his
agency.

Mr. Davy is one of the best known and
most highlj' esteemed business men of
the ('ity, and has met with such success
as only upright dealings can attain.

Wholesale Hardware.

FRANCIS & CHENOWETH, Twen-
tieth street and Powell avenue. — In
every city there are certain firmly es-
tablished business houses, which, by
reason of their extended and growing
reputations, the superior quality of their
goods, and the high social and business
standing of their members, overshadow
all others. In Birmingham such a posi-
tion the house of Francis & Chenoweth
occupies. This house, established in 1886,
and succeeding that of Thompson,
Francis & Chenoweth, does an immense
wholesale hardware business.

The premises are most centrally and
conveniently located for the carrying on
of their business, being situated near the
Union Kail way Depot, on corner of"
Twentieth street and Powell avenue.
The dimensions of the building are oOx
150 feet. It is built of bvick, and has
four stories and a basement. Everj^ facil-
ity is provided to make the establish-
ment the best of its kind in every way..
The entire four floors are packed with
the best selected stock of American and
foreign hardware to be found in the
South. The house handles heavy hard-
ware, tools, iron, steel, builders', mechan-
ics' and manufacturers' supplies, farm
implements, handles of all kinds and
cutlery. A specialty is made of sash,
doors, blinds, plaster, cement and hair.
This house does a magnificent business-
throughout Alabama and the entire
South.

Mr. J. B. Francis, a native of Ken-
tucky, was formerly in the merchandise
business. Mr. W. A. Chenoweth, also a.
native of Kentucky, has always been
in the liardware trade. These gentle-
men are not only courteous and affable
to all, but are, as well, sound established
merchants. They are among the lead-
ing firms of the South, and one with
which corresi>ondence will most surely
result to the advantage of those who
wish the best and most reliable goods in
their line.

Contractor and Builder.

&. JOHNSON, Room No. 22, Office
Building. — One of the leading contractors
and builders lately established in the city
of Birmingham is j\Ir. C. Johnson, at
room No. 22, Office Building, on First
avenue. Mr. Johnson established him-
self in this city in 1887, and his busi-
ness in contracting luxd building has
been immense from the first day. He

Birmingham.

early learned his business, and soon be-
came an expert at his trade, having l)een
in the building busiiu'ss the greater por-
tion of his life. There is nothing in the
way of contraeting or building that Mr.
Johnson does not attend to with [)ronipt-
itude, his work always being done in the
best manner and at most reasonable
prices. By his superior work and popu-
lar methods he has reared an enteri)rise
whieh entitles him to the distinction of a
representative business man in his de-
partment of industry.

Fine Groceries.

TITCHE, Twenty-sec.jnd street, be-
tween Second and Third avenues. It is
seldom that a mercantile house, seem-
ingly yet in its infancy, may be truly
said' to stand yn-s< in the front rank and
file.

INIessrs. Titche Bros., however, are
justly entitled to this position, and we
cheerfully accord them first place in this
respect.

Devoted to the business of fine grocer-
ies, they are located in a handsome
three-story brick building oOxlOO feet, at
No. 213 Twenty-second street, between
Second and Third avenues.

At a glance the visitor is struck by the
attractive manner in which everything is
arranged, displaying at the same time
matchless taste and judgment in the
selection of their large stot'k.

No little credit is due these gentlemen
for the push and energy that have char-
acterized their successful efforts in the
conduct of their business. They suc-
ceeded Mr. N. F. Miles on INIarch 3, 1887,
and since have met with eminent success.
Catering to the wants of the first people
of the city, their trade is constiintly
increasing.

The firm is composed of Henry H. and
Edward Titche, both formerly of Lou-
isiana. They are gentlemen of the highest
character, while their practical knowl-
edge for properly conducting their busi-
ness is unsurpassed.

Their well-merited success and fame
as the leading /JHf gwcers of Birmingham
have been attained l»y close devotion to
business, and attending to the wants of
their patrons.

East Birmingham Land Co.

The very large enterprise represented
by the East Birmingham Land Company,
established December 2, 188G, ranks
among the leading land companies of Bir-

mingham. Tliis company owns 708 acres
of splendidly located land, which is but
an extension of Birnungham proper, as
all the avenues in the city extend in
straight lines through this property. It
cannot be called a suburban place for
this reason. No otlier lani company
here has property sinularly located. This
land is divided Uj) and sohl for building
purpos(\s, and wiiicli, day by day, under
the ])ressure of improvements and the
extraordinary growth of iiojiulation on
the East Birndngham side of the com-
munity, is rapidly increasing in value.
This company owns the Union Railway
Station and the East Birmingham Steam
Motor Line and the East Birmingham
L^nion Belt Line, and, therefore, having
every convenient-e in the way of rail-
roads to connect Kant Birmingham with
Birmingham 2)roper, ofi'ers to the jsublic
as convenient a tract of land in every
way for building purposes as any in the
market. On the t'ompany's property
plants of several large industries are in
opi'ration,viz: The Birmingham INIachine
and Foundrv Companv's Works, with a
ca[)ital of $100,000, which is the largest
plant of its kind in the South ; East Bir-
mingham Iron Roofing and Corrugating
Company, cash capital f 2-3,000 ; the East
Birnnngiiam Architectural Iron Works,
cash capital $100,000; the Ea.st Birming-
ham Sad Iron AVorks, cash capital $25,000,
and the Birmingham Mineral Paint Com-
pany.

The company is establishing a 100-ton
iron furnace, cash ca^iital $500,0(X) ; also
a large rolling mill, plate mill, chain
works and fire l)rick works.

The Anglo-Birnungham Pottery Com-
pany, capital $350,000, is to establish its
plant on the East Birmingham territory.

Mr. George C. Kelley, the president of
the company, is a native of Wilmington,
North Carolina. This gentleman is as
well known to the public as any man in
Birmingham, having been in the city
from its earliest days and for years in the
wholesale hardware business. He is
president of the celebrated Baxter Stove
Works, vice president of the American
National Bank, president of the P]ast Bir-
mingham Iron Roofing and Corrugating
Company, president of the Anglo-Bir-
mingham Pottery Company, and presi-
dent of the East Birmingham Sad Iron
Works.

Mr. W. J. Cameron, treasurer of the
company, is a native of Montgomery. He
is president of the First National Bank,
and is connected with many of the
finest industrial works in Birmingham.

NOKTII Al,\HAMA.

He is a man uuu'h resj>ected for the
excellent character he bears and for his
splendid business capacity and knowledge
of finance.

Mr. J. H. Heineke, a native of Han-
over, is the affable secretary of the com-
pany. He is a Free Mason, and for many
years has been District Deputy Grand
Chancellor for the Knights of Pythias.
He is, too, secretary and treasurer of the
endowment rank of the same order, and
withal an excellent gentleman.

Sash, Doors and Furniture.

W. P. BREWER, manufacturer of
and dealer in Sash, Di^ors, Blinds and
Furniture, corner First avenue and Six-
teenth street. This well-known house
supplies the wants of the builders and
<!ontractors of this city, liesidcs shipping
liberally to the trade throughout the
State.

Mr. W. P. Brewei' has long been be-
fore the public in tiiis line, having been
established in Birmingham since 1875.
Manufacturing all his own stock he is well
equipped to conduct the business suc-
cessfully. His premises are well arranged
for the economical and successful con-
duct of his business, on the corner of
First avenue and Sixteenth street. The
size of the main factorv is 50x140 feet,
while the plant is 200x140 feet. Sixty-
three hands are employed. In sash,
doors, blinds and sunplies generally he
offers unusual facilities to the trade".

Sawing all his own lumber, as he does,
and manufacturing everything from the

stump, and having a very large stock to
select from, he is enabled to deal gen-
erously with his patrons, who in return
are giving him an inert asing yearly
trade. There are sixty-three machines
used on the premises, all of Fay's,
Smith's and other most approved makes,
and the output per annum is not less
than $75,000.

All the goods manufactured here are
made under the })ersonal supervision of
Mr. Brewer, which enables him to guar-
antee (paality and durability. He is pre-
j)ared to execute on short notice work of
any size or style, made of white pine from
the forests of J^Iichigan and Wisconsin,
or from Alabama yellow pine, which,
I doubtless, for durability surpasses any
I other wood known to the trade. He
keeps a fine selected stock of best pat-
i terns of moldings on hand, and having
scroll and band saws he can cut from
the finest fret work uji to the largest and
heaviest timl)er used. He has 1,000 pat-
terns of scroll work to select from. Every
kind of turning I\Ir. Brewer does in
newel post, stair and veranda balusters.
For window and door frames Mr. Brewer
lias a special machine. This enterprising
gentleman does a large wholesale and
retail furniture business, having both
common and fine grades.

He has the largest and best factory in
the State, with machinery and ample
capital to do all of the above work.
Among other tlnngs Mr. Brewer supplies
or makes rough and dressed lumber,
laths, shingles, weatherboarding, mold-
ing, balusters, brackets, mantels, window

Birmingham.

and door frames, and all kinds of build-
ing material, parlor and bedroom isuits,
chairs, tables, l)ureaus, washstands, bed-
sj^rings, matting, wardrobes, safes, mat-
tresses, bookcases, Iiatraeks, office desks,
stools, divans, whatnots and sideboards,
Mr. Brewer is a native of South Caro-
lina. He has given twenty-five solid
years of his life to actual experience and
hard study of his present business. In
■conclusion, we can but recommend the
readers of the business history of Bir-
mingham to him when they want
pleasant business relations and goods at
manufacturers' prices that bear the
representation made. Mr. Brewer is an
old citizen, and enjoys the public con-
fidence, as is represented by the liberal
patronage which he receives.

East Birmingham Sad Iron and Manufac-
turing Co.

A most important industry and a po-
tent factor in the growth and prosperity
of this city is the Sad Iron and Manufac-
turing Company, located in East Bir-
mingham. This enterprise was inaugu-
rated in 1887, with capital stock paid up
of $25,000, but did not begin operations
until the present year.

The plant is an e.xl'usive one, and the
only one of the kind in the South.

Fiftv men are employeti, the majority
of whom are employed in this special line
of work. The Iniildiugs are supplied
with the best and latest improved patent
machiuery, and the product is equal to
the best establishments North. The
• company make a specialty of chilled sad
irons (flat or smoothing irons) and sash
•weights. They supply the trade through
the South and West, and are rapidly in-
troducing their goods into new territory,
the business growing from month to
month.

Mr. George C. Kelley is President and
'Treasurer. Mr. Kelley is a leading spirit
in Birmingham's growth and progress,
■and is among the most energetic and able
"business men in the State. He is Presi-
'dent of the East Birmingham Land Com-
pany, Vice President of the American
National Bank, and director of several
■other enterprises in and near this city.

The Vice President and General Man-
ager is Mr. George B. Bates.

Mr. Bates has had long experience as
•an iron manufacturer, and is a capable
;and conservative officer. Pie is a native
•of Alabama, and has resided in Rome,
<jreorgia, and has been a resident of this
eity about six months.

East Birmingham Iron Roofing and Cor-
rugating Co.

The suburbs around this city are
rapidly growing, and several of them are
destined to become the sites of many
manufacturing enterprises. The leading
place just now seems to be East Birming-
ham, for it is the home of a number of
new manufacturing establishments,
among them being the Iron Roofing and
Corrugating Comi)any. This company
was established in ] 887, with the follow-
ing officers : George C. Kelley, President;
C. W. Sisson, General Manager and
Treasurer ; W. 1). Hill, Secretary. It
has a i^aid-up capital of $25,000.

The officers are gentlemen of •well-
known and high standing in manufac-
turing circles, and their management is a
sufficient guarantee of an excellent pro-
duct.

The Company's premises consist of
buildings, which are supjdied with the
requisite facilities for manufacturing the
celebrated iron roofing and corrugated
material for covering buildings. The
cheapness and durability of this roofing
is unquestioned, and it has rapidly gro-wn
in popularity, the sales extending through
this and adjacent States. Many build-
ings in this city are protected with the
iron roofing manufactured by this Com-
pany, and in cases of the longest use it
has given satisfaction to property owners.

Tlie works are now running to their
utmost capacity, and will soon have to be
enlarged.

Dry Goods, Notions, Etc.

T. S. SMITH, Twentieth street, be-
tween First and Second avenues. — This
is one of the most popular and best
known retail and wholesale establish-
ments of the kind in Birmingham. The
general tasty arrangement of so many
classes and different grades of the same
kind of goods has given general satisfac-
tion to tlie buying public. Here you can
find dr}^ goods to suit the poor and rich,
goods of superior quality and cheap.
Finer grade and even the finest to suit
those whose fastidious taste demands the
best. Noticms of all kinds, furnishing
goods and fancy goods to suit the ladies,
including hosiery, corsets, buttons, fans,
umbrellas and parasols and all the re-
quirements of a first class dei^artment.
Clothing and hats have a special depart-
ment ; also caps, boots, shoes, hardware,
saddles, bridles, harness, groceries, flour
and feed, and everything one could wish,
for or desire.

North Alabama.

Grate and Steam Coal.

MOSS & MOIISON.— The proximity of
tluscity to coal tifl<ls,tofj;ether with its easy
accessibility by rail, have made Birming-
ham a general distributing trade center
in this line. Messrs. jMoss & Mor-
son, successors of Leith, Miller & Mann,
do an immense retail as well as wholesale
business in grate and steam coal. These
enterprising gentlemen were estal)lishecl
February 4, 1888, from that date having
had a very good business. Besides deal-
ing in grate and steam coal, they are ex-
clusive agents for the celebrated Walker
County Splint and Semi-Cannel Coal.
The office and yard of this firm are most
conventiently located on Twenty-fourth
street and the Georgia Pacific Railroad.
This firm also supplies wood to parties
wishing it. All orders received at' this
house are filled with promptitude, and
coal and M'ood in any quantity are
promptly delivered.

J. B. Morson was born in Richmond,
Virginia. This gentleman was engaged
for some years in sugar plantations in
Louisiana, whence he came to Birming-
ham.

Mr. A. T. Moss is a native of Louis-
ville, Kentucky.

These gentlemen have built up a re-
markably good trade since their brief
estabhshment here in the coal trade.
They are always careful and attentive to
the interests of their business, added to
which they possess the always succc-ssful
characteristics of energy and persever-
ance.

Lumber.

MOORE & AVEBB, Seventeenth street
and First avenue. — Among the leading
dealers in lumber in this city, there are

none who occupy a
more prominent
position than the
]\Iessrs. jNloore &
Webb, the succes-
sors to ^Mr.Dawson.
They opened their
Ijusiness on JNL'irch
2(i, 1888, and are
located at Seven-
teenth street and
First avenue.

They deal in lum-
ber, rough or dress-
ed, f(ji' shingles, or
laths, mouldings,
fiuoring and weath-
ei'boarding.

There is a planing mill on the prem-
ises, which has every convenience for-
the successful management of the im-
mense business, which extends through-
out and outside the city.

At the mill P. E. Staples makes a
specialty of scroll work, and J. A. Ru-
dolph of woodturning.

Mr. Moore was born in Alabama, and
I\Ir. Webb in North Carolina. They are
men of con,siderable business ability,,
their success being due to those old and
standard principles of business honor,
which are sure to be crowned with suc-
cess.

West End Land and Improvement Com-
pany.

The importance of Birmingham as the
metropolis of the rich l)elt of the South
has created an active demand for real
estate, advantageously located in the city
and suburbs. One of the leading and
best established corporations in this con-
nection here is the West End Land and
Improvement Company, established in
1886. This Company owns 750 acres of
the choicest land to he had in this neigh-
borhood for building purposes. This
property the Company cuts up and sells
for lots, and being but two and a half
miles from Birmingham proper, a more
admirable location it would be impossi-
ble to find, especially as the corporation
has a direct street car line of their own
connecting their property with Birming-
ham. This Company, since its founda-
tion, has done a ilourishing business,
the reverse being almost impossible with
its present able officers and directors
(seven) at the head of aflairs.

Mr. R. H. Pearson, the President, is a
native of Bullock County, Alabama^

Birmingham.

"He is well known in the city and State as
:a most eminent lawyer as well as being
-connected in a prominent way with
many of the most nseful and successful
industries of Birmingham.

Mr. T. B. Lyons, Secretary and Treas-
Tirer, was horn in Louisiana. This gen-
tleman, too, is well known in this section
as Vice President of the Alabama
National Bank, and President of the
Central Trust Company of Alabama.

Those who wish to buy property in one
■of the finest sul)url)s around Birming-
liam cannot do l>etter tlian seek the
sound judgment and judicious advice of
the above gentlemen, from whom they
-can rely vij^on securing property that
must inevitably rise in value and prove
xemunerative.

Groceries.

YOUNG & GAGE, Avenue D and
Twentieth street. — The increase of the
grocerj^ trade of Birmingham has been
commensurate with that of her other in-
dustries, and there are within the city
limits firms whose stanching is as well
assured, and whose reputation is as ex-
tended, as any in the South. Among
these the well-known house of Young &
Gage occupies a high rank.

Founded in March, 1887, this establish-
ment, succeeding that of Whilden &
Campbell, has displayed as much vigor
and enterprise as any of its competitors.
The building occupied is spacious, being
•50x100 feet in dimensions, built of brick,
and three stories high, is well lighted and
fitted with all modern conveniences and
.appliances. The annual sales of this
.house amount to $150,000.

The line of groceries is as choice and
"varied as can be found elsewhere, emljrac-
ing, as it does, staple and fancy grocer-
ies, fine hams, potted and tinned meats,
biscuits, Gordon &. Dilworth's preserves
.and jellies, as well as a full line of Crosse
■ & Blackwell's goods, and a full stock of
■California pears and peaches during the
^season ; Charles P. Mattox's Snowfiake
•Corn, besides others too numerous to
mention. The house makes a specialty
-of the finest teas and coffees. A Jap-
.anese manages the tea department, and
the house roasts its own coilee. Another
specialty of the house is the finest stock
of Havana cigars always on hand, which
they import direct. Tluir flour tliey get
:in wholesale quantities, by the carload.
Their scope of trade reaches through Ala-
bama and the surrounding States, and is
israpidly increasing. Mr. ¥. I). Young is

a native of Marion, S. C, and has long
been connected with the grocery busi-
ness.

I\Ir. y. S. Gage, his partner, is a native
of Union, S. C, and formerly was in the
large wholesale grocery house of Francis
H. Leggett c^ Co., New York.

These gentlemen are men of high
standing and business capacity, being
esteemed by all who know them. No
more reliable or staunch house exists in
Birmingham than this well-known and
respected firm, and their ample capital
enables them to buy and sell at prices
which few can duplicate.

^Ql^M'SSlON MERCHAMT3

2019 ft2D2I MORRISAVENUE:

Blrmin^liaiii^Ala*

Wholesale Fruits and Produce.

HIGDON & McCARY, 2019 and 2021
Morris avenue. — This is a very important
business in this city. The wholesale
fruit and proudce trade of Birmingham
has assumed lai'ge proportions — larger
than that of many more populous cities.
Among the first to engage in this line of
business and a house widely and favor-
ably known, is the one whose name
heads this article. In this line Messrs.
Higdon & IMcCary stand at the head,
having been here the longest, and paying
strict attention to their business have
worked up an enormous trade. The peo-
ple have confidence in these young men,
and know they will be treated right,
whether buyers from them or shippers.
Their business has increased to such an
extent they had built, about a year ago,

NoKTH Alabama.

a substantial three-story brick l:)uilding,
only half block from niiiin depot, front-
ing 50 feet on IMorris avenue, and run-
ning l)ack to Louisville & Nashville Kail-
road track, where they unload their cars
right into their store. The building is
fitted up expressly for their business,
with the best banana rooms, air tight
rooms, refrigerators, cocoanut l)ins, tine
elevators, and in fact everything neces-
sary for their business. They are sup-
plying the jobl>ing trade all through this
country, as they get their produce in such
large quantities tliat they can at all times
supply the demand for anything in car
lots. They make a specialty of water-
melons, apples, bananas, oranges, cocoa-
nuts, lemons, potatoes, onions and cab-
bage, and in their season vegetables of
all kinds. Any one who wishes to ship
or buy anything in their line will do
well to correspond with them. They are
the largest produce merchants in this
section, and refer to the banks and lead-
ing business houses of Birniinghanj.

Jewelry.

THE OBEAR JEWEl.RY CO., 20U
2d ave. — This store, which is a spacious
and attractively fitted up apartment,
25x120 feet in dimensions, contains, in
the line of stock carried, a full and com-
plete assortment of l)eautiful and artis-
tically d(,\signed wares, including fine
gold and silver goods of all descriptions,
diamonds, watches, clocks and jewelry
of all varieties ; also a complete line of
gents' solid gold chains, ladies' vest and
children's cliains, ladies' grand and opera
chains, and solid silver and white metal
and j-oll-plate vest chains at rates to ac-
commodate every one ; novelties in solid
gold and plated" bracelets, rings, pins,
charms, etc., are supplied at most reason-
able rates. Mr. Obear has shown skill
and taste in the selection of his stock,
but especially can his ju<lgment and skill
be relied on in the selection of diamonds
and watches, as lie makes a specialty of
these articles, and since he established
this house, in 1887, he has won the
deserved reputation in Birmingham of
being a connoisseur in the selection of
diamonds and other precious stones.

Mr. Obear, a native of Macon, Ga.,
is a courteous, cultivated gentleman,
a responsible representative meri'hant
an<l a valued citizen He is an ex-
captain of the Birmingham Guards, a
Knight Templar and iNlason, and holds
the position of honor and tru.st as the
treasurer of the Mutual Loan anil Trust

Company, and enjoys the respect and es-
teem of ail with whom he is brought inr
contact.

E/yton Land Company's Car Works.

As a great manufacturing center Bir-
mingham has achieved j)rominence and
an enormous trade that extends through-
out the United .Stutes. Not alone is en-
terprise confined to the production of
iron and steel, but it is manifest
in the manufacture of a thous-
and and one articles of necessity that
form trade staples all over the land.
Prominent among ' the number, and
representative in its important line»
are the Elyton Land Company's
Car Works, established on the 1st
of November, 1887. Ten cars a day
are made at these extensive works,
freight cars and dummy line cars being
made at the present time. The plant is
twenty acres in extent, the entire cost of
it being $200,000. Five hundred ex-
perienced operatives are daily given em-
ployment, while expenses daily reach
If 1,000. Tliere ye several large buildings,
and a dryinghouse built at a cost of
$3,000. All tlie machinery used is of the-
best and mo.st approved make. A
thorough system of organization per-
vades every department of the firm's-
works, the proprietors giving their per-
•sonal attention to tlie va.st operations of
the concern and bringing to bear the
widest possible range of practical ex-
perience. The erection of the Elytor^
J^and Company's Car Works is only one
of the many instances of the splendid
and well-tlirected enterprise so often
shown by that corporation, and the
works cannot but be a lasting source of
credit to the city and a monument to the-
industry and honorable spirit of enter-
jjrise of the Elyton Land Company.

Brokers in Stoclis and Bondt and Dealers
in Coal and Wood.

HARDY & CO., 2005 First avenue.—
Among those who represent in Birming-
ham some of the strongest firms in the
brokerage business of stocks and bonds,
we must mention that of Hardy t<: Co.,
esta1)lished on the 1st of December, 1887,
and successors to Frederick Hardy.

The office rooms are located at No. 2005
1st avenue. This firm is well ac(]uainted
with local .stock and bond markets, and
they buy and sell all kinds of securities •
and commercial paper on commission.

llar<ly & Co., ])esides doing a large-

BlEMlNdllAM.

business in stocks and bonds, carry on
an extensive business in coal and wood,
which, though only lately started, is in
creasing rapidly day by day.

These gentlemen are connected with
the well-known Birmingham and other
banks, which profess their confidence for
their ability and honesty, the following
banks being among their splendid refer-
ences:

The First National Bank of Charles-
ton, S. C. ; National City Bank, 52 Wall
street. New York; the First National
Bank and Alabama National Bank_ of
Birmingham. Tlie members of the firm
are Messrs. Frederick and Gaston Hardy.

Mr. Frederick Hardy, a native of Nor-
folk, Virginia, was formerly for some
years engaged inthebanker'sand broker's
business, with his father, at 10 Wall
street. New York. This gentleman, for
upward of sixteen years, was a member
of the New Y^ork Stock Exchange, and
now is President of the Birmingham
Stock Exchange, of which institution, it
must be said to his credit, he was one
of the organizers. He was formerly
Secretary of the Chamber of Coumierce.
He has, it will thus be seen, held, and
still holds, positions of responsibility.

Mr. Gaston Hardy, a most enterprising
and rising young man, is a cousin of Mr.
Frederick Hardy, and was born in Nor-
folk, Virginia. For nearly six years he
gave the greatest satisfaction as Treasurer
of the South Carolina Railway Company.

AVith the resources at its command,
and also the energy and l>usiness capacity
of its heads, there is practically 'no limit
to the business of the firm.

Real Estate, Stock and Money Brokers.

M. G. HUDSON & CO. (firm com-
posed of M. G. Hudson, J. W. Hudson
and J. M. Hudson), 2017 First avenue.
— Among the great number of commer-
cial houses forming the channel through
which the mighty streaujs of trade fiow
in this city, there are many deserving of
extended notice and favorable mention
in these pages, and are wortliy, no doubt,
of better notice than the scope and design
of this work will admit. The well directed
energies of Messrs. M. G. Hudson & Co.,
successors to Hudson & Ferryman, and
their extensive experience in banking
and financial matters, make them fitted
to conduct such a business as the heading
of this article indicates.

The firm of M. G. Hudson & Co. suc-
ceeded Hudson & Ferryman, which latter
firm was established on the 10th of No-

vember, 1886. Their office is situated as
conv niently as possible, in the Caldwell-
Mitner Office Building.

These gentlemen pay special attention
to real estate, are members of the Stock
Exchange, and are well acquainted with
the local stock, bond and money markets,
and their large correspondence and inti-
mate acquaintances make their judgment
on the values and standing of the stock
and bond market of great worth.

Mr. M. (t. Hudson is a native of Vir-
ginia, and belongs to the Masonic order.
He was through the war, distinguishing
himself on several occasions. He first
served as a private in the Twenty-fourth
Alabama Infantry, on Maj. Jones M.
Withers' staff', subsequently on the
stati' of Gen. Wheeler. In his first en-
gagement, the battle of Shiloh, he gained
his promotion, Ijeing made a lieutenant
for gallantry on the field. It Was after
the retiring of the army from Chatta-
nooga to Murfreesboro that he was trans-
ferred to Gen Wheeler's stafl", after-
ward being captured in North Carolina
and put in solitary confinement in Fort
Delaware, being released in July, 1805,
by the order of Sherman. After this he
went into the cotton business till 187-1,
then was Cashier of the South Bank of
Alabama, finally going into the broker-
age business. He is also Secretary and
Treasui'er of the Birmingham Trust and
Loan Company.

Mr. J. \V. Hudson is brother of M. G.,
and isanative of Virginia. Atthefirstout-
break of the war he enlisted with the
Fourth Alabama Regiment, the regiment
which so distinguished itself at the first
battle of Manassas, where he assisted in
bearing Gen. Bee from the field. Mr.
Huds(jn served through the war with
credit to himself and honor to his
country.

Mr. J. M. Hudson, the junior member
of the firm, is son of the senior. He was
reared and educated in this State, and
has lived a number of years in Mobile,
where he has been thoroughly skilled in
the brokerage business.

These gentlemen buy and sell all kinds
of securities and commercial paper on
commission accoriling to specification
given them by their patrons, and when
capital is left with them to invest on their
own judgment, they seldom fail to place
it where it will surely acci'ue to the ben-
efit of their patrons. With the standing
they have in Birmingham, they are, per-
haps, the best adapted to carry on this
business of any firm in the city. They
are men of energy, industry and splendid

North Alabama.

tact, and correspondence with them, no
doubt, will open up protitable business
icJations to those desiring to invest, as
they usually have a large stock of paper
from which favorable selections can be
made.

Groceries^

"W. K. T. B. (R. Rochester, proprietors
Thirvl avenue and Twentieth street,
^orth. — " The foo<.i we eat "' is a vitally
important question, and one which con-
cerns the health and happiness of every
man. woman and child. It is of prime
importance that our fooil products be
fresh, or, at least, free from impurity and
the taint of age.

It is but natural to suppose that the
best and purt^st groceries are to be found
in those establishments which transact
the largest business, for then the stock,
being quickly sold, is many times during
a season replenisheii, a fact greatly to the
advivntage of purchasers.

One of the largest, linest and best ap-
pointeii gn^^ery stores in this city or Stale
IS the '" W. K. T. B ." owned and man-
ageii by Mr. R. Roi.'hester. The site is
the new Hoovi Building. ix>rner Thirvi
avenue and Twentieth street. North. ^

The building is one among the loftiest '

and finest in this city, and was completed
only this year (1S88). Mr. Rochester
oci'upies a double store on the first floor,
which is 50x100 feet.

This area m;vkes the W. K. T. B. one
of the largest retail grocery stores in the
South, and one which is seldom sur-
passed in metropolitan cities^.

The interior is a model of system,
beautiful arrangement and convenience.
The shelving and counters are arranged
to the best advantage, showing off the
large quantities of goods in the most at-
tractive manner. The stock is a large
and complete one. and embraces every-
thing in the line of fine and fancy gro-
ceries, provisions, teas, coffees — in short,
all articles usually found in a first -class
house. Here the housekeeper may find
the best brands of canneii gooils. the
purest of sugars, the freshest of creamery
butter, the best grades of flour, hams,
dried and smoked meats, together with
a full line of miscellaneous table delica-
cies, of both domestic and foreign manu-
facture. Among the large and varieil as-
sortment of good things, no cheap, adul-
terated, or common gvxxls can W found,
for the motto is, " ]IVAV<p The jBt^,"' a
fact which a thousand customers can
testify.

The sp»acious storeroom is well lighted

Birmingham.

l)y day. and lighted by electric lights
-at night, presenting then a scene of busy
attractiveness.

A large force of polite and attentive
Jissistants are employed, and several de-
livery wagons are kept busy every hour
in the day delivering goods to the
numerous customers of this popular es-
tablishment. While here can always be
found the be.st, it may also be stated with
-equal truth that here may be found the
■cheapest, an additional fact which has
-contributed to the store's success.

Mr. Rochester is a Kentuckian, and
came to this city seven years ago (1S81).
Immediately upon arriving here he en-
gaged with the Birmingham Rolling Mill,
and was with the company nearly two
years. Leaving this he engaged in the
merchandise brokerage business for three
and a half years, and then, in 1886,
entered up<in his present business, which
he has made, by his indomitable energy
and sagacity, the signal and greatest
success of his life, a triumph of which
he may well feel justly proud, for
the successful upbuilding and manage-
ment of such houses is not alone to the
proprietor, but to the credit of the com-
munity.

Attorney at Law and Real Estate.

PEYTON G. KING. Office on Second
Avenue, between Nineteenth and Twen-
tieth streets. — Prominent among the rep-
resentatives of the law in this city stands
the name of Peyton G. King, whose
office may be found centrally located on
^Second avenue, between Nineteenth and
Twentieth streets. Mr. King established
himself as an attorney in Birmingham in
1888. Mr. King has studied law from his
early days, and is thorougly conversant '
with all details thereof. He has, on
account of his long experience and great
skill in all matters pertaining to law, I
gained a name of eminence in this sec- ,
tion of the country. Mr. King is well
known as manager of one of the most {
enterprising industries known to the:
*' Magic City." namely, the Avondale
Lumber and Milling Company. His ^
nephew, Mr. Sibley P. King, one of the
rising young men in the commu- \
nity, resides at Avondale and attends to
the business there at the Milling Com- ;
pany's tirm. The Messrs. Peyton and
JSibley King have, it should be men-
tioned, for sale some of the linest lots,
city, central and suburban. Forty lots in
East Brooklyn, on the East Lake Dummy
Line; fifty lots in South Avondale and

some in Elyton ; in Birmingham, several
lots on corner First avenue and Twenty-
sixth street ; on First avenue between
Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets,
and corner Morris avenue and Twenty-
first street. These last lots are uuequaled
for wholesale business.

Mr. King has suburban lots to sell
below corporation prices, and ou the best
terms eier offered in this market, to such
as can pay I'O per cent, in cash and build
a residence ; thus he ofters homes for all.
He also ofters $400,000 in the best'of Bir-
mingham stocks. AVe recommend all de-
siring lots or stocks to take a louk at
Mr. Peyton King's before going else-
where, and to save commissions by buy-
ing from owner, as they will find them-
selves transacting business with one of
finest and most favorably known men in
the city.

Contractors and Builders.

J. B. MARSHALL & CO., Morris
avenue and Twenty-second street. — An
important branch of skilled industry is
ably represented in this city by Messrs.
J. "B. Marshall A Co., contractors and
builders, also extensive lumber dealers.
They occupy an eligible site on Powell
avenue, between Eighteenth and Nine-
teenth streets, the spacious premises be-
ing supplied with all requisite facilities
for the advantageous' prosecution of the
enterprise.

Mr. J. B. Marshall established this
business in 1S81, and in 1SS7 took into
partnership Mr. G. W. Powe, who is a
gentleman of sterling business integrity.
The extensive business consists of tlie
erection of all kinds of public buildings
and private dwellings.

The firm are exjaerienced in the details
of the trade, and have unusual fa-
cilities for obtaining the choicest growths
of yellow pine, ash and walnut lumber.
They are heavy receivers, and have ex-
tensive and centrally located yards, an
immense supply of lumber being kept in
readiness for the filling of all orders.

Mr. Marshall was born in Sumter
county, Alabama, and is a member of
the Order of the Knights of Pythias.

Mr, Powe is also an Alabamian by
birth, and is a member of the Masonic
order. The business of this firm has al-
ways been conducted upon a basis of the
highest commercial integrity.

The members possessing, as they do,
ample capital and a thorough knowledge
of the wants of the trade, are enabled to
successfully encounter all competition,

North Alabama.

from whatever source it may come. As
citizens, no pjentlemen occupy a more
prominent position, or are doing more to
aid and extend the trade and reputation
of the city of Birmingham.

Real Estate and Insurance Agents.

EOWLETT & ANGLIN.— The import-
ance of Birmingham as a great financial
and commercial center cannot be more
forcibly demonstrated than by reference
to her flourishing real estate and in-
surance interests. The city affords favor-
able openings for the use of large capital
in this line, and boasts of some of the
largest agencies in the South, conspicuous
among whom we notice the firm of Row-
lett & Anglin, successors to Rowlett &
Co. They established business in 1887,
and have developed a widely extended
trade throughout the .Southern States.
They deal in the richest timber, mineral
and agricultural lands, desirably situated
city, business and residential "property,
vacant lots and suburban lands by the
acre. As insurance agents they repre-
sent some of the most prominent, wealthy
and reputable companies in the United
States, being agents for the Home Insur-
ance Company, of New York; the Sun
Fire Office, of London; the Mechanics'
and Traders', Washington Fire and
Marine Company, the Mobile.

They control the insuring of large lines
of city property, and are able, expe-
rienced underwriters. Isuing a clearly
worded policy, free of all technicalities,
all losses are promptly adjusted and paid.

Messrs. Rowlett «fc" Anglin are natives
respectively of Florida and Alabama, and
are weir known and popular citizens of
Birmingham, having the confidence of
the community as reliable, honorable
gentlemen.

Birmingham Marble Works.

THOMAS H. HOLT, Proprietor, cor-
ner Second avenue and Twenty-fourth
street. — The Birmingham Marble Works
is one of the most important l)usiness es-
tablishments in the Magic City. Its
present proprietor, Thomas H. Holt, is a
gentleman of superior business tact and
energy. He handles nothing l)ut the
finest quality of marble, and guarantees
to furnish it at less cost than any other
estabUshment in the State. The Birming-
ham Marble Works is the only enter-
prise of tliis character in Alabama, at

which can l)e gotten the most elegant
quality' of Scotcli and native granites at
the prices offered.

Under the personal supervision of Mr.
Holt there is manufactured all descrip-
tion of marble and stone monuments.
His place of business is located at the
corner of Second avenue and Twenty-
fourth street, and is well adapted for
conducting the business, being centrally
located. This gentleman does an exten-
sive business, not only in Birmingham,
but throughout the State and several of
the adjacent States, and in all cases has ■
given perfect satisfaction.

Mr. Holt is a native of Pennsylvania,
and was born in Armstrong County. He
is a prominent member of the Masons,
Odd Fellows and Knights of Honor. He
was in the marble work in Kentucky
previous to coming to Birmingtiam. By
close attention to businessand hard work
lie has gained for himself a name and
prominence of which he is justly proud
and well worthy. Parties at a distance
would do well to correspond with him.

Boots and Shoes.

THE SMITH BOOT AND SHOE
COMPANY, 2021 Second avenue. — A
leading firm of the kind in Birming-
ham is that of the Smith Boot and Shoe
Company, located at 2021 Second avenue.
This fiourishing house was established on
February 20, 1888, and does an immense
business, wholesale and retail, in boots
and shoes. The premises occupied are
spacious, being 30x100 feet in dimen-
sions, built of brick and two stories high.
They are handsomely fitted up through-
out, and systematically arranged for a tine
display of the goods liandled, while the
department for street and house shoes, .
boots, slippers and rubber goods is unri-
valed, and cannot fail to give satisfac-
tion to the most critical taste. The finest
ladies', children's and misses' shoes are
sold, which are noteworthy for style,
durability and excellent workmanship,
and are purchasable at very reasonable
prices. •

Mr. M. L. Smith, the proprietor of this
firm, was born in ^lacon, Georgia. This
gentleman was formerly clerk in a dry
goods, boots and shoe house in Macon,
Savannah and Birmingham. Mr. Smith
is a practically experienced business •
man, being indefatigable in his efforts to
gratify the tastes and desires of his many
patrons in the choice quality and price
of the merchandise handled.

Bir.MINGnAM.

Brokers.

The firm of LIGHTFOOT <fc CO. have
the claim of being tlie only firm in the
cit}' doing an excUisively brokerage busi-
ness. They estabhshed themselves in
this enterprising and successful business
in December, 1886. Since that time they
have gained for their well-established
firm an enviable reputation second to
none in the State. All financial opera-
tions are conducted in a prudent, con-
servative manner, consistent with inter-
ests and responsibilities involved. Al-
ready this young and thriving firm enjoys
a prestige which gives it a prominent
place in the broker's line of business.
No commission business in the South is
conducted more systematically, or with
more careful and scrupulous exactness
than that of the business of Lightfoot &
Co. The gentlemen in charge of this
company are extensive property owners
in the city, and enjoy the esteem and re-
spect of the business community, as w^ell
as occupying a high social position.

Mr. W. B. Lightfoot and brother are
Mississippians. and are high-toned,
cultured and refined gentlemen. Any
business entrusted to them will Vjein safe
hands and receive careful and prompt at-
tention.

Lumber and Shingles.

SALVADOR SUTTON, 1064 Twenty-
first street, near First avenue. — Among
the many different kinds of business and
avocations of the city there are none of
niore importance than the shingle and
lumber trade. Prominent in this branch
of commercial enterprise we have to
mention Mr. Salvador Sutton, who does
a most extensive business in lawn cypress
shingles and Southern pine lumber. His
office (city) is at 106^ Twenty-first street,
near First avenue. Tlie cypre.«s shingles
and pine lumber offered for sale by Mr.
Sutton are only of the very bt'St quality,
all of them liaving been most carefully
selected. Mr. Sutton is a fine, practical
business man, being widely known as a
reliable man, and whose success in trade
has been well and fairly earned. He
bears a very high character, and stands
well in the community, and since enter-
ing into business here has enjoyed a
large share of public patronage. He sold
800,000 laths to be used in the new Cald-
well Hotel Building, lath recommended
by Sidell, architect. His sales have been
and still are verv large.

Real Estate and Insurance Agent.

ED. WARREN, on Twentieth btreet,.
between First and Second avenues, is a
representative of the active and atten-
tive business men, which the flourishing
State of Alabama has constantly contrib-
uted to this prosperous and growing city.
This gentleman does a large business in
real estate and insurance. He has made
a specialty of the study of landlord and
tenant laws, and his experience in the
execution of the same has made him an
authority on that chapter, his advice and
judgment in such matters being daily
asked. His office on Twentieth street,
between First and Second avenues,
affords every facility for the prompt
transaction of all business relating to
real estate matters, and the negotiation
of loans and mortgages and insurance.
Mr. Warren was estabilished in 188L He
belongs to the Knights of Honor. He
has lived mostly in Tuscaloosa as a mer-
chant and manufacturer. Minutely
acquainted with the law and absolutely
straightforward in all his dealings, jNIr.
Warren has reached a position of prom-
inence in his profession.

Druggists.

NABERS & IMORROW, Wholesale
Druggists, 2012 First avenue.— One of the
prominent and representative mercantile
houses of this city is the wholesale and
retail drug house of Nabers & Morrow.
This house was founded as far back as
1879 by the present firm, who, with
energy 'and close business methods, have
gained the most wonderful reputation as
the " Leading Drug House" of Birming-
ham. They i-arry the largest and most
complete stock of" drugs in Birmingham,
and have the commodious storeroom of
2012 First avenue, 25x140, a brick build-
ing of three stories, occupied by the
wholesale and retail departments of the
firm.

Messrs. Nabers and Morrow are both
natives of Jefi'erson County, Alabama,
and being kind, genial and pleasant men,
they have gained a large and influential
patronage, and more and greater suc-
cesses in the future await them.

Mill, Mining and Furnace Supplies.

R. KNAUFF & Co, 1810 Second av-
enue. — One of the best and most com-
plete establishments in the city, as well
as one where the most thorough work
is performed is that of R. Knauff"& Co.,

North Alabama.

wholesale and retail dealers in mill, min-
ing and furnace supplies, in plumbing,
steam and gas fitters' supplies. It was
established in the year 1872. This house
has taken a front rank in the trade,
its business from time to time having
increased from large to larger propor-
tions. The premises are large and com-
modious, the wholesale department being
at No. 1820 Second avenue and the retail
at the corner of First avenue and Nine-
teenth street, under the Opera House. In
the former will always be found a full
sui^ply of rubl)er belting, hose, packing,
plumbers' sanitary goods, steam and gas
fitters' supplies, machinery supplies,
pump and liydraulic rams, etc. This
house has the only steam power machin-
ery to cut and thread pipe from one-
eighth to eight inches. The dimensions
of their wholesale department are 25 by
120 feet, it being a brick building and
three-stories high. In the retaif house,
known as the Magic City Plumbing,
Steam and Gas Fitting Works, is a large
stock always on hand of plumbing,
steam and gas fitters' supplies.

Mr. R. Knauft" was born in New York.
This gentleman is a Knight Templar and
a Free Mason.

Mr. J. G. Neal and Mr. W. H. Frank-
lin, his partners, are natives of Alabama
and Burlington, New York, respectively.
All of these gentlemen are practical
plumbers, steam and gas fitters. This
house gives special attention to all work,
sanitary plumbing, house and factory
steam heating and gas fitting being spec-
ialties.

Their work being of the best, they in-
variably give satisfaction. They are men
-of excellent character and are generally
popular. Their work compares with any
in the country and they are well worthy
the generous patronage they command.

Lumber Merchants.

C. T. HUGHES A CO., Twenty-fourth
street and Georgia Pacific Railroad. — The
importance of Birmingham as a great
■commercial center is forcibly illustrated
"by the varied interests and the active,
■enterprising houses, which so ably sup-
port them. In the lumber trade, such a
firm is that of Messrs. C. T. Hughes &
Co., whose specialty of yellow pine is in
such ready demand. The business was
es ablished in Deceml)er, 1887, by the
present firm and is being energetically
carried on The firm are experienced in
the details of the trade and carry a stock
embracing lath, shingles, the latest styles

of balusters, the choicest yellow pine
lumber, etc. They are heavy receivers
and enjo)' direct transportation facilities.
They quote prices on all kinds of hard
and soft wood lumber that cannot be
duplicated elsewhere. The extensive
and centrally located yards are well
stocked with lumber ready for the filling
of orders. The firm have developed an
extensive trade and an influential con-
nection, while their reputation is of the
most enviable character, filling all orders
up to grade specified and giving their
Ijersonal attention to the meeting of the
wants of customers.

Messrs. C. T. Hughes and F. K. Sim-
mons, the individual members of the
firm, are natives respectively of Alabama
and Florida.

With practical experience, ample capi-
tal and every facility for business, this
firm will long retain the commercial
standing and business prosperity, which,
by probity in their dealings, is their due.
Their prospects are of the most favorable
character, now that such an active market
exists for all kinds of lumber.

Grocers.

W. E. YANCEY & CO.— The business
conducted by W. E. Yancey & Co. was
established in August, 1887, this firm
having succeeded Major Wheeless, since
which time the trade has steadily in-
creased, until it has become one of the
leading establishments of its kind in this
city, and destined under its present man-
agement to take the lead in this special
line of merchandise. Messrs. Yancey &
Co. have ever recognized the impoi't-
ance of keeping only first class goods, and
to their uniform courtesy and fair deal-
ing is due the rapid increase in their
trade. They keep a full, fresh stock of
first class goods.

Mr. Yancey inherits many of the best
qualities of his celebrated father, the
Honorable William L. Yancey, who was
a Confederate States Senator, Commis-
sioner to England and France during the
late war. He was born in Montgomery,
is well known throughout the State, be-
ing the owner of the Talladega Sulphur
and Chalybeate Springs and 500 acres of
fine farming lands, all highly improved.

Mr. E. B. Williams, the other member
of this establishment, is a native of Ten-
nessee. He has heretofore been con-
nected with Messrs. Austin, Nichols &
Co., of New York, as their resident agent
at New Orleans. He is a thorough
grocer and a most courteous gentle-

BlEMINGnAM.

man, and is well known throughout the
entire South. Mr. Williams is owner of
valuable real estate in Dallas, Texas, and
has some stock in the Modoc Land and
Cattle Company of that State. He is a
valuable acquisition to the city.

This firm occupies the large two-story
brick, No. 2010 Second avenue, 25 feet
wide and 100 feet. Telephone 280. The
firm is a credit to tlie city. They" have a
firm basis of popular esteem and enjoy
the confidence and good will of the en-
tire community, and are consequently
the recipients of a large and steadily in-
creasing patronage. •

Fancy Steam Dyeing and Dry Cleaning.

BIRMINGHAM STEAM DYE
WORKS COMPANY, 2215 Second av-
enue. — The largest and most extensive
steam dyeing and French dry cleaning
works in this State are those of the above
company. Tlie office is to be found at
No. 2010 Second avenue. This enterpris-
ing establishment was founded on Janii-
ary 1, 18S8, and since the inception
of the business has encountered the
most flourishing trade.

Ladies' and gents' clothing is cleaned,
dj'ed and repaired, and all kinds of fancy
dyeing and cleaning are done, all the
work at this house being guaranteed to
be finished in a first-class manner.

These works are supplied with all the
latest improved machinery, including a
silk and lace curtain finishing machine,
and also a latest improved carpet beater,
the only machines of the kind in the
State. With these extra facilities, silk,
lace curtains and carpets can be made to
look as good as new.

In the treatment of gentlemen's cloth-
ing and other articles needing scouring, a
process is applied guaranteed to prevent
any change of color or shape, and to re-
turn the articles in the same condition
as when they left their original manu-
facturer.

Mr. W. T. Morris, a native of Bourbon
County, Kentucky, is the enterprising
proprietor. This gentleman formerly
farmed in Kentucky. He is a man of
excellent character ai>d business abilities,
and the persistent attention to the calls
of his trade he has already shown can
not fail to secure for him a large success.
INIr. F. R. Hulbert, the General Man-
ager, is a native of Bridgeport, Conn., and
has had twenty years experience in East-
ern dye houses, having been engaged
nine years at the celebrated Old Staten
Island Dyeing Establishment, New York.

He is a thorouglily skilled workman, and
understands every detail of the business,
and gives all work his personal attention.
Thus equipped, the Birmingham Steam
Dye Works are prepared to turn out
work second to none, and give satisfac-
tion in all instances.

Fruits and Produce Commission iVIerciiants.
HUDSON & SHAVER.— Among the
representative wholesale fruit and pro-
duce commission merchants of the city
none stand higlier than Hudson &
Shaver. Tiiey deal exclusively in the
various vegetable ijroductions of this.
State used in every day consumption ;
also those from North and South, and
tropical fruits, such as bananas, oranges,
lemons, dates, figs, pineapples, and a
general line of all fine fruits, making a
specialty of a])ples of every known
variety. They deal extensively in pea-
nuts. They are thus able to supply the
retail dealers, hucksters and wagon ped-
dlers at all times at the lowest market
rates. They receive daily fresh supplies,
and have every facility for shipping and
delivering goods. Several large delivery
wagons are in constant use, and any
quantity of goods delivered free of
charge. They probably handle as much
foreign or outside consignments, such
as fruits, vegetables, melons, etc., in
season, as any other firm in compe-

NoKTH Alabama.

titioTi in the city. Careful attention,
quicix sales atid prompt returns is the
motto of tit is live tirni, which is fast es-
tablishing a most enviable reputation.
They solicit consignments from all parts
of tiie country, and parties having any-
thing in their "line to sell would do well
to open correspondence with them. P.
O. Box No. 548.

Mr. Hudson is from Atlanta, Georgia,
and has been in the commission business
for a number of years. ■

Mr. Shaver is of Birmingham, and a
fine talented business man.

Both gentlemen are well and favorably
known, and enjoy the confidence and
esteem of the public.

Florence House,

O. F. HICKLT:, Manager.— -There is
nothing which a Ids .so much to tiie ])re.i-
tige of a city, in the estimation of a
stranger, as first-class hotel accommoda-
tions. The city of Birmingham is espe-
cially to be conf;Tatulated upon ll\e exist-
ence in its midst of a number of magnif-
icent hotels, foremost among which ranks
the " Florence," established in 1883. The
location is one of the most eligible in the
city, being at the corner of Nineteenth
street and Second avenue, and in close
proximity to the retail and wholesale
trade centers, and accessible by street
railroads and horse cars from all places
of interest in the city. The Hotel is a
fine, conspicuous building, built of brick,
four stories in height. The sanitary
arrangements are as perfect as men can
make them. A large outlay in its erec-
tion in adapting the heating, ventilating
and plumbing system to the require-
ments of the most recent dicta of science,
has warranted its guests that nothing is
to fear from sewergas and foul air. The
office is a delightful room, with fine,
lofty ceilings. Besides this, the elegant
lobby and waiting rooms, the fine din-
ing hall, capable of seating nijiety-six
people, and other necessary apartments
are on the first floor. The whole house
is beautifully lighted with electric
lights. The sleeping apartments are
well ventilated, lighted and heated for
the easy accommodation of 170 guests.
The cuisine is not surpassed in the city.
The proprietors. Colonels Jackson and
McCurdy, of Alabama, are well-known
men throughout the State. The former
gentleman is president of the City Gas
Company, the Enterprise Manufactur-
ing Company, and several other of ,the
most flourishing enterprises. Col. Mc-

Curdy has an immense cotton planta-
tion in I.owndes County, Alabama. They
both are well known for the public spirit
they possess as well as many other fine
qualities, which easily account for the
confidence and popularity they have won
with all,

Mr. O. F. Hickle, a native of Ken-
tucky, who has been in the hotel busi-
ness since 1805, is the able Manager of
the House. Mr. W. H. Millspaugh, a
native of Detroit, Michigan, has clerked
for three years and a half at this House
and is well kno.vn by the many visitor
as a mosi prompt and energetic young
man.

Ice,

BIRMINGHAM ICE COMPANY.—

Prominent among the representative
corporate enterprises of this wonderful
city will be found the Birmingham Ice
Factory Company, which was established
in 1882. The premises occupied by this
Company consist of a series of large,
well arranged and equipped structures,
covering a large area. All the' modern
facilities are supplied, steam power is
used, and their factories in operation,
with a productive capacity of forty-five
tons of pure ice per diem. They employ
from forty to fifty hands, and a large
force of trains is required to supply the
wants of their numerous patrons, and
the annual business is of prosperous ag-
gregate. The C'ompany has a paid-up
capital stock of $85,000, and is oflicered
as follows: President, R. H. Pearson;
Treasurer; W. J. Cameron; Secretary,
W. B. Sommerville ; General Manager, W.
J. Rushton. They represent the highest
business acumen and executive ability of
the city, and the voluminous and fast
increasing trade enjoyed and signal suc-
cess achieved are l)ut a natural reflex of
their energetic and capable management
of the enterprise. In connection wiih.
the ice manufactory, they are engaged in
handling coal to a large extent.
INIr. Pearson is a native of Butler

Birmingham

County, Alabama. By profession, he is
a, -well-known and popular lawyer of
Birmingham, and President of the Bir-
mingham Flouring Mills, one of the
leading enterprises of the city.

Mr. Cameron was born in Montgom-
ery, Alabama, and is treasurer of the
Birmingham Jjand Company, and Presi-
dent of the First National Bank. The
enterprising and public spirited interest
taken by him in everything thati^ertains
to the material and commercial advance-
ment of Birmingham has placed this
gentleman at the head of numerous pub-
lic enterprises of the city.

Mr. Rushton, as the General Manager
of this business, is the right man in the
right place, and having been in the ice
business for years, he has all tlie expe-
rience necessary to a {)erfect understand-
ing of every detail connected with these
large factories.

Mr. Sommerville is a native of Cahaba,
Dallas County, Alabama, and has for
years held the position of bookkeeper in
various companies in this city. He is a
man well knciwn in business circles as an
adept in his calling.

All the officers of this Company are
men of long and valuable experience,
and are essentially representative of the
industrial developments of Birmingham.

Pharmacists.
WILKERSON & STONE, 305 Twen-
tieth street, between Third and Fourth
avenues. — Among the leading pharma-
cists to be found in. this city are Messrs.
Wilkerson & Stone, whose store is most
conveniently located at 305 Twentieth
street, between Third and Fourth av-
enues. This house was established on
November 1, 1887, and ever since the in-
ception of the business has enjoyed a
fine manufacturing and retail pharmacy
trade.
_ The premises are 20x95 feet in dimen-
sions and three stories high, with a hand-
some brick front. These gentlemen do a

good manufacturing business, and carry a
full and judiciously selected stock of
medicines, chemicals, drugs, patent med-
icines, etc. — everything, in fact, pertain-
ing to tirst-class establishments.

Prescriptions are compounded with
great accuracy, skill and promptness.

Mr. P. M. Wilkerson was born in
Marion, Alabama, where he resides.
This gentleman is a member of the
Knights of Pythias, and an accomplished
pharmacist, having spent two. years at
the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.

Mr. Stone, his partner, is a native of
Talladega, and was Secretary of the Ala-
bama Pharmaceutical Association for
years. He formerly traveled with the
greatest success for one of the largest
wholesale drug houses in Louisville, that
of Arthur, Peter & Vo.

Both of the above gentlemen have had
long experien(;e in the drug business,
and their practical knowledge of all its
branches and facilities for properly con-
ducting it are unsurpassed.

Architects.

CHAS. WIIEELOCK & SON, corner
Nineteenth ^t^eet and Third avenue. —
Among ilii' popular architects of our city
are proniimiit Messrs. Chas. Wheelock
& Son, who are most skillful exponents
of their profession. They have been es-
tablished in business since 1881, and by
superior work and equitable method's
have reared an extensive and prosperous
business.

The firm have executed much of the
finest work in their line in this vicinity,
and are respected and esteemed as repre-
sentative local exponents of their depart-
ment of skilled industry. Their elegant
offices are located in the Jackson Block,
corner Nineteenth street and Second
avenue. They furnish plans and speci-
fications for the erection' of all styles of
building sand are the supervising archi-
tects of the new courthouse and many
other buildings here.

Mr. Chas. Wheelock was born in
Charlestown, near Boston, Massachu-
setts, and was educated in"TSI^ew England.
When a young man he devoted himself
entirely to the study of his profession in
all its details, and is now an acknowledged
architect of great ability. Pie has had
practical experience, and, with unusual
talent and originality, has built up a
flourishing business.

Mr. H. B. Wheelock was born in Iowa
and received an excellent education in
San Francisco, California. He is fully

100

North Alabama.

prepared to execute or carry out any
architectural undertaking.
_ This firm is hekl in the highest estima-
tion l)y the community and have estab-
lished an enviable reputation among their
fellow men.

Stoues and Tinware.

W. L. KELLEY, 2007 Second avenue.
— Among the standard establishments of
the Magic City is that of Mr. Walter L.
Kelley, dealer in stoves and tinware, lo-
cated at No. 2007 Second avenue. The
business was established October
1, 18cS7, and occupies large and commo-
dious premises, 25x100 feet in dimen-
sions, two stories high. Mr. Kelley al-
ways keeps on hand a fine and full stock
of goods, and keeps the finest line of
stoves in town. He has all the well-
known and famous Baxter Stoves,"Belle,"
"Pearl," "Dexter," "Jewell," "New Na-
tional," "Icoline," "Superior," "Eu-
reka," "New Pacific," "Southern Can-
non," "Favor," "Eclipse," "Palmetto,"
"Victor," "Comfort," "Diamond,"
"Irona" and "Wild Flower."

Mr. Kelley's business, from the very
start, has never diminished. This gen-
tleman, a native of Wilnnngton, North
Carolina, was for the period of six years
in the hardware business in this city, as
clerk to his brother, Mr. George C.
Kelley, in which capacity he gave
the most complete satisfaction.
Since establishing himself in this busi-
ness Mr. Kelley has, by energy and fair
dealing in all his contracts, built up a
business which is becoming more lucra-
tive every day.

Hughes Lumber and Manufacturing Co.

Tliis extensive business was founded
in 1887, and under enterprising and able
management has grown steadily in vol-
ume and importance, Mr. E. Eastman

being president of the company and Mr.
D. M. Smith general manager.

The company has always on hand tb&
best quality of .Siish, doors, blinds, stairs^
stair-railing, balusters, jilain and fancy
moldings, etc., and deals at wholesale
in rough and dressed yellow pine and
poplar lumber, flooring, ceiling and sid-
ing. The saw-mill and planing-mills are
large and substantial structures, fully
e(iui])i)eil thrnuyhout with the latest im-
proved maciiinery and appliances. The
I>iant covers an extensive area, centrally
located, and shi23i)ing facilities are en-
joyed, second to none in the South. The
company has developed an extensive
trade and an influential connection, while
their reputation is of the most enviable
character.

The officers are autborities in this
branch of trade, and are natives of Ohio
and Alabama respectively. They have
ever retained the confidence of the lead-
ing commercial circles and are amply
qualified for conducting their extensive
enterprise with ever increasing success.
Birmingham may justly feel proud of
this representative enterprise.

Broilers and Commission IVIercliants.

EUGENE STOLLENWERCK & CO.,
Morris avenue, between Twentieth and
Twenty-first streets. — Prominent among-
the industrial interests of the city of
Birmingham is the brokerage and com-
mission house of Eugene Stollenwerck &
Co., established by its present projn-ietors.
The location of the oliice and warehouse
is admirable, being on Morris avenue,
between Twentieth and Twenty-first
streets. The spacious warerooms measure
25x82o feet, being connected by elevator
for facilitating storage and shipping and
provided with telephonic appliances for
the prompt execution of all orders made
on the house. Eugene Stollenwerck &
Co. do a large brokerage and general
commission business for the sale of
country produce generally, consignments
of which are more especially received
from New York and the West. This
firm represents the four largest houses in
the United States — Armour & Co.,
Chicago; Armour Packing Company,
Kansas City ; Armour-Cudahy Packing
Co., South Omaha; Arbuckle Bros. CoS'ee
Company, New York.

Mr. Eugene Stollenwerck was born* in
Greensboro, Alabama, and educated in
Selma. He has had four years' experi-
ence in the present business, having been
in the brokerage business in Selma for a

Birmingham.

101

length of time, in the firm of H. H.
Stewart & Co. He is highly esteemed in
this community, his house occupying a
commanding position in the trade.

Galvanized Cornice,

JAS. B. HOPKINS & CO., 113 Twen-
ty-first street. — Messrs. Jas. B. Hopkins &
Co. established their present business in
June, 1886. They make a specialty of
galvanized iron cornice and mantels,
stoves, tinware, etc. The capacity of the
shops and factory is ample with the
very best facilities for shipping and
receiving their wares and goods. Their
premises at 113 Twenty-first street are a
three-story brick, 25x90, erected purpose-
ly for their business, and is both central
and commodious. The success of this
firm is the result of intelligent business
methods in the direction of their affairs
and consummate skill in producing the
best and most useful articles that the
housekeeper can desire, supplying a long
felt want in domestic economy.

Mr. Jas. B. Hopkins is from North
Alabama, and was with J. W. Hopkins &
Co., in Madison, Alabama, from 1869
until 1885.

Mr. Robert T. Hopkins is a native of
Alabama. He was for a number of years
previous to coming to this city identified
with the large house of the Phillips &
Buttorff" Manufacturing Company, Nash-
ville, and is well and formally known to
the trade of the several Southern States.

Land and Improvement Co.
BIRMINGHAM - ENSLEY LAND
AND IMPROVEMENT COMPANY,

office, Third avenue, between Nineteenth
and Twentieth streets. — In reviewing
Birmingham and sending out a history
of her finest and largest enterprises, we
find particularly worthy of mention the
Birmingham-Ensley Land and Improve-

ment Company, established in the year
1887._

This enterprising and flourishing Com-
pany owns 441 acres of the choicest land
for building purposes southwest of Bir-
mingham. This land is eligibly located,
lying as it does between Bessemer and
Birmingham, the Bessemer Dummy Line
running through the jiroperty and con-
necting it with Birmingham.
_ As stated, the property is eligibly
situated. There is an abundant supply
of excellent spring water on this prop-
erty. Its location, geographically and
otherwise, is, indeed, desirable. Aside
from the named advantages, this property
is sold at very reasonable prices, the
prices varying in accordance with the
desirability of location, though there is
not a lot on the property not desirable,
nor one held at such a price that an hon-
est, working, poor man could not pur-
cha.se it.

This i^roperty is cheaper than any
other suburban property similarly and
as desirably situated in the neighborhood
of the Magic City and the thriving and
magical little city of Bessemer.

The low figures at which this property
is sold makes it especially desirable to
mechanics, laborers and other business
men who do business in Birmingham or
Bessemer, and to whom will be granted
special ticket rates over the Bessemer
Dummy Line. Not a few of the most
prominent business men of the Magic
City have bought lots of this Company.

During the month of January, 1888,
notwithstanding the quietness pervading
the general business community just at
that time, this Company sold 500 lots,
and could readily have sold more, but it
was considered advisable to take the
property off the market for a short time.

Reviewing, the beautiful and desirable
location, the excellent water, the travel-
ing and market facilities, and last, though
not leqst of all, the remarkably reasona-
ble prices for which it is sold this prop-
erty deservedly gives to its possessors the
boom or more properly the success which
they enjoy and makes it obviously an El
Dorado for not only the poor, who can
not afford to pay large rents, but also to
the wise, who see its many advantages.

It is the intention of the Company to
build up a suburb in this region for the
working classes. Houses for the work-
ing classes are here offered as cheap and
at as reasonable rates as can be gotten
anywhere in the neighborhood.

Mr. J. E. DuBois, the enterprising
president, was born in Greensborough,

102

North Alabama.

Alabama. This trentleman is a Mason
and a Kni.<rht Templar. 1'he greater
portion of his life he has been interested
in manufactnring enterprises, and his
father was the inventor and inannfac-
turer of the celebrated " DuBois Flanged
Rib Cotton Gin," now being made in
Lonisville, Kentucky, under the name of
"Deering-DuBois," by Wm. Deering,
president of the F. D. Gin House Machine
Company. He now is interested in
manufacturing in Birmingham, and has
valuable interests in coal and iron lands,
the finest in the State, and is a great Ix--
liever in Birmingham, the Louisville ik
Nashville Railroad and Vice-President M.
H. Smith, who to-day is doing much for
the country.

These gentlemen are well known for
their enterprise and public spirit and
business abilities, possessing the esteem
and confidence of all in the community.

Mr. C. T. Cooke, formerly of P^utaw,
Alabama, is Secretarj- and Treasurer.
Mr. Cooke has for some years Ijeen con-
nected with the manufacturing interest
of Birmingham, and has great faitli in
the future prosperitj' and growth of the
city, based upon facts, not fancies.

Their opinion is that the truth told of
a truly meritorious enterprise is suf-
ficient to give it all the encouragement,
support and indorsement it requires.
Correspondence is solicited, and personal
investigation, l)y all jiai-ties wishing such
assurance as would thus be gained con-
cerning the veracity of this article, would
by them l)e esteemed a favor.

This Company has a perfect title to all
their ]-)ropertj', and is free from del)t, and
is the happy possessor of a constantly in-
creasing account of credit Avith their
bankers.

Merchandise Brokers.

J. C. CLARK & CO.— Clark, Guild
& Co., established in 1885, and J. C. Clark
& Co. In October, 1887, they consoli-
dated under the present firm name.
They do a general merchandise and
manufacturers' brokers' business. They
corresjiond and transact business with
firms all over the South and West. The
annual business is of pro.sperous volume.

Mr. J. C. Clark was born in Hale
County, Alabama, and was formerly con-
nected with the Cincinnati Southern
Railroad. He afterward went to Waco,
Texas, where he engaged in the real
estate business, and married a Texas lady
of culture and refinement.

W. T. Guild was born in Nashville, and

is a son of George Guild, of the firm of
Guild it Reid. attorneys.

Mr. Guild wa.s formerly a bookkeeper
in this city. This firm is deservedly
among the most popular lirm of brokers
in the citv.

Architects.

A. J. ARMSTRONG & L. BUCK,
Room 27, Office Building. — The profes-
sion of the architect sliould be regarded
with special favor, and is, in this city,
for the i^eople have shown a laudable
ambition for the. erection of beautiful
and costly l)uildings. That this is the
case is abundantly shown by the success-
ful record of the architects here, and
notably among them, Messrs. Armstrong
& Buck, the widely and favorably-known
firm.

INIr. A. J. Armstrong is a native of
Brookfield, Massachusetts. He studied
architecture in Boston, where he has
lived most of his life, and where he
made it a special study, and of every
branch adjunct, which in any way could
be of benefit to him. He has achieved
a fine reputation since settling in Bir-
mingham in April, 1886. Mr. Armstrong
designed plans for the Charleston Block
at Bessemer, which is one of the most
attractive buildings in this section of the
country. He was employed l)y Captain ■
John B. Eads, and has been employed
by the United States Government in the
chief signal office at Washington, andt
also in the New Orleans signal office. He
was employed five years at New Orleans
in the Louisville, New Orleans &
Texas Railroad as architect, chief
draughtsman and engineer. INIr. Arm-
strong came to this city under emiploy-
ment of the Kansas City Railroad. He
is .a member of the Western Asscuciation
of Architects, and Alabama Association
of Architects ; also of the Elks.

Mr. L. Buck studied drawing under
his father, an exjjcrienced artist of New
Orleans, and after leaving school entered
the ofiice of H. Thiberge, an architect of
New Orleans, since that period having
been head di-aughtsman for two of
the best architects in New Orleans.
Previous to his present partnership,
and while with another firm in this
city, he was the designer of the Mor-
ris and other buildings here. Mr. Buck
is a young man of decided talent, and is
rapidly rising to eminence in his profes-
sion. The firm recently submitted plans
for the Fort Worth Board of Trade build-

Birmingham.

103

BOARD OF TRADE Bl'ILDING, FORT WORTH. TEXAS.

(Designed by Armstrong & Buck, Birmingham.)

104

North Alabama.

ing, and they were accepted over many
competitors. We present a view of tliis
edifice, which is a fair saiiii)le of their
work. Messrs. Armstrong and Buck are
prompt, rehable, and thorough masters of
their profession. We take pleasure in
mentioning this firm, and commending
them to public favor. Tlieir oftice is room
27, Office Building. They have a branch
office in Fort Worth, Texas.

The Law son Carpet Co.

In displaying in acompreliensive man-
ner the statistics and industries of Bir-
mingham, as intended in the iiresent
work, it is necessary to include the
industrial arts and professions as well as
the commercial interests of the city ;
and the carpet business occupies, with-
out doubt, a position, tlie importance of
which cannot be disputed.

The Lawson Carpet Company was
founded on the first of November, 1887,
and has, since its inception, occupied a
leading position among the retail houses
of Birmingham. The premises occupied
are very commodious, being 28x100 feet
in dimensions, built of brick and four
stories high ; they are, too, most con-
veniently located, being on the corner of
Twentieth .street and Third avenue* The
stock, which is as complete and varied as
can be desired, is beautifully arranged
and displayed with decided' taste, and
comprises the finest carpets, curtain
materials, upholstery goods, l;)rass furni-
ture, shades and American tapestries
made. The finest Turkish and Smyrna
carpets are, among various other kinds,
kept in stock.

Mr. William Lawson is a native of Bel-
fast, Ireland. This gentleman was form-
erly engaged in the same business in
Charleston, South Carolina, having lived
about twelve months in Birmingham.

Mr. Lawson, therefore, has, it will be
seen, had years' experience in the carpet
business, and thoroughly understands it,
having been engaged in it all his life.
He is a gentleman of high standing in
the community, and popular. In his
line he carries the best stock in Birming-
ham, and anything sold by him is inva-
riably as represented.

No firm in Birmingham is more worthy
of patronage and attention than that of
The Lawson Carpet Company.

Rolling Mills.
THE BIRMINGHAM ROLLING
MILL CO.MPANY.— One of the most
important industries known to the

South is that of the Rolling Mills whiclB*.
heads this article. The Birminghara
Rolling Mill Company was founded July
1, 18S0, and since that time has met
in every way with eminent success. The*
premises of these extensive mills occupy
ten acres, there being several large build-
ings of various dimensions on the
grounds. The machinery and boilers are-
of the most approved make of pattern.
The business of this firm extends ta-
every part of the United States. Nine-
hundred men are given employment, the
daily output of the mills being 140 ton.?-
of finished iron, whilst the weekly pay-
roll amounts to $10,000. This Company
manufactures every descrii)tion of iron,,
guaranteetl equal to the l)est Northern
work, namely: Merchant bar iron, shaft-
ing and tank iron, round edge tire, 1\.
tram and strap rails, horseshoe iron,
wagon angle and stay bolt iron, angle-
and plain fish bars, coal screen and saw
mill track iron, sheet, tank, jail, safe-
plate, Ijridge and plow iron, roofing iron,
bridge l)olts, etc., etc., a specialty being
made of blast furnace shell and stock,
iron.

To verify the above statement, that
these mills have met with most eminent
success since the first, we have only to-
mention that no less than three medals-
have V)een awarded to them from exposi-
tions held in various parts of America..
In 1881 the International Cotton Exposi-
tion, held in Atlanta. Georgia, gave a
medal to them. In 1883, the Southern
Exposition, at Louisville, Kentucky, and
in 188-4, the World's Industrial and Cot-
ton Exposition, at New Orleans, awarded
them with a medal. Mr. James G. Cald-
well, a native of Louisville, Kentucky,
is the esteemed President of the Com-
pany. This gentleman is President, too,
of the Farmers' and Drovers' Bank of
Louisville.

Mr. B. du Pont, also a native of Louis-
ville, is the Secretary of the Mills, and
Mr. Thomas AVard, a native of England,
is the able IManager in general of the
Mills.

Mr. J. D. Dwyer, born at Newport, is-
Superintendent, and Mr. J. H. Mohus, a
native of Iowa, is the efficient salesmaiu

The above gentlemen are men of fine
character, prompt and energetic ; and in
conclusion, we do not think that we are
at all overstating things when we say
that for completeness of equipment and
quality of work done, as well as prompt-
ness in filling contracts, the Birmingharai
Rolling INIills will bear comparison wittt
any in the Union.

Birmingham.

105

Flouring Mill Co.

WHARTON FLOURING MILL
•COMPANY. — Among the industries of
Birmingham which deserve favorable
notice in our work, we notice particu-
larly the AVharton Flouring Mill Com-
pany, established in 1885.

These mills, started by the present
proprietors, have always maintained a
high reputation, so much so that they
have no competition, being the only mills
•of the kind in Birmingham. The build-
ing is three stories and a base-
ment, and is fitted up with the best and
most improved machinery and other ap-
pliances, all of which combine to make
the mills the equal of any in the South,
or elsewhere. The mills are on two
lines of railroads, thus having ample
iacilities for shipping with the greatest
■dispatch.

Choice Family and Extra Family Flour
are manufactured here, their finest
brands being the " Queen of Patents,"
■" White Hou.se" and " Consolation"
roller process flours, of which they ship
thousands of barrels to all parts of Ala-
bama and the neighboring States. They
have a capacity of ;500 barrels of flour
every twenty-four hours, which can be
increased.

Mr. J. M. AVharton, President of the
Company, is a native of Montgomery.
This gentleman was engaged for twenty
years at Montgomery, in the furniture
business.

Mr. George F. Sedberry, the Secretary
and Treasurer, is an Alabamian, reared
in AVetumpka, fourteen miles from Alont-
gomery. He has been identifled in the
.grocery and provision trade for many
3'ears. For seven years he was in the whole-
sale grocery business in Montgomery,
and came to this city one year ago. len-
til recently he was bookkeeper for this
Company, and in January, 1885, was
elected Secretary and Treasurer.

These gentlemen are men well-known
and resjjected, and their long experience
and general reputation entitle them to be
regarded as one of the representative
firms of Birmingham.

Architects.
^Y. S. SMITH & CO., 1909A First
.avenue. — Architecture is the first and
oldest of all arts. The standing of any
•€omraunity as to culture and reflnement
is clearly and plainly announced by the
■character of its dwellings and public
buildings. Few people realize what is
.involved in the make-up ami equijiment

of a really good architect. He must have
a liberal education, and be thoroughly
conversant with all the modern develop-
ments of science. He must have had a
special training of eye and hand for his
work, and must be familiar with all the
best work, ancient or modern, through-
out the civilized world. He must under-
stand the nature and properties of ma-
terial of all kinds. He must be a good
business man, and, above all, he must be
a man of integrity, that can be reliel

-f^

upon with al)solute certainty, and one
from which contractors know that they
will receive exact justice. A firm filling
all these requirements is that of W. S.
Smith & Co., established in this city in
1S8(3, and located at 1909.V First avenue.

This Arm has designed plans for a great
number of residences and business houses
in the city: Dr. Burgamy, South High-
lands, two residences; W. F. Smith, H.
J. Grigg, E. Bandman, Kelly, Public
School (brick Iniildingi at Columbus,
Mississippi ; H. R. Johnston, Zion
Church, Alabama Club Building, and
numerous other of the finest residences
and stores in the city, too numerous to
mention.

Mr. W. S. Smith is a native ot Augusta,
Georgia. He is a ^lason. Mr. Smith
was educated at Montgomery, Alabama,
but .studied architecture under Mr. Sam-
uel Sloan, of Philadelphia. His daugh-
ter. Miss Sallie T. Smith, is the junior
member of the firm. She was born at
Columbus, Mississippi, and has studied
architecture under the able guidance of
her father. She graduated at Verona
College, Mississippi.

An architect has one great advantage
— his work always speaks for him. In
conclusion, we can but recommend those
contemplating building operations to
place their orUers for plans and specifica-

106

NoKTH Alabama.

tions with this hunora))le and responsible
firm, a credit in every way to the pro-
fession.

Iron Works.

BIRMINGHA^NI IROX WORKS.—

Birmingham, among her other thriving
industries, can boast of iron works and
foundries wliich, for completeness of
their equipments, the variety of their
manufactures, and the reputation held by
them throughout the South, need not
fear comparison with any in the Union.
Among these, by far the most important
and complete in every respect, are the
Birmingham Iron Works, which consti-
tute one of the features of the city.
These works were established in 1882,
and comjjrise a foundry building 50x150
feet in dimensions, a machine shop 50x
100 feet, and a pattern shop 50x50 feet.
One hundred hands are employed.

They manufacture water and gas pipes
of all sizes, steam pumps, all manner of
castings, mill gearing, shafting, pulleys,
liangers, cotton presses, and, in fact, all
machinery in general which is manufac-
tured l)y a first-class estal)lishment.

Upward of nine tons of pii)e are.
turned out daily by these extensive
works, which are equipped with the
most modern and improved machinery,
whilst all contracts and orders are
promptly tilled, invarial)ly to the satis-
faction (jf purchasers.

The work elfected here has a deserved
reputation throughout the Soutli.

The firm enjoys advantages which en-
able it to defy all competition, and the
attention of millowners and others is
drawn to the liberal inducements which
thev olier.

The members of the firm are 3Ir. John
T. Hardie and Mr. William' Hardie. The
former gentleman is President of the
Works, and lives at New Orleans, at
which place he is in the cotton and com-
mission business. He is, also. President
of the Mutual National Bank, of New
Orleans.

His son, ]\Ir. William Hardie, Secre-
tary, Treasurer and General ^lanager of
the Works, lives at Birnnngham, and
suiterintends all the business of these
extensive Works.

Dry Goods, Notions, Etc.
WILLIS & RANDALL, No. 404 South
Twentieth street. — The importance of
the dry goods trade as a factor in
commercial prosperity can scarcely be
overestimated, and in a review of this-
character this special branch of business-
should be noticed at more or less length.
Among the more recent additions in this
line to this city's already long list of
houses, we would make special mention
of IVIe.ssrs. Willis ct Randall, who are
located at No. 404 South Twentieth street.
Their storeroom is a handsome one, com-
modious, attractively arranged, and is
supplied with all necessary comforts and
conveniences. The stock embraces a full
line of dry goods, notions, hosiery, laces,
ribbons, ladies' and gents' shoes, hats,
etc., in short, all articles usually found
in a first class dry goods establishment.
These goods are sold at the lowest prices
and belter value cannot be found in Bir-
mingham. Messrs. Willis & Randall
employ several courteous salesmen, and
have built up a large trade through their
prompt and upright transactions toward
all.

Birmingham.

107

Mr. "Willis is from South Carolina and
for a number of years was a traveling-
salesman.

Mr. Eandall was Ijorii in Baltimore ;
has bad a long and successful career.
Both gentlemen are energetic, possessed
of superior ability and stand well in com-
mercial circles.

Whiskies, Brandies, Wines, Etc,

E. OPPENHEIMER & CO., No. 120
Twentieth street, between First and Sec-
ond avenues. — Birmingbam is now re-
garded as one of the leading distril^uting
points South and a most important
wbolesale trade center. Many large job-
bing houses have located here, among
them the firm of E. Oppenheimer & Co.,
wbolesale dealers in whiskies, brandies,
wines, etc. The business conducted here
is a branch of the long-established and
poiMilar house of the same name at Louis-
ville, Kentucky. Several years ago this
branch bouse was opened here, and from
the first it bas enjoyed an unusual degree
of prosperity.

The fact of possessing a large business
in the " Falls Cit}%" the greatest whisky
trade center in America, and po.ssessing
ample capital, enaliling them to buy in
large quantities for cash, it will be at
once seen that the house here can ofter
inducements to its customers not easily
duplicated.

The location of their place of business
is at 120 Twentieth street. North, and
here may be found a large and complete
stock of whiskies, brandies, wines, cigars,
etc.

The house carries a line of the best
and cheapest, the specialties being:
"Kentucky Bourbon," " Chas. Nelson's
liincoln County and Corn "Whisky" and
" Pennsylvania Rye." Also a complete
stock of gins, brandies, wines and all
kinds of fine liquors, both domestic and
imported. In addition, the bouse carries
a complete assortment of domestic, Key
West and imported cigars, in which they
have a large trade.

Real Estate.

J. T. RICHARDSON. — Conspicuous
among the oldest inhabitants and the
business men of Birmingham, is Mr. J.
T. Richardson, real estate agent, located
at lOlOi Second avenue.

Mr. Richardson makes a specialty of
the care and management of estates and
other property, and to the rental of
houses and the collection of rents his
personal attention is paid. He is a mem-

ber of the Stock Exchange, and transacts
a large business in buying and selling
stocks. He is a native of Alabama. Mr.
Richardson is a Free Mason, and is an
attorney-at-law, though he does not
practice at the present time. This gen-
tleman deals Avith the greatest prompti-
tude with anything in the real estate
business, in regard to renting, l:>uy-
ing and selling. He is a man well known
in this portion of the country for bis
integrity, fair dealing and business abili-
ties

Constructors and Consulting Engineers,

BACON & JACKSON, First avenue,
between T\A'enty-first and Twenty-second
streets. — Birmingham is the recognized
headquarters in the South for the most
widely-known and experienced mining
engineers and contractors, and the largest
houses for supplying mill, mining and
furnace machinery. In listing the men
identified with this class of enterprises
we call special attention to the firm of
Bacon & Jackson. The building occupied
by them is on First avenue. It is a brick
structure, 50x825 feet, and is admirably
adapted for the purpose used. A track
runs near the doors, thus obviating the
necessity of rehandling all machinery.
They handle machinery of tlie largest
make, and in this specialty are practically
without competition in the State. They
make a specialty of not only furnishing
but erecting heavy mining and furnace
machinery, and in this section of the State
have done an enormous amount of work.
In stock is kept sporting and blasting
powder, dynamite and wood-working and
saw-mill machinery of every kind. This
Company is also sole agents for a system
of overhead traveling crane, so that ma-
chinery may be moved to any part of the
store and loaded on tracks or trucks in
the street. They represent Kingsland &
Douglass ^Manufacturing Company, St.
Louis; the John H. McGowan Com-
pany, Pumps, Cincinnati ; Hooker-Col-
ville Steam Pump Company, St. Louis ;
the Egan Company, Cincinnati.

Mr. J. E. Brow'n, the manager, is a
native of Brooklyn, and for many
years has been a most successful me-
chanical engineer, traveling for the
"IngersoU Rock Drill Company," and
subsequently with the "Sergeant Rock
Drill Company." Mr. Brow'ii is a
machinist and engineer by profes-
sion. He has traveled extensively of
late years in connection with mining and

108

North Alabama.

railway plants, having visited some of
the largest in the United States.

As contractors and engineers Bacon &
Jackson are able, experienced and relia-
ble, and as business men they occupy a
position in the foremost rank of commer-
cial circles.

Coal, Timber and Mineral Lands.
HATCH, MERIWETHER & CO.—

Those persons interested in the coal,
timber and mineral lands of the South
may find some of the best properties of
that description represented by Hatch,
Meriwether & Co. They devote especial
attention to this part of their real estate
business, making it the first considera-
tion to become thoroughly acquainted,
so far as possible, with their properties.
Beingadvantageously located at Birming-
ham they hold well-in-hand much of
the coal and mineral lands of Alabama
and Georgia, and fine cypress and hard
wood forest^ of the entire South. Tlie
firm of Hatch, Meriwether & Co. has been
engaged in a general real estate business
since August, 1886, and have handled
city and suburban properties ably and
conservatively. They stand endorsed
by Governor Seay, of Alabama, Senator
Morgan, of the same State, and First
National, Alabama National, and Bir-
mingham National Banks, of Birming-
ham. Correspondence solicited. L. ]J.
Hatch, Alabama; Gilmer Meriwether,
Kentucky; F. B. Deane, Virginia.

Broilers and Commission /Merchants.

HARWELL & RUDISILL, Brokers
and Commission Merchants; office and
warehouse, Morris avenue, between
Twentieth and Twenty-first streets. —
The trade of the broker and commission
merchant is one of the most important
factors in the growth of metropolitan
commerce, and many of the ablest busi-
ness men are profitably engaged in this
line. In this connection, as a represent-
ative city house, we must mention that
of Messrs. Harwell & Rudisill, which,
though but established on the 1st of
January, 1888, has done a most satis-
factory business. The location of this
firm is an eligible one, the ottice and
warehouse l)eing on Morris avenue,
between Twentieth and Twenty-first
streets. The warehouse, two stories
high and aliout 25x100 feet in size, is
supplied with all requisite facilities for
the advantageous handling and display
of stock, and large consignments of staple
commodities are daily received from the

numerous outside patronage. Specialties
of this enterprising establishment are
pork products, corn, oats, hay, bran, flour,
sugar and coffee. Salesmen are kept
busy in the interests of the business, the
house enjoying an extensive and decid-
edly prosperous trade. Mr. S. F. Har-
well is a native of Kome, Georgia, and
his partner, Mr. W. L. Rudisill, of Mis-
si.s-sipiji. During their location in this
city these gentlemen have won the ut-
most esteem in commercial cii'cles, and
ai'e popularly numbered among Bir-
mingham's deservedlj^ successful mer-
chants.

Mercliant Tailor.
C. THOMSEN, corner Twentieth street
and First avenue. — Among the leading
houses whose energy and enterprise have
given conspicuous position to the trade of
merchant tailoring is that of Mr. C. Thom-
sen, the successor of C. Thomsen & Co.
This worthy gentleman, a native of Den-
mark, was establisheil in this city in Au-
gust, 1SS7. Ever since the inception of
business he has met with an admiral)le
trade. He is located in one of the
most central and eligible business
blocks here, occupying, as he does, a
fine second-story room in the Hewlett
Block, on the corner of First avenue and
Twentieth street. He always has on
hand a nice line of dress and business
suitings. He employs a force of skilled
workmen only, and makes a specialty of
fine work, being a cutter of many years'
experience. Mr. Thomsen is a member
of the Knights of Labor. 'J'his gentle-
man never fails to give the greatest .satis-
faction to all patrons, being a thoroughly
competent and practical man of business
in his line.

Insurance and Real Estate Agency.

DANGAIX & THROCKMORTON, 107
Nineteenth street, between First and
Second avenues. — The justly poi)ular
agency of Dangaix & Throckmoiton was
established in March, 18.S7. They suc-
ceeded the enterprising firm of AV. F.
Smith & Co. and Smith A Dangaix, and
have added largely to the well estab-
lished trade of the former house.

Mr. W. J. Dangaix, the pojnilar senior
member of the firm, was born in Phila-
delphia, and has had the <>xperience of a
first class insurance agent, having been
in the business for five j-ears. Mr.
Dangaix was reared in Brunswick,
Geoi-gia, and is a gentleman of personal
worth.

Birmingham

109

Mr. Throckmorton is a Kentuckian,
:and is from the famous "Blue Grass"
region. He is well ami favorably known
here, as he was with the Louisville &
Nashville Railroad, as agent, here for
xnany years. He is a man of superior
ability.

This firm makes a specialty of insur-
.ance, representing some of the strongest
•and best known companies in the world.

In real estate they keep posted as to
prices and can offer inducements to buy-
ers either in city or country property or
mineral lands — coal and iron properties.
These gentlemen are young men, full of
■energy, enterprise an<i public spirit, and
.have always been found identified with
every enterprise looking to the growth
■and progress of the city.

Furniture and Undertakers' Supplies.

E. ERSWELL, 112, 11-1 and 116 North
Nineteenth street. — There are some es-
tablishments in this city whose long and
steady career, heavy and extensive trans-
actions and solid business qualities, make
them landmarks in tiie history of the
past and prime factors in the prosperity
•of the present. Such a one is that of
Mr. Erswell. This gentleman com-
menced business in this city in 1872, and
Jrom that time has enjoyed an en-
viable reputation for excellent and skiJl-
:ful work. He now carries one of the
largest and most carefully selected stocks
to be found in any establishment similar
■to this in the South, embracing all kinds,
styles and qualities of furniture. He also
•carries a full and complete line of car-
pets, shades, wall paper and undertakers'
supplies. The prices asked in every de-
partment are so reasonable as to "have
gained for the house the reputation of
being the cheapest furniture establish-
ment in Alabama. Mr. Erswell is per-
.fectly acquainted with the wants of the
-Southern trade, experienced in every de-
tail of the manufacture of furniture and
possesses a fine factory. The building is
a handsome three-story brick structure,
.75x100 feet in dimensions.

]\lr. Erswell was born in Ohio, and has
been a resident of this city nearly twenty
3'ears, during all of which time he has
been closely identified with the com-
merce and trade of the t;ity and her
mineral welfare and prosperity. Few
hou.ses anywhere can show so successful
and honorable a business career, or have
•obtained so widespread and enviable a
rejHitation for uniform (;ourtesy. fair deal-
ing. and liberal policy.

Cigar Store.
THE ALHAMBRA— The finest and
most successful cigar house in this
citv is, no doubt, the Alhambra, located
on'Twentieth street, estaljlished in 1887.
The well-arranged premises are elegantly
fitted up, the exterior of .store being pret-
tily decorateil in terra cotta. This enter-
l^rising house keeps always on hand the
finest imported and Key West cigars.
Fine meerschaum goods and briar pipes
are specialties of the house. Whatever
is sold here is of the very best quality,
and is as reasonable in price as anywhere

110

North Alabama.

in the city. Mr. I. Forst, the affable man-
ager of the house, has Iwen a resident of
the city eight years, he being a native of
Germany. This gentleman belongs to
the Blue Lodge of ]Nhisons, Royal Arch
Chapter, and Council of Masons, Knights
of Honor, Knights of Pythias, is an Odd
Fellow, and belongs to the I. O. Free
Sons oi' Israel and I. 0. B. B. He is a
gentleman of excellent character and of
sterling (lualities, and thoroughly de-
serves the large cigar business he has
ever had in Birmingham from the time
he embarked in the enterprise.

