fliRMINEHAM. 
 
 ^/Inniston. 
 
 ^ECATUR. 
 QADSDEN. 
 
 UNTSVILLE 
 USCALOOSA. 
 
THE DEANE STEAM PUMP COMPANY 
 
 HOLYOKE, Ti^KSS. 
 
 MANaFAGfaRERS OF EVERY VARIETY OF 
 
 TV^KCHINERY. 
 
 Have Recently Opened an Office and Warerooms 
 No. 6 South 20th St. 
 
 BIRTV^INGHKTV^, MLM. 
 
 Where a Full Line of All Sizes and Styles of Pumps 
 will be Kept in Stock. 
 
 G. HERBERT ELLERBE 
 
 (Successor to MINNIGEROOE & ELLERBE) 
 
 eiRTV^INGHKTVV, KL-M. 
 
 Imn nine i FnmcE Imm 
 
 j^Q-jsi<rrr foe, 
 
 Pennsylvania Steel Company, 
 
 New Albany Rail Mill Company, 
 J. 0-. Brill Car Company, 
 
 Knoxville Car Wheel Company, 
 
 A. Leschens & Son Wire Rope Co. 
 Hughes Steam Pump Company, 
 Erie Engine Works. 
 
 Light Sections, Iroa Rails, Spikes, all sizes, Track Bolts and Nuts, Wire Rope, Waste, 
 Packing, Etc., CARRIED IN STOCK. 
 
 OFFICE: 2017 First Avenue. * WAREHOUSE: Ave. A, near 17tli St. 
 
 fSEK NOTICE OF OLD FIRM ON PAGE 119.1 
 
€<xlbxodl^nntm^ Company 
 
HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL REVIEW 
 
 MAILING AND SHIPPING GUIDE 
 
 florth? ® j^laba/T)a 
 
 (Illustrated) 
 
 Birmingham, Anniston, Gadsden, 
 
 Huntsville, Decatur, 
 
 Tuscaloosa and Bessemer 
 
 THEIR MANUFACTURING AND MERCANTILE INDUSTRIES, HISTORY, 
 PROGRESS, AND DEVELOPMENT 
 
 ^kcfc!)C0 o{ fuBEic ant) f ri&afc €iiimK\ 
 
 NEW YORK AND BIRMINGHAM : 
 Southern Commercial Publishing Company. 
 
 1888. 
 

 p^)^.^.ip^ ^.^ 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 A GLIMPSE OF NORTH ALABAMA 
 
 BIRMINGHAM - 
 
 ANNISTON ------ 
 
 HUNTSVILLE - - - " " 
 DECATUR ------ 
 
 GADSDEN - - • - 
 TUSCALOOSA - - - - ' 
 
 BESSEMER 
 
 GENERAL INDEX .- - - ■ 
 
 PAGE 
 9 
 
 15 
 
 173 
 
 211 
 
 245 
 
 287 
 
 315 
 
 333 
 
 340 
 
TNTReDaGTieN 
 
 f\ (ilimps<^ of l^ortf; /Alabama.* 
 
 A ORTH A J^ A BAM A to-day is the most prosperous and rapidly progres- 
 R I sive section of tlie South. The fame of its vast resources — its iron — 
 I \l '^*' *^''^^^' limestone, endless variety of miscellaneous minerals, timber 
 I ■ and soil and climate, — has spread throughout the world, and the 
 ^ remarkable development achieved within a decade has ])een the 
 
 wonder of two hemispheres. It is, indeed, surprising how the enormous wealth 
 of North Alabama, surr(junded by the most favorable conditioai for its devel- 
 opment, could have been permitted to lie dormant for so many years ; and we 
 doubt not that since it has now commenced to be developed in a so-und, 
 business-like manner, the new era which is only just dawning will lead to the 
 establishment of multiform manufacturing industries, which, in time, will 
 cause it to lead all other manufacturing regions of the Union. ' Free labor has 
 become a blessing, whilst slavery was a curse ; and while there may be tem- 
 porary setbacks, the future destiny of this region as a great manufacturing 
 country is now fully assured. The fact that most of these great resources are 
 at present owned by Sofuthern men, and are being developed with .Southern 
 capital, the readiness with which the laboring element, especially colored 
 laborers, has become skilled in mining and manufacturing, are matters of 
 as much surprise to non-residents as they are a gratification to Alabamians. 
 The great majority of the industries here have been started upon a 
 sound basis. If they shall be conducted on business principles they will 
 be verj' prosperous, because the available native resources and advantages 
 
 * The term, North Alabama, usually designates the extreme northern tier of counties^ 
 but in this work the term is used to include the counties of Jefferson, Calhoun, Morgan, Mad- 
 ison, Etowah, Tuscaloosa, Talladega, Jackson, DeKalb, Marshall, Cherokee, Cleburne, Clay, 
 Randolph, Chambers, Tallapoosa, Coosa, Chilton, Bibb, Shelby, Hale, Lamar, Fayet,te, 
 Walker, Blount, Winston, Cullman, Marion, Franklin, Lawrence, Colbert, Limestone and 
 Lauderdale — thirty-three in all. This is about one-third of the area of the State, and is 
 known as the mineral region proper, or the mountain, mining and manufacturing section. 
 
10 North Alabama. 
 
 are admitted. North Alabama is now attracting outside capital and immi- 
 gration on a scale it has never known before. It is coming into better posses- 
 sion of the means which are most useful in the normal development of its 
 powers. The effect is already in sight, for she is upon the threshold of a 
 future career more promising than she ever saw, and brighter than her most 
 sanguine son ever dreamed of twenty years ago. When we contrast the 
 present status, the North Alabama of to-day with that of 1865, then only can 
 the great transformation be seen to best advantage. In all material things 
 Alabama was poor beyond the power of words to tell in 1865, yet the people 
 were richer than they ever had been, for they W'ere freer than they ever had 
 been ; the blacks were liberated from shackles, and clogs were cut from the 
 feet of white men. All could run as they had never done before. A great 
 constraining force that checked enterprise, that hindered competition, that 
 compelled the practical denial of perfect freedom and the use of the energy, 
 the ambition and the potential capability of the people, was removed. Hence, 
 ■while they were poor in material resources, that is, in accumulated capital, 
 they were then rich in the opportunity which this new liberty opened to them. 
 This they have used, and this new order of things is their creation. To-day 
 the people are rich in their capital and developed resources, but richer still 
 in their energy and discipline at labor and business, in their knowledge of the 
 al)ounding native wealth and advantages of the State, and in the faith which 
 they have gained in their power for the development of these great resources, 
 and the transmutation of them into productive posterity.' 
 
 In the race of competition Alabama is leading, and is in the foremost rank 
 of the progressive States of the Young South. Ten years ago the value of her 
 taxable property was $135,535,792. To-day it is $225,000,000. Then the people 
 paid a tax rate of 7^ mills upon the former amount ; now they pay 5h mills on 
 the latter sum. While this may seem high, when the cause is known it will 
 stand as a mark of the honesty and integrity of the people. There" are sixty- 
 six counties in the State, and the last returns to the State Auditor from these 
 counties show this remarkable fact, that every county in the State, without a 
 single exception, gives in an increased valuation. The largest returns and the 
 greatest increase were from the counties of North Alabama, or the iron and 
 coal region of the State. JefFei'son County, in which is located the city of 
 Birmingham with its ever-rising values, the richest county in the State, shows 
 an increase for one year in taxable property of $26,524,598, an increase which 
 exceeds the sum total of that returned by one hundred and thirty-seven counties 
 in the State of Georgia. 
 
North Alabama. 11 
 
 ALABAMA'S ADVANCE 
 
 iri 
 
 The State, as an entirety, has made great advancement. The following is 
 from a recent publication : 
 
 " In the past seven years, since the census was taken, Alabama has made 
 sa greater advance in every line than during any corresponding seven years, or, 
 indeed, decade of its existence. This advance has not been confined, as so 
 many people imagine, to minerals alone, but is equally true of manufactures, 
 agriculture, commerce, railroad building, etc. 
 
 The farmers of the State are better organized to-day than ever before, and 
 ■have inaugurated a State Fair Association on a permanent and solid basis. 
 'The State has a Department of Agriculture, an agricultural college, two 
 ■experiment farms, which are already doing good work in instructing the 
 farmers in new lines of agriculture, horticulture and dairy farming, wliich 
 they have hitherto neglected. 
 
 Alabama possesses some of the finest farming lands in the South. These 
 lands can be bought cheap, and will produce almost every known variety of 
 -crop. Cotton is the great staple. The State has taken steps to invite and 
 -encourage immigration, and Commissioner Kolb, who has this matter in hand, 
 has already accomplished a good work. 
 
 In manufactures, particularly in those in which iron, wood and cotton 
 principally enter, there has been a startling advance, and the cities have, in 
 'Consequence, taken a new life and increased wonderfully in population and 
 ■wealth. 
 
 Of the mineral advance it is scarcely necessary to speak now. It has 
 "been the wonder of the whole country ; has shown a progress unequaled in 
 'this land of development. The best judges can form no idea of when it will 
 a-each its maximum ; and the prediction that Alabama will become the leading 
 suineral State of America, if not of the world, is one that no one cares to 
 •contradict. Finally, many miles of railroad have been built during these years. 
 
 In its schools and colleges, in its wealth and social condition, there has been 
 similar improvement. Alabama has gained more between 1880 and 1887, seven 
 j^ears, than in the previous twenty years. Its people no longex look back to 
 ■^ante-helium times, since it is to-day well ahead in wealth and prosperity of the 
 -Alabama of 1860, which rested nearly all its hopes upon cotton. 
 
 One of the chief reasons of the prosperity enjoyed by Alabama is the 
 iiact that its development is not confined to one branch of industry alone. No 
 State in the Union is more happily divided in this respect, or offers greater 
 "srarieties to the farmer, miner and mechanic. It fronts on the Gulf, and 
 
12 North Alabama. 
 
 possesses good fisheries there ; it has fertile lands — lands well covered ■with 
 timber, lands filled with valuable minerals, placed in the very best and most 
 profitable juxtaposition, and hence there is a chance for all classes here." 
 
 Looking at Alabama generally it will be noticed that it is divided into 
 sections or districts, quite distinct in their prevailing characteristics. These- 
 are known as the cereal, mineral, cotton and timber belts. 
 
 The cereal belt embraces the ten counties which lie upon the extreme- 
 northern boundary of the State, viz : Lauderdale, Limestone, Madison, 
 Jackson, DeKalb, Marshall, Morgan, Lawrence, Colbert and Franklin. 
 
 The mineral belt proper embraces the counties of Jefferson, Tuscaloosa^. 
 Talladega, Calhoun, Tallapoosa, Coosa, Chambers, Randolph, Clay, Shelby^ 
 Walker, Blount, Cullman, Winston, St. Clair, Etowah, Cherokee, Cleburne,. 
 Marshall, DeKalb, Jackson and Madison. Minerals are found, however, in 
 fifty-five of the sixty-six counties of the State. The cotton and timber belts- 
 include chiefly the central and southern tiar of counties. 
 
 The province of this work is to treat exclusively of the mineral portion of 
 the State. 
 
 The iron product of Alabama, reported by the American Iron and Steel 
 Associaton, shows for 
 
 1882 112,765 tons. 
 
 1883 172,465 tons. 
 
 18S4 189,664 tons. 
 
 1885 227,438 tons. 
 
 1886 283,859 tons. 
 
 1887 292,762 tons. 
 
 Estimate for 1888 585,524 tons. 
 
 This State is exceeded only by Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and New York: 
 (New York being only 400 tons in advance). The present year will show a, 
 large increase, and place Alabama second on the list. 
 
 The great wealth of North Alabama is her coal and iron. The proximity 
 of the former to the latter, the facility and cheapness with which each can 
 be mined, the availability of materials — all make it the cheapest iron- 
 producing region of the world. The soil, especially that in the famous 
 Tennessee Valley, is fertile. Farming lands can be bought at low prices and 
 on reasonable terms. The climate is mild and salubrious, possessing none of 
 the rigors and " blizzards " of a Northern winter, nor the hot and enervating: 
 effects of an extreme Southern summer. The timber is still largely of virgin 
 growth, and embraces all varieties of woods from pine to black walnut. The 
 educational facilities are year by year growing better, as the public school 
 
North Alabama. 
 
 13 
 
 system becomes more efficient. Educational advantages are given alike to 
 ■white and colored. The population is rapidly increasing, and is sober, indus- 
 trious and i^rogressive, and extends an invitation to all the world to come and 
 •enjoy the advantages . 
 
 This much we have said by way of introduction, and we now ask a careful 
 perusal of the detailed descriptive accounts of the live, progressive cities of 
 ]^orth Alabama, for, in setting forth the industrial advantages of each, we 
 discuss the claims of the entire section as a whole. 
 
 The succeeding pages present an array of facts, figures and illustrations 
 ■which is astonishing. No stranger can peruse the subjoined record of 
 progress without wonder, and no Alabamiaii can contemplate it without 
 •experiencing a pardonable pride in his State and feeling stimulated to renewed 
 energy in the great struggle for her ultimate supremacy. 
 
BIRMINGHAM'S record is without a parallel in the history of 
 American cities. Long ago the question of its success ceased 
 ^ to be a matter problematical. Its growth has been phenomenal 
 ■ and its history marvelous. Seventeen years ago it was not in 
 " existence — to-day it ranks with the older and progressive cities of 
 the Union, and is the recognized industrial center of the South. 
 Birmingham, the wonderful, is an astonishment, a revelation 
 to the stranger. To those who have never seen it, how can 
 we best describe this city of furnaces, iron works, steel works, 
 rolling mills, foundries and railroads? Birmingham is the home of every 
 industry that labor and capital, twin yoke-fellows, have set in motion. 
 It is a city of beautiful homes securely nestled in a lovely valley between 
 ranges of hills whose verdure scarce betrays the untold mineral wealth 
 beneath, which is so slightly vailed that men stand and wonder that it 
 should have lain concealed until fair Alabama, schooled by dear experi- 
 ence, should show herself worthy the stewardship of riches beyond all 
 human power to estimate. Birmingham— a city of trees, gardens, lakes, 
 parks, health and pleasure resorts ; a city of churches, whose spires point 
 upward to the source of all this goodly heritage; a city of banks, whose capi- 
 tal is active in developing varied interests; a city of schools, where the moral 
 and intellectual development of the ]>upils keeps pace with the commercial and 
 industrial development of its multiform enterprises; a city where the contin- 
 ual puffing of locomotives and the constantly ascending smoke and glare of 
 furnaces and roar of foundries can be seen and heard ; a city of horse cars and 
 dummy lines rushing in all directions, which, together with the hum of indus- 
 try, the rush and roar of innumerable trains, wagons, drays and carriages, 
 added to the dash of thousands of energized and electrified men — all consti- 
 
16 NoBTH Alabama. 
 
 tute a vivid picture of active life, the beholding of which must magnetize, and 
 galvanize, and quicken the pulses of the veriest sluggard, and put new vitality 
 into the very soul of apathy itself. Such is busy, bustling Birmingham, the 
 city of unceasing activities and unwearied energies, invincible in progress, 
 electrical in celerity, sure in results ; Birmingham, the best, biggest, brightest 
 and boldest exponent of the New South. 
 
 W HEN FOUNDED 
 
 The city was founded in 1871 by a company of capitalists, who had, in 
 December, 1870, organized the Elyton Land Company. One year later, in 
 December, 1871, the city received its charter. At that time the population 
 was from 700 to 1,000. They purchased 4,000 acres of land, where the city 
 now stands. The name selected for the new town, Birmingham, was sug- 
 gested by the immense resources of coal and iron existing in this immediate 
 section, which required no prophet to foretell the outcome, for the founders 
 knew the place would become a great iron manufacturing center, rivaling, if 
 not surpassing, its great English namesake. 
 
 JQCATION, ALTITUDE 
 
 It is located at a point about 50 miles north of the center of the State 
 and an equal distance from the Mississippi and Georgia lines. It is 100 
 miles from Montgomery, the capital ; 349 from New Orleans ; 207 from 
 Nashville ; 107 from Atlanta; 394 from Louisville; 479 from Cincinnati; 467 from 
 Savannah'; Chicago, 662, and from New York 1,017 miles. Its altitude above 
 the sea is 602 feet at the level of the railroad tracks. This is the lowest point 
 in the city ; the Highlands are 100 to 300 feet higher. Taking the lowest 
 altitude, '602 feet, the city is then 160 feet higher than Louisville ; 191 feet 
 higher than Nashville, and 168 feet higher than Blount Springs, the popular 
 health resort. 
 
 P OPULATION— GROWTH 
 
 The rapid increase in population has been something phenomenal. In 
 1880 (census) it was 4,500; in 1884 (actual count), 17,500; 1885 (actual 
 count), 21,347; 1886, 30,000; October, 1887 (by Directory count), 41,725, 
 and the estimated population now (June, 1888) is no less than 45,000. This 
 includes the city proper. Birmingham is the trade center for all the thriv- 
 ing towns and villages in the valley — Pratt Mines, Ensley, Gate City, and 
 half a score of others. All are easily and quickly reached by horse car and 
 dummy lines, which practically makes the District one city. 
 
BiBMINGHAM. 17 
 
 For instance : Pratt Mines, with a population of G,000, is the same distance 
 from this city as the distance between Trinity Church and Central Park, New 
 York City — fifteen minutes' ride. 
 
 The estimated population of the Birmingham District, exclusive of the 
 city, and including Bessemer, is 20,000. In reality, then, this city sustains 
 a population of at least fi-oni G5,000 to 70,000. 
 
 The deduction from these facts and figures, expressed paradoxically, is 
 that Birmingham is really larger than appears, and is the largest city of its size 
 in the South. * 
 
 CHARACTER OF POPULATION. 
 
 About 40 per cent, of the population is colored. Statistics kept during 
 the last few years show the whites increasing in a more rapid ratio than 
 the blacks. The white element is for the most part composed of Alabamians, 
 with a large proportion from each of the Southern States — Georgia, Tennessee, 
 Mississippi, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Louisiana and Kentucky. 
 Fully 80 per cent, of the white population is native (Southern) born, and 
 75 per cent, of the business men are young men, full of energy, vim and a 
 wide-awake spirit. While conservative in views they are liberal in policy, and 
 have placed the commercial and manufacturing interests of the city on a basis 
 sound in principle, safe in nature and broad in character. It is fortunate, 
 indeed, for Birmingham that her future is in the hands of enterprising young 
 men, and a matter of pride to every Southern man to know the work here 
 accomplished has been chiefly through home energy and capital. 
 
 A. 
 
 GREAT RAILWAY CENTER 
 
 Birmingham is one of the greatest railw^ay centers in the South, and has 
 but few equals in the North, and as an aspirant for commercial honors she has 
 but few successful rivals. The magnificent system of railroads which has 
 this city as a radiating point, the large banking facilities, its capital exceed- 
 ing largely that of any other city in the State, and its fine location as a dis- 
 tributing point have combined to insure its success. 
 
 The cool, calculating, far-seeing railroad magnates realize the future that 
 is in store for this city, and, heeding neither boom nor lull, are making 
 every effort to reach this modern " Eldorado." The roads already in operation, 
 including the Louisville & Nashville, Queen & Crescent, Georgia Pacific, and 
 Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham, are overcrowded with business, and 
 are continually enlarging their facilities for handling the rapidly increas- 
 ing traffic: The Louisville & Nashville alone has now sixty miles of branch 
 roads tapping the various mines, furnaces, manufactories, etc., of the District. 
 The Georgia Central and the Sheffield & Birmingham are now in operation, 
 the former having its tracks already completed to this city, with the exception 
 of a few unimportant connections. The Huntsville & Birmingham, the Mobile 
 & Birmingham, and the Georgia Pacific Extension, from Columbus, Miss., to the 
 Mississippi River, are already under construction, and the Selma & Birming- 
 ham and the Atlantic Air-Line are surveyed, and will probably be com- 
 
PIIIIM^^^^^ i'pViiiiiii;iiii,iai;;i,-JrtfiiJiyiy 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 19 
 
 menced soon. These and other roads contemplated show conclusively the 
 high position Birmingham holds in the estimation of the railroad world. 
 With such facts existing, what wonder that from a sage field in 1871 we have 
 a city of over 45,000 in 18SS, and the District approximates 70,000 souls, 
 which is more than double the population two years ago ? 
 
 The following diagram shows the roads now in operation, under construc- 
 tion and prospective for Birmingham, and their relative location on entering 
 the city : 
 
 (a) Projected. (6) Built to Selma. 
 
 There are also several belt roads and short mineral roads forming a perfect 
 network about the city. 
 
 The Union Passenger Station, the handsomest in the South, is in the 
 center of both the city and the " Railroad Reservation." The latter is a large 
 tract that was given for railroad purposes exclusively. 
 
20 North A-labama. 
 
 T HE CITY 
 
 Birmingham is situated in Jones' Valley, and the city proper b dway 
 between the North and the South Highlands (Red Mountain), the distance 
 between these two ridges being two miles. The area occupied by 
 the city is five square miles. The surface is a succession of undu- 
 lating plateaus, with a gentle slope from north to south, which gives an 
 easy and natural drainage. The plan of the city was made with a view to 
 secure drainage and perfect street ventilation. 
 
 The city is brilliantly lighted with gas and two systems of electricity. 
 Horse cars and dummy lines penetrate in all directions, and it is admitted 
 that the street railway system is most perfect and complete. The city presents 
 a busy scene of activity unsurpassed in the South. Its architecture is becom- 
 ing each succeeding year more metropolitan in character, handsome buildings 
 going up on all sides. Those recently completed, and now building, four 
 to six-story structures, would be ornaments to any city of the Union. 
 
 f ITY GOVERNMENT 
 
 The city government consists primarily of a Mayor and a Board of Alder- 
 men, elected biennially, each ward being represented. The Treasurer, Clerk 
 of Council, City Engineer and the various commissioners on streets, sanitary 
 affairs, police, etc., are apijointed by the Mayor and Board of Aldermen. The 
 Board of Education is a separate body, elected for a term of years, and whose 
 exclusive duty is the welfare of the public schools. The city is under the 
 protection of an efficient police force and a fire department. The latter is 
 regarded among the best in the State. It is composed of both paid and volun- 
 teer companies. Electric fire alarm boxes are placed throughout the city, 
 and are connected with the two central alarm stations. Recent additions 
 have added greatly to the efficiency of the Department. 
 
 P LIMATE, HEALTH, ETC. 
 
 The climate will compare with that of any city in the South. Here is 
 never experienced the extremes of temperature found in the Northern Lake 
 States in winter and in the Gulf States in summer, seldom going above 90 
 degrees or lower than 15 degrees above zero. In summer, while the ther- 
 mometer sometimes rises among the nineties, the nights are always cool and 
 pleasant. The location is favorable, naturally conducive to pleasant summer 
 weather, for, being in a valley between mountain ridges, there are usually, day 
 and night, cool breezes. These mountain ridges protect and shield the city 
 from the cold winds of winter. Snow is of unfrequent occurrence, and the 
 streams are rarely frozen over. Occasionally, during the winter ice is found 
 one-fourth of an inch thick. The weather never gets so bad and disagreeable 
 as to cause a cessation of business, and this section is free from Northern 
 blizzards. 
 
22 North Alabama. 
 
 The mortuary report of Birmingham shows a remarkably healthful city. The 
 average death rate of both white and colored is 16 in 1,000. This is the mojithly 
 average from statistics kept for several years past. The death rate among the 
 colored population, has been greater than this, and that among the whites less. 
 Compared with other cities the advantage is in favor of Birmingham. For 
 instance, in England the death rate at Leeds is 22 in the 1,000; Sheffield, 21 ; 
 Manchester, 27. Of American cities, San Francisco's mortuary report shows 
 19 to every 1,000 of the population ; Boston, 2-3; New Orleans, 24; Atlanta, 19; 
 Chicago, 31. The city has nothing, in its surroundings to produce disease^ 
 and with a perfected system of drainage and an abundant supply of pure 
 mountain water, there is no reason why it should not be the most healthful 
 city in the Union. 
 
 fj RAINAGE AND SEWERAGE 
 
 There is a popular belief among people at a distance that this city has • 
 inferior drainage, and hence is in bad sanitary condition. There never was a 
 greater mistake. Many have this impression simply because Birmingham is 
 an inland city, while others ascribe various causes. We believe this city, while 
 unusually healthful now, will grow to be the most healthful city in the Union. 
 We will give some reasons for our belief : 
 
 The city being located on a succession of undulatory plateaus is so situated 
 as to subserve all the purposes of a natural drainage. When an adequate 
 sewerage system is completed, nothing more will be left to be desired in 
 this particular. The system adopted is the Waring, one of the best 
 and most popular known to sanitary engineering. This system is being 
 extended into all parts of the city as fast as possible, for it is the intention of 
 the authorities to make the sewerage perfect and complete. 
 
 This system has been adopted in Philadelphia, Chicago, Louisville, Kan- 
 sas City, Memphis, and other large cities. Birmingham was the first city south 
 of Memi^his to adopt it. Fifteen miles have been built within the last three 
 years, and it is being constructed at the rate of seven to eight miles a year. 
 
 The sewers are regularly flushed, and the offal is conducted four miles 
 southwest of the city where it is emptied into a large creek, which flows into ■ 
 the Warrior River. This system of sewerage, in conjunction with the enlarged 
 water works system, is an admirable one, for it is most thorough and effectual 
 in improving the city's sanitary condition — thus promoting its healthfulness. 
 
 The natural drainage, supplemented with the admirable Waring system, 
 will leave nothing more to be desired regarding the sanitary condition of 
 Birmingham. 
 
 y ATER AND WATER WORKS 
 
 The supply of pure fresh water is of prime importance in a large, growing 
 city. It is at the very fountain head of health, and is a question always • 
 asked by prospective investors. The system of water works is owned and 
 controlled by the Birmingham Water Works Company, Avhieh is a guarantee 
 
Birmingham. 23 
 
 oi satisfactoi-y management. The present supply is not equal to the future 
 demand, though it was thought to be when built. Being always alive ta 
 the best interests of Birmingham, both present and prospective, the Birming- 
 ham Water Works Company, at their meeting in May last, decided to appro- 
 priate $500,000 for the enlargement of the present system. The plan proposed 
 is to tunnel Red Mountain and bring water from the Cahaba River, a 
 distance of eight miles, which will give an abundant supply of freestone water 
 for a city of 500,000 population. This will give a pressure in the city that 
 ■will throw streams to the tops of the highest buildings and will almost entirely 
 dispense with fire engines. It will be ample, also, for keeping the streets well 
 -watered, laying the dust in summer, and flooding and cleaning sewers^ 
 In a few months the pure water from the Cahaba River on the east will be 
 brought into the city, the waste being conducted through pipes and sewers 
 until it reaches the Warrior River on the southwest. In other words, a river 
 of pure, freestone mountain water will flow directly through the city, fur- 
 nishing an abundant supply for all purposes, cleansing and purifying in its 
 course, and the natural result will be one of the cleanest and most healthful 
 cities on the continent. The conception to tunnel Red Mountain and turn the 
 Cahaba River through this city was a bold and grand one, and gives at 
 once the solution to the question of Birmingham's future health fulness. It is 
 confidently believed that this enlargement of the water works will be com-^ 
 pleted wyitliin the next twelve months. 
 
 P ANKS, BANKING 
 
 A true exponent of the wealth of a city and degree of prosperity of its 
 business interests is the condition of its banks. The number, capital and 
 amount of business of Birmingham's banks is far in excess of other Southern 
 cities of the same size, and is larger ia many instances than cities double the 
 population. There axe five national, three private and three savings banks in 
 this city, with an aggregate capital surplus and undivided profit of $2,750,000. 
 The con^bined deposits will amount to $2,500,000, giving the total available 
 banking resources $5,250,000. 
 
 This is an unusual exhibit for a seventeen-year-old city, and is one of the 
 best evidences of the thrift, prosperity and immense amount of business trans- 
 acted. The banks are all committed to a wise and economic policy, and under 
 safe and conservative management. 
 
 p UBLIC SCHOOLS 
 
 One of the first questions asked by a stranger, or prospective citizen, is, 
 What are your educational facilities? Good schools are of prime importance^ 
 for they are the leading factors in the elevation and enlightenment of citizen- 
 ship. The city has a system of Public Schools of which she may well feel 
 proud. The system embraces three Departments: Primary, Grammar and 
 
24 North Alabama. 
 
 High School. In the High School a nominal tuition is charged ; the other 
 departments are free. 
 
 Equal and ample provision is made for colored children in separate huild- 
 ings. Several of the school edifices are vt^j' handsome in architectural design. 
 The system, though scarcely five years old, is ranked among the hest in the 
 South. It is an adaptation to the needs of the city. The course of study is com- 
 prehensive, and the instruction thorough. The pupils are taught by methods 
 which attract rather than repel, which make the prosecution of their studies 
 a labor of love rather than heavy drudging. Pupils who commence in the 
 Primary Department and follow the prescribed course until they complete the 
 High School studies, will have a finished collegiate education, such as is not 
 always afforded Ijy many colleges. The schools are under the supervision of a 
 Board of Education and Supei'intendent. The Board is composed of seven 
 members, the Mayor being an ex officio mend^er and President. The Super- 
 intendent is Secretary of the Board. 
 
 There are eight buildings, thirty-four scliools and thirty-eight teachers. 
 In round numbers the value of school property is .$100,000. The school 
 buildings are supplied with every convenience, well lighted and thoroughly 
 ventilated. The attendance for the present scholastic year will exceed 3,000. 
 
 Superintendent Phillips, in his last annual report, says of the growth of 
 the system : 
 
 "In forming an estimate of the character and efiiciency of our Public 
 School system, the newcomer or the critic must apply the same standard of 
 measurement that he would use with reference to any other department of 
 our municipal government. The age of the institution and the conditions of 
 its growth must be considered. No one expects the same degree of perfection, 
 the same harmony of conditions, in a city sixteen years of age and one whose 
 custom.s and institutions have been crystalized by the cumulating experience 
 of half a century. It must be renumibered that our present school system 
 represents a growth of hut five years. Until 1885 the schools vrere under the 
 control of the Board of Mayor and Aldermen. That body, overwhelmed with 
 a multiplicity of details incident to the building of a city, could not be 
 expected to give the schools the time or the attention their importance 
 demanded. The enactment of a law by tlie General Assembly in February, 
 1885, creating a Board of Education for the city, and prescribing its duties, 
 brought about a much desired change. The system as it now stands is suf- 
 ficient comment upon the work of this body since its organization. 
 
 "It must also be remembered that every sacccsfiful system of schools is a 
 growth, and that in all natural, healthy growth, time is an important element. 
 Favorable conditions may hasten it ; assiduous study and care may properly 
 direct it; conservative management may render it permanent. •■■ * * 
 
 " We may assert with safety that the Public School system of Birmingham 
 is in no sense an importation. It is simply a growth, developed by the 
 peculiar character of her people. It is a tangible response to a popular 
 demand, the embodiment of public sentin:kent " 
 
CALDWELL HOUSE. 
 
26 North Alabama. 
 
 ]:[ OWARD COLLEGE— PRIVATE SCHOOLS 
 
 In addition to the pul)lic schools is Howard College, and a number of 
 private schocjls in the city and suburbs. Howard College, for boys and young 
 men, one of the oldest and best educational institutions of the State, is located 
 at East Lake, live miles distant. This institution is under the control, of the 
 Baptists, and has had a long record of usefulness. Until recently Marion, 
 Alabama, was its home. New and handsome buildings will soon be erected. 
 The attendance is one hundred and fifty. A more extended notice will be 
 found in another portion of this work. 
 
 Belleview Academy, a notice of which will be found elsewhere in 
 this volume, is located in the extreme northern part of the city. A young 
 ladies' seminary will soon be established in or near the city. Numerous 
 private schools for boys and girls are in all parts of the city and suburbs. 
 Witli such educational facilities there is nothing more to be desired in this 
 resjiect. 
 
 f HURCHES, SOCIETIES, ETC. 
 
 The religious and social advantages of Birmingham, as shown by the sub- 
 joined list, are indicative of the cosmo^iolitan character of the city. The 
 principal religious denominations are represented in the thirty-seven churches. 
 There are five military companies ; a gentlemen's social club, with a magnifi- 
 •cent clubhouse ; three German (dancing) clubs ; a lawn tennis association ; 
 a glee club ; two dramatic associations ; a Society for the Prevention of Cruelty 
 to Animals ; a United Charities Association ; two societies of German people ; 
 a post of the Grand Army of the Republic; two lodges of Good Templars; 
 six Masonic orders ; five lodges of Odd Fellows ; a lodge of Knights of Honor ; 
 two lodges of Knights and Ladies of Honor; twelve assemblies of Knights of 
 Labor ; three lodges of Knights of Pythias ; one lodge of the Knights of the 
 ■Golden Rule ; one Ancient Order of United Workmen ; one Brotherhood of 
 Locomotive Engineers ; one Iron Molders' Union ; one National Union ; one 
 order of Iron Hall ; one order of Railroad Conductors ; oi>e Typographical 
 Union. 
 
 S TREET RAILROADS 
 
 No city of the South has a more complete and perfect street railroad sys- 
 tem. Indeed, there are few cities in the Union of even twice the pop- 
 ulation that have a system so efiicient. There are in operation here seven 
 dummy and seven horse car lines — fourteen in all. The former aggre- 
 gate forty-six miles, and the latter twenty miles, making a total of sixty-six 
 
Birmingham. 27 
 
 •miles of street railways in operation. Almost every portion of the city can be 
 reached in a few minutes, the uniform fare being five cents for any distance. 
 "The dummy lines have done much toward building up the city, and develop- 
 ing and populating the outlying districts. Villages five, six and seven miles 
 •distant are, by this rapid transit, within only a few minutes' ride. As resi- 
 •dence suburbs they are popular with business men, and especially during the 
 .'.summer months. 
 
 The largest and most attractive of these 
 
 S UBURBAN VILLAGES 
 
 -are Avondale, East Birmingham, Gate City, North Birmingham, East Lake, 
 JEnsley City, Pratt Mines, Birmingham-Ensley, Smithfield, Elyton, Woodlawn, 
 Highlands, Lakeview, West End, Cleveland, Powderly and Jonesville, as well 
 as the larger places, Bessemer, Irondale and Leeds. At all are stores, churches 
 and schools. 
 
 The three popular summer resorts are Lakeview, North Birmingham and 
 East Lake. At each place are parks, lakes, walks, drives, pavilions, and all 
 the attractions of summer resorts. These places are liberally patronized by 
 •the citizens, and are each year becoming more beautiful. 
 
 p UBLIC BUILDINGS, RESIDENCES, ETC. 
 
 This city has a number of buildings, compkted and now building, which 
 'would be a credit to older and larger cities. 
 
 The character of buildings now being constructed are larger, more elab- 
 •orate and ornate, and are furnished with all the improved conveniences — 
 ■water, elevators, electric light, etc. Congress has recently appropriated 
 $300,000 for the erection of a fine Government building, which will be among 
 the handsomest public buildiiogs in the State. The Union Depot is the largest 
 and handsomest in the South. The Episcopalians are erecting a handsome 
 •church, and one for the Presbyterians is nearing completion. The Baptists 
 have a fine church edifice on the North Side. The plans of a grand Masonic 
 Temple have been drawn, and it will probably be constructed in the near 
 future. In the number, beauty and style of her private residences, Birming- 
 ham will compare with any Southern city. On the North and South High- 
 lands are homes as beautiful as can be found anywhere. The style of archi- 
 -tecture is unique and beautiful. 
 
Birmingham. 29 
 
 J AXES AND TAXATION 
 
 The surest evidence of the wealth, power and degree of prosperity of a 
 city is in the amount of its taxable property. In this respect Birmingham can 
 make an unusual exhibit. The valuation of property for taxable purposes in 
 the city in 1881 was $2,953,375.37 ; in 1887, $33,019,485. 
 
 Total assessed valuation of real estate for Jeflerson County: 
 
 1881 $ 2,698,515 81 
 
 1887 29,229,666 00 
 
 Total assessed valuation of personal i)roperty for Jefferson County : 
 
 1881 $ 1,853,445 37 
 
 1887 10,898,280 00 
 
 Total assessed valuation of real estate of Birmingham District : 
 
 1S81 $ 1,682.426 00 
 
 1887 23,954,588 00 
 
 Total assessed valuation of personal property of Birmingham District : 
 
 1881 $ 1,270,949 37 
 
 1887 9,064,897 00 
 
 Total State tax : 
 
 1881 $ 33,258 98 
 
 1887 221,501 76 
 
 Total county tax . 
 
 1881 $ 28,331 21 
 
 1887 100,319 86 
 
 These figures show what a marvelous growth there was in six years. The 
 rate of taxation is low, and is as follows : 
 
 City tax 51^ cents on $100 
 
 County tax 35 " " " 
 
 State tax 55 " " " 
 
 Total $1 4U " " " 
 
 This rate, taken in connection with the debt of the city — $355,000 — a mere 
 trifle, places Birmingham at the head of the list as to credit and solvency. The 
 3 
 
30 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 following comparative table, showing amount of debt and tax on each $100 of 
 fifteen important cities will be interesting : 
 
 NAME OF CITY. 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 Bath, Maine 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Columbus, Ohio 
 
 Covington, Kentucky 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa 
 
 Jersey City 
 
 Milwauliee, Wisconsin 
 
 Minneapolis, Minnesota 
 
 Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 
 
 Richmond, Virginia 
 
 Rochester, New York 
 
 Louisville, Kentucky 
 
 St Paul, Minnesota 
 
 Savannah, Georgia 
 
 Wilmington, North Carolina 
 
 Amount of Debt. 
 
 Tax on Each ?100. 
 
 355,000 
 
 9lAl% 
 
 1,618,000 
 
 2.50 
 
 20,700,000 
 
 2.38 
 
 1,700,000 
 
 2.26 
 
 1,023,000 
 
 1.85 
 
 500,000 
 
 4.50 
 
 15,000,000 
 
 2.90 
 
 2,200,000 
 
 2.50 
 
 1,500,000 • 
 
 1.92 
 
 ]3,.370,000 
 
 2.92 
 
 4,750,000 
 
 1.95 
 
 5,300,000 
 
 2.86 
 
 4,100,000 
 
 2..35 
 
 2,000,000 
 
 2.10 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 3.00 
 
 520,000 
 
 1,75 
 
 Bath, Des Moines, Savannah, Covington and Wilmington have less popu- 
 lation than Birmingham, yet the debt of each and rate of taxation are much 
 larger. 
 
 Of the other cities it will be found, when population is taken into con- 
 sideration, that the comparison will be in favor of Birmingham. The annexed 
 table shows the population, assessed value, annual expenses and debt per 
 capita of the principal cities in the United States : 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 Louisville, Ky 
 
 New Orleans, La 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Detroit, Mich 
 
 St. Paul, Minn 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 St. Louis, Mo 
 
 Newark, N. J 
 
 Albany, N. \' 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y' 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 
 New York, N. Y 
 
 Cleveland, O 
 
 Cincinnati, O 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Charleston, S. C 
 
 Nashville. Tenn 
 
 Galveston, Tex 
 
 Richmond, Va 
 
 Norfolk, Va 
 
 Birmingham (1888) on a basis of 
 
 1880 Census. 
 Population. 
 
 233,959 
 
 123,758 
 
 216,090 
 
 332,313 
 
 362,839 
 
 116,340 
 
 41,473 
 
 55,785 
 
 3.50,518 
 
 136,.508 
 
 90,758 
 
 1.55,134 
 
 566,663 
 
 89,366 
 
 1,206,299 
 
 160,146 
 
 255,139 
 
 156,387 
 
 847,170 
 
 49,98-1 
 
 43,350 
 
 22,248 
 
 63,600 
 
 21,906 
 
 45,000 
 
 Assessed Value 
 Per Capita. 
 
 $1,045 00 
 532 00 
 425 00 
 734 00 
 1,690 00 
 715 00 
 579 00 
 190 00 
 472 00 
 611 00 
 372 00 
 541 00 
 411 00 
 471 00 
 907 00 
 441 00 
 664 00 
 599 00 
 087 00 
 451 00 
 308 00 
 070 00 
 621 00 
 503 00 
 733 00 
 
 Annual Ex- 
 pense per 
 Capita. 
 
 $24 20 
 
 12 26 
 7 22 
 
 21 96 
 50 51 
 
 13 57 
 12 37 
 
 5 60 
 16 59 
 40 25 
 12 99 
 
 9 22 
 25 27 
 
 12 31 
 55 20 
 16 35 
 25 25 
 
 15 86 
 27 58 
 
 13 78 
 11 58 
 13 46 
 
 16 94 
 19 07 
 
 4 00 
 
 Debt 
 Per Capita. 
 
 $13 08 
 
 39 19 
 82 08 
 
 2 57 
 77 84 
 19 62 
 
 36 81 
 24 00 
 
 65 18 
 
 66 44 
 
 40 59 
 52 93 
 
 67 13 
 60 00 
 90 71 
 40 38 
 86 20 
 90 38 
 64 01 
 82 61 
 
 37 05 
 45 99 
 69 17 
 99 58 
 
Birmingham. 31 
 
 V- OLUME OF BUSINESS 
 
 The annual volume of the iron, coal and miscellaneous manufacturing 
 business is $25,000,000. The wholesale and retail trade aggregates $26,000,000, 
 and the combined railroad business is $5,000,000, making in all a grand total of 
 fifty-six millions. It must be remembered the figures of to-day will not be 
 accurate to-morrow. The city is rapidly growing, expanding in all direc- 
 tions, and there is scarcely a day that does not witness the inauguration of 
 some new mercantile or manufacturing enterprise. The iron and coal inter- 
 ests were never larger or more prosperous than now. The wholesale business a 
 few years ago was insignificantly small, now it is a leading factor in the city's 
 commercial growth. This city is peculiarly located for conducting a large 
 jobbing trade. Its central position, numerous railroads, ample capital and 
 wealth of resources — all make it the natural supply depot for the Central 
 South. We will take occasion to state just here that the total amount of capital 
 employed in banking, merchandising, manufacturing and mining in Birming- 
 ham and JeflTerson County is $57,165,000. The manufactured product is 
 shipped throughout the United States, to Canada, Mexico, and exported to 
 JEuropean countries. 
 
 ]^ EAL ESTATE— A CONSERVATIVE VIEW 
 
 Written especially for this publication by Gilmer Meriwether, Esq., Birmingham. 
 
 There has been a deal of talk for and against Birmingham real estate, 
 extreme opinions having been freely expressed on both sides. Birmingham 
 will be most benefited by what it most needs — a plain statement of facts, 
 which we state as a preface to this subject. 
 
 The population is between 45,000 and 50,000. It is situated 600 to 700 feet 
 above sea level, and possesses a mild and invigorating climate. The system of 
 j-ailroads, dummy lines and street railroads is very complete and is steadily 
 enlarging. The streets and sidewalks are, as a rule, inferior, owing to the 
 growth of the city, which has been so rapid for the past two years that it has 
 been impossible to keep pace in the matter of street improvements. The 
 water works (recently completed) supply pure water from springs located 
 seven (7) miles above the city. The natural incline of the valley is sufficient 
 ior all drainage purposes. The sewerage system of the city is fairly good and 
 is being rapidly improved. The debt, which consists of 8 per cent, twenty-year 
 bonds, issued for general city improvement, amounts to only $355,000, being 
 scarcely more than 1 per cent, of the taxable value of city property. Taxes 
 «ire light, State, county and city amounting to only 1.415 per hundred dollars, 
 of which ninety cents is State and county. 
 
 There is a well-founded opinion among non-interested parties that, taking 
 the present status of the city into consideration, regardless of its future, the 
 prices of real estate are, as a general thing, in advance of the size and wealth 
 
^5, 
 
 
Birmingham. 33 
 
 of the city. A corner lot sold during " The Boom " for $1,000 per front foot, and 
 ■could not now be bought for less money. The prices of central business prop- 
 -erty range from $300 to $1,000 per front foot, and when well improved pro- 
 •duces from 10 per cent, to 20 per cent, on the total cost of lot and building. 
 Prospective business lots are worth from $50 to $300 per front foot, and are 
 -jiow almost universally occupied as residences. 
 
 Strictly residence property, well located as to neighborhood and availa- 
 bility, is worth from $30 to $80, and when located in the manufacturing portion 
 of the city brings from $10 to $30 per foot. While the higher priced property 
 of this class does not produce the percentage that should be derived from the 
 investment, that ranging from $10 to $50 nets from 15 per cent, to 30 per cent, 
 •on total amount invested. Acre property situated in the valley within six 
 miles of the city is held at from $50 to $500 per acre, prices varying according 
 to distance from city, proximity to dummy railroads, general location, etc. 
 The immediate income which this can be made to produce is insignificantly 
 .small. Summing up the preceding with reference to the present only, we 
 •draw the following conclusions: First. Business property and the cheaper 
 ^class of residence property are good investments even at boom, prices. Second. 
 Prospective business property, the better class of residence property and acre 
 property are held at prices not warranted by the size of the city. A large pro- 
 portion of investors, therefore, must rely on the future success of the city to 
 make their property produce a paying income. 
 
 In the matter of centrally located business property, prices are not high 
 ■when compared to those in many Northern and Western cities. A great many 
 ^people have misunderstood the price of real estate in Birmingham. In order 
 ."to show the price of city lots here, in contrast to prices ruling in towns and 
 ••cities, let us give a few figures — 
 
 In St. Paul business property is now selling at from $1,800 to $2,500 per 
 4ront foot. Between St. Paul and Minneapolis is an "open" of say twelve 
 miles; midway between these two towns, and among farms and cabbage 
 igardens, property is now selling at between $150 and $200 per front foot. In 
 Fargo, Dak., on the Red Kiver of the North, property is readily sold at $1,400 
 •to $1,800 per front foot. This is in a town of 8,000 inhabitants, dependent 
 lupon wheat alone. In Helena, Mon., a town of 20,000 population, a mile from 
 lown and 800 feet from the railroad station, property sold in July at $180,000, 
 ior 180 feet front. At Seattle, on Puget Sound, property sells at $2,500 per 
 iront foot. In San Francisco, on Sacramento street, not a business street, 34 
 sfeet front was sold in July for $29,500. In Los Angeles, Cal., property brings 
 ■easily $3,500 per front foot, and outside lots from $250 to $300 per front foot. 
 iln San Diego, Cal., business property readily brings $3,000 per front foot. 
 
 Now, compare this exhibit with prices asked in Birmingham, which 
 lias equal, if not superior advantages, to any of the towns named. Here the 
 highest piece of property has been sold, one lot, 100xl82J, for $1,000 per front 
 jfoot. A few lots favorably located have brought $700 to $750 per front foot. 
 Thus much for what the public has understood to be the excessively high 
 iprices ruling in Birmingham. 
 
 Birmingham's future success, on which many investors are dependent, is 
 Ibased upon the proximity and availability of the deposits of coal, iron and 
 ilimestone, shown, by succeeding articles, to exist in such unlimited quantities. 
 
34 North Alabama. 
 
 A town of 50,000 is but a mere village comYjared to the city which the- 
 unequaled mineral resources of this section will support. Upon these resources^, 
 then, rests the secret of the so-called (nominally) high prices. Regardless- 
 of the future thty are high, and have always been so ; in fact, were higher 
 when the property could have been purchased for $10 per acre than now when 
 the same sells for $100 per foot. And are higher now at $100 per foot than 
 they will be ten years hence at ten times that amount. It takes no prophet to 
 divine the future of Birmingham. It is as certain as is the fact that self- 
 interest and avarice are the incentives which will continue through the ages- 
 to move mankind. 
 
 P ENTS, COST OF LIVING 
 
 In considering the advantages of a city there are none of more vital import- 
 ance, at least to the laborer, than the questions of rent and cost of living. Much; 
 unfavorable comment by non-residents has been made regarding high rents 
 here. Rents were high, and some classes of property are still high — the natural 
 effect of an unprecedented demand for houses during " The Boom " of. 
 1886-87. In a rapidly growing city rents are always high and command a. 
 premium. There has not been a time here in four years until now when there 
 were enough houses for the people. The large number of new houses built 
 within the last year has removed a great pressure. Present prices are accord- 
 ing to the location and character of the house. Cottages of three to four 
 rooms, located half a mile from the business center, rent from $12 to $15 per 
 month, one mile distant, $10 to $12 per month ; two to three-room houses in 
 suburbs rent for $3 to $5 per month ; houses from seven to ten rooms bring from, 
 $25 to $50, according to location ; single rooms in the business center rent,, 
 furnished, from $10 to $15 per month ; unfurnished, from $4 to $10. Centrally 
 located business property commands fancy rents, and there is no city in the 
 country where an investment in central city property will pay better than here 
 in Birmingham. Good stores in business center rent from $75 to $300 jser 
 month. The large number of new stores and residences going up will have 
 the effect of equalizing rents, and in October next prices will be reduced ta 
 figures at which no tenant can complain. 
 
 Next in importance to rents is the cost of living. Groceries are as cheap 
 here as in any city of the same size, competition causing only a small margin 
 of profits on all staple commodities. Vegetal>les, country produce and fruits 
 in season are furnished in abundance from the truck farms and gardens of 
 Jefferson and adjacent counties. Fish, oysters and game reach here in a few 
 hours from the Gulf. The city has two public markethouses, located nearly 
 a mile apart — one on the North and the other on the South Side. . We have- 
 not given prices of eatables, for the prices to-day change to-morrow. We will 
 say, in a word, that the housekeeper can supply her table as cheaply here as 
 anywhere, and have a market supplied with all the luxuries and delicacies of 
 the season. Good cooks can be hired for $(i to $10 per month ; chambermaids,. 
 $4 to $6 ; nurses, $2 to $5. Laundries and laundry women abound,. and charges. 
 
36 North Alabama. 
 
 for work are moderate. The domestics are almost entirely colored, but are 
 industrious and respectful. Board for laboring men is $3 to $5 per week. The 
 l)est class private board ranges from $5 to $7 per week. These prices include 
 rooms. The uniform rate per day is $2, and restaurants 25 cents to 75 cents 
 per meal. There are seventeen hotels, thirty-three restaurants and eighty-three 
 boarding-houses in Birmingham. 
 
 M ANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES 
 
 Birmingham is the workshop of the South, for as a manufacturing center 
 it is unrivaled. Articles of iron, wood, glass, cotton, etc., can be made as 
 cheaply here as at any point in the Southern States. This fact is due to sev- 
 eral reasons : to the abundance and cheapness of the crude material, the 
 cheapness of fuel and labor, mildness of climate, low rates of transportation, 
 and proximity of market for product. The merchant or manufacturer, when 
 considering the advantages of various localities, will always give due importance 
 to the prospective future of each. Iron is in abundance, and is manufactured 
 cheaper here than any place in the United States. We refer the reader to the 
 article on this subject found elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Fuel is at nominal cost, for coal exists in inexhaustible quantities just at 
 the furnace doors of every manufactory. In quantity and variety of material, 
 Nature has used a lavish hand in her bestowment. All varieties of hard 
 woods abound in the surrounding counties, and almost every kind of mineral 
 is found, and nearly every article of merchandise can be produced, in the 
 Birmingham District, of native material. Manufactories of any kind 
 would thrive and do well here. Labor is easily and cheaply procured. Skilled 
 white labor from the North would here find a profitable field, and each year is 
 becoming more in demand. Another advantage is the fact that this is an all- 
 the-year-round temperate climate. There is no time during the winter when 
 the cold is sufficient to stop outdoor work, and thus full time is made. 
 
 The network of railroads and competitive lines have reduced freight rates 
 to a minimum of cost. The belt roads encircling the city tap all the 
 through trunk lines, and along them are sites for 500 manufacturing establish- 
 ments. The market for this product is near at hand, and there should be really 
 no necessity of going outside of this and adjoining States to find consumers. 
 Taking Birmingham as the center of a circle whose radius is 150 miles, the 
 population of this circle will be found to be no less than two million souls. 
 
 Birmingham is fitted both by nature and art to be the home of manufac- 
 tories, and industries are seeking the place just as certainly and naturally as 
 water seeks its level. This city is already the greatest industrial center in the 
 Southern States, and for the number of furnaces, industries, etc., we refer to 
 tabulated statements in this work. The following manufacturing industries 
 would thrive here : 
 
 Balances and Scales, Barbed Wire Fencing, Tube Works, Wire Cloth, Car 
 Wheels, Picks and Shovels, Hydrants, Lightning Rods, Nails (large) and Spikes, 
 Wire Rope, Telegraph Wire, Coal Screens, Cotton Mills, Cotton Ball Cord, 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 37 
 
 Cotton Dncli and Canvas, Cotton Fire Hose, Letter-copying Presses, Printing 
 Presses, Iron Furniture, Iron Store Fronts, Drilling Machines, Dumb-bells, 
 Fire Engines, Iron Statuary, Machinery of all kinds, Fancy Hardware, Trunks> 
 Tannery, Boots and Shoes, Leather Belting, Cotton Belting, Candles, Furniture. 
 Miscellaneous. — Steel Engraving AVorks, Costumer. 
 
 B IRMINGHAM'S PAY ROLL 
 
 A STATISTICAL STATEMENT OF THE RESOURCES OF THE CITY AS SHOWN BY 
 ACTUAL AMOUNTS PAID IN WAGES AND SALARIES. 
 
 Compiled especially for this publication by W. E. Russell, of Birmingham. 
 
 Facts and figures speak volumes to the practical business man. Mere 
 assertions, though they be seemingly incontrovertible in their nature, vary in 
 their influence upon the reader, or listener, in the exact proportion that he 
 ascribes to the writer, or speaker, selfish or disinterested motives, good or 
 ■weak judgment Facts are dispassionate, if they be not misnomers. In other 
 -words, if they exist, the reader can see betw-een the lines more truth than 
 -would be conveyed to him by a hundred unproved assertions. The following 
 statistics are the result of careful personal investigation by the writer. In all 
 instances figures below, rather than above, the actual averages have been 
 taken. If the reader needs any verification of the same he is respectfully 
 referred to any and all of the firms or corporations herein mentioned : 
 
 NAME. 
 
 No. of 
 Men. 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Wages and 
 
 Salaries. 
 
 Product. 
 
 United States Government — 
 
 Marshals, Commissioners. Attorneys 
 
 <a) Postoffice _ 
 
 Jeflferson County 
 
 (to) Municipal 
 
 Alabama Abstract Co 
 
 Alabama Great Southern R. R. Co 
 
 Alabama lee and Cold Storage Co 
 
 Alabama Iron Works... 
 
 Alabama Rolling Mill Co 
 
 Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association 
 
 <6) Avondale Lumber and Milling Co 
 
 Avondale Stove and Foundry Co 
 
 <c) Artificial Stone Co 
 
 Baltimore <fe Ohio Express Co 
 
 <d) Baxter Stove and Manufacturing Co 
 
 ]3irmingham Bridge and Bolt Works 
 
 <c) Birmingham Clothing Manufacturing Co.. 
 
 Birmingham Fire Brick Co 
 
 Birmingham Flooring Co 
 
 Birmingham Gas and Illuminating Co 
 
 Birmingham Ice and Cold Storage Co 
 
 Birmingham Iron Works 
 
 Birmingham Machine and Foundry Co 
 
 <e) Birmingham Rolling Mill Co 
 
 Birmingham Soap Works 
 
 Birmingham Steam Bottling Works 
 
 Birmingham Tack Works 
 
 8 
 21 
 .54 
 
 1(J0 
 10 
 
 54S 
 17 
 36 
 
 210 
 6 
 13 
 16 
 15 
 8 
 
 200 
 40 
 25 
 70 
 10 
 35 
 36 
 90 
 
 100 
 
 ,000 
 
 40 
 
 12 
 
 109 
 
 906 
 
 .512 
 500 
 ,000 
 900 
 ,400 
 000 
 ,700 
 ,292 
 500 
 400 
 
 mo 
 
 .500 
 500 
 ,000 
 000 
 4.50 
 000 
 300 
 .500 
 300 
 850 
 000 
 000 
 .500 
 4.50 
 200 
 
 1.50,000 ft. monthly. 
 50 stoves daily. 
 
 150 stoves daily. 
 
 45 tons daily. 
 
 190 tons (finished) 
 
 [monthly. 
 125 tons (finished) 
 
 [daily. 
 
38 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 No of 
 Men. 
 
 (/) Birmingham Tool Works 
 
 Birininglmm Union Railway Co 
 
 (r) Birmingham Water Works t'o 
 
 (/) Blnolc I>iam<iud .Mining (V> 
 
 Brewer, W. 1'. (Sasli, Door, Blind and Furniture 
 Factory) 
 
 Builders' Supplies Co 
 
 Caldwell Printing Co 
 
 Crellin <& Nails (Iron Works) 
 
 Crotwell, W. T. (Planing Mill) 
 
 Dunnavant, J. H. (Carriage Manufacturer) 
 
 East Birmingham Iron Rooting and Corrugating 
 (Company 
 
 Edison Electric Illuminating Co 
 
 Elyton Land Co- 
 Car Works 
 
 Rolling Mill 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Enterprise Manufacturing Co. (Wooden Goods) 
 
 Eureka Co. (Furnaces and Mines) 
 
 Excelsior Steam Laundry 
 
 Florence Hotel 
 
 Georgia Pacific Railroad Co 
 
 Henderson Steel Co 
 
 (r) Highland Avenue & Belt Railroad Co 
 
 Hughes, C. T. ctCo., (Planing Mill) 
 
 Jeilerson Brick Co 
 
 Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham R. R. Co 
 
 Louisville & Nashville Railroad (^o 
 
 Lunsford, George (Brick Yard) 
 
 Contracting work 
 
 Sub-contracting work 
 
 Magic City Steam Bottling Works i 
 
 (g) Marbury, .Tones ct Co. (.Planing Mill) 
 
 (/i) Mary Pratt Furnace Co j 
 
 Moore & Knight (Brick Yard) 
 
 North Birmingham Street R. R. Co 
 
 Schillinger (Phil) Brewing Co 
 
 (i) Sloss Iron and Steel Co— 
 
 Coalburg 800 men 22,000 
 
 Irondale ir,0 " 2,7'iOi 
 
 Four Furnaces 1,200 " 27.000; 
 
 Sloss Mines 7,(it;7 
 
 Office .'.. s'ooo 
 
 250 
 
 75 
 
 63 
 9 
 
 35 
 18 
 12 
 20 
 
 IS 
 80 
 
 200 
 
 250 
 
 200 
 30 
 
 700 
 19 
 50 
 
 600 
 15 
 
 250 
 30 
 40 
 
 175 
 
 1,237 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 175 
 12 
 9 
 .50 
 30 
 31 
 30 
 
 Smith Sons Gin and Machine Co 
 
 Snow, J. W. & Co. (Carriage Manufacturers) 
 
 (1) Southern District Telegraph and Electric Co- 
 Southern Express Co 
 
 (h) Tennessee Coal and Iron Co- 
 Alice Furnace, 
 Four Enslev Furnaces, 
 Pratt Mines (coal), 
 Linn Iron Works, J 
 
 (1) Thompson Brick Co 
 
 Union Transfer Co 
 
 Williamson Iron Works- 
 Furnace, ) 
 Iron Works, J 
 
 ■Wilson House 
 
 R. Rochester (Grocer)......'.'.'.!.'.'.""."!" 
 
 D. A. Childs & Co. (Dry Goods) 
 
 Harralson Bros. & Co. (Tobacco)... 
 
 Ullm4n Hardware Co 
 
 P. J. Gillan (Contractor) 
 
 (n) Western Union Telegraph Co.. 
 
 Towers Hardware Co 
 
 Figh & Williams (Contractors) 
 
 Larney Bros. (Stone Contractors). 
 
 Union Depot 
 
 Perry-Mason Shoe Co !!.!!!!!!!!!!! 
 
 2,i:-.0 
 30 
 12 
 15 
 10 
 
 200 
 
 30 
 12 
 13 
 5 
 8 
 40 
 32 
 12 
 50 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Wages and 
 
 Salaries. 
 
 S9,000 
 4,500 
 2,000 
 4,000 
 
 2,640 
 300 
 
 1,.500 
 500 
 500 
 700 
 
 800 
 600 
 
 9,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 5,500 
 
 1,500 
 
 22,750 
 
 ,500 
 
 1,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 1,200 
 
 4,500 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,600 
 
 7,500 
 
 56,800 
 
 600 
 
 920 
 
 10,000 
 
 500 
 
 300 
 
 3,000 
 
 800 
 
 1,600 
 
 1,000 
 
 62,337 
 
 1,-500 
 
 600 
 
 672 
 
 1,150 
 
 97,000 
 
 1,100 
 600 
 
 7,500 
 
 700 
 
 500 
 
 625 
 
 500 
 
 380 
 
 1,700 
 
 1,208 
 
 G50 
 
 2,000 
 
 1,200 
 
 1,700 
 
 1,000 
 
 Product. 
 
 Furnaces 1.50 tons 
 
 [daily. 
 
 40,000 daily. 
 
 58 tons daily. 
 20,000 daily. 
 
 400 tons daily. 
 
 1,000 machines this, 
 [year. 
 
 175 tons daily. 
 600 tons daily. 
 3,000 tons daily. 
 
 20,000 daily. 
 
 50 tons daily. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 39 
 
 NAME. 
 
 Chas. Pearce & Co. (Contractors) 
 
 Winkley Printing Co 
 
 Palace Royal Hotel 
 
 Lunsford Hotel 
 
 Public Schools, for Teachers 
 
 Metropolitan Hotel 
 
 Adler& Co. (Wholesale Grocers) 
 
 Moore & Handley Hardware Co 
 
 Frances* Chenoweth, Hardware 
 
 Milner & Kettig (Mill and Furnace Supplies) 
 Newspapers — 
 
 Age 1 
 
 Herald, 
 
 Chronicle, 
 
 News, 
 
 Sentinel, | 
 
 American Newspaper Union, J 
 
 Hughes Lumber Co 
 
 Birmingham Mining and Manufacturing Co 
 
 Morris Bros. (Ore Mines) 
 
 Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co 
 
 Woodward Iron Company 
 
 Edwards Iron Company 
 
 (/) Pioneer Mining and Manufacturing Co.. 
 
 Blue Creek Mines 
 
 McNamara Mines 
 
 J. S. Carr & Co 
 
 (q) Railroad Contractors 
 
 Banks- 
 Alabama National 
 
 American " 
 
 Berney " 
 
 Birmingham " 
 
 Birmingham Savings 
 
 B'ham Trust & Sav. Co 
 
 First National 
 
 Jeflferson Co. Savings 
 
 Peoples Savings I 
 
 Steiner Bros. J 
 
 (f) Birmingham Furnace and Manufacturing Co 
 
 New Castle Coal Mines 
 
 Ala.-Conuellville Coal it Coke Company 
 
 Henryellen Coal Company 
 
 (p) Thomas Furnace Company 
 
 (/) Caldwell Hotel Company." 
 
 Woodward Furnace Company 
 
 (o) Abendroth & Fisher, Knebel Engine Co, 
 
 Wharton Flouring Mills, Drennen & Company, 
 
 A Hirsch, F. Caheen, Charles Neumann, 
 
 Loveman & .Joseph, C. H. Francis & Co., 
 
 H. W. Perry ife Co., Royster Provision Company, 
 
 Opera House Hotel, 
 
 Birmingham Cotton Compress, 1- 
 
 Bessemer Dummv Line, | 
 
 Ensley Railway Company, 
 
 Avondale Ice Co., Birmingham Safe & Lock Co., | 
 
 Rogers Printing Company, Roberts & Sou, 
 
 Allen, Scott & Co., C. S. .Simmons, I 
 
 McLester & VanHoose, Standard Oil Company, J 
 
 Miscellaneous (see table below) 
 
 Grand totals ■. 22,011 
 
 No. of 
 Men. 
 
 150 
 
 40 
 27.') 
 600 
 
 27 
 253 
 
 51 
 159 
 211 
 
 75 
 
 43 
 318 
 
 594 
 85 
 120 
 264 
 703 
 
 3,782 
 
 Monthly 
 Wages and 
 Salaries. 
 
 $3,000 
 
 500 
 
 325 
 
 500 
 
 2,700 
 
 1,209 
 
 1,1.50 
 
 1,000 
 
 960 
 
 2,800 
 
 8,400 
 
 1,800 
 6,500 
 
 21,150 
 1,122 
 
 13,500 
 
 3,00 
 8,700 
 
 14,800 
 4,200 
 2,300 
 
 13,500 
 
 7,350 
 
 13,140 
 5,000 
 7,500 
 18,000 
 18,008 
 2,100 
 
 15,010 
 
 121,670 
 
 $834,241 
 
 Product. 
 
 225 tons daily 
 40 tons daily 
 125 tons daily 
 
 200 tons daily. 
 
 200 •' 
 
 300 " 
 
 600 " " 
 
 200 " 
 
 REFERENCE NOTES. 
 
 (a) Postal account, including stamps, postal cards (not including money orders) for year- 
 beginning April 1, 1887, and ending March 31, 1888, 8.57,000. 
 (6) Own their own houses. Rent, 83.50 to fio per month. 
 (c) Are making arrangements to more than double their force. 
 
40 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 (d) Have homes for their men ; rent three-room plastered houses at $8 per month. Pay 
 for skilled labor (molders), 82.50 to 83..50 daily. Buy their metal from home furnaces. 
 
 (e) Pay cash, Pittsburg scale of wages for skilled labor. Unskilled labor from ?1 to |3. 
 (/) Are about ready to commence operations on basis as stated. 
 
 (g) Will increase force very soon. 
 
 {h) Buy their coke and contract for the mining of their ore; in consequence, need less 
 •employees. Have thirteen houses for their men ; rent for four-room houses, SS per month. 
 
 (I) At this writing this company is working two of the four furnaces. The other two are 
 nearing completion, and will be blown in about Sept. 1, 1888, and will necessitate a doubling 
 all around of the company's operations. The figures given are for the increased development. 
 
 (j) District messenger service, general electrical and electric lighting. 
 
 (A) This is the wage roll of this company for the liirmingham District only. 
 
 (l) Have some houses of their own ; rent, $■', per month. 
 
 (to) Force includes 30 police, a Chief, Captain and Lieutenant, 23 in Fire Department and 
 .a Chief, 22 in Sanitary Department, 5 engineers, 3 in market, 1 city weigher, 1 city physician, 
 7 street bosses and 3 in office. 
 
 (n) Cash receipts higher than any office in Southern District, except New Orleans and 
 Atlanta. During a portion of last year higher than Atlanta. 
 
 (o) For various reasons not itemized, some happened to be " out " or " too busy " every 
 time ; others preferred to come under a general head, and the balance were omitted until 
 too late for classification. The estimate is carefully made. 
 
 (p) Burn their own coke ; in consequence need more men. 
 
 (5) Only those estimated whose employes reside in Birmingham. 
 
 (r) Controlled by Elyton Land Company. 
 
 MISCELLANEOU.S. 
 
 The following table does not include in the estimates any amounts of the 
 a.bove list. The enumeration of the separate business houses is a carefully- 
 revised compilation from Polk's Directory of the City of Birmingham for the 
 year 1888. The approximations of the number of employes and amounts paid 
 .are made from very conservative averages based upon the writer's personal 
 knowledge of the various business houses of this community. A determina- 
 tion to be within the bounds of truth has undoubtedly made the estimates of 
 this table lower than the facts themselves would warrant. 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 Architects 
 
 Artists ; 
 
 Auctioneers 
 
 Bakers and Confectioners 
 
 Barbers (Proprietors) 
 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Boarding Houses 
 
 Books and Stationery 
 
 Boot and Sboemakers 
 
 Boots and Shoes (Wholesale) 
 
 " (Retail) 
 
 Brick Manufacturers 
 
 Brokers (Merchandise) 
 
 " (Stocks and Bonds) 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Makers 
 
 Cigars and Tobacco (Wholesale; 
 
 (Retail) 
 
 Civil Engineers and Surveyors 
 
 Clothing (Retail) 
 
 Coal and Wood 
 
 ■Colleges and Schools (Private) 
 
 Commission Merchants 
 
 Contractors, Carpenters and Builders 
 ■Cotton Buyers and Brokers 
 
 No. 
 
 Total 
 No. 
 Employ- 
 ees. 
 
 30 
 40 
 25 
 1.50 
 12 
 30 
 
 40 
 100 
 3 
 10 
 21 
 
 25 
 10 
 50 
 25 
 15 
 30 
 500 
 10 
 
 Average 
 Monthly 
 Wages. 
 
 Total 
 Monthly. 
 
 «1,125 
 
 .50 
 
 2.50 
 
 40 
 
 1,200 
 
 30 
 
 1,200 
 
 40 
 
 1,000 
 
 12 
 
 1,800 
 
 .50 
 
 COO 
 
 40 
 
 1,200 
 
 .50 
 
 2,000 
 
 35 
 
 3,500 
 
 50 
 
 150 
 
 .50 
 
 500 
 
 50 
 
 1,250 
 
 .30 
 
 750 
 
 75 
 
 750 
 
 40 
 
 2,000 
 
 40 
 
 1,000 
 
 40 
 
 600 
 
 .50 
 
 1,500 
 
 50 
 
 25,000 
 
 50 
 
 500 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 4i 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 
 No. 
 
 Total 
 No. 
 Employ- 
 ees. 
 
 Dairies 
 
 Dentists 
 
 Detective Agencies 
 
 Dressmakers 
 
 Druggists— Wholesale 
 
 Retail 
 
 Dry Goods— Wholesale 
 
 " " Retail 
 
 Dyers and Scourers 
 
 Employment Agencies 
 
 Engravers 
 
 Fruits— Wholesale 
 
 " Retail 
 
 Furniture 
 
 General Stores 
 
 Grocers— Wholesale 
 
 Retail 
 
 Hardware— Wholesale 
 
 Retail 
 
 Harness Makers 
 
 Hats and Caps 
 
 Hay, Grain and Feed 
 
 Hotels 
 
 Insurance Agents 
 
 Accident 
 
 Fire 
 
 Life 
 
 Justices of Peace 
 
 Land Companies 
 
 Laundries , 
 
 Lawyers 
 
 Leather 
 
 Livery Stables 
 
 Locksmiths 
 
 Lumber 
 
 Mackiuery 
 
 Marble Works , 
 
 Mattress Manufacturers 
 
 Meats 
 
 Mercantile Agencies 
 
 Millinery 
 
 Music 
 
 Newsdealers 
 
 Newspapers— Dailv 
 
 Weekly 
 
 Paints, Oil and Glass 
 
 Pawnbrokers 
 
 Photographers 
 
 Physicians 
 
 Pianos and Organs 
 
 Planing Mills 
 
 Plumbers 
 
 Produce 
 
 Real Estate Agents 
 
 Restaurants 
 
 Saloons 
 
 Servants 
 
 Sewing Machine Agencies 
 
 Stock Yards 
 
 Stoves and Tinware 
 
 Tailors 
 
 Tea, Coffee and Spices 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Transfer Lines 
 
 Undertakers 
 
 Veterinary Surgeons 
 
 Wall Paper 
 
 Watches, Clocks and Jewelry.. 
 
 37 
 
 27 
 12 
 2.3 
 
 8 
 189 
 3 
 .5 
 8 
 11 
 10 
 17 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 
 128 
 
 Totals. 
 
 30 
 .5 
 
 20 
 10 
 20 
 
 100 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 15 
 
 5 
 20 
 50 
 24 
 
 ;500 
 
 10 
 10 
 8 
 10 
 200 
 10 
 
 Ayerage 
 Monthly 
 Wages. 
 
 6 
 
 ::■* 
 
 4 
 
 •:■■ 
 
 11 
 
 =:: 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 -:•':: 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 80 
 
 ■>'■.< 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 9 
 
 60 
 
 6 
 
 15 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 99 
 
 «; 
 
 33 
 
 100 
 
 70 
 
 100 
 
 :;"» 
 
 1,000 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 •> 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 *■•:> 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 1,529 
 
 3,782 
 
 840 
 
 75 
 
 20 
 50 
 50 
 
 30 
 40 
 
 .50 
 40 
 40 
 50 
 50 
 40 
 40 
 
 50 
 50 
 40 
 40 
 25 
 50 
 
 .50 
 40 
 25 
 40 
 50 
 25 
 
 40 
 50 
 60 
 40 
 40 
 50 
 30 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 40 
 50 
 50 
 
 30 
 50 
 10 
 50 
 40 
 50 
 40 
 50 
 50 
 30 
 50 
 
 50 
 60 
 
 Total 
 Monthly. 
 
 SI, 200 
 375 
 
 400 
 
 500 
 
 1,000 
 
 3,000' 
 
 480 
 
 150 
 
 600 
 
 200 
 
 1,000 
 
 2,, 500 
 
 960 
 
 12,000 
 
 500 
 .500 
 320 
 400 
 5,000 
 ■500 
 
 300 
 3,000 
 750 
 800 
 100 
 1,260 
 
 2,800 
 500- 
 900 
 160 
 
 1,600 
 150 
 450 
 200 
 
 .500 
 
 150 
 
 .300 
 2,400 
 
 750 
 1,500 
 
 3,000 
 5,000 
 10,000 
 ,500 
 200 
 750 
 800 
 250 
 250 
 60l) 
 500 
 
 2,90 
 1,800 
 
 8121,679 
 
 * Referred to in main table. 
 
 ** Business does not necessitate employees. 
 
42 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 These statistics show — 
 
 r Daily $ ?.2,080 19 
 
 mi . oo /-.ii 1 -I Weekly 208,500 25 
 
 That 22,011 employes receive iyi„„ti;,y ,s:;4;241 00 
 
 [ Yearly.". . $10,010,892 00 
 
 That Birmingham pays out more money in wages and salaries tJuin any 
 <city of the same population in tlie United Slates. 
 
 That the twenty-one furnaces of Birmingham (not including the furnaces of 
 the DeBardeleben Coal & Iron Company at Bessemer) have a daily output of 
 2,073 tons of pig iron. Making allowances for time for repairs for sixty-five 
 days in the year, and multiplying the above figures by 300, will give a yearly 
 ■output of 621,900 tons. In another portion of the book, figures have been 
 given, taken from the report of the American Iron and Steel Association, 
 showing the entire output of the State of Alal)ama for 1887 to be 292,762 tons, 
 ■and that the output of that year made Alabama siRud fifth in the rank of iron- 
 producing States, being exceeded only by Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and 
 New York (New York having an output of only 400 tons more). If, during 
 ■the present year, Birmingham alone more than doubles the entire State, what 
 will be Alabama's rank in the next report of the Iron and Steel Association? 
 
 That, taking one and a half tons of coke to the ton of iron, it will require 
 5,110 tons of coke daily, or 933,000 tons for the year for Birmingham itself. In 
 the article on "Coke" in this book, the estimate of 1,000,000 tons required 
 from this section will be seen to be a very conservative statement. 
 
 That by a low average of $5 in product or business to the $1 paid for 
 emi)loyes, the city's trade may be roughly computed ni fifty viiUions yearly. 
 
 LAKKVIEW PA UK AND HOTEL. 
 
Birmingham. 43 
 
 I^ ED MOUNTAIN ORE 
 
 LOCATION AND EXTENT. 
 
 The fossil ore belt has been the main dependence of the rapidly advancing 
 coke and iron industries of Alabama, and in describing them Messrs. McCreath 
 and D'Invilliers thus speak of the Clinton, or ' Eed Mountain ' ores as they are 
 locally termed. " The ore is found in the Red Mountain group of rocks cor- 
 responding to the Clinton epoch of New York, and to that of Pennsylyania, 
 which, in this portion of Alabama, forms monoclinal hills on either side of an 
 anticlinal valley of Combus-Silurian limestone, in which Birmingham is sit- 
 uated. These hills rise 200 or 250 feet above the plane of the valley, their 
 crests practically working the outcrop of the iron ore, and are remarkably 
 regular and persistent as ridges throughout the length of the State, northeast 
 and southwest. The East Red Mountain ore group has a thickness of 22 feet 
 for a few miles south of Binningham, but no such development is found to 
 the north or south of this area, nor on the parallel ridge on the western side 
 of the valley. The present ore supply comes very largely from this portion of 
 the East Red Mountain, the Redding Mines here being the most extensive in 
 operation in the district. It is at these mines that the Clinton ore has its finest 
 development ; it is worked on its outcrop in long, open cuts 40 or 50 feet deep 
 b}' short cross cuts through the overlying measures, and by a slope now sink- 
 ing on the bed from a little above water level. The dip is southeast 20° to 30° 
 toward the Cahaba Coal Fields, and conforms to the slope of the mountain. 
 The overlying strata, capping the ore bed here, and for some distance north 
 and south, are nowhere over 25 to 30 feet thick, consisting of red shale, thin- 
 bedded sandstone and some white chert. The total thickness of the ore beds 
 is about 22 feet in two main divisions separated by a few inches of slate. The 
 ore outcrop extends along the East Red Mountain south of Birmingham a dis- 
 tance of at least thirty-five (35) miles to Vance's Station, and varies in thick- 
 ness from 4 to 22 feet. See page 88 of 1886 Reports. " Various analyses here 
 appended show the metallic irons that run over 45 per cent. See page 89 of 1886 
 Reports. From Birmingham to Woodstock and Green Pond, twenty-five (25) 
 miles down the valley, the Clinton has its maximum thickness, and has in some 
 places deposits of good ore twenty (20) feet thick, attaining its maximum at 
 Eureka." 
 
IRON AND STEEL MAKING AT BIRMINGHAM. 
 
Birmingham. 45 
 
 We quote also the following from Henry McCalley, A. M., Assistant State 
 Geologist : 
 
 Hematite, or red iron ore, is at present the principal ore and main 
 dependence of the majority of the furnaces now in blast in the State of Ala- 
 bama. It is highly esteemed as an ore, and in its purest forms rivals even in 
 richness the brown ore. It occurs principally in the Upper Silurian formation 
 along the mountainous sides and the ridges and hills of the anticlinal valleys 
 of the State, and in the metamorphic rocks of East Alabama. These Upi^er 
 Silurian rocks with their imbedded seam of red ore, are a most persistent 
 formation, reaching irregularly along the eastern escarpment of the Alleghany 
 IMountains from Canada, through New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ten- 
 nessse and Georgia, to about Pratt's Ferry, Alabama, on the Cahaba River, 
 where they become hid from sight b}' the newer, overlying unconformable 
 strata. For this whole distance, the band of red ore is said to be almost con- 
 tinuous, but nowhere developed to such an extent as here in Alabama. It is 
 reported in New York to be 2 feet thick; in Pennsylvania, 4 feet; in Ten- 
 nessee, 7 or 8 feet, and in Alabama it occurs, within 150 feet of strata, in three 
 seams with a combined average thickness of ore of about 25 feet. These three 
 seams of ore are separated by sandstones and shales. Alabama seems, there- 
 fore, to have of this valuable ore the lion's share. It belongs to the Clinton 
 group of the Upper Silurian formation, and here in Alabama was brought to 
 the surface by the great anticlinal upheavals. The bands of ore usually occur 
 on both sides of our long narrow, anticlinal valle\'s, and are frequently dupli- 
 cated on one or both sides, by folds and faults, and if the parts here in Ala- 
 bama were stretched out in a single straight line they would doubtless reach 
 some 400 or 500 miles. They are in regular stratified layers, and from their 
 nature and position would seem to extend down indefinitely. They are 
 frequently very fossiliferous, though the quality and richness of the ore varies 
 from place to place along the outcrop, and as it is gone down into. On the 
 surface, it is richest ; seeming to have been leached, becoming more and more 
 calcare®us downward, until a point is reached after which its composition 
 would doubtless remain constant. On the supposition that the quantity and 
 quality of this ore in Alabama are far below what we really believe them to 
 be, or that it will form a seam 50 miles long with an available thickness of 
 only 10 feet and an average of only 10 per cent, of metallic iron, and a specific 
 gravity of only 3. all the way down, and we will still have for every foot of 
 descent nearly 70,000 tons of metallic iron. It would, therefore, take a descent 
 of less than six feet, even into this greatly reduced seam, to build us a railroad 
 around the earth. The above supposition, we believe, is far within the real 
 state of things, for the reasons that much of the available ore has 50 per cent, 
 of metallic iron, and a thickness, in one of the seams of at least 15 feet, and a 
 specific gravity of nearly 4. This ore is oolitic in structure, or composed of 
 large glazed grains of various sizes cemented together and oftentimes flattened. 
 It is most frequently fossiliferous. Its impurities are sawdy and argillaceous 
 matters and carbonate of lime. The presence of the latter is rather an advan- 
 tage, as it can be made to answer the part of a flux, and the argillaceous mat- 
 ters are not in sufficient quantities to require the washing of the ore. It is 
 the easiest of all iron ores to work, and yields an excellent grade of iron. This 
 famous ore is especially well developed here near Birmingham, where, with its 
 partings of shale, it reaches an average thickness of so<ne 30 feet, well defined 
 between strata of hard ferruginous sandstone, and is of superior quality, both 
 as to purity and richness. The local name. Red Mountain, has been given 
 here to both the ridges and the geological group, which contains this valuable 
 ore. It has been mined here in Red Mountain considerably for the last few 
 years, until now its daily output must be over 1,000 tons. It is not used alone 
 in the furnaces, but as a mixture with a small fraction of its own weight of 
 limonite from aiong tlie anticlinal valleys below its outcrops. This deposit of 
 iron ore is not only the largest in the State, but is regarded as one of the 
 mineral wonders of the world. The hematite of the older or metamorphic 
 rocks of East Alabama, which is called specular ore, is not so well known, and 
 4 
 
46 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 though believed to exist in very consideral^le quantities, is comparatively 
 insijrnificant in this respect when compared with the great body of ore of Red 
 Mountain. It is a harder and more compact variety than the ore of Red 
 Mountain. 
 
 Thus much we quote to convince those who know anything of iron ores 
 that Birmingham is at the very base of one of the most remarkable ore 
 deposits in the world. 
 
 ANALYSIS OF IRON ORE FROM RED MOUNTAIN MADE BY OTTO WUTH, PITTS- 
 BURG, PA. 
 
 Thickness in feet and inches 
 
 Silicic acid 
 
 Alumina 
 
 Peroxide of iron 
 
 Lime 
 
 Magnesia 
 
 Phosphoric acid 
 
 Sulphur 
 
 Metallic Iron 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 7.8 
 
 10 Ml 
 
 3.74 
 
 7.S..i,5 
 
 O.CxS 
 
 0.21 
 
 49 
 
 Trace 
 
 54.98 
 
 8. 
 
 31.62 
 4.14 
 
 02.4.') 
 1.03 
 0.36 
 0.42 
 
 Trace. 
 
 4.5.71 
 
 3.M 
 32.04 
 
 5.13 
 59.97 
 Trace. 
 
 0.45 
 
 1.3 
 .31.13 
 
 4.46 
 60.51 
 Trace. 
 
 0.45 
 
 1.2)i 
 31.16 
 
 4 60 
 .59.87 
 
 0.43 
 
 41.91 
 
 11. 
 31.91 
 4.05 
 60.32 
 
 42.22 
 
 1.3 
 16.22 
 
 2.01 
 66.80 
 
 46.79 
 
 No. 1 is the top, No. 7 the bottom. 
 
 Red " Hematite" — Peroxide, 90.778 ; silica, 5.060 ; alumina undetermined 
 iron, 63.54-5 ; phosphorus, 0.0556. This ore is in a vein 8 feet thick from 
 Eastern Alabama. 
 
 Soft Ore, Stock Pile, Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company — 
 Peroxide iron, 69.8278; silica, 21.4800; alumina, 4.3321; lime, 0.7875; iron, 
 48.8795. 
 
 Hard Ore, Stock Pile, Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company— Peroxide 
 iron, 55.4481; silica, 11.600; alumina, 2.0919; Hme, 29.2947; iron, 38.7859. 
 
 Red ore, from between Lakeview and Avondale (now owned by Pioneer 
 Iron & Manufacturing Company)— Peroxide iron, 75.543 ; silica, 18.00 ; iron, 
 52.88 ; phosphorus, 0.13. 
 
 We have given special prominence to hematite on account of its great 
 value and importance. The other varieties are limonite, siderite, magnetite 
 and pyrite, which are more or less important in iron manufacturing. 
 
Birmingham. 47 
 
 (tdJll. 
 
 X\ PRACTICAL VIEW FROM A COMMERCIAL 
 
 STANDPOINT. 
 
 Written especially for this publication by W. E. Russell. 
 
 When a section of country springs into commercial importance without 
 -passing through the consecutive periods of development, each of which gives 
 -^ime for correlative circumstances to keep pace with its progress, its rapidity 
 -«of growth in some particulars is very apt to outstrip the attending conditions 
 Tto a full, steady and complete growth. This is particularly noticeable in one 
 of the booming towns of this section, where the population is that of a good- 
 -sized village and the business houses, both in number and size, suited for a 
 Tthriving city of 10,000 inhabitants. 
 
 In Birmingham, this inequality of progress was noted in the building 
 
 Iboom of 1SS7, when neither the facilities of the railroads nor the supply of 
 
 fibuilding material were adequate to the demand. From a retrospective view 
 
 5it must always be deemed unfortunate that more foresight had not been used 
 
 ■to prepare for that which seemed probable. So wonderful and so rapid, how- 
 
 -*ever, has been the progress of this city that any foresight which could have 
 
 foretold what has occurred would have been considered the vision of an over- 
 
 c'sanguine dreamer. But the " it might have been" is only practically useful 
 
 when it serves as a teacher to prevent a recurrence. The conditions are now 
 
 •tchanged. The great future of this entire section is no longer a possibility, or even 
 
 .-•a probability. That future must now be considered by even the most conserva- 
 
 itive as a certainty. Foresight, therefore, can no longer be called dreaming — 
 
 iits absence can, with all propriety, be called slothfulness. Among the many 
 
 cthings to which this introduction could naturally lead us is in the considera- 
 
 vtion of coal — a question of vital importance, not only to Birmingham and 
 
 Tltributary growing towns, but to Alabama and adjacent States. 
 
 There are five general factors which pertain to the coal trade of a section, 
 -\nz : The Quantity, Quality, Development of the Coal Lands, Transportatioa 
 JEacilities, and Demand : 
 

 COAL MINING AND COKE BURNING, NKAU BIRMINGHAM. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 49 
 
 QUANTITY.® 
 
 The coal lands of Alabama are estimated at 8,660 square miles. From the 
 rivers which drain them these lands have been named respectively the Warrior, 
 the Cahaba and the Coosa Coal Fields. They are of very unequal size, the 
 Warrior — the most northwestern of the three coal fields of Alabama— being 
 nearly ten times as large as the other two combined and about two-thirds as 
 large as the coal area of Great Britain. Though Alabama ranks only eighth 
 in the Union in the acreage of its coal measures, it takes a front rank in the 
 quantity and quality of its coal, and hence superficial area alone of a coal field 
 is a very poor indication of the amount of coal which it contains and of its 
 value, as the measures may be almost barren or the coal almost worthless. 
 
 The coal seams of the Warrior Field range in thickness from a few inches 
 to about fourteen feet, the thicker seams always containing more or less slate 
 ■or clay as partings. Judged principally from partially-exposed outcrops, there 
 appears to be about thirty-five of these seams of coal of eighteen inches and 
 over in thickness ; and of those thirty-five there are about fifteen of two feet 
 six inches and over, and ef those fifteen there are six of four feet and over. 
 Provided all the coal seams of this field will average throughout their whole 
 •extent a thickness equivalent to that of their most accurate and reliable 
 aneasurements, they will contain, it is believed, a sum total of not less than 
 113,119,000,000 tons, of which 108,394,000,000 tons would be available. These 
 figures are simply enormous, and tell us, in plain black and white, that the 
 available coal of this field is three times that of the estimated available 
 bituminous and semi-bituminous coals of the great coal-producing State of 
 Pennsylvania, and that at the present rate of consumi^tion of coals of all kinds 
 it would supply the whole world over two hundred and seventy years. 
 
 QUALITY. 
 
 These coftls, though all bituminous, are of many kinds and qualities. 
 Among them may be found good coking, blacksmithing, steam, gas and grate 
 coals. Many of them are firm and bright and would well bear transportation, 
 •while others are of a duller color and of a softer and more friable nature. The 
 following analysis of three representative coals of this field with that of the 
 ■Connellville coal will serve to show the quality of these coals, and also com- 
 parison with the Connellville coal : 
 
 
 Pratt. 
 
 New Castle. 
 
 Black Creek. 
 
 Connellville. 
 
 
 1299 
 1.041 
 1.025 
 32.169 
 63.370 
 3.342 
 
 1.33 
 
 .64 
 
 .50 
 
 2824 
 
 59.69 
 
 10.92 
 
 1.36 
 
 .10 
 
 .12 
 
 26.11 
 
 71.64 
 
 2.93 - 
 
 
 
 .06 
 
 
 1.20 
 
 
 28.50 
 
 
 64.12 
 
 Ash 
 
 6.12 
 
 
 
 * The greater portion of the facts and figures under this head are from the last Geological 
 Survey. 
 
50 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 The Pratt of these three coals is most similar to the Connellville coal, mj 
 both physical and chemical properties, though it is a i^nrer coal. Practically- 
 it is just as good a coking and iron-smelting coal as the Connellville, without- 
 the reputation of the latter. It is a compact, lustrous and usually very black 
 coal. Its seam will average about four feet in thickness. The New Castle- 
 coal is a firm, bright and free-burning coal. It bears transportation well, and 
 has a great future, the only objection to it being that it is hard to mine clean' 
 from the presence of partings. Its seam will average seven feet in thickness.. 
 The Black Creek variety is a firm, black coal, of a dull luster. It is believed, 
 to be the purest and most uniform in thickness and composition of any in. 
 Alabama. It is a fine blacksmithing, steam and gas coal, and the only- 
 objection that can be urged against it is that its seam is not quite thick enoughs 
 for cheap mining, being only about two feet six inches thick. Its superior 
 quality, however, enables its market value to compensate any additional; 
 expense in mining. 
 
 Chemical analyses will show the composition of coals; but as their true- 
 values and fitness for particular purposes are largely dependent on physical 
 properties, the best test of their worth is actual experiment, or use on a large- 
 scale. The following table is appended to show the standing of some Alabama, 
 coals as compared with well-known coals of other States, for heating or steam- 
 ing purposes : 
 
 NAME OF COAL. 
 
 Pounds of 
 water evap- 
 orated from 
 and at 212° 
 per pound of 
 coal. 
 
 Per cent, of 
 non-combus- 
 tible from 
 com b u stion 
 under boiler. 
 
 Relative heat- 
 ing" or steaming 
 values, ('umber- 
 land, Md., being 
 100. 
 
 NAME OF 
 STATE. 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 S.21 
 S.04 
 7.45 
 7.63 
 7 41 
 6.73 
 7.73 
 7.58 
 7.11 
 6 20 
 6 89 
 6.45 
 5.74 
 7.37 
 7.65 
 7.37 
 7.63 
 7.25 
 7.16 
 
 11.5 
 
 7.4 
 
 6.3 
 
 7.4 
 
 3.5 
 
 6.9 
 
 4.6 
 
 7.7 
 
 13.2 
 
 10.2 
 
 4.6 
 
 S.5 
 
 14.6 
 
 11.3 
 
 5 
 
 5.7 
 
 4.0 
 
 5.2 
 
 11.4 
 
 100.0 
 97.9 
 90.7 
 92.9 
 90.3 
 82.0 
 94 2 
 92.3 
 86 6 
 75 5 
 83.9 
 78.6 
 69.9 
 89 8 
 93.2 
 89.8 
 92 9 
 88.3 
 87.2 
 
 Marvland. 
 
 Pratt 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Jellico 
 
 Tennessee. 
 Pennsylvania- 
 
 Altmout 
 
 Kentuckv. 
 
 
 Kentnckv. 
 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Helena 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Watt 
 
 AiabaniH. 
 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Mud River 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 Memphis 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Cahaba 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Bloc ton 
 
 Alabanui. 
 
 Black Creek 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 
 Alabama. 
 
 Daisy 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 The above table is an abstract of the result of tests made by Prof. O. H_ 
 Landreth, of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., in 1885. In these tests 
 ten tons of coal from each mine were used, and, in case of the Alabama coals^ 
 it has been said that some of them, at least, were not picked coals, or were- 
 not intended for this purpose, but were taken from their regular marketable 
 screened products. These tests show up the Alabama coals in a most favor- 
 able light, and demonstrate that one-half of those tested were excelled for 
 
BlK.MINGHAM. 61 
 
 steaming purposes by only the Cumberland Coal, and that the lowest one on 
 the graded list was superior, for these purposes, to several of the coals brought 
 from other States. Four of these Alabama coals, namely : the Pratt, the 
 Warrior, the Watt and the Black Creek, were from the Warrior Field ; the 
 other four were from the Cahaba Field. 
 
 DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 In estimating the economical values of any coals, we should constantly 
 bear in mind the ease and cheapness with which they can be mined, and can 
 be now, and in the near future, placed upon the market. On an average, the 
 coals of the Warrior Field can be mined just as easily and cheaply as those of 
 any other country, for the reason that, as a general thing, the physical features 
 of the measures, the small angle of dip and the structure of the coals are all 
 favorable to cheap mining. In nearly all cases the coal can be reached by 
 drifts and slopes, and the small angle of dip frequently gives a natural 
 drainage, and will, in all cases, permit the mines being kept dry at compara- 
 tively small cost. The hard, solid roofs, the soft underbeds, and the face and 
 butt structure of most of these coals are also conducive to cheap mining, and 
 the greatest hindrance that any of them have to cheap mining is that the 
 thicker seams always have interbedded in their coals more or less slate. 
 
 Coal mining in Alabama is growing rapidly, and has already assumed 
 greater proportions than that of any other Southern State, and will soon, 
 probably, take a rank next to Pennsylvania. The mines are all close to the 
 present lines of transportation. They include among them some of the richest, 
 if not tlie richest, bituminous coal plants on the face of the globe. The 
 progress of coal mining in the State for the fifteen years prior to 1886 is repre- 
 sented by the following figures: 
 
 In 1870 11,000 tons. 
 
 1873 40,000 " 
 
 1876 ' 100,000 " 
 
 1879 250,000 " 
 
 1882 800,000 " 
 
 1885 2,225,000 " 
 
 Since 1885 a comparatively wonderful development has been taking place 
 in coal mining. The tremendous increase of demand for coking purposes has 
 compelled the large iron corporations (the largest of whom own their own coal 
 property) to double, treble and even quadruple the capacity of their mines. 
 The Tennessee Coal and Iron Company, which is now raising nearly 3,000 tons 
 per day from their Pratt Mines, will increase that capacity to 4.000 tons per 
 day before the expiration of the present year. The contracts of the Cahaba 
 Coal and Mining Company in furnishing the fuel for Anniston furnaces, and 
 for other purposes, will require an increase of their output to 3,000 tons per 
 day. The Sloss Iron and Steel Company will need from their Coalburg Mines 
 an output of 1,200 tons per day. The West Warrior Field, on the Georgia 
 Pacific Railroad, will yield this year about 1,500 tons per day. The same field 
 on the Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham Railroad and Sheffield & 
 
Birmingham. 53 
 
 Birmingham Railroad will have an output of about 1,200 tons per day. The 
 Henryellen Mines, on the Georgia Pacific Railroad, are increasing their capacity 
 to 800 tons per day. The East Warrior Field, on the Louisville & Nashville, 
 will increase its capacity to 1,500 tons per day. The Blue Creek Region, on 
 the Birmingham Mineral Railroad, will soon have an output of 700 tons per 
 -day. By an addition of these different outputs, which may be taken as safe 
 estimates (falling below, rather than exceeding the probable output), we have 
 a daily yield of 13,900 tons per day, or four million one hundred and seventy 
 thousand tons for the present year's output. This calculation d.oes not include 
 the Coosa Field, nor the South Warrior, near Tuscaloosa, both of those fields 
 being outside of the Birmingham District. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. 
 
 Other things being equal, that coal section which has the best and cheap- 
 est transportation facilities is bound, sooner or later, to take precedence in a 
 ■competitive market. In the East Warrior Field, the finest railroad system of 
 the South, the Louisville & Nashville, furnishes the transportation. By this 
 line is reached northward, Decatur, Nashville, Louisville, St. Louis and inter- 
 mediate points; southward, Birmingham, Selma, Montgomery, Mobile, New 
 Orleans, points in Georgia and Florida. The West Warrior Coal Fields in 
 Walker County have the Georgia Pacific Railroad entering them on the east 
 and west. Eastward is reached Birmingham, Anniston, Atlanta and competi- 
 tive points in Georgia. Westward, Columbus, Miss., and connection with the 
 Mobile & Ohio Railroad and the Illinois Central Railroad for inland points in 
 Mississippi, Mobile and New Orleans ; also, the Kansas City, Memphis & Bir- 
 mingham Railroad, which takes coal eastward to Birmingham for local use and 
 transfers, and westward to Memphis, Kansas City and intermediate points. 
 The Memphis trade and river points generally come in contact with compe- 
 tition with Pittsburg coal, which is floated down the Ohio to the INIississippi 
 ■during the navigable season. The real market for the West Warrior Field is 
 through Central Mississippi, and through Birmingham east and south. The 
 Birmingham & Sheflield Railroad and the Mineral Railroad (both lately built) 
 ■carry the coals of the West Warrior Field to local points, such as Sheffield and 
 Bessemer. The Alabama Great Southern Railroad bounds the Warrior Field 
 on the southeast, and passes through the Cahaba Field (the only coal on its 
 line). 
 
 Winding through the Warrior basin from northeast to southwest is a 
 xiver length within that basin of nearly one hundred miles, which can be 
 made navigable for steam tugs and coal barges all the year round with a min- 
 imum channel, at extreme low water, of 80 feet wide by 4 feet deep, for the 
 fium of from $400,000 to $1,200,000, according to the nature of the work. 
 
 Cheap coal is of national importance, and it will, no doubt, be soon 
 deemed a wdse investment by the National Government to appropriate a sum 
 for this purpose. When this is done ocean steamers can receive their cargoes 
 at Mobile and fear no competition in the ports of the Gulf of Mexico and the 
 South Atlantic. The Tuscaloosa & Northern Railroad, connecting with the 
 Alabama Great Southern Railroad at Tuscaloosa, will soon pierce the West 
 Warrior Field, and give an additional outlet to that section. 
 
54 North Alabama. 
 
 DEMAND. 
 
 The supreme practical consideration in all commercial transactions is the 
 "demand," as it, to a great extent, regulates the price of a commodity and 
 the corresponding profit. With reference to that portion of the coal used in 
 the making of iron in this section, the " demand," however, has little influ- 
 ence on the " price,'' as a sHding scale of prices, regulated by the market price of 
 iron, in turn regulates the price of coal or coke consumed in the furnaces. It 
 must not be considered, however, that this sliding scale has aught to do with 
 the wages of the laborer. The miners of this section receive from fifty-five to 
 sixty-five cents per ton in summer, and sixty to eighty. in winter, the prices 
 varying according to thickness of seam, and whetlier coal is " run-of-mine," 
 " forked " or " lump." 
 
 In considering the '' demand " upon a region for its coal product, we 
 should distinguish between that which is positive and that which is tentative. 
 
 The positive demand, that which comes without seeking, is naturally that 
 of home consumption. While the home consumption may not be equal to 
 the actual output, it can exceed the supply that is meted to it, since the nat- 
 ural result of competition is to seek channels that will pay higher prices than 
 those of home consumption. The consequence of the inability to control the 
 placing of all the product for home consumption until the supply is equal to- 
 the demand, is that anomaly of a coal famine in a coal region, and a conse- 
 quent rise of price for manufacturing and domestic uses (except as hereinbefore 
 noted), to equal the price procured through other channels. Especially is this 
 the case where the tentative demand is so enormous as that upon this section. 
 AVe have referred to the rapiil increase of development, naming figures that 
 are stupendous for a comparative growth. To the casual reader, 4,170,000 tons 
 of coal for this year would seem ample to supply every demand upon this 
 immediate region. Think again. Twenty new furnaces, the majority of 
 which will be blown in during the spring or summer, the tremendous increase 
 of manufactories, the additional railroads, the additional population, all make 
 a demand that will more than double that of 1885, and yet the estimate of 
 this year's output of coal is not double that of the output of that year. 
 
 The positive demand upon this region outside of at least 1,800,000 tons 
 consumed in making coke includes the manufacturing and domestic supply for 
 Birmingham, Anniston, Decatur, Sheffield, Florence, Tuscumbia, intermediate 
 towns, brick works, Columbus and other Mississippi towns, a large block to 
 Atlanta, Columbus, Ga., Montgomery, Mobile and New Orleans, and, in addi- 
 tion, the large consumption of intersecting and tributary railroads. 
 
 VV^hat is the tentative demand ? Who can answer? It has never yet been 
 supplied, neither has any effort been made to increase it. There was no neces- 
 sity for so doing. A glance at the possibilities of this tentative trade will pro- 
 nounce it practically unlimited. The natural source of supply for millions of 
 tons of coal now shipped from other points are the coal regions of Alabama. 
 They are unlimited as to quantity, and of excellent quality. The facilities for 
 transportation are being rapidly increased. Already are the railroads appreciat- 
 ing tlie great future which awaits them in coal transportation, and are making 
 
BlKMINGHAM. 55 
 
 prices that will enable our mines to suecessfull}' compete at water points with 
 Pittsburg navigation down the Ohio and Mississippi. Competitive railroads 
 ■will still lower freights. Mobile, New Orleans and Pensacola are holding open 
 their doors, through which gulf ports and points in (Central and South America 
 may be reached. Texas, already a large market for coal from this section, is 
 ready to receive more than we can spare. The future of coal mining and coke 
 burning in this section hold out to enterprise and capital opportunities rarely 
 surpassed. As with iron, .so with coal. The Young South, as embodied in the 
 recent triumphal progress in Alabama, with swaddling clothes thrown aside, 
 and in the vigor of renewed youth, will yet prove to the North, to the East 
 and to the world that in the fairer and more peaceful art of competition she 
 enters the race to win for herself those great trophies which Nature intended 
 her to have when she placed here in such great abundance those promoters of 
 industrial activitj' — iron and coal. 
 
 In keeping with tiiis rapid growth of the coal production is that of the 
 
 f OKE INDUSTRY OF THE STATE 
 
 This industry, though less than ten years old, is next to the greate.st of its 
 kind in the world, and unless Pennsylvania looks well to her laurels in this 
 respect there will be dangin-, in a few years, of her being usurped by this 
 Southern power. The growth of the coke industry in Alabama for the six 
 years prior to 1886 is indicated by the following figures : 
 
 In 1880 (iO,781 tons. 
 
 1881 109,03.3 " 
 
 1882 152,940 " 
 
 1883 217,531 " 
 
 1884 244,009 " 
 
 1885 304,509 " 
 
 A safe estimate for 18S8 will base the coke product at 1,000,000 tons. Now^ 
 as it takes very nearly two tons of coal to make one ton of coke, it will be 
 seen that a large proportion of the coal yield is consumed in that way. 
 
 COMPARATIVE ANALYSES. 
 
 Mr. Brainerd kindly furnishes the following analyses : 
 
 No. 1 Limestone — Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company — Protoxide 
 iron, 0.440; silica, 2.790; lime carbonate, 94.2203; magnesia carbonate, 2.5190; 
 undetermined and loss, 0.0303. 
 
 Limestone No. 2, Stock Pile — Tennessee Coal, Iron ct Railroad Company — 
 Protoxide iron, 0.703; silica, 3.380; alumina, 1.297; lime carbonate, 92.482; 
 magnesia carbonate, 757 ; undetermined and loss, 1.3810. 
 
 Pratt Coke, Stock Pile — Tennessee C'oal, Iron & Railroad Company^ 
 Ensley Furnace— Moisture, O.ltw; volatile, 1.190; fixed carbon, 86.733; 
 sulphur, 1.081; silica, 5.4.55; alumina, 2957; oxide iron, l.i'43 ; lime, 0.315; 
 magnesia, 0.150; color, 10.820 ash ; ginger. 
 
 Pratt Coke, No. 2, Stock Pile, Sloss Furnace Companv — Moisture, 0.170 ; 
 volatile, 1.179; fixed carbon, 90.163; sulphur, 8-58; ash, "8.660; silica, 3.37; 
 alumina, 3.51 ; oxide iron. 1.152; phosphorus, 0.032. 
 
 Pratt Coke, No. 3— Moisture, 0..5(I0 ; volatile, 1.700; fixed carbon, 90.026; 
 suljihur, 0.800 ; ash, 6.660. This was an average sample from a lot made at 
 
Birmingham, 57 
 
 Sloss Furnace Company's Coke Ovens. Pratt Coke, No. 4, sampled from stock 
 pile, Alice Furnaces, June 17, 1885 — Moisture and volatile, 1.600 per cent. ; 
 fixed carbon, 83.43 per cent. ; sulphur, 0.72 ; ash, 14.25 per cent.; phosphorus, 
 0.05 per cent. 
 
 Watt's Coke (washed)— Moisture, 0.200; volatile, 1.600; fixed carbon, 
 93.304; sulphur. 1.116; ash, 4.780; color — ash gray. 
 
 New Castle Coke— Moisture, 0.1500; volatile, 1.1200; fixed carbon, 
 91.4690 ; sulphur, .6610 ; ash 6.6000. 
 
 Cahaba Coke— :Moisture, 0.0750; volatile, 2.7200; fixed carbon, 91.3465; 
 sulphur, 7055, ash, 5.1500 (analysis, 1888). No. 2 Coke— INloisture. 0.400; 
 volatile, 1.800; sulphur, 0.867 ; fixed carbon, 8.752; ash, 7.400 (analysis, 
 1887). 
 
 Coalburg Coke— Volatile, 3.600 ; fixed carbon, 78.9729 ; sulphur, 1.9471 ; 
 ash, 15.4800. 
 
 Bine Creek Coke — DeBardeleben Coal & Iron Company — Moisture, 0.2500 ; 
 volatile, 0.4000 ; fixed carbon, 92.3268 ; suljdiur, 0.8232 ; silica, 2.98; alumina, 
 1.302; oxide iron, 1.412 ; lime, 0.42; magnesia, 0.086; ash, 6.20; color, ginger. 
 
 j RON. COAL AND LIMESTONE- 
 
 THETR RELATIVE LOCATION. 
 
 Birmingham, while unsurpassed and unequaled in lier mineral advan- 
 tages, her greatest strength and claim is the proximity of iron to coal and 
 limestone. We refer to and quote from the United States Geological Survey, 
 headed " Mineral Resources of the United States, for 1883-4-6." 
 
 " It is claimed that the South possesses advantages in its proximity of its 
 ores, fuel and limestone, and in cheap labor, which enables it to manufacture 
 pig iron more cheaply than any other section of the country. This claim is 
 undoubtedly true of several Southern States, and should everywhere be 
 frankly conceded. Upon this matter the testimony of I. Lowthion Bell, the 
 highest authority in England on the manufacture of iron, is available. His 
 opinion is based upon a personal observation of the resources of the South 
 during a visit to the section in 1874. He says: ' In the Southern States of 
 Tennessee and Alabama, and to some extent in Georgia, there are very large 
 deposits of iron ore which lie so near to the coal fields of the valleys, watered 
 by the Alabama and Black Warrior rivers, as to render, in all likelihood, the 
 cost of the Itringing together the materials for making iron not more than it is 
 on the Noir Tees. The natural conditions under which ore and fuel are found 
 are such that it would be difficult to find a locality of any magnitude in any 
 country wliere these minerals can be more cheaply wrought than in ALA- 
 BAJIA. Ultimately there seems nothing, so far as our knowledge permits us to 
 judge, to prevent these Southern States from becoming the cheapest iron-making 
 centers of the Union.' They are that now. See pages 37 and 38, 1884. 
 
 " The nearness of the ores to the fuel, the apx)arent abundance of iron ores, 
 and the ease with which they can be worked have caused a rapid development 
 of iron manufactures in Alabama, and consequently an activity in exploita- 
 tion of iron ore mines." See page 85 of 1886 Reports. 
 
58 NoKTH Alabama. 
 
 P ROXIMITY OF COAL AND LIMESTONE 
 
 Binuinghain's coal deposits seem to be practically as exhaustless as her 
 iron. Nature seems to have aj)])ortioiie(l each to the other. 
 
 The United States Geological Report for 188B estimates Alabama's avail- 
 able coal, in workable seams over eighteen (18) inches thick, to be 108,394,- 
 000,000 tons. 
 
 The United States Report says : " The portion of Appalachian Coal Fields 
 ■covering this State (Alabama), with an area of 5,530 square miles, is the south- 
 western extremity of that great field. This termination is in the form of. a 
 Tery marked expansion from the narrowness which has characterized ihe 
 Appalachian system in its passage through Tennessee."— Report of 1883-84, 
 p. 14. This field reaches its greatest width between Birmingham and Tusca- 
 loosa, which lie fifty miles apart. Pratt Mines, with an output of about 3,000 
 tons per day, is situated five miles northwest of the city, and is just across the 
 valley from the famous Redding ore mines. These mines are now increasing 
 to 4,000 tons per day, and will produce most of the coi-e-producing coal of the 
 Birmingliam District. Coalburg and Blue Creek Mines, both situated about 
 twelve miles from the city, furnish the greater part of the coal used for manu- 
 facturing purposes. Moreover, various mines of both grate and coking coal 
 are being developed in the district. The fluxing Hmestone used in the manu- 
 "^jt^ facture of iron— over 98 per cent, calcium carbonate — hes in the valley, 
 between the coal and iron deposits, the principal source of supply now being 
 from a mountain of that material five miles northeast of the city. Thus, there 
 is an inexhaustible supply of all the materials for the manufacture of iroa 
 within a radius of seven miles of Birmingham. 
 
 f OST OF MAKING A TON OF IRON 
 
 While iron and coal may be mined at a minimum cost and lie in almost 
 juxtaposition in the Birmingham District, it may be pertinently asked. 
 What is the comparative cost of smelting? Will it compare favorably with 
 that of Pennsylvania ? We unhesitatingly answer, Yes. It must be remem- 
 bered that the coke industry is comparatively new in Alabama, and tlie labor 
 employed to make it is not skilled as in the Keystone State. Yet, as Alabama 
 has fine grades of coking coal, her best coke is scarcely inferior to the famous 
 €onnellville coke, and as labor becomes more experienced the Alabama coke 
 is each year imi)roving in quality. [The reader is referred to the analyses of 
 coke contained in this volume.] We have said this much about coke, not 
 only on account of its importance in iron manufacture, but because the quality 
 of Alabama coke has been underestimated and misrepresented, as has also 
 the iron ores. 
 
 A. F. Brainerd, analytical chemist, of this citv, recently delivered aim- 
 iiddress on this subject, from which we take the following : 
 
Birmingham. 59 
 
 " If the proof of the pudding is the eating of it, then our furnace records 
 ought to and do show what our ores run and what calorific duty we obtain from 
 our cokes and what burden and blast it stands, while some would make our 
 ore poorer in iron than others. AVhy is it that the furnace gets from 40 to 50 
 per cent, of iron from an equal mixture of our poorest and best ores ? Why 
 is it that one of our furnaces has made iron with 2,500 pounds of coke to 
 2,300 pounds of iron? Another, a ton of iron to a ton of coke. Another, 
 1.27 per cent, of coke to a ton of 2,300 pounds of iron, making 66 tons of iron 
 with a blast of only 1,150 degrees Fah., for 24 hours. I do not wish to convey 
 the idea that this is done as a regular thing or as an average, but it has been 
 done and is one of the possibilities, and certainly, unless the stock was 
 excellent and did not equal the best in the world it could not be done. * * 
 
 * * * Owing to this labor having become more skillful during the past 
 three years, and also owing to extra precautions in assorting and mining the 
 coal, there is fully 3 per cent, less ash in the coke, as shown at the stock piles 
 by very careful and judicious sampling at that time and at the present. The 
 furnaces are also showing this fact by using less of the coke than formerly, 
 and getting more duty from the same. A certain manager of an iron works 
 in this city illustrates the fact that the coke has improved in quality in saying, 
 
 * Several years ago I only succeeded in melting four pounds of iron with one 
 of coke in the foundry cupola. I have now been enabled to melt eight pounds 
 of iron with one pound of coke.' How does this compare with our Northern 
 iron foundries ? These facts show that our labor is becoming more skillful, 
 and when equally skilled as Northern labor, our raw material will be propor- 
 tionate!}' improved, and will compare favorably and in most instances forge 
 ahead of them all." 
 
 That iron can be manufactured cheaper in the Birmingham District than 
 anywhere in the world where pauper labor is not employed, is a fact now 
 generally conceded and admitted by Pennsylvania iron manufacturers. 
 
 The availability of these materials is no less remarkable than the quantity. 
 This is shown indisputably by their costs, which are as follows : 
 
 Iron ore, $1.00 per ton delivered at the furnace. 
 Coal, 1.25 " " " " " 
 
 Limestone, .66 " " " " " 
 
 The entire cost of matei-ial for the manufacture of a ton of iron being about $5.50, 
 and the average cost of producing, including materials, less than .$9 per ton. 
 
 As mine after mine has been developed, as furnace after furnace has been 
 built, so manufactory after manufactory has followed, and to-day Birmingham 
 manufactures more finished articles out of iron than any other Southern city. 
 
 So rapid has been the wonderful development of the Birmingham Mineral 
 District that the entire valley, for twelve miles on each side of the city, is 
 dotted with flourishing villages. There are fifteen of these feeders of Birming- 
 ham, ranging in population from 500 to 6,000 people, which, for the most part, 
 are connected with the city by dummy lines, that are gradually building up 
 the valley throughout its entire length. 
 
60 NouTH Alabama. 
 
 (^ O £L £1^ L 
 
 ]:[ ENDERSON STEEL 
 
 Prof. A. F. Brainerd, analytical chemist of Birmingham, read a paper before 
 the American Institute of Mining Engineers, on the history of the Henderson 
 Steel Plant, which we here produce: 
 
 There has been no enterprise undertaken in this and adjoining States 
 which has attracted so much interest, or has been watched so closely as this, 
 the first successful attempt to convert our ordinary high phosphoric pig iron 
 into steel from native material. Our ironmasters have noticed intently 
 every attempt to convert high phosphorus pig iron into steel by the Clapp- 
 Griffith process in this country, and the Basic process on the continent, and 
 studied the various patents aiming to accomplish the same purpose, and the 
 various litigations arising among different patentees over their rival claims, 
 but up to August, 1887, nothing was done, and no move to introduce any 
 process for making steel. At the time above named, Mr. James Henderson, 
 of New^ York, came to this place with a view of introducing his patent furnace 
 and other metallurgical processes and appliances. After some delay and 
 personal interviews between parties interested and the inventor, a party of 
 gentlemen, all of moderate means and entirely unacquainted with the manu- 
 facture of either steel or iron, decided to form themselves into a body corpo- 
 rate, known as the Henderson Steel and Manufacturing Company, with a 
 capital stock of $20,000, half of wliicli was supposed to be sufficient to 
 demonstrate the utility of the Henderson process. An old plant located at 
 Boston, Massachusetts, which had been built for the same purpose several 
 years before, was removed to the furnace site located at North Birmingham, 
 Alabama, within a pistol shot of the North Birmingham Furnaces (a part 
 of the Sloss Steel and Iron Company's plant), and on a side track of the 
 Georgia Pacific Railroad; also near the Bessemer branch of the Mineral Rail- 
 road, of the Louisville & Nashville system, and also at the intersection of 
 Village Creek and the North Birmingham Dummy Line, and about half way 
 from the city of Birmingham (about three miles distant) to North Birmingham. 
 There is a ledge of dolomite, or magnesian limestone, running through and 
 cropping out on the Henderson Steel and Manufacturing Company's property, 
 which is used in building their plant, and also useful in the metallurgical 
 operation of the furnace. This stone was to have been used in the running of 
 the North Birmingham Furnace, and by the original projectors of that furnace. 
 
Birmingham. 61 
 
 The capacity of the plant is about one and one-half tons, and it was originally 
 intended to run it some ten to twenty times a day. Owing to an unfortunate 
 accident, in the shape of a gas explosion, at the first melt, the furnace was so 
 shaken that it has only been run spasmodically, making some three to four 
 melts during the day, and, consequently, doing nothing like its duty, or 
 estimated capacity. 
 
 THE STEEL PLANT. 
 
 This' plant consists of a gas producer connected with two small engines, 
 and by them supplied with air through several tuyeres. This producer is fitted 
 up with a bell and hopper for charging the coal, or any flux necessary for 
 slagging oflf the ash into cinder ; also supplied with a tap hole and cinder notch. 
 It was the intention of the inventor to use "coal slake" in this producer for 
 gas. Afterward he used the best Cahaba coal. This producer is connected 
 with the furnace, which is a small, open hearth, revolving bottom and sand 
 joint, this on one side of a crane and casting ladle and pit and connects with 
 a heating and melting furnace, and serving the purpose of a cupola furnace ; 
 then this is connected with the masonry and boilers, thence into a stack, etc. 
 Also connected with condenser to condense gases, fumes, and answers as a 
 sort of dust chamber. There is also a rotary engine and very large rotary 
 crusher, used in preparing patent bricks and bottom used in this furnace. 
 In operating the furnace, after drying out and heating up with ordinary 
 coal, the bell is let down and coal is discharged into the hoppers; from them 
 it is fed down and equally distributed into the producer, where it is ignited 
 and burned. The air in certain patented portions is merged with the gas after 
 combustion has taken place at the tuyers and thence it passes along through 
 the open hearth furnace, over to the melting and heating furnace, where a lot 
 of pig iron is placed, thence the gas passes under the boilers, thence into the 
 condensing chamber or directly into the stack. The iron being melted, the 
 open hearth furnace is revolved around until an inlet opening comes opposite 
 the tapping hole of the melting furnace, and the charge is withdrawn and 
 run into the open hearth furnace, which is revolved around to proper position, 
 and then the process of dephosphorizing, desulphurizing and decarbonizing 
 goes on, when, after taking out a test ingot, the carbon has been reduced, say 
 from 3 per cent, to 0.12 per cent., the ferro manganese, or speigle, is charged 
 and allowed to mix and incorporate itself with the mass of molten steel. 
 When this takes place the furnace is tapped and the steel runs oflf into a 
 ladle, thence cast through orifice in bottom into ingot molds, placed all ready 
 in the casting pit during the pouring, and during the 'converting process a 
 fresh lot of iron is placed and melted into the heating furnace. When another 
 melt is ready the above process is repeated, and so on day and night. It is 
 interesting to note, by comparison of an analysis given below, to see the 
 changes in converting some very poor white and mottled iron into a steel both 
 hard and mild, or soft steel. This steel has been tested physically, and has a 
 tensile strength of 85,000 pounds per square inch. It has been successfully 
 made into hammers, cold chisels, jack-knives, razors, clock and watch springs, 
 paper knives and medals, and, I suppose, some enterprising individual will 
 convert it into corset steel. It has been the aim of the inventor to use only 
 the poorest grades obtainable, and after a great deal of trouble some poor 
 5 
 
62 North Alabama. 
 
 enough to suit the fastidious taste of the invention was found, and cost $10 
 per ton free on board at furnace. This price is strongly contrasted with the 
 Bessemer pig, costing $17.50 at furnace, or of the $1.25 ore to make the pig 
 with tlie $3.50 to $5.50 Bessemer ore, or the $1 labor against the $1.50 or $1.75. 
 This company has decided to increase the capital stock and build some 
 larger furnaces. It is not claimed that this furnace is especially designed to 
 supersede the Bessemer or Basic process, but it is especially adapted to 
 our ores and pig iron, and as to relative cost is not within the province of 
 this paper to discuss, but it is safe to assume it can be made to pay a profit 
 to the producer, and has been eminently successful in showing to the Avorld 
 what can be done with Alabama pig iron. 
 
 ANALYSIS OF DOLOMITE. 
 
 Protoxide iron 0.3100 
 
 8ihca 4.7500 
 
 Lime carbonate 02.4833 
 
 Magnesia carbonate 32.4424 
 
 Sulphuric acid 0.0065 
 
 riiosphoric acid 0.0U78 
 
 Sulphur 0.2734 
 
 Phosphorus 0.0036 
 
 .2770 100. 
 
 NO. 1 STEEL HENDERSON. 
 
 ' Carbon 0.752 
 
 Silicon 0.0093 
 
 Phosi)horus 0.0513 
 
 Manganese Trace 
 
 NO. 2 STEEL HENDERSON. 
 
 Phosphorus 0.0757 
 
 Manganese 0.7700 
 
 Carbon 0.200 
 
 CAHABA COAL. 
 
 Volatile 34.12 
 
 Moisture 2.24 
 
 Fixed carbon 60.75 
 
 Sulphur 0.48 
 
 Ash 2.41 
 
 WHITE IRON. 
 
 Carbon 2.9778 
 
 Silicon l.i»605 
 
 Phosphorus 0.5781 
 
 Sulphur 0.3286 
 
 MOTTLED IRON. 
 
 Carbon 2.9026 
 
 Silicon 1.9597 
 
 Phosphorus 0.6493 
 
 Sulphur 0.2246 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 J HE ELYTON LAND COMPANY 
 
 No historical and descriptive sketch of this city would be complete with- 
 out an appended article on the Elyton Land Company, a company which 
 affords the most remarkable record of expansion and development known to 
 the South, if indeed not to the Union. The following is from the New Orleans 
 Times-Democrat, and reads like a romance. We give this extended sketch in 
 connection with that of the city of Birmingham, for, as a matter of fact, it 
 would be utterly impossible to separate the two, so closely are their past, pres- 
 ent and future interwoven. " The history of the Elyton Land Company forms 
 an integral part of the history of the great and growing city founded by its 
 wise, patient and generous policy ; and where so much space has been devoted 
 to the child the claims of the parent institution must assert themselves with 
 redoubled force. Never was there a more notable instance of the ultimate 
 triumph of a fixed and honorable purpose. There have been times in the 
 career of this great Company when even its most stalwart champions have 
 been almost ready to give up the fight, when the sun has apparently set for- 
 ever upon the bright hopes of its originators, and when nothing but the advent 
 of a master mind, fertile in resource, far-seeing in conception and inflexible of 
 purpose — the Justus et tenax propositi vir of Horace could have guided the shat- 
 tered vessel to a haven of safety. But such a man was forthcoming. In the 
 darkest hours of the Elyton Land Company its destinies were happily con- 
 fided to one who nobly " took up arms against a sea of troubles, and by oppos- 
 ing ended them." Splendid alike in the record of its past, in the glory of its 
 present and in the premise of its future, the Elyton Land Company stands out 
 to-day as the chief pride of the most remarkable Southern city of the nine- 
 teenth century. 
 
 " The small town of Elyton, whence this corporation derived its name, was 
 called after a Mr. Ely, a Federal land agent, who, as far back as 1820, gained 
 the good will of the people of Jefi'erson County by an act of liberality in allot- 
 ting to them, at the time of the organization of the county, the quarter section 
 of land, in the midst of which the customhouse was erected. 
 
 " In January, 1871, more than seventeen years ago, the Elyton Land Com- 
 pany came into existence. The incorporators had secured clear titles to 4,^150 
 acres of land in the vicinity of the present city of Birmingham. The capital 
 was $200,000. 
 
 MR. JOSIAH MORRIS, 
 
 then, and still a wealthy private banker of Montgomery, advanced the money 
 to pay for the original purchase of the company, and at one time held all the 
 title deeds. Col. James R. Powell was the first President of the Elyton Land 
 Company, and his management of its affairs was vigorous and able. In June, 
 1871, the lots of the Company were offered for sale. Much publicity had been 
 given to the event, and despite inadequate transportation the result was a suc- 
 cess beyond everything that had been anticipated. Tlie whole heart of the 
 Company was thrown into the building up of the city it had started. All the 
 
ELYTON LAND COMrANY'S BUILDING. 
 
Birmingham. 65 
 
 capital had been investetl in land. From then until now the policy of the 
 Company haa been one of extreme liberality to settlers, who have virtually 
 been allowed to purchase land for building or manufacturing purposes on their 
 own terms. 
 
 " Insufficiency of water supply, which necessitated an expenditure of $100,- 
 000, and the financial panic of 1873, reduced the fortunes of the corporation 
 to the lowest ebb. Heavily in debt, and with no apparent chance of overtiding 
 its difficulties, the company found itself in a serious dilemma in 1875. At this 
 juncture Col. Powell resigned the Presidency, and Dr. H. M. Caldwell was 
 selected by Mr. Morris and his brother directors to fill the vacant post, at 
 which time Mr. Josiah Morris, backed by Col. J. W. Sloss and Dr. H. M. 
 Caldwell, gave their individual names to bridge the company over Ijy a pay- 
 ment of $25,000 or $30,000. 
 
 HENRY MARTIN CALDWELL, 
 
 the Napoleon of land financiers, was born in Greenville, Ala., in 1836. He 
 studied medicine, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1857, and 
 began practice in his native town. On the outbreak of the civil war, in 1861, 
 he promptly volunteered, and until the close of the struggle, as surgeon of the 
 Thirty-third Alabama Regiment, he was ever found where duty and human- 
 ity called him. For two years after this Dr. Caldwell continued in the practice 
 of medicine, which he then definitely abandoned and entered upon commercial 
 life. His executive and financial ability were soon noticed by Mr. Josiah 
 Morris, who, as already stated, installed him as President of the Elyton Land 
 Company in 1875. The Doctor had only just settled in Birmingham ; the 
 duties assigned to him were not only onerous, but practically honorary. All 
 the world knows the story of his subsequent triumphant success, how he out- 
 lined the policy which has made the Company, with which his name must 
 always be inseparably connected, the most prosperous of its kind in the world, 
 and how in refilling its own well-nigh exhausted treasury, in contrast with 
 the iniquitous injustice of grasping monopolies elsewhere, the Elyton Land 
 Company has built up Birmingham, fostered her industries and multiplied 
 her capital. 
 
 " Dr. Caldwell saw that his Company must always be the guiding spirit in 
 the development of the city. He left to others the detailed carrying out of 
 the manufactures, etc., which his action had encouraged. As time went on 
 and the wisdom of the enterprise became more and more apparent, it was 
 deemed advisable to add considerably to the landed property of the Company. 
 This has been efTected without any increase in the original capital of $200,000. 
 The almost unparalleled absence of litigation that has characterized the enor- 
 mous sales of the Elyton Land Company forms of itself an eloquent com- 
 mentary on the just and equitable system that has been adhered to. In 
 March, 1886, these sales amounted to $200,000, nearly all in residence lots to 
 bona fide settlers. In the first three weeks of August, 1887, the transactions 
 reached the stupendous sum of $1,000,000. From September, 1885, to Septem- 
 ber, 1886, the total was over $2,250,000. 
 
 " Such is a brief sketch of the career of the Elyton Land Company. Tried 
 in the crucible, strengthened and fortified by a past not destitute of hardship, 
 
^6 North ALABA\i:A. 
 
 the Elyton Land Company bids fair to grow in wisdom and in power. The 
 end is not yet, but the horizon is brilliantly clear, the clouds so much dreaded 
 have been found big with mercy, and liave surely broken in blessings over the 
 lieads of its organizers. 
 