Real Estate and Insurance,

WILSON, IMARTIN & LEEDY, 118
Twenty-iirst street. — The rapid and won-
derful growth of Birmingham and her
present ])n)Si)erity is mainly due to the
energy, ability and wide-awake spirit
exhibited by her real estate dealers.
Through their influence the advantages
of the city and the great mineral wealth
in the adjoining fields and mountains
have been heralded far and near, and has
resulted in attracting thither scores of
investors from other sections of the
Union. In this good w<jrk no firm has
been more prominent than A\'ilson, Mar-
tin & Leedy, of 118 Twenty-first street,
the leading real estate, insurance, stock
and bond brokers A brief sketch of
the firm may not prove uninteresting.

The partnership was instituted Jan-
uary, 1887, and though not yet two years
old the position accorded them in com-
mercial circles is a most flattering one,
and one enjoyed rarely except by old
established firms.

The business conducted by Messrs.
Wilson, Martin & Leedy is thoroughly
systematic, and divided into three de-
partments : Real estate, insurance and
stock brokers.

In realty, thev are well equipped,
being supplied with full information
respecting properties, both residence and
mineral. They have a long list of cheap
and desirable jiroperties, and being good
judges of values, purcliasers would find
themselves safe in the hands of such
men.

As insurance agents they represent
the oldest and largest companies in
the world, among them the ".Etna"
and " Phcenix," of Ihirtford ; Pluenix, of
New York, and the " Home Protection
of North Alabama." The aggregate cap-
ital of these and others is $20,000,000.
They are fuUv prepared to give the low-
est rates, and can i,ssue a new form of

policy, which will save the insured 50
per cent, on the old plan.

In money, stock and bond brokerage
the firm enjoys special facilities, and
keep hourly posted on all fluctuations in
the market. They buy and sell stocks,
bonds, etc., discount paper and make
loans.

Respecting the personnel of the firm,
w'e will state that Mr. J. T. Wilson is an
Alabamian, and has been identified with
the history and growth of Birmingham
since it was first laid oft" in the woods
seventeen years ago. He is regarded here
as one of the best authorities on all mat-
ters pertaining to i-eal estate. His busi-
ness ex})erience has been one series of
gratifying successes, due to his ability,
prudence and energy.

Mr. E. T. Martin is also a native of
this State, and was for many years
engaged in the insurance- business in
Eufaula, the firm name being Dean &
Martin. Ho is a master in this special
line of business.

Mr. W. B. Leedy is a native of Mis-
sissippi, and for seventeen years was
connected with the house of W. R. Rison
& Co., bankers, Huntsville, Alabama,
and is a thoroughly trained banker and
broker. Tlius constituted and backed
by ample capital the firm is a strong one,
and one which must continue to grow
and increase in popularity with the busi-
ness public. They refer to the following:
First National Bank, this city ; Capital
State Bank, Jackson, Mississippi ;
Eufaula National Bank, Eufaula, Ala-
bama, and W. R. Rison & Co., bankers,
Huntsville, Alabama.

Dry Goods and Fancy Notions.

GIFFORD & KNOWLES.— One of
the most poi)ular and representative busi-
ness establishments in this city is that of
Giftbrd & Knowles, dealers in dry goods
and fancy notions. The house was
founded under the present auspices in
1881, from the start having been a favor-
ite supply depot for the surrounding
trade. This fiourishing firm occupies a
fine two-story brick structure, 25x140
feet in dimensions. In the conveniently
appointed salesroom is displayed one of
the fini'st assortments of goods to be met
with in the city trade.

The finest Hamburgs, edgings, em-
broideries, spring lawns, and a full stock
of dress goods, household linen goods,
towels, table linen and napkins are spe-
cialties of the firm. A most experienced
corps of clerks are employed.

Birmingham.

Ill

Mr. C. T. Gifford was born in Massa-
chusetts. This gentleman is a Free Mason.
He was raised in youth CaroHna, but has
spent thirty years of his life in Aber-
deen, Mississippi.

Mrs. K. K. Knowles is a resident of
New York. This estimable lady resides
at No. 77 East One Hundred and Twen-
ty-seventh street. One Hundred and
Twenty-seven Canal street, New York,
is the buying office of Giffbrd & Knowles-

The members of this firm are thor-
oughly conversant with all the details of
their business, and their house has
always been regarded from its tirst days
as a decidedly leading and representative
one in its line.

Real Estate, Stocks and Bonds.

ALLEN, CARLISLE & TAYLOR,
1827 Second avenue, between Eighteenth
and Nineteenth streets. — If there is any
one business which is now showing forth
the wonderful advancement of the State
and the many advantages and resources
possessed by this city, it is the real estate
business.

The well-known and solid firm of
Allen, Carlisle &, Taylor, established in
March, 1887, and successors to Allen &
Thomas, are, by general consent, regarded
as among the foremost and most enter-
prising agents of Birmingham. The
office is centrally located at 1827 Second
avenue, between Eighteenth and Nine-
teenth streets, opposite the Florence
Hotel, and contains maps, charts, and
every possible convenience that can aid
the members of the firm in their efforts
to serve their jjatrons. These gentlemen
deal largeh^ in stocks, bonds and secu-
rities, and do all business in the real
estate line. In addition to the above
they carry on a very extensive wholesale
lumber business in Alal>ama and the
surrounding States.

Mr. D. F. Allen is a native of Putnam
County, Georgia. This gentleman, before
entering into the real estate business,
was manager of the New Flome Sewing
Machine Company, at Birmingham.

Mr. J. A. Carlisle is a native of Cham-
bers County, Alabama, and has latterly
been in the general merchandise busi-
ness.

Mr. A. T. Taylor, also, is a native of
Chambers County, Alabama, and is a
member of the Knights of Pythias.
Until fifteen years of age he was on the
home farm, and then was clerk for five
years in a large dry goods store in Ala-
bama, after which "he traveled for three

years for a New York house, and then
for a year and a half for a Philadelphia
house.

The above are all gentlemen of high
character and good business qualities,
and it is for these reasons that this firm
has acquired a wide reputation for the
uniform courtesy and hospitality shown
to strangers.

Real Estate, Rental and Insurance Agents.

GREGORY & BRYAN, office, Elyton
Land Company's Building. — Tiie growth
and prosperity of the Magic City is due
in a great measure to the untiring en-
ergy, promptness and enterprise of its
real estate firms. Among these must be
mentioned the popular and influential
firm of Messrs. Gregory & Bryan, whose
wide and extended experience in this
line of business enables them to offer
substantial advantage to both large and
small investors. This firm is undoubt-
edly among the leading and most promi-
nent real estate, rental and insurance
agents and loan brokers in the city of
Birmingham. The establishment of this
enterprise dates back to 1885, when Mr.
Gregory opened an office, which was,
from its inception, a marked success.

In 1887 Mr. Bryan was received into
partnership. The offices of this firm are
in the Elyton Land Comjjany's Building,
where they are prepared to transact all
business in this line. They pay special
attention to negotiating loans on bond
and mortgage, collecting of rents and
care of property for non-residents. They
have developed a trade of great magni-
tude, dealing in rich timber, mineral
and agricultural lands, desirably located
business and residence pi-operty, vacant
lots, cheap suburban lands, etc.

Those acting upon their accurate
knowledge of the market, and being
guided by their sound judgment and
judicious advice, can rely on securing
bargains. They have carried many suc-
cessful and important transactions
through, and are in every way fitted for
the extensive business they are engaged
in.

Mr. E. V. Gregory is a native of Ala-
bama, and has always been identified
with the growth and prosperity of Bir-
mingham, having settled here in 1871.
He built and occupied the tirst house
built in the city, when the streets were
being laid out and graded.

Mr. J. R. Bryan, Jr., until engaging in
the present enterprise, farmed exten-
sively in Mrginia, and at present owns

112

North Alabama.

large vineyards near Charlotteville, in
that State.

Both the gentlemen of this firm are
poijuhir, honorable business men, and
are representative men of the city.

Harness and Saddlery.

A. C. KECKLING, First avenue, be-
tween Nineteenth and Twentieth streets.
The saddlery and harness manufacturing
establishment of A. C. Keckling was
established in this city in 1884 by the
genial and popular proprietoi', and in
the rapid and magic growth of Bir-
mingham he has been an important
factor. Mr. Reckling is a thoroughly
practical saddler, and gives to the busi-
ness his personal and constant attention.
The saddles and liarnesses manufactured
in this establishment are always tirst
class and reliable and j)i'iees satisfactory.
He employs six to eight hands and makes
a specialty of hand-made work. A large
stock of goods is always kept on hand,
and the invariably low terms obtained
-at this establislnuent have made it the
favorite source of supply for a wide sec-
tion of the country, liepairing of every
description is given prompt attention.
All hand work is warranted for one year,
-and we are sure tiiat customers can ob-
tain the be.st value for their money.

Ml". Reckling was born and educated
in Germany, and Selma, Alabama, was
his former home. This gentleman is an
honored Knight of Pythias, live, ener-
getic, and in business circles is estab-
lished as a leader in this line of business.

Real Estate Agent.

O. L. WILLIS, Room 14, Office Build-
ing, 2015 First avenue. — Mr. 0. L. Willis
is one of the well-known men in the real
estate business in the city of Birming-
ham, although he has only been estab-
lished here for a couple of years. His
office is conveniently located, at Room 14,
in the Office Building, 2015 First avenue.
He transacts all business pertaining to
the buying, selling and renting of real
estate, the collection of rents being a
specialty. He has the best of references:
The Jefferson County -'Savings Bank, First
National Bank, Berney National Bank
and Messrs. Francis & Chenoweth.

Mr. Willis is anative of Sumter county,
Alabama. He formerly was engaged in
the mill and luml)er business. He is
energetic and industrious, conversant
-and familiar with all the details of the
real estate business, and deserves the
success he enjoys.

Real Estate, Stock and Bond Brokers,

W. E. FERRYMAN ct CO., successors
to Ferryman & Dearborn, real estate, stock
and bond brokers ; office, Alabama Na-
tional liank. — Among the active and
enterprising business firms whose ef-
forts conduce so largely to the welfare,
growth and prosperitj' of Birmingham is
tluit of W. E. Ferryman & Co., succes-
sors to Ferryman t*t Dearborn. This is
recognized as one of tiie leading firms in
the real estate busint*ss, and those who
are guided by the judgment and judicious
advice of W. E. Ferryman & Co. can
rely upon securing pi-o])erties that must
inevitably rise in value and prove re-
munerative investments. The business
was established in 188(3, and has con-
stantly grown in magiutude each month.
This firm offers the most substantial in-
ducements to capitalists in desirably
located business and residential prop-
erty in the city and suburbs, also lands
near in, by the acre, having a rapid pros-
pective value, and they also make a
specialty of negotiating loans on bond
and mortgage, and sell strictly on com-
mission the bonds and stocks of the
corporations which have become suc-
cessfully established in their midst. The
office of this firm is in the Alabama
National Bank building, a handsome
three-story brick structure 50 x 150 feet in
dimensions. Those persons desiring in-
formation, or wishing to transact any
business in their line, will find the most
polite and prompt attention. Mr. W. E.
Ferryman, the head of this firm, is a
native of Mobile, and has all the advant-
ages of a fine business e<lucation com-
bined with a wise foresight in all com-
mercial transactions. The gentlemen
connected with this enterjn-ise are men
of ability, experience and sterling integ-
rity, and are deserving of their marked
success.

Druggist.

J. W. HUGHES, corner Nineteenth
street and Second avenue. — The well
known and popular pharmacy of J. W.
Hughes, on the corner of Nineteenth
street and Second avenue, was established
in 1881. His stock is large, compris-
ing a complete assortment of drugs,
medicines, chemicals, toilet articles, pat-
ent medicines, perfumery, etc., enabling
him to supply readily and at fair prices
anything for which there is a ])ublic
demand.

The prescription department is under
his immediate control, his twenty years'

Birmingham.

113

experience enabling him to compound,
with accuracy and care, either physi-
cians' pre.scriptions or family receipts.

The business occupies a three-story
brick building, 25x80 feet, one of the best
furnished in the city.

Dr. Hughes joined the First Tennessee
Regiment Infantry, C. S. A., December,
1861, was afterward transfered to Ninth
Tennessee Cavalry, surrendered at
Gainesville, Alabama, May, 1865, and
returned home at Columbia, Tennessee,
before he had arrived at the age of 18
years, which makes him the youngest
man who was in the Confederate army,
and who was in active service the same
length of time.

Dr. Hughes was born in Mt. Pleasant,
Tennessee. He is a member of the
Masonic fraternity. Knights of Pythias,
and several other secret orders. During
his residence in Birmingham he has be-
come very popular with all classes of citi-
zens, and in his business has met with a
success surpassing his most sanguine
expectations.

He is a skillful and accomplished drug-
gist, and an agreeable gentleman, en-
dowed with fine business and executive
ability. He has been identified with the
drug trade for the past twenty years, and
is a thoroughly practical druggist and
theoretical pharmacist.

Lumber and Milling.

AVONDADE LUMBER AND MILL-
ING CO., Avondale, Aalbama. — There is
no more important business in any city
than a well-conducted lumber and mill-
ing establishment, and none of more
benefit to its citizens and the surround-
ing country. The well-known Avondale
Lumber and Milling Co. was established
on the 26th day of December, 1886. They
manufacture doors, door-frames, mold-
ings, laths, banisters, posts, etc., and
deal in all kinds and grades of lumber.
They are well prepared to do work at
liberal rates, as their advantages for se-
curing material are first-class, two of the
proprietors of the Company having been
in the lumber business for some years.
They employ twenty hands, and are
rapidly becoming noted for superior
work, their machinery being of the
newest and most improved make. This
Company employs skillful men as assist-
ants, and any orders left with them will
receive prompt attention. Mr. Peyton
G. King, President of the Company, was
born in Alabama, and his name is as
familiar as any in Birmingham or the

State, as being that of a man possessed
of the finest business capacities and
splendid public-spiritedness. S. P. King,.
General Manager of the Company, was
formerly employed on the Louisville 6c
Nashville Railroad, and then was in the
saw business at Steele's Depot, and at
Mobile, Alabama, on the Louisville &
Nashville Railroad. He now gives the
greatest possible satisfaction as Superin-
tendent of the above Company. Well
known and respected by all, possessing-
extensive business connections, and
always prompt and reliable, parties deal-
ing with these gentlemen will find their
rates as reasonable, and their work equal,,
to any done elsewhere.

Painters.

VEST BROTHERS.— The Vest Bros,
are the best artists in their line in the
city, having a very extensive trade all
over this portion of the country. These
enterprising gentlemen located them-
selves in Birmingham in 1886, and ever
since embarking in their enterprise liave
met with splendid success. They do a
general business of painting in every
sort of sign work, a specialty of the house
being fresco painting. Their premises
are admirably situated in the city, at the
corner of First avenue and Twenty-first
street, where they occupy the second-
story room. Fresco decorations, designs,
and the painting of public halls, churches,
and private dwellings are done in the
best manner, in all of which work they
are thorough and conscientious artists.

Mr. T. F. Vest, and his brother, Mr.
J. W. Vest, are natives of Alabama.
They have had a life-long experience in
this business, and, therefore, are thor-
oughly acquainted with all the details of
the business. They were educated in
the art at Cincinnati, Ohio. This house,
since its inception, has taken a leading
place. By the superb quality of their
work these gentlemen have made a meri-
torious success, as well as by the superi-
ority of their work and the faithful fill-
ing of all contracts.

Brokers in Grain, Provisions, Stocks and
Cotton.

STOCKTON & CO.— One of the best
houses in this city doing a large and
flourishing brokerage business is that of
Stockton & Co., established on January
1, 1888. The location of this enterprising
firm is at No. 2026 Second avenue, in the
center of the city. The business of

114

North Alabama.

Stockton & Co. from its very start has
been most favoral)le and daily increases.
An immense hrokerajiv hnsiness is done
in ^rain, iirovisions, stocks and cotton.
Orders for the purchase or sale of wheat,
corn, pork and short ribs in Chicago and
stocks and cotton in New York for future
delivery are executed with the greatest
promptitude.

The success of this comjiany is owing
to M. L. .Stockton, who is a veteran at
the business. This gentleman was en-
gaged for live years in Kansas City in
the same business, which he carried on
-with eminent success. He is a native of
Kentucky. By his energy and fine busi-
ness capacities, he has secured an envi-
able reputation for his firm, his experi-
ence being as ample as his facilities are
l»erfect. Business is promptly disposed
of by this firm and satisfaction guaran-
teed' The firm is an extremely enter-
prising one, and I\Ir. Stockton is a genial
and popular gentleman, specially quali-
fied for his line of trade, and has achieved
marked success.

Houiard College,

located at East Lake, one of the beauti-
ful and healthful suburbs of the city of
Birmingham, is the Baptist male school
of the ytate of Alabama.

The college is the property of the Bap-
tist State Convention, and is governed
by a Board of Trustees a]ipointed by this
body. The property and money sub-
scriptions belonging to the college are
valued at $200,000 and the gift of land
companies and citizens of the Birming-
ham district. The East Lake Land Com-
pany presented the college sixty acres of
land, on which the new buildings are to
be erected, and on which work is to begin
at once. The college was founded in
1843, and located at INlarion, in NV'est
Alabama. It l)elongs to the first rank of
Southern colleges. An endowment of
$150,000 was lost, as a result (^f the late
war between the States. By authority
of the State Convention, the college was
removed from Marion to its present loca-
tion, oi)ening its first session at East
Lake October 1, 1887, and matriculating
157 students. The new location is con-
sidered by the friends of the college to
be one of the best on the continent.

It is situated above the drainage of the
city, near a beautiful lake, on a splendid
eminence at the very foot hills of Red
Mountain, and supplied with abundance
of ])ure water. The school at present is
using temporary buildings, but work will

begin at once on a magnificent main
building, to cost $60,000, and other build-
ings will follow.

For the study of chemistry, metallurgy,
mineralogy, geology, mechanics and sur-
veying, the location alone presents un-
surpassed advantages. With Birming-
ham as its patron, its friends exi)ect for
it a wonderful career. Its halls are open
to all honest students ; no religious creed
is forced upon the students.

FACULTY 1887-88.

Thomas J. Dill, LL. T)., Professor of
Latin and Greek.

A.D.Smith, A.M., Brofessorof Mathe-
matics.

George W. INIacon, A. M., Professor of
Physics and Chemistr}'.

B. F. Giles, A. B., Professor of English.

1\. J. Waldrop, A. B., Professor of the
Preparatorv Department. •

Jno. P. Shaft'er, D.D., Financial Secre-
tary.

Thomas J. Dill, LL.D., Dean of the
Faculty.

Machinists.

THE LOMB & HERSHEY COM-
PANY, Twenty-first street, between
First and Second avenues. — Since the
establishment of this company, June 1,
1887, its success has been remarkable.
Its business has constantly increased
until it has become in its special line one
of the representative concerns of the
State. The spacious and well- arranged
warehouse is eligibh' located on a line of
railroad, thusafiording convenient trans-
portation facilities. This fact is a great
saving in the cost of handling goods,
especially heavy machinery, engines,
etc. The office is on Twentj' -first street,
between First and Second, and is fitted
up in attractive style. The otficei-s of
this Company are men of good business
re))utations. Mr. W. M. (Traham, the
President, is a son of Hon. E. I). Graham,
of Cartersville, Georgia. His fine exec-
utive ability, energy and business quali-
fications have secured for him highest
favors in commercial circles. Mr. G.
W. C. Lomb, the Secretary and Treas-
urer of the Com})any, has the double
advantage of lieing not only one of the
best financiers and business men, but is
a mechanical engineer of national repu-
tation. There is peihajis no expert in
the South who has more influence or
who is better authority on matters per-
taining to his profeasion than Mr. Lomb.
He is a close student, and has had more

Birmingham.

115

than twenty-three years practical ex-
perience, and has saved for his customers
who consulted his opinion thousands of
■dollars. Much of the success attained
by this Company is due to his efforts and
through liis knowledge of machines. Mr.
Xomb is also President of the Three
Rivers Coal and Iron Company, a notice
of which appears below. This Com-
23any makes a specialty of railroad sup-
plies, every style of engines, boilers, saw
mills, tools and equipments for foundries
and machine shops, woodvvorking ma-
chinery, cisterns and railroad water
tanks, brick machinery, hydraulic, poAver,
and hand elevators; church, school and
fire bells ; rolling mill and furnace ma-
chinery and supplies ; all kinds of plan-
tation machinery, implements, etc. This
firm claim to be the only house in the
South who sell uniformly at manufac-
turers' net prices. Don't pay more for
old machinery than they ask for new.
They are in the field to stay, and are
better prepared now than ever to serve
the public with promptness and on
reasonable terms. .

Coal and Iron.

THE THREE EIYERS COAL AND
IRON COMPANY.— This Company was
organized and charter issued January 7,
1887, when the following officers were
elected: G. W. C. Lomb, of the Lomb
& Hershey Company, President; S. A.
Ellis, Warrior, Alabama, Secretary, and
J. Brake, Warrior, Treasurer.

The Comjiany has about four thou-
sand acres of fine mineral lands located
twenty miles from Birmingham, on the
new projected Bessemer and Huntsville
Railroad. Three thousand and one hun-
dred acres of this property is coking
coal, seven hundred acres of brown and
red hematite ore, and two hundred acres
of limestone, all practically in one body.
The red iron ore assays 60 per cent,
metallic iron, and the brown ore 57 per
cent, with but a slight trace of phos-
phorus. This property is directly on
the line of the new railroad which will
be built this year. The property is a
valuable one, and will soon be either
placed on the market or developed by
the Company,

Groceries,

T. M. FERRYMAN, No. 219 North

Twentieth street. — This popular house

M^as established :March 22, 1887. It is

< one of the many fine grocery stores here,

and appeals strongly to public patronage.
The proprietor, Mr. T. M. Perryman,
keeps a large and well selected stock of
the choicest staple and fancy groceries
and everything pertaining to a first-class
grocery store. No better line of goods
in this line is kept in the city, and all
his goods have the name of being of fine
quality and underrate in price. The
storeroom is 18 x 50 feet in size.

Mr. Perryman was born in Munroe
County, Alabama. He was formerly in
the real estate, stock and bond business
in this city with his brother. The ef-
ficient manager, Mr. A. F. Medine, is a
native of Louisiana. Tliis gentleman is
thoroughly acquainted with all the de-
tails of the business, having had a life-
Ions; experience, and the success of the
house is due largeh^ to his superior man-
agement. These gentlemen, by paying
close attention to business and the re-
quirements of patrons, have built up a
large and prosperous trade, and have
won the confidence of the soinmunitv.

Hptels.

MAGIC CITY HOTEL, Morris avenue
and Fourteenth street, L. W. IMcCants,
proprietor. — Probably no feature of a
community is more conducive to a favor-
able impression among casual visitors
than that represented by hotel accom-
modations. In this respect the city of
Birmingham is especially favored, as
located in her midst are some of the
best to be found within the State, The
Magic City Hotel, located corner of ]\Ior-
ris avenue and Fourteenth street, was
opened during the present year. It is a
handsome frame building, three stories,
and contains fifty comfortable rooms,
well ventilated and neatly furnished.
Mr. McCants, a native of ^Yalterboro,
South Carolina, is the enter])rising pro-
prietor. Plis house is chiefiy for rail-
road employes, to whom he ofiers the
most reasonable terms. The hotel is
furnished throughout in exceeding good
taste and style, and equipjied with all
the modern adjuncts of safety and com-
fort. Mine Plost bears a splendid
character, and by aljle management has
secured a large and fast increasing cus-
tom. He is highly popular with the
patrons of the house, and contributes
much to its desirability as a home for
the traveling public. Mr. L. W. Mc-
Cants is the Master of Trains for the
Louisville & Nashville Railroad, and is
one of the most competent and efficient
men in the service. He came to the ser-

116

vice of this road in July,
1872, commencing as
trainman, and was soon
successively promoted to
brakeman and conductor.
Subsequently he was for
six years conductor ol'
passenger trains. In 18S-{
he was promoted again
to freight and ticket
agent and stationed ai
Decatur, and in 1880 wa.s
further promoted to Train
Master and transferred
to Nashville, and in Sep-
tember. 1887, lie was again
recalled to Birmingham
and made Master of Trains. He is a faith-
ful oriicial and deserves the success he
has won.

Provisions.

THE ROYSTER PROVISION CO.,

Twentieth street, opposite Union Depot.
— The business conducted by this Com-
pany is distinctive in its character, and
until established by them here last
spring (1888) was unknown to Birming-
ham. They are jobbers in provisions
and dealers in general packinghouse pro-
ducts, and since its commencement the
firm has become an important factor in
trade circles. The Company handles
only the choicest Sioux City, Iowa, meats.
Their meats are pure, fresh, and not
washed in any compound or mixture,
but are transferred directly from refrig-
erator cars to the Company's large re-
frigerators built specially for this pur-
pose. The location of the Company's
building is on the line of railroad and is
centrally located on Twentieth street,
opposite the Union Depot, and is fitted
up with all modern conveniences and
facilities. The articles handlwd comijrise
everytliing in the line of packinghouse
products, dressed' beef and fresh meats
of all kind being specialties. They deal
largely also in provisions, and sell only to
dealers. The scope of trade is large and
the business is rapidly extending
throughout this and the adjoining States.
A specialty of the house is shipping fresh
meats by express, and parties in adja-
cent towns are invited to correspond and
get prices. The dressed meats of the
Royster Provision Company come from
the finest stock raising district in the
world, being all choice corn-fed, and
killed and dresseil in the most scientific
manner by skilled butchers. Quotations
are given on all D., S. and S. C. meats in

NoKTH Alabama.

Magic City Hotel.

carload lots or less. They are sole and
exclusive agents in the Southern States
for Silverhorn &. Company, of Sioux
City; Lincoln, Nebraska, and Chicago,
and quote prices the same as can be ob-
tained at headquarters. They receive
hy telegraph the Chicago Board of Trade
quotations on ribs, lard and pork. Par-
ties needing anything in this line would
do well to telegraph or write them, and
to ascertain prices, as customers will
save money V)y purchasing from them.
Mr. N. C. Royster, the President and
Manager, is a native of Yazoo City,
Mississippi. He is a man of superior
business qualifications, of remarkable
energy, and sUmds high in commercial
circles and in the estimation of the public.

Gents^ Furnishings.

ROCKETT & BLYTHE.— The popu-
lar business house of Rockett & Blythe
succeeded the firm of Bates Bros, in 1884:,
and since that time has enjoyed a flour-
isliing trade in the city and tlie adjacent
country. From this establishment a
gentleman can supply himself with all
the necessaries for a stylish and neatly
dressed man. They have all the articles
and novelties for men's wear. The finest
gloves, handkerchiefs, scarfs, shirts, etc,
etc., are kept on hand. The tailoring
department is first class in every respect,
a perfect and satisfactory fit being guar-
anteed. The shoe and boot department
is a novelty in its way. Here you can
find n fit in either the cheapest or finest
goods.

This firm is composed of intelligent
and bonoralile business men, who thor-
oughly understand the art of pleasing
customers.

Both gentlemen are natives of Jeffer-
son County, and are popular and suc-
cessful.

Birmingham.

117

Insurance and Brokers.

ft:NOTT & DAUGHTRY, General
Insurance Agents and Brokers, Second
avenue. — The importance of Birming-
ham as a great financial and commercial
center cannot be more forcibly demon-
strated than by reference to her flour-
ishing insurance interests. The city
affords favorable openings for the use of
large capital in this line, and one of the
best firms of which it boasts in this con-
nection — one managed with signal ability
and sound conservatism — is that of
Messrs. Knott & Daughtry. The firm
was established in March, 1888. Their
offices are located on Second avenue,
between Twenty-first and Twenty-second
streets. This firm represents some of
the best, wealthiest and largest insur-
ance companies in the United States,
and can offer inducements to customers.
They take risks in both fire, accident
and life insurance, and pay and adjust
all losses or claims immediately. As
brokers they have special facilities for
obtaining daily market quotations. They
buy and sell stocks, bonds, ptc, on order.
A general fire, life and accident insur-
ance and brokerage business is trans-
acted.

Mr. Richard F. Knott, formerly of
DuMont & Knott, is a native of Ala-
bama. For some time he was assistant
cashier at the First National Bank of
Mobile.

Mr. Claude I. Daughtry was born in
Wetumpka, Alabama. He lived at
Opelika from 1870 to 1882, and attended
the Agricultural and Mechanical Col-
lege at Auburn from September, 1883, to
June, 1885.

Messrs. Knott & Daughtry are men of
prompt business methods. Their firm
to-day is regarded as one of the most
progressive in the city, and is a happy
addition to that strength and energy
Avhich is driving Birmingham forward to
a place among the sister cities of the
Union little imagined by her people a
few years ago.

Coal Tar and Products.

GEO. F. WHEELOCK.— Among the
specialties in manufacturing enterprises
that of George F. Wheelock, distille of
coal tar and products and manufacturer
of oxide paint, creosote stains, etc., and
dealer in roofing materials, is deserving
of special notice. For a long time the
tar produced in the distillation of coal
was not only considered of no value, but
entailed upon the gas works a large ex-
9

pense in its destruction or its removal,
and the utilization of this waste is of re-
cent origin. The office, sheds and every
requisite for the immense business are
located at the corner of Twenty-third
street and Avenue A, South. The firm
was established in 1887. The bulk of
the business is in producing pitch or
composition of different grades, as made
for use in roofing and in "painting of dif-
ferent kinds. The goods manufactured
by this firm have a reputation for excel-
lence excelled by nootlier makers in this
country.

I\Ir. Wheelock was born in New York
State, and is a son of the well-known
architect, Charles Wheelock, of this city.
Formerly he was extensively engaged in
the metal business.

Since establishing the business here
his firm has attanied great prominence,
no distiller of coal tar having better facili-
ties for handling raw material than that
of Geo. F. Wheelock.

Fine Confections.

THE BIJOU.— Among the confection-
aries in this city is that of Mr. Harry
E. Phillips, located at 2023 Second ave-
nue. This business was founded in
February, 1888. The store is well known
as '' The Bijou," noted for its fine con-
fections, creams, pastry, cakes, etc. .which
are manufactured of the best quality and
unexcelled in purity and flavor. The
store is beautifully lighted with electric
lights, and, by general consent, is
considered the prettiest store of
its kind in the city. There may be found
a delightful ice cream parlor, a specialty
of the house being Robin Jones Cream-
ery Company's celebrated ice cream.
Other specialties are Oakes' candies,
Arctic soda, etc.

Mr. Phillips was born in Huntsville,
Alabama. He worked for a time, before
embarking in his present enterprise, in
the Caldwell Printing Works. He is
to be congratulated on his success in his
new concern, which now is one of the
leading houses of the kind in the city.

Watches, Jewelry, Etc.

GLUCK & BLACK.— Not only in the
mineral district, but throughout our
prosperous State, we often hear the name
of two men, who, by their brilliant suc-
cess, now take a prominent and leading
stand in the jewelry trade of Alabama.
The business was started early in 1885,
by Mr. AVm. Black, a watchmaker o

118

North Alabama.

the Swiss school, who, by his sliill and
uprightness, soon gained a wide circle of
friends for himself. In March, 1886, be
was joined b^' Mr. Gluck, an excellent
jeweler of many years' experience, and
who is now known as the diamond ex-
pert of the well-known firm of Gluck &
Black. Their name has, by this time,
hecome a household word in many a
Southern home, and on many a clock or
fine piece of silverware the article re-
minds the beholder that it comes from
Gluck & Black, and consequently must
be tirst-clasH in every respect. As it
speaks well for the popularity of the
firm, it may also be added that in
September, 1887, they were ajipointed
watch inspectors for the South and North
Divisions of the Louisville & Nashville,
rendering in this capacity the most ef-
ficient services to all parties concerned.
Of accurately adjusted time-pieces they
have, in this part of the State, the largest
stock, and they have special facilities for
the most intricate repairing and rating of
fine watches. All such work, as well as
diamond mounting and other jewelry
work, is done on the premises, their
shop being on the top floor, right above
the salesroom, 2012 First avenue.

We close our sketch by saying Bir-
mingham may be justly proud of such
an establishment as that of Gluck &
Black's.

Insurance, Real Estate, Etc.

DUNN & PHELPS, Insurance, Real
Estate, Stocks and Bonds, Room 16,
Office Building, First avenue. — One of
the leading houses doing business in in-
surance, real estate, stocks and boni's is
that of Messrs. Dunn & Phelps, estab-
hshed in this city on the 1st of Decem-
bei-, 1888, and located at Room 16, Office
Building, First avenue. This firm, from
the day of its starting business, has done
well, and everything pertaining to in-
surance, real estate, stocks and bonds,
they give attention with all promptitude.
The collection of rents is a specialty.
This house succeeded Messrs. Dunn &
Cawthon. Mr. F. C. Dunn is a native of
Virginia. He formerly was connected
in a prominent way with coal mines.
Mr. Dunn was the first to set the Royal
Insurance Company into action in this
city. Mr. I. W. Phelps, his partner, was
born in Nansemond County, Virginia.
This gentleman was in business for ten
years in Virginia. This firm, through
its fair dealings and good business prin-
ciples, which have always characterized

it, is rapidly taking the lead in its lin§ of
business. Messrs. Dunu <& Phelps are
men of high character, and none stand
better in the community in any way
than they.

Tobacco and Cigars..

H. W. PERRY & CO., Tobaccos and
Cigars, Twenty-first street. — H.W.. Perry
& (Jo. are the most widely known tobac-
conists in the South, and supply the de-
mands of this section of the couJitry with
the finest grades of tobacco and cigars.
They are manufacturers' agents and
wholesale dealers only. They estab-
lished this business in 1883, and have
so successfully carried on their trans-
actions on strictly business principles
and honorable methods as tO' command
an enormous trade. Their business house
is athree-story brick, 30x100, onTwenty-
first street, and is regarded by the city
and surrounding country as being the
very best tobacco center in the place.
This firm is composed of H. W. Perry,
who is a native of Marion, Alabama,
J. J. Hooper, a native of Georgia,
but now residing in Selma, Alabama, who
is also engaged in the wholesale gix>cery
business with C. W. Hooper & Co., and
Samuel Perry, who was born in Marion,
Ala., and was formerly railroad agent
at Selma, Alabama. This popular firm
possesses the energy and stability of
three of the most successful business,
upright and honorable men of the times.

Real Estate Brokers.

GILMER & RENCHER.— Among the
many firms in the real estate business in
this city none stand higher or merit a
niore prominent place than that of
Messrs. Gihner & Rencher, who are es-
tablished in the Office Building, on First
avenue, and came to this city in the fall
of 1886. This firm does an enormous
business in real estate, buying and sell-
ing mineral, timber and pine and farm
lands in all quantities. They have lands
of every description in all sections of
Alabama, w'hich they sell at the most
moderate and reasonable of terms.

Mr. Gilmer was born in Lowndes
County, Alabama, where he was tax as-
sessor for the period of seven years, and
where he farmed for a considerable time.

Mr. Claude B Rencher, also, was
born in Lowndes County. He was en-
gaged in teaching for the greater portion
of his life.

Everything in connection with the rea'

Birmingham.

119

■estate business is attended to by this
firm with the greatest promptness. By
the exercise of great commercial ability,
■combined with a straightforward system
•of business, the firm of Gilmer et Eencher
has attained a prominence accorded to
few in the great commercial world.

Produce and Commission.

J. SHAHAN. A well-known and

prominent house in its particular branch
of commercial activity is that of Mr. J.
Shahan, established in 1884, and located
on Morris avenue, between Twenty-
second and Twenty-third streets. Mr.
Shahan is a wholesale produce and com-
mission merchant, and does a large
business throughout Alabama. The spa-
cious and commodious warehouse is
built of brick, is three stories in height
and 25 x 82 feet in dimensions. Everything
necessary for the advantageous hand-
ling and display of stock is in the ware-
house, and large consignments of pro-
duce are daily received from the im-
mense outside patronage.

Mr. Shahan is a native of Tennessee,
and has resided in this State seven
years. He is an able and most enter-
prising business man. He keeps several
salesmen busy in tlie interests of his
business. He is justly popular in com-
mercial circles as an amply qualified and
conscientious business man, and deserv-
edly enjoys the confidence and esteem
of all with whom he is brought in con-
tact.

Liuery Stable, Etc.

TROUSDALE & SONS, First avenue,
between Twenty-first and Twenty-second
streets. — A well-equipped and well-con-
ducted livery establishment is an im-
portant acquisition to the business and
pleasure facilities of any community,
and in this connection we mention the
popular establishment of Trousdale &
Sons' livery, feed, and transfer stables,
located on First avenue, between Twen-
ty-first and Twenty-second streets. This
business was commenced by the present
firm in 1887, and subsequent to that
time has been flourishing.

The premises consist of a brick build-
ing 100 X 140 feet in dimensions, and is
fitted up with all the modern conve-
niences, every facilit}'^ being at hand for
conducting the business. First-class
single and double teams, also saddle
liorses, are furnished at liberal rates.

Special attention is given to boarding

stock, and teams for traveling men are a
specialty.

Prompt attention is also given to mov-
ing furniture. This is one of the largest
stables in the city, and enjoys a very
liberal patronage.

W. F. Trousdale, Sr., was born in
Lauderdale County, Alabama. He has
l)een identified with the present business
for many years, four years of which have
been successfully spent in Birmingham.

W. F. Trousdale, Jr., was also born in
this State. He has always been in this
business, and shows by his skillful man-
agement that he merits the success which
has crowned his efforts in this enter-
prise.

These gentlemen are model business
men, of whom any community would feel
proud.

Machinery.

MINNEGERODE & ELLERBE, 2017
First avenue. — Among the standard es-
tablishments of this city is that of Min-
negerode & Ellerbe, dealers in railway
supplies, pig iron and machinery. Their
large warehouse is on Avenue A, near
Seventeenth street. They are agents
for some of the best manufacturers in
the country. As agents of the New
Albany Rail Mill Company, they carry a
large stock of light rails, weighing 8, 10,
12, 16 and 20 pounds per yard. They
also carry the largest stock of railroad
spikes in the South and supply all of the
roads centering here.

This firm is also the exclusive agents
of the I. G. Brill Car Company, of Phil-
adelphia, whose cars are known every-
where for their superior qualities.

Another very valuable agency which
they have is the Erie Iron Works,
whose engines and boilers are deservedly
very popular.

They are also the agents for the Knox-
ville Car AVheel Company, not only for
their wheels, but for their hoisting
engines, steam hammers, cupolas, etc.
They have most desirable agencies for
wire rope, belting, shovels, picks, cotton
waste, and a full line of supplies, which
they carry in stock. They are large
shippers of pig iron, coal and coke, and
have customers in every Southern State.

They are always ready to name the
lowest price for any weights of steel rails,
and will pay cash at all times for old iron
rails or scrap iron of any kind. They
are prompt and reliable business men.
Their office is 2017 First avenue.

120

North Alabama.

Fish, Oysters and Game.

]\r. MULLER, 208 Twentieth street
North, and 216 Twentieth sfi-eet Soutli.—
The importance of getting the best and
freshest lish, oysters, game, bntter, and
other commodities vvhicli form so import-
ant a part of onr food, is recognized by all.
One of the most reliable and cheapest
places at which tliese can be obtained is
the well-known honses of M. Mnller,
situated at No. 208 Twentieth street
North, and 216 Twentieth street South
Side.

]Mr. Muller is a native of Charleston,
South Carolina, where he was engaged
in the hay and grain trade. He estab-
lished his house in Birmingham Novem-
ber 1, 1886, and has since done a large
■wholesale and retail trade, selling to
dealers in all the towns within a radius
of seventy miles of this city.

He is a gentleman of energy, industry
and superior business cajiacity in every
■way.

Buying, as he does, from the best deal-
ers and in large quantities, and having
ample capital, he possesses advantages
which enable him to sell at the lowest
prices. His fish, oysters, game, butter,
etc., etc., are always fresh, and kept in
refrigerators winter and summer.

Dealers throughout the Stale can find
no better house with which to open cor-
respondence, and we bespeak for his
business a liberal patronage.

Bakers.

OZANNE & TAYLOR, opposite post-
ofhce, Nineteenth street. — The promi-
nent and well-patronized bakery con-
ducted by Messrs. Ozanne & Taylor,
although established as recently as
April, 1887, has attained a success and
popularity rarely excelled.

The building in which their large busi-
ness is conducted is a four-story brick
20x100 feet, and located directly oppo-
site the postoffice on Nineteenth street.
The firm are the largest manufacturers
of bread in the State. Their- celebrated
milk bread, which is made of purest Jer-
sey milk, is universally popular.

They supply this famous bread to Bir-
mingham, and all i)arts of Alabama and
adjacent States. This bread originated
with this house, and is regarded by con-
sumers the best and purest made.

The firm are also manufacturing a fine
line of every variety of fancy candies, in-
cluding as a specialty, caramels, choco-
lates and hand-made creams. These
goods are pure, jtlid made fresh daily,

and are guranteed to give satisfaction to>
all. The firm employ eighteen hands^
and have a large patronage, which is.
daily increasing. They sell at retail to
customers only who visit the store, and
to merchants principally in wholesale-
lots.

Captain Ozanne is a native of France^
and a man who is esteemed and resi)ect-
ed universally. He was formerly in the-
printing business in Nashville, in which
city he now owns a fine bakery in part-
nership with Mr. Taylor.

The latter gentleman is a native of
Nashville, and until coming here was-
with the Nashville' house. He has the
management of the business here, which^
under his direction,, has grown to large-
proportions.

The firm are conversant with every de-
tail of the business, and fully deserve-
the succe!<s their energy and thrift have-
achieved.

Confections.

JOHN MANEGOLD, 214 North Twen-
ty-first street. — This fiourishing business-
was established by John jManegold Feb-
ruary, 1888, and from that date the busi-
ness has been most successful. The
premises occupied are most eligibly
located at 214 North Twenty-first street.

Mr. Manegold is a manufacturer of
fine confections, and does an immense
business, retail and wholesale, in foreign
and domestic fruits and nuts. He is
agent for show cases and candy jars, and
none better can be gotten in the citj'-
than at this store. Among other things
he manufactures are Boston chips, nut
chips, butter cups, wafers, caramels^
fruit tablets, nougets and bon-bons. Alt
goods fresh everj' day.

An aflable and experienced saleslady-
is always to be found ready to serve cus-
tomers.

Mr. Manegold is a practical manufac-
turer of 7 years' experience. His success
since he has been in this city being a
substantial index of his enterprise and
business capacity.

Baliery.

HEINS & ROTHENHOFFER, Pro-
prietors, 2027 Second avenue. — The Ex-
celsior Bakery at 2027 Second avenue, is
all the name implies. Since its establish-
ment in 1886, by Mr. J. E. Heins, it has
attained a well-merited degree of public
favor, owing to the general excellence of
the merchandise handled, and the aea-

Birmingham.

121

sonable prices at which the confectionery
iind other food products can be obtained.
Here may be found everything to tempt
the palate, and the most fastidious taste
cannot fail to be satisfied with the varied
assortment of bread, cakes, confections,
candies, etc., etc. All goods are fresh,
no stale stock being worked off on custo-
mers.

Mr. Heins. the affable proprietor, is a
native of Macon, Georgia. Previous to
removing to this city he was engaged in
the same business in New York, Phila-
delphia and Boston, under the best con-
fectioners, and came liere to build up a
first-class trade, and furnish the people
with everything in his line.

Both Messrs. Heins and Rothenhoffer
are men of tact and enterprise, and by
rendering themselves popular they have
made their store one of the most "attrac-
tive resorts in Birmingham.

Staple and Fancy Groceries.

BOGGAN & THORNTON, Third ave-
nue and Twentieth street. — The grocery
business is the most important of all
mercantile pursuits, and we make no
apology for giving so much of our space
to the merchants engaged in this partic-
ular branch of commercial activity.

There are to be found in tliis city
many neat and attractive stores and en-
terprising merchants, and among the
test is the jxjpular and well-known
.house of Boggan & Thornton, on Third
-avenue, between Twentieth and Twenty-
first streets.

The business was established in 1886,
and from a sniall beginning lias grown to
large proportions. The storeroom is a
handsome one, and the goods neatly and
tastefully displayed. The stock is fresh,
large and varied, and embraces every-
thing in the line of staple and fancy gro-
ceries, such as sugars, coffees, teas, flour,
.syrup, canned goods, etc., etc. Delivery
wagons stand at the door ready to de-
liver purchases to any part of the city
free of charge.

Messrs. Boggan & Thornton sell low
and are satisfied with a small margin of
profit. There is no article in the line of
fine and fancy groceries, or table delica-
•cies that cannot be procured at their
place. The policy of this firm is to
please and satisfy"^ their customers, and
how well they have succeeded is attested
by the popularitv of the house.

Messrs. M.M. Boggan and T. F.Thorn-
ton are natives of the " Emerald Isle."
.and .since their residence in the United

States have won a remarkable success.
They are self-made men and deserve fully
the success they have achieved. In
commercial circles they stand among the
best.

Tailor.

GEO. D. SCOTT, 2028 First avenue.—
In 1886, Mr. George D. Scott, a native
of Wisconsin, established his business in
this citv. He is located at No. 2028 First
avenue", between Twentieth and Twen-
ty-first streets, where he has attractive
premises.

He does a large business as a merchant
tailor and custom clothier. On his
shelves can be found a full line of im-
ported and domestic suitings of all the
latest styles of fabrics. Wedding outlits
are specialties, and in this respect Mr.
Scott never fails to give every satisfac-
tion. The manufactory is at 300 Canal
street. New York. A specialty also is
made of fine clothing and business
suits.

Mr. Scott is an acknowledged expert in
the business, having had. a life-long ex-
perience. He has been the architect of
his own fortune, and fully deserves the
success that has crowned his efforts.

Job Sliop.

W. N. COBB, Twenty-first street,
between First and Second avenues. —
The city job shop, though estab-
lished in 1887, is one of the most com-
plete and best patronized establishments
of the kind in Birmingham. Here is
done all kinds of shelving, and is made
the handsomest and most unique coun-
ters in the city, store fixtures of all kinds
being a specialty. He employs the
finest workmen, and can guarantee their
work will give entire satisfaction.

Lumber.

BAKER & KIRKLAND, Room No.
2, Office Building.— The ottlce of Messrs.
Baker & Kirkland, wholesale lumber
dealers, is centrally located at room No.
2, Oftice Building.

Specialties are rough lumber, siding,
flooring, shingles and laths. The busi-
ness, which is daily increasing, extends
throughout the entire State and the
West.

The members of the firm are INIessrs.
H. C. Baker and G. P. Kirkland.

Thev receive a large and liberal pat-
ronage, which they fully deserve, being

122

North Alabama.

energetic and capable business men.
They are highly esteemed in the com-
munity for their sterling sooiul and busi-
ness qualities, and thoroughly deserve
the signal success which has crowned
their well-directed management of the
enterprise in hand.

The firm will quote prices of lumber,
etc., in carload lots, and guarantee to
duplicate the orders of any other deal-
ers.

Resort.

LAKEVIEW HOTEL.— One of the
largest and finest hotels known in the
State is without doubt the Lakeview
Hotel, which, together with the mag-
nificent park and grounds surrounding, is
the property of the Ely ton Land Com-
pan3% and which is and has been so
ably managed by Linscott & Davids
Tile hotel was first thrown open to the
public on the 12th of July, 1887. The
present proprietors took charge April 1,
1888. The l)uildingis an imposingframe
structure 60 x 250 feet in extent. The
site on which the hotel is located is an
elevated one overlooking the beautiful
Lakeview Park and Lake. This hotel is a
rendezvous, especially during the sum-
mer, for the elite of the city and of
all parts of the South. It is as cool in
summer as any place to be found in this
region of the country. There are seventy-
two rooms in this superb establishment,
and sixty adtlitional rooms will l)e ready
this summer. The hotel will accommo-
date three hundred and twenty guests —
one hundred and eighty in the main
building, and one hundred and forty in
the new wing. The interior arrange-
ments are unsurpasBed. The dininghall
is roomy and capacious, while the parlors
are equally elaborate and beautiful. A
large ballroom is provided for use of
guests, as also are billiardrooms. The
entire hou.se is lighted by plectric light,
and is supplied with electric bells, and
is heated throughout by steam. The
cuisine of this house is known far and
near for its excellence. French cooks
are employed, and all meats served are
from New York. The Park consists of
one hundred acres and has delightful
conservatories. The fine jiavilion and
skating rink, and lake, which is well
su})plied with boats, are run in connec-
tion with the hotel. Mr. Linscott w^as
formerly the manager of the Hotel
Brunswick of Boston, and for fifteen
years in the hotel business. ]\Ir. Davids
Avas seventeen vears in the hotel busi-

ness, and is from Providence, Rhode
Island. These gentlemen are genial and
possess sterling qualities and fine busi-
ness capacities, and it is mainly owing to
their superior management that this
hotel has flourished with such unabated
vigor, for they are the right men in the
right place.

Real Estate and Insurance.

JAS. A. GOING, Roden Block, Rooms.
8 and 11. — A prominent and represi^nta-
tive firm in its special line is that of Jas.
A. Going, real estate and insurance
agent. His offices are centrally located
in the Roden Block, Rooms 8 and 11.
The business has been estaldished a
number of years, and Mr. Going has had
much experience in the handling of
properties. All descriptions of city and
suburban realty are bought, ■ sold" and
rented. He has for sale, also, several of
the choicest tracts of coal, iron, and tim-
ber lands now in market, which promise
profitable development.

In the insurance department standard
companies only are represented, and
risks are placed on all insurable property
and losses promptly and satisfactorily
adjusted.

Mr. Going is a native of Alabama, and
came to this city in 1872. He was at
first engaged in merchandising for sev-
eral years, in which he met with his
usual success.. His ])atrons are among
the most influential business men, and
his able management has secured for
him the confidence of the community as
a reliable and honorable business man.
Mr. Going has associated with him in
the fire insurance business Dr. .Ino. C.
Wilson, a gentleman widely and favor-
ably known.

South Anniston Land Company.

The material improvement in this
section of the country and the attraction
of capital to this city are mainly due to-
reliable business firms, who, through
their minute acquaintance with real
estate matters, attract investments and
capital to this beautiful city.

The South Anniston Land Company,
established in 1887, is one of the repre-
sentative business firms in real estate-
matters, having a capital of $750,000.
This corporation possesses the most val-
uable kind of land to be found anywher
in this State for residence purposes as
well as for mining purposes at Anniston
Citv. Four hundred and eighty-five acres-

Birmingham.

123

of the finest suburban and mineral prop-
erty are unsold. The Directors of the Com-
pany are well-known men. Messrs J. D.
Kirkpatrick, Jr., C. J. K. Ingram, D. F.
Constantine, J. I.. Morgan, R. T. Arm-
strong, John B. Roden, and F. G. Smith.

Mr. F. G. Smith, President, was born
at Nashville, Tennessee. He has been
engaged for some years in the steamboat
business, and belongs to the cotton buy-
ing firm of Smith <k Coughlan, Office
Building, Birmingham.

Mr. Louis S. Frierson, Secretary and
Treasurer, is a native of Memphis.
Their office occupies a part of the second
floor in the Office Building, their com-
modious apartments affording the best
facilities for prompt transaction of gen-
eral and private business.

Architect.

JOHN SUTCLIFFE, Oflice Building,
2017 First avenue.— An important branch
of professional industr}' is tliat so ably
represented in this city by Mr. John Sut-
clifte, architect, which profession has, in
all countries, and at all times been a
most laudable one.

The offices are eligibly located in the
Caldwell-Milner building, 2017 First ave-
nue. He has achieved an enviable rep-
utation since settling in this city, Jan-
uary, 1887, and has carried through to a
successful issue many important con-
tracts for the planning of public and
private buildings, and is prepared to
promptly furnish plans and specifications
for every description of buildings, in-
cluding city and country residences,
stores, warehouses, mills and factories,
churches, schools, etc. Some of the
finest architectural work in this vicinity
attests to his superior handicraft. The
handsome building of the Carolina Com-
pany at Bessemer was designed and
built by this gentleonan. His estimates
and computations are always accurate,
and he is careful not to exceed the limit
of expense set by the owner.

jNIr. Sutcliffe was born in Lancashire,
FiUgland, and has been in America
scarcely over one year. He was in this
profession while in England, and was
also in Government service in Admiralty
Portsmouth. He studied in Manchester
Grammar School, and Government
Schools of Art, South Kensington, Lon-
don. He is an acknowledged authoritj'
in his profession, having commenced the
active practice in 1S64, and is widely

known as a practical architect of talent
and originality.

He is a gentleman highly esteemed in
city circles, and popularly cons-idered as
a prominent local exponent of his pro-
fession.

Artificial Stone Company.

Office, 2103 First avenue. — In giving
an authentic history of the business
interests of Birmingham and her capa-
bilities for supplying the demands made
upon her by the surrounding country,
we must not omit mention of the exten-
sive artificial stone interest as conducted
by the above Company. The Alabama
Artificial Stone Company was estab-
lished in March, 1887, and the excellent
stone brought into use by it has been of
late in the greatest demand in and
around Birmingham, wherever building
has been going on. Many of the finest
stone houses in the city bear witness to
this, with such success that the ordi-
nary observer is always deceived, and
cannot distinguish this beautiful patent
from real stone. The stone of the Com-
pany is made of the finest sand, cement
and chemicals. The beauty of their
patent is that it contains about the same
qualities as nature provides for real
stone.

Mr. E. J. Acosta, Jr., the President of
this enterprising Company, is a native of
Savannah, Georgia. He formerly ran the
largest wholesale cracker and candy
manufactory in Savannah, namely, that
of Acosta & Einstein.

]Mr. John Douglass, Secretary and
Treasurer of the Company, was born and
educated in Savannah, where he form-
erly was bookkeeper in his father's
Crocker}^ store. The most scant observer
will easily see that the above gentlemen
are men of great enterprise and persever-
ance, and the past prosperity of Bir-
mingham is due largely to the enter-
prises of such men, and the future
growth of the city as well must depend
upon them.

Builders' Materials.

FALLS & MADDEN.— Among the

important enterprises of Birmingham
the establishment of Falls & Madden,
on Morris avenue, between Twenty-
second and Twenty-third streets, dealers
in stone, cements, lime and all builders'
materials, is one of the most prominent
and successful. The enterprise was es-

124

North Alabama.

tablished in May, 18S7, and the growth
of the trade of this firm has been almost
phenomenal.

They are very conveniently located for
their large trade. The large, three-story
"brick building, 50x80 feet in dimensions,
ds entirely occupied by this tirm. A
number of experienced hands are em-
ployed, and the energies of the firm are
■constantly directed toward supplying the
best in their line at the lowest possible
prices, and their stock is always first-
class, and can be depended upon, entire
satisfaction being always assured in all
their dealings.

Mr. H. J. Falls is a native of Canada ;
was formerly engaged in business in
Detroit. Mr. Falls is a gentleman of
wide business experience, and is an
authority in all branches of the enter-
prise he is now engaged in. He is a
member of the order of Masons, and is
highly respected in both commercial and
social circles.

Mr. R. J. Madden is a native of Mid-
dletown, Ohio. Before coming to Bir-
mingham he was connected with the
American Express Company, and also
the Western Union Telegraph Company,
and for some time held the position of
stenographer to Mr. li. F. DeBardeleben,
formerly Presidentof tlie Berney National
Bank. He is an accurate and careful
business man and highly respected and
esteemed asaleader in commercial circles,
and has won a position among the fore-
most business enterprises of the city.
Those having business dealings with this
firm will find them always prompt and
reliable, and their large and growing
patronage is unquestionably deserved.

Wholesale Grocers.

Molester & VanHOOSE.— An im-
portant branch of commercial activity,
and one deserving of special mention m
this review% is that of the grocery trade,
a leading and representative exponent of
which is the extensive wholesale house
of McLester & VanHoose, corner of iM or-
ris avenue and Twenty-first street. The
firm succeeded J. jM. "Maxwell & Co. in
1881, and for the past seven years have
steadily grown in public favor.

The building is among the most com-
modious in Birmingham, being nearly
one hundred feet square and two storie"s
in height. The location is most advan-
tageous, as it is directly on the line of
railroad, thus saving the expense of load-
ing and hauling goods.

The stock is large, varied and complete.

embracing fresh staple and heavy grocer-
ies, consisting in part of sugars, coffees,
teas, canned goods, provisions, in
short, all articles usually found in a
wholesale grocery establishment. Their
jirices are as low as the lowest, and coun-
try merchants will consult their interest
by calling on JNIessrs. McLester &. Van-
Hoose. Orders are promptly filled and
satisfaction guaranteed. Tlie scoj^e of
their trade is extending yearly, and has
for several years past assumed large pro-
portions.

The individual members of the firm
are Alabamians, coming to this city from
Tuscaloosa. They are thoroughly ac-
quainted with the business, and know
the wants of customers, as is evidenced
by their long and successful experience.
An intimate knowledge of groceries,
such as they possess, enables them to
ofler inducements to custolners not easily
duplicated.

The house is a strong, reliable one, and
both Mr. INIcLester and Mr. VanHoose
rank deservedly high in commercial
circles.

Wholesale Merchandise Brokers.

CAWTHON & KEID.— Among the
active and enterprising firms of Birming-
ham is that of Messrs. Cawthon & Reid,
wholesale merchandise l)rokers, with
headquarters at Room IG, Ofiice Building,
First avenue. The l)usiness was estab-
lished in the year 1887. The firm is
composed of Messrs. J. C. Cawthon and
Wm. H. Reid, who have, from the date
of its establishment, met with marked
success. It is one of the representative
firms in its special line. A general brok-
erage business is done, the firm repre-
senting large houses in every section of
the country.

Mr. Cawthon is a native of Tennessee.
He formerly traveled for a wholesale
grocery house of jfl-ominence in New
Orleans.

Mr. Reid was born in Vicksburg, Mis-
sissippi, where for many years he was
engaged in the brokerage business.

Messrs. Cawthon & Reid are widely
and favorably known in commercial
circles. The firm is one of the most re-
liable in the city.

Staple and Fancy Groceries.

T. F. DALY.— Among those in the
staple and fancy groceries bu.siness we
must include Mr. T. F. Daly as among
the representative class. This thriving
business was established in January,

Birmingham.

125

1888, and from the first has met with
fine success. The i:)reuiises occupied are
brick, two stories, and 22 x 40 feet, and
■well arranged for conducting the busi-
ness and properly displaying the stock.
' The location is 1 803 Fourth avenue. A
^general line of staple and fancy groceries
is carried, including teas, cofiees, spices,
canned goods, grocers' sundries, fresh
meats, vegetables, fruit and everything
usually found in a first-class grocery
house. Fresh choice butter and eggs are
specialties.

Mr. Daly was born in Ireland. For
many years he has lived in Mississippi.
He bears an excellent character, and all
who know him appreciate his efibrts to
please.

Jewelry.

PAUL CALAME, No. 2016 First

.avenue. — At the handsome and attract-
ive jewelry establishment of Faul
Calame, located at 2016 First avenue,
may be found displayed a full and varied
assortment of jewelry of all descriptions,

'an assortment which, in extent, is supe-
rior to that found in many places claim-
ing more. Besides this large array of
jewelry may be found a splendid stock
of fine gold and silver watches, clocks,
solid and plated table ware, spectacles,
etc., all of which can be supplied to
purchasers at the lowest prices.

This establishment was founded l:)y the
present proprietor in 1887, and its snb-

-sequent prosperous career is indicative
of an able and popular management.
The well-arranged salesroom is fitted up
■with all modern conveniences, and the
stock displayed is large, comprehensive
and complete.

Mr. Calame possesses a genius unex-
celled b\' any in the profession, and as to
his ability as a repairer, which he makes
a specialty, he acknowledges no superior,
doing nothing but first-class work and at
the lowest prices.

He was born in AVenfchatel, Switzer-
land, and was formerly in business in
Herman, Missouri, for ten years. He is
highly esteemed for his many sterling

•qualities, and is numbered among Bir-
mingham's most highly respected busi-
ness men.

Carpenter,

R. T. MARK HAM, 2208 Second ave-
nue. — There are few industrial enter-
prises of this city whose relations and
• enterprises are of more significance than

that of the carpenter, and among the
more prominent we find Mr. R. T.
Markham, a native of P^ngland, at 2208
Second avenue. The business of this
most enterprising gentleman was estab-
lished in December, 1887, and he has
from the start met with success. He
occupies a large shop as well as an exten-
sive yard and shed rooms, which con-
tain everything requisite for the busi-
ness. All work in the way of carpenter-
ing, repairing, stove fitting, etc., is
attended to especial attention being
given to private dwellings and resi-
dences, jol)bing and repairing.

Mr. I\hirkham came to this country in
1868. He is enterprising and industrious,
his shop being well equipped for doing
all kinds of business in his line. The
promptness and etficiency with which all
contracts are filled warrant the asser-
tion that no more (lesiral)le establish-
ment can be found with which to open
negotiations.

Boots and Shoes.

S. BERNSTEIN, 2106 Second ave-
nue. — The well-stocked Mammoth Shoe
House of Sol. Bernstein, located at 2106
Second avenue, was founded in 1886.

He occupies a two-story brick building
25x85 feet. It is fitted up most attract-
ively, and lighted by electricity at night.

iSlr. Bernstein, by close attention to
business, and a thoroughly practical
knowledge of the business, has estab-
lished a large trade.

He displays a choice and desirable
stock of boots, shoes, "etc., for men,
women and children, all of the best
quality, latest styles, and sold at the
lowest prices, at wholesale and retail.

Since Mr. Benistein has been in busi-
ness in this city, he has secured great
public favor, and been highly com-
mended for the best stock of goods, re-
liable work, and most fashionable styles
to be found in Birmingham. He was
born in Mobile, Alabama, and was form-
erly traveling salesman for H. Bernstein
in Mobile. Having been connected with
no other business his experience enables

126

North Alabama.

him to meet the wants of the public, and
his gentlemanly bearing has secured for
him a tine class of custom. He has been
rewarded for his industry and attention
to business by a steady and lucrative
trade.

Groceries.

R. C. HARRIS & COMPANY, cor-
ner Eighteenth street and Third avenue.
— A well-known and reliable house in
the fine groceries is R. C. Harris & Com-
pany, located at the corner of Eighteenth
street and Third avenue.

This business was founded November,
188G, having grown gradually from that
date to its present fine proportions. The
storeroom occupied is well arranged for
the purposes for which they are used,
of brick, two stories high, and 30 x 50 feet
in extent.

The stock consists of a full hue of fine
groceries, provisions and country pro-
duce.

R. C. Harris & Company have a
splendid city trade, which is constantly
on the increase.

Mr. R. C. Harris is a native of Ten-
nessee, as also is his brother, Mr. D. T.
Harris, the junior member of the firm.

They are engaged in the general mer-
chandise business at Silver Creek, Ten-
nessee, where they are doing prosper-
ously. Their success has been gained
by strict attention to the wants of their
patrons and the enterprise displayed in
all their business transactions.

fish, Etc.

OTTO SEEMANN & BRO., No. 219
Nineteenth street, between Second and
Third avenues.— Among the recent ad-
ditions to the commercial establishments
of this city is that of Otto Seemann &
Bro., established in 1888.

The house occupied is located at 219
Nineteenth street, near the corner of
Third avenue.

The Messrs. Seemann are natives of
Alabama, and are thoroughly conversant
with all the details of their business.
They own several large fisheries in
Alabama and Tennessee, whence they
obtain fresh and saltwater fish and oys-
ters in large quantities. Game in sea-
son is always on hand. A large whole-
sale and retail business is here done.

Otto Seemann & Bro. are practical busi-
ness men, full of energy and enterprise,
and since settling in business here have
taken rank and enjoy an extended busi-
ness acquaintance throughout the city.

Photographer.

J. H. SHEPHERD.— Since this busi-
ness was established by the present pro-
prietor, it has enjoyed a liberal patronage
from the best classes of society, in con-
sequence of the excellence and fidel-
ity of the photographs and portraits
executed. The rooms Mr. Shepherd
occupies comprise neatly furnished apart-
ments, and the light, accessories and
appliances are perfect, enabling him to
produce worji in the highest style of art.
No studio in the city is more eligibly
located than this one at 1910 Second ave.

Mr. Shepherd has made this business
the study of a lifetime, having taken it
up when only a boy. He was born in
Georgia, and "for many years has been
actively engaged in business as a photo-
graphic artist. At one time in Missis-
sippi, and traveling through difierent
States, he followed the sanie vocation.

With the advantage of such wide ex-
perience and long and careful study, INIr.
Shepherd well deserves the reputation
he has gained as a leader in his line of
busines.s. Prompt and always reliable ^
in every particular, he has won a liberal
patronage and the respect and esteem of
all with whom he is brought in contact.

Candy Manufactory.

H. C. ERMINGER, 1905 Second ave-
nue. — Among the deservedly successful
business enterprises of this city will be
found that of Mr. H. C. Erminger,
candy manufacturer. He was established
in 1885, and is located at 1905 Second
avenue. The factory is equipped with
all the latest improved appliances and
facilities known to this important de-
partment of trade.

Mr. Erminger has a large wholesale
trade. His house is noted for the abso-
lute puritv of the candy made. Purity
is the main essential to be attained in
the uianufacture of confections, and Mr.
Erminger, by scrupulous observance of
this important feature in his business,
has always enjoyed a liberal and sub-
stantial patronage. Employment is given
to a number of hands and the trade— espe-
cially the wholesale— is growing rapidly.
The machinery used is the newest and
best in make.

Mr. Erminger was born in Georgia,
and educated in Ohio. He has been in
the business many years, and is thor-
oughly conversant with every detail of
his extensive business, and fully
deserves the success that his energy and
enterprise have achieved.

Birmingham

127

Glassware, Tinu-are, QueensLvare, and
Crockery.

BENNIE & BROPHY, 1909 Second
avenue. — This firm is one of the most
successful in its Hne in the city, and for
seven years has enjoyed a reputation
consistent with its trade.

Messrs. Bennie & Brophy are import-
ers of. and wholesale and retail dealers
in foreign and domestic China, cut and
pressed glassware, queensware, lamps,
and a full line of stoves ; also a com-
plete line of housefurnishing goods,
W'ood and willowware and flower pots, in
fact, everything kept in such an ejstab-
lishment. Parties visiting this city who
are in need of anything in this line
should give them a call.

The premises are, at 1909 Second ave-
nue, admirably arranged and cfpiipped
with every convenience for the display
of their stock. They make specialties of
all the small useful articles needed in
housekeeping. Their stock of stoves
deserves special mention, for it embraces
several of the best makes sold. These
goods are warranted to give perfect satis-
faction.

Sinclair Bennie was born in Carroll-
ton, Kentucky, and reared in Nashville.
He is a young man of fine business
ability, energetic, and worthy of the suc-
cess he has attained.

His copartner is Mrs. Brophy. his
mother, who represents in the firm the
interest of her husband, now deceased.

The firm thus constituted is a strong
one, and. enjoys a liberal patronage.
They sell for cash at the lowest prices,
and as to fair treatment and honorable
methods refer to their numerous custo-
mers throughout the State.

Jewelry.

MINERAL CITY AUCTION AND
COMMISSION HOUSE —An iaiportant
business enterprise, and one that has
met with success is the " Mineral City
Auction and Commission House " of I.
Epstein at No. 14 North Twentieth
street. This house has met with well-
deserved and substantial support and
encouragement from the good people of
Birmingham. He makes a specialty of
repairing watches and gives a guarantee
equal to any.

Mr. Epstein makes a specialty of
watches, plated ware and optical goods.
Parties can have their eyes tested free of
charge ; also have fitted to the eye the
best glasses made.

Mr. Epstein succeeded Mr. Stollen-
werck, the druggist. He is a native of
Germany, and is a Mason, Odd Fellow
and Knight of Pythias.

His wife, who assists him, is from Hol-
land, and is a refined and educated lady.

Architect.

J. W. McCLAIN, Room 3, Watt's
Building. — The increase of patronage in
the mechanic arts and the love of the
beautiful has naturally incijeased the
demand for artists of the highest perfec-
tion in skill of design and execution, and
especially is this true as relates to the
needs of architecture. It is a matter of
the greatest importance to secure the
services of a thoroughlj' competent and
experienced architect in the erection of
every building, great or small.

Mr. J. W. McClain, a native of Indi-
ana, was established in business in
March, 1888, and received his education
in Indiana. His experience of many
years, not only as an architect, but also
as a builder, has fitted him for the re-
sponsibilities of this most exacting of all
the art sciences, and the structures which
he has designed stand as evidences of his
superior skill.

Mr. McCIain's office is Room 3, Watts
Building. Pie is a gentleman of fine
standing, and one possessed of ability to
conduct his business in a manner that is
a credit to the i^rofession.

Sewing Machines.

THE NEW HOME SEWING MA-
CHINE COMPANY. -The sewing ma-
chine business is efficiently represented
by the New Home Sewing Machine
Company, located at No. IIG Nineteenth
street.

128

North Alabama.

The Birmingham branch oflice of this
celebrated Company was establislied
January, 1887, and a large business has
been transacted. The sewing machines
kept at the distributing depot of this
Company are of the most reliable manu-
facture. They are sinqtle, well-con-
structed, light, strong, and built on scien-
tific and mechanical princi])les. It would
indeed be superfluous to enlarge upon
the merits of tiie " New Home " Sewing
Machine in this work, for they are too
widely known and a]>[)reciated througli-
out the length and ])readtli of the land
to need further cunimendation of their
merits at our iiands.

Mr. W. .J. Pearce, a native of Colum-
bus, Georgia, is the affable manager for
this district. He iiossesses fine business
capacities and sterling qualities, and it
is due to his careful management and
enterprise that the Company has done
so well in this portion of the country.

Flour, Hay and Grain.

W. E. NEAL & COMPANY, 224
Twentieth street. — Among the leading
establishments in this city is that of W.
E. Neal & Company, located at 224
Twentietl* street. This flourishing bus-
ness was established l)y the present pro-
prietors in 188(5. The "stock of supplies
is large and complete, and includes flour,
liay and grain. All that is constantly on
hand in Mr. Neal's house is of the "best
quality and can be bought at low prices.
The premises occupied by them are con-
veniently located in the business center.

Mr. Neal started the first exclusive
flour trade in this city, and has never
failed to do a large wholesale and retail
business.

He is a native of Mississippi, and was
educated in Illinois and Philadelf)hia.
He is well-known and respected by his
large circle of friends, enjoying the' con-
fidence of the community.

Flour, Hay and Grain.

B. D. WHILDEN, No. 313 North
Twentieth street. — Conspicuous among
tlie best known and tnost popular busi-
ness houses located on the busy thor-
oughfare of Twentieth street is the
flourisliing wholesale flour, hay and
grain establishment of B. D. Whilden,
the successor to Thos. G. Simpson &
Company.

Tins house was founded in May, 1888,
by the present proprietor, and is justly
regarded as representative in character.

The stock of supplies is always complete,
and can be bought at moderate prices.

]\Ir. Whilden has been in business in
this city five years. It will be to the
interest of those who wisli anything in
this line to give him a call, he being
known as one of the most rcsi>onsible
and trustworthy merchants in the city.
The store is a two-story brick building,
25 X 80 feet in extent, and the warehouse
on the Belt Line is 80x100 feet, fitted
up with every convenience?

Mr. Whilden is an honorary member
of the Birmingham Guards, Zouaves
and Rifles. -He is highly esteemed for
his sterling social and business quali-
ties, his success being but the natural
result to promote the same to the best of
his abilities.

Harness and Saddles.

CORBETT BROS.— The saddle and
harness trade of the city is an important
industry, and so well represented in Bir-
mingham that no city in the State out-
ranks it. Among those that operate in
this line is the house of Corbett Bros.,
which was established February 7, 1887.

Messrs. Corbett own another house at
Nashville, Tennessee, where they do a
large business.

At their store can be found a large,
well-assorted stock to select from, em-
bracing, with the variety of harnesses,
saddles, collars and bridles, a full line of
horse equipments in general, and such
goods as are usually found in a live,
well-conducted store of the kind.

The store is located at No. 1914 Second
avenue

Mr. Eugene Corbett and his brother,
Mr. F. Corbett, are natives of Nashville.
The former was formerly in the luird-
■\\are business in Nashville.

Besides doing a large business here,
thev carry on a fine business in Nash-
ville.

They keep horse clothing of all de-
scriptions, and make sj)ecialties of
Whitman saddles, whijis, lashes, stir-
rui)s, Iniggy, coach and dray harness, jowl-
hoods, sulky whi]ts, race and trotting
bits, new and elegant styles of road and
track harness, all of which they always
have on hand or make to order.

Nothing is allowed to leave the man-
ufactory without critical examination.
They are Southern agents for Whitman
Saddle Company, J. Fennell's Cynthiana
Boots, J. 11. Fonton's Boots and Toe
Weights, and XitcheU's Liniment.
With a name established for giving

Birmingham.

129

honest and fair representation of all
goods sold, they have sustained the
good name given them from every part
of the State.

Clothiers and Gents' Furnishers.

BLANK BROTHERS, No. 2112 Sec-
ond ayenue. — This model clothing and
gents' furnishing estahlishment is one of
the most noticeable on Second avenue.
Although opened but one year and a half
ago, it has become the acknowledged
source of supply for a large number of
the people of Birmingham and vicinity,
and of the county generally.

The stock is full, comprising the most
stylish and best ready-made clothing in
the market, suited to all tastes and pur-
poses ; gents' furnishing goods of every
descriplioii, including novelties in
styles and patterns, hats and caps,
satchels; boots and shoes, trunks,
umbrellas, etc., selected with care in
order to please the tastes of their
customers and secure to them the value
of their money. Minimum prices are
obtained at this store, and satisfaction is
assured.

Having the advantage of location on
Second avenue, in a three-story brick
building, the commodious storeroom,
25x140 feet, is further enhanced in at-
tractiveness by the perfection of its ap-
pointments and the tasteful display of
goods.

Messrs. Blank Bros., the proprietors,
are Bavarians by birth. They are mem-
bers of the National Union and other
orders. Energetic and re])resentative
merchants, they merit the success which
attends them.

Family Groceries, Etc.

R. H. WOODWARD & COMPANY.—

This reliable establishment is located at
1908 Avenue D, South Birmingham.

Succeeding Lee Grant February, 1887,
they have taken the front rank among
successful grocery enterprises of the city.
The store is entirely occupied by Wood-
ward & Company. By reason of their
sterling worth and honorable business
methods, their trade has become an im-
portant factor in the large aggregate of
the business of this flourishing trade
center.

Choice teas, coffees, sugars, syrups,
condiments, canned goods and delicacies
of every description are to be obtained
here at minimum prices, and fullest con-
fidence in the quality of merchandise,

and the integrity of the firm is abund-
antly justified.

For family groceries one cannot find a
more reliable establishment than that of
R. W. Woodward & Company, telephone
374.

]\Ir. Woodward, the senior member,
is a man of superior business ability,
and liked by all who know him.

The other partner of this responsible
firm is L. A, Smith, a native of Tennes-
see, and a farmer until coming to Bir-
mingham in 1887. He is accounted in
trade circles a gentleman of rare busi-
ness qualities and indomitable energy.

The wholesale trade of the house ex-
tends to New Orleans, New York, Nash-
ville and other cities, having unlimited
facilities for their extensive business,
their trade is being steadily increased
and extended in all directions.

Dry Goods, Groceries, Etc

T. S. WOODS —It would be a difficult
task to name any branch of business
the activity of which is any greater than
the grocery and dry goods trade. Promi-
nent among the best known and most
reliable wholesale and retail dealers of
this city is T. S. Woods, who, for the
past twelve years, has been supplying
and gratifying his long list of customers
with every article essential to the palate
and the eye.

By his genialtj' he has won a large and
influential trade. He occupies a spacious
two-story brick building, 25 x 110 feet, at
2019 Second avenue. The stock carried
embraces a full assortment of all goods
found in the grocery and dry goods de-
partment. His specialties are leather
goods, and he also buys cotton, paying
the highest cash prices.

Mr. Woods is a native of Virginia,
Albemarle County, and came to Alabama
just after the war. He was among the
first settlers of Birmingham, and assisted
in surveying the city, at that time being
connected with the Elyton Land Com-
pany.

For fourteen years he has been engaged
in merchandising, and is the oldest mer-
chant in the city. He is esteemed in
both social and business circles, and is
too well and favorably known to need
comment at our hands.

Carpets, Furniture, Etc.

HERMAN HERZFELD.— This estab-
lishment is fitted up with special refer-
ence to a proper display of the large and
well-selected stock which is carried.

130

North Alabama.

This house has a large trade. The trade
is not confined to this particular locality,
but extends throughout a large scope of
territory. There are a number of depart-
ments, each of which deserve special
notice.

First — Carpets, of which there is an
endless variety and every grade of tex-
ture.

Second — Oil cloths and mattings to suit
all tastes, in both quality and price.

The comfort, blanket and mattress de-
partment is complete.

The lace goods are unique and artistic
in design and quality.

The stock embraces every variety of
household furniture, from the plainest
kitchen chair to the finest and most
costly parlor and chamber sets, library,
office furniture, etc.

Each department gives employment to
a number of competent and experienced
employes.

Mr. Herman Herzfeld is a native of
Germany ; is a member of the Order of
Knight Templars; was formerly a clerk
at Selma, Alabama, where he was held
in the highest esteem. He posseses many
good qualities, which make up the model
business men, and has shown himself
fitted to preside over all the details of his
large establishment.

Photograph and Art Gallery.

A. L. BLANKS.— Of late years great
progress has been made in the art of
photography, and in the work of the
foremost photographers one can see
specimens which seem to be the very
perfection of art, for it would appear that
there is no room for improvement. To
visit a first class and well appointed
photographic gallery of the present day
is to visit an artist's studio that affords
scarcely less interest than would an art
gallery where only the work of the great
masters are exhibited.

The truth of this would be fully ap-
preciated were the reader to visit the
art rooms of Mr. A. L. Blanks.

This representative photographic house
will be found at 2014 Third avenue,
Drennen Block.

Mr. Blanks established himself in busi-
ness here March 15 of the present year
(1888), and has fitted up a suite of rooms
that for taste, comfort and attractiveness
are unsurpassed by any similar establish-
ment in the State. If in the arrange-
ment and fitting up of his rooms, Mr.
Blanks had in view the comfort, ease and
entertainment of his visitors and patrons,

he has certainly accomplished his object
admirably. The reception i)arlor is the
front room on the second floor, and is a
model of its kind. Here are displayed speci-
mens of his work taken at his "Memphis
and Vickburg galleries. His o])erating
room, on the third floor, was built ex-
pressly for the fine finishing of pictures,
and this, as well as all his apartments, is
a model of good taste in all its appoint-
ments. The light is simply perfect, the
roof being so constructed as to give the
best possible efi'ect from early morning
until late in the afternoon. The scenery
he uses as background was painted ex-
l»ressly for him, and is very pretty and
appropriate. Adjoining the operating
room are the necessary finishing apart-
ments, all of them carefully fitted out
with the best appliances.

Mr. Blanks has studied every possi-
bility of making his a model of what the
perfect gallery should be, and he has
reason to feel a glow of satisfaction as he
looks around him. As an artist, Mr.
Blanks is at the head, and his work is
his own best recommendation. Where-
ever exhibited his pictures have won the
highest praise from judges and connois-
seurs of art. A gold medal was awarded
him at the New Orleans Exposition. In a
word his work is equal to that of metro-
politan artists.

Mr. Blanks has another fine gallery at
Vicksburg, and formerly also had one at
Memi)his, Tennessee.

He is a gentleman of sterling character
and of fine business qxialifications. His
business is not only creditable an<l bene-
ficial to the city, l)ut also one that re-
flects credit on him, and which bids fair
to be the largest enterprise of the kind
in this section of the South.

Printing.

WINKLEY PRINTING WORKS,

2014 Second avenue. — An important es-
tablishment is that of the Winkley
Printing Works, located at 2014 Second
avenue. This business was established
by Mr. R. C. Winkley, a native of Jack-
son, Mississippi. The works are located
in a three-story brick building, 25 x 60
feet, and the equipment includes all the
latest and best improved methods and
appliances, operated bj- steam power.
Several hands are given employment,
and the work turned out, which com-
prises job printing of all kinds and sta-
tionery work, has a standard repu-
tation for artistic excellence.

Birmingham.

131

'^^^^^!^^^^f^^W§:%?'-^^^^7:

The Brunswick Hotel.

GEO. B. NASH, Manager, Nos. 301
and 303 South Twenty-fourth street and
Avenue C. — No doubt one of the most
comfortable hotels in this city is " The
Brunswick," which was established in
October, 1886.

The location of this house is admira-
ble, at Nos. 301 and 303 South Twen-
ty-fourth street and Avenue C.
Everything in this hotel is first-class. It
is the cheapest house in the city, and has
thirty rooms, which are neatly furnished
and 'equipped with all the modern
adjuncts of safety and comfort. There
are accommodations in this hotel for
seventy-five guests, and the diningroom
will seat eighty people. The house is a
panel building three stories high. The
best of food is served, under the direct
supervision of the Manager. Dinners
and suppers are gotten up and served in
private diningrooms for parties.

Mr. Geo. B. Nash, a native of Boston,
is the proprietor. He is eminently fitted
for the position, liaving been in the
hotel business for not less than twenty-
five years. Mr. Nash bears a fine char-
acter, and deserves in every way the suc-
cessful patronage he has had.

Boots and Shoes,

EICH & BIEDERMAN.— The hand-
some and well-stocked boot and shoe store
of Messrs. Rich & Biederman, located on
Twentieth street, Bank Building, was
founded in 1880, and by a thoroughly
practical knowledge of the business this
firm has established a trade equal to that
of any other house in the city.

The stock comprises a full line of
men's, boys', ladies', misses' and child-
ren's boots, shoes, gaiters, slippers, etc.,
also a full line of rubbers. This stock is
acknowledged to be one of the best in
the city, and it will be to the advantage
of the citizens to call and examine.

The salesroom is fitted up in elegant
style, and has all the conveniences of a
modern store.

Messrs. Rich and Biederman w^ere born
in Hungary. They represent that class
of men whose business qualities, sturdy
integrity and thrift have marked them
in this the country of their adoption as
desirable citizens. They have established
an enterprise of which they may justly
feel proud.

Fruit and Produce.

BUTTERFIELD FRUIT AND PRO-
DUCE COMPANY.— Prominent among
the mercantile enterprises of Birming-
ham is the Butterfield Fruit and Produce
Company, located at 415 Twentieth street,
between'Fourth and Fifth avenues. The
house was established on the 1st of
February, 1888, by its present proprietors,
who are wholesale dealers in and receiv-
ers of foreign and domestic fruit and
produce, butter, eggs, poultry, etc. The
company has direct connection with the
largest importing houses at C'harleston,
South Carolina, and New Orleans. The
premises occupied are convenient in
location, frame built and 25 feet square.
This firm makes returns weekly with
check for all shipments. The scope of
trade is a wide one, extending throughout
the city and surrounding towns, Oxmoor,
Pratt Mines, Gate City, etc., etc.

Mr. L. A. Butterfield was born in
Charleston, South Carolina. He was
ticket agent and telegraph operator for
fifteen years in a hotel in that city.

Mr. S. F. Keller, manager, w-as born
near Charleston. He is a Free Mason.
He has had a life-long experience in the
business.

Messrs. Butterfield and Keller are men
of fine business qualities and of excel-
lent standing, and are public-spirited
citizens, who take an active interest in
the advance of this growing city.

132

North A.labama.

Watches and Jewelry.

M. T. GRAHAM.— Of the business
houses in this line we notice particu-
larly that of M. T Graliam, practical
Avatchniaker and jeweler, who estab-
lished himself in 18S1, and has achieved
an enviable reputation amoufj: the best
classes of the community. He carries
a full and complete stock of elegant
goods and makes a display of fine watches
and rich jewelry, clocks, silverware, etc.
He also makes a specialty of repairing
watches and jewelry, which are war-
ranted by experienced workmen. The
premises are advantageously located on
Twentieth street, between First and Sec-
ond avenues.

Mr. Graham was for thirteen years in
the jewelry business in the city of Nash-
ville, Tennessee, and is still interested in
real estate in that city. He is an ener-
getic and capable business man, highly
esteemed in all circles.

Druggist and Chemist.

H. E. KLEIN.— A well-known and
popular drug store is that of H. E. Klein,
at 322 South Twentieth street. The store
is located in a desirable and well-modeled
frame building, 28x85 feet in size and is
one of the best conducted stores in the
city.

This firm has a large stock of all kinds
of drugs and chemical supplies. All
modern appliances to secure accuracy
have been utilized. The stock is well
selected, and, by always keeping the
purest of medicines on hand and con-
stantly devoting his personal attention
to the business, he has merited his well-
earned success.

Mr. Klein is of German descent, but
was born in South Carolina. He did
business in New York City for seven
previous years to opening here He has
built a large patronage, which is steadily
growing.

Laundry.

KIERNAN'S STEAM LAUNDRY.—

The establishment kept by this well-
known gentleman is one of those which
has met with popular favor. The Kier-
nan Steam Laundry is conducted on
high principles, and, in consequence,,
commands a patronage that is most de-
sirable. The laundry, since the date of
its inception, has, under the able guid-
ance of ]Mr. Kiernan, steadily grown into
favor with the puhlic until it has reached
the splendid business at present trans-
acted.

The location ol the laundry is on Sec-
ond avenue, between Twenty-third and
Twenty-fourth streets. All the machin-
ery used here is of the most improved
and latest make.

Mr. Kiernan is a man of fine presence,
splendid character and good business
abilities, and by exempklry conduct in
all business matters has won the respect
and esteem of his fellow citizens.

Real Estate, Stocks, Bonds and Insurance.

DEARBORN & CO.— One of the most
favorably known firms lately established
in this city is Dearborn & Co., real estate,
stock, bond and insurance brokers. The
firm succeeded Deai-born &Chapin, which
was established on the 1st of February,
1888. Owing to the fact of their ex-
perience of several years in all matters
relating to real estate, stocks, bonds and
insurance, they have transacted a fine
business, which gives them by right a
prominent standing among the leading
business men of the city. The location
of their office is in the center of the city,
at 2007 First avenue, between Twentieth
and Twenty- first streets. A specialty of
this firm is the collection of rents.

Mr. A. R. Dearborn is a member of the
Stock Exchange.

They have the best of references — the
First and Berney National Banks of this
city. They are capable business men,
whose success has been well deserved.
Their integritj^ and fair dealing have pro-
cured them the unlimited confidence of
the business community.

Boiler Maliera, Etc.

CRELLIN & NALLS, Avenue C and
Twenty-second street. South Side. — The
machine shop and boiler works of Messrs.
Crellin & Nails was established at Avenue
C and Twenty-second street, South Side,
on the 1st of April, 1888, they being the

Birmingham,

133

successors to H. A. Briggs & Company,
and of Briggs & Denis. The premises
are well appointed, being 50 x 100 feet in
dimensions. Messrs. Crellin & Nails are
boiler makers on an extensive scale ; also
copper and sheetiron workers. They
repair chimneys and tanks, and do re-
pairing of all kinds, mine and furnace
work being a specialty of this enterpris-
ing firm.

Mr. Crellin is a native of New Orleans,
and Mr. Nails is from Montgomery,
where he was in the building business
for seventeen years. Their establish-
ment is one of the most complete in the
city, and since commencing they have,
by the superior quality of their work
and honestly keeping their contracts,
built up a large patronage.

Dry Goods and Millinery.

PARISIAN DRY GOODS AND MIL-
LINERY COMPANY, 2030 First avenue.
— Conspicuous among the most prom-
inent millinery establishments of this
city is the Parisian Dry Goods and Mil-
linery Company at 2030 First avenue,
established September, 1887. A large
retail business has been done by this
house from the day of its opening. The
premises occupied are 90 x 100 feet in
dimensions, of brick, and two stories
■ high. There is to be found on hand the
best assorted stock of the latest novelties
in imported dress goods and millinery.
Ladies' dress suits, hats and bonnets are
made to order and invariably with per-
fect satisfaction. Bridal trousseaux are
specialties. All that is handled is of the
best quality and is moderate in price,
all of the very fine line of goods having
been selected with the greatest care.
Mesdames E. Reinach and B. Summers,
the proprietresses of the firm, are natives
of Germany. They are ladies of superior
taste and thoroughly understantl their
business, having shown the finest tact
and skill in the management of this ex-
tensive enterprise.

Groceries.

FOWLKES & MY ATT, 216 Twentieth
street. — One of the most reliable grocery
houses here is Fowlkes & Myatt. This
house was established October 1, 1887,
and is fast gaining an enviable position
which must be a matter of pride to the
proprietors and their friends. The store
is 216 Twentieth street. North Side. They
carry a stock of fine staple and fancy
groceries, comprising home-canned goods,
10

jellies, teas, coffees, sugars and othe
staple and fancy groceries in endless
variety. The line of groceries is as
choice as can be found anywhere, and it
is for this reason that the above firm are
so liberally patronized.