 ]^ IRMINGHAM'S FUTURE 
 
 In the foregoing pages the past and present of Birminghaju have been set 
 forth ; between the lines read the future. She is now fully equii)ped for the 
 accomplishment of greater things, for, in the sixteen years of her growth, she 
 has acquired a momentum which nothing can stay. The city has now all the 
 agencies and factors to command continued development and growth in all the 
 elements of wealth, greatness and power. Her present status assures the 
 future, and that that future is more promising now than ever is self-evident. 
 A word or two by way of recapitulation. This city owes its existence and 
 present size to the vast natural resources in the immediate vicinity. The 
 presence of Red Mountain on one side and the coal fields on the other is an 
 argument for the future from which there is no appeal. If iron and coal hava 
 made the city great in the past, they will make her greater in the future. 
 Birmingham's future rests upon a basis unchanging and unchangeable, and her 
 claims to future greatness are as sure and solid as the everlasting hills which 
 environ her. A. K. McClure, the talented editor of the Philadelphia Times, 
 writing to his paper of Alabama's and Binningham's resources, says : 
 
 Just what this vast field of as yet untested wealth may produce will be 
 known only when the rattling, rollicking iron infant hurries on toward man- 
 hood ; but discounting Birmingham by all that is yet undiscovered as to 
 variety of iron, it is the most inviting iron field on the continent, with a coal 
 trade in the near future that will be bounded only by the coal ports of the 
 world ; and another decade will likely see more than an hundred thousand 
 population here, with the whole region dotted with hives of industry such as 
 Birmingham is to-day. With the marvelous progress made liere when stagna- 
 tion prevailed in all the coal and iron centers of the North, what must be the 
 strides of this industrial center when prosperity comes to revive the same 
 industries in Pennsylvania? This country will draw the young men of energy 
 from the coal and iron mountains in Pennsylvania, just as the fertile prairies 
 of the West have drawn the young men of energy from our Pennsylvania 
 farms, and there is room for thousands of them, with better prospects of suc- 
 cess than in any new State or Territory of the Union. 
 
 These are strong expressions, but I write them after the most exhaustive 
 inquiry and careful examination, and I know that they are fully warranted. 
 This is the coal and iron empire of tlie South, and, I believe, the future coal and 
 iron empire of the United States ; and it has a climate and soil adapted to the 
 bountiful growth of everything grown in Pennsylvania, with one-sixth of the 
 entire cotton crop of the South added. It is the equal of Pennsylvania in 
 forest, field and mine, with climate, natural highways, and cheapness of pro- 
 duct turning the scales in her favor. These are stubborn truths, and let us 
 
Birmingham. 67 
 
 profit by them. Thoy Avill not make Pennsylvania i)oor, for her people and 
 resources are equal to any and all the mutations of industry and trade ; but 
 they will make Alal^ama rich, and that will multiply the wealth and grandeur 
 of the whole Union. 
 
 f ONCLUSIQN 
 
 Birmingham, with her unrivaled resources, financial, commercial and 
 industrial, her miles of workshops, influential connections, splendid location, 
 superiority of her manufactures, and sterling enterprise and energy of her citi- 
 zens, is the best type to-day of the concentrated forces of modern civilization, 
 and is evidently but yet in the adolescence of her giant growth as among the 
 great manufacturing centers of the continent. 
 
 The various facts and statistics given in the preceding pages, when taken 
 in conjunction with the business sketches that follow, will enable even the 
 casual reader to form an adequate and rational idea of the increase in commer- 
 cial importance of the city of Birmingham, and the rank she is properly 
 entitled to hold in the sisterhood of cities that constitutes the industrial cen- 
 ters of the Union. Extremely fortunate in location and in the mineral and 
 agricultural richness of the country tributary to her, the energetic and pro- 
 gre.ssive spirit of her people has seized upon the marvelous natural facilities 
 and advantages at their command, and are earnestly engaged in developing 
 them to the highest possible point of commercial utility. 
 
 At a first glance the interests of general trade would seem to be dwarfed 
 or overshadowed by the stupendous manufacturing industries that center 
 here ; but a second one will convince the reader that the former are excep- 
 tionally active, and involve the investment of a vast amount of capital and 
 a proportionate measure of prosperity. Her wholesale trade, which has 
 steadily and rapidly increased within a few years, is in a healthy and jiros- 
 perous condition, and its annual transactions can be represented only by large 
 figures ; while the number and elegance of her retail houses are noticeable, 
 and the leading merchants are conspicuous for their enterprise and stability. 
 . In the succeeding pages devoted to Birmingham are sketches of the leading 
 merchants, through whose aid and co-operation this work has been issued. 
 
BIRniNQHAn. 
 
 5tati5tieal ai^d Bio(5rapl7i(;aI 8I^(^tef7(^s of Z(^3d\T)<^ 
 
 f\[) iQterestip^ l^e^ord of Its 5rad(^ aQd people. 
 
 Mining and Manufacturing. 
 BIRMINGHAM MINING AND MAN- 
 UFACTURING CO., office Third avenue, 
 between Twentieth and Twenty-first 
 streets. — The mining industry is of more 
 vital importance to commercial life than 
 any other branch of activity, for upon this 
 manufacturing and mercantile interests 
 almost wholly depend. This is true, at 
 least, of the iron and coal belt of Ala- 
 bama. In a historical review of Birming- 
 ham as an industrial center, therefore, 
 special mention should be made of those 
 industries which are, from their nature, 
 creative, as it w'ere, in their relation to 
 others of less importance. This is pe- 
 culiarly true of the business conducted 
 by the Birmingham Mining and Manu- 
 facturing Co., who own and operate ex- 
 tensive limestone quarries, located five 
 miles from this city. It is not necessary 
 to state how essential to the manufac- 
 ture of iron is limestone, but let it suf- 
 fice to say that more than two-thirds of 
 this valuable rock used in the furnaces 
 in and near Birmingham is quarried and 
 mined by this eompany. On their 
 property are three veins of limestone 
 in seemingly inexhaustible quantities. 
 The equipment is complete for quarry- 
 ing stone, and, for transportation, a two- 
 G 
 
 mile double track has been built, con- 
 necting with three railroads coming into 
 the city. The two Gates rock crushers 
 operated in the quarries of the Company 
 have a crushing capacity of 3,200 tons 
 per day of ten hours. The sand rock 
 crusher has a capacity of 25 cars per day 
 of ten hours, or 500 yards of crushed 
 sand. On the property of the Company, 
 in addition to the limestone, brown stone 
 and sand, are three veins of red hema- 
 tite, one vein 4 feet, one 6 feet, and one 
 from 30 to 50 feet thick, the two former 
 of high grade, and the latter of low grade. 
 The limestone is of the best quality and 
 in great demand. Much of it is manu- 
 factured into lime by the Company, and 
 nearly all the lime used in this city comas 
 from these kilns. This is sold to cus- 
 tomers either in barrels or in bulk. In 
 addition, they mine concrete and build- 
 ing sand for furnaces, foundries and 
 buildings, and have a large and valuable 
 deposit of brown stone for building pur- 
 poses, which will soon be worked on an 
 extensive scale. In the various branches 
 of the Company's business seven hun- 
 dred men are employed, and the best 
 improved machinery and methods are 
 used. The President of the Company 
 is ]\Iaclin Sloss The name Sloss is 
 
70 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 synonymous with the rise and progress 
 of the iron industry in Alabamu. Mr. 
 Sloss is an alumnus of the University 
 of Tennessee, and is a gentleman of cul- 
 ture and superior business ability. Mr. 
 Fred Sloss, a brother, is a partner, and 
 is known as a gentleman of excellent 
 character. He came to this city with 
 his brother in 1876, when there were but 
 4,000 inhabitants. Since tiien they have 
 been connected with the iron industry, 
 and have, from the first, taken a leading 
 and conspicuous part in the development 
 of the mineral interests of the State. 
 They have proven to the community 
 that they are indispensable factors in the 
 march of development. They are con- 
 nected with a number of companies, 
 enterprises, etc., and are justly regarded 
 the leading si^irits of North Alabama, 
 and men who stand high, both socially 
 and commercially. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 ALLEN, SCOTT & CO., Whole.sale 
 Grocers. — Birmingham is fast looming 
 up as a wholesale trade center, and there 
 are many reasons why it should suc- 
 cessfully compete with older and larger 
 cities. One advantage, which she has, 
 is the fact that she is l^ecoming more and 
 more every year a prominent railroad 
 center, and her merchants will be en- 
 abled to ship goods tiirough this and 
 even adjacent States at the lowest rates 
 of freight. Some of the most enterpris- 
 ing and progressive merchants are real- 
 izing these facts, and have established 
 exclusive wholesale houses, and in every 
 instance these ventures have met witli 
 signal success. 
 
 Among the largest, oldest, and most 
 influential houses to l)e found here i.s 
 that of Allen, Scott & Co., the pioneer 
 Wholesale Grocers, and dealers in grain 
 and hay. Their place of business is 1909 
 First avenue, and 1908 Morris avenue. 
 The bu.siness was established in 1885, suc- 
 ceeding Allen, Scott & Sherrard ; the 
 latter succeeding James A. Allen & Co., 
 who commenced business in the early 
 days of Birmingham. The storeroom is 
 a handsome one, a three-story brick 
 building 25 feet in width by 182 feet in 
 depth, running through the entire square 
 from street to street. The stock consists 
 of staple and fancy groceries, which are 
 kept in large quantities and are bought 
 from first hands. Every article usually 
 to be found in a wholesale grocery store 
 can be purchased here, and at lowest 
 prices. They keep nothing but fresh 
 
 goods, and sell to merchants exclusively. 
 They are competing successfully with 
 Eastern and Western houses, and the 
 scope of their trade extends not only 
 through this, but into adjacent States. 
 They employ a number of traveling sales- 
 men, and are kept busy filling orders 
 for numerdus customers. They make 
 a S])ecialtv also of grain and hay, for 
 which articles they have a large trade. 
 
 Mr. W. C. Scott is a native of Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee, and was formerly in the 
 wholesale hardware business in that 
 city, and was subsequently identified 
 with the woolen mills there. He is a 
 member of the Masonic order, and a 
 gentleman of high social and commercial 
 standing. 
 
 Mr. B. C. Scott, now deceased, was 
 also a native of Nashville, and was 
 formerly storekeeper for the Tennessee 
 Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., at Tracy 
 City, Tennessee. He was an Odd Fellow, 
 and a member of the Knights of Pythias, 
 and was a man who had a large circle of 
 friends that admired him for his many 
 admirable traits. 
 
 Mr. C. A. Allen was born in Southern 
 Alabama, and educated at the University 
 of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, where he 
 graduated. He is a young man, but en- 
 dowed with indomitable energj', and is 
 a wide-awake member of the firm. 
 
 Mr. James A. Allen is father of C. A., 
 and the original founder of this sterling 
 house. He is the senior member of the 
 firm, and takes a lively interest in its 
 afi'airs, and is identified with their inter- 
 ests, and here his old customers and 
 friends will always find bim. Mr. Allen 
 came to Birmingham in 1871, the first 
 year of its existence, and in seventeen 
 years has seen it grow into a large and 
 flourishing city. In this time he has 
 devoteil his entire time and energy 
 to his business, and has seen all his ef- 
 forts crowned with success. He is a 
 valuable factor, not only to the firm, but 
 the city. 
 
 This firm thus combines in its part- 
 nership the wisdom of age with the 
 energy of youth, and it ranks as the 
 leading house, in this special line, in this 
 city, if not, indeed, in the State. 
 
 Coke Pig Iron. 
 
 TENNESSEE COAL, IRON & RAIL- 
 ROAD CO. — The material resources and 
 advantages possessed by Birmingham 
 and surrounding territorj' cannot be sur- 
 passed. Of these, by far the most im- 
 portant are the inexhaustible beds of 
 
EiRMIXGIIAM. 
 
 71 
 
 the finest coal and iron. The corpor- 
 :ation known as The Tennessee Coal, Iron 
 ■& Railroad ( "o. — of national reputation — 
 was estahlished in 188(). The capital 
 •stock is $10,000,000. Tlie vast husiness 
 now conducted hy this cor])oration in 
 isuch a thoroughly elhcien manner ex- 
 tends through a large range of territory 
 — from Maine to Califoriua. The Com- 
 pany is divided into five divisions, name- 
 ly : The Birmingham Division, which 
 ■comprises the two Alice Fuinaces and 
 the Linn Iron Works; the Pratt Mines 
 Division, which supplies nearly all the 
 iurnaces around with coal and coke; the 
 Ensley Division, comprising four fur- 
 naces at luisley ; the .South Pittsburg 
 Division, which embraces three furnaces 
 at South Pittsburg. Tennessee, and the 
 Cowan Division, which embraces one 
 furnace and mines at Cowan, Tennessee. 
 The daily outj)ut of coal is 0,000 tons; of 
 iron, that of the Alice Funuices 180 tons, 
 and that of the Ensley City Furnaces 
 600 tons of iron daily. The Company's 
 facilities are as perfect as its connections 
 are influential. It is the largest corpor- 
 ation of the kind in the South, and em- 
 ployes 2,700 men. The officers of the 
 Company are : President, N. Baxter, Jr., 
 of Nashville; T. T. Hillman, Vice-Presi- 
 <lent, Birmingham ; Jas. Bowron, of Nash- 
 A^ille, Secretary and Treasurer; A. M. 
 Shook, General Manager; J. A. Stratton, 
 •Cashier; and J. J. Gray, Sales Agent, 
 Room 3, Johnston Building, Cincinnati, 
 ■Ohio. 
 
 The above are gentlemen of public 
 spirit, conservative, yet fully imbued 
 with the true sjiirit of enterprise, hence 
 they enjoy a record possessed onh' by 
 those whose transactions ai'e based upon 
 the strictest regard for commercial honor. 
 The principles wliich regulate the busi- 
 ness policy of this corpcjration are such 
 as to entitle it to general respect and 
 •confidence, while the great extent of its 
 operations has made its position one of 
 national prominenct', adding very largely. 
 Indeed, to the sum total of Birming- 
 ham's volume of business, for it is the 
 •chief source whence her industrial pop- 
 ulation secures support and em])loyment. 
 
 The Sloss Iron and Steel Company. 
 
 General office: Alabama National 
 Bank building. — The magnitude and 
 extent of the iron-producing industries 
 clustered around this city are almost 
 as much a matter of wonderment as the 
 vast deposits of valuable mineral. 
 
 There are certain of these industries, 
 
 l)y reason of their size and successful 
 record, considered representative in 
 character, and anything regarding them 
 is read with interest, for it is a well- 
 recognized fact that they are the foun- 
 dation stones, as it were, on which the 
 superstructure of commercial suprem- 
 acy must rest. The conditions are all 
 favorable for the upbuilding of a great 
 city, and, in view of this fact, the day is 
 not distant when Birmingham, like 
 Pittsburg, will be surrounded by mis- 
 cellaneous industries of all kinds. 
 
 The Sloss Iron & Steel Company is 
 the pioneer and forerunner in a great 
 work. While the chief product of the 
 Sloss Furnaces at present is pig iron, 
 they will ultimately make steel. The 
 quality of the product is the best coke 
 pig iron, and commands in the market 
 the highest prices. 
 
 This Company has two furnaces near 
 the city completed, and two at North 
 Birmingham nearly completed. They 
 employ five hundred men in furnace 
 work alone, and will soon have an out- 
 put daily of four hundred tons. The 
 plant is one of the largest, oldest and 
 best known in the South. The Company 
 was originally founded by Col. W. J. 
 Sloss, the pioneer iron manufacturer, but 
 in February, 1887, Avas sold, and the pres- 
 ent company organized. 
 
 The officers are : Thomas Seddon, 
 President ; Kenneth Robertson, General 
 INIanager, and J. P. Williams, Secretary 
 and Ti'easurer. 
 
 The officers are gentlemen of excellent 
 business qualifications, and thoroughly 
 informed as to the details of iron manu- 
 facture. 
 
 The Company is, next to the Ten- 
 nessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company, 
 the largest and wealthiest in the South. 
 They own fifty thousand acres of coal 
 and iron lands in Alabama. In these 
 tracts of mineral lairds are some of the 
 best varieties of iron and coal known to 
 the State. The Company owns also 
 640 acres in town lots at Bessemer, 
 and has been and is still largely instru- 
 mental in building up that marvelous 
 little city. 
 
 AVhen all the various branches of the 
 Company's business are in operation, 
 they will emploj' 2,500 men, with a 
 monthly pay roll of $65,000. They have 
 coal and iron mines at Coalburg and 
 Irondale, where they mine their own 
 coal and make their own coke. Under 
 the present management the Company 
 has taken a new lease of life, and is but 
 on the thi-eshold of a great work for Ala- 
 
72 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 bama, for it must be conceded that such 
 a corporation is a primal factor in tlie 
 development of the State's great mineral 
 wealth. 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance. 
 
 JOHN G. SMITH &. CO., 2007 First 
 Avenue. — One of the most influential 
 business firms of Birmingham is that of 
 John G. Smith & Co., real estate and in- 
 surance agents, with office at No. 2007 
 First avenue. These gentlemen combine 
 two important branches of business nec- 
 essary to the growth of a city. The 
 firm, which is composed of Messrs. 
 John G. Smith and J. Smith Speed, 
 does an immense business, and with 
 their extensive experience and correct 
 and reliable methods make their services 
 of great value to those who place busi- 
 ness in their hands. 
 
 Mr. Smith is of Scotch descent, and is 
 a native of Georgetown, Georgia, being a 
 sou of the celebrated and widely known 
 physician. Dr. Wm. Tell Smith Mr. 
 Smith has the entire charge of the 
 insurance department, and Mr. Speed 
 has under his management and special 
 attention the real estate department of 
 the firm. 
 
 Mr. Speed is a native of Louisville, 
 Kentucky, where he was educated, and 
 was for some years engaged in Govern- 
 ment service, being connected with the 
 Postoflice Department. In both Louis- 
 ville and Birmingham he has been iden- 
 tified with all the public-spirited move- 
 ments. 
 
 They have on sale choice tracts of coal, 
 iron and timber lands. Likewise, desir- 
 able business property in Birmingham, 
 houses and vacant lots, tracts of lands 
 adjoining the city limits, and fertile 
 farms. They make a specialty of hand- 
 ling large bodies of land in syndicates, 
 in cooperative action or for joint stock 
 companies ; while, as insurance agents, 
 they represent some of the largest and 
 soundest companies in the United States. 
 They are agents for the North British 
 and Merchants, Liverpool and London 
 and Globe, Hamburg, Bremen, Commer- 
 cial Union and Factors' and Traders' In- 
 surance Companies ; the Fire Associati^ju 
 of Philadelphia, the Fidelity and (Jasualty 
 Company and others. They control tlie 
 insuring of large lines of city property 
 and are able and experienced under- 
 writers. Their premiums are as low as 
 the lowest and all losses are promptly 
 adjusted and paid. The rapid growth 
 of the firm's business is due to fair 
 
 and honorable dealings, thorough knowl- 
 edge of the market and values, and those 
 who are guided by Messrs. Smith A: Co.'s 
 sound judgment can rely upon securing; 
 l)roperties that must prove remunerative- 
 investments. 
 
 Berney National Bank. 
 
 Birmingham is especially favored iii 
 the management of her banks, for it is. 
 done upon conservative and intelligent, 
 methods, exercising a wholes(Mne influ- 
 ence upon all the business interests of 
 the city, infusing into them the spirit of 
 enterprise and strength, a fact which has 
 given the banks such high sranding; 
 among the influential instituiions of the 
 country. Indeed, it is to the reasonable,, 
 conservative, yet, withal, lil)eral policy 
 of tJie l)anks "here that the city of Bir- 
 mingham held her rei)utation and re- 
 markal)le prosperity in the past, and, 
 upon which she must rely for future suc- 
 cess. A notable instance of the foremost, 
 financial institutions of the State is af- 
 forded in the history and .standing of the 
 Bei-ney National Bank. It was estab- 
 lished in 1886, with a canital stock of 
 $100,000, increased to $300,000 in Janu- 
 ary, 1887, now has a surplus of $75,000,. 
 and enjoj'S to day a greater degree of; 
 prosperity than at any time in the past.. 
 The officers are William Berney, Pres- 
 ident; H. F. DeBardeleben, Vice Pres- 
 ident; J. B. Cobbs, Cashier, and W. P... 
 G. Harding, Assistant Cashier. The 
 Board of Directors comprise such men as. 
 H. F. DeBardeleben, T. H. Aldrich, I. Y.. 
 Sage, Robert Jemison, Charles Wheelock,^ 
 JNIorris Adler, L. D. Aylett, Joseph :Mc- 
 Lester and William Berney. A Board 
 comprising better, abler or more con- 
 servative men could not have been, 
 selected either in this or in any other- 
 communit)'. 
 
 The bank is located on First avenue,^ 
 between Nineteenth and Twentieth, 
 streets, in the banking center of the city. 
 The building occupied is a two-story- 
 brick structure, 272x67=} feet in dimen- 
 sions. The interior arrangement is neat,, 
 attractive, and all that could be desired.. 
 Mr. Berney, the President, is a man of" 
 solid worth, and stands high in finan- 
 cial circles as a wise and conservative: 
 manager. He was born and reared in 
 Montgomery, and is yet in the prime of 
 life. He served with distinction during; 
 the war between the States, and at its. 
 close began active business life. Wheik 
 Birmingham was first surveyed he came? 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 73 
 
 here as Freight Agent for the Louisville 
 & Nashville Railroad Company, and sub- 
 sequently held the position of book- 
 keeper in the old National Bank, and 
 still later was appointed Cashier, suc- 
 ceeding Charles Linn. As President he 
 resigned this position to accept the Pres- 
 idency of the bank which bears his 
 name. His life work has been a remark- 
 able one, and the success which he has 
 achieved has been the result of liis great 
 energy and superior ability 
 
 Mr. H. F. DeBardeleben, the Vice 
 President, was born in Autauga County, 
 Alabama. He is a man of sound judg- 
 ment, enterprising, cautious and con- 
 servative, and has proven himself an im- 
 
 portant factor in the success of the bank, 
 as well as of other enterprises in the 
 State. Elsewhere in this volume will be 
 found a more detailed sketch of Mr. 
 DeBardeleben's life. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Cobbs, the Cashier, is a son 
 of Chancellor Cobbs, and descends from 
 a family noted for its high character and 
 intellectual worth. He came to Birming- 
 liani in 1883 as bookkeeper in the 
 National Bank. We are safe in saying 
 that no young man in the city stands 
 higher in either social or business circles 
 than he. In a word, it can be stated 
 that the Berney Bank is a credit to its 
 management, an honor to the city, and yet 
 has a larger and wider field of usefulness. 
 
74 
 
 North Ai .mj.^ma. 
 
 First National Bunk of Birmingham, Ala- 
 bama. 
 
 The prosperity of banking concerns of 
 any city is indicative of an era of c(mu- 
 niercial progress. The city of Birining- 
 huiu should feel proud of her hanking 
 institutions, and among the largest and 
 most influential, not only here, but in 
 the State (tf Alabama, we mention that 
 of the First National The bank com- 
 menced business in LSS4. The l)uildfn» 
 occupied by this institution, on the cor- 
 ner of First avenue and Twentieth street, 
 is three stories, 50 by 100 in dimension. 
 The facade, built of pressed brick, with 
 heavy granite cappings, presents quitt' a 
 handsome appearance. The main busi- 
 ness aiiartmcnt is a model of (degance, 
 neatness and convenience. It is frescoecl 
 in the highest style of the art, and is 
 also embellished with handsome orna- 
 mental wood work. The floor is tiled, 
 and it would be diliicult to find a more 
 
 convenient or better furnished interior 
 in any linaiicial institution in the State. 
 In addition llure are all necessary pri- 
 v;ite otiices, cominittee rooms, etc. 
 
 The othcers are : W. J. Cameron, Pres- 
 ident ; John C Henley, Vice President; 
 E. \V. Linn, Cashier; T. D. Smith, 
 Assistant Cashier, and T. M Bra<lley, 
 First Assistant Cashier. The Directors 
 are: H. M Caldwell, T L. Iluggins, P. 
 H. l-:arl(>, \y. T. Underwood, T. T. Mill- 
 man, William A. Walker, Jr., John C. 
 Hi'uley, W. J ( ameron and E. W. Linn. 
 With such othcers and such a Board of 
 Directors, it is no wonder the institution 
 has made such a successful record. Its 
 executive is a guarantee also of future 
 prosperity. It is needless for us to say 
 ihe I'irst'Natio' al J^ank ranks wilh the 
 leading banking institutions of the 
 South, anil, jiroliably, excepting only the 
 Elyton l.antl Company, it atibrds the 
 most ri-markable instance of success in 
 Birniintiham. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 75 
 
 Capital, $250,000, and surplus, $125,000. 
 
 Mr. Cameron is a native of Montgomery, 
 and of Scotch-Irish descent, and is still a 
 young man. Before identifying himself 
 with his present work, he was connected 
 with the bank of Josiah Morris & Co , 
 at Montgomery. In 1880 he received the 
 position as Assistant Cashier of the Bank 
 of Birmingham, and occuined a similar 
 position in tlie First National Bank until 
 he was promoted to the Presidency. It 
 has been mainly due to his energy, fore- 
 thought and sagacity that the bank has 
 prospered . 
 
 Capt. John C. Henley, the Xice Presi- 
 dent, is also a native of Montgomery. 
 He is one of tlie organizers of the First 
 National, and to his excellent judgment 
 and vigilance much credit is due. 
 
 Mr. E. \V. Linn, Cashii-r, and son of 
 Charles Linn, is also a native of .AFont- 
 gomery, born in 1852. He was fi>r a num- 
 ber of years a drummer for a Cincinnati 
 house ; was Secretary and Treasurer of 
 the Linn Iron Works, and exchange 
 clerk and collector for the old National 
 Bank of Birmingham, He has shown 
 himself eminently adaptcl to his work, 
 and worthy entirely of the responsibility 
 of his position. 
 
 Mr. Thomas O. Smith, Assistant 
 Cashier, is a son of the distinguished I'r. 
 Jo.seph R. Smith, of Elyton. He has a 
 bright future, is a young man of ability, 
 energy and tact, and is proving a valua- 
 ble factor in the success of the institution. 
 
 The Bank employes over twenty men, 
 and the increasing demamls will necessi- 
 tate an increase in this force. The Bank 
 is committed to a wise and conservati'-e 
 policy, and is unquestionably among the 
 leading financial institutions of the 
 Southern States. 
 
 REAL ESTATE. STOCKS, BONDS AND BROKERAGE. 
 
 PINCKARD, DE BARDELEBEN & 
 CO. — This firm was organized on the 1st 
 of September, 1886, and lias since then 
 occupied roomy quarters on the tlrst fioor 
 of the Florence Hotel. .\s regards the 
 composition of the firm there can be no 
 question as it is exceed) ugly strong. It will 
 be difficult to find anywiiere a iiappier 
 combination of energy, enterprise and 
 experience allied to a jiractically unlim- 
 ited capital. Pinckard, De Bardelelien 
 & Co.'s operations have been conducted 
 on a conspicuously large scale, which has 
 placed them at the head and front of 
 their business in the ]\lagic City. 
 
 Mr. De Bardeleben is one of the busiest 
 
 men in America, and so numerous are 
 the calls upon his time that he wisely 
 leaves the entire conduct of the real 
 estate and brokerage busi ness in the hands 
 of his astute partner 
 
 Pinckard, De Bardeleben & Co. own 
 large and valua1)le real estate property of 
 every description in aid around Bir- 
 mingham, and intending investors will 
 do themselves an injustice if they fail to 
 inspect the bargains held here. The firm 
 are about to ei-ect on some of their lands 
 a number of houses, which they will sell 
 outriglit or rent on easy terms to would- 
 be settlers in this overcrowded city. 
 
 It is gratifying to find that the antici- 
 pations raised when Pinckard, De Barde- 
 leben & Co. commenced business have 
 been more than realized, while the con- 
 tinuance of their career of progress and 
 success is full of promise of future gain 
 to Birmingham. 
 
 Coal, Saw Mills, Etc. 
 
 S. T. BRITTLE.— Too much cannot 
 be said of the younger class of represen- 
 tative business' men of this city, for it is 
 to their energy, intelligence and liberal 
 spirit that Birmingham occupies her 
 present high degree of prosperity. _ 
 
 Perhaps no one man in the city of 
 Birmingham has done more toward 
 building up the city of magic growth 
 than Mr. S. T. Brittle, whose business 
 career here dates from 1877. Coming 
 here at that time, a stranger, he occupied 
 the comparatively humble position of 
 clerk, and, step by' step, won his way up — ■ 
 j.romotions accorded him from time to 
 time l)y reason of his exhibiting a fitness 
 for his work and superior business 
 capacity. He has witnessed the struggles 
 and triumphs of Birmingham with a 
 watchful eye and helping har«l, and at 
 all times has been found identified with 
 the best interests of the city. 
 
 In the eleven years of his residence in 
 this section he has made an enviable 
 record for himself, achieving a name and 
 a fortune of which few men can boast 
 and occupying to-day positions of great 
 responsibility. 
 
 He is secretary, treasurer and general 
 manager of the Henryellen Coal Com- 
 pany, at Henryellen, Ala., and also occu- 
 pies a similar position with the Pratt 
 Saw ^lill Company, at Verbena, Ala. 
 Mr. Brittle is a native of Athens, Ala., 
 and was formerly a druggist. He mar- 
 ried in the summer of 1880 the eldest 
 daughter of the Hon. H. F. DeBardeleben, 
 president of the Henryellen Coal Com- 
 
76 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 pany and also of the Pratt Saw Mill 
 Company. 
 
 It is not necessary to state that he fills 
 these offices with credit to himself and 
 .satisfaction to the companies named. 
 His success is a reward of merit, for he 
 has given evidence of high order of lousi- 
 ness ahiHty in the management of his 
 varied business interests. 
 
 Land Company. 
 
 THE GATE CITY LAND COMPANY. 
 
 — One of the most flourishing enter- 
 prises know^l to Birmingham is the Gate 
 City Land Company, organized in March, 
 1887. Ever since the organization this 
 company has prospered, owing to the 
 fine business abilities of its officers and 
 directors. 
 
 The comjoany own 700 acres of land 
 five miles from Birmingham. The prop- 
 erty is in every way most acceptable, for 
 no less than four of the most important 
 main trunk lines in the State run through 
 it, giving eight railroad outlets. Several 
 large industries have been originated by 
 this enterprising company, and are now 
 located on the property. Among these 
 are the rolling mills, glass works, the 
 Birmingham Mining and Manufacturing 
 Company (which pi-epares limestone for 
 furnaces, ballast, etc.), besides pottery 
 works and planing mills. The rolling 
 mills are to add sheet mills this sum- 
 mer, and several more large industries 
 are under contract for location at Gate 
 City. The main object of the company is 
 to develop their mineral lands and glass 
 works property and to furnish cheap and 
 economical homes for working u»en en- 
 gaged in different enterprises, which 
 they are in every way able and well pre- 
 pared to do. The working man will find 
 it much to his advantage to locate on the 
 property *of the Gate City Land Com- 
 pany ; first, because noichere in this 
 section can he live at so cheap a rate, 
 owing to the favorable offers made by 
 this company, and secondly, because it 
 is the healthifst location in this neighbor- 
 hood, owing largely to the fact that the 
 Unefit f ref stone water is evei-ywhere to be 
 found on the land. 
 
 Mr. Robert Warnock is President, a 
 gentleman well known for his push, en- 
 terprise and business ability. He has, 
 since he began business, made his career 
 in life a successful one, ever rising, grad- 
 ually but surely, from the lower round 
 of the ladder, until he has reached his 
 present prominent position, which he so 
 ably fills. 
 
 Mr. N. W. Smith, Jr., is Secretary and 
 
 Treasurer, and is an able and faithful 
 officer, and a man who enjoys the esteem 
 and confidence of all wlio know him. 
 
 The directors are Messrs. Fred Sloss, 
 Maclin Sloss, Robert Warnock, A. W. 
 Smith, E. G. Taylor and W. P. Hickman, 
 all well known to possess sterling busi- 
 ness qualities, as well as being enterpris- 
 ing and progressive men, well calculated, 
 indeed, to direct this representative cor- 
 poration, of which Birmingham may well 
 be proud. 
 
 The Builders' Supplies Company. 
 
 The extensive enterprise displayed by 
 those engaged in the lumber business in 
 this city gives every assurance of rapid 
 increase and development. Amongthe es- 
 tablishments which are eminently deserv- 
 ing of particular mention in a record of the 
 industries and commerce of the city, few 
 stand higher than the Builders' Supplies 
 Company. Their house was established 
 in 1887, and subsequent to that time has 
 enjoyed an extensive and liberal patron- 
 age. The premises occupied by the com- 
 pany are eligiby located on Twenty-third 
 street, between Alabama Great Southern 
 and Georgia Pacific Railroad tracks, and 
 consist of two large warehouses and an 
 elegantly fitted-up office. They have been 
 established since January, 1888, and have 
 two branch houses, one in Anniston,and 
 managed by Thos. S. Forbes, and the 
 other at East Lake. The immense stock 
 carried embraces a full line of building 
 materials and supplies of all kinds, 
 including fire brick, brick, sand, lime, 
 cement, doors, sash, blinds, mantels, 
 paints, glass, slate, stone tiling, lumber, 
 hair, plaster of paris, A. A. Tarred felt, 
 tarred felt, two and three-ply ready roof- 
 ing, Iniilding paper, roof coating, roof 
 paint, grates and a full line of l)uilders* 
 hardware, the Company being sole 
 agents for Choccolocco fine oil-pre.ssed, 
 plain and ornamental bricks, also for the 
 Mica Roofing Company, of New York, 
 and Westbrook's lime. They have .satis- 
 factory arrangements with the Cleveland 
 Stone Company and Zanesville Brick 
 Works, which enat)les them to place the 
 product of the above named works to 
 their customers much lower than they 
 can be purcha.sed elsewhere. The indi- 
 vidual members of this firm are Messrs. 
 J. T. Bradford, W. A. I\Iuri)hy and Deas 
 Murphy 
 
 Mr. Bradford is a native of Florida, 
 and has resided in this city nearly two 
 years. 
 
 Messrs. W^. A. and Deas Murphy are 
 from New York City, and have resided 
 
BiRMINXtHAM. 
 
 here over a year. These gentlemen 
 iire held in higli esteem by tl)e commn- 
 Tiity. The general characteristics of their 
 house for financial solvency, thorough 
 •conception of the business in which they 
 ^re engaged, together with a high stand- 
 •ard of personal and commercial honor, 
 would reflect credit upon any commu- 
 jnity. 
 
 Baxter Stove and Manufacturing Co. 
 
 There is no better place probably on 
 ♦the American continent for the location 
 • of a stove manufacturing company than 
 Birmingham. The reason of tliis is 
 •obvious. The close proximity to both 
 iron and coal makes any enterprise of 
 "this nature at once a sure success. The 
 proprietors of the Baxter Stove and Man- 
 
 5ufacturing Company, appreciating this 
 fact, removed to this city from Louis- 
 ville, Ky., succeeding the establishment 
 •of John G. Baxter. The plant was estab- 
 lished here in Noveml)er, 1S8(5, and is 
 nearly two years old. The i)usiness 
 •conducted is that of manufacturing heat- 
 ing and cooking stoves of all kinds, 
 ranges, mantel grates, stove and country 
 liollow ware, etc., etc. They use none 
 hut the best of iron, and are well 
 -equipped for conducting the business, 
 ^nd that on an extensive scale. They 
 •employ a large number of skilled work- 
 men, and their daily output is very 
 large. Their facilities for manufacturing 
 requires constant additi<ins and the 
 works are gradually extending, and are 
 probably the largest works of the kind 
 iSouth of the Ohio River. Their goods 
 -are equal to the best, and command a 
 ready sale in the markets throughout the 
 •entire country. 
 
 The President of the Com^jany is G C. 
 
 Kelley, a native of Wilmington, North 
 Carolina, where he was identified with 
 the hardware business with George A. 
 Peck. Subsequently lie was connected 
 with the Atlantic Coast Line, holding a 
 position in the Auditor's office. He has 
 i)een a resident of Birmingham six or 
 seven years, having been the head of a 
 large liardware house for that period. 
 He is identified largeh' with the mineral 
 interest of the State 
 
 W. H. Wooldridge, First Vice Presi- 
 dent, moved to this city from Louisville, 
 having been connected with the stove 
 works of that city, and while there was 
 President of the same. 
 
 W. D. Hill, Second Vice President, 
 also came from Louisville with the 
 Stove Works, which was then known as 
 the iiaxter Stove Foundrj'. 
 
 Mr. C. W. Sisson, Secretary and 
 Treasurer, also came from the Falls City 
 
 al)Out a year ngn. at tiir time tlie jjlant 
 was moveil here. \\- may nn'ntion, by 
 way of parenthesis, that ilessrs. AVoold- 
 
78 
 
 NOHTII AlABAiMA. 
 
 ridpo, Hill and Sisson,all marru'd daii^li- 
 torsol'Mr Baxtt-r, the late Prt'sidnit of 
 the Baxter Stove Foundry, of liouisville. 
 Till' (.'ompany (Miiployss one Imndred 
 and fifty hands, and transaets a lar<j;e 
 bnsiness. The seope of their trade is not 
 confined to the United States, but they 
 have shipi)ed their wares to Mexieo and 
 the Central American States. It is uni- 
 versally conceded that the Baxter Stove 
 and Manufacturing Company is one of 
 the most important mannfactiirinj: enter- 
 prises in the South, and as it is the pio- 
 neer in its spt'cial line, it is destined to 
 revolutionize manufacturinjj; here and 
 prove a revelation to the Southern 
 peoi^le. 
 
 Pig Iron. 
 
 MARY PRATT FURNACE COM- 
 PANY. — The furnace is the most import- 
 ant and valuable ajjency in the matter of 
 industrial development. From this parent 
 industry all others in this I'oal and iron 
 region spriiii^, and in a historical and 
 commercial review of this nature we ai-- 
 cord such enteri)rises liberal and promi- 
 nent mention by reasons iif tlu'ir prime 
 importance. 
 
 In the great march of growth and de- 
 velopment of Birmingham, it wouUl be 
 dirticult to single out a mort> potent fac- 
 tor than the ]Mary Bratt Furnace. Six 
 years ago (bSS'J) it was estal)lished. The 
 location is in the northeastern section of 
 the city, with connecting tracks to all 
 railroads here. There is one furnace and 
 three Whitewell stoves, and the output 
 is fifty tons daily. Fifty hands are em- 
 ployed. 
 
 The ]iresident is W. T. Underwt)od, 
 Esq. Mr. Ihiderwood is a 'Pennesseean, 
 but was educated in bouisville, Ky., 
 where he practiced law. He was at one 
 time president of the C-hamber of Com- 
 merce, this city. lie is a gentleman of 
 pleasing demeanor and recognized al)ility. 
 His wt'll-directed energii's have met with 
 full fruition, and he enjoys the confidence 
 and good will of all who know him. 
 
 ]\Ir. .1. H. Edwards, general manager, 
 is an Alabaniian, and was formerly en- 
 gaged in cotton manufacturing. Mr. Ed- 
 wards is a man of superior ability and 
 character and is highly esteemed. He 
 has been identitied with this company 
 since its organization an<l has made an 
 etlicient antl faithful otlieer 
 
 Thus constituted and operated and 
 managed the Mary Pratt Furnace Ctuu- 
 pany is a credit to .Tetlerson county, and 
 is doing a good wiirk in adding to her 
 wealth. 
 
 Alabama National Bank, 
 A true exponent of the thrift of any 
 connnunity is the success and degree of 
 l)rosperity of its banking institutions. A 
 conspicuous example in this instance is 
 that of the .\lal)ama National ])ank. This 
 bank was organized Noveml)er, ISStl, and 
 has a cash capital of half a million. The 
 otlicers are, .loseph F. .lohnston. Presi- 
 dent ; T. B. Bvons, Vice President; 
 Ceorge H. Waddell, Cashier; H. B. 
 Urquhart, A.ssistant Cashier. Tlie Direc- 
 tors are, Hon. A. O. Lane, Mayor of the 
 city, General E. \V. Rucker, Capitalist, 
 Judge T. U. Lyons, President of the Cen- 
 tral Trust Conipany ; Col. R. H. Pi-arson, 
 Attorney at Law ; Maj. John W. John- 
 ston, President of the (reorgia Pacific 
 Railroad ; Captain Joseph H. Johnston, 
 President, and B. F. Koden, President of 
 the Avondale Land Conipany. The 
 Board of Directors comprise the jinblic 
 spirited, jjiogressive and most influential 
 men of Birmingham, and is a guarantee, 
 not only of sound linancial condition, 
 l)ut at once commits the bank to a wise 
 and economic policy. They do a general 
 l)anking business, giving special atten- 
 tion to collections in all parts of the 
 United States. The bank building is 
 located on the corner of First avenue 
 and Twentieth street. It is among the 
 handsomest and most showy structures, 
 in the city ; is three stories in height and 
 74 by lL'5 feet in dimensions. The 
 interior of the building is a model of 
 beauty. The walls and ceilings are 
 tinished in handsome wood work, carved 
 and beautifully polished, which presents 
 an appearance as striking as it is 
 unusual. The bank is supplied with 
 every convenience and modern improve- 
 ment. The floor is of tiling, and the 
 windows are made of handsome stained 
 glass. Since its organization it has 
 steadily grown in public favor, and is to- 
 day one among the most popular institu- 
 tions of the city. It is j)roper for us to 
 say, just herctiiat the Alabama National 
 was originally chartered as a State Bank 
 in ISSo, and at that time was organized 
 with a capital of Sl'OO.OUO. In ISSti, how- 
 I'ver, it was changed to a National Bank, 
 Surplus and undivided profits foot up 
 S4.i,(H)0, while the deposits aggregate 
 something over $riOO,000, facts which 
 speaks volumes for the management. 
 Parties at a distance can not do better- 
 than to place their collections and busi- 
 ness with this institution. They deal in 
 foreign anil domestic exchange, tJovern- 
 ment and domestic securities, and. 
 all business incident to general bankings 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 79 
 
 Capt. Joseph F. Johnston, the Presi- 
 dent, is well known thoui.'hout this State 
 for his financial ability, enterprise and 
 publie spirit. He is a native of tiie Old 
 North State, and served throu<;h the war 
 with the rank of captain. At the close 
 of hostilities he cast his fortnne with the 
 people of Alabama, movin<r to Selnia. In 
 the days of reconstruction he was a 
 prominent factor in the redemption of 
 the State from the hands of the corrup- 
 tionists, renderinjj; vahiable assistance to 
 the Democratic ])arty. He is universally 
 regarded as one of Birniin<.diain's ablest 
 and shrewdest business men, enjoving 
 the esteem and confidence of the entire 
 community. 
 
 Judge Lyons, the Vice President, is a 
 prominent man and an able lawyer. He, 
 too, like his distinguished associate, 
 served in the army of the Confederate 
 States from the lirst call to arms until 
 the surrenderat Ap])oiiiatt()X. He served 
 with credit to liimself and honor to his 
 native State— Louisiana. He was a mem- 
 ber of the convention oi ]87i), that made 
 the present constitution of Louisiana, 
 came to Birmingham three years ago and 
 at once became identified w'ith the citv's 
 largest anil most important interests, and 
 
 lias proven a valuable and progressive 
 citizen. 
 
 (ieo. H. Waddell, the Cashier, has 
 been a resident here scarcely two years, 
 coming here from Columbus, Ga., yet in 
 that time he has made many friends, and 
 has sliown himself a valualjle acquisition 
 to the business men of P>lrmingham. He 
 thoroughly understands all the details of 
 banking, and is undoubtedly the right 
 man in the right place. 
 
 Mill, Mining and Furnace Supplies. 
 
 iMILNER & KETTIG -The rapid de- 
 velopment of the mineral wealth of this 
 section of Alabama has created an enor- 
 mous demand for mill, mining and fur- 
 nace supplies, and the outgrowth of this 
 demand has been the establishment of 
 some business houses of an exclusive 
 nature and considerable magnitude. 
 Foremost of this class of merchants is 
 the firm of Milner & Kettig. This house 
 was established more than ten years ago 
 and has enjoyed an unsusual clegree of 
 prosperity. The demands of the busi- 
 ness require two stores. The main store 
 is located on Twentieth street and Powell 
 avenue. It contains a total floor space 
 
80 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 of over 2,000 square feet. Conveniently 
 located on the Belt Railroad, they have 
 a large warehouse 200x150, in which they 
 unload all their very heavy goods, there- 
 by saving the drayage and double hand- 
 ling. The total area occupied l)y this 
 firm is over one acre, and all of this space 
 is tilled up with a stock, large and com- 
 prehensive, eni])racing in part mill and 
 mining supplies, wrought iron pipe and 
 fittings, pumps, phunbing supplies, rub- 
 ber and leather belting, rubber hose and 
 packing, etc., etc. Everytliing needed 
 by the mining operator to develop and 
 open his mines can be foun<i here at 
 prices that defy competition. It is here 
 also that the furnaces, mills, factories, 
 etc., can find all the supplies necessary 
 to carry on their business. This firm is 
 also largely engaged in the ]")lumbing, 
 gas and steam fitting business, employ- 
 ing the best talent obtainable for this 
 department and doing all work on a 
 scientific plan, using the best sanitary 
 appliances. The people of Birmingham 
 have not been slow in attesting their ap- 
 preciation, which can be seen by the im- 
 mense amount of work and contracts 
 they constantly have on hand. Major 
 W. J. Milner, the senior partner, is a 
 native of this State, and for many wars 
 has been identified with various interests 
 in this city. He is secretary and treas- 
 urer of the Ellyton Land Company, and 
 has been in this position ever since the 
 founding of this wealthy corporation. 
 He is a man of tine intelligence, untiring 
 energy and superior ability, and is so 
 well known to the people of this State 
 that he needs no introduction. Mr. W. 
 H. Kettig, the junior partner and gen- 
 eral manager of the firm, is a native of 
 Louisville, Ky., where he received his 
 business ti'aining. He came to Birming- 
 ham some three years ago and entered 
 into Ids present business. To bis good 
 management, sound judgment and busi- 
 ness sagacity the immense success of the 
 firm is attributable. Mr. Kettig, like liis 
 partner, enjoys the esteem of all who 
 know him. 
 
 Having the interest of the city at heart 
 this house has several times been instru- 
 mental in starting young merchants and 
 manufacturers into business by giving 
 them substantial aid. Broad and liberal 
 in their views, and by indomitable energy 
 they have succeeded" in l)uilding up the 
 largest trade in their line in the South. 
 Their trade extends from the Tennessee 
 to the (lulf and from the Carolinas far 
 into the West. 
 
 Birmingham's Music Trade. 
 
 JESSE FRENCH RIANO cV ORGAN 
 CO. — There is perhaps no line of trade in 
 all this great and growing city which 
 marks the growth, enterpi'ise and pros- 
 perity of Birminuham as does the music 
 trade". 
 
 Realizing that Birmingham was de- 
 stined to become a city second to none 
 in the South, The Jesse French Piano 
 and Organ Company, with a paid-up cap- 
 ital of half a million dollars, commenced 
 early in the fall of 1877, making arrange- 
 ments to enter the city. I)fcend)er 1 
 they succeeded the well known house of 
 Gilbert (Jarter by .purchasing, for cash, 
 his entire stock of pianos and organs 
 and stock of notes due from customers, 
 thus getting possession at once of a well- 
 established business. 
 
 Ml-. Carter, the former proprietor, ha.s 
 been secured as business manager, and 
 with a bookkeeper, tuner and repairer, 
 and a large. corps of salesmen, he is hold- 
 ing forth at the old stand, 215 N. Twenty- 
 first street. 
 
 The Jesse French Piano and Organ 
 Company consists of the music bouses of 
 Jesse French, Nashville, Tenn., O. K. 
 Houck & Company, Memphis, Tenn., 
 and the Field-French Piano.Company, of 
 St. Louis, Mo., consolidated and formed 
 into a stock company with Jesse French 
 as President. 
 
 Besides the four houses mentioned, 
 this Company have established agencies 
 at Little Rock, Ark., Chattanooga, Tenn., 
 Urlando, Fla., and many other cities and 
 towns in the South and West, but it is 
 our object in this writing to speak only 
 of the Birmingham Itranch. 
 
 Of the many reliable business men of 
 Alabama .there are none who holds a 
 higher place in the esteem of the general 
 public than that enterprising, Christian 
 gentleman, (iilbcrt Carter, business man- 
 ager of the Birmingham house. He com- 
 menced business here less than five 
 years ago without capital or experience, 
 but liis close aj)plication to busiiu'ss and 
 his strict habits of honesty and integrity 
 have won for him a i)lace in the hearts of 
 all those who have the gtxjd fortune to 
 know him and a V)usiness rei>utation of 
 which many much older than himself 
 would be glad to boast. Having estab- 
 lished a large and successful business, 
 with the odds against him, and by strict 
 integrity won the confidence of the pub- 
 lic, he is eminently fitted for the resi)on- 
 sibilities of the position in which he has 
 been placed. Mr. B. F. Newell, the 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 81 
 
 pleasant and affable bookkeeper, is a stu- 
 dent of Moore's Southern Business Uni- 
 versity, and for the last few years has 
 been employed in the nuisic house as 
 bookkeeper, and is well posted in regard 
 to his duties, 
 
 Mr. Frank F. Turner, tuner and re- 
 pairer, is a graduate of the tuning school 
 in the Conservatory of Music at Boston, 
 and comes direct from Boston to accept 
 his position with this company. 
 
 The corps of salesmwi are all young 
 and energetic men, and are placing their 
 goods all along the many lines of rail- 
 roads leaving the citj\ Mr. Carter's ter- 
 ritory consists of Alabama and a portion 
 of Georgia and Mississippi, and he is de- 
 termined to put their pianos and organs 
 in every town and village in the terri- 
 tory. 
 
 i^esides their own make of goods, they 
 sell all the leading instruments, both 
 pianos and organs. Among them the 
 Buhr Bros., Hardman, Schubert and New 
 England pianos, and A. B. Chase, Chi- 
 cago Cottage organs. They sell either for 
 cash or on easy payments, and no one 
 need be without music in their home. If 
 they don't care to purchase an instru- 
 ment at once, they can rent one and then 
 let the rent apply to purchase. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 PERRY-MASON SHOE CO., First 
 Avenue, between Twentieth and Twenty- 
 first streets. — lu compiling the industries 
 of Birmingham, there are certain con- 
 trolling staples which exercise a vital in- 
 fluence upon her reputation and trade, 
 and hardly anyone occupies this position 
 more prominently than the boot and 
 shoe trade. No better inducements to 
 the enterprising business man for the in- 
 vestment of capital offers, while there is 
 no branch where popular talents con- 
 tribute more largely to success than in 
 this line of mercantile pursuit, where 
 patronage depends s@ much upon public 
 favor. Among the establishments of Bir- 
 mingham that have evinced the posses- 
 sion ©f these qualities in a marked degree 
 none stand higher than the well-known 
 firm of The Perry-Mason Shoe Com- 
 pany. This house, which does an 
 exclusive wholesale trade in boots and 
 8ht)e8, was established in 1887. The 
 store, built of brick and most con- 
 veniently located in tlie beautiful Mc- 
 Adory building, on First avenue, between 
 Twentieth and Twenty-first .streets, which 
 is one of the largest and best appointed 
 stores in Birmingham, comprising four 
 
 stories, each 30x1722 feet in dimensions. 
 This is the largest house of the kind 
 in Northern Alabama, and its trade 
 extends throughout tins and all iAie 
 neighboring States, and the energy and 
 foresight of the firm will soon cause it to 
 extend through the entire Southwest. 
 Their goods are known everywhere as 
 the best, and command the confidence of 
 their numerous customers. The firm does , 
 an immense business, their sales for the 
 past year far exceeding all expectations. 
 They have prepared to double this year 
 the amount of business transacted "last 
 year. 
 
 The members of the firm are Messrs. 
 W. Mason, H. VV. Perry and VV. P. Crad- 
 dock. 
 
 Mr. W. Mason, a native of Limestone 
 County, Alabama, traveled five years for 
 Richards, Ma.son & Co., of Nashville, 
 and a time for their successors, Rich- 
 ards Bros. & Co., represeiitii)^ these 
 houses in this section. 
 
 Mr. H. W. Perry, a native of Marion, 
 Alabama, belongs to the well-known 
 wholesale tobacco and cigar house of 
 H. W. Perry & Co., this^ city, having 
 been four years in this business in Bir- 
 mingham. 
 
 Mr. W. P. Craddock is a native of Col- 
 umbus, Mississippi, and before uniting 
 with the firm was traveling salesman for 
 H. P. Perry & Co., of this city. He is 
 quite a young man and brings enlarged 
 experience to the business. 
 
 With ample capital, buying direct from 
 the most celebrated factories and haying 
 a long and varied experience in their 
 liuse, they are enablnd to override all op- 
 position and to sell in direct competition 
 with the Northern houses. Their widely 
 established reputation as one of the most 
 reliable houses in Alabama gives them a 
 prestige which few others can boast. 
 Thffse gentlemen stand high in the com- 
 munity in everyway, and the reputation 
 which, individually and as a firm, they 
 hav^e built up, is •wing solely to their 
 own ettbrts. Offering, as they do, in- 
 ducements which few firms can du2:)li- 
 cate, dealers throughout tlie South can 
 find no more relible or trustworthy firm 
 with which to correspond. 
 
 Draper and Tailor. 
 
 E. M. COSTELLO, 107 Nineteenth 
 street.— The business of merchant tailor- 
 ing may be regarded as one of the great- 
 est importance to the community. As 
 one of the houses in this line of business 
 which is most popular, that of Mr. Fl M. 
 
;82 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 'Costello, at 107 Nineteenth street, has at- 
 tained an enviable reputation. He occu- 
 pies a liandsome two-story brick build- 
 ing, 30x35 feet. The store is elegantly 
 arranged for the di.splay of a very large 
 ;stock of cloths, cassimeres, broadcloths, 
 suitings, etc. All the novelties of the 
 :season are displayed here, and the latest 
 .styles are also found in his establish- 
 'ment. Orders from a distance receive 
 proraj)t attention. 
 
 He employs a force of competent and 
 proficient tailors, and as he himself is a 
 practical and experienced cutter and 
 draper, all goods pass the most critical 
 examination before being allovi'ed to 
 leave the store. 
 
 His industry and energy have served 
 him well, for he has made his house 
 the largest and best of the kind in this 
 city. 
 
 Mr. Costello was born in Ireland, and 
 was engaged in this line of business for 
 many years in Cincinnati. He is widely 
 and popularly known in business circles, 
 and lias long been considered as a lead- 
 ing and deservedly successful merchant. 
 
 The Moore and Hundley Hardware Com- 
 pany. 
 
 It may not be generally known that 
 Birmingham has the largest ami most 
 complete hardware jobbing house in the 
 South — the establishment of the Moore 
 & Handley Hardware Company. This 
 fact goes without saying. 
 
 The firm was established in 1882, and 
 from a modest beginning has develoi)ed 
 into the present immense business. The 
 premises occupied are located on Powell 
 Avenue, between Twentieth and Twen- 
 ty-first streets. The building is a hand- 
 some three-story brick and stone struct- 
 ure, 100x125 feet in dimension. Its 
 interior arrangement is a model of sys- 
 tem, and a fine examjjle of the adapta- 
 tion of means to end. It was planned 
 and constructed by the jiroprietors with 
 an eye to best subserve the puri:ioses of 
 facilitating the handling of hardware, and 
 in accomplishing this they have spared 
 neither pains nor expense in supplying 
 the building with every adjunct and con- 
 venience known to similar establish- 
 ments East. The entire building is filled 
 to repletion with a stock embracing 
 everything in the line of light and heavy 
 hardware. Some idea of the magnitude 
 of the stock can be obtained when we 
 state that the floorage comprises 37,500 
 square feet, or, with shelving, 1} acres of 
 hardware. This mammoth establishment 
 
 is ecjual to twelve ordinary stores. A 
 consulerable expense is saved in the 
 receiving and shipment of goods, as the 
 store extends to the Louisville &. Nash- 
 ville and Alabama Great Southern Rail- 
 roads, thus avoiding the necessity of 
 rehandling, and the saving is given to 
 customers in the shape of reduced prices. 
 This convenience in handling goods also 
 enables them to fill all oi'dei's promptly 
 and with dispatch. 
 
 The Moore & Handley Company are 
 manufacturers' agents for Fairbanks 
 Scales, Atlas Dynamite, Diamond Coke 
 Forks, Page's Leather Belting, Revere 
 Rubber Belting, Black Diamond Steel, 
 Rockling's Wire Rope, Tanite Emery 
 Wheels, Rand Drills and Burden's Shoes 
 and Rivets. They are also agents for 
 Erie City Iron Works Engines and 
 Boilers, and deal in everv style and 
 variety of machinery, embracing gins, 
 presses, saw mills, grist mills, seed mills, 
 saws, pulleys, shaftings, etc., etc. In 
 shelf and heavy hardware may be found 
 nails, bolts, rivets, railroad spikes, nuts, 
 washers, horse shoes, anvils, bellows, 
 vises, forges, axes, hammers, hatchets, 
 saws, wheels, tools, ropes and handles of 
 all kinds, well buckets, barbed wire, 
 locks, hinges, butts, screws, hubs, rims, 
 spokes, shafts, axles, springs, table and 
 pocket cutlery, picks, shovels, wheelbar- 
 rows, dumpcarts, lace leather, valve and 
 harness leather, babbit metal, packing, 
 and numerous other articles usually 
 found in a hardw'are jobbing house. In 
 addition, a full stock of railway, mining 
 and furnace supplies is kept constantly 
 on hand. 
 
 In prices the INIoore & Handley Hard- 
 ware Co. sell as low as the lowest, and 
 no similar establishment in the United 
 States can undersell them. Customers 
 will find their price lists as low as those 
 of New York or Pittsburg. They buy 
 direct from manufacturers, and, being 
 possessed of ample capital, they save the 
 discount on all bills. The scope of their 
 trade is wide, extending through the 
 South and AVest, and rapidly increasing. 
 
 On the first floor of their spacious 
 building is the elegant office, constructed 
 of polished and beautifully carved cherry 
 wood, i)late glass and brass railings. It 
 is seventy-five feet in length, and most 
 tastefully fitted up, and is supplied with 
 every convenience for office work. Here 
 may be found a room specially set apart 
 for customers, and where all are wel- 
 comed and made comfortable. 
 
 A word or two regarding the indi- 
 vidual members of this immense enter- 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 83 
 
 ."^ ;:.., r, ,A SSi A\ 
 
 't r- 
 
84 
 
 North Alabama, 
 
 prise may not prove uninteresting to our 
 readers. 
 
 ]\Iessrs. J. D. and B. F. Moore are 
 natives of Carroll Count}', Georgia, hav- 
 ing moved from their native State only a 
 few years ago. Tlu'V have grown u]) and 
 become business men since the war, and 
 hence belong to the younger and new 
 class of iSouthern merchants. They are 
 the best representatives of the better and 
 more thrifty class of Souther«ers, who, 
 eschewing politics, have assiduously set 
 about retrieving the lost fortunes of their 
 fathers. How well they have succeeded 
 has already been told in this article, a 
 success which has been the outcome of 
 energy and business ability. 
 
 ]\Ir. W. A. Handley is also a native of 
 Georgia, Heard county, but has lived 
 many years in this State. He is also 
 identified with the firm of Handley. Sul- 
 livan ct Handley, and is a man known far 
 and near for his prudence and business 
 sagacitv. 
 
 . Real Estate. 
 
 JOHN T. DAVY, 2007 First avenue.— 
 This enterprising real estate business was 
 established by Mr. John T. Davy less 
 than two years ago. His othce is most 
 eligibly located, at 2007 First avenue, in 
 the heart of the business center. Mr. 
 Davy has for sale the finest classes of all 
 kinds of city property, large tracts of 
 coal, iron and timber lands, and farms 
 from five to 500 acres. He is also Secre- 
 tary and Business Manager of the Lin- 
 wood Improvement Company, and will 
 give free valuable sites for manufactur- 
 ing enterprises. 
 
 Parties desiring to locate in Alabama 
 should in advance corresi)ond with Mr. 
 Davy. This gentleman has extensive 
 dairy and truck farms near the city for 
 sale. He is from Yazoo County, Missis- 
 sippi, and is most highly respected and 
 esteemed in local trade circles. Those 
 desiring to effect the sale, purchase or 
 transfer of real estate, will find that by 
 consulting ^Ir. Davy, transactions can be 
 made promptly and profitably. Since 
 his establishment he has enabled those 
 seeking investment in this State readily 
 to find what they wanted, and those 
 who have had land to sell have always 
 easily obtained purchiisers through his 
 agency. 
 
 Mr. Davy is one of the best known and 
 most highlj' esteemed business men of 
 the ('ity, and has met with such success 
 as only upright dealings can attain. 
 
 Wholesale Hardware. 
 
 FRANCIS & CHENOWETH, Twen- 
 tieth street and Powell avenue. — In 
 every city there are certain firmly es- 
 tablished business houses, which, by 
 reason of their extended and growing 
 reputations, the superior quality of their 
 goods, and the high social and business 
 standing of their members, overshadow 
 all others. In Birmingham such a posi- 
 tion the house of Francis & Chenoweth 
 occupies. This house, established in 1886, 
 and succeeding that of Thompson, 
 Francis & Chenoweth, does an immense 
 wholesale hardware business. 
 
 The premises are most centrally and 
 conveniently located for the carrying on 
 of their business, being situated near the 
 Union Kail way Depot, on corner of" 
 Twentieth street and Powell avenue. 
 The dimensions of the building are oOx 
 150 feet. It is built of bvick, and has 
 four stories and a basement. Everj^ facil- 
 ity is provided to make the establish- 
 ment the best of its kind in every way.. 
 The entire four floors are packed with 
 the best selected stock of American and 
 foreign hardware to be found in the 
 South. The house handles heavy hard- 
 ware, tools, iron, steel, builders', mechan- 
 ics' and manufacturers' supplies, farm 
 implements, handles of all kinds and 
 cutlery. A specialty is made of sash, 
 doors, blinds, plaster, cement and hair. 
 This house does a magnificent business- 
 throughout Alabama and the entire 
 South. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Francis, a native of Ken- 
 tucky, was formerly in the merchandise 
 business. Mr. W. A. Chenoweth, also a. 
 native of Kentucky, has always been 
 in the liardware trade. These gentle- 
 men are not only courteous and affable 
 to all, but are, as well, sound established 
 merchants. They are among the lead- 
 ing firms of the South, and one with 
 which corresi>ondence will most surely 
 result to the advantage of those who 
 wish the best and most reliable goods in 
 their line. 
 
 Contractor and Builder. 
 
 &. JOHNSON, Room No. 22, Office 
 Building. — One of the leading contractors 
 and builders lately established in the city 
 of Birmingham is j\Ir. C. Johnson, at 
 room No. 22, Office Building, on First 
 avenue. Mr. Johnson established him- 
 self in this city in 1887, and his busi- 
 ness in contracting luxd building has 
 been immense from the first day. He 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 85 
 
 early learned his business, and soon be- 
 came an expert at his trade, having l)een 
 in the building busiiu'ss the greater por- 
 tion of his life. There is nothing in the 
 way of contraeting or building that Mr. 
 Johnson does not attend to with [)ronipt- 
 itude, his work always being done in the 
 best manner and at most reasonable 
 prices. By his superior work and popu- 
 lar methods he has reared an enteri)rise 
 whieh entitles him to the distinction of a 
 representative business man in his de- 
 partment of industry. 
 
 Fine Groceries. 
 
 TITCHE, Twenty-sec.jnd street, be- 
 tween Second and Third avenues. It is 
 seldom that a mercantile house, seem- 
 ingly yet in its infancy, may be truly 
 said' to stand yn-s< in the front rank and 
 file. 
 
 INIessrs. Titche Bros., however, are 
 justly entitled to this position, and we 
 cheerfully accord them first place in this 
 respect. 
 
 Devoted to the business of fine grocer- 
 ies, they are located in a handsome 
 three-story brick building oOxlOO feet, at 
 No. 213 Twenty-second street, between 
 Second and Third avenues. 
 
 At a glance the visitor is struck by the 
 attractive manner in which everything is 
 arranged, displaying at the same time 
 matchless taste and judgment in the 
 selection of their large stot'k. 
 
 No little credit is due these gentlemen 
 for the push and energy that have char- 
 acterized their successful efforts in the 
 conduct of their business. They suc- 
 ceeded Mr. N. F. Miles on INIarch 3, 1887, 
 and since have met with eminent success. 
 Catering to the wants of the first people 
 of the city, their trade is constiintly 
 increasing. 
 
 The firm is composed of Henry H. and 
 Edward Titche, both formerly of Lou- 
 isiana. They are gentlemen of the highest 
 character, while their practical knowl- 
 edge for properly conducting their busi- 
 ness is unsurpassed. 
 
 Their well-merited success and fame 
 as the leading /JHf gwcers of Birmingham 
 have been attained l»y close devotion to 
 business, and attending to the wants of 
 their patrons. 
 
 East Birmingham Land Co. 
 
 The very large enterprise represented 
 by the East Birmingham Land Company, 
 established December 2, 188G, ranks 
 among the leading land companies of Bir- 
 
 7 
 
 mingham. Tliis company owns 708 acres 
 of splendidly located land, which is but 
 an extension of Birnungham proper, as 
 all the avenues in the city extend in 
 straight lines through this property. It 
 cannot be called a suburban place for 
 this reason. No otlier lani company 
 here has property sinularly located. This 
 land is divided Uj) and sohl for building 
 purpos(\s, and wiiicli, day by day, under 
 the ])ressure of improvements and the 
 extraordinary growth of iiojiulation on 
 the East Birndngham side of the com- 
 munity, is rapidly increasing in value. 
 This company owns the Union Railway 
 Station and the East Birmingham Steam 
 Motor Line and the East Birmingham 
 L^nion Belt Line, and, therefore, having 
 every convenient-e in the way of rail- 
 roads to connect Kant Birmingham with 
 Birmingham 2)roper, ofi'ers to the jsublic 
 as convenient a tract of land in every 
 way for building purposes as any in the 
 market. On the t'ompany's property 
 plants of several large industries are in 
 opi'ration,viz: The Birmingham INIachine 
 and Foundrv Companv's Works, with a 
 ca[)ital of $100,000, which is the largest 
 plant of its kind in the South ; East Bir- 
 mingham Iron Roofing and Corrugating 
 Company, cash capital f 2-3,000 ; the East 
 Birnnngiiam Architectural Iron Works, 
 cash capital $100,000; the Ea.st Birming- 
 ham Sad Iron AVorks, cash capital $25,000, 
 and the Birmingham Mineral Paint Com- 
 pany. 
 
 The company is establishing a 100-ton 
 iron furnace, cash ca^iital $500,0(X) ; also 
 a large rolling mill, plate mill, chain 
 works and fire l)rick works. 
 
 The Anglo-Birnungham Pottery Com- 
 pany, capital $350,000, is to establish its 
 plant on the East Birmingham territory. 
 
 Mr. George C. Kelley, the president of 
 the company, is a native of Wilmington, 
 North Carolina. This gentleman is as 
 well known to the public as any man in 
 Birmingham, having been in the city 
 from its earliest days and for years in the 
 wholesale hardware business. He is 
 president of the celebrated Baxter Stove 
 Works, vice president of the American 
 National Bank, president of the P]ast Bir- 
 mingham Iron Roofing and Corrugating 
 Company, president of the Anglo-Bir- 
 mingham Pottery Company, and presi- 
 dent of the East Birmingham Sad Iron 
 Works. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Cameron, treasurer of the 
 company, is a native of Montgomery. He 
 is president of the First National Bank, 
 and is connected with many of the 
 finest industrial works in Birmingham. 
 
NOKTII Al,\HAMA. 
 
 He is a man uuu'h resj>ected for the 
 excellent character he bears and for his 
 splendid business capacity and knowledge 
 of finance. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Heineke, a native of Han- 
 over, is the affable secretary of the com- 
 pany. He is a Free Mason, and for many 
 years has been District Deputy Grand 
 Chancellor for the Knights of Pythias. 
 He is, too, secretary and treasurer of the 
 endowment rank of the same order, and 
 withal an excellent gentleman. 
 
 Sash, Doors and Furniture. 
 
 W. P. BREWER, manufacturer of 
 and dealer in Sash, Di^ors, Blinds and 
 Furniture, corner First avenue and Six- 
 teenth street. This well-known house 
 supplies the wants of the builders and 
 <!ontractors of this city, liesidcs shipping 
 liberally to the trade throughout the 
 State. 
 
 Mr. W. P. Brewei' has long been be- 
 fore the public in tiiis line, having been 
 established in Birmingham since 1875. 
 Manufacturing all his own stock he is well 
 equipped to conduct the business suc- 
 cessfully. His premises are well arranged 
 for the economical and successful con- 
 duct of his business, on the corner of 
 First avenue and Sixteenth street. The 
 size of the main factorv is 50x140 feet, 
 while the plant is 200x140 feet. Sixty- 
 three hands are employed. In sash, 
 doors, blinds and sunplies generally he 
 offers unusual facilities to the trade". 
 
 Sawing all his own lumber, as he does, 
 and manufacturing everything from the 
 
 stump, and having a very large stock to 
 select from, he is enabled to deal gen- 
 erously with his patrons, who in return 
 are giving him an inert asing yearly 
 trade. There are sixty-three machines 
 used on the premises, all of Fay's, 
 Smith's and other most approved makes, 
 and the output per annum is not less 
 than $75,000. 
 
 All the goods manufactured here are 
 made under the })ersonal supervision of 
 Mr. Brewer, which enables him to guar- 
 antee (paality and durability. He is pre- 
 j)ared to execute on short notice work of 
 any size or style, made of white pine from 
 the forests of J^Iichigan and Wisconsin, 
 or from Alabama yellow pine, which, 
 I doubtless, for durability surpasses any 
 I other wood known to the trade. He 
 keeps a fine selected stock of best pat- 
 i terns of moldings on hand, and having 
 scroll and band saws he can cut from 
 the finest fret work uji to the largest and 
 heaviest timl)er used. He has 1,000 pat- 
 terns of scroll work to select from. Every 
 kind of turning I\Ir. Brewer does in 
 newel post, stair and veranda balusters. 
 For window and door frames Mr. Brewer 
 lias a special machine. This enterprising 
 gentleman does a large wholesale and 
 retail furniture business, having both 
 common and fine grades. 
 
 He has the largest and best factory in 
 the State, with machinery and ample 
 capital to do all of the above work. 
 Among other tlnngs Mr. Brewer supplies 
 or makes rough and dressed lumber, 
 laths, shingles, weatherboarding, mold- 
 ing, balusters, brackets, mantels, window 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 87 
 
 and door frames, and all kinds of build- 
 ing material, parlor and bedroom isuits, 
 chairs, tables, l)ureaus, washstands, bed- 
 sj^rings, matting, wardrobes, safes, mat- 
 tresses, bookcases, Iiatraeks, office desks, 
 stools, divans, whatnots and sideboards, 
 Mr. Brewer is a native of South Caro- 
 lina. He has given twenty-five solid 
 years of his life to actual experience and 
 hard study of his present business. In 
 ■conclusion, we can but recommend the 
 readers of the business history of Bir- 
 mingham to him when they want 
 pleasant business relations and goods at 
 manufacturers' prices that bear the 
 representation made. Mr. Brewer is an 
 old citizen, and enjoys the public con- 
 fidence, as is represented by the liberal 
 patronage which he receives. 
 
 East Birmingham Sad Iron and Manufac- 
 turing Co. 
 
 A most important industry and a po- 
 tent factor in the growth and prosperity 
 of this city is the Sad Iron and Manufac- 
 turing Company, located in East Bir- 
 mingham. This enterprise was inaugu- 
 rated in 1887, with capital stock paid up 
 of $25,000, but did not begin operations 
 until the present year. 
 
 The plant is an e.xl'usive one, and the 
 only one of the kind in the South. 
 
 Fiftv men are employeti, the majority 
 of whom are employed in this special line 
 of work. The Iniildiugs are supplied 
 with the best and latest improved patent 
 machiuery, and the product is equal to 
 the best establishments North. The 
 • company make a specialty of chilled sad 
 irons (flat or smoothing irons) and sash 
 •weights. They supply the trade through 
 the South and West, and are rapidly in- 
 troducing their goods into new territory, 
 the business growing from month to 
 month. 
 
 Mr. George C. Kelley is President and 
 'Treasurer. Mr. Kelley is a leading spirit 
 in Birmingham's growth and progress, 
 ■and is among the most energetic and able 
 "business men in the State. He is Presi- 
 'dent of the East Birmingham Land Com- 
 pany, Vice President of the American 
 National Bank, and director of several 
 ■other enterprises in and near this city. 
 
 The Vice President and General Man- 
 ager is Mr. George B. Bates. 
 
 Mr. Bates has had long experience as 
 •an iron manufacturer, and is a capable 
 ;and conservative officer. Pie is a native 
 •of Alabama, and has resided in Rome, 
 <jreorgia, and has been a resident of this 
 eity about six months. 
 
 East Birmingham Iron Roofing and Cor- 
 rugating Co. 
 
 The suburbs around this city are 
 rapidly growing, and several of them are 
 destined to become the sites of many 
 manufacturing enterprises. The leading 
 place just now seems to be East Birming- 
 ham, for it is the home of a number of 
 new manufacturing establishments, 
 among them being the Iron Roofing and 
 Corrugating Comi)any. This company 
 was established in ] 887, with the follow- 
 ing officers : George C. Kelley, President; 
 C. W. Sisson, General Manager and 
 Treasurer ; W. 1). Hill, Secretary. It 
 has a i^aid-up capital of $25,000. 
 
 The officers are gentlemen of •well- 
 known and high standing in manufac- 
 turing circles, and their management is a 
 sufficient guarantee of an excellent pro- 
 duct. 
 
 The Company's premises consist of 
 buildings, which are supjdied with the 
 requisite facilities for manufacturing the 
 celebrated iron roofing and corrugated 
 material for covering buildings. The 
 cheapness and durability of this roofing 
 is unquestioned, and it has rapidly gro-wn 
 in popularity, the sales extending through 
 this and adjacent States. Many build- 
 ings in this city are protected with the 
 iron roofing manufactured by this Com- 
 pany, and in cases of the longest use it 
 has given satisfaction to property owners. 
 
 Tlie works are now running to their 
 utmost capacity, and will soon have to be 
 enlarged. 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, Etc. 
 
 T. S. SMITH, Twentieth street, be- 
 tween First and Second avenues. — This 
 is one of the most popular and best 
 known retail and wholesale establish- 
 ments of the kind in Birmingham. The 
 general tasty arrangement of so many 
 classes and different grades of the same 
 kind of goods has given general satisfac- 
 tion to tlie buying public. Here you can 
 find dr}^ goods to suit the poor and rich, 
 goods of superior quality and cheap. 
 Finer grade and even the finest to suit 
 those whose fastidious taste demands the 
 best. Noticms of all kinds, furnishing 
 goods and fancy goods to suit the ladies, 
 including hosiery, corsets, buttons, fans, 
 umbrellas and parasols and all the re- 
 quirements of a first class dei^artment. 
 Clothing and hats have a special depart- 
 ment ; also caps, boots, shoes, hardware, 
 saddles, bridles, harness, groceries, flour 
 and feed, and everything one could wish, 
 for or desire. 
 
North Alabama. 
 
 Grate and Steam Coal. 
 
 MOSS & MOIISON.— The proximity of 
 tluscity to coal tifl<ls,tofj;ether with its easy 
 accessibility by rail, have made Birming- 
 ham a general distributing trade center 
 in this line. Messrs. jMoss & Mor- 
 son, successors of Leith, Miller & Mann, 
 do an immense retail as well as wholesale 
 business in grate and steam coal. These 
 enterprising gentlemen were estal)lishecl 
 February 4, 1888, from that date having 
 had a very good business. Besides deal- 
 ing in grate and steam coal, they are ex- 
 clusive agents for the celebrated Walker 
 County Splint and Semi-Cannel Coal. 
 The office and yard of this firm are most 
 conventiently located on Twenty-fourth 
 street and the Georgia Pacific Railroad. 
 This firm also supplies wood to parties 
 wishing it. All orders received at' this 
 house are filled with promptitude, and 
 coal and M'ood in any quantity are 
 promptly delivered. 
 
 J. B. Morson was born in Richmond, 
 Virginia. This gentleman was engaged 
 for some years in sugar plantations in 
 Louisiana, whence he came to Birming- 
 ham. 
 
 Mr. A. T. Moss is a native of Louis- 
 ville, Kentucky. 
 
 These gentlemen have built up a re- 
 markably good trade since their brief 
 estabhshment here in the coal trade. 
 They are always careful and attentive to 
 the interests of their business, added to 
 which they possess the always succc-ssful 
 characteristics of energy and persever- 
 ance. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 MOORE & AVEBB, Seventeenth street 
 and First avenue. — Among the leading 
 dealers in lumber in this city, there are 
 
 none who occupy a 
 more prominent 
 position than the 
 ]\Iessrs. jNloore & 
 Webb, the succes- 
 sors to ^Mr.Dawson. 
 They opened their 
 Ijusiness on JNL'irch 
 2(i, 1888, and are 
 located at Seven- 
 teenth street and 
 First avenue. 
 
 They deal in lum- 
 ber, rough or dress- 
 ed, f(ji' shingles, or 
 laths, mouldings, 
 fiuoring and weath- 
 ei'boarding. 
 
 There is a planing mill on the prem- 
 ises, which has every convenience for- 
 the successful management of the im- 
 mense business, which extends through- 
 out and outside the city. 
 
 At the mill P. E. Staples makes a 
 specialty of scroll work, and J. A. Ru- 
 dolph of woodturning. 
 
 Mr. Moore was born in Alabama, and 
 I\Ir. Webb in North Carolina. They are 
 men of con,siderable business ability,, 
 their success being due to those old and 
 standard principles of business honor, 
 which are sure to be crowned with suc- 
 cess. 
 
 West End Land and Improvement Com- 
 pany. 
 
 The importance of Birmingham as the 
 metropolis of the rich l)elt of the South 
 has created an active demand for real 
 estate, advantageously located in the city 
 and suburbs. One of the leading and 
 best established corporations in this con- 
 nection here is the West End Land and 
 Improvement Company, established in 
 1886. This Company owns 750 acres of 
 the choicest land to he had in this neigh- 
 borhood for building purposes. This 
 property the Company cuts up and sells 
 for lots, and being but two and a half 
 miles from Birmingham proper, a more 
 admirable location it would be impossi- 
 ble to find, especially as the corporation 
 has a direct street car line of their own 
 connecting their property with Birming- 
 ham. This Company, since its founda- 
 tion, has done a ilourishing business, 
 the reverse being almost impossible with 
 its present able officers and directors 
 (seven) at the head of aflairs. 
 
 Mr. R. H. Pearson, the President, is a 
 native of Bullock County, Alabama^ 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 89 
 
 "He is well known in the city and State as 
 :a most eminent lawyer as well as being 
 -connected in a prominent way with 
 many of the most nseful and successful 
 industries of Birmingham. 
 
 Mr. T. B. Lyons, Secretary and Treas- 
 Tirer, was horn in Louisiana. This gen- 
 tleman, too, is well known in this section 
 as Vice President of the Alabama 
 National Bank, and President of the 
 Central Trust Company of Alabama. 
 
 Those who wish to buy property in one 
 ■of the finest sul)url)s around Birming- 
 liam cannot do l>etter tlian seek the 
 sound judgment and judicious advice of 
 the above gentlemen, from whom they 
 -can rely vij^on securing property that 
 must inevitably rise in value and prove 
 xemunerative. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 YOUNG & GAGE, Avenue D and 
 Twentieth street. — The increase of the 
 grocerj^ trade of Birmingham has been 
 commensurate with that of her other in- 
 dustries, and there are within the city 
 limits firms whose stanching is as well 
 assured, and whose reputation is as ex- 
 tended, as any in the South. Among 
 these the well-known house of Young & 
 Gage occupies a high rank. 
 
 Founded in March, 1887, this establish- 
 ment, succeeding that of Whilden & 
 Campbell, has displayed as much vigor 
 and enterprise as any of its competitors. 
 The building occupied is spacious, being 
 •50x100 feet in dimensions, built of brick, 
 and three stories high, is well lighted and 
 fitted with all modern conveniences and 
 .appliances. The annual sales of this 
 .house amount to $150,000. 
 
 The line of groceries is as choice and 
 "varied as can be found elsewhere, emljrac- 
 ing, as it does, staple and fancy grocer- 
 ies, fine hams, potted and tinned meats, 
 biscuits, Gordon &. Dilworth's preserves 
 .and jellies, as well as a full line of Crosse 
 ■ & Blackwell's goods, and a full stock of 
 ■California pears and peaches during the 
 ^season ; Charles P. Mattox's Snowfiake 
 •Corn, besides others too numerous to 
 mention. The house makes a specialty 
 -of the finest teas and coffees. A Jap- 
 .anese manages the tea department, and 
 the house roasts its own coilee. Another 
 specialty of the house is the finest stock 
 of Havana cigars always on hand, which 
 they import direct. Tluir flour tliey get 
 :in wholesale quantities, by the carload. 
 Their scope of trade reaches through Ala- 
 bama and the surrounding States, and is 
 israpidly increasing. Mr. ¥. I). Young is 
 
 a native of Marion, S. C, and has long 
 been connected with the grocery busi- 
 ness. 
 
 I\Ir. y. S. Gage, his partner, is a native 
 of Union, S. C, and formerly was in the 
 large wholesale grocery house of Francis 
 H. Leggett c^ Co., New York. 
 
 These gentlemen are men of high 
 standing and business capacity, being 
 esteemed by all who know them. No 
 more reliable or staunch house exists in 
 Birmingham than this well-known and 
 respected firm, and their ample capital 
 enables them to buy and sell at prices 
 which few can duplicate. 
 
 ^Ql^M'SSlON MERCHAMT3 
 
 2019 ft2D2I MORRISAVENUE: 
 
 Blrmin^liaiii^Ala* 
 
 Wholesale Fruits and Produce. 
 
 HIGDON & McCARY, 2019 and 2021 
 Morris avenue. — This is a very important 
 business in this city. The wholesale 
 fruit and proudce trade of Birmingham 
 has assumed lai'ge proportions — larger 
 than that of many more populous cities. 
 Among the first to engage in this line of 
 business and a house widely and favor- 
 ably known, is the one whose name 
 heads this article. In this line Messrs. 
 Higdon & IMcCary stand at the head, 
 having been here the longest, and paying 
 strict attention to their business have 
 worked up an enormous trade. The peo- 
 ple have confidence in these young men, 
 and know they will be treated right, 
 whether buyers from them or shippers. 
 Their business has increased to such an 
 extent they had built, about a year ago, 
 
90 
 
 NoKTH Alabama. 
 
 a substantial three-story brick l:)uilding, 
 only half block from niiiin depot, front- 
 ing 50 feet on IMorris avenue, and run- 
 ning l)ack to Louisville & Nashville Kail- 
 road track, where they unload their cars 
 right into their store. The building is 
 fitted up expressly for their business, 
 with the best banana rooms, air tight 
 rooms, refrigerators, cocoanut l)ins, tine 
 elevators, and in fact everything neces- 
 sary for their business. They are sup- 
 plying the jobl>ing trade all through this 
 country, as they get their produce in such 
 large quantities tliat they can at all times 
 supply the demand for anything in car 
 lots. They make a specialty of water- 
 melons, apples, bananas, oranges, cocoa- 
 nuts, lemons, potatoes, onions and cab- 
 bage, and in their season vegetables of 
 all kinds. Any one who wishes to ship 
 or buy anything in their line will do 
 well to correspond with them. They are 
 the largest produce merchants in this 
 section, and refer to the banks and lead- 
 ing business houses of Birniinghanj. 
 
 Jewelry. 
 
 THE OBEAR JEWEl.RY CO., 20U 
 2d ave. — This store, which is a spacious 
 and attractively fitted up apartment, 
 25x120 feet in dimensions, contains, in 
 the line of stock carried, a full and com- 
 plete assortment of l)eautiful and artis- 
 tically d(,\signed wares, including fine 
 gold and silver goods of all descriptions, 
 diamonds, watches, clocks and jewelry 
 of all varieties ; also a complete line of 
 gents' solid gold chains, ladies' vest and 
 children's cliains, ladies' grand and opera 
 chains, and solid silver and white metal 
 and j-oll-plate vest chains at rates to ac- 
 commodate every one ; novelties in solid 
 gold and plated" bracelets, rings, pins, 
 charms, etc., are supplied at most reason- 
 able rates. Mr. Obear has shown skill 
 and taste in the selection of his stock, 
 but especially can his ju<lgment and skill 
 be relied on in the selection of diamonds 
 and watches, as lie makes a specialty of 
 these articles, and since he established 
 this house, in 1887, he has won the 
 deserved reputation in Birmingham of 
 being a connoisseur in the selection of 
 diamonds and other precious stones. 
 
 Mr. Obear, a native of Macon, Ga., 
 is a courteous, cultivated gentleman, 
 a responsible representative meri'hant 
 an<l a valued citizen He is an ex- 
 captain of the Birmingham Guards, a 
 Knight Templar and iNlason, and holds 
 the position of honor and tru.st as the 
 treasurer of the Mutual Loan anil Trust 
 
 Company, and enjoys the respect and es- 
 teem of ail with whom he is brought inr 
 contact. 
 
 E/yton Land Company's Car Works. 
 
 As a great manufacturing center Bir- 
 mingham has achieved j)rominence and 
 an enormous trade that extends through- 
 out the United .Stutes. Not alone is en- 
 terprise confined to the production of 
 iron and steel, but it is manifest 
 in the manufacture of a thous- 
 and and one articles of necessity that 
 form trade staples all over the land. 
 Prominent among ' the number, and 
 representative in its important line» 
 are the Elyton Land Company's 
 Car Works, established on the 1st 
 of November, 1887. Ten cars a day 
 are made at these extensive works, 
 freight cars and dummy line cars being 
 made at the present time. The plant is 
 twenty acres in extent, the entire cost of 
 it being $200,000. Five hundred ex- 
 perienced operatives are daily given em- 
 ployment, while expenses daily reach 
 If 1,000. Tliere ye several large buildings, 
 and a dryinghouse built at a cost of 
 $3,000. All tlie machinery used is of the- 
 best and mo.st approved make. A 
 thorough system of organization per- 
 vades every department of the firm's- 
 works, the proprietors giving their per- 
 •sonal attention to tlie va.st operations of 
 the concern and bringing to bear the 
 widest possible range of practical ex- 
 perience. The erection of the Elytor^ 
 J^and Company's Car Works is only one 
 of the many instances of the splendid 
 and well-tlirected enterprise so often 
 shown by that corporation, and the 
 works cannot but be a lasting source of 
 credit to the city and a monument to the- 
 industry and honorable spirit of enter- 
 jjrise of the Elyton Land Company. 
 
 Brokers in Stoclis and Bondt and Dealers 
 in Coal and Wood. 
 
 HARDY & CO., 2005 First avenue.— 
 Among those who represent in Birming- 
 ham some of the strongest firms in the 
 brokerage business of stocks and bonds, 
 we must mention that of Hardy t<: Co., 
 esta1)lished on the 1st of December, 1887, 
 and successors to Frederick Hardy. 
 
 The office rooms are located at No. 2005 
 1st avenue. This firm is well ac(]uainted 
 with local .stock and bond markets, and 
 they buy and sell all kinds of securities • 
 and commercial paper on commission. 
 
 llar<ly & Co., ])esides doing a large- 
 
BlEMlNdllAM. 
 
 91 
 
 business in stocks and bonds, carry on 
 an extensive business in coal and wood, 
 which, though only lately started, is in 
 creasing rapidly day by day. 
 
 These gentlemen are connected with 
 the well-known Birmingham and other 
 banks, which profess their confidence for 
 their ability and honesty, the following 
 banks being among their splendid refer- 
 ences: 
 
 The First National Bank of Charles- 
 ton, S. C. ; National City Bank, 52 Wall 
 street. New York; the First National 
 Bank and Alabama National Bank_ of 
 Birmingham. Tlie members of the firm 
 are Messrs. Frederick and Gaston Hardy. 
 
 Mr. Frederick Hardy, a native of Nor- 
 folk, Virginia, was formerly for some 
 years engaged inthebanker'sand broker's 
 business, with his father, at 10 Wall 
 street. New York. This gentleman, for 
 upward of sixteen years, was a member 
 of the New Y^ork Stock Exchange, and 
 now is President of the Birmingham 
 Stock Exchange, of which institution, it 
 must be said to his credit, he was one 
 of the organizers. He was formerly 
 Secretary of the Chamber of Coumierce. 
 He has, it will thus be seen, held, and 
 still holds, positions of responsibility. 
 
 Mr. Gaston Hardy, a most enterprising 
 and rising young man, is a cousin of Mr. 
 Frederick Hardy, and was born in Nor- 
 folk, Virginia. For nearly six years he 
 gave the greatest satisfaction as Treasurer 
 of the South Carolina Railway Company. 
 
 AVith the resources at its command, 
 and also the energy and l>usiness capacity 
 of its heads, there is practically 'no limit 
 to the business of the firm. 
 
 Real Estate, Stock and Money Brokers. 
 
 M. G. HUDSON & CO. (firm com- 
 posed of M. G. Hudson, J. W. Hudson 
 and J. M. Hudson), 2017 First avenue. 
 — Among the great number of commer- 
 cial houses forming the channel through 
 which the mighty streaujs of trade fiow 
 in this city, there are many deserving of 
 extended notice and favorable mention 
 in these pages, and are wortliy, no doubt, 
 of better notice than the scope and design 
 of this work will admit. The well directed 
 energies of Messrs. M. G. Hudson & Co., 
 successors to Hudson & Ferryman, and 
 their extensive experience in banking 
 and financial matters, make them fitted 
 to conduct such a business as the heading 
 of this article indicates. 
 
 The firm of M. G. Hudson & Co. suc- 
 ceeded Hudson & Ferryman, which latter 
 firm was established on the 10th of No- 
 
 vember, 1886. Their office is situated as 
 conv niently as possible, in the Caldwell- 
 Mitner Office Building. 
 
 These gentlemen pay special attention 
 to real estate, are members of the Stock 
 Exchange, and are well acquainted with 
 the local stock, bond and money markets, 
 and their large correspondence and inti- 
 mate acquaintances make their judgment 
 on the values and standing of the stock 
 and bond market of great worth. 
 
 Mr. M. (t. Hudson is a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and belongs to the Masonic order. 
 He was through the war, distinguishing 
 himself on several occasions. He first 
 served as a private in the Twenty-fourth 
 Alabama Infantry, on Maj. Jones M. 
 Withers' staff', subsequently on the 
 stati' of Gen. Wheeler. In his first en- 
 gagement, the battle of Shiloh, he gained 
 his promotion, Ijeing made a lieutenant 
 for gallantry on the field. It Was after 
 the retiring of the army from Chatta- 
 nooga to Murfreesboro that he was trans- 
 ferred to Gen Wheeler's stafl", after- 
 ward being captured in North Carolina 
 and put in solitary confinement in Fort 
 Delaware, being released in July, 1805, 
 by the order of Sherman. After this he 
 went into the cotton business till 187-1, 
 then was Cashier of the South Bank of 
 Alabama, finally going into the broker- 
 age business. He is also Secretary and 
 Treasui'er of the Birmingham Trust and 
 Loan Company. 
 
 Mr. J. \V. Hudson is brother of M. G., 
 and isanative of Virginia. Atthefirstout- 
 break of the war he enlisted with the 
 Fourth Alabama Regiment, the regiment 
 which so distinguished itself at the first 
 battle of Manassas, where he assisted in 
 bearing Gen. Bee from the field. Mr. 
 Huds(jn served through the war with 
 credit to himself and honor to his 
 country. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Hudson, the junior member 
 of the firm, is son of the senior. He was 
 reared and educated in this State, and 
 has lived a number of years in Mobile, 
 where he has been thoroughly skilled in 
 the brokerage business. 
 
 These gentlemen buy and sell all kinds 
 of securities and commercial paper on 
 commission accoriling to specification 
 given them by their patrons, and when 
 capital is left with them to invest on their 
 own judgment, they seldom fail to place 
 it where it will surely acci'ue to the ben- 
 efit of their patrons. With the standing 
 they have in Birmingham, they are, per- 
 haps, the best adapted to carry on this 
 business of any firm in the city. They 
 are men of energy, industry and splendid 
 
92 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 tact, and correspondence with them, no 
 doubt, will open up protitable business 
 icJations to those desiring to invest, as 
 they usually have a large stock of paper 
 from which favorable selections can be 
 made. 
 
 Groceries^ 
 
 "W. K. T. B. (R. Rochester, proprietors 
 Thirvl avenue and Twentieth street, 
 ^orth. — " The foo<.i we eat "' is a vitally 
 important question, and one which con- 
 cerns the health and happiness of every 
 man. woman and child. It is of prime 
 importance that our fooil products be 
 fresh, or, at least, free from impurity and 
 the taint of age. 
 
 It is but natural to suppose that the 
 best and purt^st groceries are to be found 
 in those establishments which transact 
 the largest business, for then the stock, 
 being quickly sold, is many times during 
 a season replenisheii, a fact greatly to the 
 advivntage of purchasers. 
 
 One of the largest, linest and best ap- 
 pointeii gn^^ery stores in this city or Stale 
 IS the '" W. K. T. B ." owned and man- 
 ageii by Mr. R. Roi.'hester. The site is 
 the new Hoovi Building. ix>rner Thirvi 
 avenue and Twentieth street. North. ^ 
 
 The building is one among the loftiest ' 
 
 and finest in this city, and was completed 
 only this year (1S88). Mr. Rochester 
 oci'upies a double store on the first floor, 
 which is 50x100 feet. 
 
 This area m;vkes the W. K. T. B. one 
 of the largest retail grocery stores in the 
 South, and one which is seldom sur- 
 passed in metropolitan cities^. 
 
 The interior is a model of system, 
 beautiful arrangement and convenience. 
 The shelving and counters are arranged 
 to the best advantage, showing off the 
 large quantities of goods in the most at- 
 tractive manner. The stock is a large 
 and complete one. and embraces every- 
 thing in the line of fine and fancy gro- 
 ceries, provisions, teas, coffees — in short, 
 all articles usually found in a first -class 
 house. Here the housekeeper may find 
 the best brands of canneii gooils. the 
 purest of sugars, the freshest of creamery 
 butter, the best grades of flour, hams, 
 dried and smoked meats, together with 
 a full line of miscellaneous table delica- 
 cies, of both domestic and foreign manu- 
 facture. Among the large and varieil as- 
 sortment of good things, no cheap, adul- 
 terated, or common gvxxls can W found, 
 for the motto is, " ]IVAV<p The jBt^,"' a 
 fact which a thousand customers can 
 testify. 
 
 The sp»acious storeroom is well lighted 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 93 
 
 l)y day. and lighted by electric lights 
 -at night, presenting then a scene of busy 
 attractiveness. 
 
 A large force of polite and attentive 
 Jissistants are employed, and several de- 
 livery wagons are kept busy every hour 
 in the day delivering goods to the 
 numerous customers of this popular es- 
 tablishment. While here can always be 
 found the be.st, it may also be stated with 
 -equal truth that here may be found the 
 ■cheapest, an additional fact which has 
 -contributed to the store's success. 
 
 Mr. Rochester is a Kentuckian, and 
 came to this city seven years ago (1S81). 
 Immediately upon arriving here he en- 
 gaged with the Birmingham Rolling Mill, 
 and was with the company nearly two 
 years. Leaving this he engaged in the 
 merchandise brokerage business for three 
 and a half years, and then, in 1886, 
 entered up<in his present business, which 
 he has made, by his indomitable energy 
 and sagacity, the signal and greatest 
 success of his life, a triumph of which 
 he may well feel justly proud, for 
 the successful upbuilding and manage- 
 ment of such houses is not alone to the 
 proprietor, but to the credit of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 Attorney at Law and Real Estate. 
 
 PEYTON G. KING. Office on Second 
 Avenue, between Nineteenth and Twen- 
 tieth streets. — Prominent among the rep- 
 resentatives of the law in this city stands 
 the name of Peyton G. King, whose 
 office may be found centrally located on 
 ^Second avenue, between Nineteenth and 
 Twentieth streets. Mr. King established 
 himself as an attorney in Birmingham in 
 1888. Mr. King has studied law from his 
 early days, and is thorougly conversant ' 
 with all details thereof. He has, on 
 account of his long experience and great 
 skill in all matters pertaining to law, I 
 gained a name of eminence in this sec- , 
 tion of the country. Mr. King is well 
 known as manager of one of the most { 
 enterprising industries known to the: 
 *' Magic City." namely, the Avondale 
 Lumber and Milling Company. His ^ 
 nephew, Mr. Sibley P. King, one of the 
 rising young men in the commu- \ 
 nity, resides at Avondale and attends to 
 the business there at the Milling Com- ; 
 pany's tirm. The Messrs. Peyton and 
 JSibley King have, it should be men- 
 tioned, for sale some of the linest lots, 
 city, central and suburban. Forty lots in 
 East Brooklyn, on the East Lake Dummy 
 Line; fifty lots in South Avondale and 
 
 some in Elyton ; in Birmingham, several 
 lots on corner First avenue and Twenty- 
 sixth street ; on First avenue between 
 Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets, 
 and corner Morris avenue and Twenty- 
 first street. These last lots are uuequaled 
 for wholesale business. 
 
 Mr. King has suburban lots to sell 
 below corporation prices, and ou the best 
 terms eier offered in this market, to such 
 as can pay I'O per cent, in cash and build 
 a residence ; thus he ofters homes for all. 
 He also ofters $400,000 in the best'of Bir- 
 mingham stocks. AVe recommend all de- 
 siring lots or stocks to take a louk at 
 Mr. Peyton King's before going else- 
 where, and to save commissions by buy- 
 ing from owner, as they will find them- 
 selves transacting business with one of 
 finest and most favorably known men in 
 the city. 
 
 Contractors and Builders. 
 
 J. B. MARSHALL & CO., Morris 
 avenue and Twenty-second street. — An 
 important branch of skilled industry is 
 ably represented in this city by Messrs. 
 J. "B. Marshall A Co., contractors and 
 builders, also extensive lumber dealers. 
 They occupy an eligible site on Powell 
 avenue, between Eighteenth and Nine- 
 teenth streets, the spacious premises be- 
 ing supplied with all requisite facilities 
 for the advantageous' prosecution of the 
 enterprise. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Marshall established this 
 business in 1S81, and in 1SS7 took into 
 partnership Mr. G. W. Powe, who is a 
 gentleman of sterling business integrity. 
 The extensive business consists of tlie 
 erection of all kinds of public buildings 
 and private dwellings. 
 
 The firm are exjaerienced in the details 
 of the trade, and have unusual fa- 
 cilities for obtaining the choicest growths 
 of yellow pine, ash and walnut lumber. 
 They are heavy receivers, and have ex- 
 tensive and centrally located yards, an 
 immense supply of lumber being kept in 
 readiness for the filling of all orders. 
 
 Mr. Marshall was born in Sumter 
 county, Alabama, and is a member of 
 the Order of the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 Mr, Powe is also an Alabamian by 
 birth, and is a member of the Masonic 
 order. The business of this firm has al- 
 ways been conducted upon a basis of the 
 highest commercial integrity. 
 
 The members possessing, as they do, 
 ample capital and a thorough knowledge 
 of the wants of the trade, are enabled to 
 successfully encounter all competition, 
 
94 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 from whatever source it may come. As 
 citizens, no pjentlemen occupy a more 
 prominent position, or are doing more to 
 aid and extend the trade and reputation 
 of the city of Birmingham. 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance Agents. 
 
 EOWLETT & ANGLIN.— The import- 
 ance of Birmingham as a great financial 
 and commercial center cannot be more 
 forcibly demonstrated than by reference 
 to her flourishing real estate and in- 
 surance interests. The city affords favor- 
 able openings for the use of large capital 
 in this line, and boasts of some of the 
 largest agencies in the South, conspicuous 
 among whom we notice the firm of Row- 
 lett & Anglin, successors to Rowlett & 
 Co. They established business in 1887, 
 and have developed a widely extended 
 trade throughout the .Southern States. 
 They deal in the richest timber, mineral 
 and agricultural lands, desirably situated 
 city, business and residential "property, 
 vacant lots and suburban lands by the 
 acre. As insurance agents they repre- 
 sent some of the most prominent, wealthy 
 and reputable companies in the United 
 States, being agents for the Home Insur- 
 ance Company, of New York; the Sun 
 Fire Office, of London; the Mechanics' 
 and Traders', Washington Fire and 
 Marine Company, the Mobile. 
 
 They control the insuring of large lines 
 of city property, and are able, expe- 
 rienced underwriters. Isuing a clearly 
 worded policy, free of all technicalities, 
 all losses are promptly adjusted and paid. 
 
 Messrs. Rowlett «fc" Anglin are natives 
 respectively of Florida and Alabama, and 
 are weir known and popular citizens of 
 Birmingham, having the confidence of 
 the community as reliable, honorable 
 gentlemen. 
 
 Birmingham Marble Works. 
 
 THOMAS H. HOLT, Proprietor, cor- 
 ner Second avenue and Twenty-fourth 
 street. — The Birmingham Marble Works 
 is one of the most important l)usiness es- 
 tablishments in the Magic City. Its 
 present proprietor, Thomas H. Holt, is a 
 gentleman of superior business tact and 
 energy. He handles nothing l)ut the 
 finest quality of marble, and guarantees 
 to furnish it at less cost than any other 
 estabUshment in the State. The Birming- 
 ham Marble Works is the only enter- 
 prise of tliis character in Alabama, at 
 
 which can l)e gotten the most elegant 
 quality' of Scotcli and native granites at 
 the prices offered. 
 
 Under the personal supervision of Mr. 
 Holt there is manufactured all descrip- 
 tion of marble and stone monuments. 
 His place of business is located at the 
 corner of Second avenue and Twenty- 
 fourth street, and is well adapted for 
 conducting the business, being centrally 
 located. This gentleman does an exten- 
 sive business, not only in Birmingham, 
 but throughout the State and several of 
 the adjacent States, and in all cases has ■ 
 given perfect satisfaction. 
 
 Mr. Holt is a native of Pennsylvania, 
 and was born in Armstrong County. He 
 is a prominent member of the Masons, 
 Odd Fellows and Knights of Honor. He 
 was in the marble work in Kentucky 
 previous to coming to Birmingtiam. By 
 close attention to businessand hard work 
 lie has gained for himself a name and 
 prominence of which he is justly proud 
 and well worthy. Parties at a distance 
 would do well to correspond with him. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 THE SMITH BOOT AND SHOE 
 COMPANY, 2021 Second avenue. — A 
 leading firm of the kind in Birming- 
 ham is that of the Smith Boot and Shoe 
 Company, located at 2021 Second avenue. 
 This fiourishing house was established on 
 February 20, 1888, and does an immense 
 business, wholesale and retail, in boots 
 and shoes. The premises occupied are 
 spacious, being 30x100 feet in dimen- 
 sions, built of brick and two stories high. 
 They are handsomely fitted up through- 
 out, and systematically arranged for a tine 
 display of the goods liandled, while the 
 department for street and house shoes, . 
 boots, slippers and rubber goods is unri- 
 valed, and cannot fail to give satisfac- 
 tion to the most critical taste. The finest 
 ladies', children's and misses' shoes are 
 sold, which are noteworthy for style, 
 durability and excellent workmanship, 
 and are purchasable at very reasonable 
 prices. • 
 
 Mr. M. L. Smith, the proprietor of this 
 firm, was born in ^lacon, Georgia. This 
 gentleman was formerly clerk in a dry 
 goods, boots and shoe house in Macon, 
 Savannah and Birmingham. Mr. Smith 
 is a practically experienced business • 
 man, being indefatigable in his efforts to 
 gratify the tastes and desires of his many 
 patrons in the choice quality and price 
 of the merchandise handled. 
 
Bir.MINGnAM. 
 
 95 
 
 Brokers. 
 
 The firm of LIGHTFOOT <fc CO. have 
 the claim of being tlie only firm in the 
 cit}' doing an excUisively brokerage busi- 
 ness. They estabhshed themselves in 
 this enterprising and successful business 
 in December, 1886. Since that time they 
 have gained for their well-established 
 firm an enviable reputation second to 
 none in the State. All financial opera- 
 tions are conducted in a prudent, con- 
 servative manner, consistent with inter- 
 ests and responsibilities involved. Al- 
 ready this young and thriving firm enjoys 
 a prestige which gives it a prominent 
 place in the broker's line of business. 
 No commission business in the South is 
 conducted more systematically, or with 
 more careful and scrupulous exactness 
 than that of the business of Lightfoot & 
 Co. The gentlemen in charge of this 
 company are extensive property owners 
 in the city, and enjoy the esteem and re- 
 spect of the business community, as w^ell 
 as occupying a high social position. 
 
 Mr. W. B. Lightfoot and brother are 
 Mississippians. and are high-toned, 
 cultured and refined gentlemen. Any 
 business entrusted to them will Vjein safe 
 hands and receive careful and prompt at- 
 tention. 
 
 Lumber and Shingles. 
 
 SALVADOR SUTTON, 1064 Twenty- 
 first street, near First avenue. — Among 
 the many different kinds of business and 
 avocations of the city there are none of 
 niore importance than the shingle and 
 lumber trade. Prominent in this branch 
 of commercial enterprise we have to 
 mention Mr. Salvador Sutton, who does 
 a most extensive business in lawn cypress 
 shingles and Southern pine lumber. His 
 office (city) is at 106^ Twenty-first street, 
 near First avenue. Tlie cypre.«s shingles 
 and pine lumber offered for sale by Mr. 
 Sutton are only of the very bt'St quality, 
 all of them liaving been most carefully 
 selected. Mr. Sutton is a fine, practical 
 business man, being widely known as a 
 reliable man, and whose success in trade 
 has been well and fairly earned. He 
 bears a very high character, and stands 
 well in the community, and since enter- 
 ing into business here has enjoyed a 
 large share of public patronage. He sold 
 800,000 laths to be used in the new Cald- 
 well Hotel Building, lath recommended 
 by Sidell, architect. His sales have been 
 and still are verv large. 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance Agent. 
 
 ED. WARREN, on Twentieth btreet,. 
 between First and Second avenues, is a 
 representative of the active and atten- 
 tive business men, which the flourishing 
 State of Alabama has constantly contrib- 
 uted to this prosperous and growing city. 
 This gentleman does a large business in 
 real estate and insurance. He has made 
 a specialty of the study of landlord and 
 tenant laws, and his experience in the 
 execution of the same has made him an 
 authority on that chapter, his advice and 
 judgment in such matters being daily 
 asked. His office on Twentieth street, 
 between First and Second avenues, 
 affords every facility for the prompt 
 transaction of all business relating to 
 real estate matters, and the negotiation 
 of loans and mortgages and insurance. 
 Mr. Warren was estabilished in 188L He 
 belongs to the Knights of Honor. He 
 has lived mostly in Tuscaloosa as a mer- 
 chant and manufacturer. Minutely 
 acquainted with the law and absolutely 
 straightforward in all his dealings, jNIr. 
 Warren has reached a position of prom- 
 inence in his profession. 
 
 Druggists. 
 
 NABERS & IMORROW, Wholesale 
 Druggists, 2012 First avenue.— One of the 
 prominent and representative mercantile 
 houses of this city is the wholesale and 
 retail drug house of Nabers & Morrow. 
 This house was founded as far back as 
 1879 by the present firm, who, with 
 energy 'and close business methods, have 
 gained the most wonderful reputation as 
 the " Leading Drug House" of Birming- 
 ham. They i-arry the largest and most 
 complete stock of" drugs in Birmingham, 
 and have the commodious storeroom of 
 2012 First avenue, 25x140, a brick build- 
 ing of three stories, occupied by the 
 wholesale and retail departments of the 
 firm. 
 
 Messrs. Nabers and Morrow are both 
 natives of Jefi'erson County, Alabama, 
 and being kind, genial and pleasant men, 
 they have gained a large and influential 
 patronage, and more and greater suc- 
 cesses in the future await them. 
 
 Mill, Mining and Furnace Supplies. 
 
 R. KNAUFF & Co, 1810 Second av- 
 enue. — One of the best and most com- 
 plete establishments in the city, as well 
 as one where the most thorough work 
 is performed is that of R. Knauff"& Co., 
 
96 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 wholesale and retail dealers in mill, min- 
 ing and furnace supplies, in plumbing, 
 steam and gas fitters' supplies. It was 
 established in the year 1872. This house 
 has taken a front rank in the trade, 
 its business from time to time having 
 increased from large to larger propor- 
 tions. The premises are large and com- 
 modious, the wholesale department being 
 at No. 1820 Second avenue and the retail 
 at the corner of First avenue and Nine- 
 teenth street, under the Opera House. In 
 the former will always be found a full 
 sui^ply of rubl)er belting, hose, packing, 
 plumbers' sanitary goods, steam and gas 
 fitters' supplies, machinery supplies, 
 pump and liydraulic rams, etc. This 
 house has the only steam power machin- 
 ery to cut and thread pipe from one- 
 eighth to eight inches. The dimensions 
 of their wholesale department are 25 by 
 120 feet, it being a brick building and 
 three-stories high. In the retaif house, 
 known as the Magic City Plumbing, 
 Steam and Gas Fitting Works, is a large 
 stock always on hand of plumbing, 
 steam and gas fitters' supplies. 
 
 Mr. R. Knauft" was born in New York. 
 This gentleman is a Knight Templar and 
 a Free Mason. 
 
 Mr. J. G. Neal and Mr. W. H. Frank- 
 lin, his partners, are natives of Alabama 
 and Burlington, New York, respectively. 
 All of these gentlemen are practical 
 plumbers, steam and gas fitters. This 
 house gives special attention to all work, 
 sanitary plumbing, house and factory 
 steam heating and gas fitting being spec- 
 ialties. 
 
 Their work being of the best, they in- 
 variably give satisfaction. They are men 
 -of excellent character and are generally 
 popular. Their work compares with any 
 in the country and they are well worthy 
 the generous patronage they command. 
 
 Lumber Merchants. 
 
 C. T. HUGHES A CO., Twenty-fourth 
 street and Georgia Pacific Railroad. — The 
 importance of Birmingham as a great 
 ■commercial center is forcibly illustrated 
 "by the varied interests and the active, 
 ■enterprising houses, which so ably sup- 
 port them. In the lumber trade, such a 
 firm is that of Messrs. C. T. Hughes & 
 Co., whose specialty of yellow pine is in 
 such ready demand. The business was 
 es ablished in Deceml)er, 1887, by the 
 present firm and is being energetically 
 carried on The firm are experienced in 
 the details of the trade and carry a stock 
 embracing lath, shingles, the latest styles 
 
 of balusters, the choicest yellow pine 
 lumber, etc. They are heavy receivers 
 and enjo)' direct transportation facilities. 
 They quote prices on all kinds of hard 
 and soft wood lumber that cannot be 
 duplicated elsewhere. The extensive 
 and centrally located yards are well 
 stocked with lumber ready for the filling 
 of orders. The firm have developed an 
 extensive trade and an influential con- 
 nection, while their reputation is of the 
 most enviable character, filling all orders 
 up to grade specified and giving their 
 Ijersonal attention to the meeting of the 
 wants of customers. 
 
 Messrs. C. T. Hughes and F. K. Sim- 
 mons, the individual members of the 
 firm, are natives respectively of Alabama 
 and Florida. 
 
 With practical experience, ample capi- 
 tal and every facility for business, this 
 firm will long retain the commercial 
 standing and business prosperity, which, 
 by probity in their dealings, is their due. 
 Their prospects are of the most favorable 
 character, now that such an active market 
 exists for all kinds of lumber. 
 
 Grocers. 
 
 W. E. YANCEY & CO.— The business 
 conducted by W. E. Yancey & Co. was 
 established in August, 1887, this firm 
 having succeeded Major Wheeless, since 
 which time the trade has steadily in- 
 creased, until it has become one of the 
 leading establishments of its kind in this 
 city, and destined under its present man- 
 agement to take the lead in this special 
 line of merchandise. Messrs. Yancey & 
 Co. have ever recognized the impoi't- 
 ance of keeping only first class goods, and 
 to their uniform courtesy and fair deal- 
 ing is due the rapid increase in their 
 trade. They keep a full, fresh stock of 
 first class goods. 
 
 Mr. Yancey inherits many of the best 
 qualities of his celebrated father, the 
 Honorable William L. Yancey, who was 
 a Confederate States Senator, Commis- 
 sioner to England and France during the 
 late war. He was born in Montgomery, 
 is well known throughout the State, be- 
 ing the owner of the Talladega Sulphur 
 and Chalybeate Springs and 500 acres of 
 fine farming lands, all highly improved. 
 
 Mr. E. B. Williams, the other member 
 of this establishment, is a native of Ten- 
 nessee. He has heretofore been con- 
 nected with Messrs. Austin, Nichols & 
 Co., of New York, as their resident agent 
 at New Orleans. He is a thorough 
 grocer and a most courteous gentle- 
 
BlEMINGnAM. 
 
 97 
 
 man, and is well known throughout the 
 entire South. Mr. Williams is owner of 
 valuable real estate in Dallas, Texas, and 
 has some stock in the Modoc Land and 
 Cattle Company of that State. He is a 
 valuable acquisition to the city. 
 
 This firm occupies the large two-story 
 brick, No. 2010 Second avenue, 25 feet 
 wide and 100 feet. Telephone 280. The 
 firm is a credit to tlie city. They" have a 
 firm basis of popular esteem and enjoy 
 the confidence and good will of the en- 
 tire community, and are consequently 
 the recipients of a large and steadily in- 
 creasing patronage. • 
 
 Fancy Steam Dyeing and Dry Cleaning. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM STEAM DYE 
 WORKS COMPANY, 2215 Second av- 
 enue. — The largest and most extensive 
 steam dyeing and French dry cleaning 
 works in this State are those of the above 
 company. Tlie office is to be found at 
 No. 2010 Second avenue. This enterpris- 
 ing establishment was founded on Janii- 
 ary 1, 18S8, and since the inception 
 of the business has encountered the 
 most flourishing trade. 
 
 Ladies' and gents' clothing is cleaned, 
 dj'ed and repaired, and all kinds of fancy 
 dyeing and cleaning are done, all the 
 work at this house being guaranteed to 
 be finished in a first-class manner. 
 
 These works are supplied with all the 
 latest improved machinery, including a 
 silk and lace curtain finishing machine, 
 and also a latest improved carpet beater, 
 the only machines of the kind in the 
 State. With these extra facilities, silk, 
 lace curtains and carpets can be made to 
 look as good as new. 
 
 In the treatment of gentlemen's cloth- 
 ing and other articles needing scouring, a 
 process is applied guaranteed to prevent 
 any change of color or shape, and to re- 
 turn the articles in the same condition 
 as when they left their original manu- 
 facturer. 
 
 Mr. W. T. Morris, a native of Bourbon 
 County, Kentucky, is the enterprising 
 proprietor. This gentleman formerly 
 farmed in Kentucky. He is a man of 
 excellent character ai>d business abilities, 
 and the persistent attention to the calls 
 of his trade he has already shown can 
 not fail to secure for him a large success. 
 INIr. F. R. Hulbert, the General Man- 
 ager, is a native of Bridgeport, Conn., and 
 has had twenty years experience in East- 
 ern dye houses, having been engaged 
 nine years at the celebrated Old Staten 
 Island Dyeing Establishment, New York. 
 
 He is a thorouglily skilled workman, and 
 understands every detail of the business, 
 and gives all work his personal attention. 
 Thus equipped, the Birmingham Steam 
 Dye Works are prepared to turn out 
 work second to none, and give satisfac- 
 tion in all instances. 
 
 Fruits and Produce Commission iVIerciiants. 
 HUDSON & SHAVER.— Among the 
 representative wholesale fruit and pro- 
 duce commission merchants of the city 
 none stand higlier than Hudson & 
 Shaver. Tiiey deal exclusively in the 
 various vegetable ijroductions of this. 
 State used in every day consumption ; 
 also those from North and South, and 
 tropical fruits, such as bananas, oranges, 
 lemons, dates, figs, pineapples, and a 
 general line of all fine fruits, making a 
 specialty of a])ples of every known 
 variety. They deal extensively in pea- 
 nuts. They are thus able to supply the 
 retail dealers, hucksters and wagon ped- 
 dlers at all times at the lowest market 
 rates. They receive daily fresh supplies, 
 and have every facility for shipping and 
 delivering goods. Several large delivery 
 wagons are in constant use, and any 
 quantity of goods delivered free of 
 charge. They probably handle as much 
 foreign or outside consignments, such 
 as fruits, vegetables, melons, etc., in 
 season, as any other firm in compe- 
 
98 
 
 NoKTH Alabama. 
 
 titioTi in the city. Careful attention, 
 quicix sales atid prompt returns is the 
 motto of tit is live tirni, which is fast es- 
 tablishing a most enviable reputation. 
 They solicit consignments from all parts 
 of tiie country, and parties having any- 
 thing in their "line to sell would do well 
 to open correspondence with them. P. 
 O. Box No. 548. 
 
 Mr. Hudson is from Atlanta, Georgia, 
 and has been in the commission business 
 for a number of years. ■ 
 
 Mr. Shaver is of Birmingham, and a 
 fine talented business man. 
 
 Both gentlemen are well and favorably 
 known, and enjoy the confidence and 
 esteem of the public. 
 
 Florence House, 
 
 O. F. HICKLT:, Manager.— -There is 
 nothing which a Ids .so much to tiie ])re.i- 
 tige of a city, in the estimation of a 
 stranger, as first-class hotel accommoda- 
 tions. The city of Birmingham is espe- 
 cially to be conf;Tatulated upon ll\e exist- 
 ence in its midst of a number of magnif- 
 icent hotels, foremost among which ranks 
 the " Florence," established in 1883. The 
 location is one of the most eligible in the 
 city, being at the corner of Nineteenth 
 street and Second avenue, and in close 
 proximity to the retail and wholesale 
 trade centers, and accessible by street 
 railroads and horse cars from all places 
 of interest in the city. The Hotel is a 
 fine, conspicuous building, built of brick, 
 four stories in height. The sanitary 
 arrangements are as perfect as men can 
 make them. A large outlay in its erec- 
 tion in adapting the heating, ventilating 
 and plumbing system to the require- 
 ments of the most recent dicta of science, 
 has warranted its guests that nothing is 
 to fear from sewergas and foul air. The 
 office is a delightful room, with fine, 
 lofty ceilings. Besides this, the elegant 
 lobby and waiting rooms, the fine din- 
 ing hall, capable of seating nijiety-six 
 people, and other necessary apartments 
 are on the first floor. The whole house 
 is beautifully lighted with electric 
 lights. The sleeping apartments are 
 well ventilated, lighted and heated for 
 the easy accommodation of 170 guests. 
 The cuisine is not surpassed in the city. 
 The proprietors. Colonels Jackson and 
 McCurdy, of Alabama, are well-known 
 men throughout the State. The former 
 gentleman is president of the City Gas 
 Company, the Enterprise Manufactur- 
 ing Company, and several other of ,the 
 most flourishing enterprises. Col. Mc- 
 
 Curdy has an immense cotton planta- 
 tion in I.owndes County, Alabama. They 
 both are well known for the public spirit 
 they possess as well as many other fine 
 qualities, which easily account for the 
 confidence and popularity they have won 
 with all, 
 
 Mr. O. F. Hickle, a native of Ken- 
 tucky, who has been in the hotel busi- 
 ness since 1805, is the able Manager of 
 the House. Mr. W. H. Millspaugh, a 
 native of Detroit, Michigan, has clerked 
 for three years and a half at this House 
 and is well kno.vn by the many visitor 
 as a mosi prompt and energetic young 
 man. 
 
 Ice, 
 
 BIRMINGHAM ICE COMPANY.— 
 
 Prominent among the representative 
 corporate enterprises of this wonderful 
 city will be found the Birmingham Ice 
 Factory Company, which was established 
 in 1882. The premises occupied by this 
 Company consist of a series of large, 
 well arranged and equipped structures, 
 covering a large area. All the' modern 
 facilities are supplied, steam power is 
 used, and their factories in operation, 
 with a productive capacity of forty-five 
 tons of pure ice per diem. They employ 
 from forty to fifty hands, and a large 
 force of trains is required to supply the 
 wants of their numerous patrons, and 
 the annual business is of prosperous ag- 
 gregate. The C'ompany has a paid-up 
 capital stock of $85,000, and is oflicered 
 as follows: President, R. H. Pearson; 
 Treasurer; W. J. Cameron; Secretary, 
 W. B. Sommerville ; General Manager, W. 
 J. Rushton. They represent the highest 
 business acumen and executive ability of 
 the city, and the voluminous and fast 
 increasing trade enjoyed and signal suc- 
 cess achieved are l)ut a natural reflex of 
 their energetic and capable management 
 of the enterprise. In connection wiih. 
 the ice manufactory, they are engaged in 
 handling coal to a large extent. 
 INIr. Pearson is a native of Butler 
 
Birmingham 
 
 99 
 
 County, Alabama. By profession, he is 
 a, -well-known and popular lawyer of 
 Birmingham, and President of the Bir- 
 mingham Flouring Mills, one of the 
 leading enterprises of the city. 
 
 Mr. Cameron was born in Montgom- 
 ery, Alabama, and is treasurer of the 
 Birmingham Jjand Company, and Presi- 
 dent of the First National Bank. The 
 enterprising and public spirited interest 
 taken by him in everything thati^ertains 
 to the material and commercial advance- 
 ment of Birmingham has placed this 
 gentleman at the head of numerous pub- 
 lic enterprises of the city. 
 
 Mr. Rushton, as the General Manager 
 of this business, is the right man in the 
 right place, and having been in the ice 
 business for years, he has all tlie expe- 
 rience necessary to a {)erfect understand- 
 ing of every detail connected with these 
 large factories. 
 
 Mr. Sommerville is a native of Cahaba, 
 Dallas County, Alabama, and has for 
 years held the position of bookkeeper in 
 various companies in this city. He is a 
 man well knciwn in business circles as an 
 adept in his calling. 
 
 All the officers of this Company are 
 men of long and valuable experience, 
 and are essentially representative of the 
 industrial developments of Birmingham. 
 
 Pharmacists. 
 WILKERSON & STONE, 305 Twen- 
 tieth street, between Third and Fourth 
 avenues. — Among the leading pharma- 
 cists to be found in. this city are Messrs. 
 Wilkerson & Stone, whose store is most 
 conveniently located at 305 Twentieth 
 street, between Third and Fourth av- 
 enues. This house was established on 
 November 1, 1887, and ever since the in- 
 ception of the business has enjoyed a 
 fine manufacturing and retail pharmacy 
 trade. 
 _ The premises are 20x95 feet in dimen- 
 sions and three stories high, with a hand- 
 some brick front. These gentlemen do a 
 
 good manufacturing business, and carry a 
 full and judiciously selected stock of 
 medicines, chemicals, drugs, patent med- 
 icines, etc. — everything, in fact, pertain- 
 ing to tirst-class establishments. 
 
 Prescriptions are compounded with 
 great accuracy, skill and promptness. 
 
 Mr. P. M. Wilkerson was born in 
 Marion, Alabama, where he resides. 
 This gentleman is a member of the 
 Knights of Pythias, and an accomplished 
 pharmacist, having spent two. years at 
 the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. 
 
 Mr. Stone, his partner, is a native of 
 Talladega, and was Secretary of the Ala- 
 bama Pharmaceutical Association for 
 years. He formerly traveled with the 
 greatest success for one of the largest 
 wholesale drug houses in Louisville, that 
 of Arthur, Peter & Vo. 
 
 Both of the above gentlemen have had 
 long experien(;e in the drug business, 
 and their practical knowledge of all its 
 branches and facilities for properly con- 
 ducting it are unsurpassed. 
 
 Architects. 
 
 CHAS. WIIEELOCK & SON, corner 
 Nineteenth ^t^eet and Third avenue. — 
 Among ilii' popular architects of our city 
 are proniimiit Messrs. Chas. Wheelock 
 & Son, who are most skillful exponents 
 of their profession. They have been es- 
 tablished in business since 1881, and by 
 superior work and equitable method's 
 have reared an extensive and prosperous 
 business. 
 
 The firm have executed much of the 
 finest work in their line in this vicinity, 
 and are respected and esteemed as repre- 
 sentative local exponents of their depart- 
 ment of skilled industry. Their elegant 
 offices are located in the Jackson Block, 
 corner Nineteenth street and Second 
 avenue. They furnish plans and speci- 
 fications for the erection' of all styles of 
 building sand are the supervising archi- 
 tects of the new courthouse and many 
 other buildings here. 
 
 Mr. Chas. Wheelock was born in 
 Charlestown, near Boston, Massachu- 
 setts, and was educated in"TSI^ew England. 
 When a young man he devoted himself 
 entirely to the study of his profession in 
 all its details, and is now an acknowledged 
 architect of great ability. Pie has had 
 practical experience, and, with unusual 
 talent and originality, has built up a 
 flourishing business. 
 
 Mr. H. B. Wheelock was born in Iowa 
 and received an excellent education in 
 San Francisco, California. He is fully 
 
100 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 prepared to execute or carry out any 
 architectural undertaking. 
 _ This firm is hekl in the highest estima- 
 tion l)y the community and have estab- 
 lished an enviable reputation among their 
 fellow men. 
 
 Stoues and Tinware. 
 
 W. L. KELLEY, 2007 Second avenue. 
 — Among the standard establishments of 
 the Magic City is that of Mr. Walter L. 
 Kelley, dealer in stoves and tinware, lo- 
 cated at No. 2007 Second avenue. The 
 business was established October 
 1, 18cS7, and occupies large and commo- 
 dious premises, 25x100 feet in dimen- 
 sions, two stories high. Mr. Kelley al- 
 ways keeps on hand a fine and full stock 
 of goods, and keeps the finest line of 
 stoves in town. He has all the well- 
 known and famous Baxter Stoves,"Belle," 
 "Pearl," "Dexter," "Jewell," "New Na- 
 tional," "Icoline," "Superior," "Eu- 
 reka," "New Pacific," "Southern Can- 
 non," "Favor," "Eclipse," "Palmetto," 
 "Victor," "Comfort," "Diamond," 
 "Irona" and "Wild Flower." 
 
 Mr. Kelley's business, from the very 
 start, has never diminished. This gen- 
 tleman, a native of Wilnnngton, North 
 Carolina, was for the period of six years 
 in the hardware business in this city, as 
 clerk to his brother, Mr. George C. 
 Kelley, in which capacity he gave 
 the most complete satisfaction. 
 Since establishing himself in this busi- 
 ness Mr. Kelley has, by energy and fair 
 dealing in all his contracts, built up a 
 business which is becoming more lucra- 
 tive every day. 
 
 Hughes Lumber and Manufacturing Co. 
 
 Tliis extensive business was founded 
 in 1887, and under enterprising and able 
 management has grown steadily in vol- 
 ume and importance, Mr. E. Eastman 
 
 being president of the company and Mr. 
 D. M. Smith general manager. 
 
 The company has always on hand tb& 
 best quality of .Siish, doors, blinds, stairs^ 
 stair-railing, balusters, jilain and fancy 
 moldings, etc., and deals at wholesale 
 in rough and dressed yellow pine and 
 poplar lumber, flooring, ceiling and sid- 
 ing. The saw-mill and planing-mills are 
 large and substantial structures, fully 
 e(iui])i)eil thrnuyhout with the latest im- 
 proved maciiinery and appliances. The 
 I>iant covers an extensive area, centrally 
 located, and shi23i)ing facilities are en- 
 joyed, second to none in the South. The 
 company has developed an extensive 
 trade and an influential connection, while 
 their reputation is of the most enviable 
 character. 
 
 The officers are autborities in this 
 branch of trade, and are natives of Ohio 
 and Alabama respectively. They have 
 ever retained the confidence of the lead- 
 ing commercial circles and are amply 
 qualified for conducting their extensive 
 enterprise with ever increasing success. 
 Birmingham may justly feel proud of 
 this representative enterprise. 
 
 Broilers and Commission IVIercliants. 
 
 EUGENE STOLLENWERCK & CO., 
 Morris avenue, between Twentieth and 
 Twenty-first streets. — Prominent among- 
 the industrial interests of the city of 
 Birmingham is the brokerage and com- 
 mission house of Eugene Stollenwerck & 
 Co., established by its present projn-ietors. 
 The location of the oliice and warehouse 
 is admirable, being on Morris avenue, 
 between Twentieth and Twenty-first 
 streets. The spacious warerooms measure 
 25x82o feet, being connected by elevator 
 for facilitating storage and shipping and 
 provided with telephonic appliances for 
 the prompt execution of all orders made 
 on the house. Eugene Stollenwerck & 
 Co. do a large brokerage and general 
 commission business for the sale of 
 country produce generally, consignments 
 of which are more especially received 
 from New York and the West. This 
 firm represents the four largest houses in 
 the United States — Armour & Co., 
 Chicago; Armour Packing Company, 
 Kansas City ; Armour-Cudahy Packing 
 Co., South Omaha; Arbuckle Bros. CoS'ee 
 Company, New York. 
 
 Mr. Eugene Stollenwerck was born* in 
 Greensboro, Alabama, and educated in 
 Selma. He has had four years' experi- 
 ence in the present business, having been 
 in the brokerage business in Selma for a 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 101 
 
 length of time, in the firm of H. H. 
 Stewart & Co. He is highly esteemed in 
 this community, his house occupying a 
 commanding position in the trade. 
 
 Galvanized Cornice, 
 
 JAS. B. HOPKINS & CO., 113 Twen- 
 ty-first street. — Messrs. Jas. B. Hopkins & 
 Co. established their present business in 
 June, 1886. They make a specialty of 
 galvanized iron cornice and mantels, 
 stoves, tinware, etc. The capacity of the 
 shops and factory is ample with the 
 very best facilities for shipping and 
 receiving their wares and goods. Their 
 premises at 113 Twenty-first street are a 
 three-story brick, 25x90, erected purpose- 
 ly for their business, and is both central 
 and commodious. The success of this 
 firm is the result of intelligent business 
 methods in the direction of their affairs 
 and consummate skill in producing the 
 best and most useful articles that the 
 housekeeper can desire, supplying a long 
 felt want in domestic economy. 
 
 Mr. Jas. B. Hopkins is from North 
 Alabama, and was with J. W. Hopkins & 
 Co., in Madison, Alabama, from 1869 
 until 1885. 
 
 Mr. Robert T. Hopkins is a native of 
 Alabama. He was for a number of years 
 previous to coming to this city identified 
 with the large house of the Phillips & 
 Buttorff" Manufacturing Company, Nash- 
 ville, and is well and formally known to 
 the trade of the several Southern States. 
 
 Land and Improvement Co. 
 BIRMINGHAM - ENSLEY LAND 
 AND IMPROVEMENT COMPANY, 
 
 office, Third avenue, between Nineteenth 
 and Twentieth streets. — In reviewing 
 Birmingham and sending out a history 
 of her finest and largest enterprises, we 
 find particularly worthy of mention the 
 Birmingham-Ensley Land and Improve- 
 
 ment Company, established in the year 
 1887._ 
 
 This enterprising and flourishing Com- 
 pany owns 441 acres of the choicest land 
 for building purposes southwest of Bir- 
 mingham. This land is eligibly located, 
 lying as it does between Bessemer and 
 Birmingham, the Bessemer Dummy Line 
 running through the jiroperty and con- 
 necting it with Birmingham. 
 _ As stated, the property is eligibly 
 situated. There is an abundant supply 
 of excellent spring water on this prop- 
 erty. Its location, geographically and 
 otherwise, is, indeed, desirable. Aside 
 from the named advantages, this property 
 is sold at very reasonable prices, the 
 prices varying in accordance with the 
 desirability of location, though there is 
 not a lot on the property not desirable, 
 nor one held at such a price that an hon- 
 est, working, poor man could not pur- 
 cha.se it. 
 
 This i^roperty is cheaper than any 
 other suburban property similarly and 
 as desirably situated in the neighborhood 
 of the Magic City and the thriving and 
 magical little city of Bessemer. 
 
 The low figures at which this property 
 is sold makes it especially desirable to 
 mechanics, laborers and other business 
 men who do business in Birmingham or 
 Bessemer, and to whom will be granted 
 special ticket rates over the Bessemer 
 Dummy Line. Not a few of the most 
 prominent business men of the Magic 
 City have bought lots of this Company. 
 
 During the month of January, 1888, 
 notwithstanding the quietness pervading 
 the general business community just at 
 that time, this Company sold 500 lots, 
 and could readily have sold more, but it 
 was considered advisable to take the 
 property off the market for a short time. 
 
 Reviewing, the beautiful and desirable 
 location, the excellent water, the travel- 
 ing and market facilities, and last, though 
 not leqst of all, the remarkably reasona- 
 ble prices for which it is sold this prop- 
 erty deservedly gives to its possessors the 
 boom or more properly the success which 
 they enjoy and makes it obviously an El 
 Dorado for not only the poor, who can 
 not afford to pay large rents, but also to 
 the wise, who see its many advantages. 
 
 It is the intention of the Company to 
 build up a suburb in this region for the 
 working classes. Houses for the work- 
 ing classes are here offered as cheap and 
 at as reasonable rates as can be gotten 
 anywhere in the neighborhood. 
 
 Mr. J. E. DuBois, the enterprising 
 president, was born in Greensborough, 
 
102 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Alabama. This trentleman is a Mason 
 and a Kni.<rht Templar. 1'he greater 
 portion of his life he has been interested 
 in manufactnring enterprises, and his 
 father was the inventor and inannfac- 
 turer of the celebrated " DuBois Flanged 
 Rib Cotton Gin," now being made in 
 Lonisville, Kentucky, under the name of 
 "Deering-DuBois," by Wm. Deering, 
 president of the F. D. Gin House Machine 
 Company. He now is interested in 
 manufacturing in Birmingham, and has 
 valuable interests in coal and iron lands, 
 the finest in the State, and is a great Ix-- 
 liever in Birmingham, the Louisville ik 
 Nashville Railroad and Vice-President M. 
 H. Smith, who to-day is doing much for 
 the country. 
 
 These gentlemen are well known for 
 their enterprise and public spirit and 
 business abilities, possessing the esteem 
 and confidence of all in the community. 
 
 Mr. C. T. Cooke, formerly of P^utaw, 
 Alabama, is Secretarj- and Treasurer. 
 Mr. Cooke has for some years Ijeen con- 
 nected with the manufacturing interest 
 of Birmingham, and has great faitli in 
 the future prosperitj' and growth of the 
 city, based upon facts, not fancies. 
 
 Their opinion is that the truth told of 
 a truly meritorious enterprise is suf- 
 ficient to give it all the encouragement, 
 support and indorsement it requires. 
 Correspondence is solicited, and personal 
 investigation, l)y all jiai-ties wishing such 
 assurance as would thus be gained con- 
 cerning the veracity of this article, would 
 by them l)e esteemed a favor. 
 
 This Company has a perfect title to all 
 their ]-)ropertj', and is free from del)t, and 
 is the happy possessor of a constantly in- 
 creasing account of credit Avith their 
 bankers. 
 
 Merchandise Brokers. 
 
 J. C. CLARK & CO.— Clark, Guild 
 & Co., established in 1885, and J. C. Clark 
 & Co. In October, 1887, they consoli- 
 dated under the present firm name. 
 They do a general merchandise and 
 manufacturers' brokers' business. They 
 corresjiond and transact business with 
 firms all over the South and West. The 
 annual business is of pro.sperous volume. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Clark was born in Hale 
 County, Alabama, and was formerly con- 
 nected with the Cincinnati Southern 
 Railroad. He afterward went to Waco, 
 Texas, where he engaged in the real 
 estate business, and married a Texas lady 
 of culture and refinement. 
 
 W. T. Guild was born in Nashville, and 
 
 is a son of George Guild, of the firm of 
 Guild it Reid. attorneys. 
 
 Mr. Guild wa.s formerly a bookkeeper 
 in this city. This firm is deservedly 
 among the most popular lirm of brokers 
 in the citv. 
 
 Architects. 
 
 A. J. ARMSTRONG & L. BUCK, 
 Room 27, Office Building. — The profes- 
 sion of the architect sliould be regarded 
 with special favor, and is, in this city, 
 for the i^eople have shown a laudable 
 ambition for the. erection of beautiful 
 and costly l)uildings. That this is the 
 case is abundantly shown by the success- 
 ful record of the architects here, and 
 notably among them, Messrs. Armstrong 
 & Buck, the widely and favorably-known 
 firm. 
 
 INIr. A. J. Armstrong is a native of 
 Brookfield, Massachusetts. He studied 
 architecture in Boston, where he has 
 lived most of his life, and where he 
 made it a special study, and of every 
 branch adjunct, which in any way could 
 be of benefit to him. He has achieved 
 a fine reputation since settling in Bir- 
 mingham in April, 1886. Mr. Armstrong 
 designed plans for the Charleston Block 
 at Bessemer, which is one of the most 
 attractive buildings in this section of the 
 country. He was employed l)y Captain ■ 
 John B. Eads, and has been employed 
 by the United States Government in the 
 chief signal office at Washington, andt 
 also in the New Orleans signal office. He 
 was employed five years at New Orleans 
 in the Louisville, New Orleans & 
 Texas Railroad as architect, chief 
 draughtsman and engineer. INIr. Arm- 
 strong came to this city under emiploy- 
 ment of the Kansas City Railroad. He 
 is .a member of the Western Asscuciation 
 of Architects, and Alabama Association 
 of Architects ; also of the Elks. 
 
 Mr. L. Buck studied drawing under 
 his father, an exjjcrienced artist of New 
 Orleans, and after leaving school entered 
 the ofiice of H. Thiberge, an architect of 
 New Orleans, since that period having 
 been head di-aughtsman for two of 
 the best architects in New Orleans. 
 Previous to his present partnership, 
 and while with another firm in this 
 city, he was the designer of the Mor- 
 ris and other buildings here. Mr. Buck 
 is a young man of decided talent, and is 
 rapidly rising to eminence in his profes- 
 sion. The firm recently submitted plans 
 for the Fort Worth Board of Trade build- 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 103 
 
 BOARD OF TRADE Bl'ILDING, FORT WORTH. TEXAS. 
 
 (Designed by Armstrong & Buck, Birmingham.) 
 
104 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 ing, and they were accepted over many 
 competitors. We present a view of tliis 
 edifice, which is a fair saiiii)le of their 
 work. Messrs. Armstrong and Buck are 
 prompt, rehable, and thorough masters of 
 their profession. We take pleasure in 
 mentioning this firm, and commending 
 them to public favor. Tlieir oftice is room 
 27, Office Building. They have a branch 
 office in Fort Worth, Texas. 
 
 The Law son Carpet Co. 
 
 In displaying in acompreliensive man- 
 ner the statistics and industries of Bir- 
 mingham, as intended in the iiresent 
 work, it is necessary to include the 
 industrial arts and professions as well as 
 the commercial interests of the city ; 
 and the carpet business occupies, with- 
 out doubt, a position, tlie importance of 
 which cannot be disputed. 
 
 The Lawson Carpet Company was 
 founded on the first of November, 1887, 
 and has, since its inception, occupied a 
 leading position among the retail houses 
 of Birmingham. The premises occupied 
 are very commodious, being 28x100 feet 
 in dimensions, built of brick and four 
 stories high ; they are, too, most con- 
 veniently located, being on the corner of 
 Twentieth .street and Third avenue* The 
 stock, which is as complete and varied as 
 can be desired, is beautifully arranged 
 and displayed with decided' taste, and 
 comprises the finest carpets, curtain 
 materials, upholstery goods, l;)rass furni- 
 ture, shades and American tapestries 
 made. The finest Turkish and Smyrna 
 carpets are, among various other kinds, 
 kept in stock. 
 
 Mr. William Lawson is a native of Bel- 
 fast, Ireland. This gentleman was form- 
 erly engaged in the same business in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, having lived 
 about twelve months in Birmingham. 
 
 Mr. Lawson, therefore, has, it will be 
 seen, had years' experience in the carpet 
 business, and thoroughly understands it, 
 having been engaged in it all his life. 
 He is a gentleman of high standing in 
 the community, and popular. In his 
 line he carries the best stock in Birming- 
 ham, and anything sold by him is inva- 
 riably as represented. 
 
 No firm in Birmingham is more worthy 
 of patronage and attention than that of 
 The Lawson Carpet Company. 
 
 Rolling Mills. 
 THE BIRMINGHAM ROLLING 
 MILL CO.MPANY.— One of the most 
 important industries known to the 
 
 South is that of the Rolling Mills whiclB*. 
 heads this article. The Birminghara 
 Rolling Mill Company was founded July 
 1, 18S0, and since that time has met 
 in every way with eminent success. The* 
 premises of these extensive mills occupy 
 ten acres, there being several large build- 
 ings of various dimensions on the 
 grounds. The machinery and boilers are- 
 of the most approved make of pattern. 
 The business of this firm extends ta- 
 every part of the United States. Nine- 
 hundred men are given employment, the 
 daily output of the mills being 140 ton.?- 
 of finished iron, whilst the weekly pay- 
 roll amounts to $10,000. This Company 
 manufactures every descrii)tion of iron,, 
 guaranteetl equal to the l)est Northern 
 work, namely: Merchant bar iron, shaft- 
 ing and tank iron, round edge tire, 1\. 
 tram and strap rails, horseshoe iron, 
 wagon angle and stay bolt iron, angle- 
 and plain fish bars, coal screen and saw 
 mill track iron, sheet, tank, jail, safe- 
 plate, Ijridge and plow iron, roofing iron, 
 bridge l)olts, etc., etc., a specialty being 
 made of blast furnace shell and stock, 
 iron. 
 
 To verify the above statement, that 
 these mills have met with most eminent 
 success since the first, we have only to- 
 mention that no less than three medals- 
 have V)een awarded to them from exposi- 
 tions held in various parts of America.. 
 In 1881 the International Cotton Exposi- 
 tion, held in Atlanta. Georgia, gave a 
 medal to them. In 1883, the Southern 
 Exposition, at Louisville, Kentucky, and 
 in 188-4, the World's Industrial and Cot- 
 ton Exposition, at New Orleans, awarded 
 them with a medal. Mr. James G. Cald- 
 well, a native of Louisville, Kentucky, 
 is the esteemed President of the Com- 
 pany. This gentleman is President, too, 
 of the Farmers' and Drovers' Bank of 
 Louisville. 
 
 Mr. B. du Pont, also a native of Louis- 
 ville, is the Secretary of the Mills, and 
 Mr. Thomas AVard, a native of England, 
 is the able IManager in general of the 
 Mills. 
 
 Mr. J. D. Dwyer, born at Newport, is- 
 Superintendent, and Mr. J. H. Mohus, a 
 native of Iowa, is the efficient salesmaiu 
 
 The above gentlemen are men of fine 
 character, prompt and energetic ; and in 
 conclusion, we do not think that we are 
 at all overstating things when we say 
 that for completeness of equipment and 
 quality of work done, as well as prompt- 
 ness in filling contracts, the Birmingharai 
 Rolling INIills will bear comparison wittt 
 any in the Union. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 105 
 
 Flouring Mill Co. 
 
 WHARTON FLOURING MILL 
 •COMPANY. — Among the industries of 
 Birmingham which deserve favorable 
 notice in our work, we notice particu- 
 larly the AVharton Flouring Mill Com- 
 pany, established in 1885. 
 
 These mills, started by the present 
 proprietors, have always maintained a 
 high reputation, so much so that they 
 have no competition, being the only mills 
 •of the kind in Birmingham. The build- 
 ing is three stories and a base- 
 ment, and is fitted up with the best and 
 most improved machinery and other ap- 
 pliances, all of which combine to make 
 the mills the equal of any in the South, 
 or elsewhere. The mills are on two 
 lines of railroads, thus having ample 
 iacilities for shipping with the greatest 
 ■dispatch. 
 
 Choice Family and Extra Family Flour 
 are manufactured here, their finest 
 brands being the " Queen of Patents," 
 ■" White Hou.se" and " Consolation" 
 roller process flours, of which they ship 
 thousands of barrels to all parts of Ala- 
 bama and the neighboring States. They 
 have a capacity of ;500 barrels of flour 
 every twenty-four hours, which can be 
 increased. 
 
 Mr. J. M. AVharton, President of the 
 Company, is a native of Montgomery. 
 This gentleman was engaged for twenty 
 years at Montgomery, in the furniture 
 business. 
 
 Mr. George F. Sedberry, the Secretary 
 and Treasurer, is an Alabamian, reared 
 in AVetumpka, fourteen miles from Alont- 
 gomery. He has been identifled in the 
 .grocery and provision trade for many 
 3'ears. For seven years he was in the whole- 
 sale grocery business in Montgomery, 
 and came to this city one year ago. len- 
 til recently he was bookkeeper for this 
 Company, and in January, 1885, was 
 elected Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 These gentlemen are men well-known 
 and resjjected, and their long experience 
 and general reputation entitle them to be 
 regarded as one of the representative 
 firms of Birmingham. 
 
 Architects. 
 ^Y. S. SMITH & CO., 1909A First 
 .avenue. — Architecture is the first and 
 oldest of all arts. The standing of any 
 •€omraunity as to culture and reflnement 
 is clearly and plainly announced by the 
 ■character of its dwellings and public 
 buildings. Few people realize what is 
 .involved in the make-up ami equijiment 
 
 of a really good architect. He must have 
 a liberal education, and be thoroughly 
 conversant with all the modern develop- 
 ments of science. He must have had a 
 special training of eye and hand for his 
 work, and must be familiar with all the 
 best work, ancient or modern, through- 
 out the civilized world. He must under- 
 stand the nature and properties of ma- 
 terial of all kinds. He must be a good 
 business man, and, above all, he must be 
 a man of integrity, that can be reliel 
 
 / 
 
 
 -f^ 
 
 upon with al)solute certainty, and one 
 from which contractors know that they 
 will receive exact justice. A firm filling 
 all these requirements is that of W. S. 
 Smith & Co., established in this city in 
 1S8(3, and located at 1909.V First avenue. 
 
 This Arm has designed plans for a great 
 number of residences and business houses 
 in the city: Dr. Burgamy, South High- 
 lands, two residences; W. F. Smith, H. 
 J. Grigg, E. Bandman, Kelly, Public 
 School (brick Iniildingi at Columbus, 
 Mississippi ; H. R. Johnston, Zion 
 Church, Alabama Club Building, and 
 numerous other of the finest residences 
 and stores in the city, too numerous to 
 mention. 
 
 Mr. W. S. Smith is a native ot Augusta, 
 Georgia. He is a ^lason. Mr. Smith 
 was educated at Montgomery, Alabama, 
 but .studied architecture under Mr. Sam- 
 uel Sloan, of Philadelphia. His daugh- 
 ter. Miss Sallie T. Smith, is the junior 
 member of the firm. She was born at 
 Columbus, Mississippi, and has studied 
 architecture under the able guidance of 
 her father. She graduated at Verona 
 College, Mississippi. 
 
 An architect has one great advantage 
 — his work always speaks for him. In 
 conclusion, we can but recommend those 
 contemplating building operations to 
 place their orUers for plans and specifica- 
 
106 
 
 NoKTH Alabama. 
 
 tions with this hunora))le and responsible 
 firm, a credit in every way to the pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Iron Works. 
 
 BIRMINGHA^NI IROX WORKS.— 
 
 Birmingham, among her other thriving 
 industries, can boast of iron works and 
 foundries wliich, for completeness of 
 their equipments, the variety of their 
 manufactures, and the reputation held by 
 them throughout the South, need not 
 fear comparison with any in the Union. 
 Among these, by far the most important 
 and complete in every respect, are the 
 Birmingham Iron Works, which consti- 
 tute one of the features of the city. 
 These works were established in 1882, 
 and comjjrise a foundry building 50x150 
 feet in dimensions, a machine shop 50x 
 100 feet, and a pattern shop 50x50 feet. 
 One hundred hands are employed. 
 
 They manufacture water and gas pipes 
 of all sizes, steam pumps, all manner of 
 castings, mill gearing, shafting, pulleys, 
 liangers, cotton presses, and, in fact, all 
 machinery in general which is manufac- 
 tured l)y a first-class estal)lishment. 
 
 Upward of nine tons of pii)e are. 
 turned out daily by these extensive 
 works, which are equipped with the 
 most modern and improved machinery, 
 whilst all contracts and orders are 
 promptly tilled, invarial)ly to the satis- 
 faction (jf purchasers. 
 
 The work elfected here has a deserved 
 reputation throughout the Soutli. 
 
 The firm enjoys advantages which en- 
 able it to defy all competition, and the 
 attention of millowners and others is 
 drawn to the liberal inducements which 
 thev olier. 
 
 The members of the firm are 3Ir. John 
 T. Hardie and Mr. William' Hardie. The 
 former gentleman is President of the 
 Works, and lives at New Orleans, at 
 which place he is in the cotton and com- 
 mission business. He is, also. President 
 of the Mutual National Bank, of New 
 Orleans. 
 
 His son, ]\Ir. William Hardie, Secre- 
 tary, Treasurer and General ^lanager of 
 the Works, lives at Birnnngham, and 
 suiterintends all the business of these 
 extensive Works. 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, Etc. 
 WILLIS & RANDALL, No. 404 South 
 Twentieth street. — The importance of 
 the dry goods trade as a factor in 
 commercial prosperity can scarcely be 
 overestimated, and in a review of this- 
 character this special branch of business- 
 should be noticed at more or less length. 
 Among the more recent additions in this 
 line to this city's already long list of 
 houses, we would make special mention 
 of IVIe.ssrs. Willis ct Randall, who are 
 located at No. 404 South Twentieth street. 
 Their storeroom is a handsome one, com- 
 modious, attractively arranged, and is 
 supplied with all necessary comforts and 
 conveniences. The stock embraces a full 
 line of dry goods, notions, hosiery, laces, 
 ribbons, ladies' and gents' shoes, hats, 
 etc., in short, all articles usually found 
 in a first class dry goods establishment. 
 These goods are sold at the lowest prices 
 and belter value cannot be found in Bir- 
 mingham. Messrs. Willis & Randall 
 employ several courteous salesmen, and 
 have built up a large trade through their 
 prompt and upright transactions toward 
 all. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 107 
 
 Mr. "Willis is from South Carolina and 
 for a number of years was a traveling- 
 salesman. 
 
 Mr. Eandall was Ijorii in Baltimore ; 
 has bad a long and successful career. 
 Both gentlemen are energetic, possessed 
 of superior ability and stand well in com- 
 mercial circles. 
 
 Whiskies, Brandies, Wines, Etc, 
 
 E. OPPENHEIMER & CO., No. 120 
 Twentieth street, between First and Sec- 
 ond avenues. — Birmingbam is now re- 
 garded as one of the leading distril^uting 
 points South and a most important 
 wbolesale trade center. Many large job- 
 bing houses have located here, among 
 them the firm of E. Oppenheimer & Co., 
 wbolesale dealers in whiskies, brandies, 
 wines, etc. The business conducted here 
 is a branch of the long-established and 
 poiMilar house of the same name at Louis- 
 ville, Kentucky. Several years ago this 
 branch bouse was opened here, and from 
 the first it bas enjoyed an unusual degree 
 of prosperity. 
 
 The fact of possessing a large business 
 in the " Falls Cit}%" the greatest whisky 
 trade center in America, and po.ssessing 
 ample capital, enaliling them to buy in 
 large quantities for cash, it will be at 
 once seen that the house here can ofter 
 inducements to its customers not easily 
 duplicated. 
 
 The location of their place of business 
 is at 120 Twentieth street. North, and 
 here may be found a large and complete 
 stock of whiskies, brandies, wines, cigars, 
 etc. 
 
 The house carries a line of the best 
 and cheapest, the specialties being: 
 "Kentucky Bourbon," " Chas. Nelson's 
 liincoln County and Corn "Whisky" and 
 " Pennsylvania Rye." Also a complete 
 stock of gins, brandies, wines and all 
 kinds of fine liquors, both domestic and 
 imported. In addition, the bouse carries 
 a complete assortment of domestic, Key 
 West and imported cigars, in which they 
 have a large trade. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 J. T. RICHARDSON. — Conspicuous 
 among the oldest inhabitants and the 
 business men of Birmingham, is Mr. J. 
 T. Richardson, real estate agent, located 
 at lOlOi Second avenue. 
 
 Mr. Richardson makes a specialty of 
 the care and management of estates and 
 other property, and to the rental of 
 houses and the collection of rents his 
 personal attention is paid. He is a mem- 
 
 ber of the Stock Exchange, and transacts 
 a large business in buying and selling 
 stocks. He is a native of Alabama. Mr. 
 Richardson is a Free Mason, and is an 
 attorney-at-law, though he does not 
 practice at the present time. This gen- 
 tleman deals Avith the greatest prompti- 
 tude with anything in the real estate 
 business, in regard to renting, l:>uy- 
 ing and selling. He is a man well known 
 in this portion of the country for bis 
 integrity, fair dealing and business abili- 
 ties 
 
 Constructors and Consulting Engineers, 
 
 BACON & JACKSON, First avenue, 
 between T\A'enty-first and Twenty-second 
 streets. — Birmingham is the recognized 
 headquarters in the South for the most 
 widely-known and experienced mining 
 engineers and contractors, and the largest 
 houses for supplying mill, mining and 
 furnace machinery. In listing the men 
 identified with this class of enterprises 
 we call special attention to the firm of 
 Bacon & Jackson. The building occupied 
 by them is on First avenue. It is a brick 
 structure, 50x825 feet, and is admirably 
 adapted for the purpose used. A track 
 runs near the doors, thus obviating the 
 necessity of rehandling all machinery. 
 They handle machinery of tlie largest 
 make, and in this specialty are practically 
 without competition in the State. They 
 make a specialty of not only furnishing 
 but erecting heavy mining and furnace 
 machinery, and in this section of the State 
 have done an enormous amount of work. 
 In stock is kept sporting and blasting 
 powder, dynamite and wood-working and 
 saw-mill machinery of every kind. This 
 Company is also sole agents for a system 
 of overhead traveling crane, so that ma- 
 chinery may be moved to any part of the 
 store and loaded on tracks or trucks in 
 the street. They represent Kingsland & 
 Douglass ^Manufacturing Company, St. 
 Louis; the John H. McGowan Com- 
 pany, Pumps, Cincinnati ; Hooker-Col- 
 ville Steam Pump Company, St. Louis ; 
 the Egan Company, Cincinnati. 
 
 Mr. J. E. Brow'n, the manager, is a 
 native of Brooklyn, and for many 
 years has been a most successful me- 
 chanical engineer, traveling for the 
 "IngersoU Rock Drill Company," and 
 subsequently with the "Sergeant Rock 
 Drill Company." Mr. Brow'ii is a 
 machinist and engineer by profes- 
 sion. He has traveled extensively of 
 late years in connection with mining and 
 
108 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 railway plants, having visited some of 
 the largest in the United States. 
 
 As contractors and engineers Bacon & 
 Jackson are able, experienced and relia- 
 ble, and as business men they occupy a 
 position in the foremost rank of commer- 
 cial circles. 
 
 Coal, Timber and Mineral Lands. 
 HATCH, MERIWETHER & CO.— 
 
 Those persons interested in the coal, 
 timber and mineral lands of the South 
 may find some of the best properties of 
 that description represented by Hatch, 
 Meriwether & Co. They devote especial 
 attention to this part of their real estate 
 business, making it the first considera- 
 tion to become thoroughly acquainted, 
 so far as possible, with their properties. 
 Beingadvantageously located at Birming- 
 ham they hold well-in-hand much of 
 the coal and mineral lands of Alabama 
 and Georgia, and fine cypress and hard 
 wood forest^ of the entire South. Tlie 
 firm of Hatch, Meriwether & Co. has been 
 engaged in a general real estate business 
 since August, 1886, and have handled 
 city and suburban properties ably and 
 conservatively. They stand endorsed 
 by Governor Seay, of Alabama, Senator 
 Morgan, of the same State, and First 
 National, Alabama National, and Bir- 
 mingham National Banks, of Birming- 
 ham. Correspondence solicited. L. ]J. 
 Hatch, Alabama; Gilmer Meriwether, 
 Kentucky; F. B. Deane, Virginia. 
 
 Broilers and Commission /Merchants. 
 
 HARWELL & RUDISILL, Brokers 
 and Commission Merchants; office and 
 warehouse, Morris avenue, between 
 Twentieth and Twenty-first streets. — 
 The trade of the broker and commission 
 merchant is one of the most important 
 factors in the growth of metropolitan 
 commerce, and many of the ablest busi- 
 ness men are profitably engaged in this 
 line. In this connection, as a represent- 
 ative city house, we must mention that 
 of Messrs. Harwell & Rudisill, which, 
 though but established on the 1st of 
 January, 1888, has done a most satis- 
 factory business. The location of this 
 firm is an eligible one, the ottice and 
 warehouse l)eing on Morris avenue, 
 between Twentieth and Twenty-first 
 streets. The warehouse, two stories 
 high and aliout 25x100 feet in size, is 
 supplied with all requisite facilities for 
 the advantageous handling and display 
 of stock, and large consignments of staple 
 commodities are daily received from the 
 
 numerous outside patronage. Specialties 
 of this enterprising establishment are 
 pork products, corn, oats, hay, bran, flour, 
 sugar and coffee. Salesmen are kept 
 busy in the interests of the business, the 
 house enjoying an extensive and decid- 
 edly prosperous trade. Mr. S. F. Har- 
 well is a native of Kome, Georgia, and 
 his partner, Mr. W. L. Rudisill, of Mis- 
 si.s-sipiji. During their location in this 
 city these gentlemen have won the ut- 
 most esteem in commercial cii'cles, and 
 ai'e popularly numbered among Bir- 
 mingham's deservedlj^ successful mer- 
 chants. 
 
 Mercliant Tailor. 
 C. THOMSEN, corner Twentieth street 
 and First avenue. — Among the leading 
 houses whose energy and enterprise have 
 given conspicuous position to the trade of 
 merchant tailoring is that of Mr. C. Thom- 
 sen, the successor of C. Thomsen & Co. 
 This worthy gentleman, a native of Den- 
 mark, was establisheil in this city in Au- 
 gust, 1SS7. Ever since the inception of 
 business he has met with an admiral)le 
 trade. He is located in one of the 
 most central and eligible business 
 blocks here, occupying, as he does, a 
 fine second-story room in the Hewlett 
 Block, on the corner of First avenue and 
 Twentieth street. He always has on 
 hand a nice line of dress and business 
 suitings. He employs a force of skilled 
 workmen only, and makes a specialty of 
 fine work, being a cutter of many years' 
 experience. Mr. Thomsen is a member 
 of the Knights of Labor. 'J'his gentle- 
 man never fails to give the greatest .satis- 
 faction to all patrons, being a thoroughly 
 competent and practical man of business 
 in his line. 
 
 Insurance and Real Estate Agency. 
 
 DANGAIX & THROCKMORTON, 107 
 Nineteenth street, between First and 
 Second avenues. — The justly poi)ular 
 agency of Dangaix & Throckmoiton was 
 established in March, 18.S7. They suc- 
 ceeded the enterprising firm of AV. F. 
 Smith & Co. and Smith A Dangaix, and 
 have added largely to the well estab- 
 lished trade of the former house. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Dangaix, the pojnilar senior 
 member of the firm, was born in Phila- 
 delphia, and has had the <>xperience of a 
 first class insurance agent, having been 
 in the business for five j-ears. Mr. 
 Dangaix was reared in Brunswick, 
 Geoi-gia, and is a gentleman of personal 
 worth. 
 
Birmingham 
 
 109 
 
 Mr. Throckmorton is a Kentuckian, 
 :and is from the famous "Blue Grass" 
 region. He is well ami favorably known 
 here, as he was with the Louisville & 
 Nashville Railroad, as agent, here for 
 xnany years. He is a man of superior 
 ability. 
 
 This firm makes a specialty of insur- 
 .ance, representing some of the strongest 
 •and best known companies in the world. 
 
 In real estate they keep posted as to 
 prices and can offer inducements to buy- 
 ers either in city or country property or 
 mineral lands — coal and iron properties. 
 These gentlemen are young men, full of 
 ■energy, enterprise an<i public spirit, and 
 .have always been found identified with 
 every enterprise looking to the growth 
 ■and progress of the city. 
 
 Furniture and Undertakers' Supplies. 
 
 E. ERSWELL, 112, 11-1 and 116 North 
 Nineteenth street. — There are some es- 
 tablishments in this city whose long and 
 steady career, heavy and extensive trans- 
 actions and solid business qualities, make 
 them landmarks in tiie history of the 
 past and prime factors in the prosperity 
 •of the present. Such a one is that of 
 Mr. Erswell. This gentleman com- 
 menced business in this city in 1872, and 
 Jrom that time has enjoyed an en- 
 viable reputation for excellent and skiJl- 
 :ful work. He now carries one of the 
 largest and most carefully selected stocks 
 to be found in any establishment similar 
 ■to this in the South, embracing all kinds, 
 styles and qualities of furniture. He also 
 •carries a full and complete line of car- 
 pets, shades, wall paper and undertakers' 
 supplies. The prices asked in every de- 
 partment are so reasonable as to "have 
 gained for the house the reputation of 
 being the cheapest furniture establish- 
 ment in Alabama. Mr. Erswell is per- 
 .fectly acquainted with the wants of the 
 -Southern trade, experienced in every de- 
 tail of the manufacture of furniture and 
 possesses a fine factory. The building is 
 a handsome three-story brick structure, 
 .75x100 feet in dimensions. 
 
 ]\lr. Erswell was born in Ohio, and has 
 been a resident of this city nearly twenty 
 3'ears, during all of which time he has 
 been closely identified with the com- 
 merce and trade of the t;ity and her 
 mineral welfare and prosperity. Few 
 hou.ses anywhere can show so successful 
 and honorable a business career, or have 
 •obtained so widespread and enviable a 
 rejHitation for uniform (;ourtesy. fair deal- 
 ing. and liberal policy. 
 
 V^ 
 
 Cigar Store. 
 THE ALHAMBRA— The finest and 
 most successful cigar house in this 
 citv is, no doubt, the Alhambra, located 
 on'Twentieth street, estaljlished in 1887. 
 The well-arranged premises are elegantly 
 fitted up, the exterior of .store being pret- 
 tily decorateil in terra cotta. This enter- 
 l^rising house keeps always on hand the 
 finest imported and Key West cigars. 
 Fine meerschaum goods and briar pipes 
 are specialties of the house. Whatever 
 is sold here is of the very best quality, 
 and is as reasonable in price as anywhere 
 
110 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 in the city. Mr. I. Forst, the affable man- 
 ager of the house, has Iwen a resident of 
 the city eight years, he being a native of 
 Germany. This gentleman belongs to 
 the Blue Lodge of ]Nhisons, Royal Arch 
 Chapter, and Council of Masons, Knights 
 of Honor, Knights of Pythias, is an Odd 
 Fellow, and belongs to the I. O. Free 
 Sons oi' Israel and I. 0. B. B. He is a 
 gentleman of excellent character and of 
 sterling (lualities, and thoroughly de- 
 serves the large cigar business he has 
 ever had in Birmingham from the time 
 he embarked in the enterprise. 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance, 
 
 WILSON, IMARTIN & LEEDY, 118 
 Twenty-iirst street. — The rapid and won- 
 derful growth of Birmingham and her 
 present ])n)Si)erity is mainly due to the 
 energy, ability and wide-awake spirit 
 exhibited by her real estate dealers. 
 Through their influence the advantages 
 of the city and the great mineral wealth 
 in the adjoining fields and mountains 
 have been heralded far and near, and has 
 resulted in attracting thither scores of 
 investors from other sections of the 
 Union. In this good w<jrk no firm has 
 been more prominent than A\'ilson, Mar- 
 tin & Leedy, of 118 Twenty-first street, 
 the leading real estate, insurance, stock 
 and bond brokers A brief sketch of 
 the firm may not prove uninteresting. 
 
 The partnership was instituted Jan- 
 uary, 1887, and though not yet two years 
 old the position accorded them in com- 
 mercial circles is a most flattering one, 
 and one enjoyed rarely except by old 
 established firms. 
 
 The business conducted by Messrs. 
 Wilson, Martin & Leedy is thoroughly 
 systematic, and divided into three de- 
 partments : Real estate, insurance and 
 stock brokers. 
 
 In realty, thev are well equipped, 
 being supplied with full information 
 respecting properties, both residence and 
 mineral. They have a long list of cheap 
 and desirable jiroperties, and being good 
 judges of values, purcliasers would find 
 themselves safe in the hands of such 
 men. 
 
 As insurance agents they represent 
 the oldest and largest companies in 
 the world, among them the ".Etna" 
 and " Phcenix," of Ihirtford ; Pluenix, of 
 New York, and the " Home Protection 
 of North Alabama." The aggregate cap- 
 ital of these and others is $20,000,000. 
 They are fuUv prepared to give the low- 
 est rates, and can i,ssue a new form of 
 
 policy, which will save the insured 50 
 per cent, on the old plan. 
 
 In money, stock and bond brokerage 
 the firm enjoys special facilities, and 
 keep hourly posted on all fluctuations in 
 the market. They buy and sell stocks, 
 bonds, etc., discount paper and make 
 loans. 
 
 Respecting the personnel of the firm, 
 w'e will state that Mr. J. T. Wilson is an 
 Alabamian, and has been identified with 
 the history and growth of Birmingham 
 since it was first laid oft" in the woods 
 seventeen years ago. He is regarded here 
 as one of the best authorities on all mat- 
 ters pertaining to i-eal estate. His busi- 
 ness ex})erience has been one series of 
 gratifying successes, due to his ability, 
 prudence and energy. 
 
 Mr. E. T. Martin is also a native of 
 this State, and was for many years 
 engaged in the insurance- business in 
 Eufaula, the firm name being Dean & 
 Martin. Ho is a master in this special 
 line of business. 
 
 Mr. W. B. Leedy is a native of Mis- 
 sissippi, and for seventeen years was 
 connected with the house of W. R. Rison 
 & Co., bankers, Huntsville, Alabama, 
 and is a thoroughly trained banker and 
 broker. Tlius constituted and backed 
 by ample capital the firm is a strong one, 
 and one which must continue to grow 
 and increase in popularity with the busi- 
 ness public. They refer to the following: 
 First National Bank, this city ; Capital 
 State Bank, Jackson, Mississippi ; 
 Eufaula National Bank, Eufaula, Ala- 
 bama, and W. R. Rison & Co., bankers, 
 Huntsville, Alabama. 
 
 Dry Goods and Fancy Notions. 
 
 GIFFORD & KNOWLES.— One of 
 the most poi)ular and representative busi- 
 ness establishments in this city is that of 
 Giftbrd & Knowles, dealers in dry goods 
 and fancy notions. The house was 
 founded under the present auspices in 
 1881, from the start having been a favor- 
 ite supply depot for the surrounding 
 trade. This fiourishing firm occupies a 
 fine two-story brick structure, 25x140 
 feet in dimensions. In the conveniently 
 appointed salesroom is displayed one of 
 the fini'st assortments of goods to be met 
 with in the city trade. 
 
 The finest Hamburgs, edgings, em- 
 broideries, spring lawns, and a full stock 
 of dress goods, household linen goods, 
 towels, table linen and napkins are spe- 
 cialties of the firm. A most experienced 
 corps of clerks are employed. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Mr. C. T. Gifford was born in Massa- 
 chusetts. This gentleman is a Free Mason. 
 He was raised in youth CaroHna, but has 
 spent thirty years of his life in Aber- 
 deen, Mississippi. 
 
 Mrs. K. K. Knowles is a resident of 
 New York. This estimable lady resides 
 at No. 77 East One Hundred and Twen- 
 ty-seventh street. One Hundred and 
 Twenty-seven Canal street, New York, 
 is the buying office of Giffbrd & Knowles- 
 
 The members of this firm are thor- 
 oughly conversant with all the details of 
 their business, and their house has 
 always been regarded from its tirst days 
 as a decidedly leading and representative 
 one in its line. 
 
 Real Estate, Stocks and Bonds. 
 
 ALLEN, CARLISLE & TAYLOR, 
 1827 Second avenue, between Eighteenth 
 and Nineteenth streets. — If there is any 
 one business which is now showing forth 
 the wonderful advancement of the State 
 and the many advantages and resources 
 possessed by this city, it is the real estate 
 business. 
 
 The well-known and solid firm of 
 Allen, Carlisle &, Taylor, established in 
 March, 1887, and successors to Allen & 
 Thomas, are, by general consent, regarded 
 as among the foremost and most enter- 
 prising agents of Birmingham. The 
 office is centrally located at 1827 Second 
 avenue, between Eighteenth and Nine- 
 teenth streets, opposite the Florence 
 Hotel, and contains maps, charts, and 
 every possible convenience that can aid 
 the members of the firm in their efforts 
 to serve their jjatrons. These gentlemen 
 deal largeh^ in stocks, bonds and secu- 
 rities, and do all business in the real 
 estate line. In addition to the above 
 they carry on a very extensive wholesale 
 lumber business in Alal>ama and the 
 surrounding States. 
 
 Mr. D. F. Allen is a native of Putnam 
 County, Georgia. This gentleman, before 
 entering into the real estate business, 
 was manager of the New Flome Sewing 
 Machine Company, at Birmingham. 
 
 Mr. J. A. Carlisle is a native of Cham- 
 bers County, Alabama, and has latterly 
 been in the general merchandise busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Mr. A. T. Taylor, also, is a native of 
 Chambers County, Alabama, and is a 
 member of the Knights of Pythias. 
 Until fifteen years of age he was on the 
 home farm, and then was clerk for five 
 years in a large dry goods store in Ala- 
 bama, after which "he traveled for three 
 
 years for a New York house, and then 
 for a year and a half for a Philadelphia 
 house. 
 
 The above are all gentlemen of high 
 character and good business qualities, 
 and it is for these reasons that this firm 
 has acquired a wide reputation for the 
 uniform courtesy and hospitality shown 
 to strangers. 
 
 Real Estate, Rental and Insurance Agents. 
 
 GREGORY & BRYAN, office, Elyton 
 Land Company's Building. — Tiie growth 
 and prosperity of the Magic City is due 
 in a great measure to the untiring en- 
 ergy, promptness and enterprise of its 
 real estate firms. Among these must be 
 mentioned the popular and influential 
 firm of Messrs. Gregory & Bryan, whose 
 wide and extended experience in this 
 line of business enables them to offer 
 substantial advantage to both large and 
 small investors. This firm is undoubt- 
 edly among the leading and most promi- 
 nent real estate, rental and insurance 
 agents and loan brokers in the city of 
 Birmingham. The establishment of this 
 enterprise dates back to 1885, when Mr. 
 Gregory opened an office, which was, 
 from its inception, a marked success. 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Bryan was received into 
 partnership. The offices of this firm are 
 in the Elyton Land Comjjany's Building, 
 where they are prepared to transact all 
 business in this line. They pay special 
 attention to negotiating loans on bond 
 and mortgage, collecting of rents and 
 care of property for non-residents. They 
 have developed a trade of great magni- 
 tude, dealing in rich timber, mineral 
 and agricultural lands, desirably located 
 business and residence pi-operty, vacant 
 lots, cheap suburban lands, etc. 
 
 Those acting upon their accurate 
 knowledge of the market, and being 
 guided by their sound judgment and 
 judicious advice, can rely on securing 
 bargains. They have carried many suc- 
 cessful and important transactions 
 through, and are in every way fitted for 
 the extensive business they are engaged 
 in. 
 
 Mr. E. V. Gregory is a native of Ala- 
 bama, and has always been identified 
 with the growth and prosperity of Bir- 
 mingham, having settled here in 1871. 
 He built and occupied the tirst house 
 built in the city, when the streets were 
 being laid out and graded. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Bryan, Jr., until engaging in 
 the present enterprise, farmed exten- 
 sively in Mrginia, and at present owns 
 
112 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 large vineyards near Charlotteville, in 
 that State. 
 
 Both the gentlemen of this firm are 
 poijuhir, honorable business men, and 
 are representative men of the city. 
 
 Harness and Saddlery. 
 
 A. C. KECKLING, First avenue, be- 
 tween Nineteenth and Twentieth streets. 
 The saddlery and harness manufacturing 
 establishment of A. C. Keckling was 
 established in this city in 1884 by the 
 genial and popular proprietoi', and in 
 the rapid and magic growth of Bir- 
 mingham he has been an important 
 factor. Mr. Reckling is a thoroughly 
 practical saddler, and gives to the busi- 
 ness his personal and constant attention. 
 The saddles and liarnesses manufactured 
 in this establishment are always tirst 
 class and reliable and j)i'iees satisfactory. 
 He employs six to eight hands and makes 
 a specialty of hand-made work. A large 
 stock of goods is always kept on hand, 
 and the invariably low terms obtained 
 -at this establislnuent have made it the 
 favorite source of supply for a wide sec- 
 tion of the country, liepairing of every 
 description is given prompt attention. 
 All hand work is warranted for one year, 
 -and we are sure tiiat customers can ob- 
 tain the be.st value for their money. 
 
 Ml". Reckling was born and educated 
 in Germany, and Selma, Alabama, was 
 his former home. This gentleman is an 
 honored Knight of Pythias, live, ener- 
 getic, and in business circles is estab- 
 lished as a leader in this line of business. 
 
 Real Estate Agent. 
 
 O. L. WILLIS, Room 14, Office Build- 
 ing, 2015 First avenue. — Mr. 0. L. Willis 
 is one of the well-known men in the real 
 estate business in the city of Birming- 
 ham, although he has only been estab- 
 lished here for a couple of years. His 
 office is conveniently located, at Room 14, 
 in the Office Building, 2015 First avenue. 
 He transacts all business pertaining to 
 the buying, selling and renting of real 
 estate, the collection of rents being a 
 specialty. He has the best of references: 
 The Jefferson County -'Savings Bank, First 
 National Bank, Berney National Bank 
 and Messrs. Francis & Chenoweth. 
 
 Mr. Willis is anative of Sumter county, 
 Alabama. He formerly was engaged in 
 the mill and luml)er business. He is 
 energetic and industrious, conversant 
 -and familiar with all the details of the 
 real estate business, and deserves the 
 success he enjoys. 
 
 Real Estate, Stock and Bond Brokers, 
 
 W. E. FERRYMAN ct CO., successors 
 to Ferryman & Dearborn, real estate, stock 
 and bond brokers ; office, Alabama Na- 
 tional liank. — Among the active and 
 enterprising business firms whose ef- 
 forts conduce so largely to the welfare, 
 growth and prosperitj' of Birmingham is 
 tluit of W. E. Ferryman & Co., succes- 
 sors to Ferryman t*t Dearborn. This is 
 recognized as one of tiie leading firms in 
 the real estate busint*ss, and those who 
 are guided by the judgment and judicious 
 advice of W. E. Ferryman & Co. can 
 rely upon securing pi-o])erties that must 
 inevitably rise in value and prove re- 
 munerative investments. The business 
 was established in 188(3, and has con- 
 stantly grown in magiutude each month. 
 This firm offers the most substantial in- 
 ducements to capitalists in desirably 
 located business and residential prop- 
 erty in the city and suburbs, also lands 
 near in, by the acre, having a rapid pros- 
 pective value, and they also make a 
 specialty of negotiating loans on bond 
 and mortgage, and sell strictly on com- 
 mission the bonds and stocks of the 
 corporations which have become suc- 
 cessfully established in their midst. The 
 office of this firm is in the Alabama 
 National Bank building, a handsome 
 three-story brick structure 50 x 150 feet in 
 dimensions. Those persons desiring in- 
 formation, or wishing to transact any 
 business in their line, will find the most 
 polite and prompt attention. Mr. W. E. 
 Ferryman, the head of this firm, is a 
 native of Mobile, and has all the advant- 
 ages of a fine business e<lucation com- 
 bined with a wise foresight in all com- 
 mercial transactions. The gentlemen 
 connected with this enterjn-ise are men 
 of ability, experience and sterling integ- 
 rity, and are deserving of their marked 
 success. 
 
 Druggist. 
 
 J. W. HUGHES, corner Nineteenth 
 street and Second avenue. — The well 
 known and popular pharmacy of J. W. 
 Hughes, on the corner of Nineteenth 
 street and Second avenue, was established 
 in 1881. His stock is large, compris- 
 ing a complete assortment of drugs, 
 medicines, chemicals, toilet articles, pat- 
 ent medicines, perfumery, etc., enabling 
 him to supply readily and at fair prices 
 anything for which there is a ])ublic 
 demand. 
 
 The prescription department is under 
 his immediate control, his twenty years' 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 113 
 
 experience enabling him to compound, 
 with accuracy and care, either physi- 
 cians' pre.scriptions or family receipts. 
 
 The business occupies a three-story 
 brick building, 25x80 feet, one of the best 
 furnished in the city. 
 
 Dr. Hughes joined the First Tennessee 
 Regiment Infantry, C. S. A., December, 
 1861, was afterward transfered to Ninth 
 Tennessee Cavalry, surrendered at 
 Gainesville, Alabama, May, 1865, and 
 returned home at Columbia, Tennessee, 
 before he had arrived at the age of 18 
 years, which makes him the youngest 
 man who was in the Confederate army, 
 and who was in active service the same 
 length of time. 
 
 Dr. Hughes was born in Mt. Pleasant, 
 Tennessee. He is a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity. Knights of Pythias, 
 and several other secret orders. During 
 his residence in Birmingham he has be- 
 come very popular with all classes of citi- 
 zens, and in his business has met with a 
 success surpassing his most sanguine 
 expectations. 
 
 He is a skillful and accomplished drug- 
 gist, and an agreeable gentleman, en- 
 dowed with fine business and executive 
 ability. He has been identified with the 
 drug trade for the past twenty years, and 
 is a thoroughly practical druggist and 
 theoretical pharmacist. 
 
 Lumber and Milling. 
 
 AVONDADE LUMBER AND MILL- 
 ING CO., Avondale, Aalbama. — There is 
 no more important business in any city 
 than a well-conducted lumber and mill- 
 ing establishment, and none of more 
 benefit to its citizens and the surround- 
 ing country. The well-known Avondale 
 Lumber and Milling Co. was established 
 on the 26th day of December, 1886. They 
 manufacture doors, door-frames, mold- 
 ings, laths, banisters, posts, etc., and 
 deal in all kinds and grades of lumber. 
 They are well prepared to do work at 
 liberal rates, as their advantages for se- 
 curing material are first-class, two of the 
 proprietors of the Company having been 
 in the lumber business for some years. 
 They employ twenty hands, and are 
 rapidly becoming noted for superior 
 work, their machinery being of the 
 newest and most improved make. This 
 Company employs skillful men as assist- 
 ants, and any orders left with them will 
 receive prompt attention. Mr. Peyton 
 G. King, President of the Company, was 
 born in Alabama, and his name is as 
 familiar as any in Birmingham or the 
 
 State, as being that of a man possessed 
 of the finest business capacities and 
 splendid public-spiritedness. S. P. King,. 
 General Manager of the Company, was 
 formerly employed on the Louisville 6c 
 Nashville Railroad, and then was in the 
 saw business at Steele's Depot, and at 
 Mobile, Alabama, on the Louisville & 
 Nashville Railroad. He now gives the 
 greatest possible satisfaction as Superin- 
 tendent of the above Company. Well 
 known and respected by all, possessing- 
 extensive business connections, and 
 always prompt and reliable, parties deal- 
 ing with these gentlemen will find their 
 rates as reasonable, and their work equal,, 
 to any done elsewhere. 
 
 Painters. 
 
 VEST BROTHERS.— The Vest Bros, 
 are the best artists in their line in the 
 city, having a very extensive trade all 
 over this portion of the country. These 
 enterprising gentlemen located them- 
 selves in Birmingham in 1886, and ever 
 since embarking in their enterprise liave 
 met with splendid success. They do a 
 general business of painting in every 
 sort of sign work, a specialty of the house 
 being fresco painting. Their premises 
 are admirably situated in the city, at the 
 corner of First avenue and Twenty-first 
 street, where they occupy the second- 
 story room. Fresco decorations, designs, 
 and the painting of public halls, churches, 
 and private dwellings are done in the 
 best manner, in all of which work they 
 are thorough and conscientious artists. 
 
 Mr. T. F. Vest, and his brother, Mr. 
 J. W. Vest, are natives of Alabama. 
 They have had a life-long experience in 
 this business, and, therefore, are thor- 
 oughly acquainted with all the details of 
 the business. They were educated in 
 the art at Cincinnati, Ohio. This house, 
 since its inception, has taken a leading 
 place. By the superb quality of their 
 work these gentlemen have made a meri- 
 torious success, as well as by the superi- 
 ority of their work and the faithful fill- 
 ing of all contracts. 
 
 Brokers in Grain, Provisions, Stocks and 
 Cotton. 
 
 STOCKTON & CO.— One of the best 
 houses in this city doing a large and 
 flourishing brokerage business is that of 
 Stockton & Co., established on January 
 1, 1888. The location of this enterprising 
 firm is at No. 2026 Second avenue, in the 
 center of the city. The business of 
 
114 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Stockton & Co. from its very start has 
 been most favoral)le and daily increases. 
 An immense hrokerajiv hnsiness is done 
 in ^rain, iirovisions, stocks and cotton. 
 Orders for the purchase or sale of wheat, 
 corn, pork and short ribs in Chicago and 
 stocks and cotton in New York for future 
 delivery are executed with the greatest 
 promptitude. 
 
 The success of this comjiany is owing 
 to M. L. .Stockton, who is a veteran at 
 the business. This gentleman was en- 
 gaged for live years in Kansas City in 
 the same business, which he carried on 
 -with eminent success. He is a native of 
 Kentucky. By his energy and fine busi- 
 ness capacities, he has secured an envi- 
 able reputation for his firm, his experi- 
 ence being as ample as his facilities are 
 l»erfect. Business is promptly disposed 
 of by this firm and satisfaction guaran- 
 teed' The firm is an extremely enter- 
 prising one, and I\Ir. Stockton is a genial 
 and popular gentleman, specially quali- 
 fied for his line of trade, and has achieved 
 marked success. 
 
 Houiard College, 
 
 located at East Lake, one of the beauti- 
 ful and healthful suburbs of the city of 
 Birmingham, is the Baptist male school 
 of the ytate of Alabama. 
 
 The college is the property of the Bap- 
 tist State Convention, and is governed 
 by a Board of Trustees a]ipointed by this 
 body. The property and money sub- 
 scriptions belonging to the college are 
 valued at $200,000 and the gift of land 
 companies and citizens of the Birming- 
 ham district. The East Lake Land Com- 
 pany presented the college sixty acres of 
 land, on which the new buildings are to 
 be erected, and on which work is to begin 
 at once. The college was founded in 
 1843, and located at INlarion, in NV'est 
 Alabama. It l)elongs to the first rank of 
 Southern colleges. An endowment of 
 $150,000 was lost, as a result (^f the late 
 war between the States. By authority 
 of the State Convention, the college was 
 removed from Marion to its present loca- 
 tion, oi)ening its first session at East 
 Lake October 1, 1887, and matriculating 
 157 students. The new location is con- 
 sidered by the friends of the college to 
 be one of the best on the continent. 
 
 It is situated above the drainage of the 
 city, near a beautiful lake, on a splendid 
 eminence at the very foot hills of Red 
 Mountain, and supplied with abundance 
 of ])ure water. The school at present is 
 using temporary buildings, but work will 
 
 begin at once on a magnificent main 
 building, to cost $60,000, and other build- 
 ings will follow. 
 
 For the study of chemistry, metallurgy, 
 mineralogy, geology, mechanics and sur- 
 veying, the location alone presents un- 
 surpassed advantages. With Birming- 
 ham as its patron, its friends exi)ect for 
 it a wonderful career. Its halls are open 
 to all honest students ; no religious creed 
 is forced upon the students. 
 
 FACULTY 1887-88. 
 
 Thomas J. Dill, LL. T)., Professor of 
 Latin and Greek. 
 
 A.D.Smith, A.M., Brofessorof Mathe- 
 matics. 
 
 George W. INIacon, A. M., Professor of 
 Physics and Chemistr}'. 
 
 B. F. Giles, A. B., Professor of English. 
 
 1\. J. Waldrop, A. B., Professor of the 
 Preparatorv Department. • 
 
 Jno. P. Shaft'er, D.D., Financial Secre- 
 tary. 
 
 Thomas J. Dill, LL.D., Dean of the 
 Faculty. 
 
 Machinists. 
 
 THE LOMB & HERSHEY COM- 
 PANY, Twenty-first street, between 
 First and Second avenues. — Since the 
 establishment of this company, June 1, 
 1887, its success has been remarkable. 
 Its business has constantly increased 
 until it has become in its special line one 
 of the representative concerns of the 
 State. The spacious and well- arranged 
 warehouse is eligibh' located on a line of 
 railroad, thusafiording convenient trans- 
 portation facilities. This fact is a great 
 saving in the cost of handling goods, 
 especially heavy machinery, engines, 
 etc. The office is on Twentj' -first street, 
 between First and Second, and is fitted 
 up in attractive style. The otficei-s of 
 this Company are men of good business 
 re))utations. Mr. W. M. (Traham, the 
 President, is a son of Hon. E. I). Graham, 
 of Cartersville, Georgia. His fine exec- 
 utive ability, energy and business quali- 
 fications have secured for him highest 
 favors in commercial circles. Mr. G. 
 W. C. Lomb, the Secretary and Treas- 
 urer of the Com})any, has the double 
 advantage of lieing not only one of the 
 best financiers and business men, but is 
 a mechanical engineer of national repu- 
 tation. There is peihajis no expert in 
 the South who has more influence or 
 who is better authority on matters per- 
 taining to his profeasion than Mr. Lomb. 
 He is a close student, and has had more 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 115 
 
 than twenty-three years practical ex- 
 perience, and has saved for his customers 
 who consulted his opinion thousands of 
 ■dollars. Much of the success attained 
 by this Company is due to his efforts and 
 through liis knowledge of machines. Mr. 
 Xomb is also President of the Three 
 Rivers Coal and Iron Company, a notice 
 of which appears below. This Com- 
 23any makes a specialty of railroad sup- 
 plies, every style of engines, boilers, saw 
 mills, tools and equipments for foundries 
 and machine shops, woodvvorking ma- 
 chinery, cisterns and railroad water 
 tanks, brick machinery, hydraulic, poAver, 
 and hand elevators; church, school and 
 fire bells ; rolling mill and furnace ma- 
 chinery and supplies ; all kinds of plan- 
 tation machinery, implements, etc. This 
 firm claim to be the only house in the 
 South who sell uniformly at manufac- 
 turers' net prices. Don't pay more for 
 old machinery than they ask for new. 
 They are in the field to stay, and are 
 better prepared now than ever to serve 
 the public with promptness and on 
 reasonable terms. . 
 
 Coal and Iron. 
 
 THE THREE EIYERS COAL AND 
 IRON COMPANY.— This Company was 
 organized and charter issued January 7, 
 1887, when the following officers were 
 elected: G. W. C. Lomb, of the Lomb 
 & Hershey Company, President; S. A. 
 Ellis, Warrior, Alabama, Secretary, and 
 J. Brake, Warrior, Treasurer. 
 
 The Comjiany has about four thou- 
 sand acres of fine mineral lands located 
 twenty miles from Birmingham, on the 
 new projected Bessemer and Huntsville 
 Railroad. Three thousand and one hun- 
 dred acres of this property is coking 
 coal, seven hundred acres of brown and 
 red hematite ore, and two hundred acres 
 of limestone, all practically in one body. 
 The red iron ore assays 60 per cent, 
 metallic iron, and the brown ore 57 per 
 cent, with but a slight trace of phos- 
 phorus. This property is directly on 
 the line of the new railroad which will 
 be built this year. The property is a 
 valuable one, and will soon be either 
 placed on the market or developed by 
 the Company, 
 
 Groceries, 
 
 T. M. FERRYMAN, No. 219 North 
 
 Twentieth street. — This popular house 
 
 M^as established :March 22, 1887. It is 
 
 < one of the many fine grocery stores here, 
 
 and appeals strongly to public patronage. 
 The proprietor, Mr. T. M. Perryman, 
 keeps a large and well selected stock of 
 the choicest staple and fancy groceries 
 and everything pertaining to a first-class 
 grocery store. No better line of goods 
 in this line is kept in the city, and all 
 his goods have the name of being of fine 
 quality and underrate in price. The 
 storeroom is 18 x 50 feet in size. 
 
 Mr. Perryman was born in Munroe 
 County, Alabama. He was formerly in 
 the real estate, stock and bond business 
 in this city with his brother. The ef- 
 ficient manager, Mr. A. F. Medine, is a 
 native of Louisiana. Tliis gentleman is 
 thoroughly acquainted with all the de- 
 tails of the business, having had a life- 
 Ions; experience, and the success of the 
 house is due largeh^ to his superior man- 
 agement. These gentlemen, by paying 
 close attention to business and the re- 
 quirements of patrons, have built up a 
 large and prosperous trade, and have 
 won the confidence of the soinmunitv. 
 
 Hptels. 
 
 MAGIC CITY HOTEL, Morris avenue 
 and Fourteenth street, L. W. IMcCants, 
 proprietor. — Probably no feature of a 
 community is more conducive to a favor- 
 able impression among casual visitors 
 than that represented by hotel accom- 
 modations. In this respect the city of 
 Birmingham is especially favored, as 
 located in her midst are some of the 
 best to be found within the State, The 
 Magic City Hotel, located corner of ]\Ior- 
 ris avenue and Fourteenth street, was 
 opened during the present year. It is a 
 handsome frame building, three stories, 
 and contains fifty comfortable rooms, 
 well ventilated and neatly furnished. 
 Mr. McCants, a native of ^Yalterboro, 
 South Carolina, is the enter])rising pro- 
 prietor. Plis house is chiefiy for rail- 
 road employes, to whom he ofiers the 
 most reasonable terms. The hotel is 
 furnished throughout in exceeding good 
 taste and style, and equipjied with all 
 the modern adjuncts of safety and com- 
 fort. Mine Plost bears a splendid 
 character, and by aljle management has 
 secured a large and fast increasing cus- 
 tom. He is highly popular with the 
 patrons of the house, and contributes 
 much to its desirability as a home for 
 the traveling public. Mr. L. W. Mc- 
 Cants is the Master of Trains for the 
 Louisville & Nashville Railroad, and is 
 one of the most competent and efficient 
 men in the service. He came to the ser- 
 
116 
 
 vice of this road in July, 
 1872, commencing as 
 trainman, and was soon 
 successively promoted to 
 brakeman and conductor. 
 Subsequently he was for 
 six years conductor ol' 
 passenger trains. In 18S-{ 
 he was promoted again 
 to freight and ticket 
 agent and stationed ai 
 Decatur, and in 1880 wa.s 
 further promoted to Train 
 Master and transferred 
 to Nashville, and in Sep- 
 tember. 1887, lie was again 
 recalled to Birmingham 
 and made Master of Trains. He is a faith- 
 ful oriicial and deserves the success he 
 has won. 
 
 Provisions. 
 
 THE ROYSTER PROVISION CO., 
 
 Twentieth street, opposite Union Depot. 
 — The business conducted by this Com- 
 pany is distinctive in its character, and 
 until established by them here last 
 spring (1888) was unknown to Birming- 
 ham. They are jobbers in provisions 
 and dealers in general packinghouse pro- 
 ducts, and since its commencement the 
 firm has become an important factor in 
 trade circles. The Company handles 
 only the choicest Sioux City, Iowa, meats. 
 Their meats are pure, fresh, and not 
 washed in any compound or mixture, 
 but are transferred directly from refrig- 
 erator cars to the Company's large re- 
 frigerators built specially for this pur- 
 pose. The location of the Company's 
 building is on the line of railroad and is 
 centrally located on Twentieth street, 
 opposite the Union Depot, and is fitted 
 up with all modern conveniences and 
 facilities. The articles handlwd comijrise 
 everytliing in the line of packinghouse 
 products, dressed' beef and fresh meats 
 of all kind being specialties. They deal 
 largely also in provisions, and sell only to 
 dealers. The scope of trade is large and 
 the business is rapidly extending 
 throughout this and the adjoining States. 
 A specialty of the house is shipping fresh 
 meats by express, and parties in adja- 
 cent towns are invited to correspond and 
 get prices. The dressed meats of the 
 Royster Provision Company come from 
 the finest stock raising district in the 
 world, being all choice corn-fed, and 
 killed and dresseil in the most scientific 
 manner by skilled butchers. Quotations 
 are given on all D., S. and S. C. meats in 
 
 NoKTH Alabama. 
 
 Magic City Hotel. 
 
 carload lots or less. They are sole and 
 exclusive agents in the Southern States 
 for Silverhorn &. Company, of Sioux 
 City; Lincoln, Nebraska, and Chicago, 
 and quote prices the same as can be ob- 
 tained at headquarters. They receive 
 hy telegraph the Chicago Board of Trade 
 quotations on ribs, lard and pork. Par- 
 ties needing anything in this line would 
 do well to telegraph or write them, and 
 to ascertain prices, as customers will 
 save money V)y purchasing from them. 
 Mr. N. C. Royster, the President and 
 Manager, is a native of Yazoo City, 
 Mississippi. He is a man of superior 
 business qualifications, of remarkable 
 energy, and sUmds high in commercial 
 circles and in the estimation of the public. 
 
 Gents^ Furnishings. 
 
 ROCKETT & BLYTHE.— The popu- 
 lar business house of Rockett & Blythe 
 succeeded the firm of Bates Bros, in 1884:, 
 and since that time has enjoyed a flour- 
 isliing trade in the city and tlie adjacent 
 country. From this establishment a 
 gentleman can supply himself with all 
 the necessaries for a stylish and neatly 
 dressed man. They have all the articles 
 and novelties for men's wear. The finest 
 gloves, handkerchiefs, scarfs, shirts, etc, 
 etc., are kept on hand. The tailoring 
 department is first class in every respect, 
 a perfect and satisfactory fit being guar- 
 anteed. The shoe and boot department 
 is a novelty in its way. Here you can 
 find n fit in either the cheapest or finest 
 goods. 
 
 This firm is composed of intelligent 
 and bonoralile business men, who thor- 
 oughly understand the art of pleasing 
 customers. 
 
 Both gentlemen are natives of Jeffer- 
 son County, and are popular and suc- 
 cessful. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 117 
 
 Insurance and Brokers. 
 
 ft:NOTT & DAUGHTRY, General 
 Insurance Agents and Brokers, Second 
 avenue. — The importance of Birming- 
 ham as a great financial and commercial 
 center cannot be more forcibly demon- 
 strated than by reference to her flour- 
 ishing insurance interests. The city 
 affords favorable openings for the use of 
 large capital in this line, and one of the 
 best firms of which it boasts in this con- 
 nection — one managed with signal ability 
 and sound conservatism — is that of 
 Messrs. Knott & Daughtry. The firm 
 was established in March, 1888. Their 
 offices are located on Second avenue, 
 between Twenty-first and Twenty-second 
 streets. This firm represents some of 
 the best, wealthiest and largest insur- 
 ance companies in the United States, 
 and can offer inducements to customers. 
 They take risks in both fire, accident 
 and life insurance, and pay and adjust 
 all losses or claims immediately. As 
 brokers they have special facilities for 
 obtaining daily market quotations. They 
 buy and sell stocks, bonds, ptc, on order. 
 A general fire, life and accident insur- 
 ance and brokerage business is trans- 
 acted. 
 
 Mr. Richard F. Knott, formerly of 
 DuMont & Knott, is a native of Ala- 
 bama. For some time he was assistant 
 cashier at the First National Bank of 
 Mobile. 
 
 Mr. Claude I. Daughtry was born in 
 Wetumpka, Alabama. He lived at 
 Opelika from 1870 to 1882, and attended 
 the Agricultural and Mechanical Col- 
 lege at Auburn from September, 1883, to 
 June, 1885. 
 
 Messrs. Knott & Daughtry are men of 
 prompt business methods. Their firm 
 to-day is regarded as one of the most 
 progressive in the city, and is a happy 
 addition to that strength and energy 
 Avhich is driving Birmingham forward to 
 a place among the sister cities of the 
 Union little imagined by her people a 
 few years ago. 
 
 Coal Tar and Products. 
 
 GEO. F. WHEELOCK.— Among the 
 specialties in manufacturing enterprises 
 that of George F. Wheelock, distille of 
 coal tar and products and manufacturer 
 of oxide paint, creosote stains, etc., and 
 dealer in roofing materials, is deserving 
 of special notice. For a long time the 
 tar produced in the distillation of coal 
 was not only considered of no value, but 
 entailed upon the gas works a large ex- 
 9 
 
 pense in its destruction or its removal, 
 and the utilization of this waste is of re- 
 cent origin. The office, sheds and every 
 requisite for the immense business are 
 located at the corner of Twenty-third 
 street and Avenue A, South. The firm 
 was established in 1887. The bulk of 
 the business is in producing pitch or 
 composition of different grades, as made 
 for use in roofing and in "painting of dif- 
 ferent kinds. The goods manufactured 
 by this firm have a reputation for excel- 
 lence excelled by nootlier makers in this 
 country. 
 
 I\Ir. Wheelock was born in New York 
 State, and is a son of the well-known 
 architect, Charles Wheelock, of this city. 
 Formerly he was extensively engaged in 
 the metal business. 
 
 Since establishing the business here 
 his firm has attanied great prominence, 
 no distiller of coal tar having better facili- 
 ties for handling raw material than that 
 of Geo. F. Wheelock. 
 
 Fine Confections. 
 
 THE BIJOU.— Among the confection- 
 aries in this city is that of Mr. Harry 
 E. Phillips, located at 2023 Second ave- 
 nue. This business was founded in 
 February, 1888. The store is well known 
 as '' The Bijou," noted for its fine con- 
 fections, creams, pastry, cakes, etc. .which 
 are manufactured of the best quality and 
 unexcelled in purity and flavor. The 
 store is beautifully lighted with electric 
 lights, and, by general consent, is 
 considered the prettiest store of 
 its kind in the city. There may be found 
 a delightful ice cream parlor, a specialty 
 of the house being Robin Jones Cream- 
 ery Company's celebrated ice cream. 
 Other specialties are Oakes' candies, 
 Arctic soda, etc. 
 
 Mr. Phillips was born in Huntsville, 
 Alabama. He worked for a time, before 
 embarking in his present enterprise, in 
 the Caldwell Printing Works. He is 
 to be congratulated on his success in his 
 new concern, which now is one of the 
 leading houses of the kind in the city. 
 
 Watches, Jewelry, Etc. 
 
 GLUCK & BLACK.— Not only in the 
 mineral district, but throughout our 
 prosperous State, we often hear the name 
 of two men, who, by their brilliant suc- 
 cess, now take a prominent and leading 
 stand in the jewelry trade of Alabama. 
 The business was started early in 1885, 
 by Mr. AVm. Black, a watchmaker o 
 
118 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 the Swiss school, who, by his sliill and 
 uprightness, soon gained a wide circle of 
 friends for himself. In March, 1886, be 
 was joined b^' Mr. Gluck, an excellent 
 jeweler of many years' experience, and 
 who is now known as the diamond ex- 
 pert of the well-known firm of Gluck & 
 Black. Their name has, by this time, 
 hecome a household word in many a 
 Southern home, and on many a clock or 
 fine piece of silverware the article re- 
 minds the beholder that it comes from 
 Gluck & Black, and consequently must 
 be tirst-clasH in every respect. As it 
 speaks well for the popularity of the 
 firm, it may also be added that in 
 September, 1887, they were ajipointed 
 watch inspectors for the South and North 
 Divisions of the Louisville & Nashville, 
 rendering in this capacity the most ef- 
 ficient services to all parties concerned. 
 Of accurately adjusted time-pieces they 
 have, in this part of the State, the largest 
 stock, and they have special facilities for 
 the most intricate repairing and rating of 
 fine watches. All such work, as well as 
 diamond mounting and other jewelry 
 work, is done on the premises, their 
 shop being on the top floor, right above 
 the salesroom, 2012 First avenue. 
 
 We close our sketch by saying Bir- 
 mingham may be justly proud of such 
 an establishment as that of Gluck & 
 Black's. 
 
 Insurance, Real Estate, Etc. 
 
 DUNN & PHELPS, Insurance, Real 
 Estate, Stocks and Bonds, Room 16, 
 Office Building, First avenue. — One of 
 the leading houses doing business in in- 
 surance, real estate, stocks and boni's is 
 that of Messrs. Dunn & Phelps, estab- 
 hshed in this city on the 1st of Decem- 
 bei-, 1888, and located at Room 16, Office 
 Building, First avenue. This firm, from 
 the day of its starting business, has done 
 well, and everything pertaining to in- 
 surance, real estate, stocks and bonds, 
 they give attention with all promptitude. 
 The collection of rents is a specialty. 
 This house succeeded Messrs. Dunn & 
 Cawthon. Mr. F. C. Dunn is a native of 
 Virginia. He formerly was connected 
 in a prominent way with coal mines. 
 Mr. Dunn was the first to set the Royal 
 Insurance Company into action in this 
 city. Mr. I. W. Phelps, his partner, was 
 born in Nansemond County, Virginia. 
 This gentleman was in business for ten 
 years in Virginia. This firm, through 
 its fair dealings and good business prin- 
 ciples, which have always characterized 
 
 it, is rapidly taking the lead in its lin§ of 
 business. Messrs. Dunu <& Phelps are 
 men of high character, and none stand 
 better in the community in any way 
 than they. 
 
 Tobacco and Cigars.. 
 
 H. W. PERRY & CO., Tobaccos and 
 Cigars, Twenty-first street. — H.W.. Perry 
 & (Jo. are the most widely known tobac- 
 conists in the South, and supply the de- 
 mands of this section of the couJitry with 
 the finest grades of tobacco and cigars. 
 They are manufacturers' agents and 
 wholesale dealers only. They estab- 
 lished this business in 1883, and have 
 so successfully carried on their trans- 
 actions on strictly business principles 
 and honorable methods as tO' command 
 an enormous trade. Their business house 
 is athree-story brick, 30x100, onTwenty- 
 first street, and is regarded by the city 
 and surrounding country as being the 
 very best tobacco center in the place. 
 This firm is composed of H. W. Perry, 
 who is a native of Marion, Alabama, 
 J. J. Hooper, a native of Georgia, 
 but now residing in Selma, Alabama, who 
 is also engaged in the wholesale gix>cery 
 business with C. W. Hooper & Co., and 
 Samuel Perry, who was born in Marion, 
 Ala., and was formerly railroad agent 
 at Selma, Alabama. This popular firm 
 possesses the energy and stability of 
 three of the most successful business, 
 upright and honorable men of the times. 
 
 Real Estate Brokers. 
 
 GILMER & RENCHER.— Among the 
 many firms in the real estate business in 
 this city none stand higher or merit a 
 niore prominent place than that of 
 Messrs. Gihner & Rencher, who are es- 
 tablished in the Office Building, on First 
 avenue, and came to this city in the fall 
 of 1886. This firm does an enormous 
 business in real estate, buying and sell- 
 ing mineral, timber and pine and farm 
 lands in all quantities. They have lands 
 of every description in all sections of 
 Alabama, w'hich they sell at the most 
 moderate and reasonable of terms. 
 
 Mr. Gilmer was born in Lowndes 
 County, Alabama, where he was tax as- 
 sessor for the period of seven years, and 
 where he farmed for a considerable time. 
 
 Mr. Claude B Rencher, also, was 
 born in Lowndes County. He was en- 
 gaged in teaching for the greater portion 
 of his life. 
 
 Everything in connection with the rea' 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 119 
 
 ■estate business is attended to by this 
 firm with the greatest promptness. By 
 the exercise of great commercial ability, 
 ■combined with a straightforward system 
 •of business, the firm of Gilmer et Eencher 
 has attained a prominence accorded to 
 few in the great commercial world. 
 
 Produce and Commission. 
 
 J. SHAHAN. A well-known and 
 
 prominent house in its particular branch 
 of commercial activity is that of Mr. J. 
 Shahan, established in 1884, and located 
 on Morris avenue, between Twenty- 
 second and Twenty-third streets. Mr. 
 Shahan is a wholesale produce and com- 
 mission merchant, and does a large 
 business throughout Alabama. The spa- 
 cious and commodious warehouse is 
 built of brick, is three stories in height 
 and 25 x 82 feet in dimensions. Everything 
 necessary for the advantageous hand- 
 ling and display of stock is in the ware- 
 house, and large consignments of pro- 
 duce are daily received from the im- 
 mense outside patronage. 
 
 Mr. Shahan is a native of Tennessee, 
 and has resided in this State seven 
 years. He is an able and most enter- 
 prising business man. He keeps several 
 salesmen busy in tlie interests of his 
 business. He is justly popular in com- 
 mercial circles as an amply qualified and 
 conscientious business man, and deserv- 
 edly enjoys the confidence and esteem 
 of all with whom he is brought in con- 
 tact. 
 
 Liuery Stable, Etc. 
 
 TROUSDALE & SONS, First avenue, 
 between Twenty-first and Twenty-second 
 streets. — A well-equipped and well-con- 
 ducted livery establishment is an im- 
 portant acquisition to the business and 
 pleasure facilities of any community, 
 and in this connection we mention the 
 popular establishment of Trousdale & 
 Sons' livery, feed, and transfer stables, 
 located on First avenue, between Twen- 
 ty-first and Twenty-second streets. This 
 business was commenced by the present 
 firm in 1887, and subsequent to that 
 time has been flourishing. 
 
 The premises consist of a brick build- 
 ing 100 X 140 feet in dimensions, and is 
 fitted up with all the modern conve- 
 niences, every facilit}'^ being at hand for 
 conducting the business. First-class 
 single and double teams, also saddle 
 liorses, are furnished at liberal rates. 
 
 Special attention is given to boarding 
 
 stock, and teams for traveling men are a 
 specialty. 
 
 Prompt attention is also given to mov- 
 ing furniture. This is one of the largest 
 stables in the city, and enjoys a very 
 liberal patronage. 
 
 W. F. Trousdale, Sr., was born in 
 Lauderdale County, Alabama. He has 
 l)een identified with the present business 
 for many years, four years of which have 
 been successfully spent in Birmingham. 
 
 W. F. Trousdale, Jr., was also born in 
 this State. He has always been in this 
 business, and shows by his skillful man- 
 agement that he merits the success which 
 has crowned his efforts in this enter- 
 prise. 
 
 These gentlemen are model business 
 men, of whom any community would feel 
 proud. 
 
 Machinery. 
 
 MINNEGERODE & ELLERBE, 2017 
 First avenue. — Among the standard es- 
 tablishments of this city is that of Min- 
 negerode & Ellerbe, dealers in railway 
 supplies, pig iron and machinery. Their 
 large warehouse is on Avenue A, near 
 Seventeenth street. They are agents 
 for some of the best manufacturers in 
 the country. As agents of the New 
 Albany Rail Mill Company, they carry a 
 large stock of light rails, weighing 8, 10, 
 12, 16 and 20 pounds per yard. They 
 also carry the largest stock of railroad 
 spikes in the South and supply all of the 
 roads centering here. 
 
 This firm is also the exclusive agents 
 of the I. G. Brill Car Company, of Phil- 
 adelphia, whose cars are known every- 
 where for their superior qualities. 
 
 Another very valuable agency which 
 they have is the Erie Iron Works, 
 whose engines and boilers are deservedly 
 very popular. 
 
 They are also the agents for the Knox- 
 ville Car AVheel Company, not only for 
 their wheels, but for their hoisting 
 engines, steam hammers, cupolas, etc. 
 They have most desirable agencies for 
 wire rope, belting, shovels, picks, cotton 
 waste, and a full line of supplies, which 
 they carry in stock. They are large 
 shippers of pig iron, coal and coke, and 
 have customers in every Southern State. 
 
 They are always ready to name the 
 lowest price for any weights of steel rails, 
 and will pay cash at all times for old iron 
 rails or scrap iron of any kind. They 
 are prompt and reliable business men. 
 Their office is 2017 First avenue. 
 
120 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Fish, Oysters and Game. 
 
 ]\r. MULLER, 208 Twentieth street 
 North, and 216 Twentieth sfi-eet Soutli.— 
 The importance of getting the best and 
 freshest lish, oysters, game, bntter, and 
 other commodities vvhicli form so import- 
 ant a part of onr food, is recognized by all. 
 One of the most reliable and cheapest 
 places at which tliese can be obtained is 
 the well-known honses of M. Mnller, 
 situated at No. 208 Twentieth street 
 North, and 216 Twentieth street South 
 Side. 
 
 ]Mr. Muller is a native of Charleston, 
 South Carolina, where he was engaged 
 in the hay and grain trade. He estab- 
 lished his house in Birmingham Novem- 
 ber 1, 1886, and has since done a large 
 ■wholesale and retail trade, selling to 
 dealers in all the towns within a radius 
 of seventy miles of this city. 
 
 He is a gentleman of energy, industry 
 and superior business cajiacity in every 
 ■way. 
 
 Buying, as he does, from the best deal- 
 ers and in large quantities, and having 
 ample capital, he possesses advantages 
 which enable him to sell at the lowest 
 prices. His fish, oysters, game, butter, 
 etc., etc., are always fresh, and kept in 
 refrigerators winter and summer. 
 
 Dealers throughout the Stale can find 
 no better house with which to open cor- 
 respondence, and we bespeak for his 
 business a liberal patronage. 
 
 Bakers. 
 
 OZANNE & TAYLOR, opposite post- 
 ofhce, Nineteenth street. — The promi- 
 nent and well-patronized bakery con- 
 ducted by Messrs. Ozanne & Taylor, 
 although established as recently as 
 April, 1887, has attained a success and 
 popularity rarely excelled. 
 
 The building in which their large busi- 
 ness is conducted is a four-story brick 
 20x100 feet, and located directly oppo- 
 site the postoffice on Nineteenth street. 
 The firm are the largest manufacturers 
 of bread in the State. Their- celebrated 
 milk bread, which is made of purest Jer- 
 sey milk, is universally popular. 
 
 They supply this famous bread to Bir- 
 mingham, and all i)arts of Alabama and 
 adjacent States. This bread originated 
 with this house, and is regarded by con- 
 sumers the best and purest made. 
 
 The firm are also manufacturing a fine 
 line of every variety of fancy candies, in- 
 cluding as a specialty, caramels, choco- 
 lates and hand-made creams. These 
 goods are pure, jtlid made fresh daily, 
 
 and are guranteed to give satisfaction to> 
 all. The firm employ eighteen hands^ 
 and have a large patronage, which is. 
 daily increasing. They sell at retail to 
 customers only who visit the store, and 
 to merchants principally in wholesale- 
 lots. 
 
 Captain Ozanne is a native of France^ 
 and a man who is esteemed and resi)ect- 
 ed universally. He was formerly in the- 
 printing business in Nashville, in which 
 city he now owns a fine bakery in part- 
 nership with Mr. Taylor. 
 
 The latter gentleman is a native of 
 Nashville, and until coming here was- 
 with the Nashville' house. He has the 
 management of the business here, which^ 
 under his direction,, has grown to large- 
 proportions. 
 
 The firm are conversant with every de- 
 tail of the business, and fully deserve- 
 the succe!<s their energy and thrift have- 
 achieved. 
 
 Confections. 
 
 JOHN MANEGOLD, 214 North Twen- 
 ty-first street. — This fiourishing business- 
 was established by John jManegold Feb- 
 ruary, 1888, and from that date the busi- 
 ness has been most successful. The 
 premises occupied are most eligibly 
 located at 214 North Twenty-first street. 
 
 Mr. Manegold is a manufacturer of 
 fine confections, and does an immense 
 business, retail and wholesale, in foreign 
 and domestic fruits and nuts. He is 
 agent for show cases and candy jars, and 
 none better can be gotten in the citj'- 
 than at this store. Among other things 
 he manufactures are Boston chips, nut 
 chips, butter cups, wafers, caramels^ 
 fruit tablets, nougets and bon-bons. Alt 
 goods fresh everj' day. 
 
 An aflable and experienced saleslady- 
 is always to be found ready to serve cus- 
 tomers. 
 
 Mr. Manegold is a practical manufac- 
 turer of 7 years' experience. His success 
 since he has been in this city being a 
 substantial index of his enterprise and 
 business capacity. 
 
 Baliery. 
 
 HEINS & ROTHENHOFFER, Pro- 
 prietors, 2027 Second avenue. — The Ex- 
 celsior Bakery at 2027 Second avenue, is 
 all the name implies. Since its establish- 
 ment in 1886, by Mr. J. E. Heins, it has 
 attained a well-merited degree of public 
 favor, owing to the general excellence of 
 the merchandise handled, and the aea- 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 121 
 
 sonable prices at which the confectionery 
 iind other food products can be obtained. 
 Here may be found everything to tempt 
 the palate, and the most fastidious taste 
 cannot fail to be satisfied with the varied 
 assortment of bread, cakes, confections, 
 candies, etc., etc. All goods are fresh, 
 no stale stock being worked off on custo- 
 mers. 
 
 Mr. Heins. the affable proprietor, is a 
 native of Macon, Georgia. Previous to 
 removing to this city he was engaged in 
 the same business in New York, Phila- 
 delphia and Boston, under the best con- 
 fectioners, and came liere to build up a 
 first-class trade, and furnish the people 
 with everything in his line. 
 
 Both Messrs. Heins and Rothenhoffer 
 are men of tact and enterprise, and by 
 rendering themselves popular they have 
 made their store one of the most "attrac- 
 tive resorts in Birmingham. 
 
 Staple and Fancy Groceries. 
 
 BOGGAN & THORNTON, Third ave- 
 nue and Twentieth street. — The grocery 
 business is the most important of all 
 mercantile pursuits, and we make no 
 apology for giving so much of our space 
 to the merchants engaged in this partic- 
 ular branch of commercial activity. 
 
 There are to be found in tliis city 
 many neat and attractive stores and en- 
 terprising merchants, and among the 
 test is the jxjpular and well-known 
 .house of Boggan & Thornton, on Third 
 -avenue, between Twentieth and Twenty- 
 first streets. 
 
 The business was established in 1886, 
 and from a sniall beginning lias grown to 
 large proportions. The storeroom is a 
 handsome one, and the goods neatly and 
 tastefully displayed. The stock is fresh, 
 large and varied, and embraces every- 
 thing in the line of staple and fancy gro- 
 ceries, such as sugars, coffees, teas, flour, 
 .syrup, canned goods, etc., etc. Delivery 
 wagons stand at the door ready to de- 
 liver purchases to any part of the city 
 free of charge. 
 
 Messrs. Boggan & Thornton sell low 
 and are satisfied with a small margin of 
 profit. There is no article in the line of 
 fine and fancy groceries, or table delica- 
 •cies that cannot be procured at their 
 place. The policy of this firm is to 
 please and satisfy"^ their customers, and 
 how well they have succeeded is attested 
 by the popularitv of the house. 
 
 Messrs. M.M. Boggan and T. F.Thorn- 
 ton are natives of the " Emerald Isle." 
 .and .since their residence in the United 
 
 States have won a remarkable success. 
 They are self-made men and deserve fully 
 the success they have achieved. In 
 commercial circles they stand among the 
 best. 
 
 Tailor. 
 
 GEO. D. SCOTT, 2028 First avenue.— 
 In 1886, Mr. George D. Scott, a native 
 of Wisconsin, established his business in 
 this citv. He is located at No. 2028 First 
 avenue", between Twentieth and Twen- 
 ty-first streets, where he has attractive 
 premises. 
 
 He does a large business as a merchant 
 tailor and custom clothier. On his 
 shelves can be found a full line of im- 
 ported and domestic suitings of all the 
 latest styles of fabrics. Wedding outlits 
 are specialties, and in this respect Mr. 
 Scott never fails to give every satisfac- 
 tion. The manufactory is at 300 Canal 
 street. New York. A specialty also is 
 made of fine clothing and business 
 suits. 
 
 Mr. Scott is an acknowledged expert in 
 the business, having had. a life-long ex- 
 perience. He has been the architect of 
 his own fortune, and fully deserves the 
 success that has crowned his efforts. 
 
 Job Sliop. 
 
 W. N. COBB, Twenty-first street, 
 between First and Second avenues. — 
 The city job shop, though estab- 
 lished in 1887, is one of the most com- 
 plete and best patronized establishments 
 of the kind in Birmingham. Here is 
 done all kinds of shelving, and is made 
 the handsomest and most unique coun- 
 ters in the city, store fixtures of all kinds 
 being a specialty. He employs the 
 finest workmen, and can guarantee their 
 work will give entire satisfaction. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 BAKER & KIRKLAND, Room No. 
 2, Office Building.— The ottlce of Messrs. 
 Baker & Kirkland, wholesale lumber 
 dealers, is centrally located at room No. 
 2, Oftice Building. 
 
 Specialties are rough lumber, siding, 
 flooring, shingles and laths. The busi- 
 ness, which is daily increasing, extends 
 throughout the entire State and the 
 West. 
 
 The members of the firm are INIessrs. 
 H. C. Baker and G. P. Kirkland. 
 
 Thev receive a large and liberal pat- 
 ronage, which they fully deserve, being 
 
122 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 energetic and capable business men. 
 They are highly esteemed in the com- 
 munity for their sterling sooiul and busi- 
 ness qualities, and thoroughly deserve 
 the signal success which has crowned 
 their well-directed management of the 
 enterprise in hand. 
 
 The firm will quote prices of lumber, 
 etc., in carload lots, and guarantee to 
 duplicate the orders of any other deal- 
 ers. 
 
 Resort. 
 
 LAKEVIEW HOTEL.— One of the 
 largest and finest hotels known in the 
 State is without doubt the Lakeview 
 Hotel, which, together with the mag- 
 nificent park and grounds surrounding, is 
 the property of the Ely ton Land Com- 
 pan3% and which is and has been so 
 ably managed by Linscott & Davids 
 Tile hotel was first thrown open to the 
 public on the 12th of July, 1887. The 
 present proprietors took charge April 1, 
 1888. The l)uildingis an imposingframe 
 structure 60 x 250 feet in extent. The 
 site on which the hotel is located is an 
 elevated one overlooking the beautiful 
 Lakeview Park and Lake. This hotel is a 
 rendezvous, especially during the sum- 
 mer, for the elite of the city and of 
 all parts of the South. It is as cool in 
 summer as any place to be found in this 
 region of the country. There are seventy- 
 two rooms in this superb establishment, 
 and sixty adtlitional rooms will l)e ready 
 this summer. The hotel will accommo- 
 date three hundred and twenty guests — 
 one hundred and eighty in the main 
 building, and one hundred and forty in 
 the new wing. The interior arrange- 
 ments are unsurpasBed. The dininghall 
 is roomy and capacious, while the parlors 
 are equally elaborate and beautiful. A 
 large ballroom is provided for use of 
 guests, as also are billiardrooms. The 
 entire hou.se is lighted by plectric light, 
 and is supplied with electric bells, and 
 is heated throughout by steam. The 
 cuisine of this house is known far and 
 near for its excellence. French cooks 
 are employed, and all meats served are 
 from New York. The Park consists of 
 one hundred acres and has delightful 
 conservatories. The fine jiavilion and 
 skating rink, and lake, which is well 
 su})plied with boats, are run in connec- 
 tion with the hotel. Mr. Linscott w^as 
 formerly the manager of the Hotel 
 Brunswick of Boston, and for fifteen 
 years in the hotel business. ]\Ir. Davids 
 Avas seventeen vears in the hotel busi- 
 
 ness, and is from Providence, Rhode 
 Island. These gentlemen are genial and 
 possess sterling qualities and fine busi- 
 ness capacities, and it is mainly owing to 
 their superior management that this 
 hotel has flourished with such unabated 
 vigor, for they are the right men in the 
 right place. 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance. 
 
 JAS. A. GOING, Roden Block, Rooms. 
 8 and 11. — A prominent and represi^nta- 
 tive firm in its special line is that of Jas. 
 A. Going, real estate and insurance 
 agent. His offices are centrally located 
 in the Roden Block, Rooms 8 and 11. 
 The business has been estaldished a 
 number of years, and Mr. Going has had 
 much experience in the handling of 
 properties. All descriptions of city and 
 suburban realty are bought, ■ sold" and 
 rented. He has for sale, also, several of 
 the choicest tracts of coal, iron, and tim- 
 ber lands now in market, which promise 
 profitable development. 
 
 In the insurance department standard 
 companies only are represented, and 
 risks are placed on all insurable property 
 and losses promptly and satisfactorily 
 adjusted. 
 
 Mr. Going is a native of Alabama, and 
 came to this city in 1872. He was at 
 first engaged in merchandising for sev- 
 eral years, in which he met with his 
 usual success.. His ])atrons are among 
 the most influential business men, and 
 his able management has secured for 
 him the confidence of the community as 
 a reliable and honorable business man. 
 Mr. Going has associated with him in 
 the fire insurance business Dr. .Ino. C. 
 Wilson, a gentleman widely and favor- 
 ably known. 
 
 South Anniston Land Company. 
 
 The material improvement in this 
 section of the country and the attraction 
 of capital to this city are mainly due to- 
 reliable business firms, who, through 
 their minute acquaintance with real 
 estate matters, attract investments and 
 capital to this beautiful city. 
 
 The South Anniston Land Company, 
 established in 1887, is one of the repre- 
 sentative business firms in real estate- 
 matters, having a capital of $750,000. 
 This corporation possesses the most val- 
 uable kind of land to be found anywher 
 in this State for residence purposes as 
 well as for mining purposes at Anniston 
 Citv. Four hundred and eighty-five acres- 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 123 
 
 of the finest suburban and mineral prop- 
 erty are unsold. The Directors of the Com- 
 pany are well-known men. Messrs J. D. 
 Kirkpatrick, Jr., C. J. K. Ingram, D. F. 
 Constantine, J. I.. Morgan, R. T. Arm- 
 strong, John B. Roden, and F. G. Smith. 
 
 Mr. F. G. Smith, President, was born 
 at Nashville, Tennessee. He has been 
 engaged for some years in the steamboat 
 business, and belongs to the cotton buy- 
 ing firm of Smith <k Coughlan, Office 
 Building, Birmingham. 
 
 Mr. Louis S. Frierson, Secretary and 
 Treasurer, is a native of Memphis. 
 Their office occupies a part of the second 
 floor in the Office Building, their com- 
 modious apartments affording the best 
 facilities for prompt transaction of gen- 
 eral and private business. 
 
 Architect. 
 
 JOHN SUTCLIFFE, Oflice Building, 
 2017 First avenue.— An important branch 
 of professional industr}' is tliat so ably 
 represented in this city by Mr. John Sut- 
 clifte, architect, which profession has, in 
 all countries, and at all times been a 
 most laudable one. 
 
 The offices are eligibly located in the 
 Caldwell-Milner building, 2017 First ave- 
 nue. He has achieved an enviable rep- 
 utation since settling in this city, Jan- 
 uary, 1887, and has carried through to a 
 successful issue many important con- 
 tracts for the planning of public and 
 private buildings, and is prepared to 
 promptly furnish plans and specifications 
 for every description of buildings, in- 
 cluding city and country residences, 
 stores, warehouses, mills and factories, 
 churches, schools, etc. Some of the 
 finest architectural work in this vicinity 
 attests to his superior handicraft. The 
 handsome building of the Carolina Com- 
 pany at Bessemer was designed and 
 built by this gentleonan. His estimates 
 and computations are always accurate, 
 and he is careful not to exceed the limit 
 of expense set by the owner. 
 
 jNIr. Sutcliffe was born in Lancashire, 
 FiUgland, and has been in America 
 scarcely over one year. He was in this 
 profession while in England, and was 
 also in Government service in Admiralty 
 Portsmouth. He studied in Manchester 
 Grammar School, and Government 
 Schools of Art, South Kensington, Lon- 
 don. He is an acknowledged authoritj' 
 in his profession, having commenced the 
 active practice in 1S64, and is widely 
 
 known as a practical architect of talent 
 and originality. 
 
 He is a gentleman highly esteemed in 
 city circles, and popularly cons-idered as 
 a prominent local exponent of his pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Artificial Stone Company. 
 
 Office, 2103 First avenue. — In giving 
 an authentic history of the business 
 interests of Birmingham and her capa- 
 bilities for supplying the demands made 
 upon her by the surrounding country, 
 we must not omit mention of the exten- 
 sive artificial stone interest as conducted 
 by the above Company. The Alabama 
 Artificial Stone Company was estab- 
 lished in March, 1887, and the excellent 
 stone brought into use by it has been of 
 late in the greatest demand in and 
 around Birmingham, wherever building 
 has been going on. Many of the finest 
 stone houses in the city bear witness to 
 this, with such success that the ordi- 
 nary observer is always deceived, and 
 cannot distinguish this beautiful patent 
 from real stone. The stone of the Com- 
 pany is made of the finest sand, cement 
 and chemicals. The beauty of their 
 patent is that it contains about the same 
 qualities as nature provides for real 
 stone. 
 
 Mr. E. J. Acosta, Jr., the President of 
 this enterprising Company, is a native of 
 Savannah, Georgia. He formerly ran the 
 largest wholesale cracker and candy 
 manufactory in Savannah, namely, that 
 of Acosta & Einstein. 
 
 ]Mr. John Douglass, Secretary and 
 Treasurer of the Company, was born and 
 educated in Savannah, where he form- 
 erly was bookkeeper in his father's 
 Crocker}^ store. The most scant observer 
 will easily see that the above gentlemen 
 are men of great enterprise and persever- 
 ance, and the past prosperity of Bir- 
 mingham is due largely to the enter- 
 prises of such men, and the future 
 growth of the city as well must depend 
 upon them. 
 
 Builders' Materials. 
 
 FALLS & MADDEN.— Among the 
 
 important enterprises of Birmingham 
 the establishment of Falls & Madden, 
 on Morris avenue, between Twenty- 
 second and Twenty-third streets, dealers 
 in stone, cements, lime and all builders' 
 materials, is one of the most prominent 
 and successful. The enterprise was es- 
 
124 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 tablished in May, 18S7, and the growth 
 of the trade of this firm has been almost 
 phenomenal. 
 
 They are very conveniently located for 
 their large trade. The large, three-story 
 "brick building, 50x80 feet in dimensions, 
 ds entirely occupied by this tirm. A 
 number of experienced hands are em- 
 ployed, and the energies of the firm are 
 ■constantly directed toward supplying the 
 best in their line at the lowest possible 
 prices, and their stock is always first- 
 class, and can be depended upon, entire 
 satisfaction being always assured in all 
 their dealings. 
 
 Mr. H. J. Falls is a native of Canada ; 
 was formerly engaged in business in 
 Detroit. Mr. Falls is a gentleman of 
 wide business experience, and is an 
 authority in all branches of the enter- 
 prise he is now engaged in. He is a 
 member of the order of Masons, and is 
 highly respected in both commercial and 
 social circles. 
 
 Mr. R. J. Madden is a native of Mid- 
 dletown, Ohio. Before coming to Bir- 
 mingham he was connected with the 
 American Express Company, and also 
 the Western Union Telegraph Company, 
 and for some time held the position of 
 stenographer to Mr. li. F. DeBardeleben, 
 formerly Presidentof tlie Berney National 
 Bank. He is an accurate and careful 
 business man and highly respected and 
 esteemed asaleader in commercial circles, 
 and has won a position among the fore- 
 most business enterprises of the city. 
 Those having business dealings with this 
 firm will find them always prompt and 
 reliable, and their large and growing 
 patronage is unquestionably deserved. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 Molester & VanHOOSE.— An im- 
 portant branch of commercial activity, 
 and one deserving of special mention m 
 this review% is that of the grocery trade, 
 a leading and representative exponent of 
 which is the extensive wholesale house 
 of McLester & VanHoose, corner of iM or- 
 ris avenue and Twenty-first street. The 
 firm succeeded J. jM. "Maxwell & Co. in 
 1881, and for the past seven years have 
 steadily grown in public favor. 
 
 The building is among the most com- 
 modious in Birmingham, being nearly 
 one hundred feet square and two storie"s 
 in height. The location is most advan- 
 tageous, as it is directly on the line of 
 railroad, thus saving the expense of load- 
 ing and hauling goods. 
 
 The stock is large, varied and complete. 
 
 embracing fresh staple and heavy grocer- 
 ies, consisting in part of sugars, coffees, 
 teas, canned goods, provisions, in 
 short, all articles usually found in a 
 wholesale grocery establishment. Their 
 jirices are as low as the lowest, and coun- 
 try merchants will consult their interest 
 by calling on JNIessrs. McLester &. Van- 
 Hoose. Orders are promptly filled and 
 satisfaction guaranteed. Tlie scoj^e of 
 their trade is extending yearly, and has 
 for several years past assumed large pro- 
 portions. 
 
 The individual members of the firm 
 are Alabamians, coming to this city from 
 Tuscaloosa. They are thoroughly ac- 
 quainted with the business, and know 
 the wants of customers, as is evidenced 
 by their long and successful experience. 
 An intimate knowledge of groceries, 
 such as they possess, enables them to 
 ofler inducements to custolners not easily 
 duplicated. 
 
 The house is a strong, reliable one, and 
 both Mr. INIcLester and Mr. VanHoose 
 rank deservedly high in commercial 
 circles. 
 
 Wholesale Merchandise Brokers. 
 
 CAWTHON & KEID.— Among the 
 active and enterprising firms of Birming- 
 ham is that of Messrs. Cawthon & Reid, 
 wholesale merchandise l)rokers, with 
 headquarters at Room IG, Ofiice Building, 
 First avenue. The l)usiness was estab- 
 lished in the year 1887. The firm is 
 composed of Messrs. J. C. Cawthon and 
 Wm. H. Reid, who have, from the date 
 of its establishment, met with marked 
 success. It is one of the representative 
 firms in its special line. A general brok- 
 erage business is done, the firm repre- 
 senting large houses in every section of 
 the country. 
 
 Mr. Cawthon is a native of Tennessee. 
 He formerly traveled for a wholesale 
 grocery house of jfl-ominence in New 
 Orleans. 
 
 Mr. Reid was born in Vicksburg, Mis- 
 sissippi, where for many years he was 
 engaged in the brokerage business. 
 
 Messrs. Cawthon & Reid are widely 
 and favorably known in commercial 
 circles. The firm is one of the most re- 
 liable in the city. 
 
 Staple and Fancy Groceries. 
 
 T. F. DALY.— Among those in the 
 staple and fancy groceries bu.siness we 
 must include Mr. T. F. Daly as among 
 the representative class. This thriving 
 business was established in January, 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 125 
 
 1888, and from the first has met with 
 fine success. The i:)reuiises occupied are 
 brick, two stories, and 22 x 40 feet, and 
 ■well arranged for conducting the busi- 
 ness and properly displaying the stock. 
 ' The location is 1 803 Fourth avenue. A 
 ^general line of staple and fancy groceries 
 is carried, including teas, cofiees, spices, 
 canned goods, grocers' sundries, fresh 
 meats, vegetables, fruit and everything 
 usually found in a first-class grocery 
 house. Fresh choice butter and eggs are 
 specialties. 
 
 Mr. Daly was born in Ireland. For 
 many years he has lived in Mississippi. 
 He bears an excellent character, and all 
 who know him appreciate his efibrts to 
 please. 
 
 Jewelry. 
 
 PAUL CALAME, No. 2016 First 
 
 .avenue. — At the handsome and attract- 
 ive jewelry establishment of Faul 
 Calame, located at 2016 First avenue, 
 may be found displayed a full and varied 
 assortment of jewelry of all descriptions, 
 
 'an assortment which, in extent, is supe- 
 rior to that found in many places claim- 
 ing more. Besides this large array of 
 jewelry may be found a splendid stock 
 of fine gold and silver watches, clocks, 
 solid and plated table ware, spectacles, 
 etc., all of which can be supplied to 
 purchasers at the lowest prices. 
 
 This establishment was founded l:)y the 
 present proprietor in 1887, and its snb- 
 
 -sequent prosperous career is indicative 
 of an able and popular management. 
 The well-arranged salesroom is fitted up 
 ■with all modern conveniences, and the 
 stock displayed is large, comprehensive 
 and complete. 
 
 Mr. Calame possesses a genius unex- 
 celled b\' any in the profession, and as to 
 his ability as a repairer, which he makes 
 a specialty, he acknowledges no superior, 
 doing nothing but first-class work and at 
 the lowest prices. 
 
 He was born in AVenfchatel, Switzer- 
 land, and was formerly in business in 
 Herman, Missouri, for ten years. He is 
 highly esteemed for his many sterling 
 
 •qualities, and is numbered among Bir- 
 mingham's most highly respected busi- 
 ness men. 
 
 Carpenter, 
 
 R. T. MARK HAM, 2208 Second ave- 
 nue. — There are few industrial enter- 
 prises of this city whose relations and 
 • enterprises are of more significance than 
 
 that of the carpenter, and among the 
 more prominent we find Mr. R. T. 
 Markham, a native of P^ngland, at 2208 
 Second avenue. The business of this 
 most enterprising gentleman was estab- 
 lished in December, 1887, and he has 
 from the start met with success. He 
 occupies a large shop as well as an exten- 
 sive yard and shed rooms, which con- 
 tain everything requisite for the busi- 
 ness. All work in the way of carpenter- 
 ing, repairing, stove fitting, etc., is 
 attended to especial attention being 
 given to private dwellings and resi- 
 dences, jol)bing and repairing. 
 
 Mr. I\hirkham came to this country in 
 1868. He is enterprising and industrious, 
 his shop being well equipped for doing 
 all kinds of business in his line. The 
 promptness and etficiency with which all 
 contracts are filled warrant the asser- 
 tion that no more (lesiral)le establish- 
 ment can be found with which to open 
 negotiations. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 S. BERNSTEIN, 2106 Second ave- 
 nue. — The well-stocked Mammoth Shoe 
 House of Sol. Bernstein, located at 2106 
 Second avenue, was founded in 1886. 
 
 He occupies a two-story brick building 
 25x85 feet. It is fitted up most attract- 
 ively, and lighted by electricity at night. 
 
 iSlr. Bernstein, by close attention to 
 business, and a thoroughly practical 
 knowledge of the business, has estab- 
 lished a large trade. 
 
 He displays a choice and desirable 
 stock of boots, shoes, "etc., for men, 
 women and children, all of the best 
 quality, latest styles, and sold at the 
 lowest prices, at wholesale and retail. 
 
 Since Mr. Benistein has been in busi- 
 ness in this city, he has secured great 
 public favor, and been highly com- 
 mended for the best stock of goods, re- 
 liable work, and most fashionable styles 
 to be found in Birmingham. He was 
 born in Mobile, Alabama, and was form- 
 erly traveling salesman for H. Bernstein 
 in Mobile. Having been connected with 
 no other business his experience enables 
 
126 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 him to meet the wants of the public, and 
 his gentlemanly bearing has secured for 
 him a tine class of custom. He has been 
 rewarded for his industry and attention 
 to business by a steady and lucrative 
 trade. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 R. C. HARRIS & COMPANY, cor- 
 ner Eighteenth street and Third avenue. 
 — A well-known and reliable house in 
 the fine groceries is R. C. Harris & Com- 
 pany, located at the corner of Eighteenth 
 street and Third avenue. 
 
 This business was founded November, 
 188G, having grown gradually from that 
 date to its present fine proportions. The 
 storeroom occupied is well arranged for 
 the purposes for which they are used, 
 of brick, two stories high, and 30 x 50 feet 
 in extent. 
 
 The stock consists of a full hue of fine 
 groceries, provisions and country pro- 
 duce. 
 
 R. C. Harris & Company have a 
 splendid city trade, which is constantly 
 on the increase. 
 
 Mr. R. C. Harris is a native of Ten- 
 nessee, as also is his brother, Mr. D. T. 
 Harris, the junior member of the firm. 
 
 They are engaged in the general mer- 
 chandise business at Silver Creek, Ten- 
 nessee, where they are doing prosper- 
 ously. Their success has been gained 
 by strict attention to the wants of their 
 patrons and the enterprise displayed in 
 all their business transactions. 
 
 fish, Etc. 
 
 OTTO SEEMANN & BRO., No. 219 
 Nineteenth street, between Second and 
 Third avenues.— Among the recent ad- 
 ditions to the commercial establishments 
 of this city is that of Otto Seemann & 
 Bro., established in 1888. 
 
 The house occupied is located at 219 
 Nineteenth street, near the corner of 
 Third avenue. 
 
 The Messrs. Seemann are natives of 
 Alabama, and are thoroughly conversant 
 with all the details of their business. 
 They own several large fisheries in 
 Alabama and Tennessee, whence they 
 obtain fresh and saltwater fish and oys- 
 ters in large quantities. Game in sea- 
 son is always on hand. A large whole- 
 sale and retail business is here done. 
 
 Otto Seemann & Bro. are practical busi- 
 ness men, full of energy and enterprise, 
 and since settling in business here have 
 taken rank and enjoy an extended busi- 
 ness acquaintance throughout the city. 
 
 Photographer. 
 
 J. H. SHEPHERD.— Since this busi- 
 ness was established by the present pro- 
 prietor, it has enjoyed a liberal patronage 
 from the best classes of society, in con- 
 sequence of the excellence and fidel- 
 ity of the photographs and portraits 
 executed. The rooms Mr. Shepherd 
 occupies comprise neatly furnished apart- 
 ments, and the light, accessories and 
 appliances are perfect, enabling him to 
 produce worji in the highest style of art. 
 No studio in the city is more eligibly 
 located than this one at 1910 Second ave. 
 
 Mr. Shepherd has made this business 
 the study of a lifetime, having taken it 
 up when only a boy. He was born in 
 Georgia, and "for many years has been 
 actively engaged in business as a photo- 
 graphic artist. At one time in Missis- 
 sippi, and traveling through difierent 
 States, he followed the sanie vocation. 
 
 With the advantage of such wide ex- 
 perience and long and careful study, INIr. 
 Shepherd well deserves the reputation 
 he has gained as a leader in his line of 
 busines.s. Prompt and always reliable ^ 
 in every particular, he has won a liberal 
 patronage and the respect and esteem of 
 all with whom he is brought in contact. 
 
 Candy Manufactory. 
 
 H. C. ERMINGER, 1905 Second ave- 
 nue. — Among the deservedly successful 
 business enterprises of this city will be 
 found that of Mr. H. C. Erminger, 
 candy manufacturer. He was established 
 in 1885, and is located at 1905 Second 
 avenue. The factory is equipped with 
 all the latest improved appliances and 
 facilities known to this important de- 
 partment of trade. 
 
 Mr. Erminger has a large wholesale 
 trade. His house is noted for the abso- 
 lute puritv of the candy made. Purity 
 is the main essential to be attained in 
 the uianufacture of confections, and Mr. 
 Erminger, by scrupulous observance of 
 this important feature in his business, 
 has always enjoyed a liberal and sub- 
 stantial patronage. Employment is given 
 to a number of hands and the trade— espe- 
 cially the wholesale— is growing rapidly. 
 The machinery used is the newest and 
 best in make. 
 
 Mr. Erminger was born in Georgia, 
 and educated in Ohio. He has been in 
 the business many years, and is thor- 
 oughly conversant with every detail of 
 his extensive business, and fully 
 deserves the success that his energy and 
 enterprise have achieved. 
 
Birmingham 
 
 127 
 
 Glassware, Tinu-are, QueensLvare, and 
 Crockery. 
 
 BENNIE & BROPHY, 1909 Second 
 avenue. — This firm is one of the most 
 successful in its Hne in the city, and for 
 seven years has enjoyed a reputation 
 consistent with its trade. 
 
 Messrs. Bennie & Brophy are import- 
 ers of. and wholesale and retail dealers 
 in foreign and domestic China, cut and 
 pressed glassware, queensware, lamps, 
 and a full line of stoves ; also a com- 
 plete line of housefurnishing goods, 
 W'ood and willowware and flower pots, in 
 fact, everything kept in such an ejstab- 
 lishment. Parties visiting this city who 
 are in need of anything in this line 
 should give them a call. 
 
 The premises are, at 1909 Second ave- 
 nue, admirably arranged and cfpiipped 
 with every convenience for the display 
 of their stock. They make specialties of 
 all the small useful articles needed in 
 housekeeping. Their stock of stoves 
 deserves special mention, for it embraces 
 several of the best makes sold. These 
 goods are warranted to give perfect satis- 
 faction. 
 
 Sinclair Bennie was born in Carroll- 
 ton, Kentucky, and reared in Nashville. 
 He is a young man of fine business 
 ability, energetic, and worthy of the suc- 
 cess he has attained. 
 
 His copartner is Mrs. Brophy. his 
 mother, who represents in the firm the 
 interest of her husband, now deceased. 
 
 The firm thus constituted is a strong 
 one, and. enjoys a liberal patronage. 
 They sell for cash at the lowest prices, 
 and as to fair treatment and honorable 
 methods refer to their numerous custo- 
 mers throughout the State. 
 
 Jewelry. 
 
 MINERAL CITY AUCTION AND 
 COMMISSION HOUSE —An iaiportant 
 business enterprise, and one that has 
 met with success is the " Mineral City 
 Auction and Commission House " of I. 
 Epstein at No. 14 North Twentieth 
 street. This house has met with well- 
 deserved and substantial support and 
 encouragement from the good people of 
 Birmingham. He makes a specialty of 
 repairing watches and gives a guarantee 
 equal to any. 
 
 Mr. Epstein makes a specialty of 
 watches, plated ware and optical goods. 
 Parties can have their eyes tested free of 
 charge ; also have fitted to the eye the 
 best glasses made. 
 
 Mr. Epstein succeeded Mr. Stollen- 
 werck, the druggist. He is a native of 
 Germany, and is a Mason, Odd Fellow 
 and Knight of Pythias. 
 
 His wife, who assists him, is from Hol- 
 land, and is a refined and educated lady. 
 
 Architect. 
 
 J. W. McCLAIN, Room 3, Watt's 
 Building. — The increase of patronage in 
 the mechanic arts and the love of the 
 beautiful has naturally incijeased the 
 demand for artists of the highest perfec- 
 tion in skill of design and execution, and 
 especially is this true as relates to the 
 needs of architecture. It is a matter of 
 the greatest importance to secure the 
 services of a thoroughlj' competent and 
 experienced architect in the erection of 
 every building, great or small. 
 
 Mr. J. W. McClain, a native of Indi- 
 ana, was established in business in 
 March, 1888, and received his education 
 in Indiana. His experience of many 
 years, not only as an architect, but also 
 as a builder, has fitted him for the re- 
 sponsibilities of this most exacting of all 
 the art sciences, and the structures which 
 he has designed stand as evidences of his 
 superior skill. 
 
 Mr. McCIain's office is Room 3, Watts 
 Building. Pie is a gentleman of fine 
 standing, and one possessed of ability to 
 conduct his business in a manner that is 
 a credit to the i^rofession. 
 
 Sewing Machines. 
 
 THE NEW HOME SEWING MA- 
 CHINE COMPANY. -The sewing ma- 
 chine business is efficiently represented 
 by the New Home Sewing Machine 
 Company, located at No. IIG Nineteenth 
 street. 
 
128 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 The Birmingham branch oflice of this 
 celebrated Company was establislied 
 January, 1887, and a large business has 
 been transacted. The sewing machines 
 kept at the distributing depot of this 
 Company are of the most reliable manu- 
 facture. They are sinqtle, well-con- 
 structed, light, strong, and built on scien- 
 tific and mechanical princi])les. It would 
 indeed be superfluous to enlarge upon 
 the merits of tiie " New Home " Sewing 
 Machine in this work, for they are too 
 widely known and a]>[)reciated througli- 
 out the length and ])readtli of the land 
 to need further cunimendation of their 
 merits at our iiands. 
 
 Mr. W. .J. Pearce, a native of Colum- 
 bus, Georgia, is the affable manager for 
 this district. He iiossesses fine business 
 capacities and sterling qualities, and it 
 is due to his careful management and 
 enterprise that the Company has done 
 so well in this portion of the country. 
 
 Flour, Hay and Grain. 
 
 W. E. NEAL & COMPANY, 224 
 Twentieth street. — Among the leading 
 establishments in this city is that of W. 
 E. Neal & Company, located at 224 
 Twentietl* street. This flourishing bus- 
 ness was established l)y the present pro- 
 prietors in 188(5. The "stock of supplies 
 is large and complete, and includes flour, 
 liay and grain. All that is constantly on 
 hand in Mr. Neal's house is of the "best 
 quality and can be bought at low prices. 
 The premises occupied by them are con- 
 veniently located in the business center. 
 
 Mr. Neal started the first exclusive 
 flour trade in this city, and has never 
 failed to do a large wholesale and retail 
 business. 
 
 He is a native of Mississippi, and was 
 educated in Illinois and Philadelf)hia. 
 He is well-known and respected by his 
 large circle of friends, enjoying the' con- 
 fidence of the community. 
 
 Flour, Hay and Grain. 
 
 B. D. WHILDEN, No. 313 North 
 Twentieth street. — Conspicuous among 
 tlie best known and tnost popular busi- 
 ness houses located on the busy thor- 
 oughfare of Twentieth street is the 
 flourisliing wholesale flour, hay and 
 grain establishment of B. D. Whilden, 
 the successor to Thos. G. Simpson & 
 Company. 
 
 Tins house was founded in May, 1888, 
 by the present proprietor, and is justly 
 regarded as representative in character. 
 
 The stock of supplies is always complete, 
 and can be bought at moderate prices. 
 
 ]\Ir. Whilden has been in business in 
 this city five years. It will be to the 
 interest of those who wisli anything in 
 this line to give him a call, he being 
 known as one of the most rcsi>onsible 
 and trustworthy merchants in the city. 
 The store is a two-story brick building, 
 25 X 80 feet in extent, and the warehouse 
 on the Belt Line is 80x100 feet, fitted 
 up with every convenience? 
 
 Mr. Whilden is an honorary member 
 of the Birmingham Guards, Zouaves 
 and Rifles. -He is highly esteemed for 
 his sterling social and business quali- 
 ties, his success being but the natural 
 result to promote the same to the best of 
 his abilities. 
 
 Harness and Saddles. 
 
 CORBETT BROS.— The saddle and 
 harness trade of the city is an important 
 industry, and so well represented in Bir- 
 mingham that no city in the State out- 
 ranks it. Among those that operate in 
 this line is the house of Corbett Bros., 
 which was established February 7, 1887. 
 
 Messrs. Corbett own another house at 
 Nashville, Tennessee, where they do a 
 large business. 
 
 At their store can be found a large, 
 well-assorted stock to select from, em- 
 bracing, with the variety of harnesses, 
 saddles, collars and bridles, a full line of 
 horse equipments in general, and such 
 goods as are usually found in a live, 
 well-conducted store of the kind. 
 
 The store is located at No. 1914 Second 
 avenue 
 
 Mr. Eugene Corbett and his brother, 
 Mr. F. Corbett, are natives of Nashville. 
 The former was formerly in the luird- 
 ■\\are business in Nashville. 
 
 Besides doing a large business here, 
 thev carry on a fine business in Nash- 
 ville. 
 
 They keep horse clothing of all de- 
 scriptions, and make sj)ecialties of 
 Whitman saddles, whijis, lashes, stir- 
 rui)s, Iniggy, coach and dray harness, jowl- 
 hoods, sulky whi]ts, race and trotting 
 bits, new and elegant styles of road and 
 track harness, all of which they always 
 have on hand or make to order. 
 
 Nothing is allowed to leave the man- 
 ufactory without critical examination. 
 They are Southern agents for Whitman 
 Saddle Company, J. Fennell's Cynthiana 
 Boots, J. 11. Fonton's Boots and Toe 
 Weights, and XitcheU's Liniment. 
 With a name established for giving 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 129 
 
 honest and fair representation of all 
 goods sold, they have sustained the 
 good name given them from every part 
 of the State. 
 
 Clothiers and Gents' Furnishers. 
 
 BLANK BROTHERS, No. 2112 Sec- 
 ond ayenue. — This model clothing and 
 gents' furnishing estahlishment is one of 
 the most noticeable on Second avenue. 
 Although opened but one year and a half 
 ago, it has become the acknowledged 
 source of supply for a large number of 
 the people of Birmingham and vicinity, 
 and of the county generally. 
 
 The stock is full, comprising the most 
 stylish and best ready-made clothing in 
 the market, suited to all tastes and pur- 
 poses ; gents' furnishing goods of every 
 descriplioii, including novelties in 
 styles and patterns, hats and caps, 
 satchels; boots and shoes, trunks, 
 umbrellas, etc., selected with care in 
 order to please the tastes of their 
 customers and secure to them the value 
 of their money. Minimum prices are 
 obtained at this store, and satisfaction is 
 assured. 
 
 Having the advantage of location on 
 Second avenue, in a three-story brick 
 building, the commodious storeroom, 
 25x140 feet, is further enhanced in at- 
 tractiveness by the perfection of its ap- 
 pointments and the tasteful display of 
 goods. 
 
 Messrs. Blank Bros., the proprietors, 
 are Bavarians by birth. They are mem- 
 bers of the National Union and other 
 orders. Energetic and re])resentative 
 merchants, they merit the success which 
 attends them. 
 
 Family Groceries, Etc. 
 
 R. H. WOODWARD & COMPANY.— 
 
 This reliable establishment is located at 
 1908 Avenue D, South Birmingham. 
 
 Succeeding Lee Grant February, 1887, 
 they have taken the front rank among 
 successful grocery enterprises of the city. 
 The store is entirely occupied by Wood- 
 ward & Company. By reason of their 
 sterling worth and honorable business 
 methods, their trade has become an im- 
 portant factor in the large aggregate of 
 the business of this flourishing trade 
 center. 
 
 Choice teas, coffees, sugars, syrups, 
 condiments, canned goods and delicacies 
 of every description are to be obtained 
 here at minimum prices, and fullest con- 
 fidence in the quality of merchandise, 
 
 and the integrity of the firm is abund- 
 antly justified. 
 
 For family groceries one cannot find a 
 more reliable establishment than that of 
 R. W. Woodward & Company, telephone 
 374. 
 
 ]\Ir. Woodward, the senior member, 
 is a man of superior business ability, 
 and liked by all who know him. 
 
 The other partner of this responsible 
 firm is L. A, Smith, a native of Tennes- 
 see, and a farmer until coming to Bir- 
 mingham in 1887. He is accounted in 
 trade circles a gentleman of rare busi- 
 ness qualities and indomitable energy. 
 
 The wholesale trade of the house ex- 
 tends to New Orleans, New York, Nash- 
 ville and other cities, having unlimited 
 facilities for their extensive business, 
 their trade is being steadily increased 
 and extended in all directions. 
 
 Dry Goods, Groceries, Etc 
 
 T. S. WOODS —It would be a difficult 
 task to name any branch of business 
 the activity of which is any greater than 
 the grocery and dry goods trade. Promi- 
 nent among the best known and most 
 reliable wholesale and retail dealers of 
 this city is T. S. Woods, who, for the 
 past twelve years, has been supplying 
 and gratifying his long list of customers 
 with every article essential to the palate 
 and the eye. 
 
 By his genialtj' he has won a large and 
 influential trade. He occupies a spacious 
 two-story brick building, 25 x 110 feet, at 
 2019 Second avenue. The stock carried 
 embraces a full assortment of all goods 
 found in the grocery and dry goods de- 
 partment. His specialties are leather 
 goods, and he also buys cotton, paying 
 the highest cash prices. 
 
 Mr. Woods is a native of Virginia, 
 Albemarle County, and came to Alabama 
 just after the war. He was among the 
 first settlers of Birmingham, and assisted 
 in surveying the city, at that time being 
 connected with the Elyton Land Com- 
 pany. 
 
 For fourteen years he has been engaged 
 in merchandising, and is the oldest mer- 
 chant in the city. He is esteemed in 
 both social and business circles, and is 
 too well and favorably known to need 
 comment at our hands. 
 
 Carpets, Furniture, Etc. 
 
 HERMAN HERZFELD.— This estab- 
 lishment is fitted up with special refer- 
 ence to a proper display of the large and 
 well-selected stock which is carried. 
 
130 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 This house has a large trade. The trade 
 is not confined to this particular locality, 
 but extends throughout a large scope of 
 territory. There are a number of depart- 
 ments, each of which deserve special 
 notice. 
 
 First — Carpets, of which there is an 
 endless variety and every grade of tex- 
 ture. 
 
 Second — Oil cloths and mattings to suit 
 all tastes, in both quality and price. 
 
 The comfort, blanket and mattress de- 
 partment is complete. 
 
 The lace goods are unique and artistic 
 in design and quality. 
 
 The stock embraces every variety of 
 household furniture, from the plainest 
 kitchen chair to the finest and most 
 costly parlor and chamber sets, library, 
 office furniture, etc. 
 
 Each department gives employment to 
 a number of competent and experienced 
 employes. 
 
 Mr. Herman Herzfeld is a native of 
 Germany ; is a member of the Order of 
 Knight Templars; was formerly a clerk 
 at Selma, Alabama, where he was held 
 in the highest esteem. He posseses many 
 good qualities, which make up the model 
 business men, and has shown himself 
 fitted to preside over all the details of his 
 large establishment. 
 
 Photograph and Art Gallery. 
 
 A. L. BLANKS.— Of late years great 
 progress has been made in the art of 
 photography, and in the work of the 
 foremost photographers one can see 
 specimens which seem to be the very 
 perfection of art, for it would appear that 
 there is no room for improvement. To 
 visit a first class and well appointed 
 photographic gallery of the present day 
 is to visit an artist's studio that affords 
 scarcely less interest than would an art 
 gallery where only the work of the great 
 masters are exhibited. 
 
 The truth of this would be fully ap- 
 preciated were the reader to visit the 
 art rooms of Mr. A. L. Blanks. 
 
 This representative photographic house 
 will be found at 2014 Third avenue, 
 Drennen Block. 
 
 Mr. Blanks established himself in busi- 
 ness here March 15 of the present year 
 (1888), and has fitted up a suite of rooms 
 that for taste, comfort and attractiveness 
 are unsurpassed by any similar establish- 
 ment in the State. If in the arrange- 
 ment and fitting up of his rooms, Mr. 
 Blanks had in view the comfort, ease and 
 entertainment of his visitors and patrons, 
 
 he has certainly accomplished his object 
 admirably. The reception i)arlor is the 
 front room on the second floor, and is a 
 model of its kind. Here are displayed speci- 
 mens of his work taken at his "Memphis 
 and Vickburg galleries. His o])erating 
 room, on the third floor, was built ex- 
 pressly for the fine finishing of pictures, 
 and this, as well as all his apartments, is 
 a model of good taste in all its appoint- 
 ments. The light is simply perfect, the 
 roof being so constructed as to give the 
 best possible efi'ect from early morning 
 until late in the afternoon. The scenery 
 he uses as background was painted ex- 
 l»ressly for him, and is very pretty and 
 appropriate. Adjoining the operating 
 room are the necessary finishing apart- 
 ments, all of them carefully fitted out 
 with the best appliances. 
 
 Mr. Blanks has studied every possi- 
 bility of making his a model of what the 
 perfect gallery should be, and he has 
 reason to feel a glow of satisfaction as he 
 looks around him. As an artist, Mr. 
 Blanks is at the head, and his work is 
 his own best recommendation. Where- 
 ever exhibited his pictures have won the 
 highest praise from judges and connois- 
 seurs of art. A gold medal was awarded 
 him at the New Orleans Exposition. In a 
 word his work is equal to that of metro- 
 politan artists. 
 
 Mr. Blanks has another fine gallery at 
 Vicksburg, and formerly also had one at 
 Memi)his, Tennessee. 
 