Mr. S. P. Fowlkes, a native of Marion,
was formerly in Selraa for a period of six
years as partner of the large wholesale
grocery establishment of R. C. Keeble
& Company. Mr. M. A. Myatt, also a
native of Marion, has resided nearly two
years in this city. These enterprising
business men are always to be found at
their pleasantly located place of business.
Parties transacting business with the
firm will find them accommodating, and
gentlemen who know how to conduct
their own particular line of business in a
manner that is a credit to the trade.

Dispensing Pharmacists.
C. C. BROOKS, Pharmacist, No.
2110 Second avenue, between Twenty-
first and Twenty-second streets. — In
June, 1886, Messrs. Brooks & McKibben
formed a copartnership and established
themselves in the drug business at their
present establishment, 2110 Second
avenue. Both members of the firm are
thoroughly skilled in accurate and
careful compounding of prescriptions
and give their personal supervision to
this department. The store is a hand-
somely furnished apartment 25x80 feet
in size. Here may be found a large and
complete assortment of pure, fresh drugs
and chemicals, fancy and toilet articles,
stationery and druggists' articles in gen-
eral.

Messrs. Brooks & McKibben are
natives of Georgia, and since their final
location in Birmingham have become
identified with the most respected and
prominent business men here. They
are successful and popular merchants.

Dr. McKibben has lately retired from
the firm.

Watchmaker and Jeweler.

A. SPEAKER, Watchmaker and
Jeweler, Second avenue, between Nine-
teenth and Twentieth streets. — This at-
tractive store is one of the features of
Second avenue, one of Birmingham's
busiest thoroughfares. Established in
1872 its growth has been one of uninter-
rupted prosperity, and is now one of the
important mercantile enterprises of the
city. Eligibly located it is a model in
its completeness and appearance.

Mr. Speaker is a native of Germany,

134

North Alabama.

and with characteristic national thrift
he has applied himself studiously to the
details of every branch of his business
until he has become an artist in his
chosen work. The stock of diamonds,
jewelry, clocks, watches and silverware
is large and complete, and in its selection
is shown that skill and taste which are
only displayed and acquired by life-long
experience and thoughtful study. A
great advantage the proprietor has over
many others is that having always been
in the same work he has made a study
of it, and is thoroughly master of the
watchmaker's trade, and is an expert
workman. Mr. Speaker offers substan-
tial inducements to the trade. He is
always first in the newest, artistic styles,
and can readily meet the varying taste
of the public at large. A repairing de-
partment is attached, in charge of expert
workmen, and in all lines he can please
the most fastidious.

Fruit and Produce.

E. WAGNER.— One of the more re-
cent commission houses here is the es-
tablishment of Mr. E. Wagner, jobber in
fruit and produce. His warehouse is
most conveniently located at 314 North
Twentieth street,'being a frame building,
two stories high and 25x50 feet in di-
mensions. Mr. Wagner does an enorm-
ous business in fruit and produce, in
buying and selling at wholesale. His
business from the 1st of September, 1887,
has increased daily until it has reached
its present large proportions.

Mr. Wagner is a native of Germany,
and left lus native shores when a boy of
nine. He is a fine business man, and
possesses special adaptness for his line of
business. Since establishing himself he
has been identified with the interests of
Birmingham in a prominent way.

Liuery.

C. M. BOLDEN & COMPANY.— The
well-known and reliable livery of C. M.
Bolden & Company, of 1912 and 1914
Fourth avenue, between Nineteenth and
Twentieth streets, was established the
1st of December, 1887, and since this
period has occupied a prominent posi-
tion. C. M. Bolden & Company are the
successors of Baird, Morris & Company.
These stables are well known in the city
as the "Kentucky Stables," and keep
some of the best horses and finest turn-
outs in the city. The establishment is
large, being 50 x 190 feet in dimensions,

having been entensively enlarged, is of
brick and two stories high. The stock is
first-class and complete, embracing every-
thing required in a first-class livery
stable. Twenty horses are kept regu-
larly, as well as fifty boarding horses,
and to the latter special attention is
given. Carriages of every kind are fur-
nished and special arrangements made
for driving by the month. Their patron-
age is an extensive one, embracing the
wealth and fashion of the city. Mr. C.
M. Bolden, of Nicholasville, Kentucky,
is a native of Bourbon County, Ken-
tucky, and his partner, Mr. F. E. Baird,
of Lexington, Kentucky, is a native of
Harrison County, Kentucky. They are
Free Masons. Mr. Bolden was formerly
in the hardware business in Nicholas-
ville, and Mr. Baird in the insurance
business. They are clear-headed busi-
ness men, good managers, and have built
up a large patronage.

Druggists arid Pharmacists.

J. E. ELLIS & COMPANY.— There
are no members of the pharmaceutical
profession in this city who are more
widely known or highly esteemed than
Messrs. J. E. Ellis & Company, whose
place of business is located at 2015 Sec-
ond avenue. They have been identified
with their present vocation for many
years, and have a thoroughly practical
experience. They occupy an attractive
and commodious store. The stock com-
prises a varied and complete assortment
of fresh drugs, medicines, chemicals,
toilet articles, patent medicines, etc.
They also make a specialty of the cele-
brated "Ellis' Magic Liver Pills." With
this choice stock they are enabled to
supply readily anything for which there
is demand. The members of the firm
are Messrs. J. E. Ellis and Y. P. New-
man. Both gentlemen are natives of
Alabama. They possess, the highest
standing in commercial circles, and
rank among tlie most successful busi-
ness men of Birmingham.

Groceries and General Merchandise.

W. S. BROWN, 2013 and 2015 Second
avenue, between Twentieth and Twenty-
first streets. — Of the most important
branches of business that of dry goods
and groceries ranks first. These indus-
tries have an experienced representative
in W. S. Brown, who is successor to
Hood & Brown, of which firm he was a
member for ten years. He established

Birmingham.

135

business for himself in 1882, and during
the time following has built up a perma-
nent and influential trade. He has
two fine two-story brick stores 50 x 80
feet. In one of these stores he carries a
full and complete assortment of staple
and fancy dry goods of imported and
domestic manufacture. This line of
goods cannot be excelled in any respect.
The other store he reserves for groceries,
etc., of which he carries a choice stock.
His thorough-going enterprise and in-
tegrity is well known among the citizens
of Birmingham, and he is known in
financial circles to be one of the '' solid "
'business men of the city.

Mr. Brown was born in Jefferson
County, Alabama, and deserves the
tighest commendation for his energy
and business ability.

Beer.

THE PHIL. SCHILLINGER BREW-
ING COMPANY.— The above well-
known brewery — the only one in the
State of Alabama — was established in
1884. This fine establishment fills a long-
felt demand, prepared, as it is, to export
the celebrated Schillinger pure lager beer
in kegs and bottles and to sell to the
trade at manufacturers' prices. The
Phil. Schillinger Brewing Company has,
moreover, every facility to keep its beer
in a cool and fresh condition, ready for
shipment to any part of the States upon
receipt of orders, as well as making
prompt delivery to all parts of the city.
The one aim of this company is to manu-
facture the finest and purest of beer.
The plant of this extensive brewery is
140 X 400 feet (covering, at least, half a
l)lock). It has a capacity of 25,000 to
/30,000 barrels, and has three ice machines,
with a capacity of 70 tons Thirty hands
are employed.

The President is Mr. Phil. Schillinger,
a native of Germany, whilst his sons,
August, Louis and Erwin, are natives of
Louisville— treasurer, manager and
.superintendent, and secretary, respec-
tively.

Mr. Phil. Schillinger is a Mason, an
■Odd Fellow, and a member of the Knights
of Honor and Knights of Pythias. He
formerly resided in Louisville, where he
was in the baker's business, after which
lie conducted the Louisville Phojnix
JBrewery — the largest there.

Mr. Aug. Schillinger was employed in
•the Phoenix Brewery, of Louisville,
-where he learned all the details of the
Ijusiness.

Mr. Louis Schillinger is a practical
brewer, having been in the same busi-
ness at Louisville, and is thus eminently
suited to his present position — that of
manager and superintendent.

Mr. Erwin Schillinger was also engaged
in the Phoenix Brewery. Like his
brothers, he has been familiar with the
brewery business since his early days.
He has sole control of the bottling works
run in connection with the brewery.

It will thus be seen that all the mem-
bers of this enterprising company are
thoroughly acquainted with the details
of brewing, which, in every way, is
worthy of the splendid success it has at-
tained.

Drugs and Chemicals.

DR. T. A. KLEBS, Druggist and Chem-
ist, Twentieth street and Fourth avenue.
— In writing the descriptive accounts of
the business interests of Birmingham
the list would be incomplete did we not
make especial mention of the many
popular and attractive drug stores, and
notably among them that of Dr. T. A.
Klebs. This store opened its doors to
the public in 1887, and even though
young as compared to similar stores in
the same line. Dr. Klebs' drug store is
among the best patronized and popular
stores of the kind. All the prescriptions
are under his careful supervision, and
by his gentlemanly demeanor and cour-
teous manner the doctor numbers his
friends by the score. He is a native of
Germany. Being a regular practitioner
he can be consulted any time at his
store, on North Twentieth street.

Furniture.

G. A. STOWERS, 1714 and 1716 First
avenue. — One of the best known houses
in this line is the one whose name ap-
pears at the head of this article.

Mr. G. A. Stowers, a native of Georgia,
established his business in 1886, and oc-
cupies a building 30 x 70 feet in size. Mr.
Stowers does a large business in furni-
ture, Union sewing machines, stoves,
clocks, trunks, mirrors, chromos, etc.,
which are sold for cash or on install-
ments, as parties may desire. He is
thoroughly conversant with all the de-
tails of his business, and since his estab-
lishment has been very successful — a
deserved compliment to his energy and
industry.

136

North Alabama,

Dry Goods.

D. A. CHILDS & C:0.— The largest,
most complete and popular dry goods
house of Birmingham, or, indeed, the
State, is D. A. Childs & Co.

The tirm first threw their doors open
on the 20th of February of the present
year (1888), and in the four short suc-
ceeding months have taken the lead in
all respects, scoring a success beyond
their most sanguine expectations. Messrs.
Childs & Co. occupy the beautiful three-
story IMcAdory building, at 2011 First
avenue, which extends through the
square to jMorris avenue on the iSouth.
The main storeroom is by far the hand-
somest, best lighted, largest and most
conveniently arranged in the city, and is
specially adapted by its admirable ar-
rangements for this particular line of
business. In the center of the building
is an oval arcade, which extends through
the several stories, and which, with the
high ceiling, ornamented shelving and
tastily-arranged stock of drj^ gootls and
novelties, makes a pleasing efi'ect, un-
surpassed in this city by any similar
establishment. The first floor is the re-
tail department, and here may be found,
in endless profusion, foreign and domes-
tic dry goods, notions, novelties, etc.,
etc. In short, every article usually found
in a first-class dry goods establishment.
The stock is varied and complete. No
shoddy goods are carried, and i)rices are
as low as similar houses in Nashville,
Atlanta and New Orleans.

On the second and third floors are the
departments devoted to the wholesale
trade, which is rapidly assuming large
proportions.

In addition to the regular stock an un-
usually large and tasty line of carpets is
carried, embracing all kinds and a great
variety of patterns, which are sold to
customers at both wholesale and retail.

Mr. D. A. Childs, the senior member
of the firm, is a native of New York, but
came to this city, liowever, from Michi-
gan. He has been in this business many
years, and has mastered it in all its
branches. He is an active, affable and
popular man, and has made many friends
since his short stay in this city.

Mr. C. E. Payne, his partner, M'as born
in Illinois. He has lived many years in
California. Mr. Payne is a civil engineer
by profession and an able and ex-
perienced railway Ijuilder and manager.
It was he who was mainly instrumental
in building the Mexican Central Rail-

way. He was the first general manager
of the system.

Both members of the firm are valuable
accessions to Birmingham, and are men
who merit fully what they are receiving —
the fullest measure of success.

Wholesale Grocer and Commission.

C. S. SIMMONS.— One of the oldest
and most reliable houses in Birmingham
is that of Mr. C. S. Simmons, which dur-
ing a term of years has gained and main-
tained a position which is a matter of
pride to himself and his friends. Mr.
Simmons' business was established in
1885. It is most conveniently located
on Morris avenue and the Louisville &
Nashville Railroad track. It is a com-
modious three story building, and ad-
mirably situated for the wholesale grocery
business.

Mr. Simmons is a native "of Webster
Count)% Georgia. He conducts a gen-
eral wholesale grocery business and sells
exclusively to merchants. He has a large
trade throughout this and neighboring^
States, and is constantly increasing and
extending to new fields. He is a man of
enlarged experience, having been iden-
tified with the business in all the various
steps.

Tobacco and cigars are a specialty of this
house.

Mr. Robert Cunningham a native of
Macon, Georgia, is the efficient book-
keeper and head accountant.

This house ranks among the leading
wholesale grocery firms of the city,,
being known as one which gives honest
and faithful representation of all goods
sold. Our readers will find that liy cor-
respondence with this firm they are con-
sulting their own interests.

Liuery, Feed and Sales Stables.

TIES & SON.— The livery, feed and
sales stable conducted by Messrs. Fies &
Son is located on Third avenue, between
Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. The
proprietors, in order to make their busi-
ness a success, have left no stone un-
turned. They have spared neither pains
nor expense in the effort to please their
patrons.

The premises are 100x150 feet in super-
ficial area, and are systematic and con-
venient in arrangement, possessing all
requisite facilities for the advantageous
conduct of the business. A general
livery, boarding and sale business is done.

Birmingham.

137

Every care and attention is given to
private teams, and first class single or
double conveyances are furnished for
both business and pleasure driving. The
establishment receives a large and liberal
patronage, and the tiade represents the
most desirable citj' and suburban cus-
tom.

Messrs. Fics & Son are men thoroughly
conversant with the business in hand.
The senior member is a native of France.
His son was born in Memphis, and re-
ceived his education at Pine Bluft",
Arkansas.

Those wishing anytliing in this line
should not fail to call on Messrs. Fies &
Son.

Firearms, Etc.

BIRMINGHAM ARMS COMPANY,

1904 Second avenue. — This establishment
was established in 1887, and has enjoyed
a liberal and extended patronage. The
manager, C.J. Chunn,beingathoroughly
practical man, perfectly conversant with
the business and its details, being also
energetic and enterprising, it cannot be
wondered that the Company have been
successful in a marked degree. Their
stock consists of all kinds, American,
English and German breech and muzzle-
loading guns; Winchester, Colt, Rem-
ington and Flobert rities, loaded and un-
loaded shells, cartridges, ammunition,
sporting goods, etc., a sjiecialty being
made of pistols of all kinds. The firm
is the leading one of its kind in the city,
and (,'ommands a large and rapidly in-
creasing patronage. The premises occu-
pied are 25x100 feet in dimensions, being
eligiljljr located in a handsome two-story
brick structure at 1904 Second avenue.
Mr. Chunn was born in Ashville, North
Carolina, and was formerly in this busi-
ness in Baltimore.

Hotel.

WINDSOR HOTEL.— The Windsor
Hotel, No. 2006 First avenue, was estab-
lished in February, 1887, by Mr. C. Beck-
ham, successor to C. J. C. Brook.

This hotel is centrally located, being
but one block from the Union Depot and
is especially convenient for business men
and the traveling public, as well as per-
manent boarders. The offices, reading and
sample rooms, etc., are all neatly fitted up
and arranged. The ladies' parlors are pret-
tily furnished. The table is supplied
with the best the market affords, and
traveling men will find terms moderate.

Mr. Beckham is a native of Lancaster,
Ohio, and has had a long experience in
the business He came to tliis city from
Mattoon, Illinois, where he was bound
out. Mr. Beckham has traveled over
the world and has had manj' wild and
romantic experiences. He was among
the early pioneer miners who went to
California in search of gold. He en-
gaged in mining at various times in
Arizona, Nevada, Montana and Idaho
with great success. While on his return
from San Francisco in 1857 he was cast
away 110 days on a coral reef in the Car-
ibbean Sea. Mr. Beckham is an enter-
taining conversationalist, and makes all
who stop with him comfortable and feel
athome. He can accommodate lOOguests,
and the efficient clerk, Mr. Z. \. Ennis,
is popular with all the patrons of the
house and contributes mucli to its desir-
ability as a stopping place.

Shoe Store.

SATTERFIELD'S SHOE STORE, 1924
Second avenue, between Nineteenth and
Twentieth streets. — It has always af-
forded us genuine pleasure to note the
success of those who deserve it, and
especially if it be that of a young mer-
chant. The younger business men are
the hojje of a healthful conmiercial life,
and to them the city must look for her
future supremacy. A majority of the
merchants of Birminghani are young
men, and among them are manj^ who
have achieved remarkable success by
reason of energy, economy and well
directed effort. A conspicuous example
of this class is Jasper J. Satterfield, pro-
prietor of the " One Price Shoe Store," at
1924 Second avenue, between Nineteenih
and Twentieth streets. Mr. Satterfield
has resided in this city several years, for
a time being connected with the shoe
house of C. H. Francis. He established
his present business in December, 1887,
and since then has succeeded in build-
ing up a flourishing retail trade. His
stock is a complete and select one, and
embraces everything in the line of men's,
boys', ladies", misses' and children's boots
and shoes. In addition to his regular
stock he is sole agent for Stacey, Adams
& Company's fine French calf, kangaroo
and patent leather shoes, and James
INIeans' $?> and $4 shoes, the latter said
to be the best and cheapest shoe ever
made for the money. These celebrated
shoes can be had of no other dealer in
Birmingham. Mr. Satterfield keeps none
but the best goods, sells for cash, and

138

North Alabama.

observes strictly one price, and cus-
tomers may rely on getting the best
value for their money. His uniform
courtesy, reliable business methods and
low prices have won for him already an
enviable reputation and a large number
of friends and customers. His trade is
weekly increasing and his success is
greater than anticipated.

Mr. Sattertield is a Georgian, but was
reared in Chattanooga, and of recent
years was identified with the firm of D.
B. Loveman ct Co. Subsequently he trav-
eled extensively for a Cincinnati shoe fac-
tory, and in all has had fifteen years expe-
rience in the shoe business, and under-
stands it in all its branches. He is a
member of the Knights of Pythias, and
a young man who stands high in both
social and commercial circles. In busi-
ness he is prompt, energetic and reliable
and fully deserves the reputation he has
won and the success he has achieved.
We bespeak for him a liberal share of
public patronage.

Furniture.

I. PHILLIPS & BRO., 1911 2d avenue,
bet. 19th and 20th streets.— Among the
representative establishments here should
be mentioned that of I. Phillips & Bro.,
wholesale and retail dealers in furniture,
clocks, trunks, carpets, window shades
and house furnishing goods, all of which
goods are of the best quality. Moderate
in price, they can be bought for cash or
on the installment plan. The store is
well arranged, two stories and 25 x 140
feet. This house wasestal)lished in 18S5,
and since that date business has ever
been good.

Mr. I. Phillips is a native of Hungarv.
He belongs to the I. O. B. B. His
brother and partner, Mr. A. Phillijis, is
also a native of Hungary. They bear

excellent characters and stand well ire
the community. They are enterprising
men, and by able and popular manage-
ment have won the highest respect and
esteem of their numerous patrons.

Hats, Gents' Furnishing, Etc.

L. KLEIN. — In describing the various^;
mercantile enterprises of Birmingham
there are some to be numbered even
among the unique and liner chusg.
of establishments. The manufacture-
of men's furnishing goods has, withiit
the last few years, grown into an
important branch of business, aflbrding
investment to a vast amount of ca{)ital
and giving employment to numerous
operatives. Of thf> better class of housea
which have become well knov.-n in tins'
particular line of trade, that of L. Klein,
successor to Rich & Biederman, stands
prominent.

Mr. Klein occupies the two-storv brick
building, 20x80 feet, located at 113 North
Twentieth street, and known to the pub-
lic as "The Hat and Gents' Furnishing
Parlor." Since the establishment of the
business in 1884, it has enjoyed a liberal
and substantial patronage.

In the large stock will be found a full
and complete a.ssortment of men's fur-
nishing goods, gloves, hosiery, neckwear,,
underwear, fine shirts and other articles^
inclusive of a full line of hats, caps. etc.

L. Klein was born in Hungary. He is--
held in the highest estimation in this
community, and the success obtained by
his establishment is due to his energy^
perseverance and ability.

Real Estate, Stock and Bond Brokerage,

J. D. KIRKPATRICK, JR.— Among
the enterprising real estate and broker-
age firms we mention that of J. D. Kirk-
patrick, Jr., Room 9, Office Building, First
avenue. He is successor to Hilleary,
Keith & Kirkpatrick succeeding them
in 1887, and at once took rank
and maintains the reputation he has-
always borne. He transacts a large
business for non-residents. Capitalists-
can rest assured that any business en-
trusted to his care will meet with
prompt attention.

]Mr. Kirkpatrick is a gentleman who-
ranks high among business men, and
controls a large trade which is not lim-
ited to any one portion of the State. He
is a native of South Carolina, having
come from Charleston, where he was-
formerly engaged in the cotton factorage-

Birmingham.

139

business. He is Vice President of the
Birmingham Stock Exchange and one
of the directors of tlie SoutTi Anniston
Land Company and the North Birming-
ham Railroad and Iron Company. He
is also a member of the firm of J. D.
Kirkpatrick & Sons, cotton factors and
commission merchants of Charleston.

We bespeak for him a liberal patron-
age — the w^l-earned reward of upright
business methods.

Dentists.

EUBANK BEOTHERS, Watts Build-
ing, Third avenue and Twentieth street.
— The popular dental parlors of Eubank
Brothers are located in the new Watts
building, and are the handsomest in the
State. They occupy a suite of front
rooms on the second floor. They have
spared neither pains nor expense in fit-
ting up and decorating their rooms. The
operating rooms are supplied with the
latest improved dental appliances, and
everything that could contribute to the
comfort of patrons has been added to the
conveniences of the parlors and oper-
ating apartments. The new dentists'
chair is the latest and best improved
patent, and is a wonderful combination
of comfort to the patient. They have
every new device and appliance known
to dental surgery, and manufacture a
great deal of work that is usually sent
North by other dentists. The Messrs.
Eubanks are always ou the alert for any
new invention which will aid them in
the practice of their profession. They
are progressive, talented and thoroughly
equipped for conducting dentistry in all
its branches.

Dr. A. Eubank is an Alabamian, and
graduated at the Baltimore College of
Dental Surgerv, attending the sessions
of 1872-3-4.

Dr. George Eubank is a graduate in
the class of 1882 of Harvard University.

Both are gentlemen of liberal educa-
tion and superior culture. They have
gained a large patronage which is not
confined to the city, but comes from
various portions of North Alabama.

Druggists.

ALEXANDER & DRYER.— The es-
tablishment of Doctors Alexander &
Dryer is one of the best kept in the city.
It is located at 2118 First avenue, the
display being a fine one. The stock of
drugs, chemicals, fancy goods, toilet ar-
ticles, etc., carried is full, everything

about the store being neat and prettily
arranged. A good trade is done by this
house in and around the city. It was
established January 1, 1888.

Dr. Alexander, M. D., is a native of
Tuskegee, Alabama, as is also Dr. Dryer,
M. D. The former graduated at Louis-
ville Medical College, the latter at Mobile
Medical College. Both practice with
great success. They are enterprising
gentlemen, and have built up a business
which is steadily on the increase.

Wood and Coal.

Mcknight & CO.— The proprietors
of the City Coal Yard are gentlemen
who are in every way worthy the patron-
age of the people of Birmingham.

In July, 1880, the business was founded,
and their trade has steadily increased.
Though there are a number of firms in
the same business, the City Coal Yard
can scarcely meet the great demand of
its numerous patrons.

Removal and enlarged facilities give
this firm the largest yard in the city. It
is centrall}' located, corner Avenue A
and Twenty-second street, South Side.
They handle coal from the Alabama
mines entirely, and, having ample capi-
tal for handling coal and w'ood, can sup-
ply customers with all due promptness,
giving none but the best coal and
wood at the lowest prices. They sell at
both wholesale and retail, or in carload
lots to parties at a distance.

Mr. J. T. McKnight is a native of New
Orleans, and, being an energetic, highly
esteemed man, is an acquisition to the
business community.

Mr. George W. Haskell, his partner, is
from New York City, and is a man of
superior business ability.

The firm is a strong one and enjoys the
confidence and patronage of the public.

Saw Works.

BIRMINGHAM SAW WORKS, P. 0.
Box 631. — The most complete saw w^orks
in the State are in Birmingham, and
managed by Jos. Thurston and Thos.
Devou. They established this business
in 1886, and make specialties of saws and
molding bits. They repair saws of all
kinds and guarantee satisfaction. This
firm carries a large stock of circular
saws, hand saws, emery wheels, files,
fay and powder webs, and general mill
supplies. Molding bits made to order.
In sending saws for repair it is very

140

North Alabama.

necessary to have tliem packed securely
to prevent accident in liandling.

Tliey are also prepared to do all sorts
of puncliing and shearing of sheet metals.
Job grindinjjf and tempering of all kinds
of wood working tools.

Jos. Thurston was born in Ohio The
other member of the linn, Mr. Devon,
is also a native of Ohio. This shop is the
only one of the kind in the city and is
conveniently situated on the plat near
the Railroad Works here. It being a
fine establishment in every sense, Messrs.
Thurston i*c Devon deserve their busi-
ness success surely.

Dentists.

PERKINS BROTHERS, corner of
Twentieth street and Second avenue. —
Among the inventions of the nineteenth
century none are of more importance to
the public than those that pertain to the
dental profession. The practice of dent-
istr}^ is far in advance of what it was a
quarter of a century ago, and i^atients
have been saved much sufiering by the
use of new and better appliances.
Among those in this city who are well
up in their profession is the well-known
firm of Perkins Brothers, dentists, of
Twentieth street and Second avenue.
Since establishing their practice on the
1st of January, 1887, they have become
well known in botli this city and the
surrounding country. They occupy
most conveniently and centi'ally located
rooms, and are prepared to do tirst-class
■work. They practice the science in all
its branches with the most invariable
succe.ss, giving satisfnction to all parties
who favor them with their patronage.
Their prices are low and within reach of
the humblest and poorest. A specialty
is made of gold fillings. Their ]M-actice
is extensive, extending throughout the
greater portion of the State. Doctors
Perkins graduated at Yanderbilt Uni-
versity, Nashville.

Doctors F. E. and \V. D. Perkins are
natives of Alabama. Since their prac-
tice in this city they have, by intelli-
gence and thorough knowledge of oper-
ative dentistry, built up a fine i)ractice
which is continually growing. The su-
perior class of their work, the very
moderate and reasonable prices, and the
genial and afTable manner of Doctors
Perkins have made them universal
favorites in Birmingham, and are re-
garded by the general public as j)rompt
and reliable in all their business and
professional engagements.

General Merchandise.

A. B. VANDEGRIFT, 1925 Second
avenue. — This is an important mercan-
tile enterprise. It was inaugurated sev-
eral years previous under the firm name
of Steel & Vandegrift, and in 1886 changed
to its present proprietorship. Under
Mr. Yandegrift's efficient direction this
house has assumed importance to the
city and surrounding ccfiuitry. Just
previous to going into business in Bir-
mingham Mr. Vandegrift was occupied
in large business enterpri.ses in Ashville,
Alabama, having been an esteemed busi-
ness man of that city for eight years,
wdiere he was a prominent figure in
trade circles. This house caters to the
best class of country trade, and inci-
dentally to city trade. They carry a
large retail stock of general merchandise,
embracing all that one could desire in
the way of dry goods, notiinis, hardware,
china, glassware, and crockery, clothing,
hats, caps, boots and shoes, and every-
thing in the way of choice groceries and
toothsome edibles from every clime,
teas, cofiees, spices, canned goods and
foreign fruits. The house occupied by
Mr. Vandegrift covers a spacious area
and is equipped throughout with every
facility and convenience of use in the
successful prosecution of so important
an enterprise. All orders are promi^tly
and efficiently filled that are left at 1925
Second avenue. Mr. Vandegrift has
long been identified with our leading
and representative business men. Born
in Branchville, Alabama, he lias always
held a high position and is widely known
throughout the State, and justly deserves
the esteem and respect he enjoys.

Jeiuelry.

J. A. MILLS, 1908 Second avenue.—
An expert lately established here in the
watchmaking, jewel and engraving busi-
ness, is J. A. Mills, a native of Ohio. He,
with the able assistance of J. B. Roden,
began business October 1, 1887, being
the successor of J. W. Lutz & Co.

Mr. Mills is thoroughly conversant
with the details of his business having
twenty-one years' experience, and study.
He is one of the finest watchmakers,
jewelers and engravers known in the
city. Everything in the way of fine
watches, jewelry and silverware is kept
in stock. He will be found to be an ex-
pert watchmaker, offering, as he does,
inducements fully on a par with those of
other city jewelers.

Birmingham.

141

Cotton Buyers.

CLISBY & WARE, No. 2215^ First
avenue. — The largest agricultural pro-
duet of the Southern IStates is cotton,
and in order that the producer may con-
veniently dispose of this pi-oduct, houses
have been established in all the South-
ern cities in order that there may be a
liome market for planters, and that they
<?an command the highest market prices.
Such is the business of Messrs. Clisby &
Ware, No. 20152 First avenue.

Both of these gentlemen have had
Jong experience in tliis line of business,
Jiaving been engaged in it for several
years.

Mr. Ware is a member of the Legion
of Honor, Knights of Pythias and Na-
tional Union. Prior to engaging in
business in this city they were connected
■with the firm of Clisby & Company, of
Montgomery, and Mr. Clisby was at one
itime member of the tirm of Clisby, Janet
& Company.

They are both men of financial ability
and enterjirise, whose names are synony-
mous with the highest principles of com-
mercial probity and honor, and are the
most experienced cotton buyers in this
part of the South. Those transacting
business Mith them always find them
iTeady to give the highest prices for the
best quality oi cotton, and for all grades
•they will give the highest market price.

Real Estate, Stocbs and Bonds.

CLISBY & WARE. 2015^ First ave-
nue. — The rapidly increasing demand
for Southern timber and mineral lands
and city realty resulted, in 1887, in the
organization of the popular and influen-
tial firm of Clisby & Ware as real estate,
stock and bond agents, both gentlemen
having been known for years in commer-
cial circles as leading cotton buyers
also.

Their office is located at No. 2015 J First
.aveJiue, Office Building, Room 1. Their

experience in business as well as their
standing in business circles atFords a sub-
stantial advantage to customers.

They are both members of the Stock
Exchange. They ofier important induce-
ments to Northern and Western capital-
ists in desirably located l)usinessand res-
idential property in the city and sub-
urbs, improved and unimproved.

The firm have an intimate personal
knowledge of the mineral belt of Ala-
bama, and ofTer for sale, at low prices,
choice selections of mineral and tim))er
lands, and have carried through to a suc-
cessful issue many important transac-
tions. They attend to the care of prop-
erty and collection of rents. This is a
thoroughly responsible and reliable firm,
referring to such prominent financial
corporations as the First National Bank
ancl Berney National Bank of Birnung-
ham, Josiali IMorris & Company, Mont-
gomery, and First National Bank of
Eufaula, Alabama.

Capitalists will consult their best inter-
ests by dealing through this responsible
firm.

Both members of the firm, Messrs. L.
Clisby and James A. Ware, are natives of
Montgomery, where they were for some
time engaged in business. They are pop-
ular and representative business men,
and those guided by their sound judg-
ment and judicious advice can rely upon
securing remunerative investments.

Land Company.

ASPHALT MINING & LAND COM-
PANY. — The fact of Birtuingham's im-
portance is forcibly demonstrated in
every branch of business, and among the
many successful enterprises represented
the Alabama Asphalt INlining & Land
Company stands prominent.

The Company was incorporated in 1887,
and is in able and responsible hands, Mr.
W. H. W^ooldridge being President, Mr.
G. A. Baldwin, of New Orleans, Vice
President, and Mr. Chas. M. Erwin, Sec-
retary and Treasurer.

These enterprising gentlemen bring to
bear every qualification necessary to se-
cure to their patrons the utmost ad-
vantages from investments in the rich
mineral, timber and agricultural lands in
AlaVjama .'ind adjoining States.

The mineral wealth of tlie State of
Alabama is enormous, and there is no
State in the Union where there can be
found such extensive and rich beds of
the choicest minerals, the bituminous

142

North Alabama.

lands affonling inexlianstiblo sujiplies of
the best oonipounds for asphaltic purposes.

The officers of the Coiiii)any are^'entle-
men whose names are faniiUar in finan-
cial circles.

Col. Wooldridire is a native of Ken-
tucky, and is tlie Vice President and
General INhinaf^er of the Baxter Stove
and Manufacturing Company, of Bir-
mingham.

Mr. Marable is a native of Virginia,
and for many years was a traveling sales-
man, and in 18S4 organized the Birming-
ham Agricultural Works, which interest
he sold in ISStl, and became identified
with the above enterprise.

Dr. Krwin is a native of Alabama, and
formerly practiced medicine in his na-
tive State, from which he went into the
Confederate army as a surgeon. After
the war he removed to Mississippi and
went into the insurance business, where
he was for many years the secretary of
an insurance couipauy. When the Bir-
mingham boom began he again returned
to his native .State, locating in this city,
where he engaged in the tire insurance
business, and was among the founders of
the Royal (lire) Insurance Company, of
Birmingham. Afterwards he became
interested in the Alabama Asphalt Com-
pany and became its Secretary and
Treasurer, which position he still holds.

Mr. Baldwin is one of the youngest
and most progressive business men of
New Orleans, where he has been in busi-
ness for a number of years as a cotton
factor and commission merchant. He is
connected with some of the largest mon-
etary enterprises of the Cres(;ent City,
notably the Jackson Coal it Coke Com-
pany, of Mhich he is a director, and one
of the original ])romotors.

Under wise and conservative guidance
the Company ranks among the most
prosperous in the South, and are to be
congratidated upon the successful out-
come of their (>fibrts.

Their familiar fiidd of action is the
mining of aspbaltum, of wliich they
have an inexhaustible supph- in Morgan
County, Alabama. Their asphalt has
been tested by experts and pronounced
exceedingly fine for paints and varnishes.

The Company is also ])oring for oil
and natural gas, and the indication for
finding both is good.

Real Estate.

THOMAS H. MOLTON, 113 Twen-
tieth street. — The rapid growth of Bir-
mingham has brought forth in this re-

gion of the country a class of active and
I'uterprising people, whose dealings are
characterized by a clear foresight.

Thomas H. Molton, the subject of this
sketch, is a representative in this line of
business, having established himself in
Octobei-, 18S(). He is a native of IMont-
gomery, and was raised a cotton planter,
having received a liberal education at
]\Iontgoniery and at I'rofessor Tutwaller's
School at Green Springs. He takes con-
scientious care of the management of es-
tates, giving special attention to renting
ju-operty, while close collections and
prompt returns are guaranteed.

He is the contitlential agent of Dr. Jos.
B. Smith, the largest individual real
estate owner in Jefi'erson County, whose
rents alone amount to about $;>5,000 per
annum.

Highly endorsed by leading firms and
prominent practical friends of his native
State, Mr. Molton has succeeded in the few
years since his establishment in this city
in laying the foundation of a prosperous
business. He enjoys the unlimited con-
fidence of his patrons through his
straightforward dealings, which ever
characterize his transactions.

Ciuil Engineers.

HASKELL & TALCOTT, Room 13,.
2015 First avenue.— INIessrs. Haskell &
Talcott are located in the center of the
city at Room 13, Office Building, 2015.
First avenue.

They are civil engineers and surveyors
of the first order, both of them having
been railroad engineers from their earl-
iest davs. The firm was established.
October 1, 1887.

The reconnaisance and location of raiK
roads are made, plans and estimates of
cost of construction furnished, railroad
work and buildings superintended, work
measured and classification given, lands
sui-veyed and platted, town sites laid off
and mai)S and transcripts made.

iMessrs. Haskell ct Talcott. in fact, do-
everything in the line of civil engineer-
ing and surveying, making a specialty of
toj)ographical j)lans and drawing and.
city and county surveying.

Mr. A. W.Haskell was born in Arkan-
.sas. He iias a i)osition with the Cahaba
Coal & Mining Company at Blocton.

Mr. H. R. Talcott was l)orn in Ric;b-
mond, Virginia.

The superior work of tlu'se gentlemen
has won for them an enviable reputation,
and they enjoy a patronage which desig-
nates them as leading and prominent

Birmingham.

143

representatives of their profession. They
are generally honored and esteemed in
all circles, and are popularly numbered
among the representative citizens of Bir-
mingham.

General Merchandise.

J. B. EARLE, No. 1921 Second ave-
nue, between Nineteenth and Twentieth
streets. — An establishnient in this city,
where a complete stock of general mer-
chandise is to be seen, is at the house of
J. B. Earle, located at 1921 Second ave-
nue, between Nineteenth and Twentieth
streets.

The building occupied is a brick
structure, 25 x 100 feet in dimensions,
and two stories in height.

Mr. J. B. Earle, who was born in Ely-
ton, Alabama, established his business in
this city in the year 1878, and from that
date it has been a good one. He carries
a fine display of everything pertaining to
general merchandise. His stock is the
outcome of his careful selection, and he
never offers anything but the best to the
public, and that at the most reasonable
prices. He moved to this city from Elly-
ton, where he was engaged in the same
business. He is a most enterprising, go-
ahead man, and kind, good-hearted and
genial in every respect, as well as one
having the best business capacities.

Boots and Shoes.

DAVID B. LUSTER, 107 Nineteenth
street. — There is nothing more econom-
ical than a well-made shoe. It is inva-
riably comfortable, always looks neat and
attractive, and outlasts the cheap ma-
chine-made shoe. In this article cer-
tainly the best is the cheapest in the long
run.

In Birmingham one of the leading
fashionable boot and shoe makers is
David B. Luster, 107 Nineteenth street,
opposite the Opera House.

He and his employes are practical shoe-
makers.

He is a native of Tennessee, and was
established in his present enterprise on
December 1, 1883. All styles of fine
boots and shoes are made to order. Best
materials used- and best workmen em-
ployed. Perfect fits and satisfaction
guaranteed. All kinds of repairing done
at the shortest notice and neatly. He is
an enterprising shoemaker, whose trans-
actions are based on the cardinal princi-
ples of honor and probity, his success
being but the natural result of good
work.

Life insurance.

MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE.
ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK.—
The department of Alabama and Ten-
nessee for this popular Company has-
been located at Birmingham, Alabama,,
under the management of N. F. Thomp-
son, a well-known real estate and insu-
rance man.

This is the most successful life insu-
rance company in th« world. Has paid
to widows and orphans $5,000,000 in
seven years, and has $102,000,000 of insu-
rance in force. No company, either old
line or assessment, has made such a
record in that length of time, and where
best known has done its largest busi-
ness. It has written more business in
New York, its home State, than the
Equitable, the New York Life, or the
New York Mutual, and is relatively
stronger than either, its assets being $a
for everv $1 of its indebtedness, while
the Equitable has only $1.27 of assets
for each $1 of liabilities.

Its plans, books and accounts have-
been officially examined and pronounced
correct by the insurance departments of
New York, Rhode Island, Wisconsin,
Minnesota, Ohio, Michigan and Missouri,,
and its management endorsed by them
all.

Among its members are leading bank-
ers, capitalists, lawyers, merchants, man-
ufacturers, physicians and commercial
men of this country and Europe. It fur-
nishes insurance at less than half the
rates charged by old line companies,
being a happy medium between the un-
certainties of the corporative and the
extravagance of the level premium sys-
tems.

Its policies are incontestible, unre-
stricted and non-forfeital)le after five
years, with cash surrender or paid-up^
value after fifteen years. It is the peo-
ple's company placing the benefits of
life insurance within the reach of all,
and has not a dollar of honest claims due
and unpaid.

Wholesale Grocers.

S. V. COLLINS & CO., 2319 Second ave-
nue. — This large grocery and commission
house is conclucted by gentlemen who-
have long been in the business, and have
all the practical experience necessary for
conducting, in a methodical way, a first-
class wholesale and retail trade.

The house is located at 2319 Second
avenue. Being accessible and near the-

144

North Alabama.

business part of tlie city, it is convenient
for buyers. They have a fresh, pure and
well-selected stock of all the staple gro-
ceries, sugars, coffees, ;teas. Hour and
bacon, also spices, tobaccos, canned
goods, and the various articles incidental
to the business, to which they specially
call the attention of buyers in or out of
the city. The firm has in its employ
several assistants, who aid them in car-
rying on their trade. All are gentlemen
of high social standing and business ca-
pacity, and their trade is being con-
stantly increased tiiruugli their industry
and enterprise, and they certainly de-
serve their past success and future out-
look for prosi)erity.

Jewelry.

ROSENSTIHL BROS., Jewelers, on
Second avenue, near Twentietli street. —
Representative among the mercantile
enteri)rises, we mention that of ilessrs.
Rosenstihl Bros., whose business was
originally established several years ago
by J\Ir. Rosenstihl, Avho was succeeded
in 18S7 by the present firm.

This jewelry bazaar is one of the hand-
somest and most popular houses in the
city. The storeroom, located on Second
avenue, near the corner of Twentietli
street is elegantly fitted up throughout.
The partners exercise the soundest
judgment and most excellent taste in
their selections, and have goods displayed
that command the attention of the most
critical. These beautiful and artistic
wares handled include imported and
domestic watches of the most celebrated
manufacture, diamonds of the most re-
liable hue, and the finest jewelry, all of
which are guaranteed to be strictly as
represented.

The firm has long practical experience,
having always been identified with this
business, and the people are showing
their appreciation.

Tailor.

T>. LUBELSKY, 2103 Second avenue.
— The trade of the merchant tailor is
well repi'esented in this city by a num-
ber of enterprising houses, and in notic-
ing those that are prominent we mention
that of Mr. Y). Lubelsky, centrally lo-
cated in the business i>art of the city,
and easily accessible by all lines of street
railroads and street cars. He does every-
thing in the best style in the line of the
merchant tailor, his goods being first-
class and prices low.

Specialties of the house are repairing,
cleaning and dyeing.

Mr. Lubelsky was in business form-
erly in New York and Cincinnati. His
store is a fine buililing, 25x50 feet in ex-
tent.

He is a native of Poland, having been
nineteen years in the United States.
Seven years of these he has spent in the
" Magic City."

Freight Transfer Line.

GEORGE C. HARRIS.— This enter-
prising and flourishing business was es-
tablished in 1881 !)y George C. Harris.
The office is conveniently located at No.
5 Twentieth street (up stairs). Room No.
o, telephone 908 ; postoffice box 623.

Mr. Harris is the proprietor of the
freight transfer line, whicli makes a spe-
cialty of transferring household goods,
etc., on short notice, hauling freight,
moving safes and placing them in posi-
tion. Mr. Harris tloes a large business,
which is daily increasing. He employs
a large number of hands and wagons to
meet the demands of the business.
Freight is delivered to any point in the
city at rates as low as any other first-class
company.

i\lr. Harris is too well and favorably
known to need any recommendation. By
his endeavor to please all in the freight
transfer business he has placed himself
among the most prominent in this line
of industry, and no establishment of the
kind in this city is more worthy of a
generous support.

Real Estate.

J. L. Y^\NCEY, 2007 First avenue.
— This well-known gentleman represents
the most popular and reliable real estate
agency, and also a rental agency in the
city. He is also notary public.

His present real estate business, estab-
lished in April, 1887, has formed the
most popular business in the city.

He transacts a general business in this
line, and gives especial attention to rent-
ing and leasing property.

Mr. J. L. Yancey carries on some very
large deals, and the amount of annual
trade indicates the importance of this
business as related to the varied interests
of the city, 'i'he bulk of trade is carried
on in the immediate vicinity of the city,
and the books show deals in the very
finest city property. A heavy trade is
carried on in suburban lots, and the uni-
form fairness and courtesy shown in his

Birmingham.

145

business transactions have won for INIr.
Yancey a deserved i^opularity, and has
been a large factor in the steady growtli
of business. The transactions include
the collection of rents, the payment of
taxes, leasing, conveyancing, etc., in all
of which this popular agent has given
general satisfaction.

Restaurant.

ALABAMA CLUB RESTAURANT,

Twenty-first street, between Second and
Third avenues. — An indispensable ad-
junct to any city of importance is a good
French restaurant. Such a place in every
way is the Alabama Club Restaurant, es-
tablished November 1, 1887. This most
attractive looking place never fails to
arrest the attention of the jiasser-by,
being most conveniently located on
Twenty-first street, between Second and
Third avenues.

The diningroom is large and roomy,
being 26 x 56 feet in dimensions, and
capable of seating 150. Meals can be
gotten here— breakfast, luncheon or din-
ner — at any hour of the day, admirably
served by polite and quiet waters. In
such a place as Birmingham, where,
without ceasing, business, rush and stir
are the order of the day, it is very con-
venient to have such a place of resort,
where one can get a meal at any time.

This is the most pleasant and fashion-
able restaurant here, being largely pat-
ronized by the members of the Alabama
Club and their friends, as well as the
elite of the city.

It is brilliantly lighted every night
with electric light. The chef de cuisine
here thoroughly understands his busi-
ness, having been especially selected for
the place.

Mr. J. Galatoire, the proprietor of the
restaurant is, as his name indicates, a
native of France. He is a Mason, and a
member of the Knights of Pythias and
Knights of Honor.

Being reasonable in charges, he has
received, and should continue to receive
a liberal patronage, and being a man of
good standing, great energy and fine
business capacity, we take pleasure in
recommending his restaurant.

Bottling Works.

DAVIS & WORCESTER, Proprie-
tors. — The bottling trade of Birmingham
is ably represented and covered by the
popular Birmingham Bottling Works,
established in 1875. Since embarking in

their enterprise, the proprietors of this
flourishing firm ^lave met with large suc-
cess.

The bottling works comprise extensive
premises, the manufactory being a frame
building, 40x140 feet in extent, and is
fitted up with all the latest improved
machinery and appliances. There are
here employed a large force of hands and
several teams, engaged in the bottling
and handling of mineral water, ginger
ale, soda, sarsaparilla, cider and vinegar,
and all carbonated drinks. All of these
are unexcelled as healthful beverages,
the best proof of their superiority being
in the great consumption throughout
Birmingham and territory supplied
therefrom.

Mr. Davis was born in Ohio, and is an
Odd Fellow. He has been successfully
engaged in mining and various other
pursuits during his life.

His partner, Mr. Worcester, also is a
native of Ohio, and belongs to the
Knights of Pythias. By profession he is
a machinist.

They are esteemed and enterprising
business men, and are practical bottlers,
guaranteeing purity and quality in all
goods bearing their brand. Their goods
are standard witli the trade, in conse-
quence of which their business is assum-
ing proportions of great magnitude.

Groceries,

MOORE & HADEN, Fifth avenue and
Twenty-second street.— One of the lead-
ing houses engaged in fine groceries is
that of Messrs. ]\Ioore & Haden. This
house has controlled a fine business on
the North Side from the date of its
foundation. The premises occupied are
known as the " Lunsford Building," the
store being 31x48 feet in extent, of
brick and three stories. In stock can be
found a complete line of fine family gro-
ceries, table luxuries, teas, coffees, spices,
wines, etc. The best brands of flour
and housekeepers' supplies, besides the
many other articles belonging to a first-
class grocery store are kept. Messrs.
Moore & Haden have also fine accom-
modations in the Lunsford Building
for twenty boarders, who will receive as
much attention and comfort as at any
house in the city.

Mr. Moore was born in Alabama. He
graduated at college in Greensboro, Ala-
bama. Mr. Haden is also a native of
Alabama. They are full of energy and
in every way deserving the confidence
and popularity they have won.

146

North Alabama.

The Alabama Abstract Company.

[Official Authority of Jefferson County, Ala.]

Mr. E. N. Cullom, President of the
above Company, possesses eminent busi-
ness and executive ability, and is con-
sidered an oracle on land titles in Ala-
bama. The mammoth business of his
•Company evidences his line manage-
ment. Mr. J. H. Wallace, the Secretary,
was a practicing lawyer in Mobile for
several years. In all dealing in real es-
tate the first and most important con-
sideration is to obtain a perfectly clear
and unimpeachable title, and in this re-
,spect investors in Jefferson County and
Birmingham, Alabama, are peculiarly
favored in having such a careful, pains-
taking abstract company as tlie Alabama
Abstract (Jompany. This Company have
an account, as it would be commercially
termed, with every lot and tract of land,
which at once reveals the entire history,
the various hands through which it has
passed, the encumbrance it has borne,
and every transaction of which it has
formed a part, and by reference to their
plat books the forms of trade are shown
as they emerge from the original govern-
ment subdivision, and this feature of their
work is of vast importance in making loca-
tions and in showing the underlying
tracts on which the validity of a title
depends. When one realizes the amount
of systematically arranged information
at tlieir disposal it is reasonable for them
to look for the entire patronage of the
legal profession, to Avhose interest their
books are constructed.

An abstract from this Company will
furnish a condensed history of the title
to land, consisting of a synopsis or sum-
mary of the material or operative por-
tion of all the conveyances, of whatever
kind or nature, which in any manner
.affect said land, or an\' estate or interest
therein, together with a statement of all
liens, charges or liability to which the
same may be subject, and of which it is
in any way material for purchasers to be
apprised. It is arranged, usually, in
chronological order, and is intended to
show the origin, course and incidents of
the title, etc.

The books of this Company were con-
structed by an experienced corps of ab-
stracters and draughtsmen, and is the
only practical set of abstract of Jefferson
County, Alabama, in existence.

The personnel of this Company are
too well known in this State to require
.any eulogy at our bands.

Merchant Tailor.

I. MOSES, Merchant Tailor, estab-
lished in 1887, is centrally located at 211
Twentieth street, between Second and
Third avenues. As one of the houses
in this line of business which has been
instrumental in pnmioting the standard
of neatness in dress, that of Isaac Moses
has attained an enviable reputation.
His rooms are well suited for the trans-
action of tailoring, which from the first
continued to grow. Tailoring is here
done in all its branches at the most rea-
sonable prices and in the best manner.

Mr. Moses was born in Europe. He
has been a tailor all his life, in New
York and Selma, before settling here.
He received a patent (No. 103,487) in
Washington for seventeen years for ar-
tistic tailoring and cutting for all dif-
ferent shapes of the human form. Mr.
Moses intends to publish a book regard-
ing cutting on the most improved prin-
ciples, concerning which he will give
personal instruction to those who wish.
His success has been the result of his
sterling principles of commercial prob-
ity and honor.

Boots and Shoes.

W. St. PIERRE, 303 Nineteenth street.
— There is probably no article of dress
upon which comfort and ease so much
depend as a good fitting shoe, and, on
the other hand, nothing causes one to
feel so ill at ease as a shoe badly shaped.
It is also true that the shape, style and
fit of boots and shoes have much to do
with the dress and appearance of a per-
son. It may not be generally conceded
that true econouiy, as well as comfort,
and comeliness, are always subserved
when we have our footwear made to
order, yet it is nevertheless true. A
skillful boot and shoe maker — one who
can always give a perfect fit — is rare.
Such a one, however, is in Birmingham,
in the person of W. St. Pierre, located
on Nineteenth street, opposite the post-
office.

Monsieur St. Pierre is a native of
France, and not yet in the prime of
life. He learned his trade in his native
country, and many years practice has
made him perfect in this special line.
He is known here as the "Lightning
Repairer," for he completes his work in
a remarkably quick time. His work is
of the best quality and made from the
best material, and no work is allowed to

Birmingham.

147

leave the store without being inspected
and warranted. It may be mentioned
in this connection that three months
during the Centennial of 1876 Monsieur
St. Pierre worlved (making shoes) at the
great exposition, and took the first prem-
ium of $300 in gold for skilled mechan-
ism in the manufacture of both boots
and shoes. This was a compliment from
a high source and one well merited, and
which he has subsequently well sus-
tained. The proprietor also keeps all
kinds of boots and shoes at prices to suit
customers, though he makes a specialty
of naakingto order fine hand-made work.
His patrons number many of the best
citizens of Birmingham, and those who
extend their patronage once are sure to
call again. Monsieur St. Pierre is un-
questionably one of the best skilled me-
chanics in the South. He has resided
here not quite two years, but in that
time has made many warm friends and
numerous patrons, whose esteem and
confidence he has gained and now en-
joys.

Coal and Brick.

BIRMINGHAM COAL AND BRICK
COMPANY. — In giving an authentic his-
tory of the business interests of Bir-
mingham and her capabilities for sup-
plying the demands made upon her by
the surrounding country, we must not
■omit mention of the exteiisive coal and
brick interest as conducted by the Bir-
mingham Coal and Brick Comj^any.
This company owns extensive mines in
Walker County, having a capacity of
irom 100 to 150 tons per day. Besides
extensively mining domestic and steam
•coal, they ship said coal largely to all
parts. They manufacture as well a very
fine soft kiln brick terra-cotta, having
-the finest clay at their command for these
purposes.

Mr. Lon Gresham, general manager of
the company, was born in Arkansas. He
formerly was in the Southern Bell Tele-
phone Company.

Mr. John D. Elliott has been two or
three years in the real estate, stock and
bond business.

Having every facility to properly
handle coal, and to ship also to the dif-
ferent parts of the country as required,
prompt and active in all their transac-
tions, their present success is due to the
honorable principles manifested in con-
ducting their business, and which ever
leads to success.

Yards, Avenue A and Twenty-second
^street.

Marble.

CITY MARBLE WORKS.— Among
the firms engaged in the marble business
in this city, "The City Marble Works "
stand among the foremost. Tlie business
was founded in 1875, Mr. N. Roberts be-
ing the successor of A. J. Yancey. He
manufactures every variety of monu-
mental and cemetery work and grave-
stones, and is an extensive dealer in
native and foreign marble and granite.
The premises occupied are centrally
located at First and Morris avenues, be-
tween Twentieth and Twenty-first streets.
The polishing, cutting and lettering are
all done at the shop, the finest grade of
granite and marble being used.

Mr. Roberts is a native of Philadel-
phia, which city he left in 1840, having
there been engaged in the marble busi-
ness. He is an Odd Fellow, and is
thoroughly acquainted with all the de-
tails of his business. Mr. Roberts, too,
is a business man of the strictest in-
tegrity.

Bakery.

THE NEW YORK BAKERY.— One

of the most complete and thoroughly
equipped establishments in the bakery
and staple and fancy grocery business is
" The New York Model Bakery," located
at No. 212 South Twenty-second street,
between Avenues B and C. It was es-
tablished on the 16th of December, 1887.

The business of this house — wholesale
and retail — has since the first been a
good one. The finest quality of bread,
cakes and pastry are made and supplied
to merchants and families. They also
make the best quality of ice cream, which
is sold at retail, and also delivered to
families by the quart or gallon. A full
line, too, of staple and fancy groceries is
always on hand. A free delivery wagon
delivers bread and cakes morning and
evening to customers. A specialty is
made of rye and Graham bread. The
bakery is at the rear of the house, where
are all the latest and most approved
facilities for conducting the business.

Mr. J. F. Roessler is a native of
Charleston, South Carolina, where he
was for many years in the grocery busi-
ness. He is a Mason and a member of
the Young Men's Christian Association.
He also belongs to several benevolent
societies at Charleston.

M. S. F. Hermann, his partner, was
born at Williamsburg, Brooklyn, but has
lived in New York most of his life. He
also is a member of the Young Men's

148

North Alabama.

Christian Association. He was formerly
at Lakeview Hotel.

The quality of the goods can be guar-
anteed, as the bakery is under the im-
mediate supervision of IMr. Hermann, a
man who has had a life-long experience
in this special line of business. We be-
speak for them a liberal patronage.

Mr. Hernuuin is a son of J. F. Her.
mann, of White Plains, N. Y., where the
latter conducts a large bakery business,
and for twenty years he lived in New York
City, and for thirty years he has been
engaged in his present pursuit. He is
among the most honoi-ed and respected
citizens of White Plains.

Lime, Cement, Etc,

H. H. MAYBERRY CO.— Among the
most prosperous mercantile establish-
ments on the busy thoroughfare — 20th
street — will be found that of H. H. May-
berry & Co., wholesale and i-etail dealers
in lime, cement, plaster and hair. The
business was established at this location
on the 1st of A^jril, 1888. The city trade
extends to points as distant as Jackson,
Mississippi, and Columbus, Georgia.
The two spacious warehouses used, cov-
ering half a block, are on the Belt Rail-
road, on Tenth avenue, between Seven-
teenth and Eighteenth streets, North,
where the wholesale business is trans-
acted, wliile the retail is transacted on
Twentieth street, near corner of Powell
avenue, where the offices are located.

Mr. Mayberry was born in Franklin,
Tennessee. His partners, Messrs. Francis
& Chenoweth, of Alabama, are well
known as owners of one of the lai'gest
hardware houses in this city.

The great success achieved by this
firm is due largely to the general excel-
lence of the stock handled, as well as the
moderate prices at which the goods are
purchasable.

Locksmiths and Bell Hangers.

MANGIN & BOUCHOUX, corner of
Third avenue and Twenty-first street. —
Good locksmiths and bell hangers are
indispensable adjuncts to every com-
munity, and it is safe to say that in Bir-
mingham there are none in that line
more capable or prompt in fulfilling con-
tracts than Messrs. Mangin & Bouchoux.
Their store is a roomy one, and contains
a large and complete stock of all tlie
articles and metals used in their trade.
The)' employ experienced hands only,
and the work which they execute under

! skillful management will bear comparison
with any done elsewhere.

This firm was established in 1885 by
these gentlemen. They do iron work of
all sorts, and are agents for the celebrated
Chamjiion Iron Fence.

Mr. L. Mangin was born in New Or-
leans. His partner, Mr. V. J. Bouchoux,
too. is a native of New Orleans, and be-
longs to the Knights of Pythias.

They use only the best materials, in-
variably giving satisfaction in every way,
Thorouglil)' conscientious and prompt in
the performance of contracts, all who
transact business with them regard them
reliable.

Lumber. Etc.

MARBURY, JONES & CO., Four-
teenth street and Ninth av.enue, North. —
The lumber trade, like all other branches
of commercial life, is well represented
in this busy city, a prominent establish-
ment in this line being that of Marbury,
Jones & Co., successors to Smith, Mar-
bury & Co.

This firm is a branch house of Marbury
& Jones' well-known and old-established
saw mill at Bozeman, Alabama, which
supply their product to thirteen States
(Northern and AVestern).
I Marbury, Jones & Co. deal in lumber,
laths, shingles, flooring, weather-board-
ing, ceiling, etc., and supply this section
of the country, over which Mr. Angell
has full control.

The yard and office are located on
Fourteenth street and Ninth avenue,
North, and are quickly reached either by
the Ensley Railway or Eighth avenue
horse cars. An extensive factory is on
the premises — 90 feet square — a large
part being covered by a second story,
30 X 90 feet. The machinery is of the
best improved type, opeiated by heavy
steam power, and a large force of hands
is employed.

The members of the firm, Messrs. J.
H. Marbury and W. T. Angell, were
born in Tennessee, and Mr. T. L. Jones
in Kentucky, though he has lived in
this State many years.

Mr. Marbury is a Mason, and has been
in the business sixteen years. He fought
during the war in the Confederate States
Army.

Mr. Jones belongs to the Knights of
Pythias.

Mr. Angell also belongs to the Knights
of Pythias, and has been four years a
member of the firm, having been an

Birmingham.

149

«mploye of the house before that time
ior eight years.

Thus they are practically experienced
in the lumber business, and are amply
■qualified for conducting the enterprise
with ever increasing success.

Lumber, Etc.

C. M. SMITH & CO. are wholesale
-and retail dealers in long leaf yellow
j)ine lumber, laths and cypress shingles,
making ' flooring, ceiling and finishing
lumber a specialty. The well arranged
yards, are supplied with all requisite
business facilities. A large, comprehen-
sive and complete stock is carried, and a
force of men and teams is employed in
;the transaction of the extensive busi-
ness.

Messrs. C. M. and B. C. Smith, com-
posing the firm, are natives of Alabama,
.and are energetic and capable business
men. These gentlemen were formerly
in the saw mill business. This firm, by
well-directed and popular management
have naturally augmented the old time
prosperity of the enteri^rise, and occupy
a, position prominent among business
anen.

Their yard and office are at the corner
of Morris avenue and Twenty-third street.

Wholesale Produce.

S. W. EMMONS, 2124 Second avenue,
^lear Twf a ty- second street. — Indispen-
isable in ail communities is a well regu-
lated produce store, to conduct which
j-equires sound business tact and judg-
xnent in the selection of the various
•commodities that come under this line
of trade. At No. 2124 Second avenue,
3iear Twenty-second street, can be found
one of the most enterprising establish-
ments of this character. It is conducted
by S. W. Emmons.

While there are many houses in this
line, Mr. Emmons was the first to com-
:tnence a produce business in Birming-
Jiam in 1883, when this now large and
.flourishing city was comparatively in its
.infancy.

He was formerly in the mercantile
".business before coming to Birmingham,
.•and was for four years connected with
the sheriff's office in Panola County,
^Mississippi. Being thoroughly a busi-
:iiess man, his motto is, " Quick sales
.^nd small profits," and all who favor
.him with their patronage will find that
•while his goods are of the best quality,
ills prices wall compare favorably with
any.

Coffee, Tea, Spices.

SOUTHERN PACIFIC TEA COM-

PANY.— The Southern Pacific Tea Com-
pany handle more tea and coffee than
any firm in Birmingham, and is one of
the oldest business houses in the city.
This firm was established in 1876 by H.
M. Swope, a native of Bavaria. He is a
member of the United Brotherhood and
United Workmen. They buy from Cali-
fornia, New Orleans and New York
direct. They have one of the most at-
tractive storerooms in the city — a two-
story brick building, 25 x 60 feet, having
an extra building in the rear for roasting
coffee.

One will find this enterprising and
popular firm on Second avenue, between
Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets.
The telephone call is No. 129.

Laundry.

EXCELSIOR STEAM LAUNDRY,

308-310 Nineteenth street.— The Excel-
sior Steam Laundry was established
February 25, 1887. This laundry has
rapidly grown in poiDularity and is re-
garded among the most reliable here.
The location is central, being the adjoin-
ing building to the postoftice, at Nos. 308
and 310 Nineteenth street. The pro-
prietors are men who move with the
times. The machinery and everything
in connection with the laundry are of the
most approved and modern make.

Mr. George A. Blinn and his son are
natives of Covington, Kentucky. They
are men who possess sterling qualities.
They are thorough-going in everything
they undertake, possessing every facility
for the successful management of their
business.

City Engineer.

J. R. CARTER, the city engineer, es-
tablishe;! himself in Birmingham in 1882,
and since that time has gained a business
standing of high degree upon his intel-
lectual, professional and social merits.
The office of city engineer being a diffi-
cult one to fill, we feel assured that one
to fill the i^osition must be thoroughly
practical and essentially learned.

Mr. J. R. Carter is a native of Tennes-
see, and a highly honored and respected
Knight of Pythias. Also past chancel-
lor of the Jefl'erson Valley Lodge and a
member of the Grand Lodge of Ala-
bama, and vestryman of the Episcopal
Church.

150

North Alabama.

jMr. Carter has always been a civil
engineer, except a short time, when he
was United States ganger in Tennessee.
He was educated in Charlottesville, Vir-
ginia, at the University, and lias had
profitable and servicealjle experience as
a civil engineer in Mexico and Central
America.

Paints, Etc.

SAM. H. HARRIS, No. :U2 North
Twentieth street. — One of the leading
business houses of recent establishment
is that of Mr. Sam. H. Harris, dealer in
paints, oil, glass, and wall paper, located
at 312 North Twentieth street.

The premises occupied are well
arranged, and 20 x 70 feet.

Specialties of this firm are paper hang-
ing, kalsomining and graining, house,
sign and ornamental painting, room and
picture moldings.

Mr. Harris is a native of Alabama, and
belongs to the Kniglits of Pythias. From
the foundation of the business he has,
with all credit (be it said) to himself,
kept up the standard and reputation of
excellence which first gave the house its
business sncce.ss, and which it has stead-
ily maintained throughout the period of
its existence.

Lubricating Oils.

LEON.\RD & ELLIS.— Among tlie
many branches of business carried on in
communities, there are none that con-
tribute more to the general convenience,
and are more generally needed, than that
of manufacturing fine oil, made by re-
sponsible parties. The Birmingham
branch of Messrs. Leonard & Ellis, man-
ufacturers of the celebrated Valvoline
Lubricating Oil, was established January
16, 1887, and a fine business has been
done in this region of the country since
that date.

The headquarters of this well-known
firm are in New York City, but Messrs.
Leonard & Ellis have brancli houses
throughout the globe, in London, Paris,
Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Fran-
cisco and St. Louis. This oil is strictly
cylinder and machine oil, and as such
has a world-famed reputation. The man-
ager of the Birmingham house is Mr. H.
R. Boorse, a native of Pennsylvania. He
is an able and energetic business man,
and it is owing to liis careful manage-
ment that tliis Comjjany has met with
such success iji this region of the coun-
try.

Real Estate.

J. D. CHICHESTER, 2105 Second
avenue. — The year 1887 witnessed the
rise of several real estate firms in the
city, among which must be mentioned
that of Mr. J. D. Chichester, a gentleman
of unusual enterprise, whose office may
be found at 2105 Second avenue.

Lie has l)een a resident of this city
three years, and is from Winchester,
Virgiina, where he was in the mercantile
l)usiness for a nundjer of years. His
business has already assumed large pro-
portions, owing to the strict attention
which he gives to' all matters of l)usiness
entrusted to him, as well as judicious
management and strict integrity in all
dealings.

]\Ir. Cliichester does an extensive busi-
ness in l)uying, selling and renting city
and subui'ban properties, being thor-
oughly posted as regards the value. He
is a man of the finest character, and it is
for this and the al)ove mentioned reasons
that all parties who contemplate invest-
ment, or sale of city or suburi)an prop-
erty, are invited to call at his ofiice,
where every accommodation will be
shown them.

Real Estate.

J. A. YEATES, Real Estate Broker,
180-1: Third avenue. — The business was
founded in 1883, succeeding the tii"m of
Battle & Yeates.

From the outset, INIr. Yeates' business
has been a sub.stantial and growing one.
Every description of city and suburban
realtj' is bought, sold or rented on com-
mission, while a general collection busi-
ness is done.

This enterprising gentleman was bom
in Jackson County, Alabama. He be-
longs to the Free Masons, and is a
Knight Templar. He formerly was en-
gaged in business in one of the largest
wholesale grocery houses in Mobile,
where he is well-known and most highly
respected and esteemed in trade circles.
He bears an excellent character, and is
possessed of sterling integrity, and is.
considered one of Birmingluvm's repre-
sentative business men.

Real Estate.
ARRINGTON & ELLIS, No. 215
Twenty-first street, between Second and
Third avenues. — Among the enterprising,
firms of real estate and insurance agents,
engaged in business here, that of Arring-
ton & Ellis have a first-class reputation^.

Birmingham.

151

both gentlemen bringing to bear excep-
tional qualilications as regards expe-
rience, ability and intlnential connec-
tions.

This office liegan business September
1, 1886, and have advanced equal to that
of any firm in the city. They offer spe-
cial inducements to those desiring resi-
dence property, also to capitalists from
the North and West, seeking invest-
ments.

They conti'ol the insuring of large lines
of citv' property, and are al;)le, expe-
rienced underwriters, issuing a clearly
worded policy. Their premiums are the
lowest, and their payments prompt.
They are gentlemen of upright, honest
intentions.

G. C. Arrington is a native of Greene
Count}', Alabama, and was formerly a
merchant at Forkland, Alabama.

C. C. Ellis is from the same county,
and was an itinerant ministei' of the 31.
E. Church.

Hoiisefurnishing Goods.

HOOPER & BAIN, No. 309 North
Twentieth street. — A well-conducted and
deservedly prosperous business enter-
prise is that of iMessrs. Hooper & Bain,
309 North Twentieth street.

They are dealers in housefurnishing
goods, stoves, tinware, refrigerators and
coolers. The commodious and well-
arranged store is supphed with all
requisite facilities ; a full and complete
stock of materials is carried, and all work
pertaining to the trade is executed in
the best manner.

Special attention is paid to roofing,
guttering and tin repairs. The store-
room is in the handsome Watts Build-
ing.

Mr. Hooper is a native of South Caro-
lina, and Mr. Bain of Georgia.

They embarked in the present enter-
prise in May, 1888, and by superior work
and fair and equitable dealings have
secured a patronage and reared a busi-
ness which places them among the fore-
most in their branch of industry.

Booksellers and Stationers.

C0PP:LAND & STONE, Booksellers
and Stationers, 2014 Second avenue. —
The house of Coj^eland & Stone was es-
tablisiied in 1886. The location is at
2014 Second avenue, where they occup}^
a handsome brick building, three stories
and 25 X 120 feet. This house does one
of the largest retail and wholesale trades

in the city in the book and stationery
line. They sell all kinds of school, mis-
cellaneous and blank books and letter
presses, and printers' stock. Fine sta-
tionery is a specialt}' of the house. The
store is spacious and conveniently ar-
ranged for the displa}' of goods. This
firm has met with fine success from the
moment the enterprising proprietors
embarked in the enterprise.

jNIr. Copeland is from Morgan County,
Alabama, and his partner, Mr. R. I.
Stone, of Dallas County. The success of
this firm is, no doubt, owing entirely
to their untiring energy, enterprise and
thorough knowledge of the business.

Liquors and Cigars.

J. C. MARKS & COMPANY, Whole-
sale Wines, Liquors and Cigars, 2117
Second avenue. — Good wine, like a good
friend, is the exception, but in this city
it can be found in the wholesale wine,
liquor and cigar house of J. C. j\Iarks &
Co. The firm was organized May 1, 1887.
The premises occupied are large, being
23 X 130 feet in dimensions, together
with a warehouse in rear of building.
The building is four stories, and among
the handsomest in the city. The repu-
tation of this firm for handling first-class
goods is and always has been widesiiread.
They supph' the trade in general with
the purest and finest l)rands of imported
wines, liquors and cigars. They also
are distillers' agents. The house keeps
constantly a large stock at hand of
brandies, cordials, absinthe, etc., as well
as American native wines, such as Cali-
fornia and Virginia clarets and catawba
of the purest make. Tlie proprietors, J.
C. Marks and A. S. Loventhal, compose
the firm.

Mr. Marks was born in Kentucky. He
was formerly in business in a large
wholesale dry goods house at Cincinnati.
Mr. Loventhal is a native of Germany.
He is a Free Mason and a member of the
I. O. B. B. He used to travel with great
success for mercantile houses. He is
well known throughout this section and
Kentucky as a prominent man, having
been for ten years the most efficient and
respected President of the Loventhal
Academy at Lebanon, Kentucky, which
was named after him. He presided over
two hundred students at this establish-
ment, and was always most popular
in his very responsible position. The
firm of J. C. Marks & Co. is known as
one of strict commercial integrity, and
as such is highly esteemed.

152

North Alabama.

Mercantile Agency.

R. G. DUN & COMPANY, Mercan-
tile Agency, Robt. S. McKnight, ]Man-
ager, 2005 First avenue. — Tlie univer-
sally known INIercantile Agency of Messrs.
R. G. Dun & Comi^any is one of the
fixed, firm and indispensable institu-
tions of this country. It has done more
than any other one concern to encour-
age and strengthen honest, honorable
industry and to check the evils of an in-
discriminate and baseless credit system.
The Dun Mercantile Agency was orig-
inally organized in the city of Birming-
ham in the year 1885. From that time
to the present it has pursued the even
tenor of its way, growing with the growth
of the country, increasing in importance
and influence and continually extend-
ing the range of its force and facilities.
The Birmingham office is one of its most
prominent and important branches, and
has been in successful and continuous
operation since it was opened.

The jurisdiction of this office covers a
large portion of Northern Alabama, and
is connected with the main office and
every branch in the Union and the Do-
minion of Canada, with all of which it
is in direct telegraphic communication.
It is almost impossible to overestimate
or overstate the vast practical utility of
the services of this agency to the busi-
ness men of this country, or of the Bir-
mingham branch to the merchants and
manufacturers of this section. Its in-
vestigations are characterized by exceed-
ing carefulness and thoroughness, while
its reports and statements are impartial
and accurate. The law and collection
department of Dun's INIercantile Agency
is one of its most pronounced and im-
portant features, and has jiroved of in-
valuable service to a vast number of
business men. Through this depart-
ment it undertakes the collection of past
due debts in every portion of the United
States and Canada, engaging for this
special purpose a corps of able and re-
sponsible attorneys, and guaranteeing
the payment of all monies collected by
them. Substantial and practical evi-
dence of the efficiency of this branch
is the fact that since its organization the
Agency has collected and paid more
than $] 0,000. The officers of the Agency
here are located at 2005 First avenue. A
large reportorial and clerical force is con-
stantly employed, and very special at-
tention is given to the collection and
classification of facts relating to the con-
dition of the iron and coal industries of

this region. The management of its af-
fairs is in the capable hands of Mr. Robt.
S. McKnight. Conspicuous for his
promptness, energy and executive ability,
he is admirably qualified for the ardu-
ous position he fills, and he has the con-
fidence and resi^ect of the commercial
community.

Insurance and Real Estate.

DUNN & PHELPS, Insurance, Stocks,
Bonds and Real Estate, Room 16, Office
Building, First avenue. — The business
represented by these gentlemen was
commenced in 1878. They occupy a
nicely appointed office in the Caldwell-
Milner Building. They represent a
number of reliable insurance companies
and do business in real estate, also in
the brokerage line. Mr. F. C. Dunn
was formerly in the coal business in F.
C. Dunn & Co.'s coal mines. Corona,
Alabama; also with Dunn Brothers &
Leek in railroad contracting for three
years. F. C. Dunn was in the insurance
business in Virginia up to 1880 for the
five years previous. Mr. J. W. Phelps
has added strength to this already strong
firm, and so they push along to success,
establishing for themselves reputations
not made and lost in a day, but gaining
substantial and warm business and social
friends, paving the way for future pop-
ularity. We bespeak for them a liberal
patronage.

Hotels.

LUNSFORD HOTEL — Conspicuous
among these institutions which make
Birmingham the compeer of any city
in the land is the hotel whose name by
rapid strides is beginning to assume such
an influential place in the general wel-
fare of the people. The building was
.erected in 1887, on the best plans, and
furnished with all modern conveniences.
Running up five stories above the street
it forms one of the highest as well as
one of the handsomest structures of the
city. In keeping therewith is its interior
fitted up in the most elegant manner.
Its luxurious ladies' and gentlemen's
parlors with Russian rugs and silk divans
convey the idea of oriental ease. Its
bedrooms throughout the entire house
are furnished with the latest style of
oak and cherry furniture, wire spring
beds, couches, etc. They have both,
open fire places and stoves. They
are, without exception, the finest in
the South. The dining hall is well

Birmingham.

153

lighted from three sides, can seat over
one hundred people comfortably, and
here, we might add, is to be found every
dish in season, carefully prepared and
served in the neatest and most palatable
manner the most exacting could desire.
The house is lit by electricity and gas
throughout ; electric bells and alarms in
every room. The service is polite, and
the proprietor takes special care to at-
tend to his guests' wishes in every par-
ticular. The hotel is admiralily located
in the center of the city, adjacent to,
but away from the noise of the main
thoroughfare, on Twenty-first street,
between Second and Third avenues. It
has a well appointed l^ar, is two blocks
from the postoffice, while the telegraph
office adjoins it. The hotel, since it
came under the present able manage-
ment in April last, has been most lib-
erally and successfully conducted, noth-
ing being left unturned to make guests
remember their pleasant stay. Mr. W.
G. Lunsford, the proprietor, is a son of
George Lunsford, one of the builders
who has made and who has been made
by Birminuham's phenomenal growth.
Mr. A\". G. Lunsford is also extensively
engaged as a contractor and builder,
though his genial and entertaining per-
son is generally to be found at the hotel.
He is ably assisted by his wife in attend-
ing to the establishment, and is to be
congratulated on its rapidly and steadily
increasing popularity with both the
traveling and resident public. Its rates,
from $2 a day up, are, considering the
superior accommodation, as reasonable
as any in the country.

Boobs and Stationery.

JOHN B. RODEN, AVholesale and Re-
tail Bookseller and Stationer, 1908 Second
avenue, between Nineteenth and Twen-
tieth streets.— Among the importantand
representative establishments of this
city that deserve special mention we
note with pleasure that of John B.
Roden. This enterprise dates from 1875,
since which time it has enjoyed a pros-
perous and increasing business. The
store occupied by Mr. Roden at No. IdiOS
Second avenue is a two-story brick struc-
ture 25 X 140 in surface dimensions, and
the general appointments embrace all re-
quisite facilities. He does a first-class
jobbing business in fine stationery, books,
school supplies, gold pens and sundries
in the stationery liue. The local retail
trade is lai-ge. Mr. Roden has also es-
tablished, two doors below his book

store, another mercantile house, where
he carries a large and select assortment
of musical instruments, sheet music,
music books, and musical merchandise
of all descriptions, also a complete and
reliable stock of jewelry, consisting of
everything desirable in the wide range
of this class of merchandise, suited to all
tastes and means. The location of both
of these establishments is admirable for
business purposes, and they are the
most prominent features of the busy
thoroughfare on which they are situated.
Mr. Roden is a native of Alabama, but
prior to engaging in business in Birming-
ham was occupied in agricultural pur-
suits in the Lone Star State. He has
developed wonderful executive ability,
being peculiarly adapted to the manage-
ment of his several business enterprises.
He has successfully established a branch
house in Gadsden, Alabama, carrying a
large stock of music and stationery. He
is widely known in commercial circles,
and enjoj'S the respect and esteem of his
many patrons and business men through
the State.

Rubber Stamps, Etc.

AUSTIN, HULL & COMPANY, Man-
ufacturers of Rubber Stamps, etc., 1916
Third avenue, is the only house of the
kind in Birmingham. The firm was es-
tablished on the 1st of April, 1888.
Messrs. Austin & Hull are from Orleans
County, New York, and Covington,
Kentucky, respectively, the former being
a Free Mason and Odd Fellow and be-
longing to the Knights of Pythias. All
kinds of rubber stamps, steel stamps,
stencils, wax seals, check protectors, seal
presses, etc., are manufactured. White
letters are a specialty of the house. They
do all the house numbering in the city.
The firm has enjoyed an enviable repu-
tation for unexcelled and skillful work
in the various branches of their enter-
prise, and all work is done at reasonable
charges and in a prompt and painstaking
manner. The members of this firm are
practically skilled in every detail of the
business engaged in, and deservedly are
regarded as leading representatives in
their avocation.

Paper Warehouse.

ALABAMA PAPER COMPANY, 215

Twentieth street. — Among the active
and enterprising firms of this city none
are more worthy of favorable mention
than, that of the Alabama Paper Com-

154

North Alabama.

pany, which has witliin a foini>aratively ]
brief period l)uilt up .sneh a hirge whole-
sale trade in writing paper, \vra2)i)ing
paper, paper bags, etc. This house was
established in June, bSSS. A two-story
bi'ick building is occui)ied, beside which
the most spacious storage room else-
where in the city. The scoj)e of trade is
large, extending through Alabama, Mis-
sissippi and Georgia. Printers' supplies
of all kinds are a s])ecialty of the house.
Every facility is at hand for promptly
tilling the largest orders. To the line of
pajier bags the trade will lind the stock
here best adapted to their requirements,
while the prices cannot be duplicated
elsewRere. The success of the Corai)any
in this section is owing to the abilities
of Mr. L. W. Smith, the manager, a
native of Georgia. He has achieved for
the firm an enviable reputation for sound
judgment and a ])rom])t, honorable busi-
ness policy, and their far-reaching mer-
cantile connections are of direct value to
the city.

Banking.

STEINER BROS.— The rapid strides
Birmingham is making toward taking
her place as a metropolitan city is wholly
clue to the enter])rise and intelligence
of her citizens, among whom none are
more j^rominent than the gentlemen
whose familiar names form the head-
ing of our article. The institution of
Steiner Bros, was founded on the 1st of
May, 1888, on First avenue, and is un-
doubtedly one of the most substantial
and best conducted ]irivate l)anking
houses in the State, having jnaintained,
from the first days the doors were
opened to the public, a rank and stand-
ing equal to any other bank. The cap-
ital stock of the bank is $75,000, and
thus it can meet any demands wliich
may be made upon it, the confidence
which is felt in it l)eing shown by the
largely increa.sing business.

Messrs. B. and S. Steiner are natives of
Austria. They are assisted by experi-
enced clerks, whose politeness adds im-
measurably to the pleasure of doing
business "with them. Their standing as
bankers is in keejnng with the jn-oud
position Birmingham has always held
as a moneyed center. I\Iany of the best
concerns do their banking through
them. The ^Messrs. Steiner take a lea<i-
ing part in all matters which are ad-
vanced for both the material and moral
good of the community, and are con-
sidered among those Ujion whose shoul-

ders rests the future welfare of Birming-
ham. Their bank is on Fir.st avenue,
near Twentieth street, in the Hewlett
Block.

Banking, Real Estate, Etc.

ADAMS, MEADE & CO., Bankers,
Real Estate and Insurance. — Foremost
among the private l)anking institutions
of this section of the country we men-
tion that of Adams, Meade & Co.. es-
tablished on the 1st of March, LSS8, and
located at No. 2005 First avenue. They
are the successors to jMessrs. Adams &
Falls, who succeeded Adams, Falls &
Finney. The members of the firm are
Mes,srs. Geo. G. Adams, Jas. T. Meade
and Robert J. Tuttle, of Tennessee,
Mississijipi and Alabama respectively.
A very extensive general banking busi-
ness is done, interest being paid quar-
terly on deposits. Adanis, Meade ct Co.
also do a large business in real estate and
insurance, buying, selling or exchanging
real estate and giving special attention
to the collection of rents. The com-
modious premises are fitted nj:) in a
style of appropriate neatness, while the
general appointment embraces all req-
uisite facilities. The patronage re-
ceived includes the best city and sub-
urban custom, and the general busi-
ness is prosperous. The ujembers of
this institutioii are well-known business
men of established integrity, and to their
well directed and conservative manage-
ment maj^ be ascribed the general pop-
ularity and eminent status of the insti-
tution.

Real Estate Lawer.

J. J. McDAYID, Real Estate Lawyer,
Room 10, "Watts Building. — Among the
leading real estate lawyers in this city
we notice conspicuously ^Ir. .1. J. Mc-
David, who has been eminently success-
ful in promoting the interests of the city.
The business was established by Messrs.
Hoyt ifc Dearljorn, who were succeeded
by Messi's. McDavid, Bradford & Co.,
whom the existing firm succeeded. Mr.
McDavid has developed a widely ex-
tended trade throughout the Southern
States, and conducts a large enterprise
in the purchase, sale, exchange and
renting of property. He is a recognized
authority as to the present and j^ros-
jiective value of the residential and busi-
ness sections of the city, and numbers
among his customers many prominent
investors and pi'operty owners. Mr.

Birmingham.

155

McDavid was born in Madison County,
Alabama, and is an active and popular
member of the bar. He resided in
Huntsville tbirty-tive years, and bas
lon<i been identiiied with the profession
lie now pursues. He bas bad a lifedong
exi^erienee, and bis professional abilities
are of tbe bigbest order. He read law
in tbe office of Walker & Brickells, in
Huntsville. Hisotficeis locatedat Koom
10, Watts Building, corner Tliird avenue
and Twentietb street.

The Union Depot Restaurant.

It is justly said tbat tbe progress of a
•community depends not so mucb on tbe
natural advantages and facilities it offers
as upon tbe cbaracter of its men. Among
sucb wbo have abetted and stand prom-
inent in the solid and great advance-
ment that is triinspiriug on all sides in
Birmingham tbe name of C. H. Nabb is
prominent. This gentleman, a native of
Xentucky, is the enterprising proprietor
of tbe Union Depot Restaurant. It was
opened in June, 1887, by .S. P, Jones,
Mr. Knabb taking charge of affairs on
tbe 21st of April, 1888. He keeps tbe
laest table in tbe city, and has a dining-
room capable of seating one hundred
and fifty people. In tiiis spacious din-
ingroom, which is -10x50 feet, tbe most
savory v'anils are spread. The room is
tastily furnished, lighted witli elec-
tric lights, and is the largest and most
pleasant eatingroom in tbe city. He is
assisted by a number of clerks and
waiters. His rooms are frequently
used by special parties for banqueting
purposes. JNIr. Nal)l) was general man-
ager of tbe Southern Railway News
Company, Louisville, for a length of
time. His success in life is the reward
of ability and perseverance. There ai-e
few men who know their bu.siness better

than he, never failing to give satisfac-
tion to all. He is an upright citizen and
an important accession to the city's
business men.

Cotton Buyers.

SMITH & COUGHLAN, Birmingham
and Gadsden. — No class of commercial
business advances a city more than those
who advance the faruiing interests of tbe
covintry, and thereby the producing sup-
ply. This is done more jiaiticularly by
tbe commission men of tbe city. Tbe
firm heading this sketch bas been in
operation about five years, and have a
ripe experience in the handling as well
as in the markets for selling the fleecy
staple.

AVitb ample cash to buy, Messrs.
Smitli & Cougblan are pieparecl to make
liberal advances on cotton. They have
another office at Gadsden, Alabama, in
connection with the cotton "business.

Mr. F. G. Smith is a native of Nash-
ville, Tennessee. He lias been engaged
in tbe steamboat business for many
years. He is well known in the city as
Pi-esident of tbe South Anniston Land
Com pan j^

His partner, Mr. J. H. Cougblan, is a
native of Boston.

Their long experience in the bu.siness,
with their extensive correspondence and
acquaintance with tbe cotton markets of
the world, has fitted them to realize good
prices for cotton, which brings them the
most liberal orders. Tbe firm is a lead-
ing one in tbe cotton trade, and is
entitled to the confidence of the readers
of tbe history of Birmingham, who
have orders of cotton to give, and desire
a good firm, possessed of executive abil-
ity in this line of business.

This is but a brief account of a firm
which, in every way, is worth}' of tbe
success it has attained, and the esteem
in which it is held by the entire commu-
nitv.

Lumber, Etc.

YOUNGBLOOD & EHRMAN.— This
enterpi'ising firm of lumber dealers was
estal)lisbed May 1, 1887. The firm sup-
plies in any quantity yellow pine lum-
ber, as fine as any to be found in the
State. A flourishing trade is carried on
in tbe city and throughout the State and
tbe South. Large purchases of material
and supplies are made in the South. The
yards, which are most conveniently
located on the corner of Morris avenue

156

North Alabama.

and Twenty-fourth street and along two
lines of railroads, contain all needed
equipments for conducting the trade.
All orders left here are attended to with
promptitude and are accurately filled.
The services of several men are required
in the constant liandling of lumber.
Yellow pine flooring is a specialty of this
firm.

Mr. W. Youngblood was born in Pike
County, Alal)ama. He is by profession
a lawyer, though he is not in active
practice.

Mr. R. Elirman, a native of this State,
resides at Clanton, Alabama, where he
carries on a most flourishing dry goods
and grocery business. He belongs to
the order of Masons.

The}' are men of fine business integrity
and are well known and respected by
all. Possessing, as they do, extensive
business connections and always prompt
and reliable, and having an estaljlished
reputation (which is a sure guarantee
that they will perform their contracts to
the letter), there is no better firm with
which to establish business relations
than that of Youngblood & Ehrman.

Merchant Tailors.

WM. SXYDEPv & SONS, 206 Nine-
teenth street.— A mercantile establish-
ment which has enjoyed a high reputa-
tion in business circles from the time it
was established — February, 1887 — may
justly be regarded as a reliable concern,
and a good one with which to establish
trade relations. Such a house is "NVm.
Snyder & Sons, 206 Nineteenth street,
under Florence Hotel. Mr. Snyder, dur-
ing the first sumiDer he was in business
had such a growing trade he was com-
pelled to increase his stock and help, to
meet the wants of his friends and cus-
tomers, and in the October of the same
year the firm of Wm. Snyder & Sons was
formed, and at this time is doing one of
the finest trades in the city. Tlieir stock
is new and has been selected with great
care. The premises are fitted up and
furnished with every facility and con-
venience for the display of the stock and
the prompt filling of orders. Custom
work of all kinds is executed to order,
a liberal and infiuential trade having
been secured throughout the city. Mr.
AVm. Snyder, senior, was born in INIer-
cersburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania.
He is a Presbyterian, a Mason and a
member of the Knights of Pythias, and
of Honor, also of the Legion of Honor.
His sons, W. 0. and H. S. Snyder, are

natives of Franklin County, Pennsyl-
vania. The former is a member of the
Legion of Honor, and is single, the latter
is a Presbyterian, a member of the Legion
of Honor and married. The above firm
has cast its lot with the good people of
the "Magic City," and should be patron-
ized, being one of the most reliable
merchant tailoring establishments here>

Iron Worlis.