 He is a gentleman of sterling character 
 and of fine business qxialifications. His 
 business is not only creditable an<l bene- 
 ficial to the city, l)ut also one that re- 
 flects credit on him, and which bids fair 
 to be the largest enterprise of the kind 
 in this section of the South. 
 
 Printing. 
 
 WINKLEY PRINTING WORKS, 
 
 2014 Second avenue. — An important es- 
 tablishment is that of the Winkley 
 Printing Works, located at 2014 Second 
 avenue. This business was established 
 by Mr. R. C. Winkley, a native of Jack- 
 son, Mississippi. The works are located 
 in a three-story brick building, 25 x 60 
 feet, and the equipment includes all the 
 latest and best improved methods and 
 appliances, operated bj- steam power. 
 Several hands are given employment, 
 and the work turned out, which com- 
 prises job printing of all kinds and sta- 
 tionery work, has a standard repu- 
 tation for artistic excellence. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 131 
 
 '^^^^^!^^^^f^^W§:%?'-^^^^7: 
 
 1 
 
 The Brunswick Hotel. 
 
 GEO. B. NASH, Manager, Nos. 301 
 and 303 South Twenty-fourth street and 
 Avenue C. — No doubt one of the most 
 comfortable hotels in this city is " The 
 Brunswick," which was established in 
 October, 1886. 
 
 The location of this house is admira- 
 ble, at Nos. 301 and 303 South Twen- 
 ty-fourth street and Avenue C. 
 Everything in this hotel is first-class. It 
 is the cheapest house in the city, and has 
 thirty rooms, which are neatly furnished 
 and 'equipped with all the modern 
 adjuncts of safety and comfort. There 
 are accommodations in this hotel for 
 seventy-five guests, and the diningroom 
 will seat eighty people. The house is a 
 panel building three stories high. The 
 best of food is served, under the direct 
 supervision of the Manager. Dinners 
 and suppers are gotten up and served in 
 private diningrooms for parties. 
 
 Mr. Geo. B. Nash, a native of Boston, 
 is the proprietor. He is eminently fitted 
 for the position, liaving been in the 
 hotel business for not less than twenty- 
 five years. Mr. Nash bears a fine char- 
 acter, and deserves in every way the suc- 
 cessful patronage he has had. 
 
 Boots and Shoes, 
 
 EICH & BIEDERMAN.— The hand- 
 some and well-stocked boot and shoe store 
 of Messrs. Rich & Biederman, located on 
 Twentieth street, Bank Building, was 
 founded in 1880, and by a thoroughly 
 practical knowledge of the business this 
 firm has established a trade equal to that 
 of any other house in the city. 
 
 The stock comprises a full line of 
 men's, boys', ladies', misses' and child- 
 ren's boots, shoes, gaiters, slippers, etc., 
 also a full line of rubbers. This stock is 
 acknowledged to be one of the best in 
 the city, and it will be to the advantage 
 of the citizens to call and examine. 
 
 The salesroom is fitted up in elegant 
 style, and has all the conveniences of a 
 modern store. 
 
 Messrs. Rich and Biederman w^ere born 
 in Hungary. They represent that class 
 of men whose business qualities, sturdy 
 integrity and thrift have marked them 
 in this the country of their adoption as 
 desirable citizens. They have established 
 an enterprise of which they may justly 
 feel proud. 
 
 Fruit and Produce. 
 
 BUTTERFIELD FRUIT AND PRO- 
 DUCE COMPANY.— Prominent among 
 the mercantile enterprises of Birming- 
 ham is the Butterfield Fruit and Produce 
 Company, located at 415 Twentieth street, 
 between'Fourth and Fifth avenues. The 
 house was established on the 1st of 
 February, 1888, by its present proprietors, 
 who are wholesale dealers in and receiv- 
 ers of foreign and domestic fruit and 
 produce, butter, eggs, poultry, etc. The 
 company has direct connection with the 
 largest importing houses at C'harleston, 
 South Carolina, and New Orleans. The 
 premises occupied are convenient in 
 location, frame built and 25 feet square. 
 This firm makes returns weekly with 
 check for all shipments. The scope of 
 trade is a wide one, extending throughout 
 the city and surrounding towns, Oxmoor, 
 Pratt Mines, Gate City, etc., etc. 
 
 Mr. L. A. Butterfield was born in 
 Charleston, South Carolina. He was 
 ticket agent and telegraph operator for 
 fifteen years in a hotel in that city. 
 
 Mr. S. F. Keller, manager, w-as born 
 near Charleston. He is a Free Mason. 
 He has had a life-long experience in the 
 business. 
 
 Messrs. Butterfield and Keller are men 
 of fine business qualities and of excel- 
 lent standing, and are public-spirited 
 citizens, who take an active interest in 
 the advance of this growing city. 
 
132 
 
 North A.labama. 
 
 Watches and Jewelry. 
 
 M. T. GRAHAM.— Of the business 
 houses in this line we notice particu- 
 larly that of M. T Graliam, practical 
 Avatchniaker and jeweler, who estab- 
 lished himself in 18S1, and has achieved 
 an enviable reputation amoufj: the best 
 classes of the community. He carries 
 a full and complete stock of elegant 
 goods and makes a display of fine watches 
 and rich jewelry, clocks, silverware, etc. 
 He also makes a specialty of repairing 
 watches and jewelry, which are war- 
 ranted by experienced workmen. The 
 premises are advantageously located on 
 Twentieth street, between First and Sec- 
 ond avenues. 
 
 Mr. Graham was for thirteen years in 
 the jewelry business in the city of Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee, and is still interested in 
 real estate in that city. He is an ener- 
 getic and capable business man, highly 
 esteemed in all circles. 
 
 Druggist and Chemist. 
 
 H. E. KLEIN.— A well-known and 
 popular drug store is that of H. E. Klein, 
 at 322 South Twentieth street. The store 
 is located in a desirable and well-modeled 
 frame building, 28x85 feet in size and is 
 one of the best conducted stores in the 
 city. 
 
 This firm has a large stock of all kinds 
 of drugs and chemical supplies. All 
 modern appliances to secure accuracy 
 have been utilized. The stock is well 
 selected, and, by always keeping the 
 purest of medicines on hand and con- 
 stantly devoting his personal attention 
 to the business, he has merited his well- 
 earned success. 
 
 Mr. Klein is of German descent, but 
 was born in South Carolina. He did 
 business in New York City for seven 
 previous years to opening here He has 
 built a large patronage, which is steadily 
 growing. 
 
 Laundry. 
 
 KIERNAN'S STEAM LAUNDRY.— 
 
 The establishment kept by this well- 
 known gentleman is one of those which 
 has met with popular favor. The Kier- 
 nan Steam Laundry is conducted on 
 high principles, and, in consequence,, 
 commands a patronage that is most de- 
 sirable. The laundry, since the date of 
 its inception, has, under the able guid- 
 ance of ]Mr. Kiernan, steadily grown into 
 favor with the puhlic until it has reached 
 the splendid business at present trans- 
 acted. 
 
 The location ol the laundry is on Sec- 
 ond avenue, between Twenty-third and 
 Twenty-fourth streets. All the machin- 
 ery used here is of the most improved 
 and latest make. 
 
 Mr. Kiernan is a man of fine presence, 
 splendid character and good business 
 abilities, and by exempklry conduct in 
 all business matters has won the respect 
 and esteem of his fellow citizens. 
 
 Real Estate, Stocks, Bonds and Insurance. 
 
 DEARBORN & CO.— One of the most 
 favorably known firms lately established 
 in this city is Dearborn & Co., real estate, 
 stock, bond and insurance brokers. The 
 firm succeeded Deai-born &Chapin, which 
 was established on the 1st of February, 
 1888. Owing to the fact of their ex- 
 perience of several years in all matters 
 relating to real estate, stocks, bonds and 
 insurance, they have transacted a fine 
 business, which gives them by right a 
 prominent standing among the leading 
 business men of the city. The location 
 of their office is in the center of the city, 
 at 2007 First avenue, between Twentieth 
 and Twenty- first streets. A specialty of 
 this firm is the collection of rents. 
 
 Mr. A. R. Dearborn is a member of the 
 Stock Exchange. 
 
 They have the best of references — the 
 First and Berney National Banks of this 
 city. They are capable business men, 
 whose success has been well deserved. 
 Their integritj^ and fair dealing have pro- 
 cured them the unlimited confidence of 
 the business community. 
 
 Boiler Maliera, Etc. 
 
 CRELLIN & NALLS, Avenue C and 
 Twenty-second street. South Side. — The 
 machine shop and boiler works of Messrs. 
 Crellin & Nails was established at Avenue 
 C and Twenty-second street, South Side, 
 on the 1st of April, 1888, they being the 
 
Birmingham, 
 
 133 
 
 successors to H. A. Briggs & Company, 
 and of Briggs & Denis. The premises 
 are well appointed, being 50 x 100 feet in 
 dimensions. Messrs. Crellin & Nails are 
 boiler makers on an extensive scale ; also 
 copper and sheetiron workers. They 
 repair chimneys and tanks, and do re- 
 pairing of all kinds, mine and furnace 
 work being a specialty of this enterpris- 
 ing firm. 
 
 Mr. Crellin is a native of New Orleans, 
 and Mr. Nails is from Montgomery, 
 where he was in the building business 
 for seventeen years. Their establish- 
 ment is one of the most complete in the 
 city, and since commencing they have, 
 by the superior quality of their work 
 and honestly keeping their contracts, 
 built up a large patronage. 
 
 Dry Goods and Millinery. 
 
 PARISIAN DRY GOODS AND MIL- 
 LINERY COMPANY, 2030 First avenue. 
 — Conspicuous among the most prom- 
 inent millinery establishments of this 
 city is the Parisian Dry Goods and Mil- 
 linery Company at 2030 First avenue, 
 established September, 1887. A large 
 retail business has been done by this 
 house from the day of its opening. The 
 premises occupied are 90 x 100 feet in 
 dimensions, of brick, and two stories 
 ■ high. There is to be found on hand the 
 best assorted stock of the latest novelties 
 in imported dress goods and millinery. 
 Ladies' dress suits, hats and bonnets are 
 made to order and invariably with per- 
 fect satisfaction. Bridal trousseaux are 
 specialties. All that is handled is of the 
 best quality and is moderate in price, 
 all of the very fine line of goods having 
 been selected with the greatest care. 
 Mesdames E. Reinach and B. Summers, 
 the proprietresses of the firm, are natives 
 of Germany. They are ladies of superior 
 taste and thoroughly understantl their 
 business, having shown the finest tact 
 and skill in the management of this ex- 
 tensive enterprise. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 FOWLKES & MY ATT, 216 Twentieth 
 street. — One of the most reliable grocery 
 houses here is Fowlkes & Myatt. This 
 house was established October 1, 1887, 
 and is fast gaining an enviable position 
 which must be a matter of pride to the 
 proprietors and their friends. The store 
 is 216 Twentieth street. North Side. They 
 carry a stock of fine staple and fancy 
 groceries, comprising home-canned goods, 
 10 
 
 jellies, teas, coffees, sugars and othe 
 staple and fancy groceries in endless 
 variety. The line of groceries is as 
 choice as can be found anywhere, and it 
 is for this reason that the above firm are 
 so liberally patronized. 
 
 Mr. S. P. Fowlkes, a native of Marion, 
 was formerly in Selraa for a period of six 
 years as partner of the large wholesale 
 grocery establishment of R. C. Keeble 
 & Company. Mr. M. A. Myatt, also a 
 native of Marion, has resided nearly two 
 years in this city. These enterprising 
 business men are always to be found at 
 their pleasantly located place of business. 
 Parties transacting business with the 
 firm will find them accommodating, and 
 gentlemen who know how to conduct 
 their own particular line of business in a 
 manner that is a credit to the trade. 
 
 Dispensing Pharmacists. 
 C. C. BROOKS, Pharmacist, No. 
 2110 Second avenue, between Twenty- 
 first and Twenty-second streets. — In 
 June, 1886, Messrs. Brooks & McKibben 
 formed a copartnership and established 
 themselves in the drug business at their 
 present establishment, 2110 Second 
 avenue. Both members of the firm are 
 thoroughly skilled in accurate and 
 careful compounding of prescriptions 
 and give their personal supervision to 
 this department. The store is a hand- 
 somely furnished apartment 25x80 feet 
 in size. Here may be found a large and 
 complete assortment of pure, fresh drugs 
 and chemicals, fancy and toilet articles, 
 stationery and druggists' articles in gen- 
 eral. 
 
 Messrs. Brooks & McKibben are 
 natives of Georgia, and since their final 
 location in Birmingham have become 
 identified with the most respected and 
 prominent business men here. They 
 are successful and popular merchants. 
 
 Dr. McKibben has lately retired from 
 the firm. 
 
 Watchmaker and Jeweler. 
 
 A. SPEAKER, Watchmaker and 
 Jeweler, Second avenue, between Nine- 
 teenth and Twentieth streets. — This at- 
 tractive store is one of the features of 
 Second avenue, one of Birmingham's 
 busiest thoroughfares. Established in 
 1872 its growth has been one of uninter- 
 rupted prosperity, and is now one of the 
 important mercantile enterprises of the 
 city. Eligibly located it is a model in 
 its completeness and appearance. 
 
 Mr. Speaker is a native of Germany, 
 
134 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 and with characteristic national thrift 
 he has applied himself studiously to the 
 details of every branch of his business 
 until he has become an artist in his 
 chosen work. The stock of diamonds, 
 jewelry, clocks, watches and silverware 
 is large and complete, and in its selection 
 is shown that skill and taste which are 
 only displayed and acquired by life-long 
 experience and thoughtful study. A 
 great advantage the proprietor has over 
 many others is that having always been 
 in the same work he has made a study 
 of it, and is thoroughly master of the 
 watchmaker's trade, and is an expert 
 workman. Mr. Speaker offers substan- 
 tial inducements to the trade. He is 
 always first in the newest, artistic styles, 
 and can readily meet the varying taste 
 of the public at large. A repairing de- 
 partment is attached, in charge of expert 
 workmen, and in all lines he can please 
 the most fastidious. 
 
 Fruit and Produce. 
 
 E. WAGNER.— One of the more re- 
 cent commission houses here is the es- 
 tablishment of Mr. E. Wagner, jobber in 
 fruit and produce. His warehouse is 
 most conveniently located at 314 North 
 Twentieth street,'being a frame building, 
 two stories high and 25x50 feet in di- 
 mensions. Mr. Wagner does an enorm- 
 ous business in fruit and produce, in 
 buying and selling at wholesale. His 
 business from the 1st of September, 1887, 
 has increased daily until it has reached 
 its present large proportions. 
 
 Mr. Wagner is a native of Germany, 
 and left lus native shores when a boy of 
 nine. He is a fine business man, and 
 possesses special adaptness for his line of 
 business. Since establishing himself he 
 has been identified with the interests of 
 Birmingham in a prominent way. 
 
 Liuery. 
 
 C. M. BOLDEN & COMPANY.— The 
 well-known and reliable livery of C. M. 
 Bolden & Company, of 1912 and 1914 
 Fourth avenue, between Nineteenth and 
 Twentieth streets, was established the 
 1st of December, 1887, and since this 
 period has occupied a prominent posi- 
 tion. C. M. Bolden & Company are the 
 successors of Baird, Morris & Company. 
 These stables are well known in the city 
 as the "Kentucky Stables," and keep 
 some of the best horses and finest turn- 
 outs in the city. The establishment is 
 large, being 50 x 190 feet in dimensions, 
 
 having been entensively enlarged, is of 
 brick and two stories high. The stock is 
 first-class and complete, embracing every- 
 thing required in a first-class livery 
 stable. Twenty horses are kept regu- 
 larly, as well as fifty boarding horses, 
 and to the latter special attention is 
 given. Carriages of every kind are fur- 
 nished and special arrangements made 
 for driving by the month. Their patron- 
 age is an extensive one, embracing the 
 wealth and fashion of the city. Mr. C. 
 M. Bolden, of Nicholasville, Kentucky, 
 is a native of Bourbon County, Ken- 
 tucky, and his partner, Mr. F. E. Baird, 
 of Lexington, Kentucky, is a native of 
 Harrison County, Kentucky. They are 
 Free Masons. Mr. Bolden was formerly 
 in the hardware business in Nicholas- 
 ville, and Mr. Baird in the insurance 
 business. They are clear-headed busi- 
 ness men, good managers, and have built 
 up a large patronage. 
 
 Druggists arid Pharmacists. 
 
 J. E. ELLIS & COMPANY.— There 
 are no members of the pharmaceutical 
 profession in this city who are more 
 widely known or highly esteemed than 
 Messrs. J. E. Ellis & Company, whose 
 place of business is located at 2015 Sec- 
 ond avenue. They have been identified 
 with their present vocation for many 
 years, and have a thoroughly practical 
 experience. They occupy an attractive 
 and commodious store. The stock com- 
 prises a varied and complete assortment 
 of fresh drugs, medicines, chemicals, 
 toilet articles, patent medicines, etc. 
 They also make a specialty of the cele- 
 brated "Ellis' Magic Liver Pills." With 
 this choice stock they are enabled to 
 supply readily anything for which there 
 is demand. The members of the firm 
 are Messrs. J. E. Ellis and Y. P. New- 
 man. Both gentlemen are natives of 
 Alabama. They possess, the highest 
 standing in commercial circles, and 
 rank among tlie most successful busi- 
 ness men of Birmingham. 
 
 Groceries and General Merchandise. 
 
 W. S. BROWN, 2013 and 2015 Second 
 avenue, between Twentieth and Twenty- 
 first streets. — Of the most important 
 branches of business that of dry goods 
 and groceries ranks first. These indus- 
 tries have an experienced representative 
 in W. S. Brown, who is successor to 
 Hood & Brown, of which firm he was a 
 member for ten years. He established 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 135 
 
 business for himself in 1882, and during 
 the time following has built up a perma- 
 nent and influential trade. He has 
 two fine two-story brick stores 50 x 80 
 feet. In one of these stores he carries a 
 full and complete assortment of staple 
 and fancy dry goods of imported and 
 domestic manufacture. This line of 
 goods cannot be excelled in any respect. 
 The other store he reserves for groceries, 
 etc., of which he carries a choice stock. 
 His thorough-going enterprise and in- 
 tegrity is well known among the citizens 
 of Birmingham, and he is known in 
 financial circles to be one of the '' solid " 
 'business men of the city. 
 
 Mr. Brown was born in Jefferson 
 County, Alabama, and deserves the 
 tighest commendation for his energy 
 and business ability. 
 
 Beer. 
 
 THE PHIL. SCHILLINGER BREW- 
 ING COMPANY.— The above well- 
 known brewery — the only one in the 
 State of Alabama — was established in 
 1884. This fine establishment fills a long- 
 felt demand, prepared, as it is, to export 
 the celebrated Schillinger pure lager beer 
 in kegs and bottles and to sell to the 
 trade at manufacturers' prices. The 
 Phil. Schillinger Brewing Company has, 
 moreover, every facility to keep its beer 
 in a cool and fresh condition, ready for 
 shipment to any part of the States upon 
 receipt of orders, as well as making 
 prompt delivery to all parts of the city. 
 The one aim of this company is to manu- 
 facture the finest and purest of beer. 
 The plant of this extensive brewery is 
 140 X 400 feet (covering, at least, half a 
 l)lock). It has a capacity of 25,000 to 
 /30,000 barrels, and has three ice machines, 
 with a capacity of 70 tons Thirty hands 
 are employed. 
 
 The President is Mr. Phil. Schillinger, 
 a native of Germany, whilst his sons, 
 August, Louis and Erwin, are natives of 
 Louisville— treasurer, manager and 
 .superintendent, and secretary, respec- 
 tively. 
 
 Mr. Phil. Schillinger is a Mason, an 
 ■Odd Fellow, and a member of the Knights 
 of Honor and Knights of Pythias. He 
 formerly resided in Louisville, where he 
 was in the baker's business, after which 
 lie conducted the Louisville Phojnix 
 JBrewery — the largest there. 
 
 Mr. Aug. Schillinger was employed in 
 •the Phoenix Brewery, of Louisville, 
 -where he learned all the details of the 
 Ijusiness. 
 
 Mr. Louis Schillinger is a practical 
 brewer, having been in the same busi- 
 ness at Louisville, and is thus eminently 
 suited to his present position — that of 
 manager and superintendent. 
 
 Mr. Erwin Schillinger was also engaged 
 in the Phoenix Brewery. Like his 
 brothers, he has been familiar with the 
 brewery business since his early days. 
 He has sole control of the bottling works 
 run in connection with the brewery. 
 
 It will thus be seen that all the mem- 
 bers of this enterprising company are 
 thoroughly acquainted with the details 
 of brewing, which, in every way, is 
 worthy of the splendid success it has at- 
 tained. 
 
 Drugs and Chemicals. 
 
 DR. T. A. KLEBS, Druggist and Chem- 
 ist, Twentieth street and Fourth avenue. 
 — In writing the descriptive accounts of 
 the business interests of Birmingham 
 the list would be incomplete did we not 
 make especial mention of the many 
 popular and attractive drug stores, and 
 notably among them that of Dr. T. A. 
 Klebs. This store opened its doors to 
 the public in 1887, and even though 
 young as compared to similar stores in 
 the same line. Dr. Klebs' drug store is 
 among the best patronized and popular 
 stores of the kind. All the prescriptions 
 are under his careful supervision, and 
 by his gentlemanly demeanor and cour- 
 teous manner the doctor numbers his 
 friends by the score. He is a native of 
 Germany. Being a regular practitioner 
 he can be consulted any time at his 
 store, on North Twentieth street. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 G. A. STOWERS, 1714 and 1716 First 
 avenue. — One of the best known houses 
 in this line is the one whose name ap- 
 pears at the head of this article. 
 
 Mr. G. A. Stowers, a native of Georgia, 
 established his business in 1886, and oc- 
 cupies a building 30 x 70 feet in size. Mr. 
 Stowers does a large business in furni- 
 ture, Union sewing machines, stoves, 
 clocks, trunks, mirrors, chromos, etc., 
 which are sold for cash or on install- 
 ments, as parties may desire. He is 
 thoroughly conversant with all the de- 
 tails of his business, and since his estab- 
 lishment has been very successful — a 
 deserved compliment to his energy and 
 industry. 
 
136 
 
 North Alabama, 
 
 Dry Goods. 
 
 D. A. CHILDS & C:0.— The largest, 
 most complete and popular dry goods 
 house of Birmingham, or, indeed, the 
 State, is D. A. Childs & Co. 
 
 The tirm first threw their doors open 
 on the 20th of February of the present 
 year (1888), and in the four short suc- 
 ceeding months have taken the lead in 
 all respects, scoring a success beyond 
 their most sanguine expectations. Messrs. 
 Childs & Co. occupy the beautiful three- 
 story IMcAdory building, at 2011 First 
 avenue, which extends through the 
 square to jMorris avenue on the iSouth. 
 The main storeroom is by far the hand- 
 somest, best lighted, largest and most 
 conveniently arranged in the city, and is 
 specially adapted by its admirable ar- 
 rangements for this particular line of 
 business. In the center of the building 
 is an oval arcade, which extends through 
 the several stories, and which, with the 
 high ceiling, ornamented shelving and 
 tastily-arranged stock of drj^ gootls and 
 novelties, makes a pleasing efi'ect, un- 
 surpassed in this city by any similar 
 establishment. The first floor is the re- 
 tail department, and here may be found, 
 in endless profusion, foreign and domes- 
 tic dry goods, notions, novelties, etc., 
 etc. In short, every article usually found 
 in a first-class dry goods establishment. 
 The stock is varied and complete. No 
 shoddy goods are carried, and i)rices are 
 as low as similar houses in Nashville, 
 Atlanta and New Orleans. 
 
 On the second and third floors are the 
 departments devoted to the wholesale 
 trade, which is rapidly assuming large 
 proportions. 
 
 In addition to the regular stock an un- 
 usually large and tasty line of carpets is 
 carried, embracing all kinds and a great 
 variety of patterns, which are sold to 
 customers at both wholesale and retail. 
 
 Mr. D. A. Childs, the senior member 
 of the firm, is a native of New York, but 
 came to this city, liowever, from Michi- 
 gan. He has been in this business many 
 years, and has mastered it in all its 
 branches. He is an active, affable and 
 popular man, and has made many friends 
 since his short stay in this city. 
 
 Mr. C. E. Payne, his partner, M'as born 
 in Illinois. He has lived many years in 
 California. Mr. Payne is a civil engineer 
 by profession and an able and ex- 
 perienced railway Ijuilder and manager. 
 It was he who was mainly instrumental 
 in building the Mexican Central Rail- 
 
 way. He was the first general manager 
 of the system. 
 
 Both members of the firm are valuable 
 accessions to Birmingham, and are men 
 who merit fully what they are receiving — 
 the fullest measure of success. 
 
 Wholesale Grocer and Commission. 
 
 C. S. SIMMONS.— One of the oldest 
 and most reliable houses in Birmingham 
 is that of Mr. C. S. Simmons, which dur- 
 ing a term of years has gained and main- 
 tained a position which is a matter of 
 pride to himself and his friends. Mr. 
 Simmons' business was established in 
 1885. It is most conveniently located 
 on Morris avenue and the Louisville & 
 Nashville Railroad track. It is a com- 
 modious three story building, and ad- 
 mirably situated for the wholesale grocery 
 business. 
 
 Mr. Simmons is a native "of Webster 
 Count)% Georgia. He conducts a gen- 
 eral wholesale grocery business and sells 
 exclusively to merchants. He has a large 
 trade throughout this and neighboring^ 
 States, and is constantly increasing and 
 extending to new fields. He is a man of 
 enlarged experience, having been iden- 
 tified with the business in all the various 
 steps. 
 
 Tobacco and cigars are a specialty of this 
 house. 
 
 Mr. Robert Cunningham a native of 
 Macon, Georgia, is the efficient book- 
 keeper and head accountant. 
 
 This house ranks among the leading 
 wholesale grocery firms of the city,, 
 being known as one which gives honest 
 and faithful representation of all goods 
 sold. Our readers will find that liy cor- 
 respondence with this firm they are con- 
 sulting their own interests. 
 
 Liuery, Feed and Sales Stables. 
 
 TIES & SON.— The livery, feed and 
 sales stable conducted by Messrs. Fies & 
 Son is located on Third avenue, between 
 Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets. The 
 proprietors, in order to make their busi- 
 ness a success, have left no stone un- 
 turned. They have spared neither pains 
 nor expense in the effort to please their 
 patrons. 
 
 The premises are 100x150 feet in super- 
 ficial area, and are systematic and con- 
 venient in arrangement, possessing all 
 requisite facilities for the advantageous 
 conduct of the business. A general 
 livery, boarding and sale business is done. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 137 
 
 Every care and attention is given to 
 private teams, and first class single or 
 double conveyances are furnished for 
 both business and pleasure driving. The 
 establishment receives a large and liberal 
 patronage, and the tiade represents the 
 most desirable citj' and suburban cus- 
 tom. 
 
 Messrs. Fics & Son are men thoroughly 
 conversant with the business in hand. 
 The senior member is a native of France. 
 His son was born in Memphis, and re- 
 ceived his education at Pine Bluft", 
 Arkansas. 
 
 Those wishing anytliing in this line 
 should not fail to call on Messrs. Fies & 
 Son. 
 
 Firearms, Etc. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM ARMS COMPANY, 
 
 1904 Second avenue. — This establishment 
 was established in 1887, and has enjoyed 
 a liberal and extended patronage. The 
 manager, C.J. Chunn,beingathoroughly 
 practical man, perfectly conversant with 
 the business and its details, being also 
 energetic and enterprising, it cannot be 
 wondered that the Company have been 
 successful in a marked degree. Their 
 stock consists of all kinds, American, 
 English and German breech and muzzle- 
 loading guns; Winchester, Colt, Rem- 
 ington and Flobert rities, loaded and un- 
 loaded shells, cartridges, ammunition, 
 sporting goods, etc., a sjiecialty being 
 made of pistols of all kinds. The firm 
 is the leading one of its kind in the city, 
 and (,'ommands a large and rapidly in- 
 creasing patronage. The premises occu- 
 pied are 25x100 feet in dimensions, being 
 eligiljljr located in a handsome two-story 
 brick structure at 1904 Second avenue. 
 Mr. Chunn was born in Ashville, North 
 Carolina, and was formerly in this busi- 
 ness in Baltimore. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 WINDSOR HOTEL.— The Windsor 
 Hotel, No. 2006 First avenue, was estab- 
 lished in February, 1887, by Mr. C. Beck- 
 ham, successor to C. J. C. Brook. 
 
 This hotel is centrally located, being 
 but one block from the Union Depot and 
 is especially convenient for business men 
 and the traveling public, as well as per- 
 manent boarders. The offices, reading and 
 sample rooms, etc., are all neatly fitted up 
 and arranged. The ladies' parlors are pret- 
 tily furnished. The table is supplied 
 with the best the market affords, and 
 traveling men will find terms moderate. 
 
 Mr. Beckham is a native of Lancaster, 
 Ohio, and has had a long experience in 
 the business He came to tliis city from 
 Mattoon, Illinois, where he was bound 
 out. Mr. Beckham has traveled over 
 the world and has had manj' wild and 
 romantic experiences. He was among 
 the early pioneer miners who went to 
 California in search of gold. He en- 
 gaged in mining at various times in 
 Arizona, Nevada, Montana and Idaho 
 with great success. While on his return 
 from San Francisco in 1857 he was cast 
 away 110 days on a coral reef in the Car- 
 ibbean Sea. Mr. Beckham is an enter- 
 taining conversationalist, and makes all 
 who stop with him comfortable and feel 
 athome. He can accommodate lOOguests, 
 and the efficient clerk, Mr. Z. \. Ennis, 
 is popular with all the patrons of the 
 house and contributes mucli to its desir- 
 ability as a stopping place. 
 
 Shoe Store. 
 
 SATTERFIELD'S SHOE STORE, 1924 
 Second avenue, between Nineteenth and 
 Twentieth streets. — It has always af- 
 forded us genuine pleasure to note the 
 success of those who deserve it, and 
 especially if it be that of a young mer- 
 chant. The younger business men are 
 the hojje of a healthful conmiercial life, 
 and to them the city must look for her 
 future supremacy. A majority of the 
 merchants of Birminghani are young 
 men, and among them are manj^ who 
 have achieved remarkable success by 
 reason of energy, economy and well 
 directed effort. A conspicuous example 
 of this class is Jasper J. Satterfield, pro- 
 prietor of the " One Price Shoe Store," at 
 1924 Second avenue, between Nineteenih 
 and Twentieth streets. Mr. Satterfield 
 has resided in this city several years, for 
 a time being connected with the shoe 
 house of C. H. Francis. He established 
 his present business in December, 1887, 
 and since then has succeeded in build- 
 ing up a flourishing retail trade. His 
 stock is a complete and select one, and 
 embraces everything in the line of men's, 
 boys', ladies", misses' and children's boots 
 and shoes. In addition to his regular 
 stock he is sole agent for Stacey, Adams 
 & Company's fine French calf, kangaroo 
 and patent leather shoes, and James 
 INIeans' $?> and $4 shoes, the latter said 
 to be the best and cheapest shoe ever 
 made for the money. These celebrated 
 shoes can be had of no other dealer in 
 Birmingham. Mr. Satterfield keeps none 
 but the best goods, sells for cash, and 
 
138 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 observes strictly one price, and cus- 
 tomers may rely on getting the best 
 value for their money. His uniform 
 courtesy, reliable business methods and 
 low prices have won for him already an 
 enviable reputation and a large number 
 of friends and customers. His trade is 
 weekly increasing and his success is 
 greater than anticipated. 
 
 Mr. Sattertield is a Georgian, but was 
 reared in Chattanooga, and of recent 
 years was identified with the firm of D. 
 B. Loveman ct Co. Subsequently he trav- 
 eled extensively for a Cincinnati shoe fac- 
 tory, and in all has had fifteen years expe- 
 rience in the shoe business, and under- 
 stands it in all its branches. He is a 
 member of the Knights of Pythias, and 
 a young man who stands high in both 
 social and commercial circles. In busi- 
 ness he is prompt, energetic and reliable 
 and fully deserves the reputation he has 
 won and the success he has achieved. 
 We bespeak for him a liberal share of 
 public patronage. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 I. PHILLIPS & BRO., 1911 2d avenue, 
 bet. 19th and 20th streets.— Among the 
 representative establishments here should 
 be mentioned that of I. Phillips & Bro., 
 wholesale and retail dealers in furniture, 
 clocks, trunks, carpets, window shades 
 and house furnishing goods, all of which 
 goods are of the best quality. Moderate 
 in price, they can be bought for cash or 
 on the installment plan. The store is 
 well arranged, two stories and 25 x 140 
 feet. This house wasestal)lished in 18S5, 
 and since that date business has ever 
 been good. 
 
 Mr. I. Phillips is a native of Hungarv. 
 He belongs to the I. O. B. B. His 
 brother and partner, Mr. A. Phillijis, is 
 also a native of Hungary. They bear 
 
 excellent characters and stand well ire 
 the community. They are enterprising 
 men, and by able and popular manage- 
 ment have won the highest respect and 
 esteem of their numerous patrons. 
 
 Hats, Gents' Furnishing, Etc. 
 
 L. KLEIN. — In describing the various^; 
 mercantile enterprises of Birmingham 
 there are some to be numbered even 
 among the unique and liner chusg. 
 of establishments. The manufacture- 
 of men's furnishing goods has, withiit 
 the last few years, grown into an 
 important branch of business, aflbrding 
 investment to a vast amount of ca{)ital 
 and giving employment to numerous 
 operatives. Of thf> better class of housea 
 which have become well knov.-n in tins' 
 particular line of trade, that of L. Klein, 
 successor to Rich & Biederman, stands 
 prominent. 
 
 Mr. Klein occupies the two-storv brick 
 building, 20x80 feet, located at 113 North 
 Twentieth street, and known to the pub- 
 lic as "The Hat and Gents' Furnishing 
 Parlor." Since the establishment of the 
 business in 1884, it has enjoyed a liberal 
 and substantial patronage. 
 
 In the large stock will be found a full 
 and complete a.ssortment of men's fur- 
 nishing goods, gloves, hosiery, neckwear,, 
 underwear, fine shirts and other articles^ 
 inclusive of a full line of hats, caps. etc. 
 
 L. Klein was born in Hungary. He is-- 
 held in the highest estimation in this 
 community, and the success obtained by 
 his establishment is due to his energy^ 
 perseverance and ability. 
 
 Real Estate, Stock and Bond Brokerage, 
 
 J. D. KIRKPATRICK, JR.— Among 
 the enterprising real estate and broker- 
 age firms we mention that of J. D. Kirk- 
 patrick, Jr., Room 9, Office Building, First 
 avenue. He is successor to Hilleary, 
 Keith & Kirkpatrick succeeding them 
 in 1887, and at once took rank 
 and maintains the reputation he has- 
 always borne. He transacts a large 
 business for non-residents. Capitalists- 
 can rest assured that any business en- 
 trusted to his care will meet with 
 prompt attention. 
 
 ]Mr. Kirkpatrick is a gentleman who- 
 ranks high among business men, and 
 controls a large trade which is not lim- 
 ited to any one portion of the State. He 
 is a native of South Carolina, having 
 come from Charleston, where he was- 
 formerly engaged in the cotton factorage- 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 139 
 
 business. He is Vice President of the 
 Birmingham Stock Exchange and one 
 of the directors of tlie SoutTi Anniston 
 Land Company and the North Birming- 
 ham Railroad and Iron Company. He 
 is also a member of the firm of J. D. 
 Kirkpatrick & Sons, cotton factors and 
 commission merchants of Charleston. 
 
 We bespeak for him a liberal patron- 
 age — the w^l-earned reward of upright 
 business methods. 
 
 Dentists. 
 
 EUBANK BEOTHERS, Watts Build- 
 ing, Third avenue and Twentieth street. 
 — The popular dental parlors of Eubank 
 Brothers are located in the new Watts 
 building, and are the handsomest in the 
 State. They occupy a suite of front 
 rooms on the second floor. They have 
 spared neither pains nor expense in fit- 
 ting up and decorating their rooms. The 
 operating rooms are supplied with the 
 latest improved dental appliances, and 
 everything that could contribute to the 
 comfort of patrons has been added to the 
 conveniences of the parlors and oper- 
 ating apartments. The new dentists' 
 chair is the latest and best improved 
 patent, and is a wonderful combination 
 of comfort to the patient. They have 
 every new device and appliance known 
 to dental surgery, and manufacture a 
 great deal of work that is usually sent 
 North by other dentists. The Messrs. 
 Eubanks are always ou the alert for any 
 new invention which will aid them in 
 the practice of their profession. They 
 are progressive, talented and thoroughly 
 equipped for conducting dentistry in all 
 its branches. 
 
 Dr. A. Eubank is an Alabamian, and 
 graduated at the Baltimore College of 
 Dental Surgerv, attending the sessions 
 of 1872-3-4. 
 
 Dr. George Eubank is a graduate in 
 the class of 1882 of Harvard University. 
 
 Both are gentlemen of liberal educa- 
 tion and superior culture. They have 
 gained a large patronage which is not 
 confined to the city, but comes from 
 various portions of North Alabama. 
 
 Druggists. 
 
 ALEXANDER & DRYER.— The es- 
 tablishment of Doctors Alexander & 
 Dryer is one of the best kept in the city. 
 It is located at 2118 First avenue, the 
 display being a fine one. The stock of 
 drugs, chemicals, fancy goods, toilet ar- 
 ticles, etc., carried is full, everything 
 
 about the store being neat and prettily 
 arranged. A good trade is done by this 
 house in and around the city. It was 
 established January 1, 1888. 
 
 Dr. Alexander, M. D., is a native of 
 Tuskegee, Alabama, as is also Dr. Dryer, 
 M. D. The former graduated at Louis- 
 ville Medical College, the latter at Mobile 
 Medical College. Both practice with 
 great success. They are enterprising 
 gentlemen, and have built up a business 
 which is steadily on the increase. 
 
 Wood and Coal. 
 
 Mcknight & CO.— The proprietors 
 of the City Coal Yard are gentlemen 
 who are in every way worthy the patron- 
 age of the people of Birmingham. 
 
 In July, 1880, the business was founded, 
 and their trade has steadily increased. 
 Though there are a number of firms in 
 the same business, the City Coal Yard 
 can scarcely meet the great demand of 
 its numerous patrons. 
 
 Removal and enlarged facilities give 
 this firm the largest yard in the city. It 
 is centrall}' located, corner Avenue A 
 and Twenty-second street, South Side. 
 They handle coal from the Alabama 
 mines entirely, and, having ample capi- 
 tal for handling coal and w'ood, can sup- 
 ply customers with all due promptness, 
 giving none but the best coal and 
 wood at the lowest prices. They sell at 
 both wholesale and retail, or in carload 
 lots to parties at a distance. 
 
 Mr. J. T. McKnight is a native of New 
 Orleans, and, being an energetic, highly 
 esteemed man, is an acquisition to the 
 business community. 
 
 Mr. George W. Haskell, his partner, is 
 from New York City, and is a man of 
 superior business ability. 
 
 The firm is a strong one and enjoys the 
 confidence and patronage of the public. 
 
 Saw Works. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM SAW WORKS, P. 0. 
 Box 631. — The most complete saw w^orks 
 in the State are in Birmingham, and 
 managed by Jos. Thurston and Thos. 
 Devou. They established this business 
 in 1886, and make specialties of saws and 
 molding bits. They repair saws of all 
 kinds and guarantee satisfaction. This 
 firm carries a large stock of circular 
 saws, hand saws, emery wheels, files, 
 fay and powder webs, and general mill 
 supplies. Molding bits made to order. 
 In sending saws for repair it is very 
 
140 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 necessary to have tliem packed securely 
 to prevent accident in liandling. 
 
 Tliey are also prepared to do all sorts 
 of puncliing and shearing of sheet metals. 
 Job grindinjjf and tempering of all kinds 
 of wood working tools. 
 
 Jos. Thurston was born in Ohio The 
 other member of the linn, Mr. Devon, 
 is also a native of Ohio. This shop is the 
 only one of the kind in the city and is 
 conveniently situated on the plat near 
 the Railroad Works here. It being a 
 fine establishment in every sense, Messrs. 
 Thurston i*c Devon deserve their busi- 
 ness success surely. 
 
 Dentists. 
 
 PERKINS BROTHERS, corner of 
 Twentieth street and Second avenue. — 
 Among the inventions of the nineteenth 
 century none are of more importance to 
 the public than those that pertain to the 
 dental profession. The practice of dent- 
 istr}^ is far in advance of what it was a 
 quarter of a century ago, and i^atients 
 have been saved much sufiering by the 
 use of new and better appliances. 
 Among those in this city who are well 
 up in their profession is the well-known 
 firm of Perkins Brothers, dentists, of 
 Twentieth street and Second avenue. 
 Since establishing their practice on the 
 1st of January, 1887, they have become 
 well known in botli this city and the 
 surrounding country. They occupy 
 most conveniently and centi'ally located 
 rooms, and are prepared to do tirst-class 
 ■work. They practice the science in all 
 its branches with the most invariable 
 succe.ss, giving satisfnction to all parties 
 who favor them with their patronage. 
 Their prices are low and within reach of 
 the humblest and poorest. A specialty 
 is made of gold fillings. Their ]M-actice 
 is extensive, extending throughout the 
 greater portion of the State. Doctors 
 Perkins graduated at Yanderbilt Uni- 
 versity, Nashville. 
 
 Doctors F. E. and \V. D. Perkins are 
 natives of Alabama. Since their prac- 
 tice in this city they have, by intelli- 
 gence and thorough knowledge of oper- 
 ative dentistry, built up a fine i)ractice 
 which is continually growing. The su- 
 perior class of their work, the very 
 moderate and reasonable prices, and the 
 genial and afTable manner of Doctors 
 Perkins have made them universal 
 favorites in Birmingham, and are re- 
 garded by the general public as j)rompt 
 and reliable in all their business and 
 professional engagements. 
 
 General Merchandise. 
 
 A. B. VANDEGRIFT, 1925 Second 
 avenue. — This is an important mercan- 
 tile enterprise. It was inaugurated sev- 
 eral years previous under the firm name 
 of Steel & Vandegrift, and in 1886 changed 
 to its present proprietorship. Under 
 Mr. Yandegrift's efficient direction this 
 house has assumed importance to the 
 city and surrounding ccfiuitry. Just 
 previous to going into business in Bir- 
 mingham Mr. Vandegrift was occupied 
 in large business enterpri.ses in Ashville, 
 Alabama, having been an esteemed busi- 
 ness man of that city for eight years, 
 wdiere he was a prominent figure in 
 trade circles. This house caters to the 
 best class of country trade, and inci- 
 dentally to city trade. They carry a 
 large retail stock of general merchandise, 
 embracing all that one could desire in 
 the way of dry goods, notiinis, hardware, 
 china, glassware, and crockery, clothing, 
 hats, caps, boots and shoes, and every- 
 thing in the way of choice groceries and 
 toothsome edibles from every clime, 
 teas, cofiees, spices, canned goods and 
 foreign fruits. The house occupied by 
 Mr. Vandegrift covers a spacious area 
 and is equipped throughout with every 
 facility and convenience of use in the 
 successful prosecution of so important 
 an enterprise. All orders are promi^tly 
 and efficiently filled that are left at 1925 
 Second avenue. Mr. Vandegrift has 
 long been identified with our leading 
 and representative business men. Born 
 in Branchville, Alabama, he lias always 
 held a high position and is widely known 
 throughout the State, and justly deserves 
 the esteem and respect he enjoys. 
 
 Jeiuelry. 
 
 J. A. MILLS, 1908 Second avenue.— 
 An expert lately established here in the 
 watchmaking, jewel and engraving busi- 
 ness, is J. A. Mills, a native of Ohio. He, 
 with the able assistance of J. B. Roden, 
 began business October 1, 1887, being 
 the successor of J. W. Lutz & Co. 
 
 Mr. Mills is thoroughly conversant 
 with the details of his business having 
 twenty-one years' experience, and study. 
 He is one of the finest watchmakers, 
 jewelers and engravers known in the 
 city. Everything in the way of fine 
 watches, jewelry and silverware is kept 
 in stock. He will be found to be an ex- 
 pert watchmaker, offering, as he does, 
 inducements fully on a par with those of 
 other city jewelers. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 141 
 
 Cotton Buyers. 
 
 CLISBY & WARE, No. 2215^ First 
 avenue. — The largest agricultural pro- 
 duet of the Southern IStates is cotton, 
 and in order that the producer may con- 
 veniently dispose of this pi-oduct, houses 
 have been established in all the South- 
 ern cities in order that there may be a 
 liome market for planters, and that they 
 <?an command the highest market prices. 
 Such is the business of Messrs. Clisby & 
 Ware, No. 20152 First avenue. 
 
 Both of these gentlemen have had 
 Jong experience in tliis line of business, 
 Jiaving been engaged in it for several 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Ware is a member of the Legion 
 of Honor, Knights of Pythias and Na- 
 tional Union. Prior to engaging in 
 business in this city they were connected 
 ■with the firm of Clisby & Company, of 
 Montgomery, and Mr. Clisby was at one 
 itime member of the tirm of Clisby, Janet 
 & Company. 
 
 They are both men of financial ability 
 and enterjirise, whose names are synony- 
 mous with the highest principles of com- 
 mercial probity and honor, and are the 
 most experienced cotton buyers in this 
 part of the South. Those transacting 
 business Mith them always find them 
 iTeady to give the highest prices for the 
 best quality oi cotton, and for all grades 
 •they will give the highest market price. 
 
 Real Estate, Stocbs and Bonds. 
 
 CLISBY & WARE. 2015^ First ave- 
 nue. — The rapidly increasing demand 
 for Southern timber and mineral lands 
 and city realty resulted, in 1887, in the 
 organization of the popular and influen- 
 tial firm of Clisby & Ware as real estate, 
 stock and bond agents, both gentlemen 
 having been known for years in commer- 
 cial circles as leading cotton buyers 
 also. 
 
 Their office is located at No. 2015 J First 
 .aveJiue, Office Building, Room 1. Their 
 
 experience in business as well as their 
 standing in business circles atFords a sub- 
 stantial advantage to customers. 
 
 They are both members of the Stock 
 Exchange. They ofier important induce- 
 ments to Northern and Western capital- 
 ists in desirably located l)usinessand res- 
 idential property in the city and sub- 
 urbs, improved and unimproved. 
 
 The firm have an intimate personal 
 knowledge of the mineral belt of Ala- 
 bama, and ofTer for sale, at low prices, 
 choice selections of mineral and tim))er 
 lands, and have carried through to a suc- 
 cessful issue many important transac- 
 tions. They attend to the care of prop- 
 erty and collection of rents. This is a 
 thoroughly responsible and reliable firm, 
 referring to such prominent financial 
 corporations as the First National Bank 
 ancl Berney National Bank of Birnung- 
 ham, Josiali IMorris & Company, Mont- 
 gomery, and First National Bank of 
 Eufaula, Alabama. 
 
 Capitalists will consult their best inter- 
 ests by dealing through this responsible 
 firm. 
 
 Both members of the firm, Messrs. L. 
 Clisby and James A. Ware, are natives of 
 Montgomery, where they were for some 
 time engaged in business. They are pop- 
 ular and representative business men, 
 and those guided by their sound judg- 
 ment and judicious advice can rely upon 
 securing remunerative investments. 
 
 Land Company. 
 
 ASPHALT MINING & LAND COM- 
 PANY. — The fact of Birtuingham's im- 
 portance is forcibly demonstrated in 
 every branch of business, and among the 
 many successful enterprises represented 
 the Alabama Asphalt INlining & Land 
 Company stands prominent. 
 
 The Company was incorporated in 1887, 
 and is in able and responsible hands, Mr. 
 W. H. W^ooldridge being President, Mr. 
 G. A. Baldwin, of New Orleans, Vice 
 President, and Mr. Chas. M. Erwin, Sec- 
 retary and Treasurer. 
 
 These enterprising gentlemen bring to 
 bear every qualification necessary to se- 
 cure to their patrons the utmost ad- 
 vantages from investments in the rich 
 mineral, timber and agricultural lands in 
 AlaVjama .'ind adjoining States. 
 
 The mineral wealth of tlie State of 
 Alabama is enormous, and there is no 
 State in the Union where there can be 
 found such extensive and rich beds of 
 the choicest minerals, the bituminous 
 
142 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 lands affonling inexlianstiblo sujiplies of 
 the best oonipounds for asphaltic purposes. 
 
 The officers of the Coiiii)any are^'entle- 
 men whose names are faniiUar in finan- 
 cial circles. 
 
 Col. Wooldridire is a native of Ken- 
 tucky, and is tlie Vice President and 
 General INhinaf^er of the Baxter Stove 
 and Manufacturing Company, of Bir- 
 mingham. 
 
 Mr. Marable is a native of Virginia, 
 and for many years was a traveling sales- 
 man, and in 18S4 organized the Birming- 
 ham Agricultural Works, which interest 
 he sold in ISStl, and became identified 
 with the above enterprise. 
 
 Dr. Krwin is a native of Alabama, and 
 formerly practiced medicine in his na- 
 tive State, from which he went into the 
 Confederate army as a surgeon. After 
 the war he removed to Mississippi and 
 went into the insurance business, where 
 he was for many years the secretary of 
 an insurance couipauy. When the Bir- 
 mingham boom began he again returned 
 to his native .State, locating in this city, 
 where he engaged in the tire insurance 
 business, and was among the founders of 
 the Royal (lire) Insurance Company, of 
 Birmingham. Afterwards he became 
 interested in the Alabama Asphalt Com- 
 pany and became its Secretary and 
 Treasurer, which position he still holds. 
 
 Mr. Baldwin is one of the youngest 
 and most progressive business men of 
 New Orleans, where he has been in busi- 
 ness for a number of years as a cotton 
 factor and commission merchant. He is 
 connected with some of the largest mon- 
 etary enterprises of the Cres(;ent City, 
 notably the Jackson Coal it Coke Com- 
 pany, of Mhich he is a director, and one 
 of the original ])romotors. 
 
 Under wise and conservative guidance 
 the Company ranks among the most 
 prosperous in the South, and are to be 
 congratidated upon the successful out- 
 come of their (>fibrts. 
 
 Their familiar fiidd of action is the 
 mining of aspbaltum, of wliich they 
 have an inexhaustible supph- in Morgan 
 County, Alabama. Their asphalt has 
 been tested by experts and pronounced 
 exceedingly fine for paints and varnishes. 
 
 The Company is also ])oring for oil 
 and natural gas, and the indication for 
 finding both is good. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 THOMAS H. MOLTON, 113 Twen- 
 tieth street. — The rapid growth of Bir- 
 mingham has brought forth in this re- 
 
 gion of the country a class of active and 
 I'uterprising people, whose dealings are 
 characterized by a clear foresight. 
 
 Thomas H. Molton, the subject of this 
 sketch, is a representative in this line of 
 business, having established himself in 
 Octobei-, 18S(). He is a native of IMont- 
 gomery, and was raised a cotton planter, 
 having received a liberal education at 
 ]\Iontgoniery and at I'rofessor Tutwaller's 
 School at Green Springs. He takes con- 
 scientious care of the management of es- 
 tates, giving special attention to renting 
 ju-operty, while close collections and 
 prompt returns are guaranteed. 
 
 He is the contitlential agent of Dr. Jos. 
 B. Smith, the largest individual real 
 estate owner in Jefi'erson County, whose 
 rents alone amount to about $;>5,000 per 
 annum. 
 
 Highly endorsed by leading firms and 
 prominent practical friends of his native 
 State, Mr. Molton has succeeded in the few 
 years since his establishment in this city 
 in laying the foundation of a prosperous 
 business. He enjoys the unlimited con- 
 fidence of his patrons through his 
 straightforward dealings, which ever 
 characterize his transactions. 
 
 Ciuil Engineers. 
 
 HASKELL & TALCOTT, Room 13,. 
 2015 First avenue.— INIessrs. Haskell & 
 Talcott are located in the center of the 
 city at Room 13, Office Building, 2015. 
 First avenue. 
 
 They are civil engineers and surveyors 
 of the first order, both of them having 
 been railroad engineers from their earl- 
 iest davs. The firm was established. 
 October 1, 1887. 
 
 The reconnaisance and location of raiK 
 roads are made, plans and estimates of 
 cost of construction furnished, railroad 
 work and buildings superintended, work 
 measured and classification given, lands 
 sui-veyed and platted, town sites laid off 
 and mai)S and transcripts made. 
 
 iMessrs. Haskell ct Talcott. in fact, do- 
 everything in the line of civil engineer- 
 ing and surveying, making a specialty of 
 toj)ographical j)lans and drawing and. 
 city and county surveying. 
 
 Mr. A. W.Haskell was born in Arkan- 
 .sas. He iias a i)osition with the Cahaba 
 Coal & Mining Company at Blocton. 
 
 Mr. H. R. Talcott was l)orn in Ric;b- 
 mond, Virginia. 
 
 The superior work of tlu'se gentlemen 
 has won for them an enviable reputation, 
 and they enjoy a patronage which desig- 
 nates them as leading and prominent 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 143 
 
 representatives of their profession. They 
 are generally honored and esteemed in 
 all circles, and are popularly numbered 
 among the representative citizens of Bir- 
 mingham. 
 
 General Merchandise. 
 
 J. B. EARLE, No. 1921 Second ave- 
 nue, between Nineteenth and Twentieth 
 streets. — An establishnient in this city, 
 where a complete stock of general mer- 
 chandise is to be seen, is at the house of 
 J. B. Earle, located at 1921 Second ave- 
 nue, between Nineteenth and Twentieth 
 streets. 
 
 The building occupied is a brick 
 structure, 25 x 100 feet in dimensions, 
 and two stories in height. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Earle, who was born in Ely- 
 ton, Alabama, established his business in 
 this city in the year 1878, and from that 
 date it has been a good one. He carries 
 a fine display of everything pertaining to 
 general merchandise. His stock is the 
 outcome of his careful selection, and he 
 never offers anything but the best to the 
 public, and that at the most reasonable 
 prices. He moved to this city from Elly- 
 ton, where he was engaged in the same 
 business. He is a most enterprising, go- 
 ahead man, and kind, good-hearted and 
 genial in every respect, as well as one 
 having the best business capacities. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 DAVID B. LUSTER, 107 Nineteenth 
 street. — There is nothing more econom- 
 ical than a well-made shoe. It is inva- 
 riably comfortable, always looks neat and 
 attractive, and outlasts the cheap ma- 
 chine-made shoe. In this article cer- 
 tainly the best is the cheapest in the long 
 run. 
 
 In Birmingham one of the leading 
 fashionable boot and shoe makers is 
 David B. Luster, 107 Nineteenth street, 
 opposite the Opera House. 
 
 He and his employes are practical shoe- 
 makers. 
 
 He is a native of Tennessee, and was 
 established in his present enterprise on 
 December 1, 1883. All styles of fine 
 boots and shoes are made to order. Best 
 materials used- and best workmen em- 
 ployed. Perfect fits and satisfaction 
 guaranteed. All kinds of repairing done 
 at the shortest notice and neatly. He is 
 an enterprising shoemaker, whose trans- 
 actions are based on the cardinal princi- 
 ples of honor and probity, his success 
 being but the natural result of good 
 work. 
 
 Life insurance. 
 
 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE. 
 ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK.— 
 The department of Alabama and Ten- 
 nessee for this popular Company has- 
 been located at Birmingham, Alabama,, 
 under the management of N. F. Thomp- 
 son, a well-known real estate and insu- 
 rance man. 
 
 This is the most successful life insu- 
 rance company in th« world. Has paid 
 to widows and orphans $5,000,000 in 
 seven years, and has $102,000,000 of insu- 
 rance in force. No company, either old 
 line or assessment, has made such a 
 record in that length of time, and where 
 best known has done its largest busi- 
 ness. It has written more business in 
 New York, its home State, than the 
 Equitable, the New York Life, or the 
 New York Mutual, and is relatively 
 stronger than either, its assets being $a 
 for everv $1 of its indebtedness, while 
 the Equitable has only $1.27 of assets 
 for each $1 of liabilities. 
 
 Its plans, books and accounts have- 
 been officially examined and pronounced 
 correct by the insurance departments of 
 New York, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, 
 Minnesota, Ohio, Michigan and Missouri,, 
 and its management endorsed by them 
 all. 
 
 Among its members are leading bank- 
 ers, capitalists, lawyers, merchants, man- 
 ufacturers, physicians and commercial 
 men of this country and Europe. It fur- 
 nishes insurance at less than half the 
 rates charged by old line companies, 
 being a happy medium between the un- 
 certainties of the corporative and the 
 extravagance of the level premium sys- 
 tems. 
 
 Its policies are incontestible, unre- 
 stricted and non-forfeital)le after five 
 years, with cash surrender or paid-up^ 
 value after fifteen years. It is the peo- 
 ple's company placing the benefits of 
 life insurance within the reach of all, 
 and has not a dollar of honest claims due 
 and unpaid. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 S. V. COLLINS & CO., 2319 Second ave- 
 nue. — This large grocery and commission 
 house is conclucted by gentlemen who- 
 have long been in the business, and have 
 all the practical experience necessary for 
 conducting, in a methodical way, a first- 
 class wholesale and retail trade. 
 
 The house is located at 2319 Second 
 avenue. Being accessible and near the- 
 
144 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 business part of tlie city, it is convenient 
 for buyers. They have a fresh, pure and 
 well-selected stock of all the staple gro- 
 ceries, sugars, coffees, ;teas. Hour and 
 bacon, also spices, tobaccos, canned 
 goods, and the various articles incidental 
 to the business, to which they specially 
 call the attention of buyers in or out of 
 the city. The firm has in its employ 
 several assistants, who aid them in car- 
 rying on their trade. All are gentlemen 
 of high social standing and business ca- 
 pacity, and their trade is being con- 
 stantly increased tiiruugli their industry 
 and enterprise, and they certainly de- 
 serve their past success and future out- 
 look for prosi)erity. 
 
 Jewelry. 
 
 ROSENSTIHL BROS., Jewelers, on 
 Second avenue, near Twentietli street. — 
 Representative among the mercantile 
 enteri)rises, we mention that of ilessrs. 
 Rosenstihl Bros., whose business was 
 originally established several years ago 
 by J\Ir. Rosenstihl, Avho was succeeded 
 in 18S7 by the present firm. 
 
 This jewelry bazaar is one of the hand- 
 somest and most popular houses in the 
 city. The storeroom, located on Second 
 avenue, near the corner of Twentietli 
 street is elegantly fitted up throughout. 
 The partners exercise the soundest 
 judgment and most excellent taste in 
 their selections, and have goods displayed 
 that command the attention of the most 
 critical. These beautiful and artistic 
 wares handled include imported and 
 domestic watches of the most celebrated 
 manufacture, diamonds of the most re- 
 liable hue, and the finest jewelry, all of 
 which are guaranteed to be strictly as 
 represented. 
 
 The firm has long practical experience, 
 having always been identified with this 
 business, and the people are showing 
 their appreciation. 
 
 Tailor. 
 
 T>. LUBELSKY, 2103 Second avenue. 
 — The trade of the merchant tailor is 
 well repi'esented in this city by a num- 
 ber of enterprising houses, and in notic- 
 ing those that are prominent we mention 
 that of Mr. Y). Lubelsky, centrally lo- 
 cated in the business i>art of the city, 
 and easily accessible by all lines of street 
 railroads and street cars. He does every- 
 thing in the best style in the line of the 
 merchant tailor, his goods being first- 
 class and prices low. 
 
 Specialties of the house are repairing, 
 cleaning and dyeing. 
 
 Mr. Lubelsky was in business form- 
 erly in New York and Cincinnati. His 
 store is a fine buililing, 25x50 feet in ex- 
 tent. 
 
 He is a native of Poland, having been 
 nineteen years in the United States. 
 Seven years of these he has spent in the 
 " Magic City." 
 
 Freight Transfer Line. 
 
 GEORGE C. HARRIS.— This enter- 
 prising and flourishing business was es- 
 tablished in 1881 !)y George C. Harris. 
 The office is conveniently located at No. 
 5 Twentieth street (up stairs). Room No. 
 o, telephone 908 ; postoffice box 623. 
 
 Mr. Harris is the proprietor of the 
 freight transfer line, whicli makes a spe- 
 cialty of transferring household goods, 
 etc., on short notice, hauling freight, 
 moving safes and placing them in posi- 
 tion. Mr. Harris tloes a large business, 
 which is daily increasing. He employs 
 a large number of hands and wagons to 
 meet the demands of the business. 
 Freight is delivered to any point in the 
 city at rates as low as any other first-class 
 company. 
 
 i\lr. Harris is too well and favorably 
 known to need any recommendation. By 
 his endeavor to please all in the freight 
 transfer business he has placed himself 
 among the most prominent in this line 
 of industry, and no establishment of the 
 kind in this city is more worthy of a 
 generous support. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 J. L. Y^\NCEY, 2007 First avenue. 
 — This well-known gentleman represents 
 the most popular and reliable real estate 
 agency, and also a rental agency in the 
 city. He is also notary public. 
 
 His present real estate business, estab- 
 lished in April, 1887, has formed the 
 most popular business in the city. 
 
 He transacts a general business in this 
 line, and gives especial attention to rent- 
 ing and leasing property. 
 
 Mr. J. L. Yancey carries on some very 
 large deals, and the amount of annual 
 trade indicates the importance of this 
 business as related to the varied interests 
 of the city, 'i'he bulk of trade is carried 
 on in the immediate vicinity of the city, 
 and the books show deals in the very 
 finest city property. A heavy trade is 
 carried on in suburban lots, and the uni- 
 form fairness and courtesy shown in his 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 145 
 
 business transactions have won for INIr. 
 Yancey a deserved i^opularity, and has 
 been a large factor in the steady growtli 
 of business. The transactions include 
 the collection of rents, the payment of 
 taxes, leasing, conveyancing, etc., in all 
 of which this popular agent has given 
 general satisfaction. 
 
 Restaurant. 
 
 ALABAMA CLUB RESTAURANT, 
 
 Twenty-first street, between Second and 
 Third avenues. — An indispensable ad- 
 junct to any city of importance is a good 
 French restaurant. Such a place in every 
 way is the Alabama Club Restaurant, es- 
 tablished November 1, 1887. This most 
 attractive looking place never fails to 
 arrest the attention of the jiasser-by, 
 being most conveniently located on 
 Twenty-first street, between Second and 
 Third avenues. 
 
 The diningroom is large and roomy, 
 being 26 x 56 feet in dimensions, and 
 capable of seating 150. Meals can be 
 gotten here— breakfast, luncheon or din- 
 ner — at any hour of the day, admirably 
 served by polite and quiet waters. In 
 such a place as Birmingham, where, 
 without ceasing, business, rush and stir 
 are the order of the day, it is very con- 
 venient to have such a place of resort, 
 where one can get a meal at any time. 
 
 This is the most pleasant and fashion- 
 able restaurant here, being largely pat- 
 ronized by the members of the Alabama 
 Club and their friends, as well as the 
 elite of the city. 
 
 It is brilliantly lighted every night 
 with electric light. The chef de cuisine 
 here thoroughly understands his busi- 
 ness, having been especially selected for 
 the place. 
 
 Mr. J. Galatoire, the proprietor of the 
 restaurant is, as his name indicates, a 
 native of France. He is a Mason, and a 
 member of the Knights of Pythias and 
 Knights of Honor. 
 
 Being reasonable in charges, he has 
 received, and should continue to receive 
 a liberal patronage, and being a man of 
 good standing, great energy and fine 
 business capacity, we take pleasure in 
 recommending his restaurant. 
 
 Bottling Works. 
 
 DAVIS & WORCESTER, Proprie- 
 tors. — The bottling trade of Birmingham 
 is ably represented and covered by the 
 popular Birmingham Bottling Works, 
 established in 1875. Since embarking in 
 
 their enterprise, the proprietors of this 
 flourishing firm ^lave met with large suc- 
 cess. 
 
 The bottling works comprise extensive 
 premises, the manufactory being a frame 
 building, 40x140 feet in extent, and is 
 fitted up with all the latest improved 
 machinery and appliances. There are 
 here employed a large force of hands and 
 several teams, engaged in the bottling 
 and handling of mineral water, ginger 
 ale, soda, sarsaparilla, cider and vinegar, 
 and all carbonated drinks. All of these 
 are unexcelled as healthful beverages, 
 the best proof of their superiority being 
 in the great consumption throughout 
 Birmingham and territory supplied 
 therefrom. 
 
 Mr. Davis was born in Ohio, and is an 
 Odd Fellow. He has been successfully 
 engaged in mining and various other 
 pursuits during his life. 
 
 His partner, Mr. Worcester, also is a 
 native of Ohio, and belongs to the 
 Knights of Pythias. By profession he is 
 a machinist. 
 
 They are esteemed and enterprising 
 business men, and are practical bottlers, 
 guaranteeing purity and quality in all 
 goods bearing their brand. Their goods 
 are standard witli the trade, in conse- 
 quence of which their business is assum- 
 ing proportions of great magnitude. 
 
 Groceries, 
 
 MOORE & HADEN, Fifth avenue and 
 Twenty-second street.— One of the lead- 
 ing houses engaged in fine groceries is 
 that of Messrs. ]\Ioore & Haden. This 
 house has controlled a fine business on 
 the North Side from the date of its 
 foundation. The premises occupied are 
 known as the " Lunsford Building," the 
 store being 31x48 feet in extent, of 
 brick and three stories. In stock can be 
 found a complete line of fine family gro- 
 ceries, table luxuries, teas, coffees, spices, 
 wines, etc. The best brands of flour 
 and housekeepers' supplies, besides the 
 many other articles belonging to a first- 
 class grocery store are kept. Messrs. 
 Moore & Haden have also fine accom- 
 modations in the Lunsford Building 
 for twenty boarders, who will receive as 
 much attention and comfort as at any 
 house in the city. 
 
 Mr. Moore was born in Alabama. He 
 graduated at college in Greensboro, Ala- 
 bama. Mr. Haden is also a native of 
 Alabama. They are full of energy and 
 in every way deserving the confidence 
 and popularity they have won. 
 
146 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 The Alabama Abstract Company. 
 
 [Official Authority of Jefferson County, Ala.] 
 
 Mr. E. N. Cullom, President of the 
 above Company, possesses eminent busi- 
 ness and executive ability, and is con- 
 sidered an oracle on land titles in Ala- 
 bama. The mammoth business of his 
 •Company evidences his line manage- 
 ment. Mr. J. H. Wallace, the Secretary, 
 was a practicing lawyer in Mobile for 
 several years. In all dealing in real es- 
 tate the first and most important con- 
 sideration is to obtain a perfectly clear 
 and unimpeachable title, and in this re- 
 ,spect investors in Jefferson County and 
 Birmingham, Alabama, are peculiarly 
 favored in having such a careful, pains- 
 taking abstract company as tlie Alabama 
 Abstract (Jompany. This Company have 
 an account, as it would be commercially 
 termed, with every lot and tract of land, 
 which at once reveals the entire history, 
 the various hands through which it has 
 passed, the encumbrance it has borne, 
 and every transaction of which it has 
 formed a part, and by reference to their 
 plat books the forms of trade are shown 
 as they emerge from the original govern- 
 ment subdivision, and this feature of their 
 work is of vast importance in making loca- 
 tions and in showing the underlying 
 tracts on which the validity of a title 
 depends. When one realizes the amount 
 of systematically arranged information 
 at tlieir disposal it is reasonable for them 
 to look for the entire patronage of the 
 legal profession, to Avhose interest their 
 books are constructed. 
 
 An abstract from this Company will 
 furnish a condensed history of the title 
 to land, consisting of a synopsis or sum- 
 mary of the material or operative por- 
 tion of all the conveyances, of whatever 
 kind or nature, which in any manner 
 .affect said land, or an\' estate or interest 
 therein, together with a statement of all 
 liens, charges or liability to which the 
 same may be subject, and of which it is 
 in any way material for purchasers to be 
 apprised. It is arranged, usually, in 
 chronological order, and is intended to 
 show the origin, course and incidents of 
 the title, etc. 
 
 The books of this Company were con- 
 structed by an experienced corps of ab- 
 stracters and draughtsmen, and is the 
 only practical set of abstract of Jefferson 
 County, Alabama, in existence. 
 
 The personnel of this Company are 
 too well known in this State to require 
 .any eulogy at our bands. 
 
 Merchant Tailor. 
 
 I. MOSES, Merchant Tailor, estab- 
 lished in 1887, is centrally located at 211 
 Twentieth street, between Second and 
 Third avenues. As one of the houses 
 in this line of business which has been 
 instrumental in pnmioting the standard 
 of neatness in dress, that of Isaac Moses 
 has attained an enviable reputation. 
 His rooms are well suited for the trans- 
 action of tailoring, which from the first 
 continued to grow. Tailoring is here 
 done in all its branches at the most rea- 
 sonable prices and in the best manner. 
 
 Mr. Moses was born in Europe. He 
 has been a tailor all his life, in New 
 York and Selma, before settling here. 
 He received a patent (No. 103,487) in 
 Washington for seventeen years for ar- 
 tistic tailoring and cutting for all dif- 
 ferent shapes of the human form. Mr. 
 Moses intends to publish a book regard- 
 ing cutting on the most improved prin- 
 ciples, concerning which he will give 
 personal instruction to those who wish. 
 His success has been the result of his 
 sterling principles of commercial prob- 
 ity and honor. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 W. St. PIERRE, 303 Nineteenth street. 
 — There is probably no article of dress 
 upon which comfort and ease so much 
 depend as a good fitting shoe, and, on 
 the other hand, nothing causes one to 
 feel so ill at ease as a shoe badly shaped. 
 It is also true that the shape, style and 
 fit of boots and shoes have much to do 
 with the dress and appearance of a per- 
 son. It may not be generally conceded 
 that true econouiy, as well as comfort, 
 and comeliness, are always subserved 
 when we have our footwear made to 
 order, yet it is nevertheless true. A 
 skillful boot and shoe maker — one who 
 can always give a perfect fit — is rare. 
 Such a one, however, is in Birmingham, 
 in the person of W. St. Pierre, located 
 on Nineteenth street, opposite the post- 
 office. 
 
 Monsieur St. Pierre is a native of 
 France, and not yet in the prime of 
 life. He learned his trade in his native 
 country, and many years practice has 
 made him perfect in this special line. 
 He is known here as the "Lightning 
 Repairer," for he completes his work in 
 a remarkably quick time. His work is 
 of the best quality and made from the 
 best material, and no work is allowed to 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 147 
 
 leave the store without being inspected 
 and warranted. It may be mentioned 
 in this connection that three months 
 during the Centennial of 1876 Monsieur 
 St. Pierre worlved (making shoes) at the 
 great exposition, and took the first prem- 
 ium of $300 in gold for skilled mechan- 
 ism in the manufacture of both boots 
 and shoes. This was a compliment from 
 a high source and one well merited, and 
 which he has subsequently well sus- 
 tained. The proprietor also keeps all 
 kinds of boots and shoes at prices to suit 
 customers, though he makes a specialty 
 of naakingto order fine hand-made work. 
 His patrons number many of the best 
 citizens of Birmingham, and those who 
 extend their patronage once are sure to 
 call again. Monsieur St. Pierre is un- 
 questionably one of the best skilled me- 
 chanics in the South. He has resided 
 here not quite two years, but in that 
 time has made many warm friends and 
 numerous patrons, whose esteem and 
 confidence he has gained and now en- 
 joys. 
 
 Coal and Brick. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM COAL AND BRICK 
 COMPANY. — In giving an authentic his- 
 tory of the business interests of Bir- 
 mingham and her capabilities for sup- 
 plying the demands made upon her by 
 the surrounding country, we must not 
 ■omit mention of the exteiisive coal and 
 brick interest as conducted by the Bir- 
 mingham Coal and Brick Comj^any. 
 This company owns extensive mines in 
 Walker County, having a capacity of 
 irom 100 to 150 tons per day. Besides 
 extensively mining domestic and steam 
 •coal, they ship said coal largely to all 
 parts. They manufacture as well a very 
 fine soft kiln brick terra-cotta, having 
 -the finest clay at their command for these 
 purposes. 
 
 Mr. Lon Gresham, general manager of 
 the company, was born in Arkansas. He 
 formerly was in the Southern Bell Tele- 
 phone Company. 
 
 Mr. John D. Elliott has been two or 
 three years in the real estate, stock and 
 bond business. 
 
 Having every facility to properly 
 handle coal, and to ship also to the dif- 
 ferent parts of the country as required, 
 prompt and active in all their transac- 
 tions, their present success is due to the 
 honorable principles manifested in con- 
 ducting their business, and which ever 
 leads to success. 
 
 Yards, Avenue A and Twenty-second 
 ^street. 
 
 Marble. 
 
 CITY MARBLE WORKS.— Among 
 the firms engaged in the marble business 
 in this city, "The City Marble Works " 
 stand among the foremost. Tlie business 
 was founded in 1875, Mr. N. Roberts be- 
 ing the successor of A. J. Yancey. He 
 manufactures every variety of monu- 
 mental and cemetery work and grave- 
 stones, and is an extensive dealer in 
 native and foreign marble and granite. 
 The premises occupied are centrally 
 located at First and Morris avenues, be- 
 tween Twentieth and Twenty-first streets. 
 The polishing, cutting and lettering are 
 all done at the shop, the finest grade of 
 granite and marble being used. 
 
 Mr. Roberts is a native of Philadel- 
 phia, which city he left in 1840, having 
 there been engaged in the marble busi- 
 ness. He is an Odd Fellow, and is 
 thoroughly acquainted with all the de- 
 tails of his business. Mr. Roberts, too, 
 is a business man of the strictest in- 
 tegrity. 
 
 Bakery. 
 
 THE NEW YORK BAKERY.— One 
 
 of the most complete and thoroughly 
 equipped establishments in the bakery 
 and staple and fancy grocery business is 
 " The New York Model Bakery," located 
 at No. 212 South Twenty-second street, 
 between Avenues B and C. It was es- 
 tablished on the 16th of December, 1887. 
 
 The business of this house — wholesale 
 and retail — has since the first been a 
 good one. The finest quality of bread, 
 cakes and pastry are made and supplied 
 to merchants and families. They also 
 make the best quality of ice cream, which 
 is sold at retail, and also delivered to 
 families by the quart or gallon. A full 
 line, too, of staple and fancy groceries is 
 always on hand. A free delivery wagon 
 delivers bread and cakes morning and 
 evening to customers. A specialty is 
 made of rye and Graham bread. The 
 bakery is at the rear of the house, where 
 are all the latest and most approved 
 facilities for conducting the business. 
 
 Mr. J. F. Roessler is a native of 
 Charleston, South Carolina, where he 
 was for many years in the grocery busi- 
 ness. He is a Mason and a member of 
 the Young Men's Christian Association. 
 He also belongs to several benevolent 
 societies at Charleston. 
 
 M. S. F. Hermann, his partner, was 
 born at Williamsburg, Brooklyn, but has 
 lived in New York most of his life. He 
 also is a member of the Young Men's 
 
148 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Christian Association. He was formerly 
 at Lakeview Hotel. 
 
 The quality of the goods can be guar- 
 anteed, as the bakery is under the im- 
 mediate supervision of IMr. Hermann, a 
 man who has had a life-long experience 
 in this special line of business. We be- 
 speak for them a liberal patronage. 
 
 Mr. Hernuuin is a son of J. F. Her. 
 mann, of White Plains, N. Y., where the 
 latter conducts a large bakery business, 
 and for twenty years he lived in New York 
 City, and for thirty years he has been 
 engaged in his present pursuit. He is 
 among the most honoi-ed and respected 
 citizens of White Plains. 
 
 Lime, Cement, Etc, 
 
 H. H. MAYBERRY CO.— Among the 
 most prosperous mercantile establish- 
 ments on the busy thoroughfare — 20th 
 street — will be found that of H. H. May- 
 berry & Co., wholesale and i-etail dealers 
 in lime, cement, plaster and hair. The 
 business was established at this location 
 on the 1st of A^jril, 1888. The city trade 
 extends to points as distant as Jackson, 
 Mississippi, and Columbus, Georgia. 
 The two spacious warehouses used, cov- 
 ering half a block, are on the Belt Rail- 
 road, on Tenth avenue, between Seven- 
 teenth and Eighteenth streets, North, 
 where the wholesale business is trans- 
 acted, wliile the retail is transacted on 
 Twentieth street, near corner of Powell 
 avenue, where the offices are located. 
 
 Mr. Mayberry was born in Franklin, 
 Tennessee. His partners, Messrs. Francis 
 & Chenoweth, of Alabama, are well 
 known as owners of one of the lai'gest 
 hardware houses in this city. 
 
 The great success achieved by this 
 firm is due largely to the general excel- 
 lence of the stock handled, as well as the 
 moderate prices at which the goods are 
 purchasable. 
 
 Locksmiths and Bell Hangers. 
 
 MANGIN & BOUCHOUX, corner of 
 Third avenue and Twenty-first street. — 
 Good locksmiths and bell hangers are 
 indispensable adjuncts to every com- 
 munity, and it is safe to say that in Bir- 
 mingham there are none in that line 
 more capable or prompt in fulfilling con- 
 tracts than Messrs. Mangin & Bouchoux. 
 Their store is a roomy one, and contains 
 a large and complete stock of all tlie 
 articles and metals used in their trade. 
 The)' employ experienced hands only, 
 and the work which they execute under 
 
 ! skillful management will bear comparison 
 with any done elsewhere. 
 
 This firm was established in 1885 by 
 these gentlemen. They do iron work of 
 all sorts, and are agents for the celebrated 
 Chamjiion Iron Fence. 
 
 Mr. L. Mangin was born in New Or- 
 leans. His partner, Mr. V. J. Bouchoux, 
 too. is a native of New Orleans, and be- 
 longs to the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 They use only the best materials, in- 
 variably giving satisfaction in every way, 
 Thorouglil)' conscientious and prompt in 
 the performance of contracts, all who 
 transact business with them regard them 
 reliable. 
 
 Lumber. Etc. 
 
 MARBURY, JONES & CO., Four- 
 teenth street and Ninth av.enue, North. — 
 The lumber trade, like all other branches 
 of commercial life, is well represented 
 in this busy city, a prominent establish- 
 ment in this line being that of Marbury, 
 Jones & Co., successors to Smith, Mar- 
 bury & Co. 
 
 This firm is a branch house of Marbury 
 & Jones' well-known and old-established 
 saw mill at Bozeman, Alabama, which 
 supply their product to thirteen States 
 (Northern and AVestern). 
 I Marbury, Jones & Co. deal in lumber, 
 laths, shingles, flooring, weather-board- 
 ing, ceiling, etc., and supply this section 
 of the country, over which Mr. Angell 
 has full control. 
 
 The yard and office are located on 
 Fourteenth street and Ninth avenue, 
 North, and are quickly reached either by 
 the Ensley Railway or Eighth avenue 
 horse cars. An extensive factory is on 
 the premises — 90 feet square — a large 
 part being covered by a second story, 
 30 X 90 feet. The machinery is of the 
 best improved type, opeiated by heavy 
 steam power, and a large force of hands 
 is employed. 
 
 The members of the firm, Messrs. J. 
 H. Marbury and W. T. Angell, were 
 born in Tennessee, and Mr. T. L. Jones 
 in Kentucky, though he has lived in 
 this State many years. 
 
 Mr. Marbury is a Mason, and has been 
 in the business sixteen years. He fought 
 during the war in the Confederate States 
 Army. 
 
 Mr. Jones belongs to the Knights of 
 Pythias. 
 
 Mr. Angell also belongs to the Knights 
 of Pythias, and has been four years a 
 member of the firm, having been an 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 149 
 
 «mploye of the house before that time 
 ior eight years. 
 
 Thus they are practically experienced 
 in the lumber business, and are amply 
 ■qualified for conducting the enterprise 
 with ever increasing success. 
 
 Lumber, Etc. 
 
 C. M. SMITH & CO. are wholesale 
 -and retail dealers in long leaf yellow 
 j)ine lumber, laths and cypress shingles, 
 making ' flooring, ceiling and finishing 
 lumber a specialty. The well arranged 
 yards, are supplied with all requisite 
 business facilities. A large, comprehen- 
 sive and complete stock is carried, and a 
 force of men and teams is employed in 
 ;the transaction of the extensive busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Messrs. C. M. and B. C. Smith, com- 
 posing the firm, are natives of Alabama, 
 .and are energetic and capable business 
 men. These gentlemen were formerly 
 in the saw mill business. This firm, by 
 well-directed and popular management 
 have naturally augmented the old time 
 prosperity of the enteri^rise, and occupy 
 a, position prominent among business 
 anen. 
 
 Their yard and office are at the corner 
 of Morris avenue and Twenty-third street. 
 
 Wholesale Produce. 
 
 S. W. EMMONS, 2124 Second avenue, 
 ^lear Twf a ty- second street. — Indispen- 
 isable in ail communities is a well regu- 
 lated produce store, to conduct which 
 j-equires sound business tact and judg- 
 xnent in the selection of the various 
 •commodities that come under this line 
 of trade. At No. 2124 Second avenue, 
 3iear Twenty-second street, can be found 
 one of the most enterprising establish- 
 ments of this character. It is conducted 
 by S. W. Emmons. 
 
 While there are many houses in this 
 line, Mr. Emmons was the first to com- 
 :tnence a produce business in Birming- 
 Jiam in 1883, when this now large and 
 .flourishing city was comparatively in its 
 .infancy. 
 
 He was formerly in the mercantile 
 ".business before coming to Birmingham, 
 .•and was for four years connected with 
 the sheriff's office in Panola County, 
 ^Mississippi. Being thoroughly a busi- 
 :iiess man, his motto is, " Quick sales 
 .^nd small profits," and all who favor 
 .him with their patronage will find that 
 •while his goods are of the best quality, 
 ills prices wall compare favorably with 
 any. 
 
 11 
 
 Coffee, Tea, Spices. 
 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC TEA COM- 
 
 PANY.— The Southern Pacific Tea Com- 
 pany handle more tea and coffee than 
 any firm in Birmingham, and is one of 
 the oldest business houses in the city. 
 This firm was established in 1876 by H. 
 M. Swope, a native of Bavaria. He is a 
 member of the United Brotherhood and 
 United Workmen. They buy from Cali- 
 fornia, New Orleans and New York 
 direct. They have one of the most at- 
 tractive storerooms in the city — a two- 
 story brick building, 25 x 60 feet, having 
 an extra building in the rear for roasting 
 coffee. 
 
 One will find this enterprising and 
 popular firm on Second avenue, between 
 Twenty-first and Twenty-second streets. 
 The telephone call is No. 129. 
 
 Laundry. 
 
 EXCELSIOR STEAM LAUNDRY, 
 
 308-310 Nineteenth street.— The Excel- 
 sior Steam Laundry was established 
 February 25, 1887. This laundry has 
 rapidly grown in poiDularity and is re- 
 garded among the most reliable here. 
 The location is central, being the adjoin- 
 ing building to the postoftice, at Nos. 308 
 and 310 Nineteenth street. The pro- 
 prietors are men who move with the 
 times. The machinery and everything 
 in connection with the laundry are of the 
 most approved and modern make. 
 
 Mr. George A. Blinn and his son are 
 natives of Covington, Kentucky. They 
 are men who possess sterling qualities. 
 They are thorough-going in everything 
 they undertake, possessing every facility 
 for the successful management of their 
 business. 
 
 City Engineer. 
 
 J. R. CARTER, the city engineer, es- 
 tablishe;! himself in Birmingham in 1882, 
 and since that time has gained a business 
 standing of high degree upon his intel- 
 lectual, professional and social merits. 
 The office of city engineer being a diffi- 
 cult one to fill, we feel assured that one 
 to fill the i^osition must be thoroughly 
 practical and essentially learned. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Carter is a native of Tennes- 
 see, and a highly honored and respected 
 Knight of Pythias. Also past chancel- 
 lor of the Jefl'erson Valley Lodge and a 
 member of the Grand Lodge of Ala- 
 bama, and vestryman of the Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
150 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 jMr. Carter has always been a civil 
 engineer, except a short time, when he 
 was United States ganger in Tennessee. 
 He was educated in Charlottesville, Vir- 
 ginia, at the University, and lias had 
 profitable and servicealjle experience as 
 a civil engineer in Mexico and Central 
 America. 
 
 Paints, Etc. 
 
 SAM. H. HARRIS, No. :U2 North 
 Twentieth street. — One of the leading 
 business houses of recent establishment 
 is that of Mr. Sam. H. Harris, dealer in 
 paints, oil, glass, and wall paper, located 
 at 312 North Twentieth street. 
 
 The premises occupied are well 
 arranged, and 20 x 70 feet. 
 
 Specialties of this firm are paper hang- 
 ing, kalsomining and graining, house, 
 sign and ornamental painting, room and 
 picture moldings. 
 
 Mr. Harris is a native of Alabama, and 
 belongs to the Kniglits of Pythias. From 
 the foundation of the business he has, 
 with all credit (be it said) to himself, 
 kept up the standard and reputation of 
 excellence which first gave the house its 
 business sncce.ss, and which it has stead- 
 ily maintained throughout the period of 
 its existence. 
 
 Lubricating Oils. 
 
 LEON.\RD & ELLIS.— Among tlie 
 many branches of business carried on in 
 communities, there are none that con- 
 tribute more to the general convenience, 
 and are more generally needed, than that 
 of manufacturing fine oil, made by re- 
 sponsible parties. The Birmingham 
 branch of Messrs. Leonard & Ellis, man- 
 ufacturers of the celebrated Valvoline 
 Lubricating Oil, was established January 
 16, 1887, and a fine business has been 
 done in this region of the country since 
 that date. 
 
 The headquarters of this well-known 
 firm are in New York City, but Messrs. 
 Leonard & Ellis have brancli houses 
 throughout the globe, in London, Paris, 
 Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Fran- 
 cisco and St. Louis. This oil is strictly 
 cylinder and machine oil, and as such 
 has a world-famed reputation. The man- 
 ager of the Birmingham house is Mr. H. 
 R. Boorse, a native of Pennsylvania. He 
 is an able and energetic business man, 
 and it is owing to liis careful manage- 
 ment that tliis Comjjany has met with 
 such success iji this region of the coun- 
 try. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 J. D. CHICHESTER, 2105 Second 
 avenue. — The year 1887 witnessed the 
 rise of several real estate firms in the 
 city, among which must be mentioned 
 that of Mr. J. D. Chichester, a gentleman 
 of unusual enterprise, whose office may 
 be found at 2105 Second avenue. 
 
 Lie has l)een a resident of this city 
 three years, and is from Winchester, 
 Virgiina, where he was in the mercantile 
 l)usiness for a nundjer of years. His 
 business has already assumed large pro- 
 portions, owing to the strict attention 
 which he gives to' all matters of l)usiness 
 entrusted to him, as well as judicious 
 management and strict integrity in all 
 dealings. 
 
 ]\Ir. Cliichester does an extensive busi- 
 ness in l)uying, selling and renting city 
 and subui'ban properties, being thor- 
 oughly posted as regards the value. He 
 is a man of the finest character, and it is 
 for this and the al)ove mentioned reasons 
 that all parties who contemplate invest- 
 ment, or sale of city or suburi)an prop- 
 erty, are invited to call at his ofiice, 
 where every accommodation will be 
 shown them. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 J. A. YEATES, Real Estate Broker, 
 180-1: Third avenue. — The business was 
 founded in 1883, succeeding the tii"m of 
 Battle & Yeates. 
 
 From the outset, INIr. Yeates' business 
 has been a sub.stantial and growing one. 
 Every description of city and suburban 
 realtj' is bought, sold or rented on com- 
 mission, while a general collection busi- 
 ness is done. 
 
 This enterprising gentleman was bom 
 in Jackson County, Alabama. He be- 
 longs to the Free Masons, and is a 
 Knight Templar. He formerly was en- 
 gaged in business in one of the largest 
 wholesale grocery houses in Mobile, 
 where he is well-known and most highly 
 respected and esteemed in trade circles. 
 He bears an excellent character, and is 
 possessed of sterling integrity, and is. 
 considered one of Birmingluvm's repre- 
 sentative business men. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 ARRINGTON & ELLIS, No. 215 
 Twenty-first street, between Second and 
 Third avenues. — Among the enterprising, 
 firms of real estate and insurance agents, 
 engaged in business here, that of Arring- 
 ton & Ellis have a first-class reputation^. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 151 
 
 both gentlemen bringing to bear excep- 
 tional qualilications as regards expe- 
 rience, ability and intlnential connec- 
 tions. 
 
 This office liegan business September 
 1, 1886, and have advanced equal to that 
 of any firm in the city. They offer spe- 
 cial inducements to those desiring resi- 
 dence property, also to capitalists from 
 the North and West, seeking invest- 
 ments. 
 
 They conti'ol the insuring of large lines 
 of citv' property, and are al;)le, expe- 
 rienced underwriters, issuing a clearly 
 worded policy. Their premiums are the 
 lowest, and their payments prompt. 
 They are gentlemen of upright, honest 
 intentions. 
 
 G. C. Arrington is a native of Greene 
 Count}', Alabama, and was formerly a 
 merchant at Forkland, Alabama. 
 
 C. C. Ellis is from the same county, 
 and was an itinerant ministei' of the 31. 
 E. Church. 
 
 Hoiisefurnishing Goods. 
 
 HOOPER & BAIN, No. 309 North 
 Twentieth street. — A well-conducted and 
 deservedly prosperous business enter- 
 prise is that of iMessrs. Hooper & Bain, 
 309 North Twentieth street. 
 
 They are dealers in housefurnishing 
 goods, stoves, tinware, refrigerators and 
 coolers. The commodious and well- 
 arranged store is supphed with all 
 requisite facilities ; a full and complete 
 stock of materials is carried, and all work 
 pertaining to the trade is executed in 
 the best manner. 
 
 Special attention is paid to roofing, 
 guttering and tin repairs. The store- 
 room is in the handsome Watts Build- 
 ing. 
 
 Mr. Hooper is a native of South Caro- 
 lina, and Mr. Bain of Georgia. 
 
 They embarked in the present enter- 
 prise in May, 1888, and by superior work 
 and fair and equitable dealings have 
 secured a patronage and reared a busi- 
 ness which places them among the fore- 
 most in their branch of industry. 
 
 Booksellers and Stationers. 
 
 C0PP:LAND & STONE, Booksellers 
 and Stationers, 2014 Second avenue. — 
 The house of Coj^eland & Stone was es- 
 tablisiied in 1886. The location is at 
 2014 Second avenue, where they occup}^ 
 a handsome brick building, three stories 
 and 25 X 120 feet. This house does one 
 of the largest retail and wholesale trades 
 
 in the city in the book and stationery 
 line. They sell all kinds of school, mis- 
 cellaneous and blank books and letter 
 presses, and printers' stock. Fine sta- 
 tionery is a specialt}' of the house. The 
 store is spacious and conveniently ar- 
 ranged for the displa}' of goods. This 
 firm has met with fine success from the 
 moment the enterprising proprietors 
 embarked in the enterprise. 
 
 jNIr. Copeland is from Morgan County, 
 Alabama, and his partner, Mr. R. I. 
 Stone, of Dallas County. The success of 
 this firm is, no doubt, owing entirely 
 to their untiring energy, enterprise and 
 thorough knowledge of the business. 
 
 Liquors and Cigars. 
 
 J. C. MARKS & COMPANY, Whole- 
 sale Wines, Liquors and Cigars, 2117 
 Second avenue. — Good wine, like a good 
 friend, is the exception, but in this city 
 it can be found in the wholesale wine, 
 liquor and cigar house of J. C. j\Iarks & 
 Co. The firm was organized May 1, 1887. 
 The premises occupied are large, being 
 23 X 130 feet in dimensions, together 
 with a warehouse in rear of building. 
 The building is four stories, and among 
 the handsomest in the city. The repu- 
 tation of this firm for handling first-class 
 goods is and always has been widesiiread. 
 They supph' the trade in general with 
 the purest and finest l)rands of imported 
 wines, liquors and cigars. They also 
 are distillers' agents. The house keeps 
 constantly a large stock at hand of 
 brandies, cordials, absinthe, etc., as well 
 as American native wines, such as Cali- 
 fornia and Virginia clarets and catawba 
 of the purest make. Tlie proprietors, J. 
 C. Marks and A. S. Loventhal, compose 
 the firm. 
 
 Mr. Marks was born in Kentucky. He 
 was formerly in business in a large 
 wholesale dry goods house at Cincinnati. 
 Mr. Loventhal is a native of Germany. 
 He is a Free Mason and a member of the 
 I. O. B. B. He used to travel with great 
 success for mercantile houses. He is 
 well known throughout this section and 
 Kentucky as a prominent man, having 
 been for ten years the most efficient and 
 respected President of the Loventhal 
 Academy at Lebanon, Kentucky, which 
 was named after him. He presided over 
 two hundred students at this establish- 
 ment, and was always most popular 
 in his very responsible position. The 
 firm of J. C. Marks & Co. is known as 
 one of strict commercial integrity, and 
 as such is highly esteemed. 
 
152 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Mercantile Agency. 
 
 R. G. DUN & COMPANY, Mercan- 
 tile Agency, Robt. S. McKnight, ]Man- 
 ager, 2005 First avenue. — Tlie univer- 
 sally known INIercantile Agency of Messrs. 
 R. G. Dun & Comi^any is one of the 
 fixed, firm and indispensable institu- 
 tions of this country. It has done more 
 than any other one concern to encour- 
 age and strengthen honest, honorable 
 industry and to check the evils of an in- 
 discriminate and baseless credit system. 
 The Dun Mercantile Agency was orig- 
 inally organized in the city of Birming- 
 ham in the year 1885. From that time 
 to the present it has pursued the even 
 tenor of its way, growing with the growth 
 of the country, increasing in importance 
 and influence and continually extend- 
 ing the range of its force and facilities. 
 The Birmingham office is one of its most 
 prominent and important branches, and 
 has been in successful and continuous 
 operation since it was opened. 
 
 The jurisdiction of this office covers a 
 large portion of Northern Alabama, and 
 is connected with the main office and 
 every branch in the Union and the Do- 
 minion of Canada, with all of which it 
 is in direct telegraphic communication. 
 It is almost impossible to overestimate 
 or overstate the vast practical utility of 
 the services of this agency to the busi- 
 ness men of this country, or of the Bir- 
 mingham branch to the merchants and 
 manufacturers of this section. Its in- 
 vestigations are characterized by exceed- 
 ing carefulness and thoroughness, while 
 its reports and statements are impartial 
 and accurate. The law and collection 
 department of Dun's INIercantile Agency 
 is one of its most pronounced and im- 
 portant features, and has jiroved of in- 
 valuable service to a vast number of 
 business men. Through this depart- 
 ment it undertakes the collection of past 
 due debts in every portion of the United 
 States and Canada, engaging for this 
 special purpose a corps of able and re- 
 sponsible attorneys, and guaranteeing 
 the payment of all monies collected by 
 them. Substantial and practical evi- 
 dence of the efficiency of this branch 
 is the fact that since its organization the 
 Agency has collected and paid more 
 than $] 0,000. The officers of the Agency 
 here are located at 2005 First avenue. A 
 large reportorial and clerical force is con- 
 stantly employed, and very special at- 
 tention is given to the collection and 
 classification of facts relating to the con- 
 dition of the iron and coal industries of 
 
 this region. The management of its af- 
 fairs is in the capable hands of Mr. Robt. 
 S. McKnight. Conspicuous for his 
 promptness, energy and executive ability, 
 he is admirably qualified for the ardu- 
 ous position he fills, and he has the con- 
 fidence and resi^ect of the commercial 
 community. 
 
 Insurance and Real Estate. 
 
 DUNN & PHELPS, Insurance, Stocks, 
 Bonds and Real Estate, Room 16, Office 
 Building, First avenue. — The business 
 represented by these gentlemen was 
 commenced in 1878. They occupy a 
 nicely appointed office in the Caldwell- 
 Milner Building. They represent a 
 number of reliable insurance companies 
 and do business in real estate, also in 
 the brokerage line. Mr. F. C. Dunn 
 was formerly in the coal business in F. 
 C. Dunn & Co.'s coal mines. Corona, 
 Alabama; also with Dunn Brothers & 
 Leek in railroad contracting for three 
 years. F. C. Dunn was in the insurance 
 business in Virginia up to 1880 for the 
 five years previous. Mr. J. W. Phelps 
 has added strength to this already strong 
 firm, and so they push along to success, 
 establishing for themselves reputations 
 not made and lost in a day, but gaining 
 substantial and warm business and social 
 friends, paving the way for future pop- 
 ularity. We bespeak for them a liberal 
 patronage. 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 LUNSFORD HOTEL — Conspicuous 
 among these institutions which make 
 Birmingham the compeer of any city 
 in the land is the hotel whose name by 
 rapid strides is beginning to assume such 
 an influential place in the general wel- 
 fare of the people. The building was 
 .erected in 1887, on the best plans, and 
 furnished with all modern conveniences. 
 Running up five stories above the street 
 it forms one of the highest as well as 
 one of the handsomest structures of the 
 city. In keeping therewith is its interior 
 fitted up in the most elegant manner. 
 Its luxurious ladies' and gentlemen's 
 parlors with Russian rugs and silk divans 
 convey the idea of oriental ease. Its 
 bedrooms throughout the entire house 
 are furnished with the latest style of 
 oak and cherry furniture, wire spring 
 beds, couches, etc. They have both, 
 open fire places and stoves. They 
 are, without exception, the finest in 
 the South. The dining hall is well 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 153 
 
 lighted from three sides, can seat over 
 one hundred people comfortably, and 
 here, we might add, is to be found every 
 dish in season, carefully prepared and 
 served in the neatest and most palatable 
 manner the most exacting could desire. 
 The house is lit by electricity and gas 
 throughout ; electric bells and alarms in 
 every room. The service is polite, and 
 the proprietor takes special care to at- 
 tend to his guests' wishes in every par- 
 ticular. The hotel is admiralily located 
 in the center of the city, adjacent to, 
 but away from the noise of the main 
 thoroughfare, on Twenty-first street, 
 between Second and Third avenues. It 
 has a well appointed l^ar, is two blocks 
 from the postoffice, while the telegraph 
 office adjoins it. The hotel, since it 
 came under the present able manage- 
 ment in April last, has been most lib- 
 erally and successfully conducted, noth- 
 ing being left unturned to make guests 
 remember their pleasant stay. Mr. W. 
 G. Lunsford, the proprietor, is a son of 
 George Lunsford, one of the builders 
 who has made and who has been made 
 by Birminuham's phenomenal growth. 
 Mr. A\". G. Lunsford is also extensively 
 engaged as a contractor and builder, 
 though his genial and entertaining per- 
 son is generally to be found at the hotel. 
 He is ably assisted by his wife in attend- 
 ing to the establishment, and is to be 
 congratulated on its rapidly and steadily 
 increasing popularity with both the 
 traveling and resident public. Its rates, 
 from $2 a day up, are, considering the 
 superior accommodation, as reasonable 
 as any in the country. 
 
 Boobs and Stationery. 
 
 JOHN B. RODEN, AVholesale and Re- 
 tail Bookseller and Stationer, 1908 Second 
 avenue, between Nineteenth and Twen- 
 tieth streets.— Among the importantand 
 representative establishments of this 
 city that deserve special mention we 
 note with pleasure that of John B. 
 Roden. This enterprise dates from 1875, 
 since which time it has enjoyed a pros- 
 perous and increasing business. The 
 store occupied by Mr. Roden at No. IdiOS 
 Second avenue is a two-story brick struc- 
 ture 25 X 140 in surface dimensions, and 
 the general appointments embrace all re- 
 quisite facilities. He does a first-class 
 jobbing business in fine stationery, books, 
 school supplies, gold pens and sundries 
 in the stationery liue. The local retail 
 trade is lai-ge. Mr. Roden has also es- 
 tablished, two doors below his book 
 
 store, another mercantile house, where 
 he carries a large and select assortment 
 of musical instruments, sheet music, 
 music books, and musical merchandise 
 of all descriptions, also a complete and 
 reliable stock of jewelry, consisting of 
 everything desirable in the wide range 
 of this class of merchandise, suited to all 
 tastes and means. The location of both 
 of these establishments is admirable for 
 business purposes, and they are the 
 most prominent features of the busy 
 thoroughfare on which they are situated. 
 Mr. Roden is a native of Alabama, but 
 prior to engaging in business in Birming- 
 ham was occupied in agricultural pur- 
 suits in the Lone Star State. He has 
 developed wonderful executive ability, 
 being peculiarly adapted to the manage- 
 ment of his several business enterprises. 
 He has successfully established a branch 
 house in Gadsden, Alabama, carrying a 
 large stock of music and stationery. He 
 is widely known in commercial circles, 
 and enjoj'S the respect and esteem of his 
 many patrons and business men through 
 the State. 
 
 Rubber Stamps, Etc. 
 
 AUSTIN, HULL & COMPANY, Man- 
 ufacturers of Rubber Stamps, etc., 1916 
 Third avenue, is the only house of the 
 kind in Birmingham. The firm was es- 
 tablished on the 1st of April, 1888. 
 Messrs. Austin & Hull are from Orleans 
 County, New York, and Covington, 
 Kentucky, respectively, the former being 
 a Free Mason and Odd Fellow and be- 
 longing to the Knights of Pythias. All 
 kinds of rubber stamps, steel stamps, 
 stencils, wax seals, check protectors, seal 
 presses, etc., are manufactured. White 
 letters are a specialty of the house. They 
 do all the house numbering in the city. 
 The firm has enjoyed an enviable repu- 
 tation for unexcelled and skillful work 
 in the various branches of their enter- 
 prise, and all work is done at reasonable 
 charges and in a prompt and painstaking 
 manner. The members of this firm are 
 practically skilled in every detail of the 
 business engaged in, and deservedly are 
 regarded as leading representatives in 
 their avocation. 
 
 Paper Warehouse. 
 
 ALABAMA PAPER COMPANY, 215 
 
 Twentieth street. — Among the active 
 and enterprising firms of this city none 
 are more worthy of favorable mention 
 than, that of the Alabama Paper Com- 
 
154 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 pany, which has witliin a foini>aratively ] 
 brief period l)uilt up .sneh a hirge whole- 
 sale trade in writing paper, \vra2)i)ing 
 paper, paper bags, etc. This house was 
 established in June, bSSS. A two-story 
 bi'ick building is occui)ied, beside which 
 the most spacious storage room else- 
 where in the city. The scoj)e of trade is 
 large, extending through Alabama, Mis- 
 sissippi and Georgia. Printers' supplies 
 of all kinds are a s])ecialty of the house. 
 Every facility is at hand for promptly 
 tilling the largest orders. To the line of 
 pajier bags the trade will lind the stock 
 here best adapted to their requirements, 
 while the prices cannot be duplicated 
 elsewRere. The success of the Corai)any 
 in this section is owing to the abilities 
 of Mr. L. W. Smith, the manager, a 
 native of Georgia. He has achieved for 
 the firm an enviable reputation for sound 
 judgment and a ])rom])t, honorable busi- 
 ness policy, and their far-reaching mer- 
 cantile connections are of direct value to 
 the city. 
 
 Banking. 
 
 STEINER BROS.— The rapid strides 
 Birmingham is making toward taking 
 her place as a metropolitan city is wholly 
 clue to the enter])rise and intelligence 
 of her citizens, among whom none are 
 more j^rominent than the gentlemen 
 whose familiar names form the head- 
 ing of our article. The institution of 
 Steiner Bros, was founded on the 1st of 
 May, 1888, on First avenue, and is un- 
 doubtedly one of the most substantial 
 and best conducted ]irivate l)anking 
 houses in the State, having jnaintained, 
 from the first days the doors were 
 opened to the public, a rank and stand- 
 ing equal to any other bank. The cap- 
 ital stock of the bank is $75,000, and 
 thus it can meet any demands wliich 
 may be made upon it, the confidence 
 which is felt in it l)eing shown by the 
 largely increa.sing business. 
 
 Messrs. B. and S. Steiner are natives of 
 Austria. They are assisted by experi- 
 enced clerks, whose politeness adds im- 
 measurably to the pleasure of doing 
 business "with them. Their standing as 
 bankers is in keejnng with the jn-oud 
 position Birmingham has always held 
 as a moneyed center. I\Iany of the best 
 concerns do their banking through 
 them. The ^Messrs. Steiner take a lea<i- 
 ing part in all matters which are ad- 
 vanced for both the material and moral 
 good of the community, and are con- 
 sidered among those Ujion whose shoul- 
 
 ders rests the future welfare of Birming- 
 ham. Their bank is on Fir.st avenue, 
 near Twentieth street, in the Hewlett 
 Block. 
 
 Banking, Real Estate, Etc. 
 
 ADAMS, MEADE & CO., Bankers, 
 Real Estate and Insurance. — Foremost 
 among the private l)anking institutions 
 of this section of the country we men- 
 tion that of Adams, Meade & Co.. es- 
 tablished on the 1st of March, LSS8, and 
 located at No. 2005 First avenue. They 
 are the successors to jMessrs. Adams & 
 Falls, who succeeded Adams, Falls & 
 Finney. The members of the firm are 
 Mes,srs. Geo. G. Adams, Jas. T. Meade 
 and Robert J. Tuttle, of Tennessee, 
 Mississijipi and Alabama respectively. 
 A very extensive general banking busi- 
 ness is done, interest being paid quar- 
 terly on deposits. Adanis, Meade ct Co. 
 also do a large business in real estate and 
 insurance, buying, selling or exchanging 
 real estate and giving special attention 
 to the collection of rents. The com- 
 modious premises are fitted nj:) in a 
 style of appropriate neatness, while the 
 general appointment embraces all req- 
 uisite facilities. The patronage re- 
 ceived includes the best city and sub- 
 urban custom, and the general busi- 
 ness is prosperous. The ujembers of 
 this institutioii are well-known business 
 men of established integrity, and to their 
 well directed and conservative manage- 
 ment maj^ be ascribed the general pop- 
 ularity and eminent status of the insti- 
 tution. 
 
 Real Estate Lawer. 
 
 J. J. McDAYID, Real Estate Lawyer, 
 Room 10, "Watts Building. — Among the 
 leading real estate lawyers in this city 
 we notice conspicuously ^Ir. .1. J. Mc- 
 David, who has been eminently success- 
 ful in promoting the interests of the city. 
 The business was established by Messrs. 
 Hoyt ifc Dearljorn, who were succeeded 
 by Messi's. McDavid, Bradford & Co., 
 whom the existing firm succeeded. Mr. 
 McDavid has developed a widely ex- 
 tended trade throughout the Southern 
 States, and conducts a large enterprise 
 in the purchase, sale, exchange and 
 renting of property. He is a recognized 
 authority as to the present and j^ros- 
 jiective value of the residential and busi- 
 ness sections of the city, and numbers 
 among his customers many prominent 
 investors and pi'operty owners. Mr. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 155 
 
 McDavid was born in Madison County, 
 Alabama, and is an active and popular 
 member of the bar. He resided in 
 Huntsville tbirty-tive years, and bas 
 lon<i been identiiied with the profession 
 lie now pursues. He bas bad a lifedong 
 exi^erienee, and bis professional abilities 
 are of tbe bigbest order. He read law 
 in tbe office of Walker & Brickells, in 
 Huntsville. Hisotficeis locatedat Koom 
 10, Watts Building, corner Tliird avenue 
 and Twentietb street. 
 
 The Union Depot Restaurant. 
 
 It is justly said tbat tbe progress of a 
 •community depends not so mucb on tbe 
 natural advantages and facilities it offers 
 as upon tbe cbaracter of its men. Among 
 sucb wbo have abetted and stand prom- 
 inent in the solid and great advance- 
 ment that is triinspiriug on all sides in 
 Birmingham tbe name of C. H. Nabb is 
 prominent. This gentleman, a native of 
 Xentucky, is the enterprising proprietor 
 of tbe Union Depot Restaurant. It was 
 opened in June, 1887, by .S. P, Jones, 
 Mr. Knabb taking charge of affairs on 
 tbe 21st of April, 1888. He keeps tbe 
 laest table in tbe city, and has a dining- 
 room capable of seating one hundred 
 and fifty people. In tiiis spacious din- 
 ingroom, which is -10x50 feet, tbe most 
 savory v'anils are spread. The room is 
 tastily furnished, lighted witli elec- 
 tric lights, and is the largest and most 
 pleasant eatingroom in tbe city. He is 
 assisted by a number of clerks and 
 waiters. His rooms are frequently 
 used by special parties for banqueting 
 purposes. JNIr. Nal)l) was general man- 
 ager of tbe Southern Railway News 
 Company, Louisville, for a length of 
 time. His success in life is the reward 
 of ability and perseverance. There ai-e 
 few men who know their bu.siness better 
 
 than he, never failing to give satisfac- 
 tion to all. He is an upright citizen and 
 an important accession to the city's 
 business men. 
 
 Cotton Buyers. 
 
 SMITH & COUGHLAN, Birmingham 
 and Gadsden. — No class of commercial 
 business advances a city more than those 
 who advance the faruiing interests of tbe 
 covintry, and thereby the producing sup- 
 ply. This is done more jiaiticularly by 
 tbe commission men of tbe city. Tbe 
 firm heading this sketch bas been in 
 operation about five years, and have a 
 ripe experience in the handling as well 
 as in the markets for selling the fleecy 
 staple. 
 
 AVitb ample cash to buy, Messrs. 
 Smitli & Cougblan are pieparecl to make 
 liberal advances on cotton. They have 
 another office at Gadsden, Alabama, in 
 connection with the cotton "business. 
 
 Mr. F. G. Smith is a native of Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee. He lias been engaged 
 in tbe steamboat business for many 
 years. He is well known in the city as 
 Pi-esident of tbe South Anniston Land 
 Com pan j^ 
 
 His partner, Mr. J. H. Cougblan, is a 
 native of Boston. 
 
 Their long experience in the bu.siness, 
 with their extensive correspondence and 
 acquaintance with tbe cotton markets of 
 the world, has fitted them to realize good 
 prices for cotton, which brings them the 
 most liberal orders. Tbe firm is a lead- 
 ing one in tbe cotton trade, and is 
 entitled to the confidence of the readers 
 of tbe history of Birmingham, who 
 have orders of cotton to give, and desire 
 a good firm, possessed of executive abil- 
 ity in this line of business. 
 
 This is but a brief account of a firm 
 which, in every way, is worth}' of tbe 
 success it has attained, and the esteem 
 in which it is held by the entire commu- 
 nitv. 
 
 Lumber, Etc. 
 
 YOUNGBLOOD & EHRMAN.— This 
 enterpi'ising firm of lumber dealers was 
 estal)lisbed May 1, 1887. The firm sup- 
 plies in any quantity yellow pine lum- 
 ber, as fine as any to be found in the 
 State. A flourishing trade is carried on 
 in tbe city and throughout the State and 
 tbe South. Large purchases of material 
 and supplies are made in the South. The 
 yards, which are most conveniently 
 located on the corner of Morris avenue 
 
156 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 and Twenty-fourth street and along two 
 lines of railroads, contain all needed 
 equipments for conducting the trade. 
 All orders left here are attended to with 
 promptitude and are accurately filled. 
 The services of several men are required 
 in the constant liandling of lumber. 
 Yellow pine flooring is a specialty of this 
 firm. 
 
 Mr. W. Youngblood was born in Pike 
 County, Alal)ama. He is by profession 
 a lawyer, though he is not in active 
 practice. 
 
 Mr. R. Elirman, a native of this State, 
 resides at Clanton, Alabama, where he 
 carries on a most flourishing dry goods 
 and grocery business. He belongs to 
 the order of Masons. 
 
 The}' are men of fine business integrity 
 and are well known and respected by 
 all. Possessing, as they do, extensive 
 business connections and always prompt 
 and reliable, and having an estaljlished 
 reputation (which is a sure guarantee 
 that they will perform their contracts to 
 the letter), there is no better firm with 
 which to establish business relations 
 than that of Youngblood & Ehrman. 
 
 Merchant Tailors. 
 
 WM. SXYDEPv & SONS, 206 Nine- 
 teenth street.— A mercantile establish- 
 ment which has enjoyed a high reputa- 
 tion in business circles from the time it 
 was established — February, 1887 — may 
 justly be regarded as a reliable concern, 
 and a good one with which to establish 
 trade relations. Such a house is "NVm. 
 Snyder & Sons, 206 Nineteenth street, 
 under Florence Hotel. Mr. Snyder, dur- 
 ing the first sumiDer he was in business 
 had such a growing trade he was com- 
 pelled to increase his stock and help, to 
 meet the wants of his friends and cus- 
 tomers, and in the October of the same 
 year the firm of Wm. Snyder & Sons was 
 formed, and at this time is doing one of 
 the finest trades in the city. Tlieir stock 
 is new and has been selected with great 
 care. The premises are fitted up and 
 furnished with every facility and con- 
 venience for the display of the stock and 
 the prompt filling of orders. Custom 
 work of all kinds is executed to order, 
 a liberal and infiuential trade having 
 been secured throughout the city. Mr. 
 AVm. Snyder, senior, was born in INIer- 
 cersburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. 
 He is a Presbyterian, a Mason and a 
 member of the Knights of Pythias, and 
 of Honor, also of the Legion of Honor. 
 His sons, W. 0. and H. S. Snyder, are 
 
 natives of Franklin County, Pennsyl- 
 vania. The former is a member of the 
 Legion of Honor, and is single, the latter 
 is a Presbyterian, a member of the Legion 
 of Honor and married. The above firm 
 has cast its lot with the good people of 
 the "Magic City," and should be patron- 
 ized, being one of the most reliable 
 merchant tailoring establishments here> 
 
 Iron Worlis. 
 
 ALABAMA IRON AVORKS, corner 
 Avenue D and Eleventh street. — Con- 
 spicuous among tlie industries of Bir- 
 mingham are the- spacious works of the- 
 Alabama Iron Works, situated at the 
 corner of Avenue D and Eleventh street. 
 These works were established in August, 
 1886. The premises occupied consist of 
 two large departments, the ■« rouglit and 
 cast iron department and, the foundry, 
 each being 50 x 100 feet in dimensions, a 
 very large number of hands being daily 
 employed. Railroad and miniiig sup- 
 plies are manufactured here and all kinds 
 of wrought and cast iron work are made 
 to order. The President of this corpora- 
 tion is Mr. Henry Behrens, a native of" 
 Denmark. This gentleman belongs to the 
 Knights of Pythias. He formerly kept, 
 a store on Twelfth street and Sixth avenue. 
 The Vice-President is Mr. George Veitch,. 
 a native of A labama. The Secretary and 
 Treasurer is Mr. W. W. Barclay, whO' 
 was born in West Virginia. He is 
 thoroughly acquainted with tlie business,, 
 having been in it two years here, and two- 
 years in Pennsylvania. He taught in a^ 
 school and was general secretary of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association ini 
 Birmingham for one year. Mr. J. Smith,, 
 a native of Denmark, is the able Sui)er- 
 intendent. These works are considered, 
 one of the finest equipped iron works in. 
 the city. Proposals are received for all 
 kinds of iron work, which are always 
 filled with the greatest promi^titude and, 
 in the most satisfactory way. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 AV. L. DENNIS. — Amongthose in the- 
 furniture and household goods business- 
 in this city is Mr. W. L. Dennis. He 
 established here October 5, 1887. Mr. 
 Dennis' store is admirably located on 
 North Twentieth street. He has a large 
 trade in the buying and selling of second 
 hand furniture, and is thoroughly con- 
 versant with all the details of his par- 
 ticular line of business. The store is- 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 157 
 
 located on Twentieth street, corner of 
 Fourth avenue. 
 
 Mr. Dennis is a native of Centreville, 
 Virginia, and is a Free Mason. He has 
 been engaged in many enterprises — pro- 
 duce, furniture, grocery and the cotton 
 business — at Memphis for ten years. 
 Mr. Dennis l:)ears a fine character, and 
 is a practical business man, his ex- 
 perience and judgment in all matters re- 
 lating to his business being widely 
 known to his patrons. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 HOTEL ROYAL, corner First avenue 
 and Eighteenth street. — In reviewing the 
 important enterprises of a city, we speak 
 of none of so much vital interest to its 
 prosperity as the conduct and character 
 of the hotels. It is from these visitors 
 form their opinion. 
 
 One among the important hotels in 
 Birmingham is the Hotel lioyal, within 
 one square of the Union Depot. The 
 building is a handsome specimen of 
 architecture, three stories, and is fitted 
 in a thorough manner with all modern 
 improvements and lighted by the incan- 
 descent electric system. The rooms for 
 accommodation of guests are well ar- 
 ranged and attractively decorated and 
 furnished. With attractive entrances 
 and occupying the corner, as it does, it 
 is thoroughly ventilated and has a pleas- 
 
 ing outlook. It is of brick, being very 
 near absolute fire proof. Every depart- 
 ment of the house is convenient, in com- 
 plete repair and well conducted. The 
 cook and steward of this house know 
 how to prepare viands for the table in 
 the most appetizing forms ; the table is 
 laden with the substantials and the deli- 
 cacies of the season. The house has ac- 
 commodations for seventy-five guests, 
 whilst the spacious dining-roona will seat 
 200 people. It was established in 1887 
 by Messrs. Johnson & Nichols, the en- 
 terprising proprietors. Their aim will 
 be to make this the most pleasant house 
 in Birmingham, and it is with pleasure 
 that we refer our readers to this estab- 
 lishment, Avhere we are confident they 
 will receive all the comforts and atten- 
 tions which the most exacting may de- 
 mand. 
 
 Photographers. 
 
 REDINGTON, No. 1915 Second ave.— 
 The two art photographic studios situated 
 at Nos. 1915 and 2003 Second avenue, 
 under the skillful direction of Mr. Red- 
 ington have obtained a reputation second 
 to none in the city. Since the establish- 
 ment of this studio in .Tanuarx', 1887, this 
 gentleman has shown to his many 
 patrons that he thoroughly understands- 
 his profession. 
 
 Photographic work of every description 
 
158 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 is here produced in the hijrhest style of ! as low as tlie lowest, and quality niiex- 
 the art. Also portraits in crayon, pastel, j celled. The store is neatly and hand- 
 water colors and iiidia ink of the highest ' soniely arranged, and near the center of 
 artistic merit. The portraits taken in ' business. From the tin^X the trade of 
 his gallery are triumphs of the photo- 1 this house has contiimeil to grow in 
 grapher's art, and ^h\ lledington has popularity until now its patronage em- 
 won a deserved reputation for tiie j braces many of the most substantial 
 superior merit of all work executed by i business men of the city. I>r. Smith is 
 him. He has all the necessary modern i a cautious, conscientious Imsiness man, 
 apparatus and apj)liances, and is con- 
 stantly adding improvements to already I 
 ample facilities. I 
 
 Mr. D. C. Iledington is a native of' 
 Kentucky, and a man of wide reputation j 
 as a l)usiness man, having fornjerly en- j 
 ^aged in the drug lousiness He is a | 
 popular and well-known Imsiness man, 
 and since the inception of his enterprise 
 here has made a marked success, which ! 
 is the best evidence that his work is a])- ! 
 predated by the people of Birmingham, | 
 and lie enjoys the patronage of the very 
 best residents of the city and surround- 
 ing country. 
 
 a gentleman of !)usim',ss ability, one 
 
 who devotes himself to his wf)rk, and 
 
 who' has in consetjuence achieved a 
 success. 
 
 Druggist and Pharmacist, 
 
 _ M. M. SMITH, Druggist and Pharma 
 cist, 116 Twenty-lirst street. — In review 
 ing the A'arious mercantile enterprises i 
 which contribute to the business pros- : 
 perity and importance of this city we \ 
 give a portion of our space to the well j 
 known house which is the immediate ! 
 subject of review. No druggist is prob- 1 
 ably betterknown tlian Dr. M. M. Smith. 
 The firm was established in ]88G, Dr. 
 Smith coming from Tuskegee, Alabama, 
 the place of liis nativitj', where he was 
 engaged for a number of years in the 
 same business. He is an experienced 
 pharmacist, and makes a specialty of till- 
 ing physicians' prescriptions. His stock 
 of drugs is fresh and pure, and are 
 compounded with care. In addition to 
 drugs and chemicals he carries a fine line 
 of toilet articles, iierfumerv, fancy soaps, 
 brushes, patent medicines, druggists' 
 sundries, garden seeds, and a choice line 
 of tobaccos and cigars. The prices are 
 
 Booksellers and dationers. 
 
 SMITH ct 3I()NTGOMERY.— Con- 
 spicuous among the old established busi- 
 ness houses which form the basis of the 
 commer^'ial wealth and importance of 
 this pros])erous trade center should be 
 mentioned that of Smith t^ ^Montgomery, 
 whole.'^ale and retail booksellers, station- 
 ers, printers, bookbinders, etc. They 
 deal also in a si)ecial supply of architects' 
 and engineers' sup])lies. ihis liouse was 
 estalilished in bS4:! by Sorsby anil Smith, 
 and has been, since the present firm suc- 
 ceeded the old, more prosi>erous than 
 before. Tlie well-arranged f)remises oc- 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 159 
 
 cupied is the two-story brick stoi-e, No. 
 2022 First avenue— 25 x 140 feet in dimen- 
 sion. Besides executing orders for print- 
 ing, etc., the firm einploj" four first-class 
 salesmen and make a specialty of jobbing 
 in stationery and Itlank books of every 
 •description ; while the immense stock of 
 goods pertaining to this trade, together 
 with base ball goods, tennis, croquet and 
 archery sets — all are handsomely dis- 
 played in the salesrooms. 
 
 Mr. Smith is from Memphis, Tennes- 
 see, and JNIr. Montgomery is from Lewis- 
 Tburg, West Virginia. 
 
 Tobacconists. 
 
 HARRALSON BROS. & CO., Twen- 
 tieth street, between First and Second 
 avenues.— One among the most enter- 
 prising firms of this city is Harralson 
 Bros. & Co. This house was established 
 in 1886, and since that time has trans- 
 acted an immense business in this city 
 and surrounding country. The Harral- 
 son Brothers, seven in number, were 
 t)orn in North Carolina, but have lived 
 xnany j^ears in Georgia and Alaliama. It 
 is a remarkable family and their history 
 is a most interesting one. They are 
 known through the States of Alabama, 
 Tennessee and Georgia, and their repu- 
 tation as business men is held in high 
 regard throughout the South. They will 
 not handle any but the very best of 
 goods, consisting of the finest quality of 
 cigars, tobaccos, .snufi', etc. Among the 
 leading brands carried by this enterpris- 
 ing firm are : "Lucy Hinton," "Man's 
 Pride," "Missing Link" and other popu- 
 lar brands of the times. Mr. B. H. 
 Harralson, the senior member of the 
 firm, is a gentleman whose business 
 qualification can not be over estimated. 
 He is energetic, possessed of fine business 
 ability, and is in thorougii rapport with 
 his life's work. He is known for his 
 l^romptness in meeting all obligations, 
 and sterling business worth. The same 
 can be said of the other members of this 
 popular firm. The business of this 
 house has increased to such an extent 
 that the members are contemplating 
 making arrangements for more spacious 
 quarters. The old ])atrons of this firm 
 will never aljandon it, and in the mean- 
 time new ones are added, and the 
 Harralson Bros, will always be found 
 «qual to the emergency, and will be 
 ready to receive and accommodate all 
 who favor them with their pati'onage. 
 
 Printing. 
 
 THE CALDWELL PRINTING COM- 
 PANY is one among the oldest l)tisiness 
 enterprises of Birjningham, having been 
 established since 1881. 
 
 The re})utation of this Company for 
 fine and artistic printing is second to 
 no other establishment in the South, 
 and its standing as a printing house is 
 among the foremost. 
 
 The works are located on Morris avenue, 
 2016, and is a complete establishment. 
 The building is a three-story brick and 
 30 X 125 feet in tsize. The office and press 
 room are on the first floor, the compos- 
 ing department occupies the second, and 
 the third floor is the bindery. The 
 presses, book, newspaper and job, are of 
 the latest and most approved pattern, no 
 expense having been spared in selecting 
 them. The work done is even, smooth 
 and uniform. 
 
 In tile composing room is an endless 
 variety of type, and here may be found 
 almost any style and size, either for deli- 
 cate card work or for the largest posters. 
 Fancy and oi-namentni jirinting in colors 
 is executed by this Company, they hav- 
 ing attained quite a re{)utation for colored 
 show bill work On the third floor, and 
 in the bindery, is the latest improved 
 machinery for cutting, folding, pasting 
 and binding. This department, as is 
 
160 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 the composing department, is under a 
 skillful foreman, assisted by a force of 
 competent binders and printers. All 
 work is executed with neatness and dis- 
 patch, and prices are as low as is consis- 
 tent with first-class work. 
 
 The Company has a capital of $50,000, 
 and the president is Mr. Chas. H. Cald- 
 well, son of Dr. H. M. Caldwell, the 
 president of the Elyton Land Companv. 
 Mr. J. M. Caldwell, brother of C. H.,ls 
 treasurer. 
 
 Both of these gentlemen are young 
 men of superior ability, and inherit the 
 admirable traits of their distinguished 
 father. They are industrious, prompt, 
 reliable, and enjoy the confidence of the 
 business public. 
 
 Academy. 
 
 BELLEVUE ACADEMY, Nineteenth 
 street and Fourteenth avenue. — Of the 
 popular and growing educational insti- 
 tutions in the State, that forming the 
 subject of this sketch, " The Bellevue 
 Academy," stands prominent. 
 
 It was founded in 1883, and has been 
 in successful operation since that time, 
 steadily advancing with the phenomenal 
 growth of the city. 
 
 It is conducted by Messrs. Henry and 
 Brittain, gentlemen eminently fitted for 
 the position by reason of their peculiar 
 and natural adaptation to the work, as 
 well as their thorough education and 
 long experience as teachers. 
 
 The building occupied by the school is 
 eligibly located on the corner of Nine- 
 teenth street and Fourteenth avenue, 
 and the general appointments include all 
 the modern conveniences and utilities 
 requisite for the advantageous manage- 
 ment of an academy. Tlie special object 
 of establishing this school was to furnish 
 facilities for the higher education of 
 girls, and preparing students for the ad- 
 vanced classes in college, and young men 
 for business. 
 
 Mr. Henry is a native of Blount 
 County, Alabama. Both principals were 
 educated in the Cumberland University, 
 Lebanon, Tennessee, where they took 
 the degree of A. M. 
 
 Mr. Henry makes a specialty of math- 
 ematics, and Mr. Brittain of languages. 
 There are 100 students in attendance. 
 
 Miss E. White, a teacher of experience 
 and talent, has the musical and art de- 
 partment, and has met with marked suc- 
 cess. 
 
 Catalogues and full particulars may be 
 procured by addressing Henry and Brit- 
 
 tain, postoffice box 494, Birmingham, 
 Alabama. 
 
 Druggist. 
 
 AMZI GODDEN, 2031 Second ave.— 
 Amzi Godden, one of the prominent, 
 druggists of this city, came to Birming- 
 ham before the "Boom." Foreseeing; 
 that the business portion of the city 
 would grow more rapidly toward the- 
 east than in any other direction he- 
 secured a most excellent site for his busi- 
 ness, 2031 Second avenue, corner of.' 
 Twenty-first street. Dr. Godden's nat- 
 ural characteristics have gained him> 
 many friends; his business ability and 
 prompt attention to the wants and wishes- 
 of his patrons have made his business a. 
 prosperous and growing one. 
 
 This drug house is a model of neatness, 
 and systematic arrangernent. In additioni 
 to the usual line of drugs and articles- 
 carried by a first-class house, there is a 
 fancy sundries department, where choice- 
 articles for the toilet and beautiful speci- 
 mens of vertu adorn the show cases. la 
 the prescription department special at- 
 tention is given to accuracy. Dr. God- 
 den gives personal supervision to the 
 filling of physicians' orders, and has ob- 
 tained a well-merited reputation for relia- 
 bility in compounding drugs. 
 
 Insurance. 
 
 WM. HANDY, Room 10, Hewlett 
 Block. — This enterprising gentleman is a 
 native Mississippian, and graduated with 
 great distinction at Oxford, the Univer- 
 sity of Mississippi. Col. Handy was ap- 
 pointed as the only Democrat in the 
 Supervisor's District in Mississippi to 
 supervise the census of the Second Dis- 
 trict in the census of 1880. At the com- 
 pletion of the enumeration he received 
 letters of the highest commendation from 
 Gen. Francis A. Walker. He was elected 
 to the Legislature in 1882 from Madison 
 County, one of the wealthiest and most, 
 intelligent in the State, and was recog- 
 nized as one of the ablest and safest lead- 
 ers in the lower house. 
 
 Colonel Handy is a most genial gentle- 
 man, and one of fine presence, "well 
 calculated to make and retain friends in 
 business He boasts of his chosen city 
 as without a rival, and points with pride 
 to the Hewlett Building, which was- 
 built mainly by his instrumentality. It. 
 is safe to predict for this gentleman and 
 his worthy Company, the Southern Life^ 
 of Louisville, Ky., a successful and bright, 
 future. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 161 
 
 Brokers. 
 ALEXANDER & CORPENING, 1909| 
 First avenue. — The basis underlying the 
 commercial system is quite difl'erent 
 from that of twenty-five years ago. Not 
 many years ago commercial travelers and 
 merchandise brokers were unknown, but 
 now owing to the changes in the times 
 and the lightning-like rapidity which 
 •characterizes all business transactions, 
 they have become indispensable. A 
 ifirm here which takes a leading stand 
 with the grocery jobbers of Birming- 
 liam and con1;iguous territory we mention 
 Alexander & Corpening. Their ofiice is 
 at 1909j First avenue, over Allen, Scott 
 •& Co.'s store. They represent the heaviest 
 shippers and manufacturers in the 
 country, and sell goods on a small frac- 
 tional margin of profit. Mr. Alexander 
 is an Alabamian. He lived for a time in 
 Eufaula and Gadsden. He is possessed 
 of indomitable energy and enterprise. 
 Mr. Corpening, his partner, is a young 
 man, and a recent addition to the long 
 list of business men. He is a native of 
 North Carolina, and a graduate of the 
 United States Naval Academy. He is 
 active, intelligent and en rapport with 
 his business. Both members of the firm 
 stand high in commercial circles. 
 
 Real Estate and Brokerage. 
 
 J. M. CROWDER.— This is another 
 example of tlie men who have prospered 
 in this section of the country. 
 
 Mr. Crowder is a native of Virginia, 
 and served through the war in the 
 Nineteenth Regiment from his native 
 State, being later transferred to the treas- 
 ury department in Richmond, with the 
 rank of captain. He commenced busi- 
 ness for himself in 1856 as a tobacco 
 manufacturer, and in 1868 moved to Ala- 
 bama. He was in the insurance and 
 real estate business in Huntsville, and 
 also did considerable farming till 1884, 
 when he took the Riverside Mills, being 
 extensively engaged in the lumber and 
 planing mill business till 1888, when he 
 retired on a well-earned fortune to settle 
 in Birmingham. He has extensive min- 
 eral lands on his books in Lamar and 
 this county. He intends engaging in the 
 machinery business on an extensive 
 scale, and is opening relations with the 
 leading houses in that line. He has been 
 a Mason since 1866 and is a Knight of 
 Honor, a fine financier and an agreeable 
 gentleman. Capt. C. eminently demands 
 the attention of those looking for invest- 
 ments or sale of their property. 
 
 Trust and Savings Company. 
 
 THE BIRMINGHAM TRUST AND 
 SAVINGS COMPANY, Elyton Land 
 Company's Building, Twentieth street. — 
 This company was organized in Decem- 
 ber. 1887, with a subscribed capital of a 
 half million dollars. The subscriptions 
 to its stock were made by leading citizens 
 of New York, Baltimore, Montgomery 
 and Birmingham, who design that it shall 
 become one of the leading and influential 
 corporations of the South, an honor and 
 a blessing not only to the enterprising 
 city of Birmingham but to the State of 
 Alabama as well. 
 
 Its design is to offer a perfect guarantee 
 b}' its large capital and conservative 
 management to the poorer and working 
 classes for their small savings, and thus 
 encourage the spirit of economy and 
 thrift among them which has been so 
 influential in building up the flourishing 
 towns and cities of the North. By the 
 gathering of these littles into strong in- 
 stitutions money has been cheaper, 
 manufacturing institutions have been 
 built up and demand for labor increased. 
 
 Thus a four-fold blessing has returned 
 to the depositor. It has taught him to 
 save. The interest compounded has 
 increased his small capital. Interest has 
 been lowered so a poor man can borrow 
 money advantageously and the increased 
 demand for labor caused by the enter- 
 prises which cheap money induces brings 
 better wages. 
 
 Deposits as low as one dollar are re- 
 ceived, and interest is compounded, 
 semi-annually on all deposits of $5 and. 
 above up to $5,000. 
 
 It entered into its permanent quarters, 
 near the Union Depot, on June 20th. Its 
 banking rooms are the handsomest in 
 the State. 
 
 Its Board of Directors are of well 
 known and successful capitalists. Its 
 President is Dr. H. M. Caldwell, who is 
 known wherever Birmingham is heard 
 of for his wonderful success in manag- 
 ing the afi'airs of Elyton Land Company. 
 The Vice-President is SamuelJ. Murphy, 
 an old Alabamian, who has been living 
 in New York for many years a retired 
 merchant, and its Cashier is M. G. Hud- 
 son, late of Mobile, Alabama. 
 
 Its stock subscription was called 
 for 10 per cent, monthly, but has been 
 paid in more rapidly, so that when the 
 bank entered into its pei-manent quar- 
 ters on the 20th of June more than four- 
 fifths of its capital had been paid in, and 
 it is now looked upon as one of the solid 
 institutions of the city. 
 
162 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 SKETCHES OK LEADINO ATTORNEYS. 
 
 The Bar of this city is a credit to the State. It comprises much of the best 
 legal talent in the State, and among its members are found some of the finest 
 intellects and most eloquent orators in the South. The profession here has been 
 almost uniformly prosperous, and as an entirety has gained a wide reputation. We 
 append brief sketches of the ablest and most popular, and those most clo.sely iden- 
 tified with the growth and prosperitj' of Birmingham. 
 
 HEWITT, WALKER & PORTER, 
 2026 First Avenue. 
 
 This firm is, by common consent, con- 
 ceded to stand in the front rank of the 
 Alabama Bar, and is regarded as doing 
 the largest practice in the city. 
 
 Col. C. W. Hewitt, the senior, and 
 AVilliam A. Walker are both natives of 
 Jefterson County, and have been identi- 
 fied with the city of Birmingham since 
 its foundation ; they formed a partner- 
 ship in 187U and took in M. A. Porter in 
 1883. 
 
 Col. Hewitt was admitted to the bar 
 in 1856, and served as private in the 
 Tenth Alabama Regiment and as captain 
 in the Twenty-eiglith Alabama Regi- 
 ment till wounded at Chickanuuiga. He 
 was twice a meml)er of the Lower House 
 of the State Legislature and afterward of 
 the Senate. He was elected to Congress 
 in 1874, serving till 1886. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Masonic Commandery, and a 
 man of fine judgment, force and many 
 friends. 
 
 Mr. Walker served on the Mobile coast 
 in the army ; was admitted to the bar in 
 1867, and first practiced in Eiyton. He 
 was a member of the Legislature in 1878. 
 He is one of the finest speakers in this 
 State, and upon his shoulders devolve 
 largely the courtiiouse work of the firm. 
 He is a Master ^lason. 
 
 They are partners of the firm Hewitt, 
 McQueen & Co., of Walker County. 
 
 jMr. Porter is a son of the well-known 
 Judge, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1882. He is a lawyer of considerable 
 ability, and this year is nominated for 
 the Legislature, with every likelihood 
 of beinu; elected. 
 
 WEBB & TILLMAN, 
 Alabama National Bank Building. 
 
 This firm stands second to none in the 
 South and gives eminence and strength 
 to the Birmingham Bar. Mr. J. E. 
 Webb is a native of Hale County, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1865 at Eutaw. 
 He practiced in Greensboro, and came 
 to Birmingham in 1884. He has had 
 several cases in the United States Supreme 
 Court. In the army he served on the 
 staffs of Rhodes, Stewart and Bearing 
 with the rank of captain. He was one 
 of the organizers, is vice president and a 
 dii-ector of the Chamber of Commerce. 
 He is a Knight of Pythias. 
 
 Mr. John P. Tillman is a native of 
 Dallas County, and was admitted in June, 
 1871. He practiced in Selma till January, 
 1888, when he moved to Montgomery 
 and gained a big reputation as special 
 reporter in the Supreme Court of 
 Decision. He moved to Birmingham in 
 1884, and in December the present part- 
 nership was formed. He is a Knight of 
 Honor. He was one of the codifiers of 
 the Statutes of the State which went into 
 efiect December^ 1887. 
 
Birmingham 
 
 163 
 
 The firm has a large library and offices 
 in keeping with tlieir extensive practice. 
 Tliey are retaining eonnsel for tlie Berney 
 National Bank, Woodward Iron Com- 
 pany, East Birmingham Land Company, 
 Pioneer Mining and ^lannfacturing Com- 
 pany, Bessemer Land and Improvement 
 Company and a nnmber of otliers. 
 
 BUSH, BROAVX & WEBB, 
 Office Building. 
 
 This combination is one of the most 
 brilliant in the city and stands in the 
 front rank of the Birmingham Bar. 
 
 Mr. J. \V. Bush, the senior partner, is 
 a native of Virginia. He served in the 
 army in the Kinth Virginia Cavalry. 
 He studied law at the WiUiani and Mary 
 College, leaving it when the war broke 
 out. He was admitted in Virginia in 
 1866 and soon after came to Selma, where 
 he practiced two years. From 1861) to 
 1887 he was head of the firm of Bush, 
 Tayloe & Johnson, at Uniontown. Mr. 
 Bush was a member of the State Senate 
 from 1878 till 1"S82, and is a gentleman of 
 large intellect. He has been a member 
 of the lioyal Arch Chapter of Masons 
 ten years. He is president of the Hen- 
 derson Steel and Iron Company. 
 
 Mr. C. G. Brown, a native of JNIarion, 
 served in the army as a boy on Gen. 
 Garrett's staff, and wasarlmitted in 1868. 
 He practiced in Clarion till he came to 
 Birmingham in 1886. He was five years 
 district solicitor. He is a Knight of 
 Honor and a Knight of Pythias. 
 
 Mr. E. E, Wel)b has recently come to 
 Birmingham from Iowa, where he prac- 
 ticed twenty years in Boone, in that State. 
 He is a ]\Iason. 
 
 The firm is counsel for the Henderson 
 Steel Company, American National Bank, 
 Chi Ids & Co., etc. Thej' are pleasant 
 gentlemen, and are working for Birming- 
 ham's advancement. 
 
 WILLIAM J. CAHALAN, 
 
 Hood Building. 
 
 The practice of law calls into requisi- 
 tion more variety of talent than any 
 other business or profession and especially 
 in the province of criminal law, where 
 the attorney has to deal with the deepest 
 and strongest of human sentiments and 
 passions, for good or evil, is required the 
 keenest understanding and unlimited 
 powers of observation. Such a member 
 of the Birmingham Bar do we find in 
 Mr. Cahalan, who, possessed of mutual 
 
 qualities fitting him as an advocate com- 
 liined to years of close study and an in- 
 domitable energy has gained a wide 
 reputation and placed himself in the 
 front rank of the Bar in the South. In 
 this State he is by luany regarded as its 
 best advocate in a criminal defense. In 
 fact he is said to have acquitted more 
 '' guilty " persons than any lawyer at the 
 Bar. Mr. Cahalan is a native of Lex- 
 ington, Kentuckv, graduated from Spring 
 Hill College, [Mobile, in 1876. He studied 
 undei" R. H. Pearson and was admitted 
 to practice in 1883. Since then he has 
 enjoyed a steady and nott^ large practice. 
 He was leading counsel in thtTcelebrated 
 Sallie lioyd case, in the Ellis-Sullivan 
 trial, and has engineered most of the 
 principal criminal cases Mhich have come 
 up in this county in the last few years. 
 Of a retiring disposition, JMr. Cahalan 
 observes while other men speak, and in 
 detail of preparation for the courthouse 
 he leaves no stone unturned wliich will 
 weigh in the scale of evidence in favor 
 of his client. 
 
 GARRETT & UNDERWOOD, 
 
 First National Bank Building. 
 
 This tirm is one of the leading and 
 most influential at the Bar of tins city 
 and gives strength to the fraternity. 
 
 Jas. J. Garrett, the senior partner, was 
 born in North Carolina, his family mov- 
 ing to Alabama the following year. He 
 was reared in Greene County, received 
 his school education at Forkland, and 
 graduated from the Universitj' of Ala- 
 bama in 1856. He studied law with 
 Jas. D. Webb, of Greensboro : was ad- 
 mitted in 1857, and began practice at Liv- 
 ingston. He also edited the Livingston 
 [Messenger two years. He served in the 
 army ; first with Company G, Forty- 
 fourth Alabama, and latterly in the ord- 
 nance department. He resumed the 
 practice of his profession at Greensboro, 
 where he remained fifteen years and 
 gained a wide reputation throughout the 
 State. He was a year in Gallatin, Ten- 
 nessee, and in 1882 came to Birmingham. 
 Though never seeking office, he has 
 taken an active part in politics. 
 
 Mr. 0. W. LTnderwood was born and 
 reared in Louisville, Kentucky ; studied 
 at the University of Virginia, and was 
 admitted in 1884. The same year he 
 came to Birmingham and formed the 
 partnership, which has since gone on 
 successfully. Their handsome oflices 
 are well located in the central portion of 
 
164 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 the city, and their lai-ge business neces- 
 sitates the employment of three clerks. 
 They have a full set of abstracts of the 
 title of all conveyances and court records 
 of Jefferson County. 
 
 EICHARD H. FRIES, 
 2026^ First Avenue. 
 
 The Bar of Birmingham is noted for 
 its large number of successful young 
 lawyers, who are destining for the city 
 a future greater even than her marvel- 
 ous past, .\mong them the name of 
 Richard H. Fries stands out prominent. 
 
 Mr. Fries was born in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, his family moving to Pensacola, 
 Florida, a few years later. He was edu- 
 cated at Spring Hill College, Mobile ; 
 studied law in Pensacola, and was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1881. He rapidly 
 came to the front, built up a good busi- 
 ness, and also took an active part in the 
 political arena. To give his talents more 
 play he came to Birmingham in Novem- 
 ber last, and at once took his place in the 
 front rank of the Iron City lawyers. He 
 has matured a wonderful breadth of in- 
 tellect, is well versed in the principles 
 of law, and has principally important 
 cases put in his hands. A fluent speaker 
 he is often called on to address social 
 gatherings. He is now counsel in some 
 large criminal cases. He is one of the 
 special attorneys for the Georgia Pacific 
 Railroad and other corporations. In 
 Pensacola he became interested in the 
 Douglass Flexible Wheelbase Engine 
 now running there. He purchased 
 control of the stock, and with 
 others is having them built in Bir- 
 mingham, and will shortly introduce 
 them on the dummy lines. A pleasant 
 and entertaining gentleman, a musician 
 and elocutionist. Mr. Fries makes 
 friends of the best people wherever he 
 goes, and is a decided acquisition to the 
 vigorous ranks which are driving forward 
 this growing city. 
 
 JOHN VARY, 
 
 Alabama National Bank Building. 
 
 This young lawyer is an active 
 member of the bar, has made import- 
 ant use of the many opportunities 
 which he has had in making himself 
 a cultured gentleman and a successful 
 lawyer. He is a native of Marion, Ala- 
 bama, and studied at Howard College 
 and read law with his father, being ad- 
 mitted in 1883. He practiced a short 
 
 time in Marion and came to Birming- 
 ham in 1884, and up to this year was 
 associated in business with his uncle, 
 Judge ^y. M. Brooks. Since then he 
 has practiced law alone. He is a useful 
 member of the community, a Knight 
 of Pythias, and has many friends here. 
 
 AVHITE & WEATHERLY, 
 Hood Block. 
 
 This firm, lending eminent strength 
 to the Birmingham i>ar, was formed in 
 January lust, and is considered one of 
 the safest and "most reliable combina- 
 tions in the city. 
 
 Mr. Frank S. White, the senior part- 
 ner, is one of Birmingham's most lev^el- 
 headed men. He is a native Missis- 
 sippian, studied law at AVest Point, and 
 was admitted in 1868. He served in the 
 First Mississippi Cavalry under General 
 Forest. He practiced in Clay and ad- 
 joining counties, and also took a promi- 
 nent part in politics. He was a member 
 of the Legislature in 1876, being the 
 first Democrat elected from that county, 
 and prepared the first articles of im- 
 peachment against the Lieutenant Gov- 
 ernor. He was re-elected in 1882. By 
 giving liberal charters he induced more 
 miles of railroad to be built in 1882 than 
 all before. He came to Birmingham in 
 November, 1886. Mr. White did some 
 service for the Confederacy in the First 
 Mississippi Cavalry in the Western army 
 toward the close of the war. His part- 
 ner, Mr. James Weatherly, is a native of 
 Georgia, and was raised in Montgomeiy. 
 He was educated at Sewanee Univei'sity, 
 Tennessee, taught school in Montgomery 
 four years, and in June, 1879, took his 
 law degree from the State University. 
 He practiced in the capital city till 
 November, 1882, when he moved to 
 Birmingham, and has ever continued to 
 rise in influence. He is alderman of the 
 South Higiilands, and director of the 
 Birmingham National Bank, he is as- 
 sistant general counsel of the Georgia 
 Pacific Railroad. These gentlemen are 
 among the brightest minds at this Bar. 
 They are attorneys for the Birmingham 
 National Bank. 
 
 WARD & HEAD, 
 
 OflSce Building. 
 
 This firm stands at the very top of 
 the Birmingham Bar, and the gentle- 
 men composing it have a large influence 
 for Birmingham's welfare and progress. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 165 
 
 They are both natives of this State. Mr. 
 W. C. Ward grachiated from the TJni- 
 Yersity in 1858, but did not practice 
 before the war. In that eventful strug- 
 gle he served with the Fourth Alabama 
 regiment; later with the Sixty-second, 
 -and was with Longstreet at Gettysburg. 
 He was admitted in May, 1866, and prac- 
 ticed in Selma till he came to Birming- 
 ham in December, 1885. He is a man of 
 modesty, and a fine judge of men. His 
 partner, J. B. Head, is a vigorous and de- 
 termined advocate. He was admitted 
 in 1874, and practiced in his native 
 county, atEutaw,till last January, when 
 lie moved to Birmingham and formed 
 this partnership. The firm is retaining 
 counsel for the Elyton Land Company 
 and all of its associate corporations, and 
 for the Birmingham Trust and Savings 
 Bank. 
 
 DARRINGTON SEMPLE, 
 
 Court House. 
 
 One of the most talented and hard- 
 •working members of the Bar, is a native 
 of Montgomery, Alabama, and gradu- 
 ated from the "University of Virginia in 
 1879 and 1880. He practiced in Mont- 
 gomery till he came to Birmingham last 
 April. He was counsel for defendant 
 in the celebrated Sallie Boyd case, and 
 has had very important civil suits placed 
 in his hands. ' His father, H. C. Semple, 
 is a prominent lawyer of Montgomery, 
 and his brother is assistant district at- 
 torney of New York City, so that he 
 amply sustains the family name as dis- 
 tinguished lawyers. 
 
 WEAVER & SMITH, 
 Hewlett Block. 
 
 This new firm, formed on the 1st of 
 July, is one of the most vigorous and 
 •does credit to the Bar of this city. Mr. 
 H. Weaver is already well known here, 
 where he has been practicing since 1882. 
 Mr. M. M. Smith just came to Alabama 
 last year. Both gentlemen are native 
 Georgians, and graduated from her uni- 
 versity in 1877. Mr. W. practiced in 
 Newnan till he came to Alabama, while 
 Mr. S. practiced in Douglas till last year. 
 He was Mayor of Douglasvillein 1882, and 
 a member of the State Legislature in 
 1881 and 1885. The firm commands the 
 ■confidence of the people and the respect 
 ■of their law brethren. With their com- 
 bined experience, knowledge and ability 
 the firm is a decided acquisition to Bir- 
 jmingham. 
 
 12 
 
 BROOKS & BROOKS, 
 Watts Building. 
 
 The name of Brooks carries with it its 
 own weight, and few give more import- 
 ance to these pages. 
 
 Judge W. M. Brooks, the senior, is one 
 of the oldest and has one of the most 
 brilliant minds in the political arena on 
 the Bench and at the Bar of Alabama. 
 He was born at Sumter, South Carolina, 
 in 1815, and was admitted in 1838. He 
 practiced first in Marengo. From 1840 to 
 1846 he was solicitor, and moved to Mo- 
 bile in 1851. In 1857 he was appointed 
 Circuit Judge by Governor Winston, and 
 afterward elected by the people without 
 opposition. He moved to Selma in 1866, 
 and to Birmingham in 1886. He took a 
 prominent part in the advocacy of South- 
 ern rights in the Territories, and deliv- 
 ered maii)^ important speeches during 
 the stirring times which preceded the 
 secession of the Southern States from the 
 Union, At seventy-three years of age 
 his mind is as clear as then. Some of 
 the very largest litigations have been, 
 and are now, under his care. His son, 
 R. L. Brooks, and partner, is a promi- 
 nent young lawyer. He studied at 
 Sewanee, and afterward at the State Uni- 
 versity of Tennessee, and was admitted 
 to the Bar last year. Several years he 
 carried on the business of cotton raising, 
 and became one of the largest planters 
 in Marengo County. Naturally adapted 
 for the law, he was induced to study the 
 principles of Blackstone, and later fin- 
 ished at the University of Virginia. In 
 September, 1887, he moved to Birming- 
 ham, at once taking his place as one of 
 the men of this citv. 
 
 FERGUSON & PUTMAN, 
 
 Watts Building. 
 
 To add encomiums to the standing 
 which this name has already assumed in 
 this city, both professionally and socially, 
 would be superficial. We will therefore 
 merely say, Mr. C. AV. Ferguson is a na- 
 tive of Dallas County, Alabama, studied 
 law at the University, and was admitted 
 to the Bar in 1878. He practiced in 
 Montgomery, and took a very i")rominent 
 part in the politics of that county. He 
 was one of the secretaries of the State Ex- 
 ecutive Committee in 1878. He was Solic- 
 itor for the County Court, his brother, 
 F. S. Ferguson, being Solicitor of the 
 Circuit Court. He came to Birmingham 
 in January, 1887. 
 
166 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Mr. S. A. Piitman is a native of Lin- 
 coln C'onnty, Tennessee, stndied law at 
 Fayetteville, and was admitted in 1884. 
 He came to Birmingham the following- 
 January. He is Secretary of the State 
 Bar Association. 
 
 They are attorneys for the Baltimore 
 & Ohio Express Comi^any, and other im- 
 portant cor[)orations. They formed this 
 happy combination on March 1, 1888, a 
 combination which has proven justly 
 beneficial to themselves, to a lai'ge client- 
 age and to the community. 
 
 HEFLIX & BULGER, 
 Watts Building. 
 
 This firm is one of the leading and 
 best known in the State, and gives im- 
 portance to the Birmingham Bar. 
 
 Judge John T. Hefiin is a native of 
 Morgan County, Georgia, and studied 
 law with Steiner & Phillips, of Lafayette, 
 Alabama, and commenced practice in 
 1841. He practiced sixteen years in 
 Randolph County, where he was elected 
 to the Senate in 185L For three years 
 he was in Calhoun, and in 1860 moved 
 to Talladega. In 1862 he was elected to 
 the Circuit Bench, serving till 1865. He 
 was a member of the celebrated State 
 Constitutional Convention of 1875, and 
 took a prominent part in its proceedings. 
 He came to Birmingham in April, 
 1882. In 1886 he was a pr<:)minent can- 
 didate for Chief Justice before the con- 
 vention, receiving more votes than his 
 opponent, but was counted out. He is 
 an influential Mason and a very active 
 man for his age. 
 
 Colonel William D. Bulger, with 
 whom he formed a partnership last Feb- 
 ruary, is a native of Tallapoosa County, 
 with which he has been identified all his 
 life, and still keeps his office and prac- 
 tice there. In fact, the large business of 
 the firm in that section necessitates a res- 
 ident i^artner. The Colonel's finst expe- 
 rience was gained in the army, with 
 which he did some fine service. He was 
 a year in Tennessee, with the Thirty- 
 eighth Regiment from that State, and 
 later in Northern Virginia, with the 
 Forty-seventh Alabama. At the battle 
 of Chattaiaooga he was disabled and 
 afterward was appointed Lieutenant- 
 Colonel of the Third Alabama Reserves. 
 In ]March following the close of the war, 
 he Avas admitted to tlie Bar. He has also 
 always taken a leading part in politics. 
 He was a memljer of the Legislature in 
 1870-71, a member of the State Execu- 
 
 tive Committee, and several times hi& 
 name has been presented for Congres- 
 sional honors. 
 
 Both gentlemen have become noted 
 for their pleadings in behalf of clients,. 
 Col. Bulger more especially in criminal 
 suits. With their extended experience 
 and al)ilities this firm is as safe as it is 
 possible for human intellect or ability to 
 be, and tiie many cases placed in their 
 hands have received the best care and 
 attention. 
 
 JAS. H. LITTLE, 
 Watts Building. 
 
 One of the most intelligent young- 
 lawyers of Birmingham is a native of 
 Sumter County. He received his edu- 
 cation at the State LTniversity, graduat- 
 ing in the academic department in 1880,. 
 and in law two years later. He tinisliei 
 with the summer course under John B. 
 Minor, of the University of Virginia, 
 and commenced to practice in December 
 following at Livingston. He was county 
 solicitor, and did a nice practice till he 
 moved to Birmingham in the fall of last 
 year. 
 
 Mr. Little is a well-read lawyer of a 
 thoroughly practical turn, and a just 
 addition to the talent of the Iron Citv. 
 
 MILES & BALLARD, 
 Jefferson County Savings Bank Buildings 
 
 This firm is one of the most vigorous 
 of the Birmingham Bar, and during its- 
 short career in this city has conducted 
 several large cases to a successful issue. 
 
 Capt. John E. Miles, the senior part- 
 ner, is an Alabamian by birth, served 
 through the war in the First Alabama. 
 Cavalry, and afterward moved to Texas, 
 where, in Falls County, he played a 
 prominent part in the political arena. He 
 was Chief Justice for m^ny years, and 
 turned his attention entirely to law in 
 1885. In June of last year he came to 
 Birmingham. 
 
 Mr. E. L. Ballard is a Georgian, grad- 
 uated from the University of his native 
 State in 1886, was admitted to the Bar 
 in Alabama the same year, and is one of 
 the hardest students, one of the most 
 conscientious, and safest counsellors at 
 the Bar of Birmingham. 
 
 The firm makes a specialty of collec- 
 tions, and are considered experts in this, 
 line. They do a general practice in both 
 the Civil and Criminal Courts, prosecut- 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 167 
 
 ing their clients, interest with judgment 
 and vigor, with due respect to opposing 
 parties, 
 
 JOHN S. KENNEDY, 
 
 llOi Twentieth .Street. 
 
 This rising young lawyer was born in 
 Florence, at whose Normal School he 
 graduated in 1884 with honors, Avinning 
 a Peabody medal. He received his de- 
 gree in law from tlie University of Ala- 
 bama in 1885, and settled in Birmingham 
 the following September. He at once 
 entered on a good business, which stead- 
 ily increases. He is a Notary Public, 
 practices in all the courts of the State, 
 and has been quite successful wdth all 
 cases entrusted to him. 
 
 MAPvTIN & McEACHIN, 
 Roden Building. 
 
 This name lends eminent grace to 
 these pages. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Martin is a native of Lime- 
 stone County. He was admitted in July, 
 1858, practiced in Tuscaloosa up to the 
 war, when he served four years with the 
 Fifth and then with the Forty-first Ala- 
 bama, in the Western army. He then 
 settled in Tuscaloosa, taking his place as 
 one of the strongest men in the State. 
 He married a daughter of the late Chief 
 Justice Peck. He sat in the Senate from 
 1871 to 1876, being three years President 
 pro tempore. He was a member of the 
 Forty-ninth Congress from this district, 
 being on the committees of elections and 
 patents. 
 
 Mr. A. B. McEachin is by his friends 
 considered without his superior at this 
 Bar. He is a native of North Carolina, 
 was admitted to practice in 1857, and 
 came to Alabama in 1859, settling in 
 Marion. He has always been an active 
 politician, but not a candidate for any 
 office. He was a Bell and Everett elector 
 in 1860. He married Judge Somerville's 
 sister in 1861. In the army he served in 
 the Seventh Alabama Cavalry as Lieu- 
 tenant, and later was Post Quartermas- 
 ter at Savannah. He was a partner of 
 Judge Somerville from the close of the 
 war till 1880. He owned and e<lited the 
 Southern Law Journal from 1878 to 1880. 
 
 In 1886 these gentlemen formed the 
 present partnership, and moved to Bir- 
 mingham, where, while holdingtheir own 
 clientage, they have increased their in- 
 fluence and extended their business. 
 
 GUMMING & HIBBARD, 
 115 Twenty-first Street. 
 
 Of the many prominent names which 
 go to make up the strength of the Bir- 
 mingham Bar, few command as much 
 respect, esteem and confidence as the 
 above. They are comparatively young 
 in this arena, though their combined ex- 
 perience places them in the front rank 
 of Alabama lawyers. 
 
 Col. S. J. Cumming, the senior part- 
 ner, is a native of Baltimore, studied law 
 in Virginia, being admitted in 1843. Irt 
 October of the same Year he moved tO' 
 Alabama, practiced twenty years in 
 Monroe, twenty-two years in Wilcox, and 
 came to Birmingham in 1887. He is con- 
 sidered without liis superior in Equity, 
 and has had some important cases in the 
 United States Supreme Court. He en- 
 I tered the army as a private, being pro- 
 moted to the command of Company G,. 
 Seventeenth Alabama, serving from the 
 opening to the close of the war. 
 
 Col. B. L. Hibbard was born in Loudon 
 County, Virginia, in 1842. He served 
 through the war, being promoted from 
 Captain to Lieutenant-Colonel. He came 
 to Alabama in 1870, merchandised in 
 Monroeville, studied law with T. J. 
 Torry, and was admitted in 1876. He 
 practiced in that county till April, 1885. 
 He was appointed first Consul General to 
 Venezuela. He remained in South 
 America a year, returning to Birming- 
 ham, where he has since resided, and in 
 October last associated himself with Col. 
 Cumming. 
 
 They do probably the largest Chancery 
 business in this city. They pay special 
 attention to land litigation. Tliey prac- 
 tice in all the Federal and State Courts, 
 their judgment being considered among 
 the best at the Bar. 
 
 C. F. EASTHAM, 
 
 No. 2026i First Avenue. 
 
 This gentleman is one of the most con- 
 scientious among the lawyers whose 
 names grace the Bar of this "city. He is 
 a native of Rappahannock County, Vir- 
 ginia. He studied law at the University 
 of his native State, and came to Bir- 
 mingham when he was admitted in 1883. 
 In these five years he has built up a large 
 and paying practice. He prosecutes his 
 cases with a care and assiduity which 
 deservedly command for him the re- 
 spect of his fraternity, and the confi- 
 dence of the people. 
 
16S 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Mcintosh & altman, 
 
 Hewlett Block. 
 
 This firm was formed in December last, 
 and is one of the most solid at the Bir- 
 mingham Bar. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Mcintosh was born in Ma- 
 rengo County in 1837, was admitted to 
 the Bar in Mississippi in 1860, and prac- 
 ticed in Chickasaw County, latterly in 
 Meridian, till he came to Birmingham 
 last December. He figures }>rominently 
 in politics; was a member of the Legis- 
 lature in 1872-73. He served in the army 
 in the Twenty-fourth Mississippi. He is 
 a genial man, a Knight Templar and a 
 member of all the principal societies. 
 
 Mr. J. J. Altman is a native of Sumter 
 County, was admitted in September, 
 1871, practiced in Choctaw, and in De- 
 cember, 1874, moved to Sumter, where 
 he remained till he came to Birmingham 
 in September, 1886 ; he also was influen- 
 tial in politics, was Mayor of Livingston 
 seven years, and a Presidential Elec- 
 tor in 1884. He has been a INLason since 
 he was twenty-one years old. The firm 
 do a large general law business, and 
 stand well in the fraternity. 
 
 DICKEY & GILLESPIE, 
 
 Watt's Building, 307 ^ Twentieth Street. 
 
 Among the many names noticed of the 
 Birmingham Bar" this one commands 
 mention, for, but a few years established 
 in this city, they have carried a number 
 of cases to' a successful issue. Both gen- 
 tlemen had, however, made a reputation 
 before thev settled here. They graduated 
 in law from the University of Alal)ama, 
 the same vear, 1882. Mr. L. C. Dickey 
 is a native of Montgomery County, 
 Alabama, and enjoyed the advantages 
 of a hberal education ; he took his law 
 deforce at the University of Alabama. 
 He first prai'ticed in Montgomery, the 
 county in which he was reared, and 
 removed to Birmingham in 1884. Mr. J. 
 F. Gillespie is a native of Blount County, 
 Tennessee ; was educated at Hartswell 
 College and studied law under General 
 L. P.'^Valkcr (Secretary of War of the 
 late Confederacy), taking his LL. B. 
 from the University of Alabama m 1882. 
 He commenced practice in Morgan 
 County and moved to Birmingham in 
 1885. "The happy combination since 
 formed has proven beneficial to the gen- 
 tlemen themselves as well as adding 
 strength to the Bar and aiding in the 
 general rectitude and public welfare. 
 
 STRANGE & McCURLEY, 
 
 Hood Building. 
 
 This firm is considered one of the most 
 reliable at the Bar. The senior partner, 
 Mr. John D. Strange, was born in St. 
 Claire County, Alabama, where he was 
 admitted to practice in 1874. In Novem- 
 ber, 1876, he came to Birmingham. Mr. 
 W. S. McCurley is a native Mississip- 
 pian ; he was raised in Texas and settled 
 in Yanzant County, where he practiced 
 law and edited a newspaper. He came 
 to Birmingham last summer, forming 
 the present partnership the 1st of March 
 last. These gentlemen are most dili- 
 gent in working at their cases, well read 
 in the details of law, and it is safe to 
 place cases in their hands. 
 
 MA J. W. J. MIMS, 
 
 Tax Collector. 
 
 This name is one of the best known 
 and most justly esteemed in Jeflerson 
 Countv. The jNIajor was born in 
 Autauga County, was raised on a farm 
 and moved to j'etterson in 1860. When 
 the war broke out he raised a company 
 and was enlisted in the Forty-third 
 Alabama, serving all through the war, 
 both with the Western army and in 
 Virginia, being promoted to the rank of 
 Major. With the return of peace he 
 went back to farming and continued same 
 until his manv friends put him forward 
 for Tax Collector, to which position he 
 was appointed in 1880. He has since filled 
 the position with careful attention to 
 dutv, and has kept every nickel of the 
 accounts straight. This year he retires 
 on his well-won laurels. 
 
 CABANISS & BANKS, 
 
 112^ Twentieth Street. 
 
 The senior partner of this firm, Mr. 
 E. H. Cabaniss, is a native of Georgia, 
 and was admitted in Alabama in 1878. 
 He practiced in Union Springs and 
 came to Birmingham in 1887. He was 
 a member of the" Alabama State Senate, 
 but resigned his seat therein on his re- 
 moval to Birmingham in INIay, 1887. He 
 is considered one of the best speakers at 
 the Alabama Bar. Mr. J. J. Banks is 
 from Russell County, Alabama, grad- 
 uated from the University in 1SS5, and 
 commenced practicing in Birmingham 
 in September of that year. They formed 
 the present partnership the 1st of May, 
 1887, and are considered as lending 
 strength and importance to the Bar. 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 169 
 
 MOUNTJOY & TOMLINSON, 
 Alabama National Bank Building. 
 
 At the Bar we find firms ranking in 
 standing and talent with the best in the 
 land. Among them the name of Mount- 
 joy & Tomlinson gives grace and strength 
 to its influence. 
 
 Mr. C. A. Mountjoy is a native of Vir- 
 ginia, and took his degree in law from 
 the University of that State in 1881, soon 
 after going to Birmingham,. He is a 
 Knight of Pythias, and as thoroughly 
 well read and practical a lawyer as pleads 
 cases before an Alabama court. Mr. 
 John W. Tomlinson is a Tennesseean 
 by birth. He graduated with first hon- 
 ors from Yanderbilt in 1882, coming to 
 Birmingham the same year. He is a 
 prominent Mason, Thirty-second, Scot- 
 ish Rite, Master of Perfection Lodge, a 
 Knight of Pythias, and member of the 
 Order of Elks. He is a gentleman of 
 pleasant and agreeable address. He is 
 regarded as the finest collector in the 
 city of Birmingham. The firm are at- 
 torneys for R. G. Dun, and many other 
 large cori^orations. In keeping with 
 their extensive practice they have ele- 
 gantly appointed offices, and a shorthand 
 writer constantly employed. 
 
 JNO. W. CHAMBLEE, 
 
 First National Bank Building. 
 
 Mr. Chamblee has, by his judgment, 
 ingratiated himself into the confidence 
 of his clientage in North Alabama. He 
 is a native of Jefferson County, studied 
 law with Hewitt & Walker and was ad- 
 mitted in 1881. In these seven years he 
 has won from his judicious investments 
 quite a fortune, and his judgment is re- 
 garded as conscientious and safe. 
 
 W. HAMPTON WADE, 
 
 Roden Block. 
 
 Of a concise, methodical and progres- 
 sive disposition Mr. Wade has been suc- 
 cessful both as a business man and a 
 lawyer. He was born in Savannah and 
 graduated from the Virginia Military 
 Institute in 1880, studied law with Judge 
 Chisholm, the general counsel for the 
 Southern Express Company, and was 
 admitted to the Bar in 1881. He prac- 
 ticed in his native State till January, 
 1887, when he came to Birmingham, 
 and now has, considering the short time 
 he has been here, a very large practice. 
 He is the attornev and a director of the 
 
 Alabama Artificial Stone Company, re- 
 taining counsel for the Merchants' and 
 Mechanics' Building and Loan Associa- 
 tion, and generally stands by Birming- 
 ham's welfare and prosperity. 
 
 W. P. HICKMAN, 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 Among the names which have acquired 
 prominence on the wings of Birming- 
 ham's prosperity none command more 
 respect than this one. Mr. Hickman 
 was born in Jefferson County the 3d of 
 September, 1828, and by prudence finds 
 himself as young to-day as he was twenty 
 years ago. He was raised on a farm, and 
 in 1850 commenced merchandising in Ely- 
 ton, continuing the same until the war, 
 when he was appointed commissioner of 
 supplies. He served as treasurer from 
 1861 to 1867, and with the return of 
 peace farmed and merchandised in Truss- 
 ville till 1877, when he was elected to 
 his present office, which he has filled 
 with the profoundest of satisfaction to 
 the people ever since. This year he 
 closes his third term and does not seek 
 re-election. Before the war he was 
 deputy sheriff. He is a Mason, and one 
 of the most trustworthy and reliable 
 men that ever handled county finances. 
 
 B. M. ALLEN, 
 
 Justice of the Peace. 
 
 Mr. Allen is one of those miraculous 
 factors which have been created by Bir- 
 mingham's remarkable advancement. 
 He is a native of Carolina County, Vir- 
 ginia, and graduated from the Agri- 
 cultural and Mechanical College of that 
 State in 1876, coming in 1879 to Alabama. 
 He was two years in Greensboro before 
 settling in Birmingham. He was ad- 
 mitted to the Bar in 1881. He came to Bir- 
 mingham in 1882, and was appointed the 
 same year Justice of the Peace, filling 
 the office with remarkable judgment and 
 prudence, combined with business cor- 
 rectness. He has been twice re-elected. 
 He is very popular ; is a Knight of 
 Pythias ; is First Exalted Ruler of the 
 Order of Elks, Birmingham Lodge, No. 
 79 ; first lieutenant of the Rifles, and 
 other societies ; he also conducts a fine 
 law business. His numerous duties as 
 Justice of the Peace necessitate the em- 
 ployment of three clerks. He has prob- 
 ably tried moi'e cases than any court in 
 the South, and it is said his salary ex- 
 ceeds that of the Governor of the State^ 
 
170 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 LOUIS L. DEAN, 
 
 Corner Third Avenue and Twentieth 
 Street. 
 
 This rising young member of the Bar 
 of this city was born at Cave Springs, 
 Georgia, graduated in tlie academic 
 course in 1884 from tlie University of 
 Alabama, receiving liis LL. B. tlie follow- 
 ing year from the same school. After a 
 practice of one year in Gadsden he moved 
 to Birmingham in November, 188(5, and 
 has steadily increased his business. He 
 is counsel for the Birmingham Agricul- 
 tural Manufacturing Company, resident 
 counsel for the Union Trust Company 
 of Philadelphia, and other important 
 corporations. He is a Knight of Pythias, 
 is Judge Advocate General on Governor 
 Seay's staff, and generalh^ takes an active 
 part in the furtherance of the Iron City's 
 progress. 
 
 J. G. CREWS, 
 
 Hood Building. 
 
 Mr. Crews is one of the most active 
 and clear-headed men who have come to 
 the Alabama bar. He is a native of 
 Illinois, where he practiced many years. 
 He was admitted in April, 1871, and did 
 business at Fairfield, making a specialty 
 of chancery law though practicing in all 
 the courts In Birmingham he has 
 acquired a good practice, largely in real 
 estate and chancery litigation. He is a 
 hard worker, a practical thinker, and 
 conscientious in the furtherance of the 
 interests placed under his charge. 
 
 MASON & MARTIN, 
 
 2026 First Avenue. 
 
 The legal fraternity of Birmingham 
 has obtained a prominence commensurate 
 with the Iron City's importance and 
 probably no firm lends more to that same 
 prominence than this one. Mr. M. A. 
 Mason, the senior partner, is a Ken- 
 tuckian by birth, and was admitted to 
 the Bar in 1874. He practiced in his 
 native county till Januai'v, 1887, when 
 he came to Birminghani. forming the 
 present i)artnership the following March. 
 W. K. Martin is a Mississippian i)y birth, 
 studied law at the University of Virginia, 
 being admitted in 1883, when he settled 
 in Birmingham. The firm do a large 
 collection and chancery business and 
 also criminal business; they stand high 
 in the estimation of their brethren, and 
 hold the confidence of a line clientage. 
 
 M. T. PORTER, 
 
 Probate Judge. 
 
 This name is prominently identified 
 with the growth and welfare of North 
 Alabama. Judge Porter was born in 
 Shelby County, and was raised in Jeflfer- 
 son, ami as he grew up became identified 
 with Elyton ; he studied law with Judge 
 \V. S. Mudd and was admitted to the 
 Bar about 1852; he practiced in Elyton 
 till he moved to Birmingham in 1873. 
 With tlie growth of the city he did a 
 large practice, accumulating considerable 
 wealth. In November, 1884, he was 
 appointed to fill the vacancy of Probate 
 Judge, and in August, 1886, was re- 
 elected; he is considered one of the best 
 judges in the South, and will long hold 
 the position. In 1863 he was a member 
 of the State Senate from Jefferson and 
 Shelby. In the army he went out in 
 Company C, Twentieth Alabama, serving 
 with the Tennessee Army, and rose to 
 be Lieutenant Colonel ; he was captured 
 at Vicksburg and paroled. Judge Porter 
 is a Mason and one of the most influen- 
 tial men in this growing city. 
 
 FERGUS w. McCarthy, 
 
 Clerk of the Circuit Court. 
 
 The popular Clerk of the Circuit Court 
 is a native of Missouri, having been born 
 on July 29, 1858. He was raised in Ala- 
 bama and graduated from Spring 
 Hill College in July, 1878. He came to 
 Birmingham in 1880 and was confidential 
 clerk of the Sloss Iron and Steel Com- 
 pany. He is also a ciyil engineer by 
 training, and was with the Georgia 
 Pacific Railroad two vears. He was 
 elected Clerk on March 17, 1887 (St. 
 Patrick's Day), and perforins his duties 
 with careful attention and sincere con- 
 scientiousness. He is ably assisted by 
 his deputy, ^V. L. Howard, a native of 
 Columbus, Mississippi. 
 
 A. J. TARRANT, 
 
 Tax Assessor. 
 
 One of Birmingham's best known citi- 
 zens was born in Jefferson ("ounty, was 
 raised on a farm and has ('(jiitinued in 
 the agricultural pursuits all his life. He 
 made a good record as a soldier, going in 
 as Orderly Sergeant, and was promoted to 
 the command of Company C of the 
 Twentieth Alabama. He served under 
 Kirby Smith, and with Johnson, in the 
 celebrated Georgia campaign, and was 
 
Birmingham. 
 
 171 
 
 ■wounded at Vicksburg. Mr. Tarrant 
 has many friends in this county; he was 
 elected Assessor in August, 1S80, and is 
 now retiring afier filling out his second 
 term with great satisfaction to the public 
 iind the ofticiarv. 
 
 ALEXANDER OSCAR LANE, 
 
 ]\LTyor. 
 
 Tins gentleman, a native of Southeast 
 Alabama, was elected Mayor of the city of 
 IBirmingham in December, 1882, and is 
 now tilling his third term. He is in the 
 prime of life, and while he has never of- 
 fered for any other otiice, in his three 
 races for the Mayoralty he was elected 
 by handsome majorities over popular 
 -and worthy opponents. 
 
 He received a complete education at 
 both the LTniversity of Georgia and the 
 University of Kentucky. 
 
 Mayor Lane l)y profession is a lawyer, 
 being devoted to his professional duties, 
 and does a large business, being an 
 indefatigable worker himself and em- 
 ploying two clerks. His practice as a 
 lawyer yields him at least $7,500 per 
 annum. He has the confidence of courts 
 and juries, and has always been remark- 
 ably successful in his cases. 
 
 lie came to Birmingham in its earliest 
 days, and from the first has been one of 
 the leading spirits of the place. He lias 
 invested largely in real estate, and owns 
 much fine property in this city. He is a 
 Director of the Alabama National Bank, 
 and was last year President of the South- 
 ern Forestry Congress, the importance 
 of which he fully I'ecognizes. 
 
 At its annual meeting last October, in 
 Huutsville, he delivered an address that 
 received the highest encomiums from the 
 people and the press. 
 
 Mr. Lane is a man who ever ad- 
 vances with the times. He was chosen 
 to deliver the opening speech before the 
 River and Harbor Convention at Tusca- 
 loosa two years ago, and besides receiv- 
 ing an ovation from the Convention his 
 ispeech was cojjied by many of the lead- 
 ing journals throughout the Union, and 
 was largely quoted by Senator Pugh in 
 '.the United States Senate. 
 
 He is an active and astute politician' 
 but works only for his friends. While 
 his name was prominently mentioned 
 for Gubernatorial honors two years ago, 
 he has never run for any political oftice, 
 jireferring to work with the rank and 
 tile. 
 
 As Mayor of the city Mr. Lane gives 
 every possible satisfaction, and since the 
 holding of that otiice by him a most vis- 
 ible improvement on the streets and 
 throughout every department has been 
 universally observed. His executive 
 ability is of the most marked character, 
 and the discipline of his subordinates is 
 excellent. 
 
 As Judge he has no superior in dis- 
 patching lousiness, and his decisions are 
 recognized by all as fair, just, accurate 
 and impartial. 
 
 By all who know him Mr. Lane is 
 known to be a gentleman of the purest 
 character and highest standing, and one 
 who always takes a lively interest in the 
 aflairs of city, county and State, of what- 
 ever nature, and who is always ready to 
 further any worthy method for their ad- 
 vancement and prosperity. 
 
 He was married, in 1875, to Miss Min- 
 nie Terry, daughter of Col. John T. 
 Terry, a lady of fine accomplishments 
 and of great poi^ularity. Five interesting 
 children have blessed their union, of 
 whom four are living. 
 
 Mr. Lane has a handsome stone and 
 brick residence on a commanding site in 
 the city, where he and his hospitable 
 wife always extend a hearty welcome for 
 their friends. 
 
 C. R. HARSH, 
 
 Attorney-at-Law, 
 
 Watts Building, 
 
 N. E. Corner Third Avenue and 
 
 Twentieth Street, 
 
 Birmingham, Alabama. 
 
MAGIC CITY STEAM iiUTTLiiNG WORKS. 
 
 Bottling Works. 
 
 MAGIC CITY STEAM BOTTLING 
 WORKS, 1817 and 1819 Third avenue, 
 between Eighteentli and Nineteenth 
 streets. — The manufacture of soda, min- 
 eral waters, ginger ale, etc., has of late 
 years increased to such an extent in this 
 city as to constitute one of its important 
 industries. One of the leading manu- 
 factories devoted to this branch of busi- 
 ness is that of Mr. Al. F. Hochstadter, 
 agent of the Magic City Steam Bottling 
 Works. He is manufacturer on a very 
 extensive scale of soda and mineral 
 waters, champagne cider and ginger ale. 
 The manufactory is a two-story brick 
 building with a wing extension. This 
 business was established in 1886, and 
 has been a thriving one from that date. 
 
 Mr. Hochstadter is a Philadelphian. 
 He has three brothers engaged in busi- 
 ness in this city, all of whom are doing 
 well,- and esteemed as business men. 
 Employment is given to a number of as- 
 sistants, and several wagons are used for 
 the delivery of goods to numerous cus- 
 tomers througliout the city. The prem- 
 ises are well arranged and supi)li('d with 
 all modern conveniences and appliances 
 for properly conducting the business 
 in all its branches. These works have 
 rapidly become generally and favorably 
 known by dealers and consumers 
 
 throughout the city for the superior qual- 
 ity of its products, ail of which are war- 
 ranted for their purity and excellence. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 W. E. BERRY & CO., No. 2008* 
 Second avenue. — The city of Birming- 
 ham affords the most remarkable instance 
 of growth and development in the South. 
 The natural consequence has been an un- 
 precedented demand for real estate, and 
 the enlistment, in this line of business 
 activity, of the energies and talent of the 
 best business men. 
 
 Notable among the real estate firms is- 
 W. E. Berry & Co. This firm is an old 
 established one, and is among the best 
 known in this citj'. They occupy offices 
 up stairs at No. 2008i Second avenue. 
 They possess unusual advantages, and 
 can offer inducements to investors in 
 city or suburban property, suitable for 
 homes or business or manufacturing- 
 sites. Messrs. Berry & Co., have many 
 bargains now, and prospectors should not 
 fail to consult them. 
 
 Mr. W. E. Berry is widely and favora- 
 bly known as a man of superior ability, 
 and possesses the respect and confidence- 
 of businessmen. Thoseestablisbing busi- 
 ness relations with him will find hint 
 fair and honorable in all his transactions. 
 
ANNISTON. 
 
 This is an eventful age. Man, profiting by the condensed knowledge and 
 experience of centuries that are gone, is daily proving that "there is something 
 new under the sun." Father Time, the once despotic tyrant, has been 
 manacled by Progress and does his liidding without a murmur. In the arts, 
 sciences and discoveries of to-day we see evidence of the great strides toward 
 that alluring goal, perfection. Among those sciences, for such it has become, 
 is that of "city building." In days of yore a city's growth could be likened to 
 a complicated machine made by a hundred difi"erent workmen, each intent 
 on his own plan, knowing not and caring not for the plans of the other ninety- 
 nine. To-day, as evidenced by the city of Anniston, the machine has a 
 guiding hand which directs the plans of each workman and conforms them 
 to one grand finished plan. The "city builders" of Anniston first selected the 
 site for a great city, where Nature had, as it were, in a lavish mood, concen- 
 trated many of its grandest gifts. With keen foresight tliat saw a future now 
 verified, they carefully mapped out a plan in which all the parts would har- 
 monize. To-day Anniston, well worthy the name of the "The Model City," 
 stands as a beautiful monument to their wisdom. 
 
 L 
 
 OCATION 
 
 Situated on the eastern edge of the. great limestone formation, or rather on 
 the dividing line between the lime and the granite, in Calhoun County, Ala., 
 is this progressive city of the New South, sixty-five miles east of Birmingham, 
 13-4 miles northeast of Selma, 104 miles west of Atlanta. 
 
 The city is in an amphitheatre, the floor of which is an elevated table- 
 land (over 800 feet above the sea level), while its walls are the Blue Mountains 
 rising to altitudes varying from 1,000 to 1,500 feet. Their sides are covered by 
 trees of various species — the whole forming a lovely picture. 
 
 It is located on the main line of the East Tennessee, Virgina & Georgia 
 Railway, and at the crossing of the main line of the Georgia Pacific Railway, 
 between Atlanta and Birmingham, and is the terminus of the Anniston & 
 Atlantic, which connects southward with the central system of Georgia rail- 
 roads. It is in the ver}^ heart of the mineral region, and the finest agricultural 
 district of Alabama, Tennessee and Georgia, and is in direct communication 
 with Atlanta, Macon, Augusta and Charleston, Savannah or Jacksonville on 
 the Eastern coast ; Montgomery, Mobile and New Orleans on the Gulf coast ;. 
 Birmingham and the Mississippi Valley on the West, and is on the short line 
 of travel from the East, North and Northwest to Florida and New Orleans. 
 
174 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 VIEW ON NOBLE STREET, LOOKING NORTH. 
 
 C 
 
 LIMATE— TEMPERATURE 
 
 "We frequently hear the expression, "We have but one life to Hve." 
 Although a truism, how many fully feel its force ? Of what ailvantage will be 
 that life, however attended by w'orldly success, unless its physical state be free 
 from those great ills wliich abound in extreme climates? How many rich 
 men would freely give every dollar of their possessions to enjoy the blessings 
 of health. The "climate" is then to every one a question of paramount im- 
 portance. 
 
 Col. L. Anderson, of Cincinnati, O., who summered in Anniston, during 
 the heated term of 1887 made daily observations of the reading of a thermome- 
 ter at between 2 and 3 o'clock p. m. At no time did the mercury mark over 
 91 degrees F. The writer questioned the reliability of the thermometer used. 
 But, on placing two others by it, the three read alike. 
 
 There are local conditions to account for the temperate suiniiicr climate at 
 Anniston, viz: The soil is generally a light sandy loam, and does not absorb 
 the hot rays of the sun to as marked a degree as a heavier one does, and 
 readily parts with what it does absorb after sunset. Another : The surround- 
 ing mountains are near enough to send down from their tree-covered sides 
 grateful baths of cool air to fill the partial vacuum on the i)lain below, made by 
 
Anniston. 175 
 
 the rising of the air, heated and expanded by the radiation of heat from the 
 exposed surface of the plain. 
 
 Here, the lowlander coming North can escape malarial influences, and the 
 Northerner, fleeing from the cold blasts of seven months of the year, can 
 luxuriate in a region where over three hundred of the three liundred and 
 sixty-flve days are days of comfort to the most sensitive invalid. 
 
 During the heated term of last year not one day was lost in the numerous 
 foundries, forges or furnaces Not one case of heat prostration was known. 
 The atmosphere is dry enough to absorb the perspiration, thereby extracting 
 heat from the V)ody so rapidly as to prevent its accumulating to a degree dan- 
 gerous to health. 
 
 The winter rainfall is about 13 inches. But it is characteristic of the rains 
 in the latitude of Anniston that fifty per cent, falls between (3 o'clock p. m. 
 and 8 o'clock a. m. It is scarcely probable that there would be three consecu- 
 tive days during a winter when a lady could not go out of the house without 
 discomfort, and the character of the soil is of such a nature, as describe!.!, that 
 it quickly dries off after a heavy shower. 
 
 It is seldom that there is a whole day when the sun is obscured by clouds. 
 Snow is a curiosity — so seldom does it fall. 
 
 High winds ai'e unusual, although there is an almost constant breeze from 
 isome quarter. 
 
 The nights are always cool enough to make sleep pleasant and restful. 
 There is no one prevailing disease. In a residence of eighteen years in 
 Calhoun County, a man of intelligence never heard of a case of consumption 
 having originated in the county. The United States census of 1880 shows that 
 the death rate from that disease in the district of Alabama, in which Calhoun 
 County is situated, had a low death-rate from consumption. The following 
 table shows the States' comparative immunity from that disease: 
 
 Ratio of deaths from consumption in several States in 100,000 of total 
 population, unless otherwise specified — 
 
 (white) Kansas, 111 
 
 Minnesota, 119 
 
 Pennsylvania, 150 
 Michigan, 159 
 
 Maryland, 177 (white) 
 
 New York, 207 
 
 New Hampshire, 243 
 Coast of California, 249 Massachusetts, 277 
 
 Tlie bete noir of persons coming from the North to the South is malaria. 
 AVithin a radius of twenty miles around Anniston there is not a pond, lake or 
 :swamp to breed malaria. The census of 1880 shows that Alabama has fewer 
 deaths from malarial fever than either Missouri or Kansas. Persons from the 
 Northern States would unhesitatingly visit the elevated region of Santa Fe, 
 'Taos and San Miguel counties. New Mexico, at an altitude varying from 
 4,000 to over 7,000 feet, and yet that elevated, arid region has more deaths from 
 .malarial fever than has Alabama. 
 
 Its natural drainage is most thorough and complete, and in addition the 
 ■city is building a system of underground sewerage. 
 
 Alabama, 
 
 87 
 
 Iowa, 
 
 116 
 
 Illinois, 
 
 150 
 
 Missouri, 
 
 152 
 
 Ohio, 
 
 171 
 
 Indiana, 
 
 193 
 
 New Jersey, 
 
 234 
 

Annibton. 177 
 
 J^JATURAL RESOURCES 
 
 The city is founded upon iron literally and figuratively. In cutting 
 streets tiirough the hillsides large masses of tine ore are taken out and sent to 
 the furnaces. Within the city limits there is a great hill, almost a mountain 
 side of iron, from wliich the Woodstock Company have been digging ore since 
 1873, and yet they have scarcely leveled down more than seven or eight acres. 
 There is no delving into the bowels of the earth to bring up ore by expensive 
 machinery. It is only necessary to dig it out of the hillside and dump it into 
 the carts. From this ore is made the celebrated Woodstock iron, which has 
 such a wide reputation. 
 
 In addition to its magnificent mineral resources, it is surrounded by vast 
 forests, in which abound the finest yellow pine and hard wood lumber. 
 
 Tributary to the city, north and south on the East Tennessee, Virginia & 
 Georgia Railroad, east and west on the Georgia Pacific Railway, and for fifty 
 miles south on the Anniston & Atlantic Railroad is one of the richest and most 
 populous agricultural countries in the South, which, with the competitive 
 freight rates that are, by location, the right of the city, gives to Anniston as a 
 distributing point for wholesale and jobbing houses a most favorable location. 
 
 ROWTH OF THE CITY 
 
 In 1872 the Woodstock Iron Company was organized by Messrs. Tyler and 
 Noble and a few associates, with a capital of $140,000. They built a fifty-ton 
 charcoal furnace in 1873, which proved so profitable that in 1879 they built a 
 second. In 1881 the same people organized a separate company, with a cash 
 capital of $250,000, and built a cotton factory of nearly 12,000 spindles. 
 Owning all the surrounding property they laid out the site of what was to be 
 a model town, but they sold no land, preferring to hold it until the future 
 town was in good shape, and it was not until 1883 that the place was thrown 
 open to the public. In 1882 they established extensive car-wheel works, then 
 they macadamized the streets and built water works, electric light works, 
 schools and churches, including a beautiful §40,000 church. Then they built 
 two more furnaces, and added to this by building that wonderful Anniston 
 Inn, which is the marvel and admiration of every visitor, and which cost 
 §250,000 in cash. And thus they kept on improving the town until it was esti- 
 mated three years ago that they had spent nearly $2,000,000 in cash in build- 
 ing these new industries, laying out and perfecting this town. After that they 
 built extensive car works, car-axle works, etc. As they went along carrying 
 out these gigantic enterprises they paid the cash for them. In 1886 they con- 
 cluded that a sixty-mile narrow-gauge railroad to open up a new county would 
 do Anniston good, so they built it at a cost of $750,000, and paid for it. For 
 two years they kept four men out hunting the country for the pick of mineral 
 and timber lands, and as rapidly as they found what they liked they bought 
 
Anxiston. 179' 
 
 it and paid for it, until tliey liad between 50,000 and 75,000 acres of the best 
 properties that could be discovered. In the latter part of 1886 they deter- 
 mined to build two coke furnaces, to cost $500,000, to turn out 100,000 tons of 
 iron a year. Their other four furnaces make charcoal iron. After deciding on 
 this, and before giving out contracts, they placed ?500,000 in bank to the credit 
 of the new furnaces. To run coke furnaces requires coke, and not being will- 
 ing to depend upon the open market, for a supply of tliis fuel, they made a 
 careful investigation and found that the Cahaba Coal and Iron Company, 
 owning .30,000 acres of the very best coking coal, and then mining 700 tons of 
 coal a day, could be purchased if enough money was offered ; and so they put 
 $1,500,000 into the purchase, and development of this immense property to 
 make it tributary to Anniston's property. New mines are being opened to 
 enlarge the coal output to 0,000 tons a day, and several hundred coke ovens 
 are under construction. Thus, with an assured* coke supply and an annual 
 output of 100,000 tons of iron from their new furnaces, it was deemed wise to 
 establish diversified industries to consume this iron at home, and so a local 
 company was at once formed, with a cash capital of §300,000, to build gas and 
 water-pipe works adjacent to the furnaces. These works are now under con- 
 struction ; they will probably be the largest in the United States ; they will 
 employ 900 hands, and turn out 2,00 tons of iron pipe a day. About that time 
 it was decided that, by building a short railroad, to cost $1,000,000, Anniston 
 would be brought into closer connection with the West, and the time of travel 
 to Cincinnati and other points reduced several hours. A local company was 
 formed, and the million dollars raised, in fact, we have heard it said that the 
 amount was secured in one day. This road is now rapidly nearing completion. 
 Not long since, the managers of the United States Eolling Stock Company of 
 New York, a $4,000,000 concern, were so charmed with Anniston's advantages 
 that they ofTered to establish immense car works, to employ 1,200 skilled 
 mechanics, provided the present car works and car-wheel and axle works 
 could be secured as a nucleus at $225,000; and that to the cash capital of 
 $1,000,000, Anniston people would contribute $150,000, making a total from 
 Anniston (including the present car M^orksj of $375,000. The owners of the 
 car and car-wheel and axle works agreeed to merge their establishments into 
 this immense enterprise on the basis agreed upon, and then the other $150,000 
 was promptly raised. 
 
 All these enterprises have been developed and these immense mineral and 
 timber properties, aggregating about 100,000 acres, purchased without incur- 
 ring any debts or issuing any bonds. In fact, as Mr. Noble, the general manager 
 of the Woodstock Iron Company, stated recently, " We have paid cash for all 
 these industrial enterprises, these lands and these railroads; have cash in bank 
 to build and run all the new enterprises under construction ; pay our work- 
 men in cash every week; have not issued a note or a bond; there is not a 
 piece of debt-bearing paper in existence with our indorsement ; we do not 
 even discount the notes received in payment of our iron, and if every bank 
 in the United States were to fail not a piece of paper with our signature on it 
 would be returned to us." 
 
 This has all been accomplished in fourteen years, and the greater part in 
 less than one-half of that time. It seems almost beyond comprehension, and. 
 
Anniston. 181 
 
 3^et it is true. It demonstrates as nothing else could do the substantial and 
 ;Solid character of the South's wonderful industrial growth. 
 
 The diversity of its enterprises and the prosperity of all of them show 
 how the South can takes its raw materials, its iron, its coal, its timber and its 
 cotton, and carry them forward through every process of manufacture until 
 the finished products in their highest state are turned out, and its future is as 
 brilliant as the heart of man could desire. 
 
 From Anniston's furnaces tlie iron goes to Anniston's car-wheel and car- 
 axle works, machine sliops and foundries. It is made into car wheels and 
 axles that have a national reputation. Home consumption of Southern raw 
 materials is here aptly illustrated: 
 
 Two immense furnaces, to cost $500,000, are already under construction. 
 Jt was but a few years ago when the machinery necessary for such a gigantic 
 ;plant as this could only have been secured in the North or West, but now 
 Anniston builds the machinery that is to run these great furnaces that will 
 isoon be turning out iron at the rate of 100,000 tons a year. The thirty-six 
 iDoilers and the five 900 horse-power engines are all the product of Anniston's 
 ■works, and even the fire brick are produced in Anniston from the Anniston 
 -clay. Some idea of the magnitude of this plant can be obtained from the fact 
 that it will require five 900 horse-power engines, or a total of 4,500 horse- 
 power, and that the material used and the iron produced by these two fur- 
 naces alone will furnish about 700,000 tons of freight a year, equal to 35,000 
 oarloads, or but little less than one-half as much freight as the entire cotton 
 crop of the South. And then take the great car works ; they will build both 
 freight and passenger cars. The lumber obtained in the surrounding forests 
 "will furnish the wood work ; the wheels and axles will be made from Annis- 
 ton pig iron, and everything, even the bolts, nuts and springs, that is used in 
 'building cars will be made right in these works, excepting the tin for the roof- 
 ing, and the nails. Is it possible to better illustrate the increasing diversity 
 of Southern industry, and the disposition to carry forward the manufacture of 
 iron from the ore to the finished product, ready for its final use, than by the 
 -facts here given? 
 
 E 
 
 AILWAY CENTER 
 
 An idea of the freight and passenger transportation facilities of Anniston 
 "juay be gathered from the fact that between thirty-five and forty-five trains 
 arrive daily at the depots of three railroads in the city. 
 
 It is fast becoming a leading railroad center, now having the East Tennes- 
 see, Virginia & Georgia system, the Georgia Pacific, the Anniston & Atlan- 
 l,ic roads. The Anniston & Cincinnati, a thirty-mile road now being built by 
 Anniston capitalists, is nearly completed. This has been pronounced one 
 «of the best built roads ever constructed in America. It is said to have already 
 :an assured freight business of 1,000,000 tons a year, besides what must inevi- 
 tebly be developed in the future. It opens up a splendid country, and brings 
 -Anniston into close and direct connection with New Orleans on one side, and 
 13 
 
182 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Cincinnati and the Nortlnvest on tlie other by means of the New Orleans & 
 Texas Pacitic Road. The machine shops, ronndhouse, etc., of tliis road will 
 he at Anniston. The Anniston & Atlantic, a narrow ^auge road of about sixty- 
 miles, owned by Anniston people, will, it is understood, be extended to the 
 Cababa coal fields on the south, and to Hnnt.sville on the north, where it will 
 strike the Louisville & Nashville system. This road would have a dozen or 
 more furnaces on its line, and the amount of freight would thus be verv great 
 
 
 COBB'S NEW HOTEL. 
 
 at the very start. Arrangements are being made for the extension of the East 
 & West road to Anniston, and this will doubtless be under way in a few 
 months, the surveyors now being in the field. 
 
 The Kansas City, ]Memphis & Birmingham Railroad is now regularly run- 
 ning to Birmingham, which is only sixty miles from Anniston. By way of the- 
 Georgia Pacific Road, this important connection is really as valuable to Annis- 
 ton, relatively, as it is to Birmingham. 
 
 When the Anniston & Cincinnati Railroad shall have been completed to 
 Attalla, saving about 120 miles and four hours in transit, according to the pres- 
 
Anniston, 183 
 
 ent schedule, this city will have in conjunction with the East Tennessee, Vir- 
 ginia & Georgia, the Georgia Pacitic and Kansas City lines, unrivaled connec- 
 tions with the North and Northwest. 
 
 The railways entering this town will have a splendid, modern, picturesque 
 and completely equipped station. The site selected, opposite the north end 
 of the cotton mill, is just the place to make Anniston appear to the best advan- 
 tage and be convenient to the public. The depot is nearing completion. 
 
 The main passenger building will be 100 feet in length by 42 feet in 
 breadth, will be modeled on the Queen Anne style, composed of rough stone, 
 and designed after the most stylish and attractive architecture. 
 
 At the north end of the main structure will be built a dining and refresh- 
 ment hall, and at the south end a baggage and express apartment and train 
 supply rooms. The north and south buildings will be separate from the main 
 building. 
 
 Two carriage entrances will be on the right and left of the main front 
 entrance. 
 
 Immediately back of the main building will be located what is commonly 
 called the car shed, which will be of sufficient capacity to accommodate four 
 trains at once. 
 
 In the near future the steel rails will give Anniston the Montgomery & 
 Chattanooga, the East Alabama & Cincinnati, and the Anniston & Gadsden 
 Railroads. 
 
 w 
 
 ATER SUPPLY 
 
 Perhaps no city in this part of the country can boast of as pure water, 
 supplied by a subterranean stream fed by the innumerable springs pouring 
 from the Blue Ridge range. The inexhaustible supply has been obtained by 
 sinking a well ten feet in diameter and eighty feet deep, which is lined with 
 a heavy cast-iron curbing put in in segments, all bolted securely together. 
 The water is forced by a splendid 150-horse power beam engine to a reservoir 
 situated on one of the hills in the eastern part of the city, at an elevation of 
 236 feet, and one mile distant from the water works. Heavy iron pipes are 
 laid through many of the streets, and the Company are now extending the 
 •service as rapidly as the increasing population demand it. Fire hydrants are 
 accessible in all parts of the city, and the pressure of 100 pounds to the inch 
 is sufficient to throw water over the highest buildings without the assistance 
 of a fire engine. 
 
 :iRE DEPARTMENT 
 
 Owing to the great elevation of the M-ater and pipe, the city enjoys an im- 
 munity against an expensive fire department that few towns anywhere can 
 boast of. The highest house in the city can be reached by the natural pres- 
 sure of the water, and the hose reel companies are excellently equipped, and 
 
184 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 are fully capable of combatting the fiercest conflagration. There are three 
 excellent organizations — the Glen Addie, Dan Tyler and Anniston City hose 
 reels. 
 
 W 
 
 HAT ANNISTON HAS 
 
 The subjoined exhibit is a most gratifying one for Anniston, and it will 
 require no prophet to read between the lines the future of this young and 
 thriving city. AVe would call special attention to the following table showing 
 
 Number of Employees and Amount of Wages Paid. 
 
 
 
 
 Monthly 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Value of 
 Product. 
 
 No. Em- 
 ployes. 
 
 N\ ages 
 
 and 
 Salaries. 
 
 83,000,000 
 
 82,000.000 
 
 3,"500 
 
 SS5,000 
 
 250,000 
 
 3(.X),lXX1 
 
 320 
 
 6,000 
 
 SOO.lXK) 
 
 2.000,(XX) 
 
 325 
 
 15,000 
 
 *4,000,000 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 1,200 
 
 70,0tX) 
 
 lO.OtX) 
 
 
 34 
 
 2,300 
 
 30,lXX) 
 
 75.000 
 
 50 
 
 3,0CX) 
 
 10.000 
 
 
 10 
 
 600 
 
 100,000 
 
 
 2.5 
 
 1,200 
 
 50,000 
 
 400,000 
 
 75 
 
 6,000 
 
 t200,0t)0 
 
 
 
 
 100,000 
 50,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,000,000 
 
 
 50 
 
 5,250 
 
 ToO.tXK) 
 
 
 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 1200,000 
 
 
 500 
 
 20,000 
 
 50,01X1 
 
 450,000 
 
 
 
 1,400,000 
 
 750,000 
 
 
 
 25,000 
 
 
 75 
 
 3,000 
 
 1,250.000 
 300,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 60,000 
 
 
 
 
 25,000 
 300,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (50,000 
 50,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 750,000 
 
 
 
 
 100,000 
 
 
 
 
 817,420,000 
 
 8S,975,0(.K> 
 
 CIM 
 
 8217,350 
 
 Woodstock Iron Co 
 
 Anniston Manufaoturiug Co 
 
 Anniston Pipe Woiks 
 
 The United States Kollinft Stock Co 
 
 Anniston Boiler and Sheet Iron Works 
 
 Murray & Stevenson's Foundry 
 
 Pinder & Co.'s Machine Shops. ' 
 
 Annistou Compress A: Warehouse Co 
 
 Annist >u Bloomary 
 
 First National Baiik 
 
 Bank of Anniston 
 
 Anniston Savings Bank 
 
 Anniston City Land Co 
 
 Anniston A- .\tlanuo Railroad 
 
 Anniston it Cincinnati Railroad 
 
 Brick Yards, Plauiui: Mills and other In 
 
 dustrics 
 
 Clifton Iron Co 
 
 Cahaba Coal Co 
 
 Taylor Fire Brick Works 
 
 Mercantile Business 
 
 Cuiversal Horse Shoe Machine Co 
 
 Barbour Machine Works 
 
 ^Midway Machine Works (.engines, etc.) 
 
 Hinge and Lock Co. (organized) 
 
 Stove I'huit (.organized) 
 
 Cas Plant. 
 
 South .\nniston Land Co 
 
 Anniston Street Railway 
 
 Totals 
 
 * One million invested at Anniston. 
 
 t Capit^il and surplus. 
 
 s 
 
 TREETS 
 
 Among the beauties and conveniences of Anniston are her public streets. 
 They run exactly north and south, east and west. They are straight as a line, 
 wide and well macadamized, while beautiful evergreen wateroaks adorn the 
 sidewalks, aflFording delightsome shade from the summer sun and picturesque 
 even in the dead of winter. Noble street, from Tenth street north, is the finest 
 drive in the city, lined on everj' side with business houses and palatial homes, 
 while the view is uninterruptetl for nearly a mile in extent. Quintard ave- 
 
Anniston. 
 
 185 
 
 Bue, on which many beautiful homes will be built, is to be dotted at equal 
 distances with miniature parks containing sparkling fountains, and when 
 completed will remind the observer, under the magic touch of the softening 
 rays of a summer moon, of an earthly Eden. Christine Place runs along the 
 base of the mountains that rim the eastern border of the Model City, and will 
 be the most elevated of all the streets, where luxurious homes will spring into 
 being that will delight the eye and please the fancy. On this thoroughfare 
 those who have ample means will build some of the finest residences to be 
 found in Alabama. Wilmer street will likely run from the base of the moun- 
 tain on the north, through Oxanna to Oxford, on the south nearly four miles 
 long, making a drive hardly equaled in the State of Alabama. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDING. 
 
 eCHOOLS, CHURCHES, SOCIETIES 
 
 [Daily Hot Blast.] 
 
 No feature of Anniston's attractions can, in the minds of intelligent men, 
 awaken greater interest than that which attaches itself to her educational 
 institutions. 
 
 True, since the birth of this young city, up to the present time, her public 
 schools have been comparatively small, but now the contractors have in hand 
 the work of erecting an elegant and commodious structure, for the accommo^ 
 
186 North Alabama. 
 
 dation of the schools, to be completed before the year expires. More buildings 
 will be added as occasion demands. The schools for the colored are, also, 
 in a flourishing condition. 
 
 These are bj'' no means the only educational facilities. Noble Institute, 
 a high school for girls, fully equipped with all necessary appliances and under 
 the charge of a faculty which is first-class in every particular, embracing in 
 its curriculum a thorough course in mathematics, English, ancient and 
 modern languages, science, art and music, is now in successful operation. 
 
 A substantial and imposing edifice, the boys' high school, has been 
 recently completed. This school, in addition to excellent classical training, 
 will furnish instruction in the chemical laboratory and in mechanical drawing 
 under the supervision of chemists and architects of the highest practical qual- 
 ifications. 
 
 Besides all this, there is on foot an enterprise looking to the establishment 
 here of a collegiate institution of the highest order, hence, it is reasonable to 
 conclude, that this city may, without presumption, claim that her educational 
 advantages will not suffer l)y comparison with those of any place in the State. 
 
 AVhen one takes into account that the scenery of this place is surpassingly 
 beautiful, that the climate is remarkable for its healthfulness, the water for 
 its purity, and the thoroughfares for their exemption from debasing influences, 
 which would, else, so terribly demoralize youth, the conclusion is inevitable 
 that this is destined to be, in deed and truth, the Model City. 
 
 The Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor, two 
 Knights of Labor Lodges, have a large membership and are in a flourishing 
 condition. Anniston is a rural city, the home of an educated and cultured 
 people, and its social advantages are far in advance of the average new city of 
 these days. 
 
 TTNITED STATES ROLLING STOCK COMPANY 
 
 The United States Rolling Stock Company, an organization with a paid- 
 up capital of .$4,000,000, and the largest manufacturers of cars in this covintry 
 or any other, have recently established works in this city. Their plant 
 embraces the car-wheel works and forge recently owned by Noble Bros, and 
 the Alabama Car Works, both of which establishments have been in operation 
 here for several years. This plant — valued at $250,000— is being rapidly 
 enlarged, so that its capacity will be twenty-five freight cars per day and eight 
 passenger coaches per month. Their car-wheel department, rolling mill and 
 forges will not only supply the car works here, but those belonging to the Com- 
 pany in Illinois, and also their car shojjs now being removed from Urbana, 
 Ohio, to Decatur, in this State. This Company will have invested over one 
 million of dollars in these works when completed. They will employ steadily 
 over 1,200 men, and their pay roll will amount to over $70,000 per month. 
 Their works will also include the largest machine shops in the South, where, 
 with the most approved machinery, they will be able to build engines and other 
 machines of the very largest size. They are now finishing five engines of 
 
Anniston. 
 
 187 
 
 UX.iiiJJ 
 
 AlEs ]1,)I.l;NG .stock CUMrAN\"te I'LAM. 
 
 900-horse power eacli. This Company was induced to locate here on account 
 of the superior quality of the Woodstock charcoal iron, which is the best iron 
 used in the manufacture of car wheels and axles, and, as they have extraordi- 
 nary facilities for manufacturing, and are in tiie center of the country in which 
 the demand for cars will be the greatest for some years to come, their object 
 is to make this establishment their principal one, the others being dependent 
 upon it for ever\-thing, excei)ting the luml)er. 
 
 The buildings embrace a car-wheel foundry 200 feet long; foundry for 
 other castings, boO feet long; machine shop, 200 feet long; forge, with steam 
 hammers, 200 feet long ; rolUng mill, 150 feet long ; car sloops, 1,000 feet long ; 
 two other buildings, 750 feet each, and several other buildings, 400 and 500 feet 
 long each, all erected under the most approved plans, and filled with the very 
 best machinery used in the manufacture of cars. Together with their lumber 
 yards, their plant will cover an area of over 70 acres. 
 
 jhp: anniston inn 
 
 This building is deserving of special mention. It was commenced in the 
 fall of 1884, and finished ancl opened to the public in April, 1885. It is a 
 graceful specimen of Queen Anne architecture. Its very appearance is an 
 invitation to rest and ease. The wide verandas extending entirely around 
 the first three floors indicate easy chairs and delicious breezes as far as they 
 
188 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 can be seen. Tlie interior of the Inn more than fnltills the expectation 
 awakened b}' its external attractions. It is simply perfect in all its appoint- 
 ments. The interior tinish is of solid wood polished like satin, and relieved 
 by unique tiles and rich tapestry. The square windows with their stained 
 glass and artistic draperies soften the scene with a peculiarly fine eti'ect. The 
 parlors are magnificently furnished, and offer many tempting devices for the 
 ease of their occupants. The bedrooms are large and perfectly ventilated, and 
 from the second to the fifth floor are furnished in equal style and taste. But 
 the most beautiful apartment in this elegant establishment is the diningroom.. 
 Its walls are of oak, with exquisitely carved ornaments and the finest attain- 
 able polish. The glowing arches which span it in three places, and the exqui- 
 site inlaid work which shines about the windows in various designs are among: 
 the many things to admire in this royal room. Its tables are furnished with 
 the clearest crystal, the brightest silver and the most beautiful china. The 
 menu is in keeping with the elegance of the table settings. The entire house 
 is lighted with incandescent electric lights. It is kept in every res])ect up to 
 the metropolitan standard, and is under the superintendence of Mr. Harry 
 Hardell, a well-known Philadelphia hotel man. From the verandas of the 
 iiotel a superb view is had. The breezes sweeping constantly through the 
 
Anniston. 
 
 189 
 
 ANNISTON INN-GRAND STAIRCASE. 
 
 wide arches and the fluttering curtains make the Inn a most tempting sum- 
 mer resort, and it is arranged to be kept warm and cozy m winter, so that 
 whenever a traveler tinds shelter beneath its roof he can be comfortable an. I 
 happy. 
 
 N 
 
 OTES SUMMARY 
 
 Anniston 
 
 Has two daily newspapers. 
 
 Has a population of over 10,000. 
 
 Has two stores that deal in hardware only. 
 
 Has 30,000 acres of the best coal in the State. 
 
 Has a fine agricultural country surrounding it. 
 
 Has great inducements to oflfer to new enterprises. 
 
 Has all kinds of timber within convenient distance. 
 
 Has profitable and safe investments for the capitalist. 
 
 Has two systems of electric light, gas, and street cars. 
 
 Has 75,000 acres of red and brown hematite iron ores. 
 
 Has many buildings noted for their architectural beauty. 
 
 Has doubled its population within the last twelve months. 
 
 Has two railroads owned and operated by its own cdtizens. 
 
 The largest cotton mill in the State is said to be in Anniston. 
 
 In another six months will have the free delivery mail system. 
 
190 North Alabama. 
 
 Is building an electric street car line to be run by electric motors. 
 
 Has a splendid steel Bloomary, that will give rise to many smaller 
 industries. 
 
 Has room and occupation for thousands of laborers, skilled mechanics 
 -and artisans. 
 
 Has an excellent system of railway connections with all parts of the 
 United States. 
 
 Anniston this year has shipped the product of its cotton mill to 
 .Shanghai, China. 
 
 Has three banks, but there is a splendid opening here for another with 
 business enough for all. 
 
 Has two coke furnaces nearly completed, which will produce 2,000,000 
 jjounds of iron per annum. 
 
 Has one wholesale grocery and commission house, whose business will 
 aggregate nearly $1,000,000 this year. 
 
 Has never had a "boom." Its growth has been solid and steady, free 
 from inflation, but wonderfully rapid. 
 
 The "Inn" is the wonder and admiration of visitors. It is one of the 
 most complete and perfect hotels in America. 
 
 The car axles made in Anniston of Anniston iron will bend double 
 when cold without showing a crack or a flaw. 
 
 Is building houses almost without number. They are going up every- 
 where, and yet the demand exceeds the supply. 
 
 There are already more than a dozen furnaces in the Anniston iron 
 district, and a number of others are under construction. 
 
 Is building the largest iron pipe works in the world, to employ 900 
 hands, and to turn out 200 tons of gas and water pipe a day. 
 
 The immense 90-inch INIorse cotton compress, with its great warehouses, 
 is aiding in making this a leading cotton market. It is estimated that the 
 receipts here during the coming season will be at least 40,000 to 50,000 bales, 
 and possibly 60,000 bales. 
 
 There are profitable openings in Anniston for every line of industry and 
 trade, including rolling mills, machine shops, boiler works, foundries, furnaces, 
 -cotton mills, woolen mills, furniture factories, spoke and handle factories, wire 
 nail factories, sash and door factories, sawmills, fertilizer factories, wholesale 
 •dry goods, grocery and hardware houses, etc. 
 
 The furnaces, car works, pipe works, etc., and other new enterprises now 
 under construction, and all of which will be completed in a few months, will 
 require 4,000 new workmen, thus adding 12,000 or more to the population of 
 the town. These concerns will turn out about .*200,000 worth of work a week. 
 This will all go into circulation in Anniston. 
 
Anniston. 191 
 
 C 
 
 ONCLUSION 
 
 The conclusion of this sketch of the " Model City " of the South cannot 
 Tae more appropriately made than in quoting the words of its founder, Samuel 
 jS^oble, Esq., at the Kelley banquet : 
 
 " All that has been done has been carefully considered, and for a purpose, 
 not to make a sjieculative town ; not to boom real estate, for that will take 
 ■care of itself; not to unload on the ignorant and unsuspecting, and pocket 
 other people's money, leaving them with exhausted resources to create an 
 industrial community as best they can. With us it means the creation of new 
 industries and the sustaining of the old, and making all prosperous and prof- 
 itable alike. It means for all time to come, an unlimited supply of fuels ami 
 ores for four large iron furnaces in and tributary to Anniston. It means 
 placing in the most favored position the large coke furnaces that are now 
 building. It means cheap iron and fuel for the largest and most complete 
 pipe foundry in America, now in course of construction. It means the com- 
 mand of the finest timber in the world for ear works, and cheap iron, cheap 
 jsteel works and cotton factory. It means cheap transportation and easy access 
 to all parts of our common country, for the products of our industry, and the 
 return of all commodities in exchange. It means a careful and prudent 
 investment of capital that will yield a profitable return, and build and sustain 
 every mercantile and business interest, add to the wealth of our State and 
 community, and open up new markets to our merchants. It means the addi- 
 tion of 4,000 workingmen to our population within the next fifteen months, 
 and an addition of 20,000 more to our population. It means the creation of a 
 home market for our agriculturists, and with our diversified manufactures 
 rendering diversified farming not only possible but profitable. It means the 
 increase of wealtli and purchasing power of all our people — farmers and 
 artisans alike— and their ability to command what every man from youth up 
 ■dreams and struggles to acquire, the greatest amount of the necessities, the 
 comforts and the luxuries of life. Thus, as far as possible, has the future of 
 Anniston been secured, and it seems that nothing has been unthought of or 
 left undone. Its great industries located ; its means of transportation pro- 
 vided ; no niggard hand has cramped its new enterprise for s^jace, but every 
 acre that will be needed for generations to come, even under the greatest 
 favorable development, has been given them. All this has been done, not by 
 the expenditure of hundreds of thousands but by many millions of dollars. 
 It has been done without the issue of a bond or mortgage, a note or a single 
 evidence of debt, relieving all our enterprises of all fixed charges either in 
 times of prosperity or depression. It has been done judiciously and to make 
 profitable the use of nature's capital in the great mineral resources with which 
 she has surrounded lis." 
 
192 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Representative Business Men, Identified with the City's 
 History and Growth. 
 
 Land Company. 
 
 THE ANNISTON CITY LAND COM- 
 PANY. — In every city tliere are com- 
 panies whose long connection with bnsi- 
 ness pnrsnits, whose pre-eminence in all 
 matters of pnblic enterprise, and whose 
 record for untiinching integrity and 
 energy make them objects of special 
 note. ' There are few men or firms in 
 Anniston whose long continuance in 
 real estate matters has made them as 
 good judges as the gentlemen at the 
 head of the Anniston City Land Com- 
 pany. The Company oilers for sale 
 2,700 acres of the finest residence and 
 business property in all parts of the city. 
 This Company invites correspondence 
 from those des'iring to purchase lots for 
 homes or for investment. This corpor- 
 ation, which has contributed much to 
 the welfare of Anniston, and which is 
 now in a position to do more than ever 
 before, has a capital stock of $3,000,000 
 paid up. To this Company belong the 
 famous Anniston Inn and grounds, the 
 water works, the electric light plant, and 
 upward of a thousantl beautiful cottages. 
 Col. John M. McKleroy, Esq., is the es- 
 teemed President. He is a native of 
 Eufauhi, Alabama. He is a Mason and 
 Knight of Honor, and a member of the 
 A. O. U. W. His chosen profession is 
 that of a lawyer, though he does not 
 generally practice. He was educated at 
 Howard College, Marion, Alabama, 
 where he graduated in 1860. Colonel 
 
 McKleroy served during the war, and 
 was severely wounded near P'ayetteville^ 
 North Carolina. D. T. Parker, Esq.,. 
 Treasurer, is a native of Munroe Count}', 
 Alabama. He has been a remarkably 
 successful business man. 
 
 The prompt action, sound judgment 
 and decision of character of the otiicers 
 of this Company, together with their 
 large acquaintance, render this Com- 
 pany a most desirable one with which 
 to assume business relations, conduct- 
 ing, as it does, all its negotiations in a 
 prompt, thorough and satisfactory man- 
 ner. 
 
 Iron Company. 
 
 WOODSTOCK IRON COMPANY.— 
 The great importance of Anniston as a 
 manufacturing center is now ret-ognized, 
 and each succeeding year will witness 
 the building of new industries and the 
 establishment of new plants. That this 
 development will continue is in the 
 very nature of things evident, for in the 
 fields adjacent the city is inexhaustible 
 mineral wealth, which is so located as to 
 l)e advantageously utilized. The pioneer 
 industry in this development, and the 
 first to see and appreciate the Anniston 
 district, was the Woodstock Iron Com- 
 pany. 
 
 The Company was organized in 1872, 
 and their first furnace "blown in" 
 April, 1873, just fifteen vears ago. The 
 original capital was $1 40^000. A decade 
 
Anniston. 
 
 193 
 
 WOODSTOCK FURNACES. 
 
 and a half has passed, and what is the 
 status of the Company to-day ? It now 
 has four furnaces, employs 2,000 men, 
 produces 20,000 tons of car-wheel iron, 
 yields 100,000 tons of best Cahaba coke, 
 owns 60,000 acres of mineral and timber 
 lands, has built and owns hundreds of 
 houses for its operatives, possesses prop- 
 <^rty to the value of $3,000,000, and has 
 a reputation for its product second to 
 none in the United States. The re- 
 markable success of the corporation is 
 more than a verification of the wisdom 
 of its establishment. 
 
 The chief product of the Woodstock 
 Company is standard car-wheel iron. 
 Oreat care is taken in its manufacture. 
 The ore is thoroughly cleansed of dirt, 
 then calcined, by expelling all moisture, 
 and lastly screened. It is then crushed 
 and placed in the furnace. The result 
 is a product low in phosphorus and an 
 iron not surpassed in strength by any 
 made in America. Its reputation is 
 great and wide-spread, for shipments are 
 made North, East, West, to the Terri- 
 tories and Canada, in fact, everywhere 
 car wheels are made. It is used also for 
 castings requiring great strength, used 
 by rolling mills for making sheet-iron, 
 and used largely in the manufacture of 
 cotton ties. The Woodstock iron brings 
 the highest price and is always in de- 
 mand. A decided advantage possessed 
 
 by this Company is the fact that they 
 own coal fields, and make all their own 
 coke from Cahaba coal, the finest coking 
 coal in Alabama. 
 
 The officers of the Company are : Al- 
 fred L. Tyler, President, and Samuel 
 Noble, Secretary and Treasurer, who are 
 too well known to need any extended 
 notice in these pages. Mr. Tyler is a 
 man of remarkable characteristics, full 
 of energy of purpose and intellectual 
 force. He is noted for his executive 
 ability and prompt and thorough busi- 
 ness methods. He is from Connecticut. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Noble is an Englishman, 
 coming from Cornwall. He is Vice 
 President and General Manager of the 
 Company, and is its leading work- 
 ing officer. It is imder his immediate 
 management that the great success of the 
 Woodstock has been achieved. He is a 
 business man of iiigh order, energetic, 
 discreet, and possesses a broad and plas- 
 tic comprehension. Mr, Noble is public 
 spirited, philanthropic and generous to 
 an unusual degree. He founded and 
 built Noble Institute, and many other 
 acts of charity have been prompted by 
 his benevolence. He is indispensable to 
 Anniston, and has done more to make 
 the city what it is than any other man. 
 The officers have made this plant a last- 
 ing credit to Anniston and the State of 
 Atabama, and proved to the world the 
 
194 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 feasibility and superior advantages of 
 iron manufacture at the South. 
 
 Planing and Molding Mill. 
 
 FARRAR & HIGGINS.— The spacious 
 and well arranged premises of this ex- 
 tensive concern are equipped with all 
 the latest improved machiner}', operated 
 by heavy steam power, lighted by elec- 
 tricity, and is run eighteen hours per 
 day. A competent force of experienced 
 hands is employed in the production of 
 the superior work for which the estab- 
 lishment is widely noted. This Hrm was 
 established in 1887, and since the start 
 has done splendidly. It succeeded Mr. 
 W. T. Farrar, and does an annual busi- 
 nest of $50,0U0. Messrs. Farrar & Hig- 
 gins do ever)' kind of planing and mold- 
 ing, having one of the best mills in the 
 country for this purpose. They make a 
 specialty of moldings, flooring, ceilings, 
 jig-sawing, turning and housefurnishing 
 material. They make to order packing 
 boxes, wardrobes, clothespresses, and 
 tables of all descriptions. They keep the 
 greatest quantity and the finest selection 
 of rough and dressed lumber always on 
 hand. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Higgins is a native of Canada. 
 He is an Odd Fellow, and was formerly 
 engaged at Boston in planing-mill work. 
 He attends to the mill department, 
 whilst his partner, W. T. Farrar, of Man- 
 chester, England, attends to the con- 
 tracting and building department out- 
 side. The latter is eminently suited to 
 his position. Both gentlemen are men 
 of the finest character and business 
 ability, which accounts for the very large 
 measure of success they have met with 
 on all sides. They are full of indomit- 
 able energy, push and pull, and are the 
 busiest men in Anniston to-day. They 
 are rushed with business, and contem- 
 plate enlarging their plant. They have 
 a branch mill at Talladega. Messrs. 
 Farrar & Higgins are wide-awake, indus- 
 trious men who enjoy the esteem of all. 
 
 Banking. 
 
 THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK.— 
 
 The financial policy of the Government 
 as seen in the National Banking system 
 is wise, safe and economical, and" best 
 subserves the business interests of the 
 country. That it is an improvement on 
 the old State banking system will be 
 readily admitted. The governmental 
 plan was the outgrowth of the war, and 
 the elfect of the demands of the business 
 
 world and a practical political economy, 
 A history of the national system would 
 be interesting, but would not be in keep- 
 ing with the purpose of this work, which 
 has for its object the discussion more of 
 individual institutions than the abstract 
 question. This leads us to make the 
 statement that the only exponent of the 
 national system in Anniston is the First. 
 National. The bank was chartered in 
 1888, and organized with a capital stock 
 of $100,000. The growth and prosperity 
 of the bank has been pari passu with 
 the growth and prosperity of the city,. 
 a great deal, indeed, to claim. As an 
 evidence of its prosperity we have only 
 to state that its individual deposits ag- 
 gregate more than half a million dollars;, 
 is paying a semi-annual dividend of 4 
 per cent., and has accumulated a surplus 
 and undivided profit of $150,000. The 
 First National transacts a general bank- 
 ing business, buys and sells exchange, 
 makes collections for parties at a distance,, 
 and are thoroughly equipped for all the 
 details of the work. The management 
 is committed to a wise and economic 
 policy, and the mention of the names of 
 its officers is at once a guarantee of safety 
 and solidity. The President is D. T. 
 Parker, a man well known for his finan- 
 cial ability. He is an Alabamian, from 
 Munroe County, and for many years 
 was engaged in the cotton business at 
 Mobile. O. E. Smith, the Cashier, is 
 also a native of this State, born in Mobile,, 
 where for a long time he was actively 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits. Of late 
 years he was a wholesale grocery mer- 
 chant at Selma. The directory com- 
 prises some of the most substantial men 
 of the State, and, in a word, we may say 
 that the First National is a credit alike 
 to the city and to its excellent execu- 
 tive. 
 
 Safe Deposit Company, 
 
 ANNISTON SAVINGS AND SAFE 
 DKPOSIT COMPANY.— In writing the 
 brief history of a city the savings insti- 
 tutions are of so much importance to the 
 public that we accord them prominent 
 mention. They encourage those provi- 
 dent habits of saving the small sums 
 which the young, as well as many older 
 persons, have been in the habit of spend- 
 ing freely. A city should look upon its 
 savings banks with pride, and encourage 
 and foster them. The Anniston Savings 
 and Safe Deposit Company was founded 
 in April, 1887. It is located in 
 a fine brick building, two stories in 
 
Anniston. 
 
 195 
 
 heiirht. It is central and convenient 
 to the people. The capital stock is 
 $100,000— tlie value of each share 
 being $1.00, and is held in vari- 
 ous quantities by every one in the 
 city. They receive on deposit sums of 
 money from one dollar and upward, 
 and pay on the same a semi-annual 
 interest, and return the principal and 
 interest at such times as the depositors 
 may demand. Small sums thus saved 
 often accrue to a large amount, and when 
 times of need come are found a blessing 
 indeed. The Bank does a general bank- 
 ing business, also buys and sells secu- 
 rities, stocks and bonds. The history of 
 this institution in the past has been 
 such as to merit the approval of the cit- 
 izens generally, and the ability and dis- 
 cretion of the officers is sure to conduct 
 it on a safe basis in the future. Mr. 
 John B. Rees, the President, is a native 
 of Georgia. He is engaged in the real 
 estate, stock and bond business in An- 
 niston, in the well-known firm of Rees 
 & Camfield. Mr. W. S. Larned, pro- 
 prietor of the South Anniston Hardware 
 Company, Vice President, and Mr. T. C. 
 Stephens, Cashier, are both from the 
 North. The officers are men of recog- 
 nized ability, and known to conduct 
 
 business on a high plane of commercial 
 honor and rectitude. AVe are glad to 
 find space in this volume for all such 
 enterprises that help to advance the 
 interests of Anniston, and our readers 
 will find that business transactions with 
 the Anniston Savings Bank will prove 
 pleasant and profitable. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 REES & CAMFIELD.— Among the 
 successful firms of brokers here, Rees & 
 Camfield occupy a prominent position. 
 Established in 1887, both members of the 
 firm bring to bear exceptional qualifica- 
 tions as regards experience, ability and 
 influential connections. Their office is 
 in the Savings Bank building. Noble 
 street. Parties receive prompt and cour- 
 teous attention, whether they apply in 
 person or by letter. They ofler for sale 
 the richest of iron, coal and timber 
 lands, well located for immediate devel- 
 opment. 
 
 To outside capitalists contemplating 
 investments in this section, we know no 
 firm more qualified to meet public ex- 
 pectations, and secure remunerative in- 
 vestments. In city real estate and 
 suburban property, also, Messrs. Rees & 
 
196 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Camfieltl offer splendid opportunities for 
 investment. Tlie firm negotiate loans on 
 bond and mortgage. They are also lead- 
 ing brokers for the purchase and sale of 
 stocks and bonds of all kinds on com- 
 mission, and ofier the best medium for 
 the placing of local and State securities 
 upon the market. The steady growth of 
 their business is due to their prompt, 
 honorable policy, and the facilities 
 afioi-ded to their customers. The pros- 
 pects of Messrs. Rees & Camfield in the 
 near future are of the most favorable 
 character. The business was originally 
 estahlished in 1884, by Mr. Rees, and in 
 1887 ]\Ir. Camfield was taken into part- 
 nership. 
 
 Mr. John B. Rees is a native of Geor- 
 gia. 
 
 Major C. H. Camfield served the Con- 
 federacy in the late war. Previous to 
 going into business here, was engaged in 
 Atlanta, being Superintendent and Gener- 
 al Manager of the Chattahoochee Brick 
 Company, of that city. These gentlemen 
 are esteemed in business and social cir- 
 cles, and are acknowledged leaders 
 among the enterprising business men of 
 Anniston. 
 
 Stoves and Tinware. 
 
 A. H. JONES. — An old and represen- 
 tative house in this branch of commer- 
 cial activity is that of Mr. A. H. Jones, 
 who, from the first establishment of liis 
 business, has enjoyed an enviable rei^u- 
 tation. 
 
 ]\Ir. Jones keeps on a large scale all 
 kinds of furnished stoves and tinware of 
 every description, while he does a large 
 jobbing trade in all kinds of liousefur- 
 nishing goods. A specialty is made of 
 lamps. 
 
 The premises, a two-story brick struct- 
 ure, is fitted up with all the modern ad- 
 juncts of convenience and neatness, 
 while the stock carried is large and well- 
 selected. 
 
 Mr. Jones is a native of Calhoun Coun- 
 ty, Alabama, and has made himself and the 
 business he so thoroughly understands 
 essential to those with whom he has been 
 dealing.* This energetic gentleman has 
 exhibited decided al:)ility in the conduct 
 of his enterprise as well as uniform cour- 
 tesy and fair dealing to all parties, which 
 is the cause of his standing so well in 
 the community. His general reijutation 
 thoroughly entitles his house to be re- 
 garded as one of the representative firms 
 of Anniston. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 J. C. PERKINS & CO.— The mer- 
 chants of Anniston are live, wide-awake, 
 enterprising, and, as a class, no city in 
 the State can boast of better business 
 men. Their places of business indicate 
 thrift, and almost without exception are 
 models of neatness and good order. 
 
 Among grocery stores here a leading 
 and representative one is J. C. Perkins & 
 Co., Noble street. 
 
 This firm was established in 1887, and 
 occupies the first or ground floor of a 
 handsome three-story brick building on 
 Noble, between Tenth and Eleventh 
 streets. The storeroom is supplied with 
 a full line of choice family and fancy 
 groceries, embracing in part, sugar, cof- 
 fees, teas, syrup, flour, hams, meal, 
 canned goods, salt, dried and smoked 
 meat, salt fish, and many table delica- 
 cies and luxuries, both domestic and im- 
 ported. Their goods are fresh and pure, 
 and sold on a very small margin of pro- 
 fits. Since establishment the firm has en- 
 joyed a liberal trade, and the prompt and 
 reliable methods have won for them 
 many friends and patrons. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Perkins, the senior member, 
 and manager, is a New Yorker, and is a 
 successful husiness man. He stands high 
 in commercial circles, and is very popu- 
 lar. 
 
 Merchandise. 
 
 CATER-HENDERSON MERCAN- 
 TILE COMPANY.— The grocery busi- 
 ness is the most vital of all mercan- 
 tile pursuits. It is of jmrne importance 
 and should come first in a review of this 
 kind, devoted to any exhibit of the mer- 
 cantile and manufacturing interests of 
 the State. Prominent here, and among 
 the leading companies engaged in this 
 special line of business is the Cater-Hen- 
 derson Mercantile Company. This en- 
 terprise was established a little over a 
 
Anniston. 
 
 197 
 
 •year ago, and from its inception it has 
 met with a liberal patronage and en- 
 -couragement from the citizens and sur- 
 rounding country. 
 
 The firm occupies a handsome two-story 
 brick structure. The store is stocked with 
 a fine assortment of fancy and staple 
 -groceries, embracing everything in the 
 way of edibles, fine groceries, provisions, 
 etc. The prices are as low as the lowest, 
 and are sold upon an extremely small 
 margin of profit. They have a large re- 
 tail patronage, and number among their 
 customers some of the best families in 
 this city. They are also wholesale deal- 
 •ers, and ship goods through a wide 
 scope of country. Their goods are always 
 fresh, pure, and can be found as repre- 
 sented. 
 
 Mr. G. E. Cater, the senior member of 
 the firm, is a native of Alabama. He is 
 an industrious, energetic and wide-awake 
 •business man. 
 
 Mr. 0. Z. Henderson is also an Ala- 
 laamian, and regarded as possessing 
 superior business ability. 
 
 The firm, as constituted, is a credit 
 :alike to its proprietors and the business 
 -community. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 WHETSTONE & CO.— This ably-con- 
 ••ducted and well-stocked store was estab- 
 lished in 1884, and has succeeded, owing 
 to the choice variety and high grade of 
 the goods carried, and the low prices at 
 ■which they are sold. 
 
 The premises occupied consist of a two- 
 .-story brick building. Here may be found a 
 varied and comprehensive assortment of 
 the finest foreign and domestic groceries, 
 fruits and produce, teas, cofl'ees, spices, 
 -canned goods, provisions, cigars, tobac- 
 cos, etc., and all goods which are to be 
 •obtained here are guaranteed of unriv- 
 .^led quality, and may be purchased at 
 the lowest market prices. 
 
 Whetstone & Co. are special agents 
 for perfect pastry patent flour, which is 
 too well known and popular to need 
 further mention of its excellent qualities. 
 The permanent trade of this house is 
 widely extended in and around the city, 
 and is both liberal and substantial in its 
 • character. 
 
 Mr. T. F. Whetstone is a native of 
 Autauga county, Alabama. 
 
 This house thoroughly deserves all 
 the success it has attained, being known 
 ias an honorable and fair one, and one 
 "which promptly attends to all orders. 
 
 14 
 
 Furniture, Coffins, Etc. 
 
 CAMPBELL, PHILLIPS & CO.— 
 
 Among the foremost establishments in its 
 important branch of trade should be 
 mentioned the house of Camisbell, 
 Phillips & Co., wholesale and retail 
 dealers in furniture and coffins. They 
 have been established five years. 
 The premises are spacious and well 
 arranged, every requisite facility be- 
 ing at hand for the advantageous con- 
 duct of a first-class business. These 
 gentlemen have a splendid business in 
 and out of Anniston, and all through the 
 State. They keep a large and varied 
 stock of furniture, embracing all the 
 finest designs and most fashionable styles. 
 The dimensions of the store are 30 x 120 
 feet, is of brick, and two stories. In 
 this house everything pertaining to mod- 
 ern undertaking is executed in the high- 
 est degree of general excellence, and the 
 large and liberal patronage received 
 demonstrates clearly the popularity of 
 the house in the community. 
 
 Mr. R. C. Campbell is a native of Ten- 
 nessee, and came to Anniston from 
 Union, that State. He is thoroughly 
 skilled in his dual profession and fully 
 deserves the success that his energy and 
 enterprise have achieved. 
 
 Mr. J. W. Phillips is an Alabamian, 
 and Mr. T. B. Saulpaw is from East 
 Tennessee. Both are young men of 
 fine business ability and enjoy the 
 esteem and confidence of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 They have a branch house in Gadsden. 
 
 Hardware, Glassware, Etc. 
 
 GEO. P. CASON.— A rapidly devel- 
 oping and intelligently conducted enter- 
 prise is that of Mr. ' George P. (.!ason, 
 which was established in 1887. This re- 
 liable and prominent house has taken a 
 leading part in the growth of Anniston, 
 and its trade is a large item in the ag- 
 gregate of business transacted here. The 
 proprietor occupies a conveniently lo- 
 cated and well-fitted-up store, 13x116 
 feet in dimensions, and conveniently ar- 
 ranged for business purposes. He car- 
 ries a well-selected and comprehensive 
 stock, comprising stoves of every descrip- 
 tion, every kind of tin and glassware, 
 and all articles in tins line necessary 
 to the household. There can be found 
 various styles of lamps and lamp fixtures, 
 roofing, guttering, cornice work, etc. All 
 general repairing is done here on quickest 
 notice. Prices are so low as to make it 
 
198 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 to one's advantage to deal with this firm, 
 and full satisfaction is guaranteed to 
 (.•ustoniers. 
 
 ]\Ir. Geo. P. Cason, a native of Georgia, 
 Elbert County, is a business man of un- 
 tiring energy and unquestioneil worth, 
 and the fullest eonfideni'e in all his deal- 
 ings is uniforndy shown. He stands in 
 high esteem ; is a member of the Knights 
 of Pythias. 
 
 JNIr. Cason has always been engaged in 
 this business antl has made a study of 
 every detail of it. There is not a retail 
 store in Anniston that can command a 
 larger patronage, and it is all due to the 
 skill and management of the proprietor. 
 
 Livery, Feed and Sale Stable. 
 
 AV. D. BTSH.— This is the largest and 
 most complete establishment of its kind 
 in Anniston. The business was origi- 
 nally called the "Parker House Stables." 
 Mr. 'Bush bought out ^Ir. Adderhold in 
 the spring of 1887, and his reliable 
 methods and fair dealings have made this 
 enterprise a pronounced and continuous 
 success. The building occupied is cen- 
 trally located, and consists of a series of 
 buildings, the principal one being a large 
 brick, equipped with all un)dern con- 
 veniences and faciliiies. A large num- 
 ber of handsome carriages and buggies 
 are kept for hire, and a number of fine 
 riding and driving horses are provided 
 for pleasure or business purposes, the 
 turnouts being as stylish as those of any 
 city in the .State. Horses are boarded at 
 reasonable rates, and careful attendance 
 is always given to stock t^itrusted to his 
 care. Many men are employed, and the 
 most attentive care is given to all patrons. 
 
 INlr. W. D. Bush is a native of Frank- 
 lin County, Georgia. He is a man of ex- 
 tended business experience, and is gen- 
 erally esteemed as among the foremost 
 and most deservedly successful business 
 men of the city. 
 
 Pipe Works. 
 
 ANNISTON PIPE WORKS.— These 
 works are among the latest and largest 
 accessions to the long list of Anniston's 
 industries. They were established in 
 1887, and is the largest plant of the kind 
 in America, liaving a daily capacity of 
 200 tons of finishetl pipe, ranging in size 
 from three to forty-eight inches. The 
 works, including the yards, cover an 
 area of twenty acres. A force of 350 
 men is employed in this mammoth es- 
 tablishment. These works adjoin the 
 
 two new furnaces of the Woodstock Iror^ 
 Company, each of which has a capacity 
 of 120 tons i)er day, almost the entire 
 output of which the pipe works will con- 
 sume. The two engines have an aggre- 
 gate capacity of 200-horse power. There 
 are six cnj)olas in the pipe foundry. 
 These extensive works are snpi)lied with 
 fuel (it will be of interest to many ta- 
 know) from Blocton, Bibb County, in the 
 Cahaba basin. 
 
 William Spencer, a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, is the president. He was edu- 
 cated in Pennsylvania, having lived 
 there until (juite recently. 
 
 R. F. Carter, also a Pennsylvanian, is 
 superintendent. He has of late been, 
 connected with the Cleveland Pipe 
 Works. 
 
 S. H. Smith, a native of Alabama, is- 
 secretar\'. 
 
 The above are men of .splendid charac- 
 ter and sterling qualities, and Anniston 
 cannot but rejoice in getting such men 
 interested in her welfare, being, as they 
 are, men well calculated to materially 
 aid and increase the general prosperity 
 of the city. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 A. R. NININGER.— Success to a very 
 large extent in any branch of business 
 dei)ends to a great degree upon intelligent 
 proficiency, which involves a thoroughly 
 practical knowledge of and attention to- 
 details. Condoning these characteristics- 
 in an eminent degree, and transacting an 
 extensive business, the annual aggregate 
 of which is a significant item in the sum 
 total of real estate sales, the firm which 
 is the subject of this sketch nnist be ac- 
 corded a place upon these pages equally 
 prominent to that which it holds in the 
 business circles of Anniston. 
 
 Mr. A. R. Nininger has a handsomely 
 appointed office in the new Constantine 
 Building. AVhile being a general real 
 estate dealer he pays particular attention 
 to investments for non-residents, either- 
 in outright i)urchases of realty or in 
 mortgages. He has resided in Anniston 
 nearly two years, and in that time has 
 become thoroughly informed regarding,- 
 values, and his o]uuion and judgment 
 would prove advantageous to all pros- 
 pectors. In addition to having a long^ 
 list of valuable city and suburban prop- 
 erty, he has bargains to ofier in coal,. g 
 iron and timber lands. '^ 
 
 Mr. Nininger was formerly of St. Paul,. 
 Minnesota, and more recently of Lowndes- 
 County, this State. He is considered im. 
 
Anniston. 
 
 199 
 
 business circles a man of worth and in- 
 fluence and one who has rendered val- 
 uable services to Anniston. 
 
 General Merchandise. 
 
 McJUNKINS & CO.— A noteworthy 
 mercantile establishment is that of 
 Messrs. INIcJunkins & Co., on Noble 
 street, corner of Thirteenth. The firm 
 has l)een establisiicd five years, and has 
 met with a liberal patronage. They deal 
 in staiileand fancy groceries, country pro- 
 duce, hay, corn, oats, bran, lard, bacon, 
 flour, syruj) and a general line of heavy 
 groceries and feed products. They 
 solicit consignments of fruits and vege- 
 tables in season, and make prompt re- 
 mittances of all sales. In addition to 
 the groceries they a!so carry a select 
 stock of boots and shoes, etc., and are 
 prepared to offer inducements in all 
 these goods. The store is a handsome 
 one, and is stocked with the choicest and 
 finest of goods. 
 
 Mr. McJunkins is a native of Florida, 
 and has resided in Anniston about five 
 years. He is popular and highly es- 
 teemed in commercial circles. 
 
 School. 
 
 NOBLE INSTITUTE.— This school for 
 young ladies was beautifully fitted up 
 and entirely built by Samuel Noble, 
 Esq., a gentleman noted for his benevo- 
 lence and public spirit. The object of 
 this school is to furnish facilities for the 
 higher education of girls, superior to the 
 average course of instruction afforded 
 by common schools. This object has 
 been fully realized so far in the progress 
 and development of the institution. The 
 curriculum embraces all the requisites 
 of a substantial training in literature, 
 science, languages and mathematics, to- 
 gether with the advantages of a liberal 
 culture in music and art. 
 
 Miss E. V. Bristow, a teacher of wide 
 experience, is the principal of the Insti- 
 tute, and it goes without saying, that a 
 teacher so talented and so favorably 
 known cannot help but make this school 
 a success. In music the finest advan- 
 tages are offered, aseminentandthorough 
 teachers are employed. The department 
 of drawing and painting is also under 
 the care of an accomplished teacher. 
 There are sixty-one pupils now in the 
 school. There will be a large boarding 
 <lepartment, fully equipped in every de- 
 tail, fitted up expressly for the comfort 
 
 and convenience of the school. The In- 
 stitute sent forth its first graduating 
 class this year. The school is beauti- 
 fully located, and the house is supplied 
 with all the modern conveniences. The 
 course is full and thorough, the govern- 
 nient that of a Christian family, and in all 
 its work it cannot fail to give satisfaction 
 to its patrons. 
 
 Jeweler and Optician. 
 
 DOERING & ROBINSON.— A repre- 
 sentative mercantile house of this city, 
 and one of the oldest established houses 
 in the jewelry line, is Messrs. Doering 
 tt Robinson. This house was founded 
 January, 1884, and its prosperous career 
 is indicative of an able and popular 
 management. The premises consist of a 
 fine two-story brick building, located in 
 the best business block in town, namely, 
 the Constantine Building, on the east 
 side of Noble street. They make a 
 specialty of the finest lines of diamonds, 
 watches, clocks, jewelry, silverware and 
 optical goods, keeping all the best makes 
 of spectacles, eye-glasses, etc., of every 
 description. The commodious and well- 
 arranged salesroom is neatly fitted up, 
 and the stock displayed is large, com- 
 prehensive and of the best. 
 
 Mr. M. F. Doering is a native of West 
 Prussia, Germany. He belongs to the 
 Jewelers' League of New York. Coming 
 from England he was engaged for several 
 years at Tiffany's, New York, as watch- 
 maker. 
 
 Mr. R. H. Robinson, his partner, is a 
 native of Alabama. He is a first-class 
 
200 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 engraver, and is an expert manufactur- 
 ing jeweler. 
 
 The patronage of these gentlemen 
 represents the high-class custom of the 
 vicinity. They are both men of excel- 
 lent standing and are popular with all in 
 the community. 
 
 Builders' Supplies. 
 
 THOS. S. FORBES, Manager.— In the 
 field of industrial enterprise there are 
 few establishments in Anniston which 
 can lay claim to more general recognition 
 than that of the Builders' Supplies Com- 
 pany. The enterprise was inaugurated 
 in 1887, being a branch of the main com- 
 pany at Birmingham, and in the rapid 
 growth of this dourishing city it is tak- 
 ing a prominent and active part. This 
 Company occupies a building and yards 
 on Glen Addie street. 
 
 Mr. Thos. S. Forbes is the manager of 
 the establishment. He has on hand at 
 all times an immense stock of sash, 
 blinds, doors and everything in the line 
 of builders' materials. 
 
 The stock is a very large and complete 
 one, and embraces sand, lime, cement, 
 plaster of paris, A A tarred felt, three- 
 ply ready roofing, building paper, Choc- 
 colocco oil, pressed brick, mica roofing, 
 etc. 
 
 Mr. Forbes brings to bear long prac- 
 tical experience in business, and with 
 such perfected facilities for carrying on 
 this enterprise, he will soon develop the 
 largest trade in this line in the State. 
 Those dealing with this company can 
 rely on securing advantages not readily 
 duplicated elsewhere, with prices suited 
 to the wants of all. 
 
 Druggists. 
 
 C. H. McPHARLANE & CO.— Our 
 
 pen sketches of Anniston's mercantile 
 enterprises would not be complete with- 
 out mention of the recently established 
 firm of IMessrs. C. H. ]\IcPharlane & Co. 
 This firm opened their doors to the pub- 
 lic in April of the present year, and are 
 meeting with substantial encourage- 
 ment from the people. The premises oc- 
 cupied are located on Tenth, between 
 Gurnee and ]\Ioore streets. The build- 
 ing is a two-story brick structure, 
 and-well adapted for the purposesof con- 
 ducting a retail drug trade. Their stock 
 embraces a complete line of drugs, chem- 
 icals, druggists' sundries, toilet articles, in 
 fact, all things usually found in a first- 
 class drug store may here be purchased. 
 
 A competent pharmacist is in charge of 
 the prescription department, and special 
 attention is given to the tilling of physi- 
 cians' prescriptions. Their stock of goods 
 is fresh, and selected with special care 
 and pains, and it is the determination of 
 the proprietors to keep on hand nothing 
 but the purest and best goods, no adul- 
 teration ever being allowed in this estab- 
 lishment. 
 
 Mr. C. H. McPharlane is a recent ac- 
 cession to the business men of Anniston, 
 and comes from Georgia. He lived for a 
 number of years at LaGrange, in that 
 State, where he was successfully en- 
 gaged in merchandising. Since his short 
 stay here he has made many friends, and 
 has already obtained a good list of custo- 
 mers. His establishment should receive, 
 as it deserves, the patronage of the peo- 
 ple of Anniston. 
 
 Furnishing Goods. 
 
 ANNISTON BARGAIN STORE. — 
 A careful review of the business inter- 
 ests of Anniston develops the existence 
 of a class of houses in every respect pre- 
 pared to compete in the several lines 
 they represent with the rival establish- 
 ments of other and larger cities. Such 
 is the "The Anniston Bargain Store." 
 AVith two large establishments on Tenth 
 street, this firm carries a complete and 
 select stock of goods, and, in doing a 
 strictly cash business, they are enabled 
 to sell cheaper than any other firm 
 South. " The Anniston Bargain House" 
 is one of the most notable features of 
 Tenth street, in an eligibly located two- 
 story brick building. There can be found 
 the most varied and complete line of 
 gents' furnishings, hats, caps, boots, 
 shoes, including the best ready-made 
 clothing in the market. Here may also 
 be found the latest styles in millinery, 
 laces, ribbons, and all notions and fancy 
 goods to be desired, or that taste, judg- 
 ment and experience could suggest. 
 Stoves, tinware and crockery to suit all 
 can be had here at popular prices, and 
 customers have the satisfaction of know- 
 ing that they receive full value for their 
 money. 
 
 This enterprising firm has also a well 
 appointed furniture store on Tenth 
 street, where every description of furni- 
 ture, from a two-dollar cradle to the 
 finest drawingroom suites, can be had. 
 Parlor, chamber, drawingroom suites, or 
 single pieces of any description, and 
 diningroora, kitchen, office and library 
 furniture are supplied by this house. 
 
Anniston. 
 
 201 
 
 Mr. R. H. Cobb, the manager for the 
 firm, is a native of Georgia. He has won 
 a place as leader in the social and com- 
 mercial circles of Anniston, being 
 esteemed and respected by all who know 
 him. 
 
 Druggist. 
 
 E. E. EL AM.— On June 1, 1886, E. E. 
 Elam established himself in the drug 
 and pharmacy business at his present 
 desirable location on Noble street. The 
 store comprises two stories, is brick, and 
 is admirably arranged for a tine display 
 of the stock. Here may be found a large 
 and complete assortment of pure and 
 fresh drugs and chemicals, fancy and 
 toilet articles, paints, oils, window glass 
 and druggists' sundries of all kinds, 
 which are guaranteed to be of the best 
 quality, and are to be bought at fair 
 prices. 
 
 Mr. Elam is thoroughly skilled in the 
 accurate and careful compounding of 
 physicians' j^rescriptions and family re- 
 cipes, giving his personal supervision to 
 the duties of this department. 
 
 This enterprising gentleman is a native 
 of Murfreesboro, Tennessee. He is a mem- 
 ber of the College Fraternity — " Kappa 
 Alpha." Since starting business he has 
 met with unquestioned success, which 
 he thoroughly deserves, being well- 
 known as a man of tine cliaracter and 
 business capacity, and has become iden- 
 tified with the most prominent and re- 
 spected business men. 
 
 Architects. 
 CHISOLM & GREEN, Birmingham 
 and Anniston. — Among the professions 
 there is none more necessary to the 
 growth of a city than architecture. In all 
 countries and at all times it has been a 
 most laudable one, and is regarded with 
 marked favor by the citizens of Annis- 
 ton, who have shown such commendable 
 ambition to secure the erection of beau- 
 tiful and costly buildings. That this is 
 the case is fully demonstrated by the pro- 
 nounced success of Chisolm & Green, 
 both of whom are favorably known. At 
 their office on Noble street, they are pre- 
 pared to furnish plans and specifications 
 for every description of building, includ- 
 ing city and country residences, stores, 
 warehouses, mills, factories, churches, 
 schools, courthouses, jails, etc. Their 
 estimates and computations are correct, 
 and they are careful not to exceed the 
 limit of expense set by the owners. In 
 the superintendence of construction they 
 
 exercise scrupulous care to secure hon- 
 est and skillful work, and have erected 
 some of the most substantial buildings in 
 the North and West. 
 
 B. G. Chisolm is a native of Orange- 
 burg, South Carolina, was educated at 
 Union College, Schenectady, New York, 
 and has practiced his profession in 
 Aspen, Colorado, also Galveston, Texas, 
 and in all these cities has achieved 
 marked success and an enviable reputa- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Lowsdale Green is a native of Cin- 
 cinnati, and a graduate of the Massachu- 
 setts Institute of Technology. He prac- 
 ticed for some time in Cincinnati, and 
 was the designer of the Hamilton County 
 Morgue, the most complete institution of 
 its kind in the world. 
 
 In connection with their business 
 they have charge of the Anniston City 
 Land Company's best work, the City 
 Hall, Public School, Union Depot, Con- 
 stantine Building, those pretty dwellings 
 at the new furnaces. Col. McKleroy's res- 
 idence, and many others. 
 
 Since these gentlemen established 
 their business in Anniston in 1887, they 
 have been remarkably successful, being 
 eminently qualified by education, judg- 
 ment, taste and long experience, to be 
 leaders in their chosen profession, as 
 their works will show. 
 
 Bookseller and Stationer. 
 
 V. S. THOMPSON.— Among the con- 
 spicuous and firmly-established houses 
 which form the basis of tlie commercial 
 wealth and importance of this prosper- 
 ous trade center, should be mentioned 
 that of V. S. Thompson, bookseller and 
 stationer. This house was founded in 
 1886. He has maintained a fine city 
 trade. The premises consist of a two- 
 story brick structure. 
 
 MV. Thompson keeps a large supply of 
 stationery and blank books of every 
 description, as well as school and other 
 books, all that is sold in the house being 
 of fine quality. In addition he has a 
 large printing office, with a $5,000 out- 
 fit, where all kinds of job work, fancy 
 and ornamental printing, are executed in 
 the best style and at lowest prices. 
 
 He was born in Randolph County, 
 Georgia, and is a man of excellent stand- 
 ing, being popular with all with whom 
 he is brought in contact. 
 
 We can assure the readers of this his- 
 tory that they can form business rela- 
 tions with no similar establishment that, 
 can offer a better class of goods. 
 
202 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 -'^^"' ' 
 
 NEW COTTON FACTORY 
 
 Hats and Shoes. 
 
 THE MODEL CITY HAT AND SHOE 
 STORE, Bailey & Ansley, Proprietors.— 
 The hat and shoe establishment of Bailey 
 & Ansley was established in Mareh, 1887. 
 Their store, well known as the "Model 
 City Hat and Shoe .Store," is in that tine 
 four-story brick building — the Constan- 
 tine Block. The Constantine building 
 is the finest in Anniston, being new, and 
 therefore possessing every modern con- 
 venience, having a perfect system of 
 gas and water. The goods handled by 
 Messrs. Bailey & Ansley comprise the 
 productions of the best known manufac- 
 turers in the country, and are warranted 
 to be as represented in every particular 
 and moderate in price. The store is 
 fully stocked with a multifarious assort- 
 ment of machine and hand-sewed boots, 
 shoes, slippers, etc., for men's, women's, 
 misses' and children's wear, besides liats 
 and cai>s of every variety. 
 
 Messrs. Bailey & Ansley are both 
 natives of Cuthbert, lvand(/iph County, 
 Soutliwest Georgia. They are practi- 
 cally experienced business men, and are 
 indefatigable in their efforts to please all 
 classes of patrons, and are fully deserv- 
 ing of the large measure of success whicli 
 they have achieved. 
 
 Bloomary. 
 
 THE ANNISTON BLOOMARY (In- 
 corporated), Manufacturers of Cliarcoal 
 Blooms. — The celebrated Anniston 
 Bloomary was established in 1887, and 
 has met with marked success and an en- 
 larged sphere of usefulness It was 
 duly incorporated with C. C. McCartey 
 as President; M. L. Morrison Vice 
 President; J. L. ]\Iorrison, Jr., Secre- 
 tary, and Asbury Hull Treasurer. The 
 works comprise the best machinery and 
 every equipment necessary for the ex- 
 tensive business. There are live double 
 furnaces and one heating furnace for 
 making iron into bloom sluii)e. This is 
 one of the best equipped and largest 
 bloomaries in the South, their output 
 being from thirty-five to forty tons of 
 blooms per day. Upwards of seventy- 
 five hands are constantly employed in 
 the various departments, and the pro-, 
 duct has obtained proportions of the 
 greate.>-t magn it ude. 
 
 The blooms manufactured here find 
 a ready market in New York and all 
 the Eastern States as well as through- 
 out the South. They make a specialty 
 of blooms for boiler plates. In a 
 short time this company lias achieved 
 a wide reputation for the superior quality 
 
Anniston. 
 
 203 
 
 of its work. Mr. C. C. McCartey is a na- 
 tive of New York, was formerly engaged 
 in the iron business in Pennsylvania, but 
 previous to coming to Anniston he was 
 in the drug business in Knoxville, Ten- 
 nessee. He is a gentleman of tine exec- 
 utive ability, and his long and val- 
 uable experience is of sufficient war- 
 ranty for the great success and ra])id 
 ■expanse of this industry. 
 
 ^lessrs. M. 1j. and J. L. Morrison are 
 both natives of Tennessee. They have 
 had extended business experience, and 
 are eminently fitted for the position they 
 hold in tiiis coni|)any. 
 
 Mr. Asbury Hull is a native of Savan- 
 nah, Georgia. He is a gentleman of tine 
 business qualifications, and looked upon 
 in iinancial circles as eminently trust- 
 ■wortliy. The officers of this company 
 may well be proud of the able and en- 
 teri)rising policj' which has achieved 
 such a solid success, and as in the past, 
 so in the future, will be found in the van 
 as regards excellence and ailaptability of 
 product to purposes required. 
 
 Dentistry. 
 