ALABAMA IRON AVORKS, corner
Avenue D and Eleventh street. — Con-
spicuous among tlie industries of Bir-
mingham are the- spacious works of the-
Alabama Iron Works, situated at the
corner of Avenue D and Eleventh street.
These works were established in August,
1886. The premises occupied consist of
two large departments, the ■« rouglit and
cast iron department and, the foundry,
each being 50 x 100 feet in dimensions, a
very large number of hands being daily
employed. Railroad and miniiig sup-
plies are manufactured here and all kinds
of wrought and cast iron work are made
to order. The President of this corpora-
tion is Mr. Henry Behrens, a native of"
Denmark. This gentleman belongs to the
Knights of Pythias. He formerly kept,
a store on Twelfth street and Sixth avenue.
The Vice-President is Mr. George Veitch,.
a native of A labama. The Secretary and
Treasurer is Mr. W. W. Barclay, whO'
was born in West Virginia. He is
thoroughly acquainted with tlie business,,
having been in it two years here, and two-
years in Pennsylvania. He taught in a^
school and was general secretary of the
Young Men's Christian Association ini
Birmingham for one year. Mr. J. Smith,,
a native of Denmark, is the able Sui)er-
intendent. These works are considered,
one of the finest equipped iron works in.
the city. Proposals are received for all
kinds of iron work, which are always
filled with the greatest promi^titude and,
in the most satisfactory way.

Furniture.

AV. L. DENNIS. — Amongthose in the-
furniture and household goods business-
in this city is Mr. W. L. Dennis. He
established here October 5, 1887. Mr.
Dennis' store is admirably located on
North Twentieth street. He has a large
trade in the buying and selling of second
hand furniture, and is thoroughly con-
versant with all the details of his par-
ticular line of business. The store is-

Birmingham.

157

located on Twentieth street, corner of
Fourth avenue.

Mr. Dennis is a native of Centreville,
Virginia, and is a Free Mason. He has
been engaged in many enterprises — pro-
duce, furniture, grocery and the cotton
business — at Memphis for ten years.
Mr. Dennis l:)ears a fine character, and
is a practical business man, his ex-
perience and judgment in all matters re-
lating to his business being widely
known to his patrons.

Hotel.

HOTEL ROYAL, corner First avenue
and Eighteenth street. — In reviewing the
important enterprises of a city, we speak
of none of so much vital interest to its
prosperity as the conduct and character
of the hotels. It is from these visitors
form their opinion.

One among the important hotels in
Birmingham is the Hotel lioyal, within
one square of the Union Depot. The
building is a handsome specimen of
architecture, three stories, and is fitted
in a thorough manner with all modern
improvements and lighted by the incan-
descent electric system. The rooms for
accommodation of guests are well ar-
ranged and attractively decorated and
furnished. With attractive entrances
and occupying the corner, as it does, it
is thoroughly ventilated and has a pleas-

ing outlook. It is of brick, being very
near absolute fire proof. Every depart-
ment of the house is convenient, in com-
plete repair and well conducted. The
cook and steward of this house know
how to prepare viands for the table in
the most appetizing forms ; the table is
laden with the substantials and the deli-
cacies of the season. The house has ac-
commodations for seventy-five guests,
whilst the spacious dining-roona will seat
200 people. It was established in 1887
by Messrs. Johnson & Nichols, the en-
terprising proprietors. Their aim will
be to make this the most pleasant house
in Birmingham, and it is with pleasure
that we refer our readers to this estab-
lishment, Avhere we are confident they
will receive all the comforts and atten-
tions which the most exacting may de-
mand.

Photographers.

REDINGTON, No. 1915 Second ave.—
The two art photographic studios situated
at Nos. 1915 and 2003 Second avenue,
under the skillful direction of Mr. Red-
ington have obtained a reputation second
to none in the city. Since the establish-
ment of this studio in .Tanuarx', 1887, this
gentleman has shown to his many
patrons that he thoroughly understands-
his profession.

Photographic work of every description

158

North Alabama.

is here produced in the hijrhest style of ! as low as tlie lowest, and quality niiex-
the art. Also portraits in crayon, pastel, j celled. The store is neatly and hand-
water colors and iiidia ink of the highest ' soniely arranged, and near the center of
artistic merit. The portraits taken in ' business. From the tin^X the trade of
his gallery are triumphs of the photo- 1 this house has contiimeil to grow in
grapher's art, and ^h\ lledington has popularity until now its patronage em-
won a deserved reputation for tiie j braces many of the most substantial
superior merit of all work executed by i business men of the city. I>r. Smith is
him. He has all the necessary modern i a cautious, conscientious Imsiness man,
apparatus and apj)liances, and is con-
stantly adding improvements to already I
ample facilities. I

Mr. D. C. Iledington is a native of'
Kentucky, and a man of wide reputation j
as a l)usiness man, having fornjerly en- j
^aged in the drug lousiness He is a |
popular and well-known Imsiness man,
and since the inception of his enterprise
here has made a marked success, which !
is the best evidence that his work is a])- !
predated by the people of Birmingham, |
and lie enjoys the patronage of the very
best residents of the city and surround-
ing country.

a gentleman of !)usim',ss ability, one

who devotes himself to his wf)rk, and

who' has in consetjuence achieved a
success.

Druggist and Pharmacist,

_ M. M. SMITH, Druggist and Pharma
cist, 116 Twenty-lirst street. — In review
ing the A'arious mercantile enterprises i
which contribute to the business pros- :
perity and importance of this city we \
give a portion of our space to the well j
known house which is the immediate !
subject of review. No druggist is prob- 1
ably betterknown tlian Dr. M. M. Smith.
The firm was established in ]88G, Dr.
Smith coming from Tuskegee, Alabama,
the place of liis nativitj', where he was
engaged for a number of years in the
same business. He is an experienced
pharmacist, and makes a specialty of till-
ing physicians' prescriptions. His stock
of drugs is fresh and pure, and are
compounded with care. In addition to
drugs and chemicals he carries a fine line
of toilet articles, iierfumerv, fancy soaps,
brushes, patent medicines, druggists'
sundries, garden seeds, and a choice line
of tobaccos and cigars. The prices are

Booksellers and dationers.

SMITH ct 3I()NTGOMERY.— Con-
spicuous among the old established busi-
ness houses which form the basis of the
commer^'ial wealth and importance of
this pros])erous trade center should be
mentioned that of Smith t^ ^Montgomery,
whole.'^ale and retail booksellers, station-
ers, printers, bookbinders, etc. They
deal also in a si)ecial supply of architects'
and engineers' sup])lies. ihis liouse was
estalilished in bS4:! by Sorsby anil Smith,
and has been, since the present firm suc-
ceeded the old, more prosi>erous than
before. Tlie well-arranged f)remises oc-

Birmingham.

159

cupied is the two-story brick stoi-e, No.
2022 First avenue— 25 x 140 feet in dimen-
sion. Besides executing orders for print-
ing, etc., the firm einploj" four first-class
salesmen and make a specialty of jobbing
in stationery and Itlank books of every
•description ; while the immense stock of
goods pertaining to this trade, together
with base ball goods, tennis, croquet and
archery sets — all are handsomely dis-
played in the salesrooms.

Mr. Smith is from Memphis, Tennes-
see, and JNIr. Montgomery is from Lewis-
Tburg, West Virginia.

Tobacconists.

HARRALSON BROS. & CO., Twen-
tieth street, between First and Second
avenues.— One among the most enter-
prising firms of this city is Harralson
Bros. & Co. This house was established
in 1886, and since that time has trans-
acted an immense business in this city
and surrounding country. The Harral-
son Brothers, seven in number, were
t)orn in North Carolina, but have lived
xnany j^ears in Georgia and Alaliama. It
is a remarkable family and their history
is a most interesting one. They are
known through the States of Alabama,
Tennessee and Georgia, and their repu-
tation as business men is held in high
regard throughout the South. They will
not handle any but the very best of
goods, consisting of the finest quality of
cigars, tobaccos, .snufi', etc. Among the
leading brands carried by this enterpris-
ing firm are : "Lucy Hinton," "Man's
Pride," "Missing Link" and other popu-
lar brands of the times. Mr. B. H.
Harralson, the senior member of the
firm, is a gentleman whose business
qualification can not be over estimated.
He is energetic, possessed of fine business
ability, and is in thorougii rapport with
his life's work. He is known for his
l^romptness in meeting all obligations,
and sterling business worth. The same
can be said of the other members of this
popular firm. The business of this
house has increased to such an extent
that the members are contemplating
making arrangements for more spacious
quarters. The old ])atrons of this firm
will never aljandon it, and in the mean-
time new ones are added, and the
Harralson Bros, will always be found
«qual to the emergency, and will be
ready to receive and accommodate all
who favor them with their pati'onage.

Printing.

THE CALDWELL PRINTING COM-
PANY is one among the oldest l)tisiness
enterprises of Birjningham, having been
established since 1881.

The re})utation of this Company for
fine and artistic printing is second to
no other establishment in the South,
and its standing as a printing house is
among the foremost.

The works are located on Morris avenue,
2016, and is a complete establishment.
The building is a three-story brick and
30 X 125 feet in tsize. The office and press
room are on the first floor, the compos-
ing department occupies the second, and
the third floor is the bindery. The
presses, book, newspaper and job, are of
the latest and most approved pattern, no
expense having been spared in selecting
them. The work done is even, smooth
and uniform.

In tile composing room is an endless
variety of type, and here may be found
almost any style and size, either for deli-
cate card work or for the largest posters.
Fancy and oi-namentni jirinting in colors
is executed by this Company, they hav-
ing attained quite a re{)utation for colored
show bill work On the third floor, and
in the bindery, is the latest improved
machinery for cutting, folding, pasting
and binding. This department, as is

160

North Alabama.

the composing department, is under a
skillful foreman, assisted by a force of
competent binders and printers. All
work is executed with neatness and dis-
patch, and prices are as low as is consis-
tent with first-class work.

The Company has a capital of $50,000,
and the president is Mr. Chas. H. Cald-
well, son of Dr. H. M. Caldwell, the
president of the Elyton Land Companv.
Mr. J. M. Caldwell, brother of C. H.,ls
treasurer.

Both of these gentlemen are young
men of superior ability, and inherit the
admirable traits of their distinguished
father. They are industrious, prompt,
reliable, and enjoy the confidence of the
business public.

Academy.

BELLEVUE ACADEMY, Nineteenth
street and Fourteenth avenue. — Of the
popular and growing educational insti-
tutions in the State, that forming the
subject of this sketch, " The Bellevue
Academy," stands prominent.

It was founded in 1883, and has been
in successful operation since that time,
steadily advancing with the phenomenal
growth of the city.

It is conducted by Messrs. Henry and
Brittain, gentlemen eminently fitted for
the position by reason of their peculiar
and natural adaptation to the work, as
well as their thorough education and
long experience as teachers.

The building occupied by the school is
eligibly located on the corner of Nine-
teenth street and Fourteenth avenue,
and the general appointments include all
the modern conveniences and utilities
requisite for the advantageous manage-
ment of an academy. Tlie special object
of establishing this school was to furnish
facilities for the higher education of
girls, and preparing students for the ad-
vanced classes in college, and young men
for business.

Mr. Henry is a native of Blount
County, Alabama. Both principals were
educated in the Cumberland University,
Lebanon, Tennessee, where they took
the degree of A. M.

Mr. Henry makes a specialty of math-
ematics, and Mr. Brittain of languages.
There are 100 students in attendance.

Miss E. White, a teacher of experience
and talent, has the musical and art de-
partment, and has met with marked suc-
cess.

Catalogues and full particulars may be
procured by addressing Henry and Brit-

tain, postoffice box 494, Birmingham,
Alabama.

Druggist.

AMZI GODDEN, 2031 Second ave.—
Amzi Godden, one of the prominent,
druggists of this city, came to Birming-
ham before the "Boom." Foreseeing;
that the business portion of the city
would grow more rapidly toward the-
east than in any other direction he-
secured a most excellent site for his busi-
ness, 2031 Second avenue, corner of.'
Twenty-first street. Dr. Godden's nat-
ural characteristics have gained him>
many friends; his business ability and
prompt attention to the wants and wishes-
of his patrons have made his business a.
prosperous and growing one.

This drug house is a model of neatness,
and systematic arrangernent. In additioni
to the usual line of drugs and articles-
carried by a first-class house, there is a
fancy sundries department, where choice-
articles for the toilet and beautiful speci-
mens of vertu adorn the show cases. la
the prescription department special at-
tention is given to accuracy. Dr. God-
den gives personal supervision to the
filling of physicians' orders, and has ob-
tained a well-merited reputation for relia-
bility in compounding drugs.

Insurance.

WM. HANDY, Room 10, Hewlett
Block. — This enterprising gentleman is a
native Mississippian, and graduated with
great distinction at Oxford, the Univer-
sity of Mississippi. Col. Handy was ap-
pointed as the only Democrat in the
Supervisor's District in Mississippi to
supervise the census of the Second Dis-
trict in the census of 1880. At the com-
pletion of the enumeration he received
letters of the highest commendation from
Gen. Francis A. Walker. He was elected
to the Legislature in 1882 from Madison
County, one of the wealthiest and most,
intelligent in the State, and was recog-
nized as one of the ablest and safest lead-
ers in the lower house.

Colonel Handy is a most genial gentle-
man, and one of fine presence, "well
calculated to make and retain friends in
business He boasts of his chosen city
as without a rival, and points with pride
to the Hewlett Building, which was-
built mainly by his instrumentality. It.
is safe to predict for this gentleman and
his worthy Company, the Southern Life^
of Louisville, Ky., a successful and bright,
future.

Birmingham.

161

Brokers.
ALEXANDER & CORPENING, 1909|
First avenue. — The basis underlying the
commercial system is quite difl'erent
from that of twenty-five years ago. Not
many years ago commercial travelers and
merchandise brokers were unknown, but
now owing to the changes in the times
and the lightning-like rapidity which
•characterizes all business transactions,
they have become indispensable. A
ifirm here which takes a leading stand
with the grocery jobbers of Birming-
liam and con1;iguous territory we mention
Alexander & Corpening. Their ofiice is
at 1909j First avenue, over Allen, Scott
•& Co.'s store. They represent the heaviest
shippers and manufacturers in the
country, and sell goods on a small frac-
tional margin of profit. Mr. Alexander
is an Alabamian. He lived for a time in
Eufaula and Gadsden. He is possessed
of indomitable energy and enterprise.
Mr. Corpening, his partner, is a young
man, and a recent addition to the long
list of business men. He is a native of
North Carolina, and a graduate of the
United States Naval Academy. He is
active, intelligent and en rapport with
his business. Both members of the firm
stand high in commercial circles.

Real Estate and Brokerage.

J. M. CROWDER.— This is another
example of tlie men who have prospered
in this section of the country.

Mr. Crowder is a native of Virginia,
and served through the war in the
Nineteenth Regiment from his native
State, being later transferred to the treas-
ury department in Richmond, with the
rank of captain. He commenced busi-
ness for himself in 1856 as a tobacco
manufacturer, and in 1868 moved to Ala-
bama. He was in the insurance and
real estate business in Huntsville, and
also did considerable farming till 1884,
when he took the Riverside Mills, being
extensively engaged in the lumber and
planing mill business till 1888, when he
retired on a well-earned fortune to settle
in Birmingham. He has extensive min-
eral lands on his books in Lamar and
this county. He intends engaging in the
machinery business on an extensive
scale, and is opening relations with the
leading houses in that line. He has been
a Mason since 1866 and is a Knight of
Honor, a fine financier and an agreeable
gentleman. Capt. C. eminently demands
the attention of those looking for invest-
ments or sale of their property.

Trust and Savings Company.

THE BIRMINGHAM TRUST AND
SAVINGS COMPANY, Elyton Land
Company's Building, Twentieth street. —
This company was organized in Decem-
ber. 1887, with a subscribed capital of a
half million dollars. The subscriptions
to its stock were made by leading citizens
of New York, Baltimore, Montgomery
and Birmingham, who design that it shall
become one of the leading and influential
corporations of the South, an honor and
a blessing not only to the enterprising
city of Birmingham but to the State of
Alabama as well.

Its design is to offer a perfect guarantee
b}' its large capital and conservative
management to the poorer and working
classes for their small savings, and thus
encourage the spirit of economy and
thrift among them which has been so
influential in building up the flourishing
towns and cities of the North. By the
gathering of these littles into strong in-
stitutions money has been cheaper,
manufacturing institutions have been
built up and demand for labor increased.

Thus a four-fold blessing has returned
to the depositor. It has taught him to
save. The interest compounded has
increased his small capital. Interest has
been lowered so a poor man can borrow
money advantageously and the increased
demand for labor caused by the enter-
prises which cheap money induces brings
better wages.

Deposits as low as one dollar are re-
ceived, and interest is compounded,
semi-annually on all deposits of $5 and.
above up to $5,000.

It entered into its permanent quarters,
near the Union Depot, on June 20th. Its
banking rooms are the handsomest in
the State.

Its Board of Directors are of well
known and successful capitalists. Its
President is Dr. H. M. Caldwell, who is
known wherever Birmingham is heard
of for his wonderful success in manag-
ing the afi'airs of Elyton Land Company.
The Vice-President is SamuelJ. Murphy,
an old Alabamian, who has been living
in New York for many years a retired
merchant, and its Cashier is M. G. Hud-
son, late of Mobile, Alabama.

Its stock subscription was called
for 10 per cent, monthly, but has been
paid in more rapidly, so that when the
bank entered into its pei-manent quar-
ters on the 20th of June more than four-
fifths of its capital had been paid in, and
it is now looked upon as one of the solid
institutions of the city.

162

North Alabama.

SKETCHES OK LEADINO ATTORNEYS.

The Bar of this city is a credit to the State. It comprises much of the best
legal talent in the State, and among its members are found some of the finest
intellects and most eloquent orators in the South. The profession here has been
almost uniformly prosperous, and as an entirety has gained a wide reputation. We
append brief sketches of the ablest and most popular, and those most clo.sely iden-
tified with the growth and prosperitj' of Birmingham.

HEWITT, WALKER & PORTER,
2026 First Avenue.

This firm is, by common consent, con-
ceded to stand in the front rank of the
Alabama Bar, and is regarded as doing
the largest practice in the city.

Col. C. W. Hewitt, the senior, and
AVilliam A. Walker are both natives of
Jefterson County, and have been identi-
fied with the city of Birmingham since
its foundation ; they formed a partner-
ship in 187U and took in M. A. Porter in
1883.

Col. Hewitt was admitted to the bar
in 1856, and served as private in the
Tenth Alabama Regiment and as captain
in the Twenty-eiglith Alabama Regi-
ment till wounded at Chickanuuiga. He
was twice a meml)er of the Lower House
of the State Legislature and afterward of
the Senate. He was elected to Congress
in 1874, serving till 1886. He is a mem-
ber of the Masonic Commandery, and a
man of fine judgment, force and many
friends.

Mr. Walker served on the Mobile coast
in the army ; was admitted to the bar in
1867, and first practiced in Eiyton. He
was a member of the Legislature in 1878.
He is one of the finest speakers in this
State, and upon his shoulders devolve
largely the courtiiouse work of the firm.
He is a Master ^lason.

They are partners of the firm Hewitt,
McQueen & Co., of Walker County.

jMr. Porter is a son of the well-known
Judge, and was admitted to the bar in
1882. He is a lawyer of considerable
ability, and this year is nominated for
the Legislature, with every likelihood
of beinu; elected.

WEBB & TILLMAN,
Alabama National Bank Building.

This firm stands second to none in the
South and gives eminence and strength
to the Birmingham Bar. Mr. J. E.
Webb is a native of Hale County, and
was admitted to the bar in 1865 at Eutaw.
He practiced in Greensboro, and came
to Birmingham in 1884. He has had
several cases in the United States Supreme
Court. In the army he served on the
staffs of Rhodes, Stewart and Bearing
with the rank of captain. He was one
of the organizers, is vice president and a
dii-ector of the Chamber of Commerce.
He is a Knight of Pythias.

Mr. John P. Tillman is a native of
Dallas County, and was admitted in June,
1871. He practiced in Selma till January,
1888, when he moved to Montgomery
and gained a big reputation as special
reporter in the Supreme Court of
Decision. He moved to Birmingham in
1884, and in December the present part-
nership was formed. He is a Knight of
Honor. He was one of the codifiers of
the Statutes of the State which went into
efiect December^ 1887.

Birmingham

163

The firm has a large library and offices
in keeping with tlieir extensive practice.
Tliey are retaining eonnsel for tlie Berney
National Bank, Woodward Iron Com-
pany, East Birmingham Land Company,
Pioneer Mining and ^lannfacturing Com-
pany, Bessemer Land and Improvement
Company and a nnmber of otliers.

BUSH, BROAVX & WEBB,
Office Building.

This combination is one of the most
brilliant in the city and stands in the
front rank of the Birmingham Bar.

Mr. J. \V. Bush, the senior partner, is
a native of Virginia. He served in the
army in the Kinth Virginia Cavalry.
He studied law at the WiUiani and Mary
College, leaving it when the war broke
out. He was admitted in Virginia in
1866 and soon after came to Selma, where
he practiced two years. From 1861) to
1887 he was head of the firm of Bush,
Tayloe & Johnson, at Uniontown. Mr.
Bush was a member of the State Senate
from 1878 till 1"S82, and is a gentleman of
large intellect. He has been a member
of the lioyal Arch Chapter of Masons
ten years. He is president of the Hen-
derson Steel and Iron Company.

Mr. C. G. Brown, a native of JNIarion,
served in the army as a boy on Gen.
Garrett's staff, and wasarlmitted in 1868.
He practiced in Clarion till he came to
Birmingham in 1886. He was five years
district solicitor. He is a Knight of
Honor and a Knight of Pythias.

Mr. E. E, Wel)b has recently come to
Birmingham from Iowa, where he prac-
ticed twenty years in Boone, in that State.
He is a ]\Iason.

The firm is counsel for the Henderson
Steel Company, American National Bank,
Chi Ids & Co., etc. Thej' are pleasant
gentlemen, and are working for Birming-
ham's advancement.

WILLIAM J. CAHALAN,

Hood Building.

The practice of law calls into requisi-
tion more variety of talent than any
other business or profession and especially
in the province of criminal law, where
the attorney has to deal with the deepest
and strongest of human sentiments and
passions, for good or evil, is required the
keenest understanding and unlimited
powers of observation. Such a member
of the Birmingham Bar do we find in
Mr. Cahalan, who, possessed of mutual

qualities fitting him as an advocate com-
liined to years of close study and an in-
domitable energy has gained a wide
reputation and placed himself in the
front rank of the Bar in the South. In
this State he is by luany regarded as its
best advocate in a criminal defense. In
fact he is said to have acquitted more
'' guilty " persons than any lawyer at the
Bar. Mr. Cahalan is a native of Lex-
ington, Kentuckv, graduated from Spring
Hill College, [Mobile, in 1876. He studied
undei" R. H. Pearson and was admitted
to practice in 1883. Since then he has
enjoyed a steady and nott^ large practice.
He was leading counsel in thtTcelebrated
Sallie lioyd case, in the Ellis-Sullivan
trial, and has engineered most of the
principal criminal cases Mhich have come
up in this county in the last few years.
Of a retiring disposition, JMr. Cahalan
observes while other men speak, and in
detail of preparation for the courthouse
he leaves no stone unturned wliich will
weigh in the scale of evidence in favor
of his client.

GARRETT & UNDERWOOD,

First National Bank Building.

This tirm is one of the leading and
most influential at the Bar of tins city
and gives strength to the fraternity.

Jas. J. Garrett, the senior partner, was
born in North Carolina, his family mov-
ing to Alabama the following year. He
was reared in Greene County, received
his school education at Forkland, and
graduated from the Universitj' of Ala-
bama in 1856. He studied law with
Jas. D. Webb, of Greensboro : was ad-
mitted in 1857, and began practice at Liv-
ingston. He also edited the Livingston
[Messenger two years. He served in the
army ; first with Company G, Forty-
fourth Alabama, and latterly in the ord-
nance department. He resumed the
practice of his profession at Greensboro,
where he remained fifteen years and
gained a wide reputation throughout the
State. He was a year in Gallatin, Ten-
nessee, and in 1882 came to Birmingham.
Though never seeking office, he has
taken an active part in politics.

Mr. 0. W. LTnderwood was born and
reared in Louisville, Kentucky ; studied
at the University of Virginia, and was
admitted in 1884. The same year he
came to Birmingham and formed the
partnership, which has since gone on
successfully. Their handsome oflices
are well located in the central portion of

164

North Alabama.

the city, and their lai-ge business neces-
sitates the employment of three clerks.
They have a full set of abstracts of the
title of all conveyances and court records
of Jefferson County.

EICHARD H. FRIES,
2026^ First Avenue.

The Bar of Birmingham is noted for
its large number of successful young
lawyers, who are destining for the city
a future greater even than her marvel-
ous past, .\mong them the name of
Richard H. Fries stands out prominent.

Mr. Fries was born in Cincinnati,
Ohio, his family moving to Pensacola,
Florida, a few years later. He was edu-
cated at Spring Hill College, Mobile ;
studied law in Pensacola, and was ad-
mitted to practice in 1881. He rapidly
came to the front, built up a good busi-
ness, and also took an active part in the
political arena. To give his talents more
play he came to Birmingham in Novem-
ber last, and at once took his place in the
front rank of the Iron City lawyers. He
has matured a wonderful breadth of in-
tellect, is well versed in the principles
of law, and has principally important
cases put in his hands. A fluent speaker
he is often called on to address social
gatherings. He is now counsel in some
large criminal cases. He is one of the
special attorneys for the Georgia Pacific
Railroad and other corporations. In
Pensacola he became interested in the
Douglass Flexible Wheelbase Engine
now running there. He purchased
control of the stock, and with
others is having them built in Bir-
mingham, and will shortly introduce
them on the dummy lines. A pleasant
and entertaining gentleman, a musician
and elocutionist. Mr. Fries makes
friends of the best people wherever he
goes, and is a decided acquisition to the
vigorous ranks which are driving forward
this growing city.

JOHN VARY,

Alabama National Bank Building.

This young lawyer is an active
member of the bar, has made import-
ant use of the many opportunities
which he has had in making himself
a cultured gentleman and a successful
lawyer. He is a native of Marion, Ala-
bama, and studied at Howard College
and read law with his father, being ad-
mitted in 1883. He practiced a short

time in Marion and came to Birming-
ham in 1884, and up to this year was
associated in business with his uncle,
Judge ^y. M. Brooks. Since then he
has practiced law alone. He is a useful
member of the community, a Knight
of Pythias, and has many friends here.

AVHITE & WEATHERLY,
Hood Block.

This firm, lending eminent strength
to the Birmingham i>ar, was formed in
January lust, and is considered one of
the safest and "most reliable combina-
tions in the city.

Mr. Frank S. White, the senior part-
ner, is one of Birmingham's most lev^el-
headed men. He is a native Missis-
sippian, studied law at AVest Point, and
was admitted in 1868. He served in the
First Mississippi Cavalry under General
Forest. He practiced in Clay and ad-
joining counties, and also took a promi-
nent part in politics. He was a member
of the Legislature in 1876, being the
first Democrat elected from that county,
and prepared the first articles of im-
peachment against the Lieutenant Gov-
ernor. He was re-elected in 1882. By
giving liberal charters he induced more
miles of railroad to be built in 1882 than
all before. He came to Birmingham in
November, 1886. Mr. White did some
service for the Confederacy in the First
Mississippi Cavalry in the Western army
toward the close of the war. His part-
ner, Mr. James Weatherly, is a native of
Georgia, and was raised in Montgomeiy.
He was educated at Sewanee Univei'sity,
Tennessee, taught school in Montgomery
four years, and in June, 1879, took his
law degree from the State University.
He practiced in the capital city till
November, 1882, when he moved to
Birmingham, and has ever continued to
rise in influence. He is alderman of the
South Higiilands, and director of the
Birmingham National Bank, he is as-
sistant general counsel of the Georgia
Pacific Railroad. These gentlemen are
among the brightest minds at this Bar.
They are attorneys for the Birmingham
National Bank.

WARD & HEAD,

OflSce Building.

This firm stands at the very top of
the Birmingham Bar, and the gentle-
men composing it have a large influence
for Birmingham's welfare and progress.

Birmingham.

165

They are both natives of this State. Mr.
W. C. Ward grachiated from the TJni-
Yersity in 1858, but did not practice
before the war. In that eventful strug-
gle he served with the Fourth Alabama
regiment; later with the Sixty-second,
-and was with Longstreet at Gettysburg.
He was admitted in May, 1866, and prac-
ticed in Selma till he came to Birming-
ham in December, 1885. He is a man of
modesty, and a fine judge of men. His
partner, J. B. Head, is a vigorous and de-
termined advocate. He was admitted
in 1874, and practiced in his native
county, atEutaw,till last January, when
lie moved to Birmingham and formed
this partnership. The firm is retaining
counsel for the Elyton Land Company
and all of its associate corporations, and
for the Birmingham Trust and Savings
Bank.

DARRINGTON SEMPLE,

Court House.

One of the most talented and hard-
•working members of the Bar, is a native
of Montgomery, Alabama, and gradu-
ated from the "University of Virginia in
1879 and 1880. He practiced in Mont-
gomery till he came to Birmingham last
April. He was counsel for defendant
in the celebrated Sallie Boyd case, and
has had very important civil suits placed
in his hands. ' His father, H. C. Semple,
is a prominent lawyer of Montgomery,
and his brother is assistant district at-
torney of New York City, so that he
amply sustains the family name as dis-
tinguished lawyers.

WEAVER & SMITH,
Hewlett Block.

This new firm, formed on the 1st of
July, is one of the most vigorous and
•does credit to the Bar of this city. Mr.
H. Weaver is already well known here,
where he has been practicing since 1882.
Mr. M. M. Smith just came to Alabama
last year. Both gentlemen are native
Georgians, and graduated from her uni-
versity in 1877. Mr. W. practiced in
Newnan till he came to Alabama, while
Mr. S. practiced in Douglas till last year.
He was Mayor of Douglasvillein 1882, and
a member of the State Legislature in
1881 and 1885. The firm commands the
■confidence of the people and the respect
■of their law brethren. With their com-
bined experience, knowledge and ability
the firm is a decided acquisition to Bir-
jmingham.

BROOKS & BROOKS,
Watts Building.

The name of Brooks carries with it its
own weight, and few give more import-
ance to these pages.

Judge W. M. Brooks, the senior, is one
of the oldest and has one of the most
brilliant minds in the political arena on
the Bench and at the Bar of Alabama.
He was born at Sumter, South Carolina,
in 1815, and was admitted in 1838. He
practiced first in Marengo. From 1840 to
1846 he was solicitor, and moved to Mo-
bile in 1851. In 1857 he was appointed
Circuit Judge by Governor Winston, and
afterward elected by the people without
opposition. He moved to Selma in 1866,
and to Birmingham in 1886. He took a
prominent part in the advocacy of South-
ern rights in the Territories, and deliv-
ered maii)^ important speeches during
the stirring times which preceded the
secession of the Southern States from the
Union, At seventy-three years of age
his mind is as clear as then. Some of
the very largest litigations have been,
and are now, under his care. His son,
R. L. Brooks, and partner, is a promi-
nent young lawyer. He studied at
Sewanee, and afterward at the State Uni-
versity of Tennessee, and was admitted
to the Bar last year. Several years he
carried on the business of cotton raising,
and became one of the largest planters
in Marengo County. Naturally adapted
for the law, he was induced to study the
principles of Blackstone, and later fin-
ished at the University of Virginia. In
September, 1887, he moved to Birming-
ham, at once taking his place as one of
the men of this citv.

FERGUSON & PUTMAN,

Watts Building.

To add encomiums to the standing
which this name has already assumed in
this city, both professionally and socially,
would be superficial. We will therefore
merely say, Mr. C. AV. Ferguson is a na-
tive of Dallas County, Alabama, studied
law at the University, and was admitted
to the Bar in 1878. He practiced in
Montgomery, and took a very i")rominent
part in the politics of that county. He
was one of the secretaries of the State Ex-
ecutive Committee in 1878. He was Solic-
itor for the County Court, his brother,
F. S. Ferguson, being Solicitor of the
Circuit Court. He came to Birmingham
in January, 1887.

166

North Alabama.

Mr. S. A. Piitman is a native of Lin-
coln C'onnty, Tennessee, stndied law at
Fayetteville, and was admitted in 1884.
He came to Birmingham the following-
January. He is Secretary of the State
Bar Association.

They are attorneys for the Baltimore
& Ohio Express Comi^any, and other im-
portant cor[)orations. They formed this
happy combination on March 1, 1888, a
combination which has proven justly
beneficial to themselves, to a lai'ge client-
age and to the community.

HEFLIX & BULGER,
Watts Building.

This firm is one of the leading and
best known in the State, and gives im-
portance to the Birmingham Bar.

Judge John T. Hefiin is a native of
Morgan County, Georgia, and studied
law with Steiner & Phillips, of Lafayette,
Alabama, and commenced practice in
1841. He practiced sixteen years in
Randolph County, where he was elected
to the Senate in 185L For three years
he was in Calhoun, and in 1860 moved
to Talladega. In 1862 he was elected to
the Circuit Bench, serving till 1865. He
was a member of the celebrated State
Constitutional Convention of 1875, and
took a prominent part in its proceedings.
He came to Birmingham in April,
1882. In 1886 he was a pr<:)minent can-
didate for Chief Justice before the con-
vention, receiving more votes than his
opponent, but was counted out. He is
an influential Mason and a very active
man for his age.

Colonel William D. Bulger, with
whom he formed a partnership last Feb-
ruary, is a native of Tallapoosa County,
with which he has been identified all his
life, and still keeps his office and prac-
tice there. In fact, the large business of
the firm in that section necessitates a res-
ident i^artner. The Colonel's finst expe-
rience was gained in the army, with
which he did some fine service. He was
a year in Tennessee, with the Thirty-
eighth Regiment from that State, and
later in Northern Virginia, with the
Forty-seventh Alabama. At the battle
of Chattaiaooga he was disabled and
afterward was appointed Lieutenant-
Colonel of the Third Alabama Reserves.
In ]March following the close of the war,
he Avas admitted to tlie Bar. He has also
always taken a leading part in politics.
He was a memljer of the Legislature in
1870-71, a member of the State Execu-

tive Committee, and several times hi&
name has been presented for Congres-
sional honors.

Both gentlemen have become noted
for their pleadings in behalf of clients,.
Col. Bulger more especially in criminal
suits. With their extended experience
and al)ilities this firm is as safe as it is
possible for human intellect or ability to
be, and tiie many cases placed in their
hands have received the best care and
attention.

JAS. H. LITTLE,
Watts Building.

One of the most intelligent young-
lawyers of Birmingham is a native of
Sumter County. He received his edu-
cation at the State LTniversity, graduat-
ing in the academic department in 1880,.
and in law two years later. He tinisliei
with the summer course under John B.
Minor, of the University of Virginia,
and commenced to practice in December
following at Livingston. He was county
solicitor, and did a nice practice till he
moved to Birmingham in the fall of last
year.

Mr. Little is a well-read lawyer of a
thoroughly practical turn, and a just
addition to the talent of the Iron Citv.

MILES & BALLARD,
Jefferson County Savings Bank Buildings

This firm is one of the most vigorous
of the Birmingham Bar, and during its-
short career in this city has conducted
several large cases to a successful issue.

Capt. John E. Miles, the senior part-
ner, is an Alabamian by birth, served
through the war in the First Alabama.
Cavalry, and afterward moved to Texas,
where, in Falls County, he played a
prominent part in the political arena. He
was Chief Justice for m^ny years, and
turned his attention entirely to law in
1885. In June of last year he came to
Birmingham.

Mr. E. L. Ballard is a Georgian, grad-
uated from the University of his native
State in 1886, was admitted to the Bar
in Alabama the same year, and is one of
the hardest students, one of the most
conscientious, and safest counsellors at
the Bar of Birmingham.

The firm makes a specialty of collec-
tions, and are considered experts in this,
line. They do a general practice in both
the Civil and Criminal Courts, prosecut-

Birmingham.

167

ing their clients, interest with judgment
and vigor, with due respect to opposing
parties,

JOHN S. KENNEDY,

llOi Twentieth .Street.

This rising young lawyer was born in
Florence, at whose Normal School he
graduated in 1884 with honors, Avinning
a Peabody medal. He received his de-
gree in law from tlie University of Ala-
bama in 1885, and settled in Birmingham
the following September. He at once
entered on a good business, which stead-
ily increases. He is a Notary Public,
practices in all the courts of the State,
and has been quite successful wdth all
cases entrusted to him.

MAPvTIN & McEACHIN,
Roden Building.

This name lends eminent grace to
these pages.

Mr. J. M. Martin is a native of Lime-
stone County. He was admitted in July,
1858, practiced in Tuscaloosa up to the
war, when he served four years with the
Fifth and then with the Forty-first Ala-
bama, in the Western army. He then
settled in Tuscaloosa, taking his place as
one of the strongest men in the State.
He married a daughter of the late Chief
Justice Peck. He sat in the Senate from
1871 to 1876, being three years President
pro tempore. He was a member of the
Forty-ninth Congress from this district,
being on the committees of elections and
patents.

Mr. A. B. McEachin is by his friends
considered without his superior at this
Bar. He is a native of North Carolina,
was admitted to practice in 1857, and
came to Alabama in 1859, settling in
Marion. He has always been an active
politician, but not a candidate for any
office. He was a Bell and Everett elector
in 1860. He married Judge Somerville's
sister in 1861. In the army he served in
the Seventh Alabama Cavalry as Lieu-
tenant, and later was Post Quartermas-
ter at Savannah. He was a partner of
Judge Somerville from the close of the
war till 1880. He owned and e<lited the
Southern Law Journal from 1878 to 1880.

In 1886 these gentlemen formed the
present partnership, and moved to Bir-
mingham, where, while holdingtheir own
clientage, they have increased their in-
fluence and extended their business.

GUMMING & HIBBARD,
115 Twenty-first Street.

Of the many prominent names which
go to make up the strength of the Bir-
mingham Bar, few command as much
respect, esteem and confidence as the
above. They are comparatively young
in this arena, though their combined ex-
perience places them in the front rank
of Alabama lawyers.

Col. S. J. Cumming, the senior part-
ner, is a native of Baltimore, studied law
in Virginia, being admitted in 1843. Irt
October of the same Year he moved tO'
Alabama, practiced twenty years in
Monroe, twenty-two years in Wilcox, and
came to Birmingham in 1887. He is con-
sidered without liis superior in Equity,
and has had some important cases in the
United States Supreme Court. He en-
I tered the army as a private, being pro-
moted to the command of Company G,.
Seventeenth Alabama, serving from the
opening to the close of the war.

Col. B. L. Hibbard was born in Loudon
County, Virginia, in 1842. He served
through the war, being promoted from
Captain to Lieutenant-Colonel. He came
to Alabama in 1870, merchandised in
Monroeville, studied law with T. J.
Torry, and was admitted in 1876. He
practiced in that county till April, 1885.
He was appointed first Consul General to
Venezuela. He remained in South
America a year, returning to Birming-
ham, where he has since resided, and in
October last associated himself with Col.
Cumming.

They do probably the largest Chancery
business in this city. They pay special
attention to land litigation. Tliey prac-
tice in all the Federal and State Courts,
their judgment being considered among
the best at the Bar.

C. F. EASTHAM,

No. 2026i First Avenue.

This gentleman is one of the most con-
scientious among the lawyers whose
names grace the Bar of this "city. He is
a native of Rappahannock County, Vir-
ginia. He studied law at the University
of his native State, and came to Bir-
mingham when he was admitted in 1883.
In these five years he has built up a large
and paying practice. He prosecutes his
cases with a care and assiduity which
deservedly command for him the re-
spect of his fraternity, and the confi-
dence of the people.

16S

North Alabama.

Mcintosh & altman,

Hewlett Block.

This firm was formed in December last,
and is one of the most solid at the Bir-
mingham Bar.

Mr. J. R. Mcintosh was born in Ma-
rengo County in 1837, was admitted to
the Bar in Mississippi in 1860, and prac-
ticed in Chickasaw County, latterly in
Meridian, till he came to Birmingham
last December. He figures }>rominently
in politics; was a member of the Legis-
lature in 1872-73. He served in the army
in the Twenty-fourth Mississippi. He is
a genial man, a Knight Templar and a
member of all the principal societies.

Mr. J. J. Altman is a native of Sumter
County, was admitted in September,
1871, practiced in Choctaw, and in De-
cember, 1874, moved to Sumter, where
he remained till he came to Birmingham
in September, 1886 ; he also was influen-
tial in politics, was Mayor of Livingston
seven years, and a Presidential Elec-
tor in 1884. He has been a INLason since
he was twenty-one years old. The firm
do a large general law business, and
stand well in the fraternity.

DICKEY & GILLESPIE,

Watt's Building, 307 ^ Twentieth Street.

Among the many names noticed of the
Birmingham Bar" this one commands
mention, for, but a few years established
in this city, they have carried a number
of cases to' a successful issue. Both gen-
tlemen had, however, made a reputation
before thev settled here. They graduated
in law from the University of Alal)ama,
the same vear, 1882. Mr. L. C. Dickey
is a native of Montgomery County,
Alabama, and enjoyed the advantages
of a hberal education ; he took his law
deforce at the University of Alabama.
He first prai'ticed in Montgomery, the
county in which he was reared, and
removed to Birmingham in 1884. Mr. J.
F. Gillespie is a native of Blount County,
Tennessee ; was educated at Hartswell
College and studied law under General
L. P.'^Valkcr (Secretary of War of the
late Confederacy), taking his LL. B.
from the University of Alabama m 1882.
He commenced practice in Morgan
County and moved to Birmingham in
1885. "The happy combination since
formed has proven beneficial to the gen-
tlemen themselves as well as adding
strength to the Bar and aiding in the
general rectitude and public welfare.

STRANGE & McCURLEY,

Hood Building.

This firm is considered one of the most
reliable at the Bar. The senior partner,
Mr. John D. Strange, was born in St.
Claire County, Alabama, where he was
admitted to practice in 1874. In Novem-
ber, 1876, he came to Birmingham. Mr.
W. S. McCurley is a native Mississip-
pian ; he was raised in Texas and settled
in Yanzant County, where he practiced
law and edited a newspaper. He came
to Birmingham last summer, forming
the present partnership the 1st of March
last. These gentlemen are most dili-
gent in working at their cases, well read
in the details of law, and it is safe to
place cases in their hands.

MA J. W. J. MIMS,

Tax Collector.

This name is one of the best known
and most justly esteemed in Jeflerson
Countv. The jNIajor was born in
Autauga County, was raised on a farm
and moved to j'etterson in 1860. When
the war broke out he raised a company
and was enlisted in the Forty-third
Alabama, serving all through the war,
both with the Western army and in
Virginia, being promoted to the rank of
Major. With the return of peace he
went back to farming and continued same
until his manv friends put him forward
for Tax Collector, to which position he
was appointed in 1880. He has since filled
the position with careful attention to
dutv, and has kept every nickel of the
accounts straight. This year he retires
on his well-won laurels.

CABANISS & BANKS,

112^ Twentieth Street.

The senior partner of this firm, Mr.
E. H. Cabaniss, is a native of Georgia,
and was admitted in Alabama in 1878.
He practiced in Union Springs and
came to Birmingham in 1887. He was
a member of the" Alabama State Senate,
but resigned his seat therein on his re-
moval to Birmingham in INIay, 1887. He
is considered one of the best speakers at
the Alabama Bar. Mr. J. J. Banks is
from Russell County, Alabama, grad-
uated from the University in 1SS5, and
commenced practicing in Birmingham
in September of that year. They formed
the present partnership the 1st of May,
1887, and are considered as lending
strength and importance to the Bar.

Birmingham.

169

MOUNTJOY & TOMLINSON,
Alabama National Bank Building.

At the Bar we find firms ranking in
standing and talent with the best in the
land. Among them the name of Mount-
joy & Tomlinson gives grace and strength
to its influence.

Mr. C. A. Mountjoy is a native of Vir-
ginia, and took his degree in law from
the University of that State in 1881, soon
after going to Birmingham,. He is a
Knight of Pythias, and as thoroughly
well read and practical a lawyer as pleads
cases before an Alabama court. Mr.
John W. Tomlinson is a Tennesseean
by birth. He graduated with first hon-
ors from Yanderbilt in 1882, coming to
Birmingham the same year. He is a
prominent Mason, Thirty-second, Scot-
ish Rite, Master of Perfection Lodge, a
Knight of Pythias, and member of the
Order of Elks. He is a gentleman of
pleasant and agreeable address. He is
regarded as the finest collector in the
city of Birmingham. The firm are at-
torneys for R. G. Dun, and many other
large cori^orations. In keeping with
their extensive practice they have ele-
gantly appointed offices, and a shorthand
writer constantly employed.

JNO. W. CHAMBLEE,

First National Bank Building.

Mr. Chamblee has, by his judgment,
ingratiated himself into the confidence
of his clientage in North Alabama. He
is a native of Jefferson County, studied
law with Hewitt & Walker and was ad-
mitted in 1881. In these seven years he
has won from his judicious investments
quite a fortune, and his judgment is re-
garded as conscientious and safe.

W. HAMPTON WADE,

Roden Block.

Of a concise, methodical and progres-
sive disposition Mr. Wade has been suc-
cessful both as a business man and a
lawyer. He was born in Savannah and
graduated from the Virginia Military
Institute in 1880, studied law with Judge
Chisholm, the general counsel for the
Southern Express Company, and was
admitted to the Bar in 1881. He prac-
ticed in his native State till January,
1887, when he came to Birmingham,
and now has, considering the short time
he has been here, a very large practice.
He is the attornev and a director of the

Alabama Artificial Stone Company, re-
taining counsel for the Merchants' and
Mechanics' Building and Loan Associa-
tion, and generally stands by Birming-
ham's welfare and prosperity.

W. P. HICKMAN,

County Treasurer.

Among the names which have acquired
prominence on the wings of Birming-
ham's prosperity none command more
respect than this one. Mr. Hickman
was born in Jefferson County the 3d of
September, 1828, and by prudence finds
himself as young to-day as he was twenty
years ago. He was raised on a farm, and
in 1850 commenced merchandising in Ely-
ton, continuing the same until the war,
when he was appointed commissioner of
supplies. He served as treasurer from
1861 to 1867, and with the return of
peace farmed and merchandised in Truss-
ville till 1877, when he was elected to
his present office, which he has filled
with the profoundest of satisfaction to
the people ever since. This year he
closes his third term and does not seek
re-election. Before the war he was
deputy sheriff. He is a Mason, and one
of the most trustworthy and reliable
men that ever handled county finances.

B. M. ALLEN,

Justice of the Peace.

Mr. Allen is one of those miraculous
factors which have been created by Bir-
mingham's remarkable advancement.
He is a native of Carolina County, Vir-
ginia, and graduated from the Agri-
cultural and Mechanical College of that
State in 1876, coming in 1879 to Alabama.
He was two years in Greensboro before
settling in Birmingham. He was ad-
mitted to the Bar in 1881. He came to Bir-
mingham in 1882, and was appointed the
same year Justice of the Peace, filling
the office with remarkable judgment and
prudence, combined with business cor-
rectness. He has been twice re-elected.
He is very popular ; is a Knight of
Pythias ; is First Exalted Ruler of the
Order of Elks, Birmingham Lodge, No.
79 ; first lieutenant of the Rifles, and
other societies ; he also conducts a fine
law business. His numerous duties as
Justice of the Peace necessitate the em-
ployment of three clerks. He has prob-
ably tried moi'e cases than any court in
the South, and it is said his salary ex-
ceeds that of the Governor of the State^

170

North Alabama.

LOUIS L. DEAN,

Corner Third Avenue and Twentieth
Street.

This rising young member of the Bar
of this city was born at Cave Springs,
Georgia, graduated in tlie academic
course in 1884 from tlie University of
Alabama, receiving liis LL. B. tlie follow-
ing year from the same school. After a
practice of one year in Gadsden he moved
to Birmingham in November, 188(5, and
has steadily increased his business. He
is counsel for the Birmingham Agricul-
tural Manufacturing Company, resident
counsel for the Union Trust Company
of Philadelphia, and other important
corporations. He is a Knight of Pythias,
is Judge Advocate General on Governor
Seay's staff, and generalh^ takes an active
part in the furtherance of the Iron City's
progress.

J. G. CREWS,

Hood Building.

Mr. Crews is one of the most active
and clear-headed men who have come to
the Alabama bar. He is a native of
Illinois, where he practiced many years.
He was admitted in April, 1871, and did
business at Fairfield, making a specialty
of chancery law though practicing in all
the courts In Birmingham he has
acquired a good practice, largely in real
estate and chancery litigation. He is a
hard worker, a practical thinker, and
conscientious in the furtherance of the
interests placed under his charge.

MASON & MARTIN,

2026 First Avenue.

The legal fraternity of Birmingham
has obtained a prominence commensurate
with the Iron City's importance and
probably no firm lends more to that same
prominence than this one. Mr. M. A.
Mason, the senior partner, is a Ken-
tuckian by birth, and was admitted to
the Bar in 1874. He practiced in his
native county till Januai'v, 1887, when
he came to Birminghani. forming the
present i)artnership the following March.
W. K. Martin is a Mississippian i)y birth,
studied law at the University of Virginia,
being admitted in 1883, when he settled
in Birmingham. The firm do a large
collection and chancery business and
also criminal business; they stand high
in the estimation of their brethren, and
hold the confidence of a line clientage.

M. T. PORTER,

Probate Judge.

This name is prominently identified
with the growth and welfare of North
Alabama. Judge Porter was born in
Shelby County, and was raised in Jeflfer-
son, ami as he grew up became identified
with Elyton ; he studied law with Judge
\V. S. Mudd and was admitted to the
Bar about 1852; he practiced in Elyton
till he moved to Birmingham in 1873.
With tlie growth of the city he did a
large practice, accumulating considerable
wealth. In November, 1884, he was
appointed to fill the vacancy of Probate
Judge, and in August, 1886, was re-
elected; he is considered one of the best
judges in the South, and will long hold
the position. In 1863 he was a member
of the State Senate from Jefferson and
Shelby. In the army he went out in
Company C, Twentieth Alabama, serving
with the Tennessee Army, and rose to
be Lieutenant Colonel ; he was captured
at Vicksburg and paroled. Judge Porter
is a Mason and one of the most influen-
tial men in this growing city.

FERGUS w. McCarthy,

Clerk of the Circuit Court.

The popular Clerk of the Circuit Court
is a native of Missouri, having been born
on July 29, 1858. He was raised in Ala-
bama and graduated from Spring
Hill College in July, 1878. He came to
Birmingham in 1880 and was confidential
clerk of the Sloss Iron and Steel Com-
pany. He is also a ciyil engineer by
training, and was with the Georgia
Pacific Railroad two vears. He was
elected Clerk on March 17, 1887 (St.
Patrick's Day), and perforins his duties
with careful attention and sincere con-
scientiousness. He is ably assisted by
his deputy, ^V. L. Howard, a native of
Columbus, Mississippi.

A. J. TARRANT,

Tax Assessor.

One of Birmingham's best known citi-
zens was born in Jefferson ("ounty, was
raised on a farm and has ('(jiitinued in
the agricultural pursuits all his life. He
made a good record as a soldier, going in
as Orderly Sergeant, and was promoted to
the command of Company C of the
Twentieth Alabama. He served under
Kirby Smith, and with Johnson, in the
celebrated Georgia campaign, and was

Birmingham.

171

■wounded at Vicksburg. Mr. Tarrant
has many friends in this county; he was
elected Assessor in August, 1S80, and is
now retiring afier filling out his second
term with great satisfaction to the public
iind the ofticiarv.

ALEXANDER OSCAR LANE,

]\LTyor.

Tins gentleman, a native of Southeast
Alabama, was elected Mayor of the city of
IBirmingham in December, 1882, and is
now tilling his third term. He is in the
prime of life, and while he has never of-
fered for any other otiice, in his three
races for the Mayoralty he was elected
by handsome majorities over popular
-and worthy opponents.

He received a complete education at
both the LTniversity of Georgia and the
University of Kentucky.

Mayor Lane l)y profession is a lawyer,
being devoted to his professional duties,
and does a large business, being an
indefatigable worker himself and em-
ploying two clerks. His practice as a
lawyer yields him at least $7,500 per
annum. He has the confidence of courts
and juries, and has always been remark-
ably successful in his cases.

lie came to Birmingham in its earliest
days, and from the first has been one of
the leading spirits of the place. He lias
invested largely in real estate, and owns
much fine property in this city. He is a
Director of the Alabama National Bank,
and was last year President of the South-
ern Forestry Congress, the importance
of which he fully I'ecognizes.

At its annual meeting last October, in
Huutsville, he delivered an address that
received the highest encomiums from the
people and the press.

Mr. Lane is a man who ever ad-
vances with the times. He was chosen
to deliver the opening speech before the
River and Harbor Convention at Tusca-
loosa two years ago, and besides receiv-
ing an ovation from the Convention his
ispeech was cojjied by many of the lead-
ing journals throughout the Union, and
was largely quoted by Senator Pugh in
'.the United States Senate.

He is an active and astute politician'
but works only for his friends. While
his name was prominently mentioned
for Gubernatorial honors two years ago,
he has never run for any political oftice,
jireferring to work with the rank and
tile.

As Mayor of the city Mr. Lane gives
every possible satisfaction, and since the
holding of that otiice by him a most vis-
ible improvement on the streets and
throughout every department has been
universally observed. His executive
ability is of the most marked character,
and the discipline of his subordinates is
excellent.

As Judge he has no superior in dis-
patching lousiness, and his decisions are
recognized by all as fair, just, accurate
and impartial.

By all who know him Mr. Lane is
known to be a gentleman of the purest
character and highest standing, and one
who always takes a lively interest in the
aflairs of city, county and State, of what-
ever nature, and who is always ready to
further any worthy method for their ad-
vancement and prosperity.

He was married, in 1875, to Miss Min-
nie Terry, daughter of Col. John T.
Terry, a lady of fine accomplishments
and of great poi^ularity. Five interesting
children have blessed their union, of
whom four are living.

Mr. Lane has a handsome stone and
brick residence on a commanding site in
the city, where he and his hospitable
wife always extend a hearty welcome for
their friends.

C. R. HARSH,

Attorney-at-Law,

Watts Building,

N. E. Corner Third Avenue and

Twentieth Street,

Birmingham, Alabama.

MAGIC CITY STEAM iiUTTLiiNG WORKS.

Bottling Works.

MAGIC CITY STEAM BOTTLING
WORKS, 1817 and 1819 Third avenue,
between Eighteentli and Nineteenth
streets. — The manufacture of soda, min-
eral waters, ginger ale, etc., has of late
years increased to such an extent in this
city as to constitute one of its important
industries. One of the leading manu-
factories devoted to this branch of busi-
ness is that of Mr. Al. F. Hochstadter,
agent of the Magic City Steam Bottling
Works. He is manufacturer on a very
extensive scale of soda and mineral
waters, champagne cider and ginger ale.
The manufactory is a two-story brick
building with a wing extension. This
business was established in 1886, and
has been a thriving one from that date.

Mr. Hochstadter is a Philadelphian.
He has three brothers engaged in busi-
ness in this city, all of whom are doing
well,- and esteemed as business men.
Employment is given to a number of as-
sistants, and several wagons are used for
the delivery of goods to numerous cus-
tomers througliout the city. The prem-
ises are well arranged and supi)li('d with
all modern conveniences and appliances
for properly conducting the business
in all its branches. These works have
rapidly become generally and favorably
known by dealers and consumers

throughout the city for the superior qual-
ity of its products, ail of which are war-
ranted for their purity and excellence.

Real Estate.

W. E. BERRY & CO., No. 2008*
Second avenue. — The city of Birming-
ham affords the most remarkable instance
of growth and development in the South.
The natural consequence has been an un-
precedented demand for real estate, and
the enlistment, in this line of business
activity, of the energies and talent of the
best business men.

Notable among the real estate firms is-
W. E. Berry & Co. This firm is an old
established one, and is among the best
known in this citj'. They occupy offices
up stairs at No. 2008i Second avenue.
They possess unusual advantages, and
can offer inducements to investors in
city or suburban property, suitable for
homes or business or manufacturing-
sites. Messrs. Berry & Co., have many
bargains now, and prospectors should not
fail to consult them.

Mr. W. E. Berry is widely and favora-
bly known as a man of superior ability,
and possesses the respect and confidence-
of businessmen. Thoseestablisbing busi-
ness relations with him will find hint
fair and honorable in all his transactions.

ANNISTON.

This is an eventful age. Man, profiting by the condensed knowledge and
experience of centuries that are gone, is daily proving that "there is something
new under the sun." Father Time, the once despotic tyrant, has been
manacled by Progress and does his liidding without a murmur. In the arts,
sciences and discoveries of to-day we see evidence of the great strides toward
that alluring goal, perfection. Among those sciences, for such it has become,
is that of "city building." In days of yore a city's growth could be likened to
a complicated machine made by a hundred difi"erent workmen, each intent
on his own plan, knowing not and caring not for the plans of the other ninety-
nine. To-day, as evidenced by the city of Anniston, the machine has a
guiding hand which directs the plans of each workman and conforms them
to one grand finished plan. The "city builders" of Anniston first selected the
site for a great city, where Nature had, as it were, in a lavish mood, concen-
trated many of its grandest gifts. With keen foresight tliat saw a future now
verified, they carefully mapped out a plan in which all the parts would har-
monize. To-day Anniston, well worthy the name of the "The Model City,"
stands as a beautiful monument to their wisdom.

OCATION

Situated on the eastern edge of the. great limestone formation, or rather on
the dividing line between the lime and the granite, in Calhoun County, Ala.,
is this progressive city of the New South, sixty-five miles east of Birmingham,
13-4 miles northeast of Selma, 104 miles west of Atlanta.

The city is in an amphitheatre, the floor of which is an elevated table-
land (over 800 feet above the sea level), while its walls are the Blue Mountains
rising to altitudes varying from 1,000 to 1,500 feet. Their sides are covered by
trees of various species — the whole forming a lovely picture.

It is located on the main line of the East Tennessee, Virgina & Georgia
Railway, and at the crossing of the main line of the Georgia Pacific Railway,
between Atlanta and Birmingham, and is the terminus of the Anniston &
Atlantic, which connects southward with the central system of Georgia rail-
roads. It is in the ver}^ heart of the mineral region, and the finest agricultural
district of Alabama, Tennessee and Georgia, and is in direct communication
with Atlanta, Macon, Augusta and Charleston, Savannah or Jacksonville on
the Eastern coast ; Montgomery, Mobile and New Orleans on the Gulf coast ;.
Birmingham and the Mississippi Valley on the West, and is on the short line
of travel from the East, North and Northwest to Florida and New Orleans.

174

North Alabama.

VIEW ON NOBLE STREET, LOOKING NORTH.

LIMATE— TEMPERATURE

"We frequently hear the expression, "We have but one life to Hve."
Although a truism, how many fully feel its force ? Of what ailvantage will be
that life, however attended by w'orldly success, unless its physical state be free
from those great ills wliich abound in extreme climates? How many rich
men would freely give every dollar of their possessions to enjoy the blessings
of health. The "climate" is then to every one a question of paramount im-
portance.

Col. L. Anderson, of Cincinnati, O., who summered in Anniston, during
the heated term of 1887 made daily observations of the reading of a thermome-
ter at between 2 and 3 o'clock p. m. At no time did the mercury mark over
91 degrees F. The writer questioned the reliability of the thermometer used.
But, on placing two others by it, the three read alike.

There are local conditions to account for the temperate suiniiicr climate at
Anniston, viz: The soil is generally a light sandy loam, and does not absorb
the hot rays of the sun to as marked a degree as a heavier one does, and
readily parts with what it does absorb after sunset. Another : The surround-
ing mountains are near enough to send down from their tree-covered sides
grateful baths of cool air to fill the partial vacuum on the i)lain below, made by

Anniston. 175

the rising of the air, heated and expanded by the radiation of heat from the
exposed surface of the plain.

Here, the lowlander coming North can escape malarial influences, and the
Northerner, fleeing from the cold blasts of seven months of the year, can
luxuriate in a region where over three hundred of the three liundred and
sixty-flve days are days of comfort to the most sensitive invalid.

During the heated term of last year not one day was lost in the numerous
foundries, forges or furnaces Not one case of heat prostration was known.
The atmosphere is dry enough to absorb the perspiration, thereby extracting
heat from the V)ody so rapidly as to prevent its accumulating to a degree dan-
gerous to health.

The winter rainfall is about 13 inches. But it is characteristic of the rains
in the latitude of Anniston that fifty per cent, falls between (3 o'clock p. m.
and 8 o'clock a. m. It is scarcely probable that there would be three consecu-
tive days during a winter when a lady could not go out of the house without
discomfort, and the character of the soil is of such a nature, as describe!.!, that
it quickly dries off after a heavy shower.

It is seldom that there is a whole day when the sun is obscured by clouds.
Snow is a curiosity — so seldom does it fall.

High winds ai'e unusual, although there is an almost constant breeze from
isome quarter.

The nights are always cool enough to make sleep pleasant and restful.
There is no one prevailing disease. In a residence of eighteen years in
Calhoun County, a man of intelligence never heard of a case of consumption
having originated in the county. The United States census of 1880 shows that
the death rate from that disease in the district of Alabama, in which Calhoun
County is situated, had a low death-rate from consumption. The following
table shows the States' comparative immunity from that disease:

Ratio of deaths from consumption in several States in 100,000 of total
population, unless otherwise specified —

(white) Kansas, 111

Minnesota, 119

Pennsylvania, 150
Michigan, 159

Maryland, 177 (white)

New York, 207

New Hampshire, 243
Coast of California, 249 Massachusetts, 277

Tlie bete noir of persons coming from the North to the South is malaria.
AVithin a radius of twenty miles around Anniston there is not a pond, lake or
:swamp to breed malaria. The census of 1880 shows that Alabama has fewer
deaths from malarial fever than either Missouri or Kansas. Persons from the
Northern States would unhesitatingly visit the elevated region of Santa Fe,
'Taos and San Miguel counties. New Mexico, at an altitude varying from
4,000 to over 7,000 feet, and yet that elevated, arid region has more deaths from
.malarial fever than has Alabama.

Its natural drainage is most thorough and complete, and in addition the
■city is building a system of underground sewerage.

Alabama,

Iowa,

116

Illinois,

150

Missouri,

152

Ohio,

171

Indiana,

193

New Jersey,

234

Annibton. 177

J^JATURAL RESOURCES

The city is founded upon iron literally and figuratively. In cutting
streets tiirough the hillsides large masses of tine ore are taken out and sent to
the furnaces. Within the city limits there is a great hill, almost a mountain
side of iron, from wliich the Woodstock Company have been digging ore since
1873, and yet they have scarcely leveled down more than seven or eight acres.
There is no delving into the bowels of the earth to bring up ore by expensive
machinery. It is only necessary to dig it out of the hillside and dump it into
the carts. From this ore is made the celebrated Woodstock iron, which has
such a wide reputation.

In addition to its magnificent mineral resources, it is surrounded by vast
forests, in which abound the finest yellow pine and hard wood lumber.

Tributary to the city, north and south on the East Tennessee, Virginia &
Georgia Railroad, east and west on the Georgia Pacific Railway, and for fifty
miles south on the Anniston & Atlantic Railroad is one of the richest and most
populous agricultural countries in the South, which, with the competitive
freight rates that are, by location, the right of the city, gives to Anniston as a
distributing point for wholesale and jobbing houses a most favorable location.

ROWTH OF THE CITY

In 1872 the Woodstock Iron Company was organized by Messrs. Tyler and
Noble and a few associates, with a capital of $140,000. They built a fifty-ton
charcoal furnace in 1873, which proved so profitable that in 1879 they built a
second. In 1881 the same people organized a separate company, with a cash
capital of $250,000, and built a cotton factory of nearly 12,000 spindles.
Owning all the surrounding property they laid out the site of what was to be
a model town, but they sold no land, preferring to hold it until the future
town was in good shape, and it was not until 1883 that the place was thrown
open to the public. In 1882 they established extensive car-wheel works, then
they macadamized the streets and built water works, electric light works,
schools and churches, including a beautiful §40,000 church. Then they built
two more furnaces, and added to this by building that wonderful Anniston
Inn, which is the marvel and admiration of every visitor, and which cost
§250,000 in cash. And thus they kept on improving the town until it was esti-
mated three years ago that they had spent nearly $2,000,000 in cash in build-
ing these new industries, laying out and perfecting this town. After that they
built extensive car works, car-axle works, etc. As they went along carrying
out these gigantic enterprises they paid the cash for them. In 1886 they con-
cluded that a sixty-mile narrow-gauge railroad to open up a new county would
do Anniston good, so they built it at a cost of $750,000, and paid for it. For
two years they kept four men out hunting the country for the pick of mineral
and timber lands, and as rapidly as they found what they liked they bought

Anxiston. 179'

it and paid for it, until tliey liad between 50,000 and 75,000 acres of the best
properties that could be discovered. In the latter part of 1886 they deter-
mined to build two coke furnaces, to cost $500,000, to turn out 100,000 tons of
iron a year. Their other four furnaces make charcoal iron. After deciding on
this, and before giving out contracts, they placed ?500,000 in bank to the credit
of the new furnaces. To run coke furnaces requires coke, and not being will-
ing to depend upon the open market, for a supply of tliis fuel, they made a
careful investigation and found that the Cahaba Coal and Iron Company,
owning .30,000 acres of the very best coking coal, and then mining 700 tons of
coal a day, could be purchased if enough money was offered ; and so they put
$1,500,000 into the purchase, and development of this immense property to
make it tributary to Anniston's property. New mines are being opened to
enlarge the coal output to 0,000 tons a day, and several hundred coke ovens
are under construction. Thus, with an assured* coke supply and an annual
output of 100,000 tons of iron from their new furnaces, it was deemed wise to
establish diversified industries to consume this iron at home, and so a local
company was at once formed, with a cash capital of §300,000, to build gas and
water-pipe works adjacent to the furnaces. These works are now under con-
struction ; they will probably be the largest in the United States ; they will
employ 900 hands, and turn out 2,00 tons of iron pipe a day. About that time
it was decided that, by building a short railroad, to cost $1,000,000, Anniston
would be brought into closer connection with the West, and the time of travel
to Cincinnati and other points reduced several hours. A local company was
formed, and the million dollars raised, in fact, we have heard it said that the
amount was secured in one day. This road is now rapidly nearing completion.
Not long since, the managers of the United States Eolling Stock Company of
New York, a $4,000,000 concern, were so charmed with Anniston's advantages
that they ofTered to establish immense car works, to employ 1,200 skilled
mechanics, provided the present car works and car-wheel and axle works
could be secured as a nucleus at $225,000; and that to the cash capital of
$1,000,000, Anniston people would contribute $150,000, making a total from
Anniston (including the present car M^orksj of $375,000. The owners of the
car and car-wheel and axle works agreeed to merge their establishments into
this immense enterprise on the basis agreed upon, and then the other $150,000
was promptly raised.

All these enterprises have been developed and these immense mineral and
timber properties, aggregating about 100,000 acres, purchased without incur-
ring any debts or issuing any bonds. In fact, as Mr. Noble, the general manager
of the Woodstock Iron Company, stated recently, " We have paid cash for all
these industrial enterprises, these lands and these railroads; have cash in bank
to build and run all the new enterprises under construction ; pay our work-
men in cash every week; have not issued a note or a bond; there is not a
piece of debt-bearing paper in existence with our indorsement ; we do not
even discount the notes received in payment of our iron, and if every bank
in the United States were to fail not a piece of paper with our signature on it
would be returned to us."

This has all been accomplished in fourteen years, and the greater part in
less than one-half of that time. It seems almost beyond comprehension, and.

Anniston. 181

3^et it is true. It demonstrates as nothing else could do the substantial and
;Solid character of the South's wonderful industrial growth.

The diversity of its enterprises and the prosperity of all of them show
how the South can takes its raw materials, its iron, its coal, its timber and its
cotton, and carry them forward through every process of manufacture until
the finished products in their highest state are turned out, and its future is as
brilliant as the heart of man could desire.

From Anniston's furnaces tlie iron goes to Anniston's car-wheel and car-
axle works, machine sliops and foundries. It is made into car wheels and
axles that have a national reputation. Home consumption of Southern raw
materials is here aptly illustrated:

Two immense furnaces, to cost $500,000, are already under construction.
Jt was but a few years ago when the machinery necessary for such a gigantic
;plant as this could only have been secured in the North or West, but now
Anniston builds the machinery that is to run these great furnaces that will
isoon be turning out iron at the rate of 100,000 tons a year. The thirty-six
iDoilers and the five 900 horse-power engines are all the product of Anniston's
■works, and even the fire brick are produced in Anniston from the Anniston
-clay. Some idea of the magnitude of this plant can be obtained from the fact
that it will require five 900 horse-power engines, or a total of 4,500 horse-
power, and that the material used and the iron produced by these two fur-
naces alone will furnish about 700,000 tons of freight a year, equal to 35,000
oarloads, or but little less than one-half as much freight as the entire cotton
crop of the South. And then take the great car works ; they will build both
freight and passenger cars. The lumber obtained in the surrounding forests
"will furnish the wood work ; the wheels and axles will be made from Annis-
ton pig iron, and everything, even the bolts, nuts and springs, that is used in
'building cars will be made right in these works, excepting the tin for the roof-
ing, and the nails. Is it possible to better illustrate the increasing diversity
of Southern industry, and the disposition to carry forward the manufacture of
iron from the ore to the finished product, ready for its final use, than by the
-facts here given?

AILWAY CENTER

An idea of the freight and passenger transportation facilities of Anniston
"juay be gathered from the fact that between thirty-five and forty-five trains
arrive daily at the depots of three railroads in the city.

It is fast becoming a leading railroad center, now having the East Tennes-
see, Virginia & Georgia system, the Georgia Pacific, the Anniston & Atlan-
l,ic roads. The Anniston & Cincinnati, a thirty-mile road now being built by
Anniston capitalists, is nearly completed. This has been pronounced one
«of the best built roads ever constructed in America. It is said to have already
:an assured freight business of 1,000,000 tons a year, besides what must inevi-
tebly be developed in the future. It opens up a splendid country, and brings
-Anniston into close and direct connection with New Orleans on one side, and
13

182

North Alabama.

Cincinnati and the Nortlnvest on tlie other by means of the New Orleans &
Texas Pacitic Road. The machine shops, ronndhouse, etc., of tliis road will
he at Anniston. The Anniston & Atlantic, a narrow ^auge road of about sixty-
miles, owned by Anniston people, will, it is understood, be extended to the
Cababa coal fields on the south, and to Hnnt.sville on the north, where it will
strike the Louisville & Nashville system. This road would have a dozen or
more furnaces on its line, and the amount of freight would thus be verv great

COBB'S NEW HOTEL.

at the very start. Arrangements are being made for the extension of the East
& West road to Anniston, and this will doubtless be under way in a few
months, the surveyors now being in the field.

The Kansas City, ]Memphis & Birmingham Railroad is now regularly run-
ning to Birmingham, which is only sixty miles from Anniston. By way of the-
Georgia Pacific Road, this important connection is really as valuable to Annis-
ton, relatively, as it is to Birmingham.

When the Anniston & Cincinnati Railroad shall have been completed to
Attalla, saving about 120 miles and four hours in transit, according to the pres-

Anniston, 183

ent schedule, this city will have in conjunction with the East Tennessee, Vir-
ginia & Georgia, the Georgia Pacitic and Kansas City lines, unrivaled connec-
tions with the North and Northwest.

The railways entering this town will have a splendid, modern, picturesque
and completely equipped station. The site selected, opposite the north end
of the cotton mill, is just the place to make Anniston appear to the best advan-
tage and be convenient to the public. The depot is nearing completion.

The main passenger building will be 100 feet in length by 42 feet in
breadth, will be modeled on the Queen Anne style, composed of rough stone,
and designed after the most stylish and attractive architecture.

At the north end of the main structure will be built a dining and refresh-
ment hall, and at the south end a baggage and express apartment and train
supply rooms. The north and south buildings will be separate from the main
building.

Two carriage entrances will be on the right and left of the main front
entrance.

Immediately back of the main building will be located what is commonly
called the car shed, which will be of sufficient capacity to accommodate four
trains at once.

In the near future the steel rails will give Anniston the Montgomery &
Chattanooga, the East Alabama & Cincinnati, and the Anniston & Gadsden
Railroads.

ATER SUPPLY

Perhaps no city in this part of the country can boast of as pure water,
supplied by a subterranean stream fed by the innumerable springs pouring
from the Blue Ridge range. The inexhaustible supply has been obtained by
sinking a well ten feet in diameter and eighty feet deep, which is lined with
a heavy cast-iron curbing put in in segments, all bolted securely together.
The water is forced by a splendid 150-horse power beam engine to a reservoir
situated on one of the hills in the eastern part of the city, at an elevation of
236 feet, and one mile distant from the water works. Heavy iron pipes are
laid through many of the streets, and the Company are now extending the
•service as rapidly as the increasing population demand it. Fire hydrants are
accessible in all parts of the city, and the pressure of 100 pounds to the inch
is sufficient to throw water over the highest buildings without the assistance
of a fire engine.

:iRE DEPARTMENT

Owing to the great elevation of the M-ater and pipe, the city enjoys an im-
munity against an expensive fire department that few towns anywhere can
boast of. The highest house in the city can be reached by the natural pres-
sure of the water, and the hose reel companies are excellently equipped, and

184

North Alabama.

are fully capable of combatting the fiercest conflagration. There are three
excellent organizations — the Glen Addie, Dan Tyler and Anniston City hose
reels.

HAT ANNISTON HAS

The subjoined exhibit is a most gratifying one for Anniston, and it will
require no prophet to read between the lines the future of this young and
thriving city. AVe would call special attention to the following table showing

Number of Employees and Amount of Wages Paid.

Monthly

Capital.

Value of
Product.

No. Em-
ployes.

N\ ages

and
Salaries.

83,000,000

82,000.000

3,"500

SS5,000

250,000

3(.X),lXX1

320

6,000

SOO.lXK)

2.000,(XX)

325

15,000

*4,000,000

3,000,000

1,200

70,0tX)

lO.OtX)

2,300

30,lXX)

75.000

3,0CX)

10.000

600

100,000

2.5

1,200

50,000

400,000

6,000

t200,0t)0

100,000
50,000

3,000,000

5,250

ToO.tXK)

1,000,000

1200,000

500

20,000

50,01X1

450,000

1,400,000

750,000

25,000

3,000

1,250.000
300,000

60,000

25,000
300,000

(50,000
50,000

750,000

100,000

817,420,000

8S,975,0(.K>

CIM

8217,350

Woodstock Iron Co

Anniston Manufaoturiug Co

Anniston Pipe Woiks

The United States Kollinft Stock Co

Anniston Boiler and Sheet Iron Works

Murray & Stevenson's Foundry

Pinder & Co.'s Machine Shops. '

Annistou Compress A: Warehouse Co

Annist >u Bloomary

First National Baiik

Bank of Anniston

Anniston Savings Bank

Anniston City Land Co

Anniston A- .\tlanuo Railroad

Anniston it Cincinnati Railroad

Brick Yards, Plauiui: Mills and other In

dustrics

Clifton Iron Co

Cahaba Coal Co

Taylor Fire Brick Works

Mercantile Business

Cuiversal Horse Shoe Machine Co

Barbour Machine Works

^Midway Machine Works (.engines, etc.)

Hinge and Lock Co. (organized)

Stove I'huit (.organized)

Cas Plant.

South .\nniston Land Co

Anniston Street Railway

Totals

* One million invested at Anniston.

t Capit^il and surplus.

TREETS

Among the beauties and conveniences of Anniston are her public streets.
They run exactly north and south, east and west. They are straight as a line,
wide and well macadamized, while beautiful evergreen wateroaks adorn the
sidewalks, aflFording delightsome shade from the summer sun and picturesque
even in the dead of winter. Noble street, from Tenth street north, is the finest
drive in the city, lined on everj' side with business houses and palatial homes,
while the view is uninterruptetl for nearly a mile in extent. Quintard ave-

Anniston.

185

Bue, on which many beautiful homes will be built, is to be dotted at equal
distances with miniature parks containing sparkling fountains, and when
completed will remind the observer, under the magic touch of the softening
rays of a summer moon, of an earthly Eden. Christine Place runs along the
base of the mountains that rim the eastern border of the Model City, and will
be the most elevated of all the streets, where luxurious homes will spring into
being that will delight the eye and please the fancy. On this thoroughfare
those who have ample means will build some of the finest residences to be
found in Alabama. Wilmer street will likely run from the base of the moun-
tain on the north, through Oxanna to Oxford, on the south nearly four miles
long, making a drive hardly equaled in the State of Alabama.

PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDING.

eCHOOLS, CHURCHES, SOCIETIES

[Daily Hot Blast.]

No feature of Anniston's attractions can, in the minds of intelligent men,
awaken greater interest than that which attaches itself to her educational
institutions.

True, since the birth of this young city, up to the present time, her public
schools have been comparatively small, but now the contractors have in hand
the work of erecting an elegant and commodious structure, for the accommo^

186 North Alabama.

dation of the schools, to be completed before the year expires. More buildings
will be added as occasion demands. The schools for the colored are, also,
in a flourishing condition.

These are bj'' no means the only educational facilities. Noble Institute,
a high school for girls, fully equipped with all necessary appliances and under
the charge of a faculty which is first-class in every particular, embracing in
its curriculum a thorough course in mathematics, English, ancient and
modern languages, science, art and music, is now in successful operation.

A substantial and imposing edifice, the boys' high school, has been
recently completed. This school, in addition to excellent classical training,
will furnish instruction in the chemical laboratory and in mechanical drawing
under the supervision of chemists and architects of the highest practical qual-
ifications.

Besides all this, there is on foot an enterprise looking to the establishment
here of a collegiate institution of the highest order, hence, it is reasonable to
conclude, that this city may, without presumption, claim that her educational
advantages will not suffer l)y comparison with those of any place in the State.

AVhen one takes into account that the scenery of this place is surpassingly
beautiful, that the climate is remarkable for its healthfulness, the water for
its purity, and the thoroughfares for their exemption from debasing influences,
which would, else, so terribly demoralize youth, the conclusion is inevitable
that this is destined to be, in deed and truth, the Model City.

The Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor, two
Knights of Labor Lodges, have a large membership and are in a flourishing
condition. Anniston is a rural city, the home of an educated and cultured
people, and its social advantages are far in advance of the average new city of
these days.

TTNITED STATES ROLLING STOCK COMPANY

The United States Rolling Stock Company, an organization with a paid-
up capital of .$4,000,000, and the largest manufacturers of cars in this covintry
or any other, have recently established works in this city. Their plant
embraces the car-wheel works and forge recently owned by Noble Bros, and
the Alabama Car Works, both of which establishments have been in operation
here for several years. This plant — valued at $250,000— is being rapidly
enlarged, so that its capacity will be twenty-five freight cars per day and eight
passenger coaches per month. Their car-wheel department, rolling mill and
forges will not only supply the car works here, but those belonging to the Com-
pany in Illinois, and also their car shojjs now being removed from Urbana,
Ohio, to Decatur, in this State. This Company will have invested over one
million of dollars in these works when completed. They will employ steadily
over 1,200 men, and their pay roll will amount to over $70,000 per month.
Their works will also include the largest machine shops in the South, where,
with the most approved machinery, they will be able to build engines and other
machines of the very largest size. They are now finishing five engines of

Anniston.

187

UX.iiiJJ

AlEs ]1,)I.l;NG .stock CUMrAN\"te I'LAM.

900-horse power eacli. This Company was induced to locate here on account
of the superior quality of the Woodstock charcoal iron, which is the best iron
used in the manufacture of car wheels and axles, and, as they have extraordi-
nary facilities for manufacturing, and are in tiie center of the country in which
the demand for cars will be the greatest for some years to come, their object
is to make this establishment their principal one, the others being dependent
upon it for ever\-thing, excei)ting the luml)er.

The buildings embrace a car-wheel foundry 200 feet long; foundry for
other castings, boO feet long; machine shop, 200 feet long; forge, with steam
hammers, 200 feet long ; rolUng mill, 150 feet long ; car sloops, 1,000 feet long ;
two other buildings, 750 feet each, and several other buildings, 400 and 500 feet
long each, all erected under the most approved plans, and filled with the very
best machinery used in the manufacture of cars. Together with their lumber
yards, their plant will cover an area of over 70 acres.

jhp: anniston inn

This building is deserving of special mention. It was commenced in the
fall of 1884, and finished ancl opened to the public in April, 1885. It is a
graceful specimen of Queen Anne architecture. Its very appearance is an
invitation to rest and ease. The wide verandas extending entirely around
the first three floors indicate easy chairs and delicious breezes as far as they

188

North Alabama.

can be seen. Tlie interior of the Inn more than fnltills the expectation
awakened b}' its external attractions. It is simply perfect in all its appoint-
ments. The interior tinish is of solid wood polished like satin, and relieved
by unique tiles and rich tapestry. The square windows with their stained
glass and artistic draperies soften the scene with a peculiarly fine eti'ect. The
parlors are magnificently furnished, and offer many tempting devices for the
ease of their occupants. The bedrooms are large and perfectly ventilated, and
from the second to the fifth floor are furnished in equal style and taste. But
the most beautiful apartment in this elegant establishment is the diningroom..
Its walls are of oak, with exquisitely carved ornaments and the finest attain-
able polish. The glowing arches which span it in three places, and the exqui-
site inlaid work which shines about the windows in various designs are among:
the many things to admire in this royal room. Its tables are furnished with
the clearest crystal, the brightest silver and the most beautiful china. The
menu is in keeping with the elegance of the table settings. The entire house
is lighted with incandescent electric lights. It is kept in every res])ect up to
the metropolitan standard, and is under the superintendence of Mr. Harry
Hardell, a well-known Philadelphia hotel man. From the verandas of the
iiotel a superb view is had. The breezes sweeping constantly through the

Anniston.

189

ANNISTON INN-GRAND STAIRCASE.

wide arches and the fluttering curtains make the Inn a most tempting sum-
mer resort, and it is arranged to be kept warm and cozy m winter, so that
whenever a traveler tinds shelter beneath its roof he can be comfortable an. I
happy.

OTES SUMMARY

Anniston

Has two daily newspapers.

Has a population of over 10,000.

Has two stores that deal in hardware only.

Has 30,000 acres of the best coal in the State.

Has a fine agricultural country surrounding it.

Has great inducements to oflfer to new enterprises.

Has all kinds of timber within convenient distance.

Has profitable and safe investments for the capitalist.

Has two systems of electric light, gas, and street cars.

Has 75,000 acres of red and brown hematite iron ores.

Has many buildings noted for their architectural beauty.

Has doubled its population within the last twelve months.

Has two railroads owned and operated by its own cdtizens.

The largest cotton mill in the State is said to be in Anniston.

In another six months will have the free delivery mail system.

190 North Alabama.

Is building an electric street car line to be run by electric motors.

Has a splendid steel Bloomary, that will give rise to many smaller
industries.

Has room and occupation for thousands of laborers, skilled mechanics
-and artisans.

Has an excellent system of railway connections with all parts of the
United States.

Anniston this year has shipped the product of its cotton mill to
.Shanghai, China.

Has three banks, but there is a splendid opening here for another with
business enough for all.

Has two coke furnaces nearly completed, which will produce 2,000,000
jjounds of iron per annum.

Has one wholesale grocery and commission house, whose business will
aggregate nearly $1,000,000 this year.

Has never had a "boom." Its growth has been solid and steady, free
from inflation, but wonderfully rapid.

The "Inn" is the wonder and admiration of visitors. It is one of the
most complete and perfect hotels in America.

The car axles made in Anniston of Anniston iron will bend double
when cold without showing a crack or a flaw.

Is building houses almost without number. They are going up every-
where, and yet the demand exceeds the supply.

There are already more than a dozen furnaces in the Anniston iron
district, and a number of others are under construction.

Is building the largest iron pipe works in the world, to employ 900
hands, and to turn out 200 tons of gas and water pipe a day.

The immense 90-inch INIorse cotton compress, with its great warehouses,
is aiding in making this a leading cotton market. It is estimated that the
receipts here during the coming season will be at least 40,000 to 50,000 bales,
and possibly 60,000 bales.

There are profitable openings in Anniston for every line of industry and
trade, including rolling mills, machine shops, boiler works, foundries, furnaces,
-cotton mills, woolen mills, furniture factories, spoke and handle factories, wire
nail factories, sash and door factories, sawmills, fertilizer factories, wholesale
•dry goods, grocery and hardware houses, etc.

The furnaces, car works, pipe works, etc., and other new enterprises now
under construction, and all of which will be completed in a few months, will
require 4,000 new workmen, thus adding 12,000 or more to the population of
the town. These concerns will turn out about .*200,000 worth of work a week.
This will all go into circulation in Anniston.

Anniston. 191

ONCLUSION

The conclusion of this sketch of the " Model City " of the South cannot
Tae more appropriately made than in quoting the words of its founder, Samuel
jS^oble, Esq., at the Kelley banquet :

" All that has been done has been carefully considered, and for a purpose,
not to make a sjieculative town ; not to boom real estate, for that will take
■care of itself; not to unload on the ignorant and unsuspecting, and pocket
other people's money, leaving them with exhausted resources to create an
industrial community as best they can. With us it means the creation of new
industries and the sustaining of the old, and making all prosperous and prof-
itable alike. It means for all time to come, an unlimited supply of fuels ami
ores for four large iron furnaces in and tributary to Anniston. It means
placing in the most favored position the large coke furnaces that are now
building. It means cheap iron and fuel for the largest and most complete
pipe foundry in America, now in course of construction. It means the com-
mand of the finest timber in the world for ear works, and cheap iron, cheap
jsteel works and cotton factory. It means cheap transportation and easy access
to all parts of our common country, for the products of our industry, and the
return of all commodities in exchange. It means a careful and prudent
investment of capital that will yield a profitable return, and build and sustain
every mercantile and business interest, add to the wealth of our State and
community, and open up new markets to our merchants. It means the addi-
tion of 4,000 workingmen to our population within the next fifteen months,
and an addition of 20,000 more to our population. It means the creation of a
home market for our agriculturists, and with our diversified manufactures
rendering diversified farming not only possible but profitable. It means the
increase of wealtli and purchasing power of all our people — farmers and
artisans alike— and their ability to command what every man from youth up
■dreams and struggles to acquire, the greatest amount of the necessities, the
comforts and the luxuries of life. Thus, as far as possible, has the future of
Anniston been secured, and it seems that nothing has been unthought of or
left undone. Its great industries located ; its means of transportation pro-
vided ; no niggard hand has cramped its new enterprise for s^jace, but every
acre that will be needed for generations to come, even under the greatest
favorable development, has been given them. All this has been done, not by
the expenditure of hundreds of thousands but by many millions of dollars.
It has been done without the issue of a bond or mortgage, a note or a single
evidence of debt, relieving all our enterprises of all fixed charges either in
times of prosperity or depression. It has been done judiciously and to make
profitable the use of nature's capital in the great mineral resources with which
she has surrounded lis."

192

North Alabama.

Representative Business Men, Identified with the City's
History and Growth.

Land Company.

THE ANNISTON CITY LAND COM-
PANY. — In every city tliere are com-
panies whose long connection with bnsi-
ness pnrsnits, whose pre-eminence in all
matters of pnblic enterprise, and whose
record for untiinching integrity and
energy make them objects of special
note. ' There are few men or firms in
Anniston whose long continuance in
real estate matters has made them as
good judges as the gentlemen at the
head of the Anniston City Land Com-
pany. The Company oilers for sale
2,700 acres of the finest residence and
business property in all parts of the city.
This Company invites correspondence
from those des'iring to purchase lots for
homes or for investment. This corpor-
ation, which has contributed much to
the welfare of Anniston, and which is
now in a position to do more than ever
before, has a capital stock of $3,000,000
paid up. To this Company belong the
famous Anniston Inn and grounds, the
water works, the electric light plant, and
upward of a thousantl beautiful cottages.
Col. John M. McKleroy, Esq., is the es-
teemed President. He is a native of
Eufauhi, Alabama. He is a Mason and
Knight of Honor, and a member of the
A. O. U. W. His chosen profession is
that of a lawyer, though he does not
generally practice. He was educated at
Howard College, Marion, Alabama,
where he graduated in 1860. Colonel

McKleroy served during the war, and
was severely wounded near P'ayetteville^
North Carolina. D. T. Parker, Esq.,.
Treasurer, is a native of Munroe Count}',
Alabama. He has been a remarkably
successful business man.

The prompt action, sound judgment
and decision of character of the otiicers
of this Company, together with their
large acquaintance, render this Com-
pany a most desirable one with which
to assume business relations, conduct-
ing, as it does, all its negotiations in a
prompt, thorough and satisfactory man-
ner.

Iron Company.