 BROWN & YOUNG, Dentists, over 
 Wikle's Drug Store.— The humanizing 
 influences of Ghristianity are shown in 
 .a more marketl degree in the medical 
 .and surgical service than in any other 
 way. Take, for instance, the practice of 
 ■dentistry. The wonderful studies that 
 have led the practitioner from the bar- 
 barous pinchers of olden times to the 
 delicate instruments which in these days 
 make the pain of teeth extraction the ex- 
 •ce])tion rather than the rule, cover a world 
 of imiirovements. Anniston has reason 
 to be proud of her representatives of this 
 profession. Tlie subjects of the present 
 ^sketch, Messrs. H. ¥. Brown and K. C. 
 Young, stand at the head in the profes- 
 sion of dentistry. They liave always 
 been careful students, and the result is 
 seen in the skilled and perfect work i)er- 
 formed by them in the various depart- 
 ments of denistry. They also deal in 
 dental supplies of every description, and 
 their office and dental rooms, above 
 AVikle's drug store, are well appointed 
 and fitted up with all the conveniences 
 necessary to the business. The instru- 
 ments, artificial teeth, and appliances 
 kept on baud, are the productions of the 
 most celebrated manufacturers in the 
 ■country. 
 
 Dr. W. F. Brown is a native of Marion 
 County South Carolina. He is a gradu- 
 •ate of the Baltimore College of Dental 
 
 Surgery. Dr. "R. C. Young is a native of 
 Kershaw County, South Carolina, and 
 is a graduate of the Philadeli)hia College 
 of Dental Sujgery, having graduated in 
 the class of 1876. During the years of 
 general practice these gentlemen have 
 secured a large and permanent patron- 
 age. The work of the firm is always sat- 
 isfactory, as they are ]ierfectly convers- 
 ant with every detail of their profession 
 and practically experienced. 
 
 Foundry. 
 
 ANNISTON FOUNDRY, Arcliitec- 
 tural Iron Work, Engine, Furnace and 
 Car Castings, General Machineiy Work, 
 Grates, Sash Weights, Etc. Patterns 
 Made to Order. — Tliese Avorks were es- 
 tablished here in 1883, moving that year 
 from Cartersville, Georgia. Since then 
 the business lias increased in a steady 
 way, and noAV tifty to sixty hands are 
 employed. Mr. H. Steven.son is the suc- 
 cessor to Messrs. Murray & Stevenson. 
 The foundry uses ten tons of iron per 
 day, using mostly the celebrated Wood- 
 stock product. They make all kinds of 
 architectural iron work, engine, furnace 
 and car-castings, general machinery 
 work, grates, sash weights, etc. Pat- 
 terns are made to order. The output 
 jter annum is 75,000 tons of finished iron. 
 A tine line of stationary engines is made 
 in sizes from 15 to 50-horse power. The 
 foundry receives the greatest number of 
 orders from all sections, and make small 
 and large castings. They furnish castings, 
 blast-i)ipes, and all other necessaries for 
 manufacturers. 
 
 Mr. Stevenson is a native of Scotland. 
 He is a gentleman well known in this 
 region for his fine character, and stands 
 well in the community. His enter- 
 l)rise is a credit to him, and he should 
 continue to receive the full patronage 
 that he so fully deserves. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 ANNISTON TAVP:RN, W.T. Edmond- 
 son, Proprietor. — This is a pleasantly lo- 
 cated and attractive hotel, and its good 
 name has extended throughout the State. 
 It is conveniently located half block 
 from the East Tennessee, Vii'ginia & 
 Georgia Depot, and is a modern, sub- 
 stantial brick structure, four stories in 
 height. The bedrooms, sixty in numb er, 
 are hu-ge, airy and neatly furnished, a nd 
 all the appointments of the Tavern are 
 first-class. Special attention is give n to 
 traveling men and their every want sup- 
 
204 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 plied. The tablets are bountifully fur- 
 nished with every delicacy and substan- 
 tial the market atibrds, and the attend- 
 ance is courteous and obliging. The 
 seating capacity of the large diningrootn is 
 fromseventy-tive to one hundred and fifty 
 guests. The hotel was originally known 
 as the Parker House, and was estab- 
 lished in 1H,S4. In January of the pres- 
 ent year iNIr. \V. T. l'>dinondson bought 
 the property and changed tlie name to 
 the Anniston Tavern. He iias raised 
 the standard and added to an already 
 good reputation since assuming the pro- 
 prietorship. Mr. Edmondson was form- 
 erly a New York traveling salesman, 
 representing the great safe house of 
 Aaron Clatiin & Co. of that city. He is 
 a Georgian, a native of Oglethorpe 
 County, and has resided in this State 
 twelve years. In that i)eriod, however, 
 he has demonstrated his ability as a 
 landlord and capable business man. He 
 possesses all the characteristics which 
 make up the successful and popular 
 host, and has rendered the Tavern a 
 most desirable, comfortable and home- 
 like hostelry. 
 
 Painting, Etc. 
 
 DONAHUE & SNELLING.— The busi- 
 ness of the painter and wall paper-hanger 
 is one requiring skilhuul good judgment, 
 and in this city there is probal)ly no one 
 better known, or better qualified and 
 capable of doing all kinds of house and 
 sign painting, ornamental painting of all 
 kinds, graining, gilding, kalsomining and 
 hard wood finishing, pa})er hanging, etc., 
 than the firm of Donahue & .Snelling. 
 They have been established since 1887. 
 The firm is admiral)ly located on Elev- 
 enth street, near Noble, in a substantial 
 brick building. They carry a large stock 
 of painters' supplies, and everything to 
 be desired in this line. Messrs. Donaliue 
 & Snelling furnish estimates for city and 
 country work, and the work executed is 
 guaranteed to be thoroughly standard in 
 every particular. Several experienced 
 hands are employed who attend to paint- 
 ing, and also to all styles of interior 
 dec;oration and ornamental painting. 
 This firm has enjoyed an enviable repu- 
 tation for unexcelled and skillful work 
 in the various branclu's of their enter- 
 prise, and all labor is performed at reason- 
 able charges and in a prompt and pains- 
 taking manner. 
 
 Mr. Donaliue is a native of Savannah, 
 Georgia. He is a man of wide and com- 
 prehensive knowledge of his l)usiness, 
 
 having been engaged in it twelve year.s.„ 
 ]\Ir. Snelling is a native of Augusta,.. 
 (ieorgia. He is a nunnber in high stand- 
 ing of the Knights of I^abor. l:5otlt 
 members of the firm well deserve the- 
 success thev have attained. 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, Etc. 
 
 GEO. r. & E. H. SIMPSOX.— The- 
 dry goods and general furnishing gootl.s 
 business has a good representative in the- 
 iiouse of Geo. P. tt E. H. Sinq)son. They 
 have conducted their enterprise at 
 the above place, having develoi)ed sub- 
 stantial patronage. The store consists of 
 of a brick structure, two stories. Every 
 convenience is supplied for the comfort 
 of patrons, and the stock of merchan- 
 dise handled, having been selected witli 
 care, cannot fail to give satisfaction. 
 This linn deals in dry goods, notions,, 
 nullinery, carpets, rugs, hats, shoes, etc. 
 They guarantee everything handled to- 
 be as rei)resented and purchasable at the- 
 lowest prices. 
 
 Both gentlemen are natives of Georgia. 
 They are ])usiness men of tact, judgment 
 and enteri)rise. 
 
 Clothing, Etc. 
 
 ULLISIAN BROS.— A popular business- 
 firm is the UUman Bros., dealers irt 
 clothing, dry goods, millinery, shoes,, 
 hats, and carpets. The house was 
 established under the present man- 
 agers in 1884. The store is conceded, by 
 general con.sent, to be one of the largest 
 in the city, being 90 feet square and two- 
 stories high. In the salesroom is shown 
 to the best advantage one of the finest 
 assortment of goods to be seen in An- 
 niston. A corps of experienced clerks 
 is employed in the several departments, 
 and the nullinery work turned out is the 
 most stylish made. The New York 
 ottice of this firm is a\ Nos. 657 and 659 
 Broadway, while they have a branch 
 house at Talladega, Alabama, where they 
 have a large trade. The gentlemen com- 
 posing this firm are three brothers. 
 
 Mr. L. Ullnian, senior, is a native of 
 South Europe. He has been engaged in 
 l)usiness with his two brothers for 
 eighteen years. 
 
 Mr. S. Ullman is a director of the Bank, 
 of Anniston. 
 
 Mr. S. Ullman, junior, attends to the- 
 Talladega house, while his brother, L. 
 Ullman, senior, sui>erintends the Annis- 
 ton house. 
 
Anniston. 
 
 205 
 
 Diy Goods, Etc. 
 
 JOHN W. COLEMAN has been en- 
 gaged in the dry goods business in this 
 city since 1883, and has gained for him- 
 self an enviable reputation throughout 
 the county, on account of his honesty 
 and fair dealings with the people. At 
 this popular place of business there 
 can be found everj'thing that is calcu- 
 lated to suit the tastes of people in gen- 
 eral and at prices that cannot be obtained 
 at any other establishment of the kind 
 in the South. 
 
 Mr. Coleman was born in Pickens 
 County, Alabama, and represents the true 
 type of the genial Southern gentleman. 
 He will take pleasure in showing people 
 his goods and feels satisfied that after 
 examination they will be convinced that 
 it is to tlieir interest to purchase some- 
 thing in his line. One need not go 
 farther than this jslace to supply them- 
 selves with the best quality of hats, 
 boots, shoes, fancy goods and groceries, 
 tobacco and cigars of every description. 
 His place of business, on Tenth street, is 
 conducted in a handsome brick building 
 and affords ever\' facility for a speedy 
 conduct of his business. 
 
 Fire Bricb and Clay. 
 
 CHARLES TAYLOR & SONS, Manu- 
 facturers of In-wall Hearths andjBoshes 
 for Blast Furnaces, Etc. — The growth 
 and development of all cities is largely 
 due to the complete development of all 
 its resources. Aimiston, one of the most 
 promising cities of the State, must indis- 
 putably take rank as one of the centers 
 of trade and manufacture, located as 
 she so favorably is in a rich belt of 
 country and with railroads radiating to 
 all parts of the State. It is only by re- 
 viewing each individual enterprise that 
 a just conception of the various classes 
 of manufacturing can be properly re- 
 alized. The Anniston Fire Brick and 
 Clay Manufacturing Co., established here 
 in 1887 by Chas. Taylor & Sons, has suc- 
 ceeded. Mr. Taylor transplanted his 
 brick plant from Cincinnati, and he now 
 turns out per month no less than 300,- 
 000 of the finest fire bricks. This enter- 
 prising firm manufactures everything in- 
 cluded in fire brick suitable for iron 
 works and general purposes. They man- 
 ufacture in-wall hearths and boshes for 
 blast furnaces, fire brick for hot blasts 
 and rolling mills. Tiles of all shapes 
 they make to order, finely ground lire 
 clay being a specialty. Chas. Taylor & 
 
 Sons own three factories — one at Annis- 
 ton, another at Cincinnati and a third at 
 New Cumberland, West Virginia. The 
 capacity is from 40,000 to 50,000 per day. 
 They own six acres of groiind, the clay 
 being of the finest quality. The works- 
 are eligibly located on the A. & C. Rail- 
 road, and seventy-five to one hundred 
 and fifty men are employed. Two 
 switches from the .\. &. C Railroad have 
 been constructed into the yards, thus 
 giving every facility for shipping. 
 
 Mr. Charles Taylor is a native of Lin- 
 colnshire, England, moving to the United 
 States in 1851. He ran the brick business 
 chiefly in Cinciimati for thirty years. 
 He has three sons in the firm, two of 
 these living at Cincinnati, whilst Mr. 
 Wm. B. Taylor is the able superintend- 
 ent of the Anniston works. Readers of 
 tliis review will find Chas. Taylor & Sons 
 most pleasant and liberal men with 
 whom to deal. 
 
 Racquet Store. 
 
 LIVE RACQUET STORE, C. Rund^ 
 
 Proprietor. — This house, known as the 
 " Live Racquet Store," established in 
 1886, has become quite popular, as it 
 takes special pains in purchasing for 
 cash, so as to sell goods at popular prices. 
 It is conveniently located on the corner 
 of Noble and Ninth .streets, in a con- 
 spicuous brick building of three stories. 
 A stock of goods of all kinds is carried, and 
 anything one wants in any line is to be 
 obtained at this well-stocked store. 
 Among the great variety we make special 
 mention of fine specimens of picture 
 frames, chromos in oil, glassware, lamps,, 
 brackets, toilet sets, vases, with a very 
 large and finely selected stock of triple- 
 plated silverware. In fact, the variety 
 includes everything useful and orna- 
 mental, in all of which there is a bargain 
 for the buyer. 
 
 Mr. C. Rund, the enterprising owner 
 of the house, is a native of North Car- 
 olina, and is a member of the Knights 
 of Pythias and the Order of Red Men, 
 as well as being a Mason and Odd Fel- 
 low. We commend the readers of this 
 history to visit and see the variety of 
 goods carried at this establishment. 
 
 Fancy Groceries. 
 
 J. B. INGRAM & CO.— Among the 
 recent new mercantile enterprises in 
 Anniston we mention with a special de- 
 gree of pleasure the firm of J. B. Ingram 
 & Co., dealers in staple and fancy gro- 
 
206 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 ceries, cigars, tobacco, etc. This firm oc- 
 cupies a storeroom on Tenth street, in 
 the new Constantine building;. It is ad- 
 mirably fitti^d up, and is in the business 
 center. IIousekeei)ers can here find a 
 full and complete stock of groceries, and 
 everything with which to supply their 
 tables, and at prices that will defy com- 
 petition. They keep none but the best, 
 and all goods are delivered free of charge. 
 In addition to the usual stock of gro- 
 ceries they also keep many extra table 
 delicacies not usually found in similar 
 grocery estaldisiiments. They spare no 
 ett'ort or pains to please their customers, 
 and have met with an unusual degree of 
 success in their undertaking. The firm 
 was established in January of the pres- 
 ent year, and is composed of J. B. Ingram, 
 D. C. Cooper and A. B. Ingram. These 
 gentlemen are all natives of Calhoun 
 County, and are well and favoi-ably 
 known to this entire community They 
 are energetic, capable, and thoroughly 
 understand their i)usiness, and pos.sess 
 the confidence and the good will of the 
 people of Anniston. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 STANTON BROS.— Of late years there 
 has been prolialjly no greater advance 
 made in any line of merchandise than in 
 the manufacture and sale of furniture. 
 Furniture of to-day is far more durable, as 
 well as ornamental, than it was in the 
 time of our fathers, and the prices now 
 compared with tiie prices then, are far 
 less for the same class of goods. At the 
 storeroom of Messrs. Stanton Bros, may 
 be found one of the largest, most attrac- 
 tive and comi)lete assortment of furni- 
 ture in the city, embracing all grades 
 from the finest to the cheapest. Here 
 may be found suits of furniture appro- 
 priate for a mansion, or suits less expen- 
 sive that would be in keeping with the 
 humbler home of the working man. They 
 occupy an eligible location in the Mobile 
 Block, on the corner of Noble and Ninth 
 streets. In the rear is a good two- 
 story warehouse, in which is carried 
 their surplus stock. The Messrs. Stan- 
 ton Bros, invite an inspection of their 
 goods, and customers will find that their 
 prices will compare with those of metro- 
 pohtan merchants. The individual mem- 
 bers of tlie firm are Messrs. E. 0. and D. 
 D. Stanton, natives of Georgia, but re- 
 cently from South Carolina. They were 
 in business in the latter State for eight 
 years, and in the city of Atlanta for a 
 considerable period. Their present busi- 
 
 ness was established here in March, 
 1888, and since that time have built up a 
 flourishing trade. They are deserving, 
 efticient and reliable young men, and we 
 bespeak for them a liberal share of the 
 public patronage. 
 
 Hardware. 
 
 ALF. TRUITT & CO.— The hardware 
 trade is one of the most important fac- 
 tors of metropolitan commerce, giving 
 employment to large capital and much 
 talented business ability. A representa- 
 tive house in this respect is Alf.Truitt & 
 Co., wholesale and retail dealers in hard- 
 ware. This house was established Sep- 
 tember ]0, 1887. The store, a two story 
 brick structure, is systematically and 
 conveniently arranged, and the well- 
 selected stock is advantageously dis- 
 played. This house makes a specialty 
 of builders' material, and keeps on hand 
 belting, manilla rope and packing for 
 steam engines, materials for wagons and 
 the latest improved tools. Salesmen are 
 kept busy looking after the outside trade, 
 the general business being prosperous. 
 
 Mr. A If Truitt is a native of Georgia. 
 Those associated with him are men of 
 fine character, i:)rompt and energetic. 
 Well known and respected by all, 
 possessing extensive business connec- 
 tions and reiialile, there is no better firm 
 with which to establish business relations 
 than A If. Truitt & Co. 
 
 Printing. 
 
 G. H. NORWOOD.-The printing 
 trade is ably represented in this city by 
 G. H. Norwood, whose well-ordered 
 premises are equipi)ed with all the latest 
 improved printing material and ap- 
 pliances. His office is centrally located 
 on Noble street, in Mobile Block. 
 
 Mr. Norwood, who established himself 
 in this city in 1884, is th(ir(jughly ac- 
 quainted with all the details of the print- 
 ing l)usiness, having been engaged in it 
 for nine years. He does all kinds of 
 commercial printing. He is from Geor- 
 gia. His business from its first has had 
 a substantial and prosperous growth. 
 The work he turns out, which comprises 
 everything in the line of commercial 
 printing, has a standard reputation for 
 artistic and mechanical excellence, he 
 being an experienced and capable ex})0- 
 nent of his trade. By able and pojjular 
 management he has built up a large and 
 fast increasing business, and obtained a 
 leading position in his field of industry 
 in this section. 
 
Anniston. 
 
 207 
 
 Tailoring. 
 WM. F. HANDLF.Y & CO.-The city 
 of Anniston possesses a complete and 
 meritorious tailoring establishment in 
 that of Wm. F. Handley & Co. Ihis 
 £rm began business here early the pres- 
 ent year (18SS), and have received Hberal 
 and substantial patronage from the public. 
 No man no\v-a-davs, wiio wishes to ap- 
 pear well dressed, and also to practice 
 true economy, thinks of buying his 
 clothes readv-made. Keady-madeclotli- 
 ingis the dearest at last. 3Iessrs. Hand- 
 ley & Co. are practical cutters and dra- 
 pers, artistic tailors, and guarantee a 
 perfect tit. They keep in stock a fine 
 line of foreign and domestic cassimeres, 
 woolens, diagonals, worsteds, etc., which 
 are made to order in the latest styles 
 They receive orders from a distance, and 
 send goods by express C. O. D. The 
 firm solicits correspondence, and will 
 quote prices and send samples on ap- 
 plication. 
 
 Mr. W. F. Handley is a native of 
 Georgia, and is a man in whom the peo- 
 ple have long since trusted. He has 
 been in this business line five years. He 
 is popular, and deserves the success he 
 has achieved. 
 
 jNIr. W. H. Langley is from Pennsyl- 
 vania, and a recent resident of Anniston. 
 The cutter has liad thirty years ex- 
 perience. Their rooms are on the first 
 floor of the Ely buildhig, Noble street. 
 Their postoftice box is 312. 
 
 Having a good outside income in addi- 
 tion to their now prosperous business 
 they may well look forward to a very 
 bright future. 
 
 Photographers. 
 ETJSSELL BROS.-This well know^n firm 
 have been among the most successful 
 business men in tlie South. After con- 
 siderable experience, education and 
 travel in the interest of tlieir profession 
 they came from their native home m 
 East Tennessee to Oxanna, Alabama, 
 where they established a very enviable 
 reputation'^as superior artists in photog- 
 raphv. 
 
 They removed from Oxanna to A.nnis- 
 ton (only one mile) January 1, 188S, 
 where they are reaping the benefits of 
 their w^ell-earned reputation, and have 
 no trouble to control the entire trade of 
 the surrounding country for miles 
 around, besides having an extensive 
 transient patronage, making everything 
 from very small pliotos to life-size cray- 
 ons, pastel, ink and water-color portraits. 
 They have also been dealing somewhat 
 in real estate, and have made comforta- 
 ble fortunes for themselves in that line 
 alone. 
 
 Dry Goods, Groceries and Country Produce. 
 T. M. RAMSEY & CO.— Among the 
 prominent and intelligent business houses 
 in this enterprising city will be lound 
 i that of Messrs. Kamsey & Co., dealers m 
 dry goods, groceries and <'ountry pro- 
 duce." The business was established in 
 188(5, and subsequent to that time has 
 enjoyed a large and permanent patron- 
 age. The premises occupied are well 
 arranged, being fitted up in the most 
 attractive manner. The .stock of mer- 
 chandi.se carried is large, embracing a 
 full and complete assortment of staple 
 and fancy groceries and country produce 
 in season. In another department is 
 displayed a full and carefully selected 
 assortment of dry goods, including dress 
 fabrics of the latest fashionable designs, 
 white goods, notions, etc , all of which 
 are purchasable at the lowest market 
 prices. 
 
 The identical members of the firm are 
 Messrs. J. W., R. C. and William Ram- 
 sey, the latter being the father of J. VV. 
 and R C. Ramsey. They are active, 
 energetic business men, who have 
 achieved by merit the highest position 
 for mercantile integrity and intelligence, 
 and are worthy representatives of the 
 commercial interests of Oxford. They 
 are native Georgians. 
 
 Their store is located at Oxford, Ala- 
 bama. 
 
 Jewelry. 
 
 ABE B. FRY.— This store is in the 
 Clark Building, on Noble street. It was 
 founded in March, 1887. Abe B. Fry 
 since in Anniston has met with 
 success. His store is centrally located, 
 being in Noble street. It con- 
 tains a complete assortment of beauti- 
 ful wares, including gold and silver 
 watches, clocks, novelties in jewelry, 
 silverware, diamonds, etc. He makes a 
 specialty of musical instruments, and 
 keeps the finest of pianos and organs, 
 and is agent for Everett and Knabe 
 pianos. His stock has been selected 
 with utmost care and is to be bought at 
 the lowest prices consistent with fair 
 dealing. 
 
 Mr. Fry is a native of ISew \ork,ancl 
 a member of the Knights of Pythias. 
 He has enjoved a liberal share of iavor 
 
208 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 ANNISTON MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S MILLS. 
 
 and patronage, and employs several 
 skilled assistants, and all orders for re- 
 pairing of every description are promptly 
 executed at reasonable prices. 
 
 Manufacturing. 
 
 ANNISTON MANUFACTURING 
 COMPANY.— The advantages of Annis- 
 ton for turning out cotton goods requires 
 no extended notice. The manufacture of 
 cotton goods in the Anniston ^lanufact- 
 uring Company's mill is one of the most 
 prominent features of the city's indus- 
 tries. 
 
 This Company, established in 1880, 
 conducts its business so thoroughly and 
 on such a scale of magnitude as bids 
 fair to establish Anniston as one of the 
 chief localities of the industry in the 
 State. The successful operations of the 
 Anniston Manufacturing Company, and, 
 indeed, of all mills now established in 
 the South, prove beyond a question of 
 doubt that this great industry is destined 
 to be virtually transplanted from the 
 bleak granite hills of New England to the 
 more genial cotton patches of the South. 
 Common sense and self-interest demand 
 it, and progressiveness, enterprise and 
 pluck — such as the able officers of this 
 
 Company have shown — will accomplish 
 it. The line brick structure belonging to- 
 this Company, where the manufactur- 
 ing is done, is the finest of its kind and 
 most conspicuous in Anniston, being- 
 four stories, and having two extensive 
 wings. More than 300 hands are em- 
 ployed, and thirty per cent, of what is 
 manufactured is exported to China. The- 
 specialties of this Company are sheetings, 
 shirting and drilling. There are 820' 
 looms in the factory, and 11,568 spindles. 
 
 Mr. Alfred L. Tyler, a native of Con- 
 necticut, is President. This gentlemaa 
 is also well known as President of the cel- 
 ebrated Woodstock Iron Company. He, 
 together with Mr. Samuel Noble, has. 
 been the main support of Anniston since 
 its earliest days. He is, without doubt,, 
 one of the most public-spirited and lib- 
 eral-minded men to be found in the 
 State. He is interested in all that pro- 
 motes the welfare of Anniston, no enter- 
 prise being considered well under way 
 without his approval. 
 
 Mr. James B. Goodwin, the Treasurer 
 of the Company, is a native of Selma, 
 Alabama. He is a member of the Knights 
 of Honor. He is eminently suited to 
 his position, having been during the 
 greater part of his life in the cotton busi- 
 ness. 
 
Anniston. 
 
 209 
 
 Druggist. 
 
 J. L. WIKLE. — Anniston is a beauti- 
 ful and rapidly growing city, and those 
 who engage in business here must also 
 
 be wide-awake and progressive in order to 
 keep pace with her rapid growth and 
 advancement. 
 
 J. L. Wikle will always be found 
 among the leaders in any enterprise that 
 may come before the people of this com- 
 munity. He has been engaged in the 
 drug trade in this city since 1880, and 
 has gained an enviable reputation among 
 his patrons and friends, on account of his 
 marked attention to business, strict in- 
 tegrity and fair dealing. 
 
 Mr. Wikle is a 2i*aduate of medicine, 
 and thoroughly skilled in the accurate 
 and careful compounding of physicians' 
 prescriptions and family recipes, and 
 gives his personal supervision to this de- 
 partment. 
 
 The store is an admirably arranged 
 apartment. It contains every facility and 
 convenience. Here may be found a large 
 and complete assortment .of pure and 
 fresh drugs, chemicals, reputable pro- 
 prietary medicines, fancy and toilet 
 articles, stationery and druggists' sun- 
 dries of all kinds, which are guaranteed 
 to be of the very best quality, and are 
 purchasable at fair prices. 
 
 Mr. Wikle is a native of Georgia, and 
 has long been engaged in the drug busi- 
 
-y^ 
 
H(JNT5VILLE. 
 
 THE old and the new — Nature and Art — Nature, in all of its fasci- 
 nating beauty, richness, versatility, salubriousness of climate and 
 fertility of soil, with a wealth of varied resources unequaled— such 
 is Huntsville. 
 
 When the painter's brush shall be able to transfer to canvas the 
 gorgeous splendors of a golden sunset, the pen will be able to 
 describe Nature ; and not until then can anything be written that 
 will fully describe Huntsville and its surroundings. They must be 
 seen to know them and to appreciate their numerous elements of 
 attraction. 
 
 An accomplished writer, and an intelligent lover of the beautiful in 
 Nature, has very correctly written : 
 
 " If he who uttered the sentiment, ' See Naples and die,' could have stood 
 on Monte Sano, and from thence have looked down upon this fair city, 
 niethinks he would have exclaimed instead: ' See Huntsville from the moun- 
 tain and die ; ' for surely, in all this lovely Southland there is no lovelier pros- 
 pect. The approach to the mountain is in strict keeping with the scene, 
 being over a well-graded road some four miles long, bordered on either 
 side with cedars, and affording a continuous feast to the eye. Up and up we 
 go, but the ascent is so gradual we scarcely realize we are ascending, until the 
 top — an almost level plateau — is reached. Here we pause and drink in the 
 inimitable picture. In the valley below nestles the city, white as the robe of 
 a bride, and wearing her cincture of mountains right proudly ; for, like Annis- 
 ton, she is mountain-engirdled. And these mountains ! They remind one of 
 billows, rising as they do, peak upon peak, hill upon hill, knoll upon knoll, on 
 every hand. Now, clothe mountain and hill and knoll with fur-like verdure, 
 fling a vail of the softest blue over the face of each, and you have some faint 
 conception of the glorious scene. It is said that from the tower of the hotel th& 
 vision can take in a stretch of country of not less than forty miles square ; 
 and from ocular demonstration I am inclined to think the assertion a truthful 
 one." 
 
 Huntsville derived its name from John Hunt. 
 
 In 1798 Mississippi Territory was created by an act of Congress, and in 
 1802 Georgia ceded her claims to the United States. The warlike Cherokee 
 and Chickasaw Indians owned the land in the region of the Tennessee River ;^ 
 and four years before the first government land sale, twelve before Mississippi 
 
212 North Alabama. 
 
 Territory was divided, and fourteen before Alabama became a State, the pio- 
 neer Hunt came from Tennessee and built his solitary log cabin at the great 
 spring that pours its rushing waters from the caverns of the Cumberland 
 Mountain spur. Out of a body of land ceded by these Indian tribes the Gov- 
 ernor of the Territory, Robert Williams, in 1808, by proclamation, created 
 Madison County. Here was made the first survey of lands in the Territory 
 and the first public sale occurred in August, 1809, at the Land Office in 
 Nashville. 
 
 The early history of Huntsville is, for the same period, the history of Ala- 
 bama. It is the oldest English-settled town in the State, and the county seat 
 of the oldest county — Madison. The settlement and agricultural development 
 of this magnificent domain were phenomenally rapid, and constitute a unique 
 chapter in the annals of the United States. Situated in the undulating table- 
 land between the State line and the Great Bend of the Tennessee River, where 
 it breaks through the Cumberland Chain at Guntersville and turns northwest, 
 Huntsville rests at the foot of Monte Sano. It is the heart of the most health- 
 ful, pleasant and attractive canton in the Union. AVith long ranges visible in 
 the distance and rounded spurs here and there on the broad plateati, the town 
 stands at the head of a beautiful and fertile valley, which spreads southward 
 ten miles to the river. West and north there is a semi-circle of fields and for- 
 ests, with farm houses, herds of cattle and stock, grain and grass crops, clover 
 and blue-grass, corn and cotton in their season, which deprive the scene of 
 savagery, and give life and coloring and the beauty of civilization to the 
 exquisite panorama. On the east of Monte Sano the outlook is varied — wild- 
 wood and mountain ridges tower without a vestige of human imprint or 
 occupation. 
 
 Huntsville is known in romance and song, and is historic in the annals of 
 the State. In 1803 the territory between the Chattahoochee and Mississippi 
 Rivers was ceded to the United States Government by the State of Georgia, 
 with the JefTerson Proviso, that every sixteenth section of land should be 
 devoted to education. About seventy years ago one-half of this territory was 
 organized for admission into the Union as the State of Alabama. Huntsville 
 is where this was done, being the State Capital in 1819, when the convention 
 met here to form the first State Constitution. 
 
 The lot on which the building stood in which the convention was held 
 has recently been purchased by the United States Government for the erection 
 of a public building, for which it has appropriated $ 100,000. It will be a very- 
 handsome structure, three stories high, with attic and basement, built of brick, 
 relieved with molded brick terra cotta jjanels in the renaissance. The size 
 will be 50x125 feet, and will furnish accommodations for the postoflice, court- 
 room and internal revenue. 
 
 From the day of its foundation to the present, the sons of Huntsville have 
 been prominent in the councils of the State and Nation, as Congressmen and 
 Senators, and in occupying the Chief Executive Chair of the State more fre- 
 quently than those of any other city or county within its borders. 
 
 The old-style architectural mansions and large yards, with immense shade 
 trees and abundance of flowers, are ante-bellum landmarks, showing that here 
 were the homes of an educated, cultured, hospitable and wealthy people. It 
 was the home of extensive cotton and sugar planters, who owned and culti- 
 vated large plantations from Southern Georgia to Arkansas and Texas. They 
 

 15 
 
214 North Alabama. 
 
 brought their snrphis profits, which were immense, to Huntsville, and spent 
 them in huiUhug and beautifying an ideal city for residence: comfortable 
 homes, splendid schools, elegant churches, excellent streets, lined with choice 
 shade trees, from whose boughs the mockingbird and other songsters make 
 musical the air the year round. Spring, summer and autumn the atmosphere 
 here is laden with the sweet perfume of almost every variety of flowers, for 
 every yard is a flower garden. What a place for a home ! No wonder these 
 wealthy planters made this an abiding place for themselves and their families. 
 
 L 
 
 OCATION 
 
 Huntsville is a city of 8,000 population, that is daily growing from the 
 accession of an excellent class of people, attracted from the North, Souths 
 East and West. It is a city, in its natural location, unequaled in the pictur- 
 esqueness of its beauty and the ever-inviting charm possessed by its surround- 
 ing scenery, j^resenting views of mountain and vale that never grow old, and 
 on which the eye never tires to gaze, but with each look finds new beauties ta 
 delight and give fresh inspiration. 
 
 Always a place of more than ordinary intelligence and social refinement, 
 there is no city in the South more attractive and desirable as a home. Its- 
 citizenship is enterprising, liberal in vie\ys, and hospitable, social and genial 
 in their nature. Its health, climate, water, pure, bracing atmosphere, cultured 
 society, schools and churches, are not surpassed by any point in this country. 
 It is the county seat of Madison County, which lies at the head of the famed 
 Tennessee Valley, and is about centrally located in the county. It is 98 miles- 
 from Chattanooga, 213 miles from Memphis, and 135 miles south of Nashville, 
 and 100 miles north of Birmingham. It is 10 miles from the Tennessee River, 
 a splendid pike connecting them, the intervening country being very beautiful 
 in scenery and exceedingly fertile in its productiveness. 
 
 Three thousand square- miles of Alabama territory are north of the Ten- 
 nessee River, and in this magnificent region Huntsville occupies a central and 
 prominent position. It is twenty-five miles south of the Tennessee State line. 
 Nature secured for it ample and admirable drainage. Its high elevation, being- 
 640 feet above sea-level, and its distance from the river give it absolute security 
 from night fogs and the miasma of still-water lakes. The air is pure, sweet 
 and light. Its streets were macadamized over fifty years ago, and turnpikes- 
 run out north, east, west, and to the river south. 
 
 H 
 
 EALTH OF HUNTSVILLE 
 
 Situated as Huntsville is, its health must, indeed, be remarkable. In fact, 
 statistics place it first to any city in the South. The death rate in the city for 
 the year 1887, as shown by the report of Dr. M. C. Baldridge, Health Oflicer, 
 ■was, for white population, only 10.91 per 1,000. 
 
 Yellow fever, the great scourge of Southern cities, has been introduced 
 into Huntsville three times during the past twenty years, but has never 
 
216 North Alabama. 
 
 afflicted our people. One case, in 1S73, from ^lemphis ; twenty-five or thirty 
 cases from Memphis, Brownsville, Grand Junction, Tuscumbia and Decatur, 
 were received here as refugees in 1S7S, and taken care of in seventeen difierent 
 localities, besides two corpses were brought here and buried from, the Baptist 
 and Methodist Churches — large congregations attending each funeral. Yet no 
 case occurred among our citizens. Again, in 1879. a lady refugee from 
 Memphis sickened and died at the Huntsville Hotel, which was then crowded 
 with boarders, and no one was affected by it. 
 
 From the published reports of the American Health Association for the 
 years 1877-78, held at Richmond, Virginia, we quote from Dr. D. C. Holliday, 
 a leading physician of New Orleans, in speaking of yellow fever : 
 
 " I have just learned of a similar instance of. exemption without any 
 quarantine, or attempt at it, during the year — Huntsville, Alabama, a place of 
 about five thousand inhabitants, where no yellow fever has occurred, notwith- 
 standing the introduction of twenty or thirty cases, and their receiving whole 
 families of refugees, with furniture, etc., etc. 
 
 " ]My informant gives as his reason, in explanation of this paradox, the fact 
 that in 1S73 Huntsville was the seat of epidemic cholera. After the disap>- 
 pearance of this pestilence a conference of the health otficers was called, and 
 an improved system of drainage at their instigation was adopted, and a 
 general improvement in hygienic measures inaugurated, which are still 
 adhered to." 
 
 On this occasion Dr. J. J. Dement, then Health Olficer for Huntsville, 
 said on this subject of yellow fever : 
 
 " You have heard from the papers and speeches of the gentlemen present 
 something about yellow fever almost everywhere it has prevailed, except from 
 my little town of Huntsville, Alabama. Probably it would be well for me to 
 give you a short account of the yellow fever in that little town. My friend. 
 Dr. Holliday, alludeu to i' in hio ]\iper. On the 27th of August the first case 
 was introduced into the place, in the person of a r->fi:cee from Memphis. She 
 arrived at 11 o'clock ait night and went to a boarding-house in the filthiest 
 portion of the town. I saw her with the black vomit on the 2Sth, and she 
 died on the 29th. The people of our town, like all towns where yellow 
 fever was introduced, became panic-stricken, but none left the city. The 
 victim was buried. The bedding was burned and coal tar was burned around 
 the premises. Carbolic acid was also freely used. The house was deserted by 
 its inmates. Xo one was allowed to occupy it for three weeks. About three 
 days afterward a second case developed in the person of a nice young man — 
 another refugee from Memphis. He was sick at the house of an aunt of his, 
 who was unwilling he should be removed to the hospital He was allowed to 
 remain with his aunt ; was sick about ten days, and recovered. There were 
 in that house six persons^two ladies and three men and a colored man, 
 together with myself, made seven persons, who attended the young man 
 throughout the whole attack. No case of yellow fever developed among that 
 number of persons. From that time up to the 1st of November twenty-four 
 cases of yellow fever were introduced in a similar manner into that town. 
 Nineteen of these I had sole management of. They were treated in the private 
 houses of the city and in the hotels. Five cases were removed to the infirm- 
 ary. Of these, three recovered and two died. Every hotel in the place had 
 more or less yellow fever. There was no stampede among the boarders. When the 
 
EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
218 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 disease was first introduced our people would not go near it. It was difficult 
 to get physicians to go. Toward the last they began to see it was not so dan- 
 gerous as they first thought. I liad in several instances to insist upon visitors 
 staying out. At the time I left home there was but one case of yellow fever in the 
 town. That victim has since died. From tlie 27th of August to the 1st of 
 November we had in all twenty-four cases. No day in that time was our little 
 town entirely free from yellow fever ; no day in that time that I did not visit 
 a yellow fever patient. The question of quarantine came before our Board of 
 Health ; then before our City Council. Both decided not to quarantine. Our 
 doors were left open to the refugees from the stricken cities. First Memphis, 
 then "Grand Junction, etc. We had refugees from all those places. There was 
 no restriction whatever upon travel or commerce. Goods of all kinds, bedding, 
 clothing, evei'ything passed over the railroads into our town — express, mails — 
 everything. When the disease became epidemic in Memjihis, the Memphis & 
 Charleston Kailroad shops were broken up, and, I think, about fifteen or 
 twenty families, with their luggage, trunks, etc., were moved into our town. 
 From Tuscumbia the same thing took place. One case developed on the 
 train that brought the people out. Seven cases developed from one car-load 
 of passengers from Tuscumbia. It has been a question with me, and I came 
 here to hear it answered — I would like to know why the disease attacked 
 Decatur, twenty-two miles from us, passed through our town and lodged at 
 Chattanooga ? 
 
 " We did not have our cases isolated. They were treated from the lowest 
 house to the finest hotels. I have endeavored to answer the question in my 
 own mind why the disease did not prevail in Huntsville, and I attribute it to 
 the sanitary condition of the place." 
 
 T 
 
 EMPERATURE OF HUNTSVILLE 
 
 The following record was kept for the year 1887, which shows the correct 
 range of the thermometer for each day, at four diff"erent periods, from which 
 it will be seen that for nine months in the year the temperature here is delight- 
 fully pleasant, and for the other three it is never severe. 
 
 1887. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 9 A. M. 
 
 12 m. 
 
 3p.m. 
 
 5 P. M. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 9 A. M. 
 
 12 M. 
 
 3 P. M. 
 
 5 P. M. 
 
 January 
 
 1... 
 
 l.T 
 
 If, 
 
 20 
 
 
 January 10... 
 
 40 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 39 
 
 
 2... 
 
 1.') 
 
 k; 
 
 20 
 
 
 17 
 
 36 
 
 42 
 
 44 
 
 39 
 
 
 o... 
 
 k; 
 
 '>■) 
 
 24 
 
 
 IS... 
 
 43 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 " 
 
 4... 
 
 26 
 
 31 
 
 SO 
 
 30 
 
 " 19... 
 
 42 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 41 
 
 " 
 
 5... 
 
 29 
 
 34 
 
 
 36 
 
 20... 
 
 47 
 
 55 
 
 
 55 
 
 " 
 
 0... 
 
 28 
 
 3S 
 
 
 38 
 
 21 
 
 3i 
 
 40 
 
 
 41 
 
 " 
 
 7... 
 
 30 
 
 37 
 
 
 39 
 
 11 .).) 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 51 
 
 " 
 
 ■' 8... 
 
 .37 
 
 44 
 
 
 42 
 
 " 23... 
 
 28 
 
 31 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 " 
 
 9... 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 
 24... 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 
 
 10... 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 29 
 
 25... 
 
 36 
 
 45 
 
 
 46 
 
 " 
 
 n... 
 
 27 
 
 3t) 
 
 40 
 
 
 26... 
 
 47 
 
 51 
 
 54 
 
 
 " 
 
 V2... 
 
 10 
 
 18 
 
 ')■) 
 
 20 
 
 " 27... 
 
 56 
 
 54 
 
 
 45 
 
 " 
 
 18... 
 
 20 
 
 28 
 
 SO 
 
 29 
 
 " 28... 
 
 .38 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 
 14... 
 
 30 
 
 38 
 
 40 
 
 39 
 
 " 29 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 15... 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 30... 
 
 30 
 
 36 
 
 
 40 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 
 
 Temperature of Huntsville — Continued. 
 
 219 
 
 DATE. 
 
 9 A. M. 
 
 12 M. 
 
 3 P. M. 
 
 5 P. M. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 9 A. M. 
 
 12 m. 
 
 3 P. M. 
 
 5 P. M. 
 
 January 31... 
 
 39 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 April 24... 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 
 February 1... 
 
 31 
 
 38 
 
 32 
 
 36 
 
 25... 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 78 
 
 " 2... 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 45 
 
 " 26... 
 
 72 
 
 68 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 3.''. 
 
 28 
 
 27 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 " 27... 
 
 68 
 
 67 
 
 
 65 
 
 A... 
 
 16 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 19 
 
 28... 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 5... 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 29... 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 6,.. 
 
 36 
 
 44 
 
 49 
 
 
 30... 
 
 64 
 
 64 
 
 62 
 
 60 
 
 " 7... 
 
 40 
 
 48 
 
 
 51 
 
 May 1... 
 
 62 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 67 
 
 8... 
 
 40 
 
 54 
 
 58 
 
 55 
 
 " 2. 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 9... 
 
 49 
 
 59 
 
 63 
 
 60 
 
 3.".".' 
 
 73 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 73 
 
 10... 
 
 58 
 
 63 
 
 67 
 
 64 
 
 4... 
 
 73 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 Jl... 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 
 57 
 
 5... 
 
 69 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 12... 
 
 40 
 
 40 
 
 
 40 
 
 " 6... 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 13... 
 
 40 
 
 49 
 
 53 
 
 51 
 
 " 7... 
 
 68 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 14... 
 
 53 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 8... 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 75 
 
 15... 
 
 42 
 
 44 
 
 
 39 
 
 9... 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 
 
 IG... 
 
 38 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 43 
 
 10... 
 
 74 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 79 
 
 17... 
 
 40 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 11 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 18... 
 
 41 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 12... 
 
 79 
 
 83 
 
 86 
 
 83 
 
 19... 
 
 52 
 
 57 
 
 56 
 
 53 
 
 13... 
 
 76 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 20... 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 37 
 
 
 14... 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 21... 
 
 44 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 15... 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 
 ()7 
 
 ■" 22... 
 
 47 
 
 57 
 
 
 58 
 
 16... 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 70 
 
 23!." 
 
 49 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 59 
 
 17... 
 
 70 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 
 2-1... 
 
 55 
 
 GO 
 
 69 
 
 55 
 
 18... 
 
 67 
 
 69 
 
 GG 
 
 
 " 25... 
 
 55 
 
 59 
 
 59 
 
 55 
 
 19... 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 2(3... 
 
 36 
 
 39 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 20 .. 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 " 27... 
 
 37 
 
 43 
 
 38 
 
 40 
 
 21... 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 
 28... 
 
 42 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 " 22... 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 
 March 1... 
 
 47 
 
 45 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 23!" 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 2... 
 
 36 
 
 44 
 
 46 
 
 
 24... 
 
 76 
 
 80 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 3... 
 
 36 
 
 45 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 26... 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 4... 
 
 37 
 
 43 
 
 50 
 
 49 
 
 26... 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 5... 
 
 52 
 
 59 
 
 59 
 
 58 
 
 27... 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 6... 
 
 46 
 
 4S 
 
 48 
 
 
 " 28... 
 
 74 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 7... 
 
 50 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 " 29... 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 8... 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 57 
 
 55 
 
 30... 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 
 9... 
 
 46 
 
 54 
 
 44 
 
 43 
 
 31... 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 10... 
 
 33 
 
 35 
 
 38 
 
 37 
 
 June 1... 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 11... 
 
 42 
 
 52 
 
 54 
 
 52 
 
 2... 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 12... 
 
 49 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 57 
 
 3... 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 13... 
 
 49 
 
 53 
 
 
 50 
 
 " 4... 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 14... 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 5... 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 15... 
 
 62 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 
 " 6... 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 
 IG... 
 
 65 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 69 
 
 " 7... 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 17... 
 
 67 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 72 
 
 8... 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 18... 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 9... 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 78 
 
 19... 
 
 66 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 74 
 
 " 10... 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 20... 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 65 
 
 11... 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 21... 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 
 " 12... 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 ■" 22 
 
 54 
 
 59 
 
 
 57 
 
 •' 13... 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 23'" 
 
 54 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 
 56 
 
 14... 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 24... 
 
 60 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 71 
 
 " 15... 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 25... 
 
 66 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 16... 
 
 79 
 
 84 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 26... 
 
 66 
 
 71 
 
 56 
 
 51 
 
 " 17... 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 27... 
 
 60 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 58 
 
 18.. 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 28... 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 
 " 19... 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 29... 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 59 
 
 58 
 
 •■' 20... 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 30... 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 
 62 
 
 54 
 
 21... 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 31... 
 
 43 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 43 
 
 22... 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 
 April 1... 
 
 56 
 
 59 
 
 62 
 
 GO 
 
 " 23... 
 
 74 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 " 2... 
 
 60 
 
 69 
 
 71 
 
 68 
 
 24.... 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 " 3... 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 
 67 
 
 26.... 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 4"! 
 
 53 
 
 48 
 
 45 
 
 43 
 
 26.... 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 SO 
 
 80 
 
 5... 
 
 38 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 
 " 27.... 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 
 79 
 
 6... 
 
 46 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 50 
 
 " 28.... 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 7... 
 
 45 
 
 52 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 29.... 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 8... 
 
 57 
 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 30.... 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 9... 
 
 67 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 66 
 
 July 1... 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 10... 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 67 
 
 64 
 
 2... 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 11... 
 
 69 
 
 74 
 
 66 
 
 66 
 
 3... 
 
 75 
 
 80 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 12... 
 
 66 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 
 4... 
 
 76 
 
 80 
 
 
 76 
 
 13.. 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 74 
 
 5... 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 14... 
 
 72 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 6.. 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 15... 
 
 76 
 
 81 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 " 7... 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 16... 
 
 70 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 75 
 
 8... 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 17... 
 
 71 
 
 74 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 9... 
 
 80 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 86 
 
 IS... 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 10... 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 80 
 
 84 
 
 19... 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 
 11... 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 
 82 
 
 20... 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 79 
 
 12... 
 
 81 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 21... 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 78 
 
 13... 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 22... 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 77 
 
 14... 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 23... 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 83 
 
 78 
 
 15... 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
220 North Alabama. 
 
 Temperature of Huntsville — Continued. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 9 A. M. 
 
 12 M. 
 
 3 P. M. 
 
 5 P. M. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 9 A. M. 
 
 12 M. 
 
 3 P. M. 
 
 5 P. M. 
 
 July 16... 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 October 9... 
 
 G8 
 
 76 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 17... 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 10... 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 
 ' 18... 
 
 79 
 
 
 82 
 
 
 11... 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 
 ' 19... 
 
 78 
 
 • 80 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 " 12 . 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 
 20... 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 " 13... 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 
 21... 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 14... 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 7» 
 
 
 ' 22... 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 " 15... 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 
 72; 
 
 
 23... 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 16... 
 
 62 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 
 24... 
 
 77 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 17... 
 
 65 
 
 
 
 72: 
 
 
 25... 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 S3 
 
 
 18... 
 
 66 
 
 75 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 
 26... 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 19... 
 
 70 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 7* 
 
 
 27... 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 S6 
 
 " 20... 
 
 70 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 74. 
 
 
 28... 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 21... 
 
 67 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 
 29... 
 
 84 
 
 87 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 " 22 
 
 64 
 
 72 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 
 30... 
 
 85 
 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 23!.. 
 
 64 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 72; 
 
 
 31... 
 
 84 
 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 87 
 
 24... 
 
 ■70 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 
 August 1... 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 " 25... 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 " 2... 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 S3 
 
 " 26... 
 
 65 
 
 69 
 
 66 
 
 08^ 
 
 i!!! 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 27... 
 
 53 
 
 55 
 
 53 
 
 
 4... 
 
 76 
 
 
 77 
 
 76 
 
 " 28... 
 
 46 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 
 5... 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 '• 29... 
 
 50 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 57 
 
 fi... 
 
 74 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 80 
 
 30... 
 
 53 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 " 31... 
 
 51 
 
 
 68 
 
 60- 
 
 %''. 
 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 Nove'ber 1... 
 
 50 
 
 67. 
 
 71 
 
 66 
 
 9... 
 
 79 
 
 SO 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 " 2... 
 
 54 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 
 10... 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 3' 
 
 
 70 
 
 67 
 
 
 11... 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 85 
 
 85 
 
 4... 
 
 56 
 
 64 
 
 
 
 12... 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 •' 5... 
 
 57 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 86 
 
 88 
 
 89 
 
 6... 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 
 44 
 
 43. 
 
 14.'!.' 
 
 Ki 
 
 87 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 " 7... 
 
 38 
 
 52 
 
 
 ... 
 
 15... 
 
 84 
 
 87 
 
 90 
 
 85 
 
 8... 
 
 39 
 
 49 
 
 49 
 
 46- 
 
 " IG... 
 
 83 
 
 86 
 
 90 
 
 91 
 
 " 9... 
 
 44 
 
 47 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 17... 
 
 84 
 
 88 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 10... 
 
 58 
 
 61 
 
 63 
 
 60' 
 
 18... 
 
 84 
 
 89 
 
 84 
 
 86 
 
 11... 
 
 62 
 
 65 
 
 63 
 
 61 
 
 J9... 
 
 82 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 87 
 
 12... 
 
 65 
 
 61 
 
 54 
 
 
 20... 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 81 
 
 SO 
 
 13... 
 
 38 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 44. 
 
 21... 
 
 76 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 14... 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 " 22... 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 15... 
 
 50 
 
 57 
 
 
 55. 
 
 23..! 
 
 7t> 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 78 
 
 16... 
 
 58 
 
 64 
 
 
 63 
 
 24... 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 17... 
 
 64 
 
 64 
 
 54 
 
 52 
 
 " 25... 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 18... 
 
 40 
 
 44 
 
 46 
 
 42 
 
 " 26... 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 19.... 
 
 40 
 
 48 
 
 51 
 
 48- 
 
 27... 
 
 78 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 84 
 
 20.... 
 
 50 
 
 59 
 
 61 
 
 5& 
 
 " 2<S... 
 
 SO 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 21.... 
 
 58 
 
 58 
 
 58 
 
 5S 
 
 " 29... 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 22.... 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 
 69 
 
 69 
 
 30... 
 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 2:^.... 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 66 
 
 64 
 
 31... 
 
 75 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 24.... 
 
 46 
 
 52 
 
 
 50 
 
 Septemb'r 1... 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 25.... 
 
 44 
 
 4-1 
 
 44 
 
 41 
 
 •' 2... 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 81 
 
 SO 
 
 " 26.... 
 
 36 
 
 49 
 
 52 
 
 49' 
 
 3... 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 27.... 
 
 38 
 
 45 
 
 
 43 
 
 " 4... 
 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 28.... 
 
 46 
 
 
 56 
 
 
 5... 
 
 75 
 
 78 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 " 29.... 
 
 
 58 
 
 56 
 
 55- 
 
 " 6... 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 30.... 
 
 53 
 
 60 
 
 59 
 
 55 
 
 " 7... 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 Dece'ber 1.... 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 44 
 
 8... 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 ** 2.... 
 
 27 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 " 9... 
 
 79 
 
 82 
 
 84 
 
 S3 
 
 " 3 .. 
 
 30 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 29 
 
 10... 
 
 78 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 
 " 4.... 
 
 32 
 
 30 
 
 29 
 
 27 
 
 11... 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 84 
 
 5.... 
 
 23 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 
 12... 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 78 
 
 " 6.... 
 
 24 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 29 
 
 13... 
 
 72 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 73 
 
 " 7.... 
 
 26 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 37 
 
 14... 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 " 8.... 
 
 29 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 49 
 
 15... 
 
 74 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 77 
 
 " 9.... 
 
 39 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 45. 
 
 " 16... 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 S3 
 
 82 
 
 10.... 
 
 40 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 52. 
 
 17... 
 
 77 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 11.... 
 
 52 
 
 61 
 
 60 
 
 57- 
 
 " IS... 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 12.... 
 
 54 
 
 58 
 
 57 
 
 56. 
 
 " 19... 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 13.... 
 
 46 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 " 20 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 79 
 
 78 
 
 " 14.... 
 
 36 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50- 
 
 " 21... 
 
 73 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 15.... 
 
 31 
 
 33 
 
 29 
 
 28 
 
 
 74 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 78 
 
 " 16.... 
 
 22 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 " 23... 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 SO 
 
 17... 
 
 42 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 " 24... 
 
 76 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 80 
 
 " IS.... 
 
 49 
 
 55 
 
 56 
 
 51 
 
 ^' 25... 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 '• 19.... 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 
 40 
 
 "■ 26... 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 91 
 
 80 
 
 20.... 
 
 32 
 
 37 
 
 40 
 
 37 
 
 " 27... 
 
 78 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 21.... 
 
 40 
 
 47 
 
 49 
 
 46 
 
 " 28... 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 78 
 
 76 
 
 22.... 
 
 46 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 50' 
 
 29... 
 
 (i8 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 " 23.... 
 
 55 
 
 60 
 
 62 
 
 58 
 
 30... 
 
 66 
 
 69 
 
 68 
 
 
 24.... 
 
 54 
 
 56 
 
 47 
 
 
 October 1... 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 62 
 
 25.... 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 48 
 
 .... 
 
 " 2... 
 
 56 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 67 
 
 26.... 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 47 
 
 
 z''. 
 
 68 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 " 27.... 
 
 45 
 
 49 
 
 52 
 
 
 " 4... 
 
 64 
 
 72 
 
 76 
 
 70 
 
 28.... 
 
 40 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 '47 
 
 5... 
 
 f.4 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 
 " 29.... 
 
 4G 
 
 49 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 
 6... 
 
 68 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 74 
 
 30.... 
 
 54 
 
 55 
 
 49 
 
 43 
 
 7... 
 
 70 
 
 76 
 
 78 
 
 
 31... 
 
 26 
 
 29 
 
 26 
 
 25 
 
 8... 
 
 68 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
222 NoKTir Alabama. 
 
 "When our people road of the work of the destructive and deadly cyclone 
 in Illinois the i»ast winter, they should return thanks for their good fortune in 
 living where such dangers never come. A cyclone in this part of the- Ten- 
 nessee Valley is something impossible, rendered so by the conformation of our 
 •country. Two things we are here exempt from that afflict the prairie coun- 
 tries of the Northwest and Southwest — destructive winds and severe drouths; 
 ;and these exemptions are of great value to this section. 
 
 w 
 
 HAT HUNTSVILLE HAS 
 
 Huntsville has raih'oad, telei)hone ami telegraph facilities, street cars, elec- 
 tric and gas lights, an excellent system of water works, which supplies the 
 <;ity with water perfectly pure, from a spring with the capacity of 1,250,000 
 ■gallons j)er hour, with a temperature of 00.8° Fahr.; two banks, with large 
 capital; four hotels, three restaurants, good market, an elegant opera house, 
 •convenient to all hotels, a large ice factory, cotton factory, with over ten 
 thousand spindles, of the latest and most improved machinery. This factory 
 ■only makes cotton yarns, which are of so supi rior quality that one house in 
 Philadeli)hia has engaged its entire product. It consumes about two thousand 
 bales of cotton per year, which is grown in this county, and its fine fiber 
 •causes the yarn to be ranked with the most superior quality in this country. 
 A net dividend of twenty-two per cent, was declared by the directors last 
 year. It has been enlarged twice to meet the growing demand for its i)roduct. 
 Huntsville also has one of the largest cotton-seed oil mills in the South, saw 
 mill, two planing mills, sash and door factories, broom factory, gas works, car- 
 riage and buggy factory, wagon factory, cigar factory, machine shops, roller 
 :gristmill, with the latest and most improved machinery, which is making the 
 finest quality of meal and stock feed ; harness, boot and shoe shops, etc. 
 
 Huntsville also has the largest and most successful County Agricultural 
 Association in the State. The fair grounds, near the city, are the most beauti- 
 ful in the South. The agricultural exhibits for the years bS86-87, which were 
 large and varied, were pronounced the equal of any similar exhibits at the 
 -State fairs of Ohio and Kentucky. The agricultural exiiibit from this county 
 in 1887, at the State Fair, held at Montgomery, was unanimously awarded the 
 first prize of $400, and the year previous it was conceded to have belonged to 
 Madison on merit. The Fair is held in October, a most delightful season, 
 beginning on the lltli, and continuing five days. 
 
 The rainfall in Alabama averages about forty-five inches annually, and is 
 -SO evenly distributed over the State as to never lequii-e irrigation. Drouths 
 here are unknown. 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 223 
 
 N 
 
 ATURAL RESOURCES TRIBUTARY 
 
 TO HUNTSVILLE 
 
 The late Commodore Maury, than whom no higher authority could be 
 ■cited, states in his celebrated works on geography, that the Blue Grass region 
 of Kentucky, Middle Tennessee and North Alabama comprises the Garden Spot 
 of the United States. The Tennessee Valley is at the head of Northern Ala- 
 bama, and Madison County is at its head, thus placing Huntsville at the most 
 admirable point in all this famous region. Surrounded by an agricultural sec- 
 tion unsurpassed, all the products of the field, dairy, orchard and vineyard 
 are produced at its very door. This county has an area of 872 miles, with a 
 frontage on the Tennessee River of thirty miles. It is the banner county of 
 the cereal belt, being one of the largest corn-producing counties in the State. 
 In the north section it leads all others in wealth and the production of cotton, 
 the annual yield of the latter being 23,000 bales. The character of the soil is 
 .generally red clay subsoil, with a limestone foundation, and is susceptible of 
 the highest state of cultivation and productiveness. It yields promptly and 
 bountifully to every intelligent touch of labor This county is watered by 
 twelve creeks and rivers, traversing north to south. It occupies a medium 
 .ground between tropical and temperate producing regions, with most of the 
 'Characteristics peculiar to both. The soil is specially adapted to corn, cotton, 
 wheat, tobacco, oats, rye, barley, peas, potatoes and millet ; and orchard grass, 
 herds-grass, timothy and clover grow here to perfection, producing as much as 
 three tons per acre. Grapes and other fruits grow finely, and all vegetables 
 luxuriate. 
 
 The value of the annual corn crop is estimated at $1,500,000; cotton crop 
 -about the same ; peas and beans, $50,000 ; potatoes, $100,000 ; and horses, 
 cattle and sheep fully $1,000,000. There are several fine herds of Jersey and 
 Holstein cattle, and they thrive well here. There are fully one hundred head 
 -of registered Jerseys in the county, several being direct from the Isle of 
 Jersey. Madison County doubtless has the finest horses and jacks in this sec- 
 tion of country, and stock raising is becoming a very profitable business. 
 
 The largest fruit nursery in the United States is in this county, from 
 which shipments are made to all parts of the United States, Canada and even 
 Europe. 
 
 The fine water, splendid climate and abundant timber of this county are 
 .attracting much attention. Lands are of an excellent quality and cheap, 
 varying from five dollars per acre and up, according to character of improve- 
 ments and proximity to the city and railroads. The county is out of debt and 
 taxes are low. 
 
 Iron ore, lead, silver and fire clay, in abundant quantities and of an excel- 
 lent quality, have recently been discovered near the city, and the ore ranges 
 -out for twenty miles, which is estimated to contain fifty per cent, pure metals. 
 Adjoining the city limits is limestone of the best quality and in unlimited 
 quantity ; and limestone is distributed throughout the county . Such is the 
 ■confidence in the quality and quantity of iron ore and limestone here that 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 225 
 
 Pennsylvania capitalists have decided to construct near the city, this spring, an 
 iron furnace, with a daily capacity of one hundred tons. They have had an 
 •expert in the field for months, who is astonished at the rich finds of ores in 
 this vicinity. No attention, until recently, ever having been directed to 
 minerals, these discoveries are a revelation as gratifying as they are surprising. 
 
 Through recent railroad connection Huntsville is now in direct commu- 
 nication also with the great coal fields of Tennessee, by which steam coal is 
 brought to her depot at $1.25 per ton. And upon completion of the railroad to 
 Birmingham from this city, through Murphree's Valley, coal will be brought 
 here much cheaper. This road is now under construction, and is expected to 
 be completed by the first of January, 1889. This valley is one of the richest 
 in the State in iron and coal, and is only about fifty miles south of Huntsville. 
 
 Tributary to Huntsville are immense forests of the finest growth of hai'd 
 woods, such as the oaks, ash, beech, red gum, cherry, walnut, hickory, poplar, 
 chestnut and basswood. And in the adjoining county of Jackson is a world 
 of the finest cedar, through which the Memphis & Charleston Eailroad runs. 
 
 IJ UNTSVILLE'S RAILROAD CONNECTIONS 
 
 In the light of existing facts there can be no doubt that, in the near 
 future, Huntsville will be the great railroad center of North Alaljama and the 
 commercial metropolis of Tennessee Valley. Look at the facts. The Mem- 
 phis & Charleston, a part of the great East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia 
 Railroad System, runs through the city now east and west. 
 
 The Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway afibrds direct connection 
 to Nashville, Tennessee, and thence North by the Louisville & Nashville 
 System, the former being under the control of the latter. Two Southern con- 
 nections will be had this year. 
 
 The Birmingham Mineral Railroad is now being built from Birmingham 
 to Huntsville by the Louisville & Nashville S3^stem, the contract having been 
 let for its construction from Birmingham to the Tennessee River, ten miles 
 south of Huntsville. This road runs through Murphree's Valley, which abounds 
 in beds of the very best red hematite ore, and is equally as rich in its seams of 
 coal, which can be found throughout its entire distance, varying from three to 
 eight feet in thickness. This valley is one of the richest in the State in its 
 minerals, and this road thus places Huntsville in close proximity to immense 
 coal and iron fields, giving it sujierior advantages for all manufacturing 
 purposes. 
 
 The contract for building the Tennessee & Coosa Valley Railroad was let 
 May 25th, and work began at Huntsville June 1st. The road begins at 
 Gadsden, Alabama, aiid runs to this city, eighty-five miles, crossing the Ten- 
 nessee River at Guntersville. The contract requires that the road be completed 
 by the 1st of October, 1888. Inside of ninety days the road will be built to 
 the Tennessee River; Going south from Huntsville, this road connects with 
 Gadsden, Anniston, Columbus (Georgia), and Brunswick, the acknowledged 
 most superior harbor on the Atlantic seaboard. Huntsville thus obtains a 
 railroad to another great coal and iron field — the Cahaba. This road will be 
 
226 North Alabama. 
 
 extended on nortli from Huntsville via Pulaski, Tennessee, to Jackson, 
 West Tennessee, connecting with the great Illinois Central. A road is also 
 contemplated from Somerset, Kentucky, on the Cincinnati Southern, down 
 along the western base of the Cumberland Mountains, via Fayetteville, Ten- 
 nessee, and to Huntsville, and it is confidently believed that it will be built. 
 
 All of these roads penetrate and traverse virgin country, as rich as any in 
 the South in coal, iron, timber and agricultural productions of every variety. 
 
 Thus it will be seen that, with these five great trunk lines, Huntsville 
 becomes the great railroad center of North Alabama, and fixes her destiny in 
 the near future of a city of thirty to forty thousand people. 
 
 The preliminary survey for a dummy and belt line railroad, connecting 
 the city with Monte Sano Hotel, has been made and- the contract let for its 
 construction, which is expected to be in operation by August, 1888. This 
 gives easy and rapid transit to the mountain, and enables Huntsville to offer 
 superior facilities to her present admirable advantages for manufacturing. 
 
 THE RAILROAD TO HUNTSVILLE 
 
 Birmingham Age. 
 
 "The announcement made in yesterday's Age that the Louisville & Nash- 
 ville Railway officials have decided to build a road from this city to Huntsville 
 is news of no little importance to Birmingham, Huntsville, and, indeed, to 
 all North Alabama. IVIoreover, it adds to the merited distinction this com- 
 pany has already won, of being the most progressive railway corporation in 
 the South. 
 
 The road it now proposes to build will run from this city, in a northeast- 
 erly direction through Murphree's Valley, which is perhaps richer in mineral 
 deposits than any other section of the mineral belt of Alabama. It abounds in 
 iron ore and coal of the very best quality, limestone and water, and many of 
 us will live to see the day when it will be filled with thousands of busy people, 
 and when its smoke-stacks of furnaces and foundries and rolling mills may be 
 counted by the score. 
 
 This road will also strike the navigable waters of the Tennessee, over 
 which it will pass into as fine an agricultural country as can be found in the 
 State. Madison County, as it should do, is rapidly abandoning the old ante- 
 bellum methods of agriculture, and its farmers are more and more turning 
 their attention to grass, grain, stock raising and dairy products. Here is the 
 country from which the future great city of Birmingham is to draw its supply 
 of farm and garden products. 
 
 To Huntsville, the new railroad — which will give it connection with the 
 coal and iron fields, and the great manufacturing metropolis of the State — 
 will be of immense advantage. It will put her in communication with 
 another great trunk line, running North and South, and with the INIemphis & 
 Charleston, running east and west, will make it quite a desirable point for 
 manufacturing. 
 
 We congratulate Huntsville and Birmingham that the two cities are to be 
 linked together with bands of steel." 
 
228 North Alabama. 
 
 The completion of the Mussel Shoals is but a question of a short time, 
 which will render the one thousand miles of the Tennessee River navigable. 
 Connected by railroads of only ten miles to the river, Huntsville is then in 
 communication by river transportation with the great iNlississippi and Ohio 
 Elvers, the hundred prosperous cities of their valleys and their thousands of 
 miles of inland navigation, and also direct to all the great seaports of the world. 
 Huntsville thus becomes, to all intents and for all practical jjurposes, located 
 on the Tennessee River, which will give all the benefits of competition in low 
 freights, without the disadvantages of dampness, fogs, malaria, and their 
 numerous attendant evils, which bring certain bad health. 
 
 H 
 
 UNTSVILLE'S ADVANTAGES FOR 
 
 DIFFERENT MANUFACT0RIF:S 
 
 The history of all manufacturing towns has demonstrated that the town 
 dependent on one line of industry, be it iron, wood or cotton, is liable to periods 
 of depression. It might be said to have become axiomatic that safe and 
 steady progress and uninterrupted prosperity can be found only in and main- 
 tained by diversified industries. In this system alone can every branch of 
 labor and every element of material be employed, thereby making every edge 
 cut both ways. 
 
 In this age of increasing manufactories throughout the United States, and 
 especially in the South, competition is felt as never befor^. Hence, the 
 importance of weighing every economic consideration entering into the price 
 of labor— raw material and fuel, health of operatives, their cheapness of 
 living, lessening the expense of operating machinerj^ and saving of freights 
 by locating factories where the raw material exists or is grown, and nearest the 
 market for its consumption. 
 
 Based upon these fundamental ])rinciples in the law of economics, and in 
 the light of all the facts set forth in the preceding pages, the conclusion is 
 inevitable, that for diversified manufactories, into whose })roducts must enter 
 cotton, timber and iron, there is no city in the Union possessing all the advan- 
 tages of Huntsville. 
 
 The South, by reason of its long summers and short winters, has always 
 consumed a large quantity of cotton goods, and her increasing population is 
 necessarily rapidly enlarging this demand. The growing cities of tlie South, 
 the new lines of industry in her thousands of factories, her diversified agriculture, 
 immense railroad building and extension, are all increasing to an incalculal)le 
 degree the demand for machinery, farming implements, tools, vehicles, building 
 materials and articles of home use, into all of which enter timber, iron and 
 cotton, the raw material for which is found here contiguous to Huntsville in 
 greater quantity and finer quality than anywhere else in this country. 
 
 Transportation facilities Huntsville enjoys ample. Cotton of the finest 
 and best quality is grown here in abundance at her very door. All the hard 
 woods, in inexhaustless quantities, are here in close proximity. Iron, coal 
 and limestone surround it. Here is the purest water in greater abundance 
 than is enjoyed by any city South. A genial climate and health-invigorating 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 229 
 
 atmosphere are always found. No death-dealing snow-storms and blizzards in 
 winter and early spring, no burning, suffocating heat in summer, with pestif- 
 erous mosquitoes, afflict us here. 
 
 Machinery runs smoothly the entire year, and operatives can labor in 
 comfort every day of the 365 ; whereas, in many Northern and Eastern locali- 
 ties, where the severe winters exist, the machinery is often frozen up and, of 
 course, injured, labor is made idle, expense incurred, and profits cut off. 
 Here no expensive fires are to be kept up in furnaces to protect the machinery 
 through long and severe winter nights, nor in the homes of the operatives, 
 making the cost of living greater, consequently requiring higher wages, and 
 thereby cutting down the profits of the manufacturer. 
 
 Owing to the temperate and genial climate here, lighter and less expen- 
 sive clothing is worn. In the midst of a great agricultural section articles of 
 food are better, fresher and cheaper. Healthy operatives prevent the expense 
 of doctors' bills, and their contentment is thus augmented. Land is cheap and 
 building is not expensive, which will enable every family to own its home, plant 
 round it flowers and beautify it, thereby bringing together those elements which 
 make good citizens and happy families, thus securing the most reliable labor. 
 Other factors in securing this desirable condition of labor are an excellent public 
 city school and splendid churches, with all the leading religious denominations 
 represented. 
 
 The discontented labor and numerous strikes that have become so prev- 
 alent in the manufacturing districts of the North have suggested to the 
 intelligent and well-informed mind, desiring to build up in one locality fac- 
 tories of diversified industry, the wisdom of selecting that point where the 
 profitable investment of capital and its harmonious adjunct — contented labor — 
 can be best secured. 
 
 In looking over the whole country to find the best health, delightful resi- 
 dence, cheap living, raw material in abundance and near the factory, cheap 
 fuel, with transportation facilities to haul the manufactured product to the 
 largest market in closest proximity, Huntsville was selected, and to carry out 
 this grand enterprise, gentlemen from the North and the South, of foresight, 
 enterprise and ample means, organized the NORTH ALABAMA IMPROVE- 
 MENT COMPANY, the officers of which are : M. J. O'Shaughnessy, President ; 
 Samuel H. Buck, Vice President and General Manager ; J. R. Stevens, Treas- 
 urer; J. L. Rison, Secretary. Directors: J. F. O'Shaughnessy, Milton Humes, 
 Wm. P. Newmaia, J. R. Stevens, Geo. M. Harris, J. L. Rison. 
 
 Mr. L. Metesser, of New Orleans, has been appointed Manager of the 
 Mechanical and Manufacturing Department. His address is 34 and 36 St. 
 Charles street. New Orleans, Louisiana. 
 
 The city of Huntsville exempts all manufactories from taxation for a 
 period of ten years where $5,000 and upward is invested. 
 
 16 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 231 
 
 -J HE COMPANY'S PLAN AS TO MANUFACTO RIES 
 
 The Company's policy to locate, build up and foster desirable manufac- 
 tures of all kinds is consistent with the mutual interests of all concerned and 
 anost liberal. In such enterprises as are of a nature to warrant it, the Company 
 ^ill take stock if desired by locators ; but as no particular plan can cover all 
 ■ cases, each will have to be considered on its individual merits. The Company's 
 Extensive Central Plant can supply power, room, heat, light, water, etc., etc., 
 for all industries suitable for a central location ; and for such as require larger 
 space or isolation, equally as desirable arrangements are offered. In order to 
 -amply provide for all the requirements of this department of the Company's 
 enterprise, large tracts of land, in every way suitable for the purpose, have 
 been selected for the sole use of the factories and dwellings of the employes so 
 ■divided and arranged as to insure ample room, desirable sites specially suited 
 for each industry as near as may be. These lands adjoin the city and have the 
 necessary transportation facilities and ample room for all future desired out- 
 letsand railroad connections. The Company's surveyed belt railroad, dummy 
 routes, street-car lines, magnificent drives and walks, place the location within 
 easy reach for all purposes. The ground has natural drainage, sloping gently 
 from the mountain's base to near an affluent stream, which has been utilized 
 for transportation, and may, by proper means, be converted into a navigable 
 tributary of the Tennessee River. 
 
 At the base of these mountains (over whose peaks and pine-clad sides the 
 air passes for many miles, is purified and impregnated with health-giving 
 properties), and above the factory sites is the location for the homes of the 
 operators, giving ample space for buildings in blocks, facing and surrounding 
 parks and open spaces, or for cottages with private grounds. Through the 
 Company's property (visible in the park in the new city of East Huntsville) 
 and under these lands for factory and cottage sites, flows the mountain stream 
 that bursts out at the foot of the cliff in the city, and forms the famous Hunts- 
 ville spring of cool water, estimated at 1,250,000 gallons per hour at this single 
 outlet, from which the Water Works has supplied the city for aH purposes 
 since 1825, and from the same pure source will the Company's nfew city of East 
 Huntsville, and mountain cottages and factories be furnished all needed water, 
 hy a system of waterworks ample in capacity for all demands. The pay-rolls 
 of the manufactures here demonstrate that labor of the kind so far required is 
 abundant, and wages are less than for same work elsewhere; but the healthy 
 locality, mild climate and fertility of the soil, producing an ample and cheap 
 food supply, enable the operatives to live cheaper and fare better than similar 
 communities elsewhere. Building material can be had in abundance and cheap. 
 'The natural resources for manufacturing, of mine, quarry, forest and soil, are 
 second to none. High grades of iron ore, with coal and limestone for its con- 
 aversion, are found in inexhaustible quantities at our very doors. Extensive 
 iforests of timber are here. Twenty-odd thousand bales of cotton are annually 
 shipped East from this county alone, for want of additional factories to con- 
 vert it into goods that stand in the Eastern market at the head of the list, and 
 "Cannot be furnished to the extent of more than a small per cent, of demands 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 233 
 
 '■by the mill capacity now here, whose stockholders received in 1887 over 
 twenty per cent, dividend. 
 
 Unexcelled openings and indncements are offered for blast furnaces, roll- 
 ing mills, steam forges, foundries, machine shops, boiler works, rail, fish-plate 
 and spike mills, nail works, bridge and bolt works, furniture factories, planing 
 mills, wagon, buggy and carriage works, car shops, boot and shoe factories, 
 •paper mills, starch works, flour mills, hominy mills, cotton factories, woolen 
 mills, soap works, and diversified industries of all desirable kinds, seeking 
 .healthy climate and good homes, cheap fuel, abundant water and raw material, 
 with ample transportation for supplies and manufactured products, etc., etc. 
 This part of the Company's interest has been organized into a special depart- 
 iment to facilitate all matters pertaining to same. 
 
 All communications should be addressed to 
 
 SAMUEL H. BUCK, 
 Vice President and General Manager, 
 
 Huntsville, Alabama. 
 
 -^i-LAND SALES-i^ 
 
 The North Alabama Improvement Company is now placing on the market 
 'lots of its property, which constitute the most beautiful and admirably located 
 .in the city and surburbs, and splendidly adapted for residence and manufac- 
 tories 
 
 Durmg the summer and fall these lots will be continually put on the mar- 
 iket. The best investments, yet offered in the South, are here to be found. 
 Oome and see, or, address 
 
 GEN. MANAGER NORTH ALABAMA IMPROVEMENT CO., 
 
 Huntsville, Alabama. 
 
234 North Alabama. 
 
 j^uI>tsuill(^ as a l^ejort for all Seasoijj, 
 HGTEb MONTE SAN0, 
 
 1,700 FEET ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE SEA, 
 
 —AND— 
 
 NEW HaNTSVlLLE H0TEb. 
 
 Properties of North Alabama Improvement Company. 
 
 Travelers Spending Winters in Florida, as well as Southerners^ 
 
 Returning from the North in September and October, 
 
 can Stop Over, on their Tickets, at Huntsville 
 
 and Monte Sano Hotels, until October ist. 
 
 It must be a source of gratifying pride to every Southerner, as well as 
 every American citizen, that the South is not only developing its material re- 
 sources and taking its place alongside the North in the various lines of manufac- 
 turing enterprises, but that it has reached that degree of prosperity once agains 
 when it can furnish its visitors from the North delightful and elegant resorts- 
 in winter ; and that within its borders can be found a place for its own people 
 in the extreme portions of the Southern States to pleasantly spend the heated 
 summer months, equal in every respect to any of the Eastern resorts. For 
 many years it has been a serious question with visitors from the North to- 
 Florida where they could pleasantly and comfortably stay after it had become 
 too cold at home, and yet it was too warm in Florida, making the change toc^ 
 abrupt and sudden ; and the people from the extreme South, who spend their 
 summers North, where they could go after it had become too cold to remain- 
 North, and yet was still unsafe to return to the extreme portions of the South 
 before frost. 
 
 A medium point was desired, where travelers from both sections could, 
 spend the months of September, October and November as pleasantly as they- 
 
f5^-.'/^ 
 
236 North Alabama. 
 
 had respectively the summer months. But the trouble has been, no such 
 point could ])e found adequate to the tastes and necessities of travelers. 
 
 Fortunately for this class of tourists, Huntsville, Alabama, is a point that 
 can now meet every demand. 
 
 M ONTE SANO HOTEL 
 
 Three and a half miles from the city, reached by an excellent smooth, 
 macadamized pike, on the southern terminus of the Cumberland range of 
 mountains, is Hotel Monte Sano. It is over 1,700 feet above sea level. There 
 are higher mountains, but in the matchless beauty, picturesqueness and gran- 
 deur of its scenery, no point in this country equals it. A panorama of land- 
 scape, interspersed with hill and vale, is also presented, that in its charm and 
 delight — for splendor of its beauty, is unsurpassed in the South. The atmos- 
 phere on this mountain is noted for its purity, exhilarating and bracing effect 
 upon the constitution. Various mineral and freestone waters are here in 
 abundance. There is an appetizing and energizing element in the air that is 
 soon perceptible and is remarkable in its effects. 
 
 The hotel is of the Queen Anne style of architecture ; broad galleries sur- 
 rounding it, with two hundred rooms heated by steam, lighted by gas, no back 
 or inside rooms, and into each one enters the clear sunlight. 
 
 The rooms are elegantly furnished with every modern convenience 
 attached. The table service is superb, and the fare exceptionally good. 
 
 In fact, in all of its appointments it is the equal of any hotel in the East. 
 It was opened June 1, and its success has been unijaralleled. Its guests this 
 season number the best people North and South. Among the number have 
 been leading capitalists, railroad presidents and officers, the wealthiest coal 
 and iron magnates, prominent bankers, distinguished journalists, eminent 
 jurists, and the most accomplished women in the land, and the voluntary and 
 universal verdict has been — perfect satisfaction given. 
 
 Since last season there has been added a handsome two-story cottage, con- 
 taining thirty-six elegant rooms, fitted up similar to the hotel, and connected 
 -with it by a beautiful walk of one hundred yards. This has been named Mem- 
 phis Row, in honor of the city of Memjihis, that furnished the first season the 
 largest number of guests of any city. 
 
 The grounds have been greatly beautified with beds of natural flowers 
 and shrubbery trees, and delightful walks for promenade have been prepared. 
 Also a commodious bowling alley near the hotel. Elegant drives around the 
 mountain, of at least fourteen miles, have been made, from which the most 
 charming scenery is ever in view, that pleases the eye and rejoices the soul of 
 man. There is established in connection with the hotel a large livery stable, 
 containing trained horses, buggies and carriages, which will be at the conve- 
 nient disposal of guests for riding or driving. There are also billiards, croquet, 
 lawn tennis, and other amusements. 
 
 An excellent band of music will be in the hotel during the season, from 
 June 1 to October 31. 
 
 This hotel is under the able management of Mr. J. D. Billings, who also 
 
HUNTSVILLE 237 
 
 lias charge of the New Hnntsville Hotel. Both hotels are the properties of 
 the North Alabama Improveuient Company, and its policy is to keep them up 
 to a high standard. 
 
 T HE NEW HUNTSVILLE HOTEL 
 
 It can now he justly claimed that Huntsville has a hotel the equal of any 
 ■<;ity in its elegance, appointments and cuisine, and superior to that of any city 
 of 25,000 in the South. 
 
 The New Huntsville Hotel was formally opened to the public May 10, 1888. 
 It is under the efficient and accomplished management of Mr. J. D. Billinga 
 (who is also manager of Hotel Monte Sano), who has had the experience of a 
 lifetime in his business, and while he comes with the highest testimonials 
 his strangest record is, that he has been a complete success wherever he has 
 been. 
 
 The hotel is four stories, solid iron and glass front, containing one hun- 
 •dred and twenty-five rooms, situated on the corner of the public square, most 
 -conveniently located to the business of the city, postoffice, churches, and 
 adjoins the opera house. It has been furnished anew, from cellar to garret, 
 in the most tasty and elegant style, with elevator connecting with the rotunda, 
 and also ladies' entrance and leading to each floor, lighted by gas, electric bells, 
 bathrooms, and heated by steam radiators, making the halls in cold weather 
 as warm and comfortable as the interior of the rooms. The rotunda, stairway 
 and diningroom are finished in hard wood finish of dark oak panel wain- 
 scotting. The frescoing is flat relief compo and Queen Anne style of decora- 
 tive fresco art. The parlor is finished in white maple, with fresco of the French 
 renaissance of the time of Louis XIV, and the furnishings are in keeping, 
 being as elegant and tasty as they are costly. The reception room is hand- 
 somely furnished and finished in modern Moorish design of fresco work. The 
 ladies' readingroom is exquisitely furnished and finished in Italian stucco 
 compo. 
 
 These rooms are all on the second floor and command a splendid view of 
 the square, courtyard park, and from the diningroom is beheld one of the 
 most inviting pictures of mountain and vale to be seen in Nature. All the 
 •rooms are large, elegantly furnished, none are inside, but into each one comes 
 the clear sunlight. 
 
 The construction of the building was done from plans and specifications of 
 Mr. L. B. Wheeler, of Atlanta, Ga., the celebrated architect of the Kimball 
 House. Everything that Science and Art could suggest and money purchase 
 has been done to make this hotel the perfection of elegance, comfort and 
 delightful living, and the splendid results pronounce it an eminent success in 
 every detail. 
 
 It has a number of large, comfortable rooms, which can be used single or 
 in suites, adapted for families who should desire to spend the winters in this 
 •charming and lovely city. 
 
 For particulars, address Huntsville Hotel. 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 239' 
 
 A DJACENT ATTRACTIONS AND WONDERS 
 
 BROHAW SPRING AND PARK 
 
 is two miles from the city by a projected dummy line. The park, as- 
 planned, contains thirty-two acres equally divided between precipitous banks, 
 high grounds, covered with native trees and rolling pasture lands, all shaded 
 by native foliage. The lake will occupy sixteen of the thirty -two acres, and be 
 confined by high banks and sandy beach on one side and end, and by a broad 
 levee on the other side and end fifteen hundred feet long, four feet high and 
 fifteen feet wide, to be used as a drive, as well as to confine the lake. In the 
 construction of the lake no excavation is necessary, except in preparing thfr 
 beach for bathing, as a uniform depth of from three to five feet can be obtained 
 by the natural formation alone. The bottom of the lake will be sand and 
 gravel, its natural bed. 
 
 The water is clear, nearly free from limestone, cool and in inexhaustible 
 quantity. When the lake is completed a boathouse will be constructed, and 
 rowing and sailing boats placed upon it for the pleasure of guests. Shady 
 walks and romantic drives, more than two and a half miles in extent, are had 
 in and about the parks. Bath houses at the beach are to be arrange, and a 
 casino for picnic parties and pleasure-seekers, with all necessary appliances. 
 The spring is in a romantic, shady and beautiful spot, with every natural 
 attraction. The approach is direct from the city. Huntsville, Monte Sano and 
 its magnificent hotel are in full view from the park. There is everything 
 necessary existing to make this enterprise a great success and eminently 
 attractive for its special purposes. 
 
 S HELTER ROCK CAVE 
 
 LURAY, VIRGINIA, AND MAMMOTH, KENTUCKY, ECLIPSED. 
 
 One mile north of the city is a cave that is a wonder. There is a lake of 
 water in it from 100 to 300 hundred feet wide, half a mile long, and from ten 
 to twenty feet deep. Mr. H. M. Fuller, recently from Greenville, Michigan, 
 owns it, and is preparing it for a great pleasure resort. It is already open to 
 the public. It is one hundred feet under ground. The scenery is grand and 
 picturesque. The ceiling is limestone rock, with beautiful stalagmite, and in 
 this cave is claimed to be the largest stalagmite in the world. It is eleven feet 
 high and twenty-four feet in circumference. A large platform has been pre- 
 pared for dancing, and boats for riding on the lake. Gentlemen who have 
 visited Luray Cave, Virginia, and the great Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, pro- 
 nounce Shelter Rock Cave superior to both of them. It is well worth visiting. 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 241 
 
 A 
 
 WORD TO THE NORTHERN FARMER 
 
 Madison County, Alabama, will be absolutely out of debt January 1, 1889, 
 and practically does not owe a dollar now. AVhile it is carrying a bonded debt 
 of $62,000, that falls due January 1, 1889, it owns $56,000 of tirst mortgage bonds 
 of the Memphis & Charleston Railroad with which to pay this debt. The lat- 
 ter are worth $1.27, so it will be seen that on January 1, 1889, the county 
 will have over $74,000 with which to pay this debt, leaving a cash surplus in 
 the treasury of over $12,000. Twenty-five per cent, premium has been offered 
 for the county's bonds and refused, which shows its financial condition is- 
 healthy and under honest and wise management. 
 
 The tax rate is : State, 55 cents on the $100 worth of property. County 
 same, but it has not been necessary to go over 40. City tax, $1, and all of 
 these are based upon an assessment of about half the real value, showing taxes 
 are exceedingly light. 
 
 Exemptions are liberal — $2,000 worth of real property and $1,000 worth of 
 personal propertj^ Rate of interest, 8 per cent, per annum. 
 
 The compiler of this pamphlet called in at random four farmers from dif- 
 ferent portions of the county, who made the following report as to yield of 
 various crops grown here. Only an average is given : 
 
 Corn ; . 60 bushels per acre. 
 
 Wheat 28 " " " 
 
 Oats 45 " " " 
 
 Barley 36 " " " 
 
 Rye 15 " " " 
 
 Clover 3 tons " " 
 
 Clover seed 3 bushels " *' 
 
 Millet :: 60 " " " 
 
 Millet hay 3 tons " " 
 
 Herds grass 2 " " " 
 
 Orchard grass 2 " " " 
 
 Stock peas hay 4 " " " 
 
 Stock peas 10 bushels " " 
 
 Sweet potatoes. . . .200 to 450 " " " 
 
 Irish potatoes 150 to 400 " " " 
 
 Both can be kept through winter. 
 
 Peanuts , 40 " " " 
 
 All kinds of vegetables, both early and late cabbages, grow luxuriantly^ 
 and fruits do well. 
 
HUNTSVILLE. 243 
 
 A IVTODEL KARM 
 
 Stock; Raising in Nladison County. 
 
 Details op a Visit to the Farm of Winston F. Garth, 
 Esq., near the City. 
 
 On Monday afternoon last a Mercury reporter drove out to the stock farm of Winston 
 F. Garth, Esq., about two miles south of the city, on the Whitesburg turnpike. 
 
 We saw his broad acres of wheat changing from green to gold, and gently swaying in the 
 breeze of a glorious June afternoon. In addition to wheat he also has planted oats, rye, and 
 barley, besides clover, orchard grass, herds grass and timothy. His crops of timothy and 
 barley will be a surprise to many who have labored under the delusion that these crops 
 ■could not be profitably raised in this county. Last year the yield of timothy was two and 
 & half tons to the acre and forty bushels of barley, 
 
 We were informed by Mr. Garth that the crop of timothy matures after all other grasses 
 and grains are harvested. This itself should be an incentive in raising diversified crops. 
 
 SOME VALAUBLE STOCK. 
 
 Like all sensible men, Mr. Garth is a lover of fine thoroughbred horses, and at the time of 
 ■our visit we found no less than twenty-two brood mares in a pasture sown with orchard 
 grass and clover. He is the owner of two noted blooded stallions, Rockdale and Middleton, 
 the former a twelve-year-old of fine pedigree and pure stock. The latter is a four-year-old, 
 perfect in form and clear color, and carries in his veins the best trotting blood of this 
 country. 
 
 Among some very valuable blooded stock which he purchased in Kentucky soma time 
 ago, we noticed Conviction, a bay filly, one year old, out of Onward, by George Wilkes; 
 first dam. Lady Alice, by Almont Jr. ; second dam, Lady Mambrino, by Mambrino Chief ; 
 third dam, by Gray Eagle. Mr. Garth was offered 81,000 for Conviction before putting her on 
 the cars in Kentucky. 
 
 We also noticed Alabama, a one-year-old filly, by McCurdy's Hambletonian, dam by 
 Almont Jr. Also Vanity, a two-year-old filly by Van Loo, out of Lizzie Walker. 
 
 We saw at the stables a handsome two-year-old sorrel filly, Fannie Wilkes, by Fayette 
 Wilkes, first dam by Black Prince ; second, by Black Hawk ; and also a handsome chestnut 
 filly, two years old, Minnie Brown, by Strathmore ; first dam, Dinah, by Forest King; second 
 dam, by Ed. Forrest. Both were superb and perfect specimens of horseflesh. 
 
 It will be seen from this list of young ones that he has three of the best trotting breeds 
 known, viz : Wilkes, Almont and Hambletonian, the kings of the turf.— Huntsville Daily 
 Mercury, June 6, 1888. 
 
 p RICE OF LANDS 
 
 The average price is about ten dollars per acre, but the value is increasing. 
 Lands have been and are selling for twenty-five to one hundred dollars per acre. 
 As eve ry where else the price depends on locality, and proximity to railroads 
 and the city. The character is red clay subsoil, with a limestone foundation, 
 except in the river bottoms. 
 
EGATaR. 
 
 Alabama is the ideal mining and manufacturing district of the United 
 "States. In geographical position, natural resources and climate it has no 
 peer in this section of the globe. To the east, to the west, the north, and 
 through the Gulf to the Gulf ports, and to that vast expanse of country 
 :SOuth, and on to Central and South America looks Alabama from its central 
 position as the fields for her future vast commercial transactions. But Nature 
 gave it more than position. Within its bosom is locked vast mineral treasures, 
 so great indeed that they are jjractically inexhaustible. The black diamond, 
 the greatest leverage power of the world, sleeps here in quantities greater by 
 three times than all of the bituminous or semi-bituminous coals of the State of 
 Pennsylvania. Here again, by its side, another civilizer of the world reclines in 
 Tobust beauty and grand proportions which make its fellow iron deposits in other 
 ;States feel dismay at their littleness. But this is not all. The Alabama of to-day 
 is but the stripling just awakening from a long slumber. It is now realizing 
 •what a power it is within itself, with its minerals, its cotton, its timber and its 
 agricultural resources. 
 
 I 
 
 OCATION 
 
 Even as Alabama is specially favored among the sisterhood of States, so 
 :are certain sections of the State and certain localities in those sections more 
 iavored by natural and artificial causes than others. Adjoining the mineral 
 region in Northern Alabama, on the banks of the beautiful Tennessee, and at 
 the intersection of several trunk railroads, is Decatur. Here, indeed, may 
 "well be said to be one of the most favored localities for a great manufacturing 
 ■city. It is situated twenty-five miles south of the northern line of the State 
 ^nd nearly equi-distant from the eastern and western boundary lines. 
 
 Owing to Decatur's geographical position and her railroad connections, it 
 is the natural gateway of Alabama. All the travel and all the traffic from or 
 ito the North must pass through this city. 
 
 It lies almost midway between other growing cities — Nashville on the 
 north, Birmingham and Montgomery on the south, Memphis on the west, 
 ;and Chattanooga on the east. 
 
 Although connected with all these cities by rail, they are not close 
 •enough to make formidable rivals for the large wholesale trade given by the 
 territory adjacent to Decatur. 
 
 17 
 
Decatur, 247 
 
 ALTITUDE, CLIMATE 
 
 Decatur is about 600 feet above the sea-level. Its elevation is greater than 
 most of the cities north of us on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, as the Ten- 
 nessee has a fall below this point of some 150 feet through the Mussel Shoals, 
 and then flows north for some 500 miles and empties at length into the Ohio 
 River, through which its waters reach the Mississippi and the Gulf. Thus 
 this country in Northern Alabama is an elevated plateau considerably above 
 the level of the Ohio River Valley. In fact, Decatur lies at the very apex of 
 the watershed between the Gulf of Mexico and the Ohio. From this point 
 all the streams flow toward the north and empty into the Ohio River. Some 
 twelve miles south, as soon as the basin of the Tennessee is passed, the streams 
 flow to the south and empty into the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Hence, Decatur is on the highest ridge of country between the Ohio River 
 and the Gulf of Mexico. It is on this account that the summers here are cool 
 and pleasant, and the city is free from those miasmatic influences that afl"ect 
 cities on a lower level. 
 
 The climate is not oppressive either in summer or winter. During the 
 hot spell of July, 1887, while the mercury was above 100° in the States north 
 of the Ohio River, it was in the nineties at Decatur. There were no nights 
 during this peiiod that were not cool and pleasant. 
 
 While the summers are so comparatively pleasant the winters are far 
 more delightful. There is no weather as cold and disagreeable as in the 
 months of March and April in the Northern States. Wild flowers bloom and 
 the trees put forth buds and leaves in February, There are no heavy snows, 
 no freezing winds, no extreme alternations of heat and cold which wear out 
 the strongest systems in colder climates. Potatoes and other early vegetables 
 are planted in January and February, and mature and come into market about 
 the time people are making their gardens in the North. These facts will be 
 borne out by every one who has lived here long enough to be thoroughly 
 informed in the matter. 
 
 J|EALTHFULNESS 
 
 That this is a very healthful climate is sufficiently attested by the mortuary 
 statistics as well as by the experience of old residents. The altitude of this 
 section secures it from all malarial or miasmatic diseases. During the summer 
 of 1887 the country in and around Decatur was remarkably healthy. There 
 was very little sickness of any kind, and none of the diseases produced by 
 heat in the North made their appearance here. The death rate for years has 
 not exceeded an average, of blacks and whites, of fourteen deaths in 1,000 
 inhabitants. There are few localities in the United States that can make so 
 good a showing in this regard. It may be mentioned that within a few miles 
 of here are mountain resorts, where as cool a climate as may be desired can 
 be found in summer. There are delightful places for pleasure seekers as well 
 as grateful homes for invalids. 
 
Decatur. 249 
 
 POPULATION 
 
 Among the rapidly growing towns of North Alabama none has made 
 such rapid growth in the same length of time as Decatur. The increase in 
 population has been phenomenal. In January, 1S87, the population was 
 1,200, and one year later (January, 1888) it was 6,000, or five hundred per cent, 
 increase in one year. The population now (July, 1888) is 7,500. People 
 from all parts of the Union have been attracted here on account of the climate, 
 great mineral wealth, and the manifold opportunities and advantages the place 
 oflPers, both as a .home and a mercantile and manufacturing center. Those 
 who are already here are sober, industrious, and have come to stay. 
 
 The business men are wide-awake, full of energy and enterprise, and are 
 possessed of that spirit of push and pull so characteristic of Americans of the 
 present day. 
 
 W 
 
 ATER SUPPLY— DRAINAGE 
 
 A magnificent system of waterworks — one of the finest in the South — is 
 being completed. The works will cost $200,000. The supply will come direct 
 from the Tennessee Eiver, a stream supplied by mountain springs of pure, 
 cool water. Mains have been laid in all the principal streets, both in the old 
 town and the new addition. This supply, with an easy and perfect natural 
 drainage, supplemented with an admirable sewerage system, will make 
 Decatur one of the cleanest and most healthful of cities. 
 
 Under the direction of Capt. Barrett, the well-known landscape engineer, 
 the residence portion of the city has been laid out with a view to beauty, 
 comfort and recreation. The streets, avenues and drives are broad and are 
 dotted at intervals with beautiful parks. The natural features, so picturesque 
 and beautiful, have been utilized in such a way as will make Decatur as noted 
 for its {esthetic features as it will be as a manufacturing center. 
 
 The system of sewerage and drainage is being put in under the direction 
 of Sanitary Engineer Geo. E. Waring. This will contribute to make Decatur 
 what it will be — one of the healthiest cities in the South. 
 
 R 
 
 AILWAY SYSTEM AND SHIPPING FACILITIES 
 
 The main lines of the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia (Memphis & 
 Charleston Road) and the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, the two most 
 important trunk lines in the South, cross at this point. They are com- 
 petitors for freight to all points, North, South, East and West. This makes 
 Decatur one of tlie most favoraljle points for competition in freight rates, and 
 insures the lowest rates to all places reached by these lines. 
 
Decatur. 251 
 
 In addition to these great trunk lines of road, the Rome & Decatur Rail- 
 Toad, from Rome, Georgia, northwest to Decatur, is being rapidly built, and 
 ■will soon be completed. 
 
 Charters for two other roads have been obtained, one running southwest 
 to Aberdeen, Mississippi, to connect with the Illinois Central system, the 
 other running South and West to Selma, Alabama, to connect with the Mobile 
 <& Ohio at Columbus, Mississippi. 
 
 T 
 
 HE RIVER 
 
 The Tennessee River is navigable all the year round, and after the com- 
 pletion this fall of the works at Mussel Shoals it will be lined with boats of 
 large size engaged in carrying the productions of the valley to market. With 
 navigation once opened down the Tennessee to its mouth, raw material can be 
 landed at Decatur at a minimum price and her manufactured articles shipped 
 at low rates to good markets. 
 
 Decatur will then have direct water transportation to the Ohio and Mis- 
 sissippi Rivers, and all the markets these great arteries of commerce open. It 
 is strictly within the bounds of truth to say that Decatur can then send its 
 products by water, in unbroken bulk, to St. Paul on the North, New Orleans 
 on the South, to Cincinnati on the East, and Kansas City on the West. 
 
 Thus, the river advantages give Decatur not only a means of landing raw 
 material at its doors at a very low cost, but of transportation for its manufac- 
 tured articles in bulk to the best markets in the country. 
 
 With the competition of railroads and river a low schedule of freights 
 will always be maintained. The railroads crossing at Decatur are building 
 branch roads through the manufacturing districts of the city, and these, with 
 the belt road soon to be constructed, will afford manufacturers the best pos- 
 sible facilities for shipments. On the Tennessee River wharf boats will be 
 made, thus adding every advantage afibrded by the riven for freight and 
 passenger transportation. 
 
 The Memphis & Charleston Railroad Company are now erecting at the 
 foot of Bank street an elevator for the transfer of freight from the steamboats 
 to the railroads, which, with more than twenty miles of switch tracks connect- 
 ing the various manufacturing concerns now located here, makes this one of 
 the most convenient places to handle freight in large quantities in the South, 
 
 C 
 
 HURCHES— SCHOOLS 
 
 Decatur offers better religious advantages than is usual with towns of the 
 same size. The Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopal, Congregational and 
 Catholic; denominations are represented, and have comfortable houses of worship. 
 There are a number of excellent private schools for boys and girls, young 
 ladies and young men. The method of instruction is thorough, and, in many 
 respects, more advantageous than that of public-school instruction. The moral 
 
FUKNACKS IN CUUllSE UK CONSTKUCTIUN. 
 
Decatur. 253 
 
 and physical development of pupils receives attention as well as the intel- 
 lectual. Pupils are afforded the advantages of a good common or high- 
 school education, and are prepared to enter, when the curriculum is com- 
 pleted, the junior class of any Southern college. Tuition is low and within 
 the reach of the humblest mechanic. 
 
 R 
 
 EAL ESTATE 
 
 Property is cheaper at Decatur than in most of the new cities in the iron 
 and coal belt. Notwithstanding the unprecedented " boom " of last year 
 prices never reached the fabulous sums asked in other places. Good, centrally 
 located business property sells from $50 to $100 per front foot. A few corner 
 lots, admirably located, have commanded higher prices. Unimproved resi- 
 dence property brings, according to location, from $5 to $20 per front foot. 
 There are here many beautiful sites for homes which can be purchased cheap 
 and on reasonable terms. If inquired into it will be found that real estate in 
 Decatur is reasonably low, lower than is warranted by the city's prospective 
 future, and lower now than it will ever be again. 
 
 J^ENTS— COST OF LIVING 
 
 There was an overwhelming demand for houses twelve months ago, the 
 demand being far in excess of the supply. This condition of affairs, however, 
 was only temporarv, and the pressure on property owners has been consider- 
 ably relieved by the erection of a large number of new stores and dwellings. 
 Stores, 25 X 100 feet, located in the business center, rent from $75 to $200 per 
 month. Seven to ten-room residences rent from $35 to $75 per month, accord- 
 ing to location, proximity to street railroad, etc. Three to five-room cottages 
 rent from $5 to $12 per month, and single rooms unfurnished at$2 to $7, accord- 
 ing to location. Board can be secured at $3.50 to $7 per week, and at the 
 hotels for $10 per week. 
 
 N 
 
 ATURAL WEALTH 
 
 Situated right in the heart of a rich mineral country, at the edge of an 
 immense bed of coal of unsurpassed coking quality, and in close proximity to 
 limestone formations equally available, it has the additional advantage of 
 almost boundless forests of pine in the Tennessee Valley. Thus the manu- 
 facture of pig iron, either by the charcoal or coke process, can be here carried 
 on with an economy and to an extent not exceeded by any other point. 
 
 Near to Decatur is found the best of limestone, out of which lime is made 
 at a low cost. Asphalt of an excellent quality has been discovered a few 
 

 ^ 
 
 - 1 . .., .. .A n . g-t I , Jl ii„i, 1 ,1 LtiLjiii. u. | i A . il...ii..«liiiiJty-|^^ \ • 
 
Decatur. 255 
 
 miles from the city. This is remarkably pure, containing only 18 per cent of 
 sand and foreign substances. Building stone of the best quality is abundant. 
 Fine marbles and granites are found on the Tennessee Eiver a few miles above 
 Decatur. These are of every variety and can be brought down the river to 
 Decatur at little expense. The finest quality of sand for glass making is also 
 found in great quantities in the neighborhood. Manganese is found on the 
 Company's land in paying quantities. Clay is also found here for the man- 
 ufacture of the finest quality of molded and pressed brick, equal to those 
 made at Philadelphia. Earth for the manufacture of all kinds of terra-cotta 
 work is also found in abundance. 
 
 While the manufacture of pig iron is so important an industry, what the 
 South needs at this time is not so much the means of increasing her produc- 
 tion of this iron, but more foundries, forges, rolling mills and iron-working 
 manufactories to use the increased amount of iron she will produce. Manu- 
 factures to consume the pig iron at home are the real want, and to these 
 Decatur offers inducements broad and liberal. The South will soon cease to 
 send so much pig iron North, while buying from there its stoves, wagons, 
 plows, shovels, agricultural machinery and engines, all of which are entirely or 
 partly composed of iron in its advanced forms. 
 
 rOTTON AND OTHER MANUFACTURES 
 
 From what has been previously said it will be seen that Decatur is admir- 
 ably situated for an iron-manufacturing city. It is equally well suited for 
 other manufactures. It lies in the heart of a very rich cotton country, and 
 the new road to the Southwest will open up the richest cotton belt in Missis- 
 sippi. With the raw material so near at hand, fuel in abundance at our 
 doors, and with such exceptional advantages as a distributing point, there is 
 no reason why cotton cannot be largely manufactured here. The cotton 
 mills in this vallej' which have heretofore been in operation, are exceed- 
 ingly prosperous. They declare yearly dividends of from 20 to 40 per cent. 
 
 There is grand openii'ig here for conducting tobacco and cigar manufac- 
 tories, and especially is this point advantageous for all the varied manu- 
 facturers of wooden products, which now are made from high-priced timber, 
 and shipped all over the South from the North and East. The abundance 
 and cheapness of the timber along the Tennessee River makes the cost of stock 
 for such manufactories merely nominal. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES 
 
 Decatur is situated in the center of the cereal belt of the State and in the 
 midst of the finest farming lands of the World — certainly not surpassed by 
 any section in the whole South. The alluvial and mulatto clay lands of the 
 Tennessee Valley extend east and west for a distance of sixty miles, while we 
 are within thirty miles of the grain-growing and blue-grass regions of Middle 
 Tennessee. 
 
Decatur. 257 
 
 The rainfall of Alabama averages about forty-five inches annually, and is 
 so evenly distributed throughout the State that irrigation is not required at 
 all. 
 
 The lands in this valley produce the very finest blue grass, clover, wheat, 
 ■corn, oats, grasses, garden products, cotton and tobacco. 
 
 An analysis is shown that the soil contains every mineral ingredient neces- 
 sary to make it a most fertile and strong land. It only needs proper cultiva- 
 tion and the addition to the soil of vegetable matter to make these lands 
 exceptionally productive. There are fields in this neighborhood that produce 
 over two and one-half tons of clover to the acre, and it can all be made to pro- 
 duce nearly as well. All kinds of fruit grow here— apples, plums, peaches, 
 pears, and all the smaller fruits. 
 
 To sustain the iron industry, Decatur, then, has adjacent to her such agri- 
 cultural resources as can meet the wants of the iron workers. The dependence 
 of a manufacturing district upon the surroundingcountry for food, especially 
 green crops, fruits, eggs, poultry, etc., is usually overlooked, " yet it is this 
 dependence," says Hon. W. D. Kelley, -'that interests farmers in the wdclest 
 possible diversification of manufacturing industries as the only sure means of 
 providing cheap wares and fabrics for themselves and their dependents, and a 
 neighboring market for such of their productions as are perishable, or will not 
 bear distant transportation." 
 
 pMBER AND LUMBER 
 
 Adjacent to Decatur is a wealth of the finest timber in the world. The 
 supply of oak, w^alnut, poplar, ash, cherry and red gum will exceed for 
 many years the facilities for manufacturing it into lumber. The Louisville & 
 Nashville Railroad penetrates the long leaf pine regions, and the new roads 
 now being located will develop the most extensive pineries of Alabama and 
 Mississippi, and make their stores of timber accessible to Decatur. For years 
 she has been one of the largest hard-wood producing centers in the South, 
 and is destined to be the greatest lumber manufacturing point in this section 
 of the United States, insuring for years all kinds of wood material for manu- 
 facturers at a minimum cost. 
 
 Land covered with virgin forests of the finest timber can be bought at from 
 -$2 to $15 per acre. This land when cleared makes fine farming land, while 
 the timber more than pays for clearing and first cost. Other lands underlaid 
 with beds of coal and iron can be bought in large tracts at equally low prices. 
 Improved farms can be bought at from $5 to $25 per acre, the price depend- 
 ing upon the improvements on the land. 
 

A. 
 
 Decatur. 259. 
 
 RECORD OF PROGRESS 
 
 The Decatur Land, Improvement and Furnace Company was organized 
 on the 11th day of January of last year. Since that time there have been com- 
 menced the following enterprises : 
 
 The Louisville & Nashville Railroad have located at Decatur their consoli- 
 dated car construction and repair shops, and the buildings will be com- 
 pleted by October 1 for these works. It is estimated that they will employ 
 1,000 men and add four thousand to the population. These works occupy 
 fifty-seven acres, and will cost $300,000 for the buildings alone. 
 
 The United States Rolling Stock Company is now building an immense 
 plant here for manufacturing railway cars, and will remove its entire plant 
 from Urbana, Ohio, to Decatur. The works here will occupy fifty acres of 
 land, and it is estimated will employ 1,000 skilled mechanics, besides a large 
 number of ordinary laborers. This is one of the largest rolling stock compa- 
 nies in the world, manufacturing both freight and passenger cars, including 
 car wheels, and everything incident to the rolling stock of a railroad. The 
 capital stock of the Company has been recently increased from $3,000,000 to 
 $4,000,000. Cost of buildings at Decatur, $1,000,000. 
 
 Charcoal Company's plant, costing $120,000. 
 
 A 70-ton charcoal ii-on furnace, costing $100,000. 
 
 The Decatur Iron Bridge and Construction Company ; cost, $100,000. 
 
 The Car-Wheel Foundry ; cajjacity, 100 wheels per day ; cost of plant, 
 $60,000. 
 
 Southern Horseshoe Nail Factory, 60 mechanics; capital, $100,000. 
 
 The American Oak Extract Company's plant, costing $60,000. 
 
 Ivens & Son's Steam Boiler and Engine Works, costing $100,000. 
 
 Morse's Cotton Compress plant, costing $75,000. 
 
 Decatur Lumber Company, Saw and Planing INIills, costing $50,000. 
 
 Berthard & Company, Sash, Door and Blind Factory. 
 
 The Decatur Street Railway, 
 
 The Telephone Company. 
 
 Decatur Building and Supply Company. 
 
 Brush Electric Light Company. 
 
 Jervis Manufacturing Company ; cost, $25,000. 
 
 Rowland & Co's. Waterworks System, costing $300,000. 
 
 Blymyer Artificial Ice Company ; cost, $10,000. 
 
 Six mammoth brick yards. 
 
 Arantz Brothers' Mills and Lumber Yards. 
 
 Grant & Company's Furniture Factory. 
 
 Southern Lumber Company 
 
 H. S. Freeman's Mills and Lumber Yards. 
 
 First National Bank ; capital, $100,000. 
 
 The Exchange Bank of Decatur ; capital, $100,000. 
 
 Buchheit's Bottling Works. 
 
 Decatur Printing Company. 
 
Decatur. 261 
 
 One daily and three weekly papers. 
 
 The Artificial Stone Company. 
 
 The Decatur Plumbing Company. 
 
 A stock company is now erecting a block on Second avenue to contain six 
 stores, and an opera house, which will be a magnificent four-story structure. 
 Fifty-seven brick business houses have been erected within a little over a 
 year, and eleven more are in process of erection, and also a large number of 
 frame storehouses have been built. Since the tide of emigration commenced 
 flowing into Deeatur over 2,000 residences and cottages have been erected, and 
 it is a significant fact that notwithstanding many at this season of the year are 
 away on vacation, or at the various summer resorts, nearly all of these houses 
 are occupied, and paying a handsome rental. 
 
 The Decatur Land, Improvement & Furnace Company have erected and 
 furnished a magnificent hotel, called " The Tavern," at a cost of .$140,000, 
 with capacity for 125 guests, and is now being run under the management of 
 that genial host, Mr. J. Reed, in splendid style, and giving universal 
 satisfaction. 
 
 There are a large number of enterprises under negotiation, for which con- 
 tracts are not signed. 
 
 The Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company handle daily in their yard 
 here, 640 cars — 360 going South and 280 North. They employ eighty-five men, 
 and pay out to their employees the sum of $6,000 permonth. 
 
 The Memphis & Charleston Railroad Company handle on an averge 150 
 to 200 cars daily. They employ fourteen men, and pay out in wages $720 per 
 month. 
 
 There are three band saws for the manufacture of all kinds of lumber. 
 The daily output from these mills averages 60,000 feet, which is promptly 
 shipped to Eastern markets. Employed at mills and on the river getting out 
 logs about 100 men, and pay out in wages and for stock, $3,500 per month. 
 
 H. S. Freeman's circular saw mill, with a daily output of 15,000 feet, 
 handles yearly 2,500,000 shingles, and almost innumerable quantities of laths. 
 This Company owns and operates a steamboat to handle the immense business. 
 
 R 
 
 ECAPITULATION- 
 
 A WORD TO HOMESEEKERS 
 
 As a place of residence Decatur has many advantages. It is healthful, 
 possessed of inexhaustible mineral wealth in the outlying district, is in the 
 midst of the finest farming and grazing country in the South ; is easily acces- 
 sible by rail from all directions; possesses in a greater degree than any other 
 town in North Alabama the combined advantages of land and water transpor- 
 tation, in short, is an embryo city, with a great future, where investors can buy 
 with confident anticipation of rapid enhancement in value. 
 
 Its location is high, being on the apex of the watershed, which divides the 
 waters that flow into the Mississippi River from those that flow directly south 
 18 
 
262 North Alabama. 
 
 into the Gulf. It possesses a mild and invigorating climate, for it is too far 
 South to feel the severity' of Northern -winters, and too far North to feel the 
 enervating effects of Southern summers; the school facilities are excellent; 
 housekeepers have here all the comforts and conveniences of city life, water, 
 telephone, electric light, etc. 
 
 Those who contemplate building here can do so at less expense than any- 
 where else in the State. This is owing to the cheapness of building material 
 and reasonable price asked for labor. The forests, where abound all kinds of 
 woods, are near by, and the numerous saw and planing mills in and near the 
 city make it desirable for those who wish to improve property. Brick and 
 building stone are also obtainable at moderate prices. 
 
 Taxes are light, as are also insurance rates. The new water system will 
 almost entirely dispense with the necessity of fire engines. 
 
 Brick can be purchased from $5 to $7 per thousand, delivered in the city. 
 
 CONCLUSION 
 
 In this brief statement of the manifold advantages and resources of " The 
 Chicago of the South," no endeavor has been made to draw a " fancy picture." 
 The true business man ivants facts ; the thorough business man will investigate 
 those facts. Decatur invites inspection. Her present is not the day dream of 
 spectators — although dawning in splendor above the clouds of her long sleep, 
 the brightness is but the reflection of a more beautiful and brilliant futui-e, 
 which, though hidden, sends its cheering rays as the gnomer of its coming. 
 
s 
 
 Decatur. 263 
 
 ECRETARY'S REPORT 
 
 ^TO THE DIRECTORS AND STOCKHOLDERS OF THE DECATUR 
 LAND, IMPROVEMENT AND FURNACE COMPANY. 
 
 New Decatur, Alabama, July 10, 1888. 
 
 Gentlemen : Herewith I hand you statements showing the condition of 
 the Company according to the books on July 1, 1888, as follows : 
 Exhibit A. Balance sheet July 1, 1888. 
 
 do B. Assets and liabilities, omitting capital stock, 
 do C. Capital stock issued and outstanding, 
 do D. Real estate purchases to July 1, 1888. 
 do E. Real estate on hand unsold. 
 
 In Exhibit B, I have omitted capital stock, and shown the cost of real 
 estate on hand at its cash cost, or the equivalent of stock at twenty cents on 
 the dollar. In exhibits C, D, E, I have also shown the cash equivalent of all 
 stock at twenty cents on the dollar. This was done to simplify the accounts. 
 
 On the books (as shown by the balance sheet), capital stock account has 
 "been credited with the exact amount of stock issued and outstanding at this 
 -date, at par. Real estate account has also been charged with the stock at par. 
 The gross sales of real estate, $953,850, have been credited to that account. 
 The discount of fifty per cent, on stock paid in on deferred payment ($153,- 
 ■576), reduces the gross sales to $877,062.50 net. 
 
 The discrepancy between real estate and capital stock accounts in my 
 l)alance sheet on the one hand, and in statements published previous to my 
 •election as Secretary, May 26, 1888, on the other, arises from the fact that an 
 -amount of capital stock originally intended to be issued had been entered on 
 the books, instead of the actual issues as they occurred. This I had to correct. 
 
 The treasury stock, $2,500,000, having been retired and not issued, does 
 not appear on the books. As soon as canceled by the legislature, the author- 
 ized capital stock will be reduced to five millions. 
 
 I have added to the floating liabilities in Exhibit B, liabilities already con- 
 tracted but not on the books, and an estimate of other expenditures for the 
 remainder of the year. The total includes bonuses, cost of completing the 
 -Company's cottages, balance on contract for the furnace, balance on advertis- 
 ing contracts, interest on bills payable not matured, and an estimate of regu- 
 lar monthly expenses. 
 
 Your attention is called to the fact that, in Exhibit B, the asset of real 
 ■estate on hand unsold is given at the actual cash cost, $590,045.15. Of course 
 no prospective profits appear on the books. An inventory, however, of the 
 unsold land. Exhibit E, shows that at a reasonable estimated valuation it would 
 .amount to $3,745,645.42. The lots have been appraised, for safety, at their 
 lowest present market value, which is one million dollars less than the Com- 
 pany's prices as originally established. The unimproved Decatur land has 
 been appraised at the low figure of $250 per acre ; and the mineral and timber 
 lands at cost only, because, being as yet undeveloped, no estimate can be 
 anade of their true value. Respectfully submitted, 
 
 J.H. DOWLAND, Secretary. 
 
264 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 BALANCE SHEET JULY 1, 1888. 
 
 Real estate account $3,302,388.97 
 
 Improvements 84,410.53 
 
 BnildiiiKS 330,442.15 
 
 Materials on band 7,004.24 
 
 Switches and sidings 18,972.04 
 
 Personal property 34,936.88 
 
 Notes receivable 463,831 .81 
 
 Accounts collectible 49,710.04 
 
 Stock investments 4.000.00 
 
 Capital stock paid in for lots 153,575.00 
 
 W. W. Littlejobn, treasurer (bank balance) 14,435.83 
 
 Petty casli (cash on band) 130.15 
 
 Expense accounts 131,000.44 
 
 Bonuses 63,115.89 
 
 Projected enterprises 13,927.69 
 
 Real estate donations 11,047.23 
 
 $4,689,588.8^ 
 
 CREDITS. 
 
 Capital stock $4,565,950 00 
 
 Notes payable 71,931.01 
 
 Accounts payable 20,358.78 
 
 Rentals 5,699.75 
 
 Interest 25,648,35 
 
 $4,689,588.89' 
 
 ASSETS AND LIABILITIES JULY 1, 1888. 
 
 Omitting Capital Stock. 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 Real estate on hand unsold (cost in cash) $590,045.15 
 
 Buildings 336,442.15 
 
 Materials 7,064.24 
 
 Switches and sidings 18,972.04 
 
 Personal property 34,936.88 
 
 Notes receivable 463,831.81 
 
 Accounts collectible 49,710.04 
 
 Stock investments 4,000.00 
 
 Cash on hand 14,565.98 
 
 Total on books 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Notes payable $71,931 01 
 
 Accounts payable 20,359.78 
 
 Total on books $92,290.79 
 
 Liabilities contracted and estimated for the balance 
 
 of the year, not on books 170,429.20 
 
 Excess of assets over liabilities, excluding stock 
 
 $1,519,568.29" 
 
 $262,719.99' 
 
 $1,256,848.30 
 
Decatur. 
 
 265 
 
 CAPITAL STOCK ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING JULY 1, , 1888. 
 
 No. 
 ■Shares. 
 
 ISSUED TO WHOM. 
 
 Par 
 
 Value. 
 
 Cash Value 
 at 20 Cts, 
 
 10,7131 
 
 E. C. Gordon and associates 
 
 $1,071,375.00 
 
 $214,275.00 
 
 529 
 
 E. C. Gordon, balance due 
 
 52,900.00 
 
 10,580.00 
 
 500 
 
 Echols & Skeggs 
 
 50,000.00 
 
 10,000.00 
 
 90 
 
 T. J. Owens 
 
 9,00000 
 
 1,800.00 
 
 1,122} 
 
 E. C. Gordon 
 
 112,225.00 
 
 22,445.00 
 
 .32,704^ 
 
 Cash subscribers 
 
 3,270,450.00 
 
 654,090.00 
 
 
 $4,565,950.00 
 
 $913,190.00 
 
 REAL ESTATE PURCHASES TO JULY 1, 1888. 
 
 Lands in Decatur: 
 
 Acres. 
 4,999.36 
 
 304.75 
 
 2. 
 140. 
 
 5. 
 
 5,451.11 
 
 FROM WHOM. 
 
 E. C. Gordon and associates 
 
 E. C. Gordon (balance due) 
 
 Echols & Skeggs 
 
 C. C. Sheets 
 
 T. J. Owens 
 
 R. F. Mayes (see below) 
 
 Shares 
 Stock 
 Issued. 
 
 10,713| 
 529 
 500 
 
 " "96 
 
 Cash 
 Paid. 
 
 $214,225.00 
 
 100,000.00 
 
 4,000.00 
 
 300.00 
 
 1,875.00 
 
 
 11,8321 
 
 $320,400.00 
 
 Lands in Tennessee: 
 .17,994.75 E. C. Gordon 
 
 Lands in Murphree's Valley, Alabama: 
 2,344.70 C. G. Drown & Co. (one-half interest) 
 
 Lands in Decatur : 
 
 R. F. Mayes (bal. due him; paid in lots) 
 
 1 122} 
 
 $22,492.80 
 
 16,020.90 
 
 3,125.00 
 
 RECAPITULATION : 
 
 Xands in Decatur — 11,832| shares stock, equal to 
 " " cash payments 
 
 " Tennessee — 1,122} shares stock, equal to 
 " " cash payments 
 
 " Murphree's Valley — cash payments 
 " Decatur — Value of lots transferred to Mayes 
 
 Total (stock reduced to cash value) 
 
 $2.36,6.55.00 
 
 320,400.00 
 
 22,455.00 
 
 22,492.80 
 
 16,020.90 
 
 3,125.00 
 
 $621,138.70 
 
266 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 REAL ESTATE ON HAND UNSOLD JULY 1 [1888. 
 
 Cost in 
 Cash. 
 
 $ 38,988.55 
 
 378,693.34 
 
 2,029.61 
 
 4,059.22 
 
 15,225.40 
 
 90,090.33 
 
 $529,086.45 
 44,937.80 
 16,020.90 
 
 ,045.15 
 
 Acres. LOCATION. 
 
 256.85 In New Decatur ; platted 
 3,084.75 " " not platted 
 
 19.75 Lots in Decatur 
 
 39.50 In New Decatur; in sidings 
 100.50 " " in parks 
 
 593.50 '' " in streets 
 
 4,694.85 Total in Decatur and New Decatur 
 
 17,994.75 In Tennessee 
 
 2,344.70 In Murpbree's Valley, Ala. (^ int.) 
 
 Total on hand unsold, July 1, 1888, 
 
 Estimated 
 Present Value. . 
 
 $2,682,500.00- 
 
 921.187.50 
 
 76,940.00 
 
 4,059.22 
 
 5,684,686.72 
 44,937.80 
 10,020.90 
 
 5,745,645.42 
 
 Report of the Auditing Committee to the Stockholders of the Decatur 
 Land, Improvement and Furnace Company. 
 
 Decatur, Alabama, July 10, 1885. 
 We, tbe auditing committee appointed by the stockholders of the Decatur 
 Land, Improvement and Furnace Company at their last annual meeting, beg 
 leave to submit the following report : 
 
 We have examined the books, accounts, vouchers, stock books and con- 
 tracts of the Company to June 1st, 1888, and find them correct according to 
 the books and the statements herewith submitted. We have also examined' 
 the books, accounts and vouchers of the treasurer to July 1, 1888, and find 
 them correct. Respectfully submitted, 
 
 J. J. Barclay, 
 H. A. Skeggs, 
 J. R. Boyd, 
 
 Committee^ 
 
.^■II'K^e 
 
 ^'^iii^'' ■'■iir,~^;ss\ N 
 
 Sketches of Prominent Firms— Merchants, Manufac- 
 turers, Real Estate Agents, Etc. 
 
 Land Company. 
 
 DECATUR LAND, IMPROVEMENT 
 AND FURNACE COMPANY.— The De- 
 catur Land, Improvement and Furnace 
 Company was organized on the 11th of 
 January, 1887. This corporation has 
 been more instrumental in promoting 
 the interests of Decatur than any other 
 agency. The following well-known gen- 
 tlemen compose the Board of Directors 
 and officers: Major E C. Gordon, of 
 Georgia, President ; Judge H. G. Bond, 
 of New York State, Vice-President ; W. 
 T. Mulligan, Secretary, born in Decatur ; 
 W. W. Littlejohn, Treasurer. The Di- 
 rectors are : John D. Roquemore, Pres- 
 ident of Decatur Exchange Bank ; Jas. 
 F. Wooten, Vice-President Columbia 
 Banking Company, Columbia, Tennes- 
 see ; H. A. Haralson, Secretary and 
 Treasurer of Mathews Cotton Mills at 
 Selma, Alabama ; John F. Flournoy, 
 Vice-President of the Midland Railway 
 Company, Columbus, Georgia ; Breck- 
 enridge Jones, of St. Louis, Missouri ; 
 J. R. Stevens, President of the Hunts- 
 ville National Bank ; C. C. Harris, Pres- 
 ident of the First National Bank, De- 
 catur. 
 
 This company was the first land com- 
 pany organized in Decatur, and is the 
 largest, wealthiest, and most influential 
 in the State, its capital stock being 
 $5,000,000. The Company has several 
 thousand acres of the finest land, in and 
 around Decatur, for sale, as well as resi- 
 dence and business lots. The manage- 
 ment of the Company invites to Decatur 
 particularly, rolling mills, foundries, 
 machine shops, stove works, horse shoe 
 works, nut and bolt works, agricultural 
 implement works, furniture factories, 
 cotton mills, flouring mills, all kinds of 
 iron and woodworking industries, and, 
 in fine, every kind of productive indus- 
 try. Correspondence is solicited. Lib- 
 eral arrangements and terms will be 
 
 made with parties who intend locating 
 industries here. All those who come to 
 Decatur in the future will receive the 
 same liberal encouragement that has 
 been given the establishments already 
 located here. This Company, from its 
 very organization, has been an object of 
 special note, not only on account of its 
 long connection with business pursuits, 
 and its pre-eminence in all matters of 
 Ijublic enterprise connected with the 
 city, but also for the unflinching integ- 
 rity and energy always displayed by its 
 officers and directors. 
 
 Insurance. 
 
 THE MERCHANTS' INSURANCE 
 COMPANY. — The prime importance and 
 value of insurance is now a recognized 
 principle of business life, and no sagac- 
 ious and prudent property owner thinks 
 of neglecting what has grown to be, not 
 merely a necessity, but a duty. The 
 prudent man who reads this article will 
 at once coincide with us in this view, a 
 view which can only be mentioned, in a 
 work of this character, but not elabor- 
 ated. 
 
 There is not another city in the State 
 the size of Decatur that can boast of its 
 own insurance company. In the organ- 
 ization and establishment of the Mer- 
 chants' Insurance Company, April 7, 
 1887, Decatur took the initiative in a 
 step that should have been taken long 
 ago by older Southern cities, and which 
 is an example eminently worthy of imi- 
 tation. From time immemorial Northern 
 and foreign capital have monopolized in- 
 surance companies, and Southern peo- 
 ple have paid tribute to enrich the owners 
 of already well-filled coffers. If the im- 
 mense amount of money annually paid 
 out in the South for fire insurance could 
 be retained and reinvested by home cap- 
 italists in the development of our re- 
 
268 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 sources and industries, the effect on 
 business would be startling. The 
 city of Decatur is to be congratulated on 
 possessing her own insurance company. 
 The Merchants' Insurance Company is a 
 strong one, having a paid-up capital of 
 $100,000, and is under the management 
 of experienced and efficient underwrit- 
 ers. Among its stockholders are many 
 of the wealthiest and most reliable busi- 
 ness men in Decatur. Its executive is 
 J. \V. Nelson, President, and C. Peacher, 
 Secretary. These gentlemen are Ala- 
 bamians, and are too well and favorably 
 known to require commendation at our 
 hands. Suffice it to state that they are 
 men of superior ability, and well chosen 
 for the positions they occupy. The 
 Company confines its operations to Ala- 
 bama, and as it is a home institution it 
 should, in preference to others, receive 
 the support and patronage of the citizens. 
 