WOODSTOCK IRON COMPANY.—
The great importance of Anniston as a
manufacturing center is now ret-ognized,
and each succeeding year will witness
the building of new industries and the
establishment of new plants. That this
development will continue is in the
very nature of things evident, for in the
fields adjacent the city is inexhaustible
mineral wealth, which is so located as to
l)e advantageously utilized. The pioneer
industry in this development, and the
first to see and appreciate the Anniston
district, was the Woodstock Iron Com-
pany.

The Company was organized in 1872,
and their first furnace "blown in"
April, 1873, just fifteen vears ago. The
original capital was $1 40^000. A decade

Anniston.

193

WOODSTOCK FURNACES.

and a half has passed, and what is the
status of the Company to-day ? It now
has four furnaces, employs 2,000 men,
produces 20,000 tons of car-wheel iron,
yields 100,000 tons of best Cahaba coke,
owns 60,000 acres of mineral and timber
lands, has built and owns hundreds of
houses for its operatives, possesses prop-
<^rty to the value of $3,000,000, and has
a reputation for its product second to
none in the United States. The re-
markable success of the corporation is
more than a verification of the wisdom
of its establishment.

The chief product of the Woodstock
Company is standard car-wheel iron.
Oreat care is taken in its manufacture.
The ore is thoroughly cleansed of dirt,
then calcined, by expelling all moisture,
and lastly screened. It is then crushed
and placed in the furnace. The result
is a product low in phosphorus and an
iron not surpassed in strength by any
made in America. Its reputation is
great and wide-spread, for shipments are
made North, East, West, to the Terri-
tories and Canada, in fact, everywhere
car wheels are made. It is used also for
castings requiring great strength, used
by rolling mills for making sheet-iron,
and used largely in the manufacture of
cotton ties. The Woodstock iron brings
the highest price and is always in de-
mand. A decided advantage possessed

by this Company is the fact that they
own coal fields, and make all their own
coke from Cahaba coal, the finest coking
coal in Alabama.

The officers of the Company are : Al-
fred L. Tyler, President, and Samuel
Noble, Secretary and Treasurer, who are
too well known to need any extended
notice in these pages. Mr. Tyler is a
man of remarkable characteristics, full
of energy of purpose and intellectual
force. He is noted for his executive
ability and prompt and thorough busi-
ness methods. He is from Connecticut.

Mr. Samuel Noble is an Englishman,
coming from Cornwall. He is Vice
President and General Manager of the
Company, and is its leading work-
ing officer. It is imder his immediate
management that the great success of the
Woodstock has been achieved. He is a
business man of iiigh order, energetic,
discreet, and possesses a broad and plas-
tic comprehension. Mr, Noble is public
spirited, philanthropic and generous to
an unusual degree. He founded and
built Noble Institute, and many other
acts of charity have been prompted by
his benevolence. He is indispensable to
Anniston, and has done more to make
the city what it is than any other man.
The officers have made this plant a last-
ing credit to Anniston and the State of
Atabama, and proved to the world the

194

North Alabama.

feasibility and superior advantages of
iron manufacture at the South.

Planing and Molding Mill.

FARRAR & HIGGINS.— The spacious
and well arranged premises of this ex-
tensive concern are equipped with all
the latest improved machiner}', operated
by heavy steam power, lighted by elec-
tricity, and is run eighteen hours per
day. A competent force of experienced
hands is employed in the production of
the superior work for which the estab-
lishment is widely noted. This Hrm was
established in 1887, and since the start
has done splendidly. It succeeded Mr.
W. T. Farrar, and does an annual busi-
nest of $50,0U0. Messrs. Farrar & Hig-
gins do ever)' kind of planing and mold-
ing, having one of the best mills in the
country for this purpose. They make a
specialty of moldings, flooring, ceilings,
jig-sawing, turning and housefurnishing
material. They make to order packing
boxes, wardrobes, clothespresses, and
tables of all descriptions. They keep the
greatest quantity and the finest selection
of rough and dressed lumber always on
hand.

Mr. J. C. Higgins is a native of Canada.
He is an Odd Fellow, and was formerly
engaged at Boston in planing-mill work.
He attends to the mill department,
whilst his partner, W. T. Farrar, of Man-
chester, England, attends to the con-
tracting and building department out-
side. The latter is eminently suited to
his position. Both gentlemen are men
of the finest character and business
ability, which accounts for the very large
measure of success they have met with
on all sides. They are full of indomit-
able energy, push and pull, and are the
busiest men in Anniston to-day. They
are rushed with business, and contem-
plate enlarging their plant. They have
a branch mill at Talladega. Messrs.
Farrar & Higgins are wide-awake, indus-
trious men who enjoy the esteem of all.

Banking.

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK.—

The financial policy of the Government
as seen in the National Banking system
is wise, safe and economical, and" best
subserves the business interests of the
country. That it is an improvement on
the old State banking system will be
readily admitted. The governmental
plan was the outgrowth of the war, and
the elfect of the demands of the business

world and a practical political economy,
A history of the national system would
be interesting, but would not be in keep-
ing with the purpose of this work, which
has for its object the discussion more of
individual institutions than the abstract
question. This leads us to make the
statement that the only exponent of the
national system in Anniston is the First.
National. The bank was chartered in
1888, and organized with a capital stock
of $100,000. The growth and prosperity
of the bank has been pari passu with
the growth and prosperity of the city,.
a great deal, indeed, to claim. As an
evidence of its prosperity we have only
to state that its individual deposits ag-
gregate more than half a million dollars;,
is paying a semi-annual dividend of 4
per cent., and has accumulated a surplus
and undivided profit of $150,000. The
First National transacts a general bank-
ing business, buys and sells exchange,
makes collections for parties at a distance,,
and are thoroughly equipped for all the
details of the work. The management
is committed to a wise and economic
policy, and the mention of the names of
its officers is at once a guarantee of safety
and solidity. The President is D. T.
Parker, a man well known for his finan-
cial ability. He is an Alabamian, from
Munroe County, and for many years
was engaged in the cotton business at
Mobile. O. E. Smith, the Cashier, is
also a native of this State, born in Mobile,,
where for a long time he was actively
engaged in mercantile pursuits. Of late
years he was a wholesale grocery mer-
chant at Selma. The directory com-
prises some of the most substantial men
of the State, and, in a word, we may say
that the First National is a credit alike
to the city and to its excellent execu-
tive.

Safe Deposit Company,

ANNISTON SAVINGS AND SAFE
DKPOSIT COMPANY.— In writing the
brief history of a city the savings insti-
tutions are of so much importance to the
public that we accord them prominent
mention. They encourage those provi-
dent habits of saving the small sums
which the young, as well as many older
persons, have been in the habit of spend-
ing freely. A city should look upon its
savings banks with pride, and encourage
and foster them. The Anniston Savings
and Safe Deposit Company was founded
in April, 1887. It is located in
a fine brick building, two stories in

Anniston.

195

heiirht. It is central and convenient
to the people. The capital stock is
$100,000— tlie value of each share
being $1.00, and is held in vari-
ous quantities by every one in the
city. They receive on deposit sums of
money from one dollar and upward,
and pay on the same a semi-annual
interest, and return the principal and
interest at such times as the depositors
may demand. Small sums thus saved
often accrue to a large amount, and when
times of need come are found a blessing
indeed. The Bank does a general bank-
ing business, also buys and sells secu-
rities, stocks and bonds. The history of
this institution in the past has been
such as to merit the approval of the cit-
izens generally, and the ability and dis-
cretion of the officers is sure to conduct
it on a safe basis in the future. Mr.
John B. Rees, the President, is a native
of Georgia. He is engaged in the real
estate, stock and bond business in An-
niston, in the well-known firm of Rees
& Camfield. Mr. W. S. Larned, pro-
prietor of the South Anniston Hardware
Company, Vice President, and Mr. T. C.
Stephens, Cashier, are both from the
North. The officers are men of recog-
nized ability, and known to conduct

business on a high plane of commercial
honor and rectitude. AVe are glad to
find space in this volume for all such
enterprises that help to advance the
interests of Anniston, and our readers
will find that business transactions with
the Anniston Savings Bank will prove
pleasant and profitable.

Real Estate.

REES & CAMFIELD.— Among the
successful firms of brokers here, Rees &
Camfield occupy a prominent position.
Established in 1887, both members of the
firm bring to bear exceptional qualifica-
tions as regards experience, ability and
influential connections. Their office is
in the Savings Bank building. Noble
street. Parties receive prompt and cour-
teous attention, whether they apply in
person or by letter. They ofler for sale
the richest of iron, coal and timber
lands, well located for immediate devel-
opment.

To outside capitalists contemplating
investments in this section, we know no
firm more qualified to meet public ex-
pectations, and secure remunerative in-
vestments. In city real estate and
suburban property, also, Messrs. Rees &

196

North Alabama.

Camfieltl offer splendid opportunities for
investment. Tlie firm negotiate loans on
bond and mortgage. They are also lead-
ing brokers for the purchase and sale of
stocks and bonds of all kinds on com-
mission, and ofier the best medium for
the placing of local and State securities
upon the market. The steady growth of
their business is due to their prompt,
honorable policy, and the facilities
afioi-ded to their customers. The pros-
pects of Messrs. Rees & Camfield in the
near future are of the most favorable
character. The business was originally
estahlished in 1884, by Mr. Rees, and in
1887 ]\Ir. Camfield was taken into part-
nership.

Mr. John B. Rees is a native of Geor-
gia.

Major C. H. Camfield served the Con-
federacy in the late war. Previous to
going into business here, was engaged in
Atlanta, being Superintendent and Gener-
al Manager of the Chattahoochee Brick
Company, of that city. These gentlemen
are esteemed in business and social cir-
cles, and are acknowledged leaders
among the enterprising business men of
Anniston.

Stoves and Tinware.

A. H. JONES. — An old and represen-
tative house in this branch of commer-
cial activity is that of Mr. A. H. Jones,
who, from the first establishment of liis
business, has enjoyed an enviable rei^u-
tation.

]\Ir. Jones keeps on a large scale all
kinds of furnished stoves and tinware of
every description, while he does a large
jobbing trade in all kinds of liousefur-
nishing goods. A specialty is made of
lamps.

The premises, a two-story brick struct-
ure, is fitted up with all the modern ad-
juncts of convenience and neatness,
while the stock carried is large and well-
selected.

Mr. Jones is a native of Calhoun Coun-
ty, Alabama, and has made himself and the
business he so thoroughly understands
essential to those with whom he has been
dealing.* This energetic gentleman has
exhibited decided al:)ility in the conduct
of his enterprise as well as uniform cour-
tesy and fair dealing to all parties, which
is the cause of his standing so well in
the community. His general reijutation
thoroughly entitles his house to be re-
garded as one of the representative firms
of Anniston.

Groceries.

J. C. PERKINS & CO.— The mer-
chants of Anniston are live, wide-awake,
enterprising, and, as a class, no city in
the State can boast of better business
men. Their places of business indicate
thrift, and almost without exception are
models of neatness and good order.

Among grocery stores here a leading
and representative one is J. C. Perkins &
Co., Noble street.

This firm was established in 1887, and
occupies the first or ground floor of a
handsome three-story brick building on
Noble, between Tenth and Eleventh
streets. The storeroom is supplied with
a full line of choice family and fancy
groceries, embracing in part, sugar, cof-
fees, teas, syrup, flour, hams, meal,
canned goods, salt, dried and smoked
meat, salt fish, and many table delica-
cies and luxuries, both domestic and im-
ported. Their goods are fresh and pure,
and sold on a very small margin of pro-
fits. Since establishment the firm has en-
joyed a liberal trade, and the prompt and
reliable methods have won for them
many friends and patrons.

Mr. J. C. Perkins, the senior member,
and manager, is a New Yorker, and is a
successful husiness man. He stands high
in commercial circles, and is very popu-
lar.

Merchandise.

CATER-HENDERSON MERCAN-
TILE COMPANY.— The grocery busi-
ness is the most vital of all mercan-
tile pursuits. It is of jmrne importance
and should come first in a review of this
kind, devoted to any exhibit of the mer-
cantile and manufacturing interests of
the State. Prominent here, and among
the leading companies engaged in this
special line of business is the Cater-Hen-
derson Mercantile Company. This en-
terprise was established a little over a

Anniston.

197

•year ago, and from its inception it has
met with a liberal patronage and en-
-couragement from the citizens and sur-
rounding country.

The firm occupies a handsome two-story
brick structure. The store is stocked with
a fine assortment of fancy and staple
-groceries, embracing everything in the
way of edibles, fine groceries, provisions,
etc. The prices are as low as the lowest,
and are sold upon an extremely small
margin of profit. They have a large re-
tail patronage, and number among their
customers some of the best families in
this city. They are also wholesale deal-
•ers, and ship goods through a wide
scope of country. Their goods are always
fresh, pure, and can be found as repre-
sented.

Mr. G. E. Cater, the senior member of
the firm, is a native of Alabama. He is
an industrious, energetic and wide-awake
•business man.

Mr. 0. Z. Henderson is also an Ala-
laamian, and regarded as possessing
superior business ability.

The firm, as constituted, is a credit
:alike to its proprietors and the business
-community.

Groceries.

WHETSTONE & CO.— This ably-con-
••ducted and well-stocked store was estab-
lished in 1884, and has succeeded, owing
to the choice variety and high grade of
the goods carried, and the low prices at
■which they are sold.

The premises occupied consist of a two-
.-story brick building. Here may be found a
varied and comprehensive assortment of
the finest foreign and domestic groceries,
fruits and produce, teas, cofl'ees, spices,
-canned goods, provisions, cigars, tobac-
cos, etc., and all goods which are to be
•obtained here are guaranteed of unriv-
.^led quality, and may be purchased at
the lowest market prices.

Whetstone & Co. are special agents
for perfect pastry patent flour, which is
too well known and popular to need
further mention of its excellent qualities.
The permanent trade of this house is
widely extended in and around the city,
and is both liberal and substantial in its
• character.

Mr. T. F. Whetstone is a native of
Autauga county, Alabama.

This house thoroughly deserves all
the success it has attained, being known
ias an honorable and fair one, and one
"which promptly attends to all orders.

Furniture, Coffins, Etc.

CAMPBELL, PHILLIPS & CO.—

Among the foremost establishments in its
important branch of trade should be
mentioned the house of Camisbell,
Phillips & Co., wholesale and retail
dealers in furniture and coffins. They
have been established five years.
The premises are spacious and well
arranged, every requisite facility be-
ing at hand for the advantageous con-
duct of a first-class business. These
gentlemen have a splendid business in
and out of Anniston, and all through the
State. They keep a large and varied
stock of furniture, embracing all the
finest designs and most fashionable styles.
The dimensions of the store are 30 x 120
feet, is of brick, and two stories. In
this house everything pertaining to mod-
ern undertaking is executed in the high-
est degree of general excellence, and the
large and liberal patronage received
demonstrates clearly the popularity of
the house in the community.

Mr. R. C. Campbell is a native of Ten-
nessee, and came to Anniston from
Union, that State. He is thoroughly
skilled in his dual profession and fully
deserves the success that his energy and
enterprise have achieved.

Mr. J. W. Phillips is an Alabamian,
and Mr. T. B. Saulpaw is from East
Tennessee. Both are young men of
fine business ability and enjoy the
esteem and confidence of the com-
munity.

They have a branch house in Gadsden.

Hardware, Glassware, Etc.

GEO. P. CASON.— A rapidly devel-
oping and intelligently conducted enter-
prise is that of Mr. ' George P. (.!ason,
which was established in 1887. This re-
liable and prominent house has taken a
leading part in the growth of Anniston,
and its trade is a large item in the ag-
gregate of business transacted here. The
proprietor occupies a conveniently lo-
cated and well-fitted-up store, 13x116
feet in dimensions, and conveniently ar-
ranged for business purposes. He car-
ries a well-selected and comprehensive
stock, comprising stoves of every descrip-
tion, every kind of tin and glassware,
and all articles in tins line necessary
to the household. There can be found
various styles of lamps and lamp fixtures,
roofing, guttering, cornice work, etc. All
general repairing is done here on quickest
notice. Prices are so low as to make it

198

North Alabama.

to one's advantage to deal with this firm,
and full satisfaction is guaranteed to
(.•ustoniers.

]\Ir. Geo. P. Cason, a native of Georgia,
Elbert County, is a business man of un-
tiring energy and unquestioneil worth,
and the fullest eonfideni'e in all his deal-
ings is uniforndy shown. He stands in
high esteem ; is a member of the Knights
of Pythias.

JNIr. Cason has always been engaged in
this business antl has made a study of
every detail of it. There is not a retail
store in Anniston that can command a
larger patronage, and it is all due to the
skill and management of the proprietor.

Livery, Feed and Sale Stable.

AV. D. BTSH.— This is the largest and
most complete establishment of its kind
in Anniston. The business was origi-
nally called the "Parker House Stables."
Mr. 'Bush bought out ^Ir. Adderhold in
the spring of 1887, and his reliable
methods and fair dealings have made this
enterprise a pronounced and continuous
success. The building occupied is cen-
trally located, and consists of a series of
buildings, the principal one being a large
brick, equipped with all un)dern con-
veniences and faciliiies. A large num-
ber of handsome carriages and buggies
are kept for hire, and a number of fine
riding and driving horses are provided
for pleasure or business purposes, the
turnouts being as stylish as those of any
city in the .State. Horses are boarded at
reasonable rates, and careful attendance
is always given to stock t^itrusted to his
care. Many men are employed, and the
most attentive care is given to all patrons.

INlr. W. D. Bush is a native of Frank-
lin County, Georgia. He is a man of ex-
tended business experience, and is gen-
erally esteemed as among the foremost
and most deservedly successful business
men of the city.

Pipe Works.

ANNISTON PIPE WORKS.— These
works are among the latest and largest
accessions to the long list of Anniston's
industries. They were established in
1887, and is the largest plant of the kind
in America, liaving a daily capacity of
200 tons of finishetl pipe, ranging in size
from three to forty-eight inches. The
works, including the yards, cover an
area of twenty acres. A force of 350
men is employed in this mammoth es-
tablishment. These works adjoin the

two new furnaces of the Woodstock Iror^
Company, each of which has a capacity
of 120 tons i)er day, almost the entire
output of which the pipe works will con-
sume. The two engines have an aggre-
gate capacity of 200-horse power. There
are six cnj)olas in the pipe foundry.
These extensive works are snpi)lied with
fuel (it will be of interest to many ta-
know) from Blocton, Bibb County, in the
Cahaba basin.

William Spencer, a native of Pennsyl-
vania, is the president. He was edu-
cated in Pennsylvania, having lived
there until (juite recently.

R. F. Carter, also a Pennsylvanian, is
superintendent. He has of late been,
connected with the Cleveland Pipe
Works.

S. H. Smith, a native of Alabama, is-
secretar\'.

The above are men of .splendid charac-
ter and sterling qualities, and Anniston
cannot but rejoice in getting such men
interested in her welfare, being, as they
are, men well calculated to materially
aid and increase the general prosperity
of the city.

Real Estate.

A. R. NININGER.— Success to a very
large extent in any branch of business
dei)ends to a great degree upon intelligent
proficiency, which involves a thoroughly
practical knowledge of and attention to-
details. Condoning these characteristics-
in an eminent degree, and transacting an
extensive business, the annual aggregate
of which is a significant item in the sum
total of real estate sales, the firm which
is the subject of this sketch nnist be ac-
corded a place upon these pages equally
prominent to that which it holds in the
business circles of Anniston.

Mr. A. R. Nininger has a handsomely
appointed office in the new Constantine
Building. AVhile being a general real
estate dealer he pays particular attention
to investments for non-residents, either-
in outright i)urchases of realty or in
mortgages. He has resided in Anniston
nearly two years, and in that time has
become thoroughly informed regarding,-
values, and his o]uuion and judgment
would prove advantageous to all pros-
pectors. In addition to having a long^
list of valuable city and suburban prop-
erty, he has bargains to ofier in coal,. g
iron and timber lands. '^

Mr. Nininger was formerly of St. Paul,.
Minnesota, and more recently of Lowndes-
County, this State. He is considered im.

Anniston.

199

business circles a man of worth and in-
fluence and one who has rendered val-
uable services to Anniston.

General Merchandise.

McJUNKINS & CO.— A noteworthy
mercantile establishment is that of
Messrs. INIcJunkins & Co., on Noble
street, corner of Thirteenth. The firm
has l)een establisiicd five years, and has
met with a liberal patronage. They deal
in staiileand fancy groceries, country pro-
duce, hay, corn, oats, bran, lard, bacon,
flour, syruj) and a general line of heavy
groceries and feed products. They
solicit consignments of fruits and vege-
tables in season, and make prompt re-
mittances of all sales. In addition to
the groceries they a!so carry a select
stock of boots and shoes, etc., and are
prepared to offer inducements in all
these goods. The store is a handsome
one, and is stocked with the choicest and
finest of goods.

Mr. McJunkins is a native of Florida,
and has resided in Anniston about five
years. He is popular and highly es-
teemed in commercial circles.

School.

NOBLE INSTITUTE.— This school for
young ladies was beautifully fitted up
and entirely built by Samuel Noble,
Esq., a gentleman noted for his benevo-
lence and public spirit. The object of
this school is to furnish facilities for the
higher education of girls, superior to the
average course of instruction afforded
by common schools. This object has
been fully realized so far in the progress
and development of the institution. The
curriculum embraces all the requisites
of a substantial training in literature,
science, languages and mathematics, to-
gether with the advantages of a liberal
culture in music and art.

Miss E. V. Bristow, a teacher of wide
experience, is the principal of the Insti-
tute, and it goes without saying, that a
teacher so talented and so favorably
known cannot help but make this school
a success. In music the finest advan-
tages are offered, aseminentandthorough
teachers are employed. The department
of drawing and painting is also under
the care of an accomplished teacher.
There are sixty-one pupils now in the
school. There will be a large boarding
<lepartment, fully equipped in every de-
tail, fitted up expressly for the comfort

and convenience of the school. The In-
stitute sent forth its first graduating
class this year. The school is beauti-
fully located, and the house is supplied
with all the modern conveniences. The
course is full and thorough, the govern-
nient that of a Christian family, and in all
its work it cannot fail to give satisfaction
to its patrons.

Jeweler and Optician.

DOERING & ROBINSON.— A repre-
sentative mercantile house of this city,
and one of the oldest established houses
in the jewelry line, is Messrs. Doering
tt Robinson. This house was founded
January, 1884, and its prosperous career
is indicative of an able and popular
management. The premises consist of a
fine two-story brick building, located in
the best business block in town, namely,
the Constantine Building, on the east
side of Noble street. They make a
specialty of the finest lines of diamonds,
watches, clocks, jewelry, silverware and
optical goods, keeping all the best makes
of spectacles, eye-glasses, etc., of every
description. The commodious and well-
arranged salesroom is neatly fitted up,
and the stock displayed is large, com-
prehensive and of the best.

Mr. M. F. Doering is a native of West
Prussia, Germany. He belongs to the
Jewelers' League of New York. Coming
from England he was engaged for several
years at Tiffany's, New York, as watch-
maker.

Mr. R. H. Robinson, his partner, is a
native of Alabama. He is a first-class

200

North Alabama.

engraver, and is an expert manufactur-
ing jeweler.

The patronage of these gentlemen
represents the high-class custom of the
vicinity. They are both men of excel-
lent standing and are popular with all in
the community.

Builders' Supplies.

THOS. S. FORBES, Manager.— In the
field of industrial enterprise there are
few establishments in Anniston which
can lay claim to more general recognition
than that of the Builders' Supplies Com-
pany. The enterprise was inaugurated
in 1887, being a branch of the main com-
pany at Birmingham, and in the rapid
growth of this dourishing city it is tak-
ing a prominent and active part. This
Company occupies a building and yards
on Glen Addie street.

Mr. Thos. S. Forbes is the manager of
the establishment. He has on hand at
all times an immense stock of sash,
blinds, doors and everything in the line
of builders' materials.

The stock is a very large and complete
one, and embraces sand, lime, cement,
plaster of paris, A A tarred felt, three-
ply ready roofing, building paper, Choc-
colocco oil, pressed brick, mica roofing,
etc.

Mr. Forbes brings to bear long prac-
tical experience in business, and with
such perfected facilities for carrying on
this enterprise, he will soon develop the
largest trade in this line in the State.
Those dealing with this company can
rely on securing advantages not readily
duplicated elsewhere, with prices suited
to the wants of all.

Druggists.

C. H. McPHARLANE & CO.— Our

pen sketches of Anniston's mercantile
enterprises would not be complete with-
out mention of the recently established
firm of IMessrs. C. H. ]\IcPharlane & Co.
This firm opened their doors to the pub-
lic in April of the present year, and are
meeting with substantial encourage-
ment from the people. The premises oc-
cupied are located on Tenth, between
Gurnee and ]\Ioore streets. The build-
ing is a two-story brick structure,
and-well adapted for the purposesof con-
ducting a retail drug trade. Their stock
embraces a complete line of drugs, chem-
icals, druggists' sundries, toilet articles, in
fact, all things usually found in a first-
class drug store may here be purchased.

A competent pharmacist is in charge of
the prescription department, and special
attention is given to the tilling of physi-
cians' prescriptions. Their stock of goods
is fresh, and selected with special care
and pains, and it is the determination of
the proprietors to keep on hand nothing
but the purest and best goods, no adul-
teration ever being allowed in this estab-
lishment.

Mr. C. H. McPharlane is a recent ac-
cession to the business men of Anniston,
and comes from Georgia. He lived for a
number of years at LaGrange, in that
State, where he was successfully en-
gaged in merchandising. Since his short
stay here he has made many friends, and
has already obtained a good list of custo-
mers. His establishment should receive,
as it deserves, the patronage of the peo-
ple of Anniston.

Furnishing Goods.

ANNISTON BARGAIN STORE. —
A careful review of the business inter-
ests of Anniston develops the existence
of a class of houses in every respect pre-
pared to compete in the several lines
they represent with the rival establish-
ments of other and larger cities. Such
is the "The Anniston Bargain Store."
AVith two large establishments on Tenth
street, this firm carries a complete and
select stock of goods, and, in doing a
strictly cash business, they are enabled
to sell cheaper than any other firm
South. " The Anniston Bargain House"
is one of the most notable features of
Tenth street, in an eligibly located two-
story brick building. There can be found
the most varied and complete line of
gents' furnishings, hats, caps, boots,
shoes, including the best ready-made
clothing in the market. Here may also
be found the latest styles in millinery,
laces, ribbons, and all notions and fancy
goods to be desired, or that taste, judg-
ment and experience could suggest.
Stoves, tinware and crockery to suit all
can be had here at popular prices, and
customers have the satisfaction of know-
ing that they receive full value for their
money.

This enterprising firm has also a well
appointed furniture store on Tenth
street, where every description of furni-
ture, from a two-dollar cradle to the
finest drawingroom suites, can be had.
Parlor, chamber, drawingroom suites, or
single pieces of any description, and
diningroora, kitchen, office and library
furniture are supplied by this house.

Anniston.

201

Mr. R. H. Cobb, the manager for the
firm, is a native of Georgia. He has won
a place as leader in the social and com-
mercial circles of Anniston, being
esteemed and respected by all who know
him.

Druggist.

E. E. EL AM.— On June 1, 1886, E. E.
Elam established himself in the drug
and pharmacy business at his present
desirable location on Noble street. The
store comprises two stories, is brick, and
is admirably arranged for a tine display
of the stock. Here may be found a large
and complete assortment of pure and
fresh drugs and chemicals, fancy and
toilet articles, paints, oils, window glass
and druggists' sundries of all kinds,
which are guaranteed to be of the best
quality, and are to be bought at fair
prices.

Mr. Elam is thoroughly skilled in the
accurate and careful compounding of
physicians' j^rescriptions and family re-
cipes, giving his personal supervision to
the duties of this department.

This enterprising gentleman is a native
of Murfreesboro, Tennessee. He is a mem-
ber of the College Fraternity — " Kappa
Alpha." Since starting business he has
met with unquestioned success, which
he thoroughly deserves, being well-
known as a man of tine cliaracter and
business capacity, and has become iden-
tified with the most prominent and re-
spected business men.

Architects.
CHISOLM & GREEN, Birmingham
and Anniston. — Among the professions
there is none more necessary to the
growth of a city than architecture. In all
countries and at all times it has been a
most laudable one, and is regarded with
marked favor by the citizens of Annis-
ton, who have shown such commendable
ambition to secure the erection of beau-
tiful and costly buildings. That this is
the case is fully demonstrated by the pro-
nounced success of Chisolm & Green,
both of whom are favorably known. At
their office on Noble street, they are pre-
pared to furnish plans and specifications
for every description of building, includ-
ing city and country residences, stores,
warehouses, mills, factories, churches,
schools, courthouses, jails, etc. Their
estimates and computations are correct,
and they are careful not to exceed the
limit of expense set by the owners. In
the superintendence of construction they

exercise scrupulous care to secure hon-
est and skillful work, and have erected
some of the most substantial buildings in
the North and West.

B. G. Chisolm is a native of Orange-
burg, South Carolina, was educated at
Union College, Schenectady, New York,
and has practiced his profession in
Aspen, Colorado, also Galveston, Texas,
and in all these cities has achieved
marked success and an enviable reputa-
tion.

Mr. Lowsdale Green is a native of Cin-
cinnati, and a graduate of the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology. He prac-
ticed for some time in Cincinnati, and
was the designer of the Hamilton County
Morgue, the most complete institution of
its kind in the world.

In connection with their business
they have charge of the Anniston City
Land Company's best work, the City
Hall, Public School, Union Depot, Con-
stantine Building, those pretty dwellings
at the new furnaces. Col. McKleroy's res-
idence, and many others.

Since these gentlemen established
their business in Anniston in 1887, they
have been remarkably successful, being
eminently qualified by education, judg-
ment, taste and long experience, to be
leaders in their chosen profession, as
their works will show.

Bookseller and Stationer.

V. S. THOMPSON.— Among the con-
spicuous and firmly-established houses
which form the basis of tlie commercial
wealth and importance of this prosper-
ous trade center, should be mentioned
that of V. S. Thompson, bookseller and
stationer. This house was founded in
1886. He has maintained a fine city
trade. The premises consist of a two-
story brick structure.

MV. Thompson keeps a large supply of
stationery and blank books of every
description, as well as school and other
books, all that is sold in the house being
of fine quality. In addition he has a
large printing office, with a $5,000 out-
fit, where all kinds of job work, fancy
and ornamental printing, are executed in
the best style and at lowest prices.

He was born in Randolph County,
Georgia, and is a man of excellent stand-
ing, being popular with all with whom
he is brought in contact.

We can assure the readers of this his-
tory that they can form business rela-
tions with no similar establishment that,
can offer a better class of goods.

202

North Alabama.

-'^^"' '

NEW COTTON FACTORY

Hats and Shoes.

THE MODEL CITY HAT AND SHOE
STORE, Bailey & Ansley, Proprietors.—
The hat and shoe establishment of Bailey
& Ansley was established in Mareh, 1887.
Their store, well known as the "Model
City Hat and Shoe .Store," is in that tine
four-story brick building — the Constan-
tine Block. The Constantine building
is the finest in Anniston, being new, and
therefore possessing every modern con-
venience, having a perfect system of
gas and water. The goods handled by
Messrs. Bailey & Ansley comprise the
productions of the best known manufac-
turers in the country, and are warranted
to be as represented in every particular
and moderate in price. The store is
fully stocked with a multifarious assort-
ment of machine and hand-sewed boots,
shoes, slippers, etc., for men's, women's,
misses' and children's wear, besides liats
and cai>s of every variety.

Messrs. Bailey & Ansley are both
natives of Cuthbert, lvand(/iph County,
Soutliwest Georgia. They are practi-
cally experienced business men, and are
indefatigable in their efforts to please all
classes of patrons, and are fully deserv-
ing of the large measure of success whicli
they have achieved.

Bloomary.

THE ANNISTON BLOOMARY (In-
corporated), Manufacturers of Cliarcoal
Blooms. — The celebrated Anniston
Bloomary was established in 1887, and
has met with marked success and an en-
larged sphere of usefulness It was
duly incorporated with C. C. McCartey
as President; M. L. Morrison Vice
President; J. L. ]\Iorrison, Jr., Secre-
tary, and Asbury Hull Treasurer. The
works comprise the best machinery and
every equipment necessary for the ex-
tensive business. There are live double
furnaces and one heating furnace for
making iron into bloom sluii)e. This is
one of the best equipped and largest
bloomaries in the South, their output
being from thirty-five to forty tons of
blooms per day. Upwards of seventy-
five hands are constantly employed in
the various departments, and the pro-,
duct has obtained proportions of the
greate.>-t magn it ude.

The blooms manufactured here find
a ready market in New York and all
the Eastern States as well as through-
out the South. They make a specialty
of blooms for boiler plates. In a
short time this company lias achieved
a wide reputation for the superior quality

Anniston.

203

of its work. Mr. C. C. McCartey is a na-
tive of New York, was formerly engaged
in the iron business in Pennsylvania, but
previous to coming to Anniston he was
in the drug business in Knoxville, Ten-
nessee. He is a gentleman of tine exec-
utive ability, and his long and val-
uable experience is of sufficient war-
ranty for the great success and ra])id
■expanse of this industry.

^lessrs. M. 1j. and J. L. Morrison are
both natives of Tennessee. They have
had extended business experience, and
are eminently fitted for the position they
hold in tiiis coni|)any.

Mr. Asbury Hull is a native of Savan-
nah, Georgia. He is a gentleman of tine
business qualifications, and looked upon
in iinancial circles as eminently trust-
■wortliy. The officers of this company
may well be proud of the able and en-
teri)rising policj' which has achieved
such a solid success, and as in the past,
so in the future, will be found in the van
as regards excellence and ailaptability of
product to purposes required.

Dentistry.

BROWN & YOUNG, Dentists, over
Wikle's Drug Store.— The humanizing
influences of Ghristianity are shown in
.a more marketl degree in the medical
.and surgical service than in any other
way. Take, for instance, the practice of
■dentistry. The wonderful studies that
have led the practitioner from the bar-
barous pinchers of olden times to the
delicate instruments which in these days
make the pain of teeth extraction the ex-
•ce])tion rather than the rule, cover a world
of imiirovements. Anniston has reason
to be proud of her representatives of this
profession. Tlie subjects of the present
^sketch, Messrs. H. ¥. Brown and K. C.
Young, stand at the head in the profes-
sion of dentistry. They liave always
been careful students, and the result is
seen in the skilled and perfect work i)er-
formed by them in the various depart-
ments of denistry. They also deal in
dental supplies of every description, and
their office and dental rooms, above
AVikle's drug store, are well appointed
and fitted up with all the conveniences
necessary to the business. The instru-
ments, artificial teeth, and appliances
kept on baud, are the productions of the
most celebrated manufacturers in the
■country.

Dr. W. F. Brown is a native of Marion
County South Carolina. He is a gradu-
•ate of the Baltimore College of Dental

Surgery. Dr. "R. C. Young is a native of
Kershaw County, South Carolina, and
is a graduate of the Philadeli)hia College
of Dental Sujgery, having graduated in
the class of 1876. During the years of
general practice these gentlemen have
secured a large and permanent patron-
age. The work of the firm is always sat-
isfactory, as they are ]ierfectly convers-
ant with every detail of their profession
and practically experienced.

Foundry.

ANNISTON FOUNDRY, Arcliitec-
tural Iron Work, Engine, Furnace and
Car Castings, General Machineiy Work,
Grates, Sash Weights, Etc. Patterns
Made to Order. — Tliese Avorks were es-
tablished here in 1883, moving that year
from Cartersville, Georgia. Since then
the business lias increased in a steady
way, and noAV tifty to sixty hands are
employed. Mr. H. Steven.son is the suc-
cessor to Messrs. Murray & Stevenson.
The foundry uses ten tons of iron per
day, using mostly the celebrated Wood-
stock product. They make all kinds of
architectural iron work, engine, furnace
and car-castings, general machinery
work, grates, sash weights, etc. Pat-
terns are made to order. The output
jter annum is 75,000 tons of finished iron.
A tine line of stationary engines is made
in sizes from 15 to 50-horse power. The
foundry receives the greatest number of
orders from all sections, and make small
and large castings. They furnish castings,
blast-i)ipes, and all other necessaries for
manufacturers.

Mr. Stevenson is a native of Scotland.
He is a gentleman well known in this
region for his fine character, and stands
well in the community. His enter-
l)rise is a credit to him, and he should
continue to receive the full patronage
that he so fully deserves.

Hotel.

ANNISTON TAVP:RN, W.T. Edmond-
son, Proprietor. — This is a pleasantly lo-
cated and attractive hotel, and its good
name has extended throughout the State.
It is conveniently located half block
from the East Tennessee, Vii'ginia &
Georgia Depot, and is a modern, sub-
stantial brick structure, four stories in
height. The bedrooms, sixty in numb er,
are hu-ge, airy and neatly furnished, a nd
all the appointments of the Tavern are
first-class. Special attention is give n to
traveling men and their every want sup-

204

North Alabama.

plied. The tablets are bountifully fur-
nished with every delicacy and substan-
tial the market atibrds, and the attend-
ance is courteous and obliging. The
seating capacity of the large diningrootn is
fromseventy-tive to one hundred and fifty
guests. The hotel was originally known
as the Parker House, and was estab-
lished in 1H,S4. In January of the pres-
ent year iNIr. \V. T. l'>dinondson bought
the property and changed tlie name to
the Anniston Tavern. He iias raised
the standard and added to an already
good reputation since assuming the pro-
prietorship. Mr. Edmondson was form-
erly a New York traveling salesman,
representing the great safe house of
Aaron Clatiin & Co. of that city. He is
a Georgian, a native of Oglethorpe
County, and has resided in this State
twelve years. In that i)eriod, however,
he has demonstrated his ability as a
landlord and capable business man. He
possesses all the characteristics which
make up the successful and popular
host, and has rendered the Tavern a
most desirable, comfortable and home-
like hostelry.

Painting, Etc.

DONAHUE & SNELLING.— The busi-
ness of the painter and wall paper-hanger
is one requiring skilhuul good judgment,
and in this city there is probal)ly no one
better known, or better qualified and
capable of doing all kinds of house and
sign painting, ornamental painting of all
kinds, graining, gilding, kalsomining and
hard wood finishing, pa})er hanging, etc.,
than the firm of Donahue & .Snelling.
They have been established since 1887.
The firm is admiral)ly located on Elev-
enth street, near Noble, in a substantial
brick building. They carry a large stock
of painters' supplies, and everything to
be desired in this line. Messrs. Donaliue
& Snelling furnish estimates for city and
country work, and the work executed is
guaranteed to be thoroughly standard in
every particular. Several experienced
hands are employed who attend to paint-
ing, and also to all styles of interior
dec;oration and ornamental painting.
This firm has enjoyed an enviable repu-
tation for unexcelled and skillful work
in the various branclu's of their enter-
prise, and all labor is performed at reason-
able charges and in a prompt and pains-
taking manner.

Mr. Donaliue is a native of Savannah,
Georgia. He is a man of wide and com-
prehensive knowledge of his l)usiness,

having been engaged in it twelve year.s.„
]\Ir. Snelling is a native of Augusta,..
(ieorgia. He is a nunnber in high stand-
ing of the Knights of I^abor. l:5otlt
members of the firm well deserve the-
success thev have attained.

Dry Goods, Notions, Etc.

GEO. r. & E. H. SIMPSOX.— The-
dry goods and general furnishing gootl.s
business has a good representative in the-
iiouse of Geo. P. tt E. H. Sinq)son. They
have conducted their enterprise at
the above place, having develoi)ed sub-
stantial patronage. The store consists of
of a brick structure, two stories. Every
convenience is supplied for the comfort
of patrons, and the stock of merchan-
dise handled, having been selected witli
care, cannot fail to give satisfaction.
This linn deals in dry goods, notions,,
nullinery, carpets, rugs, hats, shoes, etc.
They guarantee everything handled to-
be as rei)resented and purchasable at the-
lowest prices.

Both gentlemen are natives of Georgia.
They are ])usiness men of tact, judgment
and enteri)rise.

Clothing, Etc.

ULLISIAN BROS.— A popular business-
firm is the UUman Bros., dealers irt
clothing, dry goods, millinery, shoes,,
hats, and carpets. The house was
established under the present man-
agers in 1884. The store is conceded, by
general con.sent, to be one of the largest
in the city, being 90 feet square and two-
stories high. In the salesroom is shown
to the best advantage one of the finest
assortment of goods to be seen in An-
niston. A corps of experienced clerks
is employed in the several departments,
and the nullinery work turned out is the
most stylish made. The New York
ottice of this firm is a\ Nos. 657 and 659
Broadway, while they have a branch
house at Talladega, Alabama, where they
have a large trade. The gentlemen com-
posing this firm are three brothers.

Mr. L. Ullnian, senior, is a native of
South Europe. He has been engaged in
l)usiness with his two brothers for
eighteen years.

Mr. S. Ullman is a director of the Bank,
of Anniston.

Mr. S. Ullman, junior, attends to the-
Talladega house, while his brother, L.
Ullman, senior, sui>erintends the Annis-
ton house.

Anniston.

205

Diy Goods, Etc.

JOHN W. COLEMAN has been en-
gaged in the dry goods business in this
city since 1883, and has gained for him-
self an enviable reputation throughout
the county, on account of his honesty
and fair dealings with the people. At
this popular place of business there
can be found everj'thing that is calcu-
lated to suit the tastes of people in gen-
eral and at prices that cannot be obtained
at any other establishment of the kind
in the South.

Mr. Coleman was born in Pickens
County, Alabama, and represents the true
type of the genial Southern gentleman.
He will take pleasure in showing people
his goods and feels satisfied that after
examination they will be convinced that
it is to tlieir interest to purchase some-
thing in his line. One need not go
farther than this jslace to supply them-
selves with the best quality of hats,
boots, shoes, fancy goods and groceries,
tobacco and cigars of every description.
His place of business, on Tenth street, is
conducted in a handsome brick building
and affords ever\' facility for a speedy
conduct of his business.

Fire Bricb and Clay.

CHARLES TAYLOR & SONS, Manu-
facturers of In-wall Hearths andjBoshes
for Blast Furnaces, Etc. — The growth
and development of all cities is largely
due to the complete development of all
its resources. Aimiston, one of the most
promising cities of the State, must indis-
putably take rank as one of the centers
of trade and manufacture, located as
she so favorably is in a rich belt of
country and with railroads radiating to
all parts of the State. It is only by re-
viewing each individual enterprise that
a just conception of the various classes
of manufacturing can be properly re-
alized. The Anniston Fire Brick and
Clay Manufacturing Co., established here
in 1887 by Chas. Taylor & Sons, has suc-
ceeded. Mr. Taylor transplanted his
brick plant from Cincinnati, and he now
turns out per month no less than 300,-
000 of the finest fire bricks. This enter-
prising firm manufactures everything in-
cluded in fire brick suitable for iron
works and general purposes. They man-
ufacture in-wall hearths and boshes for
blast furnaces, fire brick for hot blasts
and rolling mills. Tiles of all shapes
they make to order, finely ground lire
clay being a specialty. Chas. Taylor &

Sons own three factories — one at Annis-
ton, another at Cincinnati and a third at
New Cumberland, West Virginia. The
capacity is from 40,000 to 50,000 per day.
They own six acres of groiind, the clay
being of the finest quality. The works-
are eligibly located on the A. & C. Rail-
road, and seventy-five to one hundred
and fifty men are employed. Two
switches from the .\. &. C Railroad have
been constructed into the yards, thus
giving every facility for shipping.

Mr. Charles Taylor is a native of Lin-
colnshire, England, moving to the United
States in 1851. He ran the brick business
chiefly in Cinciimati for thirty years.
He has three sons in the firm, two of
these living at Cincinnati, whilst Mr.
Wm. B. Taylor is the able superintend-
ent of the Anniston works. Readers of
tliis review will find Chas. Taylor & Sons
most pleasant and liberal men with
whom to deal.

Racquet Store.

LIVE RACQUET STORE, C. Rund^

Proprietor. — This house, known as the
" Live Racquet Store," established in
1886, has become quite popular, as it
takes special pains in purchasing for
cash, so as to sell goods at popular prices.
It is conveniently located on the corner
of Noble and Ninth .streets, in a con-
spicuous brick building of three stories.
A stock of goods of all kinds is carried, and
anything one wants in any line is to be
obtained at this well-stocked store.
Among the great variety we make special
mention of fine specimens of picture
frames, chromos in oil, glassware, lamps,,
brackets, toilet sets, vases, with a very
large and finely selected stock of triple-
plated silverware. In fact, the variety
includes everything useful and orna-
mental, in all of which there is a bargain
for the buyer.

Mr. C. Rund, the enterprising owner
of the house, is a native of North Car-
olina, and is a member of the Knights
of Pythias and the Order of Red Men,
as well as being a Mason and Odd Fel-
low. We commend the readers of this
history to visit and see the variety of
goods carried at this establishment.

Fancy Groceries.

J. B. INGRAM & CO.— Among the
recent new mercantile enterprises in
Anniston we mention with a special de-
gree of pleasure the firm of J. B. Ingram
& Co., dealers in staple and fancy gro-

206

North Alabama.

ceries, cigars, tobacco, etc. This firm oc-
cupies a storeroom on Tenth street, in
the new Constantine building;. It is ad-
mirably fitti^d up, and is in the business
center. IIousekeei)ers can here find a
full and complete stock of groceries, and
everything with which to supply their
tables, and at prices that will defy com-
petition. They keep none but the best,
and all goods are delivered free of charge.
In addition to the usual stock of gro-
ceries they also keep many extra table
delicacies not usually found in similar
grocery estaldisiiments. They spare no
ett'ort or pains to please their customers,
and have met with an unusual degree of
success in their undertaking. The firm
was established in January of the pres-
ent year, and is composed of J. B. Ingram,
D. C. Cooper and A. B. Ingram. These
gentlemen are all natives of Calhoun
County, and are well and favoi-ably
known to this entire community They
are energetic, capable, and thoroughly
understand their i)usiness, and pos.sess
the confidence and the good will of the
people of Anniston.

Furniture.

STANTON BROS.— Of late years there
has been prolialjly no greater advance
made in any line of merchandise than in
the manufacture and sale of furniture.
Furniture of to-day is far more durable, as
well as ornamental, than it was in the
time of our fathers, and the prices now
compared with tiie prices then, are far
less for the same class of goods. At the
storeroom of Messrs. Stanton Bros, may
be found one of the largest, most attrac-
tive and comi)lete assortment of furni-
ture in the city, embracing all grades
from the finest to the cheapest. Here
may be found suits of furniture appro-
priate for a mansion, or suits less expen-
sive that would be in keeping with the
humbler home of the working man. They
occupy an eligible location in the Mobile
Block, on the corner of Noble and Ninth
streets. In the rear is a good two-
story warehouse, in which is carried
their surplus stock. The Messrs. Stan-
ton Bros, invite an inspection of their
goods, and customers will find that their
prices will compare with those of metro-
pohtan merchants. The individual mem-
bers of tlie firm are Messrs. E. 0. and D.
D. Stanton, natives of Georgia, but re-
cently from South Carolina. They were
in business in the latter State for eight
years, and in the city of Atlanta for a
considerable period. Their present busi-

ness was established here in March,
1888, and since that time have built up a
flourishing trade. They are deserving,
efticient and reliable young men, and we
bespeak for them a liberal share of the
public patronage.

Hardware.

ALF. TRUITT & CO.— The hardware
trade is one of the most important fac-
tors of metropolitan commerce, giving
employment to large capital and much
talented business ability. A representa-
tive house in this respect is Alf.Truitt &
Co., wholesale and retail dealers in hard-
ware. This house was established Sep-
tember ]0, 1887. The store, a two story
brick structure, is systematically and
conveniently arranged, and the well-
selected stock is advantageously dis-
played. This house makes a specialty
of builders' material, and keeps on hand
belting, manilla rope and packing for
steam engines, materials for wagons and
the latest improved tools. Salesmen are
kept busy looking after the outside trade,
the general business being prosperous.

Mr. A If Truitt is a native of Georgia.
Those associated with him are men of
fine character, i:)rompt and energetic.
Well known and respected by all,
possessing extensive business connec-
tions and reiialile, there is no better firm
with which to establish business relations
than A If. Truitt & Co.

Printing.

G. H. NORWOOD.-The printing
trade is ably represented in this city by
G. H. Norwood, whose well-ordered
premises are equipi)ed with all the latest
improved printing material and ap-
pliances. His office is centrally located
on Noble street, in Mobile Block.

Mr. Norwood, who established himself
in this city in 1884, is th(ir(jughly ac-
quainted with all the details of the print-
ing l)usiness, having been engaged in it
for nine years. He does all kinds of
commercial printing. He is from Geor-
gia. His business from its first has had
a substantial and prosperous growth.
The work he turns out, which comprises
everything in the line of commercial
printing, has a standard reputation for
artistic and mechanical excellence, he
being an experienced and capable ex})0-
nent of his trade. By able and pojjular
management he has built up a large and
fast increasing business, and obtained a
leading position in his field of industry
in this section.

Anniston.

207

Tailoring.
WM. F. HANDLF.Y & CO.-The city
of Anniston possesses a complete and
meritorious tailoring establishment in
that of Wm. F. Handley & Co. Ihis
£rm began business here early the pres-
ent year (18SS), and have received Hberal
and substantial patronage from the public.
No man no\v-a-davs, wiio wishes to ap-
pear well dressed, and also to practice
true economy, thinks of buying his
clothes readv-made. Keady-madeclotli-
ingis the dearest at last. 3Iessrs. Hand-
ley & Co. are practical cutters and dra-
pers, artistic tailors, and guarantee a
perfect tit. They keep in stock a fine
line of foreign and domestic cassimeres,
woolens, diagonals, worsteds, etc., which
are made to order in the latest styles
They receive orders from a distance, and
send goods by express C. O. D. The
firm solicits correspondence, and will
quote prices and send samples on ap-
plication.

Mr. W. F. Handley is a native of
Georgia, and is a man in whom the peo-
ple have long since trusted. He has
been in this business line five years. He
is popular, and deserves the success he
has achieved.

jNIr. W. H. Langley is from Pennsyl-
vania, and a recent resident of Anniston.
The cutter has liad thirty years ex-
perience. Their rooms are on the first
floor of the Ely buildhig, Noble street.
Their postoftice box is 312.

Having a good outside income in addi-
tion to their now prosperous business
they may well look forward to a very
bright future.

Photographers.
ETJSSELL BROS.-This well know^n firm
have been among the most successful
business men in tlie South. After con-
siderable experience, education and
travel in the interest of tlieir profession
they came from their native home m
East Tennessee to Oxanna, Alabama,
where they established a very enviable
reputation'^as superior artists in photog-
raphv.

They removed from Oxanna to A.nnis-
ton (only one mile) January 1, 188S,
where they are reaping the benefits of
their w^ell-earned reputation, and have
no trouble to control the entire trade of
the surrounding country for miles
around, besides having an extensive
transient patronage, making everything
from very small pliotos to life-size cray-
ons, pastel, ink and water-color portraits.
They have also been dealing somewhat
in real estate, and have made comforta-
ble fortunes for themselves in that line
alone.

Dry Goods, Groceries and Country Produce.
T. M. RAMSEY & CO.— Among the
prominent and intelligent business houses
in this enterprising city will be lound
i that of Messrs. Kamsey & Co., dealers m
dry goods, groceries and <'ountry pro-
duce." The business was established in
188(5, and subsequent to that time has
enjoyed a large and permanent patron-
age. The premises occupied are well
arranged, being fitted up in the most
attractive manner. The .stock of mer-
chandi.se carried is large, embracing a
full and complete assortment of staple
and fancy groceries and country produce
in season. In another department is
displayed a full and carefully selected
assortment of dry goods, including dress
fabrics of the latest fashionable designs,
white goods, notions, etc , all of which
are purchasable at the lowest market
prices.

The identical members of the firm are
Messrs. J. W., R. C. and William Ram-
sey, the latter being the father of J. VV.
and R C. Ramsey. They are active,
energetic business men, who have
achieved by merit the highest position
for mercantile integrity and intelligence,
and are worthy representatives of the
commercial interests of Oxford. They
are native Georgians.

Their store is located at Oxford, Ala-
bama.

Jewelry.

ABE B. FRY.— This store is in the
Clark Building, on Noble street. It was
founded in March, 1887. Abe B. Fry
since in Anniston has met with
success. His store is centrally located,
being in Noble street. It con-
tains a complete assortment of beauti-
ful wares, including gold and silver
watches, clocks, novelties in jewelry,
silverware, diamonds, etc. He makes a
specialty of musical instruments, and
keeps the finest of pianos and organs,
and is agent for Everett and Knabe
pianos. His stock has been selected
with utmost care and is to be bought at
the lowest prices consistent with fair
dealing.

Mr. Fry is a native of ISew \ork,ancl
a member of the Knights of Pythias.
He has enjoved a liberal share of iavor

208

North Alabama.

ANNISTON MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S MILLS.

and patronage, and employs several
skilled assistants, and all orders for re-
pairing of every description are promptly
executed at reasonable prices.

Manufacturing.

ANNISTON MANUFACTURING
COMPANY.— The advantages of Annis-
ton for turning out cotton goods requires
no extended notice. The manufacture of
cotton goods in the Anniston ^lanufact-
uring Company's mill is one of the most
prominent features of the city's indus-
tries.

This Company, established in 1880,
conducts its business so thoroughly and
on such a scale of magnitude as bids
fair to establish Anniston as one of the
chief localities of the industry in the
State. The successful operations of the
Anniston Manufacturing Company, and,
indeed, of all mills now established in
the South, prove beyond a question of
doubt that this great industry is destined
to be virtually transplanted from the
bleak granite hills of New England to the
more genial cotton patches of the South.
Common sense and self-interest demand
it, and progressiveness, enterprise and
pluck — such as the able officers of this

Company have shown — will accomplish
it. The line brick structure belonging to-
this Company, where the manufactur-
ing is done, is the finest of its kind and
most conspicuous in Anniston, being-
four stories, and having two extensive
wings. More than 300 hands are em-
ployed, and thirty per cent, of what is
manufactured is exported to China. The-
specialties of this Company are sheetings,
shirting and drilling. There are 820'
looms in the factory, and 11,568 spindles.

Mr. Alfred L. Tyler, a native of Con-
necticut, is President. This gentlemaa
is also well known as President of the cel-
ebrated Woodstock Iron Company. He,
together with Mr. Samuel Noble, has.
been the main support of Anniston since
its earliest days. He is, without doubt,,
one of the most public-spirited and lib-
eral-minded men to be found in the
State. He is interested in all that pro-
motes the welfare of Anniston, no enter-
prise being considered well under way
without his approval.

Mr. James B. Goodwin, the Treasurer
of the Company, is a native of Selma,
Alabama. He is a member of the Knights
of Honor. He is eminently suited to
his position, having been during the
greater part of his life in the cotton busi-
ness.

Anniston.

209

Druggist.

J. L. WIKLE. — Anniston is a beauti-
ful and rapidly growing city, and those
who engage in business here must also

be wide-awake and progressive in order to
keep pace with her rapid growth and
advancement.

J. L. Wikle will always be found
among the leaders in any enterprise that
may come before the people of this com-
munity. He has been engaged in the
drug trade in this city since 1880, and
has gained an enviable reputation among
his patrons and friends, on account of his
marked attention to business, strict in-
tegrity and fair dealing.

Mr. Wikle is a 2i*aduate of medicine,
and thoroughly skilled in the accurate
and careful compounding of physicians'
prescriptions and family recipes, and
gives his personal supervision to this de-
partment.

The store is an admirably arranged
apartment. It contains every facility and
convenience. Here may be found a large
and complete assortment .of pure and
fresh drugs, chemicals, reputable pro-
prietary medicines, fancy and toilet
articles, stationery and druggists' sun-
dries of all kinds, which are guaranteed
to be of the very best quality, and are
purchasable at fair prices.

Mr. Wikle is a native of Georgia, and
has long been engaged in the drug busi-

-y^

H(JNT5VILLE.

THE old and the new — Nature and Art — Nature, in all of its fasci-
nating beauty, richness, versatility, salubriousness of climate and
fertility of soil, with a wealth of varied resources unequaled— such
is Huntsville.

When the painter's brush shall be able to transfer to canvas the
gorgeous splendors of a golden sunset, the pen will be able to
describe Nature ; and not until then can anything be written that
will fully describe Huntsville and its surroundings. They must be
seen to know them and to appreciate their numerous elements of
attraction.

An accomplished writer, and an intelligent lover of the beautiful in
Nature, has very correctly written :

" If he who uttered the sentiment, ' See Naples and die,' could have stood
on Monte Sano, and from thence have looked down upon this fair city,
niethinks he would have exclaimed instead: ' See Huntsville from the moun-
tain and die ; ' for surely, in all this lovely Southland there is no lovelier pros-
pect. The approach to the mountain is in strict keeping with the scene,
being over a well-graded road some four miles long, bordered on either
side with cedars, and affording a continuous feast to the eye. Up and up we
go, but the ascent is so gradual we scarcely realize we are ascending, until the
top — an almost level plateau — is reached. Here we pause and drink in the
inimitable picture. In the valley below nestles the city, white as the robe of
a bride, and wearing her cincture of mountains right proudly ; for, like Annis-
ton, she is mountain-engirdled. And these mountains ! They remind one of
billows, rising as they do, peak upon peak, hill upon hill, knoll upon knoll, on
every hand. Now, clothe mountain and hill and knoll with fur-like verdure,
fling a vail of the softest blue over the face of each, and you have some faint
conception of the glorious scene. It is said that from the tower of the hotel th&
vision can take in a stretch of country of not less than forty miles square ;
and from ocular demonstration I am inclined to think the assertion a truthful
one."

Huntsville derived its name from John Hunt.

In 1798 Mississippi Territory was created by an act of Congress, and in
1802 Georgia ceded her claims to the United States. The warlike Cherokee
and Chickasaw Indians owned the land in the region of the Tennessee River ;^
and four years before the first government land sale, twelve before Mississippi

212 North Alabama.

Territory was divided, and fourteen before Alabama became a State, the pio-
neer Hunt came from Tennessee and built his solitary log cabin at the great
spring that pours its rushing waters from the caverns of the Cumberland
Mountain spur. Out of a body of land ceded by these Indian tribes the Gov-
ernor of the Territory, Robert Williams, in 1808, by proclamation, created
Madison County. Here was made the first survey of lands in the Territory
and the first public sale occurred in August, 1809, at the Land Office in
Nashville.

The early history of Huntsville is, for the same period, the history of Ala-
bama. It is the oldest English-settled town in the State, and the county seat
of the oldest county — Madison. The settlement and agricultural development
of this magnificent domain were phenomenally rapid, and constitute a unique
chapter in the annals of the United States. Situated in the undulating table-
land between the State line and the Great Bend of the Tennessee River, where
it breaks through the Cumberland Chain at Guntersville and turns northwest,
Huntsville rests at the foot of Monte Sano. It is the heart of the most health-
ful, pleasant and attractive canton in the Union. AVith long ranges visible in
the distance and rounded spurs here and there on the broad plateati, the town
stands at the head of a beautiful and fertile valley, which spreads southward
ten miles to the river. West and north there is a semi-circle of fields and for-
ests, with farm houses, herds of cattle and stock, grain and grass crops, clover
and blue-grass, corn and cotton in their season, which deprive the scene of
savagery, and give life and coloring and the beauty of civilization to the
exquisite panorama. On the east of Monte Sano the outlook is varied — wild-
wood and mountain ridges tower without a vestige of human imprint or
occupation.

Huntsville is known in romance and song, and is historic in the annals of
the State. In 1803 the territory between the Chattahoochee and Mississippi
Rivers was ceded to the United States Government by the State of Georgia,
with the JefTerson Proviso, that every sixteenth section of land should be
devoted to education. About seventy years ago one-half of this territory was
organized for admission into the Union as the State of Alabama. Huntsville
is where this was done, being the State Capital in 1819, when the convention
met here to form the first State Constitution.

The lot on which the building stood in which the convention was held
has recently been purchased by the United States Government for the erection
of a public building, for which it has appropriated $ 100,000. It will be a very-
handsome structure, three stories high, with attic and basement, built of brick,
relieved with molded brick terra cotta jjanels in the renaissance. The size
will be 50x125 feet, and will furnish accommodations for the postoflice, court-
room and internal revenue.

From the day of its foundation to the present, the sons of Huntsville have
been prominent in the councils of the State and Nation, as Congressmen and
Senators, and in occupying the Chief Executive Chair of the State more fre-
quently than those of any other city or county within its borders.

The old-style architectural mansions and large yards, with immense shade
trees and abundance of flowers, are ante-bellum landmarks, showing that here
were the homes of an educated, cultured, hospitable and wealthy people. It
was the home of extensive cotton and sugar planters, who owned and culti-
vated large plantations from Southern Georgia to Arkansas and Texas. They

214 North Alabama.

brought their snrphis profits, which were immense, to Huntsville, and spent
them in huiUhug and beautifying an ideal city for residence: comfortable
homes, splendid schools, elegant churches, excellent streets, lined with choice
shade trees, from whose boughs the mockingbird and other songsters make
musical the air the year round. Spring, summer and autumn the atmosphere
here is laden with the sweet perfume of almost every variety of flowers, for
every yard is a flower garden. What a place for a home ! No wonder these
wealthy planters made this an abiding place for themselves and their families.

OCATION

Huntsville is a city of 8,000 population, that is daily growing from the
accession of an excellent class of people, attracted from the North, Souths
East and West. It is a city, in its natural location, unequaled in the pictur-
esqueness of its beauty and the ever-inviting charm possessed by its surround-
ing scenery, j^resenting views of mountain and vale that never grow old, and
on which the eye never tires to gaze, but with each look finds new beauties ta
delight and give fresh inspiration.

Always a place of more than ordinary intelligence and social refinement,
there is no city in the South more attractive and desirable as a home. Its-
citizenship is enterprising, liberal in vie\ys, and hospitable, social and genial
in their nature. Its health, climate, water, pure, bracing atmosphere, cultured
society, schools and churches, are not surpassed by any point in this country.
It is the county seat of Madison County, which lies at the head of the famed
Tennessee Valley, and is about centrally located in the county. It is 98 miles-
from Chattanooga, 213 miles from Memphis, and 135 miles south of Nashville,
and 100 miles north of Birmingham. It is 10 miles from the Tennessee River,
a splendid pike connecting them, the intervening country being very beautiful
in scenery and exceedingly fertile in its productiveness.

Three thousand square- miles of Alabama territory are north of the Ten-
nessee River, and in this magnificent region Huntsville occupies a central and
prominent position. It is twenty-five miles south of the Tennessee State line.
Nature secured for it ample and admirable drainage. Its high elevation, being-
640 feet above sea-level, and its distance from the river give it absolute security
from night fogs and the miasma of still-water lakes. The air is pure, sweet
and light. Its streets were macadamized over fifty years ago, and turnpikes-
run out north, east, west, and to the river south.

EALTH OF HUNTSVILLE

Situated as Huntsville is, its health must, indeed, be remarkable. In fact,
statistics place it first to any city in the South. The death rate in the city for
the year 1887, as shown by the report of Dr. M. C. Baldridge, Health Oflicer,
■was, for white population, only 10.91 per 1,000.

Yellow fever, the great scourge of Southern cities, has been introduced
into Huntsville three times during the past twenty years, but has never

216 North Alabama.

afflicted our people. One case, in 1S73, from ^lemphis ; twenty-five or thirty
cases from Memphis, Brownsville, Grand Junction, Tuscumbia and Decatur,
were received here as refugees in 1S7S, and taken care of in seventeen difierent
localities, besides two corpses were brought here and buried from, the Baptist
and Methodist Churches — large congregations attending each funeral. Yet no
case occurred among our citizens. Again, in 1879. a lady refugee from
Memphis sickened and died at the Huntsville Hotel, which was then crowded
with boarders, and no one was affected by it.

From the published reports of the American Health Association for the
years 1877-78, held at Richmond, Virginia, we quote from Dr. D. C. Holliday,
a leading physician of New Orleans, in speaking of yellow fever :

" I have just learned of a similar instance of. exemption without any
quarantine, or attempt at it, during the year — Huntsville, Alabama, a place of
about five thousand inhabitants, where no yellow fever has occurred, notwith-
standing the introduction of twenty or thirty cases, and their receiving whole
families of refugees, with furniture, etc., etc.

" ]My informant gives as his reason, in explanation of this paradox, the fact
that in 1S73 Huntsville was the seat of epidemic cholera. After the disap>-
pearance of this pestilence a conference of the health otficers was called, and
an improved system of drainage at their instigation was adopted, and a
general improvement in hygienic measures inaugurated, which are still
adhered to."

On this occasion Dr. J. J. Dement, then Health Olficer for Huntsville,
said on this subject of yellow fever :

" You have heard from the papers and speeches of the gentlemen present
something about yellow fever almost everywhere it has prevailed, except from
my little town of Huntsville, Alabama. Probably it would be well for me to
give you a short account of the yellow fever in that little town. My friend.
Dr. Holliday, alludeu to i' in hio ]\iper. On the 27th of August the first case
was introduced into the place, in the person of a r->fi:cee from Memphis. She
arrived at 11 o'clock ait night and went to a boarding-house in the filthiest
portion of the town. I saw her with the black vomit on the 2Sth, and she
died on the 29th. The people of our town, like all towns where yellow
fever was introduced, became panic-stricken, but none left the city. The
victim was buried. The bedding was burned and coal tar was burned around
the premises. Carbolic acid was also freely used. The house was deserted by
its inmates. Xo one was allowed to occupy it for three weeks. About three
days afterward a second case developed in the person of a nice young man —
another refugee from Memphis. He was sick at the house of an aunt of his,
who was unwilling he should be removed to the hospital He was allowed to
remain with his aunt ; was sick about ten days, and recovered. There were
in that house six persons^two ladies and three men and a colored man,
together with myself, made seven persons, who attended the young man
throughout the whole attack. No case of yellow fever developed among that
number of persons. From that time up to the 1st of November twenty-four
cases of yellow fever were introduced in a similar manner into that town.
Nineteen of these I had sole management of. They were treated in the private
houses of the city and in the hotels. Five cases were removed to the infirm-
ary. Of these, three recovered and two died. Every hotel in the place had
more or less yellow fever. There was no stampede among the boarders. When the

EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

218

North Alabama.

disease was first introduced our people would not go near it. It was difficult
to get physicians to go. Toward the last they began to see it was not so dan-
gerous as they first thought. I liad in several instances to insist upon visitors
staying out. At the time I left home there was but one case of yellow fever in the
town. That victim has since died. From tlie 27th of August to the 1st of
November we had in all twenty-four cases. No day in that time was our little
town entirely free from yellow fever ; no day in that time that I did not visit
a yellow fever patient. The question of quarantine came before our Board of
Health ; then before our City Council. Both decided not to quarantine. Our
doors were left open to the refugees from the stricken cities. First Memphis,
then "Grand Junction, etc. We had refugees from all those places. There was
no restriction whatever upon travel or commerce. Goods of all kinds, bedding,
clothing, evei'ything passed over the railroads into our town — express, mails —
everything. When the disease became epidemic in Memjihis, the Memphis &
Charleston Kailroad shops were broken up, and, I think, about fifteen or
twenty families, with their luggage, trunks, etc., were moved into our town.
From Tuscumbia the same thing took place. One case developed on the
train that brought the people out. Seven cases developed from one car-load
of passengers from Tuscumbia. It has been a question with me, and I came
here to hear it answered — I would like to know why the disease attacked
Decatur, twenty-two miles from us, passed through our town and lodged at
Chattanooga ?

" We did not have our cases isolated. They were treated from the lowest
house to the finest hotels. I have endeavored to answer the question in my
own mind why the disease did not prevail in Huntsville, and I attribute it to
the sanitary condition of the place."

EMPERATURE OF HUNTSVILLE

The following record was kept for the year 1887, which shows the correct
range of the thermometer for each day, at four diff"erent periods, from which
it will be seen that for nine months in the year the temperature here is delight-
fully pleasant, and for the other three it is never severe.

1887.

DATE.

9 A. M.

12 m.

3p.m.

5 P. M.

DATE.

9 A. M.

12 M.

3 P. M.

5 P. M.

January

1...

l.T

If,

January 10...

2...

1.')

o...

'>■)

IS...

4...

" 19...

5...

20...

0...

7...

11 .).)

■' 8...

.37

" 23...

9...

24...

10...

25...

n...

3t)

26...

V2...

')■)

" 27...

18...

" 28...

.38

14...

" 29

15...

30...

HUNTSVILLE.

Temperature of Huntsville — Continued.

219

DATE.

9 A. M.

12 M.

3 P. M.

5 P. M.

DATE.

9 A. M.

12 m.

3 P. M.

5 P. M.

January 31...

April 24...

February 1...

25...

" 2...

" 26...

3.''.

" 27...

A...

28...

5...

29...

6,..

30...

" 7...

May 1...

8...

" 2.

9...

3.".".'

10...

4...

Jl...

5...

12...

" 6...

13...

" 7...

14...

8...

15...

9...

IG...

10...

17...

18...

12...

19...

13...

20...

14...

21...

15...

()7

■" 22...

16...

23!."

17...

2-1...

18...

" 25...

19...

2(3...

20 ..

" 27...

21...

28...

" 22...

March 1...

23!"

2...

24...

3...

26...

4...

26...

5...

27...

6...

" 28...

7...

" 29...

8...

30...

9...

31...

10...

June 1...

11...

2...

12...

3...

13...

" 4...

14...

5...

15...

" 6...

IG...

" 7...

17...

8...

18...

9...

19...

" 10...

20...

11...

21...

" 12...

■" 22

•' 13...

23'"

14...

24...

" 15...

25...

16...

26...

" 17...

27...

18..

28...

" 19...

29...

•■' 20...

30...

21...

31...

22...

April 1...

" 23...

" 2...

24....

" 3...

26....

4"!

26....

5...

" 27....

6...

" 28....

7...

29....

8...

30....

9...

July 1...

10...

2...

11...

3...

12...

4...

13..

5...

14...

6..

15...

" 7...

16...

8...

17...

9...

IS...

10...

19...

11...

20...

12...

21...

13...

22...

14...

23...

15...

220 North Alabama.

Temperature of Huntsville — Continued.

DATE.

9 A. M.

12 M.

3 P. M.

5 P. M.

DATE.

9 A. M.

12 M.

3 P. M.

5 P. M.

July 16...

October 9...

17...

10...

' 18...

11...

' 19...

• 80

" 12 .

20...

" 13...

21...

14...

7»

' 22...

" 15...

72;

23...

16...

24...

17...

72:

25...

18...

26...

19...

27...

" 20...

74.

28...

21...

29...

" 22

30...

23!..

72;

31...

24...

■70

August 1...

" 25...

" 2...

" 26...

08^

i!!!

27...

4...

" 28...

5...

'• 29...

fi...

30...

" 31...

60-

%''.

Nove'ber 1...

67.

9...

" 2...

10...

11...

4...

12...

•' 5...

6...

43.

14.'!.'

" 7...

...

15...

8...

46-

" IG...

" 9...

17...

10...

60'

18...

11...

J9...

12...

20...

13...

44.

21...

14...

" 22...

15...

55.

23..!

7t>

16...

24...

17...

" 25...

18...

" 26...

19....

48-

27...

20....

" 2<S...

21....

" 29...

22....

30...

2:^....

31...

24....

Septemb'r 1...

25....

4-1

•' 2...

" 26....

49'

3...

27....

" 4...

28....

5...

" 29....

55-

" 6...

30....

" 7...

Dece'ber 1....

8...

** 2....

" 9...

" 3 ..

10...

" 4....

11...

5....

12...

" 6....

13...

" 7....

14...

" 8....

15...

" 9....

45.

" 16...

10....

52.

17...

11....

57-

" IS...

12....

56.

" 19...

13....

" 20

" 14....

50-

" 21...

15....

" 16....

" 23...

17...

" 24...

" IS....

^' 25...

'• 19....

"■ 26...

20....

" 27...

21....

" 28...

22....

50'

29...

(i8

" 23....

30...

24....

October 1...

25....

....

" 2...

26....

z''.

" 27....

" 4...

28....

'47

5...

f.4

" 29....

6...

30....

7...

31...

8...

222 NoKTir Alabama.

"When our people road of the work of the destructive and deadly cyclone
in Illinois the i»ast winter, they should return thanks for their good fortune in
living where such dangers never come. A cyclone in this part of the- Ten-
nessee Valley is something impossible, rendered so by the conformation of our
•country. Two things we are here exempt from that afflict the prairie coun-
tries of the Northwest and Southwest — destructive winds and severe drouths;
;and these exemptions are of great value to this section.

HAT HUNTSVILLE HAS

Huntsville has raih'oad, telei)hone ami telegraph facilities, street cars, elec-
tric and gas lights, an excellent system of water works, which supplies the
<;ity with water perfectly pure, from a spring with the capacity of 1,250,000
■gallons j)er hour, with a temperature of 00.8° Fahr.; two banks, with large
capital; four hotels, three restaurants, good market, an elegant opera house,
•convenient to all hotels, a large ice factory, cotton factory, with over ten
thousand spindles, of the latest and most improved machinery. This factory
■only makes cotton yarns, which are of so supi rior quality that one house in
Philadeli)hia has engaged its entire product. It consumes about two thousand
bales of cotton per year, which is grown in this county, and its fine fiber
•causes the yarn to be ranked with the most superior quality in this country.
A net dividend of twenty-two per cent, was declared by the directors last
year. It has been enlarged twice to meet the growing demand for its i)roduct.
Huntsville also has one of the largest cotton-seed oil mills in the South, saw
mill, two planing mills, sash and door factories, broom factory, gas works, car-
riage and buggy factory, wagon factory, cigar factory, machine shops, roller
:gristmill, with the latest and most improved machinery, which is making the
finest quality of meal and stock feed ; harness, boot and shoe shops, etc.

Huntsville also has the largest and most successful County Agricultural
Association in the State. The fair grounds, near the city, are the most beauti-
ful in the South. The agricultural exhibits for the years bS86-87, which were
large and varied, were pronounced the equal of any similar exhibits at the
-State fairs of Ohio and Kentucky. The agricultural exiiibit from this county
in 1887, at the State Fair, held at Montgomery, was unanimously awarded the
first prize of $400, and the year previous it was conceded to have belonged to
Madison on merit. The Fair is held in October, a most delightful season,
beginning on the lltli, and continuing five days.

The rainfall in Alabama averages about forty-five inches annually, and is
-SO evenly distributed over the State as to never lequii-e irrigation. Drouths
here are unknown.

HUNTSVILLE. 223

ATURAL RESOURCES TRIBUTARY

TO HUNTSVILLE

The late Commodore Maury, than whom no higher authority could be
■cited, states in his celebrated works on geography, that the Blue Grass region
of Kentucky, Middle Tennessee and North Alabama comprises the Garden Spot
of the United States. The Tennessee Valley is at the head of Northern Ala-
bama, and Madison County is at its head, thus placing Huntsville at the most
admirable point in all this famous region. Surrounded by an agricultural sec-
tion unsurpassed, all the products of the field, dairy, orchard and vineyard
are produced at its very door. This county has an area of 872 miles, with a
frontage on the Tennessee River of thirty miles. It is the banner county of
the cereal belt, being one of the largest corn-producing counties in the State.
In the north section it leads all others in wealth and the production of cotton,
the annual yield of the latter being 23,000 bales. The character of the soil is
.generally red clay subsoil, with a limestone foundation, and is susceptible of
the highest state of cultivation and productiveness. It yields promptly and
bountifully to every intelligent touch of labor This county is watered by
twelve creeks and rivers, traversing north to south. It occupies a medium
.ground between tropical and temperate producing regions, with most of the
'Characteristics peculiar to both. The soil is specially adapted to corn, cotton,
wheat, tobacco, oats, rye, barley, peas, potatoes and millet ; and orchard grass,
herds-grass, timothy and clover grow here to perfection, producing as much as
three tons per acre. Grapes and other fruits grow finely, and all vegetables
luxuriate.

The value of the annual corn crop is estimated at $1,500,000; cotton crop
-about the same ; peas and beans, $50,000 ; potatoes, $100,000 ; and horses,
cattle and sheep fully $1,000,000. There are several fine herds of Jersey and
Holstein cattle, and they thrive well here. There are fully one hundred head
-of registered Jerseys in the county, several being direct from the Isle of
Jersey. Madison County doubtless has the finest horses and jacks in this sec-
tion of country, and stock raising is becoming a very profitable business.

The largest fruit nursery in the United States is in this county, from
which shipments are made to all parts of the United States, Canada and even
Europe.

The fine water, splendid climate and abundant timber of this county are
.attracting much attention. Lands are of an excellent quality and cheap,
varying from five dollars per acre and up, according to character of improve-
ments and proximity to the city and railroads. The county is out of debt and
taxes are low.

Iron ore, lead, silver and fire clay, in abundant quantities and of an excel-
lent quality, have recently been discovered near the city, and the ore ranges
-out for twenty miles, which is estimated to contain fifty per cent, pure metals.
Adjoining the city limits is limestone of the best quality and in unlimited
quantity ; and limestone is distributed throughout the county . Such is the
■confidence in the quality and quantity of iron ore and limestone here that

HUNTSVILLE. 225

Pennsylvania capitalists have decided to construct near the city, this spring, an
iron furnace, with a daily capacity of one hundred tons. They have had an
•expert in the field for months, who is astonished at the rich finds of ores in
this vicinity. No attention, until recently, ever having been directed to
minerals, these discoveries are a revelation as gratifying as they are surprising.

Through recent railroad connection Huntsville is now in direct commu-
nication also with the great coal fields of Tennessee, by which steam coal is
brought to her depot at $1.25 per ton. And upon completion of the railroad to
Birmingham from this city, through Murphree's Valley, coal will be brought
here much cheaper. This road is now under construction, and is expected to
be completed by the first of January, 1889. This valley is one of the richest
in the State in iron and coal, and is only about fifty miles south of Huntsville.

Tributary to Huntsville are immense forests of the finest growth of hai'd
woods, such as the oaks, ash, beech, red gum, cherry, walnut, hickory, poplar,
chestnut and basswood. And in the adjoining county of Jackson is a world
of the finest cedar, through which the Memphis & Charleston Eailroad runs.

IJ UNTSVILLE'S RAILROAD CONNECTIONS

In the light of existing facts there can be no doubt that, in the near
future, Huntsville will be the great railroad center of North Alaljama and the
commercial metropolis of Tennessee Valley. Look at the facts. The Mem-
phis & Charleston, a part of the great East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia
Railroad System, runs through the city now east and west.

The Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway afibrds direct connection
to Nashville, Tennessee, and thence North by the Louisville & Nashville
System, the former being under the control of the latter. Two Southern con-
nections will be had this year.

The Birmingham Mineral Railroad is now being built from Birmingham
to Huntsville by the Louisville & Nashville S3^stem, the contract having been
let for its construction from Birmingham to the Tennessee River, ten miles
south of Huntsville. This road runs through Murphree's Valley, which abounds
in beds of the very best red hematite ore, and is equally as rich in its seams of
coal, which can be found throughout its entire distance, varying from three to
eight feet in thickness. This valley is one of the richest in the State in its
minerals, and this road thus places Huntsville in close proximity to immense
coal and iron fields, giving it sujierior advantages for all manufacturing
purposes.

The contract for building the Tennessee & Coosa Valley Railroad was let
May 25th, and work began at Huntsville June 1st. The road begins at
Gadsden, Alabama, aiid runs to this city, eighty-five miles, crossing the Ten-
nessee River at Guntersville. The contract requires that the road be completed
by the 1st of October, 1888. Inside of ninety days the road will be built to
the Tennessee River; Going south from Huntsville, this road connects with
Gadsden, Anniston, Columbus (Georgia), and Brunswick, the acknowledged
most superior harbor on the Atlantic seaboard. Huntsville thus obtains a
railroad to another great coal and iron field — the Cahaba. This road will be

226 North Alabama.

extended on nortli from Huntsville via Pulaski, Tennessee, to Jackson,
West Tennessee, connecting with the great Illinois Central. A road is also
contemplated from Somerset, Kentucky, on the Cincinnati Southern, down
along the western base of the Cumberland Mountains, via Fayetteville, Ten-
nessee, and to Huntsville, and it is confidently believed that it will be built.

All of these roads penetrate and traverse virgin country, as rich as any in
the South in coal, iron, timber and agricultural productions of every variety.

Thus it will be seen that, with these five great trunk lines, Huntsville
becomes the great railroad center of North Alabama, and fixes her destiny in
the near future of a city of thirty to forty thousand people.

The preliminary survey for a dummy and belt line railroad, connecting
the city with Monte Sano Hotel, has been made and- the contract let for its
construction, which is expected to be in operation by August, 1888. This
gives easy and rapid transit to the mountain, and enables Huntsville to offer
superior facilities to her present admirable advantages for manufacturing.

THE RAILROAD TO HUNTSVILLE

Birmingham Age.

"The announcement made in yesterday's Age that the Louisville & Nash-
ville Railway officials have decided to build a road from this city to Huntsville
is news of no little importance to Birmingham, Huntsville, and, indeed, to
all North Alabama. IVIoreover, it adds to the merited distinction this com-
pany has already won, of being the most progressive railway corporation in
the South.

The road it now proposes to build will run from this city, in a northeast-
erly direction through Murphree's Valley, which is perhaps richer in mineral
deposits than any other section of the mineral belt of Alabama. It abounds in
iron ore and coal of the very best quality, limestone and water, and many of
us will live to see the day when it will be filled with thousands of busy people,
and when its smoke-stacks of furnaces and foundries and rolling mills may be
counted by the score.

This road will also strike the navigable waters of the Tennessee, over
which it will pass into as fine an agricultural country as can be found in the
State. Madison County, as it should do, is rapidly abandoning the old ante-
bellum methods of agriculture, and its farmers are more and more turning
their attention to grass, grain, stock raising and dairy products. Here is the
country from which the future great city of Birmingham is to draw its supply
of farm and garden products.

To Huntsville, the new railroad — which will give it connection with the
coal and iron fields, and the great manufacturing metropolis of the State —
will be of immense advantage. It will put her in communication with
another great trunk line, running North and South, and with the INIemphis &
Charleston, running east and west, will make it quite a desirable point for
manufacturing.

We congratulate Huntsville and Birmingham that the two cities are to be
linked together with bands of steel."

228 North Alabama.

The completion of the Mussel Shoals is but a question of a short time,
which will render the one thousand miles of the Tennessee River navigable.
Connected by railroads of only ten miles to the river, Huntsville is then in
communication by river transportation with the great iNlississippi and Ohio
Elvers, the hundred prosperous cities of their valleys and their thousands of
miles of inland navigation, and also direct to all the great seaports of the world.
Huntsville thus becomes, to all intents and for all practical jjurposes, located
on the Tennessee River, which will give all the benefits of competition in low
freights, without the disadvantages of dampness, fogs, malaria, and their
numerous attendant evils, which bring certain bad health.

UNTSVILLE'S ADVANTAGES FOR

DIFFERENT MANUFACT0RIF:S

The history of all manufacturing towns has demonstrated that the town
dependent on one line of industry, be it iron, wood or cotton, is liable to periods
of depression. It might be said to have become axiomatic that safe and
steady progress and uninterrupted prosperity can be found only in and main-
tained by diversified industries. In this system alone can every branch of
labor and every element of material be employed, thereby making every edge
cut both ways.

In this age of increasing manufactories throughout the United States, and
especially in the South, competition is felt as never befor^. Hence, the
importance of weighing every economic consideration entering into the price
of labor— raw material and fuel, health of operatives, their cheapness of
living, lessening the expense of operating machinerj^ and saving of freights
by locating factories where the raw material exists or is grown, and nearest the
market for its consumption.

Based upon these fundamental ])rinciples in the law of economics, and in
the light of all the facts set forth in the preceding pages, the conclusion is
inevitable, that for diversified manufactories, into whose })roducts must enter
cotton, timber and iron, there is no city in the Union possessing all the advan-
tages of Huntsville.

The South, by reason of its long summers and short winters, has always
consumed a large quantity of cotton goods, and her increasing population is
necessarily rapidly enlarging this demand. The growing cities of tlie South,
the new lines of industry in her thousands of factories, her diversified agriculture,
immense railroad building and extension, are all increasing to an incalculal)le
degree the demand for machinery, farming implements, tools, vehicles, building
materials and articles of home use, into all of which enter timber, iron and
cotton, the raw material for which is found here contiguous to Huntsville in
greater quantity and finer quality than anywhere else in this country.

Transportation facilities Huntsville enjoys ample. Cotton of the finest
and best quality is grown here in abundance at her very door. All the hard
woods, in inexhaustless quantities, are here in close proximity. Iron, coal
and limestone surround it. Here is the purest water in greater abundance
than is enjoyed by any city South. A genial climate and health-invigorating

HUNTSVILLE. 229

atmosphere are always found. No death-dealing snow-storms and blizzards in
winter and early spring, no burning, suffocating heat in summer, with pestif-
erous mosquitoes, afflict us here.

Machinery runs smoothly the entire year, and operatives can labor in
comfort every day of the 365 ; whereas, in many Northern and Eastern locali-
ties, where the severe winters exist, the machinery is often frozen up and, of
course, injured, labor is made idle, expense incurred, and profits cut off.
Here no expensive fires are to be kept up in furnaces to protect the machinery
through long and severe winter nights, nor in the homes of the operatives,
making the cost of living greater, consequently requiring higher wages, and
thereby cutting down the profits of the manufacturer.

Owing to the temperate and genial climate here, lighter and less expen-
sive clothing is worn. In the midst of a great agricultural section articles of
food are better, fresher and cheaper. Healthy operatives prevent the expense
of doctors' bills, and their contentment is thus augmented. Land is cheap and
building is not expensive, which will enable every family to own its home, plant
round it flowers and beautify it, thereby bringing together those elements which
make good citizens and happy families, thus securing the most reliable labor.
Other factors in securing this desirable condition of labor are an excellent public
city school and splendid churches, with all the leading religious denominations
represented.

The discontented labor and numerous strikes that have become so prev-
alent in the manufacturing districts of the North have suggested to the
intelligent and well-informed mind, desiring to build up in one locality fac-
tories of diversified industry, the wisdom of selecting that point where the
profitable investment of capital and its harmonious adjunct — contented labor —
can be best secured.

In looking over the whole country to find the best health, delightful resi-
dence, cheap living, raw material in abundance and near the factory, cheap
fuel, with transportation facilities to haul the manufactured product to the
largest market in closest proximity, Huntsville was selected, and to carry out
this grand enterprise, gentlemen from the North and the South, of foresight,
enterprise and ample means, organized the NORTH ALABAMA IMPROVE-
MENT COMPANY, the officers of which are : M. J. O'Shaughnessy, President ;
Samuel H. Buck, Vice President and General Manager ; J. R. Stevens, Treas-
urer; J. L. Rison, Secretary. Directors: J. F. O'Shaughnessy, Milton Humes,
Wm. P. Newmaia, J. R. Stevens, Geo. M. Harris, J. L. Rison.

Mr. L. Metesser, of New Orleans, has been appointed Manager of the
Mechanical and Manufacturing Department. His address is 34 and 36 St.
Charles street. New Orleans, Louisiana.

The city of Huntsville exempts all manufactories from taxation for a
period of ten years where $5,000 and upward is invested.

HUNTSVILLE. 231

-J HE COMPANY'S PLAN AS TO MANUFACTO RIES

The Company's policy to locate, build up and foster desirable manufac-
tures of all kinds is consistent with the mutual interests of all concerned and
anost liberal. In such enterprises as are of a nature to warrant it, the Company
^ill take stock if desired by locators ; but as no particular plan can cover all
■ cases, each will have to be considered on its individual merits. The Company's
Extensive Central Plant can supply power, room, heat, light, water, etc., etc.,
for all industries suitable for a central location ; and for such as require larger
space or isolation, equally as desirable arrangements are offered. In order to
-amply provide for all the requirements of this department of the Company's
enterprise, large tracts of land, in every way suitable for the purpose, have
been selected for the sole use of the factories and dwellings of the employes so
■divided and arranged as to insure ample room, desirable sites specially suited
for each industry as near as may be. These lands adjoin the city and have the
necessary transportation facilities and ample room for all future desired out-
letsand railroad connections. The Company's surveyed belt railroad, dummy
routes, street-car lines, magnificent drives and walks, place the location within
easy reach for all purposes. The ground has natural drainage, sloping gently
from the mountain's base to near an affluent stream, which has been utilized
for transportation, and may, by proper means, be converted into a navigable
tributary of the Tennessee River.