 Banking. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK. — Few 
 
 banks in the State have wielded such an 
 influence, or maintained so prominent 
 a position in the confidence and esteem 
 of the community in which they are 
 located, as the monetary institution 
 which is the subject of this sketch. 
 
 This is one of the oldest and strongest 
 banking organizations of the State, hav- 
 ing been for years known as the Bank of 
 Decatur, and in May, 1887, the officers of 
 the present institution succeeded to the 
 business and established the First Na- 
 tional Bank. The amount of capital is 
 $100,000, and the officers are C. C. Har- 
 ris, President; W. W. Littlejohn, Cash- 
 ier, and AV. B. Shackleford, Assistant 
 Cashier, well-known as efficient bank- 
 ers. A general banking business is 
 transacted, and the numerous patrons of 
 the institution include the most promi- 
 nent capitalists and business men of 
 this vicinity. The individual responsi- 
 bility of the Bank is §300,000 ; a semi- 
 annual dividend of six per cent, is paid. 
 The premises are eligibly located on 
 Bank street, and is a large and hand- 
 some structure, fitted up in a manner at 
 once attractive and convenient. Tlie 
 officers are men long prominent in com- 
 mercial circles, and to their financial in- 
 tegrity and executive ability may be 
 ascribed the success and eminent stand- 
 ing of the institution. 
 
 Mr. C . C. Harris is a native of [Morgan 
 County, Alabama, and Avas connected 
 with the Bank of Decatur five vears. 
 
 ]Mr. W. "W. Littlejohn is a native of 
 Tennessee, and was also formerly con- 
 nected with the original Bank of Deca- 
 tur.^ 
 
 With the efficient management of 
 the.se officers, the First National Bank is 
 an institution of which every citizen is 
 justly pi'oud, and in the possession of 
 which Decatur is to be congratulated. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 E. D. WHITE, Real Estate, Stock, 
 Note and Bond Broker. — The leading 
 and most enterprising real estate broker 
 in Decatur is the gentleman whose name 
 heads this article. His office sign is the 
 first that the prospective investor sees 
 after alighting from the train and going 
 up Lafayette street. Mr. E. D. White 
 succeeded the well-known firm of White, 
 Whips it Co. in 1887. The growth and 
 prosperity of Decatur is due in a great 
 measure to the untiring energy and en- 
 terprise of just such public spirited men 
 as Mr. White has shown himself to be. 
 He is thoroughly conversant with all the 
 details of his business, and a man of en- 
 larged business experience. He offers 
 for sale valuable mineral, timber and 
 agricultural lands, and makes a specialty 
 of city property, improved and unim- 
 proved, paying special attention to cheap 
 improved property in desirable locations. 
 
 ^Ir. White is a native of Worcester, Mas- 
 sachusetts, was for twelve years engaged 
 in the stave business, and has been en- 
 gaged in the lumber trade South, and 
 has now reached what he considers the 
 most desirable location in the State of 
 Alabama for such an enterprise. He 
 owns a valuable farm in Michigan, was 
 formerly engaged in the himber business 
 in that State. He is a large property 
 holder in Decatur, and a representative 
 business man. holding stich responsible 
 positions as such men of integrity and en- 
 terprise attain. INIr. White is an infiuen- 
 tial member of the Stock Exchange and 
 Real Estate Association. By active and 
 able management he has won a large and 
 growing patronage, and is looked up to 
 as authority on all subjects in his line of 
 business, and deservedly enjoys the con- 
 fidence and esteem of all with whom he 
 is brought in contact. In his centrally 
 located office adjoining the Windsor Hotel, 
 fifty yards from the new Union Depot, 
 he" can always be found, and will be 
 pleased to give all the information de- 
 sired to those seeking investments in 
 realty, stocks, bonds, etc. Parties at a 
 distance are requested to write him for 
 
Decatur. 
 
 269 
 
 information regarding Decatur and De- 
 catur properties, and we are sure they 
 cannot correspond witli a more respon- 
 sible or better informed representative of 
 the city's interests. 
 
 Investment Company. 
 
 CRANE & BRODIX.— The Crane & 
 Brodix Investment Company Avas incor- 
 porated in 1S87, -witli a paid-up capital 
 :Stock of S10,000, and was the first enter- 
 prise of this kind organized in Decatur. 
 This Company is in able and responsi- 
 1)1 e hands. 
 
 Mr. Burt D. Crane, the President, is a 
 native of Ohio, and a gentleman of ex- 
 tensive business experience, and has 
 held positions of great trust and promi- 
 nence. 
 
 Mr. Ed. S. Brodix holds the position 
 •of Secretary, and is a native of Indiana, 
 and is pre-eminently fitted for the re- 
 .sponsibilities devolving upon him in this 
 important enterprise. 
 
 Mr. E. H. Allison, the Vice President, 
 is a native of Illinois, and likewise 
 brings to bear line business qualitications 
 in making this enterprise a success. 
 
 :Mr. H. B. Scott, the Company's Treas- 
 urer, is one of the best known capitalists, 
 .and a gentleman of the highest business 
 caliber. He is a native of Indiana, 
 where he was widely known in business 
 -circles. 
 
 ^Ir. Geo. E. Crane is the counsel for 
 the Company, and is a native of Ohio, 
 and was known in that State as a man of 
 ability. 
 
 A better representative body of busi- 
 ness men could not have gathered to- 
 gether, and this Company stands first in 
 this line of enterprise in this part of the 
 ■ South. 
 
 The Company have just organized the 
 Park Land Company, the largest project 
 in this line since the original land com- 
 pany was incorporated. They are the 
 sole agents for this Company, and ofler 
 ^special inducements to builders in the 
 Park Land property. The Company 
 make a specialty of mineral lands, but 
 -do a general real estate and stock ijrok- 
 erage business, while as insurance 
 .agents they represent some of the 
 largest and soundest companies in the 
 United States. They occupy twoottices, 
 one in Old, and one in New Decatur. The 
 principal one is on Second avenue, near 
 Iven's machine shops, with the street 
 •car line running in front. It is also three 
 .blocks from " The Tavern." 
 
 The members of this Company are all 
 men of character and ability, and to 
 such does Decatur owe her growth and 
 prosperity. They are all members of 
 the Stock Exchange and the Real Estate 
 Association. This is the only Company 
 in this line that has a thorough organi- 
 zation, chartered bv the Legislature. 
 
 Paints. Etc. 
 
 J. T. BANKS. — Among the mercantile 
 pursuits of this city, that of J. T. Banks, 
 dealer in paints, oils, glass, varnishes, etc., 
 is prominent. The business was estab- 
 lished in ]May,lSS8. The premisesare well 
 located, of brick and three stories, and lo- 
 cated at the corner of Cane and Oak streets. 
 Mr. Banks constantly keeps in stock the 
 celebrated line of paints manufactured 
 by the Acme White Lead and Color 
 Works, Detroit, Michigan, which can- 
 not fail to suit the most fastidious. 
 Among the kinds kept are Neal's carriage 
 paints, Acme sash paints, interior fresco, 
 granite Hoor, Acme M-agon and imple- 
 ment paints, Neal's carriage top dressing, 
 as well as a general line of miscellaneous 
 paints, dry colors and varnishes. 
 
 Mr. Banks is a native of this State, 
 and is well known in the drug business, 
 having been connected with it thirty-tive 
 years. In December, 18S7, he sold out 
 "his business to Dr. Hughes. He is a 
 man of energy and good business quali- 
 fications, and has won a name for integrity 
 that is second to none. 
 
 Awnings, Etc. 
 
 BEN J. M. HOWE & CO.— No house 
 enjoys a better reputation for the excel- 
 lence of its goods than that of Benjamin 
 M. Howe & Co., dealers in screens of 
 all kinds, Venetian blinds and awnings. 
 The business occupies spacious premises, 
 well adapted to the business, on a promi- 
 nent thoroughfare. This firm, since es- 
 tablishing its business, has, by undivided 
 attention, built up a tlourishing trade. 
 The storehouse is located on Oak street, 
 near Church. Tliey have all the neces- 
 sary equipments for successfully prose- 
 cuting the business. The tirm is a 
 thoroughly reliable one, and by the pub- 
 lic are known to be business men well 
 worthy of esteem and confidence. 
 
 Mr. Howe is an intelligent and indus- 
 trious man, deserving of the popularity 
 and confidence reposed in him. He has 
 able assistants in his employ, and guar- 
 antees satisfaction in everv case. 
 
270 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 
 COAL FOSSILIFEROUS RED HEMATITE BROWN HEMATITE 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 G. W. VANDEGRIFT & CO.— One 
 of the prominent and most widely- 
 known Hrms in Decatur is that of 
 G. W. Vandegrift & Co., real estate, 
 stock and hond brokers, and insurance 
 agents, located on Lafayette street. 
 
 This influential firm are the succes- 
 sors of Messrs. Neal, Vandegrift & Co., 
 and are recognized authority on lands, 
 and city and country realty of every de- 
 scription, a specialty being made oi farm- 
 ing lands in the Tennessee Valley— a val- 
 ley celebrated as the finest agricultural 
 section of the South. 
 
 Messrs. Vandegrift & Co., have for 
 sale the finest farming lands in Madison, 
 Morgan and Limestone Counties, which 
 are considered to be the finest agricul- 
 tural lands in the valley, oQering the same 
 for hventy per cent, less than they can be 
 bought for in the next twelve months. 
 They have thousands of acres of the 
 richest mineral lands in this State, aggre- 
 gating over a million dollars' worth of 
 farming and mineral lands. 
 
 They buy and sell on commission all 
 descriptions of marketable securities, 
 while as insurance agents they represent 
 some of the largest and soundest compa- 
 nies in the United States. 
 
 Mr. G. W. Vandegrift is a native of 
 St. Clair County, Alabama, and was for 
 many years engaged in merchandising in 
 Athens, this State. 
 
 With perfect facilities and influential 
 connections, Messrs. Vandegrift & Co. 
 
 are doing much toward promoting the 
 welfare of the community. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 BALDRIDGE & READ.— To those- 
 contemplating buying property we "will 
 say that the well-known and responsible 
 firm whose name heads this article 
 offers great inducements and bargains. 
 
 The offices of Baldridge & Read are- 
 centrally located on corner Second ave- 
 nue and Molton street, in that handsome 
 structure, the Bingham Block. 
 
 They formed the present copartner- 
 ship in 1888, bringing to bear the highest 
 qualifications and influential connec- 
 tions. They have developed a large 
 trade, dealing in rich mineral, timber 
 and agricultural lands, desirably sit- 
 uated city, business and residential 
 property, vacant lots, suburban lands,, 
 etc. They also make a spe(;ialty of locat- 
 ing government lands. They have car- 
 ried through to a successful issue many 
 important transactions, and are among 
 the most popular an<l enterprising brok- 
 ers in Decatur. They are also engaged 
 in the merchandise brokerage busi- 
 ness, and are having a splendi<l trade,, 
 while as insurance agents they possess- 
 the widest range of experience, and rep- 
 resent some of the strongest companies- 
 in the United States, among which are 
 the Mutual Life Insurance Company of 
 New York, and the Travelers' Accident, 
 Insurance Company of Hartford. 
 
Decatur. 
 
 271 
 
 Mr. \V. F. Baldridge is a member of 
 the Masonic Order. He is one of Deca- 
 tur's most respected business men, and 
 owns several extensive farms in this 
 State. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Read formerly resided in 
 New York, and for eight years traveled 
 for a business house of that city. This 
 firm has already a well-established and 
 daily increasing business, with abundant 
 capital to run it, and in the volume of 
 their business stand second to none. 
 They are prompt, reliable and energetic 
 gentlemen of high standing in social and 
 commercial circles. 
 
 Bottling Works. 
 
 BUCHHEIT'S BOTTLING WORKS. 
 
 — There are but few bottling works in 
 this country which have risen in import- 
 ance with so much rapidity, or which 
 have a wider sphere of operation than 
 those of Mr. G. F. Buchheit, and well 
 may his bottling works be known. 
 
 This gentleman is a native of South 
 Carolina, whence he came to Alabama 
 highly recommended for his business 
 ability. In Florence, South Carolina, 
 he was formerly in the bakery business, 
 but, in addition to this, he has been in 
 the bottling business for many years. 
 He opened his bottling works here in 
 September, 1887, having spared no ex- 
 pense to obtain everything that was 
 needed in a first- class establishment. 
 At his works he has one of the best 
 wells in North Alabama— blasted through 
 solid rock to the depth of 140 feet, thus 
 giving him the very purest water that 
 can be had for his soda and mineral 
 waters. All the fountains, as well as the 
 bottled soda water that is used in the 
 city, are from these works. A large quan- 
 tity is shipped to the neighboring towns 
 
 In his manufacturing of soda and min- 
 eral waters nothing of a deleterious char- 
 acter is used, the proprietor being per- 
 fectly willing to allow any chemical test 
 that can be applied. 
 
 The premises are well supplied with 
 all modern conveniences for the work. 
 The workmen employed thoroughly 
 understand their business, and are polite 
 and accommodating 
 
 Mr. Buchheit's beer is from the two 
 best-known breweries in the world, 
 namely, the Anheu.ser-Busch Brewing 
 Company, St. Louis, and the Gerke 
 Brewing Company, Cincinnati. He is 
 agent for both houses. The Anheuser- 
 Busch beer is known for its excellence 
 far and near, while the Gerke beer is 
 
 another well-known beer, and is also 
 highly celebrated. Few breweries are 
 better known than these. 
 
 To deliver his goods, he has wagons 
 from each brewery, which are a credit 
 to the breweries, as well as his bottling 
 works. He uses fast horses, so that his beer, 
 soda and mineral waters can be delivered 
 cool and fresh from his well-arranged ice 
 house. His bottling works are now do- 
 ing the largest business of the kind in 
 North Alabama and Decatur. 
 
 Sewing Macliines, Pianos and Organs, 
 
 J. F. CARPENTER.— When we re- 
 flect what pleasure is derived from music 
 and how incomplete a home is without a 
 piano or organ, the importance of the 
 business of the dealer in musical instru- 
 ments becomes apparent. 
 
 Mr. J. F. Carpenter, a native of Ken- 
 tuck}% started business here May, 1888^ 
 at the corner of Oak and Cane streets, 
 being the agent in this cit}^ of Jesse 
 French, of 161 LTnion street, Nashville, 
 Tennessee. He has for sale the finest 
 line of Hardmann, Chickering, Steinway,. 
 Star, New England and other leading 
 pianos ; also Story & Clark, Jesse Fi'ench 
 and other first-class organs. He is also- 
 agent for the celebrated Singer Sewing 
 Machine. His store is a handsome brick, 
 building, three stories. Mr. Carpenter 
 pays close attention to business, and has 
 a pleasant manner, which cannot fail to 
 increase the trade in this section. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 HOTEL BISMARCK.— This well-con- 
 ducted hotel has been in successful oper- 
 ation seven years, and its reputation as a 
 model house has extended far and near. 
 It is admirably located for ihe con- 
 venience of the traveling public, being 
 in the very center of the city, directly 
 opposite the Louisville & Nashville and 
 the Memphis & Charleston depots, and 
 only one block from the postoffice, street- 
 car line and First Nationol Bank. The 
 rooms (seventy-live in number) are large,, 
 airy and handsomely furnished, and all 
 the appointments of the hotel are first- 
 class in every particular. The dining- 
 room has a seating capacity of 200 ; the 
 tables are bountifully supplied with 
 every delicacy and substantial the market 
 aflbrds, and the manner of service is all 
 that epicurean taste could desire. The 
 hotel is supplied with all modern con- 
 veniences, and the attendantsare prompt,, 
 reliable and obliging. 
 
.■272 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Mr. C. H. Albes is the owner and pro- 
 prietor. He is a native of Germany, but 
 has been a resident of America many 
 years. He has had fifteen years experi- 
 ence as landlord, and is widely known as 
 a courteous, genial and obliging gentle- 
 man, and the universal testimony of 
 those who have shared his hospitality is 
 alike creditable to himself and to his es- 
 tablishment. The patronage of the house 
 requires additional accomnuxlations, and 
 Mr. Albes contemplates adding fifty 
 more rooms in the neai- future. 
 
 Lumber Company. 
 
 SOUTHERN LUMBER COMPANY. 
 
 — Among the recent enterprises estab- 
 lished in this line of industry is that of 
 the Southern Lumber Company, which 
 -opened business in August, 1887. 
 
 The plant of the Company covers four 
 ^cres. This Company are manufacturers 
 and dealers on an extensive scale in 
 builders' material, " long leaf yellow 
 pine," sash, doors, blinds, builders' hard- 
 ware, lime, cement, paint, etc. Their 
 mills are on the Louisville & Nashville 
 Road, and they turn out one hundred 
 thousand feet daily of long leaf yellow 
 pine. An immense stock of the finest 
 lumber is carried, amounting to between 
 two and three millions of feet. The 
 trade is large and rapidly increasing, ex- 
 tending to the Northern and Eastern 
 States, as well as in and around Decatur. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Allen, President, and Mr. R. 
 L. Allen, Seci'etary, are natives of Geor- 
 gia, in which State they received their 
 education. They are thorough-going 
 business men, full of practical knowl- 
 •edge and enterprise, the Company over 
 which they preside being widely known 
 .as a reliable one, and which can always 
 be depended upon to give satisfaction in 
 .all business transactions. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 BIBB, BOND & CO.— The past twelve 
 months has witnessed a remarkable 
 growth and "development so far as Deca- 
 tur is concerned, and within that period 
 many new firms have been established 
 here — the outgrowth of pressing busi- 
 ness demands. 
 
 Among them, and one of the most in- 
 fluential, is that of Bibb, Bond & Co. 
 They were established January 1-i, 1888, 
 and have a handsomely appointed office 
 in the Bond Block, New^Decatur. The 
 firm are real estate, stock, bond and in- 
 surance brokers, and in these several 
 
 lines of business have built up a large 
 and rapidly-increasing patronage. 
 
 In real estate they have a long list of 
 properties, both residence and Inisiness 
 sites, and are prepared to ofier the same 
 at lowest prices, and on desirable terms. 
 In addition they have large tracts of ag- 
 ricultural, mineral and timber lands, lo- 
 cated in various sections of North Ala- 
 bama. 
 
 The firm also handles stocks, bonds 
 and securities of the various companies 
 and corporations of the State, and re- 
 ceive daily market reports of .same. 
 
 The insurance companies represented 
 by Messrs. Bibb, Bond & Co., are of long- 
 established reputation, and are among 
 the foremost companies in the country. 
 The three departments are kept distinct, 
 and aie operated under a fine business 
 system. 
 
 The members of the" firm are young 
 men, full of enterprise and energy. 
 
 Mr. W. A. Bibb is from Sehna, this 
 State, and is a gentleman of superior 
 business qualifications. 
 
 Mr. L. W. Bond is a native of New 
 York City, and is a son of Judge H. G. 
 Bond, the General Manager of tlie Deca- 
 tur Land, Iron & Furnace Company. He 
 is a young man, active, intelligent and 
 untiring, and has, in his short residence 
 here, made an enviable record. 
 
 Mr. A. C. Hartshorne came from 
 Freehold, New Jersey, and has shown 
 himself a man of business capacity of no 
 mean order. 
 
 Thus constituted the firm is a strong 
 one, and enjoy the confidence of all 
 who know them. 
 
 They solicit correspondence, and refer 
 to the following banks : Fourth National 
 Bank and S. M. Simson & Sons, both of 
 New York City, and the First National 
 Bank, this city. 
 
 Hardware. 
 
 THE STEINER HARDWARE COM- 
 PANY. — One among the largest and 
 most important mercantile esta))lish- 
 ments in this city is that of the Steiner 
 Hardware Company. 
 
 The business was established in Octo- 
 ber, 1887, and since then has gained a 
 large share of the trade in North Ala- 
 bama. 
 
 The main storeroom is located on Bank 
 street, Lyon's Block. Besides this the 
 Company has two commodious ware- 
 houses for surplus stock. The stock of 
 hardware, stoves, tinware, mill supplies 
 and steam fittings, is both large and 
 
Decatur. 
 
 273 
 
 varied, embracing everything in these 
 special lines. 
 
 Possessing ample capital and buying 
 from tirst hands strictly for cash, this 
 house is prepared to duplicate the lowest 
 prices of metropolitan houses, and can 
 offer to both the retail and wholesale 
 trade great inducements. 
 
 jMr. Joseph Steiner, the senior mem- 
 ber of the hrm, is a German, and a man 
 of remarkable business ability. His 
 three sons, ^Manning, T. and K., are inter- 
 ested in the business, and reside in 
 Greenville, Alabama. 
 
 The business is under the management 
 of Mr. W. T. Brown, a native of Nash- 
 ville. Mr. Brown resided for a time 
 in Louisville, Kentucky, and is an ex- 
 perienced hardware man, having been 
 in the business twenty years. He 
 traveled for a wholesale hardware 
 firm in Louisville, Kentucky, for many 
 years, and is a thorough master of the 
 details of the business. He is a man of 
 superior ability, and it is mainly due to 
 his efforts that the business here has 
 prospered so. 
 
 Mr. Brown is prompt, reliable and 
 wideawake, one who enjoys the confi- 
 dence of all who know him, and de- 
 serves the success he has achieved. 
 
 Civil Engineers. 
 
 HOWLAND & CO.— The establish- 
 ment of the well-known .civil engineer- 
 ing firm of Howland & Co. was an event 
 to Decatur. 
 
 It was established in October, 1887, the 
 office being conveniently located in the 
 Bond Block, next to the Exchange Bank. 
 The headquarters of this firm are at No. 
 71 Equitable Building, Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 Specialties of this firm are waterworks 
 and sewerage, it now^ having the contract 
 in hand for building the waterworks at 
 Decatur. 
 
 Messrs. A. H. Howland and George A. 
 Ellis compose the firm. They are na- 
 tives of Massachusetts. 
 
 Mr. Howland put in the waterworks 
 at Montgomery, and Mr. Ellis the Eu- 
 faula system. 
 
 The have built a number of systems in 
 the North and East. 
 
 Mr. Howland belongs to the M. Am. 
 Soc. C. E., Engr's Club of Phila., and the 
 Conn. Soc. C. E. and S. 
 
 Mr. Ellis is a member of the Boston S. 
 of C. E., Am. W. W. Asso., and N. E. 
 W. W. Asso. 
 
 As civil engineers they are well pre- 
 pared to meet the wants of the public in 
 every way, and with their staff of assist- 
 ants being ready to promptly execute 
 and make surveys, and superintend 
 construction work of all kinds. They 
 are universally respected and esteemed,, 
 the firm, under their wise and conserva- 
 tive guidance, ranking among the most 
 prosperous in this portion of the coun- 
 try. 
 
 Fancy Groceries. 
 
 H. HENLEY & CO.— A leading and 
 representative business house of this, 
 city, in its line,, is that of H. Henley & 
 Co., staple and fancy grocers of Market 
 street, established in 1888. From its in- 
 ception it has had a substantial and pros- 
 perous growth. The premises occupied 
 consist of fine storerooms, admirably 
 arranged and equipped w'ith every fa- 
 cility of use in disijlaying a large and 
 carefully selected assortment of fancy 
 and staple groceries, pure wines, liquors, 
 cigars, tobacco, etc. A prominent fea- 
 ture of the enterprise is their trade in 
 country produce, which can always be 
 relied on in every particular. Their 
 house is excellently located, being near 
 the Decatur Bridge Company's plant, and 
 opposite the Decatur Charcoal Chemical 
 Works, and the Decatur Land Com- 
 pany's Iron Furnace. 
 
 M'r. H. Henley, the head of the house, 
 is a native of Brownsville, Tennessee, 
 where for a number of years he was 
 actively engaged in the dry goods busi- 
 ness, and held the respect and esteem of 
 all with whom he came in contact. The 
 facilities of this firm for transacting busi- 
 ness are of an unusually complete char- 
 acter, enabling them to offer special ad- 
 vantages to customers. By their thor- 
 ough business methods and strict atten- 
 tion to business, they have won a large 
 patronage, which is but a reflex of their 
 capable and energetic management. 
 
 Furniture, Etc. 
 
 UNION FURNITURE, DOOR, SASH 
 AND BLIND MANUFACTURING 
 COMPANY.— This corporation started 
 April 2, 1888, and during its exist- 
 ence has achieved a merited prom- 
 inence. The Company has been 
 a leader in the manufacturing boom, 
 which, of late, has W'rought such 
 changes and made Decatur the compeer 
 of any of the younger cities. This Com- 
 pany can boast of a large trade through- . 
 
274 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 out this State. Everything in the way of 
 woodwork is manufactured, inchiding 
 doors, sash, hhuds, etc. In fact, the 
 Company manufactures everything from 
 wood whicli goes to make up a house. 
 The factory is located at the corner of 
 Sycamore and Water streets, being a 
 building two stories high. The finest 
 machinery of the most improved order is 
 used, and a number of skilled workmen 
 are employed. The officers of this con- 
 cern are Messrs. Jas. Grant, President ; 
 Wm. Ramage, Secretary and Treasurer, 
 and W. H. Carr, General Manager. 
 
 Mr. Grant is from South Carolina, Mr. 
 Ramage from Holyoke, Massachusetts, 
 and Mr. Carr from Springfield, Massa- 
 chusetts. Their work has been too long 
 before the public to require recommen- 
 dation. Sulfiee it to say that it is su- 
 perior to the manufactured goods sold in 
 this section of the country. Their trade 
 in woodwork is one of the heaviest in 
 the State, and is generally regarded as 
 standard. 
 
 Architect and Builder. 
 
 J. M. INNIS— To be a good architect 
 and builder requires years of study, a 
 natural talent, a practical education in 
 active service, and a thorough mechan- 
 ical training. Such is possessed by Mr. 
 J. M. Innis, many evidences of whose 
 skill are to be seen in the city and neigh- 
 borhood. He has been business on La- 
 fayette streetsince November, 1887, being 
 successor to Innis & Walker. Mr. Innis 
 is a practical architect and builder, and 
 makes a specialty of designing and erect- 
 ing both public and private dwellings. 
 He invariably superintends the erection 
 of all buildings which he designs. He 
 is an expert in his profession, and since 
 his residence here has met with signal 
 success, and holds a front rank among 
 architects and builders. 
 
 Dry Goods, Etc. 
 
 S. MARX. — Among the well known 
 dry goods, clothing, boot and shoe 
 houses, we mention that of S. Marx, es- 
 tablished in September, 1887. The store 
 is located on the corner of Canal and 
 Market streets. 
 
 Mr. Marx is a native of Louisiana. He 
 has done a good' business. There is 
 nothing in the w^ay of dry goods, cloth- 
 ing, boots and shoes which he does not 
 sell, and at reasonable prices. He is an 
 agreeable gentleman, possessed of busi- 
 ness qualifications, and has a large circle 
 of friends among the business fraternity. 
 
 Real Estate, Insurance, Etc. 
 
 NORRIS, PARKS & PICKENS.— An 
 important branch of commercial activity 
 is that of Norris, Parks & Pickens, real 
 estate, fire insurance, stock and bond 
 brokers. The business was founded by 
 Messrs. Norris A: Parks, and in 1888 the 
 present firm succeeded. The gentlemen 
 composing the firm are recognized au- 
 thorities on lauds and city and country 
 realty of every description. Thej' have 
 an intimate personal knowledge of the 
 mineral belt of the State, and offer for 
 sale at low prices choice selections of 
 mineral and timber lands. They attend 
 to the negotiation of loans on bond and 
 mortgage, the collection of rents and gen- 
 eral care of property, and are prepared 
 to buy and sell on commission all de- 
 scriptions of marketable securities, 
 while as fire insurance agents they rep- 
 resent some of the largest and soundest 
 companies in the United States. The 
 individual members of the firm are W. 
 J. Norris, G. H. Parks and S. M. Pickens. 
 Customers can rest assured of having 
 their best interests sedulously cared for, 
 and of receiving substantial advantages 
 not readily obtained elsewhere. 
 
 Mr. Norris formerly resided in Flor- 
 ence, South Carolina, and was Mayor of 
 that place for four terms. Mr. Pickens 
 formerly resided at Kingstree, South 
 Carolina, and was Deputy Clerk of the 
 Court of Williamsburgh County for three 
 years, after which he went to Anderson, 
 South Carolina, and practiced law. 
 
 Real Estate, Stocks, Etc. 
 
 J. MONROE NELSON & SON, Real 
 Estate, Stock and Bond Brokers. — This 
 influential real estate firm was estab- 
 lished in 1873, and having ample re- 
 sources, practical experience and influ- 
 ential connections, we can specially com- 
 mend this firm to prospective investors. 
 Their office is located near the Union 
 Depot. The firm is composed of J. M. 
 and Geo. A. Nelson, wdio are respectivelj'- 
 natives of North Carolina and Indiana, 
 and who were formerly engaged in the 
 real estate business in Minneapolis, 
 where they had an extensive business. 
 This'firm owns $500,000 worth of property 
 in and around Decatur, and also one 
 hundred and fifty acres in the suburb 
 known as " Moulton Heights," through 
 which the Belt Railroad will soon run. 
 This is considered the most desirable 
 residence property in the suburbs, and 
 is only one and one-half miles from the 
 center of the city. Special inducements 
 
Decatur. 
 
 275 
 
 are offered to those wishing to improve 
 their lots. They also own three hun- 
 ■dred and sixty-five acres located one and 
 one-fourth miles south of the Louisville 
 -& Nashville shops, through which the 
 Louisville & Nashville Railroad runs, 
 which is desirable land in every partic- 
 ular. At the Nelson land ofhce there 
 ■can be found advertised for sale 500,000 
 acres of railroad lands, also 300,000 acres 
 of improved farming lands, and planta- 
 tion valley farms of any size and on 
 terms to suit, adapted to wheat, corn, 
 oats, rye, cotton, tobacco, fruits, etc., 
 mineral, timber and grazing lands in 
 large and small tracts, also all kinds of 
 •city property, houses, vacant lots, for 
 residence or business purposes. 
 
 Mr. George A. Nelson, the junior mem- 
 ber of the firm, is a lawyer by profession, 
 with abdities of high order. He is Vice 
 President, also Director of the Mineral 
 Land Company, and both gentlemen 
 have taken an active part in the growth 
 and development of Decatur. 
 
 Furniture, Etc. 
 
 SESSIONS & ESTES.— The city of De- 
 catur is not behind her sister cities in 
 the extent and magnitude of its furni- 
 ture houses, and the enterprise which 
 characterizes her representative firms in 
 this branch of business cannot be sur- 
 passed. The well-known and reliable 
 house of Sessions & Estes was estab- 
 lished the 10th of March, 1888. A large 
 business throughout the citj^ is carried 
 on, which is constantly increasing. The 
 finest line of furniture, stoves, and house 
 furnishings is constantly on hand and 
 sold on easy payments at their establish- 
 ment on Pond street. 
 
 Mr. J. L. M. Estes was born in Georgia 
 and Mr. C. B. Sessions in South Caro- 
 lina. They are agreeable and affable 
 gentlemen, well and favorably known. 
 Their success has been due to their 
 energy and enterprise, while their house 
 is one of the leading representatives in 
 their line of trade. 
 
 Real Estate, Stocks and Bonds. 
 
 D. WALDEN & CO.— This firm is one 
 of the best known and most reputable 
 land agencies to be found in the city of 
 Decatur. Mr. D. Walden was established 
 in business April, 1865. The offices of 
 the firm are centrally located in the 
 Windsor Hotel, on Lafayette street, and 
 on the street car line in Laughlin & 
 Feehan Block, Second avenue. Real 
 estate, stocks and bonds are bought and 
 
 sold, a specialty being made of collec- 
 tions. They have on their books all 
 kinds of real estate and city laroperty. 
 
 Mr. Walden is a native of Alabama, 
 his partner, Mr. Look, being a native of 
 Illinois. Their offices are in the heart of 
 of the business portion of the citv and 
 alford every facility for the i)rompt 
 transaction of all business relating to 
 real estate matters. They take care of 
 and manage properties and the collection 
 of rents and accounts of all kinds, which 
 composes a goodly share of their pros- 
 perous business. 
 
 Mr. Walden farms on an extensive 
 scale three miles and a half from 
 Decatur, and controls and sells more 
 farming lands than any firm in the real 
 estate business in Decatur. His fatlier, 
 it should be mentioned, was located in 
 Decatur in 1818, and represented Morgan 
 County for four years in the State Legis- 
 lature and was Mayor of Decatur for 
 several years prior to and since the war. 
 
 This firm enjoys a high I'eputation as a 
 real estate, stock and bond agency, being 
 one of the representative firms in the 
 city. 
 
 Cigars, Stationery, Etc. 
 
 R. H. TATE.— The establishment of 
 Mr. R. H. Tate, on Lafayette street, is 
 of but recent origin, having been first 
 opened to the public January, 1888. 
 Though a new enterprise, its beginning 
 has been auspicious and the patronage 
 steadily increasing, and already ranks 
 well among the houses in the same line 
 in the city. Modern conveniences and 
 facilities are embraced in the equipment 
 of the establishment. A complete and 
 varied assortment of stationery is carried, 
 together with all the principal daily 
 newspai^ers. This is the only house in 
 the city that has on hand the daily and 
 weekly New York papers. Puck, Judge, 
 and all the leading magazines. In addi- 
 tion to this complete stock, Mr. Tate 
 also carries a choice line of the finest 
 brands of cigars, tobacco, cigarettes, etc. 
 He has the State agency for Tritol's cele- 
 brated Key West cigars, manufactured 
 at Factory No. 29, district of Florfda. 
 He makes a specialty of handling all 
 grades of imported cigars, tobacco and 
 smokers' articles. 
 
 Mr. Tate is a native of North Carolina, 
 is favorably known as a gentleman of 
 high character and excellent business 
 qualifications, and justly merits the suc- 
 cess of a large and steadily increasing 
 business. 
 
276 
 
 NoHTu Alabama. 
 
 Cornice and Roofing. 
 
 DECATUR CORNICE & ROOFING 
 COMPANY. — A distinguishing charac- 
 teristic of the American people is the 
 spirit of universal enterprise that prevails 
 in almost every location and individual. 
 In no other line of business has there 
 been engaged more talent than in that of 
 the above. The Decatur Cornice and 
 Roofing Company was established Jan- 
 uary, 1888, and is located at the corner 
 of Sixth avenue and Johnson street. 
 The individual members of the firm are 
 Messrs. L. W. Borton, J. W. Yates and 
 L. H. Borton, natives of Indiana. They 
 manufacture galvanized iron cornices 
 and deal in slate and metal rooting. 
 The trade reaches throughout Alabama 
 and Tennessee. Employment is given 
 to several hands regularly, who are ex- 
 perts in their special departments. This 
 firm has been one of the most successful 
 in this portion of the country. It does 
 but add another example to that array of 
 business enterprise whose success h § 
 been obtained by close attention to the 
 wants of customers and a thorough un- 
 derstanding of the trade, acquired only 
 by study and hard work. 
 
 Contractors. 
 
 TRAN8UE & GOODWIN.— In look- 
 ing to the future of a city, the favorable 
 location for building sites and the cost 
 and character of building materials are 
 matters of importance. In res))ect to 
 the latter, Decatur is favored in possess- 
 ing the reliable firm of Transue ct Good- 
 
 win, whose otiices may be found in Roont 
 12, Bond Block. 
 
 t\Ir. J. I. Transue was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania. He is a Mason and an Odd Fel- 
 low. Mr. F. Goodwin was born in Illi- 
 nois, and lived for five years in Dakota. 
 They are contractors on a large scale, and 
 have built many of the principal stores 
 and residences in the city and vicinity,, 
 and undertake any class of contracts iu 
 this line. They are in a large measure 
 pioneers in this section in introducing- 
 new and improved methods of working. 
 This firm has not only enjoyed an un- 
 sullied reputation, but it has materially 
 helped the general interests and stand- 
 ing of the trade. They have managed 
 their busine.ss on principles so broad^ 
 liberal and straightforward as to have 
 secured for themselves a consideration 
 as well merited as it is rarely acquired.- 
 
 Carriages and Buggies. 
 
 G. W. STANTON.— Tliis successful 
 and popular business dates its inception 
 from 1887. The trade has greath' increased 
 since that time, extending throughout 
 the city and surrounding country. 
 Prospects are as good as possible, Mr. G. 
 W. Stanton having the greatest number 
 of orders on hand. Carriages and bug- 
 gies and all kinds of vehicles are manu- 
 factured from the best material, all hard 
 woods being obtained from the North. 
 A large force of men is engaged in the 
 business. ^Mr. Stanton is also manager 
 of the Decatur Carriage Company. A 
 first-class stock of harness, saddleS;. 
 
Decatur. 
 
 277 
 
 bridles, etc., is kept. He has been as 
 , successful in the buiklino; of boats as in 
 the carriage business, having built a 
 fleet of pleasure boats to ply on the river 
 during the summer. 
 
 He is a native of New York State, and 
 has been in the carriage business twentj' 
 years, being tlioroughly conversant with 
 ail the details for conducting the same. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 THE DECATUR LUMBER COM- 
 PANY. — Among the industrial pursuits 
 and leading enterprises of this growing 
 and prosperous city is the business of 
 the Decatur Lumber Companj', estab- 
 lished April, 1887. The company manu- 
 factures all kinds of rough and dressed 
 lumber, also sash, doors, blinds, flooring, 
 molding, laths, pickets, weatherboard- 
 ing, and all kinds of building material. 
 Onlj' the finest kiln-dried lumber is 
 used, the Excelsior and Chicago lumber 
 dryer being used, this having been pat- 
 ented in 1880, and being the last patent. 
 The capacity is 20,000 feet per day. The 
 Company's plant covers upward of five 
 acres, tlie mill being located on the south 
 side of the river, inside the corporate 
 limits of the city. The officers of the 
 corporation are : President, W. H. 
 Mead ; Vice President, F. C. Tavlor ; E. 
 E. Garrett, Secretary; H. A. Mithoff, 
 Treasurer, and N. K. Mead, General Man- 
 ager. 
 
 Mr. ]\Iead, the president, is a native of 
 Ohio, and is a veteran in the lumber 
 business, having been in it for years. 
 
 Mr. Tavlor is a native of Pennsvlvania, 
 Messrs. N. K. Mead, Garrett and Mit- 
 hoff being natives of Ohio. 
 
 The decided reputation the above gen- 
 tlemen have made for themselves as busi- 
 ness men, give them a i:)rominent posi- 
 tion as representing one of the leading 
 manufacturing establishments. 
 
 Railroad Contractors. 
 
 CRASS, HEAD & MONTGOMERY.— 
 
 Pew of our business houses have so 
 many claims to public notice and favor 
 ;as the one whose name stands at the 
 iiead of this article. The firm estab- 
 lished business in 1886, and their success 
 renders them deserving of the highest 
 commendation in the pages of a work 
 •devoted to an impartial presentation of 
 the advantage of Decatur from a com- 
 anercial point of view. They are exten- 
 ••sive railroad contractors, having recently 
 .l)een engaged in constructing the Bir- 
 
 19 
 
 mingham & Sheffield road. They made 
 the excavation for the Casa Grande 
 Hotel, and also for the Urbana Car 
 Works, keeping constantly employed 100 
 teams and 140 men. Their establish- 
 ment is located on Market street, inal)rick 
 structure, affording accommodations and 
 facilities of a superior character for the 
 transaction of business. The stock of 
 supplies carried is complete, including 
 the best brands of flour, etc., the feed 
 department being also complete. The 
 members of the firm are Messrs. J. T. 
 Crass, J. R. Head and J. D. ISIontgomery. 
 Mr. Crass is a native of Kentucky, but 
 has long resided in Dyersburg, Tennes- 
 see. Messrs. Head and Montgomery are 
 natives of Brownsville, Tennessee. " Mr. 
 Head was representative of Haywood 
 and Tipton Counties in 1887, and is 
 an extensive stock trader, while Mr. 
 Montgomery is one of the leading rail- 
 road men of the South. All transactions 
 with this firm are marked with a careful 
 regard for the interests of its patrons 
 and the maintenance of its high stand- 
 ing and integrity. 
 
 Pharmacist. 
 
 W. F. BULLOCK.— No member of the 
 pharmaceutical profession in this city is 
 more widely known or esteemed by its 
 residents than W. T. Bullock, whose 
 place of business is eligibly located on 
 Bank street. Mr. Bullock established 
 here in 1887 and has built up a perma- 
 nent trade. He occupies attractively ap- 
 pointed quarters on the above-named 
 street, ])ut the daily increasing business 
 necessitates more commodious apart- 
 ments, and in a short while he will open 
 another store. This building is a hand- 
 some brick structure and is located on 
 Bank street also. The drug store and 
 prescrii)tion department are equipped 
 with every facility for carrying on the 
 business, while the stock em])races a 
 varied and complete assortment of pure 
 and fresh drugs, reputable proprietary 
 medicines, etc. 
 
 Mr. C. H. Harris is employed in the 
 prescription department, and the utmost 
 care and attention is given to the com- 
 pounding of physicians' prescriptions. 
 Possessing as Mr. Bullock does the high- 
 est qualifications as a pharmacist, with 
 educated and experienced assistants, he 
 has the unlimited confidence of the en- 
 tire community. Prompt, reliable and 
 enterprising, he is deserving of success, 
 and is fully competent to maintain the 
 high reputation he has made. 
 
278 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Livery and Transfer Stable. 
 
 THE DECATUR LIVERY AND 
 TRANSFER COMPANY is the repre- 
 sentative establishment of the kind in 
 the city. Tlie business was established 
 by Harper &. Kemble, who were suc- 
 ceeded in 1888 by the above corporation. 
 The otiicersare : President, F. G. Buford, 
 and Vice President, W. W. Littlejohn ; 
 the INIanagers, Ed. Buford and G. B. Sim- 
 mons. They have shown admirable 
 management in and adaptation to the 
 business, and are enjoying a most flour- 
 ishing patronage. The stable building 
 is a commodious structure, and is cen- 
 trally located on Bank street. The stalls 
 are all neat, clean and comfortable. The 
 Company boards about thirty-five horses 
 and keeps on hand for livery purposes 
 thirty horses, together with a number of 
 carriages, buggies, etc., everything about 
 the establishment being kept in the most 
 perfect order. 
 
 Mr. Buford is a native of Tennessee. 
 He gives his individual attention to the 
 livery department, while Mr. Simmons 
 attends to the transfer department. 
 
 Mr. Simmons is also a native of Ten- 
 nessee, and was formerly a well-known 
 real estate agent of this city. Both gen- 
 tlemen are experienced and energetic 
 business men of acknowledged ability. 
 
 Under such control this enterprise has 
 become the leading establishment of the 
 kind in the city. 
 
 Commission Merchant. 
 
 J. B. STUART.— Chief of the lines of 
 trade making up the business interests 
 of every city is that of the grocer and 
 hardware merchant, and as a conse- 
 quence much of the best talent of ever}' 
 community is engaged in furnishing the 
 people with groceries, hardware, dry 
 goods, notions, furnishing goods, etc, 
 
 Mr. J. B. Stuart, the subject of this 
 sketch, is the oldest-established merchant 
 in Decatur, his business dating from 
 1866. He is a native of Somerville, 
 Morgan County, Alabama, and is a Free 
 Mason. 
 
 His store is located on the corner of 
 Bank and Market streets. He is a com- 
 mission merchant and does an extensive 
 wholesale and retail trade in flour, nails, 
 groceries, hardware, dry goods, clothing, 
 boots, shoes, ladies' and gents' furnish- 
 ing goods. 
 
 Mr. Stuart was a clerk in this city for 
 four years as far back as 1842 to 1847. 
 In 1858 he went to Nashville, remaining 
 there till December, 1860. In 1862 he 
 
 entered the war, being made a prisoner 
 at Fort Donelson with 1,300 others, and 
 in 1805 returned to his native place,. 
 Somerville, Alabama. He is thoroughly 
 posted in the knowledge of his busines's- 
 and of the requirements of tlie trade. 
 He is well known by every one in the 
 city ; is genial, and consequently popu- 
 lar, and is thoroughly worthy of leading 
 one of the most decidedly representative 
 bHsiness houses in the city. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 NIXON BROS.— A leading concern of 
 its kind in Decatur is that of Messrs.. 
 Nixon Bros., dealers in fancy and staple 
 groceries, canned goods, etc. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1887, and subse- 
 quent to that time has enjoyed a re- 
 markably prosperous career, having se- 
 cured a liberal and iiifiuential trade^ 
 The premises occupied are centrally 
 located on Pond street, and consist of a 
 handsome one-story iron structure. The 
 firm deals largely in choice family grocer- 
 ies, both staple and fancy, including flour,, 
 coffees, teas, sugars, etc., making a .spec- 
 ialty of canned goods, the quality and 
 price of which are not beaten by any 
 contemporary house in the same line of 
 trade. 
 
 The individual members of the firm 
 are Messrs. A. C. and W. J. Nixon, both 
 of whom are natives of Michigan. They 
 are prominent members of mercantile 
 and social circles, and well deserve the 
 success and liberal patronage which they 
 enjoy. 
 
 We take pleasure in thus presenting 
 to our readers a short sketch of one of 
 the leading business houses in the city. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 KLEIBACKER LUMBER COMPA- 
 NY. — The extensive forests of Alabama 
 have for centuries remained untouched^ 
 and are still in their virgin state. 
 Of late years, however, large business, 
 concerns, backed by ample capital and 
 enterprise, have been organized to de- 
 velop the.?e hidden resources, and among- 
 them the Kleibacker Lumber Company 
 commands eminent notice. Established 
 February, 1888, the owners, John J. 
 Kleibacker and B. Crawford repre- 
 sent heavy capital, their names being- 
 sufficient guarantee of the standing 
 and reliability of the Company. They 
 manufacture and deal in lumber, laths, 
 shingles, sash, doors, and blinds. They 
 carry the finest line of woods, and those 
 
Decatur. 
 
 279 
 
 desiring something superior and novel 
 will do well to call here. 
 
 Mr. Kleibacker was born in Cincin- 
 nati, where he resides and owns a store, 
 which he conducts. 
 
 Mr Crawford was born in Missouri, 
 where for several years he was in the 
 lumber business. Previous to his pres- 
 ent enterprise he was in the real estate 
 business in this city. He is an Odd Fel- 
 low. 
 
 The saw mills of the Company are at 
 Hanceville, Alabama. They own five 
 mills in all. They have a large and 
 steadily increasing custom, and solicit 
 orders for all kinds of lumber, laths, 
 shingles, etc., being confident that in 
 prices they can compete with any mills, 
 while in most cases they can give a 
 superior article. 
 
 Stoves. 
 
 W. A. BROWN.— One of the oldest 
 established houses devoted to this 
 branch of industr}^ is conducted by W. 
 A. Brown. He has been established 
 twelve years, and has, by close attention, 
 built up a fine trade, and one which 
 is constantly increasing. He is located 
 on Bank street and has a separate shop 
 for tin work, roofing and job work. 
 
 Mr. Brown is an extensive dealer in 
 cooking and heating stoves, and does 
 roofing, guttering, and all kinds of job 
 work at low prices. He manufactures 
 tin, sheet iron and copperware, and has 
 the best appliances for the execution of 
 his work, and is a skilled workman of 
 long experience, as well as a straightfox'- 
 ward business man. He is esteemed in 
 the business portion of the community 
 as a representative business man. 
 
 Watchmabers. 
 
 J. S. SUGARS & CO.— A representa- 
 tive mercantile house of this city is that 
 of J. S. Sugars & Co., watchmakers and 
 manufacturing jewelers, Bank street. 
 
 The house was established January 1, 
 1888, as successors to Levy, Sugars & Son, 
 
 The head of the firm, Mr. J. S. Sugars, 
 is a native of Alabama, and has been ex- 
 tensively and successfully engaged in 
 this line of business for twenty-five 
 years. 
 
 They are eligibly located for businese 
 purposes. The storeroom is convenient 
 and beautiful in its appointments, a large 
 comprehensive stock is carried, consist- 
 ing of diamonds, watches, clocks, jew- 
 elry and silverware. 
 
 The members of the firm are expe- 
 rienced opticians, and carry a large line 
 of goods in this department. A complete 
 assortment of jewelry of all descriptions 
 can always be obtained here at reasona- 
 ble prices, such as gents' solid gold chains, 
 ladies' vest and children's neck chains, 
 gold and plated bracelets, rings, pins, 
 charms, etc., and a large line of precious 
 stones. 
 
 The members of the firm are experts 
 in the watchmaking profession, and their 
 work is executed in the finest style. Po- 
 lite and courteous attention awaits cus- 
 tomers at this attractive store, and the 
 fullest confidence in the proprietors and 
 their able assistants is fully justified. 
 
 Insurance. 
 
 WILSON, WYATT & CO.— The his- 
 tory of business life on the American 
 continent has always proven the motto 
 that " a man makes his business," and it 
 is on the enterprise, vim, intelligence and 
 close attention to biasiness that depends 
 success. The career of the firm — Wil- 
 son, Wyatt & Co. — located in the Ex- 
 change Bank, established January 1, 
 1888, adds another example to prove our 
 statement. 
 
 This firm represents some of the best- 
 known insurance companies in the 
 world, namely : The German American 
 Insurance Companv, the Royal of New 
 York, assets, $5,000,000; the Roval, of 
 England, assets, $3,000,000, and the Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, 15,500,000 assets. 
 
 The members of the firm are Messrs. 
 W. A. Wilson, of Kentucky; L. B. 
 Wyatt, of Kentucky, and J. O. Miller, 
 of Indiana. 
 
 The, senior member, Mr. Wilson, is an 
 attorney-at-law in this city. He is a 
 member of the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 These gentlemen are thoroughly im- 
 bued with the great benefits to be de- 
 rived from the well-known insurance 
 companies they represent, knowing that 
 they represent some of the most relia- 
 ble and best-managed companies that 
 the world has seen. 
 
 The record of these companies is the 
 pride of the insurance world, and they 
 are prepared to take desirable risks for 
 any amount. 
 
 Restaurant. 
 
 THE KENTUCKY RESTAURANT. 
 — One of the foremost restaurants and 
 dining saloons is that known as "The 
 Kentucky Restaurant," established April 
 24, 1881. 
 
280 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 The house occupies one of the most 
 central locations on Bank street, and is 
 cooler than most places of the same kind 
 in the city, owing to its being well 
 shaded. The lower floor of the house is 
 arranged for dining, the large hall seat- 
 ing fifty people at a time. 
 
 The quality of the bills of fare of this 
 house is popularly acknowledged by its 
 most extensive patronage. The upper 
 floors are arranged for sleeping apart- 
 ments, six in number. The desirable 
 and central location makes " The Ken- 
 tucky " a favorite resort. Ice cream, it 
 should be added, is sold throughout the 
 summer months, wholesale and retail. 
 
 Drake & Co. are the proprietors, the 
 individual members of the firm being 
 Messrs. Howard Drake and H. A. Led- 
 better, who are successors to, Messrs. 
 Norris & Ledbetter. 
 
 Mr. Drake is a native of New Jersey, 
 and Mr. Ledbetter of Georgia. 
 
 They have an enviable reputation as 
 generous landlords and good business 
 men. 
 
 Saddles and Harness. 
 
 THOMAS BEGGS, Bank Street.— Mr. 
 Beggs started his business in February, 
 1887, and since that time has had a grow- 
 ing and remunerative trade in saddlery 
 and harness. He makes a specialty of 
 fine saddles, harness of every kind, and 
 repairing, which is done thoroughly and 
 promptly. He was born in Mississippi. 
 Mr. Beggs is thoroughly conversant with 
 the details of his business. He resided 
 eighteen years in Ireland, where he re- 
 ceived his education and was appren- 
 ticed. He has, too, visited England on 
 two occasions. He was in the Mexican 
 war for twenty-two months, being se- 
 verely wounded on one occasion, and 
 was in the civil war for four years and 
 three months. He has earned the res- 
 pect and esteem of his fellow citizens by 
 exemplary conduct in all affairs of busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Restaurant. 
 
 MICHIGAN RESTAURANT.— Indis- 
 pensable in all communities is a well 
 regulated restaurant, to conduct which 
 requires practical experience and sound 
 business tact. Mr. A. C. Grayson is the 
 popular proprietor of the representative 
 restaurant in this citj', which is known 
 as the " Michigan Restaurant." He 
 founded his present enterprise May 6, 
 1888, being the successor to Messrs. 
 
 Sears & McGuire. The premises occu- 
 pied are eligibly located opposite the 
 Tavern, on Moulton street, and consist 
 of a structure fully equipped with every 
 convenience. Excellent board is fur- 
 nished either with or without lodging. 
 The accommodations are first-class in 
 every particular, and charges reasonable. 
 Mr. Grayson was born in Madison 
 County, Alabama. He is a Mason and 
 Knight of Pythias. He keeps a fine line 
 of family groceries. He has spent most 
 of his life in Mississippi and North Ala- 
 bama. He possesses the confidence and 
 esteem of the entire community. We 
 take pleasure in according him a prom- 
 inent place in this review. 
 
 Architects and Builders. 
 
 I. M. WEST & SON, Lafayette street. 
 — Among the most prominent archi- 
 tects and builders of Decatur may be 
 mentioned the representative firm of 
 Messrs. I. M. West & Son, who com- 
 menced the active practice of their pro- 
 fession in this city ApriMst, 1887. They 
 are widely known as practical architects 
 of unusual talent and originality, and 
 have built up a fiourishing business. 
 They have prepared plans and superin- 
 tended the erection of many buildings in 
 the city and vicinity, and likewise many 
 splendid dwellings. Messrs. West & 
 Son are natives of Michigan, and have 
 resided for many years in California. 
 They are fully prepared with all the nec- 
 essary facilities to execute or carry out 
 any architectural undertaking, not only 
 promptly, but with that intelligent ap- 
 prehension of design which makes their 
 efforts so highly appreciated. These 
 gentlemen are held in the highest esti- 
 mation by the community for their un- 
 swerving honor and integrity, and have 
 achieved a prominence in the profession 
 accorded only to those whose transac- 
 tions are based on the strictest princi- 
 ples of professional probity. 
 
 General Merchandise. 
 
 E. K. YOUNG, Bank street.— This 
 house was founded in 1882 by the 
 present proprietor, and from its incep- 
 tion the business has been characterized 
 bv an increasing prosperity. The spa- 
 cious premises are two stories in height, 
 and the appointments embrace all the 
 modern adjuncts of convenience and at- 
 tractiveness. An immense stock of 
 goods is carried, embracing a full and^ 
 complete assortment of books, stationerv 
 
Decatur. 
 
 281 
 
 toys, fancy goods, wall paper, pictures, 
 moldings, cutlery, all the leading daily 
 papers, etc. The stock also includes a 
 full line of sewing machines, including 
 Wheeler & AVilson, Domestic, American, 
 etc., besides a varied assortment of mu- 
 sical instruments. Mr. Young's trade is 
 of an extensive and liberal character, and 
 every worthy eflbrt is made to supply 
 all classes of customers with the most 
 satisfactory goods at the lowest figures. 
 He is a native of Morgan County, Ala- 
 bama. His large business has been de- 
 veloped solely on the basis of merit. 
 Decatur may well feel proud of him and 
 his representative establishment. 
 
 Photographer. 
 
 C. F. VOGHT.— In probably no branch 
 of the arts have more improvements 
 been made during recent years than in 
 that of photography, and the avidity 
 with which these inventions have been 
 utilized by the profession is convincing 
 proof of the spirit of enterprise which 
 has always been a distinguishing feature 
 of those engaged in this business. This 
 enterprise was established in 1886 by 
 Mr. C. F. Voght, who has been identified 
 with the business for many years, and 
 has a thoroughly practical experience. 
 The premises occupied are centrally lo- 
 cated on Church street, in a two-story 
 frame structure. Photography in all its 
 branches is executed, from locket to life- 
 size, from original jiictures or from life, 
 in oil, water-colors, pastel, crayon, etc., 
 in the highest style of art, at very low 
 prices, and satisfaction is guaranteed in 
 all cases. All negatives are pi'eserved, 
 and additional pictures are furnished at 
 reduced rates. A specialty is made of 
 taking landscape views. 
 
 Mr. Voght is a native of Missouri, and 
 is esteemed throughout the community. 
 He has succeeded in obtaining the ser- 
 vices of a celebrated artist, who was for 
 many years in the employ of INIr. Landy, 
 the famous photographer of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. He is justly considered among 
 the foremost in his artistic profession. 
 
 Hotet. 
 
 THE TAVERN, Jno. S. Reed, Man- 
 ager — In reviewing the many import- 
 ant enterprises of a city, we speak of 
 none of so much vital importance to its 
 prosperity as the conduct and character 
 of its hotels. It is from these that vis- 
 itors form their opinions concerning the 
 city as a whole. The finest hotel in De- 
 
 catur, and indeed in this section of the 
 country, is "The Tavern," opened to 
 the public this year (1888). The hotel is 
 a handsome specimen of Queen Anne 
 architecture, four stories high, and is 
 the most imposing structure in the city. 
 This house, by general consent, is con- 
 sidered the best furnished and finished 
 in Northern Alabama. The sleeping 
 rooms for the accommodation of guests, 
 sixty in number, are well arranged and 
 ventilated. The waterworks system, in 
 connection with the hotel, is perfect, 
 each floor being supplied with water. 
 The hotel has the additional advantage 
 of being fire proof. This house in winter 
 is heated throughout by steam, and 
 cooled in summer by patent fans. Every 
 apartment is finished with walnut and 
 cherry wood furniture and French plate 
 mirrors, and lighted by electric light. 
 The seating capacity of the .spacious 
 dininghall is two hundred and twenty- 
 five. The hotel is a frame structure, 
 and was erected by the Decatur Land, 
 Improvement and Furnace Company, 
 at an expense of $100,000. The success 
 of the Tavern is largely due to the fine 
 business ability of the manager, Mr. 
 Jno. S. Reed, a native of Iowa City, 
 Iowa. He has lived at Huntsville until 
 lately, where he was Postmaster for 
 eight years. Since locating in Decatur 
 he has shown that he knows how to 
 manage a hotel in an able waj', he hav- 
 ing filled his position to the satisfaction 
 of all. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 THE TOADVINE FURNITURE CO. 
 
 — A representative business enterprise 
 is the Toadvine Furniture Company, 
 dealers in carpets, oil cloths, furniture, 
 etc. 
 
 The building is a frame structure, and 
 is centrally located on Bond street, in 
 Toadvine's Block. This is beyond ques- 
 tion one of the most attractive and 
 best arranged furniture establishment in 
 the city, and the immense stock carried, 
 embraces all varieties of parlor, dining- 
 room, chamber and library furniture, a 
 specialty being made of othce furniture, 
 carpets, oil cloths, window shades, etc., 
 of the best quality and moderate in 
 price. 
 
 Mr. S. F. Toadvine, a Mary lander, is 
 highly esteemed by the community for 
 his integrity. He justly merits the suc- 
 cess attained by perseverance and enter- 
 prise. Mr. Toadvine was formerly an 
 extensive grocery and hardware mer- 
 
282 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 chant. He is an enterprising, liberal 
 and public-spirited citizen, and is an ex- 
 tensive property owner. The house, in 
 every respect, is a leading one, and the 
 gentleman at its head stands high in the 
 community. 
 
 Banking. 
 
 THE EXCHANGE BANK.— The Ex- 
 change Bank of Decatur was incorpor- 
 ated November 1, 1S87, with the follow- 
 ing othcers, who are still in charge : 
 President, John D. Roquemore, of Ala- 
 bama, also President of the Decatur 
 Water AVorks ; Vice President, J. W. 
 Nelson, of Illinois, also President Mer- 
 chants' Insurance Company ; Cashier, 
 W. W. Hedges, who has had nine years' 
 experience in the Deposit Bank of 
 North Middletown, Kentucky : 
 
 The following are directors : H. G. 
 Bond, Lorenz Corey, W. F. Balbridge, 
 J. F. Scott and P. H. Flynn. 
 
 The capital stock is $100,000. The 
 commodious premises are fitted up in an 
 elegant style. 
 
 A general banking business is trans- 
 acted, and collections are made through- 
 out the South, and are jjromptly remit- 
 ted. Accounts of banks, bankers, mer- 
 chants, manufacturers, and others solic- 
 ited. 
 
 The officers are well-known business 
 men of established financial integrity, 
 and to their well-directed and conserva- 
 tive management may be ascribed the 
 general popularity and eminent status 
 of the institution. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 ADAMS & LOVELACE.— The supe- 
 rior natural advantages possessed by De- 
 catur are attracting widespread attention, 
 and as a result, investors are coming 
 from all parts of the country to investi- 
 gate the claims of the new city on the 
 Tennessee River. 
 
 Realty is steadily enhancing in value, 
 and investments made now cannot fail 
 to appreciate in value if purchased at 
 the present market valuation. To par- 
 ties at a distance who wish information 
 regarding properties here, we cannot cite 
 them to a more reputable and responsi- 
 ble firm than Messrs. Adams & Love- 
 lace. They opened their office hei'e Jan- 
 uary 1, 1888, and since then have en- 
 joyed a full share of patronage. Their 
 office is in the Bond Block, New Decatur, 
 and is attractively fitted up. 
 
 The firm have for sale much advanta- 
 geously located property, both city and 
 
 suburban, suitable for residence and 
 business purposes, as also for the estab- 
 lishing of plants and manufacturing 
 industries. 
 
 In addition, Messrs. Adams & Love- 
 lace buy and sell stocks, bonds, and 
 transact a general insurance business. 
 Their entire time is devoted to these 
 three important branches of commercial 
 activity, and their eflbrts thus far have 
 met with gratifying success. 
 
 Mr. B. F. Adams and C. A. Lovelace 
 are Georgians, coming from Columbus, 
 Ga., where, for many years, they were 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits. They 
 are esteemed in both social and business 
 circles for their integrity of character and 
 sterling worth. 
 
 Monuments. 
 
 WM. D. STUART.— A striking exam- 
 ple of progress is aftbrded by the history 
 of this well-known house, which has be- 
 come one of the business landmarks of 
 the city. 
 
 The premises occupied are spacious 
 and convenient, and consist of a hand- 
 some two-story building, which is sup- 
 plied with every requisite business facil- 
 ity. The business is satisfactorily lo- 
 cated as regards transportation facilities, 
 on the corner of Railroad and Vine 
 streets. A large stock of material is car- 
 ried, and everything in the line of mon- 
 uumental and general cemetery work is 
 executed. The designs are of exquisite 
 grace and beauty, and elicit the admira- 
 tion of all who see them. Talented 
 sculptors are employed, while there is 
 the widest range and choice as to mate- 
 rial, the immense stock, including the- 
 diflerent grades of Vermont, Tennessee, 
 Italian and American marble, a specialty 
 being made of the Bhie Virginia and 
 variegated Tennessee marble, which is 
 considered the finest in the country. An 
 immense quantity of limestone is also 
 carried, which is used for building pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Mr. Wm. D.. Stuart, the young and 
 energetic proprietor of this representa- 
 tive establishment, is a native of Tennes- 
 see, and has been established at the pres- 
 ent site since 1886. By able management 
 he has reared a business which distin- 
 guishes him as a leading exponent of his 
 branch of skilled industry. He employs 
 as general manager of the establishment 
 Mr. D. M. Huson, mIio is a native of 
 Tennessee, and a gentleman thoroughly 
 conversant with every detail of the busi- 
 ness. 
 
Decatur. 
 
 283 
 
 He also lias employed Mr. T. M. Hen- 
 •derson, of Winchester, Tennessee, who 
 is considered one of the finest artists in 
 the South. 
 
 Mr. iStuart offers substantial induce- 
 ments to the wholesale and retail trade, 
 both as to i:)rice and quality. He owns 
 •Lis own quarry and iparble mill in East 
 Tennessee. 
 
 Building Material. 
 
 J. D. JERVIS & CO.— This firm was 
 ■established in 1887, the plant being 
 moved that year from Ironton, Ohio. 
 'The members are Messrs. J. D. Jervis, 
 born in Wales ; C. C. Harris, a native of 
 Alabama, President of the First National 
 Bank of Decatur; W. W. Littiejohn, of 
 Alabama, and E. E. Greenleaf, of Ver- 
 mont. They manufacture all kinds of 
 "building material, sash, doors, blinds, 
 •Stairs, office outfits, hardwood finish. 
 The best workmen are employed, giving 
 •employment to twenty-tive men daily, 
 the pay-roll amounting to $235 per 
 "week. The firm have their own factory 
 for manufacturing sash, doors, blinds, 
 hardwood finish, etc., and sell by the 
 ■carload direct from the factory, which is 
 two stories high, frame built and iron 
 roof. The rejjutation of this house is 
 well known throughout this section of 
 the country, for it has gained a position 
 through the management and enterprise 
 •of the individual members of the firm. 
 
 Dry Goods and Shoes. 
 
 THE NEW YORK STORE, Isaac 
 Pink us & Co., Proprietors.— Among the 
 leading mercantile houses on Bank 
 -Street is Isaac Pinkus & Co, " The New 
 York Stoi'e," dealers in dry goods and 
 shoes, which was established in 1887, 
 and has since become one of the most 
 popular and well patronized stores in 
 this city. The premises occupied con- 
 sist of a building which is adnnrably fit- 
 ted up for the display of merchandise, 
 including dry goods, etc., to the best ad- 
 vantage, and al.so in filling all orders in 
 ■a, prompt and efficient manner. Every- 
 thing handled by Mr. Pinkus & Co. is 
 first-class in quality, and may be pur- 
 ►chased at the lowest prices consistent 
 with fair dealings. Mr. Pinkus is a 
 native of Nashville, Tennessee, but for 
 .some time has been a well-known and 
 respected resident of Decatur, and by 
 his business ability, energy and hon- 
 orable dealings has established a liberal 
 and permanent trade throughout the 
 •country. 
 
 Civil Engineer and Surveyor. 
 
 GEORGE F. CON A NT.— Prominent 
 among those engaged in civil engineer- 
 ing and surveying, we mention George 
 F. Conant. His oflice is centrally lo- 
 cated in the Bond Block. 
 
 Mr. Conant is a native of Massachu- 
 setts. He has every appliance and ap- 
 paratus of the mc st approved construc- 
 tion for applying his profession. There 
 is nothing in the way of civil engineer- 
 ing or surveying which be does not do. 
 ]\Iaps, specifications and estimates are 
 made at a brief notice and promptly, and 
 j with the greatest accuracy. He does a 
 large and increasing business all through 
 this section of the State. We will only 
 say in conclusion that parties calling on 
 Mr. Conant, either on business or other- 
 wise, will find time in his company pleas- 
 antly and i^rofitably spent. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 G. W. SIDDONS, Dealer in Boots and 
 Shoes. — This house was founded bj'^ 
 the present proprietor, G. W. Siddons, 
 and is guided by a liberal business policy 
 and sound mercantile integrity. The 
 store is on Bank street, and is two stories, 
 and conveniently arranged for the trans- 
 action of business. A complete assort- 
 ment of ladies', misses', gents' and chil- 
 dren's boots and shoes is carried. Mr. 
 Siddons transacts a large trade in the 
 city, and is agent for the best produc- 
 tions of the leading manufacturers. By 
 his own unaided efibrts he has brought 
 his business to a high standard. Mr. 
 Siddons is a native of Kentucky, and 
 was formerly proprietor of an extensive 
 boot and shoe establishment in Selma, 
 Alabama. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 COLLINS & SCALES, Dealers in Fur- 
 niture. Carpets, Bedding, Etc. — The busi- 
 ness of this house was founded in 1888 
 by Messrs. Collins & Scales, and although 
 recently establisheil is recognized as one 
 of the leading furniture houses in the 
 city. The premises are centrally located 
 on the corner of Grant street and River- 
 view avenue, and consist of a large and 
 commodiovis structure, two stories, fit- 
 ted up with modern conveniences. An 
 immense stock, embracing fine designs 
 and fashionable styles in the furniture 
 line, and an elegant assortment of car- 
 pets, together with a large line of mat- 
 tresses of the firm's own manufacture, is 
 carried. Messrs. C. Collins and T. N. 
 
284 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Scales, composing the firm, are ex- 
 perienced and .skillful exponents of their 
 branch of industry. Tliey are native 
 Georgians, and since their location in 
 this city have become representative 
 and highly respected mercliants. With 
 a practical experience of ten years, ener- 
 getic business qualities, together with 
 ample capital and influential connec- 
 tions, they rank among the representa- 
 tive firms of the city. 
 
 Hardware. 
 
 LAUGHLIN, FEEHAN & CO.— The 
 business of this house was started in 
 March, 1888, and has won a popularity 
 seldoui duplicated in mercantile annals. 
 The firm is a strong one financially, and 
 as regards facilities and connections. It 
 is composed of Messrs. T. C. Laughlin 
 and J. J. Feehan. The premises occu- 
 pied are eligibly located on Second ave- 
 nue, and are fitted up in a convenient 
 and attractive style. The stock displayed 
 is large, well selected and complete, em- 
 bracing a full line of cooking and heat- 
 ing stoves, tinware, chinaware, galvan- 
 ized iron cornice, slate and tin roofing, 
 guttering, etc., a specialty being made of 
 all kinds of pumps. The firm are also 
 agents for tiie American Cistern Filter 
 and headquarters for lightning rods. All 
 kinds of tin and iron work are executed 
 in the best manner, and an extensive 
 and lucrative general trade is enjoyed. 
 
 Messrs. Laughlin and Feehan are 
 natives of Kentucky, and are skillful 
 exponents of their trade. Mr. Laughlin 
 was a resident of Montgomery County, 
 Kentucky, for fifteen years, and was 
 manager of an extensive tinware estab- 
 lishment in Mount Sterling, Kentuck\% 
 for some time, while ]\Ir. Feehan was 
 foreman of the .same establishment. Both 
 gentlemen are popular managers and 
 have already reared a trade which places 
 them among the leading merchants. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 THE HORART HOUSE is one of the 
 best in the city. It was opened in 1873, 
 and time has only served to increase its 
 popularity. The building is centrally 
 located, one square from the Union 
 Depot, and one square from the business 
 center, and has everj' convenience for 
 the accommodation of the guests of the 
 house. It can accommodate fifty guests. 
 The house is neatly furnished through- 
 out and thoroughly ventilated, while 
 the parlors are models, as regard tasteful 
 
 arrangement. It is a delightful sum- 
 mer home, and presents an inviting ap-- 
 pearance with its cool and sluidy bal- 
 conies and wide verandas, surroundeil by" 
 magnolia shades, beautiful lawns and 
 handsome fiower gardens. Fresh air, 
 good water and solid comfort here are- 
 found. 
 
 The practical and experienced pro- 
 prietress, Mrs. j\L S. Hobart, gives her 
 personal supervision to the cuisine, which, 
 is an especial feature, in every depait- 
 ment. Mrs. Hobart is tlie most popular 
 and enterprising hostess in the city. !^he 
 is to be congratulated on having for her- 
 business manager Mr. C. C. Chapman,, 
 who is a genial, courteous and afi'able 
 gentleman. 
 
 Drugs and Groceries. 
 
 B. C. WRIGHT.— In 1888 (March 1) 
 Mr. B. C. Wright established the drug: 
 and grocery business near the foot of^ 
 Grant strtet. He is thoroughly skilled 
 in the accurate and careful compounding 
 of physicians' prescriptions and fannly 
 recipes, and gives his personal super- 
 vision to the duties of this department.. 
 This store comprises a handsomely fur- 
 nished apartment, which is admirably 
 arranged for a fine display of the stock. 
 Here may be found a large and conq)lete- 
 assortment of pure and fresh drugs and 
 chemicals, toilet articles and druggists' 
 sundries of all kinds. In another depart- 
 ment an immense stock of choice groceries 
 is carried, embiacing fancy and staple 
 groceries, fruit, produce, canned goods,, 
 etc. 
 
 Mr. AVright is a native of South Ala- 
 bama, and has been identified with the- 
 drug business since 187G. 
 
 We take pleasure in mentioning this 
 as one of the representative houses of 
 Decatur. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 ARANTZ BROS. — Prominent among 
 the enterprising lumber houses in this, 
 region of the country, is that of Arantz. 
 Bros., established in 1881. Tiie IMessrs. 
 Arantz are proprietors of the Decatur 
 Band Saw IMills, and manufacture hard- 
 wood lumber, band .sawed quartered oak 
 and ash, and band .sawed qiuirtered 
 white wood and red gnm. The plant 
 covers four and one-half acres, the 
 capacity of the mills being 25,000 to- 
 "30,000 feet per day. They use the latest 
 improved system of drying lumber. The 
 trade is a most flourishing one, most of 
 
Decatur. 
 
 the shipping being to the Eastern and 
 Northern States. Thirty-five skilled 
 workmen are given employment. A 
 specialty is made of hard- wood lumber. 
 They supplied the finishing lumber for 
 "The Tavern," the finest hotel in 
 Decatur. 
 
 Dry Goods and Clothing. 
 
 ATLANTA STORE, Friedman & Reis- 
 man. Proprietors. — Among the large mer- 
 cantile enterprises of the city is the 
 Atlanta Store. Since this enterprise was 
 inaugurated by Messrs. Friedman & 
 Reisman, in 1887, it has enjoyed a liberal 
 and substantial patronage. The build- 
 ing is a handsome three-story structure, 
 and is a feature among Decatur's busi- 
 ness houses. It is arranged and finished 
 with the most decided taste and a special 
 view to the large trade of the firm. The 
 
 stock of dry goods, foreign and domestic, 
 trimmings and notions, is such as is found 
 in a first-class dry goods house. In the 
 ladies' and gents' furnishing department 
 everything can be found that could be 
 desired. Another very important feature 
 of this extensive establishment is their 
 trade in custom-made shoes. The stock 
 is large and complete. The clothing 
 department of this house is one of the 
 most important features, embracing the 
 best makes of clothing to be found in 
 the United States for men, youths and 
 boys. 
 
 Messrs. Friedman & Reisman are 
 thoroughly conversant with the business 
 in hand, having done an extensive busi- 
 ness in this line in Florence, Alabama, 
 for several years. They are both ener- 
 getic and enterprising merchants, and 
 their success is but the natural result of' 
 their legitimate deserts. 
 
GABSDEN. 
 
 THE American Manufacturing and Iron World, in one of its num- 
 bers, thus spoke of the iron wealth of Alabama: "No State 
 possesses such excellent quality, or so accessible to market. The 
 necessary elements in the economical manufacture of iron — coal 
 and the rich ores, together with limestone — can be as cheaply 
 brought together as in any other region of the United States." 
 Gadsden is in the center of this region. On the east, large 
 quantities of hematite and fossiliferoiis ores extend along the 
 Coosa River (whichis navigable at all seasons ofthe year) from 
 Greensport north, far into Georgia. On the west we find within 
 "five miles what is known as the Red Mountain, at the foot of which 
 runs the Alabama Great Southern Railroad from Birmingham to the Ten- 
 nessee River. This deposit, whilst being the largest of the State, is really 
 -one of the mineral wonders of the American Continent. The Iron Mountain 
 in Missouri alone can be considered its compeer. This vast body of fossilifer- 
 ous ore runs from a point a few miles east of Tuscaloosa to the northeastern 
 limits of the State, and it is said to be one hundred miles in length, by from 
 half a mile to a mile wide. What constitutes a most interesting and important 
 feature in relation to this remarkable deposit of ore is its proximity to other 
 materials necessary for its reduction. Coal, iron and limestone overlap each 
 other or lie parallel, and separated by a few miles throughout its entire length. 
 The position of Gadsden, as before said, is central between these two great 
 deposits ; the richest and purest being at her very doors. It is claimed that 
 they can be delivered at the furnaces cheaper than in any part of the mineral 
 belt ; that with charcoal at five cents per bushel, and the ore not requiring a 
 flux (it carries lime sufficient to make it self-fluxing), charcoal iron can be as 
 cheaply made here as anywhere in the world ; further, tliat with the splendid 
 manganese beds recently opened up by the Gadsden Iron, Coal and Real 
 Estate Company, at Walnut Grove, twenty miles west, Gadsden is better 
 prepared to make steel than any other point, from the fact that the purest of 
 these ores, as well as the manganese, are situated within tvjenty miles of this place. 
 Iron ore at Gadsden is delivered to the furnaces at sixty-five cents per ton, 
 and is worked directly from the mines, no washing or roasting necessary. 
 
 The Sand Mountain, Lookout and Coosa Coal Fields, producing coals of 
 excellent quality for coking, lie at the very doors of the city. 
 
^ •^>' wj<:'>'-. /^j^ 
 
 "fe^^ 
 
 COOSA RIVER BRIDGE— GADSDEN. 
 
Gadsden. 289 
 
 s 
 
 ITUATION 
 
 In a valley at the foot of the southern terminus of Lookout Mountain, 
 and on the western bank of the Coosa River, lies Gadsden. Ninety-two miles 
 north, at the foot of the other terminus of Lookout Mountain, is Chattanooga, 
 Tennessee ; fifty-four miles southeast is Birmingham, and fifty-two miles east 
 is Rome, Georgia. 
 
 J^IVER AND RAIL 
 
 The Coosa River is the best inland navigation in the United States, and is 
 ^destined in the future to be one of the most important commercial highways 
 dn the South. The river from Rome to Greensport — 176 miles — is navigable 
 ;an the year round. Boats, 100 to 150 tonnage, carry the mails with the regular- 
 ity of railroad trains every day in the year. The United States Government 
 is removing the obstructions, and will soon have the river open to Mobile. 
 
 There are now assured— some of them already here— ^ve lines of road: the 
 Tennessee & Coosa Railroad, the Rome & Decatur, the Birmingham, Baltimore 
 ■& Gulf, the Anniston, Gadsden & Cincinnati, and the Georgia Central. 
 
 The first, the Tennessee & Coosa Road, is appropriately named, for it con- 
 nects the Tennessee River with the Coosa, and approaches completion. This 
 j-oad will give Gadsden the benefit of the canal on Mussel Shoals. The Rome 
 .& Decatur Road is a direct line from Rome to Decatur, and the map will show 
 that it is an important one. The Birmingham, Baltimore & Gulf Road comes 
 •■to Gadsden from Leeds, and, as its name imports, connects Baltimore with the 
 Gulf. The Anniston, Gadsden & Cincinnati Road, nearly completed, connects 
 Gadsden with all the important lines at Anniston. The Georgia Central via 
 •Carrollton and Gadsden, and on through to Decatur to Milan and Chicago. 
 
 These different lines give Gadsden ample railroad facilities, and will ena- 
 ">ble her to secure the best possible rates. When they are all completed, which 
 will be speedily done, then Gadsden will commence a career of prosperity and 
 •growth unprecedented in her history. 
 
 D 
 
 IVER5ITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES 
 
 Here, in close proximity to this beautiful and thriving city, both the 
 >brown and red hematite iron ore in quantities inexhaustible lie side by side 
 with coal and limestone. The soft red ores abounding in this section are 
 unexcelled by any other in the United States, yielding from fifty to fifty-five 
 ,per cent, of metallic iron of the finest quality. The Gadsden Exhibit at Pied- 
 iinont Exhibition, 1887, .was one of the most attractive and interesting in the 
 
STEAMBOAT LANDING- COOSA RIVER— GADSDEN. 
 
Gadsden. 291 
 
 building. It consisted of five different varieties of iron ore, manganese, 
 baryta, plumbago, yellow ochre, fire clay, bath brick, coal, coke, charcoal, 
 marble, both variegated and white, kaolin, potter's clay, terra cotta clay, 
 building rock, sandstone, and a fine display of hard woods, consisting of hick- 
 ory, red and white oak, ash, poplar, elm, beech, birch, gum, walnut, linn, 
 maple, long leaf yellow pine, etc. The manganese ore from Gadsden received 
 the highest premium, and was pronounced far superior to any other similar 
 ore on exhibition. 
 
 Along the banks of the Coosa the rich hammock lands lie that produce 
 the far-famed Coosa Valley cotton, which the manufacturers of the celebrated 
 Coats' Cotton Thread buy specially to make their goods, because of its strength 
 and long staple. 
 
 A 
 
 GRICULTURAL 
 
 The following crops cannot only be raised in the county, but can be grown 
 profitably: Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, clover, grasses, potatoes, both sweet 
 and Irish ; fruits and vegetables. 
 
 Gadsden is the natural trading center of five large valleys and seven 
 counties. She grew from a town of fifty people to one of four thousand five 
 hundred on her merits as a business center, and without a railroad or a man- 
 ufacturing industry to help her. The valleys will grow any cereal or vege- 
 table or grass known to the United States. Before the war it was a great 
 wheat country, but of late years very little of that cereal has been raised. I 
 is a sure crop of at least twenty bushels to the acre whenever sown. The 
 mountain orchards grow the finest apples, peaches, plums and pears, and vine- 
 yards do excellently well. While the valley farmers about Gadsden are all 
 doing well and are gaining year by year, there is opportunity for Northern 
 farmers to go in there and do five times better. Most of the farm work is left 
 to cheap negro labor, which is shiftless and ignorant in most instances. There 
 is ambition to get enough to live on, but none to get rich. There are good 
 markets for everything raised, good roads all over the county, and no draw- 
 back to discourage the farmer. Stock has to be fed about two months some 
 winters, but the farmer can offset this with three crops of hay and two crops 
 of almost anything else. 
 
 T 
 
 IMBER 
 
 Lying within convenient distance are vast forests of long leaf yellow pine, 
 making magnificent lumber. For fifteen years this lumber has been manu- 
 factured at Gadsden, and is now being manufactured at the rate of thirty mil- 
 lions of feet annually. The long leaf yellow pine is not the only timber avail- 
 able for manufacturing purposes at and near Gadsden, but all other kinds indig- 
 enous to this region abound in very large quantities. With them, Gadsden 
 
BLACK CREEK FALLS— TWO MILES FROM GADSDEN. 
 
Gadsden. 293 
 
 oflFers as favorable facilities for the manufacturing of woodenware as any other 
 locality in the land. All valuable varieties of hard woods abound in the adja- 
 •cent forests. 
 
 .CLIMATE, HEALTH, ETC 
 
 Situated on a magnificent tableland, five hundred and eighty feet above 
 "the sea level, and surrounded by hills, Gadsden enjoys a climate which is at 
 ■once salubrious and delightful, and remarkably free from malarial diseases. 
 The purest water, both limestone and freestone, is in abundance, while the 
 mineral springs — sulphur and chalybeate — possess rare medicinal qualities. 
 The atmosphere is clear and bracing and is not subject to sudden changes ; the 
 thermometer ranges from 40 to 10 degrees above zero in the winter and never 
 higher than 96 in the summer, 75 to 80 degrees being the mean temperature 
 during the heated term. 
 
 For health no place on this continent can boast of greater freedom from 
 -epidemics. No yellow fever or cholera has ever made its appearance here. 
 The general health is excellent, the mortuary list being remarkably low. The 
 Xookout Mountain, only two miles from the city, furnishes delightful sum- 
 mer resorts. The scenery on this mountain in simply grand. Here are sit- 
 uated the famous 
 
 gLACK CREEK FALLS AND BELLEVUE HOTEL 
 
 About two miles south of the city is one of the greatest curiosities in 
 jiature, the Black Creek Falls. The creek runs along the depression on the 
 top of Lookout Mountain for about thirty miles, and at one single leap, as if in 
 desperation, plunges down one hundred feet. Upon this romantic spot the 
 Gadsden Land and Improvement Company have decided to build a handsome 
 hotel, to be called the Bellevue. Neither time nor expense will be spared on 
 i;his structure, and a building to adorn the grand spot upon which it is erected 
 "will be the result. This hotel stands upon the highest and most romantic 
 point overlooking the city, from the veranda of which the scenery is unsur- 
 passed. About this beautiful hotel structure will be grouped a number of 
 pretty cottages, as well as handsome private residences. 
 
 Several months ago the franchise was granted by the city of Gadsden to 
 the Land and Improvement Company to build a dummy line through the 
 ;streets of the city. The work of the survey has already begun, rails have been 
 ordered, and by September 1 the road will be completed. The road will run 
 through all the principal streets of the town and out to Attalla and the beau- 
 tiful Black Creek Falls. The grading on the road to the Falls will be extremely 
 difiicult, but the best of engineers and workmen have been employed and no 
 •expense spared to make a success of the road in every way. 
 20 
 
HOTEL BELLEVUE, AT BLACK CREEK FALLS. 
 
Gadsden. 295 
 
 INDUCEMENTS— COST OF LIVING 
 
 Great inducements are now being held out by the Gadsden Land and 
 Imajprovement Company to manufacturers from abroad to locate in Gadsden 
 ^ud develop its resources. This Company was organized in January, 1887, 
 with a capital stock of $3,000,000. They own 700 acres of valuable lands in and 
 .adjacent to the city. They have set aside $500,000 of their stock to subsidize 
 oaew industries. They propose to donate to new manufacturing enterprises 
 locating in this city sufficient ground to locate and operate their plants upon. 
 Besides this Company there are several other syndicates and land companies 
 here that are offering liberal inducements to actual settlers. 
 
 New comers may rest assured that they can enjoy the utmost political 
 freedom ; that no such thing as social ostracism is here known for political 
 causes. Gadsden extends a hearty welcome to any and all who come in her 
 midst. 
 
 Common laborers get $1 per day, experts at mills from $2 to $3.50 per day. 
 Living is cheap. All garden and orchard products very cheap. 
 
 L 
 
 UMBER INDUSTRY 
 
 For years Gadsden has enjoyed the rejiutation of being one of the best 
 lumber markets in the State. The river affords fine facilities for rafting 
 for more than 300 miles, hence much capital has been invested in the lumber 
 business. The mills of R. B. Kyle & Co., the Southern Lumber Company, 
 the Gadsden Lumber Company, John L. Pogue & Co. and VV. P. Lay have the 
 capacity for a daily output of several hundred thousand. These, having large 
 patent lumber-driers in connection with their planing and saw mills, are pre- 
 pared to fill all orders. As might be expected, Gadsden for years has 
 shipped immense quantities of yellow pine to the markets of the North, East 
 and West. In addition to the above industries are the sash, door and blind 
 factory of Gwin, Hicks & Lane, and the broom handle factory. 
 
 J^EAL ESTATE, RENTS 
 
 Gadsden has never had the wild boom which has characterized other 
 embryo cities. The result is, her realty has always maintained a normal condi- 
 tion as to price. It is fortunate that there has been no inflation, for the prices of 
 realty now are low and within the reach of all. Unimproved business lots on 
 Broad and intersecting streets can be bought from $50 to $250 per front foot, 
 prices varying with location, etc. Unimproved residence lots, eligibly located, 
 sell for $10 to $30 per front foot, and in suburbs much cheaper. 
 
 Stores rent from $25 to $125 per month, according to size, and houses from 
 $3 to $30, according to location. 
 
THE PRIXTUP HOUSE. 
 
Gadsdex. 297 
 
 W 
 
 ATER WORKS 
 
 At an expense of abou yS75,000, there is a splendid system of water- 
 works. Hence no place in the State, perhaps, can boast of better protection 
 against fire. Ever since their construction they have more than paid their 
 cost in the property they have saved from the flames that would inevitably have 
 been burned. They traverse the principal streets and give protection through- 
 out the corporate limits of the town, while they afford convenient supplies of 
 fresh water for drinking, laundry and culinary purposes, also for allaying the 
 dust of the streets, retreshiug the gardens and supph'ing the fountains. Xo 
 city can afford to lose the solid comfort there is in a good system of water- 
 works. 
 
 C 
 
 HURCHES, SCHOOLS 
 
 Gadsden is decidedly a church-going city, and in this connection we will 
 state that she has five churches for the whites and three for the negroes. The 
 denominations owning churches are the Baptists, Presbj-terians, Cumberland, 
 Methodists and Catholics. These are the churches belonging to the white 
 congregations. In addition to these the Christians and Episcopalians have 
 regular services at stated periods. All of these churches have a good mem- 
 bership and some of them have large memberships. We do not hazard much 
 when we say 33^ per cent, of the population are charch goers. These points 
 are very significant when we remember that they are good indexes to the 
 social life of a people. The truth is accepted without an argument that society is 
 founded on the principles of Christianity, and when any people practically 
 recognize this truth in the maintenance of the gospel you always have the strong- 
 est assurances of a healthy social life. There is a flourishing Young Men's 
 Christian Association, which has a large hall, beautifully carpeted and 
 furnished. 
 
 Private schools are numerous and good. Some are managed by teachers 
 of fine culture and large experience. The people are alive to the necessity of 
 supporting their schools, and, as an evidence of this spirit, there are a large 
 graded institute and four or five private schools well supported. 
 
 \\1 
 
 AT GADSDEX HAS NOW 
 
 She has four saw mills, with a capacity of 20,000,000 feet per year; two 
 paint mills, an ice factory, one large furnace in opei'ation and two buildings 
 two flour mills, a large foundry and machine shop, a cotton compress, three 
 large planing mills connected with the saw mills, and a fourth running inde- 
 pendently, a large pottery, over fifty stores, three or four livery stables, a white 
 
298 North Alabama. 
 
 and colored opera house, three hotels, one national bank, a steamboat line, a 
 large number of churches and a splendid school system for both races. In 
 addition, she is splendidly lighted by electricity, has costly waterworks, which 
 give a i:)ressure of over eighty pounds in the town, and has built and opened a 
 brick hotel costing $40,000, which is run by one of the best hotel men in 
 the country. The streets are in splendid condition, the public buildings in 
 good repair, and there is an air of thrift and enterprise in every direction. 
 The city owes but a small debt, and taxes are so low that scarcely anything 
 is returned to the State as unpaid. The tax on city property is only one-half 
 of one per cent., and cannot exceed this, however large the city may grow, as 
 it is a law enacted by the city. 
 
 W 
 
 HAT GADSDEN NEEDS 
 
 When the third furnace is completed there should be a.bloomary and a 
 merchant bar mill established, and much of the iron should be worked up at 
 home. The people intend it shall be. It will be a splendid location for a tool 
 or agricultural works. Hoes, rakes, shovels and such implements can be made 
 here cheaper than in any town in Pennsylvania. The country about is full 
 of the finest oak, hickory, ash, and other desirable woods, and a large wagon 
 and furniture factory would find everything needed at hand. A tannery, to 
 work up the millions of tons of oak bark which abound on the hills around ; 
 establishments to work up the oak and hickory, which are inexhaustible. These 
 are enterprises which would be carefully fostered in this community. A stove 
 foundry is also a necessity here, and would do a prosperous business. 
 
 rONCLUSION 
 
 It is justly claimed that foresight, approximately accurate, is one of the 
 most valuable acquisitions of a business man. Gadsden holds out most excel- 
 lent opi^ortunities for the employment of this valuable faculty. Many of its 
 present wealthy citizens owe their success to their knowledge of Gadsden's 
 advantages and their belief in the greatness of its future. Its growth has been 
 solid and substantial. Its real estate is based upon actual values and not 
 "boom" prices. With the rapid though conservative advance of the city, 
 will naturally follow the increase of value of its property. The wise investor, 
 guided by the above statement of its advantages, will, after personal investi- 
 gation, find in Gadsden the solid profit-making place for his investment. He 
 will see that, as an ideal manufacturing center, as a health resort, as a place of 
 residence, Gadsden — the "Pearl of the Valley" — fills the bill. 
 
^Atti.m»s, 
 
 Sketches of Prominent Firms— Merchants, Manufac- 
 turers, Real Estate Agents, Etc. 
 
 Land Company. 
 
 THE GADSDEN LAND AND IM- 
 PROVEMENT COMPANY.— The Gads- 
 "den Land and Improvement Company 
 was organized in January, 1887. The 
 Company is one of the most substantial 
 .in the State, and owns three thousand 
 (3,000) lots in, around and near the city. 
 Much of this property is situated on an 
 elevated plateau, eighty to one hundred 
 feet above the river, and comprises, un- 
 questionably, the most beautiful sites for 
 residences to be found anywhere in Ala- 
 bama. These lots are 50 x 140 feet, and 
 front on broad and well-shaded avenues 
 -of native oak and hickory. The water 
 Jaere is unsurpassed, and being elevated, 
 the air is always pure, fresh and clear, 
 as the smoke and dust of the city are 
 avoided. The natural advantages pos- 
 sessed by this residence i3roperty make 
 it in demand by those seeking beautiful 
 and healthful homes, and it will con- 
 tinue to increase in value. The Com- 
 pany has property also along the river 
 front and the several lines of railroad 
 suitable for manufacturing purposes- 
 foundries, machine shops, planing mills, 
 etc., etc. The land oflered for manufac- 
 turing purj)oses is most advantageously 
 located, and possesses all requisite facil- 
 ities. A certain tract has been thus set 
 apart for manufacturing sites, which will 
 be offered to investors on unusually fav- 
 orable terms. This property is all 
 reached by the Citj' Waterworks Com- 
 pany and the Coosa River. 
 
 It is frequently the case in new and 
 thriving cities that land values are in 
 -advance, or not in proportion to the size 
 ^nd degree of prosi^erity of the city 
 
 itself. The result is, numerous would-be 
 investors are frightened off by high 
 prices. This will not apply to Gadsden 
 or the lots held by the Land and 
 Improvement Company. The Com- 
 pany's policy is to make their profit out 
 of the large aggregate of sales, and not a 
 few. In view of this, they offer lots at 
 exceedingly low figures, on long time 
 and easy payments, and purchasers who 
 build within six months after buying, 
 will have advantage of a liberal discount. 
 These inducements are as liberal as they 
 are unusual, and are attracting hun- 
 dreds of people throughout the country. 
 Business men contemplating the estab- 
 lishment of any kind of manufacturing 
 plant or industry will receive not only 
 the encouragement, but the aid of the 
 Company, and for this purpose the Com- 
 pany has set apart a $500,000 subsidy. 
 
 The capital stock of the Companv is 
 $3,000,000. This is paid up and unas- 
 sessable. The officers are from among 
 the most thorough and successful busi- 
 ness men in Alabama. They are : R. 
 B. Kyle, President ; Jno. S. Paden, Vice 
 Pi-esident; M. L. Foster, Secretary and 
 Treasurer, and W. H. Denson, Attor- 
 ney. 
 
 Col. R. B. Kyle, the President, is a 
 native of North Carolina, and came here 
 in 185G, when the town had only one 
 hundred and fifty inhabitants. Appre- 
 ciating the great natural advantages of 
 the place he determined to make it his 
 permanent home, and has, accordingly, 
 in these succeeding years, bent all his 
 energies to the upbuilding of the city. 
 He has been successful to a remarkable 
 degree, and is one of the largest owners 
 of real estate in the State. Personally 
 
300 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Colonel Kyle is a man of wonderful ex- 
 ecutive ability and indomitable energy. 
 He has tact, rather than talent, and pos- 
 sesses all those characteristics which 
 make up the successful business man. 
 He is naturally a leader, and the great- 
 Bess and importance of his work for 
 Gadsden can never be estimated. 
 
 Jolin S. Paden, Esq., the Vice Presi- 
 dent, is a Georgian, born and reared in 
 Cobb County, of that State. He is a self- 
 made man, and his success is an evi- 
 dence of what energy and decision of 
 character can accomplish. He began his 
 business career, since the war, as a shoe- 
 maker, and has risen, step by step, until 
 now he is one of the most prominent, 
 influential citizens in Gadsden. 
 
 Marcus L. Foster, Esq., Secretary and 
 Treasurer, is also a Georgian, and is a 
 son of the late General Ira P. Foster, 
 one of the most prominent men of his 
 time in Georgia. He has been a resi- 
 dent of Gadsden about fifteen years. He 
 is a son-in-law of Colonel Kjde. He is 
 a man of superior business ability, full 
 of push and energy, and lias those social 
 qualities which render him popular with 
 all classes. 
 
 Col. W. H. Denson, the Attorney, is 
 an Alabamian, and at present the United 
 States District Attorney for Northern 
 Alabama. He was educated at the 
 University of Alabama, and has risen to 
 eminence in his profession, and is re- 
 garded as one of the best lawyers in the 
 State. 
 
 The Directors are: W. H. Denson, 
 M. L. Chapman, W. M. Meeks, John S. 
 Paden, 11. B. Kyle, Geo. L. Morris and 
 H. Herzberg. Thus constituted and 
 under such officers and Board of Direc- 
 tors, tlie past success of tiie Companj^ is 
 no longer a matter of wonder, and its 
 prospective future is full of promise to 
 Gadsden. 
 
 General Merchandise. 
 
 POGUE & HERZBERG, Manufac- 
 turers and Dealers in Flooring, Ceiling, 
 Finishing Lumber, Etc. — In the ad- 
 vantages possessed by a city there are 
 certainly none of more importance than 
 the establishments connected with the 
 building interest, and none of such vital 
 importance to the community at large. 
 The largest and oldest representative es- 
 tablishment in this line in the city is 
 that of Messrs. Pogue & Herzberg, pro- 
 prietors of the Red Jacket Mills, manu- 
 facturing and dealing in all kinds of 
 flooring, ceiling, finishing lumber and 
 
 car and bridge material, whose attractive- 
 offices are eligibly located on the corner- 
 of Broad and Fourth streets. This ex- 
 tensive business was founded in 1857^ 
 and under enterprising and able man- 
 agement has rapidly gi'own in volume- 
 and importance. The plant covers an. 
 extensive area, and the saw mill and 
 planing mills are large and substantial 
 structures, fully equipped throughout 
 with the latest improved machinery. 
 The firm manufacture the best quality of 
 flooring, ceiling and finishing lumber^ 
 also of car and bridge material, dealing 
 extensively in the same. They possess 
 ample capital and unusual facilities for 
 direct transportation, and quote prices- 
 that cannot be duplicated elsewhere. 
 
 Messrs. J. L. Pogue and H. Herzberg 
 compose the firm. Mr. Pogue is one of" 
 the leading and most influential citizens 
 of Gadsden, and is highly respected in 
 the community. He is a native of Ala- 
 bama, and has a thoroughly practical ex- 
 perience in all the details of his l)usines8» 
 Besides his connection with this exten- 
 sive business Mr. H. Herzberg also deals 
 in general merchandise in this city. His 
 establishment ranks second to none in 
 the city, and with ample capital, a thor- 
 oughly comprehensive knowledge of the 
 requirements and responsibilities of the- 
 business, and honorable dealings, he has 
 enjoyed a continued success. He is 
 identified with the business in every de- 
 tail, having devoted many years to it.. 
 The premises occupied are spacious and 
 commodious, and conveniently located, 
 in the business part of the city, supplied 
 with all modern appliances for the trans- 
 action of business, and containing a full 
 and complete stock of general merchan- 
 dise, a specialty being made of commer- 
 cial fertilizers, bagging, ties, and planta- 
 tion supplies. 
 
 Mr. Herzberg is a native of Germany^ 
 but has been a resident of this city for 
 thirty years. He is a member of the 
 Masonic order, the Knights of Pythias^ 
 and Knights of Honor. He enjoys the 
 confidence and esteem of the entire com- 
 munity, and is justly entitled to the 
 liberal patronage of an appreciative 
 public. 
 
 Dry Goods. 
 
 S. W. BERGER & CO.— A popular 
 business establishment in this city is 
 that of Messrs. S. W. Berger & Co., 
 dealers in dry goods, clothing and shoes. 
 The house was established under the- 
 present auspices in 1880, and subsequent. 
 
Gadsden. 
 
 301 
 
 to that time has been the leading supply | 
 depot for the surrounding trade. In its 
 present status the firm occupies a two- 
 story brick, and in the elegantly ap- 
 pointed salesroom is displayed one of the I 
 finest assortment of goods to be seen in | 
 the city. Besides the almost endless va- 
 riety of dry goods, clothing and shoes 
 here displayed, a specialty is made of j 
 carpets, hats, furnishing goods, etc., great ! 
 inducements being ofl'ered in styles and 
 prices, and affording an assortment not ; 
 duplicated in this section of the State. ; 
 
 The experienced salesmen employed j 
 in the several departments are kei)t busy 
 in supplying the wants of the liberal 
 patronage. ' 
 
 The building in which this business 
 is conducted is systematically arranged 
 for a fine display of the goods handled. 
 Electric light is" used in the store, and 
 every requisite for the business fur- 
 nished. 
 
 Mr. Berger is a native of Austria. He 
 came to this city with a full knowledge 
 of the dry goods business, and estab- 
 lished the house, which, from its begin- 
 ning, has been recognized as being at 
 the head of this branch of trade in our 
 city, being always regarded as carrying 
 the finest stock of goods, and conducting 
 his business upon the highest plane of 
 commercial and jjersonal honor. Pie is 
 an honored member of the Knights of 
 Pythias. 
 
 Bank. 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK. — This 
 flourishing bank was organized April 4, 
 1887, and now enjoys a liberal patron- 
 age. 
 
 The officers of the Fir-st National 
 Bank have it in contemplation to in- 
 crease the capital stock to $100,000, its 
 capital now being $50,000. The estab- 
 lished reputation for reliability and 
 safety, which it has had from its start, 
 has procured the organization an increas- 
 ing and growing sphere of operations. 
 It transacts a general and extensive busi- 
 ness, and its affairs are entrusted to the 
 able and efficient management of the fol- 
 lowing men, well -and favorably known 
 throughout the district for their unques- 
 tionable integrity : A. L. Glenn, Pre.si- 
 dent; R. O. Randall, Vice President, and 
 W. G. Brockway, Cashier. 
 
 Mr. A. L. Glenn, the President, was 
 formerly a merchant. He is a member 
 of the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 Mr. K. O. Randall^ the Vice President, 
 is a native of New York. 
 
 Mr. W. G. Brockway, the Cashier, is a 
 native of Malone, New York. This gen- 
 tleman, too, belongs to the Knights of 
 Pythias. He is eminently suited to his 
 present position, .having had a lifelong 
 experience in the banking business at 
 Brownsville, Tennessee. 
 
 A prominent private bank (it should 
 be mentioned) was formerly run by two 
 of the above gentlemen in Gadsden, 
 under the name of Glenn, Brockway & 
 ing Company. 
 
 Cotton Buyers. 
 
 .JOHN S. PADEN & CO.— A most 
 gratifying fact in the development at- 
 tending the turn of Gadsden's financial 
 a9"airs toward general prosperity, is the 
 increased activity among the cotton buy- 
 ers and dealers in general merchandise, 
 wagons, buggies, etc. In no concern is 
 this more evident than that of Messrs. 
 John S. Paden & Co., who founded this 
 enterprise in 1881, and have met with a 
 most gratifying success. They occupy a 
 large, handsome and conveniently-ar- 
 ranged building. They do a general cot- 
 ton factoi'age business, receiving large 
 consignments from all parts of Alabama 
 and Georgia. All orders are filled with 
 care and attention, and remittances made 
 promptly as desired. They also deal in 
 general merchandise, and carry a full 
 line of wagons, buggies, etc. Their stock 
 is of durable and substantial make, gen- 
 eral satisfaction being given to all 
 patrons. Their trade is not confined to 
 the city, but extends into all the adjoin- 
 ing counties. 
 
 The individual members of the firm 
 are Messrs. John S. Paden and C. W. 
 Ewing, both natives of Georgia. 
 
 Mr. Paden is a member of the Knights 
 of Pythias, also of the Knights of 
 Honor. He is eminently a self-made 
 man, having risen from poverty to 
 affiuence by his own efforts. 
 
 They are both gentlemen of large ex- 
 perience in their line of business, con- 
 ducting business upon an upright and 
 liberal basis. They stand high in the 
 business community, as enterprising, 
 liberal, public-spirited citizens, and we 
 cheerfully accord them a place in this 
 review. 
 
 Car Manufactory. 
 THE ELLIOTT CAR COMPANY^— 
 The rapid advancement in the manufac- 
 turing arts, which so greatly distin- 
 guishes our American industries, isasub- 
 ject of interesting study. 
 
302 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 One of the most noted establishments 
 to he found in this section of the coun- 
 try is the Elliott Car Company, manu- 
 facturers of all kinds of freiglit cars. 
 Four hundred experienced operatives are 
 employed at this plant, which is located 
 one mile from the center of Gadsden, and 
 "Covers an area of several acres. Every 
 kind of freight car is manufactured, 
 twelve cars being turned out daily. All 
 the newest and latest patents in machin- 
 ery are used, the machinery in the wood 
 shop having been furnished by J. A. Fay 
 tt Co. and the machinerv bv the Niles 
 Tool Works, Hamilton, Uhio". 
 
 The general manager of these Avorks 
 is Mr. J. M. Elliott, Jr., a native of 
 Rome, Georgia. He is also treasurer and 
 general manager of the Elliott Pig Iron 
 Company, located twenty-four miles from 
 Gadsden, his father, Mr. J. M. Elliott, 
 being President of said Company. This 
 corporation has been in operation since 
 1873, and manufactures on an extensive 
 scale car-wheel Round Mountain pig 
 iron. The furnace, as above stated, is 
 located at Round Mountain, Alabama, 
 twenty-four miles from Gadsden, the 
 general office being in Gadsden. 
 
 Mr. Elliott, Jr., was educated at the 
 Emory and Henry College, Virginia. He 
 was in the steamboat business from 1873 
 to 1877, when, in the course of a year, 
 he embarked in the saw mill business 
 (being still interested in the same busi- 
 ness in Hyle's Lumber Company at 
 Gadsden). 
 
 Mr. Elliott, Jr., was the first to estab- 
 lish a yellow pine lumber yard in Kan- 
 sas City. In connection with this he es- 
 tablished a large saw mill in Texas. To 
 his superb management is due the grand 
 success which the Elliott Car Company 
 has attained, and in every way is he 
 abundantly worthy of his large measure 
 of success. 
 
 Iron, 
 
 THE GADSDEN IRON COMPANY. 
 — One of the most flourishing and ex- 
 tensive iron companies known in the 
 State is the Gadsden Iron Company. 
 This Company does an extensive busi- 
 ness in the manufacture of charcoal pig 
 iron. Under wise and conservative 
 guidance it ranks among the most pros- 
 perous in the South, and the officers are 
 to be congratulated upon the successful 
 outcome of their efforts. Each year the 
 scope of its operations has been enlarged, 
 the demand continually increasing. 
 
 The officers of the Company are men 
 whose names are familiar in this section. 
 
 Mr. A. J. Crawford, the President, is 
 a native of Pennsylvania, and is one of 
 the active promoters of Alabama's ma- 
 terial development. He has the appre- 
 ciated support in the Company's execu- 
 tive management of Mr. T. W. Stewart, 
 Secretary and Treasurer, who energetic- 
 ally discharges the onerous duties de- 
 volving ujion him. This gentleman is a 
 native of Indiana. 
 
 They are men of fine character and 
 standing, and are in every way worthy of 
 the success they have attained, and the 
 esteem in which, they are held by all 
 with whom they have dealings. 
 
 Wholesale Grocer. 
 
 S. W. RIDDLE & CO.— In endeavor- 
 ing to preserve some record .of commer- 
 cial firms of the city by historical notes, 
 our object in introducing this depart- 
 ment of our work is attributable more 
 to a desire to gather together remem- 
 brances of an interesting nature, rather 
 than to seek opportunity for personal 
 compliment. But it is quite admissible 
 for us to say that Messrs. S. W. Riddle 
 & Co., wholesale grocers, grain and pro- 
 vision dealers, belong to that class of en- 
 terprising, sagacious and successful 
 merchants who have been prominently 
 identified with the commercial interests 
 of the city for many years, and to whose 
 enterpiise and perseverance, as well as 
 sterling integrity, those interests are in- 
 debted for much of their present vigor 
 and development. This enterprise was 
 first started by S. W. Riddle m 1875, the 
 present firm being formed in 1883 by the 
 admission intopartnershipof Messrs. S. S. 
 Caldwell and S. S Spence. Throughout 
 its existence the house has had a very 
 successful career, the bu.siness increasing 
 steadily year by year. A large building 
 is occupied which fronts directly on the 
 railroad, and no house in the trade carries 
 a larger or more complete stock, or pos- 
 sesses better facilities for the transaction 
 of business. Their store and stock is the 
 largest in Gadsden. 
 
 The individual members of the firm 
 are: Messrs. S. W. Riddle, S. S. Cald- 
 well and S. S. Spence. 
 
 Mr. Riddle was born in Talladega 
 County, Alabama. He runs a large stock 
 farm near Gadsden, and is also identified 
 : with the merchandising business at Ox- 
 ford, with the firm of Smith & Kiddle. 
 
 Messrs. Caldwell and Spence are natives 
 respectively of Alabama and Arkansas. 
 
Gadsden. 
 
 303 
 
 Both gentlemen were raised on a farm, 
 the former having resided in this city for 
 eight years, and the latter for twelve 
 years. All these gentlemen possess ad- 
 mirable business qualities, and are in 
 every way eminently qualified to stand 
 at the head of this line of trade in Gads- 
 den. By their activity, energy and 
 prompt characteristics, they have won 
 for themselves and their house a high 
 business reputation. 
 
 Clothing, Etc, 
 
 PHILIPS BRO. & CO.— Among the 
 mercantile enterprises which form the 
 basis of the commercial wealth and im- 
 portance of this busy city, will 
 be found the firm whose name is 
 at the head of this article. This 
 house was founded in 1887 by the con- 
 solidation of the firm of Martin & Philips 
 .and B. F. Philips. An immense stock 
 of dry goods, clothing, boots, shoes, hats, 
 hardware, groceries and general merchan- 
 dise is carried. A large force of clerks 
 is employed, and the voluminous trade 
 extends "throughout the State. 
 
 Messrs. ^V. R. Philips, B. F. Philips 
 and J. T. Martin compose the firm, the 
 two former gentlemen being natives of 
 Alabama, the latter of Georgia. All are 
 prominent and influential figures in local 
 trade circles, and are numbered among 
 our leading and most highly respected 
 business men. 
 
 Grocerif. 
 HALE & CO.— To the rapid growth of 
 Gadsden as a flourishing trade cen- 
 ter in the last few years and in the 
 -development of her material pros- 
 perity her mercantile houses have 
 largely contributed. Among these the 
 firm of Hale & Co. has taken a lead- 
 leading part, and its trade is a large item 
 in the great aggregate of business trans- 
 acted here. The firm as now constituted 
 was organized in 1887. The prestige of 
 the house has been steadily maintained 
 and its trade rapidly increased and ex- 
 tended. The proprietors of this estab- 
 lishment occupy a large brick building, 
 and the location is a desirable one for 
 trade. A large stock of fresh groceries, 
 both staple and fancy, is kept constantly 
 •on hand, such as to make it to one's de- 
 cided advantage to patronize this firm. 
 They also carry a large stock of flour, 
 bran and hay, and make it a point to al- 
 ways give the best for the money. 
 
 Mr. J. E. Hale is a native of Gadsden, 
 :.and was formerly proprietor of the 
 
 Phcenix Hotel, and was at one time con- 
 nected with the dry goods house of 
 Berger & Co., of this city. He has been 
 actively engaged in business here for 
 several years, and enjoys the esteem of 
 all with whom he has dealings. This 
 gentleman is accounted a representative 
 leader of successful business enterprises, 
 and merits the patronage he enjoys. 
 
 Planing Mills. 
 
 G.VDSDEN PLANING MILLS. — 
 
 Prominently among the extensive indus- 
 trial enterprises which form the basis of 
 the commercial wealth and importance 
 of this city should be mentioned the 
 Gadsden Planing Mills. This business 
 was founded in 1884, and by able man- 
 agement it has assumed the projjortions 
 of a representative and leading industry. 
 The mills ai-e equipped with all the best 
 improved machinery, operated by steam 
 power. A large force of hands is em- 
 ployed in the execution of the superior 
 work, for which these mills are 
 widely noted. Here are manufactured 
 all kinds of sawed and planed lumber, 
 all kinds of doors, sash, frames, blinds, 
 moldings and mantels of every style 
 and description, in fact, all kinds of 
 building material are either luade to or- 
 der or furnished on short notice, and 
 prices and terms are reasonable. Con- 
 tractors' and builders' estimates fur- 
 nished on application. 
 
 Messrs. T. B. Gwin, M. L. Hicks and 
 M. E. Lane, composing the firnj, are gen- 
 tlemen of sterling business worth. At 
 their office on Chestnut street, between 
 Second and Third streets, patrons will 
 receive prompt and courteous attention. 
 
 Mr. Gwin is a native of South Caro- 
 lina. He is a public-spirited and jsopu- 
 lar man; is a member of the orders of 
 Masons and Odd Fellows. 
 
 Mr. Hicks is a native of Tennessee, 
 and is a prominent member of the Good 
 Templars, Odd Fellows. Knights of 
 Pythias and Masons. 
 
 Mr. Lane canie from Ohio, where he 
 stood high in commercial and social cir- 
 cles. He is a member of several socie- 
 
304 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 ties, prominent among which might be 
 mentioned the ^Masons, Odd Fellows and 
 Good Templars. 
 
 These gentlemen are all well-known 
 businessmen, and deserving of the con- 
 fidence and large patronage their honor- 
 able business career has secured. 
 
 The work turned out by these mills 
 commands a ready and extended market. 
 
 ILUM3ER, 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 WALTER S. STAXDIFER.— The lum- 
 ber trade is one of the most important 
 brauL-hes of mercantile activity in Gads- 
 den and prol)a[)ly gives employment to 
 more people tlian any other line of busi- 
 ness. In compiling an industrial review 
 of Gadsden's representative business 
 houses we give prominent mention to 
 that of Walter S. Standifei-, lumber dealer 
 and manufacturer of sasli, doors, blinds, 
 moldings, weatherboard ing, flooring, 
 ceiling and builders' supplies. 
 
 ]Mr. Staudifer has ably and efficiently 
 conducted the lousiness since December, 
 1887, being the successor to Messrs. 
 Standifer & Owram. The lumber yard 
 covers a large area, twenty-five men be- 
 ing given daily employment. The sash, 
 doors, blinds, etc., manufactured are 
 made of well-seasoned materials and con- 
 tribute largely to the supply of an exten- 
 sive trade throughout this section of the 
 State. Mr. Standifer contracts and builds 
 houses. He built the depots of the An- 
 niston & Cincinnati Railroad. He is a 
 native of this State, having resided here 
 since 1869, and he has been in business 
 here since 1881. Mr. Standifer is a 
 Mason, Odd Fellow, and a member of the 
 Knights of Pythias. He is practically 
 experienced in every detail of the lum- 
 ber business and is amply qualified for 
 conducting the business with increasing 
 success. 
 
 General Merchandise. 
 SA:\r HENRY.— There are few busi- 
 ness enterprises tliat have the capacity 
 for wider range and scope than the gen- 
 eral merchandising business. Success in 
 this business requires activity and energy 
 
 and keen business tact. Among those - 
 who are considered as prominent in this 
 trade, we mention Sam Henry. This 
 business occupies a substantial brick 
 building, an important acquisition being 
 a splendid tire-proof vault with a three- 
 foot wall. An immense stock, embrac- 
 ing everything pertaining to the trade is 
 carried, and the general business reaches 
 throughout the State, inclusive of a fine 
 local patronage. 
 
 i\Ir. Henry was born in Sevier County,. 
 Tennessee, and has resided in this city 
 since February, 18G6. He is a member- 
 of the Masonic Order, also of the Knights 
 of Honor. He has forty years experience 
 in the business in which he is engaged, . 
 a thorough knowledge of every detail, 
 and a high reputation for integrity and 
 fair dealing. He has reared a business 
 which entitles him to his distinction of a 
 representative Gadsden merchant. His 
 son is with him, and has proven a. 
 valuable assistant to his father. 
 
 Liuery, Feed and Sale Stable. 
 
 PAL:\IETT0 STABLES, T. J. Phillips,. 
 Proprietor. — An important acquisition to • 
 the business and pleasure facilities of 
 any community is a well-equipped and 
 well-conducted livery stable. In this 
 connection are the " Palmetto Stables," 
 owned and conducted by INIr. T. J. 
 Phillips, which claim a wide notice and. 
 the appreciation of the public for their 
 manifest conveniences to the citizens of 
 Gadsden, as well as those desiring to buy, 
 sell, board and feed horses, or hire 
 horses and vehicles of any kind. This 
 business was founded in 1884 by Mr. A. 
 L. Woodlift, who was succeeded by T. 
 J. Philips, in ]March, 1888. The premises 
 consist of a brick structure admirably 
 arranged and equipped for the purpose. 
 A general livery and boarding business ■ 
 is done, and a large and libei'al patronage 
 drawn from the best city custom. The 
 stalls, which are about tifty-two in num- 
 ber, are all neat, clean and coTufortable. 
 Besides boarding a great number of 
 horses, the firm keeps on hand for livery 
 purposes twenty head of horses; also a 
 number of mules and horses for sale, to- 
 gether with a fine line of carriages, bug- 
 gies, harness and farm wagons. The es- 
 tablishment is kept in the most perfect 
 order, which is due to the able manage- 
 ment of ]\Ir. C. W. Rivenbark, the 
 efficient and long experienced superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 I\Ir. T. J. Phillips is a native of Lan- 
 caster, South Carolina, and is a member 
 
Gadsden. 
 
 305 
 
 -of the Masonic Order. He is a gentle- 
 man long prominent and highly esteemed 
 in business circles. In the conduct of 
 his extensive business he has been ably 
 assisted by Mr. C W. Eivenbark, to 
 whose well-directed efforts may be largely 
 ascribed the continuous success of the 
 -'• Palmetto Stables." 
 
 Furnace. 
 
 THE GADSDEN AND ALABAMA 
 TURN ACE COMPANY.— A business 
 history of Gadsden without some space 
 allotted to this enterprise — one of the 
 greatest and largest known to Gadsden 
 and the State of Alal^ama — would fall 
 short of the object of this work, de- 
 signed, as it is, to reach the thousands of 
 readers far and near. 
 
 The Gadsden and Alabama Furnace 
 Company, situated exactly one and a 
 quarter miles from the courthouse, has a 
 capacity of 100 tons of iron per day. 
 This company, since its origin, has, under 
 the able management of its officers, met 
 with a full measure of success. The fur- 
 nace is one of the largest in the entire 
 South. The stoves used are the cele- 
 brated "Whitney" make and the 
 machinery is the latest and most im- 
 proved. Colonel Ellis Col^yar, of Chat- 
 tanooga, President of the Company, is a 
 man of fine executive ability. 
 
 IMr. George L. iNIorris, of Birmingham, 
 is Vice President. 
 
 ]Mr. W. G. Brockway, a gentleman 
 well known to all in and around Gads- 
 den, is Secretary. This gentleman is 
 cashier of the First National Bank of 
 Gadsden. 
 
 The above members of this Company 
 are all well known as men of the highest 
 standing and repute, and their immense 
 business is the outgrowth of energy and 
 push. 
 
 Paint. 
 
 METALLIC PAINT COMPANY.— 
 
 Among the large and prosperous indus- 
 trial enterprises of this city is the Gads- 
 den Metallic Paint Company, manufac- 
 turers of dry metallic paint. This busi- 
 ness was founded in 1887, the officers 
 being R. O. Randall, President ; S. W. 
 Berger, Vice President ; J. R. Nowlin, 
 Secretary and Treasurer, and J. E. 
 Chumley, Superintendent of the mills. 
 It is generally known that ore is found 
 in no other locality in the South better 
 adapted to the manufacture of paint 
 than that obtainable at Gadsden. The 
 
 paint manufactured is pronounced by 
 the best judges as unrivaled for factories, 
 cars, bridges, roofing and all structures 
 exposed to the weather ; therefore, it 
 finds ready sales throughout the country. 
 The premises are well arranged and ap- 
 propriately equipped and the extensive 
 business gives employment to a corps of 
 experienced workmen. The house en- 
 joys an exten.sive and rapidly increasing 
 Southern trade, and the annual business 
 is of eminently prosperous aggregate. 
 
 Mr. R. 0. Randall is a native of New 
 York, but has resided in this citv since 
 1878. 
 
 IMessrs. Berger and Nowlin are natives 
 respectively of Austria and Virginia. 
 Both gentlemen are prominent dry goods 
 merchants of this city. 
 
 Mr. Chumley removed to this city from 
 Chattanooga, Tennessee, and is thor- 
 oughly conversant with the paint trade, 
 having been for twenty years in the 
 manufacture of mineral paint. The 
 Company is popular in commercial circles 
 and amply qualified, and the members are 
 conscientious business men, and enjoy 
 the confidence and esteem of the entire 
 community. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 W. P. LAY.— The lumber trade, like 
 all other branches of commercial activity, 
 is well represented in this busy city, the 
 most prominent establishment in this 
 line being that of the Gadsden Lumber 
 Company, W. P. Lay, Manager, manu- 
 facturer of long leaf yellow pine lumber. 
 The plant covers an extensive area, and 
 is located a short distance from the city, 
 near the river. The saw mill and plan- 
 ing mills are large and substantial struc- 
 tures, fully equipped throughout with 
 the latest improved macliinery, the 
 motive power being supplied by a pow- 
 erful engine. The best quality of lum- 
 ber is manufactured, a specialty being 
 made of bridge and car lumber, which 
 are made of well-seasoned timber, and 
 contribute largely to the supply of a 
 very extensive trade throughout the 
 State. All orders are promptly filled on 
 short notice. 
 
 Mr. Lay is a native of Alabama. His 
 offices are located on Broad street. He 
 is practically experienced in every de- 
 tail of the lumber business, and is amply 
 qualified for conducting the enterprise 
 to a successful issue. In addition to this 
 large enterprise he is president of the 
 Electric Light Company, and is presi- 
 dent of the Gadsden Hotel Company. 
 
306 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 He is managing executor of Mr. W. P. 
 
 Hollingsworth's estate, which is vahied 
 at $250,000. He is an lionored member 
 of the Knights of Pythias and popularly 
 numbered among Gadsden's ablest and 
 most highly respected citizens. 
 
 Liquor. 
 
 A. YOUNG & CO.— The wholesale 
 and retail business house of Messrs. A. 
 Young & Co. has enjoyed an uninter- 
 rupted career of success and prosperity. 
 The premises occupied are eligibly lo- 
 cated, the building being a sj^acious and 
 commodious brick structure, two stories 
 high, and fully equipped with all modern 
 facilities and conveniences. A large, 
 comprehensive and complete stock is 
 carried, which comprises every varietj' 
 of the choicest wines and liquors. The 
 individual members of the firm are 
 Messrs. A. Young and J. D. Young. 
 They are brothers and natives of Etowah 
 Count}', each being respected members 
 of the Knights of Pythias. They are 
 experienced, and are acknowledged the 
 leading liquor merchants in this city. 
 They have an enviable reputation in the 
 community for ability and sound busi- 
 ness princij^les, reflecting honor upon 
 themselves, and meriting the confidence 
 of their fellow-citizens. 
 
 Dry Goods, Notions, Etc. 
 
 TOLSON BROS.— The extensive busi- 
 ness now carried on by the firm 
 name of Tolson Bros, was originally es- 
 tablished in September, 1886, by Messrs. 
 PloUingsworth & Tolson. In January, 
 1888, the partnership was changed by M. 
 Hollingsworth withdrawing by mutual 
 consent and Mr. James C. Tolson coming 
 into the firm. The partners are thor- 
 oughly conversant with every detail of 
 their enterprise, and make a study of 
 pleasing their many customers, causing 
 their establishment to be the popular 
 source of supply of a large proportion of 
 the fashionable gentlemen of Gadsden 
 and vicinity. Centrally located for busi- 
 ness purposes their i^remises are con- 
 veniently and attractively fitted up, and 
 the order and system pervading their es- 
 tablishment are a sure index of the busi- 
 ness methods and ability of the pro- 
 prietors. The stock is varied and com- 
 plete, and includes the latest and best 
 ready-made clothing in the market, suited 
 to all both in quality and prices. Gents' 
 iurnishing goods of every description, 
 omprising the latest novelties and pat- 
 
 terns; hats, caps, trunks, etc. Popular- 
 prices prevail in all things, and polite 
 and attentive clerks serve customers in- 
 telligently and promptly. 
 
 The individual members of the firm, 
 Messrs. Joseph B. and James C. Tol- 
 son, are natives of Mississippi. Mr. J. B. 
 Tolson is a member of the Knights of 
 Pythias, and has lived in Gadsden for 
 thirteen years. Both gentlemen are held 
 in the highest estimation in social and 
 commercial circles for their kind and 
 courteous manners and strict integrity, 
 and the success obtained is due to their 
 energy, perseverance and ability. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 PHILLIPS, CAMPBELL & CO.— 
 
 Among the well-established and pros- 
 perous business enterprises located in 
 Gadsden is the furniture and under- 
 taking establishment of Messrs. Phillips,. 
 Campbell & Co., successors to J. W. 
 Phillips. The present partnershija was- 
 formed in September, 1887, and by able 
 management has secured a liberal patron- 
 age. They carry a large stock of furni- 
 ture, embracing choice parlor, chamber 
 and diningroom furniture of all styles- 
 and new designs, chairs, tables, etc. 
 Everything sold by this firm is guaran- 
 teed to be well worth the money in in- 
 vested. 
 
 Messrs. Phillips, Campbell & Co., are 
 practical undertakers. There is no- 
 profession or calling requiring a more 
 thorough knowledge of detail than that 
 of a funeral director or undertaker, and 
 there isn't a firm in this city more com- 
 petent to carrj^ on such a business than 
 the firm now under our consideration. 
 They possess every facility and all im- 
 proved appliances for the preservation 
 of the dead. A large and complete stock 
 of coflins and caskets, qualities and 
 prices are furnished with dispatch, and 
 complete charge of the ceremony of in- 
 terment undertaken. The M^arerooms 
 and offices of the house are located in a 
 two-story brick building and are models 
 of perfect arrangement. 
 
 Mr. J. W. Phillips is a native of Mobile, 
 Alabama, and formerly clerked in a fur- 
 niture house in that city. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Knights of Pythias, and stands 
 high in commercial and social circles. 
 
 Mr. R. C. Campbell is a native of 
 Meigs County, Tennessee, and is a mem- 
 ber of the Order of Masons. 
 
 Mr. L. B. Saulpaw (the company of the 
 firm) is a native of Tennessee,, and a • 
 man of experience. 
 
Gadsden. 
 
 307 
 
 A review of the business done by this 
 house shows that it is worthy of sucli 
 prominent mention, and Gadsden may 
 justly be proud of such a house as this. 
 They have a large branch house in An- 
 niston. 
 
 Tinware and Stoves. 
 
 H.J. HALLOCK estabhshed this en- 
 terprise in 1884, since which the business 
 has annually increased in volume. Eligi- 
 bly located for his large trade he oc- 
 cupies a large and conveniently-arranged 
 storeroom. He has every facility for his 
 business, which, by reason of fair dealing, 
 has attained large proportions. The 
 stock carried consists of all kinds of 
 heating and cooking stoves, at prices to 
 suit the wants of all. A full line of tin- 
 ware is carried in stock. All kinds of 
 tin and iron work in his line are ex- 
 ecuted in the best manner. 
 
 Mr. Hallock is a native of New York 
 State, and since his location in Gadsden, 
 and the establishment of this enterprise, 
 he has obtained so liberal a share of pub- 
 lic favor that his ability and integrity 
 are amply proven. 
 
 Mr. Hallock makes a specialty of 
 selecting the best goods and of pleasing 
 his patrons. Everything in stock is 
 guaranteed of best quality, while the 
 prices (quality considered) are exceed- 
 ingly low. 
 
 Mr. Hallock is a member of the Order 
 of Masons and a gentleman highly es- 
 teemed in trade circles. The suljstantial 
 and rapid progress of his business is but 
 a natural reSex of his energetic and 
 capable management and an illustration 
 of what can be accomplished by business 
 principles correctly applied. 
 
 Paper Hanging, Etc. 
 