At the base of these mountains (over whose peaks and pine-clad sides the
air passes for many miles, is purified and impregnated with health-giving
properties), and above the factory sites is the location for the homes of the
operators, giving ample space for buildings in blocks, facing and surrounding
parks and open spaces, or for cottages with private grounds. Through the
Company's property (visible in the park in the new city of East Huntsville)
and under these lands for factory and cottage sites, flows the mountain stream
that bursts out at the foot of the cliff in the city, and forms the famous Hunts-
ville spring of cool water, estimated at 1,250,000 gallons per hour at this single
outlet, from which the Water Works has supplied the city for aH purposes
since 1825, and from the same pure source will the Company's nfew city of East
Huntsville, and mountain cottages and factories be furnished all needed water,
hy a system of waterworks ample in capacity for all demands. The pay-rolls
of the manufactures here demonstrate that labor of the kind so far required is
abundant, and wages are less than for same work elsewhere; but the healthy
locality, mild climate and fertility of the soil, producing an ample and cheap
food supply, enable the operatives to live cheaper and fare better than similar
communities elsewhere. Building material can be had in abundance and cheap.
'The natural resources for manufacturing, of mine, quarry, forest and soil, are
second to none. High grades of iron ore, with coal and limestone for its con-
aversion, are found in inexhaustible quantities at our very doors. Extensive
iforests of timber are here. Twenty-odd thousand bales of cotton are annually
shipped East from this county alone, for want of additional factories to con-
vert it into goods that stand in the Eastern market at the head of the list, and
"Cannot be furnished to the extent of more than a small per cent, of demands

HUNTSVILLE. 233

'■by the mill capacity now here, whose stockholders received in 1887 over
twenty per cent, dividend.

Unexcelled openings and indncements are offered for blast furnaces, roll-
ing mills, steam forges, foundries, machine shops, boiler works, rail, fish-plate
and spike mills, nail works, bridge and bolt works, furniture factories, planing
mills, wagon, buggy and carriage works, car shops, boot and shoe factories,
•paper mills, starch works, flour mills, hominy mills, cotton factories, woolen
mills, soap works, and diversified industries of all desirable kinds, seeking
.healthy climate and good homes, cheap fuel, abundant water and raw material,
with ample transportation for supplies and manufactured products, etc., etc.
This part of the Company's interest has been organized into a special depart-
iment to facilitate all matters pertaining to same.

All communications should be addressed to

SAMUEL H. BUCK,
Vice President and General Manager,

Huntsville, Alabama.

-^i-LAND SALES-i^

The North Alabama Improvement Company is now placing on the market
'lots of its property, which constitute the most beautiful and admirably located
.in the city and surburbs, and splendidly adapted for residence and manufac-
tories

Durmg the summer and fall these lots will be continually put on the mar-
iket. The best investments, yet offered in the South, are here to be found.
Oome and see, or, address

GEN. MANAGER NORTH ALABAMA IMPROVEMENT CO.,

Huntsville, Alabama.

234 North Alabama.

j^uI>tsuill(^ as a l^ejort for all Seasoijj,
HGTEb MONTE SAN0,

1,700 FEET ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE SEA,

—AND—

NEW HaNTSVlLLE H0TEb.

Properties of North Alabama Improvement Company.

Travelers Spending Winters in Florida, as well as Southerners^

Returning from the North in September and October,

can Stop Over, on their Tickets, at Huntsville

and Monte Sano Hotels, until October ist.

It must be a source of gratifying pride to every Southerner, as well as
every American citizen, that the South is not only developing its material re-
sources and taking its place alongside the North in the various lines of manufac-
turing enterprises, but that it has reached that degree of prosperity once agains
when it can furnish its visitors from the North delightful and elegant resorts-
in winter ; and that within its borders can be found a place for its own people
in the extreme portions of the Southern States to pleasantly spend the heated
summer months, equal in every respect to any of the Eastern resorts. For
many years it has been a serious question with visitors from the North to-
Florida where they could pleasantly and comfortably stay after it had become
too cold at home, and yet it was too warm in Florida, making the change toc^
abrupt and sudden ; and the people from the extreme South, who spend their
summers North, where they could go after it had become too cold to remain-
North, and yet was still unsafe to return to the extreme portions of the South
before frost.

A medium point was desired, where travelers from both sections could,
spend the months of September, October and November as pleasantly as they-

f5^-.'/^

236 North Alabama.

had respectively the summer months. But the trouble has been, no such
point could ])e found adequate to the tastes and necessities of travelers.

Fortunately for this class of tourists, Huntsville, Alabama, is a point that
can now meet every demand.

M ONTE SANO HOTEL

Three and a half miles from the city, reached by an excellent smooth,
macadamized pike, on the southern terminus of the Cumberland range of
mountains, is Hotel Monte Sano. It is over 1,700 feet above sea level. There
are higher mountains, but in the matchless beauty, picturesqueness and gran-
deur of its scenery, no point in this country equals it. A panorama of land-
scape, interspersed with hill and vale, is also presented, that in its charm and
delight — for splendor of its beauty, is unsurpassed in the South. The atmos-
phere on this mountain is noted for its purity, exhilarating and bracing effect
upon the constitution. Various mineral and freestone waters are here in
abundance. There is an appetizing and energizing element in the air that is
soon perceptible and is remarkable in its effects.

The hotel is of the Queen Anne style of architecture ; broad galleries sur-
rounding it, with two hundred rooms heated by steam, lighted by gas, no back
or inside rooms, and into each one enters the clear sunlight.

The rooms are elegantly furnished with every modern convenience
attached. The table service is superb, and the fare exceptionally good.

In fact, in all of its appointments it is the equal of any hotel in the East.
It was opened June 1, and its success has been unijaralleled. Its guests this
season number the best people North and South. Among the number have
been leading capitalists, railroad presidents and officers, the wealthiest coal
and iron magnates, prominent bankers, distinguished journalists, eminent
jurists, and the most accomplished women in the land, and the voluntary and
universal verdict has been — perfect satisfaction given.

Since last season there has been added a handsome two-story cottage, con-
taining thirty-six elegant rooms, fitted up similar to the hotel, and connected
-with it by a beautiful walk of one hundred yards. This has been named Mem-
phis Row, in honor of the city of Memjihis, that furnished the first season the
largest number of guests of any city.

The grounds have been greatly beautified with beds of natural flowers
and shrubbery trees, and delightful walks for promenade have been prepared.
Also a commodious bowling alley near the hotel. Elegant drives around the
mountain, of at least fourteen miles, have been made, from which the most
charming scenery is ever in view, that pleases the eye and rejoices the soul of
man. There is established in connection with the hotel a large livery stable,
containing trained horses, buggies and carriages, which will be at the conve-
nient disposal of guests for riding or driving. There are also billiards, croquet,
lawn tennis, and other amusements.

An excellent band of music will be in the hotel during the season, from
June 1 to October 31.

This hotel is under the able management of Mr. J. D. Billings, who also

HUNTSVILLE 237

lias charge of the New Hnntsville Hotel. Both hotels are the properties of
the North Alabama Improveuient Company, and its policy is to keep them up
to a high standard.

T HE NEW HUNTSVILLE HOTEL

It can now he justly claimed that Huntsville has a hotel the equal of any
■<;ity in its elegance, appointments and cuisine, and superior to that of any city
of 25,000 in the South.

The New Huntsville Hotel was formally opened to the public May 10, 1888.
It is under the efficient and accomplished management of Mr. J. D. Billinga
(who is also manager of Hotel Monte Sano), who has had the experience of a
lifetime in his business, and while he comes with the highest testimonials
his strangest record is, that he has been a complete success wherever he has
been.

The hotel is four stories, solid iron and glass front, containing one hun-
•dred and twenty-five rooms, situated on the corner of the public square, most
-conveniently located to the business of the city, postoffice, churches, and
adjoins the opera house. It has been furnished anew, from cellar to garret,
in the most tasty and elegant style, with elevator connecting with the rotunda,
and also ladies' entrance and leading to each floor, lighted by gas, electric bells,
bathrooms, and heated by steam radiators, making the halls in cold weather
as warm and comfortable as the interior of the rooms. The rotunda, stairway
and diningroom are finished in hard wood finish of dark oak panel wain-
scotting. The frescoing is flat relief compo and Queen Anne style of decora-
tive fresco art. The parlor is finished in white maple, with fresco of the French
renaissance of the time of Louis XIV, and the furnishings are in keeping,
being as elegant and tasty as they are costly. The reception room is hand-
somely furnished and finished in modern Moorish design of fresco work. The
ladies' readingroom is exquisitely furnished and finished in Italian stucco
compo.

These rooms are all on the second floor and command a splendid view of
the square, courtyard park, and from the diningroom is beheld one of the
most inviting pictures of mountain and vale to be seen in Nature. All the
•rooms are large, elegantly furnished, none are inside, but into each one comes
the clear sunlight.

The construction of the building was done from plans and specifications of
Mr. L. B. Wheeler, of Atlanta, Ga., the celebrated architect of the Kimball
House. Everything that Science and Art could suggest and money purchase
has been done to make this hotel the perfection of elegance, comfort and
delightful living, and the splendid results pronounce it an eminent success in
every detail.

It has a number of large, comfortable rooms, which can be used single or
in suites, adapted for families who should desire to spend the winters in this
•charming and lovely city.

For particulars, address Huntsville Hotel.

HUNTSVILLE. 239'

A DJACENT ATTRACTIONS AND WONDERS

BROHAW SPRING AND PARK

is two miles from the city by a projected dummy line. The park, as-
planned, contains thirty-two acres equally divided between precipitous banks,
high grounds, covered with native trees and rolling pasture lands, all shaded
by native foliage. The lake will occupy sixteen of the thirty -two acres, and be
confined by high banks and sandy beach on one side and end, and by a broad
levee on the other side and end fifteen hundred feet long, four feet high and
fifteen feet wide, to be used as a drive, as well as to confine the lake. In the
construction of the lake no excavation is necessary, except in preparing thfr
beach for bathing, as a uniform depth of from three to five feet can be obtained
by the natural formation alone. The bottom of the lake will be sand and
gravel, its natural bed.

The water is clear, nearly free from limestone, cool and in inexhaustible
quantity. When the lake is completed a boathouse will be constructed, and
rowing and sailing boats placed upon it for the pleasure of guests. Shady
walks and romantic drives, more than two and a half miles in extent, are had
in and about the parks. Bath houses at the beach are to be arrange, and a
casino for picnic parties and pleasure-seekers, with all necessary appliances.
The spring is in a romantic, shady and beautiful spot, with every natural
attraction. The approach is direct from the city. Huntsville, Monte Sano and
its magnificent hotel are in full view from the park. There is everything
necessary existing to make this enterprise a great success and eminently
attractive for its special purposes.

S HELTER ROCK CAVE

LURAY, VIRGINIA, AND MAMMOTH, KENTUCKY, ECLIPSED.

One mile north of the city is a cave that is a wonder. There is a lake of
water in it from 100 to 300 hundred feet wide, half a mile long, and from ten
to twenty feet deep. Mr. H. M. Fuller, recently from Greenville, Michigan,
owns it, and is preparing it for a great pleasure resort. It is already open to
the public. It is one hundred feet under ground. The scenery is grand and
picturesque. The ceiling is limestone rock, with beautiful stalagmite, and in
this cave is claimed to be the largest stalagmite in the world. It is eleven feet
high and twenty-four feet in circumference. A large platform has been pre-
pared for dancing, and boats for riding on the lake. Gentlemen who have
visited Luray Cave, Virginia, and the great Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, pro-
nounce Shelter Rock Cave superior to both of them. It is well worth visiting.

HUNTSVILLE. 241

WORD TO THE NORTHERN FARMER

Madison County, Alabama, will be absolutely out of debt January 1, 1889,
and practically does not owe a dollar now. AVhile it is carrying a bonded debt
of $62,000, that falls due January 1, 1889, it owns $56,000 of tirst mortgage bonds
of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad with which to pay this debt. The lat-
ter are worth $1.27, so it will be seen that on January 1, 1889, the county
will have over $74,000 with which to pay this debt, leaving a cash surplus in
the treasury of over $12,000. Twenty-five per cent, premium has been offered
for the county's bonds and refused, which shows its financial condition is-
healthy and under honest and wise management.

The tax rate is : State, 55 cents on the $100 worth of property. County
same, but it has not been necessary to go over 40. City tax, $1, and all of
these are based upon an assessment of about half the real value, showing taxes
are exceedingly light.

Exemptions are liberal — $2,000 worth of real property and $1,000 worth of
personal propertj^ Rate of interest, 8 per cent, per annum.

The compiler of this pamphlet called in at random four farmers from dif-
ferent portions of the county, who made the following report as to yield of
various crops grown here. Only an average is given :

Corn ; . 60 bushels per acre.

Wheat 28 " " "

Oats 45 " " "

Barley 36 " " "

Rye 15 " " "

Clover 3 tons " "

Clover seed 3 bushels " *'

Millet :: 60 " " "

Millet hay 3 tons " "

Herds grass 2 " " "

Orchard grass 2 " " "

Stock peas hay 4 " " "

Stock peas 10 bushels " "

Sweet potatoes. . . .200 to 450 " " "

Irish potatoes 150 to 400 " " "

Both can be kept through winter.

Peanuts , 40 " " "

All kinds of vegetables, both early and late cabbages, grow luxuriantly^
and fruits do well.

HUNTSVILLE. 243

A IVTODEL KARM

Stock; Raising in Nladison County.

Details op a Visit to the Farm of Winston F. Garth,
Esq., near the City.

On Monday afternoon last a Mercury reporter drove out to the stock farm of Winston
F. Garth, Esq., about two miles south of the city, on the Whitesburg turnpike.

We saw his broad acres of wheat changing from green to gold, and gently swaying in the
breeze of a glorious June afternoon. In addition to wheat he also has planted oats, rye, and
barley, besides clover, orchard grass, herds grass and timothy. His crops of timothy and
barley will be a surprise to many who have labored under the delusion that these crops
■could not be profitably raised in this county. Last year the yield of timothy was two and
& half tons to the acre and forty bushels of barley,

We were informed by Mr. Garth that the crop of timothy matures after all other grasses
and grains are harvested. This itself should be an incentive in raising diversified crops.

SOME VALAUBLE STOCK.

Like all sensible men, Mr. Garth is a lover of fine thoroughbred horses, and at the time of
■our visit we found no less than twenty-two brood mares in a pasture sown with orchard
grass and clover. He is the owner of two noted blooded stallions, Rockdale and Middleton,
the former a twelve-year-old of fine pedigree and pure stock. The latter is a four-year-old,
perfect in form and clear color, and carries in his veins the best trotting blood of this
country.

Among some very valuable blooded stock which he purchased in Kentucky soma time
ago, we noticed Conviction, a bay filly, one year old, out of Onward, by George Wilkes;
first dam. Lady Alice, by Almont Jr. ; second dam, Lady Mambrino, by Mambrino Chief ;
third dam, by Gray Eagle. Mr. Garth was offered 81,000 for Conviction before putting her on
the cars in Kentucky.

We also noticed Alabama, a one-year-old filly, by McCurdy's Hambletonian, dam by
Almont Jr. Also Vanity, a two-year-old filly by Van Loo, out of Lizzie Walker.

We saw at the stables a handsome two-year-old sorrel filly, Fannie Wilkes, by Fayette
Wilkes, first dam by Black Prince ; second, by Black Hawk ; and also a handsome chestnut
filly, two years old, Minnie Brown, by Strathmore ; first dam, Dinah, by Forest King; second
dam, by Ed. Forrest. Both were superb and perfect specimens of horseflesh.

It will be seen from this list of young ones that he has three of the best trotting breeds
known, viz : Wilkes, Almont and Hambletonian, the kings of the turf.— Huntsville Daily
Mercury, June 6, 1888.

p RICE OF LANDS

The average price is about ten dollars per acre, but the value is increasing.
Lands have been and are selling for twenty-five to one hundred dollars per acre.
As eve ry where else the price depends on locality, and proximity to railroads
and the city. The character is red clay subsoil, with a limestone foundation,
except in the river bottoms.

EGATaR.

Alabama is the ideal mining and manufacturing district of the United
"States. In geographical position, natural resources and climate it has no
peer in this section of the globe. To the east, to the west, the north, and
through the Gulf to the Gulf ports, and to that vast expanse of country
:SOuth, and on to Central and South America looks Alabama from its central
position as the fields for her future vast commercial transactions. But Nature
gave it more than position. Within its bosom is locked vast mineral treasures,
so great indeed that they are jjractically inexhaustible. The black diamond,
the greatest leverage power of the world, sleeps here in quantities greater by
three times than all of the bituminous or semi-bituminous coals of the State of
Pennsylvania. Here again, by its side, another civilizer of the world reclines in
Tobust beauty and grand proportions which make its fellow iron deposits in other
;States feel dismay at their littleness. But this is not all. The Alabama of to-day
is but the stripling just awakening from a long slumber. It is now realizing
•what a power it is within itself, with its minerals, its cotton, its timber and its
agricultural resources.

OCATION

Even as Alabama is specially favored among the sisterhood of States, so
:are certain sections of the State and certain localities in those sections more
iavored by natural and artificial causes than others. Adjoining the mineral
region in Northern Alabama, on the banks of the beautiful Tennessee, and at
the intersection of several trunk railroads, is Decatur. Here, indeed, may
"well be said to be one of the most favored localities for a great manufacturing
■city. It is situated twenty-five miles south of the northern line of the State
^nd nearly equi-distant from the eastern and western boundary lines.

Owing to Decatur's geographical position and her railroad connections, it
is the natural gateway of Alabama. All the travel and all the traffic from or
ito the North must pass through this city.

It lies almost midway between other growing cities — Nashville on the
north, Birmingham and Montgomery on the south, Memphis on the west,
;and Chattanooga on the east.

Although connected with all these cities by rail, they are not close
•enough to make formidable rivals for the large wholesale trade given by the
territory adjacent to Decatur.

Decatur, 247

ALTITUDE, CLIMATE

Decatur is about 600 feet above the sea-level. Its elevation is greater than
most of the cities north of us on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, as the Ten-
nessee has a fall below this point of some 150 feet through the Mussel Shoals,
and then flows north for some 500 miles and empties at length into the Ohio
River, through which its waters reach the Mississippi and the Gulf. Thus
this country in Northern Alabama is an elevated plateau considerably above
the level of the Ohio River Valley. In fact, Decatur lies at the very apex of
the watershed between the Gulf of Mexico and the Ohio. From this point
all the streams flow toward the north and empty into the Ohio River. Some
twelve miles south, as soon as the basin of the Tennessee is passed, the streams
flow to the south and empty into the Gulf of Mexico.

Hence, Decatur is on the highest ridge of country between the Ohio River
and the Gulf of Mexico. It is on this account that the summers here are cool
and pleasant, and the city is free from those miasmatic influences that afl"ect
cities on a lower level.

The climate is not oppressive either in summer or winter. During the
hot spell of July, 1887, while the mercury was above 100° in the States north
of the Ohio River, it was in the nineties at Decatur. There were no nights
during this peiiod that were not cool and pleasant.

While the summers are so comparatively pleasant the winters are far
more delightful. There is no weather as cold and disagreeable as in the
months of March and April in the Northern States. Wild flowers bloom and
the trees put forth buds and leaves in February, There are no heavy snows,
no freezing winds, no extreme alternations of heat and cold which wear out
the strongest systems in colder climates. Potatoes and other early vegetables
are planted in January and February, and mature and come into market about
the time people are making their gardens in the North. These facts will be
borne out by every one who has lived here long enough to be thoroughly
informed in the matter.

J|EALTHFULNESS

That this is a very healthful climate is sufficiently attested by the mortuary
statistics as well as by the experience of old residents. The altitude of this
section secures it from all malarial or miasmatic diseases. During the summer
of 1887 the country in and around Decatur was remarkably healthy. There
was very little sickness of any kind, and none of the diseases produced by
heat in the North made their appearance here. The death rate for years has
not exceeded an average, of blacks and whites, of fourteen deaths in 1,000
inhabitants. There are few localities in the United States that can make so
good a showing in this regard. It may be mentioned that within a few miles
of here are mountain resorts, where as cool a climate as may be desired can
be found in summer. There are delightful places for pleasure seekers as well
as grateful homes for invalids.

Decatur. 249

POPULATION

Among the rapidly growing towns of North Alabama none has made
such rapid growth in the same length of time as Decatur. The increase in
population has been phenomenal. In January, 1S87, the population was
1,200, and one year later (January, 1888) it was 6,000, or five hundred per cent,
increase in one year. The population now (July, 1888) is 7,500. People
from all parts of the Union have been attracted here on account of the climate,
great mineral wealth, and the manifold opportunities and advantages the place
oflPers, both as a .home and a mercantile and manufacturing center. Those
who are already here are sober, industrious, and have come to stay.

The business men are wide-awake, full of energy and enterprise, and are
possessed of that spirit of push and pull so characteristic of Americans of the
present day.

ATER SUPPLY— DRAINAGE

A magnificent system of waterworks — one of the finest in the South — is
being completed. The works will cost $200,000. The supply will come direct
from the Tennessee Eiver, a stream supplied by mountain springs of pure,
cool water. Mains have been laid in all the principal streets, both in the old
town and the new addition. This supply, with an easy and perfect natural
drainage, supplemented with an admirable sewerage system, will make
Decatur one of the cleanest and most healthful of cities.

Under the direction of Capt. Barrett, the well-known landscape engineer,
the residence portion of the city has been laid out with a view to beauty,
comfort and recreation. The streets, avenues and drives are broad and are
dotted at intervals with beautiful parks. The natural features, so picturesque
and beautiful, have been utilized in such a way as will make Decatur as noted
for its {esthetic features as it will be as a manufacturing center.

The system of sewerage and drainage is being put in under the direction
of Sanitary Engineer Geo. E. Waring. This will contribute to make Decatur
what it will be — one of the healthiest cities in the South.

AILWAY SYSTEM AND SHIPPING FACILITIES

The main lines of the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Memphis &
Charleston Road) and the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, the two most
important trunk lines in the South, cross at this point. They are com-
petitors for freight to all points, North, South, East and West. This makes
Decatur one of tlie most favoraljle points for competition in freight rates, and
insures the lowest rates to all places reached by these lines.

Decatur. 251

In addition to these great trunk lines of road, the Rome & Decatur Rail-
Toad, from Rome, Georgia, northwest to Decatur, is being rapidly built, and
■will soon be completed.

Charters for two other roads have been obtained, one running southwest
to Aberdeen, Mississippi, to connect with the Illinois Central system, the
other running South and West to Selma, Alabama, to connect with the Mobile
<& Ohio at Columbus, Mississippi.

HE RIVER

The Tennessee River is navigable all the year round, and after the com-
pletion this fall of the works at Mussel Shoals it will be lined with boats of
large size engaged in carrying the productions of the valley to market. With
navigation once opened down the Tennessee to its mouth, raw material can be
landed at Decatur at a minimum price and her manufactured articles shipped
at low rates to good markets.

Decatur will then have direct water transportation to the Ohio and Mis-
sissippi Rivers, and all the markets these great arteries of commerce open. It
is strictly within the bounds of truth to say that Decatur can then send its
products by water, in unbroken bulk, to St. Paul on the North, New Orleans
on the South, to Cincinnati on the East, and Kansas City on the West.

Thus, the river advantages give Decatur not only a means of landing raw
material at its doors at a very low cost, but of transportation for its manufac-
tured articles in bulk to the best markets in the country.

With the competition of railroads and river a low schedule of freights
will always be maintained. The railroads crossing at Decatur are building
branch roads through the manufacturing districts of the city, and these, with
the belt road soon to be constructed, will afford manufacturers the best pos-
sible facilities for shipments. On the Tennessee River wharf boats will be
made, thus adding every advantage afibrded by the riven for freight and
passenger transportation.

The Memphis & Charleston Railroad Company are now erecting at the
foot of Bank street an elevator for the transfer of freight from the steamboats
to the railroads, which, with more than twenty miles of switch tracks connect-
ing the various manufacturing concerns now located here, makes this one of
the most convenient places to handle freight in large quantities in the South,

HURCHES— SCHOOLS

Decatur offers better religious advantages than is usual with towns of the
same size. The Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopal, Congregational and
Catholic; denominations are represented, and have comfortable houses of worship.
There are a number of excellent private schools for boys and girls, young
ladies and young men. The method of instruction is thorough, and, in many
respects, more advantageous than that of public-school instruction. The moral

FUKNACKS IN CUUllSE UK CONSTKUCTIUN.

Decatur. 253

and physical development of pupils receives attention as well as the intel-
lectual. Pupils are afforded the advantages of a good common or high-
school education, and are prepared to enter, when the curriculum is com-
pleted, the junior class of any Southern college. Tuition is low and within
the reach of the humblest mechanic.

EAL ESTATE

Property is cheaper at Decatur than in most of the new cities in the iron
and coal belt. Notwithstanding the unprecedented " boom " of last year
prices never reached the fabulous sums asked in other places. Good, centrally
located business property sells from $50 to $100 per front foot. A few corner
lots, admirably located, have commanded higher prices. Unimproved resi-
dence property brings, according to location, from $5 to $20 per front foot.
There are here many beautiful sites for homes which can be purchased cheap
and on reasonable terms. If inquired into it will be found that real estate in
Decatur is reasonably low, lower than is warranted by the city's prospective
future, and lower now than it will ever be again.

J^ENTS— COST OF LIVING

There was an overwhelming demand for houses twelve months ago, the
demand being far in excess of the supply. This condition of affairs, however,
was only temporarv, and the pressure on property owners has been consider-
ably relieved by the erection of a large number of new stores and dwellings.
Stores, 25 X 100 feet, located in the business center, rent from $75 to $200 per
month. Seven to ten-room residences rent from $35 to $75 per month, accord-
ing to location, proximity to street railroad, etc. Three to five-room cottages
rent from $5 to $12 per month, and single rooms unfurnished at$2 to $7, accord-
ing to location. Board can be secured at $3.50 to $7 per week, and at the
hotels for $10 per week.

ATURAL WEALTH

Situated right in the heart of a rich mineral country, at the edge of an
immense bed of coal of unsurpassed coking quality, and in close proximity to
limestone formations equally available, it has the additional advantage of
almost boundless forests of pine in the Tennessee Valley. Thus the manu-
facture of pig iron, either by the charcoal or coke process, can be here carried
on with an economy and to an extent not exceeded by any other point.

Near to Decatur is found the best of limestone, out of which lime is made
at a low cost. Asphalt of an excellent quality has been discovered a few

- 1 . .., .. .A n . g-t I , Jl ii„i, 1 ,1 LtiLjiii. u. | i A . il...ii..«liiiiJty-|^^ \ •

Decatur. 255

miles from the city. This is remarkably pure, containing only 18 per cent of
sand and foreign substances. Building stone of the best quality is abundant.
Fine marbles and granites are found on the Tennessee Eiver a few miles above
Decatur. These are of every variety and can be brought down the river to
Decatur at little expense. The finest quality of sand for glass making is also
found in great quantities in the neighborhood. Manganese is found on the
Company's land in paying quantities. Clay is also found here for the man-
ufacture of the finest quality of molded and pressed brick, equal to those
made at Philadelphia. Earth for the manufacture of all kinds of terra-cotta
work is also found in abundance.

While the manufacture of pig iron is so important an industry, what the
South needs at this time is not so much the means of increasing her produc-
tion of this iron, but more foundries, forges, rolling mills and iron-working
manufactories to use the increased amount of iron she will produce. Manu-
factures to consume the pig iron at home are the real want, and to these
Decatur offers inducements broad and liberal. The South will soon cease to
send so much pig iron North, while buying from there its stoves, wagons,
plows, shovels, agricultural machinery and engines, all of which are entirely or
partly composed of iron in its advanced forms.

rOTTON AND OTHER MANUFACTURES

From what has been previously said it will be seen that Decatur is admir-
ably situated for an iron-manufacturing city. It is equally well suited for
other manufactures. It lies in the heart of a very rich cotton country, and
the new road to the Southwest will open up the richest cotton belt in Missis-
sippi. With the raw material so near at hand, fuel in abundance at our
doors, and with such exceptional advantages as a distributing point, there is
no reason why cotton cannot be largely manufactured here. The cotton
mills in this vallej' which have heretofore been in operation, are exceed-
ingly prosperous. They declare yearly dividends of from 20 to 40 per cent.

There is grand openii'ig here for conducting tobacco and cigar manufac-
tories, and especially is this point advantageous for all the varied manu-
facturers of wooden products, which now are made from high-priced timber,
and shipped all over the South from the North and East. The abundance
and cheapness of the timber along the Tennessee River makes the cost of stock
for such manufactories merely nominal.

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

Decatur is situated in the center of the cereal belt of the State and in the
midst of the finest farming lands of the World — certainly not surpassed by
any section in the whole South. The alluvial and mulatto clay lands of the
Tennessee Valley extend east and west for a distance of sixty miles, while we
are within thirty miles of the grain-growing and blue-grass regions of Middle
Tennessee.

Decatur. 257

The rainfall of Alabama averages about forty-five inches annually, and is
so evenly distributed throughout the State that irrigation is not required at
all.

The lands in this valley produce the very finest blue grass, clover, wheat,
■corn, oats, grasses, garden products, cotton and tobacco.

An analysis is shown that the soil contains every mineral ingredient neces-
sary to make it a most fertile and strong land. It only needs proper cultiva-
tion and the addition to the soil of vegetable matter to make these lands
exceptionally productive. There are fields in this neighborhood that produce
over two and one-half tons of clover to the acre, and it can all be made to pro-
duce nearly as well. All kinds of fruit grow here— apples, plums, peaches,
pears, and all the smaller fruits.

To sustain the iron industry, Decatur, then, has adjacent to her such agri-
cultural resources as can meet the wants of the iron workers. The dependence
of a manufacturing district upon the surroundingcountry for food, especially
green crops, fruits, eggs, poultry, etc., is usually overlooked, " yet it is this
dependence," says Hon. W. D. Kelley, -'that interests farmers in the wdclest
possible diversification of manufacturing industries as the only sure means of
providing cheap wares and fabrics for themselves and their dependents, and a
neighboring market for such of their productions as are perishable, or will not
bear distant transportation."

pMBER AND LUMBER

Adjacent to Decatur is a wealth of the finest timber in the world. The
supply of oak, w^alnut, poplar, ash, cherry and red gum will exceed for
many years the facilities for manufacturing it into lumber. The Louisville &
Nashville Railroad penetrates the long leaf pine regions, and the new roads
now being located will develop the most extensive pineries of Alabama and
Mississippi, and make their stores of timber accessible to Decatur. For years
she has been one of the largest hard-wood producing centers in the South,
and is destined to be the greatest lumber manufacturing point in this section
of the United States, insuring for years all kinds of wood material for manu-
facturers at a minimum cost.

Land covered with virgin forests of the finest timber can be bought at from
-$2 to $15 per acre. This land when cleared makes fine farming land, while
the timber more than pays for clearing and first cost. Other lands underlaid
with beds of coal and iron can be bought in large tracts at equally low prices.
Improved farms can be bought at from $5 to $25 per acre, the price depend-
ing upon the improvements on the land.

Decatur. 259.

RECORD OF PROGRESS

The Decatur Land, Improvement and Furnace Company was organized
on the 11th day of January of last year. Since that time there have been com-
menced the following enterprises :

The Louisville & Nashville Railroad have located at Decatur their consoli-
dated car construction and repair shops, and the buildings will be com-
pleted by October 1 for these works. It is estimated that they will employ
1,000 men and add four thousand to the population. These works occupy
fifty-seven acres, and will cost $300,000 for the buildings alone.

The United States Rolling Stock Company is now building an immense
plant here for manufacturing railway cars, and will remove its entire plant
from Urbana, Ohio, to Decatur. The works here will occupy fifty acres of
land, and it is estimated will employ 1,000 skilled mechanics, besides a large
number of ordinary laborers. This is one of the largest rolling stock compa-
nies in the world, manufacturing both freight and passenger cars, including
car wheels, and everything incident to the rolling stock of a railroad. The
capital stock of the Company has been recently increased from $3,000,000 to
$4,000,000. Cost of buildings at Decatur, $1,000,000.

Charcoal Company's plant, costing $120,000.

A 70-ton charcoal ii-on furnace, costing $100,000.

The Decatur Iron Bridge and Construction Company ; cost, $100,000.

The Car-Wheel Foundry ; cajjacity, 100 wheels per day ; cost of plant,
$60,000.

Southern Horseshoe Nail Factory, 60 mechanics; capital, $100,000.

The American Oak Extract Company's plant, costing $60,000.

Ivens & Son's Steam Boiler and Engine Works, costing $100,000.

Morse's Cotton Compress plant, costing $75,000.

Decatur Lumber Company, Saw and Planing INIills, costing $50,000.

Berthard & Company, Sash, Door and Blind Factory.

The Decatur Street Railway,

The Telephone Company.

Decatur Building and Supply Company.

Brush Electric Light Company.

Jervis Manufacturing Company ; cost, $25,000.

Rowland & Co's. Waterworks System, costing $300,000.

Blymyer Artificial Ice Company ; cost, $10,000.

Six mammoth brick yards.

Arantz Brothers' Mills and Lumber Yards.

Grant & Company's Furniture Factory.

Southern Lumber Company

H. S. Freeman's Mills and Lumber Yards.

First National Bank ; capital, $100,000.

The Exchange Bank of Decatur ; capital, $100,000.

Buchheit's Bottling Works.

Decatur Printing Company.

Decatur. 261

One daily and three weekly papers.

The Artificial Stone Company.

The Decatur Plumbing Company.

A stock company is now erecting a block on Second avenue to contain six
stores, and an opera house, which will be a magnificent four-story structure.
Fifty-seven brick business houses have been erected within a little over a
year, and eleven more are in process of erection, and also a large number of
frame storehouses have been built. Since the tide of emigration commenced
flowing into Deeatur over 2,000 residences and cottages have been erected, and
it is a significant fact that notwithstanding many at this season of the year are
away on vacation, or at the various summer resorts, nearly all of these houses
are occupied, and paying a handsome rental.

The Decatur Land, Improvement & Furnace Company have erected and
furnished a magnificent hotel, called " The Tavern," at a cost of .$140,000,
with capacity for 125 guests, and is now being run under the management of
that genial host, Mr. J. Reed, in splendid style, and giving universal
satisfaction.

There are a large number of enterprises under negotiation, for which con-
tracts are not signed.

The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company handle daily in their yard
here, 640 cars — 360 going South and 280 North. They employ eighty-five men,
and pay out to their employees the sum of $6,000 permonth.

The Memphis & Charleston Railroad Company handle on an averge 150
to 200 cars daily. They employ fourteen men, and pay out in wages $720 per
month.

There are three band saws for the manufacture of all kinds of lumber.
The daily output from these mills averages 60,000 feet, which is promptly
shipped to Eastern markets. Employed at mills and on the river getting out
logs about 100 men, and pay out in wages and for stock, $3,500 per month.

H. S. Freeman's circular saw mill, with a daily output of 15,000 feet,
handles yearly 2,500,000 shingles, and almost innumerable quantities of laths.
This Company owns and operates a steamboat to handle the immense business.

ECAPITULATION-

A WORD TO HOMESEEKERS

As a place of residence Decatur has many advantages. It is healthful,
possessed of inexhaustible mineral wealth in the outlying district, is in the
midst of the finest farming and grazing country in the South ; is easily acces-
sible by rail from all directions; possesses in a greater degree than any other
town in North Alabama the combined advantages of land and water transpor-
tation, in short, is an embryo city, with a great future, where investors can buy
with confident anticipation of rapid enhancement in value.

Its location is high, being on the apex of the watershed, which divides the
waters that flow into the Mississippi River from those that flow directly south
18

262 North Alabama.

into the Gulf. It possesses a mild and invigorating climate, for it is too far
South to feel the severity' of Northern -winters, and too far North to feel the
enervating effects of Southern summers; the school facilities are excellent;
housekeepers have here all the comforts and conveniences of city life, water,
telephone, electric light, etc.

Those who contemplate building here can do so at less expense than any-
where else in the State. This is owing to the cheapness of building material
and reasonable price asked for labor. The forests, where abound all kinds of
woods, are near by, and the numerous saw and planing mills in and near the
city make it desirable for those who wish to improve property. Brick and
building stone are also obtainable at moderate prices.

Taxes are light, as are also insurance rates. The new water system will
almost entirely dispense with the necessity of fire engines.

Brick can be purchased from $5 to $7 per thousand, delivered in the city.

CONCLUSION

In this brief statement of the manifold advantages and resources of " The
Chicago of the South," no endeavor has been made to draw a " fancy picture."
The true business man ivants facts ; the thorough business man will investigate
those facts. Decatur invites inspection. Her present is not the day dream of
spectators — although dawning in splendor above the clouds of her long sleep,
the brightness is but the reflection of a more beautiful and brilliant futui-e,
which, though hidden, sends its cheering rays as the gnomer of its coming.

Decatur. 263

ECRETARY'S REPORT

^TO THE DIRECTORS AND STOCKHOLDERS OF THE DECATUR
LAND, IMPROVEMENT AND FURNACE COMPANY.

New Decatur, Alabama, July 10, 1888.

Gentlemen : Herewith I hand you statements showing the condition of
the Company according to the books on July 1, 1888, as follows :
Exhibit A. Balance sheet July 1, 1888.

do B. Assets and liabilities, omitting capital stock,
do C. Capital stock issued and outstanding,
do D. Real estate purchases to July 1, 1888.
do E. Real estate on hand unsold.

In Exhibit B, I have omitted capital stock, and shown the cost of real
estate on hand at its cash cost, or the equivalent of stock at twenty cents on
the dollar. In exhibits C, D, E, I have also shown the cash equivalent of all
stock at twenty cents on the dollar. This was done to simplify the accounts.

On the books (as shown by the balance sheet), capital stock account has
"been credited with the exact amount of stock issued and outstanding at this
-date, at par. Real estate account has also been charged with the stock at par.
The gross sales of real estate, $953,850, have been credited to that account.
The discount of fifty per cent, on stock paid in on deferred payment ($153,-
■576), reduces the gross sales to $877,062.50 net.

The discrepancy between real estate and capital stock accounts in my
l)alance sheet on the one hand, and in statements published previous to my
•election as Secretary, May 26, 1888, on the other, arises from the fact that an
-amount of capital stock originally intended to be issued had been entered on
the books, instead of the actual issues as they occurred. This I had to correct.

The treasury stock, $2,500,000, having been retired and not issued, does
not appear on the books. As soon as canceled by the legislature, the author-
ized capital stock will be reduced to five millions.

I have added to the floating liabilities in Exhibit B, liabilities already con-
tracted but not on the books, and an estimate of other expenditures for the
remainder of the year. The total includes bonuses, cost of completing the
-Company's cottages, balance on contract for the furnace, balance on advertis-
ing contracts, interest on bills payable not matured, and an estimate of regu-
lar monthly expenses.

Your attention is called to the fact that, in Exhibit B, the asset of real
■estate on hand unsold is given at the actual cash cost, $590,045.15. Of course
no prospective profits appear on the books. An inventory, however, of the
unsold land. Exhibit E, shows that at a reasonable estimated valuation it would
.amount to $3,745,645.42. The lots have been appraised, for safety, at their
lowest present market value, which is one million dollars less than the Com-
pany's prices as originally established. The unimproved Decatur land has
been appraised at the low figure of $250 per acre ; and the mineral and timber
lands at cost only, because, being as yet undeveloped, no estimate can be
anade of their true value. Respectfully submitted,

J.H. DOWLAND, Secretary.

264

North Alabama.

BALANCE SHEET JULY 1, 1888.

Real estate account $3,302,388.97

Improvements 84,410.53

BnildiiiKS 330,442.15

Materials on band 7,004.24

Switches and sidings 18,972.04

Personal property 34,936.88

Notes receivable 463,831 .81

Accounts collectible 49,710.04

Stock investments 4.000.00

Capital stock paid in for lots 153,575.00

W. W. Littlejobn, treasurer (bank balance) 14,435.83

Petty casli (cash on band) 130.15

Expense accounts 131,000.44

Bonuses 63,115.89

Projected enterprises 13,927.69

Real estate donations 11,047.23

$4,689,588.8^

CREDITS.

Capital stock $4,565,950 00

Notes payable 71,931.01

Accounts payable 20,358.78

Rentals 5,699.75

Interest 25,648,35

$4,689,588.89'

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES JULY 1, 1888.

Omitting Capital Stock.

ASSETS.

Real estate on hand unsold (cost in cash) $590,045.15

Buildings 336,442.15

Materials 7,064.24

Switches and sidings 18,972.04

Personal property 34,936.88

Notes receivable 463,831.81

Accounts collectible 49,710.04

Stock investments 4,000.00

Cash on hand 14,565.98

Total on books

LIABILITIES.

Notes payable $71,931 01

Accounts payable 20,359.78

Total on books $92,290.79

Liabilities contracted and estimated for the balance

of the year, not on books 170,429.20

Excess of assets over liabilities, excluding stock

$1,519,568.29"

$262,719.99'

$1,256,848.30

Decatur.

265

CAPITAL STOCK ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING JULY 1, , 1888.

No.
■Shares.

ISSUED TO WHOM.

Par

Value.

Cash Value
at 20 Cts,

10,7131

E. C. Gordon and associates

$1,071,375.00

$214,275.00

529

E. C. Gordon, balance due

52,900.00

10,580.00

500

Echols & Skeggs

50,000.00

10,000.00

T. J. Owens

9,00000

1,800.00

1,122}

E. C. Gordon

112,225.00

22,445.00

.32,704^

Cash subscribers

3,270,450.00

654,090.00

$4,565,950.00

$913,190.00

REAL ESTATE PURCHASES TO JULY 1, 1888.

Lands in Decatur:

Acres.
4,999.36

304.75

2.
140.

5,451.11

FROM WHOM.

E. C. Gordon and associates

E. C. Gordon (balance due)

Echols & Skeggs

C. C. Sheets

T. J. Owens

R. F. Mayes (see below)

Shares
Stock
Issued.

10,713|
529
500

" "96

Cash
Paid.

$214,225.00

100,000.00

4,000.00

300.00

1,875.00

11,8321

$320,400.00

Lands in Tennessee:
.17,994.75 E. C. Gordon

Lands in Murphree's Valley, Alabama:
2,344.70 C. G. Drown & Co. (one-half interest)

Lands in Decatur :

R. F. Mayes (bal. due him; paid in lots)

1 122}

$22,492.80

16,020.90

3,125.00

RECAPITULATION :

Xands in Decatur — 11,832| shares stock, equal to
" " cash payments

" Tennessee — 1,122} shares stock, equal to
" " cash payments

" Murphree's Valley — cash payments
" Decatur — Value of lots transferred to Mayes

Total (stock reduced to cash value)

$2.36,6.55.00

320,400.00

22,455.00

22,492.80

16,020.90

3,125.00

$621,138.70

266

North Alabama.

REAL ESTATE ON HAND UNSOLD JULY 1 [1888.

Cost in
Cash.

$ 38,988.55

378,693.34

2,029.61

4,059.22

15,225.40

90,090.33

$529,086.45
44,937.80
16,020.90

,045.15

Acres. LOCATION.

256.85 In New Decatur ; platted
3,084.75 " " not platted

19.75 Lots in Decatur

39.50 In New Decatur; in sidings
100.50 " " in parks

593.50 '' " in streets

4,694.85 Total in Decatur and New Decatur

17,994.75 In Tennessee

2,344.70 In Murpbree's Valley, Ala. (^ int.)

Total on hand unsold, July 1, 1888,

Estimated
Present Value. .

$2,682,500.00-

921.187.50

76,940.00

4,059.22

5,684,686.72
44,937.80
10,020.90

5,745,645.42

Report of the Auditing Committee to the Stockholders of the Decatur
Land, Improvement and Furnace Company.

Decatur, Alabama, July 10, 1885.
We, tbe auditing committee appointed by the stockholders of the Decatur
Land, Improvement and Furnace Company at their last annual meeting, beg
leave to submit the following report :

We have examined the books, accounts, vouchers, stock books and con-
tracts of the Company to June 1st, 1888, and find them correct according to
the books and the statements herewith submitted. We have also examined'
the books, accounts and vouchers of the treasurer to July 1, 1888, and find
them correct. Respectfully submitted,

J. J. Barclay,
H. A. Skeggs,
J. R. Boyd,

Committee^

.^■II'K^e

^'^iii^'' ■'■iir,~^;ss\ N

Sketches of Prominent Firms— Merchants, Manufac-
turers, Real Estate Agents, Etc.

Land Company.

DECATUR LAND, IMPROVEMENT
AND FURNACE COMPANY.— The De-
catur Land, Improvement and Furnace
Company was organized on the 11th of
January, 1887. This corporation has
been more instrumental in promoting
the interests of Decatur than any other
agency. The following well-known gen-
tlemen compose the Board of Directors
and officers: Major E C. Gordon, of
Georgia, President ; Judge H. G. Bond,
of New York State, Vice-President ; W.
T. Mulligan, Secretary, born in Decatur ;
W. W. Littlejohn, Treasurer. The Di-
rectors are : John D. Roquemore, Pres-
ident of Decatur Exchange Bank ; Jas.
F. Wooten, Vice-President Columbia
Banking Company, Columbia, Tennes-
see ; H. A. Haralson, Secretary and
Treasurer of Mathews Cotton Mills at
Selma, Alabama ; John F. Flournoy,
Vice-President of the Midland Railway
Company, Columbus, Georgia ; Breck-
enridge Jones, of St. Louis, Missouri ;
J. R. Stevens, President of the Hunts-
ville National Bank ; C. C. Harris, Pres-
ident of the First National Bank, De-
catur.

This company was the first land com-
pany organized in Decatur, and is the
largest, wealthiest, and most influential
in the State, its capital stock being
$5,000,000. The Company has several
thousand acres of the finest land, in and
around Decatur, for sale, as well as resi-
dence and business lots. The manage-
ment of the Company invites to Decatur
particularly, rolling mills, foundries,
machine shops, stove works, horse shoe
works, nut and bolt works, agricultural
implement works, furniture factories,
cotton mills, flouring mills, all kinds of
iron and woodworking industries, and,
in fine, every kind of productive indus-
try. Correspondence is solicited. Lib-
eral arrangements and terms will be

made with parties who intend locating
industries here. All those who come to
Decatur in the future will receive the
same liberal encouragement that has
been given the establishments already
located here. This Company, from its
very organization, has been an object of
special note, not only on account of its
long connection with business pursuits,
and its pre-eminence in all matters of
Ijublic enterprise connected with the
city, but also for the unflinching integ-
rity and energy always displayed by its
officers and directors.

Insurance.

THE MERCHANTS' INSURANCE
COMPANY. — The prime importance and
value of insurance is now a recognized
principle of business life, and no sagac-
ious and prudent property owner thinks
of neglecting what has grown to be, not
merely a necessity, but a duty. The
prudent man who reads this article will
at once coincide with us in this view, a
view which can only be mentioned, in a
work of this character, but not elabor-
ated.

There is not another city in the State
the size of Decatur that can boast of its
own insurance company. In the organ-
ization and establishment of the Mer-
chants' Insurance Company, April 7,
1887, Decatur took the initiative in a
step that should have been taken long
ago by older Southern cities, and which
is an example eminently worthy of imi-
tation. From time immemorial Northern
and foreign capital have monopolized in-
surance companies, and Southern peo-
ple have paid tribute to enrich the owners
of already well-filled coffers. If the im-
mense amount of money annually paid
out in the South for fire insurance could
be retained and reinvested by home cap-
italists in the development of our re-

268

North Alabama.

sources and industries, the effect on
business would be startling. The
city of Decatur is to be congratulated on
possessing her own insurance company.
The Merchants' Insurance Company is a
strong one, having a paid-up capital of
$100,000, and is under the management
of experienced and efficient underwrit-
ers. Among its stockholders are many
of the wealthiest and most reliable busi-
ness men in Decatur. Its executive is
J. \V. Nelson, President, and C. Peacher,
Secretary. These gentlemen are Ala-
bamians, and are too well and favorably
known to require commendation at our
hands. Suffice it to state that they are
men of superior ability, and well chosen
for the positions they occupy. The
Company confines its operations to Ala-
bama, and as it is a home institution it
should, in preference to others, receive
the support and patronage of the citizens.

Banking.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK. — Few

banks in the State have wielded such an
influence, or maintained so prominent
a position in the confidence and esteem
of the community in which they are
located, as the monetary institution
which is the subject of this sketch.

This is one of the oldest and strongest
banking organizations of the State, hav-
ing been for years known as the Bank of
Decatur, and in May, 1887, the officers of
the present institution succeeded to the
business and established the First Na-
tional Bank. The amount of capital is
$100,000, and the officers are C. C. Har-
ris, President; W. W. Littlejohn, Cash-
ier, and AV. B. Shackleford, Assistant
Cashier, well-known as efficient bank-
ers. A general banking business is
transacted, and the numerous patrons of
the institution include the most promi-
nent capitalists and business men of
this vicinity. The individual responsi-
bility of the Bank is §300,000 ; a semi-
annual dividend of six per cent, is paid.
The premises are eligibly located on
Bank street, and is a large and hand-
some structure, fitted up in a manner at
once attractive and convenient. Tlie
officers are men long prominent in com-
mercial circles, and to their financial in-
tegrity and executive ability may be
ascribed the success and eminent stand-
ing of the institution.

Mr. C . C. Harris is a native of [Morgan
County, Alabama, and Avas connected
with the Bank of Decatur five vears.

]Mr. W. "W. Littlejohn is a native of
Tennessee, and was also formerly con-
nected with the original Bank of Deca-
tur.^

With the efficient management of
the.se officers, the First National Bank is
an institution of which every citizen is
justly pi'oud, and in the possession of
which Decatur is to be congratulated.

Real Estate.

E. D. WHITE, Real Estate, Stock,
Note and Bond Broker. — The leading
and most enterprising real estate broker
in Decatur is the gentleman whose name
heads this article. His office sign is the
first that the prospective investor sees
after alighting from the train and going
up Lafayette street. Mr. E. D. White
succeeded the well-known firm of White,
Whips it Co. in 1887. The growth and
prosperity of Decatur is due in a great
measure to the untiring energy and en-
terprise of just such public spirited men
as Mr. White has shown himself to be.
He is thoroughly conversant with all the
details of his business, and a man of en-
larged business experience. He offers
for sale valuable mineral, timber and
agricultural lands, and makes a specialty
of city property, improved and unim-
proved, paying special attention to cheap
improved property in desirable locations.

^Ir. White is a native of Worcester, Mas-
sachusetts, was for twelve years engaged
in the stave business, and has been en-
gaged in the lumber trade South, and
has now reached what he considers the
most desirable location in the State of
Alabama for such an enterprise. He
owns a valuable farm in Michigan, was
formerly engaged in the himber business
in that State. He is a large property
holder in Decatur, and a representative
business man. holding stich responsible
positions as such men of integrity and en-
terprise attain. INIr. White is an infiuen-
tial member of the Stock Exchange and
Real Estate Association. By active and
able management he has won a large and
growing patronage, and is looked up to
as authority on all subjects in his line of
business, and deservedly enjoys the con-
fidence and esteem of all with whom he
is brought in contact. In his centrally
located office adjoining the Windsor Hotel,
fifty yards from the new Union Depot,
he" can always be found, and will be
pleased to give all the information de-
sired to those seeking investments in
realty, stocks, bonds, etc. Parties at a
distance are requested to write him for

Decatur.

269

information regarding Decatur and De-
catur properties, and we are sure they
cannot correspond witli a more respon-
sible or better informed representative of
the city's interests.

Investment Company.

CRANE & BRODIX.— The Crane &
Brodix Investment Company Avas incor-
porated in 1S87, -witli a paid-up capital
:Stock of S10,000, and was the first enter-
prise of this kind organized in Decatur.
This Company is in able and responsi-
1)1 e hands.

Mr. Burt D. Crane, the President, is a
native of Ohio, and a gentleman of ex-
tensive business experience, and has
held positions of great trust and promi-
nence.

Mr. Ed. S. Brodix holds the position
•of Secretary, and is a native of Indiana,
and is pre-eminently fitted for the re-
.sponsibilities devolving upon him in this
important enterprise.

Mr. E. H. Allison, the Vice President,
is a native of Illinois, and likewise
brings to bear line business qualitications
in making this enterprise a success.

:Mr. H. B. Scott, the Company's Treas-
urer, is one of the best known capitalists,
.and a gentleman of the highest business
caliber. He is a native of Indiana,
where he was widely known in business
-circles.

^Ir. Geo. E. Crane is the counsel for
the Company, and is a native of Ohio,
and was known in that State as a man of
ability.

A better representative body of busi-
ness men could not have gathered to-
gether, and this Company stands first in
this line of enterprise in this part of the
■ South.

The Company have just organized the
Park Land Company, the largest project
in this line since the original land com-
pany was incorporated. They are the
sole agents for this Company, and ofler
^special inducements to builders in the
Park Land property. The Company
make a specialty of mineral lands, but
-do a general real estate and stock ijrok-
erage business, while as insurance
.agents they represent some of the
largest and soundest companies in the
United States. They occupy twoottices,
one in Old, and one in New Decatur. The
principal one is on Second avenue, near
Iven's machine shops, with the street
•car line running in front. It is also three
.blocks from " The Tavern."

The members of this Company are all
men of character and ability, and to
such does Decatur owe her growth and
prosperity. They are all members of
the Stock Exchange and the Real Estate
Association. This is the only Company
in this line that has a thorough organi-
zation, chartered bv the Legislature.

Paints. Etc.

J. T. BANKS. — Among the mercantile
pursuits of this city, that of J. T. Banks,
dealer in paints, oils, glass, varnishes, etc.,
is prominent. The business was estab-
lished in ]May,lSS8. The premisesare well
located, of brick and three stories, and lo-
cated at the corner of Cane and Oak streets.
Mr. Banks constantly keeps in stock the
celebrated line of paints manufactured
by the Acme White Lead and Color
Works, Detroit, Michigan, which can-
not fail to suit the most fastidious.
Among the kinds kept are Neal's carriage
paints, Acme sash paints, interior fresco,
granite Hoor, Acme M-agon and imple-
ment paints, Neal's carriage top dressing,
as well as a general line of miscellaneous
paints, dry colors and varnishes.

Mr. Banks is a native of this State,
and is well known in the drug business,
having been connected with it thirty-tive
years. In December, 18S7, he sold out
"his business to Dr. Hughes. He is a
man of energy and good business quali-
fications, and has won a name for integrity
that is second to none.

Awnings, Etc.

BEN J. M. HOWE & CO.— No house
enjoys a better reputation for the excel-
lence of its goods than that of Benjamin
M. Howe & Co., dealers in screens of
all kinds, Venetian blinds and awnings.
The business occupies spacious premises,
well adapted to the business, on a promi-
nent thoroughfare. This firm, since es-
tablishing its business, has, by undivided
attention, built up a tlourishing trade.
The storehouse is located on Oak street,
near Church. Tliey have all the neces-
sary equipments for successfully prose-
cuting the business. The tirm is a
thoroughly reliable one, and by the pub-
lic are known to be business men well
worthy of esteem and confidence.

Mr. Howe is an intelligent and indus-
trious man, deserving of the popularity
and confidence reposed in him. He has
able assistants in his employ, and guar-
antees satisfaction in everv case.

270

North Alabama.

COAL FOSSILIFEROUS RED HEMATITE BROWN HEMATITE

Real Estate.

G. W. VANDEGRIFT & CO.— One
of the prominent and most widely-
known Hrms in Decatur is that of
G. W. Vandegrift & Co., real estate,
stock and hond brokers, and insurance
agents, located on Lafayette street.

This influential firm are the succes-
sors of Messrs. Neal, Vandegrift & Co.,
and are recognized authority on lands,
and city and country realty of every de-
scription, a specialty being made oi farm-
ing lands in the Tennessee Valley— a val-
ley celebrated as the finest agricultural
section of the South.

Messrs. Vandegrift & Co., have for
sale the finest farming lands in Madison,
Morgan and Limestone Counties, which
are considered to be the finest agricul-
tural lands in the valley, oQering the same
for hventy per cent, less than they can be
bought for in the next twelve months.
They have thousands of acres of the
richest mineral lands in this State, aggre-
gating over a million dollars' worth of
farming and mineral lands.

They buy and sell on commission all
descriptions of marketable securities,
while as insurance agents they represent
some of the largest and soundest compa-
nies in the United States.

Mr. G. W. Vandegrift is a native of
St. Clair County, Alabama, and was for
many years engaged in merchandising in
Athens, this State.

With perfect facilities and influential
connections, Messrs. Vandegrift & Co.

are doing much toward promoting the
welfare of the community.

Real Estate.

BALDRIDGE & READ.— To those-
contemplating buying property we "will
say that the well-known and responsible
firm whose name heads this article
offers great inducements and bargains.

The offices of Baldridge & Read are-
centrally located on corner Second ave-
nue and Molton street, in that handsome
structure, the Bingham Block.

They formed the present copartner-
ship in 1888, bringing to bear the highest
qualifications and influential connec-
tions. They have developed a large
trade, dealing in rich mineral, timber
and agricultural lands, desirably sit-
uated city, business and residential
property, vacant lots, suburban lands,,
etc. They also make a spe(;ialty of locat-
ing government lands. They have car-
ried through to a successful issue many
important transactions, and are among
the most popular an<l enterprising brok-
ers in Decatur. They are also engaged
in the merchandise brokerage busi-
ness, and are having a splendi<l trade,,
while as insurance agents they possess-
the widest range of experience, and rep-
resent some of the strongest companies-
in the United States, among which are
the Mutual Life Insurance Company of
New York, and the Travelers' Accident,
Insurance Company of Hartford.

Decatur.

271

Mr. \V. F. Baldridge is a member of
the Masonic Order. He is one of Deca-
tur's most respected business men, and
owns several extensive farms in this
State.

Mr. J. B. Read formerly resided in
New York, and for eight years traveled
for a business house of that city. This
firm has already a well-established and
daily increasing business, with abundant
capital to run it, and in the volume of
their business stand second to none.
They are prompt, reliable and energetic
gentlemen of high standing in social and
commercial circles.

Bottling Works.

BUCHHEIT'S BOTTLING WORKS.

— There are but few bottling works in
this country which have risen in import-
ance with so much rapidity, or which
have a wider sphere of operation than
those of Mr. G. F. Buchheit, and well
may his bottling works be known.

This gentleman is a native of South
Carolina, whence he came to Alabama
highly recommended for his business
ability. In Florence, South Carolina,
he was formerly in the bakery business,
but, in addition to this, he has been in
the bottling business for many years.
He opened his bottling works here in
September, 1887, having spared no ex-
pense to obtain everything that was
needed in a first- class establishment.
At his works he has one of the best
wells in North Alabama— blasted through
solid rock to the depth of 140 feet, thus
giving him the very purest water that
can be had for his soda and mineral
waters. All the fountains, as well as the
bottled soda water that is used in the
city, are from these works. A large quan-
tity is shipped to the neighboring towns

In his manufacturing of soda and min-
eral waters nothing of a deleterious char-
acter is used, the proprietor being per-
fectly willing to allow any chemical test
that can be applied.

The premises are well supplied with
all modern conveniences for the work.
The workmen employed thoroughly
understand their business, and are polite
and accommodating

Mr. Buchheit's beer is from the two
best-known breweries in the world,
namely, the Anheu.ser-Busch Brewing
Company, St. Louis, and the Gerke
Brewing Company, Cincinnati. He is
agent for both houses. The Anheuser-
Busch beer is known for its excellence
far and near, while the Gerke beer is

another well-known beer, and is also
highly celebrated. Few breweries are
better known than these.

To deliver his goods, he has wagons
from each brewery, which are a credit
to the breweries, as well as his bottling
works. He uses fast horses, so that his beer,
soda and mineral waters can be delivered
cool and fresh from his well-arranged ice
house. His bottling works are now do-
ing the largest business of the kind in
North Alabama and Decatur.

Sewing Macliines, Pianos and Organs,

J. F. CARPENTER.— When we re-
flect what pleasure is derived from music
and how incomplete a home is without a
piano or organ, the importance of the
business of the dealer in musical instru-
ments becomes apparent.

Mr. J. F. Carpenter, a native of Ken-
tuck}% started business here May, 1888^
at the corner of Oak and Cane streets,
being the agent in this cit}^ of Jesse
French, of 161 LTnion street, Nashville,
Tennessee. He has for sale the finest
line of Hardmann, Chickering, Steinway,.
Star, New England and other leading
pianos ; also Story & Clark, Jesse Fi'ench
and other first-class organs. He is also-
agent for the celebrated Singer Sewing
Machine. His store is a handsome brick,
building, three stories. Mr. Carpenter
pays close attention to business, and has
a pleasant manner, which cannot fail to
increase the trade in this section.

Hotel.

HOTEL BISMARCK.— This well-con-
ducted hotel has been in successful oper-
ation seven years, and its reputation as a
model house has extended far and near.
It is admirably located for ihe con-
venience of the traveling public, being
in the very center of the city, directly
opposite the Louisville & Nashville and
the Memphis & Charleston depots, and
only one block from the postoffice, street-
car line and First Nationol Bank. The
rooms (seventy-live in number) are large,,
airy and handsomely furnished, and all
the appointments of the hotel are first-
class in every particular. The dining-
room has a seating capacity of 200 ; the
tables are bountifully supplied with
every delicacy and substantial the market
aflbrds, and the manner of service is all
that epicurean taste could desire. The
hotel is supplied with all modern con-
veniences, and the attendantsare prompt,,
reliable and obliging.

.■272

North Alabama.

Mr. C. H. Albes is the owner and pro-
prietor. He is a native of Germany, but
has been a resident of America many
years. He has had fifteen years experi-
ence as landlord, and is widely known as
a courteous, genial and obliging gentle-
man, and the universal testimony of
those who have shared his hospitality is
alike creditable to himself and to his es-
tablishment. The patronage of the house
requires additional accomnuxlations, and
Mr. Albes contemplates adding fifty
more rooms in the neai- future.

Lumber Company.

SOUTHERN LUMBER COMPANY.

— Among the recent enterprises estab-
lished in this line of industry is that of
the Southern Lumber Company, which
-opened business in August, 1887.

The plant of the Company covers four
^cres. This Company are manufacturers
and dealers on an extensive scale in
builders' material, " long leaf yellow
pine," sash, doors, blinds, builders' hard-
ware, lime, cement, paint, etc. Their
mills are on the Louisville & Nashville
Road, and they turn out one hundred
thousand feet daily of long leaf yellow
pine. An immense stock of the finest
lumber is carried, amounting to between
two and three millions of feet. The
trade is large and rapidly increasing, ex-
tending to the Northern and Eastern
States, as well as in and around Decatur.

Mr. J. B. Allen, President, and Mr. R.
L. Allen, Seci'etary, are natives of Geor-
gia, in which State they received their
education. They are thorough-going
business men, full of practical knowl-
•edge and enterprise, the Company over
which they preside being widely known
.as a reliable one, and which can always
be depended upon to give satisfaction in
.all business transactions.

Real Estate.

BIBB, BOND & CO.— The past twelve
months has witnessed a remarkable
growth and "development so far as Deca-
tur is concerned, and within that period
many new firms have been established
here — the outgrowth of pressing busi-
ness demands.

Among them, and one of the most in-
fluential, is that of Bibb, Bond & Co.
They were established January 1-i, 1888,
and have a handsomely appointed office
in the Bond Block, New^Decatur. The
firm are real estate, stock, bond and in-
surance brokers, and in these several

lines of business have built up a large
and rapidly-increasing patronage.

In real estate they have a long list of
properties, both residence and Inisiness
sites, and are prepared to ofier the same
at lowest prices, and on desirable terms.
In addition they have large tracts of ag-
ricultural, mineral and timber lands, lo-
cated in various sections of North Ala-
bama.

The firm also handles stocks, bonds
and securities of the various companies
and corporations of the State, and re-
ceive daily market reports of .same.

The insurance companies represented
by Messrs. Bibb, Bond & Co., are of long-
established reputation, and are among
the foremost companies in the country.
The three departments are kept distinct,
and aie operated under a fine business
system.

The members of the" firm are young
men, full of enterprise and energy.

Mr. W. A. Bibb is from Sehna, this
State, and is a gentleman of superior
business qualifications.

Mr. L. W. Bond is a native of New
York City, and is a son of Judge H. G.
Bond, the General Manager of tlie Deca-
tur Land, Iron & Furnace Company. He
is a young man, active, intelligent and
untiring, and has, in his short residence
here, made an enviable record.

Mr. A. C. Hartshorne came from
Freehold, New Jersey, and has shown
himself a man of business capacity of no
mean order.

Thus constituted the firm is a strong
one, and enjoy the confidence of all
who know them.

They solicit correspondence, and refer
to the following banks : Fourth National
Bank and S. M. Simson & Sons, both of
New York City, and the First National
Bank, this city.

Hardware.

THE STEINER HARDWARE COM-
PANY. — One among the largest and
most important mercantile esta))lish-
ments in this city is that of the Steiner
Hardware Company.

The business was established in Octo-
ber, 1887, and since then has gained a
large share of the trade in North Ala-
bama.

The main storeroom is located on Bank
street, Lyon's Block. Besides this the
Company has two commodious ware-
houses for surplus stock. The stock of
hardware, stoves, tinware, mill supplies
and steam fittings, is both large and

Decatur.

273

varied, embracing everything in these
special lines.

Possessing ample capital and buying
from tirst hands strictly for cash, this
house is prepared to duplicate the lowest
prices of metropolitan houses, and can
offer to both the retail and wholesale
trade great inducements.

jMr. Joseph Steiner, the senior mem-
ber of the hrm, is a German, and a man
of remarkable business ability. His
three sons, ^Manning, T. and K., are inter-
ested in the business, and reside in
Greenville, Alabama.

The business is under the management
of Mr. W. T. Brown, a native of Nash-
ville. Mr. Brown resided for a time
in Louisville, Kentucky, and is an ex-
perienced hardware man, having been
in the business twenty years. He
traveled for a wholesale hardware
firm in Louisville, Kentucky, for many
years, and is a thorough master of the
details of the business. He is a man of
superior ability, and it is mainly due to
his efforts that the business here has
prospered so.

Mr. Brown is prompt, reliable and
wideawake, one who enjoys the confi-
dence of all who know him, and de-
serves the success he has achieved.

Civil Engineers.

HOWLAND & CO.— The establish-
ment of the well-known .civil engineer-
ing firm of Howland & Co. was an event
to Decatur.

It was established in October, 1887, the
office being conveniently located in the
Bond Block, next to the Exchange Bank.
The headquarters of this firm are at No.
71 Equitable Building, Boston, Massa-
chusetts.

Specialties of this firm are waterworks
and sewerage, it now^ having the contract
in hand for building the waterworks at
Decatur.

Messrs. A. H. Howland and George A.
Ellis compose the firm. They are na-
tives of Massachusetts.

Mr. Howland put in the waterworks
at Montgomery, and Mr. Ellis the Eu-
faula system.

The have built a number of systems in
the North and East.

Mr. Howland belongs to the M. Am.
Soc. C. E., Engr's Club of Phila., and the
Conn. Soc. C. E. and S.

Mr. Ellis is a member of the Boston S.
of C. E., Am. W. W. Asso., and N. E.
W. W. Asso.

As civil engineers they are well pre-
pared to meet the wants of the public in
every way, and with their staff of assist-
ants being ready to promptly execute
and make surveys, and superintend
construction work of all kinds. They
are universally respected and esteemed,,
the firm, under their wise and conserva-
tive guidance, ranking among the most
prosperous in this portion of the coun-
try.

Fancy Groceries.

H. HENLEY & CO.— A leading and
representative business house of this,
city, in its line,, is that of H. Henley &
Co., staple and fancy grocers of Market
street, established in 1888. From its in-
ception it has had a substantial and pros-
perous growth. The premises occupied
consist of fine storerooms, admirably
arranged and equipped w'ith every fa-
cility of use in disijlaying a large and
carefully selected assortment of fancy
and staple groceries, pure wines, liquors,
cigars, tobacco, etc. A prominent fea-
ture of the enterprise is their trade in
country produce, which can always be
relied on in every particular. Their
house is excellently located, being near
the Decatur Bridge Company's plant, and
opposite the Decatur Charcoal Chemical
Works, and the Decatur Land Com-
pany's Iron Furnace.

M'r. H. Henley, the head of the house,
is a native of Brownsville, Tennessee,
where for a number of years he was
actively engaged in the dry goods busi-
ness, and held the respect and esteem of
all with whom he came in contact. The
facilities of this firm for transacting busi-
ness are of an unusually complete char-
acter, enabling them to offer special ad-
vantages to customers. By their thor-
ough business methods and strict atten-
tion to business, they have won a large
patronage, which is but a reflex of their
capable and energetic management.

Furniture, Etc.

UNION FURNITURE, DOOR, SASH
AND BLIND MANUFACTURING
COMPANY.— This corporation started
April 2, 1888, and during its exist-
ence has achieved a merited prom-
inence. The Company has been
a leader in the manufacturing boom,
which, of late, has W'rought such
changes and made Decatur the compeer
of any of the younger cities. This Com-
pany can boast of a large trade through- .

274

North Alabama.

out this State. Everything in the way of
woodwork is manufactured, inchiding
doors, sash, hhuds, etc. In fact, the
Company manufactures everything from
wood whicli goes to make up a house.
The factory is located at the corner of
Sycamore and Water streets, being a
building two stories high. The finest
machinery of the most improved order is
used, and a number of skilled workmen
are employed. The officers of this con-
cern are Messrs. Jas. Grant, President ;
Wm. Ramage, Secretary and Treasurer,
and W. H. Carr, General Manager.

Mr. Grant is from South Carolina, Mr.
Ramage from Holyoke, Massachusetts,
and Mr. Carr from Springfield, Massa-
chusetts. Their work has been too long
before the public to require recommen-
dation. Sulfiee it to say that it is su-
perior to the manufactured goods sold in
this section of the country. Their trade
in woodwork is one of the heaviest in
the State, and is generally regarded as
standard.

Architect and Builder.

J. M. INNIS— To be a good architect
and builder requires years of study, a
natural talent, a practical education in
active service, and a thorough mechan-
ical training. Such is possessed by Mr.
J. M. Innis, many evidences of whose
skill are to be seen in the city and neigh-
borhood. He has been business on La-
fayette streetsince November, 1887, being
successor to Innis & Walker. Mr. Innis
is a practical architect and builder, and
makes a specialty of designing and erect-
ing both public and private dwellings.
He invariably superintends the erection
of all buildings which he designs. He
is an expert in his profession, and since
his residence here has met with signal
success, and holds a front rank among
architects and builders.

Dry Goods, Etc.

S. MARX. — Among the well known
dry goods, clothing, boot and shoe
houses, we mention that of S. Marx, es-
tablished in September, 1887. The store
is located on the corner of Canal and
Market streets.

Mr. Marx is a native of Louisiana. He
has done a good' business. There is
nothing in the w^ay of dry goods, cloth-
ing, boots and shoes which he does not
sell, and at reasonable prices. He is an
agreeable gentleman, possessed of busi-
ness qualifications, and has a large circle
of friends among the business fraternity.

Real Estate, Insurance, Etc.

NORRIS, PARKS & PICKENS.— An
important branch of commercial activity
is that of Norris, Parks & Pickens, real
estate, fire insurance, stock and bond
brokers. The business was founded by
Messrs. Norris A: Parks, and in 1888 the
present firm succeeded. The gentlemen
composing the firm are recognized au-
thorities on lauds and city and country
realty of every description. Thej' have
an intimate personal knowledge of the
mineral belt of the State, and offer for
sale at low prices choice selections of
mineral and timber lands. They attend
to the negotiation of loans on bond and
mortgage, the collection of rents and gen-
eral care of property, and are prepared
to buy and sell on commission all de-
scriptions of marketable securities,
while as fire insurance agents they rep-
resent some of the largest and soundest
companies in the United States. The
individual members of the firm are W.
J. Norris, G. H. Parks and S. M. Pickens.
Customers can rest assured of having
their best interests sedulously cared for,
and of receiving substantial advantages
not readily obtained elsewhere.

Mr. Norris formerly resided in Flor-
ence, South Carolina, and was Mayor of
that place for four terms. Mr. Pickens
formerly resided at Kingstree, South
Carolina, and was Deputy Clerk of the
Court of Williamsburgh County for three
years, after which he went to Anderson,
South Carolina, and practiced law.

Real Estate, Stocks, Etc.

J. MONROE NELSON & SON, Real
Estate, Stock and Bond Brokers. — This
influential real estate firm was estab-
lished in 1873, and having ample re-
sources, practical experience and influ-
ential connections, we can specially com-
mend this firm to prospective investors.
Their office is located near the Union
Depot. The firm is composed of J. M.
and Geo. A. Nelson, wdio are respectivelj'-
natives of North Carolina and Indiana,
and who were formerly engaged in the
real estate business in Minneapolis,
where they had an extensive business.
This'firm owns $500,000 worth of property
in and around Decatur, and also one
hundred and fifty acres in the suburb
known as " Moulton Heights," through
which the Belt Railroad will soon run.
This is considered the most desirable
residence property in the suburbs, and
is only one and one-half miles from the
center of the city. Special inducements

Decatur.

275

are offered to those wishing to improve
their lots. They also own three hun-
■dred and sixty-five acres located one and
one-fourth miles south of the Louisville
-& Nashville shops, through which the
Louisville & Nashville Railroad runs,
which is desirable land in every partic-
ular. At the Nelson land ofhce there
■can be found advertised for sale 500,000
acres of railroad lands, also 300,000 acres
of improved farming lands, and planta-
tion valley farms of any size and on
terms to suit, adapted to wheat, corn,
oats, rye, cotton, tobacco, fruits, etc.,
mineral, timber and grazing lands in
large and small tracts, also all kinds of
•city property, houses, vacant lots, for
residence or business purposes.

Mr. George A. Nelson, the junior mem-
ber of the firm, is a lawyer by profession,
with abdities of high order. He is Vice
President, also Director of the Mineral
Land Company, and both gentlemen
have taken an active part in the growth
and development of Decatur.

Furniture, Etc.

SESSIONS & ESTES.— The city of De-
catur is not behind her sister cities in
the extent and magnitude of its furni-
ture houses, and the enterprise which
characterizes her representative firms in
this branch of business cannot be sur-
passed. The well-known and reliable
house of Sessions & Estes was estab-
lished the 10th of March, 1888. A large
business throughout the citj^ is carried
on, which is constantly increasing. The
finest line of furniture, stoves, and house
furnishings is constantly on hand and
sold on easy payments at their establish-
ment on Pond street.

Mr. J. L. M. Estes was born in Georgia
and Mr. C. B. Sessions in South Caro-
lina. They are agreeable and affable
gentlemen, well and favorably known.
Their success has been due to their
energy and enterprise, while their house
is one of the leading representatives in
their line of trade.

Real Estate, Stocks and Bonds.

D. WALDEN & CO.— This firm is one
of the best known and most reputable
land agencies to be found in the city of
Decatur. Mr. D. Walden was established
in business April, 1865. The offices of
the firm are centrally located in the
Windsor Hotel, on Lafayette street, and
on the street car line in Laughlin &
Feehan Block, Second avenue. Real
estate, stocks and bonds are bought and

sold, a specialty being made of collec-
tions. They have on their books all
kinds of real estate and city laroperty.

Mr. Walden is a native of Alabama,
his partner, Mr. Look, being a native of
Illinois. Their offices are in the heart of
of the business portion of the citv and
alford every facility for the i)rompt
transaction of all business relating to
real estate matters. They take care of
and manage properties and the collection
of rents and accounts of all kinds, which
composes a goodly share of their pros-
perous business.

Mr. Walden farms on an extensive
scale three miles and a half from
Decatur, and controls and sells more
farming lands than any firm in the real
estate business in Decatur. His fatlier,
it should be mentioned, was located in
Decatur in 1818, and represented Morgan
County for four years in the State Legis-
lature and was Mayor of Decatur for
several years prior to and since the war.

This firm enjoys a high I'eputation as a
real estate, stock and bond agency, being
one of the representative firms in the
city.

Cigars, Stationery, Etc.

R. H. TATE.— The establishment of
Mr. R. H. Tate, on Lafayette street, is
of but recent origin, having been first
opened to the public January, 1888.
Though a new enterprise, its beginning
has been auspicious and the patronage
steadily increasing, and already ranks
well among the houses in the same line
in the city. Modern conveniences and
facilities are embraced in the equipment
of the establishment. A complete and
varied assortment of stationery is carried,
together with all the principal daily
newspai^ers. This is the only house in
the city that has on hand the daily and
weekly New York papers. Puck, Judge,
and all the leading magazines. In addi-
tion to this complete stock, Mr. Tate
also carries a choice line of the finest
brands of cigars, tobacco, cigarettes, etc.
He has the State agency for Tritol's cele-
brated Key West cigars, manufactured
at Factory No. 29, district of Florfda.
He makes a specialty of handling all
grades of imported cigars, tobacco and
smokers' articles.

Mr. Tate is a native of North Carolina,
is favorably known as a gentleman of
high character and excellent business
qualifications, and justly merits the suc-
cess of a large and steadily increasing
business.

276

NoHTu Alabama.

Cornice and Roofing.

DECATUR CORNICE & ROOFING
COMPANY. — A distinguishing charac-
teristic of the American people is the
spirit of universal enterprise that prevails
in almost every location and individual.
In no other line of business has there
been engaged more talent than in that of
the above. The Decatur Cornice and
Roofing Company was established Jan-
uary, 1888, and is located at the corner
of Sixth avenue and Johnson street.
The individual members of the firm are
Messrs. L. W. Borton, J. W. Yates and
L. H. Borton, natives of Indiana. They
manufacture galvanized iron cornices
and deal in slate and metal rooting.
The trade reaches throughout Alabama
and Tennessee. Employment is given
to several hands regularly, who are ex-
perts in their special departments. This
firm has been one of the most successful
in this portion of the country. It does
but add another example to that array of
business enterprise whose success h §
been obtained by close attention to the
wants of customers and a thorough un-
derstanding of the trade, acquired only
by study and hard work.

Contractors.

TRAN8UE & GOODWIN.— In look-
ing to the future of a city, the favorable
location for building sites and the cost
and character of building materials are
matters of importance. In res))ect to
the latter, Decatur is favored in possess-
ing the reliable firm of Transue ct Good-

win, whose otiices may be found in Roont
12, Bond Block.

t\Ir. J. I. Transue was born in Pennsyl-
vania. He is a Mason and an Odd Fel-
low. Mr. F. Goodwin was born in Illi-
nois, and lived for five years in Dakota.
They are contractors on a large scale, and
have built many of the principal stores
and residences in the city and vicinity,,
and undertake any class of contracts iu
this line. They are in a large measure
pioneers in this section in introducing-
new and improved methods of working.
This firm has not only enjoyed an un-
sullied reputation, but it has materially
helped the general interests and stand-
ing of the trade. They have managed
their busine.ss on principles so broad^
liberal and straightforward as to have
secured for themselves a consideration
as well merited as it is rarely acquired.-

Carriages and Buggies.

G. W. STANTON.— Tliis successful
and popular business dates its inception
from 1887. The trade has greath' increased
since that time, extending throughout
the city and surrounding country.
Prospects are as good as possible, Mr. G.
W. Stanton having the greatest number
of orders on hand. Carriages and bug-
gies and all kinds of vehicles are manu-
factured from the best material, all hard
woods being obtained from the North.
A large force of men is engaged in the
business. ^Mr. Stanton is also manager
of the Decatur Carriage Company. A
first-class stock of harness, saddleS;.

Decatur.

277

bridles, etc., is kept. He has been as
, successful in the buiklino; of boats as in
the carriage business, having built a
fleet of pleasure boats to ply on the river
during the summer.

He is a native of New York State, and
has been in the carriage business twentj'
years, being tlioroughly conversant with
ail the details for conducting the same.

Lumber.

THE DECATUR LUMBER COM-
PANY. — Among the industrial pursuits
and leading enterprises of this growing
and prosperous city is the business of
the Decatur Lumber Companj', estab-
lished April, 1887. The company manu-
factures all kinds of rough and dressed
lumber, also sash, doors, blinds, flooring,
molding, laths, pickets, weatherboard-
ing, and all kinds of building material.
Onlj' the finest kiln-dried lumber is
used, the Excelsior and Chicago lumber
dryer being used, this having been pat-
ented in 1880, and being the last patent.
The capacity is 20,000 feet per day. The
Company's plant covers upward of five
acres, tlie mill being located on the south
side of the river, inside the corporate
limits of the city. The officers of the
corporation are : President, W. H.
Mead ; Vice President, F. C. Tavlor ; E.
E. Garrett, Secretary; H. A. Mithoff,
Treasurer, and N. K. Mead, General Man-
ager.

Mr. ]\Iead, the president, is a native of
Ohio, and is a veteran in the lumber
business, having been in it for years.

Mr. Tavlor is a native of Pennsvlvania,
Messrs. N. K. Mead, Garrett and Mit-
hoff being natives of Ohio.

The decided reputation the above gen-
tlemen have made for themselves as busi-
ness men, give them a i:)rominent posi-
tion as representing one of the leading
manufacturing establishments.

Railroad Contractors.

CRASS, HEAD & MONTGOMERY.—

Pew of our business houses have so
many claims to public notice and favor
;as the one whose name stands at the
iiead of this article. The firm estab-
lished business in 1886, and their success
renders them deserving of the highest
commendation in the pages of a work
•devoted to an impartial presentation of
the advantage of Decatur from a com-
anercial point of view. They are exten-
••sive railroad contractors, having recently
.l)een engaged in constructing the Bir-

mingham & Sheffield road. They made
the excavation for the Casa Grande
Hotel, and also for the Urbana Car
Works, keeping constantly employed 100
teams and 140 men. Their establish-
ment is located on Market street, inal)rick
structure, affording accommodations and
facilities of a superior character for the
transaction of business. The stock of
supplies carried is complete, including
the best brands of flour, etc., the feed
department being also complete. The
members of the firm are Messrs. J. T.
Crass, J. R. Head and J. D. ISIontgomery.
Mr. Crass is a native of Kentucky, but
has long resided in Dyersburg, Tennes-
see. Messrs. Head and Montgomery are
natives of Brownsville, Tennessee. " Mr.
Head was representative of Haywood
and Tipton Counties in 1887, and is
an extensive stock trader, while Mr.
Montgomery is one of the leading rail-
road men of the South. All transactions
with this firm are marked with a careful
regard for the interests of its patrons
and the maintenance of its high stand-
ing and integrity.

Pharmacist.

W. F. BULLOCK.— No member of the
pharmaceutical profession in this city is
more widely known or esteemed by its
residents than W. T. Bullock, whose
place of business is eligibly located on
Bank street. Mr. Bullock established
here in 1887 and has built up a perma-
nent trade. He occupies attractively ap-
pointed quarters on the above-named
street, ])ut the daily increasing business
necessitates more commodious apart-
ments, and in a short while he will open
another store. This building is a hand-
some brick structure and is located on
Bank street also. The drug store and
prescrii)tion department are equipped
with every facility for carrying on the
business, while the stock em])races a
varied and complete assortment of pure
and fresh drugs, reputable proprietary
medicines, etc.

Mr. C. H. Harris is employed in the
prescription department, and the utmost
care and attention is given to the com-
pounding of physicians' prescriptions.
Possessing as Mr. Bullock does the high-
est qualifications as a pharmacist, with
educated and experienced assistants, he
has the unlimited confidence of the en-
tire community. Prompt, reliable and
enterprising, he is deserving of success,
and is fully competent to maintain the
high reputation he has made.

278

North Alabama.

Livery and Transfer Stable.

THE DECATUR LIVERY AND
TRANSFER COMPANY is the repre-
sentative establishment of the kind in
the city. Tlie business was established
by Harper &. Kemble, who were suc-
ceeded in 1888 by the above corporation.
The otiicersare : President, F. G. Buford,
and Vice President, W. W. Littlejohn ;
the INIanagers, Ed. Buford and G. B. Sim-
mons. They have shown admirable
management in and adaptation to the
business, and are enjoying a most flour-
ishing patronage. The stable building
is a commodious structure, and is cen-
trally located on Bank street. The stalls
are all neat, clean and comfortable. The
Company boards about thirty-five horses
and keeps on hand for livery purposes
thirty horses, together with a number of
carriages, buggies, etc., everything about
the establishment being kept in the most
perfect order.

Mr. Buford is a native of Tennessee.
He gives his individual attention to the
livery department, while Mr. Simmons
attends to the transfer department.

Mr. Simmons is also a native of Ten-
nessee, and was formerly a well-known
real estate agent of this city. Both gen-
tlemen are experienced and energetic
business men of acknowledged ability.

Under such control this enterprise has
become the leading establishment of the
kind in the city.

Commission Merchant.

J. B. STUART.— Chief of the lines of
trade making up the business interests
of every city is that of the grocer and
hardware merchant, and as a conse-
quence much of the best talent of ever}'
community is engaged in furnishing the
people with groceries, hardware, dry
goods, notions, furnishing goods, etc,

Mr. J. B. Stuart, the subject of this
sketch, is the oldest-established merchant
in Decatur, his business dating from
1866. He is a native of Somerville,
Morgan County, Alabama, and is a Free
Mason.

His store is located on the corner of
Bank and Market streets. He is a com-
mission merchant and does an extensive
wholesale and retail trade in flour, nails,
groceries, hardware, dry goods, clothing,
boots, shoes, ladies' and gents' furnish-
ing goods.

Mr. Stuart was a clerk in this city for
four years as far back as 1842 to 1847.
In 1858 he went to Nashville, remaining
there till December, 1860. In 1862 he

entered the war, being made a prisoner
at Fort Donelson with 1,300 others, and
in 1805 returned to his native place,.
Somerville, Alabama. He is thoroughly
posted in the knowledge of his busines's-
and of the requirements of tlie trade.
He is well known by every one in the
city ; is genial, and consequently popu-
lar, and is thoroughly worthy of leading
one of the most decidedly representative
bHsiness houses in the city.

Groceries.

NIXON BROS.— A leading concern of
its kind in Decatur is that of Messrs..
Nixon Bros., dealers in fancy and staple
groceries, canned goods, etc. The busi-
ness was established in 1887, and subse-
quent to that time has enjoyed a re-
markably prosperous career, having se-
cured a liberal and iiifiuential trade^
The premises occupied are centrally
located on Pond street, and consist of a
handsome one-story iron structure. The
firm deals largely in choice family grocer-
ies, both staple and fancy, including flour,,
coffees, teas, sugars, etc., making a .spec-
ialty of canned goods, the quality and
price of which are not beaten by any
contemporary house in the same line of
trade.

The individual members of the firm
are Messrs. A. C. and W. J. Nixon, both
of whom are natives of Michigan. They
are prominent members of mercantile
and social circles, and well deserve the
success and liberal patronage which they
enjoy.

We take pleasure in thus presenting
to our readers a short sketch of one of
the leading business houses in the city.

Lumber.

KLEIBACKER LUMBER COMPA-
NY. — The extensive forests of Alabama
have for centuries remained untouched^
and are still in their virgin state.
Of late years, however, large business,
concerns, backed by ample capital and
enterprise, have been organized to de-
velop the.?e hidden resources, and among-
them the Kleibacker Lumber Company
commands eminent notice. Established
February, 1888, the owners, John J.
Kleibacker and B. Crawford repre-
sent heavy capital, their names being-
sufficient guarantee of the standing
and reliability of the Company. They
manufacture and deal in lumber, laths,
shingles, sash, doors, and blinds. They
carry the finest line of woods, and those

Decatur.

279

desiring something superior and novel
will do well to call here.

Mr. Kleibacker was born in Cincin-
nati, where he resides and owns a store,
which he conducts.

Mr Crawford was born in Missouri,
where for several years he was in the
lumber business. Previous to his pres-
ent enterprise he was in the real estate
business in this city. He is an Odd Fel-
low.

The saw mills of the Company are at
Hanceville, Alabama. They own five
mills in all. They have a large and
steadily increasing custom, and solicit
orders for all kinds of lumber, laths,
shingles, etc., being confident that in
prices they can compete with any mills,
while in most cases they can give a
superior article.

Stoves.

W. A. BROWN.— One of the oldest
established houses devoted to this
branch of industr}^ is conducted by W.
A. Brown. He has been established
twelve years, and has, by close attention,
built up a fine trade, and one which
is constantly increasing. He is located
on Bank street and has a separate shop
for tin work, roofing and job work.

Mr. Brown is an extensive dealer in
cooking and heating stoves, and does
roofing, guttering, and all kinds of job
work at low prices. He manufactures
tin, sheet iron and copperware, and has
the best appliances for the execution of
his work, and is a skilled workman of
long experience, as well as a straightfox'-
ward business man. He is esteemed in
the business portion of the community
as a representative business man.

Watchmabers.

J. S. SUGARS & CO.— A representa-
tive mercantile house of this city is that
of J. S. Sugars & Co., watchmakers and
manufacturing jewelers, Bank street.

The house was established January 1,
1888, as successors to Levy, Sugars & Son,

The head of the firm, Mr. J. S. Sugars,
is a native of Alabama, and has been ex-
tensively and successfully engaged in
this line of business for twenty-five
years.

They are eligibly located for businese
purposes. The storeroom is convenient
and beautiful in its appointments, a large
comprehensive stock is carried, consist-
ing of diamonds, watches, clocks, jew-
elry and silverware.

The members of the firm are expe-
rienced opticians, and carry a large line
of goods in this department. A complete
assortment of jewelry of all descriptions
can always be obtained here at reasona-
ble prices, such as gents' solid gold chains,
ladies' vest and children's neck chains,
gold and plated bracelets, rings, pins,
charms, etc., and a large line of precious
stones.

The members of the firm are experts
in the watchmaking profession, and their
work is executed in the finest style. Po-
lite and courteous attention awaits cus-
tomers at this attractive store, and the
fullest confidence in the proprietors and
their able assistants is fully justified.

Insurance.

WILSON, WYATT & CO.— The his-
tory of business life on the American
continent has always proven the motto
that " a man makes his business," and it
is on the enterprise, vim, intelligence and
close attention to biasiness that depends
success. The career of the firm — Wil-
son, Wyatt & Co. — located in the Ex-
change Bank, established January 1,
1888, adds another example to prove our
statement.

This firm represents some of the best-
known insurance companies in the
world, namely : The German American
Insurance Companv, the Royal of New
York, assets, $5,000,000; the Roval, of
England, assets, $3,000,000, and the Hart-
ford, Connecticut, 15,500,000 assets.

The members of the firm are Messrs.
W. A. Wilson, of Kentucky; L. B.
Wyatt, of Kentucky, and J. O. Miller,
of Indiana.

The, senior member, Mr. Wilson, is an
attorney-at-law in this city. He is a
member of the Knights of Pythias.

These gentlemen are thoroughly im-
bued with the great benefits to be de-
rived from the well-known insurance
companies they represent, knowing that
they represent some of the most relia-
ble and best-managed companies that
the world has seen.

The record of these companies is the
pride of the insurance world, and they
are prepared to take desirable risks for
any amount.

Restaurant.

THE KENTUCKY RESTAURANT.
— One of the foremost restaurants and
dining saloons is that known as "The
Kentucky Restaurant," established April
24, 1881.

280

North Alabama.

The house occupies one of the most
central locations on Bank street, and is
cooler than most places of the same kind
in the city, owing to its being well
shaded. The lower floor of the house is
arranged for dining, the large hall seat-
ing fifty people at a time.

The quality of the bills of fare of this
house is popularly acknowledged by its
most extensive patronage. The upper
floors are arranged for sleeping apart-
ments, six in number. The desirable
and central location makes " The Ken-
tucky " a favorite resort. Ice cream, it
should be added, is sold throughout the
summer months, wholesale and retail.

Drake & Co. are the proprietors, the
individual members of the firm being
Messrs. Howard Drake and H. A. Led-
better, who are successors to, Messrs.
Norris & Ledbetter.

Mr. Drake is a native of New Jersey,
and Mr. Ledbetter of Georgia.

They have an enviable reputation as
generous landlords and good business
men.

Saddles and Harness.

THOMAS BEGGS, Bank Street.— Mr.
Beggs started his business in February,
1887, and since that time has had a grow-
ing and remunerative trade in saddlery
and harness. He makes a specialty of
fine saddles, harness of every kind, and
repairing, which is done thoroughly and
promptly. He was born in Mississippi.
Mr. Beggs is thoroughly conversant with
the details of his business. He resided
eighteen years in Ireland, where he re-
ceived his education and was appren-
ticed. He has, too, visited England on
two occasions. He was in the Mexican
war for twenty-two months, being se-
verely wounded on one occasion, and
was in the civil war for four years and
three months. He has earned the res-
pect and esteem of his fellow citizens by
exemplary conduct in all affairs of busi-
ness.

Restaurant.

MICHIGAN RESTAURANT.— Indis-
pensable in all communities is a well
regulated restaurant, to conduct which
requires practical experience and sound
business tact. Mr. A. C. Grayson is the
popular proprietor of the representative
restaurant in this citj', which is known
as the " Michigan Restaurant." He
founded his present enterprise May 6,
1888, being the successor to Messrs.

Sears & McGuire. The premises occu-
pied are eligibly located opposite the
Tavern, on Moulton street, and consist
of a structure fully equipped with every
convenience. Excellent board is fur-
nished either with or without lodging.
The accommodations are first-class in
every particular, and charges reasonable.
Mr. Grayson was born in Madison
County, Alabama. He is a Mason and
Knight of Pythias. He keeps a fine line
of family groceries. He has spent most
of his life in Mississippi and North Ala-
bama. He possesses the confidence and
esteem of the entire community. We
take pleasure in according him a prom-
inent place in this review.

Architects and Builders.

I. M. WEST & SON, Lafayette street.
— Among the most prominent archi-
tects and builders of Decatur may be
mentioned the representative firm of
Messrs. I. M. West & Son, who com-
menced the active practice of their pro-
fession in this city ApriMst, 1887. They
are widely known as practical architects
of unusual talent and originality, and
have built up a fiourishing business.
They have prepared plans and superin-
tended the erection of many buildings in
the city and vicinity, and likewise many
splendid dwellings. Messrs. West &
Son are natives of Michigan, and have
resided for many years in California.
They are fully prepared with all the nec-
essary facilities to execute or carry out
any architectural undertaking, not only
promptly, but with that intelligent ap-
prehension of design which makes their
efforts so highly appreciated. These
gentlemen are held in the highest esti-
mation by the community for their un-
swerving honor and integrity, and have
achieved a prominence in the profession
accorded only to those whose transac-
tions are based on the strictest princi-
ples of professional probity.

General Merchandise.

E. K. YOUNG, Bank street.— This
house was founded in 1882 by the
present proprietor, and from its incep-
tion the business has been characterized
bv an increasing prosperity. The spa-
cious premises are two stories in height,
and the appointments embrace all the
modern adjuncts of convenience and at-
tractiveness. An immense stock of
goods is carried, embracing a full and^
complete assortment of books, stationerv

Decatur.

281

toys, fancy goods, wall paper, pictures,
moldings, cutlery, all the leading daily
papers, etc. The stock also includes a
full line of sewing machines, including
Wheeler & AVilson, Domestic, American,
etc., besides a varied assortment of mu-
sical instruments. Mr. Young's trade is
of an extensive and liberal character, and
every worthy eflbrt is made to supply
all classes of customers with the most
satisfactory goods at the lowest figures.
He is a native of Morgan County, Ala-
bama. His large business has been de-
veloped solely on the basis of merit.
Decatur may well feel proud of him and
his representative establishment.

Photographer.

C. F. VOGHT.— In probably no branch
of the arts have more improvements
been made during recent years than in
that of photography, and the avidity
with which these inventions have been
utilized by the profession is convincing
proof of the spirit of enterprise which
has always been a distinguishing feature
of those engaged in this business. This
enterprise was established in 1886 by
Mr. C. F. Voght, who has been identified
with the business for many years, and
has a thoroughly practical experience.
The premises occupied are centrally lo-
cated on Church street, in a two-story
frame structure. Photography in all its
branches is executed, from locket to life-
size, from original jiictures or from life,
in oil, water-colors, pastel, crayon, etc.,
in the highest style of art, at very low
prices, and satisfaction is guaranteed in
all cases. All negatives are pi'eserved,
and additional pictures are furnished at
reduced rates. A specialty is made of
taking landscape views.

Mr. Voght is a native of Missouri, and
is esteemed throughout the community.
He has succeeded in obtaining the ser-
vices of a celebrated artist, who was for
many years in the employ of INIr. Landy,
the famous photographer of Cincinnati,
Ohio. He is justly considered among
the foremost in his artistic profession.

Hotet.

THE TAVERN, Jno. S. Reed, Man-
ager — In reviewing the many import-
ant enterprises of a city, we speak of
none of so much vital importance to its
prosperity as the conduct and character
of its hotels. It is from these that vis-
itors form their opinions concerning the
city as a whole. The finest hotel in De-

catur, and indeed in this section of the
country, is "The Tavern," opened to
the public this year (1888). The hotel is
a handsome specimen of Queen Anne
architecture, four stories high, and is
the most imposing structure in the city.
This house, by general consent, is con-
sidered the best furnished and finished
in Northern Alabama. The sleeping
rooms for the accommodation of guests,
sixty in number, are well arranged and
ventilated. The waterworks system, in
connection with the hotel, is perfect,
each floor being supplied with water.
The hotel has the additional advantage
of being fire proof. This house in winter
is heated throughout by steam, and
cooled in summer by patent fans. Every
apartment is finished with walnut and
cherry wood furniture and French plate
mirrors, and lighted by electric light.
The seating capacity of the .spacious
dininghall is two hundred and twenty-
five. The hotel is a frame structure,
and was erected by the Decatur Land,
Improvement and Furnace Company,
at an expense of $100,000. The success
of the Tavern is largely due to the fine
business ability of the manager, Mr.
Jno. S. Reed, a native of Iowa City,
Iowa. He has lived at Huntsville until
lately, where he was Postmaster for
eight years. Since locating in Decatur
he has shown that he knows how to
manage a hotel in an able waj', he hav-
ing filled his position to the satisfaction
of all.

Furniture.

THE TOADVINE FURNITURE CO.

— A representative business enterprise
is the Toadvine Furniture Company,
dealers in carpets, oil cloths, furniture,
etc.

The building is a frame structure, and
is centrally located on Bond street, in
Toadvine's Block. This is beyond ques-
tion one of the most attractive and
best arranged furniture establishment in
the city, and the immense stock carried,
embraces all varieties of parlor, dining-
room, chamber and library furniture, a
specialty being made of othce furniture,
carpets, oil cloths, window shades, etc.,
of the best quality and moderate in
price.

Mr. S. F. Toadvine, a Mary lander, is
highly esteemed by the community for
his integrity. He justly merits the suc-
cess attained by perseverance and enter-
prise. Mr. Toadvine was formerly an
extensive grocery and hardware mer-

282

North Alabama.

chant. He is an enterprising, liberal
and public-spirited citizen, and is an ex-
tensive property owner. The house, in
every respect, is a leading one, and the
gentleman at its head stands high in the
community.

Banking.

THE EXCHANGE BANK.— The Ex-
change Bank of Decatur was incorpor-
ated November 1, 1S87, with the follow-
ing othcers, who are still in charge :
President, John D. Roquemore, of Ala-
bama, also President of the Decatur
Water AVorks ; Vice President, J. W.
Nelson, of Illinois, also President Mer-
chants' Insurance Company ; Cashier,
W. W. Hedges, who has had nine years'
experience in the Deposit Bank of
North Middletown, Kentucky :

The following are directors : H. G.
Bond, Lorenz Corey, W. F. Balbridge,
J. F. Scott and P. H. Flynn.

The capital stock is $100,000. The
commodious premises are fitted up in an
elegant style.

A general banking business is trans-
acted, and collections are made through-
out the South, and are jjromptly remit-
ted. Accounts of banks, bankers, mer-
chants, manufacturers, and others solic-
ited.

The officers are well-known business
men of established financial integrity,
and to their well-directed and conserva-
tive management may be ascribed the
general popularity and eminent status
of the institution.

Real Estate.

ADAMS & LOVELACE.— The supe-
rior natural advantages possessed by De-
catur are attracting widespread attention,
and as a result, investors are coming
from all parts of the country to investi-
gate the claims of the new city on the
Tennessee River.

Realty is steadily enhancing in value,
and investments made now cannot fail
to appreciate in value if purchased at
the present market valuation. To par-
ties at a distance who wish information
regarding properties here, we cannot cite
them to a more reputable and responsi-
ble firm than Messrs. Adams & Love-
lace. They opened their office hei'e Jan-
uary 1, 1888, and since then have en-
joyed a full share of patronage. Their
office is in the Bond Block, New Decatur,
and is attractively fitted up.

The firm have for sale much advanta-
geously located property, both city and

suburban, suitable for residence and
business purposes, as also for the estab-
lishing of plants and manufacturing
industries.

In addition, Messrs. Adams & Love-
lace buy and sell stocks, bonds, and
transact a general insurance business.
Their entire time is devoted to these
three important branches of commercial
activity, and their eflbrts thus far have
met with gratifying success.

Mr. B. F. Adams and C. A. Lovelace
are Georgians, coming from Columbus,
Ga., where, for many years, they were
engaged in mercantile pursuits. They
are esteemed in both social and business
circles for their integrity of character and
sterling worth.

Monuments.

WM. D. STUART.— A striking exam-
ple of progress is aftbrded by the history
of this well-known house, which has be-
come one of the business landmarks of
the city.

The premises occupied are spacious
and convenient, and consist of a hand-
some two-story building, which is sup-
plied with every requisite business facil-
ity. The business is satisfactorily lo-
cated as regards transportation facilities,
on the corner of Railroad and Vine
streets. A large stock of material is car-
ried, and everything in the line of mon-
uumental and general cemetery work is
executed. The designs are of exquisite
grace and beauty, and elicit the admira-
tion of all who see them. Talented
sculptors are employed, while there is
the widest range and choice as to mate-
rial, the immense stock, including the-
diflerent grades of Vermont, Tennessee,
Italian and American marble, a specialty
being made of the Bhie Virginia and
variegated Tennessee marble, which is
considered the finest in the country. An
immense quantity of limestone is also
carried, which is used for building pur-
poses.

Mr. Wm. D.. Stuart, the young and
energetic proprietor of this representa-
tive establishment, is a native of Tennes-
see, and has been established at the pres-
ent site since 1886. By able management
he has reared a business which distin-
guishes him as a leading exponent of his
branch of skilled industry. He employs
as general manager of the establishment
Mr. D. M. Huson, mIio is a native of
Tennessee, and a gentleman thoroughly
conversant with every detail of the busi-
ness.

Decatur.

283

He also lias employed Mr. T. M. Hen-
•derson, of Winchester, Tennessee, who
is considered one of the finest artists in
the South.

Mr. iStuart offers substantial induce-
ments to the wholesale and retail trade,
both as to i:)rice and quality. He owns
•Lis own quarry and iparble mill in East
Tennessee.

Building Material.

J. D. JERVIS & CO.— This firm was
■established in 1887, the plant being
moved that year from Ironton, Ohio.
'The members are Messrs. J. D. Jervis,
born in Wales ; C. C. Harris, a native of
Alabama, President of the First National
Bank of Decatur; W. W. Littiejohn, of
Alabama, and E. E. Greenleaf, of Ver-
mont. They manufacture all kinds of
"building material, sash, doors, blinds,
•Stairs, office outfits, hardwood finish.
The best workmen are employed, giving
•employment to twenty-tive men daily,
the pay-roll amounting to $235 per
"week. The firm have their own factory
for manufacturing sash, doors, blinds,
hardwood finish, etc., and sell by the
■carload direct from the factory, which is
two stories high, frame built and iron
roof. The rejjutation of this house is
well known throughout this section of
the country, for it has gained a position
through the management and enterprise
•of the individual members of the firm.

Dry Goods and Shoes.

THE NEW YORK STORE, Isaac
Pink us & Co., Proprietors.— Among the
leading mercantile houses on Bank
-Street is Isaac Pinkus & Co, " The New
York Stoi'e," dealers in dry goods and
shoes, which was established in 1887,
and has since become one of the most
popular and well patronized stores in
this city. The premises occupied con-
sist of a building which is adnnrably fit-
ted up for the display of merchandise,
including dry goods, etc., to the best ad-
vantage, and al.so in filling all orders in
■a, prompt and efficient manner. Every-
thing handled by Mr. Pinkus & Co. is
first-class in quality, and may be pur-
►chased at the lowest prices consistent
with fair dealings. Mr. Pinkus is a
native of Nashville, Tennessee, but for
.some time has been a well-known and
respected resident of Decatur, and by
his business ability, energy and hon-
orable dealings has established a liberal
and permanent trade throughout the
•country.

Civil Engineer and Surveyor.

GEORGE F. CON A NT.— Prominent
among those engaged in civil engineer-
ing and surveying, we mention George
F. Conant. His oflice is centrally lo-
cated in the Bond Block.

Mr. Conant is a native of Massachu-
setts. He has every appliance and ap-
paratus of the mc st approved construc-
tion for applying his profession. There
is nothing in the way of civil engineer-
ing or surveying which be does not do.
]\Iaps, specifications and estimates are
made at a brief notice and promptly, and
j with the greatest accuracy. He does a
large and increasing business all through
this section of the State. We will only
say in conclusion that parties calling on
Mr. Conant, either on business or other-
wise, will find time in his company pleas-
antly and i^rofitably spent.

Boots and Shoes.

G. W. SIDDONS, Dealer in Boots and
Shoes. — This house was founded bj'^
the present proprietor, G. W. Siddons,
and is guided by a liberal business policy
and sound mercantile integrity. The
store is on Bank street, and is two stories,
and conveniently arranged for the trans-
action of business. A complete assort-
ment of ladies', misses', gents' and chil-
dren's boots and shoes is carried. Mr.
Siddons transacts a large trade in the
city, and is agent for the best produc-
tions of the leading manufacturers. By
his own unaided efibrts he has brought
his business to a high standard. Mr.
Siddons is a native of Kentucky, and
was formerly proprietor of an extensive
boot and shoe establishment in Selma,
Alabama.

Furniture.

COLLINS & SCALES, Dealers in Fur-
niture. Carpets, Bedding, Etc. — The busi-
ness of this house was founded in 1888
by Messrs. Collins & Scales, and although
recently establisheil is recognized as one
of the leading furniture houses in the
city. The premises are centrally located
on the corner of Grant street and River-
view avenue, and consist of a large and
commodiovis structure, two stories, fit-
ted up with modern conveniences. An
immense stock, embracing fine designs
and fashionable styles in the furniture
line, and an elegant assortment of car-
pets, together with a large line of mat-
tresses of the firm's own manufacture, is
carried. Messrs. C. Collins and T. N.

284

North Alabama.

Scales, composing the firm, are ex-
perienced and .skillful exponents of their
branch of industry. Tliey are native
Georgians, and since their location in
this city have become representative
and highly respected mercliants. With
a practical experience of ten years, ener-
getic business qualities, together with
ample capital and influential connec-
tions, they rank among the representa-
tive firms of the city.

Hardware.

LAUGHLIN, FEEHAN & CO.— The
business of this house was started in
March, 1888, and has won a popularity
seldoui duplicated in mercantile annals.
The firm is a strong one financially, and
as regards facilities and connections. It
is composed of Messrs. T. C. Laughlin
and J. J. Feehan. The premises occu-
pied are eligibly located on Second ave-
nue, and are fitted up in a convenient
and attractive style. The stock displayed
is large, well selected and complete, em-
bracing a full line of cooking and heat-
ing stoves, tinware, chinaware, galvan-
ized iron cornice, slate and tin roofing,
guttering, etc., a specialty being made of
all kinds of pumps. The firm are also
agents for tiie American Cistern Filter
and headquarters for lightning rods. All
kinds of tin and iron work are executed
in the best manner, and an extensive
and lucrative general trade is enjoyed.

Messrs. Laughlin and Feehan are
natives of Kentucky, and are skillful
exponents of their trade. Mr. Laughlin
was a resident of Montgomery County,
Kentucky, for fifteen years, and was
manager of an extensive tinware estab-
lishment in Mount Sterling, Kentuck\%
for some time, while ]\Ir. Feehan was
foreman of the .same establishment. Both
gentlemen are popular managers and
have already reared a trade which places
them among the leading merchants.

Hotel.

THE HORART HOUSE is one of the
best in the city. It was opened in 1873,
and time has only served to increase its
popularity. The building is centrally
located, one square from the Union
Depot, and one square from the business
center, and has everj' convenience for
the accommodation of the guests of the
house. It can accommodate fifty guests.
The house is neatly furnished through-
out and thoroughly ventilated, while
the parlors are models, as regard tasteful

arrangement. It is a delightful sum-
mer home, and presents an inviting ap--
pearance with its cool and sluidy bal-
conies and wide verandas, surroundeil by"
magnolia shades, beautiful lawns and
handsome fiower gardens. Fresh air,
good water and solid comfort here are-
found.

The practical and experienced pro-
prietress, Mrs. j\L S. Hobart, gives her
personal supervision to the cuisine, which,
is an especial feature, in every depait-
ment. Mrs. Hobart is tlie most popular
and enterprising hostess in the city. !^he
is to be congratulated on having for her-
business manager Mr. C. C. Chapman,,
who is a genial, courteous and afi'able
gentleman.

Drugs and Groceries.

B. C. WRIGHT.— In 1888 (March 1)
Mr. B. C. Wright established the drug:
and grocery business near the foot of^
Grant strtet. He is thoroughly skilled
in the accurate and careful compounding
of physicians' prescriptions and fannly
recipes, and gives his personal super-
vision to the duties of this department..
This store comprises a handsomely fur-
nished apartment, which is admirably
arranged for a fine display of the stock.
Here may be found a large and conq)lete-
assortment of pure and fresh drugs and
chemicals, toilet articles and druggists'
sundries of all kinds. In another depart-
ment an immense stock of choice groceries
is carried, embiacing fancy and staple
groceries, fruit, produce, canned goods,,
etc.

Mr. AVright is a native of South Ala-
bama, and has been identified with the-
drug business since 187G.

We take pleasure in mentioning this
as one of the representative houses of
Decatur.

Lumber.

ARANTZ BROS. — Prominent among
the enterprising lumber houses in this,
region of the country, is that of Arantz.
Bros., established in 1881. Tiie IMessrs.
Arantz are proprietors of the Decatur
Band Saw IMills, and manufacture hard-
wood lumber, band .sawed quartered oak
and ash, and band .sawed qiuirtered
white wood and red gnm. The plant
covers four and one-half acres, the
capacity of the mills being 25,000 to-
"30,000 feet per day. They use the latest
improved system of drying lumber. The
trade is a most flourishing one, most of

Decatur.

the shipping being to the Eastern and
Northern States. Thirty-five skilled
workmen are given employment. A
specialty is made of hard- wood lumber.
They supplied the finishing lumber for
"The Tavern," the finest hotel in
Decatur.

Dry Goods and Clothing.

ATLANTA STORE, Friedman & Reis-
man. Proprietors. — Among the large mer-
cantile enterprises of the city is the
Atlanta Store. Since this enterprise was
inaugurated by Messrs. Friedman &
Reisman, in 1887, it has enjoyed a liberal
and substantial patronage. The build-
ing is a handsome three-story structure,
and is a feature among Decatur's busi-
ness houses. It is arranged and finished
with the most decided taste and a special
view to the large trade of the firm. The

stock of dry goods, foreign and domestic,
trimmings and notions, is such as is found
in a first-class dry goods house. In the
ladies' and gents' furnishing department
everything can be found that could be
desired. Another very important feature
of this extensive establishment is their
trade in custom-made shoes. The stock
is large and complete. The clothing
department of this house is one of the
most important features, embracing the
best makes of clothing to be found in
the United States for men, youths and
boys.

Messrs. Friedman & Reisman are
thoroughly conversant with the business
in hand, having done an extensive busi-
ness in this line in Florence, Alabama,
for several years. They are both ener-
getic and enterprising merchants, and
their success is but the natural result of'
their legitimate deserts.

GABSDEN.

THE American Manufacturing and Iron World, in one of its num-
bers, thus spoke of the iron wealth of Alabama: "No State
possesses such excellent quality, or so accessible to market. The
necessary elements in the economical manufacture of iron — coal
and the rich ores, together with limestone — can be as cheaply
brought together as in any other region of the United States."
Gadsden is in the center of this region. On the east, large
quantities of hematite and fossiliferoiis ores extend along the
Coosa River (whichis navigable at all seasons ofthe year) from
Greensport north, far into Georgia. On the west we find within
"five miles what is known as the Red Mountain, at the foot of which
runs the Alabama Great Southern Railroad from Birmingham to the Ten-
nessee River. This deposit, whilst being the largest of the State, is really
-one of the mineral wonders of the American Continent. The Iron Mountain
in Missouri alone can be considered its compeer. This vast body of fossilifer-
ous ore runs from a point a few miles east of Tuscaloosa to the northeastern
limits of the State, and it is said to be one hundred miles in length, by from
half a mile to a mile wide. What constitutes a most interesting and important
feature in relation to this remarkable deposit of ore is its proximity to other
materials necessary for its reduction. Coal, iron and limestone overlap each
other or lie parallel, and separated by a few miles throughout its entire length.
The position of Gadsden, as before said, is central between these two great
deposits ; the richest and purest being at her very doors. It is claimed that
they can be delivered at the furnaces cheaper than in any part of the mineral
belt ; that with charcoal at five cents per bushel, and the ore not requiring a
flux (it carries lime sufficient to make it self-fluxing), charcoal iron can be as
cheaply made here as anywhere in the world ; further, tliat with the splendid
manganese beds recently opened up by the Gadsden Iron, Coal and Real
Estate Company, at Walnut Grove, twenty miles west, Gadsden is better
prepared to make steel than any other point, from the fact that the purest of
these ores, as well as the manganese, are situated within tvjenty miles of this place.
Iron ore at Gadsden is delivered to the furnaces at sixty-five cents per ton,
and is worked directly from the mines, no washing or roasting necessary.

The Sand Mountain, Lookout and Coosa Coal Fields, producing coals of
excellent quality for coking, lie at the very doors of the city.

^ •^>' wj<:'>'-. /^j^

"fe^^

COOSA RIVER BRIDGE— GADSDEN.

Gadsden. 289

ITUATION

In a valley at the foot of the southern terminus of Lookout Mountain,
and on the western bank of the Coosa River, lies Gadsden. Ninety-two miles
north, at the foot of the other terminus of Lookout Mountain, is Chattanooga,
Tennessee ; fifty-four miles southeast is Birmingham, and fifty-two miles east
is Rome, Georgia.

J^IVER AND RAIL

The Coosa River is the best inland navigation in the United States, and is
^destined in the future to be one of the most important commercial highways
dn the South. The river from Rome to Greensport — 176 miles — is navigable
;an the year round. Boats, 100 to 150 tonnage, carry the mails with the regular-
ity of railroad trains every day in the year. The United States Government
is removing the obstructions, and will soon have the river open to Mobile.

There are now assured— some of them already here— ^ve lines of road: the
Tennessee & Coosa Railroad, the Rome & Decatur, the Birmingham, Baltimore
■& Gulf, the Anniston, Gadsden & Cincinnati, and the Georgia Central.

The first, the Tennessee & Coosa Road, is appropriately named, for it con-
nects the Tennessee River with the Coosa, and approaches completion. This
j-oad will give Gadsden the benefit of the canal on Mussel Shoals. The Rome
.& Decatur Road is a direct line from Rome to Decatur, and the map will show
that it is an important one. The Birmingham, Baltimore & Gulf Road comes
•■to Gadsden from Leeds, and, as its name imports, connects Baltimore with the
Gulf. The Anniston, Gadsden & Cincinnati Road, nearly completed, connects
Gadsden with all the important lines at Anniston. The Georgia Central via
•Carrollton and Gadsden, and on through to Decatur to Milan and Chicago.

These different lines give Gadsden ample railroad facilities, and will ena-
">ble her to secure the best possible rates. When they are all completed, which
will be speedily done, then Gadsden will commence a career of prosperity and
•growth unprecedented in her history.

IVER5ITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Here, in close proximity to this beautiful and thriving city, both the
>brown and red hematite iron ore in quantities inexhaustible lie side by side
with coal and limestone. The soft red ores abounding in this section are
unexcelled by any other in the United States, yielding from fifty to fifty-five
,per cent, of metallic iron of the finest quality. The Gadsden Exhibit at Pied-
iinont Exhibition, 1887, .was one of the most attractive and interesting in the

STEAMBOAT LANDING- COOSA RIVER— GADSDEN.

Gadsden. 291

building. It consisted of five different varieties of iron ore, manganese,
baryta, plumbago, yellow ochre, fire clay, bath brick, coal, coke, charcoal,
marble, both variegated and white, kaolin, potter's clay, terra cotta clay,
building rock, sandstone, and a fine display of hard woods, consisting of hick-
ory, red and white oak, ash, poplar, elm, beech, birch, gum, walnut, linn,
maple, long leaf yellow pine, etc. The manganese ore from Gadsden received
the highest premium, and was pronounced far superior to any other similar
ore on exhibition.

Along the banks of the Coosa the rich hammock lands lie that produce
the far-famed Coosa Valley cotton, which the manufacturers of the celebrated
Coats' Cotton Thread buy specially to make their goods, because of its strength
and long staple.

GRICULTURAL

The following crops cannot only be raised in the county, but can be grown
profitably: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, clover, grasses, potatoes, both sweet
and Irish ; fruits and vegetables.

Gadsden is the natural trading center of five large valleys and seven
counties. She grew from a town of fifty people to one of four thousand five
hundred on her merits as a business center, and without a railroad or a man-
ufacturing industry to help her. The valleys will grow any cereal or vege-
table or grass known to the United States. Before the war it was a great
wheat country, but of late years very little of that cereal has been raised. I
is a sure crop of at least twenty bushels to the acre whenever sown. The
mountain orchards grow the finest apples, peaches, plums and pears, and vine-
yards do excellently well. While the valley farmers about Gadsden are all
doing well and are gaining year by year, there is opportunity for Northern
farmers to go in there and do five times better. Most of the farm work is left
to cheap negro labor, which is shiftless and ignorant in most instances. There
is ambition to get enough to live on, but none to get rich. There are good
markets for everything raised, good roads all over the county, and no draw-
back to discourage the farmer. Stock has to be fed about two months some
winters, but the farmer can offset this with three crops of hay and two crops
of almost anything else.

IMBER

Lying within convenient distance are vast forests of long leaf yellow pine,
making magnificent lumber. For fifteen years this lumber has been manu-
factured at Gadsden, and is now being manufactured at the rate of thirty mil-
lions of feet annually. The long leaf yellow pine is not the only timber avail-
able for manufacturing purposes at and near Gadsden, but all other kinds indig-
enous to this region abound in very large quantities. With them, Gadsden

BLACK CREEK FALLS— TWO MILES FROM GADSDEN.

Gadsden. 293

oflFers as favorable facilities for the manufacturing of woodenware as any other
locality in the land. All valuable varieties of hard woods abound in the adja-
•cent forests.

.CLIMATE, HEALTH, ETC

Situated on a magnificent tableland, five hundred and eighty feet above
"the sea level, and surrounded by hills, Gadsden enjoys a climate which is at
■once salubrious and delightful, and remarkably free from malarial diseases.
The purest water, both limestone and freestone, is in abundance, while the
mineral springs — sulphur and chalybeate — possess rare medicinal qualities.
The atmosphere is clear and bracing and is not subject to sudden changes ; the
thermometer ranges from 40 to 10 degrees above zero in the winter and never
higher than 96 in the summer, 75 to 80 degrees being the mean temperature
during the heated term.

For health no place on this continent can boast of greater freedom from
-epidemics. No yellow fever or cholera has ever made its appearance here.
The general health is excellent, the mortuary list being remarkably low. The
Xookout Mountain, only two miles from the city, furnishes delightful sum-
mer resorts. The scenery on this mountain in simply grand. Here are sit-
uated the famous

gLACK CREEK FALLS AND BELLEVUE HOTEL

About two miles south of the city is one of the greatest curiosities in
jiature, the Black Creek Falls. The creek runs along the depression on the
top of Lookout Mountain for about thirty miles, and at one single leap, as if in
desperation, plunges down one hundred feet. Upon this romantic spot the
Gadsden Land and Improvement Company have decided to build a handsome
hotel, to be called the Bellevue. Neither time nor expense will be spared on
i;his structure, and a building to adorn the grand spot upon which it is erected
"will be the result. This hotel stands upon the highest and most romantic
point overlooking the city, from the veranda of which the scenery is unsur-
passed. About this beautiful hotel structure will be grouped a number of
pretty cottages, as well as handsome private residences.

Several months ago the franchise was granted by the city of Gadsden to
the Land and Improvement Company to build a dummy line through the
;streets of the city. The work of the survey has already begun, rails have been
ordered, and by September 1 the road will be completed. The road will run
through all the principal streets of the town and out to Attalla and the beau-
tiful Black Creek Falls. The grading on the road to the Falls will be extremely
difiicult, but the best of engineers and workmen have been employed and no
•expense spared to make a success of the road in every way.
20

HOTEL BELLEVUE, AT BLACK CREEK FALLS.

Gadsden. 295

INDUCEMENTS— COST OF LIVING

Great inducements are now being held out by the Gadsden Land and
Imajprovement Company to manufacturers from abroad to locate in Gadsden
^ud develop its resources. This Company was organized in January, 1887,
with a capital stock of $3,000,000. They own 700 acres of valuable lands in and
.adjacent to the city. They have set aside $500,000 of their stock to subsidize
oaew industries. They propose to donate to new manufacturing enterprises
locating in this city sufficient ground to locate and operate their plants upon.
Besides this Company there are several other syndicates and land companies
here that are offering liberal inducements to actual settlers.

New comers may rest assured that they can enjoy the utmost political
freedom ; that no such thing as social ostracism is here known for political
causes. Gadsden extends a hearty welcome to any and all who come in her
midst.

Common laborers get $1 per day, experts at mills from $2 to $3.50 per day.
Living is cheap. All garden and orchard products very cheap.

UMBER INDUSTRY

For years Gadsden has enjoyed the rejiutation of being one of the best
lumber markets in the State. The river affords fine facilities for rafting
for more than 300 miles, hence much capital has been invested in the lumber
business. The mills of R. B. Kyle & Co., the Southern Lumber Company,
the Gadsden Lumber Company, John L. Pogue & Co. and VV. P. Lay have the
capacity for a daily output of several hundred thousand. These, having large
patent lumber-driers in connection with their planing and saw mills, are pre-
pared to fill all orders. As might be expected, Gadsden for years has
shipped immense quantities of yellow pine to the markets of the North, East
and West. In addition to the above industries are the sash, door and blind
factory of Gwin, Hicks & Lane, and the broom handle factory.

J^EAL ESTATE, RENTS

Gadsden has never had the wild boom which has characterized other
embryo cities. The result is, her realty has always maintained a normal condi-
tion as to price. It is fortunate that there has been no inflation, for the prices of
realty now are low and within the reach of all. Unimproved business lots on
Broad and intersecting streets can be bought from $50 to $250 per front foot,
prices varying with location, etc. Unimproved residence lots, eligibly located,
sell for $10 to $30 per front foot, and in suburbs much cheaper.

Stores rent from $25 to $125 per month, according to size, and houses from
$3 to $30, according to location.

THE PRIXTUP HOUSE.

Gadsdex. 297

ATER WORKS

At an expense of abou yS75,000, there is a splendid system of water-
works. Hence no place in the State, perhaps, can boast of better protection
against fire. Ever since their construction they have more than paid their
cost in the property they have saved from the flames that would inevitably have
been burned. They traverse the principal streets and give protection through-
out the corporate limits of the town, while they afford convenient supplies of
fresh water for drinking, laundry and culinary purposes, also for allaying the
dust of the streets, retreshiug the gardens and supph'ing the fountains. Xo
city can afford to lose the solid comfort there is in a good system of water-
works.

HURCHES, SCHOOLS

Gadsden is decidedly a church-going city, and in this connection we will
state that she has five churches for the whites and three for the negroes. The
denominations owning churches are the Baptists, Presbj-terians, Cumberland,
Methodists and Catholics. These are the churches belonging to the white
congregations. In addition to these the Christians and Episcopalians have
regular services at stated periods. All of these churches have a good mem-
bership and some of them have large memberships. We do not hazard much
when we say 33^ per cent, of the population are charch goers. These points
are very significant when we remember that they are good indexes to the
social life of a people. The truth is accepted without an argument that society is
founded on the principles of Christianity, and when any people practically
recognize this truth in the maintenance of the gospel you always have the strong-
est assurances of a healthy social life. There is a flourishing Young Men's
Christian Association, which has a large hall, beautifully carpeted and
furnished.

Private schools are numerous and good. Some are managed by teachers
of fine culture and large experience. The people are alive to the necessity of
supporting their schools, and, as an evidence of this spirit, there are a large
graded institute and four or five private schools well supported.

\\1

AT GADSDEX HAS NOW

She has four saw mills, with a capacity of 20,000,000 feet per year; two
paint mills, an ice factory, one large furnace in opei'ation and two buildings
two flour mills, a large foundry and machine shop, a cotton compress, three
large planing mills connected with the saw mills, and a fourth running inde-
pendently, a large pottery, over fifty stores, three or four livery stables, a white

298 North Alabama.

and colored opera house, three hotels, one national bank, a steamboat line, a
large number of churches and a splendid school system for both races. In
addition, she is splendidly lighted by electricity, has costly waterworks, which
give a i:)ressure of over eighty pounds in the town, and has built and opened a
brick hotel costing $40,000, which is run by one of the best hotel men in
the country. The streets are in splendid condition, the public buildings in
good repair, and there is an air of thrift and enterprise in every direction.
The city owes but a small debt, and taxes are so low that scarcely anything
is returned to the State as unpaid. The tax on city property is only one-half
of one per cent., and cannot exceed this, however large the city may grow, as
it is a law enacted by the city.

HAT GADSDEN NEEDS

When the third furnace is completed there should be a.bloomary and a
merchant bar mill established, and much of the iron should be worked up at
home. The people intend it shall be. It will be a splendid location for a tool
or agricultural works. Hoes, rakes, shovels and such implements can be made
here cheaper than in any town in Pennsylvania. The country about is full
of the finest oak, hickory, ash, and other desirable woods, and a large wagon
and furniture factory would find everything needed at hand. A tannery, to
work up the millions of tons of oak bark which abound on the hills around ;
establishments to work up the oak and hickory, which are inexhaustible. These
are enterprises which would be carefully fostered in this community. A stove
foundry is also a necessity here, and would do a prosperous business.

rONCLUSION

It is justly claimed that foresight, approximately accurate, is one of the
most valuable acquisitions of a business man. Gadsden holds out most excel-
lent opi^ortunities for the employment of this valuable faculty. Many of its
present wealthy citizens owe their success to their knowledge of Gadsden's
advantages and their belief in the greatness of its future. Its growth has been
solid and substantial. Its real estate is based upon actual values and not
"boom" prices. With the rapid though conservative advance of the city,
will naturally follow the increase of value of its property. The wise investor,
guided by the above statement of its advantages, will, after personal investi-
gation, find in Gadsden the solid profit-making place for his investment. He
will see that, as an ideal manufacturing center, as a health resort, as a place of
residence, Gadsden — the "Pearl of the Valley" — fills the bill.

^Atti.m»s,

Sketches of Prominent Firms— Merchants, Manufac-
turers, Real Estate Agents, Etc.

Land Company.

THE GADSDEN LAND AND IM-
PROVEMENT COMPANY.— The Gads-
"den Land and Improvement Company
was organized in January, 1887. The
Company is one of the most substantial
.in the State, and owns three thousand
(3,000) lots in, around and near the city.
Much of this property is situated on an
elevated plateau, eighty to one hundred
feet above the river, and comprises, un-
questionably, the most beautiful sites for
residences to be found anywhere in Ala-
bama. These lots are 50 x 140 feet, and
front on broad and well-shaded avenues
-of native oak and hickory. The water
Jaere is unsurpassed, and being elevated,
the air is always pure, fresh and clear,
as the smoke and dust of the city are
avoided. The natural advantages pos-
sessed by this residence i3roperty make
it in demand by those seeking beautiful
and healthful homes, and it will con-
tinue to increase in value. The Com-
pany has property also along the river
front and the several lines of railroad
suitable for manufacturing purposes-
foundries, machine shops, planing mills,
etc., etc. The land oflered for manufac-
turing purj)oses is most advantageously
located, and possesses all requisite facil-
ities. A certain tract has been thus set
apart for manufacturing sites, which will
be offered to investors on unusually fav-
orable terms. This property is all
reached by the Citj' Waterworks Com-
pany and the Coosa River.

It is frequently the case in new and
thriving cities that land values are in
-advance, or not in proportion to the size
^nd degree of prosi^erity of the city

itself. The result is, numerous would-be
investors are frightened off by high
prices. This will not apply to Gadsden
or the lots held by the Land and
Improvement Company. The Com-
pany's policy is to make their profit out
of the large aggregate of sales, and not a
few. In view of this, they offer lots at
exceedingly low figures, on long time
and easy payments, and purchasers who
build within six months after buying,
will have advantage of a liberal discount.
These inducements are as liberal as they
are unusual, and are attracting hun-
dreds of people throughout the country.
Business men contemplating the estab-
lishment of any kind of manufacturing
plant or industry will receive not only
the encouragement, but the aid of the
Company, and for this purpose the Com-
pany has set apart a $500,000 subsidy.

The capital stock of the Companv is
$3,000,000. This is paid up and unas-
sessable. The officers are from among
the most thorough and successful busi-
ness men in Alabama. They are : R.
B. Kyle, President ; Jno. S. Paden, Vice
Pi-esident; M. L. Foster, Secretary and
Treasurer, and W. H. Denson, Attor-
ney.

Col. R. B. Kyle, the President, is a
native of North Carolina, and came here
in 185G, when the town had only one
hundred and fifty inhabitants. Appre-
ciating the great natural advantages of
the place he determined to make it his
permanent home, and has, accordingly,
in these succeeding years, bent all his
energies to the upbuilding of the city.
He has been successful to a remarkable
degree, and is one of the largest owners
of real estate in the State. Personally

300

North Alabama.

Colonel Kyle is a man of wonderful ex-
ecutive ability and indomitable energy.
He has tact, rather than talent, and pos-
sesses all those characteristics which
make up the successful business man.
He is naturally a leader, and the great-
Bess and importance of his work for
Gadsden can never be estimated.

Jolin S. Paden, Esq., the Vice Presi-
dent, is a Georgian, born and reared in
Cobb County, of that State. He is a self-
made man, and his success is an evi-
dence of what energy and decision of
character can accomplish. He began his
business career, since the war, as a shoe-
maker, and has risen, step by step, until
now he is one of the most prominent,
influential citizens in Gadsden.

Marcus L. Foster, Esq., Secretary and
Treasurer, is also a Georgian, and is a
son of the late General Ira P. Foster,
one of the most prominent men of his
time in Georgia. He has been a resi-
dent of Gadsden about fifteen years. He
is a son-in-law of Colonel Kjde. He is
a man of superior business ability, full
of push and energy, and lias those social
qualities which render him popular with
all classes.

Col. W. H. Denson, the Attorney, is
an Alabamian, and at present the United
States District Attorney for Northern
Alabama. He was educated at the
University of Alabama, and has risen to
eminence in his profession, and is re-
garded as one of the best lawyers in the
State.

The Directors are: W. H. Denson,
M. L. Chapman, W. M. Meeks, John S.
Paden, 11. B. Kyle, Geo. L. Morris and
H. Herzberg. Thus constituted and
under such officers and Board of Direc-
tors, tlie past success of tiie Companj^ is
no longer a matter of wonder, and its
prospective future is full of promise to
Gadsden.

General Merchandise.

POGUE & HERZBERG, Manufac-
turers and Dealers in Flooring, Ceiling,
Finishing Lumber, Etc. — In the ad-
vantages possessed by a city there are
certainly none of more importance than
the establishments connected with the
building interest, and none of such vital
importance to the community at large.
The largest and oldest representative es-
tablishment in this line in the city is
that of Messrs. Pogue & Herzberg, pro-
prietors of the Red Jacket Mills, manu-
facturing and dealing in all kinds of
flooring, ceiling, finishing lumber and

car and bridge material, whose attractive-
offices are eligibly located on the corner-
of Broad and Fourth streets. This ex-
tensive business was founded in 1857^
and under enterprising and able man-
agement has rapidly gi'own in volume-
and importance. The plant covers an.
extensive area, and the saw mill and
planing mills are large and substantial
structures, fully equipped throughout
with the latest improved machinery.
The firm manufacture the best quality of
flooring, ceiling and finishing lumber^
also of car and bridge material, dealing
extensively in the same. They possess
ample capital and unusual facilities for
direct transportation, and quote prices-
that cannot be duplicated elsewhere.

Messrs. J. L. Pogue and H. Herzberg
compose the firm. Mr. Pogue is one of"
the leading and most influential citizens
of Gadsden, and is highly respected in
the community. He is a native of Ala-
bama, and has a thoroughly practical ex-
perience in all the details of his l)usines8»
Besides his connection with this exten-
sive business Mr. H. Herzberg also deals
in general merchandise in this city. His
establishment ranks second to none in
the city, and with ample capital, a thor-
oughly comprehensive knowledge of the
requirements and responsibilities of the-
business, and honorable dealings, he has
enjoyed a continued success. He is
identified with the business in every de-
tail, having devoted many years to it..
The premises occupied are spacious and
commodious, and conveniently located,
in the business part of the city, supplied
with all modern appliances for the trans-
action of business, and containing a full
and complete stock of general merchan-
dise, a specialty being made of commer-
cial fertilizers, bagging, ties, and planta-
tion supplies.

Mr. Herzberg is a native of Germany^
but has been a resident of this city for
thirty years. He is a member of the
Masonic order, the Knights of Pythias^
and Knights of Honor. He enjoys the
confidence and esteem of the entire com-
munity, and is justly entitled to the
liberal patronage of an appreciative
public.

Dry Goods.

S. W. BERGER & CO.— A popular
business establishment in this city is
that of Messrs. S. W. Berger & Co.,
dealers in dry goods, clothing and shoes.
The house was established under the-
present auspices in 1880, and subsequent.

Gadsden.

301

to that time has been the leading supply |
depot for the surrounding trade. In its
present status the firm occupies a two-
story brick, and in the elegantly ap-
pointed salesroom is displayed one of the I
finest assortment of goods to be seen in |
the city. Besides the almost endless va-
riety of dry goods, clothing and shoes
here displayed, a specialty is made of j
carpets, hats, furnishing goods, etc., great !
inducements being ofl'ered in styles and
prices, and affording an assortment not ;
duplicated in this section of the State. ;

The experienced salesmen employed j
in the several departments are kei)t busy
in supplying the wants of the liberal
patronage. '

The building in which this business
is conducted is systematically arranged
for a fine display of the goods handled.
Electric light is" used in the store, and
every requisite for the business fur-
nished.

Mr. Berger is a native of Austria. He
came to this city with a full knowledge
of the dry goods business, and estab-
lished the house, which, from its begin-
ning, has been recognized as being at
the head of this branch of trade in our
city, being always regarded as carrying
the finest stock of goods, and conducting
his business upon the highest plane of
commercial and jjersonal honor. Pie is
an honored member of the Knights of
Pythias.

Bank.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK. — This
flourishing bank was organized April 4,
1887, and now enjoys a liberal patron-
age.

The officers of the Fir-st National
Bank have it in contemplation to in-
crease the capital stock to $100,000, its
capital now being $50,000. The estab-
lished reputation for reliability and
safety, which it has had from its start,
has procured the organization an increas-
ing and growing sphere of operations.
It transacts a general and extensive busi-
ness, and its affairs are entrusted to the
able and efficient management of the fol-
lowing men, well -and favorably known
throughout the district for their unques-
tionable integrity : A. L. Glenn, Pre.si-
dent; R. O. Randall, Vice President, and
W. G. Brockway, Cashier.

Mr. A. L. Glenn, the President, was
formerly a merchant. He is a member
of the Knights of Pythias.

Mr. K. O. Randall^ the Vice President,
is a native of New York.

Mr. W. G. Brockway, the Cashier, is a
native of Malone, New York. This gen-
tleman, too, belongs to the Knights of
Pythias. He is eminently suited to his
present position, .having had a lifelong
experience in the banking business at
Brownsville, Tennessee.

A prominent private bank (it should
be mentioned) was formerly run by two
of the above gentlemen in Gadsden,
under the name of Glenn, Brockway &
ing Company.

Cotton Buyers.

.JOHN S. PADEN & CO.— A most
gratifying fact in the development at-
tending the turn of Gadsden's financial
a9"airs toward general prosperity, is the
increased activity among the cotton buy-
ers and dealers in general merchandise,
wagons, buggies, etc. In no concern is
this more evident than that of Messrs.
John S. Paden & Co., who founded this
enterprise in 1881, and have met with a
most gratifying success. They occupy a
large, handsome and conveniently-ar-
ranged building. They do a general cot-
ton factoi'age business, receiving large
consignments from all parts of Alabama
and Georgia. All orders are filled with
care and attention, and remittances made
promptly as desired. They also deal in
general merchandise, and carry a full
line of wagons, buggies, etc. Their stock
is of durable and substantial make, gen-
eral satisfaction being given to all
patrons. Their trade is not confined to
the city, but extends into all the adjoin-
ing counties.

The individual members of the firm
are Messrs. John S. Paden and C. W.
Ewing, both natives of Georgia.

Mr. Paden is a member of the Knights
of Pythias, also of the Knights of
Honor. He is eminently a self-made
man, having risen from poverty to
affiuence by his own efforts.

They are both gentlemen of large ex-
perience in their line of business, con-
ducting business upon an upright and
liberal basis. They stand high in the
business community, as enterprising,
liberal, public-spirited citizens, and we
cheerfully accord them a place in this
review.

Car Manufactory.
THE ELLIOTT CAR COMPANY^—
The rapid advancement in the manufac-
turing arts, which so greatly distin-
guishes our American industries, isasub-
ject of interesting study.

302

North Alabama.

One of the most noted establishments
to he found in this section of the coun-
try is the Elliott Car Company, manu-
facturers of all kinds of freiglit cars.
Four hundred experienced operatives are
employed at this plant, which is located
one mile from the center of Gadsden, and
"Covers an area of several acres. Every
kind of freight car is manufactured,
twelve cars being turned out daily. All
the newest and latest patents in machin-
ery are used, the machinery in the wood
shop having been furnished by J. A. Fay
tt Co. and the machinerv bv the Niles
Tool Works, Hamilton, Uhio".

The general manager of these Avorks
is Mr. J. M. Elliott, Jr., a native of
Rome, Georgia. He is also treasurer and
general manager of the Elliott Pig Iron
Company, located twenty-four miles from
Gadsden, his father, Mr. J. M. Elliott,
being President of said Company. This
corporation has been in operation since
1873, and manufactures on an extensive
scale car-wheel Round Mountain pig
iron. The furnace, as above stated, is
located at Round Mountain, Alabama,
twenty-four miles from Gadsden, the
general office being in Gadsden.

Mr. Elliott, Jr., was educated at the
Emory and Henry College, Virginia. He
was in the steamboat business from 1873
to 1877, when, in the course of a year,
he embarked in the saw mill business
(being still interested in the same busi-
ness in Hyle's Lumber Company at
Gadsden).

Mr. Elliott, Jr., was the first to estab-
lish a yellow pine lumber yard in Kan-
sas City. In connection with this he es-
tablished a large saw mill in Texas. To
his superb management is due the grand
success which the Elliott Car Company
has attained, and in every way is he
abundantly worthy of his large measure
of success.

Iron,

THE GADSDEN IRON COMPANY.
— One of the most flourishing and ex-
tensive iron companies known in the
State is the Gadsden Iron Company.
This Company does an extensive busi-
ness in the manufacture of charcoal pig
iron. Under wise and conservative
guidance it ranks among the most pros-
perous in the South, and the officers are
to be congratulated upon the successful
outcome of their efforts. Each year the
scope of its operations has been enlarged,
the demand continually increasing.

The officers of the Company are men
whose names are familiar in this section.

Mr. A. J. Crawford, the President, is
a native of Pennsylvania, and is one of
the active promoters of Alabama's ma-
terial development. He has the appre-
ciated support in the Company's execu-
tive management of Mr. T. W. Stewart,
Secretary and Treasurer, who energetic-
ally discharges the onerous duties de-
volving ujion him. This gentleman is a
native of Indiana.

They are men of fine character and
standing, and are in every way worthy of
the success they have attained, and the
esteem in which, they are held by all
with whom they have dealings.

Wholesale Grocer.

S. W. RIDDLE & CO.— In endeavor-
ing to preserve some record .of commer-
cial firms of the city by historical notes,
our object in introducing this depart-
ment of our work is attributable more
to a desire to gather together remem-
brances of an interesting nature, rather
than to seek opportunity for personal
compliment. But it is quite admissible
for us to say that Messrs. S. W. Riddle
& Co., wholesale grocers, grain and pro-
vision dealers, belong to that class of en-
terprising, sagacious and successful
merchants who have been prominently
identified with the commercial interests
of the city for many years, and to whose
enterpiise and perseverance, as well as
sterling integrity, those interests are in-
debted for much of their present vigor
and development. This enterprise was
first started by S. W. Riddle m 1875, the
present firm being formed in 1883 by the
admission intopartnershipof Messrs. S. S.
Caldwell and S. S Spence. Throughout
its existence the house has had a very
successful career, the bu.siness increasing
steadily year by year. A large building
is occupied which fronts directly on the
railroad, and no house in the trade carries
a larger or more complete stock, or pos-
sesses better facilities for the transaction
of business. Their store and stock is the
largest in Gadsden.

The individual members of the firm
are: Messrs. S. W. Riddle, S. S. Cald-
well and S. S. Spence.

Mr. Riddle was born in Talladega
County, Alabama. He runs a large stock
farm near Gadsden, and is also identified
: with the merchandising business at Ox-
ford, with the firm of Smith & Kiddle.

Messrs. Caldwell and Spence are natives
respectively of Alabama and Arkansas.

Gadsden.

303

Both gentlemen were raised on a farm,
the former having resided in this city for
eight years, and the latter for twelve
years. All these gentlemen possess ad-
mirable business qualities, and are in
every way eminently qualified to stand
at the head of this line of trade in Gads-
den. By their activity, energy and
prompt characteristics, they have won
for themselves and their house a high
business reputation.

Clothing, Etc,

PHILIPS BRO. & CO.— Among the
mercantile enterprises which form the
basis of the commercial wealth and im-
portance of this busy city, will
be found the firm whose name is
at the head of this article. This
house was founded in 1887 by the con-
solidation of the firm of Martin & Philips
.and B. F. Philips. An immense stock
of dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes, hats,
hardware, groceries and general merchan-
dise is carried. A large force of clerks
is employed, and the voluminous trade
extends "throughout the State.

Messrs. ^V. R. Philips, B. F. Philips
and J. T. Martin compose the firm, the
two former gentlemen being natives of
Alabama, the latter of Georgia. All are
prominent and influential figures in local
trade circles, and are numbered among
our leading and most highly respected
business men.

Grocerif.
HALE & CO.— To the rapid growth of
Gadsden as a flourishing trade cen-
ter in the last few years and in the
-development of her material pros-
perity her mercantile houses have
largely contributed. Among these the
firm of Hale & Co. has taken a lead-
leading part, and its trade is a large item
in the great aggregate of business trans-
acted here. The firm as now constituted
was organized in 1887. The prestige of
the house has been steadily maintained
and its trade rapidly increased and ex-
tended. The proprietors of this estab-
lishment occupy a large brick building,
and the location is a desirable one for
trade. A large stock of fresh groceries,
both staple and fancy, is kept constantly
•on hand, such as to make it to one's de-
cided advantage to patronize this firm.
They also carry a large stock of flour,
bran and hay, and make it a point to al-
ways give the best for the money.

Mr. J. E. Hale is a native of Gadsden,
:.and was formerly proprietor of the

Phcenix Hotel, and was at one time con-
nected with the dry goods house of
Berger & Co., of this city. He has been
actively engaged in business here for
several years, and enjoys the esteem of
all with whom he has dealings. This
gentleman is accounted a representative
leader of successful business enterprises,
and merits the patronage he enjoys.

Planing Mills.

G.VDSDEN PLANING MILLS. —

Prominently among the extensive indus-
trial enterprises which form the basis of
the commercial wealth and importance
of this city should be mentioned the
Gadsden Planing Mills. This business
was founded in 1884, and by able man-
agement it has assumed the projjortions
of a representative and leading industry.
The mills ai-e equipped with all the best
improved machinery, operated by steam
power. A large force of hands is em-
ployed in the execution of the superior
work, for which these mills are
widely noted. Here are manufactured
all kinds of sawed and planed lumber,
all kinds of doors, sash, frames, blinds,
moldings and mantels of every style
and description, in fact, all kinds of
building material are either luade to or-
der or furnished on short notice, and
prices and terms are reasonable. Con-
tractors' and builders' estimates fur-
nished on application.

Messrs. T. B. Gwin, M. L. Hicks and
M. E. Lane, composing the firnj, are gen-
tlemen of sterling business worth. At
their office on Chestnut street, between
Second and Third streets, patrons will
receive prompt and courteous attention.

Mr. Gwin is a native of South Caro-
lina. He is a public-spirited and jsopu-
lar man; is a member of the orders of
Masons and Odd Fellows.

Mr. Hicks is a native of Tennessee,
and is a prominent member of the Good
Templars, Odd Fellows. Knights of
Pythias and Masons.

Mr. Lane canie from Ohio, where he
stood high in commercial and social cir-
cles. He is a member of several socie-

304

North Alabama.

ties, prominent among which might be
mentioned the ^Masons, Odd Fellows and
Good Templars.

These gentlemen are all well-known
businessmen, and deserving of the con-
fidence and large patronage their honor-
able business career has secured.

The work turned out by these mills
commands a ready and extended market.

ILUM3ER,

Lumber.

WALTER S. STAXDIFER.— The lum-
ber trade is one of the most important
brauL-hes of mercantile activity in Gads-
den and prol)a[)ly gives employment to
more people tlian any other line of busi-
ness. In compiling an industrial review
of Gadsden's representative business
houses we give prominent mention to
that of Walter S. Standifei-, lumber dealer
and manufacturer of sasli, doors, blinds,
moldings, weatherboard ing, flooring,
ceiling and builders' supplies.

]Mr. Staudifer has ably and efficiently
conducted the lousiness since December,
1887, being the successor to Messrs.
Standifer & Owram. The lumber yard
covers a large area, twenty-five men be-
ing given daily employment. The sash,
doors, blinds, etc., manufactured are
made of well-seasoned materials and con-
tribute largely to the supply of an exten-
sive trade throughout this section of the
State. Mr. Standifer contracts and builds
houses. He built the depots of the An-
niston & Cincinnati Railroad. He is a
native of this State, having resided here
since 1869, and he has been in business
here since 1881. Mr. Standifer is a
Mason, Odd Fellow, and a member of the
Knights of Pythias. He is practically
experienced in every detail of the lum-
ber business and is amply qualified for
conducting the business with increasing
success.

General Merchandise.
SA:\r HENRY.— There are few busi-
ness enterprises tliat have the capacity
for wider range and scope than the gen-
eral merchandising business. Success in
this business requires activity and energy

and keen business tact. Among those -
who are considered as prominent in this
trade, we mention Sam Henry. This
business occupies a substantial brick
building, an important acquisition being
a splendid tire-proof vault with a three-
foot wall. An immense stock, embrac-
ing everything pertaining to the trade is
carried, and the general business reaches
throughout the State, inclusive of a fine
local patronage.

i\Ir. Henry was born in Sevier County,.
Tennessee, and has resided in this city
since February, 18G6. He is a member-
of the Masonic Order, also of the Knights
of Honor. He has forty years experience
in the business in which he is engaged, .
a thorough knowledge of every detail,
and a high reputation for integrity and
fair dealing. He has reared a business
which entitles him to his distinction of a
representative Gadsden merchant. His
son is with him, and has proven a.
valuable assistant to his father.

Liuery, Feed and Sale Stable.

PAL:\IETT0 STABLES, T. J. Phillips,.
Proprietor. — An important acquisition to •
the business and pleasure facilities of
any community is a well-equipped and
well-conducted livery stable. In this
connection are the " Palmetto Stables,"
owned and conducted by INIr. T. J.
Phillips, which claim a wide notice and.
the appreciation of the public for their
manifest conveniences to the citizens of
Gadsden, as well as those desiring to buy,
sell, board and feed horses, or hire
horses and vehicles of any kind. This
business was founded in 1884 by Mr. A.
L. Woodlift, who was succeeded by T.
J. Philips, in ]March, 1888. The premises
consist of a brick structure admirably
arranged and equipped for the purpose.
A general livery and boarding business ■
is done, and a large and libei'al patronage
drawn from the best city custom. The
stalls, which are about tifty-two in num-
ber, are all neat, clean and coTufortable.
Besides boarding a great number of
horses, the firm keeps on hand for livery
purposes twenty head of horses; also a
number of mules and horses for sale, to-
gether with a fine line of carriages, bug-
gies, harness and farm wagons. The es-
tablishment is kept in the most perfect
order, which is due to the able manage-
ment of ]\Ir. C. W. Rivenbark, the
efficient and long experienced superin-
tendent.

I\Ir. T. J. Phillips is a native of Lan-
caster, South Carolina, and is a member

Gadsden.

305

-of the Masonic Order. He is a gentle-
man long prominent and highly esteemed
in business circles. In the conduct of
his extensive business he has been ably
assisted by Mr. C W. Eivenbark, to
whose well-directed efforts may be largely
ascribed the continuous success of the
-'• Palmetto Stables."

Furnace.

THE GADSDEN AND ALABAMA
TURN ACE COMPANY.— A business
history of Gadsden without some space
allotted to this enterprise — one of the
greatest and largest known to Gadsden
and the State of Alal^ama — would fall
short of the object of this work, de-
signed, as it is, to reach the thousands of
readers far and near.

The Gadsden and Alabama Furnace
Company, situated exactly one and a
quarter miles from the courthouse, has a
capacity of 100 tons of iron per day.
This company, since its origin, has, under
the able management of its officers, met
with a full measure of success. The fur-
nace is one of the largest in the entire
South. The stoves used are the cele-
brated "Whitney" make and the
machinery is the latest and most im-
proved. Colonel Ellis Col^yar, of Chat-
tanooga, President of the Company, is a
man of fine executive ability.

IMr. George L. iNIorris, of Birmingham,
is Vice President.

]Mr. W. G. Brockway, a gentleman
well known to all in and around Gads-
den, is Secretary. This gentleman is
cashier of the First National Bank of
Gadsden.

The above members of this Company
are all well known as men of the highest
standing and repute, and their immense
business is the outgrowth of energy and
push.

Paint.

METALLIC PAINT COMPANY.—

Among the large and prosperous indus-
trial enterprises of this city is the Gads-
den Metallic Paint Company, manufac-
turers of dry metallic paint. This busi-
ness was founded in 1887, the officers
being R. O. Randall, President ; S. W.
Berger, Vice President ; J. R. Nowlin,
Secretary and Treasurer, and J. E.
Chumley, Superintendent of the mills.
It is generally known that ore is found
in no other locality in the South better
adapted to the manufacture of paint
than that obtainable at Gadsden. The

paint manufactured is pronounced by
the best judges as unrivaled for factories,
cars, bridges, roofing and all structures
exposed to the weather ; therefore, it
finds ready sales throughout the country.
The premises are well arranged and ap-
propriately equipped and the extensive
business gives employment to a corps of
experienced workmen. The house en-
joys an exten.sive and rapidly increasing
Southern trade, and the annual business
is of eminently prosperous aggregate.

Mr. R. 0. Randall is a native of New
York, but has resided in this citv since
1878.

IMessrs. Berger and Nowlin are natives
respectively of Austria and Virginia.
Both gentlemen are prominent dry goods
merchants of this city.

Mr. Chumley removed to this city from
Chattanooga, Tennessee, and is thor-
oughly conversant with the paint trade,
having been for twenty years in the
manufacture of mineral paint. The
Company is popular in commercial circles
and amply qualified, and the members are
conscientious business men, and enjoy
the confidence and esteem of the entire
community.

Lumber.

W. P. LAY.— The lumber trade, like
all other branches of commercial activity,
is well represented in this busy city, the
most prominent establishment in this
line being that of the Gadsden Lumber
Company, W. P. Lay, Manager, manu-
facturer of long leaf yellow pine lumber.
The plant covers an extensive area, and
is located a short distance from the city,
near the river. The saw mill and plan-
ing mills are large and substantial struc-
tures, fully equipped throughout with
the latest improved macliinery, the
motive power being supplied by a pow-
erful engine. The best quality of lum-
ber is manufactured, a specialty being
made of bridge and car lumber, which
are made of well-seasoned timber, and
contribute largely to the supply of a
very extensive trade throughout the
State. All orders are promptly filled on
short notice.

Mr. Lay is a native of Alabama. His
offices are located on Broad street. He
is practically experienced in every de-
tail of the lumber business, and is amply
qualified for conducting the enterprise
to a successful issue. In addition to this
large enterprise he is president of the
Electric Light Company, and is presi-
dent of the Gadsden Hotel Company.

306

North Alabama.

He is managing executor of Mr. W. P.

Hollingsworth's estate, which is vahied
at $250,000. He is an lionored member
of the Knights of Pythias and popularly
numbered among Gadsden's ablest and
most highly respected citizens.

Liquor.

A. YOUNG & CO.— The wholesale
and retail business house of Messrs. A.
Young & Co. has enjoyed an uninter-
rupted career of success and prosperity.
The premises occupied are eligibly lo-
cated, the building being a sj^acious and
commodious brick structure, two stories
high, and fully equipped with all modern
facilities and conveniences. A large,
comprehensive and complete stock is
carried, which comprises every varietj'
of the choicest wines and liquors. The
individual members of the firm are
Messrs. A. Young and J. D. Young.
They are brothers and natives of Etowah
Count}', each being respected members
of the Knights of Pythias. They are
experienced, and are acknowledged the
leading liquor merchants in this city.
They have an enviable reputation in the
community for ability and sound busi-
ness princij^les, reflecting honor upon
themselves, and meriting the confidence
of their fellow-citizens.

Dry Goods, Notions, Etc.

TOLSON BROS.— The extensive busi-
ness now carried on by the firm
name of Tolson Bros, was originally es-
tablished in September, 1886, by Messrs.
PloUingsworth & Tolson. In January,
1888, the partnership was changed by M.
Hollingsworth withdrawing by mutual
consent and Mr. James C. Tolson coming
into the firm. The partners are thor-
oughly conversant with every detail of
their enterprise, and make a study of
pleasing their many customers, causing
their establishment to be the popular
source of supply of a large proportion of
the fashionable gentlemen of Gadsden
and vicinity. Centrally located for busi-
ness purposes their i^remises are con-
veniently and attractively fitted up, and
the order and system pervading their es-
tablishment are a sure index of the busi-
ness methods and ability of the pro-
prietors. The stock is varied and com-
plete, and includes the latest and best
ready-made clothing in the market, suited
to all both in quality and prices. Gents'
iurnishing goods of every description,
omprising the latest novelties and pat-

terns; hats, caps, trunks, etc. Popular-
prices prevail in all things, and polite
and attentive clerks serve customers in-
telligently and promptly.

The individual members of the firm,
Messrs. Joseph B. and James C. Tol-
son, are natives of Mississippi. Mr. J. B.
Tolson is a member of the Knights of
Pythias, and has lived in Gadsden for
thirteen years. Both gentlemen are held
in the highest estimation in social and
commercial circles for their kind and
courteous manners and strict integrity,
and the success obtained is due to their
energy, perseverance and ability.

Furniture.

PHILLIPS, CAMPBELL & CO.—

Among the well-established and pros-
perous business enterprises located in
Gadsden is the furniture and under-
taking establishment of Messrs. Phillips,.
Campbell & Co., successors to J. W.
Phillips. The present partnershija was-
formed in September, 1887, and by able
management has secured a liberal patron-
age. They carry a large stock of furni-
ture, embracing choice parlor, chamber
and diningroom furniture of all styles-
and new designs, chairs, tables, etc.
Everything sold by this firm is guaran-
teed to be well worth the money in in-
vested.

Messrs. Phillips, Campbell & Co., are
practical undertakers. There is no-
profession or calling requiring a more
thorough knowledge of detail than that
of a funeral director or undertaker, and
there isn't a firm in this city more com-
petent to carrj^ on such a business than
the firm now under our consideration.
They possess every facility and all im-
proved appliances for the preservation
of the dead. A large and complete stock
of coflins and caskets, qualities and
prices are furnished with dispatch, and
complete charge of the ceremony of in-
terment undertaken. The M^arerooms
and offices of the house are located in a
two-story brick building and are models
of perfect arrangement.

Mr. J. W. Phillips is a native of Mobile,
Alabama, and formerly clerked in a fur-
niture house in that city. He is a mem-
ber of the Knights of Pythias, and stands
high in commercial and social circles.

Mr. R. C. Campbell is a native of
Meigs County, Tennessee, and is a mem-
ber of the Order of Masons.

Mr. L. B. Saulpaw (the company of the
firm) is a native of Tennessee,, and a •
man of experience.

Gadsden.

307

A review of the business done by this
house shows that it is worthy of sucli
prominent mention, and Gadsden may
justly be proud of such a house as this.
They have a large branch house in An-
niston.

Tinware and Stoves.

H.J. HALLOCK estabhshed this en-
terprise in 1884, since which the business
has annually increased in volume. Eligi-
bly located for his large trade he oc-
cupies a large and conveniently-arranged
storeroom. He has every facility for his
business, which, by reason of fair dealing,
has attained large proportions. The
stock carried consists of all kinds of
heating and cooking stoves, at prices to
suit the wants of all. A full line of tin-
ware is carried in stock. All kinds of
tin and iron work in his line are ex-
ecuted in the best manner.

Mr. Hallock is a native of New York
State, and since his location in Gadsden,
and the establishment of this enterprise,
he has obtained so liberal a share of pub-
lic favor that his ability and integrity
are amply proven.

Mr. Hallock makes a specialty of
selecting the best goods and of pleasing
his patrons. Everything in stock is
guaranteed of best quality, while the
prices (quality considered) are exceed-
ingly low.

Mr. Hallock is a member of the Order
of Masons and a gentleman highly es-
teemed in trade circles. The suljstantial
and rapid progress of his business is but
a natural reSex of his energetic and
capable management and an illustration
of what can be accomplished by business
principles correctly applied.

Paper Hanging, Etc.

R. J. HOGAN.— Among the widely-
known and representative business
houses of Gadsden is that of R. J. Hogan,
located on Broad street, under the John-
son House. The firm is the only and
leading representative in this line of
business in Gadsden. The proprietor is
experienced in the details of his business.
The premises occupied consist of a sub-
stantial brick building, admirably ar-
ranged and equipped with all the needed
facilities for the transaction of business.
Many experienced hands are employed.
The stock carried is the most varied and
comprehensive of any of its line in the
city, and includes the finest and most
artistic products in foreign and domestic

wall paper, window shades, and interior
decorations of all kinds to suit the taste
of all. A full line of moldings is always
kept in stock.

Mr. Hogan thoroughly understands his
business and is prompt in all transac-
tions, making the house a pleasant one
to deal with. He is an energetic and
clear-headed business man and to his
financial integrity and executive ability
may be ascribed the success and standing
of the house.

Liquors.

J. A. HUGHES & CO.— The liquor
trade is an important factor in the jiro-
gress of metropolitan commerce, giving
employment in its prosecution to large
capital and many of its ablest merchants.
A representative city house in this line
is that of Messrs. J. A. Hughes & Co.^
ranking as headquarters for pure and un-
adulterated liquors. The house was es-
tablished in 1874, and since that time
has been conducted with signal ability
and success. The premises consist of a
two-story brick building, and is fully-
equipped with all the modern facilitiea
and conveniences. A complete stock,
including every variety of the choicest
wines and liquors, is kept. Experienced
salesmen are employed, and the business
is both extensive and prosperous. The
memljers of the firm are Messrs. J. A.
Hughes and AV^. L. Echols, who were
born in this city. They possess enviable
reputations in the community, reflecting
credit upon themselves, and meriting
the good will and confidence of their
fellow-citizens. Their fathers were the
first settlers in this city, the father of
Mr. Echols being an eminent physician,
while the father of Mr. Hughes was an
able and successful farmer. Messrs.
Hughes and Echols are members of the
order of the Knights of Pythias. We
take pleasure in thus presenting to our
readers a short sketch of this enterpris-
ing firm.

General Merchandise.

McDUFFIE & CHRISTOPHER, Gen-
eral Merchandise. — One of the represent-
ative mercantile houses of this city in its
line of trade is that of Messrs. McDuffie
& Christopher, dealers in general mer-
chandise. Having but recently estab-
lished the enterprise here, opening in
March, 1887, they have achieved a
marked degree of public favor, owing to-
the general excellence of the merchan-

308

North Alabama.

dise handled and the upright dealings
■which have characterized the transac-
tions of the proprietors. They occupy
admirably located quarters and so numer-
ous are the departments of the enterprise
that many assistants are employed in
the service of patrons. Their salesroom
is supplied with every facility and con-
venience needed in the successful con-
duct of the business, while the varied
and com}n-ehensive stock carried em-
braces dry goods of all kinds, imported
and domestic ; notions, clothing of every
-quality and style ; boots, shoes and hats ;
hardware, groceries, both fancy and
staple, and everything that comes under
the head of general merchandise. The
trade of this house extends throughout
the city and vicinity, and is permanently
established among the best known resi-
dents. Messrs. McDufhe & Christopher
are justly esteemed in social and mer-
cantile circles as capable, exi^erienced
and reliable merchants of the strictest
honor and integrity. They well deserve
the success that has attended their ef-
forts.

Druggist.

J. R. NOWLIN, Druggist and Apoth-
ecary. — This is one of tlie most complete
and reliable pharmacies in Gadsden,
and, for twenty years it has supplied a
large proportion of the population of the
city and vicinity. The premises occu-
pied are advantageously located, and
are fitted up and equipped with all the
facilities and conveniences needed in a
first-class drug establishment. Here
may be found a large and complete as-
sortment of pure and fresh drugs and
•chemicals, druggists' sundries, soaps,
perfumes, toilet articles, paints, oils, etc.,
all sold at reasonables prices. Special
care and attention are given to the com-
pounding of physicians' prescriptions
and family recipes by skillful and ex-
perienced pharmacists. Mr. Nowlin is a
native of Virginia. He is a popular and
widely-known business man, and since
the founding of his business in 1867 he
has held the patronage of the best known
residents of the city and county. Mr.
Nowlin is well -fitted foi the business,
having made a life study of his profes-
sion. The utmost confidence is reposed
in his skill and accuracy as a pharmacist
In the many years of business life in
this city he has gained a leading place
^mong the representative men, and is
held in high esteem by all with whom
he is brought in business contact or pro-

fessional relations. His success in a
business way is the best evidence that
his eflforts are appreciated by the public.

Groceries.

ALEXANDER & HIGHTOWER,
Staple and Fancy Groceries. — It is an in-
variable rule that those merchants who
acquire the greatest popularity have
based their claims to public favor not
only on the superior quality of their
wares, but also upon the sterling busi-
ness principles of honor and probity, to
which double cause is traceable the suc-
cess enjoyed by Alexander & Hightower,
whose retail grocery house was estab-
lished in 1887. The premises occupied
consist of a two-story brick building,
which is admirably arranged and equip-
ped. Here is displayed alarge and care-
fully selected assortmen-t of fancy and
staple groceries from every clime, grain,
hay and bran, which are handled in re-
tail quantities, and contribute largely to
the supply of a w^ell-developed and ex-
tensive trade throughout the city and
adjoining country. There are several
experienced salesmen belonging to this
house, and the permanent trade shows
a steady increase each succeeding month.
Mr. C. L. Hightower is a native of Geor-
gia, was formerly in business at Eufaula,
Alabama, and is a thorough business
man, being a graduate of Moore's Busi-
ness College, Atlanta.

Mr. W. Alexander is a native of Ala-
bama, and was formerly engaged as
bookkeeper for H. Herzberg, which posi-
tion he held for five years. In the late
w'ar he espoused the cause of the South,
and served with gallantry and zeal. Mr.
Alexander is a Mason in high standing.

This firm has an advantage over many
in similar lines of business in having
their store brilliantly lighted at night
with electric light, making purchases
as satisfactory as those of the day. In
their business career they have estab-
lished themselves in the general regard
and confidence of a long list of patrons.

Druggists.

WALKER & LIDDELL.— One of the
most active, enterprising and popular
business firms in Gadsden, is that of
Messrs. Walker & Liddell, druggists.
This enterprise was established in 1887,
and by strict attention, coupled with a
straightforward system of honorable
dealing, they have built up a permanent
trade. Their commodious and admira-

Gadsden.

309

bly arranged store is well located for
business purposes, and admirably ar-
ranged for displaying to advantage a
large stock of drugs, medicines, soaps,
toilet articles, perfumes, etc., and the
neatness and system pervading the es-
tablishment bespeaks the taste and busi-
ness ability of the proprietors.

Absolute accuracy in the compound-
ing of prescriptions is always guaranteed,
and courteous attendance awaits all cus-
tomers at any hour of the day or night.

Mr. P. L. Walker is a native of Bar-
bour County, Alabama, and is a mem-
ber of the order of Masons. He is a man
•of ability, tact and judgment, and an
honor to the profession he has chosen.

Mr. J. B. Liddell is a Georgian by
birth, and since his residence in Gads-
den he has firmly established himself in
the confidence of commercial and social
•circles.

The firm is a representative house in
this line in Gadsden, and are deservedly
successful, having reared a large and fast
increasing business in one year's time.

Hotel.

THE PRINTUP HOUSE.— In review-
ing the many important enterprises of a
city we speak of none of so much vital
interest to the prosperity of the city as
the character of its hotels. The best
hotel here, in its location, beauty and
accommodations, is the Printup House,
established July 5, 1888. Colonel J. T.
Sublett, a native of Richmond, Virginia,
is the proprietor. He has been in the
hotel business nearly all his life, having
been formerly connected with the old
Spotswood Hotel, at Richmond, Vir-
ginia, and also with the Gayoso Hotel,
Memphis, Tennessee. This house is a
handsome specimen of architecture, and
is fitted in the most complete manner
with all modei'n improvements and
lighted with incandescent lights in every
room. There are one hundred sleeping
apartments, well arranged and ventilated ,
and furnished like the rest of the house
with walnut and cherry wood and marble
tops. The seating capacity of the spa-
cious dininghall is one hundred and
twenty-five, the table throughout the
year being laden with the substantials
and delicacies of the season. The kitchen
lias all the newest improvements known.
"With wide halls and attractive entrances,
and occupying the corner, as it does, it
is thoroughly ventilated and has de-
lightful views from all the rooms. The
•double parlors are superbly furnished,

and the entire house is carpeted with
Brussels and Turkish velvet car-
pets. The bridal chamber is second to
none outside New York City, being fur-
nished with the finest walnut furniture
and marble tops. Every bed has wire
woven springs, and every room an elec-
tric fire alarm bell. Bathrooms and
closets on every floor. The house is lo-
cated in the heart of the city. The fine
business abilities of Colonel Sublett can-
not but maintain the already high rep-
utation of the house, constantly on the
up grade. It is an agreeable task for us
to refer our readers, as well as visitors
to the South, to this establishment, in
which we are confident they will receive
all the comforts aud attention which the
most exacting may demand.

Groceries.

W. L. AYCOCK.— One of the most
enterprising and popular business men
in the city is W. L. Aycock, whose well-
stocked grocery is headquarters for
everything in his line of trade. The
business was established in 1876, and by
strict attention, coupled with a straight-
forward system of honorable dealing, he
has received a large and permanent pat-
ronage. The store is a large two-story
brick building, and fitted up in the most
attractive manner. The stock of mer-
chandise is large and complete, embrac-
ing a full assortment of fancy and staple
gi'oceries, teas, coffees, spices, canned
goods, foreign and domestic fruits, coun-
try produce, etc. Mr. Aycock deals only
in goods of the highest grades, and pur-
chasers are guaranteed that supplies ob-
tained from him can be relied upon in
every particular.

He is a native of Georgia, and is a
Mason of high standing. During his
long business career in this city he has
won the esteem of all with whom he has
had business dealings.

His facilities for transacting business
are of an unusually complete character,
enabling him to ofler special advantages
to customers, and to execute all orders
promptly and in a satisfactory manner.

Groceries.

FULLER & CHADWICK.— The un-
usual degree of success which has been
achieved since the establishment of this
popular and reliable grocery and provis-
ion house warrants the assertion that it
fairly bounded into public favor, and has
become a worthy representative of the

310

North Alabama.

trade by reason of the general excellence
of the food products handled, and the
moderate prices at which they may be
obtained. In 1887 Messrs. A. T. Fuller
and James M. (Jhadwick established the
business, and their ably directed efforts
have met with remarkable success. They
occupy a substantial two-story brick
building, located first door east of the
postoffice. Here may be found a varied
and comprehensive assortment of staple
and fancy groceries, including all the
delicacies of the season, and a large va-
riety of confectioneries ; also a stock of
corn, hay, bran, tobacco and cigars, all
of which may be purchased at prices
which compare favorably with those of
metropolitan houses. A widely extended
and liberal patronage has been secured
throughout the city and vicinity.

Messrs. Fuller and Chadwick are na-
tives respectively of Georgia and Ten-
nessee. They are prominent figures in
city trade circles, and are respected and
esteemed as Gadsden's representative
business men.

Mr. Chadwick is a member of the Ma-
sonic Order, and is now conducting an
extensive brick business in this city.

Architect.

WM. H. WILLETT, Architect and
Superintendent.— A decided revolution
has occurred in the construction and
architecture of imblic buildings and
private dwellings. Among the most
prominent and representative architects
may be mentioned the name of Wm. H.
Willett, who commenced the active prac-
tice of his profession in this city in 1887,
and is widely known as a practical archi-
tect of unusual talent and originality.
His offices are located at No. 7 Herzberg
Block. He has prepared plans and
superintended the erection of many
notable buildihgs in the city and vicinity,
and likewise many of the most splendid
private dwellings.

Mr. Willett resided for many years
in England, and when a young man de-
voted himself entirely to the study of his
profession in all its details, and is an
architect of ability. He is fully pre-
pared to promptly carry out any archi-
tectural undertaking with that intelli-
gent apprehension of design which makes
his efforts so highly appreciated. He
designed and superintended elegant
buildings and dwellings for Sir George
Elliott, M. P., James Eankin, Esq., M.
P., James Tynte, A. Gardner, M. P., and
various others, and was until recently

a member of the Society of Architects-.
of England, the Western Association
of Architects, and Alabama State As-
sociation of Architects. For many years
he was Professor of Scientific Building-
under the English government. South
Kensington, and was Professor of Archi-
tecture at the School of Art in Hereford,.
England, etc. He is held in the highest
estimation by the entire community, and
has achieved a prominence in his profes-
sion second to none in the State.

Jeu/elry.

R. 0. RANDALL.— This well-known'
jewelry and queensware house was
founded in November, 1886, and its ca-
reer has been one of uninterrupted and
complete success. The house occupied.
is eligibly located, and is most tastefully
and conveniently fitted up and arranged
for the display of the large and varied
stock carried. The substantial brick
building is two stories high. The stock
carried embraces all the new and most,
elegant i')roductions of the jewelers' and
silversmiths' art, and, in fact, all the-
fancy goods and novelties to be found in-
a first-class jewelry establishment, a spe-
cialty being made of diamonds and
watches. In addition to this immense-
stock, a varied assortment of china^
glass and queensware is carried.

Mr. Randall is a native of New York^
but has resided in Gadsden since 1858^
He is a practical watchmaker by trade^
and stands at the head of the trade in
this city, carrying the most extensive
stock and transacting the largest busi-
ness, and is regarded with esteem and
consideration by all with whom he is
brought in contact. He is a member of
the Masonic order, also of the Knights
of Honor. His business policy is just
and libei-al, resulting naturally in the
marked success that has attended his-
operations.

Groceries.

FLETCHER BROS. & HOLCOMBE^
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Staple
and Fancy Groceries Etc.— In this pro-
gressive age, with competition in all
lines of business so energetic as to call
into active exertion the best business-
talent, unceasing perseverance and in-
domitable energy are necessary to suc-
cess. One of the largest and best known
firms in this city is that of Messrs-
Fletcher Bros. & Holcombe, wholesale
and retail dealers in staple and fancy

Gadsden.

311

groceries, provisions, grain, hay, bran,
produce, etc. The business was inaugu-
rated July 1, 1887, and has enjoyed a
career of marked prosperity. The prem-
ises occupied consist of a handsome brick
building two stories in height, and no
house in Gadsden trade carries a more
ample stock or possesses better facilities
for the transaction of business. The in-
dividual members of the firm are Messrs.
J. L. Fletcher, W. L. Fletcher and J. H.
Holcombe, the two former gentlemen
being natives of Alabama, and the latter
of Georgia. They possess admirable
business qualities, and are eminently
qualified to stand in the foremost ranks
of this line of trade in Gadsden. By
strict adherence to purpose, unremitting
exercise of brain, and steady application
to business, thej' have achieved a marked
success, and have won for themselves
and their house a high reputation.

Groceries.

POPE & CASSELS.— Located on Gads-
den's main thoroughfare, in the center
of trade, is the wholesale and retail gro-
cery establishment of Messrs. Pope &
Cassels. The enterprise was established
in 1887, has been managed with consum-
mate ability, and has a steadily increas-
ing trade. The large two-story brick
building, Phoenix Block, Broad street, is
the location of this establishment, where
they occupy a conveniently arranged
salesroom. The stock of fine staple and
fancy groceries is the most comprehen-
sive in the city, and the trade of the
house requiring frequent replenishment,
the goods are necessarily fresh. Choice
teas, coffees, sugars, syrups, condiments,
canned goods and delicacies of every kind
are to be obtained here in wholesale or
retail lots at lowest rates. The fullest
confidence in the quality of merchan-
dise and the integrity of the firm is
abundantly justified. The trade of this
house is extensive, extending through-
out Northern Alabama, and by the low
prices obtained here, and the push and
energy of the firm, is rapidly increasing.

Mr. W. B. Pope is a native to the
manor born, and in trade circles he is
an esteemed young man of worth and
unquestioned integrity ; a successful,
enterprising, representative merchant.

Mr. T. M. Cassels is a native of At-
lanta and has made his home there the
greater portion of his life. He is ac-
counted among the foremost representa-
tive merchants of that city.

Foundry, Etc.

GADSDEN FOUNDRY AND MA-
CHINE AV0RK8, Office Corner Broad
and Second streets. — For nine years, or
since the time of the establishment of
this industry, the volume of trade has
increased rapidly, keeping full pace with
the prosperous growth of the city. The
machinery now in use is all new and of
the most improved and modern pattern.
Prominent business men and capitalists
are interested in this enterprise. The
company has a fine plant which covers
a large area of land, conveniently loca-
ted. The various departments employ
a large number of hands. The castings
of the company have achieved a wide
reputation for temper, uniform quality
and perfect finish.

Mr. Flynn, the President, is a native
of Madison County, Indiana. He is a
Mason, and has long been prominent ia
business circles.

Mr. Hagen, Secretary and Treasurer,
is a native of Denmark. He is a Knight
of Honor and a Knight of Pythias, and
ably fills the responsible position he
holds. The officers have reason to be
proud of this business policy, for it has
achieved a solid success, and as in the
pa.st, so in the future, their work will be
found in the van as regards excellence
and adaptability of products to purposes
required.

Hotel.

JOHNSON HOUSE, Thos. L. Johnson
&Co., Proprietors. — Gadsden is noted for
her well-kept hotels, and it goes with-
out saying that the Johnson House is
among the best in the city.

This hotel was formerly called the
Tennessee House, but in October, 1887,
Messrs. Thos. L. Johnson & Co. pur-
chased the property and changed the
name. The building has been thoroughly
renovated and refurnished, and many
new improvements added. The build-
ing is a handsome brick structure, two
stories, and located on Broad street. The
house has ample accommodations for
one hundred guests.

The rooms are clean, -well ventilated,
well lighted and attractively furnished.

The cuisine is a special feature, and is
equal to any in North Alabama, the tables
at all times being supplied with the deli-
cacies of the season.

The Johnson is headquarters for trav-
eling salesmen, who receive special atten-
tion and special rates. Large sample

312

North Alabama.

rooms are always at their disposal.
The service is both polite and attentive,
and the proprietors in their management
leave nothing undone which can in any
way contribute to the comfort and pleas-
ure of the guests. Their aim is to here
provide all the comforts of a home.

Mr. Thos. L. Johnson and brother, J.
C. Johnson, are Alal>amians, and possess
that admirable feeling of kindly hospi-
tality which characterize the people of
this State. The immediate management
of the hotel is under Mr. J. C. Johnson,
and it is scarcely necessary to say that
it is in excellent keeping. Mr. Johnson
understands well the art of pleasing,
and his affable and genial nature makes
him popular with both the citizens and
the traveling public.

Mr. Thos. L. Johnson resides in
Atlanta, Georgia, where he has exten-
sive business interests. He is a man of
great strength of character and superior
business ability, full of energy, and has
made a success of everything he has ever
undertaken.

Under the joint guidance of these two
gentlemen the Johnson House will con-
tinue to increase in popular favor.

Jewelry.

JOHN B. RODEN & CO.— The larg-
est house of the kind in this city is
that of Messrs. John B. Roden & Co.,
wholesale and retail dealers in jewelry,
watches, musical instruments, books,
stationery, etc.

The business was established in 1882,
and has won a large share of public fa-
vor, and is the center of a discriminat-
ing patronage. The premises occupied
consist of a handsome brick building,
two stories high, and besides being eli-
gibly located, are elegantly furnished
throughout, and supplied with every im-
provement. The beautiful and artistic
jewelry handled has been selected with
the utmost care, and include a full line
of watches of the most celebrated manu-
facture, all of which are guaranteed to
be strictly as represented.