 R. J. HOGAN.— Among the widely- 
 known and representative business 
 houses of Gadsden is that of R. J. Hogan, 
 located on Broad street, under the John- 
 son House. The firm is the only and 
 leading representative in this line of 
 business in Gadsden. The proprietor is 
 experienced in the details of his business. 
 The premises occupied consist of a sub- 
 stantial brick building, admirably ar- 
 ranged and equipped with all the needed 
 facilities for the transaction of business. 
 Many experienced hands are employed. 
 The stock carried is the most varied and 
 comprehensive of any of its line in the 
 city, and includes the finest and most 
 artistic products in foreign and domestic 
 
 wall paper, window shades, and interior 
 decorations of all kinds to suit the taste 
 of all. A full line of moldings is always 
 kept in stock. 
 
 Mr. Hogan thoroughly understands his 
 business and is prompt in all transac- 
 tions, making the house a pleasant one 
 to deal with. He is an energetic and 
 clear-headed business man and to his 
 financial integrity and executive ability 
 may be ascribed the success and standing 
 of the house. 
 
 Liquors. 
 
 J. A. HUGHES & CO.— The liquor 
 trade is an important factor in the jiro- 
 gress of metropolitan commerce, giving 
 employment in its prosecution to large 
 capital and many of its ablest merchants. 
 A representative city house in this line 
 is that of Messrs. J. A. Hughes & Co.^ 
 ranking as headquarters for pure and un- 
 adulterated liquors. The house was es- 
 tablished in 1874, and since that time 
 has been conducted with signal ability 
 and success. The premises consist of a 
 two-story brick building, and is fully- 
 equipped with all the modern facilitiea 
 and conveniences. A complete stock, 
 including every variety of the choicest 
 wines and liquors, is kept. Experienced 
 salesmen are employed, and the business 
 is both extensive and prosperous. The 
 memljers of the firm are Messrs. J. A. 
 Hughes and AV^. L. Echols, who were 
 born in this city. They possess enviable 
 reputations in the community, reflecting 
 credit upon themselves, and meriting 
 the good will and confidence of their 
 fellow-citizens. Their fathers were the 
 first settlers in this city, the father of 
 Mr. Echols being an eminent physician, 
 while the father of Mr. Hughes was an 
 able and successful farmer. Messrs. 
 Hughes and Echols are members of the 
 order of the Knights of Pythias. We 
 take pleasure in thus presenting to our 
 readers a short sketch of this enterpris- 
 ing firm. 
 
 General Merchandise. 
 
 McDUFFIE & CHRISTOPHER, Gen- 
 eral Merchandise. — One of the represent- 
 ative mercantile houses of this city in its 
 line of trade is that of Messrs. McDuffie 
 & Christopher, dealers in general mer- 
 chandise. Having but recently estab- 
 lished the enterprise here, opening in 
 March, 1887, they have achieved a 
 marked degree of public favor, owing to- 
 the general excellence of the merchan- 
 
308 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 dise handled and the upright dealings 
 ■which have characterized the transac- 
 tions of the proprietors. They occupy 
 admirably located quarters and so numer- 
 ous are the departments of the enterprise 
 that many assistants are employed in 
 the service of patrons. Their salesroom 
 is supplied with every facility and con- 
 venience needed in the successful con- 
 duct of the business, while the varied 
 and com}n-ehensive stock carried em- 
 braces dry goods of all kinds, imported 
 and domestic ; notions, clothing of every 
 -quality and style ; boots, shoes and hats ; 
 hardware, groceries, both fancy and 
 staple, and everything that comes under 
 the head of general merchandise. The 
 trade of this house extends throughout 
 the city and vicinity, and is permanently 
 established among the best known resi- 
 dents. Messrs. McDufhe & Christopher 
 are justly esteemed in social and mer- 
 cantile circles as capable, exi^erienced 
 and reliable merchants of the strictest 
 honor and integrity. They well deserve 
 the success that has attended their ef- 
 forts. 
 
 Druggist. 
 
 J. R. NOWLIN, Druggist and Apoth- 
 ecary. — This is one of tlie most complete 
 and reliable pharmacies in Gadsden, 
 and, for twenty years it has supplied a 
 large proportion of the population of the 
 city and vicinity. The premises occu- 
 pied are advantageously located, and 
 are fitted up and equipped with all the 
 facilities and conveniences needed in a 
 first-class drug establishment. Here 
 may be found a large and complete as- 
 sortment of pure and fresh drugs and 
 •chemicals, druggists' sundries, soaps, 
 perfumes, toilet articles, paints, oils, etc., 
 all sold at reasonables prices. Special 
 care and attention are given to the com- 
 pounding of physicians' prescriptions 
 and family recipes by skillful and ex- 
 perienced pharmacists. Mr. Nowlin is a 
 native of Virginia. He is a popular and 
 widely-known business man, and since 
 the founding of his business in 1867 he 
 has held the patronage of the best known 
 residents of the city and county. Mr. 
 Nowlin is well -fitted foi the business, 
 having made a life study of his profes- 
 sion. The utmost confidence is reposed 
 in his skill and accuracy as a pharmacist 
 In the many years of business life in 
 this city he has gained a leading place 
 ^mong the representative men, and is 
 held in high esteem by all with whom 
 he is brought in business contact or pro- 
 
 fessional relations. His success in a 
 business way is the best evidence that 
 his eflforts are appreciated by the public. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 ALEXANDER & HIGHTOWER, 
 Staple and Fancy Groceries. — It is an in- 
 variable rule that those merchants who 
 acquire the greatest popularity have 
 based their claims to public favor not 
 only on the superior quality of their 
 wares, but also upon the sterling busi- 
 ness principles of honor and probity, to 
 which double cause is traceable the suc- 
 cess enjoyed by Alexander & Hightower, 
 whose retail grocery house was estab- 
 lished in 1887. The premises occupied 
 consist of a two-story brick building, 
 which is admirably arranged and equip- 
 ped. Here is displayed alarge and care- 
 fully selected assortmen-t of fancy and 
 staple groceries from every clime, grain, 
 hay and bran, which are handled in re- 
 tail quantities, and contribute largely to 
 the supply of a w^ell-developed and ex- 
 tensive trade throughout the city and 
 adjoining country. There are several 
 experienced salesmen belonging to this 
 house, and the permanent trade shows 
 a steady increase each succeeding month. 
 Mr. C. L. Hightower is a native of Geor- 
 gia, was formerly in business at Eufaula, 
 Alabama, and is a thorough business 
 man, being a graduate of Moore's Busi- 
 ness College, Atlanta. 
 
 Mr. W. Alexander is a native of Ala- 
 bama, and was formerly engaged as 
 bookkeeper for H. Herzberg, which posi- 
 tion he held for five years. In the late 
 w'ar he espoused the cause of the South, 
 and served with gallantry and zeal. Mr. 
 Alexander is a Mason in high standing. 
 
 This firm has an advantage over many 
 in similar lines of business in having 
 their store brilliantly lighted at night 
 with electric light, making purchases 
 as satisfactory as those of the day. In 
 their business career they have estab- 
 lished themselves in the general regard 
 and confidence of a long list of patrons. 
 
 Druggists. 
 
 WALKER & LIDDELL.— One of the 
 most active, enterprising and popular 
 business firms in Gadsden, is that of 
 Messrs. Walker & Liddell, druggists. 
 This enterprise was established in 1887, 
 and by strict attention, coupled with a 
 straightforward system of honorable 
 dealing, they have built up a permanent 
 trade. Their commodious and admira- 
 
Gadsden. 
 
 309 
 
 bly arranged store is well located for 
 business purposes, and admirably ar- 
 ranged for displaying to advantage a 
 large stock of drugs, medicines, soaps, 
 toilet articles, perfumes, etc., and the 
 neatness and system pervading the es- 
 tablishment bespeaks the taste and busi- 
 ness ability of the proprietors. 
 
 Absolute accuracy in the compound- 
 ing of prescriptions is always guaranteed, 
 and courteous attendance awaits all cus- 
 tomers at any hour of the day or night. 
 
 Mr. P. L. Walker is a native of Bar- 
 bour County, Alabama, and is a mem- 
 ber of the order of Masons. He is a man 
 •of ability, tact and judgment, and an 
 honor to the profession he has chosen. 
 
 Mr. J. B. Liddell is a Georgian by 
 birth, and since his residence in Gads- 
 den he has firmly established himself in 
 the confidence of commercial and social 
 •circles. 
 
 The firm is a representative house in 
 this line in Gadsden, and are deservedly 
 successful, having reared a large and fast 
 increasing business in one year's time. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 THE PRINTUP HOUSE.— In review- 
 ing the many important enterprises of a 
 city we speak of none of so much vital 
 interest to the prosperity of the city as 
 the character of its hotels. The best 
 hotel here, in its location, beauty and 
 accommodations, is the Printup House, 
 established July 5, 1888. Colonel J. T. 
 Sublett, a native of Richmond, Virginia, 
 is the proprietor. He has been in the 
 hotel business nearly all his life, having 
 been formerly connected with the old 
 Spotswood Hotel, at Richmond, Vir- 
 ginia, and also with the Gayoso Hotel, 
 Memphis, Tennessee. This house is a 
 handsome specimen of architecture, and 
 is fitted in the most complete manner 
 with all modei'n improvements and 
 lighted with incandescent lights in every 
 room. There are one hundred sleeping 
 apartments, well arranged and ventilated , 
 and furnished like the rest of the house 
 with walnut and cherry wood and marble 
 tops. The seating capacity of the spa- 
 cious dininghall is one hundred and 
 twenty-five, the table throughout the 
 year being laden with the substantials 
 and delicacies of the season. The kitchen 
 lias all the newest improvements known. 
 "With wide halls and attractive entrances, 
 and occupying the corner, as it does, it 
 is thoroughly ventilated and has de- 
 lightful views from all the rooms. The 
 •double parlors are superbly furnished, 
 
 21 
 
 and the entire house is carpeted with 
 Brussels and Turkish velvet car- 
 pets. The bridal chamber is second to 
 none outside New York City, being fur- 
 nished with the finest walnut furniture 
 and marble tops. Every bed has wire 
 woven springs, and every room an elec- 
 tric fire alarm bell. Bathrooms and 
 closets on every floor. The house is lo- 
 cated in the heart of the city. The fine 
 business abilities of Colonel Sublett can- 
 not but maintain the already high rep- 
 utation of the house, constantly on the 
 up grade. It is an agreeable task for us 
 to refer our readers, as well as visitors 
 to the South, to this establishment, in 
 which we are confident they will receive 
 all the comforts aud attention which the 
 most exacting may demand. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 W. L. AYCOCK.— One of the most 
 enterprising and popular business men 
 in the city is W. L. Aycock, whose well- 
 stocked grocery is headquarters for 
 everything in his line of trade. The 
 business was established in 1876, and by 
 strict attention, coupled with a straight- 
 forward system of honorable dealing, he 
 has received a large and permanent pat- 
 ronage. The store is a large two-story 
 brick building, and fitted up in the most 
 attractive manner. The stock of mer- 
 chandise is large and complete, embrac- 
 ing a full assortment of fancy and staple 
 gi'oceries, teas, coffees, spices, canned 
 goods, foreign and domestic fruits, coun- 
 try produce, etc. Mr. Aycock deals only 
 in goods of the highest grades, and pur- 
 chasers are guaranteed that supplies ob- 
 tained from him can be relied upon in 
 every particular. 
 
 He is a native of Georgia, and is a 
 Mason of high standing. During his 
 long business career in this city he has 
 won the esteem of all with whom he has 
 had business dealings. 
 
 His facilities for transacting business 
 are of an unusually complete character, 
 enabling him to ofler special advantages 
 to customers, and to execute all orders 
 promptly and in a satisfactory manner. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 FULLER & CHADWICK.— The un- 
 usual degree of success which has been 
 achieved since the establishment of this 
 popular and reliable grocery and provis- 
 ion house warrants the assertion that it 
 fairly bounded into public favor, and has 
 become a worthy representative of the 
 
310 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 trade by reason of the general excellence 
 of the food products handled, and the 
 moderate prices at which they may be 
 obtained. In 1887 Messrs. A. T. Fuller 
 and James M. (Jhadwick established the 
 business, and their ably directed efforts 
 have met with remarkable success. They 
 occupy a substantial two-story brick 
 building, located first door east of the 
 postoffice. Here may be found a varied 
 and comprehensive assortment of staple 
 and fancy groceries, including all the 
 delicacies of the season, and a large va- 
 riety of confectioneries ; also a stock of 
 corn, hay, bran, tobacco and cigars, all 
 of which may be purchased at prices 
 which compare favorably with those of 
 metropolitan houses. A widely extended 
 and liberal patronage has been secured 
 throughout the city and vicinity. 
 
 Messrs. Fuller and Chadwick are na- 
 tives respectively of Georgia and Ten- 
 nessee. They are prominent figures in 
 city trade circles, and are respected and 
 esteemed as Gadsden's representative 
 business men. 
 
 Mr. Chadwick is a member of the Ma- 
 sonic Order, and is now conducting an 
 extensive brick business in this city. 
 
 Architect. 
 
 WM. H. WILLETT, Architect and 
 Superintendent.— A decided revolution 
 has occurred in the construction and 
 architecture of imblic buildings and 
 private dwellings. Among the most 
 prominent and representative architects 
 may be mentioned the name of Wm. H. 
 Willett, who commenced the active prac- 
 tice of his profession in this city in 1887, 
 and is widely known as a practical archi- 
 tect of unusual talent and originality. 
 His offices are located at No. 7 Herzberg 
 Block. He has prepared plans and 
 superintended the erection of many 
 notable buildihgs in the city and vicinity, 
 and likewise many of the most splendid 
 private dwellings. 
 
 Mr. Willett resided for many years 
 in England, and when a young man de- 
 voted himself entirely to the study of his 
 profession in all its details, and is an 
 architect of ability. He is fully pre- 
 pared to promptly carry out any archi- 
 tectural undertaking with that intelli- 
 gent apprehension of design which makes 
 his efforts so highly appreciated. He 
 designed and superintended elegant 
 buildings and dwellings for Sir George 
 Elliott, M. P., James Eankin, Esq., M. 
 P., James Tynte, A. Gardner, M. P., and 
 various others, and was until recently 
 
 a member of the Society of Architects-. 
 of England, the Western Association 
 of Architects, and Alabama State As- 
 sociation of Architects. For many years 
 he was Professor of Scientific Building- 
 under the English government. South 
 Kensington, and was Professor of Archi- 
 tecture at the School of Art in Hereford,. 
 England, etc. He is held in the highest 
 estimation by the entire community, and 
 has achieved a prominence in his profes- 
 sion second to none in the State. 
 
 Jeu/elry. 
 
 R. 0. RANDALL.— This well-known' 
 jewelry and queensware house was 
 founded in November, 1886, and its ca- 
 reer has been one of uninterrupted and 
 complete success. The house occupied. 
 is eligibly located, and is most tastefully 
 and conveniently fitted up and arranged 
 for the display of the large and varied 
 stock carried. The substantial brick 
 building is two stories high. The stock 
 carried embraces all the new and most, 
 elegant i')roductions of the jewelers' and 
 silversmiths' art, and, in fact, all the- 
 fancy goods and novelties to be found in- 
 a first-class jewelry establishment, a spe- 
 cialty being made of diamonds and 
 watches. In addition to this immense- 
 stock, a varied assortment of china^ 
 glass and queensware is carried. 
 
 Mr. Randall is a native of New York^ 
 but has resided in Gadsden since 1858^ 
 He is a practical watchmaker by trade^ 
 and stands at the head of the trade in 
 this city, carrying the most extensive 
 stock and transacting the largest busi- 
 ness, and is regarded with esteem and 
 consideration by all with whom he is 
 brought in contact. He is a member of 
 the Masonic order, also of the Knights 
 of Honor. His business policy is just 
 and libei-al, resulting naturally in the 
 marked success that has attended his- 
 operations. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 FLETCHER BROS. & HOLCOMBE^ 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Staple 
 and Fancy Groceries Etc.— In this pro- 
 gressive age, with competition in all 
 lines of business so energetic as to call 
 into active exertion the best business- 
 talent, unceasing perseverance and in- 
 domitable energy are necessary to suc- 
 cess. One of the largest and best known 
 firms in this city is that of Messrs- 
 Fletcher Bros. & Holcombe, wholesale 
 and retail dealers in staple and fancy 
 
Gadsden. 
 
 311 
 
 groceries, provisions, grain, hay, bran, 
 produce, etc. The business was inaugu- 
 rated July 1, 1887, and has enjoyed a 
 career of marked prosperity. The prem- 
 ises occupied consist of a handsome brick 
 building two stories in height, and no 
 house in Gadsden trade carries a more 
 ample stock or possesses better facilities 
 for the transaction of business. The in- 
 dividual members of the firm are Messrs. 
 J. L. Fletcher, W. L. Fletcher and J. H. 
 Holcombe, the two former gentlemen 
 being natives of Alabama, and the latter 
 of Georgia. They possess admirable 
 business qualities, and are eminently 
 qualified to stand in the foremost ranks 
 of this line of trade in Gadsden. By 
 strict adherence to purpose, unremitting 
 exercise of brain, and steady application 
 to business, thej' have achieved a marked 
 success, and have won for themselves 
 and their house a high reputation. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 POPE & CASSELS.— Located on Gads- 
 den's main thoroughfare, in the center 
 of trade, is the wholesale and retail gro- 
 cery establishment of Messrs. Pope & 
 Cassels. The enterprise was established 
 in 1887, has been managed with consum- 
 mate ability, and has a steadily increas- 
 ing trade. The large two-story brick 
 building, Phoenix Block, Broad street, is 
 the location of this establishment, where 
 they occupy a conveniently arranged 
 salesroom. The stock of fine staple and 
 fancy groceries is the most comprehen- 
 sive in the city, and the trade of the 
 house requiring frequent replenishment, 
 the goods are necessarily fresh. Choice 
 teas, coffees, sugars, syrups, condiments, 
 canned goods and delicacies of every kind 
 are to be obtained here in wholesale or 
 retail lots at lowest rates. The fullest 
 confidence in the quality of merchan- 
 dise and the integrity of the firm is 
 abundantly justified. The trade of this 
 house is extensive, extending through- 
 out Northern Alabama, and by the low 
 prices obtained here, and the push and 
 energy of the firm, is rapidly increasing. 
 
 Mr. W. B. Pope is a native to the 
 manor born, and in trade circles he is 
 an esteemed young man of worth and 
 unquestioned integrity ; a successful, 
 enterprising, representative merchant. 
 
 Mr. T. M. Cassels is a native of At- 
 lanta and has made his home there the 
 greater portion of his life. He is ac- 
 counted among the foremost representa- 
 tive merchants of that city. 
 
 Foundry, Etc. 
 
 GADSDEN FOUNDRY AND MA- 
 CHINE AV0RK8, Office Corner Broad 
 and Second streets. — For nine years, or 
 since the time of the establishment of 
 this industry, the volume of trade has 
 increased rapidly, keeping full pace with 
 the prosperous growth of the city. The 
 machinery now in use is all new and of 
 the most improved and modern pattern. 
 Prominent business men and capitalists 
 are interested in this enterprise. The 
 company has a fine plant which covers 
 a large area of land, conveniently loca- 
 ted. The various departments employ 
 a large number of hands. The castings 
 of the company have achieved a wide 
 reputation for temper, uniform quality 
 and perfect finish. 
 
 Mr. Flynn, the President, is a native 
 of Madison County, Indiana. He is a 
 Mason, and has long been prominent ia 
 business circles. 
 
 Mr. Hagen, Secretary and Treasurer, 
 is a native of Denmark. He is a Knight 
 of Honor and a Knight of Pythias, and 
 ably fills the responsible position he 
 holds. The officers have reason to be 
 proud of this business policy, for it has 
 achieved a solid success, and as in the 
 pa.st, so in the future, their work will be 
 found in the van as regards excellence 
 and adaptability of products to purposes 
 required. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 JOHNSON HOUSE, Thos. L. Johnson 
 &Co., Proprietors. — Gadsden is noted for 
 her well-kept hotels, and it goes with- 
 out saying that the Johnson House is 
 among the best in the city. 
 
 This hotel was formerly called the 
 Tennessee House, but in October, 1887, 
 Messrs. Thos. L. Johnson & Co. pur- 
 chased the property and changed the 
 name. The building has been thoroughly 
 renovated and refurnished, and many 
 new improvements added. The build- 
 ing is a handsome brick structure, two 
 stories, and located on Broad street. The 
 house has ample accommodations for 
 one hundred guests. 
 
 The rooms are clean, -well ventilated, 
 well lighted and attractively furnished. 
 
 The cuisine is a special feature, and is 
 equal to any in North Alabama, the tables 
 at all times being supplied with the deli- 
 cacies of the season. 
 
 The Johnson is headquarters for trav- 
 eling salesmen, who receive special atten- 
 tion and special rates. Large sample 
 
312 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 rooms are always at their disposal. 
 The service is both polite and attentive, 
 and the proprietors in their management 
 leave nothing undone which can in any 
 way contribute to the comfort and pleas- 
 ure of the guests. Their aim is to here 
 provide all the comforts of a home. 
 
 Mr. Thos. L. Johnson and brother, J. 
 C. Johnson, are Alal>amians, and possess 
 that admirable feeling of kindly hospi- 
 tality which characterize the people of 
 this State. The immediate management 
 of the hotel is under Mr. J. C. Johnson, 
 and it is scarcely necessary to say that 
 it is in excellent keeping. Mr. Johnson 
 understands well the art of pleasing, 
 and his affable and genial nature makes 
 him popular with both the citizens and 
 the traveling public. 
 
 Mr. Thos. L. Johnson resides in 
 Atlanta, Georgia, where he has exten- 
 sive business interests. He is a man of 
 great strength of character and superior 
 business ability, full of energy, and has 
 made a success of everything he has ever 
 undertaken. 
 
 Under the joint guidance of these two 
 gentlemen the Johnson House will con- 
 tinue to increase in popular favor. 
 
 Jewelry. 
 
 JOHN B. RODEN & CO.— The larg- 
 est house of the kind in this city is 
 that of Messrs. John B. Roden & Co., 
 wholesale and retail dealers in jewelry, 
 watches, musical instruments, books, 
 stationery, etc. 
 
 The business was established in 1882, 
 and has won a large share of public fa- 
 vor, and is the center of a discriminat- 
 ing patronage. The premises occupied 
 consist of a handsome brick building, 
 two stories high, and besides being eli- 
 gibly located, are elegantly furnished 
 throughout, and supplied with every im- 
 provement. The beautiful and artistic 
 jewelry handled has been selected with 
 the utmost care, and include a full line 
 of watches of the most celebrated manu- 
 facture, all of which are guaranteed to 
 be strictly as represented. 
 
 The departments devoted to the dis- 
 play of musical instruments, books, sta- 
 tionery, etc., contain a complete assort- 
 ment of everything in this line. 
 
 The individual members of the firm, 
 Mr. John B. Roden and Mr. Edgar 
 Welsh, have had long and practical ex- 
 perience in the details and requirements 
 of the trade. 
 
 Mr. Roden resides in Birmingham, 
 where he is identified with two exten- 
 
 sive business enterprises, standing as 
 one of the foremost of the city mer- 
 chants in his line. 
 
 Mr. Welsh resides in Gadsden, and 
 ably conducts the business for the firm. 
 He stands at the head of the trade in 
 this city, carrying the most extensive 
 stock, and transacting the largest busi- 
 ness, and is regarded with esteem by the 
 entire community. 
 
 Hardware. 
 
 OTTO AGRICOLA.— This most im- 
 portant industry is ably represented by 
 the gentleman whose name heads this 
 article. The house was first known under 
 the name of Anderson & Agricola. In 
 1887 the partnership was dissolved, and 
 Mr. Agricola took the entire proj^rietor- 
 ship. Under his efficient direction the 
 business has assumed such importance 
 that it can be safely stated as one of 
 the leading enterprises in this line in the 
 city. 
 
 The building occupied is eligibly lo- 
 cated, and consists of two floors, 
 fitted up with everything necessary to 
 the successful conduct of the enterprise. 
 
 Mr. Agricola carries a large and com- 
 prehensive stock of hardware, etc., em- 
 bracing stoves, ranges, grates and man- 
 tels of many styles and prices ; wood- 
 enware, glassware and crockery to suit 
 the taste and wants of all ; iron pipe 
 and fittings, granite, ironware and the 
 novelties that come under this head. 
 
 Mr. Agricola is also largely engaged in 
 the manufacture of tin, sheet iron and 
 copper wares, roofing, guttering, cornice 
 work, plumbing, steam, gas and water 
 fitting, and has made the lowest possible 
 prices on all his products. He is a na- 
 tive of Georgia, and is accounted in 
 trade circles a representative, responsi- 
 ble, leading merchant. He is a member 
 of the order of Odd Fellows, and a man 
 of sterling worth and integrity, and justly 
 merits the prosperity that is attending 
 his energetic efforts. He makes a point 
 of always being prompt and reliable, and 
 fills all orders with accuracy and dis- 
 patch. The utmost confidence can be 
 placed in the judgment, business 
 methods and ability of this house. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 J. T. RICH.— In 1886, Mr. J. T. Rich 
 
 established the business which has placed 
 him at the head of one of the leading 
 mercantile houses in this line in the city. 
 The store occupies an eligible business 
 
Gadsden. 
 
 313 
 
 site. Here may be found a varied and 
 comprehensive assortment of the deli- 
 cacies of the season, foreign and domes- 
 tic canned goods, jellies, teas, cofiees, 
 spices, etc., also all kinds of feed, includ- 
 ing grain, bran hay, etc., and provisions 
 of all descriptions, tobacco of all the 
 ■well known brands, also cigars to please 
 the most fastidious. A widely extended 
 and liberal family ]>atronage has been 
 secured throughout the city and vicinity, 
 and a specialty is made of the prompt 
 filling of all orders. 
 
 Mr. Rich is a native of Georgia, and is 
 a Mason. Mr. W. W. Rich, his father, 
 served in the second Mexican campaign, 
 and also was in the cavalry wing of Gen- 
 eral Lee's army, being under Generals 
 Young and Hampton. Since his location 
 in Gadsden he and his son have become 
 identified with tlie most prominent and 
 respected business men, and in every 
 particular hold the respect and esteem 
 of business circles. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 J. H. WILEY, Real Estate Agent, 
 Stock and Bond Broker. — The active de- 
 mand existing for Southern land, city 
 real estate, etc., indicates how remuner- 
 ative are judicious investments in this 
 line. The responsible firm of J. H. 
 AViley, successor to J. H. Wiley & Co., 
 is a recognized authority on lands and 
 city and county realty of every descrip- 
 tion, and those relying on his sound 
 judgment and judicious advice will se- 
 cure remunerative investments. He has 
 an intimate personal knowledge of the 
 mineral belt of Alabama, and offers for 
 sale at low prices choice selections of 
 mineral, timber and farming lands. He 
 also maives a specialty of city property. 
 He attends to the negotiation of loans on 
 land and mortgage, the collection of 
 rents and general care of property, while 
 as stock broker he is prepared to buy 
 and sell on commission all descriptions 
 of marketable securities. 
 
 Mr. Wiley is a native of Louisiana, and 
 is identified with the Masonic order. 
 
 Merchandise. 
 
 J. B. PRICE, Dealer in General Mer- 
 
 chandse. Among the representative 
 
 houses in this line that of Mr. J. B. Price 
 takes a higli rank. Tlie business was 
 established by that gentleman March 1, 
 1886, and under his enterjirising and 
 
 liberal policy has grown to be a leading 
 establishment in this particular branch 
 of trade. The premises consist of a fine 
 one-story brick structure, and is most 
 admirably arranged for the display of 
 the immense stock carried. The stock 
 embraces a full and complete assortment 
 of dry goods, notions, groceries, tobacco, 
 cigars, etc., all of which are purchasable 
 at prices not duplicated elsewhere. 
 
 Mr. Price is a native of Georgia, but 
 has long resided in this city. Honor- 
 able and thoroughly reliable in all his 
 dealings, he has built up an enviable 
 reputation, and has acquired a rapidly 
 increasing patronage. Few establish- 
 ments in this city or elsewhere 
 command a wider acquaintance, or a 
 more extensive and favorable reputation 
 than does this of J. B. Price, and cer- 
 tainly no other house in this line wields 
 a more powerful influence in favor of the 
 commercial welfare of Gadsden. 
 
 Bakery. 
 
 THE QUEEN CITY BAKERY.— 
 
 The Queen City Bakery is one of the 
 many enterprises which give life to the 
 mercantile enterprises of Gadsden. The 
 business is OAvned and controlled by Mr. 
 W. R. Zech, who succeeded A. L. Dupre. 
 Since the present proprietor's manage- 
 ment began, in 1888, the establishment 
 has acquired a reputation second to none 
 for the general excellence of the mex'- 
 chandise handled, and the reasonable 
 prices at which the food product may be 
 obtained. 
 
 Mr. Zech is an extensive manufacturer 
 of bread, cakes, rolls, etc., and also deals 
 in canned goods, and carries a select line 
 of tobacco and cigars. 
 
 His store and icecream saloon are eligi- 
 bly located, and consist of an apartment 
 attractively fitted up, and in which the 
 stock is temptingly displayed. 
 
 Mr. Zech is a native of Kentucky, and 
 is numliered among Gadsden's most 
 highly respected business men. 
 
 In addition to his regular stock he has 
 an apartment handsomely fitted up 
 where he serves ice cream, water ices, 
 fruits, etc. He makes a specialty of 
 catering for families, parties, weddings, 
 picnics, etc., and furnishes refreshments, 
 cream, etc., on short notice, and at lowest 
 prices. Mr. Zech has made the Queen 
 City Bakery and Ice Cream Parlors the 
 most popular resort in Gadsden. 
 
PLAN OF THE 
 
 STATE OF ALABAMA 
 
 Showing the Position of 
 
 TUSCALOOSA 
 
 oF 
 
 EXPLANATIONS , 
 
 Coal Areas 
 Red Iron Ore Ridges. 
 ^ <^ Brown Iron Ore Beds. 
 
 '- Broken lines inclose townships wherein are 
 situated the mineral lands belonging to the 
 Tuscaloosa Coal, Iron and Land Co. 
 
 And its Railway Conueetions. 
 Also the 
 
 Direct River Communication 
 
 between the neighboring Mineral 
 
 Regions and the GULF of MEXICO. 
 
 Scale 100 miles to one inch. 
 
 18S7 
 
 I.B Fole*r Eng Clo. 
 
I OCATION 
 
 Tuscaloosa is situated upon a high, level and well-drained plateau at the 
 liead of navigation on the Warrior River. It has an abundant supply of the 
 
 purest water, and the healthfulness of the locality is proverbial. To the south 
 :.3tretches the broad alluvial bottoms of the Warrior River, whose fertile acres 
 
 yield the finest crops of corn, hay and cotton, while to the north lies the great 
 
 Warrior Coal Field, which is now just on the eve of a mighty development. 
 In fact, the city itself, to use the strong language of Prof. Henry McCalley, 
 
 Assistant State Geologist of Alabama, in his report upon the AVarrior Coal 
 Tield, "stands on the greatest thickness of coal measures in the known world, 
 -and in thickness of coal second only to that of AVest Virginia." 
 
 TH 
 
 E CITY 
 
 Tuscaloosa is a place of more than 5,000 inhabitants. During the past 
 two years its population has greatly increased; many new and handsome 
 buildings have been erected; many private manufacturing and commercial 
 •enterprises have been inaugurated ; a street car line has been , built from the 
 Alabama Great Southern Depot to Castle Hill Park ; a belt railway with steam 
 motor has been constructed and is now in operation ; the new railroad, the 
 Tuscaloosa Northern, is under construction into the mineral and timber lands 
 north of the city; a complete system of waterworks is being put in, and this 
 .spirit of progress is still active. 
 
 )OSITION AND RESOURCES 
 
 Most of the towns of Northern Alabama are busily engaged in demon- 
 .strating to the world at large the special advantages they possess. All these 
 towns and cities realize the fact that to insure that immigration which will 
 prove the upbuilding of the place, such advantages as each possess must be 
 made known and widely advertised. It then remains for those people who 
 
Tuscaloosa. 317" 
 
 are attractedjby these advertisements to investigate for themselves as to the 
 truth or falsity of the claims made. 
 
 And here we strike the key-note of the policy guiding the development at 
 Tuscaloosa. Startling as have been, in many instances, the claims made for 
 this city during a year of active and wide-spread advertising, it is the boast of 
 the city that not a claim has been made that has not its foundation on fact, 
 and not a statement advanced that cannot be substantiated in every particular. 
 
 First. She claims to be the Pittsburg of the South. 
 
 Second. She claims to be the best point in the State for the manufacture 
 of any article consuming wood, iron and coal. 
 
 Third. She claims to be the most inviting point of residence in the State. 
 
 Fourth. She claims to have educational facilities superior to any other 
 town in the South. 
 
 Fifth. She claims to have the best coal and iron ore in the Warrior field . 
 
 T 
 
 HE SOUTHERN PITTSBURG 
 
 Every schoolboy knows what and where Pittsburg is and what are its 
 distinctive features. It is the commercial and manufacturing center of the- 
 great Pennsylvania coal and iron fields. Further than this, it is that center- 
 by reason of the fact that it is situated at the headwaters of the only river 
 leading to the large consuming markets for her staples. Before railroads were 
 the Ohio River had set the seal of supremacy upon that city, and since her 
 numerous roads have been constructed it still continues her chief avenue of 
 trade,Por despite the fact that she has railroads reaching to the four bounds of 
 the Union, she still continues to load her barges for Cincinnati, Louisville, 
 St. Louis and New Orleans. No one will deny that the presence of the Ohio- 
 River.' at!her door has made it possible for such a city to be, for all persons 
 know that coal and iron are essentially water freights. 
 
 AVhen, therefore, we are led to expect another Pittsburg to rise on the 
 business horizon, we must, of course, look for it where Nature has formed the 
 some combination that has enabled that city to become what it is. That is, 
 we must find a spot where coal and iron in inexhaustible quantities are found 
 in a territory drained by a navigable river. Not a river that is but the arm of 
 the greater, and that leads to markets already the legitimate field of that 
 larger stream's trafiic, but one that is in and of itself, one of the main arteries- 
 of a continent. When we look for such a spot. North, South, East, or West,. 
 we find one, and one only. 
 
 T 
 
 HE WARRIOR RIVER 
 
 The AVarrior River, at the head of navigation of which Tuscaloosa is situ- 
 ated, is the only river touching the AVarrior CoalFeld. Of the wonderful rich- 
 ness of the AA''arrior field (and especially in its southern part) in coal, iron 
 

Tuscaloosa. 319 
 
 'Ore and timber, we need not speak, as it is now a matter of imiversal knowl- 
 edge. But we do wish to call attention to the "Warrior River, which has been 
 for long ages rolling its water idly to the sea, waiting the opjiortunity to prove 
 its mighty power as a factor in the development of the wonderful mineral 
 wealth of Northern Alabama. The time and opportunity are at hand. This 
 river connects the producing point at Tuscaloosa with the consuming and 
 ■distributing point at Mobile. It assures a satisfactory answer to the clam- 
 oring demand for fuel now rising from the West Indies, Central America, and 
 the entire Gulf and Southern Atlantic coasts, and it demonstrates the possi- 
 bility of suj^plying the Pacific slope with cheap iron. To bring the argument 
 home, and to give it a local and therefore more pertinent force, it assumes — 
 and at no distant day — the entire reconstruction of the coal and iron trade of 
 New Orleans. And this it is that makes of Tuscaloosa — this combination of 
 -coal, iron and water — the Pittsburg of the South. 
 
 A 
 
 S A MANUFACTURING POINT 
 
 Next to the necessary supply of raw material, the most important consid- 
 «eration to the manufacturer's or producer's mind is the market or points of 
 •consumption. As to the raw material at Tuscaloosa we need only mention, 
 en passant, the great coal, iron and timber region to the north, and the pro- 
 ti active and fertile country to the south and west. Her market is all the ter- 
 ritory south of the Tennessee River, reaching from ocean to ocean. In this 
 -connection it is well to bear in mind that to most of this territory you can 
 .have an all-water route, and what is more to the point, an all-water rate. 
 
 A 
 
 S A PLACE OF RESIDENCE 
 
 The right of Tuscaloosa to make strong claims on this point was estab- 
 lished in those ante-hellum days when it was the home of the wealthy planter 
 and the social center of the State. Much has been written of her broad streets, 
 
 iShaded by triple rows of gigantic oaks, her grand old residences, etc., and in 
 
 slanguage none too strong. 
 
 Rutin this age of the "New South" we have to do with the practical 
 rather than the poetical, and it is more to our purpose to mention that. Occu- 
 pying a plateau or high bluff above the river, it is well drained and healthy, 
 
 ;and has an abundant supply of pure water. Next to health comes society, 
 .and here the city ranks with the highest. The high moral and literary tone 
 is such as is found in all cities that have been so many years the center of 
 
 <education. 
 
Tuscaloosa. 321 
 
 A 
 
 N EDUCATIONAL CENTER 
 
 Tuscaloosa 2")oints witli pardonable jiride to her schools. The State Uni- 
 versity, with magnificent buildings, spacious grounds, and a rich endowment, 
 is located here. The nundier of pupils enrolled is large, and the grade of 
 scholarship is high. The institution is under able and experienced instructors. 
 The city has also two flourishing colleges for young ladies, a high school for 
 boys, and splendid graded public schools. The entire State sends its sous and 
 daughters to this i:)oint for education. 
 
 rOAL AND IRON ORE 
 
 Coal is mined within the city limits, and within less than ten miles of the 
 city numerous veins, from four to seven feet in thickness, have been opened 
 at the outcroppings. From these veins coal was taken which produced coke 
 of such quality as could (and did) win for Tuscaloosa, at the Piedmont Expo- 
 sition, the diploma for " the best furnace coke." She was also so honored 
 with regard to " blacksmith's coal," and this, in competition with the entire 
 Alabama mineral field. It has been satisfactorily demonstrated that coal of this 
 character exists in inexhaustible quantities, and near at hand. 
 
 On the line of the Alabama Great Southern Railroad, sixteen miles from 
 Tuscaloosa, there has been opened up a vein of red iron ore over sixteen feet 
 in thickness, which assays forty-seven per cent. iron. Within five miles, on 
 the same line of railroad, are great quantities of brown ore, while limerock of 
 high grade is just at hand. We have the authority of learned geologists for 
 the statement that both the coal and iron of the Warrior field improve in 
 quality as they run to the south. 
 
 NDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BUILT 
 
 AND UNDER CONTRACT 
 
 Tuscaloosa Cotton Mills, value about $80,000 ; employ 145 hands. 
 Tuscaloosa Yarn Mills, value $15,000 ; employ 35 hands. 
 Tuscaloosa Street Railway, completed and in operation to Lake Lorraine, 
 Tuscaloosa Cotton Seed Oil Company, value $40,000 ; 40 hands. 
 Tuscaloosa Brick and Tile Company, value $25,000 ; 50 hands. 
 Tuscaloosa Foundry and Manufacturing Company, value $25,000 ; 12 
 hands. 
 
 Warrior Foundry and Machine Works, value $2,500 ; 4 hands. 
 
322 North Alabama. 
 
 Robt. Wilson, Grist Milt and Wool Carding, value f 4,00(). 
 
 Suspender Factory, value $2,000 ; 5 hands. 
 
 Davis & Daniel icoL), Brick Yard, value 16,000 ; 11 Lands. 
 
 Taylor ct Turner (col.), Brick Yard, value $1,000 ; 1.3 hands. 
 
 The Tuscaloosa Manufacturing Company, paid-up capital of $90,000; 7,500 
 spindles, 240 looms, 275 hands ; makes 750,000 pounds yarn and 3,600,000 yarda 
 plaids, checks, and stripee per year. 
 
 The Tuscaloosa Northern Railway. 
 
 The Friedman Furnace, capital stock $300,000. 
 
 Warrior Brick and Building Company ; 20 employees. 
 
 W. F. Adams <k Co., Brick Yard ; 18 employees. 
 
 Tuscaloosa Cotton Seed Oil Mills, Cotton Gin, value $5,000. There is but 
 one other cotton gin in the country of equal excellence with this one. 
 
 G. T. Ingraham, Lumber, Coal and Wood Yard. 
 
 The Tuscaloosa Building and Loan Association, capital stock, $200,000. 
 
 Tuscaloosa Belt Line, steam motor, passenger and freight traffic. Supplies 
 all purchased. Line will be in operation in November. 
 
 Macon & Tuscaloosa Railway. Charter recently amended to Macon, Tus- 
 caloosa i& Birmingham Railroad. 
 
 The Tuscaloosa Coal, Iron and Land Company has erected a number of 
 houses for sale and rent, and •will build more. 
 
 A new hotel, constructed of brick, four stories, is now approaching 
 completion. 
 
 The Merchants' National Bank is just completing a new building, pressed 
 brick and terra cotta, one of the handsomest banking houses in the South. 
 
 A large and commodious public school building is also building. 
 
 The Allen & Jemison Company, Lumber Yard and Planing Mill. 
 
 Tuscaloosa Electric Light, Ice and Power Company, capital stock, $30,000. 
 
 We may add, in conclusion, that Tuscaloosa is just now on the eve of 
 greater developments than she has yet imagined, and has, by reason of her 
 unusual natural advantages, a great future. — J. B. McCroarty. 
 
Sketches of Prominent Business Firms. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 ALABAMA INSANE HOSPITAL.— 
 
 The Alabama Insane Hospital is an es- 
 tablishment known throughout the State 
 and the entire Union, being, from its 
 immense number of patients, its mag- 
 nificent proportions and its complete in- 
 dependence from outside resources, " a 
 city within itself." It was completed 
 and opened for patients in Julj^ ISGO, 
 and has cost the State from first to last 
 over half a million dollars. 
 
 Tliere are 78.3 white patients in the 
 present building (witli room enough left 
 for a hundred more), and a new building 
 nearly completed, wliicii will accommo- 
 date (in addition to the above), 250 ne- 
 groes, for which class it has been spe- 
 cially built. The dimensions of the mam- 
 moth central building are 60x200 feet, 
 it being built of brick and four stories 
 high, with a high dome and wings three 
 stories liigh. 
 
 The central building has tliirty large 
 rooms, as well as a most elegant chapel, 
 the wings containing twenty-four halls or 
 wards, and five hundred dormitories for 
 the use of patients. Every accommoda- 
 tion known to a city is made use of in 
 the most liberal way. Everything 
 wanted is made on the premises, in the 
 way of buildings in connection with the 
 hospital, and beds, doors, sash, etc. A 
 fine steam laundry of brick, and two 
 stories, is on the grounds. A new bak- 
 ery has been built with all the latest ap- 
 proved machinery. The waterworks and 
 fire service are as complete as man can 
 make thorn, there l)eing two reservoirs, 
 the largest of which holds a million gal- 
 lons. The smaller reservoir has two 
 
 Worthington steam pumps worked in 
 connection with it, which are capable of 
 forcing 1,000 gallons of water per minute 
 through an eight-inch cast-iron pipe, 
 which entirely surrounds the building. 
 A hose is always ready for use in the 
 hospital. The water used is of the finest 
 freestone springs. Outside the hospital 
 is a large barn, as well as stables and 
 sheds, built of brick. Also a large li- 
 brary and dancing room are provided for 
 patients' use, a dance being held twice a 
 week. Billiard rooms and ten pin alleys, 
 too, have been made for their amusement. 
 Thus it will be seen nothing in the way of 
 recreation and amusement is left undone 
 for the patients. 
 
 Dr. Peter Bryce, Superintendent and 
 head physician, is a native of Columbia, 
 South Carolina, and for twenty-eight 
 years has been at the head of this hos- 
 pital. He was educated at Charleston, 
 graduating in 1855 at Charleston Mili- 
 tary Academy. He is a man of energy, 
 firmness, and sees that all things are car- 
 ried out to the letter in the hospital. 
 
 Dr. Bryce is a most popular gentle- 
 man, which is only natural, as he never 
 fails to give a hearty welcome to all visit- 
 ors to the hospital. He isPresident of the 
 State Historical Society and of the State 
 Medical Association, and member of the 
 State Board of Health. He was, it should 
 be mentioned, summoned by the Gov- 
 ernment to give his opinion as an ex- 
 pert in the famous Guiteau trial. 
 
 The steward, Mr. W. C. Perkins, long 
 connected with this establishment, has 
 proven himself a most valuable officer 
 in his economical administration of the 
 finances of the hospital. 
 
MERCHANTS' NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. 
 
Tuscaloosa. 
 
 325 
 
 Bank. 
 
 THE MERCHANTS' NATIONAL 
 BANK. — This flourishing bank com- 
 Tuenced business May 5, 1887. The bank 
 building is an ornate three-storied brick 
 •structure. This building, by general 
 •consent, is one of the handsomest in the 
 city, having a beautiful stone, terra cotta 
 and pressed brick front, while the inte- 
 rior is beautifully finished with natural 
 woods.of Alabama. The bank is located 
 as centrally as possible on Broad street. 
 The capital stock is $100,000. 
 
 The following officers and directors 
 have charge of the business, and consti- 
 tute the general management: Presi- 
 dent, George A. Searcy ; Vice President, 
 B. Friedman ; Cashier, W. R. Foster. 
 
 Directors : Alonzo Hill, T. C". McCar- 
 Tey, J. Collier Foster, H. M. Somerville, 
 W. C. Jemison, T. N. Hays, Geo. A. 
 ■Searcy, B. Friedman, and E. U. C. Snow. 
 
 Mr. Searcy, the President, was born 
 in Tuscaloosa. 
 
 Mr. B. Friedman, Vice President, is a 
 member of Friedman & Loveman's large 
 ■dry goods store. 
 
 Mr. W. R. Foster, Cashier, is also a 
 native of Tuscaloosa. 
 
 This bank stands high, owing to the 
 financial ability and splendid business 
 capacities of its officers. 
 
 Bank. 
 
 THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF 
 TUSCALOOSA.— The First National 
 Bank of Tuscaloosa was established in 
 1871. The capital stock is $60,000, and 
 -the surplus $18,000. City collections are 
 made without charge. The officers in 
 charge are Messrs. Frank S. Moody, 
 President, and John Little, Jr., Cashier. 
 
 Both of these gentlemen were born in 
 Tuscaloosa, and are gentlemen long 
 prominent and highly respected in com- 
 mercial circles, where their names are 
 synonymous with the sterling princi- 
 ples of financial integrity, enterprise and 
 executive ability. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 PERKINS & NICOLSON.— A leading 
 concern of its kind in Tuscaloosa is 
 Messrs. Perkins & Nicolson, dealers in 
 boots and shoes. 
 
 The premises occupied are spacious 
 and well adapted to the business. These 
 enterprising gentlemen, since they be- 
 gan their business career here, have met 
 with fine success. They do a large re- 
 tail business with the best classes in the 
 22 
 
 city. Patrons can rely on their large 
 practical experience, good judgment and 
 excellent business methods. Their goods 
 are of the most durable, elegant and easy 
 fitting makes, and at remarkably reason- 
 able rates. 
 
 Mr. Perkins was born in Tuscaloosa, 
 and is a member of the Knights of 
 Honor. 
 
 Mr. Nicolson, his partner, is likewise 
 a native of the city. 
 
 Honorable and thoroughly reliable in 
 all their dealings, they have built up an 
 enviable reputation and acquired a large 
 and rapidly increasing patronage. 
 
 Bank. 
 
 J. H. FITTS & CO.— One of the most 
 
 substantial and best conducted private 
 banking houses in the South is that of 
 J. H. Fitts & Co. It was established in 
 1865, at the close of the war, by Mr. J. 
 H. Fitts, the well-known and much es- 
 teemed president. Possessing ample 
 capital it can meet any demand which 
 may be made upon it, and the confidence 
 which is felt in it is shown by the yearly 
 increasing business transacted. The capi- 
 tal is $50,000; surplus and profits, $12,- 
 000, and individual responsibility over 
 and above capital $200,000. This bank 
 gives special attention to collections 
 throughout the United States, returns 
 being made promptly. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Fitts, a native of Alabama, 
 is the President, the other member be- 
 ing his son, Mr. W. F. Fitts, also a native 
 of Alabama, who has, like his father, 
 been reared in this business, and, there- 
 fore, is well qualified for his present 
 position, that of cashier. With the re- 
 sources at its command and the energy 
 and business capacity of its officers, there 
 practically is no limit to the business of 
 the firm. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 F. R. GAUDIN.— This ably-conducted 
 and well-stocked store was established 
 February 1, 1886, and has enjoyed a re- 
 markable degree of popularit}' and suc- 
 cess, owing to the choice variety and 
 high grades of the goods carried. The 
 grocery house of Mr. F. R. Gaudin is ad- 
 vantageously located in the center of the 
 city, where "he occupies a large two-story 
 brick building. Here may be found a 
 varied and comprehensive assortment of 
 family groceries, confectioneries, fruits 
 and produce, ice-cold soda and mineral 
 waters. Goods are delivered free to any 
 
336 
 
 SOKTH AT-A«4if» 
 
 part ci the otr. The pennanent tnfde 
 ot the hoase is extended, bein^ both 
 liberal and sab^anml in its character. 
 
 >[r. Gaodin is a native of Molnle. bat 
 hag becm a resident of Tneealooea Eaffie>- 
 iontlT long to become identified with its 
 leading bosiress men. 
 
 hi$ manj cast«ners. The woik. m his 
 asEistants fe done onder his pcrsooal 
 sapervision. Custom vork C4 all kinds 
 is execnted to coxier. Hr. Dershide h^ 
 alwaj? be«n the fivorite tailor of the 
 va-ieie here. He uses only the West 
 Point Govenunem standard cadiet gi«J, 
 acd Dcakes a perfect di. In fact, astn-ient 
 is no? cc»nsidered a* /«i: who is not 
 dressed irom his estaHishmeci. He does 
 any and all kinds of n^ilitary vork and 
 keep^ a toil asg«:>rtmeiu of military fur- 
 nishings. 
 
 Photographer. 
 
 W. E. MaGEEL— A leading and sne- 
 cesEfol estaUishment is that of W. £. 
 llagee, article photographer, vhoee 
 veU-eqnipped art etodio is located <Ht 
 ;^oaMl street. The hnsiness vas estab- 
 lished in 1SS4. The premises are handr 
 some, incloduig large printing, dressing- 
 rooms, etc. The reception pariois, studio 
 and operating rooms are handsiMDi^ 
 fitted up Tith a Tiev to the o(»nfott and 
 conrenience oi patnHt& Hr. Magee 
 copies and enlarges old pictures, inTaii- 
 ably with success, and photograpte direct 
 i by new process on ^k handkadbiefe, 
 lamp shades, etc. 
 
 He was bom in Miasisappi, and is an 
 artist of recognixed ability, and has wtm 
 an excellent reputation K>r the saperi«»' 
 merit of work executed by him. He is 
 a popular and well-known business man, 
 en joying the patronage of the best known 
 reskients ol city and country. 
 
 Taihtr. 
 
 J. DEESHIDK— An extensTe and 
 pro6pen>as bosines? is that carried on 
 by Mr. J. Dershide. a natiTe <rf Ger- 
 many. His store is located on Main 
 street in the center of the business por- 
 tion of the oity. It was establisbed in 
 ls^7. >Ir. Dershide is a practical tailor, 
 and is thorooehty experienced. He has 
 been in the tailors' business fear many 
 years, and gives g<eneral satfexacti<>n to 
 
 -Primtimg. 
 
 JL L BrBTOX-— One <rf the thriTing^ 
 finns in Tuseaiioci^a is that of Mr. M. L 
 Barton, artistic printer and dealer in 
 noTclties, statiooery, hdidaT goods, and 
 
 I presoits for old and yoon^ 
 
 ^ Mr. Burton is a native ci ToBcalooea^ 
 He established his pcintii^ boaness in 
 ISTo. and his stationery departmmt in 
 
 II ISS^ Of each baaness he has, by his 
 
 I badness ability and industry, met with 
 soceesB. He makes a specialty ot oram- 
 
 ' mental printing, and ha^ a full stock of 
 the faehitHiaUe material for fine job 
 printing. He always keeps a full line of 
 note paper, envelopes, papet(»ies, risife- 
 ing cards, r^ret cards, everythintg in tlie- 
 stationety line, pens, ink, pencils, al- 
 
 ' boms, TisK, etc. He prints books, let- 
 ter heads, ball head^ enTek^K& cards^ 
 circolats, hand-lMlis, checks, etc., giving- 
 ^pedal attentkm to weddii^. party and 
 ball printing. He keeps a fidl line of 
 boaness statkMiery. AmcHig the large^ 
 stock <3i ixesents on hand are fine dress- 
 ing cases, toilet sets, hand mirrors;, 
 
 jiplaqaes, jewelry cases, albums, picture 
 
 I frames, vases, ^ush and leather shop- 
 ping bags, etc- 
 
 Mr. EUirton is a man of finest cfaaractH- 
 and standing and th(woa;^iIy deserves- 
 his socces&w His moUo is, '^The best, 
 work for the l-i?: — : -rv." 
 
 rant Miils. 
 
 TUSCALOOSA TARX 3iIILLS.— lit 
 the yam trade the oldest and most wid^:^" 
 known concern in this sectiom is the 
 Tuscaktost Tam MlUs, founded IS^ 
 Mr. L. D. Sanders, the entetptisnig pro- 
 prietor and manager of these mills, is the 
 successiM- oi Colonel Siqiberd. Snce 
 embarking in this enterprise Mr. San- 
 ders has met with success. Thiseoor 
 cem is one of the most important int«>- 
 ests in its line in the St^e. The ]^o- 
 doct of these mills is the finest quaihty. 
 
TrsTAiioosjL. 
 
 CT 
 
 c««s«w y-fiis per day. Tbe bttsaiaifss cft- <Qi ewxy strle and d^ect^pliiim ai« am(^ 
 mef vt )It. Suidets bas b««« «s liticiias«?«<- asad eompletie', a Tvvy laxge business in 
 
 Tc bf:£r in his badness Tsst ^rartkal ex- 
 MtieDce and periiected iaciiiti^ and has 
 tifcowd e aing i stl y to ptoBolie tibe best 
 itwjfl l j.. of his nKtomets, both otT and 
 
 th^ bnnefa btang done. A lu^ bnck 
 wanehoose is in tihe rear of the pKm^es, 
 oovmins one-q«Hfft«r of a blotch lib. 
 W. C. Jhbuskmi, the PicsidiHit of the 
 Comiianj, is afeo vdl known as the 
 
 S^afeR, »ad Idfeoee deafia^ with him can Preadent of the Tosealoosa Coal, Iron 
 ietT«n jje < Luiii < g adianteggs not leaditrland Land (Dompanr. Mr. T. B. Alkn, 
 itafficated dsevfan^. Tiiee FKsident, is a nati^v of Ahbama^ 
 
 I and Mr. M. P. Jem^ictiic. Secretaix and 
 
 Ptigggmf^i^gg- TrsasoMter, vas bora in Tosouoosa. 
 
 ^ _r_ ' Exietything made at these planing milfe 
 
 F. M. TTRSEB.— ^ ptofaabhr no ^ done satxs&ietonly and with prompti- 
 btanch of tOieaxts faave note in^rove- 1| tode and dfeprtti^ ' Thepropnetorsare 
 wants been made daring recmt jreaxs ' well known in the ne%hboi^ood as men 
 xhan in that of photogr^AiT, and the «< iSne cfaanefer, b«B9ne^^ abilities and 
 iLTiditj with wtuc^ l&ese inTentioifts : steriii^ qnaliti^^ tbonxi^ilT deserrin^ 
 hare be«» atQiied by the prais^on is » the most ipatifyin^ soecess* ther li^Te 
 
 eutiinexng proof of the ^lint of «it«*<- 
 ptKewhieh hae alwars been a disSin- 
 g airfiin g featnie of tboee cngwc d in thfe 
 ait. Mr. F. M. Tomer eskaSisfaed h^ 
 stndio in 1S«)S. Tbe af^pKances and ap- 
 paoratis aieof Idie new^a&t and biest^and 
 indeed compRse as pevfectan estaUi^- 
 ment of the kind as can be fonnd in the 
 dity. PiMTtiaits aie eseeoted in the best 
 maiwaeT as very Bow pneesi, fixst-HeSass 
 wotk bein^ guanrateed in all cases. Tl^ 
 s^iD, caxe aoNl honotable dipaWnigs of Mr. 
 Xmmerare am^yproTen bytnelibetal 
 ^laie of pnblie JbTiiHS bestowed on Imu, || 
 and he Ins won the te^peet of aM «- ~ 
 'rhom he fe btoo^t in ecmtaet. 
 
 aehiered finm the be^snmiE^. 
 
 CiacefiiBS. 
 
 JMhfefs' Ifaf^bpare^ 
 
 ATTTTV A 
 
 A TiiiK .-i OT.-y ifce 
 
 £«e. 
 
 r. J. PEERT.— Xo better es»nptificn. 
 ; : -. can be found «rf the <a&t<eipnse and 
 ,c2c-7gy of the grocery and prorision 
 lN.>Q«)e$ of Tnsealooga than the £aet thai 
 JEMISOX COMPJLSnr.— - - :4 other cities bare beenimita- 
 rariocs intinstzial ejni::er- :a€iu. Among the moie promi- 
 
 ~ :ind Toscalooea there ai^^ _t-.: .i iteadin^ gnjc^rr houses of th^ 
 r ecndocted with mc»e|ialy isthat of Mr.T. J. ^^^ny.e^Bibtidied 
 A'^ia <& Jemison C<Mn- [ in Fel»uaiy, ISis^ sneeeeding H. Gloek. 
 :Ms estr in the year | The eommtodioas boildii^ which he oe- 
 :-^-!=? tliis firm* has Ijeupaes is w^l arranged fear eondncting 
 T-:>s. They deal ;' the bu^ness and d^p^ying his stock, 
 iurdware. ooal. ii 3Ir. P»Ty does a laige wholesale and le- 
 The pieni- 1 icail business in stapjie and tuK-ygiQceiies, 
 .^Dien^oms. |i as wdQ as beinga laige whojet^ie whisky 
 r---- -" "^'^:^ '-^ler. Hehaealai^patroiQageamoDg 
 
 ^ : jtsses. Fine fumly grcficeness teas, 
 
 ; " - :->- pri>TBsi<His and'evervthing to be 
 
 iaed piamnjf mui sa toe . :. a lorst-dass estab&hmeist can 
 
 The miU is built of br. ~ - j^e found in stock. Mr. Pexty 
 
 sSiMies in he^it, with amf^ ^^jto. rv:->a;^^ :;.^^ca iiee dehTery of goc<(ls in the city. 
 This miU is run in diieet conneetian i He wis bcwn in liriks^Connrr. Tennee- 
 with the basineae. A steam ei^gine of i see. He beko^ to the Free Masons, and 
 6t>-hoiBepow«r isnaedjallthemaefainexytheis a thorougfa and ca^pabie boainecs 
 being of the latest and most improTe^ I man, whose wdA-detserred success h&s 
 make. The facilities for the manufae- i heen guned by cJose attentitim to the 
 tnre of alldescriptioos of doors, window l wants of hs pairans, as well as by bu>i- 
 p«ndi^ moldingp, shii^^es, lathes;, sish, nea ability. 
 
 isesoccu|i: 
 
328 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 Educational. 
 
 ALABAMA CENTRAL FEMALE 
 COLLEGE.— One of the dnest educa- 
 tional institutions known to the State of 
 Alabama is the Alabama Central Femaie 
 College, established in the year 1857. 
 There are over one hundred students in 
 this institution, and thirty boarders. 
 Everything that can be done for the 
 education, comfort and recreation of 
 those attending this College is done here. 
 The building "i? the old" State Capitol, 
 M-hich accounts for its most beautiful 
 and artistic interior and exterior, and 
 was leased to the Baptists of the State 
 for ninety-nine years, with the privilege 
 of renewing the lease at the end of that 
 period, the sole condition being that a 
 school be kept in the building. The 
 structure is of brick, and is solid and 
 substantial, the walls being live feet 
 thick. Every advantage in all branches 
 of modern education is given to tlie.stu- 
 dents of the College. 
 
 Professor S. B. Foster, a native of 
 Tuscaloosa, is the esteemed and able 
 President. This gentleman graduated 
 at the University of Alabama. The Col- 
 lege, since it has been in his charge, has 
 flourished, and it is with pleasure that 
 ■we give this brief account of an institu- 
 tion which in every way is worthy of 
 the eminent success it has attained. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 LYNCH HOUSE, Mrs. Josie Lynch, 
 Proprietress. — An old-time, honored and j 
 popular city hostelry is that forming the 
 immediate subject of the present sketch. 
 The Lynch House was established March 
 17, 1885. Mrs. Josie Lynch, a native 
 of Louisiana, is the able piroprietress. 
 This house is most conveniently located 
 on Broad street, along which the street 
 cars run from the depot. The building 
 is an ornate three-story brick structure, 
 fitted up with all the modern adjuncts of ' 
 convenience and comfort, and affording 
 excellent accommodations for guests. 
 The diningroom will seat twenty people. 
 Rates are moderate. The table is a tine 
 one, being supplied with the best in the 
 market. The patronage includes the 
 bulk of the commercial trade, for whom 
 large samplerooms are provided, and no 
 house enjoys a better reputation as a de- 
 sirable stopping place. Mrs. Lynch, the 
 proyirietress, is thoroughly experienced 
 as hostess, and her well-directed efforts 
 in the promotion of the guests" comfort 
 are substantially appireciated. 
 
 Grocers. 
 
 R. C. HEMPHILL .v- CO.. Wholesale 
 and Retail Grocers. — One of the most 
 extensive wholesale and retail grocery 
 houses here is that of R. C. Hemphill & 
 Co.. successors to George C. Peterson. 
 Established in 1887, this house has had a 
 stibstantial trade. The store is a hand- 
 some brick building, and the stock car- 
 ried consists of a full assortment of staple 
 and fancy groceries, tejis, coffees, sugars, 
 spices, canned goods, grocers' sundries, 
 and a general line of merchandise per- 
 taining to the trade. The house makes 
 a leading specialty of fine groceries, and 
 their facilities for procuring supplies in 
 this line are not excelled by any house 
 in the citv. 
 
 Mr. R."C. Hemphill, formerly of M. 
 C. Thomas ct Co.. brokers, is a native of 
 Tuscaloosit, and his partner. Mr. J. I. 
 Sturdivant, of Columbus. Mississippi. 
 Both are eminently qualified for their 
 business, and well deserve the large 
 patronage they are receiving. The high 
 character and standing of the firm, to- 
 gether with the extent of their opera- 
 tions, render it one of the most notice- 
 able in this section. 
 
 Hotel. 
 
 WASHINGTON HOTEL.— The well- 
 known and popular Washington Hotel, 
 established many years before the war, 
 is in a central part of the town, on 
 Broad street. This house from the date 
 of opening has had a large patronage. 
 The building is a conspicuous one and is 
 of brick and three stories in height. 
 There are forty rooms in the house. The 
 spacious dining hall will seat sixty 
 people and the hotel will accommodate 
 with ease eighty. It has large bath- 
 rooms, the hotel being supplied with 
 water from j>rivate waterworks. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 AV. L. HOWELL ct CO.— Among the 
 first-class grocery and provision houses 
 located in'this city there are none that 
 for location, excellence of stock and 
 everything pertaining to a first-class busi- 
 ness" excel that of W. L. Howell tt Co., 
 established on the 15th of August, 1887. 
 The premises are finely arranged for ad- 
 vantageously displaying the stock and 
 condiK'ting the business, Two wagons 
 are used to deliver goods free to cus- 
 tomers. In the stock" can be found the 
 freshest and choicest of groceries, fine 
 flour, table luxuries, provisions, meat 
 
Tuscaloosa. 
 
 329 
 
 (fresh and salt\ vegetables, fruits, etc. 
 Fresh coffee is roated daily and fine teas 
 are a specialty. 
 
 Mr. W. L. Howell is a native of 
 Marion. Perry County. Alabama He is 
 a o^utleman'of fine qualities and good 
 standing. " W. S. T. B." i We Sell The 
 Best* is his motto, which has been 
 pronounced to be true by all who have 
 dealt with the firm. 
 
 ; sviccess. The premises consist of a fine 
 i two-stori- brick building. All that is 
 ' sold here is of the best quality and is 
 ; moderate in price. Messrs. Leather- 
 i wood »fc Knox invariably give s;\tisfac- 
 : tion to all their customers, who are many 
 : and of the better classes. The stock 
 i consists of a full and complete assort- 
 ment of furniture, carpets of all descrip- 
 tions, rugs and everything usually to be 
 found in"a first-classestablishment. 
 
 Furniture. Etc. 
 
 j Mr. T. M. Leatherwood and Mr. T. P. 
 
 I Knox are natives of Greene County, 
 LEATHERWOOr ifc KNOX.— This \ Alabama, and have always been known 
 important branch of trade has able and as reliable business men. 
 
 efficient representatives in Messrs. j 
 
 Leatherwood ct Knox. This is the only g^.^^ f^fj,,^ ^„^ y^^^f Carding. 
 
 house 01 Its kind m the citv, and ever 
 
 since the inception of business (which i ROBERT WILSON.— Among the en- 
 ■was in September, 1S85) it has met with 1 terp rises which form the basis of com- 
 
330 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 mercial wealth and importance of this 
 trade mart, should be mentioned Robert 
 Wilson's grist mills and wool carding 
 establishment, founded in 1885. These 
 mills, owing to the tine business abilities 
 of its owner, are flourishing. The othce 
 is centrally located in the city. The 
 premises comprise a series of commo- 
 dious and well-arranged structures, cov- 
 ering a large area, and the equipment 
 embraces all the newest and best im- 
 proved machinery, operated by heavy 
 steam power. Each of Mr. Wilson's 
 mills (for he owns two) turns out 200 
 bushels per day, while the wool carding 
 daily product is 125 pounds. A fine 30- 
 horse power engine and 40-horse power 
 boiler are used. 
 
 Mr. Wilson is a man of splendid charac- 
 ter and sterling qualities, standing well 
 in every way in the community. 
 
 Jewelry. 
 
 R. McLAIN. — This store is attrac- 
 tively fitted up and contains a full and 
 complete assortment of everything in 
 the line of watch work and opticians' 
 goods, the finest gold and silver watches, 
 clocks, novelties in jewelry, silverware, 
 etc., all of which have been selected 
 ■with great care, and are to be bought at 
 the lowest prices consistent with fair 
 dealing. 
 
 Mr. R. McLain established his busi- 
 ness here in 1887, and since the incep- 
 tion has met with all success. The 
 premises occupied consist of a fine two- 
 story brick building. He makes a 
 specialty of watch work, and invariably 
 gives satisfaction in repairing watches. 
 Everything that he handles in the jew- 
 elry or optician's line is of best quality. 
 
 Mr. McLain is a native of Baltimore, 
 and being a man of fine qualities his 
 trade cannot but become more substan- 
 tial and profitable each year. 
 
 Dry Goods. 
 
 FRIEDMAN & ROSENAU.— One of 
 the popular retail houses in its line of 
 trade is Friedman &, Rosenau, established 
 in 1885. They are dealers in dry goods, 
 clothing and shoes, and merchant tailor- 
 ing and household furnishing goods. 
 This house has enjoyed a prosperous 
 and continually increasing trade. The 
 building is three stories and comprises 
 two fine stores, one being set apart for 
 dry goods and the other being used en- 
 tirely for gents' clothing. The stores are 
 heavily stocked with the finest goods, 
 
 and several assistants are kept busy in 
 supplying the wants of the large and 
 liberal patronage. 
 
 These gentlemen have long been promi- 
 nent in trade circles, and respected as 
 representative merchants. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers. 
 
 T. N. HAYS & CO.— Among the many 
 fine grocery stores in this State there 
 are none more worthy of consideration 
 in the present volume than that of the 
 well-known wholesale house of T. N. 
 Hays & Co., successors to Geo. A. Searcy 
 & Co. This business was established the 
 21st of November, 1887, its career having 
 been successful. A large trade has been 
 built up and is rapidly increasing 
 throughout the State. The premises oc- 
 cupied are finely located, built of brick 
 and two stories high. Employment is 
 given to several assistants. 
 
 Mr. T. N. Hays was born in Texas 
 and educated in Arkansas. 
 
 Mr. M. B. Donoho is a native of this 
 city. 
 
 They are energetic and thorough busi- 
 ness men, who, by the exercise of com- 
 mercial integrity, combined with a 
 straightforward system of honoi-able 
 dealing and unusual business sagacity, 
 have achieved a large success. 
 
 Groceries, Confections, Etc. 
 
 J. FORSTER.— Among the firmly- 
 established houses in this city which 
 have acquired a marked degree of suc- 
 cess and popularity is the family grocery, 
 confectionery and bakery of Mr. J. 
 Forster, situated opposite the court- 
 house, and estaljlished in 1881. This 
 house is justly regarded as a worthy 
 representative of the trade. 
 
 Mr. Forster enjoys a fine trade. His 
 store is a fine frame building. He keeps 
 everything in the family grocery line and 
 makes the finest of breads fresh every 
 day, as well as rolls and cakes. Rye 
 bread is a specialty. The prices will be 
 found to be as low as any in the city, 
 while all goods bought here are of the 
 very best quality. Orders are promptly 
 filled and goods delivered free of charge. 
 Mr. Forster has achieved an enviable 
 reputation for the purity of his confec- 
 tionery, as he uses only the choicest 
 grades of sugars, fruits, extracts, etc. 
 In regard to his brands of cakes and 
 crackers the same remarks apply, they 
 having been ranked as standard goods. 
 
 Mr. Forster is a native of Austria. He. 
 belongs to the Knights of Honor, and 
 
Tuscaloosa. 
 
 331 
 
 bears an excellent character and repu- 
 tation. 
 
 Bakery and Confections. 
 
 J. MURPHY.— This popular bakery 
 and confectionery was founded in the year 
 1883. The store is equipped with the 
 latest improved appliances and facilities 
 known to this important department of 
 trade. The products of the bouse in- 
 clude all kinds of bread, rolls, biscuits, 
 plain and fancy cakes, pies and pastry. 
 He makes the finest caramels and candies 
 of every description, shipping through- 
 out the country to dealers. Purity is the 
 main essential to be observed in the 
 manufacture of confections, and Mr. 
 Murphy, by scrupulous observance of 
 this feature in his business, has always 
 enjoyed a liberal and substantial patron- 
 age. His store is a substantial structure 
 •of two stories. 
 
 He is a native of Tuscaloosa. He is a 
 man of fine character and standing in 
 the community, and is in every way 
 deserving of his success. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 FRIEDMAN & LOVEMAN were es- 
 tablished in Tuscaloosa in 1865. They 
 do a wholesale dry goods, boot and shoe 
 business. The home office is in Tusca- 
 loosa, and Eastern office in New York. 
 Their Tuscaloosa house is a fine edifice, 
 two stories high. This house does a large 
 business in and around Tuscaloosa and 
 in at least half a dozen counties adjoin- 
 ing. It has gained a fine prestige, owing 
 to its widely established reputation as 
 one of the most reliable houses in the 
 ■State. The members of the firm are 
 Messrs. B. Friedman and E. Loveman 
 
 Mr. Friedman is native of Hungary. 
 His partner, Mr. Loveman, resides at 
 New York. 
 
 The}'- are gentlemen of excellent stand- 
 ing and enjoy the respect and confidence 
 of all classes. 
 
 Mr. B. Friedman is also the treasurer 
 and general manager of the mills oper- 
 ated by the Tuscaloosa Manufacturing 
 Company, at Cottondale, Alabama, that 
 employ 300 hands, working full time the 
 year round ; also is vice president of the 
 Tuscaloosa Coal, Iron and Land Com- 
 pany and the INIerchants' National Bank ; 
 a director in the First National Bank of 
 Tuscaloosaand Tuscaloosa Northern Rail- 
 road, and an alderman of the city. 
 
 Livery, Feed and Sale Stables. 
 
 MEDLIN & GAUDIN.— In making a 
 detailed review of the different branches 
 of trade in Tuscaloosa, we find occupying 
 a prominent position that of Messrs. 
 Medlin & Gaudin, established on March 1, 
 1887. Since they began, these gentlemen 
 have done a thriving business. Their 
 stables, one block east of the Washington 
 House, are admirably arranged for the 
 care and sale of stock. Attentive grooms 
 are in attendance, while stock boarded 
 here is fed, watered and cared for in 
 the most satisfactory manner. These 
 stables turn out some of the finest car- 
 riages and best-looking horses in town, 
 and their drivers are reliable and careful. 
 All calls are attended to promptly, day 
 or night. Twenty horses and ten mules 
 are kept exclusive, besides boarding 
 horses. Messrs. Medlin & Gaudin also do 
 a large business in undertaking. As 
 undertakers they have met great success, 
 being thoroughly posted in the details. 
 
 Mr. Medlin is a native of Tuscaloosa 
 County, and Mr. Gaudin of Mobile. 
 They are courteous and affable as well as 
 sound, established business men, enjoy- 
 ing the esteem of the entire community 
 at home, as well as of jiatrons abroad. 
 
BESSEMER. 
 
 FIFTEEN months ago there was not a house or building on the site 
 of Bessemer proper, save the rode, temporary structure ha^^tily 
 erected from which to hold the first sale of lots, and here and 
 there an old loghouse in the midst of small clearings, the habi- 
 tations of original owners or squatters. True, on the reservation 
 were the two immense furnaces in process of construction mow 
 completed', the DeBardeleben Coal and Iron Company's commis- 
 sary building, boardinghouses and quarters for its employees, and 
 we might add the beginning of lines of huge stone walls of the 
 most substantial construction, the foundation of a series of exten- 
 sive coke ovens. 
 
 On the 12th day of April, 1SS7, the first sale of lots had been advertised 
 in what was to be Bessemer. Several hundred people were in attendance. 
 Many of them were strangers to the section and to the country, having been 
 probably primarily attracted by the '"boom" just then apparently on the 
 wane in Birmingham. The larger number, however, were from Birmingham 
 and contiguous places. The people found the site of the prospective Besse- 
 mer located in a beautiful valley, or rather on an elevated plateau, with an 
 agreeably undulating surface, with numerous springs and streams of pure, 
 clear, cool water, found here and there between extended ranges of moun- 
 tains, or rather high ridges or hills on the northeast and southwest. 
 
 The site indicated was covered with a heavy but richly varied forest 
 growth, through which for some distance rectangular stretches had been cut, 
 indicative of the lines of streets and avenues. Huge stumps, cut timber 
 and fallen debris obstructed passage or made it difficult. The material 
 prospect for prominent and immediate and visible change was not promising. 
 The people wandered over the site and finally gathered at the rude stand to 
 await the opening sale. 
 
 The feeling dominant was not speculative. Had the time been six months 
 or three months sooner, the impulse of that wonderful era of rapidly, enorm- 
 ously enhancing values and wild speculation, which entered and found its 
 apotheosis in the city of Birmingham but a few weeks before, would have 
 led to blind and indiscriminate purchasings. But now conservative and 
 prudent judgments had to be confronted and con\-inced. 
 
 "What was it, then, that was offered to the people to enlist their interest 
 and to secure their co-operation and investment ? 
 
Bessemer. 335 
 
 The site over which all had wandered, and upon which they stood, 
 Tvas pleasing to the eye; the forest growth was rich, varied and beautiful ; the 
 •soil was light, but fertile and productive ; the surface superbly adapted for 
 perfect drainage, the water supply ample and pure ; the most eligible and 
 picturesque locations for residences abounded, and all the conditions for per- 
 fect health and pleasant habitation seemed to exist. 
 
 To the northeast, less than a mile distant, hardly a stone's throw, was 
 the Red Mountain, from which the rich red ores that supplied the Birming- 
 ham furnaces were taken. Looking still to the north and east, only three 
 miles distant, was Redding, from which was regularly shipped the ore that 
 supplied the Chattanooga furnaces. The whole range to the south and west 
 and to the north and east was but one enormous vein of rich iron ore. 
 
 To the southwest was the Rock Mountain range. Just beyond it —imping- 
 ing almost upon its summit — commenced the vast, exhaustless Black Warrior 
 ■coal measures. 
 
 Nearly in the same direction, but more to the south, only a few miles dis- 
 "tant, were immense beds of limestone. 
 
 Already these sections had been linked together — become as one for indus- 
 trial purposes — by a network of railways. 
 
 The conditions for the most economical and an enormous production of 
 iron, the great factor in modern industrial progress, could not more favorably 
 ■or happily exist. 
 
 The DeBardeleben Coal and Iron Company, the stockholders of which 
 ■vrere the principal projectors and founders of Bessemer, were the owners of 
 thousands and tens of thousands of these iron ore, coal and limestone lands 
 .surrounding and in proximity to Bessemer. 
 
 To-day — fifteen months from the day of the first sale of lots — Bessemer is 
 a city, with a regular municipal government ; with a population of between 
 2,800 and 3,000 people; with over two hundred andfifty houses and buildings, 
 some of them as fine and as elaborate in design and construction as there are 
 in the State, with various industries in operation; with regularly graded 
 streets, with a complete system of waterworks under contract and in process 
 •of construction ; with a perfect network of railroads centering here, andevery- 
 ithing about it teeming with life, activity and progress. 
 
 T 
 
 HE PROGRESS OF FIFTEEN MONTHS 
 
 The history of this country will show no parallel to the growth of Besse- 
 mer. Frequently new towns are started with a great flourish of trumpets, 
 and for the time being show spasmodic or mushroom progress. But there was 
 no flare of trumpet in Bessemer's inception, and there has been nothing spas- 
 modic in her progress. Commencing at the close of the past business season 
 she passed through a summer which elsewhere was of unusual dullness, stead- 
 ily progressing — each day adding to her resources and to her population. 
 
yyxvmni 
 
 I, ' ' ■' 
 
Besskmer. 337 
 
 A. 
 
 BRIEF REVIEW OF TO-DAY 
 
 The industries of Bessemer established and now in process of rajiid con- 
 struction are : 
 
 The Bessemer Land and Improvement Company, with a capital stock of 
 $2,500,000, with a surplus of $800,000 cash, and assets in the treasury. This 
 Company is the founder of Bessemer, and is full of all that kind of enterprise 
 which guarantees success. It has done, and is doing, the major part of the 
 improving, thus relieving owners of property of all city taxes, save a very 
 small — indeed, a nominal— assessment for police, etc. 
 
 The DeBardeleben Coal & Iron Company, with a capital stock of $4,000,- 
 '000. Their belief in Bessemer is emphasized by the four huge furnaces now 
 being erected, a further notice of which will be found. 
 
 A large rolling mill of the best improved and most perfect machinery, 
 employing over 600 skilled hands, and converting daily over 100 tons of pig 
 iron into products of two, three and four times their value. 
 
 Bessemer Steel and Iron Company, capital $1,500,000, are erecting two coke 
 furnaces, with a capacity of 125 tons iron per day. 
 
 The Little Belle Iron Company, capital $200,000, a charcoal furnace, 
 -sixty tons capacity. 
 
 Bessemer Fire Brick Works, with a capital of $50,000. 
 
 The Carolina Real Estate Company, with a capital stock of $300,000, who 
 have built already forty odd houses for homes, a business block and several 
 handsome storehouses. 
 
 The Orleans Land and Building Company, with a capital of $200,000, who 
 are also engaged in putting up substantial homes and business blocks. More 
 than twenty of their houses are already erected and occupied. 
 
 The Natchez Land and Improvement Company, with a capital stock of 
 $300,000, whose houses rival in elegant appointments, exterior and interior, 
 the buildings of the companies from Charleston and the Crescent City. 
 Twenty odd of their buildings are already completed and being used for com- 
 mercial and living purposes. 
 
 The South Bessemer Homestead and Improvement Company, whose capital 
 stock will be expended in beautiful grounds and handsome buildings. 
 
 The Adler & Harris combination, whose attractive cottages, twenty-six in 
 number, are now rented and occupied, and who are now building five brick 
 •storehouses. 
 
 Where else is so much capital beautifying, improving and upbuilding ? 
 More than ten million dollars, as has been enumerated, is being liber- 
 ally and intelligently utilized in building a city. And this sum total, magnifi- 
 cent though it be, does not include the heavy investments of the eight rail- 
 roads which center in this " Marvel City." 
 
 The First National Bank of Bessemer is located in a splendid building of 
 -stone and brick, at the corner of Nineteenth street and Second avenue. 
 
 There are seven lines oi railway graded to Bessemer, as follows: 
 
Bessemkr. 339» 
 
 The Alabama Great Southern. 
 
 The Louisville & Nashville. 
 
 The Bessemer & Huntsville. 
 
 The Bessemer & Tuscaloosa. 
 
 The Kansas City, Memphis & Bessemer. 
 
 The Georgia Pacific. 
 
 The Bessemer & Birmingham Dummy Line. 
 
 The following are located and being graded : 
 
 The Mobile & Bessemer. 
 
 The Georgia Central. 
 
 The following is projected and the route provisionally surveyed : 
 
 The Bessemer & Selma. 
 
 There is the Charleston Block, costing $125,000 ; the Nabers & Morrow 
 three-story block ; the Adler Block ; the Jenkins Block, and the Berney 
 Bros.' National Bank Building — all of brick, cutstone and terra cotta. Other- 
 brick blocks and buildings have been commenced. 
 
 The Montezuma Hotel, a grand structure of superb and beautiful archi- 
 tecture, fifty rooms capacity, has been completed at an expense of |35,000, 
 and opened to the jjublic. 
 
 The Grand Hotel — a magnificent building of brick, cutstone and terra 
 cotta — has been completed. It cost over $50,000, and has a capacity for one 
 hundred guests. 
 
 The public school building, an elegant frame structure, will provide com- 
 fortable quarters for two hundred pupils. 
 
 Several church edifices have been erected. 
 
 Over one hundred men are now regularly employed in grading the- 
 streets. 
 
 ' By contract the waterworks are to be completed soon, and to furnish an 
 ample water supply for a population of 25,000 people. 
 
 The Bessemer Electric Light & Power Company have their plant of a. 
 capacity of 500,000 candle power. 
 
 'HE PRICE OF LOTS 
 
 The price of lots for sale by the Bessemer Land and Improvement Company 
 range from ten to twenty-five dollars per front foot for residence lots, and from 
 twenty-five to seventy-five dollars per front foot for business lots. The terms 
 are one-fourth cash ; balance in one, two and three years, with eight per cent, 
 interest. 
 
 The South Bessemer Homestead Company has placed its property on sale, 
 payable in monthly installments, or in case of valuable improvement, with- 
 out cash payment, at prices ranging from ten to forty-five dollars per front 
 foot. 
 
 The Bessemer Company gives concessions in land and in stock to all rep- 
 utable industries. 
 
PROMINENT BUSINESS NIEN. 
 
 Coal and Iron. 
 
 THE DeBARDELEBEN COAL AND 
 IRON COMPANY.— The mineral wealth 
 •of tlie State of Alabama is enormous, and 
 there is no State in the Union where can 
 'be found such extensive and rich beds of 
 Ihe choicest iron and coal deposits — 
 enough of the former to furnish the world 
 with steel for centuries— and all lying 
 within a few miles of this city. Among 
 the leading corporations engaged in the 
 mining and shipping of coal and iron ore, 
 and tlie manufacture of pig iron and 
 burning of coke, special mention should 
 be made of the DeBardeleben Coal and 
 Iron Company, whose operations are 
 conducted upon such an extensive scale. 
 The Company owns a wide area of min- 
 eral lands — comprising over thirty thou- 
 sand acres, tested and known to afford 
 an inexhaustible supply of the ore for 
 making pig iron and coal for making coke. 
 The Company was established June 1st, 
 1886, with H. F. DeBardeleben President 
 and General Manager, and Andrew M. 
 Adger Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 The furnaces, two in number, have a 
 daily capacity of 125 tons of pig iron, and 
 give employment to a large numl)er of 
 men. The mining of coal and the 
 numerous coke ovens require a large 
 force, and altogether the varied interests 
 of this plant make it a most important 
 factor in the development of the mineral 
 wealth of this section. 
 
 The President and General Manager, 
 Mr. Henry F. DeBardeleben, is the most 
 prominent figure in iron manufacture to 
 be found in the South. In this work he 
 is a pioneer, and the leading spirit in 
 ■developing the mineral wealth of this 
 vsection of Alabama. Mr. DeBardeleben 
 23 
 
 was the first to discover that coke could 
 be made from Birmingham coal, and 
 accordingly he built the Pratt Mines 
 Railroad, and this led to the founding of 
 this city. In addition, he opened the 
 Henryellen mines, and established the 
 Alice Furnace and the Mary Pratt Fur- 
 nace. These are all named for his rela- 
 tives, and are in successful operation. 
 Mr. DeBardeleben is a sagacious, ener- 
 getic and public-spirited man, and one 
 who has proven himself an indispensable 
 factor in the mineral development of 
 this section and the growth and progress 
 of Birmingham, as well as Bessemer. 
 
 Mr. Andrew M. Adger, Secretary and 
 Treasurer, is a South Carolinian by 
 birth, having been born and reared in 
 Charleston. For twelve years he was 
 engaged in the cotton and phosphate 
 business of that city, from which place 
 he came directly to Birmingham, and 
 thence to Bessemer. He is an efficient 
 officer, an able financier, and withal a 
 most genial and popular gentleman. 
 
 AVitli such men at the helm it is no 
 wonder that the DeBardeleben Coal and 
 Iron Company is a credit to its man- 
 agement and an honor to the State. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 N. H. SEWALL.— Mr. Sewall is a na- 
 tive of Iberville Parish, Louisiana. Hav- 
 ing suffered financially from repeated 
 overflows of the Mississippi River, and 
 from other causes so disastrous to plant- 
 ers and farmers in the riparian districts 
 of Louisiana, attracted by the much- 
 talked-of boom of Birmingham, indeed 
 of the whole of Jones' Valley, he came 
 to Alabama with the determination of 
 
342 
 
 North Alabama, 
 
 making his home in this prosperous 
 State. When Bessemer first made its 
 appearance on the tapis, Mr. Sewall 
 moved bag and baggage to this little 
 " city in the woods," now the Marvel 
 City of North Alabama, and was one of 
 the first to be established in the real estate 
 business in Bessemer — a real estate pio- 
 neer, in fact. 
 
 Mr. Sewall is a firm believer in the 
 future of Bessemer, considering it no 
 trouble to show visitors over the city, 
 calling their attention to the best bar- 
 gains, etc. He also established the Pio- 
 neer Hardware Store of R. H. F. Sewall, 
 and the lumber business run in connec- 
 tion with it, and is manager of his broth- 
 er's interests in Bessemer, as Mr. R. H. 
 F. Sewall resides in Birmingham. Mr. 
 Sewall does not by any means confine his 
 attention and time to Bessemer, but takes 
 in the whole of Jones' Valley, and has 
 many choice bits of real estate bargains, 
 to which he would call the attention of 
 all wishing to invest in this portion of 
 the county, so replete with mineral 
 wealth. Any one desirous of informa- 
 tion in reference to mineral and timber 
 lands, town lots, investments in build- 
 ings, paying handsome interests, would 
 do well to correspond with him. Prop- 
 erties range all the way from four dollars 
 an acre to one thousand a front foot. 
 
 Mr. Sewall is also a member of the 
 Board of Trade of Bessemer, and can 
 give valuable information in all mercan- 
 tile matters. 
 
 Mr. Sewall married a daughter of the 
 late Ex-Governor P. O. Herbert, of 
 Louisiana. 
 
 Mrs. Sewall accompanied her husband, 
 "roughing it" with him in the early 
 days of Bessemer, when the place was a 
 mere wilderness and waste. 
 
 References : 
 
 Birmingham National Bank, Birming- 
 ham, Alabama. 
 
 John D. Murrell, Bayou Goula, Louis- 
 iana. 
 
 Blanks <k, Cornwell, Smithland, Louis- 
 iana. 
 
 I. G. Batchelor, Dr. A. A. Batchelor, 
 Smithland, Louisiana. 
 
 S. J. Norwood, Simmsport, Louisiana. 
 
 Druggists. 
 
 NABERS, MORROW & HENDON, 
 the leading drug firm of Bessemer, have 
 held that position from the date of their 
 opening. This was the natural result of 
 the wide-spread reputation of the Bir- 
 mingham firm of Nabers & Morrow. 
 
 Mr. L. A. Hendon, the junior partner- 
 of the Bessemer firm, had been connect- 
 ed with the firm at Birmingham for- 
 seven years previous to Bessemer's birth. 
 With their usual enterprise they saw in. 
 Bessemer a city of promise, and at once- 
 erected a large three-story brick build- 
 ing, part of which they use for Iheir 
 own business. This building is on the 
 principal thoroughfare, Nineteenth 
 street, between Second and Third aven- 
 ues. The Bessemer Dummy Line passes 
 in front of the door. The storeroom occu- 
 pied by the firm is handsomely furnished 
 and commodiously arranged for the 
 transaction of their large and growing, 
 business. Its Avhole appearance reminds- 
 one of the large stores of metropolitan 
 cities. The prescription department, ta 
 which especial attention is given, is. 
 under the direct supervision of Mr. 
 Hendon. The reputatiori of this gentle- 
 man as a skillful and careful compounder 
 of drugs has gone abroad through that . 
 section, and elicits the patronage of that 
 large class of people who value safety 
 and reliability in dealing with articles 
 which by even a slight mistake may 
 l^rove fatal. This firm being largely 
 identified with the interests of Bessemer, 
 receive, as they deserve, the respect and 
 patronage of the people at large, and will 
 no doubt in Bessemer, as in Birming- 
 ham, rank always as a solid, enterprising 
 and reliable adjunct to the commercial 
 interests of the city. 
 
 Bankers. 
 
 BERNEY BROS.— In the handsome 
 Berney Block, corner of Nineteenth 
 street and Second avenue (see cut) 
 Messrs. Berney Bros, have their bank- 
 ing house. Mr. Wm. Berney, the senior 
 member of the firm, is President of the 
 Berney National Bank of Birmingham,, 
 an institution which holds the confidence- 
 and a large share of the patronage of 
 Birmingham people. He is also Presi- 
 dent of the Bessemer Land and Improve- 
 ment Company, and has been largely- 
 instrumental, by its untiring energy and 
 interest, in the making of Bessemer.. 
 The confidence of this firm in the future 
 of Bessemer is well shown in the mag- 
 nificent building bearing their name,- 
 and the magnificently appointed bank 
 for Bessemer's custom. The depositors-, 
 in this bank belong not only to Besse- 
 mer, but come from surrounding sec- 
 tions and many hamlets which, pre- 
 vious to the organization of this bank., 
 left their deposits in Birmingham. Mr^. 
 
Bessemer. 
 
 343 
 
 C. Berney, the junior member of the 
 firm, has a handsome residence in Bes- 
 semer, and is highly esteemed both in 
 social and business relations. 
 
 CHAS. F. HARD & CO., 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance. 
 
 GEO. L. ROOT & CO., 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 R. L. CROOK & BRO., 
 
 Real Estate and Rentals. 
 
 T. B. ELLISON, 
 
 Stationery and Music. 
 
 S. E. JONES & CO., 
 
 Furniture and Undertakers. 
 
 BESSEMER DUMMY LINE, 
 Round Trip Tickets between 
 Birmingham and Bessemer, 
 
 40 cents. 
 
 MARVEL CITY BRICK CO., 
 Capacity, 25,000 daily. 
 
 BESSEMER BRICK CO., 
 
 Capacity, 25,000 daily. 
 
 MILLER & MALONE, 
 
 General Store. 
 
 R. M. McADORY & CO., 
 
 General Store. 
 
 M. FORST & CO., 
 
 Dry Goods and Clothing. 
 
 BUCHANAN & LAKE, 
 
 Groceries and Hardware. 
 
 BESSEMER MANUFACTUR- 
 ING CO., 
 
 Woodworking. 
 
344 
 
 North Alabama. 
 
 MONTEZUMA HOTEL. 
 
 (see cut.) 
 
 GRAND HOTEL. 
 
 <SOUTHERN EXPRESS CO. 
 
 UNITED STATES EXPRESS 
 COMPANY. 
 
 BALTIMORE & OHIO EX- 
 PRESS COMPANY.. 
 
 WESTERN UNION TELE- 
 GRAPH COMPANY. 
 
 JUDSON AGENCY, 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance. 
 
 " THE BESSEMER," 
 
 Published Weekly. 
 
 KENNELLY & ROBERTSON, 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 W. H. HOWELL, 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 CAROLINA REAL ESTATE 
 COMPANY. 
 
 NATCHEZ LAND & IMPROVE- 
 MENT COMPANY. 
 
THE LEA.DING HOTEL. 
 
 Mm Goni/eiiiences Tliroiia'Iiou 
 
 Ul 
 
 o 
 
 I— ( 
 
 > 
 
 w 
 
 CD 
 
 w 
 
 h 
 
 o 
 
 Best Furnished Rooms and Finest Table in the GitY- 
 
 $2 TO $3.50 PER Day. 
 21st Street, tetween 2n(l & Srd AYenues, 
 
 BIRrvUNGHAIVI, ALA. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Adams, Mead & Co., bankers 154 
 
 Advance— Alabama's 11 
 
 Alabama Abstract Co 146 
 
 Alabama Club Restaurant 145 
 
 Alabama Paper Co 153 
 
 Alabama Iron Works 156 
 
 Alabama National Bank 78 
 
 Alexander ct- Dryer, druggists 139 
 
 Alexander & Corpening, brokers 161 
 
 Alhambra Cigar Store 109 
 
 Allen, B. M., attorney 169 
 
 Allen, Carlisle & Taylor, real estate Ill 
 
 Allen, Scott & Co., grocers 70 
 
 Armstrong & Buck, architects 102 
 
 Arrington & Ellis, real estate 150 
 
 Artificial Stone Co 123 
 
 Asphalt Co 141 
 
 Avondale Lumber Co 113 
 
 Austin, Hull & Co., rubber stamps 153 
 
 Bacon & Jackson, engineers 107 
 
 Baxter Stove Co 77 
 
 Baker & Kirkland, lumber 121 
 
 Bellevue Academy 160 
 
 Bennie & Brophy, crockery 127 
 
 Beruey National Bank 72 
 
 Bernstein, S.. shoes 125 
 
 Berry. W. E. & Co., real estate 172 
 
 Birmingham 15 
 
 Altitude 16 
 
 Banks 23 
 
 Business 31 
 
 Churches 26 
 
 City Government 20 
 
 Climate and Health 20 
 
 Drainage 22 
 
 Foundation 16 
 
 Future of 67 
 
 Growth 16 
 
 Location 16 
 
 Manufacturing Advantages 36 
 
 Pay Roll : 37 
 
 Population 16 
 
 Public Buildings 27 
 
 Railway Center 17 
 
 Real Estate 31 
 
 Rents and Cost of Living 34 
 
 Schools. Public 23 
 
 Street Railroads 26 
 
 Suburbs 27 
 
 Taxes "..'. 29 
 
 Water 22 
 
 Birmingham Arms Co 137 
 
 Birmingham Coal and Brick Co 147 
 
 Birmingham Ice Co 9S 
 
 Birmingham Iron Works 106 
 
 Birmingham Marble Works 94 
 
 Birmingham Mining and Manufacturing Co... 69 
 
 Rolling Mills 104 
 
 Saw Works 139 
 
 Steam Dve Works 97 
 
 Trust and Savings Co 161 
 
 Bijou, confections 117 
 
 Blank Bros., clothiers 12'.> 
 
 Blanks, A. L., photos 130 
 
 Boggan & Thornton, groceries... 121 
 
 Boulden. C. M. & Co"., livery 134 
 
 Brewer, W. P.. sash and blinds 86 
 
 Brittle, S. T., coal, saw mills 75 
 
 Brooks & Brooks, attornevs 165 
 
 Brooks, C. C, druggist ! 133 
 
 Brown, W. S., groceries 134 
 
 Brunswick Hotel 131 
 
 Builders' Supplies Co > 76 
 
 Bush, Brown & Webb, attorneys 163 
 
 Butterfield Fruit Co 131 
 
 Cabaniss & Banks, attorneys 168 
 
 Cahalan. W. J., attorney 163 
 
 Calame. Paul, jeweler 125 
 
 Caldwell, H. M 65 
 
 Caldwell Printing Company 159 
 
 Carter, J. R 149 
 
 Cawthon & Reid, merchandise brokers 124 
 
 Ctiamblee, J. W., attorney 169 
 
 Chichester, J. D , real estate 150 
 
 Childs, D. A. &Co., dry goods 136 
 
 Citv Marble Works 147 
 
 Clark, J. C. & Co., brokers 102 
 
 Clisby & Ware, cotton buyers 141 
 
 Clisby & Ware, real estate 141 
 
 Coal 47 
 
 Coke 55 
 
 Demand 54 
 
 Development 51 
 
 Iron and Limestone 57 
 
 Proximity of Coal and Limestone 58 
 
 Quality 49 
 
 Quantity 49 
 
 Transportation 53 
 
 Cobb, W. N., jobshop 121 
 
 Collins S. v., & Co., grocers 143 
 
 (;opeland & Stone, books 151 
 
 Corbett Bros., harness 128 
 
 Costello, E. M.. tailor 81 
 
 Crellin&Nails.boilers 132 
 
 Crews, J. G., attorney 170 
 
 Crovvder. J M., real estate 161 
 
 Gumming it Hibbard, attornevs 167 
 
 Daly, T F., groceries '. 124 
 
 Dangaix & Throckmorton, insurance 108 
 
 Davis ife Worcester, bottling works ... 145 
 
 Davy, .1. T., real estate 84 
 
 Dean, L. L.. attorney 170 
 
 Dearborn & Co.. brokers 132 
 
 Dennis, W. L., furniture 156 
 
 Depot Restaurant 155 
 
 Dickey & Gillespie, attorneys 168 
 
 Dun, R. G.ife Co 152 
 
 Dunn tt Phelps, insurance 118-152 
 
 Earle, .1. B., general merchandise 143 
 
 East Birmingham Iron Roofum Company 87 
 
 Eiist Birmiughfuu Land Coniiiany 85 
 
 Eiist Birmingham Sail Iron Company 87 
 
 Kaslham. C." K.. attornev 167 
 
 EllLs, J. E. il- Co , dnisgists 134 
 
 Elyton Land Company 63 
 
 Elvton Land Company Car Works 90 
 
 Emmons. S. W., produce 149 
 
 Ensley Land Company 101 
 
Index. 
 
 347 
 
 117 
 122 
 160 
 
 PAGE 
 
 :Erminger. H. C. candies 1^6 
 
 Erswell, E., furniture '^; 
 
 "Eubank Bros., dentists '-J 
 
 :Excelsior Luundry ■-. l^;; 
 
 Falls ife Madden, builders' supplies Uo 
 
 Terguson & Putmau, attorneys Ito 
 
 Fies ct Son, livery 1-™ 
 
 First National Bank ';* 
 
 Florence Hotel. .= •'* 
 
 Fowlkes & Myatt. groceries !•» 
 
 Francis & Chenoweth, hardware ^-j 
 
 Fries, R. H., attorney 1^;^ 
 
 'Garrett & Underwood, attorneys Ib'S 
 
 Gate City Land Company 'o 
 
 'Gifford * Knowles, dry goods iiu 
 
 Gilmer & Rencher, real estate Ho 
 
 -Glimpse of North Alabama ^^H 
 
 Gluck & Black, jewelry 
 
 •Going, J. A., real estate 
 
 Godden, Amzi, druggist 
 
 <}regory & Bryan real estate ill 
 
 Graham. M. T., jewelry ]■^-■ 
 
 Hanrtv, William, insurance loO 
 
 Hardy & Co., brokers ™ 
 
 Harralson Bros,, tobacco l^J 
 
 Harris, R. C. & Co., grocers j'-o 
 
 Harris, G. C, transfer Ill 
 
 ^Harris, S. H., puints }oO 
 
 Harsh, G. R.. attorney I'l 
 
 Harwell it Rudisell, brokers lOS 
 
 Haskell & Talcott, engineers 11- 
 
 Hatch, Meriwether it Co., real estate lOh 
 
 Heflin it Bulger, attorneys 166 
 
 Heinsit Rothenhoffer, bakers 120 
 
 Herzfeld, H., carpets l'-9 
 
 Hewitt, Walker it- Porter 162 
 
 Hickle, O. F 9*^ 
 
 Hickman, W. P 169 
 
 Higdon & McCary, commission 89 
 
 Holt, T H 94 
 
 Hooper & Bain, house furnishings lol 
 
 Hopkins, J. B. & Co,, cornices 101 
 
 Hotel Royal la" 
 
 Howard College 114 
 
 Hudson, M. G. & Co., real estate 91 
 
 Hudson & Shaver, fruits 97 
 
 Hughes, C. T. & Co., lumber 96 
 
 Hughes, J. W.. drugs 112 
 
 Hughes Lumber Co 100 
 
 Introduction 9 
 
 Iron 43 
 
 Iron, Cost of Making 58 
 
 Iron Product of Alabama 12 
 
 Iron, Red Mountain 43 
 
 .Je^se French Piano & Organ Co 80 
 
 ..Johnston, C, builder 84 
 
 Kelley, W, L., stoves 100 
 
 Kennedy, John S , attorney 167 
 
 Kiernan\s- Steam Laundry 132 
 
 King, P. G., attorney 93 
 
 Kirkpatrick, J, D., real estate 138 
 
 Klebs, T. A., drugs 13-5 
 
 Klein, H. E,, druggist 132 
 
 Klein, L., hats 138 
 
 Knauf, R. it Co., mill supplies 95 
 
 Knott tfc Daughtry, insurance 117 
 
 Lakeview Hotel 122 
 
 Lane, A O., mayor 171 
 
 Lawson Carpet Co 104 
 
 Leonard <& Ellis, oils 150 
 
 Lightfoot & Co., brokers 95 
 
 Limestone 57-58 
 
 Little, J. H., attorney 166 
 
 Lomb & Hershey Co., machinists 114 
 
 Lubelsky, D., tailor 144 
 
 Lunsford Hotel 152 
 
 Luster, D. B., shoes 143 
 
 McCarthy, F. W 170 
 
 McClain, J. W., architect 127 
 
 McDavid, J. J., attorney 154 
 
 Mcintosh & Altman, attorneys 168 
 
 McKnight it Co., coal 139 
 
 .McLester & VanHoose, groceries 124 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Magic City Hotel 115 
 
 Magic City Steam Bottling Works 172 
 
 Mangin it- Bouchou.K, locksmiths 148 
 
 Manegold, John, confections 120 
 
 Varburv, Jones & Co., lumber 148 
 
 Markhain, R T., carpenter 125 
 
 Marks, J. C. it- Co,, wines 151 
 
 Marshall, J. B. & Co., builders 93 
 
 Martin & McEachin, attorneys 167 
 
 Marv Pratt furnace J8 
 
 Mason it Martin, attorneys I'O 
 
 Mavberry, H. H. & Co., lime 148 
 
 Miles it Ballard, attorneys 166 
 
 Mills, J. A., jewelrv 140 
 
 Milner ttKettig. mill supplies '9 
 
 Minis, W.J 168 
 
 Mineral City Auction House 12< 
 
 Minnegerode & Ellerbe, machinery 119 
 
 Molton, T. H., real estate 142 
 
 Moore & Handley Hardware Co 82 
 
 Moore & Haden, grocers 14o 
 
 Moore & Webb, lumber 88 
 
 Morris, Josiah 63 
 
 Moses, I., tailor 146 
 
 Moss & Morson, coal 88 
 
 Mountjov <fc Tomlinson, attorneys 169 
 
 MuUer, M , fish and oysters 120 
 
 Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association 143 
 
 Nabers & Morrow, druggists 95 
 
 Neal, W. E. & Co., flour andgrain 128 
 
 New Home Sewing Machine Co 127 
 
 New York Bakery 147 
 
 Obear Jewelry Co 90 
 
 Oppenheimer, E. & Co.. whiskies 107 
 
 Ozanne it Taylor, bakers 120 
 
 Parisian Dry Goods and Millinery 133 
 
 Perkins Bros., dentists 140 
 
 Perrv, H. W. &Co., tobacco US 
 
 Perrvman, T. M., groceries 115 
 
 Perrvman, W. E. it- Co., real estate 112 
 
 Perrv Mason Shoe Co '1 
 
 Phillips, I. & Bro , furniture 138 
 
 Pierre, W. St., shoes ■■ 146 
 
 Pinckard, DeBardeleben it Co., stocks and 
 
 bonds '^ 
 
 Porter, M. T I'O 
 
 Reckling, A. C, harness 11;^ 
 
 Redington. photos 157 
 
 Richardson, J, T., real estate 107 
 
 Rich it Biederman, shoes 131 
 
 Rochester, R 92 
 
 Rockett <fc Blythe, gents' furnishings 116 
 
 Roden, John B., books 153 
 
 Rosenstihl Bros., jewelers 144 
 
 Rowlett & Anglin, real estate 94 
 
 Rovster Provision Co 116 
 
 Satterfield's Shoe Store 137 
 
 Schillinger Brewing Co 135 
 
 Scott, G. D., tailor 121 
 
 Seeman, Otto & Bro., fish 126 
 
 Semple, D., attorney 165 
 
 Shahan, J., produce 119 
 
 Shepherd, J. H.. photos 126 
 
 Simmons, C. S., grocer 136 
 
 Sloss Iron and Steel Co 71 
 
 Smith Boot and Shoe Co 94 
 
 Smith, C. M. & Co., lumber 149 
 
 Smith, John G, & Co., real estate and insur- 
 
 RUCG 
 
 Smith, M. M., druggist 158 
 
 Smith, T. S., dry goods 8/ 
 
 Smith, W. S. it Co., architects lOo 
 
 Smith it Coughlan, cotton buyers 155 
 
 Smith & Montgomery, books 158 
 
 Snyder, Wm. & Sons, tailors 15b 
 
 South Anniston Land Co 122 
 
 Southern Pacific Tea Co 149 
 
 Speaker, A., jeweler Ij3 
 
 Steel 60 
 
 Steiner Bros , bankers 1-54 
 
 Stockton it Co., brokers 113 
 
 Stollenwerck it- Co , brokers 100 
 
 Stowers, G. A,, furniture 1^5 
 
348 
 
 Index. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Stranpe & MrOnrley, attorneys 168 
 
 Sutclitl'e. John, architect " 123 
 
 Sutton, Salvador, lumljer 95 
 
 Tarrant. A. J 170 
 
 Tennessee Coal. Iron & Railroad Co 70 
 
 Thomson, C, tailor 108 
 
 Three Rivers Coal Co 115 
 
 Titche, groceries 85 
 
 Trousdale & Sons, livery 119 
 
 Vandesrift, A. B., general merchant UO 
 
 Vary, .Tohn, attorney 104 
 
 Vest Bros., painters 113 
 
 Wade, W. H, attorney ICO 
 
 Wagner, E., produce.! 134 
 
 Ward d- Head, attorneys 164 
 
 Warren. Ed., n-al estate 95 
 
 Weaver ct Smith, attorneys 165 
 
 Webb & Tillman, attorneys 162 
 
 West End Land Co .". 88 
 
 , , T-Aum 
 
 Vi harton Flouring Mill 105^ 
 
 Wheeliu'k. (;. F., coal tar HT 
 
 Wheelock A Son. areliitccts 99> 
 
 Whildeu, B. D., flour and grain 128 
 
 White AWeatherly, attorneys 164 
 
 Wilkerson ct Stone, druggists 99- 
 
 Willis & Randall, dry goods 106 
 
 Willis. O. L., real estate 112 
 
 Wilson, Martin Ac Leedy, real estate 110 ■ 
 
 Winkley Fi-inting Works 130 
 
 Windsor Hotel 137 
 
 W. K. T. B., groceries 92 
 
 Woods. T. S., groceries 129' 
 
 Woodward, R. H. & Co.. groceries _ 129' 
 
 Yancey, J. L., real estate 144, 
 
 Yancey, W. E. & Co., groceries 96' 
 
 Yates, J. A., real estate 1,50 
 
 Young it- Gage, groceries StV 
 
 Youngblood & Ehrman, lumber 155i 
 
 ANNISTON. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Anniston Bargain Store 200 
 
 Anniston Bloomary 202 
 
 Anniston City Land Co 192 
 
 Anniston Foundry 203 
 
 Anniston Inn 187 
 
 Anniston Manufacturing Co 208 
 
 Anniston Pipe Works 198 
 
 Anniston Savings Bank 194 
 
 Anniston Tavern 203 
 
 Brown & Young, dentists 203 
 
 Bush, W. D., livery. 19,S 
 
 Campbell, I'hillips" & Co., furniture 197 
 
 Cason. G. P., hardware 197 
 
 Cater-Henderson Mercantile Co 196 
 
 Chisolm & (ireen, architects 201 
 
 Church. Presbyterian 17fi 
 
 Climate 174 
 
 Coleman, J. W., dry goods 205 
 
 Conclusion 191 
 
 Doering & Roh)inson, jewelers 199 
 
 Donahue ct- Snelling, paints 204 
 
 Elam, E. E., druggist 201 
 
 Farrar (1- Higgins, planing mill 194 
 
 Fire Department 183 
 
 First National Bank 194 
 
 Forbes, T s., builders' supplies 200 
 
 Fry, A B.. jewelry 207 
 
 Growth of City I77 
 
 Handley. W. F. & Co.. tailor 207 
 
 Ingram, J. B. ifc Co., grocers 205 
 
 PAGE' 
 
 Jones, A. H., stoves 196- 
 
 Live Racquet Store 205 
 
 Location 173. 
 
 JlcJunkin & Co., general merchandise 19&' 
 
 McPharlane, P. H. & Co., druggist 200^' 
 
 Model City Hat and Shoe Store 202 
 
 Natural Resources 177 
 
 Nininger, A. R., real estate 198> 
 
 Noble Institute I99v 
 
 Noble Street 178 
 
 Norwood, G. H., printing 206' 
 
 Perkins, J. C. & Co., groceries 196. 
 
 Railway Center 181 
 
 Ramsey, T. M. & Co., dry goods 207' 
 
 Rees & Camfield, real estate 195 
 
 Russell Bros., photos 207 
 
 Schools 185. 
 
 Simpson, G. P. <t' E H., dry goods - 204 
 
 Stanton, Bros., furniture 206- 
 
 Streets 184 
 
 Summary 180- 
 
 Thomp,s6n, V. S.. books 201 
 
 Taylor, Chas. & Sons, fire brick 205 
 
 Trnitt, Alf & Co., hardware 206 
 
 Ullman Bros., clothing 204 
 
 ITnited States Rolling Stock Co 186- 
 
 Water Supply 183- 
 
 Whetstone & Co., groceries 197 
 
 Wikle, J. L., druggist 209* 
 
 Woodstock Iron Co 192; 
 
 HUNTSVILLE. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Brohaw Spring and Park 229 
 
 Chalvbente Spring 232 
 
 Cold Spring 2.S0 
 
 Courthouse 215 
 
 Episcopal Clmrch 217 
 
 Farm, a Model 243 
 
 Female f College 221 
 
 Female Academy 227 
 
 Health .". 214 
 
 Huntsville 211 
 
 Hun tsville Hotel 238 
 
 Page: 
 
 Location 214 
 
 Mannfaeturing Advantages 228- 
 
 Monte Sano 234 
 
 Natural Resources 223^ 
 
 New Huntsville Hotel 237 
 
 North Alabama Improvement Company 229>' 
 
 I'ost Oflice and Courthouse 210i> 
 
 Railroad Map 224 
 
 Shelter Rock Cave 239^ 
 
 Springs 212 
 
 Temperature 21S. 
 
Index. 
 
 349> 
 
 DECATUR 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Adams & Lovelace 282 
 
 Agricultural Resources 255 
 
 Altitude 247 
 
 Arantz Bros., lumber 284 
 
 Atlanta Store, dry goods 284 
 
 Baldridge & Read, real estate 270 
 
 Banks, J. T., paints 269 
 
 Beggs, T., harness 280 
 
 Bibb, Bond <t Co., real estate 272 
 
 Bond Block 285 
 
 Brown, W. A , stoves 279 
 
 Buchheit's Bottling Works 271 
 
 Bullock, W. F., pharmacist 277 
 
 Carpenter, J. F., sewing machines 271 
 
 Casa Grande Livery Stable 25S 
 
 Charcoal Works 250 
 
 Churches 251 
 
 Climate 247 
 
 Collins & Scales, furniture 283 
 
 Conant, G. F.. surveyor 283 
 
 Cotton Manufactures 255 
 
 Crane (& Brodix Investment Co 269 
 
 Crass, Head & Montgomery, contractors 277 
 
 Decatur Cornice Co 276 
 
 Decatur Land and Improvement Co 267 
 
 Decatur Livery and Transfer Co 278 
 
 Decatur Lumber Co 277 
 
 Exchange Bank 282 
 
 First National Bank 268 
 
 Furnaces 252 
 
 Healthfulness 247 
 
 Henlev, H. &Co., groceries 273 
 
 Hobart House 284 
 
 Hotel Bismarck 271 
 
 Howe, B. F. & Co., awnings 269 
 
 Howland & Co., engineers 273 
 
 Innis, J. M., architect 274 
 
 Jervis, J. D. & Co., builders' material 283 
 
 Johnson Block 248 
 
 Kentucky Restaurant 279 
 
 Kleibacker Lumber Co 278 
 
 Laughlin, Feehan & Co 284 
 
 Location 245 
 
 PJlQK 
 
 Machine Works 256 
 
 Marx, S., dry goods 274 
 
 Merchants' Insurance Co 267 
 
 Michigan Restaurant 280 
 
 Natural Wealth 253 
 
 Nelson, .T. M. .fe Son, real estate 274 
 
 New York Store 283 
 
 Nixon Bros., grocers 278 
 
 Norris, Parks & Pickens, real estate 274 
 
 Population 249 
 
 Progress, Record of 259 
 
 Railroad System 249 
 
 Real Estate 253 
 
 Recapitulation 261 
 
 Report of Decatur Land and Furnace Co 263 
 
 Rents 253 
 
 River 251 
 
 Schools 2.51 
 
 Secretary's Report 263 
 
 Sessions & Estes. furniture 275 
 
 Shipping Facilities 249 
 
 Siddons, G. W., boots and shoes 283 
 
 Southern Lumber Co . 272 
 
 Stanton, G. W., carriages 276 
 
 Steiner Hardware Co 272 
 
 Stuart, J. B., commission 278 
 
 Stuart, W. D., monuments 282 
 
 Sugars, J. S. & Co., watchmakers 279 
 
 Tate, R. H , cigars, etc 275- 
 
 The Tavern, hotel 281 
 
 'J'imber and Lumber 257 
 
 Toadvine Furniture Co 281 
 
 Transue & Goodwin, contractors 276 
 
 Union Furniture Co 273 
 
 Vandegrift, G. W & Co., real estate 270 
 
 Voght, C. F., photographer 281 
 
 Walden, D. &(.;o., real estate 275 
 
 Water Supply 249 
 
 West, I. M. & Son, architects 280 
 
 White, E. D., real estate . 268 
 
 Wilson, Wyatt & Co., insurance 279' 
 
 Wright, B.C., drugs 284 
 
 Young, E, K., merchandise 280- 
 
 GADSDEN. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Agricola, Otto, hardware 312 
 
 Agricultural 291 
 
 Alexander & Hightower 308 
 
 Aycock, W. L., grocer 309 
 
 Bellevue Hotel 293 
 
 Berger, S. W. & Co., dry goods 300 
 
 Black Creek Falls 291 
 
 Churches 297 
 
 Climate 293 
 
 Coosa River Bridge 288 
 
 Elliott Car Co 301 
 
 First National Bank 301 
 
 Fletcher Bros. & Holcom be, grocers 310 
 
 Fuller & Chadwick, grocers 30'.> 
 
 Gadsden 287 
 
 Gadsden and Alabama Furnace Co 305 
 
 Gadsden Foundry and Machine Works 311 
 
 Iron Co 302 
 
 Land Co 299 
 
 Planing Mill 303 
 
 Hale & Co., grocers .303 
 
 Hallock, H. J., stoves 307 
 
 Health 293 
 
 Henry, Sam, general merchant 304 
 
 Hogan, R. J., paperhanger 307 
 
 Hughes, J. A. & Co., liquors .307 
 
 Johnson House 311 
 
 Lay, W. P., lumber 305 
 
 Lumber Industry 295 
 
 McDuffee & Christopher, general merchants 307 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Map of Alabama 314 
 
 Metallic Paint Co 305 
 
 Natural Resources 289 
 
 Nowlin, J. R., druggist 308 
 
 Paden, John S. A Co., cotton buyers 301 
 
 Palmetto Stables 304 
 
 Phillips Bros. & Co., clothing 303 
 
 Phillips, Campbell & Co., furniture 306 
 
 Pogue & Herzberg, merchants 300 
 
 Pope & Cassells, groceries 311 
 
 Printup House, The 2%-309 
 
 Price, J. B., general merchant 313 
 
 Queen City Bakery 313 
 
 Randall, R. O., jewelry 310 
 
 Real Estate 295 
 
 Rich, J. T., groceries 312 
 
 Riddle, S. W. & Co., grocers 302 
 
 River and Rail 289 
 
 Roden, John B. & Co., jewelers 312 
 
 Schools 297 
 
 Situation 289 
 
 Standifer, W. S., lumber 304 
 
 Steamboat Landing 290 
 
 Timber 291 
 
 Tolson Bros., dry gooHs 306 
 
 Walker <& Liddell, druggists 308 
 
 Waterworks 297 
 
 Wilev, J. H., real estate 313 
 
 Willett, W. H., architect 310- 
 
 Young, A. (fcCo., liquors 306- 
 
350 
 
 Index. 
 
 TUSCALOOSA. 
 
 PAGE I 
 
 Alabama Central Female College 328 
 
 Allen it Jemison. hardware 327 
 
 Burton, M. I., printing 326 
 
 City. The 315 
 
 Coal and Iron 321 
 
 Dershide, J., tailor 326 
 
 Educational Centt^r 321 
 
 First National Bank 32o 
 
 Fitts, J. II. & Co 325 
 
 Forster, J., grocer 330 
 
 Friedman A Roseman, dry goods 330 
 
 Friedman A- Loveman, shoes 331 
 
 Gaudin, F. R.. grocer 325 
 
 Havs, T. N. & Co., grocers 330 
 
 Hemphill. R. C. & Co., grocers 328 
 
 Howell, \V. L. & Co.. groceries 328 
 
 Industrial Enterprises, built and under con- 
 tract 321 
 
 Insane Asylum 323 
 
 Leading Business Firms 323 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Leatherwood <0 Knox 329 
 
 Location 315 
 
 Lynch House 328 
 
 McGee, \V. E., photographer 326 
 
 McLain. R., jeweler 330 
 
 Manufacturing Point 319 
 
 Medlin cC- Gaudin. livery 331 
 
 Merchants' National Bank 325 
 
 Murphy, J., bakery 331 
 
 Perkins tfc Nicolson, shoes 325 
 
 Perry, Y. J., grocer 327 
 
 Residence, As a Place of 319 
 
 Resources and Position 315 
 
 Southern Pittsburg.- The 317 
 
 Turner, F. M., photographer 327 
 
 Warrior River 317 
 
 Washington Hotel 328 
 
 Wilson. Robert, mills 329 
 
 Yarn Mills 326 
 
 BESSEMER. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Baltimore and Ohio Express Co 344 
 
 Berney Bros 342 
 
 Bessemer, The 344 
 
 Bessemer Brick Co 343 
 
 Bessemer Dummy Line 343 
 
 Bessemer Manufacturing Co 343 
 
 Bessemer 334 
 
 Brief Review of To-Day .3.37 
 
 Buchanan d- Lake 343 
 
 Carolina Real Estate Co 344 
 
 Crook, R. L. <t Bro 343 
 
 DeBardeleben Coal and Iron Co 341 
 
 Ellison. T. B 343 
 
 Forst, M. ctCo 343 
 
 ■Grand Hotel 344 
 
 Hard, C. F. & Co 343 
 
 Howell, W. H 344 
 
 FAOE 
 
 .Tones. S. E. ct Co 343 
 
 Judson Agency 344 
 
 Kennellv cO Robertson 344 
 
 Marvel Citv Brick Co 343 
 
 McAdorv, N. M.<£-Co 343 
 
 Miller A Malone 343 
 
 Montezuma Hotel 344 
 
 Nabers, Morrow & Hendon 342 
 
 Natchez Land Co 344 
 
 Price of Lots 339 
 
 Progress 335 
 
 Root. G. L. & Co 343 
 
 Sewall, N. H 342 
 
 Southern Express Co 344 
 
 United States Express Co 344 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Co 344 
 
J. p. MUDD & CO. 
 
 Stock and Qo^d brokers. 
 
 MEMBERS BIRMINGHAM STOCK EXCHANGE. 
 105 20tl:i Street, Birmingtiam, Ala.. 
 
 REFERENCE: FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 
 
 The Private Dispensary 
 
 Guarantees Cures of SPECIAL DISEASES in Both Sexes 
 
 At Prices that Give Entire Satisfaction. 
 
 Room 31, Office Building, First Avenue. Office Hours: 
 8 to 12 M. and i to 5 p. m. 
 
 Can be found at Oswald House before and after hours. 
 
 DRS. TRIPPE & McCONNELL, 
 
 Physicians and Surgeons, 
 
 CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE. 
 
 SMARTT BROS. & CO, 
 
 LEADING WHOLESALE DEALERS IX 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES, 
 
 803 Market and 802 Broad Streets, 
 
 CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE. 
 
W. p. Newman. 
 
 J. R. Boyd. 
 
 S. K. Crusb. . 
 
 Newman, Boyd & Cruse, 
 
 'Imi Estate, Stock Brokers 
 
 -AND— 
 
 INSURANCE AGENTS, 
 
 Decatur, - - - Alabama, 
 
 MEMBERS REAL ESTATE AND STOCK EXCHANGE. 
 
 Selling Agents for the Decatur Land Companies. 
 Correspondence Solicited. 
 
 References : First National Bank and Exchange Bank. 
 
 THE ALLIANCE STORE. 
 
 Groceries and Plantation Supplies. 
 
 ALL GOODS DELIVERED FREE TO CUSTOMERS. 
 
 Motto: "Live and Let Live." 
 
 LOKEY COLLIER, Proprietor, 
 
 ATTALLA, ALABAMA. 
 
 Miles A. Hughes. "Walter E. Trippb>- 
 
 HUGHES & TRIPPE, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Shelf and Heavy Hard^vare. 
 
 Farming Implements, Buggies, Wagons, Etc. 
 ATTALLA, ALABAMA. 
 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 
 MEMPHIS, TENN. 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENN. 
 LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 
 
 Jesse French Piano and Organ Co. 
 
 215 NORTH 21ST STREET, BIRMINGHAM, ALA. 
 
 (Will remove Oct. i to 2nd Avenue, between 2ist and 22nd Sts.) 
 
 CO 
 
 c 
 
 0) 
 
 cd 
 
 CO 
 
 c 
 
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 o 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
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 0) 
 
 CO 
 
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 Call and see us before making your purchases and be 
 convinced that we have the 
 
 FINEST STOCK OF GOODS IN THE SOUTH. 
 
 JESSE FRENCH PIANO AND ORGAN CO. 
 
DR. L. G. WOODSON, 
 
 Late of the Presbyterian Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital,. 
 Baltimore, Maryland. Practice limited to diseases of the 
 
 VYV. V, 
 
 miTi 
 
 ROAT, 
 
 Glasses Accurately Adjusted to all Forms of 
 Defective Vision. 
 
 Refers to Medical Faculties: University of Virginia, 
 University of Maryland, and to Professors Julian J, Chisolm and 
 Herbert Harlan, Surgeons to Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Office 19th Street, over F. A. Walter & Co.'s Drug Store, 
 opposite Post Office. 
 
 Massachusetts Benefit Association. 
 
 INCORPORATED 1878. 
 
 G. A. LITCHFIELD, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 W. G. CORTHELL, 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 HOME OFFICE: TREMONT TEMPLE, BOSTON. 
 
 P. W. CRAWFORD, MANAGER SOUTHWESTERN DEPARTMENT, 
 
 Little Rock, Arkansas. 
 
 Agents wanted in all the Southern States, with whom liberal 
 contracts will be made. For agencies in Alabama and Tennessee 
 address HALSTEAD & DHONAU, 
 
 Box 338, Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 READ OUR RECORD.— The largest Assessment Associa- 
 tion in New England. Over 14,000 members. Over $100,000 
 received from one assessment. ^225,000 in Reserve Fund. 
 6,500 members in Boston and vicinity. Issues an absolute policy 
 for a definite amount. ^$2, 300,000 paid in death losses. Issues 
 policies from ;$ 1,000 to ^10,000. Policies incontestable after five 
 years. Under the new strict Massachusetts law. Death and- 
 Expense Funds strictly separate. All policies paid in full. 
 
JOHN MACKENZIE. 
 
 Manufacturer of and Dealer in 
 
 First Class Boots and Shoes, 
 
 At the Sign of the Golden Shoe, 
 
 204 19th Street, - Florence Hotel Block. 
 
 If your shoes are worn at heel or toe, 
 To JOHN MACKENZIE is the place to go. 
 They will be made to look as good as new 
 If you take them in at the GOLDEN SHOE. 
 
 Cotton i. General PioiIucb Commission ffleronant 
 
 ANIl 
 
 JOBBER of FRUIT and PRODUCE, 
 Cor. Ave. B and 20th St., - - BIRMINGHAM, ALA. 
 
 [Mr. Curry is a native of Pickens County, Alabama, and has been fourteen years in busi- 
 ness. He possesses superior ability as a merchant and is prompt and reliable in all his 
 dealings. He is thoroughly posted in this special line of business and has built up a large 
 and flourishing trade. Having had many years experience in general merchandising, Mr. 
 Curry will make purchases for his consignors free, and for others at 10 per cent, commission. 
 He solicits consignments from and correspondence with manufacturers and farmers. Ref- 
 ekenck:— Jefferson County Savings Bank.— Ed.] 
 
(naiMi Printing Q!^9n 
 
 2016 MORRIS AVENUE, BIRMINGHAM, ALA. 
 
 BI.ANK BOOKS 
 
 OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 
 
 ■iCatalogues, Price Lists, Books, Pamphlets, and Publications of all kinds a 
 Special Feature of this Establishment. 
 
Slueen and Crescent Route. 
 
 :incinnati Southern, Alabama Great Southern, New Orleans and 
 
 North Eastern, Vicksburg and Meridian, Vicksburg 
 
 Shreveport and Pacific Railroads. 
 
 THE SHORT I QUICK LINE 
 
 TO — - • 
 
 ImRMINGHAM, DECATUR, • *" BESSEMER, 
 
 HUNTSVILLE. t15sKALOOSA, GADSDEN, . 
 
 and ALL POINTS in 
 
 ALABAMA. 
 
 lOUBLE DAILY SERVICE OF THROUGH EXPRESS TRAINS 
 
 AND • ■ 
 
 Popular Local Train Aeeommodations. 
 
 OHN C. Gault, * R. Carroll, • H. Collbran, 
 
 Gen'l Manager. Gen'l Supt. Geii'l Pass'r Agt. 
 
 THE 
 
 leorgia Pacifie Rallwaj Company. 
 
 ir ■ 
 
 The only Railway passing through 
 \TLANTA." GA., TALLAPOOSA, GA., 
 
 ANNISTON, ALA., BIRMINGHAM, ALA., 
 BESSEMER, ALA. 
 
 All Important Points in the Alabama Mineral Regions 
 
 Are on or near this Line. 
 
 Call for your tickets via the Georgia Pacific Railway. 
 'or full particulars apply to G. S. BARNUM, G. P. & T. A., 
 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
>^ 
 
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 HTTNTSVIIiliE HOTJSIi, liUNTSVlLLE, Ma.\ .