The departments devoted to the dis-
play of musical instruments, books, sta-
tionery, etc., contain a complete assort-
ment of everything in this line.

The individual members of the firm,
Mr. John B. Roden and Mr. Edgar
Welsh, have had long and practical ex-
perience in the details and requirements
of the trade.

Mr. Roden resides in Birmingham,
where he is identified with two exten-

sive business enterprises, standing as
one of the foremost of the city mer-
chants in his line.

Mr. Welsh resides in Gadsden, and
ably conducts the business for the firm.
He stands at the head of the trade in
this city, carrying the most extensive
stock, and transacting the largest busi-
ness, and is regarded with esteem by the
entire community.

Hardware.

OTTO AGRICOLA.— This most im-
portant industry is ably represented by
the gentleman whose name heads this
article. The house was first known under
the name of Anderson & Agricola. In
1887 the partnership was dissolved, and
Mr. Agricola took the entire proj^rietor-
ship. Under his efficient direction the
business has assumed such importance
that it can be safely stated as one of
the leading enterprises in this line in the
city.

The building occupied is eligibly lo-
cated, and consists of two floors,
fitted up with everything necessary to
the successful conduct of the enterprise.

Mr. Agricola carries a large and com-
prehensive stock of hardware, etc., em-
bracing stoves, ranges, grates and man-
tels of many styles and prices ; wood-
enware, glassware and crockery to suit
the taste and wants of all ; iron pipe
and fittings, granite, ironware and the
novelties that come under this head.

Mr. Agricola is also largely engaged in
the manufacture of tin, sheet iron and
copper wares, roofing, guttering, cornice
work, plumbing, steam, gas and water
fitting, and has made the lowest possible
prices on all his products. He is a na-
tive of Georgia, and is accounted in
trade circles a representative, responsi-
ble, leading merchant. He is a member
of the order of Odd Fellows, and a man
of sterling worth and integrity, and justly
merits the prosperity that is attending
his energetic efforts. He makes a point
of always being prompt and reliable, and
fills all orders with accuracy and dis-
patch. The utmost confidence can be
placed in the judgment, business
methods and ability of this house.

Groceries.

J. T. RICH.— In 1886, Mr. J. T. Rich

established the business which has placed
him at the head of one of the leading
mercantile houses in this line in the city.
The store occupies an eligible business

Gadsden.

313

site. Here may be found a varied and
comprehensive assortment of the deli-
cacies of the season, foreign and domes-
tic canned goods, jellies, teas, cofiees,
spices, etc., also all kinds of feed, includ-
ing grain, bran hay, etc., and provisions
of all descriptions, tobacco of all the
■well known brands, also cigars to please
the most fastidious. A widely extended
and liberal family ]>atronage has been
secured throughout the city and vicinity,
and a specialty is made of the prompt
filling of all orders.

Mr. Rich is a native of Georgia, and is
a Mason. Mr. W. W. Rich, his father,
served in the second Mexican campaign,
and also was in the cavalry wing of Gen-
eral Lee's army, being under Generals
Young and Hampton. Since his location
in Gadsden he and his son have become
identified with tlie most prominent and
respected business men, and in every
particular hold the respect and esteem
of business circles.

Real Estate.

J. H. WILEY, Real Estate Agent,
Stock and Bond Broker. — The active de-
mand existing for Southern land, city
real estate, etc., indicates how remuner-
ative are judicious investments in this
line. The responsible firm of J. H.
AViley, successor to J. H. Wiley & Co.,
is a recognized authority on lands and
city and county realty of every descrip-
tion, and those relying on his sound
judgment and judicious advice will se-
cure remunerative investments. He has
an intimate personal knowledge of the
mineral belt of Alabama, and offers for
sale at low prices choice selections of
mineral, timber and farming lands. He
also maives a specialty of city property.
He attends to the negotiation of loans on
land and mortgage, the collection of
rents and general care of property, while
as stock broker he is prepared to buy
and sell on commission all descriptions
of marketable securities.

Mr. Wiley is a native of Louisiana, and
is identified with the Masonic order.

Merchandise.

J. B. PRICE, Dealer in General Mer-

chandse. Among the representative

houses in this line that of Mr. J. B. Price
takes a higli rank. Tlie business was
established by that gentleman March 1,
1886, and under his enterjirising and

liberal policy has grown to be a leading
establishment in this particular branch
of trade. The premises consist of a fine
one-story brick structure, and is most
admirably arranged for the display of
the immense stock carried. The stock
embraces a full and complete assortment
of dry goods, notions, groceries, tobacco,
cigars, etc., all of which are purchasable
at prices not duplicated elsewhere.

Mr. Price is a native of Georgia, but
has long resided in this city. Honor-
able and thoroughly reliable in all his
dealings, he has built up an enviable
reputation, and has acquired a rapidly
increasing patronage. Few establish-
ments in this city or elsewhere
command a wider acquaintance, or a
more extensive and favorable reputation
than does this of J. B. Price, and cer-
tainly no other house in this line wields
a more powerful influence in favor of the
commercial welfare of Gadsden.

Bakery.

THE QUEEN CITY BAKERY.—

The Queen City Bakery is one of the
many enterprises which give life to the
mercantile enterprises of Gadsden. The
business is OAvned and controlled by Mr.
W. R. Zech, who succeeded A. L. Dupre.
Since the present proprietor's manage-
ment began, in 1888, the establishment
has acquired a reputation second to none
for the general excellence of the mex'-
chandise handled, and the reasonable
prices at which the food product may be
obtained.

Mr. Zech is an extensive manufacturer
of bread, cakes, rolls, etc., and also deals
in canned goods, and carries a select line
of tobacco and cigars.

His store and icecream saloon are eligi-
bly located, and consist of an apartment
attractively fitted up, and in which the
stock is temptingly displayed.

Mr. Zech is a native of Kentucky, and
is numliered among Gadsden's most
highly respected business men.

In addition to his regular stock he has
an apartment handsomely fitted up
where he serves ice cream, water ices,
fruits, etc. He makes a specialty of
catering for families, parties, weddings,
picnics, etc., and furnishes refreshments,
cream, etc., on short notice, and at lowest
prices. Mr. Zech has made the Queen
City Bakery and Ice Cream Parlors the
most popular resort in Gadsden.

PLAN OF THE

STATE OF ALABAMA

Showing the Position of

TUSCALOOSA

EXPLANATIONS ,

Coal Areas
Red Iron Ore Ridges.
^ <^ Brown Iron Ore Beds.

'- Broken lines inclose townships wherein are
situated the mineral lands belonging to the
Tuscaloosa Coal, Iron and Land Co.

And its Railway Conueetions.
Also the

Direct River Communication

between the neighboring Mineral

Regions and the GULF of MEXICO.

Scale 100 miles to one inch.

18S7

I.B Fole*r Eng Clo.

I OCATION

Tuscaloosa is situated upon a high, level and well-drained plateau at the
liead of navigation on the Warrior River. It has an abundant supply of the

purest water, and the healthfulness of the locality is proverbial. To the south
:.3tretches the broad alluvial bottoms of the Warrior River, whose fertile acres

yield the finest crops of corn, hay and cotton, while to the north lies the great

Warrior Coal Field, which is now just on the eve of a mighty development.
In fact, the city itself, to use the strong language of Prof. Henry McCalley,

Assistant State Geologist of Alabama, in his report upon the AVarrior Coal
Tield, "stands on the greatest thickness of coal measures in the known world,
-and in thickness of coal second only to that of AVest Virginia."

E CITY

Tuscaloosa is a place of more than 5,000 inhabitants. During the past
two years its population has greatly increased; many new and handsome
buildings have been erected; many private manufacturing and commercial
•enterprises have been inaugurated ; a street car line has been , built from the
Alabama Great Southern Depot to Castle Hill Park ; a belt railway with steam
motor has been constructed and is now in operation ; the new railroad, the
Tuscaloosa Northern, is under construction into the mineral and timber lands
north of the city; a complete system of waterworks is being put in, and this
.spirit of progress is still active.

)OSITION AND RESOURCES

Most of the towns of Northern Alabama are busily engaged in demon-
.strating to the world at large the special advantages they possess. All these
towns and cities realize the fact that to insure that immigration which will
prove the upbuilding of the place, such advantages as each possess must be
made known and widely advertised. It then remains for those people who

Tuscaloosa. 317"

are attractedjby these advertisements to investigate for themselves as to the
truth or falsity of the claims made.

And here we strike the key-note of the policy guiding the development at
Tuscaloosa. Startling as have been, in many instances, the claims made for
this city during a year of active and wide-spread advertising, it is the boast of
the city that not a claim has been made that has not its foundation on fact,
and not a statement advanced that cannot be substantiated in every particular.

First. She claims to be the Pittsburg of the South.

Second. She claims to be the best point in the State for the manufacture
of any article consuming wood, iron and coal.

Third. She claims to be the most inviting point of residence in the State.

Fourth. She claims to have educational facilities superior to any other
town in the South.

Fifth. She claims to have the best coal and iron ore in the Warrior field .

HE SOUTHERN PITTSBURG

Every schoolboy knows what and where Pittsburg is and what are its
distinctive features. It is the commercial and manufacturing center of the-
great Pennsylvania coal and iron fields. Further than this, it is that center-
by reason of the fact that it is situated at the headwaters of the only river
leading to the large consuming markets for her staples. Before railroads were
the Ohio River had set the seal of supremacy upon that city, and since her
numerous roads have been constructed it still continues her chief avenue of
trade,Por despite the fact that she has railroads reaching to the four bounds of
the Union, she still continues to load her barges for Cincinnati, Louisville,
St. Louis and New Orleans. No one will deny that the presence of the Ohio-
River.' at!her door has made it possible for such a city to be, for all persons
know that coal and iron are essentially water freights.

AVhen, therefore, we are led to expect another Pittsburg to rise on the
business horizon, we must, of course, look for it where Nature has formed the
some combination that has enabled that city to become what it is. That is,
we must find a spot where coal and iron in inexhaustible quantities are found
in a territory drained by a navigable river. Not a river that is but the arm of
the greater, and that leads to markets already the legitimate field of that
larger stream's trafiic, but one that is in and of itself, one of the main arteries-
of a continent. When we look for such a spot. North, South, East, or West,.
we find one, and one only.

HE WARRIOR RIVER

The AVarrior River, at the head of navigation of which Tuscaloosa is situ-
ated, is the only river touching the AVarrior CoalFeld. Of the wonderful rich-
ness of the AA''arrior field (and especially in its southern part) in coal, iron

Tuscaloosa. 319

'Ore and timber, we need not speak, as it is now a matter of imiversal knowl-
edge. But we do wish to call attention to the "Warrior River, which has been
for long ages rolling its water idly to the sea, waiting the opjiortunity to prove
its mighty power as a factor in the development of the wonderful mineral
wealth of Northern Alabama. The time and opportunity are at hand. This
river connects the producing point at Tuscaloosa with the consuming and
■distributing point at Mobile. It assures a satisfactory answer to the clam-
oring demand for fuel now rising from the West Indies, Central America, and
the entire Gulf and Southern Atlantic coasts, and it demonstrates the possi-
bility of suj^plying the Pacific slope with cheap iron. To bring the argument
home, and to give it a local and therefore more pertinent force, it assumes —
and at no distant day — the entire reconstruction of the coal and iron trade of
New Orleans. And this it is that makes of Tuscaloosa — this combination of
-coal, iron and water — the Pittsburg of the South.

S A MANUFACTURING POINT

Next to the necessary supply of raw material, the most important consid-
«eration to the manufacturer's or producer's mind is the market or points of
•consumption. As to the raw material at Tuscaloosa we need only mention,
en passant, the great coal, iron and timber region to the north, and the pro-
ti active and fertile country to the south and west. Her market is all the ter-
ritory south of the Tennessee River, reaching from ocean to ocean. In this
-connection it is well to bear in mind that to most of this territory you can
.have an all-water route, and what is more to the point, an all-water rate.

S A PLACE OF RESIDENCE

The right of Tuscaloosa to make strong claims on this point was estab-
lished in those ante-hellum days when it was the home of the wealthy planter
and the social center of the State. Much has been written of her broad streets,

iShaded by triple rows of gigantic oaks, her grand old residences, etc., and in

slanguage none too strong.

Rutin this age of the "New South" we have to do with the practical
rather than the poetical, and it is more to our purpose to mention that. Occu-
pying a plateau or high bluff above the river, it is well drained and healthy,

;and has an abundant supply of pure water. Next to health comes society,
.and here the city ranks with the highest. The high moral and literary tone
is such as is found in all cities that have been so many years the center of

<education.

Tuscaloosa. 321

N EDUCATIONAL CENTER

Tuscaloosa 2")oints witli pardonable jiride to her schools. The State Uni-
versity, with magnificent buildings, spacious grounds, and a rich endowment,
is located here. The nundier of pupils enrolled is large, and the grade of
scholarship is high. The institution is under able and experienced instructors.
The city has also two flourishing colleges for young ladies, a high school for
boys, and splendid graded public schools. The entire State sends its sous and
daughters to this i:)oint for education.

rOAL AND IRON ORE

Coal is mined within the city limits, and within less than ten miles of the
city numerous veins, from four to seven feet in thickness, have been opened
at the outcroppings. From these veins coal was taken which produced coke
of such quality as could (and did) win for Tuscaloosa, at the Piedmont Expo-
sition, the diploma for " the best furnace coke." She was also so honored
with regard to " blacksmith's coal," and this, in competition with the entire
Alabama mineral field. It has been satisfactorily demonstrated that coal of this
character exists in inexhaustible quantities, and near at hand.

On the line of the Alabama Great Southern Railroad, sixteen miles from
Tuscaloosa, there has been opened up a vein of red iron ore over sixteen feet
in thickness, which assays forty-seven per cent. iron. Within five miles, on
the same line of railroad, are great quantities of brown ore, while limerock of
high grade is just at hand. We have the authority of learned geologists for
the statement that both the coal and iron of the Warrior field improve in
quality as they run to the south.

NDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BUILT

AND UNDER CONTRACT

Tuscaloosa Cotton Mills, value about $80,000 ; employ 145 hands.
Tuscaloosa Yarn Mills, value $15,000 ; employ 35 hands.
Tuscaloosa Street Railway, completed and in operation to Lake Lorraine,
Tuscaloosa Cotton Seed Oil Company, value $40,000 ; 40 hands.
Tuscaloosa Brick and Tile Company, value $25,000 ; 50 hands.
Tuscaloosa Foundry and Manufacturing Company, value $25,000 ; 12
hands.

Warrior Foundry and Machine Works, value $2,500 ; 4 hands.

322 North Alabama.

Robt. Wilson, Grist Milt and Wool Carding, value f 4,00().

Suspender Factory, value $2,000 ; 5 hands.

Davis & Daniel icoL), Brick Yard, value 16,000 ; 11 Lands.

Taylor ct Turner (col.), Brick Yard, value $1,000 ; 1.3 hands.

The Tuscaloosa Manufacturing Company, paid-up capital of $90,000; 7,500
spindles, 240 looms, 275 hands ; makes 750,000 pounds yarn and 3,600,000 yarda
plaids, checks, and stripee per year.

The Tuscaloosa Northern Railway.

The Friedman Furnace, capital stock $300,000.

Warrior Brick and Building Company ; 20 employees.

W. F. Adams <k Co., Brick Yard ; 18 employees.

Tuscaloosa Cotton Seed Oil Mills, Cotton Gin, value $5,000. There is but
one other cotton gin in the country of equal excellence with this one.

G. T. Ingraham, Lumber, Coal and Wood Yard.

The Tuscaloosa Building and Loan Association, capital stock, $200,000.

Tuscaloosa Belt Line, steam motor, passenger and freight traffic. Supplies
all purchased. Line will be in operation in November.

Macon & Tuscaloosa Railway. Charter recently amended to Macon, Tus-
caloosa i& Birmingham Railroad.

The Tuscaloosa Coal, Iron and Land Company has erected a number of
houses for sale and rent, and •will build more.

A new hotel, constructed of brick, four stories, is now approaching
completion.

The Merchants' National Bank is just completing a new building, pressed
brick and terra cotta, one of the handsomest banking houses in the South.

A large and commodious public school building is also building.

The Allen & Jemison Company, Lumber Yard and Planing Mill.

Tuscaloosa Electric Light, Ice and Power Company, capital stock, $30,000.

We may add, in conclusion, that Tuscaloosa is just now on the eve of
greater developments than she has yet imagined, and has, by reason of her
unusual natural advantages, a great future. — J. B. McCroarty.

Sketches of Prominent Business Firms.

Hospital.

ALABAMA INSANE HOSPITAL.—

The Alabama Insane Hospital is an es-
tablishment known throughout the State
and the entire Union, being, from its
immense number of patients, its mag-
nificent proportions and its complete in-
dependence from outside resources, " a
city within itself." It was completed
and opened for patients in Julj^ ISGO,
and has cost the State from first to last
over half a million dollars.

Tliere are 78.3 white patients in the
present building (witli room enough left
for a hundred more), and a new building
nearly completed, wliicii will accommo-
date (in addition to the above), 250 ne-
groes, for which class it has been spe-
cially built. The dimensions of the mam-
moth central building are 60x200 feet,
it being built of brick and four stories
high, with a high dome and wings three
stories liigh.

The central building has tliirty large
rooms, as well as a most elegant chapel,
the wings containing twenty-four halls or
wards, and five hundred dormitories for
the use of patients. Every accommoda-
tion known to a city is made use of in
the most liberal way. Everything
wanted is made on the premises, in the
way of buildings in connection with the
hospital, and beds, doors, sash, etc. A
fine steam laundry of brick, and two
stories, is on the grounds. A new bak-
ery has been built with all the latest ap-
proved machinery. The waterworks and
fire service are as complete as man can
make thorn, there l)eing two reservoirs,
the largest of which holds a million gal-
lons. The smaller reservoir has two

Worthington steam pumps worked in
connection with it, which are capable of
forcing 1,000 gallons of water per minute
through an eight-inch cast-iron pipe,
which entirely surrounds the building.
A hose is always ready for use in the
hospital. The water used is of the finest
freestone springs. Outside the hospital
is a large barn, as well as stables and
sheds, built of brick. Also a large li-
brary and dancing room are provided for
patients' use, a dance being held twice a
week. Billiard rooms and ten pin alleys,
too, have been made for their amusement.
Thus it will be seen nothing in the way of
recreation and amusement is left undone
for the patients.

Dr. Peter Bryce, Superintendent and
head physician, is a native of Columbia,
South Carolina, and for twenty-eight
years has been at the head of this hos-
pital. He was educated at Charleston,
graduating in 1855 at Charleston Mili-
tary Academy. He is a man of energy,
firmness, and sees that all things are car-
ried out to the letter in the hospital.

Dr. Bryce is a most popular gentle-
man, which is only natural, as he never
fails to give a hearty welcome to all visit-
ors to the hospital. He isPresident of the
State Historical Society and of the State
Medical Association, and member of the
State Board of Health. He was, it should
be mentioned, summoned by the Gov-
ernment to give his opinion as an ex-
pert in the famous Guiteau trial.

The steward, Mr. W. C. Perkins, long
connected with this establishment, has
proven himself a most valuable officer
in his economical administration of the
finances of the hospital.

MERCHANTS' NATIONAL BANK BUILDING.

Tuscaloosa.

325

Bank.

THE MERCHANTS' NATIONAL
BANK. — This flourishing bank com-
Tuenced business May 5, 1887. The bank
building is an ornate three-storied brick
•structure. This building, by general
•consent, is one of the handsomest in the
city, having a beautiful stone, terra cotta
and pressed brick front, while the inte-
rior is beautifully finished with natural
woods.of Alabama. The bank is located
as centrally as possible on Broad street.
The capital stock is $100,000.

The following officers and directors
have charge of the business, and consti-
tute the general management: Presi-
dent, George A. Searcy ; Vice President,
B. Friedman ; Cashier, W. R. Foster.

Directors : Alonzo Hill, T. C". McCar-
Tey, J. Collier Foster, H. M. Somerville,
W. C. Jemison, T. N. Hays, Geo. A.
■Searcy, B. Friedman, and E. U. C. Snow.

Mr. Searcy, the President, was born
in Tuscaloosa.

Mr. B. Friedman, Vice President, is a
member of Friedman & Loveman's large
■dry goods store.

Mr. W. R. Foster, Cashier, is also a
native of Tuscaloosa.

This bank stands high, owing to the
financial ability and splendid business
capacities of its officers.

Bank.

THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF
TUSCALOOSA.— The First National
Bank of Tuscaloosa was established in
1871. The capital stock is $60,000, and
-the surplus $18,000. City collections are
made without charge. The officers in
charge are Messrs. Frank S. Moody,
President, and John Little, Jr., Cashier.

Both of these gentlemen were born in
Tuscaloosa, and are gentlemen long
prominent and highly respected in com-
mercial circles, where their names are
synonymous with the sterling princi-
ples of financial integrity, enterprise and
executive ability.

Boots and Shoes.

PERKINS & NICOLSON.— A leading
concern of its kind in Tuscaloosa is
Messrs. Perkins & Nicolson, dealers in
boots and shoes.

The premises occupied are spacious
and well adapted to the business. These
enterprising gentlemen, since they be-
gan their business career here, have met
with fine success. They do a large re-
tail business with the best classes in the
22

city. Patrons can rely on their large
practical experience, good judgment and
excellent business methods. Their goods
are of the most durable, elegant and easy
fitting makes, and at remarkably reason-
able rates.

Mr. Perkins was born in Tuscaloosa,
and is a member of the Knights of
Honor.

Mr. Nicolson, his partner, is likewise
a native of the city.

Honorable and thoroughly reliable in
all their dealings, they have built up an
enviable reputation and acquired a large
and rapidly increasing patronage.

Bank.

J. H. FITTS & CO.— One of the most

substantial and best conducted private
banking houses in the South is that of
J. H. Fitts & Co. It was established in
1865, at the close of the war, by Mr. J.
H. Fitts, the well-known and much es-
teemed president. Possessing ample
capital it can meet any demand which
may be made upon it, and the confidence
which is felt in it is shown by the yearly
increasing business transacted. The capi-
tal is $50,000; surplus and profits, $12,-
000, and individual responsibility over
and above capital $200,000. This bank
gives special attention to collections
throughout the United States, returns
being made promptly.

Mr. J. H. Fitts, a native of Alabama,
is the President, the other member be-
ing his son, Mr. W. F. Fitts, also a native
of Alabama, who has, like his father,
been reared in this business, and, there-
fore, is well qualified for his present
position, that of cashier. With the re-
sources at its command and the energy
and business capacity of its officers, there
practically is no limit to the business of
the firm.

Groceries.

F. R. GAUDIN.— This ably-conducted
and well-stocked store was established
February 1, 1886, and has enjoyed a re-
markable degree of popularit}' and suc-
cess, owing to the choice variety and
high grades of the goods carried. The
grocery house of Mr. F. R. Gaudin is ad-
vantageously located in the center of the
city, where "he occupies a large two-story
brick building. Here may be found a
varied and comprehensive assortment of
family groceries, confectioneries, fruits
and produce, ice-cold soda and mineral
waters. Goods are delivered free to any

336

SOKTH AT-A«4if»

part ci the otr. The pennanent tnfde
ot the hoase is extended, bein^ both
liberal and sab^anml in its character.

>[r. Gaodin is a native of Molnle. bat
hag becm a resident of Tneealooea Eaffie>-
iontlT long to become identified with its
leading bosiress men.

hi$ manj cast«ners. The woik. m his
asEistants fe done onder his pcrsooal
sapervision. Custom vork C4 all kinds
is execnted to coxier. Hr. Dershide h^
alwaj? be«n the fivorite tailor of the
va-ieie here. He uses only the West
Point Govenunem standard cadiet gi«J,
acd Dcakes a perfect di. In fact, astn-ient
is no? cc»nsidered a* /«i: who is not
dressed irom his estaHishmeci. He does
any and all kinds of n^ilitary vork and
keep^ a toil asg«:>rtmeiu of military fur-
nishings.

Photographer.

W. E. MaGEEL— A leading and sne-
cesEfol estaUishment is that of W. £.
llagee, article photographer, vhoee
veU-eqnipped art etodio is located <Ht
;^oaMl street. The hnsiness vas estab-
lished in 1SS4. The premises are handr
some, incloduig large printing, dressing-
rooms, etc. The reception pariois, studio
and operating rooms are handsiMDi^
fitted up Tith a Tiev to the o(»nfott and
conrenience oi patnHt& Hr. Magee
copies and enlarges old pictures, inTaii-
ably with success, and photograpte direct
i by new process on ^k handkadbiefe,
lamp shades, etc.

He was bom in Miasisappi, and is an
artist of recognixed ability, and has wtm
an excellent reputation K>r the saperi«»'
merit of work executed by him. He is
a popular and well-known business man,
en joying the patronage of the best known
reskients ol city and country.

Taihtr.

J. DEESHIDK— An extensTe and
pro6pen>as bosines? is that carried on
by Mr. J. Dershide. a natiTe <rf Ger-
many. His store is located on Main
street in the center of the business por-
tion of the oity. It was establisbed in
ls^7. >Ir. Dershide is a practical tailor,
and is thorooehty experienced. He has
been in the tailors' business fear many
years, and gives g<eneral satfexacti<>n to

-Primtimg.

JL L BrBTOX-— One <rf the thriTing^
finns in Tuseaiioci^a is that of Mr. M. L
Barton, artistic printer and dealer in
noTclties, statiooery, hdidaT goods, and

I presoits for old and yoon^

^ Mr. Burton is a native ci ToBcalooea^
He established his pcintii^ boaness in
ISTo. and his stationery departmmt in

II ISS^ Of each baaness he has, by his

I badness ability and industry, met with
soceesB. He makes a specialty ot oram-

' mental printing, and ha^ a full stock of
the faehitHiaUe material for fine job
printing. He always keeps a full line of
note paper, envelopes, papet(»ies, risife-
ing cards, r^ret cards, everythintg in tlie-
stationety line, pens, ink, pencils, al-

' boms, TisK, etc. He prints books, let-
ter heads, ball head^ enTek^K& cards^
circolats, hand-lMlis, checks, etc., giving-
^pedal attentkm to weddii^. party and
ball printing. He keeps a fidl line of
boaness statkMiery. AmcHig the large^
stock <3i ixesents on hand are fine dress-
ing cases, toilet sets, hand mirrors;,

jiplaqaes, jewelry cases, albums, picture

I frames, vases, ^ush and leather shop-
ping bags, etc-

Mr. EUirton is a man of finest cfaaractH-
and standing and th(woa;^iIy deserves-
his socces&w His moUo is, '^The best,
work for the l-i?: — : -rv."

rant Miils.

TUSCALOOSA TARX 3iIILLS.— lit
the yam trade the oldest and most wid^:^"
known concern in this sectiom is the
Tuscaktost Tam MlUs, founded IS^
Mr. L. D. Sanders, the entetptisnig pro-
prietor and manager of these mills, is the
successiM- oi Colonel Siqiberd. Snce
embarking in this enterprise Mr. San-
ders has met with success. Thiseoor
cem is one of the most important int«>-
ests in its line in the St^e. The ]^o-
doct of these mills is the finest quaihty.

TrsTAiioosjL.

c««s«w y-fiis per day. Tbe bttsaiaifss cft- <Qi ewxy strle and d^ect^pliiim ai« am(^
mef vt )It. Suidets bas b««« «s liticiias«?«<- asad eompletie', a Tvvy laxge business in

Tc bf:£r in his badness Tsst ^rartkal ex-
MtieDce and periiected iaciiiti^ and has
tifcowd e aing i stl y to ptoBolie tibe best
itwjfl l j.. of his nKtomets, both otT and

th^ bnnefa btang done. A lu^ bnck
wanehoose is in tihe rear of the pKm^es,
oovmins one-q«Hfft«r of a blotch lib.
W. C. Jhbuskmi, the PicsidiHit of the
Comiianj, is afeo vdl known as the

S^afeR, »ad Idfeoee deafia^ with him can Preadent of the Tosealoosa Coal, Iron
ietT«n jje < Luiii < g adianteggs not leaditrland Land (Dompanr. Mr. T. B. Alkn,
itafficated dsevfan^. Tiiee FKsident, is a nati^v of Ahbama^

I and Mr. M. P. Jem^ictiic. Secretaix and

Ptigggmf^i^gg- TrsasoMter, vas bora in Tosouoosa.

^ _r_ ' Exietything made at these planing milfe

F. M. TTRSEB.— ^ ptofaabhr no ^ done satxs&ietonly and with prompti-
btanch of tOieaxts faave note in^rove- 1| tode and dfeprtti^ ' Thepropnetorsare
wants been made daring recmt jreaxs ' well known in the ne%hboi^ood as men
xhan in that of photogr^AiT, and the «< iSne cfaanefer, b«B9ne^^ abilities and
iLTiditj with wtuc^ l&ese inTentioifts : steriii^ qnaliti^^ tbonxi^ilT deserrin^
hare be«» atQiied by the prais^on is » the most ipatifyin^ soecess* ther li^Te

eutiinexng proof of the ^lint of «it«*<-
ptKewhieh hae alwars been a disSin-
g airfiin g featnie of tboee cngwc d in thfe
ait. Mr. F. M. Tomer eskaSisfaed h^
stndio in 1S«)S. Tbe af^pKances and ap-
paoratis aieof Idie new^a&t and biest^and
indeed compRse as pevfectan estaUi^-
ment of the kind as can be fonnd in the
dity. PiMTtiaits aie eseeoted in the best
maiwaeT as very Bow pneesi, fixst-HeSass
wotk bein^ guanrateed in all cases. Tl^
s^iD, caxe aoNl honotable dipaWnigs of Mr.
Xmmerare am^yproTen bytnelibetal
^laie of pnblie JbTiiHS bestowed on Imu, ||
and he Ins won the te^peet of aM «- ~
'rhom he fe btoo^t in ecmtaet.

aehiered finm the be^snmiE^.

CiacefiiBS.

JMhfefs' Ifaf^bpare^

ATTTTV A

A TiiiK .-i OT.-y ifce

£«e.

r. J. PEERT.— Xo better es»nptificn.
; : -. can be found «rf the <a&t<eipnse and
,c2c-7gy of the grocery and prorision
lN.>Q«)e$ of Tnsealooga than the £aet thai
JEMISOX COMPJLSnr.— - - :4 other cities bare beenimita-
rariocs intinstzial ejni::er- :a€iu. Among the moie promi-

~ :ind Toscalooea there ai^^ _t-.: .i iteadin^ gnjc^rr houses of th^
r ecndocted with mc»e|ialy isthat of Mr.T. J. ^^^ny.e^Bibtidied
A'^ia <& Jemison C<Mn- [ in Fel»uaiy, ISis^ sneeeeding H. Gloek.
:Ms estr in the year | The eommtodioas boildii^ which he oe-
:-^-!=? tliis firm* has Ijeupaes is w^l arranged fear eondncting
T-:>s. They deal ;' the bu^ness and d^p^ying his stock,
iurdware. ooal. ii 3Ir. P»Ty does a laige wholesale and le-
The pieni- 1 icail business in stapjie and tuK-ygiQceiies,
.^Dien^oms. |i as wdQ as beinga laige whojet^ie whisky
r---- -" "^'^:^ '-^ler. Hehaealai^patroiQageamoDg

^ : jtsses. Fine fumly grcficeness teas,

; " - :->- pri>TBsi<His and'evervthing to be

iaed piamnjf mui sa toe . :. a lorst-dass estab&hmeist can

The miU is built of br. ~ - j^e found in stock. Mr. Pexty

sSiMies in he^it, with amf^ ^^jto. rv:->a;^^ :;.^^ca iiee dehTery of goc<(ls in the city.
This miU is run in diieet conneetian i He wis bcwn in liriks^Connrr. Tennee-
with the basineae. A steam ei^gine of i see. He beko^ to the Free Masons, and
6t>-hoiBepow«r isnaedjallthemaefainexytheis a thorougfa and ca^pabie boainecs
being of the latest and most improTe^ I man, whose wdA-detserred success h&s
make. The facilities for the manufae- i heen guned by cJose attentitim to the
tnre of alldescriptioos of doors, window l wants of hs pairans, as well as by bu>i-
p«ndi^ moldingp, shii^^es, lathes;, sish, nea ability.

isesoccu|i:

328

North Alabama.

Educational.

ALABAMA CENTRAL FEMALE
COLLEGE.— One of the dnest educa-
tional institutions known to the State of
Alabama is the Alabama Central Femaie
College, established in the year 1857.
There are over one hundred students in
this institution, and thirty boarders.
Everything that can be done for the
education, comfort and recreation of
those attending this College is done here.
The building "i? the old" State Capitol,
M-hich accounts for its most beautiful
and artistic interior and exterior, and
was leased to the Baptists of the State
for ninety-nine years, with the privilege
of renewing the lease at the end of that
period, the sole condition being that a
school be kept in the building. The
structure is of brick, and is solid and
substantial, the walls being live feet
thick. Every advantage in all branches
of modern education is given to tlie.stu-
dents of the College.

Professor S. B. Foster, a native of
Tuscaloosa, is the esteemed and able
President. This gentleman graduated
at the University of Alabama. The Col-
lege, since it has been in his charge, has
flourished, and it is with pleasure that
■we give this brief account of an institu-
tion which in every way is worthy of
the eminent success it has attained.

Hotel.

LYNCH HOUSE, Mrs. Josie Lynch,
Proprietress. — An old-time, honored and j
popular city hostelry is that forming the
immediate subject of the present sketch.
The Lynch House was established March
17, 1885. Mrs. Josie Lynch, a native
of Louisiana, is the able piroprietress.
This house is most conveniently located
on Broad street, along which the street
cars run from the depot. The building
is an ornate three-story brick structure,
fitted up with all the modern adjuncts of '
convenience and comfort, and affording
excellent accommodations for guests.
The diningroom will seat twenty people.
Rates are moderate. The table is a tine
one, being supplied with the best in the
market. The patronage includes the
bulk of the commercial trade, for whom
large samplerooms are provided, and no
house enjoys a better reputation as a de-
sirable stopping place. Mrs. Lynch, the
proyirietress, is thoroughly experienced
as hostess, and her well-directed efforts
in the promotion of the guests" comfort
are substantially appireciated.

Grocers.

R. C. HEMPHILL .v- CO.. Wholesale
and Retail Grocers. — One of the most
extensive wholesale and retail grocery
houses here is that of R. C. Hemphill &
Co.. successors to George C. Peterson.
Established in 1887, this house has had a
stibstantial trade. The store is a hand-
some brick building, and the stock car-
ried consists of a full assortment of staple
and fancy groceries, tejis, coffees, sugars,
spices, canned goods, grocers' sundries,
and a general line of merchandise per-
taining to the trade. The house makes
a leading specialty of fine groceries, and
their facilities for procuring supplies in
this line are not excelled by any house
in the citv.

Mr. R."C. Hemphill, formerly of M.
C. Thomas ct Co.. brokers, is a native of
Tuscaloosit, and his partner. Mr. J. I.
Sturdivant, of Columbus. Mississippi.
Both are eminently qualified for their
business, and well deserve the large
patronage they are receiving. The high
character and standing of the firm, to-
gether with the extent of their opera-
tions, render it one of the most notice-
able in this section.

Hotel.

WASHINGTON HOTEL.— The well-
known and popular Washington Hotel,
established many years before the war,
is in a central part of the town, on
Broad street. This house from the date
of opening has had a large patronage.
The building is a conspicuous one and is
of brick and three stories in height.
There are forty rooms in the house. The
spacious dining hall will seat sixty
people and the hotel will accommodate
with ease eighty. It has large bath-
rooms, the hotel being supplied with
water from j>rivate waterworks.

Groceries.

AV. L. HOWELL ct CO.— Among the
first-class grocery and provision houses
located in'this city there are none that
for location, excellence of stock and
everything pertaining to a first-class busi-
ness" excel that of W. L. Howell tt Co.,
established on the 15th of August, 1887.
The premises are finely arranged for ad-
vantageously displaying the stock and
condiK'ting the business, Two wagons
are used to deliver goods free to cus-
tomers. In the stock" can be found the
freshest and choicest of groceries, fine
flour, table luxuries, provisions, meat

Tuscaloosa.

329

(fresh and salt\ vegetables, fruits, etc.
Fresh coffee is roated daily and fine teas
are a specialty.

Mr. W. L. Howell is a native of
Marion. Perry County. Alabama He is
a o^utleman'of fine qualities and good
standing. " W. S. T. B." i We Sell The
Best* is his motto, which has been
pronounced to be true by all who have
dealt with the firm.

; sviccess. The premises consist of a fine
i two-stori- brick building. All that is
' sold here is of the best quality and is
; moderate in price. Messrs. Leather-
i wood »fc Knox invariably give s;\tisfac-
: tion to all their customers, who are many
: and of the better classes. The stock
i consists of a full and complete assort-
ment of furniture, carpets of all descrip-
tions, rugs and everything usually to be
found in"a first-classestablishment.

Furniture. Etc.

j Mr. T. M. Leatherwood and Mr. T. P.

I Knox are natives of Greene County,
LEATHERWOOr ifc KNOX.— This \ Alabama, and have always been known
important branch of trade has able and as reliable business men.

efficient representatives in Messrs. j

Leatherwood ct Knox. This is the only g^.^^ f^fj,,^ ^„^ y^^^f Carding.

house 01 Its kind m the citv, and ever

since the inception of business (which i ROBERT WILSON.— Among the en-
■was in September, 1S85) it has met with 1 terp rises which form the basis of com-

330

North Alabama.

mercial wealth and importance of this
trade mart, should be mentioned Robert
Wilson's grist mills and wool carding
establishment, founded in 1885. These
mills, owing to the tine business abilities
of its owner, are flourishing. The othce
is centrally located in the city. The
premises comprise a series of commo-
dious and well-arranged structures, cov-
ering a large area, and the equipment
embraces all the newest and best im-
proved machinery, operated by heavy
steam power. Each of Mr. Wilson's
mills (for he owns two) turns out 200
bushels per day, while the wool carding
daily product is 125 pounds. A fine 30-
horse power engine and 40-horse power
boiler are used.

Mr. Wilson is a man of splendid charac-
ter and sterling qualities, standing well
in every way in the community.

Jewelry.

R. McLAIN. — This store is attrac-
tively fitted up and contains a full and
complete assortment of everything in
the line of watch work and opticians'
goods, the finest gold and silver watches,
clocks, novelties in jewelry, silverware,
etc., all of which have been selected
■with great care, and are to be bought at
the lowest prices consistent with fair
dealing.

Mr. R. McLain established his busi-
ness here in 1887, and since the incep-
tion has met with all success. The
premises occupied consist of a fine two-
story brick building. He makes a
specialty of watch work, and invariably
gives satisfaction in repairing watches.
Everything that he handles in the jew-
elry or optician's line is of best quality.

Mr. McLain is a native of Baltimore,
and being a man of fine qualities his
trade cannot but become more substan-
tial and profitable each year.

Dry Goods.

FRIEDMAN & ROSENAU.— One of
the popular retail houses in its line of
trade is Friedman &, Rosenau, established
in 1885. They are dealers in dry goods,
clothing and shoes, and merchant tailor-
ing and household furnishing goods.
This house has enjoyed a prosperous
and continually increasing trade. The
building is three stories and comprises
two fine stores, one being set apart for
dry goods and the other being used en-
tirely for gents' clothing. The stores are
heavily stocked with the finest goods,

and several assistants are kept busy in
supplying the wants of the large and
liberal patronage.

These gentlemen have long been promi-
nent in trade circles, and respected as
representative merchants.

Wholesale Grocers.

T. N. HAYS & CO.— Among the many
fine grocery stores in this State there
are none more worthy of consideration
in the present volume than that of the
well-known wholesale house of T. N.
Hays & Co., successors to Geo. A. Searcy
& Co. This business was established the
21st of November, 1887, its career having
been successful. A large trade has been
built up and is rapidly increasing
throughout the State. The premises oc-
cupied are finely located, built of brick
and two stories high. Employment is
given to several assistants.

Mr. T. N. Hays was born in Texas
and educated in Arkansas.

Mr. M. B. Donoho is a native of this
city.

They are energetic and thorough busi-
ness men, who, by the exercise of com-
mercial integrity, combined with a
straightforward system of honoi-able
dealing and unusual business sagacity,
have achieved a large success.

Groceries, Confections, Etc.

J. FORSTER.— Among the firmly-
established houses in this city which
have acquired a marked degree of suc-
cess and popularity is the family grocery,
confectionery and bakery of Mr. J.
Forster, situated opposite the court-
house, and estaljlished in 1881. This
house is justly regarded as a worthy
representative of the trade.

Mr. Forster enjoys a fine trade. His
store is a fine frame building. He keeps
everything in the family grocery line and
makes the finest of breads fresh every
day, as well as rolls and cakes. Rye
bread is a specialty. The prices will be
found to be as low as any in the city,
while all goods bought here are of the
very best quality. Orders are promptly
filled and goods delivered free of charge.
Mr. Forster has achieved an enviable
reputation for the purity of his confec-
tionery, as he uses only the choicest
grades of sugars, fruits, extracts, etc.
In regard to his brands of cakes and
crackers the same remarks apply, they
having been ranked as standard goods.

Mr. Forster is a native of Austria. He.
belongs to the Knights of Honor, and

Tuscaloosa.

331

bears an excellent character and repu-
tation.

Bakery and Confections.

J. MURPHY.— This popular bakery
and confectionery was founded in the year
1883. The store is equipped with the
latest improved appliances and facilities
known to this important department of
trade. The products of the bouse in-
clude all kinds of bread, rolls, biscuits,
plain and fancy cakes, pies and pastry.
He makes the finest caramels and candies
of every description, shipping through-
out the country to dealers. Purity is the
main essential to be observed in the
manufacture of confections, and Mr.
Murphy, by scrupulous observance of
this feature in his business, has always
enjoyed a liberal and substantial patron-
age. His store is a substantial structure
•of two stories.

He is a native of Tuscaloosa. He is a
man of fine character and standing in
the community, and is in every way
deserving of his success.

Boots and Shoes.

FRIEDMAN & LOVEMAN were es-
tablished in Tuscaloosa in 1865. They
do a wholesale dry goods, boot and shoe
business. The home office is in Tusca-
loosa, and Eastern office in New York.
Their Tuscaloosa house is a fine edifice,
two stories high. This house does a large
business in and around Tuscaloosa and
in at least half a dozen counties adjoin-
ing. It has gained a fine prestige, owing
to its widely established reputation as
one of the most reliable houses in the
■State. The members of the firm are
Messrs. B. Friedman and E. Loveman

Mr. Friedman is native of Hungary.
His partner, Mr. Loveman, resides at
New York.

The}'- are gentlemen of excellent stand-
ing and enjoy the respect and confidence
of all classes.

Mr. B. Friedman is also the treasurer
and general manager of the mills oper-
ated by the Tuscaloosa Manufacturing
Company, at Cottondale, Alabama, that
employ 300 hands, working full time the
year round ; also is vice president of the
Tuscaloosa Coal, Iron and Land Com-
pany and the INIerchants' National Bank ;
a director in the First National Bank of
Tuscaloosaand Tuscaloosa Northern Rail-
road, and an alderman of the city.

Livery, Feed and Sale Stables.

MEDLIN & GAUDIN.— In making a
detailed review of the different branches
of trade in Tuscaloosa, we find occupying
a prominent position that of Messrs.
Medlin & Gaudin, established on March 1,
1887. Since they began, these gentlemen
have done a thriving business. Their
stables, one block east of the Washington
House, are admirably arranged for the
care and sale of stock. Attentive grooms
are in attendance, while stock boarded
here is fed, watered and cared for in
the most satisfactory manner. These
stables turn out some of the finest car-
riages and best-looking horses in town,
and their drivers are reliable and careful.
All calls are attended to promptly, day
or night. Twenty horses and ten mules
are kept exclusive, besides boarding
horses. Messrs. Medlin & Gaudin also do
a large business in undertaking. As
undertakers they have met great success,
being thoroughly posted in the details.

Mr. Medlin is a native of Tuscaloosa
County, and Mr. Gaudin of Mobile.
They are courteous and affable as well as
sound, established business men, enjoy-
ing the esteem of the entire community
at home, as well as of jiatrons abroad.

BESSEMER.

FIFTEEN months ago there was not a house or building on the site
of Bessemer proper, save the rode, temporary structure ha^^tily
erected from which to hold the first sale of lots, and here and
there an old loghouse in the midst of small clearings, the habi-
tations of original owners or squatters. True, on the reservation
were the two immense furnaces in process of construction mow
completed', the DeBardeleben Coal and Iron Company's commis-
sary building, boardinghouses and quarters for its employees, and
we might add the beginning of lines of huge stone walls of the
most substantial construction, the foundation of a series of exten-
sive coke ovens.

On the 12th day of April, 1SS7, the first sale of lots had been advertised
in what was to be Bessemer. Several hundred people were in attendance.
Many of them were strangers to the section and to the country, having been
probably primarily attracted by the '"boom" just then apparently on the
wane in Birmingham. The larger number, however, were from Birmingham
and contiguous places. The people found the site of the prospective Besse-
mer located in a beautiful valley, or rather on an elevated plateau, with an
agreeably undulating surface, with numerous springs and streams of pure,
clear, cool water, found here and there between extended ranges of moun-
tains, or rather high ridges or hills on the northeast and southwest.

The site indicated was covered with a heavy but richly varied forest
growth, through which for some distance rectangular stretches had been cut,
indicative of the lines of streets and avenues. Huge stumps, cut timber
and fallen debris obstructed passage or made it difficult. The material
prospect for prominent and immediate and visible change was not promising.
The people wandered over the site and finally gathered at the rude stand to
await the opening sale.

The feeling dominant was not speculative. Had the time been six months
or three months sooner, the impulse of that wonderful era of rapidly, enorm-
ously enhancing values and wild speculation, which entered and found its
apotheosis in the city of Birmingham but a few weeks before, would have
led to blind and indiscriminate purchasings. But now conservative and
prudent judgments had to be confronted and con\-inced.

"What was it, then, that was offered to the people to enlist their interest
and to secure their co-operation and investment ?

Bessemer. 335

The site over which all had wandered, and upon which they stood,
Tvas pleasing to the eye; the forest growth was rich, varied and beautiful ; the
•soil was light, but fertile and productive ; the surface superbly adapted for
perfect drainage, the water supply ample and pure ; the most eligible and
picturesque locations for residences abounded, and all the conditions for per-
fect health and pleasant habitation seemed to exist.

To the northeast, less than a mile distant, hardly a stone's throw, was
the Red Mountain, from which the rich red ores that supplied the Birming-
ham furnaces were taken. Looking still to the north and east, only three
miles distant, was Redding, from which was regularly shipped the ore that
supplied the Chattanooga furnaces. The whole range to the south and west
and to the north and east was but one enormous vein of rich iron ore.

To the southwest was the Rock Mountain range. Just beyond it —imping-
ing almost upon its summit — commenced the vast, exhaustless Black Warrior
■coal measures.

Nearly in the same direction, but more to the south, only a few miles dis-
"tant, were immense beds of limestone.

Already these sections had been linked together — become as one for indus-
trial purposes — by a network of railways.

The conditions for the most economical and an enormous production of
iron, the great factor in modern industrial progress, could not more favorably
■or happily exist.

The DeBardeleben Coal and Iron Company, the stockholders of which
■vrere the principal projectors and founders of Bessemer, were the owners of
thousands and tens of thousands of these iron ore, coal and limestone lands
.surrounding and in proximity to Bessemer.

To-day — fifteen months from the day of the first sale of lots — Bessemer is
a city, with a regular municipal government ; with a population of between
2,800 and 3,000 people; with over two hundred andfifty houses and buildings,
some of them as fine and as elaborate in design and construction as there are
in the State, with various industries in operation; with regularly graded
streets, with a complete system of waterworks under contract and in process
•of construction ; with a perfect network of railroads centering here, andevery-
ithing about it teeming with life, activity and progress.

HE PROGRESS OF FIFTEEN MONTHS

The history of this country will show no parallel to the growth of Besse-
mer. Frequently new towns are started with a great flourish of trumpets,
and for the time being show spasmodic or mushroom progress. But there was
no flare of trumpet in Bessemer's inception, and there has been nothing spas-
modic in her progress. Commencing at the close of the past business season
she passed through a summer which elsewhere was of unusual dullness, stead-
ily progressing — each day adding to her resources and to her population.

yyxvmni

I, ' ' ■'

Besskmer. 337

BRIEF REVIEW OF TO-DAY

The industries of Bessemer established and now in process of rajiid con-
struction are :

The Bessemer Land and Improvement Company, with a capital stock of
$2,500,000, with a surplus of $800,000 cash, and assets in the treasury. This
Company is the founder of Bessemer, and is full of all that kind of enterprise
which guarantees success. It has done, and is doing, the major part of the
improving, thus relieving owners of property of all city taxes, save a very
small — indeed, a nominal— assessment for police, etc.

The DeBardeleben Coal & Iron Company, with a capital stock of $4,000,-
'000. Their belief in Bessemer is emphasized by the four huge furnaces now
being erected, a further notice of which will be found.

A large rolling mill of the best improved and most perfect machinery,
employing over 600 skilled hands, and converting daily over 100 tons of pig
iron into products of two, three and four times their value.

Bessemer Steel and Iron Company, capital $1,500,000, are erecting two coke
furnaces, with a capacity of 125 tons iron per day.

The Little Belle Iron Company, capital $200,000, a charcoal furnace,
-sixty tons capacity.

Bessemer Fire Brick Works, with a capital of $50,000.

The Carolina Real Estate Company, with a capital stock of $300,000, who
have built already forty odd houses for homes, a business block and several
handsome storehouses.

The Orleans Land and Building Company, with a capital of $200,000, who
are also engaged in putting up substantial homes and business blocks. More
than twenty of their houses are already erected and occupied.

The Natchez Land and Improvement Company, with a capital stock of
$300,000, whose houses rival in elegant appointments, exterior and interior,
the buildings of the companies from Charleston and the Crescent City.
Twenty odd of their buildings are already completed and being used for com-
mercial and living purposes.

The South Bessemer Homestead and Improvement Company, whose capital
stock will be expended in beautiful grounds and handsome buildings.

The Adler & Harris combination, whose attractive cottages, twenty-six in
number, are now rented and occupied, and who are now building five brick
•storehouses.

Where else is so much capital beautifying, improving and upbuilding ?
More than ten million dollars, as has been enumerated, is being liber-
ally and intelligently utilized in building a city. And this sum total, magnifi-
cent though it be, does not include the heavy investments of the eight rail-
roads which center in this " Marvel City."

The First National Bank of Bessemer is located in a splendid building of
-stone and brick, at the corner of Nineteenth street and Second avenue.

There are seven lines oi railway graded to Bessemer, as follows:

Bessemkr. 339»

The Alabama Great Southern.

The Louisville & Nashville.

The Bessemer & Huntsville.

The Bessemer & Tuscaloosa.

The Kansas City, Memphis & Bessemer.

The Georgia Pacific.

The Bessemer & Birmingham Dummy Line.

The following are located and being graded :

The Mobile & Bessemer.

The Georgia Central.

The following is projected and the route provisionally surveyed :

The Bessemer & Selma.

There is the Charleston Block, costing $125,000 ; the Nabers & Morrow
three-story block ; the Adler Block ; the Jenkins Block, and the Berney
Bros.' National Bank Building — all of brick, cutstone and terra cotta. Other-
brick blocks and buildings have been commenced.

The Montezuma Hotel, a grand structure of superb and beautiful archi-
tecture, fifty rooms capacity, has been completed at an expense of |35,000,
and opened to the jjublic.

The Grand Hotel — a magnificent building of brick, cutstone and terra
cotta — has been completed. It cost over $50,000, and has a capacity for one
hundred guests.

The public school building, an elegant frame structure, will provide com-
fortable quarters for two hundred pupils.

Several church edifices have been erected.

Over one hundred men are now regularly employed in grading the-
streets.

' By contract the waterworks are to be completed soon, and to furnish an
ample water supply for a population of 25,000 people.

The Bessemer Electric Light & Power Company have their plant of a.
capacity of 500,000 candle power.

'HE PRICE OF LOTS

The price of lots for sale by the Bessemer Land and Improvement Company
range from ten to twenty-five dollars per front foot for residence lots, and from
twenty-five to seventy-five dollars per front foot for business lots. The terms
are one-fourth cash ; balance in one, two and three years, with eight per cent,
interest.

The South Bessemer Homestead Company has placed its property on sale,
payable in monthly installments, or in case of valuable improvement, with-
out cash payment, at prices ranging from ten to forty-five dollars per front
foot.

The Bessemer Company gives concessions in land and in stock to all rep-
utable industries.

PROMINENT BUSINESS NIEN.

Coal and Iron.

THE DeBARDELEBEN COAL AND
IRON COMPANY.— The mineral wealth
•of tlie State of Alabama is enormous, and
there is no State in the Union where can
'be found such extensive and rich beds of
Ihe choicest iron and coal deposits —
enough of the former to furnish the world
with steel for centuries— and all lying
within a few miles of this city. Among
the leading corporations engaged in the
mining and shipping of coal and iron ore,
and tlie manufacture of pig iron and
burning of coke, special mention should
be made of the DeBardeleben Coal and
Iron Company, whose operations are
conducted upon such an extensive scale.
The Company owns a wide area of min-
eral lands — comprising over thirty thou-
sand acres, tested and known to afford
an inexhaustible supply of the ore for
making pig iron and coal for making coke.
The Company was established June 1st,
1886, with H. F. DeBardeleben President
and General Manager, and Andrew M.
Adger Secretary and Treasurer.

The furnaces, two in number, have a
daily capacity of 125 tons of pig iron, and
give employment to a large numl)er of
men. The mining of coal and the
numerous coke ovens require a large
force, and altogether the varied interests
of this plant make it a most important
factor in the development of the mineral
wealth of this section.

The President and General Manager,
Mr. Henry F. DeBardeleben, is the most
prominent figure in iron manufacture to
be found in the South. In this work he
is a pioneer, and the leading spirit in
■developing the mineral wealth of this
vsection of Alabama. Mr. DeBardeleben
23

was the first to discover that coke could
be made from Birmingham coal, and
accordingly he built the Pratt Mines
Railroad, and this led to the founding of
this city. In addition, he opened the
Henryellen mines, and established the
Alice Furnace and the Mary Pratt Fur-
nace. These are all named for his rela-
tives, and are in successful operation.
Mr. DeBardeleben is a sagacious, ener-
getic and public-spirited man, and one
who has proven himself an indispensable
factor in the mineral development of
this section and the growth and progress
of Birmingham, as well as Bessemer.

Mr. Andrew M. Adger, Secretary and
Treasurer, is a South Carolinian by
birth, having been born and reared in
Charleston. For twelve years he was
engaged in the cotton and phosphate
business of that city, from which place
he came directly to Birmingham, and
thence to Bessemer. He is an efficient
officer, an able financier, and withal a
most genial and popular gentleman.

AVitli such men at the helm it is no
wonder that the DeBardeleben Coal and
Iron Company is a credit to its man-
agement and an honor to the State.

Real Estate.

N. H. SEWALL.— Mr. Sewall is a na-
tive of Iberville Parish, Louisiana. Hav-
ing suffered financially from repeated
overflows of the Mississippi River, and
from other causes so disastrous to plant-
ers and farmers in the riparian districts
of Louisiana, attracted by the much-
talked-of boom of Birmingham, indeed
of the whole of Jones' Valley, he came
to Alabama with the determination of

342

North Alabama,

making his home in this prosperous
State. When Bessemer first made its
appearance on the tapis, Mr. Sewall
moved bag and baggage to this little
" city in the woods," now the Marvel
City of North Alabama, and was one of
the first to be established in the real estate
business in Bessemer — a real estate pio-
neer, in fact.

Mr. Sewall is a firm believer in the
future of Bessemer, considering it no
trouble to show visitors over the city,
calling their attention to the best bar-
gains, etc. He also established the Pio-
neer Hardware Store of R. H. F. Sewall,
and the lumber business run in connec-
tion with it, and is manager of his broth-
er's interests in Bessemer, as Mr. R. H.
F. Sewall resides in Birmingham. Mr.
Sewall does not by any means confine his
attention and time to Bessemer, but takes
in the whole of Jones' Valley, and has
many choice bits of real estate bargains,
to which he would call the attention of
all wishing to invest in this portion of
the county, so replete with mineral
wealth. Any one desirous of informa-
tion in reference to mineral and timber
lands, town lots, investments in build-
ings, paying handsome interests, would
do well to correspond with him. Prop-
erties range all the way from four dollars
an acre to one thousand a front foot.

Mr. Sewall is also a member of the
Board of Trade of Bessemer, and can
give valuable information in all mercan-
tile matters.

Mr. Sewall married a daughter of the
late Ex-Governor P. O. Herbert, of
Louisiana.

Mrs. Sewall accompanied her husband,
"roughing it" with him in the early
days of Bessemer, when the place was a
mere wilderness and waste.

References :

Birmingham National Bank, Birming-
ham, Alabama.

John D. Murrell, Bayou Goula, Louis-
iana.

Blanks <k, Cornwell, Smithland, Louis-
iana.

I. G. Batchelor, Dr. A. A. Batchelor,
Smithland, Louisiana.

S. J. Norwood, Simmsport, Louisiana.

Druggists.

NABERS, MORROW & HENDON,
the leading drug firm of Bessemer, have
held that position from the date of their
opening. This was the natural result of
the wide-spread reputation of the Bir-
mingham firm of Nabers & Morrow.

Mr. L. A. Hendon, the junior partner-
of the Bessemer firm, had been connect-
ed with the firm at Birmingham for-
seven years previous to Bessemer's birth.
With their usual enterprise they saw in.
Bessemer a city of promise, and at once-
erected a large three-story brick build-
ing, part of which they use for Iheir
own business. This building is on the
principal thoroughfare, Nineteenth
street, between Second and Third aven-
ues. The Bessemer Dummy Line passes
in front of the door. The storeroom occu-
pied by the firm is handsomely furnished
and commodiously arranged for the
transaction of their large and growing,
business. Its Avhole appearance reminds-
one of the large stores of metropolitan
cities. The prescription department, ta
which especial attention is given, is.
under the direct supervision of Mr.
Hendon. The reputatiori of this gentle-
man as a skillful and careful compounder
of drugs has gone abroad through that .
section, and elicits the patronage of that
large class of people who value safety
and reliability in dealing with articles
which by even a slight mistake may
l^rove fatal. This firm being largely
identified with the interests of Bessemer,
receive, as they deserve, the respect and
patronage of the people at large, and will
no doubt in Bessemer, as in Birming-
ham, rank always as a solid, enterprising
and reliable adjunct to the commercial
interests of the city.

Bankers.

BERNEY BROS.— In the handsome
Berney Block, corner of Nineteenth
street and Second avenue (see cut)
Messrs. Berney Bros, have their bank-
ing house. Mr. Wm. Berney, the senior
member of the firm, is President of the
Berney National Bank of Birmingham,,
an institution which holds the confidence-
and a large share of the patronage of
Birmingham people. He is also Presi-
dent of the Bessemer Land and Improve-
ment Company, and has been largely-
instrumental, by its untiring energy and
interest, in the making of Bessemer..
The confidence of this firm in the future
of Bessemer is well shown in the mag-
nificent building bearing their name,-
and the magnificently appointed bank
for Bessemer's custom. The depositors-,
in this bank belong not only to Besse-
mer, but come from surrounding sec-
tions and many hamlets which, pre-
vious to the organization of this bank.,
left their deposits in Birmingham. Mr^.

Bessemer.

343

C. Berney, the junior member of the
firm, has a handsome residence in Bes-
semer, and is highly esteemed both in
social and business relations.

CHAS. F. HARD & CO.,

Real Estate and Insurance.

GEO. L. ROOT & CO.,

Real Estate.

R. L. CROOK & BRO.,

Real Estate and Rentals.

T. B. ELLISON,

Stationery and Music.

S. E. JONES & CO.,

Furniture and Undertakers.

BESSEMER DUMMY LINE,
Round Trip Tickets between
Birmingham and Bessemer,

40 cents.

MARVEL CITY BRICK CO.,
Capacity, 25,000 daily.

BESSEMER BRICK CO.,

Capacity, 25,000 daily.

MILLER & MALONE,

General Store.

R. M. McADORY & CO.,

General Store.

M. FORST & CO.,

Dry Goods and Clothing.

BUCHANAN & LAKE,

Groceries and Hardware.

BESSEMER MANUFACTUR-
ING CO.,

Woodworking.

344

North Alabama.

MONTEZUMA HOTEL.

(see cut.)

GRAND HOTEL.

<SOUTHERN EXPRESS CO.

UNITED STATES EXPRESS
COMPANY.

BALTIMORE & OHIO EX-
PRESS COMPANY..

WESTERN UNION TELE-
GRAPH COMPANY.

JUDSON AGENCY,

Real Estate and Insurance.

" THE BESSEMER,"

Published Weekly.

KENNELLY & ROBERTSON,

Groceries.

W. H. HOWELL,

Groceries.

CAROLINA REAL ESTATE
COMPANY.

NATCHEZ LAND & IMPROVE-
MENT COMPANY.

THE LEA.DING HOTEL.

Mm Goni/eiiiences Tliroiia'Iiou

I— (

Best Furnished Rooms and Finest Table in the GitY-

$2 TO $3.50 PER Day.
21st Street, tetween 2n(l & Srd AYenues,

BIRrvUNGHAIVI, ALA.

INDEX.

BIRMINGHAM.

PAGE

Adams, Mead & Co., bankers 154

Advance— Alabama's 11

Alabama Abstract Co 146

Alabama Club Restaurant 145

Alabama Paper Co 153

Alabama Iron Works 156

Alabama National Bank 78

Alexander ct- Dryer, druggists 139

Alexander & Corpening, brokers 161

Alhambra Cigar Store 109

Allen, B. M., attorney 169

Allen, Carlisle & Taylor, real estate Ill

Allen, Scott & Co., grocers 70

Armstrong & Buck, architects 102

Arrington & Ellis, real estate 150

Artificial Stone Co 123

Asphalt Co 141

Avondale Lumber Co 113

Austin, Hull & Co., rubber stamps 153

Bacon & Jackson, engineers 107

Baxter Stove Co 77

Baker & Kirkland, lumber 121

Bellevue Academy 160

Bennie & Brophy, crockery 127

Beruey National Bank 72

Bernstein, S.. shoes 125

Berry. W. E. & Co., real estate 172

Birmingham 15

Altitude 16

Banks 23

Business 31

Churches 26

City Government 20

Climate and Health 20

Drainage 22

Foundation 16

Future of 67

Growth 16

Location 16

Manufacturing Advantages 36

Pay Roll : 37

Population 16

Public Buildings 27

Railway Center 17

Real Estate 31

Rents and Cost of Living 34

Schools. Public 23

Street Railroads 26

Suburbs 27

Taxes "..'. 29

Water 22

Birmingham Arms Co 137

Birmingham Coal and Brick Co 147

Birmingham Ice Co 9S

Birmingham Iron Works 106

Birmingham Marble Works 94

Birmingham Mining and Manufacturing Co... 69

Rolling Mills 104

Saw Works 139

Steam Dve Works 97

Trust and Savings Co 161

Bijou, confections 117

Blank Bros., clothiers 12'.>

Blanks, A. L., photos 130

Boggan & Thornton, groceries... 121

Boulden. C. M. & Co"., livery 134

Brewer, W. P.. sash and blinds 86

Brittle, S. T., coal, saw mills 75

Brooks & Brooks, attornevs 165

Brooks, C. C, druggist ! 133

Brown, W. S., groceries 134

Brunswick Hotel 131

Builders' Supplies Co > 76

Bush, Brown & Webb, attorneys 163

Butterfield Fruit Co 131

Cabaniss & Banks, attorneys 168

Cahalan. W. J., attorney 163

Calame. Paul, jeweler 125

Caldwell, H. M 65

Caldwell Printing Company 159

Carter, J. R 149

Cawthon & Reid, merchandise brokers 124

Ctiamblee, J. W., attorney 169

Chichester, J. D , real estate 150

Childs, D. A. &Co., dry goods 136

Citv Marble Works 147

Clark, J. C. & Co., brokers 102

Clisby & Ware, cotton buyers 141

Clisby & Ware, real estate 141

Coal 47

Coke 55

Demand 54

Development 51

Iron and Limestone 57

Proximity of Coal and Limestone 58

Quality 49

Quantity 49

Transportation 53

Cobb, W. N., jobshop 121

Collins S. v., & Co., grocers 143

(;opeland & Stone, books 151

Corbett Bros., harness 128

Costello, E. M.. tailor 81

Crellin&Nails.boilers 132

Crews, J. G., attorney 170

Crovvder. J M., real estate 161

Gumming it Hibbard, attornevs 167

Daly, T F., groceries '. 124

Dangaix & Throckmorton, insurance 108

Davis ife Worcester, bottling works ... 145

Davy, .1. T., real estate 84

Dean, L. L.. attorney 170

Dearborn & Co.. brokers 132

Dennis, W. L., furniture 156

Depot Restaurant 155

Dickey & Gillespie, attorneys 168

Dun, R. G.ife Co 152

Dunn tt Phelps, insurance 118-152

Earle, .1. B., general merchandise 143

East Birmingham Iron Roofum Company 87

Eiist Birmiughfuu Land Coniiiany 85

Eiist Birmingham Sail Iron Company 87

Kaslham. C." K.. attornev 167

EllLs, J. E. il- Co , dnisgists 134

Elyton Land Company 63

Elvton Land Company Car Works 90

Emmons. S. W., produce 149

Ensley Land Company 101

Index.

347

117
122
160

PAGE

:Erminger. H. C. candies 1^6

Erswell, E., furniture '^;

"Eubank Bros., dentists '-J

:Excelsior Luundry ■-. l^;;

Falls ife Madden, builders' supplies Uo

Terguson & Putmau, attorneys Ito

Fies ct Son, livery 1-™

First National Bank ';*

Florence Hotel. .= •'*

Fowlkes & Myatt. groceries !•»

Francis & Chenoweth, hardware ^-j

Fries, R. H., attorney 1^;^

'Garrett & Underwood, attorneys Ib'S

Gate City Land Company 'o

'Gifford * Knowles, dry goods iiu

Gilmer & Rencher, real estate Ho

-Glimpse of North Alabama ^^H

Gluck & Black, jewelry

•Going, J. A., real estate

Godden, Amzi, druggist

<}regory & Bryan real estate ill

Graham. M. T., jewelry ]■^-■

Hanrtv, William, insurance loO

Hardy & Co., brokers ™

Harralson Bros,, tobacco l^J

Harris, R. C. & Co., grocers j'-o

Harris, G. C, transfer Ill

^Harris, S. H., puints }oO

Harsh, G. R.. attorney I'l

Harwell it Rudisell, brokers lOS

Haskell & Talcott, engineers 11-

Hatch, Meriwether it Co., real estate lOh

Heflin it Bulger, attorneys 166

Heinsit Rothenhoffer, bakers 120

Herzfeld, H., carpets l'-9

Hewitt, Walker it- Porter 162

Hickle, O. F 9*^

Hickman, W. P 169

Higdon & McCary, commission 89

Holt, T H 94

Hooper & Bain, house furnishings lol

Hopkins, J. B. & Co,, cornices 101

Hotel Royal la"

Howard College 114

Hudson, M. G. & Co., real estate 91

Hudson & Shaver, fruits 97

Hughes, C. T. & Co., lumber 96

Hughes, J. W.. drugs 112

Hughes Lumber Co 100

Introduction 9

Iron 43

Iron, Cost of Making 58

Iron Product of Alabama 12

Iron, Red Mountain 43

.Je^se French Piano & Organ Co 80

..Johnston, C, builder 84

Kelley, W, L., stoves 100

Kennedy, John S , attorney 167

Kiernan\s- Steam Laundry 132

King, P. G., attorney 93

Kirkpatrick, J, D., real estate 138

Klebs, T. A., drugs 13-5

Klein, H. E,, druggist 132

Klein, L., hats 138

Knauf, R. it Co., mill supplies 95

Knott tfc Daughtry, insurance 117

Lakeview Hotel 122

Lane, A O., mayor 171

Lawson Carpet Co 104

Leonard <& Ellis, oils 150

Lightfoot & Co., brokers 95

Limestone 57-58

Little, J. H., attorney 166

Lomb & Hershey Co., machinists 114

Lubelsky, D., tailor 144

Lunsford Hotel 152

Luster, D. B., shoes 143

McCarthy, F. W 170

McClain, J. W., architect 127

McDavid, J. J., attorney 154

Mcintosh & Altman, attorneys 168

McKnight it Co., coal 139

.McLester & VanHoose, groceries 124

PAGE

Magic City Hotel 115

Magic City Steam Bottling Works 172

Mangin it- Bouchou.K, locksmiths 148

Manegold, John, confections 120

Varburv, Jones & Co., lumber 148

Markhain, R T., carpenter 125

Marks, J. C. it- Co,, wines 151

Marshall, J. B. & Co., builders 93

Martin & McEachin, attorneys 167

Marv Pratt furnace J8

Mason it Martin, attorneys I'O

Mavberry, H. H. & Co., lime 148

Miles it Ballard, attorneys 166

Mills, J. A., jewelrv 140

Milner ttKettig. mill supplies '9

Minis, W.J 168

Mineral City Auction House 12<

Minnegerode & Ellerbe, machinery 119

Molton, T. H., real estate 142

Moore & Handley Hardware Co 82

Moore & Haden, grocers 14o

Moore & Webb, lumber 88

Morris, Josiah 63

Moses, I., tailor 146

Moss & Morson, coal 88

Mountjov <fc Tomlinson, attorneys 169

MuUer, M , fish and oysters 120

Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association 143

Nabers & Morrow, druggists 95

Neal, W. E. & Co., flour andgrain 128

New Home Sewing Machine Co 127

New York Bakery 147

Obear Jewelry Co 90

Oppenheimer, E. & Co.. whiskies 107

Ozanne it Taylor, bakers 120

Parisian Dry Goods and Millinery 133

Perkins Bros., dentists 140

Perrv, H. W. &Co., tobacco US

Perrvman, T. M., groceries 115

Perrvman, W. E. it- Co., real estate 112

Perrv Mason Shoe Co '1

Phillips, I. & Bro , furniture 138

Pierre, W. St., shoes ■■ 146

Pinckard, DeBardeleben it Co., stocks and

bonds '^

Porter, M. T I'O

Reckling, A. C, harness 11;^

Redington. photos 157

Richardson, J, T., real estate 107

Rich it Biederman, shoes 131

Rochester, R 92

Rockett <fc Blythe, gents' furnishings 116

Roden, John B., books 153

Rosenstihl Bros., jewelers 144

Rowlett & Anglin, real estate 94

Rovster Provision Co 116

Satterfield's Shoe Store 137

Schillinger Brewing Co 135

Scott, G. D., tailor 121

Seeman, Otto & Bro., fish 126

Semple, D., attorney 165

Shahan, J., produce 119

Shepherd, J. H.. photos 126

Simmons, C. S., grocer 136

Sloss Iron and Steel Co 71

Smith Boot and Shoe Co 94

Smith, C. M. & Co., lumber 149

Smith, John G, & Co., real estate and insur-

RUCG

Smith, M. M., druggist 158

Smith, T. S., dry goods 8/

Smith, W. S. it Co., architects lOo

Smith it Coughlan, cotton buyers 155

Smith & Montgomery, books 158

Snyder, Wm. & Sons, tailors 15b

South Anniston Land Co 122

Southern Pacific Tea Co 149

Speaker, A., jeweler Ij3

Steel 60

Steiner Bros , bankers 1-54

Stockton it Co., brokers 113

Stollenwerck it- Co , brokers 100

Stowers, G. A,, furniture 1^5

348

Index.

PAGE

Stranpe & MrOnrley, attorneys 168

Sutclitl'e. John, architect " 123

Sutton, Salvador, lumljer 95

Tarrant. A. J 170

Tennessee Coal. Iron & Railroad Co 70

Thomson, C, tailor 108

Three Rivers Coal Co 115

Titche, groceries 85

Trousdale & Sons, livery 119

Vandesrift, A. B., general merchant UO

Vary, .Tohn, attorney 104

Vest Bros., painters 113

Wade, W. H, attorney ICO

Wagner, E., produce.! 134

Ward d- Head, attorneys 164

Warren. Ed., n-al estate 95

Weaver ct Smith, attorneys 165

Webb & Tillman, attorneys 162

West End Land Co .". 88

, , T-Aum

Vi harton Flouring Mill 105^

Wheeliu'k. (;. F., coal tar HT

Wheelock A Son. areliitccts 99>

Whildeu, B. D., flour and grain 128

White AWeatherly, attorneys 164

Wilkerson ct Stone, druggists 99-

Willis & Randall, dry goods 106

Willis. O. L., real estate 112

Wilson, Martin Ac Leedy, real estate 110 ■

Winkley Fi-inting Works 130

Windsor Hotel 137

W. K. T. B., groceries 92

Woods. T. S., groceries 129'

Woodward, R. H. & Co.. groceries _ 129'

Yancey, J. L., real estate 144,

Yancey, W. E. & Co., groceries 96'

Yates, J. A., real estate 1,50

Young it- Gage, groceries StV

Youngblood & Ehrman, lumber 155i

ANNISTON.

PAGE

Anniston Bargain Store 200

Anniston Bloomary 202

Anniston City Land Co 192

Anniston Foundry 203

Anniston Inn 187

Anniston Manufacturing Co 208

Anniston Pipe Works 198

Anniston Savings Bank 194

Anniston Tavern 203

Brown & Young, dentists 203

Bush, W. D., livery. 19,S

Campbell, I'hillips" & Co., furniture 197

Cason. G. P., hardware 197

Cater-Henderson Mercantile Co 196

Chisolm & (ireen, architects 201

Church. Presbyterian 17fi

Climate 174

Coleman, J. W., dry goods 205

Conclusion 191

Doering & Roh)inson, jewelers 199

Donahue ct- Snelling, paints 204

Elam, E. E., druggist 201

Farrar (1- Higgins, planing mill 194

Fire Department 183

First National Bank 194

Forbes, T s., builders' supplies 200

Fry, A B.. jewelry 207

Growth of City I77

Handley. W. F. & Co.. tailor 207

Ingram, J. B. ifc Co., grocers 205

PAGE'

Jones, A. H., stoves 196-

Live Racquet Store 205

Location 173.

JlcJunkin & Co., general merchandise 19&'

McPharlane, P. H. & Co., druggist 200^'

Model City Hat and Shoe Store 202

Natural Resources 177

Nininger, A. R., real estate 198>

Noble Institute I99v

Noble Street 178

Norwood, G. H., printing 206'

Perkins, J. C. & Co., groceries 196.

Railway Center 181

Ramsey, T. M. & Co., dry goods 207'

Rees & Camfield, real estate 195

Russell Bros., photos 207

Schools 185.

Simpson, G. P. <t' E H., dry goods - 204

Stanton, Bros., furniture 206-

Streets 184

Summary 180-

Thomp,s6n, V. S.. books 201

Taylor, Chas. & Sons, fire brick 205

Trnitt, Alf & Co., hardware 206

Ullman Bros., clothing 204

ITnited States Rolling Stock Co 186-

Water Supply 183-

Whetstone & Co., groceries 197

Wikle, J. L., druggist 209*

Woodstock Iron Co 192;

HUNTSVILLE.

PAGE

Brohaw Spring and Park 229

Chalvbente Spring 232

Cold Spring 2.S0

Courthouse 215

Episcopal Clmrch 217

Farm, a Model 243

Female f College 221

Female Academy 227

Health .". 214

Huntsville 211

Hun tsville Hotel 238

Page:

Location 214

Mannfaeturing Advantages 228-

Monte Sano 234

Natural Resources 223^

New Huntsville Hotel 237

North Alabama Improvement Company 229>'

I'ost Oflice and Courthouse 210i>

Railroad Map 224

Shelter Rock Cave 239^

Springs 212

Temperature 21S.

Index.

349>

DECATUR

PAGE

Adams & Lovelace 282

Agricultural Resources 255

Altitude 247

Arantz Bros., lumber 284

Atlanta Store, dry goods 284

Baldridge & Read, real estate 270

Banks, J. T., paints 269

Beggs, T., harness 280

Bibb, Bond <t Co., real estate 272

Bond Block 285

Brown, W. A , stoves 279

Buchheit's Bottling Works 271

Bullock, W. F., pharmacist 277

Carpenter, J. F., sewing machines 271

Casa Grande Livery Stable 25S

Charcoal Works 250

Churches 251

Climate 247

Collins & Scales, furniture 283

Conant, G. F.. surveyor 283

Cotton Manufactures 255

Crane (& Brodix Investment Co 269

Crass, Head & Montgomery, contractors 277

Decatur Cornice Co 276

Decatur Land and Improvement Co 267

Decatur Livery and Transfer Co 278

Decatur Lumber Co 277

Exchange Bank 282

First National Bank 268

Furnaces 252

Healthfulness 247

Henlev, H. &Co., groceries 273

Hobart House 284

Hotel Bismarck 271

Howe, B. F. & Co., awnings 269

Howland & Co., engineers 273

Innis, J. M., architect 274

Jervis, J. D. & Co., builders' material 283

Johnson Block 248

Kentucky Restaurant 279

Kleibacker Lumber Co 278

Laughlin, Feehan & Co 284

Location 245

PJlQK

Machine Works 256

Marx, S., dry goods 274

Merchants' Insurance Co 267

Michigan Restaurant 280

Natural Wealth 253

Nelson, .T. M. .fe Son, real estate 274

New York Store 283

Nixon Bros., grocers 278

Norris, Parks & Pickens, real estate 274

Population 249

Progress, Record of 259

Railroad System 249

Real Estate 253

Recapitulation 261

Report of Decatur Land and Furnace Co 263

Rents 253

River 251

Schools 2.51

Secretary's Report 263

Sessions & Estes. furniture 275

Shipping Facilities 249

Siddons, G. W., boots and shoes 283

Southern Lumber Co . 272

Stanton, G. W., carriages 276

Steiner Hardware Co 272

Stuart, J. B., commission 278

Stuart, W. D., monuments 282

Sugars, J. S. & Co., watchmakers 279

Tate, R. H , cigars, etc 275-

The Tavern, hotel 281

'J'imber and Lumber 257

Toadvine Furniture Co 281

Transue & Goodwin, contractors 276

Union Furniture Co 273

Vandegrift, G. W & Co., real estate 270

Voght, C. F., photographer 281

Walden, D. &(.;o., real estate 275

Water Supply 249

West, I. M. & Son, architects 280

White, E. D., real estate . 268

Wilson, Wyatt & Co., insurance 279'

Wright, B.C., drugs 284

Young, E, K., merchandise 280-

GADSDEN.

PAGE

Agricola, Otto, hardware 312

Agricultural 291

Alexander & Hightower 308

Aycock, W. L., grocer 309

Bellevue Hotel 293

Berger, S. W. & Co., dry goods 300

Black Creek Falls 291

Churches 297

Climate 293

Coosa River Bridge 288

Elliott Car Co 301

First National Bank 301

Fletcher Bros. & Holcom be, grocers 310

Fuller & Chadwick, grocers 30'.>

Gadsden 287

Gadsden and Alabama Furnace Co 305

Gadsden Foundry and Machine Works 311

Iron Co 302

Land Co 299

Planing Mill 303

Hale & Co., grocers .303

Hallock, H. J., stoves 307

Health 293

Henry, Sam, general merchant 304

Hogan, R. J., paperhanger 307

Hughes, J. A. & Co., liquors .307

Johnson House 311

Lay, W. P., lumber 305

Lumber Industry 295

McDuffee & Christopher, general merchants 307

PAGE

Map of Alabama 314

Metallic Paint Co 305

Natural Resources 289

Nowlin, J. R., druggist 308

Paden, John S. A Co., cotton buyers 301

Palmetto Stables 304

Phillips Bros. & Co., clothing 303

Phillips, Campbell & Co., furniture 306

Pogue & Herzberg, merchants 300

Pope & Cassells, groceries 311

Printup House, The 2%-309

Price, J. B., general merchant 313

Queen City Bakery 313

Randall, R. O., jewelry 310

Real Estate 295

Rich, J. T., groceries 312

Riddle, S. W. & Co., grocers 302

River and Rail 289

Roden, John B. & Co., jewelers 312

Schools 297

Situation 289

Standifer, W. S., lumber 304

Steamboat Landing 290

Timber 291

Tolson Bros., dry gooHs 306

Walker <& Liddell, druggists 308

Waterworks 297

Wilev, J. H., real estate 313

Willett, W. H., architect 310-

Young, A. (fcCo., liquors 306-

350

Index.

TUSCALOOSA.

PAGE I

Alabama Central Female College 328

Allen it Jemison. hardware 327

Burton, M. I., printing 326

City. The 315

Coal and Iron 321

Dershide, J., tailor 326

Educational Centt^r 321

First National Bank 32o

Fitts, J. II. & Co 325

Forster, J., grocer 330

Friedman A Roseman, dry goods 330

Friedman A- Loveman, shoes 331

Gaudin, F. R.. grocer 325

Havs, T. N. & Co., grocers 330

Hemphill. R. C. & Co., grocers 328

Howell, \V. L. & Co.. groceries 328

Industrial Enterprises, built and under con-
tract 321

Insane Asylum 323

Leading Business Firms 323

PAGE

Leatherwood <0 Knox 329

Location 315

Lynch House 328

McGee, \V. E., photographer 326

McLain. R., jeweler 330

Manufacturing Point 319

Medlin cC- Gaudin. livery 331

Merchants' National Bank 325

Murphy, J., bakery 331

Perkins tfc Nicolson, shoes 325

Perry, Y. J., grocer 327

Residence, As a Place of 319

Resources and Position 315

Southern Pittsburg.- The 317

Turner, F. M., photographer 327

Warrior River 317

Washington Hotel 328

Wilson. Robert, mills 329

Yarn Mills 326

BESSEMER.

PAGE

Baltimore and Ohio Express Co 344

Berney Bros 342

Bessemer, The 344

Bessemer Brick Co 343

Bessemer Dummy Line 343

Bessemer Manufacturing Co 343

Bessemer 334

Brief Review of To-Day .3.37

Buchanan d- Lake 343

Carolina Real Estate Co 344

Crook, R. L. <t Bro 343

DeBardeleben Coal and Iron Co 341

Ellison. T. B 343

Forst, M. ctCo 343

■Grand Hotel 344

Hard, C. F. & Co 343

Howell, W. H 344

FAOE

.Tones. S. E. ct Co 343

Judson Agency 344

Kennellv cO Robertson 344

Marvel Citv Brick Co 343

McAdorv, N. M.<£-Co 343

Miller A Malone 343

Montezuma Hotel 344

Nabers, Morrow & Hendon 342

Natchez Land Co 344

Price of Lots 339

Progress 335

Root. G. L. & Co 343

Sewall, N. H 342

Southern Express Co 344

United States Express Co 344

Western Union Telegraph Co 344

J. p. MUDD & CO.

Stock and Qo^d brokers.

MEMBERS BIRMINGHAM STOCK EXCHANGE.
105 20tl:i Street, Birmingtiam, Ala..

REFERENCE: FIRST NATIONAL BANK.

The Private Dispensary

Guarantees Cures of SPECIAL DISEASES in Both Sexes

At Prices that Give Entire Satisfaction.

Room 31, Office Building, First Avenue. Office Hours:
8 to 12 M. and i to 5 p. m.

Can be found at Oswald House before and after hours.

DRS. TRIPPE & McCONNELL,

Physicians and Surgeons,

CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE.

SMARTT BROS. & CO,

LEADING WHOLESALE DEALERS IX

BOOTS AND SHOES,

803 Market and 802 Broad Streets,

CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE.

W. p. Newman.

J. R. Boyd.

S. K. Crusb. .

Newman, Boyd & Cruse,

'Imi Estate, Stock Brokers

-AND—

INSURANCE AGENTS,

Decatur, - - - Alabama,

MEMBERS REAL ESTATE AND STOCK EXCHANGE.

Selling Agents for the Decatur Land Companies.
Correspondence Solicited.

References : First National Bank and Exchange Bank.

THE ALLIANCE STORE.

Groceries and Plantation Supplies.

ALL GOODS DELIVERED FREE TO CUSTOMERS.

Motto: "Live and Let Live."

LOKEY COLLIER, Proprietor,

ATTALLA, ALABAMA.

Miles A. Hughes. "Walter E. Trippb>-

HUGHES & TRIPPE,

DEALERS IN

Shelf and Heavy Hard^vare.

Farming Implements, Buggies, Wagons, Etc.
ATTALLA, ALABAMA.

ST. LOUIS, MO.

MEMPHIS, TENN.

NASHVILLE, TENN.
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.

Jesse French Piano and Organ Co.

215 NORTH 21ST STREET, BIRMINGHAM, ALA.

(Will remove Oct. i to 2nd Avenue, between 2ist and 22nd Sts.)

c
o

Call and see us before making your purchases and be
convinced that we have the

FINEST STOCK OF GOODS IN THE SOUTH.

JESSE FRENCH PIANO AND ORGAN CO.

DR. L. G. WOODSON,

Late of the Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital,.
Baltimore, Maryland. Practice limited to diseases of the

VYV. V,

miTi

ROAT,

Glasses Accurately Adjusted to all Forms of
Defective Vision.

Refers to Medical Faculties: University of Virginia,
University of Maryland, and to Professors Julian J, Chisolm and
Herbert Harlan, Surgeons to Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital,
Baltimore, Md.

Office 19th Street, over F. A. Walter & Co.'s Drug Store,
opposite Post Office.

Massachusetts Benefit Association.

INCORPORATED 1878.

G. A. LITCHFIELD,

Secretary.

W. G. CORTHELL,

Treasurer.

HOME OFFICE: TREMONT TEMPLE, BOSTON.

P. W. CRAWFORD, MANAGER SOUTHWESTERN DEPARTMENT,

Little Rock, Arkansas.

Agents wanted in all the Southern States, with whom liberal
contracts will be made. For agencies in Alabama and Tennessee
address HALSTEAD & DHONAU,

Box 338, Birmingham, Ala.

READ OUR RECORD.— The largest Assessment Associa-
tion in New England. Over 14,000 members. Over $100,000
received from one assessment. ^225,000 in Reserve Fund.
6,500 members in Boston and vicinity. Issues an absolute policy
for a definite amount. ^$2, 300,000 paid in death losses. Issues
policies from ;$ 1,000 to ^10,000. Policies incontestable after five
years. Under the new strict Massachusetts law. Death and-
Expense Funds strictly separate. All policies paid in full.

JOHN MACKENZIE.

Manufacturer of and Dealer in

First Class Boots and Shoes,

At the Sign of the Golden Shoe,

204 19th Street, - Florence Hotel Block.

If your shoes are worn at heel or toe,
To JOHN MACKENZIE is the place to go.
They will be made to look as good as new
If you take them in at the GOLDEN SHOE.

Cotton i. General PioiIucb Commission ffleronant

ANIl

JOBBER of FRUIT and PRODUCE,
Cor. Ave. B and 20th St., - - BIRMINGHAM, ALA.

[Mr. Curry is a native of Pickens County, Alabama, and has been fourteen years in busi-
ness. He possesses superior ability as a merchant and is prompt and reliable in all his
dealings. He is thoroughly posted in this special line of business and has built up a large
and flourishing trade. Having had many years experience in general merchandising, Mr.
Curry will make purchases for his consignors free, and for others at 10 per cent, commission.
He solicits consignments from and correspondence with manufacturers and farmers. Ref-
ekenck:— Jefferson County Savings Bank.— Ed.]

(naiMi Printing Q!^9n

2016 MORRIS AVENUE, BIRMINGHAM, ALA.

BI.ANK BOOKS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

■iCatalogues, Price Lists, Books, Pamphlets, and Publications of all kinds a
Special Feature of this Establishment.

Slueen and Crescent Route.

:incinnati Southern, Alabama Great Southern, New Orleans and

North Eastern, Vicksburg and Meridian, Vicksburg

Shreveport and Pacific Railroads.

THE SHORT I QUICK LINE

TO — - •

ImRMINGHAM, DECATUR, • *" BESSEMER,

HUNTSVILLE. t15sKALOOSA, GADSDEN, .

and ALL POINTS in

ALABAMA.

lOUBLE DAILY SERVICE OF THROUGH EXPRESS TRAINS

AND • ■

Popular Local Train Aeeommodations.

OHN C. Gault, * R. Carroll, • H. Collbran,

Gen'l Manager. Gen'l Supt. Geii'l Pass'r Agt.

THE

leorgia Pacifie Rallwaj Company.

ir ■

The only Railway passing through
\TLANTA." GA., TALLAPOOSA, GA.,

ANNISTON, ALA., BIRMINGHAM, ALA.,
BESSEMER, ALA.

All Important Points in the Alabama Mineral Regions

Are on or near this Line.

Call for your tickets via the Georgia Pacific Railway.
'or full particulars apply to G. S. BARNUM, G. P. & T. A.,

Birmingham, Ala.

-# ^.

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